Zoonoser er andet og mere end fødevarebårne sygdomme

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Guardabassi, Luca; Bisgaard, Magne

2007-01-01

Ingen af de bedst kendte zoonoser i historien er fødevarebårne - reelt har det vist sig, at mange nye infektionssygdomme hos mennesker stammer fra dyr.......Ingen af de bedst kendte zoonoser i historien er fødevarebårne - reelt har det vist sig, at mange nye infektionssygdomme hos mennesker stammer fra dyr....

PARADIGMAS EMERGENTES, CONHECIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liane Keitel

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo estimular o debate sobre novos modos de se compreender/ tratar o mundo com os recursos científico-epistêmicos. Para tal, o es tudo levanta e analisa novas formas de relacionamento científico com o mundo, com fundamento em paradigmas emergentes em ciências, tais como a teoria dos sistemas de Bertalanfy, a teoria de auto-organização de von Foerster, Ilya Prigogine, Henri Atlan e Edgar Morin, do acaso e necessidade de Monod, de autopoiese de Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela, com suas emergentes possibilidades epistemológicas e também educacionais. Utiliza-se o método reconstrutivo, ou seja, colocam-se em diálogo teóricos e teorias diferentes que possam fornecer sustentação argumentativa para a tese central defendida.

Habilidades de leitura de pré-escolares deficientes auditivos: letramento emergente

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Heloísa Helena Motta Bandini

2006-04-01

Full Text Available O letramento emergente é um conjunto de comportamentos e conhecimentos sobre leitura e escrita que acontecem no período entre o nascimento e a fase onde a criança torna-se capaz de escrever e ler de maneira convencional. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar o desenvolvimento do letramento emergente por meio da escala de letramento emergente em crianças portadoras de deficiência auditiva de grau severo a profundo ou profundo usuárias de LIBRAS (Língua Brasileira de Sinais. O estudo foi dividido em duas avaliações com a aplicação da Escala de Letramento Emergente em momentos diferentes, ao longo de um ano. Fizeram parte desse estudo crianças entre 6.5 anos e 7.3 anos, deficientes auditivas com perda bilateral de grau severo a profundo ou profundo, usuárias de LIBRAS. Os resultados do estudo indicam que o desenvolvimento de habilidades dessa população é semelhante ao de crianças ouvintes.

Epidemiological role of birds in the transmission and maintenance of zoonoses.

Science.gov (United States)

Contreras, A; Gómez-Martín, A; Paterna, A; Tatay-Dualde, J; Prats-Van Der Ham, M; Corrales, J C; De La Fe, C; Sánchez, A

2016-12-01

The risk of zoonoses spreading from birds to humans is lower, quantitatively speaking, than the risk of transmission between other host groups, because the two taxonomic groups share fewer pathogens. Nevertheless, birds have a number of epidemiological characteristics that make them extremely important hosts in the transmission and maintenance of zoonoses, including their susceptibility to pathogens that are extremely hazardous to humans (such as highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, West Nile virus and Chlamydia psittaci) and their ability to travel long distances, especially in the case of migratory birds. The fact that the human diet includes poultry products (meat, eggs and their by-products) also means that most human cases of foodborne zoonoses are infections of avian origin. Lastly, close contact between humans and pet birds or urban birds leads to interactions of public health concern. This article sets out to describe the main factors that determine the role of birds in the epidemiology of zoonotic infections. © OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2016.

Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses of Dogs and Cats

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Bruno B. Chomel

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Since the middle of the 20th century, pets are more frequently considered as “family members” within households. However, cats and dogs still can be a source of human infection by various zoonotic pathogens. Among emerging or re-emerging zoonoses, viral diseases, such as rabies (mainly from dog pet trade or travel abroad, but also feline cowpox and newly recognized noroviruses or rotaviruses or influenza viruses can sicken our pets and be transmitted to humans. Bacterial zoonoses include bacteria transmitted by bites or scratches, such as pasteurellosis or cat scratch disease, leading to severe clinical manifestations in people because of their age or immune status and also because of our closeness, not to say intimacy, with our pets. Cutaneous contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira spp., and/or aerosolization of bacteria causing tuberculosis or kennel cough are also emerging/re-emerging pathogens that can be transmitted by our pets, as well as gastro-intestinal pathogens such as Salmonella or Campylobacter. Parasitic and fungal pathogens, such as echinococcosis, leishmaniasis, onchocercosis, or sporotrichosis, are also re-emerging or emerging pet related zoonoses. Common sense and good personal and pet hygiene are the key elements to prevent such a risk of zoonotic infection.

MICROCONTAMINANTES EMERGENTES EN AGUAS: TIPOS Y SISTEMAS DE TRATAMIENTO

OpenAIRE

Yolanda Patiño; Eva Díaz; Salvador Ordóñez

2014-01-01

En el presente artículo se revisan las distintas clases de contaminantes emergentes, su origen y uso, y su presencia en las cuencas españolas, tanto en aguas superficiales como subterráneas. Los microcontaminantes emergentes son compuestos de distinto origen y naturaleza que hasta ahora habían pasado inadvertidos debido a su baja concentración (en el orden de las ppb) y sobre los que no hay regulación específica. Están divididos en seis grandes grupos y muchos de ellos se comportan como disru...

Social Environment and Control Status of Companion Animal-Borne Zoonoses in Japan

Science.gov (United States)

Takahashi-Omoe, Hiromi; Omoe, Katsuhiko

2012-01-01

Simple Summary The risk of companion animal-borne zoonoses has been rising in Japan with the tendency for increasing number of households to ever-growing numbers and varieties of animals as pets. In response, the Japanese government has implemented measures for the domestic and border control of zoonoses. However, it is impossible to determine whether these measures have adequately controlled the transmission of companion animal-borne zoonoses, due to a lack of (i) direct evidence linking companion animal involvement in disease and (ii) understanding of current trends in disease outbreak. Active surveillance should be conducted on a national level to collect the data necessary to make this determination and identify these trends. Abstract Changing social and environmental factors have been the cause of an increase in the number and variety of animals are being imported into Japan. Moreover, the number of Japanese households are keeping companion animals has also risen. These factors, along with the high density of the Japanese population and the low percentage of registered dogs, have increased the risk of animal-to-human transmission of zoonoses. To control zoonosis outbreaks, the Japanese government has implemented a three-stage approach for the border control of zoonoses and has stipulated the monitoring and reporting of eight companion animal-borne zoonoses under the Rabies Prevention Law and the Infectious Diseases Control Law. The fact that no case of human and animal rabies has been reported over the past 50 years indicates that these measures are highly effective in preventing rabies transmission. Although it is known that the total number of possible companion animal-borne zoonosis outbreaks decreased between 2005 and 2009 when compared with numbers between 2001 and 2004, the number of zoonosis cases that can be attributed to transmission by companion animals remains unclear. Active surveillance should be conducted on a national level to collect the data

Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Antimicrobial resistance in the European Union in 2004

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Helwigh, Birgitte

EFSA's Community Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Antimicrobial resistance in the European Union in 2004 was published in December 2005. The zoonoses, meaning infectious diseases transmissible from animals to humans, affected over 380,000 EU citizens in 2004....... Often the human form of the disease is acquired through contaminated food. According to the report, the two most frequently reported zoonotic diseases in humans were Salmonella and Campylobacter infections. These bacteria were also commonly found in food and animals. The report includes information...... of 11 zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents as well as foodborne outbreaks. The national zoonoses country reports which have been used as a basis for this Summary report are below. The utmost effort was made to keep the information in the Summary Report and the national reports identical...

Zoonoses, One Health and complexity: wicked problems and constructive conflict.

Science.gov (United States)

Waltner-Toews, David

2017-07-19

Infectious zoonoses emerge from complex interactions among social and ecological systems. Understanding this complexity requires the accommodation of multiple, often conflicting, perspectives and narratives, rooted in different value systems and temporal-spatial scales. Therefore, to be adaptive, successful and sustainable, One Health approaches necessarily entail conflicts among observers, practitioners and scholars. Nevertheless, these integrative approaches have, both implicitly and explicitly, tended to marginalize some perspectives and prioritize others, resulting in a kind of technocratic tyranny. An important function of One Health approaches should be to facilitate and manage those conflicts, rather than to impose solutions.This article is part of the themed issue 'One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being'. © 2017 The Authors.

Animal health care seeking behavior of pets or livestock owners and knowledge and awareness on zoonoses in a university community.

Science.gov (United States)

Awosanya, Emmanuel J; Akande, H O

2015-07-01

We investigated the attitude of pets or livestock owning households in a university community to animal health care services and assessed the knowledge and awareness level of the residents on zoonoses. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on demography, pet or livestock ownership, animal health care seeking behavior, awareness and knowledge of zoonoses from 246 households. We did descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis to determine the level of association in discrete variables between owners and non-owners of pets or livestock at a significant level of panimal health care seeking behavior of the 80 pets or livestock owners in terms of treatment and vaccination was 70%. Of the 56 (70%) who provided health care services for their animals, about 48 (85.7%) engaged the services of a veterinarian. Dog owning households (42) had the highest frequency of treating their pets against endoparasites (97.6%); ectoparasites (81%) and vaccination against diseases (73.8%). Of the 246 respondents, only 47 (19.1%) have heard of the term zoonoses. Of the considered zoonoses; their awareness of rabies (79.3%) was the highest, followed by Lassa fever (66.3%), the least was pasteurellosis with 18.7%. Having pets or livestock was significantly associated (p=0.04) with rabies awareness. However, there is no significant difference in the level of awareness of zoonoses; knowledge of zoonoses, knowledge of prevention of zoonoses and knowledge of risk of zoonoses between owners and non-owners of pets or livestock. The animal health care seeking behavior of households with pets or livestock is good and should be encouraged. Public education should be created for other zoonoses aside from rabies, Lassa fever, and avian influenza.

Emerging human infectious diseases: anthroponoses, zoonoses, and sapronoses

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hubálek, Zdeněk

2003-01-01

Roč. 9, č. 3 (2003), s. 403-404 ISSN 1080-6040 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KSK6005114 Keywords : zoonoses Subject RIV: FN - Epidemiology, Contagious Diseases ; Clinical Immunology Impact factor: 5.340, year: 2003 http://www.cdc.gov.ncidod/EID/vol9no3/02-0208-app.htm

Emergentism

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Carlos Beorlegui

2015-02-01

Full Text Available We may wonder if the emergentist model owes too much to the two traditional alternative approaches (first or third person, although it is aware of its weaknesses it fails to complete its interesting contribution with an anthropological approach that may consider mind and mental phenomena as a reality that emerges, matures, develops and expresses itself in its unavoidable interpersonal and social contexts, as is shown by the psychological and anthropological research into the study of the development of human personality. We consider that three complementary elements or dimensions should be taken into account: the evolutionary aspect (the biological maturing process of the brain, which represents the jump from prehuman to human existence; the systemic aspect (the systemic way to understand the mind as the total structure of the brain; and the social aspect (the interpersonal and social dimension as the field where the mind and the person originate. It is only within the context of human society that each personal reality can be shaped as such. Thus, this proposal could be referred to as psycho-social-systemic emergentism.

Food-borne zoonoses, the EU zoonosis legislation and the prospects for food safety and consumer protection during primary animal production.

Science.gov (United States)

Smulders, Frans J M; Vågsholm, Ivar; Korkeala, Hannu

2008-01-01

Zoonoses are diseases that are transmitted naturally between animals and humans. The control of food-borne zoonoses within the European Union is a prerequisite for assuring a functional internal market and consequently represents an important item on the political agenda. Unfortunately, until recently, gaining a clear view of the current incidence of food-borne zoonoses and the prevalence of its causative agents has been frustrated by the absence of reliable monitoring and reporting systems. Similarly, it has become clear that, Europe wide, one has witnessed only limited success with regard to the control of important food-borne agents such as Salmonella spp. The European Union has adopted legislation to remedy this situation and to control food-borne zoonoses in primary production. This contribution discusses the incentives for introducing EU Directive 2003/99/EC and EU Regulation No. 2160/2003, summarises their essentials and discusses major ramifications of both pieces of legislation for the prevention of food-borne zoonoses. It is concluded that there is reason for cautious optimism concerning human salmonellosis, while for other food-borne zoonoses there should be a call for action.

Zoonoses: a potential obstacle to the growing wildlife industry of Namibia

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Kudakwashe Magwedere

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Zoonoses, which account for approximately 75% of emerging human infectious diseases worldwide, pose a re-emerging threat to public health. With an ever-increasing interrelationship between humans, livestock and wildlife species, the threat to human health will rise to unprecedented levels. Wildlife species contribute to the majority of emerging diseases; therefore, there is an urgent need to define control systems of zoonoses of wildlife origin but very little information exists. In this review, we examine prevalent zoonotic infections reported in Namibia between 1990 and 2009 and assess their potential impact on the growing wildlife industry. A wide spectrum of zoonotic diseases was confirmed in both livestock and wildlife species, with rabies and anthrax cases being over-represented and also showing the widest species distribution. Whilst vaccination and ante-mortem inspection against these diseases may curb infected livestock species from entering the human food chain, such practices are difficult to implement in free-ranging wildlife species. In this context, there is a need to improve existing control measures and/or develop novel and better interventional strategies to reduce the threat of this re-emerging global problem. This review provides the basis for initiating a multidisciplinary evidence-based approach to control zoonoses in countries with thriving wildlife and game farming.

Prevention and control of zoonoses at their source: from the Chinese perspective

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Songtao YANG,Yuwei GAO,Jun QIAN,Quan LIU,Xuexing ZHENG,Hualei WANG,Zhiping XIA,Xianzhu XIA

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Zoonoses are a significant public health concern and cause considerable socioeconomic problems globally. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI, and Ebola virus disease (EVD has had a significant effect on the national economy and public health in China, and other countries. This review analyzed zoonotic disease issues faced by China, and the main factors contributing to the risk of zoonotic disease. The Chinese government has devised new strategies and has taken measures to deal with the challenges of these diseases, and the prevention and control of zoonoses at their source. A strategy that is suited to China's national conditions, is proposed.

[Knowledge of zoonoses transmission routes and of the species concerned among rural workers].

Science.gov (United States)

Molineri, Ana I; Signorini, Marcelo L; Tarabla, Héctor D

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness of zoonoses among rural workers and their potential associations with socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional study was performed by holding personal interviews (N=110, n=94) using a structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis included the χ(2) test, the Student's t test and Pearson and Spearman correlations. The highest level of awareness was found for trichinosis, rabies and scabies. Species transmitting brucellosis, tuberculosis and anthrax were well known, but not their modes of transmission. The least known diseases were toxocariasis and hydatidosis, followed by leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis. Significant associations were found (p<0.001) between the knowledge of transmitting species and the modes of transmission. Senior male owners, married, and living in urban areas showed the highest overall knowledge of zoonoses. Awareness of zoonoses among rural workers is inadequate. Veterinarians in conjunction with risk insurers may play a key role in providing information to people at risk. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

[Which zoonoses should the general population be more awareness of ? Qualitative research targeted at veterinarians].

Science.gov (United States)

Horiguchi, Itsuko; Ishikawa, Naoko; Feng, Qiaolian; Kigawa, Mika; Marui, Eiji

2011-09-01

The purpose of this study was to determine which zoonoses should the general population be more aware of. We conducted qualitative research (Delphi method) on thirty veterinarians who were selected from the whole country. Twenty-four diseases were selected. The reasons for their selection were classified into three categories: "Amount of knowledge, attitude and behavior", "Clinicoepidemiologic characteristics" and "Social characteristics". More than half of the top ten zoonoses are those that are not transmitted from humans to humans, with rabies in the first place, avian influenza (with its high pathogenicity) in the second place and psittacosis in the third place. From the top ten diseases, it is considered that the prevention of animal-to-human transmission should be emphasized. In addition, from the reasons for the selection, it is suggested that it is necessary to review social characteristics, such as the inadequacy of quarantine and the insufficiencies of legal systems. As for the zoonoses that are transmitted from humans to humans, it will be indispensable in the future to widely spread information on zoonoses and enlighten the general population about them. It is thought that this survey can be a basis for selecting a zoonosis that should be given priority in enlightening the general population.

Major Parasitic Zoonoses Associated with Dogs and Cats in Europe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baneth, G.; Thamsborg, S M; Otranto, D

2016-01-01

Some of the most important zoonotic infectious diseases are associated with parasites transmitted from companion animals to man. This review describes the main parasitic zoonoses in Europe related to dogs and cats, with particular emphasis on their current epidemiology. Toxoplasmosis, leishmaniosis...

Justicia Restaurativa: Un paradigma emergente

OpenAIRE

García Gumbau, Erica

2017-01-01

RESUMEN DE LA TESIS DOCTORAL JUSTICIA RESTAURATIVA: UN PARADIGMA EMERGENTE La tesis profundiza y reflexiona en torno a una nueva concepción de la justicia y su aplicación en la praxis. Actualmente nos encontramos ante una crisis del paradigma retributivo o crisis del modelo de justicia tradicional, dominante hasta ahora en la administración de justicia. Paralelamente, se está empezando a hablar de una nueva filosofía de la administración de justicia. El presente trabajo de i...

Contaminantes emergentes en aguas subterráneas: origen, presencia y aspectos normativos

OpenAIRE

Candela Lledó, Lucila

2016-01-01

Una de las amenazas a la calidad de los RRHH es la presencia de múltiples estresores, entre ellos que cabe destacar a los denominados contaminantes emergentes. Con el nombre de contaminantes o compuestos emergentes se define a una serie de compuestos químicos de origen diverso (fármacos, productos de diagnóstico, plaguicidas, detergentes, productos de uso personal, etc.) caracterizados por su continua y creciente producción y consumo. La información existente sobre su presencia en las aguas s...

The Burden of Parasitic Zoonoses in Nepal : A Systematic Review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Ale, Anita; Torgerson, Paul; Praet, Nicolas; Maertens de Noordhout, Charline; Dev Pandey, Basu; Pun, Sher Bahadur; Lake, Rob; Vercruysse, Jozef; Datt Joshi, Duga; Havelaar, Arie H.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/072306122; Duchateau, Luc; Dorny, Pierre; Speybroeck, Niko

2014-01-01

Background:Parasitic zoonoses (PZs) pose a significant but often neglected threat to public health, especially in developing countries. In order to obtain a better understanding of their health impact, summary measures of population health may be calculated, such as the Disability-Adjusted Life Year

Zoonoses: an occupational hazard for livestock workers and a public health concern for rural communities.

Science.gov (United States)

LeJeune, J; Kersting, A

2010-07-01

Farming employs one of the most diverse work forces, while at the same time it is one of the most dangerous occupations in the U.S. Individuals associated with the livestock industry face an additional risk: zoonotic diseases. In an effort to improve the overall well-being of the farming community, this review addresses zoonoses as a health concern for the farming community. The discussion of agriculturally acquired zoonoses includes infections naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to man (e.g., rabies) and those common to animals and man (e.g., Salmonella). Special consideration is given to identifying individuals potentially at higher risk for developing disease. Case reports and epidemiological studies are reviewed from published veterinary and human-health literature to illustrate exposure scenarios and associated health outcomes. Additionally, key livestock zoonoses in the U.S. are summarized, and an overview of prevention and control strategies is provided. Findings show that livestock can transmit many zoonoses directly and indirectly, and human health can be significantly impacted, but the number of people adversely impacted is largely unknown. This review concludes that more education about zoonosis transmission and prevention is needed, and healthcare providers serving rural communities are a critical link in providing this information. In order for healthcare providers to address the educational gap, we recommend greater collaboration with veterinary specialists schooled in population medicine, zoonosis prevention and control, and animal production.

Risks of Zoonosic Disease transmission in pets in Sancti Spíritus City.

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Odmara M. Castellanos Yero

2012-06-01

Full Text Available For the development of this work the urban zone of Sancti Spíritus was taken as a sample. The main objective was to identify the risk factors associated to the ignorance of zoonosis transmitted by pet animals. The tests were applied to 50 homes in 5 People’s Council, having as a total 250 housings. Dogs were the animals which predominated in houses (66.6%.The risks of Zoonosis showed that 393 persons are in direct contact with the animals, 330 played with them and 234 bathe them. The 64.0 % of the persons that were tested knew about the risk of animals for the human health, the lowest knowledge was obtained in the People’s Council of kilo 12 and Jesus Maria. Tested persons agreed that animals have lowest risk of transmitting disease to human. The 62 % of tested persons said that the most common way of zoonosic disease transmission is by bites. For the tested population the most known zoonosic diseases were: Leptospirosis, Brucellosis, Rabia and Salmonellosis, the population showed great desire for being training about zoonosic diseases, giving more responsibility in this task to Veterinarian Service (75.2 %.

La experiencia de los virus emergentes en el Caribe colombiano

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Salim Máttar V

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Existe una interrelación muy estrecha entre el hombre, su ecología y el mundo microbiano, tanto el ser humano como los agentes infecciosos han coevolucionado durante milenios (1. La historia demuestra que ha existido una confluencia de diferentes enfermedades infecciosas y las principales civilizaciones. En los últimos años las enfermedades zoonoticas emergentes han ido cobrando una importancia creciente en el terreno de la salud humana y animal, surgiendo nuevas enfermedades procedentes siempre de lugares insospechados y causantes de graves problemas para el hombre o los animales (2. La mayoría de patógenos involucrados en las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes (EIE son de origen bacteriano o rickettsial (54.3%. En este grupo están incluidos los patógenos bacterianos resistentes a los antibióticos. Los patógenos de origen viral y los priones, constituyen el 25.4% de eventos de las EIE, los protozoarios representan el 10.7%, seguido de los hongos 6.3% y los helmintos en un 3.3%. El 60.3% de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes son causadas por patógenos zoonoticos (2. El 71.8% de estas zoonosis son causados por patógenos que se originan de la fauna silvestre, como la emergencia del virus de Nipah en Malasia y el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS en China (3.

Iniciativa europea del radar para riesgos emergentes - ¿una posibilidad a futuro para América Latina?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksandar Jovanovic

2013-04-01

Full Text Available El proyecto de la Unión Europea (UE: Reconocimiento temprano, monitoreo y gestión integral de riesgos emergentes relacionados con las nuevas tecnologías -iNTeg-Risk ha desarrollado un pragmático e inusual enfoque para un marco integral en la gestión de riesgos emergentes. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una serie de soluciones específicas e innovadoras aplicando buenos principios de gestión de riesgos y elaborar soluciones más genéricas e integradas, que todas juntas, nos permitan “entender mejor cómo gestionar los riesgos emergentes en un mundo incierto y complejo”El presente artículo presenta una visión general de los diferentes resultados y herramientas desarrolladas a través del proyecto iNTeg-Risk, resaltando algunos logros muy importantes en relación con riesgos emergentes en el área de seguridad de los procesos tales como la regasificación de LNG, operaciones remotas, eventos NaTech, entre otros. Con el fin de asegurar sostenibilidad de los resultados de iNTeg-Risk, el radar europeo de riesgos emergente (E2R2 es una iniciativa prevista como uno de los caminos potenciales para el reconocimiento temprano, monitoreo y gestión de riesgos emergentes.En su fase inicial, los principales componentes de la iniciativa E2R2 son las aplicaciones/herramientas desarrolladas a lo largo del proyecto iNTeg-Risk, tales como RiskAtlas, RiskEars, RiskRadar, RiskClock, RiskTweet, etc. Las entradas multicanales para la iniciativa E2R2 han sido planeadas ser de diferentes fuentes: expertos, proyectos de investigación, publicaciones científicas, aplicaciones web, redes sociales/profesionales y el público en general, por lo tanto, una colaboración posible con interesados latinoamericanos en el futuro seria beneficiosa especialmente para aquellos riesgos emergentes con un carácter más globalizado.

Bacterial zoonoses of fishes: a review and appraisal of evidence for linkages between fish and human infections.

Science.gov (United States)

Gauthier, David T

2015-01-01

Human contact with and consumption of fishes presents hazards from a range of bacterial zoonotic infections. Whereas many bacterial pathogens have been presented as fish-borne zoonoses on the basis of epidemiological and phenotypic evidence, genetic identity between fish and human isolates is not frequently examined or does not provide support for transmission between these hosts. In order to accurately assess the zoonotic risk from exposure to fishes in the context of aquaculture, wild fisheries and ornamental aquaria, it is important to critically examine evidence of linkages between bacteria infecting fishes and humans. This article reviews bacteria typically presented as fish-borne zoonoses, and examines the current strength of evidence for this classification. Of bacteria generally described as fish-borne zoonoses, only Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus iniae, Clostridium botulinum, and Vibrio vulnificus appear to be well-supported as zoonoses in the strict sense. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, while transmissible from fishes to humans, does not cause disease in fishes and is therefore excluded from the list. Some epidemiological and/or molecular linkages have been made between other bacteria infecting both fishes and humans, but more work is needed to elucidate routes of transmission and the identity of these pathogens in their respective hosts at the genomic level. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Social Environment and Control Status of Companion Animal-Borne Zoonoses in Japan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hiromi Takahashi-Omoe

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Changing social and environmental factors have been the cause of an increase in the number and variety of animals are being imported into Japan. Moreover, the number of Japanese households are keeping companion animals has also risen. These factors, along with the high density of the Japanese population and the low percentage of registered dogs, have increased the risk of animal-to-human transmission of zoonoses. To control zoonosis outbreaks, the Japanese government has implemented a three-stage approach for the border control of zoonoses and has stipulated the monitoring and reporting of eight companion animal-borne zoonoses under the Rabies Prevention Law and the Infectious Diseases Control Law. The fact that no case of human and animal rabies has been reported over the past 50 years indicates that these measures are highly effective in preventing rabies transmission. Although it is known that the total number of possible companion animal-borne zoonosis outbreaks decreased between 2005 and 2009 when compared with numbers between 2001 and 2004, the number of zoonosis cases that can be attributed to transmission by companion animals remains unclear. Active surveillance should be conducted on a national level to collect the data necessary to determine this number and identify trends in companion-animal transmitted diseases. Using the data collected, regulation systems should be evaluated to determine whether they have met reasonable goals and policy planning conducted for the control of emerging diseases.

A "one health" approach to address emerging zoonoses: the HALI project in Tanzania.

OpenAIRE

Jonna A K Mazet; Deana L Clifford; Peter B Coppolillo; Anil B Deolalikar; Jon D Erickson; Rudovick R Kazwala

2009-01-01

Jonna Mazet and colleagues describe their work in the Tanzania-based HALI Project, which adopts the ?One Health? approach to address emerging zoonoses and that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.

Bacterial Zoonoses Transmitted by Household Pets : State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives for Targeted Research and Policy Actions

OpenAIRE

Damborg, P; Broens, E M; Chomel, B B; Guenther, S; Pasmans, F; Wagenaar, J A; Weese, J S; Wieler, L H; Windahl, U; Vanrompay, D; Guardabassi, L

2016-01-01

The close contact between household pets and people offers favourable conditions for bacterial transmission. In this article, the aetiology, prevalence, transmission, impact on human health and preventative measures are summarized for selected bacterial zoonoses transmissible by household pets. Six zoonoses representing distinct transmission routes were selected arbitrarily based on the available information on incidence and severity of pet-associated disease caused by zoonotic bacteria: bite...

Toxicants exposures as novel zoonoses: reflections on sustainable development, food safety and veterinary public health.

Science.gov (United States)

Frazzoli, C; Mantovani, A

2010-12-01

The modern concept of zoonosis considers any detriment to the health and/or quality of human life resulting from relationships with (other) vertebrate or edible or toxic invertebrate animals. Whereas exposure to toxicants through foods of animal origin (a.o.) is a well-established issue, hereby we discuss it as novel zoonoses, from the standpoints of health implications as well as similarities and differences with classical zoonoses caused by biological agents. Novel toxicant-related zoonoses are linked with new issues in food safety, such as the environment-feed-food chain. In fact, the potential effect of the combined and repeated exposure to dietary toxicants is generally long-term and not readily discernible. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in staple foods of a.o. are discussed as a telling example of a food safety issue summing up critical points covered by the definition of sustainable development, also implicating health risks for generations to come. We suggest some critical points to implement the veterinary public health action in sustainable food safety, such as enhancement of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points systems for toxicological risk management. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Bradford Hill’s criteria, emerging zoonoses, and One Health

OpenAIRE

G.V. Asokan; Vanitha Asokan

2016-01-01

Zoonoses constitute more than 60% of infectious diseases and 75% of emerging infectious diseases. Inappropriate overemphasis of specialization of disciplines has ignored public health. Identifying the causes of disease and determining how exposures are related to outcomes in “emerging zoonoses” affecting multiple species are considered to be the hallmarks of public health research and practice that compels the adoption of “One Health”. The interactions within and among populations of vertebra...

Banco de sementes e flora emergente de plantas daninhas Seed bank and abovegroud weed

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R.A. Isaac

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo estudar a relação existente entre o banco de sementes e o posterior estabelecimento da flora emergente de plantas daninhas, sob sistema de semeadura direta e convencional, realizou-se uma pesquisa no município de Pedra Preta-MT. O banco de sementes e a flora emergente foram avaliados, em cada sistema de cultivo, em 50 células contíguas de 1 m². O banco de sementes foi determinado a partir de amostras de 2,4% da área de cada célula na profundidade de 0-5 cm, em setembro de 2003, por meio da técnica de flotação. A flora emergente foi avaliada por meio de seis levantamentos sucessivos, até novembro de 2004, realizados na área total de cada célula, com retirada dos indivíduos após cada avaliação. Esses dados foram utilizados para calcular os parâmetros fitossociológicos e também a correlação entre o banco de sementes e a flora emergente. A similaridade entre o banco de sementes e a flora emergente foi baixa tanto no sistema de semeadura direta quanto no convencional. Houve correlação significativa apenas para Amaranthus deflexus e Eleusine indica entre o banco de sementes e a flora emergente. Para A. deflexus a correlação foi significativa nos dois sistemas de semeadura e, para E. indica, somente para semeadura direta.A study was carried out in Pedra Petra-MT aiming to study the relation between seed bank and posterior aboveground weed in annual crop fields under no-till and tillage systems. The seed bank and weed flora were assessed in fifty contiguous 1 m² cells, under both cultivation systems. The seed bank was determined from soil samples from 4% of the area of each cell at 0-5 cm depth using the flotation technique. The aboveground weed vegetation was evaluated by six successive surveys until November 2004, carried out in the total area of each cell, with removal of the individuals from the area after each evaluation. These data were used to calculate the phyto-sociological parameters and the

Knowledge and attitude towards zoonoses among animal health workers and livestock keepers in Arusha and Tanga, Tanzania.

Science.gov (United States)

Swai, Emanuel S; Schoonman, Luuk; Daborn, Chris J

2010-10-01

Zoonoses are infections naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. An exploratory questionnaire-based survey of animal health workers(n=36) and livestock keepers(n=43) was carried out from April 2001 to March 2002 in Tanga and Arusha regions, northern Tanzania, to assess local knowledge, attitudes and public awareness for animal zoonoses. A combination of closed and open-ended questions, focus group discussions and ranking techniques were employed to gather information on perceptions concerning the type of zoonotic diseases prevalent in the study area, level of risk, mode of transmission and methods of preventing disease transmission from animals to humans. The results demonstrated that rabies, tuberculosis and anthrax were considered the three most common zoonotic diseases. Sharing living accommodation with animals, consumption of un-treated livestock products (i.e. milk, meat or eggs) and attending to parturition were perceived as routes of transmission. Knowledge about zoonosis was higher in smallholder dairy (92%; 33/36) than traditional livestock keepers (Pzoonosis was significantly higher in traditional livestock (86%; 6/7) than smallholder dairy keepers (Pzoonosis by farm location revealed that rural farms (85%; 7/8) were considered significantly at a higher risk when compared to peri or urban located farms (P<0.05). Most of the respondents stated cooking of meat or boiling of milk as a way to prevent transmission. However, there was a significant difference in the perception of the risk posed by contact with potentially infected animals /or animal products with animal health workers having a much higher level of perception compared to livestock keepers. These results suggest that in the Tanga and Arusha, Tanzania, patchy awareness and knowledge of zoonoses, combined with food consumption habits and poor animal husbandry are likely to expose respondents to an increased risk of contracting zoonoses. Public health promotion on education and

Emprender en economías emergentes: el entorno institucional y su desarrollo

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Antonia Mercedes García-Cabrera

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Dos motivaciones justifican el presente trabajo: (1 el interés por impulsar la actividad emprendedora como mecanismo de crecimiento en las economías emergentes y (2 la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones sobre la influencia que las instituciones del entorno ejercen sobre la actividad emprendedora y que se sustenten, más que en un planteamiento de resultados, en el análisis de los procesos, dinámicas e interacciones entre tales elementos para favorecer el emprendimiento. Sobre la base de ellas, se formulan las dos cuestiones de investigación siguientes: ¿cómo interactúan los factores institucionales del entorno para influir en la decisión emprendedora del individuo en una economía emergente?, y ¿qué planteamientos subyacen a los distintos enfoques de actuación que coexisten en la economía institucional para lograr el desarrollo institucional y económico buscado? Las respuestas que ofrecemos a estos interrogantes nos permiten establecer proposiciones de investigación novedosas sobre la particular incidencia que las instituciones ejercen sobre el emprendimiento en las economías emergentes, proporcionando nuevas relaciones que deben ser exploradas empíricamente para mejorar nuestra comprensión del emprendimiento y su promoción efectiva en tales contextos económicos.

Public Health Threat of New, Reemerging, and Neglected Zoonoses in the Industrialized World

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cutler, S.J.; Fooks, A.R.; Poel, van der W.H.M.

2010-01-01

Microbiologic infections acquired from animals, known as zoonoses, pose a risk to public health. An estimated 60% of emerging human pathogens are zoonotic. Of these pathogens, >71% have wildlife origins. These pathogens can switch hosts by acquiring new genetic combinations that have altered

A survey of Tennessee veterinarian and physician attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding zoonoses prevention among animal owners with HIV infection or AIDS.

Science.gov (United States)

Hill, William Allen; Petty, Gregory C; Erwin, Paul C; Souza, Marcy J

2012-06-15

To examine the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of Tennessee veterinarians and physicians engaged in clinical practice regarding the risk for and prevention of zoonoses in people with HIV infection or AIDS. Cross-sectional survey. Licensed Tennessee veterinarians and physicians engaged in clinical practice. A survey was mailed in January 2010 to 454 licensed veterinarians and 1,737 licensed physicians. 181 of 419 (43.20%) eligible veterinarians and 201 of 1,376 (14.61%) eligible physicians responded to the survey. A majority of both veterinarians (131/179 [73.18%]) and physicians (97/192 [50.52%]) indicated that veterinarians should always or almost always be involved in advising clients with HIV infection or AIDS. The majority of veterinarians (120/173 [69.36%]) indicated they always or almost always discussed with clients the potential risk to immune-compromised persons after diagnosing a zoonosis. A high proportion (88/94 [93.62%]) of physicians indicated they never or rarely initiated discussions about zoonoses with patients with HIV infection or AIDS. All physicians (94/94 [100%]) indicated they never or rarely contacted veterinarians for advice on zoonoses. Similarly, 174 of 180 (96.76%) veterinarians had never or rarely contacted physicians for advice on zoonoses risks. Only 25.97% of veterinarians and 33.33% of physicians were correctly able to identify zoonotic pathogens of greatest concern to people with HIV infection or AIDS. We identified several implications for veterinary medical and medical practice that may reduce zoonoses transmission risks for people with HIV infection or AIDS, including increased communication between veterinarians and physicians, increased communication between people with HIV infection or AIDS and health-care providers, increased availability of client educational materials, and increased participation in zoonoses continuing education opportunities by health-care providers.

Efectos de los estrógenos como contaminantes emergentes en la salud y el ambiente

OpenAIRE

Ramírez-Sánchez, Irwing M.; Martínez-Austria, Polioptro; Quiroz-Alfaro, Marco A.; Bandala, Erick R.

2015-01-01

Los contaminantes emergentes son sustancias que tienen el potencial de dañar al ser humano, flora y fauna, y no están regulados por la legislación. Los estrógenos son parte de esta definición, es decir, contaminantes emergentes, que cuando incrementan su concentración en el ser humano o el ambiente causan daño. Los seres humanos están expuestos a concentraciones altas de estrógenos debido a su uso como parte de terapias de reemplazo hormonal o métodos anticonceptivos. Flora y fauna están expu...

Canabinoides sintéticos: drogas de abuso emergentes

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Audrei de Oliveira Alves

2012-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A Cannabis sativa (cannabis, maconha, marijuana é uma droga de abuso com efeitos psicoativos e potencial terapêutico bastante conhecidos. Um grande número de canabinoides foi sintetizado na tentativa de excluir ou minimizar os efeitos psicotrópicos e mantendo as aplicações terapêuticas. Os canabinoides sintéticos representam o mais recente avanço das designer drugs. OBJETIVOS: Este trabalho busca trazer informações sobre a utilização de canabinoides sintéticos como drogas de abuso emergentes, principalmente sob a forma de spice ou herbal blends. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed utilizando os descritores de assunto "synthetic cannabinoids", "spice", "legal highs", "herbal blends", "psychosis cannabis" e suas combinações. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados canabinoides sintéticos nos produtos Spice, confirmando que os incensos herbais realmente surgiram como drogas de abuso emergentes. CONCLUSÃO: Não está claro se a utilização de canabinoides sintéticos e de Spice é uma moda passageira ou se irá se estabelecer em nossa sociedade. No entanto, o fenômeno das designer drugs, especialmente canabinoides sintéticos, representa um desafio presente para o sistemas de saúde no mundo globalizado, tornando-se necessária a pesquisa clínica e forense desses produtos.

Candida glabrata um patogénio emergente?

OpenAIRE

Matilde, Filipa Alexandra Veiga

2014-01-01

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz Nas últimas décadas as infecções fúngicas têm aumentado exponencialmente. Apesar de Candida albicans (C. albicans) continuar a ser a espécie isolada com maior frequência, as espécies não albicans tem vindo a proliferar rapidamente. Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) é uma das espécies emergentes como patogénio oportunista humano, sendo responsável maioritariamente por candidoses invasivas em pacie...

MICROCONTAMINANTES EMERGENTES EN AGUAS: TIPOS Y SISTEMAS DE TRATAMIENTO

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Yolanda Patiño

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se revisan las distintas clases de contaminantes emergentes, su origen y uso, y su presencia en las cuencas españolas, tanto en aguas superficiales como subterráneas. Los microcontaminantes emergentes son compuestos de distinto origen y naturaleza que hasta ahora habían pasado inadvertidos debido a su baja concentración (en el orden de las ppb y sobre los que no hay regulación específica. Están divididos en seis grandes grupos y muchos de ellos se comportan como disruptores endocrinos, provocando efectos negativos sobre la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Se encuentran presentes en las aguas ya que las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales no están diseñadas para su eliminación, por lo que están siendo vertidos. Se discuten las distintas alternativas para su eliminación – tratamiento físico-químicos, biológicos y tecnologías híbridas - , destacando dentro de los procesos físico-químicos el empleo de procesos avanzados de oxidación (AOPs que están resultando muy prometedores.

Seroprevalence survey of zoonoses in Extremadura, southwestern Spain, 2002-2003.

Science.gov (United States)

Asencio, Maria Angeles; Herraez, Oscar; Tenias, Jose Maria; Garduño, Eugenio; Huertas, Maria; Carranza, Rafael; Ramos, Julian Mauro

2015-01-01

Our aims were to determine the seroprevalence rates for the most common types of zoonosis among the population of Extremadura (southwestern Spain) and to identify the associated risk factors. We conducted a seroepidemiological survey to collect information on family background and the habits of people residing in Extremadura between 2002 and 2003. Antibodies to Brucella were determined by Rose Bengal staining and a standard tube agglutination test; a titer of 1/80 was considered to be positive. Antibody titers for spotted fever, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, and toxoplasmosis were determined by enzyme-immunoassays. Independent risk factors identified were age (younger age for brucellosis), male gender (brucellosis, spotted fever, and toxoplasmosis), occupation and contact with animals (brucellosis and spotted fever for those in contact with goats, hydatidosis for those in contact with sheep, leishmaniasis for those in contact with dogs, and toxoplasmosis for those in contact with cats and pigs), and consuming contaminated food (brucellosis by eating fresh cheese, hydatidosis by eating homemade sausages, and toxoplasmosis by eating pork). Except for leishmaniasis, the other zoonoses were more prevalent in rural areas, and, with the exception of brucellosis, they were all more prevalent in Badajoz. The distribution of zoonoses in Extremadura was strongly influenced by keeping livestock and eating habits. Thus, brucellosis was more prevalent in Caceres (associated with cheese consumption), while toxoplasmosis (pork consumption) and spotted fever (from hunting) were more common in Badajoz.

EVALUACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJE EMERGENTE: UNA EXPERIENCIA CON ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIAS DE EDUCACIÓN PREESCOLAR

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Eleonora Badilla Saxe

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se aborda en este ensayo la necesidad de comprender y evaluar el aprendizaje como un fenómeno emergente, más allá del aprendizaje previsto en los planes de estudio y diseño curricular. Se ejemplifica con la reflexión del propio aprendizaje emergente de la autora en su proceso de dirección de un proyecto de investigación-acción en la Universidad de Costa Rica. En dicha investigación-acción participaron once estudiantes de licenciatura en educación preescolar y veinticinco niños y niñas de 5 y 6 años que contaron con materiales digitales en su ambiente y proceso de aprendizaje.

Revitalization of Emergentism in SLA: A Panacea!

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Nima Shakouri Masouleh

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Emergentists claim learning takes place by extracting regularities from the input. By the same token, Ellis (1998 disputed the view held by generative linguistics that such a complex phenomenon as language can only be learnt if it is assumed that humans are endowed genetically with a language specific learning device. Emergentists, as O’Grady (2003 reports, claim simple learning mechanisms are sufficient to bring about the emergence of complex language representations. Nevertheless, this perspective toward learning has so far failed to take into account how language competence could emerge (O’Grady, 2003. The following paper is an attempt to elucidate the theoretical assumptions behind emergentism.

La Gestión de Tecnologías Emergentes en el Ámbito Universitario

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Claudia N. Jiménez-Hernández

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El carácter emergente de algunas tecnologías hace que tengan un alto grado de incertidumbre, lo que a su vez conlleva particularidades en su manejo respecto a las tecnologías maduras. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la gestión de tecnologías emergentes en el contexto internacional, con énfasis en el ámbito universitario; para ello, se aplican técnicas cienciométricas a información obtenida de bases de datos de artículos científicos y técnicos. Así mismo, se examina el papel de las universidades, para lo cual se hace un análisis comparativo de algunos casos de reconocido impacto en el nivel mundial. Entre los resultados obtenidos está la identificación de áreas relevantes como la nanotecnología y la telefonía móvil, y la caracterización del manejo de las tecnologías emergentes en las universidades seleccionadas. Esto da la base para plantear algunas conclusiones y consideraciones, como la necesidad de que las universidades colombianas lideren el desarrollo tecnológico en el país promoviendo su impacto en el sector productivo, para lo cual requieren consolidar estructuras y políticas claras en el tema, así como una cultura en propiedad intelectual.

FITOTOXICIDADE DE HERBICIDAS PRÉ EMERGENTES EM MUDAS CLONAIS DE EUCALIPTO

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Ivan da Costa Ilhéu Fontan

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a fitotoxicidade de herbicidas pré emergentes sobre mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla, de modo a subsidiar recomendações de uso em condições de campo. O trabalho foi conduzido em viveiro de eucalipto localizado em Curvelo/MG, utilizando-se os herbicidas pré emergentes isoxaflutole, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone e clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl, simulando uma taxa de 200 l/ha de calda. O experimento foi estabelecido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. A sensibilidade dos clones foi avaliada por meio da incidência e da severidade dos sintomas de intoxicação foliar nas mudas, verificadas um, cinco e dez dias após a aplicação. Os herbicidas isoxaflutole e flumioxazin não provocaram reações adversas às mudas, permitindo sua utilização sobre as plantas. Já a pulverização de sulfentrazone e clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl provocou a manifestação de sintomas de fitotoxicidade (manchas foliares e murcha apical, e desta forma, sua aplicação não é recomendada sobre as mudas, e seu uso deve ser limitado entre as atividades de preparo de solo e plantio.

Juego emergente: ¿Nuevas formas de contar historias en videojuegos?

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Federico Peinado

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Tras treinta años de desarrollo caracterizados por la escalada en rendimiento del hardware, el mercado de los videojuegos está sufriendo una lenta transformación. Los últimos avances tecnológicos en gráficos están empezando a no ser tan decisivos como las mejoras en inteligencia artificial o las nuevas ideas de diseño. Una vez asumido el boom del mercado de los videojuegos y el crecimiento en el espectro social de jugadores, la industria y la comunidad investigadora de reciente creación se están interesando en un nuevo concepto de juego que pone la potencia actual del hardware al servicio del diseño de experiencias interactivas donde el jugador se sienta aún más involucrado. Con este nuevo concepto de juego emergente da comienzo una etapa importante en cuanto a las propiedades narrativas del videojuego: el devenir de los acontecimientos secundarios puede adaptarse al jugador, aunque la historia principal sigue necesitando del autor humano y no puede ser alterada en sus acontecimientos principales. Aún así, el juego emergente representa un esperanzador avance frente a la rígida estructura narrativa con que contaban hasta hace muy poco los videojuegos.

Role of golden jackals (Canis aureus) as natural reservoirs of Dirofilaria spp. in Romania

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Ionică, A.M.; Matei, I.A.; D’Amico, G.; Daskalaki, A.A.; Juránková, J.; Ionescu, D.T.; Mihalca, A. D.; Modrý, David; Gherman, C.M.

2016-01-01

Roč. 9, APR 28 (2016), č. článku 240. ISSN 1756-3305 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : wild carnivores * reservoir * heartworm * dirofilariases * dissemination * Romania Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 3.080, year: 2016

ESTRATEGIAS Y DESEMPEÑO DE LAS NUEVAS Y EMERGENTES EMPRESAS MULTINACIONALES MEXIANAS

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José G. Vargas-Hernández

2010-11-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza las nuevas empresas emergentes multinacionales mexicanas (MexEMNEs en el mercado global. Se analizan sus estrategias y desempeño para determinar perfiles y futuros escenarios de desarrollo. Se concluye que la innovación es clave para buscar ventajas y oportunidades en el cambio.

Zoonoses and marginalised infectious diseases of poverty: Where do we stand?

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Chaignat Claire L

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Despite growing awareness of the importance of controlling neglected tropical diseases as a contribution to poverty alleviation and achieving the Millennium Development Goals, there is a need to up-scale programmes to achieve wider public health benefits. This implementation deficit is attributable to several factors but one often overlooked is the specific difficulty in tackling diseases that involve both people and animals - the zoonoses. A Disease Reference Group on Zoonoses and Marginalised Infectious Diseases (DRG6 was convened by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR, a programme executed by the World Health Organization and co-sponsored by UNICEF, UNDP, the World Bank and WHO. The key considerations included: (a the general lack of reliable quantitative data on their public health burden; (b the need to evaluate livestock production losses and their additional impacts on health and poverty; (c the relevance of cross-sectoral issues essential to designing and implementing public health interventions for zoonotic diseases; and (d identifying priority areas for research and interventions to harness resources most effectively. Beyond disease specific research issues, a set of common macro-priorities and interventions were identified which, if implemented through a more integrated approach by countries, would have a significant impact on human health of the most marginalised populations characteristically dependent on livestock.

Public health implications of emerging zoonoses.

Science.gov (United States)

Meslin, F X; Stöhr, K; Heymann, D

2000-04-01

Many new, emerging and re-emerging diseases of humans are caused by pathogens which originate from animals or products of animal origin. A wide variety of animal species, both domestic and wild, act as reservoirs for these pathogens, which may be viruses, bacteria or parasites. Given the extensive distribution of the animal species affected, the effective surveillance, prevention and control of zoonotic diseases pose a significant challenge. The authors describe the direct and indirect implications for public health of emerging zoonoses. Direct implications are defined as the consequences for human health in terms of morbidity and mortality. Indirect implications are defined as the effect of the influence of emerging zoonotic disease on two groups of people, namely: health professionals and the general public. Professional assessment of the importance of these diseases influences public health practices and structures, the identification of themes for research and allocation of resources at both national and international levels. The perception of the general public regarding the risks involved considerably influences policy-making in the health field. Extensive outbreaks of zoonotic disease are not uncommon, especially as the disease is often not recognised as zoonotic at the outset and may spread undetected for some time. However, in many instances, the direct impact on health of these new, emerging or re-emerging zoonoses has been small compared to that of other infectious diseases affecting humans. To illustrate the tremendous indirect impact of emerging zoonotic diseases on public health policy and structures and on public perception of health risks, the authors provide a number of examples, including that of the Ebola virus, avian influenza, monkeypox and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Recent epidemics of these diseases have served as a reminder of the existence of infectious diseases and of the capacity of these diseases to occur unexpectedly in new

Psicologia do esporte: uma área emergente da psicologia

OpenAIRE

Vieira, Lenamar Fiorese; Vissoci, João Ricardo Nickenig; Oliveira, Leonardo Pestillo de; Vieira, José Luiz Lopes

2010-01-01

O artigo trata da Psicologia do Esporte, um campo de atuação emergente do psicólogo no Brasil. Faz uma análise sobre o percurso histórico da Psicologia Esportiva apresentando os campos de atuação profissional (pesquisa, ensino e intervenção), o papel do psicólogo esportivo (pesquisador, professor e consultor) e o estado científico atual dessa especialidade psicológica. Mesmo com o vasto campo de trabalho, um elemento interveniente é a diversidade de conhecimentos necessários para esta subdivi...

Poluentes Orgânicos Emergentes: Impactos e Soluções para a Saúde Humana e o Meio Ambiente

OpenAIRE

Nascimento, Lucas X; Trindade Araújo, Reginaldo; Giraldez Alvarez, Lisandro D

2015-01-01

Os Poluentes Orgânicos Emergentes (POE) formam um grupo muito heterogêneo de substâncias cuja característica comum é que causam efeitos adversos sobre os organismos aquáticos, e por isso devem ser removidos do ambiente. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral dos contaminantes emergentes detectados no ambiente aquático, e analisa os trabalhos mais atuais, a fim de refletir sobre as diversas fontes dos contaminantes, os métodos de tratamento e os riscos para a saúde humana e para o meio ambiente,...

Mapping of networks to detect priority zoonoses in Jordan

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Erin M Sorrell

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Early detection of emerging disease events is a priority focus area for cooperative bioengagement programs. Communication and coordination among national disease surveillance and response networks are essential for timely detection and control of a public health event. Although systematic information sharing between the human and animal health sectors can help stakeholders detect and respond to zoonotic diseases rapidly, resource constraints and other barriers often prevent efficient cross-sector reporting. The purpose of this research project was to map the laboratory and surveillance networks currently in place for detecting and reporting priority zoonotic diseases in Jordan in order to identify the nodes of communication, coordination, and decision-making where health and veterinary sectors intersect, and to identify priorities and gaps that limit information-sharing for action. We selected three zoonotic diseases as case studies: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5N1, rabies, and brucellosis. Through meetings with government agencies and health officials, and desk research, we mapped each system from the index case through response – including both surveillance and laboratory networks, highlighting both areas of strength and those that would benefit from capacity-building resources. Our major findings indicate informal communication exists across sectors; in the event of emergence of one of the priority zoonoses studied there is effective coordination across the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture. However, routine formal coordination is lacking. Overall, there is a strong desire and commitment for multi-sectoral coordination in detection and response to zoonoses across public health and veterinary sectors. Our analysis indicates that the networks developed in response to HPAI can and should be leveraged to develop a comprehensive laboratory and surveillance One Health network.

ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN EMERGENCE OF SYLVATIC ZOONOSES AND NIDAL DISEASES

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Shivaji Bhattacharya

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Influence of human civilization and disturbance of ecology has an important role on the evolution and emergence of new sylvatic zoonoses as well as nidal diseases.Proper study of different causes and mechanisms of escape of disease agents from their natural boundaries of niche and taking of suitable biosecurity measures for those diseases should be ensured prior to any developmental and welfare activities of human which are responsible for any kind of ecological disturbance.

Prioritizing emerging zoonoses in the Netherlands.

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Arie H Havelaar

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: To support the development of early warning and surveillance systems of emerging zoonoses, we present a general method to prioritize pathogens using a quantitative, stochastic multi-criteria model, parameterized for the Netherlands. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A risk score was based on seven criteria, reflecting assessments of the epidemiology and impact of these pathogens on society. Criteria were weighed, based on the preferences of a panel of judges with a background in infectious disease control. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Pathogens with the highest risk for the Netherlands included pathogens in the livestock reservoir with a high actual human disease burden (e.g. Campylobacter spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Coxiella burnetii or a low current but higher historic burden (e.g. Mycobacterium bovis, rare zoonotic pathogens in domestic animals with severe disease manifestations in humans (e.g. BSE prion, Capnocytophaga canimorsus as well as arthropod-borne and wildlife associated pathogens which may pose a severe risk in future (e.g. Japanese encephalitis virus and West-Nile virus. These agents are key targets for development of early warning and surveillance.

76 FR 44592 - Cooperative Agreement With the World Health Organization Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-26

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0010] Cooperative Agreement With the World Health Organization Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses in Support of... agreement with the World Health Organization. The document published stating that the total funding...

Factors associated with milk producer's awareness and practices in relation to zoonoses in northern Malawi

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Stanly Fon Tebug

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Background: Many diseases are known to be naturally transmissible between vertebrate animals, including cattle and humans. Currently, much effort is being made to promote dairy farming in Malawi but there is limited information about zoonotic diseases including public awareness and practices. This study was designed to determine factors associated with dairy producer's awareness and practices with regard to zoonoses in Northern Region of Malawi. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 140 randomly selected dairy producers between January and June 2011. Level of awareness and practices with respect to zoonotic infections was evaluated using a score ranging from 0 to 11. Chi-squared test followed by a multivariable logistic model were used to assess potential factors associated farmer's awareness and practices. Results: Awareness and practice level was unsatisfactory. Significantly higher number of respondents (75.7 vs. 32.9%,x2 = 51.81, df =1, p< 0.001 had satisfactory level of awareness when compared to those who practiced preventive measures. Awareness of the existence of zoonotic infections and practices was higher in farmers who acquired animals through loan (p =0.008, farmers with above primary education (p = 0.002 and farmers with more than six years of dairy farming experience (p= 0.010. Most farmers (59.3% received information about zoonoses through Agricultural extension services. Conclusion: Awareness and practices with respect to zoonotic infections was dependent on farmer's formal educational level, dairy farming experience and means of acquiring parent stock. Regular disease surveillance and promotion of education on the risk associated with zoonotic infections through dairy extension and medical services should result in increased awareness and efficient control of zoonoses in Malawi. [Vet World 2013; 6(5.000: 249-253

The first workshop towards the control of cestode zoonoses in Asia and Africa

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Mekonnen Sissay M

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract The first workshop towards the control of cestode zoonoses in Asia and Africa was held in Asahikawa Medical University, Japan on 15 and 16 Feb 2011. This meeting was fully supported by the Asian Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Promotion Programs sponsored by the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education Japan (MEXT for 3 years from 2010 to Akira Ito. A total of 24 researchers from 9 countries joined together and discussed the present situation and problems towards the control of cestode zoonoses. As the meeting was simultaneously for the establishment of joint international, either bilateral or multilateral collaboration projects, the main purposes were directed to 1 how to detect taeniasis/cysticercosis infected patients, 2 how to differentiate Taenia solium from two other human Taenia species, T. saginata and T. asiatica, 3 how to evaluate T. asiatica based on the evidence of hybrid and hybrid-derived adult tapeworms from Thailand and China, 4 how to evaluate T. solium and T. hyaenae and other Taenia species from the wild animals in Ethiopia, and 5 how to detect echinococcosis patients and 6 how to differentiate Echinococcus species worldwide. Such important topics are summarized in this meeting report.

Enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes: factores causales y vigilancia

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Carmen Luisa Suárez Larreinaga

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo exponer los conceptos y algunos de los factores causales más importantes en la aparición y diseminación de las enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes, así como presentar brevemente algunas de las actividades de vigilancia epidemiológica y su importancia en la detección y control de estas enfermedadesThe objective of this paper is to expound the concepts and some of the most important causal factors in the appearance and spreading of emergent and reemergent diseases, as well as to make a brief presentation of some of the epidemiological surveillance activities and their importance in the detection and control of these diseases

An overview of food safety and bacterial foodborne zoonoses in food production animals in the Caribbean region.

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Guerra, Maria Manuela Mendes; de Almeida, Andre M; Willingham, Arve Lee

2016-08-01

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) in the Caribbean have a high economic burden. Public health and tourism concerns rise along with the increasing number of cases and outbreaks registered over the last 20 years. Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Campylobacter spp. are the main bacteria associated with these incidents. In spite of undertaking limited surveillance on FBD in the region, records related to bacterial foodborne zoonoses in food-producing animals and their associated epidemiologic significance are poorly documented, giving rise to concerns about the importance of the livestock, food animal product sectors, and consumption patterns. In this review, we report the available published literature over the last 20 years on selected bacterial foodborne zoonoses in the Caribbean region and also address other food safety-related aspects (e.g., FBD food attribution, importance, surveillance), mainly aiming at recognizing data gaps and identifying possible research approaches in the animal health sector.

Scientometrics of zoonoses transmitted by the giant African snail Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822

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Pavanelli, Gilberto Cezar; Yamaguchi, Mirian Ueda; Calaça, Elaine Alves; Oda, Fabrício Hiroiuki

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The dissemination of the giant African snail Achatina fulica in several countries has triggered a great number of studies on the mollusk, including those on zoonoses related to health in humans. The current research is a scientific survey on articles published in four databases, namely, PubMed, Bireme, Scielo and Lilacs. Results indicate that Brazil has a prominent position in international scientific production on this subject, with focus on Angiostrongylus cantonensis occurrences. PMID:28423090

Scientometrics of zoonoses transmitted by the giant African snail Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822.

Science.gov (United States)

Pavanelli, Gilberto Cezar; Yamaguchi, Mirian Ueda; Calaça, Elaine Alves; Oda, Fabrício Hiroiuki

2017-04-13

The dissemination of the giant African snail Achatina fulica in several countries has triggered a great number of studies on the mollusk, including those on zoonoses related to health in humans. The current research is a scientific survey on articles published in four databases, namely, PubMed, Bireme, Scielo and Lilacs. Results indicate that Brazil has a prominent position in international scientific production on this subject, with focus on Angiostrongylus cantonensis occurrences.

Zoonoses from dogs with special reference to Egypt.

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Sabry, Abdel-Hameed A; Morsy, Ayman T A; Morsy, Tosson A

2012-12-01

A zoonosis is an animal disease that is transmissible to humans. Humans are usually an accidental host that acquires disease through close contact with an infected animal, who may or may not be symptomatic. Children are at highest risk for infection because they are more likely to have close contact with pets. Dogs are responsible for transmission of an extensive array of bacterial and parasitic zoonotic pathogens. The route of transmission can be through the feces, urine, saliva (eg, bites or contaminated scratches), or respiratory secretions of the animal, or by the dog or cat acting as a vehicle and source of tick or flea exposure or reservoir for vector borne disease. Although dogs have been implicated in transmission of zoonoses to their owners, risk of transmission from contact with dogs is low and may be further reduced by simple precautions.

Endemic zoonoses in the tropics: a public health problem hiding in plain sight.

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Halliday, Jo E B; Allan, Kathryn J; Ekwem, Divine; Cleaveland, Sarah; Kazwala, Rudovick R; Crump, John A

2015-02-28

Zoonotic diseases are a significant burden on animal and human health, particularly in developing countries. Despite recognition of this fact, endemic zoonoses often remain undiagnosed in people, instead being mistaken for febrile diseases such as malaria. Here, as part of Veterinary Record's ongoing series of articles on One Health, a multidisciplinary team of researchers from Scotland, Tanzania and New Zealand argues that a One Health approach is needed to effectively combat these diseases. British Veterinary Association.

Scientometrics of zoonoses transmitted by the giant African snail Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822

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Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The dissemination of the giant African snail Achatina fulica in several countries has triggered a great number of studies on the mollusk, including those on zoonoses related to health in humans. The current research is a scientific survey on articles published in four databases, namely, PubMed, Bireme, Scielo and Lilacs. Results indicate that Brazil has a prominent position in international scientific production on this subject, with focus on Angiostrongylus cantonensis occurrences.

The neglected zoonoses--the case for integrated control and advocacy.

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Welburn, S C; Beange, I; Ducrotoy, M J; Okello, A L

2015-05-01

The neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) have been all but eradicated in wealthier countries, but remain major causes of ill-health and mortality across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This neglect is, in part, a consequence of under-reporting, resulting in an underestimation of their global burden that downgrades their relevance to policy-makers and funding agencies. Increasing awareness about the causes of NZDs and how they can be prevented could reduce the incidence of many endemic zoonoses. Addressing NZDs by targeting the animal reservoir can deliver a double benefit, as enhanced animal health means a reduced risk of infection for humans, as well as improved livelihoods through increased animal productivity. Advocacy for NZD control is increasing, but with it comes a growing awareness that NZD control demands activities both in the short term and over a long period of time. Moreover, despite the promise of cheap, effective vaccines or other control tools, these endemic diseases will not be sustainably controlled in the near future without long-term financial commitment, particularly as disease incidence decreases and other health priorities take hold. NZD intervention costs can seem high when compared with the public health benefits alone, but these costs are easily outweighed when a full cross-sector analysis is carried out and monetary/non-monetary benefits--particularly regarding the livestock sector--are taken into account. Public-private partnerships have recently provided advocacy for human disease control, and could prove equally effective in addressing endemic zoonoses through harnessing social impact investments. Evidence of the disease burdens imposed on communities by the NZDs and demonstration of the cost-effectiveness of integrated control can strengthen the case for a One Health approach to endemic zoonotic disease control. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Sorção de poluentes orgânicos emergentes em lodo de esgoto

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Simone Bittencourt

2016-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O uso de lodo de esgoto na agricultura promove a reciclagem de nutrientes e de matéria orgânica, trazendo benefícios ao desenvolvimento vegetal e à conservação do solo e da água. No entanto, é crescente a preocupação com poluentes orgânicos que possam estar no lodo de esgoto. A presença de medicamentos (antibióticos, tranquilizantes, antiepilépticos, hormônios (naturais e sintéticos, perfumes, bactericidas, entre outros poluentes orgânicos, em diferentes compartimentos ambientais é uma questão emergente, devido à escassez de informações sobre o impacto potencial associado à sua ocorrência, seu destino e efeitos ecotoxicológicos. Esses compostos, denominados poluentes orgânicos emergentes, podem ser removidos durante o tratamento de esgoto por degradação, transformação biológica, volatilização e/ou sorção ao lodo. Esses processos são influenciados pelas propriedades físicas e químicas do poluente e pelas condições de tratamento do esgoto. Informações sobre características físico-químicas, como potencial de acidez e hidrofobicidade, são importantes para compreender os mecanismos de remoção e para adoção de medidas que favoreçam a remoção de tais poluentes, como por exemplo a alteração nas condições operacionais e/ou adoção de tecnologias. A presente revisão bibliográfica apresenta as características físico-químicas de poluentes orgânicos emergentes e seu potencial de sorção em lodo de esgoto.

Método de eliminación de trihalometanos y/o contaminantes emergentes mediante plasma

OpenAIRE

Erra Serrabasa, Pilar; Jover Comas, Eric; Molina Mansilla, Ricardo; Bertrán Serra, Enric; Bayona Termens, Josep María; Reyes Contreras, Carolina

2009-01-01

Método de eliminación de trihalometanos y/o contaminantes emergentes mediante plasma. Se describe un método de eliminación de trihalometanos y contaminantes refractarios en medios acuosos mediante la aplicación directa de plasma para conseguir la degradación de los compuestos contaminantes presentes en el agua.

Integrated health messaging for multiple neglected zoonoses: Approaches, challenges and opportunities in Morocco.

Science.gov (United States)

Ducrotoy, M J; Yahyaoui Azami, H; El Berbri, I; Bouslikhane, M; Fassi Fihri, O; Boué, F; Petavy, A F; Dakkak, A; Welburn, S; Bardosh, K L

2015-12-01

Integrating the control of multiple neglected zoonoses at the community-level holds great potential, but critical data is missing to inform the design and implementation of different interventions. In this paper we present an evaluation of an integrated health messaging intervention, using powerpoint presentations, for five bacterial (brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis) and dog-associated (rabies, cystic echinococcosis and leishmaniasis) zoonotic diseases in Sidi Kacem Province, northwest Morocco. Conducted by veterinary and epidemiology students between 2013 and 2014, this followed a process-based approach that encouraged sequential adaptation of images, key messages, and delivery strategies using auto-evaluation and end-user feedback. We describe the challenges and opportunities of this approach, reflecting on who was targeted, how education was conducted, and what tools and approaches were used. Our results showed that: (1) replacing words with local pictures and using "hands-on" activities improved receptivity; (2) information "overload" easily occurred when disease transmission pathways did not overlap; (3) access and receptivity at schools was greater than at the community-level; and (4) piggy-backing on high-priority diseases like rabies offered an important avenue to increase knowledge of other zoonoses. We conclude by discussing the merits of incorporating our validated education approach into the school curriculum in order to influence long-term behaviour change. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Informação: metodologias, temas tradicionais e discussões emergentes

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Andre Luiz Appel

2013-08-01

Full Text Available A AtoZ: novas práticas em informação e conhecimento faz sua estreia no Sistema de Avaliação Qualis-CAPES trazendo novidades em sua interface. Neste novo número a entrevista contempla os principais elementos e desafios da competência informacional, seguida de artigos que abordam a questão da informação no contexto de tecnologias emergentes; ensino de ontologias; enfoques de coleta de dados e legislações voltadas à privacidade de dados pessoais.

Zoonoses and poverty - a long road to the alleviation of suffering.

Science.gov (United States)

Seimenis, Aristarchos

2012-01-01

Populations living in poverty in the developing world suffer a heavy burden caused by infectious diseases, most of them zoonoses. The poorer populations also tend to be marginalised from the health sector and so are many of the diseases that affect them. The poor in every society, and particularly in developing countries, bear a disproportionately high share of the disease burden. There is a broad range of viral, bacterial, mycotic, chlamydial, rickettsial and parasitic diseases of global and regional importance given their major impact on the health and socio-economic development of many populations. Endemic infectious diseases, including zoonoses, together with emerging and re-emerging diseases, are mostly shouldered by poor and vulnerable populations. Livestock are important in supporting the livelihoods of poor farmers, consumers and traders throughout the developing world. The animals of poor people are particularly vulnerable to disease because of costs, absence or unsuitability of the animal health sector, etc. The impact of endemic animal diseases are mainly felt at the farm level, while a broader economic impact can occur with these diseases through the restriction of trade in livestock and their products. Addressing comprehensive and sustainable solutions to public health problems created by endemic infections cannot be achieved solely by the public health sector alone. Partnerships with other sectors, particularly agriculture, environment, education, local administration, will be necessary to contain and effectively control zoonotic and foodborne diseases that affect mainly the poor. International organisations could support developing countries by coordinating national intersectoral activities, promoting appropriate technology and public health education, community participation and encouraging decision-makers to commit themselves. This is the only perspective for improved quality of life of poor and marginalised populations.

Bacterial Zoonoses Transmitted by Household Pets : State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives for Targeted Research and Policy Actions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Damborg, P; Broens, E M|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/314627723; Chomel, B B; Guenther, S; Pasmans, F; Wagenaar, J A|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/126613354; Weese, J S; Wieler, L H; Windahl, U; Vanrompay, D; Guardabassi, L

The close contact between household pets and people offers favourable conditions for bacterial transmission. In this article, the aetiology, prevalence, transmission, impact on human health and preventative measures are summarized for selected bacterial zoonoses transmissible by household pets. Six

Bacterial zoonoses transmitted by Household pets: State of the Art and Future perspectives for targeted research and policy actions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Damborg, P.; Broens, E.M.; Chomel, B.B.; Guenther, S.; Pasmans, F.; Wagenaar, J.A.; Weese, J.S.; Wieler, L.H.; Windahl, U.; Vanrompay, D.; Guardabassi, L.

2016-01-01

The close contact between household pets and people offers favourable conditions for bacterial transmission. In this article, the aetiology, prevalence, transmission, impact on human health and preventative measures are summarized for selected bacterial zoonoses transmissible by household pets. Six

Estrategias de aprendizaje emergentes en la modalidad e-learning

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Luis Demetrio Meza-López

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue sistematizar las estrategias de aprendizaje que implementa el alumno de la modalidad e-learning. La problemática fue abordada desde una perspectiva cualitativa utilizando el método de la teoría fundamentada y la técnica de entrevista en profundidad. Se diseñó una plataforma tecnológica propia para realizar el trabajo de campo con entrevistas online, procesando los videos con un software de análisis cualitativo. La validez y confiabilidad de las categorías emergentes fue verificada mediante la saturación de los datos y trianguladas con un constructo teórico propio elaborado con referentes de Weinstein y Meyer (1998, Pintrich, García y Mckeachie (1991 y Tsai (2009. Los resultados muestran que hay una dimensión de estrategias de aprendizaje en la modalidad e-learning en donde el factor de gestión tiene gran influencia para regular el proceso sobre todo en el uso del tiempo y la administración de las estrategias. El factor de autorregulación considerando la metacognición y la adaptabilidad juegan un papel esencial, al igual que el factor sicológico de la motivación y la concentración, aunado al factor de usos de la tecnología en la selección y utilización de los medios tecnológicos. El aporte devela la forma con la que se adaptan estrategias emergentes de aprendizaje en la educación virtual en México y la posibilidad de que se conviertan en líneas de investigación para el contexto de América Latina.

Difteria pelo Corynebacterium ulcerans: uma zoonose emergente no Brasil e no mundo

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Alexandre Alves de Souza de Oliveira Dias

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo revisa a literatura sobre a emergência de infecções humanas causadas por Corynebacterium ulcerans em diversos países, incluindo o Brasil. Foi realizada análise de artigos publicados entre 1926 e 2011 nas bases Medline/PubMed e SciELO, bem como artigos e informes do Ministério da Saúde. Apresenta-se um esquema de triagem, rápido, econômico e de fácil execução, capaz de permitir a realização do diagnóstico presuntivo de C. ulcerans e C. diphtheriae na maioria dos laboratórios brasileiros públicos e privados. A circulação de C. ulcerans em vários países, aliada aos recentes casos de isolamento do patógeno no Rio de Janeiro, é um alerta a clínicos, veterinários e microbiologistas sobre a ocorrência de difteria zoonótica e a circulação do C. ulcerans em regiões urbanas e rurais do território nacional e/ou da América Latina.

The geo-spatial information infrastructure at the Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, University of Ibadan, Nigeria: an emerging sustainable One-Health pavilion.

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Olugasa, B O

2014-12-01

The World-Wide-Web as a contemporary means of information sharing offers a platform for geo-spatial information dissemination to improve education about spatio-temporal patterns of disease spread at the human-animal-environment interface in developing countries of West Africa. In assessing the quality of exposure to geospatial information applications among students in five purposively selected institutions in West Africa, this study reviewed course contents and postgraduate programmes in zoonoses surveillance. Geospatial information content and associated practical exercises in zoonoses surveillance were scored.. Seven criteria were used to categorize and score capability, namely, spatial data capture; thematic map design and interpretation; spatio-temporal analysis; remote sensing of data; statistical modelling; the management of spatial data-profile; and web-based map sharing operation within an organization. These criteria were used to compute weighted exposure during training at the institutions. A categorical description of institution with highest-scoring of computed Cumulative Exposure Point Average (CEPA) was based on an illustration with retrospective records of rabies cases, using data from humans, animals and the environment, that were sourced from Grand Bassa County, Liberia to create and share maps and information with faculty, staff, students and the neighbourhood about animal bite injury surveillance and spatial distribution of rabies-like illness. Uniformly low CEPA values (0-1.3) were observed across academic departments. The highest (3.8) was observed at the Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses (CCPZ), University of Ibadan, Nigeria, where geospatial techniques were systematically taught, and thematic and predictive maps were produced and shared online with other institutions in West Africa. In addition, a short course in zoonosis surveillance, which offers inclusive learning in geospatial applications, is taught at CCPZ. The paper

A Adoção da Inovação Aberta Dentro da Estratégia de Internacionalização de Empresas Multinacionais de Economias Emergentes

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Franciane Freitas Silveira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Com o aumento da relevância dos países emergentes na economia global, acelerou-se o processo de internacionalização das empresas oriundas desses países. Isso pode ser constatado pelo aumento do fluxo de IDE (Investimento Direto Estrangeiro provenientes de empresas de mercados emergentes. Apesar das similaridades com as empresas tradicionais, a literatura indica que as multinacionais emergentes lançam mão de estratégias diferenciadas para traçar sua trajetória de atuação além fronteiras. A partir dessa perspectiva, este estudo exploratório analisa o processo de verticalização e desverticalização das empresas enfocando, sobretudo, a mudança atual do paradigma de inovação, conhecida como inovação aberta. Com base nesse panorama, avaliam-se as estratégias das multinacionais emergentes e o papel de suas subsidiárias, com o intuito compreender como se dá o processo de dispersão das atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D ao longo do processo de internacionalização dessas empresas, e mais particularmente as empresas brasileiras. O estudo mostra, por meio de comparação de estudos teóricos, que o paradigma da inovação aberta traz vantagens para as corporações multinacionais emergentes que o adotam em seus processos de internacionalização das atividades de P&D, mas que as empresas brasileiras não parecem estar se aproveitando em toda sua potencialidade.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.126

Psicologia do esporte: uma área emergente da psicologia Psicología del deporte: un area emergente de la psicología Sport psychology: an emergent field in psychology

OpenAIRE

Lenamar Fiorese Vieira; João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci; Leonardo Pestillo de Oliveira; José Luiz Lopes Vieira

2010-01-01

O artigo trata da Psicologia do Esporte, um campo de atuação emergente do psicólogo no Brasil. Faz uma análise sobre o percurso histórico da Psicologia Esportiva apresentando os campos de atuação profissional (pesquisa, ensino e intervenção), o papel do psicólogo esportivo (pesquisador, professor e consultor) e o estado científico atual dessa especialidade psicológica. Mesmo com o vasto campo de trabalho, um elemento interveniente é a diversidade de conhecimentos necessários para esta subdivi...

Descriptive study of enteric zoonoses in Ontario, Canada, from 2010 – 2012

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Yvonne Whitfield

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Contact with animals and their environment has long been recognized as an important source of enteric zoonoses. However, there are limited data available on the burden of illness associated with specific types of animals in Canada. This study describes the overall burden of enteric zoonoses in Ontario, Canada from 2010 to 2012. Methods Confirmed cases of seven enteric zoonotic diseases (campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC infection, and yersiniosis with episode dates from 2010 to 2012 were extracted from the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS. Reported exposures were categorized as animal contact, foodborne, waterborne and ‘other’, with animal contact grouped into nine sub-categories based on the type of animal or transmission setting. Overall incidence rates and proportions by animal exposure categories, age and sex-specific incidence rates and hospitalization and death proportions were calculated and sex proportions compared. Results Our study found that approximately 26% of the enteric pathogens assessed during the 2010 to 2012 period reported contact with animals and their environments as the mode of transmission. Of enteric disease cases reporting animal contact, farm exposures were reported for 51.3%, dog or cat exposures for 26.3%, and reptile or amphibian exposures for 8.9%. Conclusions Contact with animals was reported more frequently during the period 2010 to 2012 in comparison to the period 1997 to 2003 when 6% or less of enteric cases were associated with animal contact. Public health professionals, stakeholders associated with animals and their related industries (e.g., pet treats, mobile zoos, abattoirs, and the public should recognize that animal contact is an important source of enteric illnesses in order to take measures to reduce the burden of illness from animal sources.

Zoonoses and poverty – a long road to the alleviation of suffering

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Aristarchos Seimenis

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Populations living in poverty in the developing world suffer a heavy burden caused by infectious diseases, most of them zoonoses. The poorer populations also tend to be marginalised from the health sector and so are many of the diseases that affect them. The poor in every society, and particularly in developing countries, bear a disproportionately high share of the disease burden. There is a broad range of viral, bacterial, mycotic, chlamydial, rickettsial and parasitic diseases of global and regional importance given their major impact on the health and socio-economic development of many populations. Endemic infectious diseases, including zoonoses, together with emerging and re-emerging diseases, are mostly shouldered by poor and vulnerable populations. Livestock are important in supporting the livelihoods of poor farmers, consumers and traders throughout the developing world. The animals of poor people are particularly vulnerable to disease because of costs, absence or unsuitability of the animal health sector, etc. The impact of endemic animal diseases are mainly felt at the farm level, while a broader economic impact can occur with these diseases through the restriction of trade in livestock and their products. Addressing comprehensive and sustainable solutions to public health problems created by endemic infections cannot be achieved solely by the public health sector alone. Partnerships with other sectors, particularly agriculture, environment, education, local administration, will be necessary to contain and effectively control zoonotic and foodborne diseases that affect mainly the poor. International organisations could support developing countries by coordinating national intersectoral activities, promoting appropriate technology and public health education, community participation and encouraging decision-makers to commit themselves. This is the only perspective for improved quality of life of poor and marginalised populations.

Costo de servir como variable de decisión estratégica en el diseño de estrategias de atención a canales de mercados emergentes

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Christopher Mejía Argueta

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo documentar diferentes enfoques tradicionales sobre el análisis de costos para mercados emergentes a fin de hallar brechas y áreas de oportunidad relacionadas con la temática del costo de servir. El artículo encuentra que no existe una metodología adaptada para mercados emergentes que permita analizar detalladamente la rentabilidad en canales, clientes y productos para crear estrategias de atención acordes con las necesidades que estos grupos expresan. Al final de la revisión y contraste de metodologías, se explica una tabla con los procedimientos analizados y las áreas de oportunidad más importantes que servirán de base para la creación de una metodología de costo de servir para mercados emergentes.

Movimientos sociales emergentes y nuevas maneras de educar

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Elsie Rockwell

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es argumentar que los movimientos sociales recientes nos obligan a tomar en serio tanto la profunda desigualdad social, como la diversidad cultural y social generada por recientes cambios en la economía y por proyectos alternativos de vida y formación. Sobre el trasfondo de la formación histórica de la clase trabajadora, un tema recurrente ha sido la esperanza de transformar la sociedad mediante la formación del "hombre nuevo". Sin embargo, la economía capitalista global reciente ha generado una clase trabajadora cada vez más fragmentada y desposeída. En respuesta, se forman nuevos sujetos sociales que retoman recursos y prácticas culturales existentes para fortalecer los movimientos sociales emergentes. Concluyo que el reconocimiento de estos movimientos sociales y procesos de formación ha transformado el pensamiento Iluminista, dando lugar a otras maneras de pensar y actuar en los procesos educativos.

Los países emergentes en el G-20 y la política seguida por Argentina

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Roberto Miranda

2017-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza la presencia de los países emergentes en la gobernanza global a través de la participación desplegada por ellos en el G-20, con el fin de identificar la posición de Argentina en este ámbito multilateral, y determinar el uso que hizo de su poder como potencia media. Para cumplir con este objetivo consideramos las cumbres de jefes de Estado y de Gobierno del G-20, desde la primera realizada en Washington, en 2008, hasta la novena llevada a cabo en Brisbane, en 2014. Observamos que más allá de las diferencias y disputa de intereses, países desarrollados y emergentes convergieron en sostener las Viejas instituciones internacionales como el FMI. Argentina, de participación intensa en las cumbres pero sin una estrategia de influencia, quedó fuera de esta coincidencia y perdió poder en las reformas producidas en los medios multilaterales de crédito.

Elementos para uma abordagem das dimensões esquemática e emergente do discurso

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Gustavo Ximenes Cunha

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta apontamentos para uma abordagem que situe, em um quadro teórico unificado, as noções de gêneros do discurso, contexto, tipos de discurso e sequências discursivas. Adotando uma perspectiva sócio-interacionista dos estudos da linguagem e buscando contribuições do Modelo de Análise Modular do Discurso, partimos da hipótese de que, ao longo de uma interação, duas ordens de restrições regulam a maneira como os interactantes elaboram suas produções discursivas. A primeira é de ordem esquemática e diz respeito às expectativas de natureza sócio-histórica que nos fazem saber como agir por meio da linguagem. A segunda ordem de restrições é emergente e corresponde aos parâmetros contextuais que exercem papel sobre as ações linguageiras de fato realizadas. Tomando como base empírica de nossa exposição o tipo narrativo do gênero reportagem e a forma como esse tipo se manifesta em uma sequência narrativa específica, buscamos mostrar que, no curso de uma interação, as dimensões esquemática e emergente do discurso são constante e dinamicamente confrontadas pelos interactantes.

O fluxo de capital para as economias emergentes e o grau de desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro

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Katia Rocha

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel do sistema financeiro doméstico como mitigador de eventos de paradas súbitas e condicionante de fluxos de capital de um grupo de 14 economias emergentes no período de 1999-2013, em especial em face de cenários externos desfavoráveis como aumento dos juros internacionais e aversão ao risco global. Os países analisados - Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Indonésia, Malásia, México, Peru, Filipinas, Rússia, África do Sul, Tailândia, Turquia e Ucrânia representavam, em agosto de 2014, aproximadamente 80% do índice EMBIPLUS e 60% do índice EMBIGLOBAL. Procurou-se distinguir o efeito sobre diversos tipos de fluxos de capital: Fluxo de entrada de Investimento Externo Direto, Fluxo de entrada de Investimento em Carteira e Fluxo Líquido, com análise de robustez para período desde 1990 e aumento do número de países emergentes. O principal resultado suporta evidências que o fortalecimento do sistema financeiro doméstico - medido com a capitalização bursátil em proporção do PIB - propicia aumento dos fluxos de entrada de capital de todos os tipos de fluxos em todos os modelos analisados, reduzindo a probabilidade de ocorrência de parada súbita do fluxo de Investimento Externo Direto e em alguns casos do fluxo de Carteira, o que motiva políticas públicas que incentivem o desenvolvimento e fortalecimento deste setor. Estimativas também destacam o papel dos fundamentos domésticos, tão importantes quanto os fatores globais nos condicionantes de fluxo de capital e na ocorrência paradas súbitas. Este fato motiva políticas públicas que incentivem o fortalecimento e desenvolvimento das instituições nos países emergentes, e ressalta o papel dos governos na captação de recursos externos.

Sociedad y posibilidades tecnológicas emergentes

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Chaparro Mendivelso Jeffer

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ”NTIC” están generando cambios trascendentales en la sociedad y el territorio. Se están imbricando diferencialmente en todas las actividades de la vida humana, mediando desde los flujos económicos globales hasta las relaciones personales individuales. Paralelamente se están propiciando profundas alteraciones en términos de la concepción del mundo y del lugar, de lo material y lo inmaterial, de lo real y lo virtual, de lo utópico y lo imaginario, de lo orgánico y lo artificial. Emergen nociones y conceptos diversos perocomplementarios que van desde la idea de ciberespacio hasta la de Internet como un "actante" con propiedades emergentes inquietantes, pasando por la inteligencia colectiva en red y los cyborg como nuevo estadio del devenir humano. Las implicaciones derivadas de las NTIC se perfilan como una línea interesante "y poco exploradas" de trabajo e investigación en geografía ya que, evidentemente, losprocesos y las dinámicas socioterritoriales cada vez se median más por lo digital.

EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2014. The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in 2012

OpenAIRE

Korsgaard, Helle; Helwigh, Birgitte; Sørensen, Anna Irene Vedel; Skiby, Jeffrey Edward; Borck Høg, Birgitte

2014-01-01

Zoonoses are infections and diseases that are naturally transmissible, directly or indirectly, for example via contaminated foodstuffs, between animals and humans. The severity of these diseases in humans varies from subclinical infection or mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions. In order to prevent zoonoses from occurring, it is important to identify which animals and foodstuffs are the main sources of infection. For this purpose information aimed at protecting human health is collect...

Tecnologías emergentes en la educación: una experiencia de formación de docentes que fomenta el diseño de ambientes de aprendizaje

OpenAIRE

Boude Figueredo, Oscar Rafael

2013-01-01

Este texto describe los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia de formación de docentes, que son estudiantes de la Maestría en Informática Educativa de la Universidad de La Sabana, dentro de la asignatura electiva Tecnologías Emergentes en la Educación, que cuyo objetivo es: "ofrecer al estudiante un espacio de reflexión y conceptualización sobre las principales tecnologías emergentes (TE) y sus usos en la educación". Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra que los estudiantes analiza...

Custo de capital próprio em mercados emergentes: uma abordagem empírica no Brasil com o downside risk

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Graziela Xavier Fortunato

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Este artigo visa testar empiricamente a proposta de Estrada (2000 para as empresas que compoem o Ibovespa, avaliando se para mercados emergentes existem outras medidas de risco sistematico diferentes do beta do capital asset pricing model (CAPM. Dessa forma, testou-se o downside risk que capta a parte negativa do retorno. Alem de dados em cross section, utilizaram-se dados em painel, como uma contribuição adicional ao trabalho de Estrada (2000. Os resultados encontrados não confirmam que o downside risk seja uma medida apropriada ao mercado brasileiro. Outras medidas de risco apresentaram melhor correlacao com o retorno, permitindo o calculo do custo de capital com valor diferente daquele obtido pela aplicacao do beta. De acordo com Estrada (2000, os resultados sugerem que os mercados emergentes estao em posicao intermediaria entre os mercados integrados e segmentados, tal como confirmado para o mercado brasileiro.

Causalidade entre os retornos de mercados de capitais emergentes e desenvolvidos Causality between stock return rates: emerging versus developed capital markets

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Wagner Moura Lamounier

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Utilizando-se de instrumentais estatísticos para a análise de séries temporais, procurou-se verificar as relações entre os retornos dos principais mercados de capitais emergentes e dos principais mercados desenvolvidos. A amostra foi divida em dois períodos: entre 1995-2002 e entre 2003-2005, tendo em vista os momentos distintos dos mercados quanto à vulnerabilidade externa. No primeiro momento, apesar das diversas crises econômicas, verificou-se que apenas o retorno do mercado emergente da Rússia sofreu grandes impactos ante os choques dos retornos dos outros mercados. Entre 2003-2005, no entanto, os retornos de outros mercados emergentes, como o do Brasil e o do México, responderam de forma significativa aos choques nos retornos dos demais mercados analisados.Using statistical instruments for the analysis of time series, - this work aims to verify the relation of returns of stock investments between the main emerging and the developed capital markets. The sample was divided in two periods: 1995-2002 and 2003-2005, in view of their different external vulnerability moments. At the beginning, - in spite of - several economic crises, only Russia’s stock market returns - suffered great impacts, compared with those at other markets’. Between 2003-2005, however, the returns of other emerging markets, as Brazil’s and Mexico’s, answered in a more significant form to the shocks in the returns of other markets.

TEORIAS DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO EM PAÍSES EMERGENTES: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA

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WALTER F. ARAUJO DE MORAES

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo são apresentadas e discutidas sete teorias de internacionalização, a saber: oModelo do Ciclo de Vida do Produto, Uppsala – Escola Nórdica de Negócios Internacionais,Relacionado à Inovação, Escolha Adaptativa, Paradigma Eclético de Internalização (OLI,Modelo de Internacionalização Baseado em Recursos (RBV e o Modelo Diamante. Oobjetivo é analisar criticamente estas teorias, propondo uma união entre alguns de seusconceitos-chave para um melhor entendimento do processo de internacionalização incluindo acontexto dos países emergentes. Ademais, questiona-se a aplicação destes modelos, elaboradosem países desenvolvidos, em países emergentes sem uma análise crítica, buscando-se aconvergência sem a percepção dos diferentes contextos e timing de internacionalização, já queo protecionismo instaurado tornou tardia a entrada destes países no mercado internacional.

Rats, cities, people, and pathogens: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature regarding the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses in urban centers.

Science.gov (United States)

Himsworth, Chelsea G; Parsons, Kirbee L; Jardine, Claire; Patrick, David M

2013-06-01

Urban Norway and black rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) are the source of a number of pathogens responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in cities around the world. These pathogens include zoonotic bacteria (Leptospira interrogans, Yersina pestis, Rickettsia typhi, Bartonella spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis), viruses (Seoul hantavirus), and parasites (Angiostrongylus cantonensis). A more complete understanding of the ecology of these pathogens in people and rats is critical for determining the public health risks associated with urban rats and for developing strategies to monitor and mitigate those risks. Although the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses is complex, due to the multiple ways in which rats, people, pathogens, vectors, and the environment may interact, common determinants of human disease can still be identified. This review summarizes the ecology of zoonoses associated with urban rats with a view to identifying similarities, critical differences, and avenues for further study.

Bioética global y pensamiento complejo. Hacia una emergente manera de ser

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Sergio Néstor Osorio García

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La Bioética global como el pensamiento complejo sólo pueden entenderse en su novedad, si las comprendemos como estrategias emergentes que buscan enfrentar y responder a los desafíos de nuestra era planetaria. Desafíos que retan como nunca nuestra creatividad histórica para habitar la tierra. La consolidación y desarrollo de estas dos importantes estrategias del pensamiento y la acción, nos podrían ayudar en la construcción de un mundo más decente para los humanos y menos destructivo para con los ecosistemas no-humanos.

Zoonoses from pets horses, donkeys and mules: with special references to Egypt.

Science.gov (United States)

Morsy, Ayman T A; Saleh, Mostafa S M; Morsy, Tosson A

2014-04-01

A zoonosis is an animal disease that is transmissible to humans. Humans are usually an accidental host that acquires disease through close contact with an infected animal, who may or may not be symptomatic. Children are at highest risk for infection because they are more likely to have close contact with pets. Pets are responsible for transmission of an extensive array of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic zoonotic pathogens. The route of transmission can be through the saliva (e.g., bites or contaminated scratches), feces, respiratory secretions, direct contact, or by the animal acting as a vehicle and source of tick or flea exposure. Although pets have been implicated in transmission of zoonoses to their owners, risk of transmission from contact with pets is low and may be further reduced by simple precautions.

Caracterización genotípica y fenotípica de cepas emergentes de Escherichia coli aisladas de niños con diarrea en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana, Colombia

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Monica Yurley Arias Guerrero

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas en salud pública en países en desarrollo. Dentro de los agentes infecciosos que causan esta enfermedad se encuentran bacterias, virus y parásitos. Los agentes bacterianos ocupan un segundo lugar destacándose Escherichia coli enteropatógenas entre las más importantes. Actualmente, seis cepas con diferentes mecanismos de patogenicidad están asociados a diarrea  E. coli enteropatógena (ECEP, productora de toxina-shiga (ECTS, enterotoxigénica (ECET, enteroinvasiva (ECEI, enteroagregativa (ECEA y adherente difusa (ECAD, cada una con un set específico de genes de virulencia. No obstante, se han reportado brotes de EDA ocasionados por cepas de E. coli diferentes a los patotipos conocidos, denominadas cepas emergentes. Estos brotes han sido reportados en Alemania, Europa y recientemente en Cartagena Colombia, lo que sugiere que en nuestro medio circulan estas cepas. Por lo cual, es necesario caracterizar estas cepas emergentes. Objetivo: Caracterizar genotípicamente y fenotípicamente dos cepas emergentes de E. coli aisladas de muestras diarreicas en niños menores de cinco años en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: De un estudio de casos y controles realizado entre Julio del 2013 y diciembre del 2014 en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana, Colombia a 860 niños menores de 5 años con diarrea (casos y sin diarrea (controles. Se aislaron a partir de coprocultivos cepas de E. coli mediante pruebas bioquímicas. A estas cepas previamente almacenadas a -80°C se les determino mediante PCR multiplex los patotipos de E. coli, los cuales posteriormente fueron confirmados mediante PCR simple. Muestras positivas para dos patotipos u otra característica fueron clasificadas como cepas emergentes. Finalmente, estas cepas se caracterizaron fenotípica y genotípicamente. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo pruebas como secuenciación de genes de

Formas duradouras e formas emergentes de trabalho precário entre os jornalistas brasileiros

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Jeferson Bertolini

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo busca dimensionar o conceito de trabalho precário entre os jornalistas brasileiros. O texto indica que a categoria sempre esteve exposta a formas precárias de trabalho, mas que o problema se agravou nos últimos 10 anos, com as tecnologias digitais: elas redefiniram o perfil do profissional e reordenaram o modelo de negócio das empresas do setor. O manuscrito, baseado em levantamento bibliográfico e experiência de campo, lista oito formas duradouras e oito formas emergentes de trabalho precário no jornalismo.

[Assessment and prevention of zoonoses: "one health approach"].

Science.gov (United States)

Bonizzi, Luigi; Guarino, Marcella; Roncada, Paola; Colosio, Claudio

2013-01-01

Zoonotic pathologies represent diseases that can be transmittable from animals to humans and vice versa. In most cases zoonotic agents are bacteria or viruses and represent a huge problem for health. Zoonosis could represent easily solvable diseases such as simple infections or even deathly such as prion infections. They could be directly transmittable as tuberculosis or brucellosis or indirectly transmittable through vectors as biological fluids or foods from animal production. The increasing production and the globalization of animal food production have caused the spread of zoonosis worldwide turning this topic into a global problem. It is necessary to enforce the actual scientific collaboration between all countries in order to counteract the spread of these pathologies. About this topic WHO, FAO and OIE took part to the world project "one health" highlighting as most important topics the research on Rabies virus, influenza virus and on antibiotic resistance. In particular antibiotic resistance represents one of the most important topics of the last decade due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, from animal production to human health. This last topic represents a serious problem for health system worldwide. This paper is mainly based on zoonoses such as avian flu, BSE and brucellosis and will describe the strategies used to limit their expansion.

Procesos de ozonación fotocatalítica para eliminar contaminantes emergentes de aguas residuales urbanas

OpenAIRE

Espejo Morán, María Azahara

2016-01-01

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la degradación de distintos contaminantes emergentes (CEs) añadidos a un agua residual urbana mediante procesos químicos integrados secuencialmente como etapa previa o etapa terciaria a un tratamiento biológico aerobio convencional por fangos activos. Los compuestos seleccionados son acetaminofeno, antipirina, bisfenol A, cafeína, carbamazepina, diclofenaco, hidroclorotiazida, ketorolaco, metoprolol, sulfametoxazol y testosterona. Estos CEs se eligieron ya que ...

LA FORMACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DELIBERADAS Y EMERGENTES: UNA PROPUESTA A PARTIR DE DEFINICIONES BÁSICAS DE UNA METODOLOGÍA DE SISTEMAS SUAVES

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IVÁN ALONSO MONTOYA RESTREPO

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La propuesta teórica que se presenta, se relaciona con la formación de la estrategia desde una pers - pectiva evolutiva y con conexiones entre estrategias deliberadas y emergentes, gracias al empleo de definiciones básicas o raíces, empleando la metodología de sistemas suaves SSM propuesta por Checkland & Scholes (1994. Para ello se propone la interacción de entes “autónomos” y semió - ticos (agentes, organizaciones y entorno en los sistemas real y representacional de interacciones. Estas nociones permiten la elaboración de los conceptos de decisión, actuación e intencionalidad. Se reelaboran las nociones de estrategia deliberada y emergente y se detalla un ciclo de operación entre tales tipos de estrategia.

Un concepto emergente de planeación

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Jorge Sánchez Buitrago

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es sustentar un concepto emergente de planeación derivado del desarrollo de la investigación titulada: “Hacia un paradigma emergente de la planeación: Resignificación desde las instituciones universitarias”. El principal objetivo es el de aportar en el sostenimiento de una racionalidad alternativa de la planeación, a partir de la lectura de algunos de los principales conceptos que están  determinando el salto paradigmático de la ciencia contemporánea. En este sentido se hace una valoración crítica de las actuales tensiones y agotamientos teóricos y prácticos de la planeación, como sustento para el establecimiento de bases conceptuales de nuevos procesos planeación.Generalmente las nuevas propuestas de planeación, en particular las del ámbito educativo y de los escenarios universitarios, se han gestado desde intencionalidades instrumentalistas y materializado en metodologías operativas que poco o nada se ocupan de hacer evidente su fundamentación conceptual; lo que conduce al planificador a un aprisionamiento epistemológico, por cuanto en ausencia de reflexiones teóricas sólidas es difícil superar los modelos de planeación cuando éstos se tornan obsoletos. Se espera que a partir de esta reflexión sobre la naturaleza de la planeación se generen procesos de transformación de prácticas de planeación en las organizaciones educativas, en especial en las universidades.Palabras Clave: Concepto de planeación; problemas de planeación; tipos de planeación; paradigma alternativo de planeación. An emerging concept of planningAbstractThis article briefly describes the discussion of an emerging concept for planning, which is derived from the research entitled “Towards an emerging paradigm in planning: re-conceptualization for higher education institutions. ” The main purpose is to supply the grounds for an alternative rationality in planning, taking into account some of the significant

De cómo la realidad puede tomar parte en juegos emergentes

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Federico Peinado

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es un estudio del fenómeno de la utilización de elementos reales en aplicaciones software de entretenimiento. De manera más o menos explícita y significativa, este fenómeno se encuentra en la experiencia de juego de numerosos juguetes y experimentos digitales, así como de algunos videojuegos comerciales de gran popularidad; es interesante conocer, por tanto, sus implicaciones estéticas y funcionales a la hora de diseñar interfaces y sistemas de jugabilidad emergente, así como la posible evolución que este fenómeno de la realidad como componente lúdico puede sufrir en los próximos años.

ZOONOSIS EMERGENTES LIGADAS A ANIMALES DE COMPAÑÍA EN LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID: DISEÑO DE UN MÉTODO PARA ESTABLECER PRIORIDADES EN SALUD PÚBLICA

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Almudena García Nieto

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La emergencia y re-emergencia de enfermedades infecciosas revisten una gran preocupación en Salud Pública. Las peculiaridades socio-demográficas de la Comunidad de Madrid hacen que deba prestarse una mayor atención a las zoonosis transmitidas por animales de compañía. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron mejorar el conocimiento de las zoonosis emergentes y re-emergentes transmitidas por animales de compañía y el diseño de un método para la priorización de éstas. Métodos: A partir de las enfermedades recogidas de fuentes oficiales, laboratorios y revisión bibliográfica se aplicó un método de cuantificación y ponderación diseñado por el grupo de trabajo y adaptado a la especificidad del estudio. Resultados: Del análisis de 137 enfermedades, 24 cumplieron los criterios de admisión. El método de ponderación se refleja en una tabla que recoge once criterios de puntuación, sus categorías y los coeficientes adoptados. La Salmonelosis fue la enfermedad que ocupó el primer lugar, seguida de Fiebre Q, Tularemia e Infección por Hantavirus. Conclusiones: Se ha diseñado un método de evaluación específico de enfermedades emergentes y re-emergentes que permite establecer prioridades en el campo de la planificación en Salud Pública. El presente estudio aporta una relación, por orden de importancia, de 24 zoonosis sobre las que se deberán plantear nuevas líneas estratégicas para su investigación y/o control.

Incursión de tecnologías emergentes en una escuela pública de Negocios de México

OpenAIRE

Madrigal Lozano, María Magdalena; Hernández Moreno, Laura Alicia; López Solórzano, Juan Gabriel; Merla González, Alma Elizabeth

2017-01-01

En el presente artículo se describen los resultados obtenidos de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo de alcance transeccional realizado para conocer la realidad del uso, producción e investigación de las tecnologías emergentes MOOC, Gamificación y Realidad Aumentada en los procesos educativos de los programas relacionados con la profesión de negocios. En particular se aplicó un instrumento de medic...

[Parasitic zoonoses transmitted by drinking water. Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Exner, M; Gornik, V

2004-07-01

Nowadays, the parasitic zoonose organisms Giardia lamblia und Cryptosporidium spp. are among the most relevant pathogens of drinking water-associated disease outbreaks. These pathogens are transmitted via a fecal-oral route; in both cases the dose of infection is low. Apart from person-to-person or animal-to-person transmissions, the consumption of contaminated food and water are further modes of transmission. The disease is mainly characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. In industrialized countries, the prevalence rate of giardiasis is 2-5 % and of cryptosporidiosis 1-3%. Throughout the world, a large number of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis outbreaks associated with drinking water were published; in 2001 the first case in Germany was identified. Giardia and Cryptosporidium are detected in surface water and sporadically in unprotected groundwater. Use of these waters for drinking water abstraction makes high demands on the technology of the treatment process: because of the disinfectant resistance of the parasites, safe elimination methods are needed, which even at high contamination levels of source water guarantee safe drinking water. Further measures for prevention and control are implementation of the HACCP concept, which includes the whole chain of procedures of drinking water supply from catchment via treatment to tap and a quality management system.

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

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Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a partir de las concentraciones de los fármacos mediante variables lingüísticas definidas por medio de funciones de pertenencia trapezoidales, y el conjunto borroso de salida comprende la magnitud del impacto definida a través de una función de pertenencia triangular. Posteriormente, se obtuvo una valoración (en escala de 0 a 100 para concentraciones de fármacos máximas y promedios presentes en el agua residual, y por último, con estos valores se determina la magnitud del impacto ambiental a través del sistema de inferencia borrosa diseñado. El tratamiento borroso es útil para valorar los impactos ambientales en aguas residuales de contaminantes emergentes como los compuestos farmacéuticos.

Lassa fever or lassa hemorrhagic fever risk to humans from rodent-borne zoonoses.

Science.gov (United States)

El-Bahnasawy, Mamdouh M; Megahed, Laila Abdel-Mawla; Abdalla Saleh, Hala Ahmed; Morsy, Tosson A

2015-04-01

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) typically manifest as rapidly progressing acute febrile syndromes with profound hemorrhagic manifestations and very high fatality rates. Lassa fever, an acute hemorrhagic fever characterized by fever, muscle aches, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and chest and abdominal pain. Rodents are important reservoirs of rodent-borne zoonosis worldwide. Transmission rodents to humans occur by aerosol spread, either from the genus Mastomys rodents' excreta (multimammate rat) or through the close contact with infected patients (nosocomial infection). Other rodents of the genera Rattus, Mus, Lemniscomys, and Praomys are incriminated rodents hosts. Now one may ask do the rodents' ectoparasites play a role in Lassa virus zoonotic transmission. This paper summarized the update knowledge on LHV; hopping it might be useful to the clinicians, nursing staff, laboratories' personals as well as those concerned zoonoses from rodents and rodent control.

Food Safety: At the Center of a One Health Approach for Combating Zoonoses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wielinga, Pieter; Schlundt, Jørgen

2013-01-01

in three major classes: parasites, bacteria, and viruses. While parasites often relate to very specific animal hosts and contribute significantly to the human disease burden, virus have often been related to major, well-published global outbreaks, e.g. SARS and avian- and swine-influenza. The bacterial...... international organizations and national agricultural-and health authorities in most countries, for instance as was the case with avian influenza. Other diseases relate to the industrialized food production chain and have been-in some settings-dealt with efficiently through farm-to-fork preventive action......Food Safety is at the center of One Health. Many, if not most, of all important zoonoses relate in some way to animals in the food production chain. Therefore, the food becomes an important vehicle for many, but not all, of these zoonotic pathogens. One of the major issues in food safety over...

Revisión global de los contaminantes emergentes PBDE y el caso particular de México

OpenAIRE

Rocha-Gutiérrez, Beatriz Adriana; Peralta-Pérez, María del Rosario; Zavala-Díaz de la Serna, Francisco Javier

2015-01-01

Los éteres de bifenilos polibromados (PBDE, por sus siglas en inglés) son un grupo específico de contaminantes emergentes que se caracterizan por ser lipofílicos, hidrofóbicos, bioacumulables y resistentes a la biodegradación. La familia de PBDE consiste de 209 isómeros o congéneres y su estructura química, persistencia y distribución en el ambiente siguen patrones muy similares a los polibromobifenilos (PBB) y a los policlorobifenilos (PCB). El uso principal de los PBDE es como retardantes d...

Eliminación de contaminantes emergentes mediante adsorción empleando xerogeles de carbón

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Álvarez, Silvia; Ribeiro, Rui; Gomes, Helder; Sotelo, José; Garcia, Juan

2014-01-01

En la actualidad el número de sustancias quimicas potencialmente peligrosas que pueden lIegar a alcanzar el medio ambiente es muy amplio, por lo que la atención en la investigación de la contaminación dei agua se ha extendido recientemente a lo que se denomina contaminación emergente; es decir, la contaminación causada por sustancias químicas de origen y propiedades muy diversas, en concentraciones muy bajas, y que persisten en las aguas residuales tras el tratamiento de éstas ...

Una gramática emergente ¿internet como cultura o artefacto?

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Mireya Barón Pulido

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Nativos digitales, gramáticas emergentes, internet como cultura y como artefacto son referentes marco que dinamizan tanto la emisión como la interpretación de signos en la población universitaria. El artículo muestra los resultados de las tendencias de usos de los lenguajes y mediaciones TICS en jóvenes universitarios de primer semestre del Politécnico Grancolombiano-COLOMBIA a partir del trabajo con grupos focales y aplicación de instrumento, con el propósito de sistematizar la tendencia de esta semiosis y su relación con el escenario pedagógico en la educación superior. Por demás, la investigación logra hacer un estado de arte de los resultados-casos en América Latina y Europa ante la realidad sígnica TICS y actores universitarios.

Old problems on a new playing field: Helminth zoonoses transmitted among dogs, wildlife, and people in a changing northern climate.

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Jenkins, Emily J; Schurer, Janna M; Gesy, Karen M

2011-11-24

Although surveillance is limited, indigenous residents at latitudes ranging from 53 to 73°N in Canada appear to have a higher occurrence of infection with some zoonotic parasites than the general population. Conversely, they are relatively naïve to other zoonotic parasites that have previously been unable to establish at northern latitudes. For those parasites that circulate among dogs, wildlife, and people, potential risk factors in the North include limited availability of veterinary services, presence of free-roaming dog populations, and consumption of locally harvested fish and wildlife. These regions are also experiencing some of the greatest impacts of climate change in North America, including increased temperature, precipitation, and frequency and severity of extreme weather. We review the current taxonomy, genetic diversity, host and geographic distributions, epidemiology and risk factors for 3 genera of helminths (Diphyllobothrium spp., Echinococcus spp., and Toxocara sp.) in Canada's North in order to identify climate-sensitive aspects of their ecology. Free-living stages of parasitic zoonoses endemic in the Arctic (such as Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, the cervid strain of Echinococcus granulosus, and Arctic strains of Echinococcus multilocularis) will experience trade-offs between enhanced survival under wetter conditions and increased mortality under warmer conditions. Climate change might also lead to the introduction and establishment in the Arctic of parasitic zoonoses previously restricted to the sub-Arctic, such as Diphyllobothrium latum, Toxocara canis, and the prairie strain of E. multilocularis. Molecular techniques applied in broad geographic surveys are needed to address critical knowledge gaps in the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and public health significance of zoonotic helminths already in the circumpolar North, and to determine the current barriers to range expansion of temperate-adapted parasites into the North. Dogs

Effect of Intermediate Hosts on Emerging Zoonoses.

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Jing-An; Chen, Fangyuan; Fan, Shengjie

2017-08-01

Most emerging zoonotic pathogens originate from animals. They can directly infect humans through natural reservoirs or indirectly through intermediate hosts. As a bridge, an intermediate host plays different roles in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. In this study, we present three types of pathogen transmission to evaluate the effect of intermediate hosts on emerging zoonotic diseases in human epidemics. These types are identified as follows: TYPE 1, pathogen transmission without an intermediate host for comparison; TYPE 2, pathogen transmission with an intermediate host as an amplifier; and TYPE 3, pathogen transmission with an intermediate host as a vessel for genetic variation. In addition, we established three mathematical models to elucidate the mechanisms underlying zoonotic disease transmission according to these three types. Stability analysis indicated that the existence of intermediate hosts increased the difficulty of controlling zoonotic diseases because of more difficult conditions to satisfy for the disease to die out. The human epidemic would die out under the following conditions: TYPE 1: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; TYPE 2: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]; and TYPE 3: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] Simulation with similar parameters demonstrated that intermediate hosts could change the peak time and number of infected humans during a human epidemic; intermediate hosts also exerted different effects on controlling the prevalence of a human epidemic with natural reservoirs in different periods, which is important in addressing problems in public health. Monitoring and controlling the number of natural reservoirs and intermediate hosts at the right time would successfully manage and prevent the prevalence of emerging zoonoses in humans.

Las Enfermedades Infecciosas emergentes y la Salud Pública

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Fabio Aurelio Rivas Muñoz

1997-06-01

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El optimismo de hace unos años con respecto al control definitivo de las enfermedades infecciosas ha venido diluyéndose poco a poco. Hoy en día, estas entidades nos atacan por múltiples frentes y, en conjunto, representan la principal causa de muerte a escala mundial. En 1995 17 millones de personas, incluidos 9 millones de niños, murieron por infecciones prevenibles como diarreas y neumonías. Los antibióticos, considerados hasta hace poco tiempo la solución al problema de las infecciones, son cada vez menos eficaces en la medida en que se incrementa el número de cepas resistentes y la velocidad con que éstas desarrollan dicha resistencia.

Si a este hecho agregamos el evidente deterioro de las condiciones de vida de la población y el que ha sufrido la salud pública en particular, a consecuencia del desigual impulso a la más rentable atención de la enfermedad individual, la facilidad y rapidez con que se viaja de uno a otro continente o de una a otra región dentro de un país, la urbanización desordenada e incontrolada de las ciudades, la crisis económica mundial, los daños al ambiente, etc., todas condiciones que, en general, favorecen la aparición de “”nuevas” infecciones, puede entonces comprenderse la magnitud del desafío.

Algunas de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes, esto es, aquellas cuya incidencia en el Ser Humano ha aumentado durante los dos últimos decenios o amenaza con aumentar en el futuro próximo, han surgido a consecuencia de la evolución de microorganismos ya existentes como la tuberculosis o el cólera. Otras, quizás las menos, son ocasionadas por agentes hasta hace poco desconocidos (nuevos, varios de gran patogenecidad, como el virus de Ebola o Hantavirus que llevan a severas neumonías con letalidad del 50%.

En las Américas, entre 1991 y 1995 se notificaron más de 1 millón de casos de cólera y 9 mil muertes. La OPS estima en 10 años y en más de 200.000 millones de

Tecnologías y modelos de aprendizaje emergentes en educación superior. Propuestas y difusión de innovaciones

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Natália FERNANDES GOMES

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El avance de la tecnología, la existencia de nuevos tipos de redes colaborativas y la conectividad global permiten y requieren urgentemente que las instituciones de Educación Superior desarrollen nuevos, innovadores y creativos modelos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. En este trabajo se presentan, primero, algunos de los actuales modelos emergentes de aprendizaje para la Educación Superior, mediados a través del uso de las tecnologías, de acuerdo a diferentes informes internacionales. En la segunda parte se presentan los resultados de un estudio de revisión sistemática que nos permite comprender el grado de difusión de la innovación educativa que subyace a los diferentes modelos de aprendizaje (flipped learning, personal learning environments, mobile learning, massive open online courses. Los resultados indican que el modelo mobile learning es el más productivo con una tendencia en aumento. Finalmente se exponen conclusiones respecto a la importancia de la difusión de innovación y los obstáculos en la traducción de los modelos emergentes a los contextos de aula.

A influência das economias emergentes em assuntos internacionais

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Nubia Nieto

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo examina o impacto das economias emergentes nos assuntos internacionais. A chegada dos países do Bric (Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China modificou o mapa da ordem mundial e as estratégias para projetar poder hegemônico. O Bric eclipsará o poder econômico dos países mais ricos do mundo? Quais são as principais estratégias do Bric para projetar seu poder no mundo? Essas e outras questões são analisadas no texto, que leva em consideração o novo cenário geopolítico do século XXI.This article explores the impact of emerging economies in international affairs. The arrival of the Bric's countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China has changed the map of the global order and the strategies to project hegemonic power. Could the Bric eclipse the economic power of the richest countries of the world? What are the main strategies of Bric to project its power worldwide? These and other questions are analysed in this text taking into account the new geopolitical scenario of the twenty-first century.

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

OpenAIRE

Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-01-01

La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a part...

Pentastomiasis and other parasitic zoonoses from reptiles and amphibians.

Science.gov (United States)

Pantchev, Nikola; Tappe, Dennis

2011-01-01

Reptiles are growing in popularity as pets.The colonization of reptiles and amphibians by parasites and the resulting disease conditions are the most common problems seen in captive animals.This review focuses on pentastomiasis and sparganosis, important parasitic zoonoses of reptiles and amphibians, respectively, and free living-amoebae. Humans are suitable accidental hosts for some pentastomid species (particularly Armillifer and Porocephalus). In geographical areas with special ethnics, such as in West and Central Africa, and East Asia, 8-45% of the human population can be affected. Usually the larvae are coincidentally found during abdominal surgeries. However, fatalities have been described. Extreme caution is necessary when handling infected reptiles. Ocular or cerebral sparganosis is not uncommonly found in humans in East Asia. This disease is caused by spargana, tapeworm larvae (plerocercoids) of Spirometra sp. The infection occurs when uncooked meat from reptiles or amphibians is applied to wounds or eyes and the parasites migrate directly to human tissue, or by consumption of contaminated food or water. As a consequence of the reptile's predatory behaviour, the full spectrum of endo- and ectoparasites from potential prey animals can be found as transiting parasites in the intestinal tract, e. g. Hymenolepis nana, Cryptosporidium (C.) muris, C parvum or Capillaria hepatica. Occasionally, free-living amoebae are also found in reptile faeces (Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, Hartmanella, Vahlkampfia or Echinamoeba sp.).

Eliminación de contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales mediante oxidación avanzada con ozono y ultrasonidos

OpenAIRE

Abellán Soler, Manuel; Lardín Mifsut, Carlos; Morales Cavero, Eduardo; Pastor Alcañiz, Laura; Martínez Muro, Juan Luis; Santos Asensi, José María; Ibáñez Martínez, María; Hernández Hernández, Félix

2013-01-01

Algunos contaminantes emergentes, principalmente fármacos de diferentes clases así como drogas de abuso, pueden estar presentes en las aguas residuales urbanas, no siendo posible su eliminación mediante las técnicas convencionales de depuración. Se ha realizado un estudio en planta piloto en dos estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR), Font de la Pedra (Muro de Alcoy) y Molina de Segura (Murcia), con el fin de determinar la eficacia de eliminación de ciertos ...

Procesos de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos emergentes

OpenAIRE

Clemente,Ainhoa Rubio; Chica Arrieta,Edwin Lenin; Peñuela Mesa,Gustavo Antonio

2013-01-01

Los contaminantes orgánicos emergentes conforman un grupo de sustancias muy heterogéneas, cuya característica en común es que causan efectos negativos sobre los organismos acuáticos, por lo que deben de ser eliminados del ambiente. Lamentablemente, los procesos convencionales con los que operan las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, especialmente los de tipo biológico, son ineficientes en la remoción de estas sustancias. Por este motivo, se hace necesaria la evaluación y optimización...

The potential role of migratory birds in the transmission of zoonoses

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Vasilios Tsiouris

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The instinct for survival leads migratory birds to exploit seasonal opportunities for breeding habitats and food supplies. Consequently, they travel across national and international borders. These birds are distinguished in local migrants, short-distance, long-distance and vagrant and nomadic migrants. They can transfer micro-organisms across the globe and play a significant role in the ecology and circulation of pathogenic organisms. They are implicated in the transmission of zoonoses as biological and mechanical carriers and as hosts and carriers of infected ectoparasites. They can cause water-borne, tick-borne and insect-borne diseases. Favourable agents, such as seasonality and stress due to migration, influence the transmission of pathogens. The migration of birds is a natural phenomenon that is followed by the unavoidable repercussions of the participation of these birds as carriers or hosts in the transmission of pathogens. It is not possible to interrupt this sequence but risks can be minimised by controlling and preventing perilous situations. Surveillance of wetlands, ‘stopovers’, places of destination and wintering regions can be done. Furthermore, the implementation strict biosecurity measures that reduce contact with migratory birds will limit the transmission of pathogens.

Bacterial Zoonoses Transmitted by Household Pets: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives for Targeted Research and Policy Actions.

Science.gov (United States)

Damborg, P; Broens, E M; Chomel, B B; Guenther, S; Pasmans, F; Wagenaar, J A; Weese, J S; Wieler, L H; Windahl, U; Vanrompay, D; Guardabassi, L

2016-07-01

The close contact between household pets and people offers favourable conditions for bacterial transmission. In this article, the aetiology, prevalence, transmission, impact on human health and preventative measures are summarized for selected bacterial zoonoses transmissible by household pets. Six zoonoses representing distinct transmission routes were selected arbitrarily based on the available information on incidence and severity of pet-associated disease caused by zoonotic bacteria: bite infections and cat scratch disease (physical injuries), psittacosis (inhalation), leptospirosis (contact with urine), and campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis (faecal-oral ingestion). Antimicrobial resistance was also included due to the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria of zoonotic potential in dogs and cats. There is a general lack of data on pathogen prevalence in the relevant pet population and on the incidence of human infections attributable to pets. In order to address these gaps in knowledge, and to minimize the risk of human infection, actions at several levels are recommended, including: (1) coordinated surveillance of zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in household pets, (2) studies to estimate the burden of human disease attributable to pets and to identify risk behaviours facilitating transmission, and (3) education of those in charge of pets, animal caretakers, veterinarians and human medical healthcare practitioners on the potential zoonotic risks associated with exposure to pets. Disease-specific recommendations include incentives to undertake research aimed at the development of new diagnostic tests, veterinary-specific antimicrobial products and vaccines, as well as initiatives to promote best practices in veterinary diagnostic laboratories and prudent antimicrobial usage. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Conocimientos sobre la lectoescritura emergente y prácticas en las aulas para su promoción: Un estudio con docentes de Educación preescolar en Costa Rica

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L. Diego Conejo

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Las concepciones y los conocimientos docentes afectan la práctica docente y esta, a su vez, influye en los logros de desarrollo en lectoescritura emergente de los niños preescolares. Esta investigación explora las valoraciones docentes de prácticas efectivas en el aula para la promoción de la lectoescritura emergente y sus conocimientos sobre conciencia fonológica y fonemas. Una muestra conformada por 284 docentes a cargo de salones de educación preescolar contestó un cuestionario en línea. Los resultados indicaron diferencias según tipo de universidad en la cual se tituló la docente. Las docentes graduadas de universidades públicas otorgaron mayor importancia a prácticas efectivas en el aula para la promoción de la lectoescritura emergente que las docentes graduadas de universidades privadas. Si bien la mayoría de participantes consideró la conciencia fonológica como un factor importante para el desarrollo de la lectoescritura, los conocimientos sobre esta fueron deficientes en toda la muestra. Igualmente, los conocimientos docentes sobre los fonemas y su habilidad para identificarlos en palabras concretas también fueron deficientes. Estos y otros hallazgos se discuten a la luz de sus implicaciones para la promoción de la calidad en la educación preescolar costarricense.

Onicomicoses por fungos emergentes: análise clínica, diagnóstico laboratorial e revisão

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Araújo Adauto José Gonçalves de

2003-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: As dermatomicoses causadas por fungos emergentes são entidades clínicas raras, à exceção das onicomicoses. Como certos fungos e leveduras podem residir na pele, a positividade em culturas de escamas ungueais deve ser interpretada obrigatoriamente em concordância com os respectivos dados clínicos, exames diretos das amostras, quantificação das colônias isoladas em relação aos pontos de inoculação e, principalmente, deve a positividade ser mantida após a repetição dos cultivos. A invasão da unha por fungos não dermatofíticos (nondermatophytic molds, NDM em diferentes estudos varia de 1,45% a 17,6%. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos do trabalho são mostrar a ocorrência e realçar a importância dos fungos emergentes como causadores de onicomicose. MÉTODOS: As unhas dos pacientes atendidos nos consultórios dos dermatologistas foram examinadas, e, caso houvesse suspeita clínica de onicomicose, coletavam-se amostras que eram enviadas para exame micológico no laboratório. RESULTADOS: Neste estudo, foram avaliados 2.271 pacientes e diagnosticada onicomicose em 400 deles, sendo 264 com acometimento das unhas do pé, e 136 das unhas da mão. O agente etiológico foi confirmado pelo exame micológico direto e crescimento em cultura. A onicomicose por fungos emergentes representou 4,5% de todas as infecções de unha. Foram detectadas as leveduras do gênero Candida (49% como agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes de onicomicoses nas unhas das mãos e em mulheres. Em contraste, os dermatófitos foram os mais freqüentes de todas as onicomicoses dos pés, no total de 186 (46,5%. CONCLUSÃO: Ao contrário da rotina diagnóstica hoje utilizada, concluiu-se que o diagnóstico correto do agente etiológico da onicomicose não dermatofítica deve obedecer a determinados critérios, dos quais se destaca o conjunto formado pela positividade no exame direto, na cultura, com comprovação na repetição do exame.

Fatores de risco da transmissão de zoonoses por costumes da população de Ilha Solteira, Brasil

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Sánchez-Ortiz, Iván A; Leite, Maurício A

2011-01-01

Objetivo Determinar condições geradoras de possíveis transmissões de zoonoses com base nos costumes dos moradores de Ilha Solteira-São Paulo, para formular recomendações concretas às autoridades correspondentes para reduzir os fatores de risco. Métodos Foram realizadas 100 entrevistas dirigidas no perímetro urbano da cidade de Ilha Solteira no mês de abril de 2008. O público alvo foram pessoas maiores de idade que morassem ou trabalhassem na casa em estudo. Resultados Na pesquisa foram encont...

Incursión de tecnologías emergentes en una escuela pública de negocios de México

OpenAIRE

María Magdalena Madrigal Lozano; Laura Alicia Hernández Moreno; Juan Gabriel López Solórzano; Alma Elizabeth Merla González

2017-01-01

En el presente artículo se describen los resultados obtenidos de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo de alcance transeccional realizado para conocer la realidad del uso, producción e investigación de las tecnologías emergentes MOOC, Gamificación y Realidad Aumentada en los procesos educativos de los programas relacionados con la profesión de negocios. En particular se aplicó un instrumento de medición a los docentes de los programas académicos de la modalidad mixta en la escuela de negocios ...

Pedagogías emergentes en contextos cambiantes: pedagogías en red en la sociedad del conocimiento

OpenAIRE

Binod Gurung; Amparo Clavijo Olarte

2015-01-01

La noción de pedagogías es un concepto multidimensional emergente construido a partir de la relación entre los componentes pedagógicos (como la tecnología, la pedagogía y el contenido) y los contextos pedagógicos cambiantes de la sociedad, la economía, la educación y la ciencia y tecnología para mencionar algunos. Desafortunadamente, para los marcos teóricos tradicionales existentes no es importante la relación entre los componentes y los contextos pedagógicos cambiantes. Las pedagogías tradi...

Conferencia Argentina de Educación Médica: agendas, aportes y temas Emergentes

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María Eugenia Brissón

Full Text Available Propósito: En el presente trabajo se pretende identificar en las Conferencias Argentinas de Educación Médica (CAEMs cuáles son los temas que -en relación a la formación de médicos- se han debatido, los que ocupan la agenda actual y los emergentes, así como establecer algunas relaciones con el movimiento internacional en ese campo, en los últimos veinte años. Material y método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo del período 1985 - 2003. Se realizaron análisis de programas y resúmenes presentados (CAEMs 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, búsquedas no sistemáticas en Internet, revisión documental y consultas a informantes claves. Resultados: Temas en debate: admisión; evaluación y acreditación; cambios curriculares; selección, formación y evaluación del cuerpo docente y evaluación de la calidad de los egresados. Temas emergentes: asuntos de la agenda mundial son apenas incipientes en los debates de las CAEMs. Relaciones con el movimiento internacional: conformación de asociaciones sin fines de lucro para el desarrollo de la educación médica, participación en reuniones internacionales, desarrollo de proyectos de investigaciones, fortalecimiento de la formación de postgrado y legislación de aplicación en el campo de la educación médica. Conclusiones: Existencia de contribuciones mutuas entre el pensamiento latinoamericano en educación médica y el global. En Argentina la expansión de la educación médica ha sido apreciable en los últimos veinte años. Las CAEM han servido como ámbito de convocatoria, discusión y difusión de las cuestiones de la agenda general y de temas particulares del país. Ha dado lugar al establecimiento de líneas de actividades y al inicio de investigaciones. En general, si bien prevalece una discusión basada en opiniones, se advierte, en el transcurso de los años, un mejoramiento de la calidad de las comunicaciones y de los trabajos presentados.

Tecnologías emergentes en la educación: una experiencia de formación de docentes que fomenta el diseño de ambientes de aprendizaje

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Oscar Rafael Boude Figueredo

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este texto describe los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia de formación de docentes, que son estudiantes de la Maestría en Informática Educativa de la Universidad de La Sabana, dentro de la asignatura electiva Tecnologías Emergentes en la Educación, que cuyo objetivo es: "ofrecer al estudiante un espacio de reflexión y conceptualización sobre las principales tecnologías emergentes (TE y sus usos en la educación". Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra que los estudiantes analizaron, indagaron y reflexionaron sobre las siguientes TE: Computación en la Nube, Inteligencia Colectiva, Mashups de Datos, Webs en Colaboración y Redes sociales. Asimismo, propusieron definiciones desde el punto de vista académico de cada una de ellas y diseñaron ocho ambientes de aprendizaje que integran de forma pedagógica una o varias TE en diferentes contextos educativos.

Ocorrência de compostos de interesse emergente no aquífero Dunas-Barreiras e nos esgotos de Natal/RN

OpenAIRE

Silva, Francisco Francimar da Fonseca

2015-01-01

A detecção de microcontaminantes de interesse emergente em amostras ambientais de águas superficiais, águas subterrâneas, água potável, águas residuárias e efluentes de estações de tratamento de água e esgoto (ETAs e ETEs), em vários países, indica que esses poluentes encontram-se disseminados pelo meio ambiente, principalmente em regiões urbanizadas. Isto é motivo de grande preocupação, pois muitos desses compostos são potencialmente prejudiciais aos seres humanos e a outro...

Potências médias emergentes e reforma da arquitetura financeira mundial?: Uma análise do BRICS no G20

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Leonardo Ramos

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de 2000, na cúpula de Okinawa, o sistema G7/8 começou um movimento de outreach, ou seja, tanto de "alcançar" aqueles que se encontravam fora quanto de "expandir" o sistema G7/8. Neste sentido, pela primeira vez países não-participantes do G8 foram envolvidos tanto em encontros do G8 quanto em consultas pré-cúpula. Neste processo a cúpula de Gleneagles, em 2005, foi um marco, pois nesta pela primeira vez há um documento conjunto emitido por Brasil, Índia, China, África do Sul e México (BICSAM - Outreach Five ou Grupo dos Cinco (+5. Tal articulação entre tais países tendo como foco o sistema G7/8 vai ocorrer até a cúpula de L’Aquila, em 2009. Não obstante, como desde 2008 o G20 vem lidando com tais questões como um fórum de líderes e a partir de 2009 o BRIC passa a se reunir como coalizão, tal articulação paralela ao G8 perde sua relevância. Neste contexto, uma questão que surge diz respeito à relação entre BRICS e G20. Como se dá a ação de tal bloco emergente neste fórum? Qual seu impacto para as decisões tomadas no âmbito de tal fórum? Qual a importância da China neste processo? Questões deste tipo são relevantes uma vez que muitas abordagens sobre o G20 e sobre as potências médias emergentes falam a respeito da legitimidade e da representatividade do G20 sem, contudo, dar a devida atenção às potências médias emergentes, suas coalizões e formas de engajamento e articulação no âmbito do G20, e é neste contexto que se insere o presente artigo, que busca analisar a inserção e articulação do BRICS no âmbito do G20, suas potencialidades e limites.

Características singulares del comercio exterior de los grandes países emergentes: el caso de Rusia

OpenAIRE

Rohr Trushcheleva, Margarita

2013-01-01

El proyecto de tesis plantea el objetivo global de arrojar luz sobre la realidad comercial y demográfica de una de las principales potencias emergentes, la Federación de Rusia. La propia importancia del país y el limitado número de estudios existentes hasta el momento al respecto justifican la elección del objeto de estudio. Un segundo objetivo, aportación esencial en este trabajo, es la construcción de series inéditas para la economía rusa, mediante la combinación de múltiples fuentes disper...

CONVERGÊNCIA E TRANSMÍDIA: GALÁXIAS SEMÂNTICAS E NARRATIVAS EMERGENTES EM JORNALISMO

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Geane Alzamora

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo procura discutir as possibilidades de aplicação no Jornalismo do conceito de narrativa transmidiática, proposto por Henry Jenkins (2003 no âmbito das narrativas ficcionais. Aborda inicialmente as definições de Transmedia Storytelling, investiga as diferenças conceituais entre convergência e transmídia e propõe uma abordagem própria do conceito de transmídia no universo jornalístico, fundada na perspectiva do conhecimento produzido em dimensão transmidiática e nas especificidades informacionais dos formatos. Conclui com uma exploração inicial de exemplos de narrativas emergentes no contexto do jornalismo transmidiático, como o Jornalismo de Imersão e os newsgames, sugerindo que o experimentalismo seja um aspecto marcante da narrativa transmídia.

Doenças infecciosas emergentes no Uruguai: memórias do século 20

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María Hortal

2017-02-01

Full Text Available As doenças emergentes não são novos eventos epidemiológicos: existiram epidemias, mesmo no território uruguaio. A globalização com múltiplos fatores de intervenção acentuou o dinamismo biológico de agentes infecciosos e populações humanas. Considerando que uma doença emergente é causada por um novo agente ou que produz uma série de casos que excedem o número esperado, que invade uma área geográfica diferente ou reaparece após um desaparecimento prolongado, foram feitas tentativas para recuperar memórias de epidemias ocorridas no Uruguai durante o século XX. Também destacou o progresso do conhecimento sobre a biologia dos agentes infecciosos e seu controle. Muitas das doenças epidêmicas endêmicas das primeiras décadas do século, no final deste século foram controladas por vacinas. Há também surtos de outras doenças transmissíveis ou aparecem etiologias desconhecidas. Para obter toda essa informação, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, mas foram encontradas relativamente poucas publicações de epidemias bacterianas ou virais. No entanto, a informação recuperada nos permitiu seguir o comportamento de doenças prevalentes, apreciar ao longo dos anos, a evolução de seus surtos epidêmicos, os sucessos e falhas de recursos para seu controle, bem como a capacidade de subsistência da maioria dos agentes infecciosos. No mundo e no Uruguai, durante o século 20, foi surpreendente expandir o conhecimento que, a partir de uma microbiologia incipiente, atingiu um alto nível científico / técnico que nos permitiu iniciar um novo século com possibilidades auspiciosas para enfrentar desafios persistentes e imprevisíveis.

FRAGILIDADE POTENCIAL E EMERGENTE NA BACIA DO RIO DAS PEDRAS, GUARAPUAVA, PR - BRASIL

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Paulo Eugênio Pachechenik

2013-10-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo delimitar a potencialidade do uso do solo para auxiliar no planejamento da exploração dos recursos naturais da bacia do rio das Pedras, situada no município de Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil. Aplicou-se uma metodologia de análise empírica da fragilidade ambiental, digitalizando a área e rede de drenagem da bacia, e gerando-se, posteriormente, um modelo numérico do terreno, empregando programas especializados. A área da bacia apresenta fragilidade ambiental potencial entre as classes “média” e “alta”, com os usos do solo classificando-a na fragilidade ambiental emergente “muito baixa” e “baixa”. Os limites da potencialidade de uso do solo indicam que a bacia está protegida da erosão e os fatores de forma demonstram, para as atuais condições, que há “pequena” possibilidade de ocorrer enchentes.

ALERTA DE TECNOLOGIAS NOVAS E EMERGENTES: O DESAFIO DE INFORMAR A SOCIEDADE

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Pollyanna Teresa Cirilo Gomes

2015-10-01

Full Text Available O monitoramento do Horizonte Tecnológico (MHT é uma etapa específica da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir um modelo de Alerta de MHT centrado na sociedade, nos gestores e nos profissionais de saúde, a fim de ser utilizado no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde. Para isso, foram pesquisados nos sítios eletrônicos das agências integrantes da EuroScan, informes e alertas de tecnologias em saúde novas e emergentes. A partir dessa busca, levou-se em consideração a relevância da informação, a rapidez na obtenção dos dados e a disponibilidade para a equipe elaboradora. Os Alertas de MHT poderão promover o acesso dos diferentes segmentos da sociedade a informações baseadas na melhor evidência científica disponível, e poderá auxiliar nos processos de tomada decisão em saúde.

Efectos sobre la salud de la contaminación de agua y alimentos por virus emergentes humanos

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Sílvia Bofill-Mas

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de tecnologías moleculares aplicadas a estudios ambientales ha permitido constatar que incluso en países altamente industrializados existe una alta prevalencia de virus en el medio ambiente, lo que causa un importante impacto en la salud pública e importantes pérdidas económicas, principalmente a través de la transmisión de virus por agua y alimentos. Concentraciones significativas de virus son detectadas en las aguas vertidas al ambiente y en los biosólidos generados en plantas de tratamiento de agua residual. En este trabajo se describen las características generales de la contaminaci ón ambiental por virus, principalmente por virus emergentes, analizándose con mayor profundidad los virus de la hepatitis E (VHE y los poliomavirus humanos como los virus contaminantes ambientales de más reciente identificación en países industrializados. Se ha demostrado que existe una elevada prevalencia de los poliomavirus humanos, BK y JC, en agua residual en todos los paí- ses estudiados, lo que implica la potencial transmisión de los virus y de genes potencialmente cancerígenos por vía oral. Estudios recientes demuestran que el patrón epidemiológico de la infección por VHE en países industrializados es complejo y que una gran diversidad de cepas del VHE infecta simultáneamente a la población. El control de la contaminación viral del medio ambiente requiere la estandarización de técnicas moleculares y el desarrollo de un programa de vigilancia que permita valorar parámetros víricos y reducir la diseminación de las enfermedades establecidas y de las infecciones víricas emergentes.

QR académico: una propuesta didáctica emergente con apropiación de la cultura juvenil

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Flora Arteaga Bustos

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Presentar una propuesta didáctica emergente para el uso del celular dentro del aula mediante la utilización de códigos QR (quick response- respuesta rápida- rige el objetivo del artículo. Se basa en la sistematización de teorías previas, identificadas en la búsqueda por difundir las nuevas estrategias educativas tecnológicas que se desarrollan en el ámbito venezolano. Su fundamentación se basa en la promoción de competencias digitales cónsonas a la cultura juvenil, la mejora de la calidad educativa y la optimización del desempeño estudiantil, aspectos fundamentales de las metas educativas de la CEPAL, de la OEI y de la UNESCO. El método utilizado es cuali-cuantitativo, para la técnica se diseñó una entrevista realizada al docente y un cuestionario dirigido a 20 de sus estudiantes. Los resultados indican mayor motivación e interés de los alumnos por la lectura y la investigación, así como un notable desarrollo del trabajo cooperativo-participativo. Se considera el establecer una mayor apropiación de las actividades en el aula consolidando la cultura juvenil, por lo que se demuestra el potencial de los códigos QR como herramienta educativa emergente. Como obstáculo evidenciado con el uso de la aplicación se menciona la deficiente interconectividad a la Internet. Se recomiendan procesos de difusión sobre nuevas experiencias docentes, como propuestas significativas de transposición didáctica tecnológica.

Setting priorities for surveillance, prevention, and control of zoonoses in Bogotá, Colombia Establecimiento de prioridades en la vigilancia, la prevención y el control de las zoonosis en Bogotá, Colombia

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Natalia Cediel

2013-05-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To establish priorities for zoonoses surveillance, prevention, and control in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: A Delphi panel of experts in veterinary and human medicine was conducted using a validated prioritization method to assess the importance of 32 selected zoonoses. This exercise was complemented by a questionnaire survey, using the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP methodology, administered in 19 districts of Bogotá from September 2009 to April 2010 to an at-risk population (workers at veterinary clinics; pet shops; butcher shops; and traditional food markets that sell poultry, meat, cheese, and eggs. A risk indicator based on level of knowledge about zoonoses was constructed using categorical principal component and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Twelve experts participated in the Delphi panel. The diseases scored as highest priority were: influenza A(H1N1, salmonellosis, Escherichia coli infection, leptospirosis, and rabies. The diseases scored as lowest priority were: ancylostomiasis, scabies, ringworm, and trichinellosis. A total of 535 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Respondents claimed to have had scabies (21%, fungi (8%, brucellosis (8%, and pulicosis (8%. Workers with the most limited knowledge on zoonoses and therefore the highest health risk were those who 1 did not have a professional education, 2 had limited or no zoonoses prevention training, and 3 worked in Usme, Bosa, or Ciudad Bolívar districts. CONCLUSIONS: According to the experts, influenza A(H1N1 was the most important zoonoses. Rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis, and toxoplasmosis were identified as priority diseases by both the experts and the exposed workers. This is the first prioritization exercise focused on zoonoses surveillance, prevention, and control in Colombia. These results could be used to guide decision-making for resource allocation in public health.OBJETIVO: Establecer prioridades en la vigilancia, la prevención y

Environmental change and enteric zoonoses in New Zealand: a systematic review of the evidence.

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Lal, Aparna; Lill, Adrian W T; Mcintyre, Mary; Hales, Simon; Baker, Michael G; French, Nigel P

2015-02-01

To review the available evidence that examines the association between climatic and agricultural land use factors and the risks of enteric zoonoses in humans and consider information needs and possible pathways of intervention. The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase and government websites were searched systematically for published literature that investigated the association of climatic and/or agricultural exposures with the incidence of the four most common enteric zoonotic diseases in New Zealand (campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis). Results The 16 studies in the review demonstrated significant associations between climate, agricultural land use and enteric disease occurrence. The evidence suggests that enteric disease risk from environmental reservoirs is pathogen specific. In some rural regions, environmental pathogen load is considerable, with multiple opportunities for zoonotic transmission. Enteric disease occurrence in NZ is associated with climate variability and agricultural land use. However, these relationships interact with demographic factors to influence disease patterns. Improved understanding of how environmental and social factors interact can inform effective public health interventions under scenarios of projected environmental change. © 2014 Public Health Association of Australia.

ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS EMERGENTES: EL TURNO DEL VIRUS DEL ZIKA

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Carlos Arturo Álvarez Moreno

2016-04-01

ó y continúa siendo una causa frecuente de epidemias. En Suramérica, incluyendo Colombia, el último brote fue introducido en 1991.

Más cerca, en 1918, la pandemia de la influenza (gripa española produjo solo en Estados Unidos 500.000 muertes y mucho más cerca, la pandemia de influenza por la A(H1N1 causó solo en el 2009 cerca de 500.000 muertes y aún sigue circulando, generando muertes adicionales (1. Si a esto le sumamos los casos de otras enfermedades emergentes como síndrome respiratorio agudo severo causados por coronavirus (SARS en el 2003 o MERS actualmente o el brote de fiebre amarilla (enfermedad reemergente ocurrido en el 2003-2004 en nuestro país, se puede decir que las enfermedades infecciosas, tanto las emergentes como las reemergentes, lejos de estar controladas, cada vez son un problema creciente de salud pública.

1 Miembro Correspondiente. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Profesor Titular, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de
Colombia. Director General, Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Clínicas COLSANITAS S.A...

Estrategias funcionales emergentes de promoción por parte de los ejecutivos del negocio bancario: Estudio preliminar a la Banca en Maracaibo

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Emmanuel Borgucci; Roberto Cubillán

2003-01-01

En esta investigación de carácter preliminar, se trata de demostrar la existencia de estrategias funcionales emergentes por parte de los ejecutivos de negocios bancarios. Se diseñó una investigación de tipo descriptivo y se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado y validado con el procedimiento del pretest-test a 16 ejecutivos del área petrolera pertenecientes a 10 bancos ubicados en Maracaibo (Venezuela). Se concluye que sobre la base de una serie de habilidades personales y oper...

Ontem, hoje e amanhã: sobre a web e as ferramentas colaborativas emergentes para o professor de língua estrangeira

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Alan Ricardo Costa

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Considerando que “[...] só é possível prever o futuro quando se olha para o passado” (LEFFA, 2012, p.404, se faz necessário investigar o passado e o presente da web, das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC e das tecnologias educacionais para o ensino e a aprendizagem de Línguas Estrangeira (LE, para especular sobre o futuro, por mais incerto que este seja. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir as mudanças nas TIC e ferramentas educacionais, do passado para o presente, para apontar perspectivas emergentes ao alcance do professor de LE. Os resultados - que partem de observações sobre alguns recursos e ferramentas digitais disponíveis no Repositório Acción E/LE (Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira - indicam que: (1 recursos online e TIC em geral não tendem a negar o antigo, mas sim incorporá-lo ao novo, fazendo com que tais recursos estejam em contínua evolução; (2 esta evolução, consequentemente, acontece de forma gradual e complexa: nem todas as TIC e tecnologias educacionais mudam ao mesmo tempo ou na mesma medida; (3 a tendência mais visível e emergente é, possivelmente, a colaboração em massa subjacente às ferramentas e seus usos, o que explica o surgimento dos Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA, por exemplo.

Um campo emergente: a arqueologia da música e suas interfaces com o patrimônio

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Fabio Vergara

2016-07-01

Full Text Available A presente entrevista com o arqueólogo Fábio Vergara Cerqueira traz informações sobre um campo emergente nos estudos arqueológicos, a assim chamada Arqueologia da Música, que conta, entre suas ramificações, com a especialidade da Arqueoorganologia, que, na sua variante iconográfica, é uma área de atuação deste arqueólogo. Esta nova disciplina se desenvolve em um domínio epistemológico bastante complexo e interdisciplinar e, mais recentemente, como se observa na articulação de programas internacionais de pesquisa, apresenta intensa integração à temática patrimonial, ligada sobretudo ao patrimônio dito imaterial, com forte valorização de saberes musicais de comunidades tradicionais.

Psycho-physiologic emergentism; four minds in a body

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David L. Rowland

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The mind-body problem represents one of the most debated topics in the neurosciences. From a psychological standpoint, abstract/non-material data are an intrinsic part of the mind, intervening to a large extent in reasoning and decision making processes. Imaging studies also show a strong correlation between higher cognitive functions (such as working memory and specific cerebral brain regions (a fronto-parietal network of interacting left and right brain areas. In contrast, the physical/material brain would be unable to interact with abstract-immaterial data, such that the psychological processing of abstract data (processes such as thinking, reasoning, and judgment is attributed to the mind, with the mind representing a distinct entity interposed between the brain and abstract-immaterial data. Recent data suggest that the mind-body problem may simply be an artifact of human experience/ understanding, as the brain actually represents actually an intrinsic part of the mind. Even if the physical brain is not able to interact with abstract mental data, the brain still could process abstract data through a dynamic association between the abstract data and cerebral stimuli/ impulses. This form of processing without interaction defines the mind as a complex neurobiological structure, with the unconscious part of the mind processing abstract-immaterial data in a conscious/ mental format. In this overview, important concepts of psycho-physiologic emergentism, including internal mental reality, internal mental existence, internal mental interaction, and structural and informational dichotomies of the brain, are iterated. Such concepts/properties represent a neuro-informational support system capable of generating four distinct minds within the single brain. Future studies should further develop the dynamic and immaterial-material nature of the mind, as a possible premise for a scientific definition and understanding of mental events like affectivity

Turismo literario como tipología emergente del turismo cultural : Caso: la ciudad de La Plata y una novela de Bioy Casares

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Corrado, Melina Denise

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo pretende aportar a la conceptualización teórica del turismo literario como tipología emergente del turismo cultural. A tales fines, se presenta la revisión bibliográfica pertinente sobre el tema, a partir de la cual se sustentan los nuevos aportes. Además, se enumeran en una breve descripción algunas experiencias de turismo literario en el mundo. Seguidamente, se explicita la caracterización del perfil del turista literario – real y potencial - que se suscita sobre las ...

Las TIC en educación: metaanálisis sobre investigación y líneas emergentes en México

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Karen Michelle Olivares Carmona

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El estudio que aquí presentamos tiene el objetivo de comentar, analizar y categorizar de manera descriptiva las líneas de generación y aplicación del conocimiento (LGAC de diversos productos de investigación científica relacionados con la integración de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC al proceso educativo en México. Los objetivos específicos consisten en identificar la población a la que se orientan las investigaciones; comparar los tipos de población con mayor y menor número de investigaciones; comparar las LGAC que cuentan con más y menos estudios; y reconocer líneas emergentes de investigación. La metodología consideró criterios de inclusión para seleccionar repositorios y tipos de documentos a analizar (se eligieron 470 documentos; también se precisaron las LGAC sobre las cuales realizamos el análisis. Entre los resultados, encontramos que los niveles educativos con mayor y menor número de investigaciones son la educación superior y el preescolar, respectivamente. Los principales vacíos de conocimiento se localizaron en áreas de gestión y calidad de programas educativos y de políticas educativas en relación con las TIC. Las líneas emergentes de investigación estuvieron vinculadas a la educación de adultos tardíos, población indígena y estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales.

Scientific Opinion on Review of the European Union Summary Report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks—Terms of reference 2 to 7

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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW)

2013-01-01

The Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) Panel of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks by EFSA and ECDC (the report) with regard to data needs and subsequent analyses that will minimise the impact of existing data gaps and inconsistencies. Specific assessments performed for bovine tuberculosis, echinococcosis, Q fever, brucellosis, rabies, cysticercosis and tularaemia s...

Tecnologías y pedagogías emergentes instrumentadas en un Mooc en la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL)

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Jara Roa, Dunia I.; Ramírez Montoya, María S.; Cabezas González, Marcos

2015-01-01

En esta comunicación se presenta la forma en que se utilizaron  las tecnologías y  las pedagogías emergentes para la educación abierta y masiva,  en la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL).  Se inicia con  la definición conceptual de los términos citados  y luego se presenta la forma en que fueron implementados en un Mooc, tratando de despejar la siguiente inquietud ¿en un Mooc es posible ejecutar el trabajo colaborativo teniendo una población participante heterogénea y geográficamen...

Zoonoses in humans from small rural properties in Jataizinho, Parana, Brazil

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Daniela Dib Gonçalves

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to conduct a serological survey for Lyme diseases, brucellosis, leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis and identify the risk variables related to these zoonoses in humans living in the rural area of Jataizinho, state of Parana, Brazil. A total of 63 rural properties were surveyed. Additionally, 207 serum samples collected from these rural area inhabitants were tested for indirect immunofluorescence (IFI and western blots (WB were performed to detect Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato; a tamponated acidified antigen test (AAT and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME were used to detect antibodies of Brucella abortus; the microscopic agglutination test (MAT was carried out to detect antibodies anti-Leptospira spp. and IFI was used to find antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii. Two of the samples (0.96% were reactive for Lyme borreliosis, three (1.4% for brucellosis, 25 (12.1% for leptospirosis and 143 (69.1% for toxoplasmosis. Although the town of Jataizinho has a human development index (IDH that was considered to be average (0.733 in the state of Parana, the low social, economic and cultural conditions of the population from small rural properties have resulted in lack of basic information on animal health and direct or indirect contact with the various species of domestic animals, wildlife and ticks have probably contributed to the prevalence levels found. These results show the need for additional regional studies in order to determine the epidemiological characteristics of these diseases as well as their respective vectors and reservoirs so that effective prophylaxis can be administered in the human population.

Evaluación del aprendizaje emergente: una experiencia con estudiantes universitarias de Educación Preescolar / Evaluating emergent learning: an experience with university preschool education students

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Badilla Saxe, Eleonora

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Se aborda en este ensayo la necesidad de comprender y evaluar el aprendizaje como un fenómeno emergente, más allá del aprendizaje previsto en los planes de estudio y diseño curricular. Se ejemplifica con la reflexión del propio aprendizaje emergente de la autora en su proceso de dirección de un proyecto de investigación-acción en la Universidad de Costa Rica. En dicha investigación-acción participaron once estudiantes de licenciatura en educación preescolar y veinticinco niños y niñas de 5 y 6 años que contaron con materiales digitales en su ambiente y proceso de aprendizaje.Abstract:This essay discusses the need to understand and evaluate learning as an emergent phenomenon that transcends what has been foreseen in the curriculum. It includes reflections of the author as Director of a Reflective-Research Project at the University of Costa Rica UCR about her own emergent learning about evaluating emergent learning. The Research project was developed by eleven university students at the School of Education at UCR and twenty five preschool children using digital technologies in their learning process and environment.

Mosquitos Culicidae como vetores emergentes de infecções Culicidae mosquitoes as emerging vectors of diseases

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Oswaldo Paulo Forattini

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se sucinta revisão do relacionamento entre as chamadas infecções emergentes e o conceito de vetores emergentes. Estes são entendidos não apenas no que concerne aos que são descritos como tais, de forma nova, mas também aqueles com acentuadas mudanças de comportamento. Os fatores específicos que propiciam esse fenômeno identificam-se à poderosa influência humana sobre o ambiente. Assim, aquele construído pelo homem e conhecido como antrópico representa a função de pressão seletiva que induz as populações vetoras a se adaptarem às novas circunstâncias. Nelas inclui-se fatores ecológicos ambientais, ou demográficos, que incrementam o contato com os novos comportamentos vetoriais. Relata-se o encontro de criadouros anômalos de mosquitos Culicidae nas Américas. A interpretação desses encontros é feita visando à vigilância epidemiológica. O significado dessa emergência ou reemergência pode se traduzir no aparecimento de problemas epidemiológicos. Sugere-se que, em sendo assim, a vigilância epidemiológica deva ser feita em grau global.A review is presented of the relationships between the so-called emerging infectious diseases and what may be defined as emerging vectors. These include not only those that have recently appeared but also those that present remarkable behavioral changes. Specific factors leading to that emergence can be associated with the powerful human influence on the environment. So the man-made, i.e. anthropic environment, exercises a selective pressure inducing vector populations to adapt to new circumstances. These may arise from ecological, environmental, or demographic factors that increase contact with the new vector. With this in mind, data on anomalous Culicidae breeding places in the Americas are reported. An interpretation of these findings is offered in the light of epidemiological surveillance. The question is whether vector emergence or re-emergence may constitute an

PARADIGMA TRADICIONAL E PARADIGMA EMERGENTE: ALGUMAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA EDUCAÇÃO

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Wallace Carvalho Ribeiro

Full Text Available É intrínseco ao Homem conhecer os objetos e os fenômenos da realidade que o cerca, por meio de um ponto de vista que, por sinal, se refere a um paradigma que traz consigo uma epistemologia. Nesse con texto, o presente artigo objetiva levantar alguns princípios e pressupostos do Paradigma Tradicional e do Paradigma Emergente, como também visa apresentar algumas implicações desses dois paradigmas na Educação. Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e faz parte da dissertação de Mestrado, defendida no 1° semestre de 2009, pelo seu primeiro autor no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da PUC Minas. Ao final, constatou-se que se vive hoje um período de mudanças paradigmáticas, embora todos nós ainda temos muito do paradigma cartesiano-newtoniano, mas o surgimento de novos problemas oriundos da dinâmica da realidade nos impõe o desafio da transformação no nosso ser e agir, no intento de (reconstruir um conhecimento mais humano e diversificado.

The burden of parasitic zoonoses in Nepal: a systematic review.

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Brecht Devleesschauwer

Full Text Available Parasitic zoonoses (PZs pose a significant but often neglected threat to public health, especially in developing countries. In order to obtain a better understanding of their health impact, summary measures of population health may be calculated, such as the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY. However, the data required to calculate such measures are often not readily available for these diseases, which may lead to a vicious circle of under-recognition and under-funding.We examined the burden of PZs in Nepal through a systematic review of online and offline data sources. PZs were classified qualitatively according to endemicity, and where possible a quantitative burden assessment was conducted in terms of the annual number of incident cases, deaths and DALYs.Between 2000 and 2012, the highest annual burden was imposed by neurocysticercosis and congenital toxoplasmosis (14,268 DALYs [95% Credibility Interval (CrI: 5450-27,694] and 9255 DALYs [95% CrI: 6135-13,292], respectively, followed by cystic echinococcosis (251 DALYs [95% CrI: 105-458]. Nepal is probably endemic for trichinellosis, toxocarosis, diphyllobothriosis, foodborne trematodosis, taeniosis, and zoonotic intestinal helminthic and protozoal infections, but insufficient data were available to quantify their health impact. Sporadic cases of alveolar echinococcosis, angiostrongylosis, capillariosis, dirofilariosis, gnathostomosis, sparganosis and cutaneous leishmaniosis may occur.In settings with limited surveillance capacity, it is possible to quantify the health impact of PZs and other neglected diseases, thereby interrupting the vicious circle of neglect. In Nepal, we found that several PZs are endemic and are imposing a significant burden to public health, higher than that of malaria, and comparable to that of HIV/AIDS. However, several critical data gaps remain. Enhanced surveillance for the endemic PZs identified in this study would enable additional burden estimates, and a more

Estudio comparativo entre aislados clínicos y no clínicos de S. cerevisiae y su papel como patógeno emergente.

OpenAIRE

Llanos Frutos, Rosa de

2007-01-01

RESUMEN La levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae es la especie más utilizada desde un punto de vista biotecnológico. En la industria agroalimentaria interviene en la elaboración de pan y bebidas alcohólicas como el vino y la cerveza, además se emplea como suplemento dietético y como agente probiótico bajo el nombre de S. cerevisiae var. boulardii. A pesar de sus propiedades beneficiosas, S. cerevisiae se considera actualmente una levadura patógena oportunista emergente de baja virulencia, capa...

Determinação de contaminantes emergentes em mananciais de água bruta e na água para consumo humano do Distrito Federal

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Santana, Joyce da Silva

2013-01-01

Contaminantes emergentes referem-se às substâncias químicas cujo interesse por estudos associados à ocorrência e efeitos no ambiente é recente. Ainda há uma escassez de dados relacionados à ocorrência destes contaminantes no Brasil, o que motivou a realização do presente trabalho. Foram selecionadas amostras de águas superficiais do Lago Paranoá e de dois mananciais de água do Distrito Federal (DF): Rio Descoberto e Córrego Cabeça de Veado. Também foram analisadas ...

Avaliação e tratamento dos contaminantes emergentes ( Ácido Acetilsalicílico, Diclofenaco e Paracetamol ) utilizando processos oxidativos avançados

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NAPOLEÃO, Daniella Carla

2011-01-01

O interesse da comunidade científica no estudo de micropoluentes é muito recente e tem aumentado a cada dia, uma vez que estas substâncias vêm causando alterações importantes no meio ambiente, interferindo no sistema endócrino de animais e de seres humanos. Logo, foi necessário classificar essas substâncias que receberam o nome de contaminantes emergentes, dentre os quais estão os fármacos de diferentes classes como: analgésicos, antiinflamatórios, drogas psiquiátricas, antilip...

Convergência e transmídia: galáxias semânticas e narrativas emergentes em jornalismo

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Geane Alzamora

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo procura discutir as possibilidades de aplicação no Jornalismo do conceito de narrativa transmidiática, proposto por Henry Jenkins (2003 no âmbito das narrativas ficcionais. Aborda inicialmente as definições de Transmedia Storytelling, investiga as diferenças conceituais entre convergência e transmídia e propõe uma abordagem própria do conceito de transmídia no universo jornalístico, fundada na perspectiva do conhecimento produzido em dimensão transmidiática e nas especificidades informacionais dos formatos. Conclui com uma exploração inicial de exemplos de narrativas emergentes no contexto do jornalismo transmidiático, como o Jornalismo de Imersão e os newsgames, sugerindo que o experimentalismo seja um aspecto marcante da narrativa transmídia.

Estudio de contaminantes emergentes en acuíferos detríticos de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Guadalhorce (Málaga)

OpenAIRE

Vadillo Pérez, Iñaki; Candela Lledó, Lucila; Jiménez-Gavilán, Pablo; Urresti-Estala, Begoña; Corada Fernandez, Maria del Carmen

2016-01-01

Actualmente existe un creciente interés por los contaminantes emergentes, en especial por los productos farmacéuticos y de cuidado personal (PPCPs), ya que son contaminantes que han pasado inadvertidos a lo largo de los años debido a sus bajas concentraciones, pero que presentan efectos perjudiciales para la salud y el medio ambiente, algunos de ellos se comportan, incluso, como disruptores endocrinos. Estos compuestos, en su mayoría, no regulados en la legislación, han sido hallados en aguas...

Targeting cattle-borne zoonoses and cattle pathogens using a novel trypanosomatid-based delivery system.

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G Adam Mott

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Trypanosomatid parasites are notorious for the human diseases they cause throughout Africa and South America. However, non-pathogenic trypanosomatids are also found worldwide, infecting a wide range of hosts. One example is Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum theileri, a ubiquitous protozoan commensal of bovids, which is distributed globally. Exploiting knowledge of pathogenic trypanosomatids, we have developed Trypanosoma theileri as a novel vehicle to deliver vaccine antigens and other proteins to cattle. Conditions for the growth and transfection of T. theileri have been optimised and expressed heterologous proteins targeted for secretion or specific localisation at the cell interior or surface using trafficking signals from Trypanosoma brucei. In cattle, the engineered vehicle could establish in the context of a pre-existing natural T. theileri population, was maintained long-term and generated specific immune responses to an expressed Babesia antigen at protective levels. Building on several decades of basic research into trypanosomatid pathogens, Trypanosoma theileri offers significant potential to target multiple infections, including major cattle-borne zoonoses such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Brucella abortus and Mycobacterium spp. It also has the potential to deliver therapeutics to cattle, including the lytic factor that protects humans from cattle trypanosomiasis. This could alleviate poverty by protecting indigenous African cattle from African trypanosomiasis.

LA INFLAMACIÓN COMO FACTOR CAUSAL EMERGENTE DE LA ENFERMEDAD CARDIOVASCULAR

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T. Fernández-Mora

2007-06-01

Full Text Available La ateroesclerosis está involucrada en el desarrollo de la enfermedad cardiovascular, una de las principales enfermedades de morbimortalidad en el mundo. Se han determinado una serie de factores de riesgo, tanto clásicos como emergentes, implicados en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Recientes investigaciones han demostrado que la inflamación juega un papel clave en el desarrollo de la ateroesclerosis. Las células del sistema inmune se encuentran presentes en todos los estadios de las lesiones arterioescleróticasy sus moléculas efectoras pueden acelerar la progresión de las lesiones y orquestar los mecanismos de inflamación inducidos en los síndromes coronarios agudos. La evidencia crítica implica a mediadores de la inmunidad tanto innata como adquirida en los diferentes estados de la ateroesclerosis. Dentro de loscomponentes inmunes involucrados en el proceso de la ateroesclerosis se encuentran componentes celulares como macrófagos, linfocitos, células dendríticas, mastocitos, células NK; componentes humoralescomo anticuerpos, citocinas proinflamatorias y moduladoras de la respuesta inmune, complemento, proteínas de fase aguda; y otros componentes como moléculas de adhesión y de choque térmico. A partirdel esclarecimiento del papel del sistema inmune en el desarrollo de la arterioesclerosis, han surgido una serie de perspectivas diagnósticas y terapéuticas para la enfermedad cardiovascular.

How many low birthweight babies in low- and middle-income countries are preterm? Cuantos de los recién nacidos de bajo peso de países emergentes son pre-término? Quantos dos recém-nascidos de baixo peso de países emergentes são pré-termo?

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Fernando C Barros

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of preterm birth among low birthweight babies in low and middle-income countries. METHODS: Major databases (PubMed, LILACS, Google Scholar were searched for studies on the prevalence of term and preterm LBW babies with field work carried out after 1990 in low- and middle-income countries. Regression methods were used to model this proportion according to LBW prevalence levels. RESULTS: According to 47 studies from 27 low- and middle-income countries, approximately half of all LBW babies are preterm rather than one in three as assumed in studies previous to the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS: The estimate of a substantially higher number of LBW preterm babies has important policy implications in view of special health care needs of these infants. As for earlier projections, our findings are limited by the relative lack of population-based studies.OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de recién nacidos pre-término entre los recién nacidos de bajo peso al nacer de países de renta media o baja. MÉTODOS: En consulta a bases de datos (PubMed, LILACS, Google Scholar fueron procurados estudios sobre la prevalencia de recién nacidos a término y pre-término entre aquellos de bajo peso al nacer conducidos posteriores a 1990 en países emergentes. Modelos de regresión fueron usados para evaluar la proporción de acuerdo con las prevalencias de bajo peso. RESULTADOS: Con base en 47 estudios de 27 países emergentes, aproximadamente la mitad de todos los recién nacidos con bajo peso serían prematuros, y no uno de cada tres, como se estimó en estudios anteriores a la década de 1990. CONCLUSIONES: La estimación de números sustancialmente más altos de prematuros con bajo peso tiene importantes consecuencias en la planificación de salud, ya que tales recién nacidos demandan cuidados especiales. Aún, los resultados son limitados por la falta de estudios poblacionales.OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de recém-nascidos pr

Zoonoses action plan Salmonella monitoring programme: an investigation of the sampling protocol.

Science.gov (United States)

Snary, E L; Munday, D K; Arnold, M E; Cook, A J C

2010-03-01

The Zoonoses Action Plan (ZAP) Salmonella Programme was established by the British Pig Executive to monitor Salmonella prevalence in quality-assured British pigs at slaughter by testing a sample of pigs with a meat juice enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against group B and C(1) Salmonella. Farms were assigned a ZAP level (1 to 3) depending on the monitored prevalence, and ZAP 2 or 3 farms were required to act to reduce the prevalence. The ultimate goal was to reduce the risk of human salmonellosis attributable to British pork. A mathematical model has been developed to describe the ZAP sampling protocol. Results show that the probability of assigning a farm the correct ZAP level was high, except for farms that had a seroprevalence close to the cutoff points between different ZAP levels. Sensitivity analyses identified that the probability of assigning a farm to the correct ZAP level was dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the test, the number of batches taken to slaughter each quarter, and the number of samples taken per batch. The variability of the predicted seroprevalence was reduced as the number of batches or samples increased and, away from the cutoff points, the probability of being assigned the correct ZAP level increased as the number of batches or samples increased. In summary, the model described here provided invaluable insight into the ZAP sampling protocol. Further work is required to understand the impact of the program for Salmonella infection in British pig farms and therefore on human health.

El riesgo asegurable y los riesgos emergentes de las nuevas tecnologías

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Hilda Esperanza Zornosa Prieto

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este documento analiza los retos que imponen al sector asegurador tradicional los riesgos emergentes de la era tecnológica, con especial referencia a los daños causados al medio ambiente y los daños ecológicos en general, sobre los que no existe aún, por tratarse de conceptos relativamente nuevos, información estadística que permita la medición de su frecuencia y severidad y, en consecuencia, la determinación del monto de una prima ajustada al riesgo; lo cual se constituye, de hecho, en el factor diferencial entre el concepto general de riesgo asegurable y el concepto que sobre éste se tiene en el seguro de contaminación, pues si bien estos conceptos no difieren en general, es innegable que el último versa sobre un riesgo extraordinario o catastrófico, que conduce a aquella imposibilidad de aplicar técnicas actuariales y mediciones estadísticas; todo lo cual lleva a sostener que el seguro y la responsabilidad civil no pueden, por sí solos, solucionar los problemas que plantean los riesgos de la era tecnológica, lo que hace necesaria la intervención activa del Estado.

Infraclases rurales: procesos emergentes de exclusión social en España

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SIMÓN PEDRO IZCARA PALACIOS

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Desde comienzos de los ochenta el discurso sociológico sobre la pobreza ha sufrido un proceso de desruralización, quedando dominado por el concepto de "infraclase". Éste se ha constituido en el término explicativo de un tipo particular de pobreza enraizada en un problema dual de marginalidad económica y aislamiento social en áreas urbanas espacialmente concentradas. En las áreas rurales, este tipo de dislocaciones sociales han permanecido veladas, haciendo que la noción de pobreza rural haya quedado relegada a un segundo plano. Sin embargo, los trazos más destacados de los "infraclase" (desempleo de larga duración, trabajo no cualificado en empleos erráticos, asilamiento social y dependencia de prestaciones sociales son especialmente relevantes para el análisis de los procesos de exclusión social en el medio rural español. Este artículo examina la emergencia de un colectivo "infraclase" en la España rural. Los nuevos procesos emergentes de exclusión social en el medio rural español estarían relacionados con el desempleo agrario en la España meridional y el uso de mano de obra inmigrante ilegal en la agricultura del litoral mediterráneo.

Regime cambial para países emergentes: uma proposição a partir de Keynes Exchange rate regime for emergent countries: a Keynesian proposal

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Fernando Ferrari Filho

2008-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em apresentar, tendo como referência a análise de Keynes, uma proposição de regime cambial para países emergentes que seja capaz de assegurar condições para a estabilização macroeconômica, entendida como o binômio estabilidade de preços e pleno-emprego.The article presents, in a Keynesian perspective, a proposal of exchange rate regime for emerging countries to assure macroeconomic stabilization, that is, price stability and full employment.

Maturidade psicológica e independência financeira: um estudo com adultos emergentes universitários || Psychological maturity and financial independence: A study with college emerging adults

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Claudia Andrade

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas assistiu-se a um conjunto de alterações sociais que exercem influência sobre os modos como a transição para a idade adulta é efetuada, bem como a importância que é dada aos critérios para que se seja considerado adulto. O presente estudo explora os critérios associados à representação de adulto, junto de uma amostra de adultos emergentes a frequentar o ensino superior. O estudo de natureza qualitativa foi efetuado com recurso à técnica dos grupos focais. Os resultados permitiram destacar a importância de dois critérios, um dos critérios de natureza psicológica (maturidade psicológica e um de caráter instrumental (independência financeira como sendo os marcadores que aparecem associados à representação do estatuto social de adulto. Outros critérios como competências familiares, transições normativas, adesão às normas e parâmetros biológicas, legais e a acontecimentos sociais, como casar, por exemplo, são, de uma forma geral, percecionados como pouco relevantes na definição da idade adulta. Os resultados são discutidos e analisados no quadro da adultez emergente em estudantes do ensino superior.

Psicologia do esporte: uma área emergente da psicologia Psicología del deporte: un area emergente de la psicología Sport psychology: an emergent field in psychology

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Lenamar Fiorese Vieira

2010-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata da Psicologia do Esporte, um campo de atuação emergente do psicólogo no Brasil. Faz uma análise sobre o percurso histórico da Psicologia Esportiva apresentando os campos de atuação profissional (pesquisa, ensino e intervenção, o papel do psicólogo esportivo (pesquisador, professor e consultor e o estado científico atual dessa especialidade psicológica. Mesmo com o vasto campo de trabalho, um elemento interveniente é a diversidade de conhecimentos necessários para esta subdivisão da Psicologia, fazendo com que a formação profissional seja insuficiente e a atuação profissional dividida em duas especialidades, a Psicologia Clínica e a Psicologia Educacional aplicada ao esporte. Finalizando, destaca-se a emergência da compreensão destes aspectos, fornecendo subsídios para o entendimento da importância da qualificação de profissionais da área da Psicologia para o contexto do esporte e do exercício físico.El artículo presenta el área de la psicología del deporte como un campo de actuación emergente del psicólogo en Brasil. Hace un análisis del recorrido histórico de la Psicología Deportiva presentando las áreas de actuación profesional (pesquisa, enseñanza e intervención, el papel del psicólogo deportivo (investigador, profesor y consultor y el estado científico actual del área. Mismo con el vasto campo de trabajo, un elemento interventor es la diversidad de conocimientos necesarios para esta subdivisión de la psicología, haciendo con que la formación profesional sea insuficiente y la actuación profesional sea dividida en dos especialidades, la Psicología Clínica y la Psicología Educacional aplicada al deporte. Finalizando, se destaca la emergencia de la comprensión de estos aspectos, proporcionando subsidios para o entendimiento de la importancia de la calificación del profesional del área de la Psicología para el contexto del deporte y del ejercicio.This manuscript presents the

Modelos de negocio emergentes en la industria del videojuego

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Milena Trenta

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Sylvia Zavala-Trias 12.00 La industria del videojuego está viviendo un proceso de transformación en su manera de crear valor, debido al éxito de los juegos casuales y a la consolidación de nuevas plataformas de juego, cuales las redes sociales, los teléfonos inteligentes, las tabletas y los sitios de juego on line. A consecuencia de estos fenómenos, surgen nuevos modelos de negocio. Posteriormente al estudio del volumen de ingresos generados por los videojuegos distribuidos por canales digitales y de los hábitos de consumo de los usuarios, este trabajo aporta una descripción de los modelos de negocio emergentes en la industria del videojuego. Finalmente, se observa que, frente a la actual situación, las principales compañías del sector diversifican su negocio y las pequeñas empresas aprovechan la multiplicación de los canales de distribución. Mientras que, los usuarios se inclinan por los videojuegos comercializados mediante modelos de negocio que permiten personalizar el consumo y establecer relaciones sociales. Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Rickettsia rickettsii em eqüinos do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses do município de São Paulo (CCZ/SP

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Jonas Moraes-Filho

2009-04-01

Full Text Available A Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB é uma zoonose transmitida por pelo menos duas espécies de carrapatos: Amblyomma cajennense e Amblyomma aureolatum. Os eqüinos assumem um importante papel de sentinela da FMB em áreas onde o carrapato vetor é o A. cajennense, por ser considerado hospedeiro primário dessa espécie de carrapato. O A. aureolatum, cujos hospedeiros primários são aves, alguns roedores silvestres e canídeos, é incriminado como vetor da doença na região da Grande São Paulo. Este trabalho objetivou pesquisar a presença de anticorpos contra Rickettsia rickettsii, agente da FMB, em eqüinos encaminhados ao Centro de Controle de Zoonoses do município de São Paulo (CCZ/SP no período de 2003 a 2005. Após coleta de sangue, o soro obtido pela centrifugação foi submetido à reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI e os animais foram considerados positivos quando as amostras de soro apresentaram títulos >; 64. Durante os três anos, foram testados 363 amostras pela RIFI, sendo que 64 se mostraram reagentes: 6 (2003, 16 (2004 e 42 (2005. Os títulos finais variaram de 64 a 1.024. Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma baixa porcentagem de animais reagentes (17,6% quando comparados com dados de literatura de áreas endêmicas para FMB onde o vetor é o A. cajennense, sugerindo não ser essa espécie responsável pela transmissão da doença na área de estudo

O Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo Emergente de Médicos em Relação a Cuidados Paliativos/ The Collective Subject Discourse Emerging Physicians Regarding palliative Care

OpenAIRE

Katrine de Freitas Valeriano; Thais de Paiva Guimarães Barreiro; José Vitor da Silva; Jorge Leonardo Narcy; Maria Tereza de Jesus Pereira

2013-01-01

Objetivos: conhecer os significados e os sentimentos emergentes dos médicos em relação aos cuidados paliativos, bem como identificar a atuação desses profissionais frente aos pacientes com necessidades de cuidados paliativos numa instituição hospitalar da cidade de Pouso Alegre-MG. Materiais e métodos: o presente trabalho foi de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório e transversal. A amostra foi de 25 médicos atuantes no Hospital Universitário Samuel Libânio, Pouso Alegre, MG. A amostra...

Nuevas estrategias analíticas enfocadas a estudios de determinación y distribución de contaminantes emergentes azólicos en el medio ambiente

OpenAIRE

Casado Agrelo, Jorge

2016-01-01

En esta Tesis Doctoral se describe el desarrollo y la aplicación de nuevas estrategias de análisis útiles para la determinación de contaminantes emergentes azólicos en muestras medioambientales. Concretamente, las familias estudiadas son los benzotriazoles inhibidores de procesos de corrosión, los estabilizadores UV benzotriazólicos (Tinuvin), y los fármacos antimicóticos. Los métodos de análisis desarrollados consisten en una primera etapa de preparación de muestra mediante SPE, SPME o DLLME...

EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2015. The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in 2013

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Helwigh, Birgitte

This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2013 in 32 European countries (28 Member States and four non-Member States). Campylobacter iosis was the most comm...... chain of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma , rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), West Nile Virus and tularaemia....

Incursión de tecnologías emergentes en una escuela pública de negocios de México

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María Magdalena Madrigal Lozano

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se describen los resultados obtenidos de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo de alcance transeccional realizado para conocer la realidad del uso, producción e investigación de las tecnologías emergentes MOOC, Gamificación y Realidad Aumentada en los procesos educativos de los programas relacionados con la profesión de negocios. En particular se aplicó un instrumento de medición a los docentes de los programas académicos de la modalidad mixta en la escuela de negocios de una Universidad Pública del Noreste de México. Se presenta este estudio como un área de oportunidad para reportar hallazgos en el ámbito de escuelas de negocios que incorporan estas tecnologías con fines didácticos y a su vez permite a los autores el poder crear propuestas de trabajo sobre estas en la facultad en cuestión.

Saúde e ambiente: as doenças emergentes no Brasil Health and environment: emergent diseases in Brazil

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Marta G. Pignatti

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo faz uma revisão das principais abordagens teóricas da área da Saúde em relação ao estudo das doenças resultantes das mudanças ambientais e a ocorrência de doenças emergentes no Brasil. Apresenta, de forma geral, a dinâmica de transmissão de doenças como a dengue, as leishmanioses, a febre maculosa, a cólera, a malária. Aponta para a necessidade de estudos interdisciplinares e estratégias políticas integradas.This article is a critical review on the main Health theories concerned with diseases resulting from environmental changes and the occurrence of some infectious diseases in Brazil. It addresses the relationship between urbanization, human migration, life quality, institutional intervention policy and the emergence of dengue, cholera, malaria, spot fever, and leishmaniasis. In conclusion, it points out the necessity of carrying out interdisciplinary studies and integrated political strategies.

Household knowledge, attitudes and practices related to pet contact and associated zoonoses in Ontario, Canada

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Stull Jason W

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Many human infections are transmitted through contact with animals (zoonoses, including household pets. Although pet ownership is common in most countries and non-pet owners may have frequent contact with pets, there is limited knowledge of the public’s pet contact practices and awareness of zoonotic disease risks from pets. The objective of this study was to characterize the general public’s knowledge, attitudes and risks related to pet ownership and animal contact in southern Ontario, Canada. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to individuals at two multi-physician clinics in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada during 2010. A single adult from each household was invited to participate in the study. Results Seventy five percent (641/853 of individuals approached completed the questionnaire. Pet ownership and contact were common; 64% of participants had a pet in their household and 37% of non-pet owning households had a member with at least weekly animal contact outside the home. Pet ownership was high (55% for households with individuals at higher risk for infections (i.e., Conclusions These results suggest that there is a need for accessible zoonotic disease information for both pet and non-owning households, with additional efforts made by veterinary, human and public health personnel. Immediate educational efforts directed toward households with individuals at higher risk to infections are especially needed.

Mixed Production of Filamentous Fungal Spores for Preventing Soil-Transmitted Helminth Zoonoses: A Preliminary Analysis

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M. S. Arias

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Helminth zoonoses are parasitic infections shared by humans and animals, being the soil-transmitted helminths (STHs mainly caused by roundworms (ascarids and hookworms. This study was aimed to assess the individual and/or mixed production of two helminth-antagonistic fungi, one ovicide (Mucor circinelloides and other predator (Duddingtonia flagrans. Fungi were grown both in Petri plates and in a submerged culture (composed by water, NaCl, Na2HPO4 · 12 H2O, and wheat (Triticum aestivum. A Fasciola hepatica recombinant protein (FhrAPS was incorporated to the cultures to improve fungal production. All the cultured plates showed fungal growth, without difference in the development of the fungi when grown alone or mixed. High counts of Mucor spores were produced in liquid media cultures, and no significant differences were achieved regarding single or mixed cultures, or the incorporation of the FhrAPS. A significantly higher production of Duddingtonia spores after the incorporation of the FhrAPS was observed. When analyzing the parasiticide efficacy of the fungal mixture, viability of T. canis eggs reduced to 51%, and the numbers of third stage cyathostomin larvae reduced to 4%. It is concluded, the capability of a fungal mixture containing an ovicide (Mucor and a predator species (Duddingtonia for growing together in a submerged medium containing the FhrAPS offers a very interesting tool for preventing STHs.

Eliminación de contaminantes emergentes presentes en aguas por aplicación de proceso foto-Fenton. Estudio de acoplamiento por depuración biológica

OpenAIRE

LORENTE ROSA, LUCÍA

2018-01-01

[ES] La escasez del agua de calidad es un problema a nivel mundial que va aumentando a causa de la contaminación que experimenta. Por ello, la depuración y la reutilización de las aguas contaminadas son cada vez más necesarias. La emisión de los denominados contaminantes emergentes (CEs), presenta una gran importancia y son muchas las organizaciones que intentan aportar soluciones al problema. Los CEs son microcontaminantes generalmente de tipo orgánico, que en su mayor parte no ...

Aplicación de tratamientos físicos y de oxidación química a la eliminación de contaminantes emergentes en diferentes matrices acuosas

OpenAIRE

Casas Méndez, Francisco

2017-01-01

Los contaminantes emergentes constituyen un amplio grupo de sustancias que son detectadas en concentraciones cada vez mayores en diferentes sistemas acuáticos empleados para la potabilización de agua. Varios estudios han demostrado que estos contaminantes no son eliminados eficientemente en la depuración de aguas residuales urbanas y en consecuencia son vertidos a los cauces públicos. Dado que estas substancias resultan ser tóxicas y dañinas para los seres vivos, es necesario proceder a su el...

Espectrometría de masas de alta resolución y en tándem. Análisis de alto rendimiento de contaminantes orgánicos emergentes en agua

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Flores Rubio, Cintia

2016-01-01

[spa] En los últimos años, los contaminantes emergentes (ECs) están recibiendo una creciente atención debido a los efectos nocivos que suponen para los organismos vivos y al riesgo ambiental que representan. Existen una gran cantidad de productos considerados como ECs presentes en el medio ambiente acuático. En la presente tesis se han estudiado dos de estas familias, los ácidos perfluoroalquilados (PFAAs), compuestos antropogénicos, y las microcistinas (MCs), toxinas de origen natural. Los ...

Parasitic zoonoses associated with dogs and cats: a survey of Portuguese pet owners' awareness and deworming practices.

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira, André; Martins, Ângela; Brancal, Hugo; Vilhena, Hugo; Silva, Pedro; Pimenta, Paulo; Diz-Lopes, Duarte; Neves, Nuno; Coimbra, Mónica; Alves, Ana Catarina; Cardoso, Luís; Maia, Carla

2016-05-10

Parasitic diseases of companion animals comprise a group of globally distributed and rapidly spreading illnesses that are caused by a wide range of arthropods, helminths and protozoa. In addition to their veterinary importance, many of these parasites can also affect the human population, due to their zoonotic potential. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the knowledge of Portuguese pet owners regarding the zoonotic potential of parasites that dogs and cats can harbour, most common drugs, frequency of use and reasons for endo- and ectoparasite control. Seventy hundred and fifty multiple-choice questionnaires designed to obtain data knowledge about the meaning of zoonosis, knowledge about parasitic diseases and perception regarding their zoonotic potential, as well as the drugs, frequency and reason for deworming their animals were delivered to dog and/or cat owners from non-rural (i.e. urban or semi-urban) and rural parishes who attended veterinary medical centres from continental Portugal. A total of 536 (71.5 %) questionnaires were retrieved. Two hundred and ninety five (56.5 %) responders had heard of zoonosis/zoonoses, but only 184 (35.2 %) knew their meaning. Tick fever, mange, leishmaniosis and ascaridiosis/roundworms were the parasitic diseases from pets most frequently identified. The number of owners who recognized the different parasitoses, who stated to have heard about zoonoses and who were aware of the potential transmission of parasites from animals to humans was significantly higher in those with intermediate (i.e. ≥9 and ≤ 12 years of schooling) and/or higher academic degree (i.e. licentiate, master's and/or doctorate degrees). The combinations of febantel-pyrantel-praziquantel (23.5 %) and milbemycin-praziquantel (34.5 %) were the most widely endoparasitic drugs used in dogs and in cats, respectively. The most common ectoparasiticide used in dogs was a combination of imidacloprid-permethrin (33.4 %), while in cats it was

EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2015. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014

OpenAIRE

Helwigh, Birgitte; Porsbo, Lone Jannok; Boysen, Louise; Bager, Flemming

2015-01-01

This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2014 in 32 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and four non-MS). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis with an increase in confirmed human cases in the European Union (EU) since 2008. In food the occurrence of Campylobacter remained high in broiler meat. The decreasing EU trend for conf...

Metodología para implantar el Modelo Integrado de Capacidad de Madurez en grupos pequeños y emergentes

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Hugo Arboleda

2013-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta QualDev-Software Process Improvement (SPI, una metodología para ayudar a la gerencia de empresas o departamentos de software pequeños y emergentes a implantar el Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI. El objetivo de esta metodología es aumentar la competitividad de estos grupos para que ofrezcan mayor calidad en sus productos y tengan mejores indicadores de productividad. QualDev-SPI se basa en 3 principios: a pequeños pasos para el mejoramiento alineados con los proyectos de desarrollo; b procesos livianos apoyados en herramientas, y c visibilidad a corto plazo de los beneficios. La metodología incluye un modelo de mejoramiento organizacional, una matriz de grados de logro de las prácticas y un mapa de ruta que contiene una definición estandarizada de procesos y de las herramientas de apoyo que facilitan su puesta en marcha.

Metodología para implantar el Modelo Integrado de Capacidad de Madurez en grupos pequeños y emergentes

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Hugo Arboleda

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta QualDev- Software Process Improvement (SPI, una metodología para ayudar a la gerencia de empresas o departamentos de software peque ̃ nos y emergentes a implantar el Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI. El objetivo de esta metodología es aumentar la competitividad de estos grupos para que ofrezcan mayor calidad en sus productos y tengan mejores indicadores de produc- tividad. QualDev-SPI se basa en 3 principios: a peque ̃ nos pasos para el mejoramiento alineados con los proyectos de desarrollo; b procesos livianos apoyados en herramientas, y c visibilidad a corto plazo de los beneficios. La metodología incluye un modelo de mejoramiento organizacional, una matriz de grados de logro de las prácticas y un mapa de ruta que contiene una definición estandarizada de procesos y de las herramientas de apoyo que facilitan su puesta en marcha.

EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2015. The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in 2013

OpenAIRE

Helwigh, Birgitte

2015-01-01

This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2013 in 32 European countries (28 Member States and four non-Member States). Campylobacter iosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis. After several years of an increasing European Union (EU) trend, the human Campylobacter iosis notification rate has stabilised. In food and animals no EU trends were observed a...

EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2015. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Helwigh, Birgitte; Porsbo, Lone Jannok; Boysen, Louise

This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2014 in 32 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and four non-MS). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly re......, molluscs and products thereof’. The report further summarises trends and sources along the food chain of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), West Nile virus and tularaemia....

Transformações globais, potências emergentes e Cooperação Sul-Sul: desafios para a cooperação europeia

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Pino, Bruno Ayllón

2012-01-01

A União Europeia (UE) e seus Estados Membros enfrentam o desafio de adaptar sua política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento a um mundo marcado por rápidas mudanças na criação e distribuição da riqueza e na difusão do poder. A ascensão dos países emergentes, o auge da Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS), os avanços na luta contra a pobreza em Países de Renda Média (PRM), ou o impacto traumático da crise nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), são fatores que or...

PRÁCTICAS DE CUIDADO Y MODELOS EMERGENTES EN LAS RELACIONES DE GENERO. LA EXPERIENCIA DE ALGUNOS VARONES MEXICANOS

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Juan Guillermo Figueroa Perea

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar en torno a las prácticas de cuidado cuando éstas son realizadas por varones en el espacio familiar. En un primer momento se presentan algunos conceptos básicos sobre la manera en que estamos conceptualizando el cuidado, y sobre la forma en que éste organiza y da lugar a ciertas relaciones sociales en las que se concretan vínculos y antagonismos por género y clase. Posteriormente, presentamos la evidencia empírica de un grupo de varones que realizan actividades de cuidado al interior de sus familias, debido a reacomodos asociados a separación, viudez o bien a que la pareja hace el trabajo extradoméstico. Nos centramos en la categoría de modelos emergentes y consideramos las dimensiones de motivos, emergencia de nuevas relaciones sociales, cambios o permanencias en la división sexual del trabajo y percepciones de oposición, valoración y aceptación. Concluimos con propuestas para seguir investigando sobre el tema.

Using routine surveillance data to estimate the epidemic potential of emerging zoonoses: application to the emergence of US swine origin influenza A H3N2v virus.

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Simon Cauchemez

Full Text Available Prior to emergence in human populations, zoonoses such as SARS cause occasional infections in human populations exposed to reservoir species. The risk of widespread epidemics in humans can be assessed by monitoring the reproduction number R (average number of persons infected by a human case. However, until now, estimating R required detailed outbreak investigations of human clusters, for which resources and expertise are not always available. Additionally, existing methods do not correct for important selection and under-ascertainment biases. Here, we present simple estimation methods that overcome many of these limitations.Our approach is based on a parsimonious mathematical model of disease transmission and only requires data collected through routine surveillance and standard case investigations. We apply it to assess the transmissibility of swine-origin influenza A H3N2v-M virus in the US, Nipah virus in Malaysia and Bangladesh, and also present a non-zoonotic example (cholera in the Dominican Republic. Estimation is based on two simple summary statistics, the proportion infected by the natural reservoir among detected cases (G and among the subset of the first detected cases in each cluster (F. If detection of a case does not affect detection of other cases from the same cluster, we find that R can be estimated by 1-G; otherwise R can be estimated by 1-F when the case detection rate is low. In more general cases, bounds on R can still be derived.We have developed a simple approach with limited data requirements that enables robust assessment of the risks posed by emerging zoonoses. We illustrate this by deriving transmissibility estimates for the H3N2v-M virus, an important step in evaluating the possible pandemic threat posed by this virus. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

Relaciones diferenciales entre experiencias de alfabetización y habilidades de alfabetización emergente

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Liliana Salazar-Reyes

2013-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue investigar si las experiencias de alfabetización que los padres brindan se relacionan diferencialmente con la alfabetización de los niños. A partir de una muestra intencional, se seleccionaron treinta y cuatro diadas madre-hijo al inicio de preescolar, procedentes de una escuela particular del Estado de México. Se presenta evidencia que considera en un mismo estudio el análisis de las experiencias explícitas e implícitas observadas en una sesión de interacción madre-hijo, haciendo uso de diferentes materiales, y otro tipo de experiencias de alfabetización reportadas por las madres. Ambos resultados se complementaron para comparar los puntajes obtenidos por los niños en las pruebas de alfabetización emergente. Se constataron diferencias significativas en la alfabetización debidas a la escolaridad del padre t(11 = 2,78, p = 0,019; el acercamiento a los libros t(12 = 3,90, p = 0,001, y la frecuencia de lectura de cuentos t(12 = 4,31, p = 0,002. A partir de los resultados se concluye que algunos niños tienen habilidades de alfabetización desde muy temprana edad como resultado de las experiencias que sus padres les proporcionan.

Prototecose: uma doença emergente Protothecosis: an emergent disease

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Expedito K.A. Camboim

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Prototecose, causada por Prototheca zopfii ou P. wickerhamii, é uma doença emergente em animais e humanos. Em bovinos, P. zopfii é uma importante causa de mastite ambiental. Em cães e gatos, a prototecose é causada principalmente por P. zopfii. Em cães, causa infecção cutânea ou uma forma sistêmica envolvendo diversos órgãos. Em gatos, predominam as lesões tegumentares na região da face e plano nasal. No homem, a prototecose, causada principalmente por P. wickerhamii, manifesta-se sob três formas: cutânea, articular com bursite do olécrano e sistêmica. Pode ocorrer em indivíduos imunocompetentes, os quais podem apresentar bursite e/ou infecções cutâneas localizadas, ou em indivíduos imunossuprimidos, nos quais a enfermidade pode ser disseminada e/ou com envolvimento visceral. A prototecose causada por P. wickerhamii foi descrita recentemente em caprinos como causa de rinite afetando o vestíbulo nasal, união mucocutânea, pele da face e orelha. Nesta revisão são abordadas as características microbiologias e susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos do agente, e a epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, patologia, diagnóstico, tratamento e controle da prototecose em animais domésticos e no homem.Protothecosis, caused by Prototheca zopfii or P. wickerhamii, is an emergent disease of human and animals. In cattle, P. zopfii is an important cause of environmental mastitis. In dogs and cats protothecosis is caused mainly by P. zopfii, causing cutaneous infections or a systemic form affecting many organs in dogs, and cutaneous infection affecting mainly the skin of the face and nose in cats. In humans, protothecosis, caused mainly by P. wickerhamii, occurs in three forms: cutaneous; olecran bursitis; and disseminated. The lesion is usually localized in the site of inoculation in immunocompetent individuals; however, in immunocompromised patients, it can become widespread. Protothecosis caused by P. wickerhamii was recently reported in

Tecnologías emergentes para la conservación de alimentos sin calor

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Fernández Molina, Juan José

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Not available

Se han investigado los principios básicos de tres tecnologías emergentes para pasteurizar y esterilizar alimentos sin empleo del calor Mediante numerosos estudios se ha comprobado la efectividad de los campos eléctricos pulsantes de alta intensidad (CEPAI, los pulsos de luz (PL y los campos magnéticos oscilantes (CMO en la destrucción de microorganismos y enzimas de sistemas alimentarios. En la inactivación microbiana por CEPA!, el blanco principal es la membrana celular que, al ser sometida a campos eléctricos de alta intensidad, se hace permeable formando huecos o poros cuyo tamaño se incrementa a medida que aumenta la intensidad del campo eléctrico o el tiempo de tratamiento o se reduce la resistencia iónica del medio de pulsación. Por otra parte, los PL inducen reacciones fotoquímicas y fototérmicas en los alimentos, causando la muerte de gran cantidad de microorganismos, especialmente en productos alimenticios envasados. Los CMO producen simulación o inhibición en el crecimiento y reproducción de los microorganismos, un simple pulso de intensidad de 5-10 teslas y frecuencias de 5-500 kHz es suficiente para reducir el número de microorganismos en un mínimo de 2 ciclos logarítmicos. Se ha comprobado que estas tecnologías alargan la vida de anaquel de diversos productos alimenticios y pueden ser consideradas como sustitutos parciales de los procesos convencionales de pasteurización y esterilización de alimentos por tratamientos térmicos.

Teoría emergente en la construcción del saber pedagógico

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Víctor Díaz Quero

2004-05-01

Full Text Available Explicar la construcción y reconstrucción del saber pedagógico de los docentes, desde las perspectivas de su formación y experiencia constituyó el propósito de este trabajo. La naturaleza de la investigación refiere la subjetividad como fuente de conocimiento y componente dimensional de lo humano. El método tilizado fue la etnometodología para evidenciar la acción del hombre y de los significados que da a su propia actividad. Se seleccionaron (6 seis docentes de manera intencional, quienes participaron como sujetos que construyen y reconstruyen sus prácticas como instancia de la construcción de su saber. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de la entrevista semiestructurada, con base en tres criterios: (a grado de apertura. (b grado de socialización y (c área de interés. El análisis de esta información, permitió su organización en una red conceptual constituida por unidades de información, categorías, tipologías y conceptos integradores que logran configurar la teoría emergente a partir de la reflexión del docente, sobre y desde sus prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan como uno de los principales hallazgos, la existencia en los docentes de un pensamiento disociado entre teoría y práctica y una teoría que define epistemológicamente al saber pedagógico como un proceso complejo y permanente.

Violencia intrafamiliar en estudiantes de primer año de la Escuela Emergente de Enfermería

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Margarita Díaz Lemus

Full Text Available Introducción: la familia como célula fundamental de la sociedad, tiene entre sus funciones la educación de las nuevas generaciones. En ella pueden aparecer episodios de violencia intrafamiliar que resultan difíciles de identificar y de afrontar por los adolescentes. Objetivos: identificar la presencia de violencia en las familias de los estudiantes de enfermería de primer año de la Escuela de Formación Emergente de Enfermería, así como determinar la relación entre el agresor y los tipos de violencia intrafamiliar. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 101 estudiantes de la sede del municipio Cotorro. La muestra fue de 72 estudiantes que reconocieron la presencia de violencia intrafamiliar en sus hogares. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos de revisión documental y métodos empíricos de grupos focales y encuesta. Resultados: existe violencia intrafamiliar en la mayoría de los hogares de los estudiantes estudiados, donde los padres y las madres son los agresores fundamentales. Conclusiones: las manifestaciones de violencia intrafamiliar más representadas fueron el abuso emocional y la agresión física.

Meningoencefalite linfomonocitária crônica, oligoartrite e eritema nodoso: relato de síndrome de Baggio-Yoshinari de longa e recorrente evolução

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Nilton Salles Rosa Neto

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A borreliose humana brasileira, também conhecida como Síndrome de Baggio-Yoshinari (SBY, é uma enfermidade infecciosa própria do território brasileiro, transmitida por carrapatos não pertencentes ao complexo Ixodes ricinus, causada por espiroqueta do gênero Borrelia e que apresenta semelhanças clínicas e laboratoriais com a Doença de Lyme (DL. A SBY distingue-se da DL por apresentar evolução clínica prolongada, com episódios de recorrência e importante disfunção autoimune. Descreveremos o caso de uma paciente jovem, que desenvolveu progressivamente durante cerca de um ano oligoartrite de grandes articulações, seguida de distúrbio do cognitivo, meningoencefalite e eritema nodoso. O diagnóstico foi firmado devido à concomitância de queixas articulares e neurológicas com sorologia positiva para Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. A paciente foi medicada com ceftriaxone 2 g/EV/dia por 30 dias, seguido de dois meses de doxiciclina 100 mg duas vezes ao dia. Houve remissão dos sintomas e normalização dos exames sorológicos para a borreliose. A SBY é uma zoonose emergente descrita apenas no Brasil, cuja frequência tem crescido bastante, e que, em razão das importantes diferenças nos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais em relação à DL, merece especial atenção da classe médica do país. Trata-se de zoonose camuflada e de difícil diagnóstico, mas este deve ser perseguido com tenacidade, pois a enfermidade responde aos antibióticos no estágio inicial, podendo evoluir com sequelas neurológicas e articulares nos casos reconhecidos tardiamente ou recorrentes.

Criptosporidiosis: una zoonosis emergente Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging zoonosis

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V. F. Del Coco

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El género Cryptosporidium, responsable de la criptosporidiosis, abarca diversas especies. El ganado vacuno y el hombre constituyen las principales fuentes de infección. Los brotes de criptosporidiosis están asociados al agua de consumo, por ser el ooquiste -la forma infectante del parásito- resistente a los tratamientos convencionales de potabilización. En individuos inmunocompetentes es causa de diarrea aguda, normalmente autolimitada. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos la enfermedad puede adquirir formas graves, potencialmente fatales. Las personas afectadas por el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida son particularmente propensas a padecer formas graves de criptosporidiosis. En terneros, las infecciones por Cryptosporidium son consideradas un factor de morbimortalidad y conducen a grandes pérdidas económicas. En los últimos años, el incremento del número de pacientes con distintas causas de inmunosupresión ha aumentado la necesidad de encontrar un tratamiento efectivo para la infección por Cryptosporidium. A pesar de los numerosos intentos de la industria farmacéutica de desarrollar un antiparasitario efectivo, la infección gastrointestinal por Cryptosporidium y sus consecuencias clínicas continúan siendo un importante problema en materia de salud pública. En la presente actualización se analiza la taxonomía, la morfología, la biología y el ciclo evolutivo de Cryptosporidium, así como también los aspectos clínicos, inmunológicos, diagnósticos y epidemiológicos de la criptosporidiosis. Se discute el tratamiento y la profilaxis de esta afección y se sugieren pautas tendientes a lograr un control más adecuado de esta parasitosis emergente.The genus Cryptosporidium, responsible for producing cryptosporidiosis, includes several species. Humans and livestock are the main sources of infection. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreaks are associated with drinking water. The infective parasite stage is the oocyst, which is

Public health challenges and emerging diseases: the case of São Paulo Doenças emergentes e desafios à saúde pública. O caso de São Paulo

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Luiz Jacintho da Silva

2001-01-01

Full Text Available The author discusses the challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases in 100 years of public health in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. With an advanced and organized public health system, São Paulo responded to the emergence of infectious diseases by creating research institutions and control programs. The late 19th century witnessed the first modern research institution in microbiology, in response to the bubonic plague. A changing economy led to constant changes in ecosystems. The late 20th century presents a wide array of both emerging and rapidly changing infectious diseases. The present situation calls for creative solutions. Ecosystem analysis and more agile epidemiological surveillance are seen as the best alternatives.O artigo apresenta uma discussão a respeito dos desafios enfrentados pela saúde pública paulista durante cem anos de ocorrência de doenças infecciosas emergentes. Com uma saúde pública avançada e organizada, São Paulo respondeu a esses desafios por meio da criação de instituições de pesquisa e programas de controle. O final do século XIX assistiu à criação do primeiro instituto moderno de pesquisa em microbiologia, em resposta à ocorrência da peste bubônica. Uma economia em transformação determinou a constante mudança dos ecossistemas. O final do século XX traz uma vasta gama de doenças infecciosas, emergentes ou em rápida transformação. A situação presente pede soluções criativas. A análise de ecossistemas e uma vigilância epidemiológica ágil são apresentadas como as soluções mais viáveis.

Listeria monocytogenes infection in poultry and its public health importance with special reference to food borne zoonoses.

Science.gov (United States)

Dhama, Kuldeep; Verma, Amit Kumar; Rajagunalan, S; Kumar, Amit; Tiwari, Ruchi; Chakraborty, Sandip; Kumar, Rajesh

2013-04-01

Listeriosis is a disease that causes septicemia or encephalitis in humans, animals and birds. Although, the disease is rare and sporadic in poultry but if occurs then causes septicemia or sometimes localized encephalitis. Occasionally, the disease is seen in young chicks and the causative agent, like in humans and animals, is Listeria monocytogenes. The organism is capable to infect almost all animals and poultry; however, outbreaks of listeriosis are infrequent in birds. It is widely distributed among avian species and chickens, turkeys, waterfowl (geese, ducks), game birds, pigeons, parrots, wood grouse, snowy owl, eagle, canaries, which appear to be the most commonly affected. Chickens are thought to be the carriers of Listeria and also the prime reservoirs for the infection and thus contaminate the litter and environment of the poultry production units. Listeriosis is often noticed along with other poultry diseases such as coccidiosis, infectious coryza, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis and parasitic infections, signifying the opportunistic nature of the organism. Intestinal colonization of poultry and the presence of L. monocytogenes in feces represent a potential source of the organism for listeriosis in ruminants. Man gets infection from raw broiler meat due to Listeria contamination and unhygienic conditions of the processing area, rather than acquiring direct infection from birds. With the changing food habits of the people, the health consciousness is also increasing and since listeriosis has now been recognized as an emerging food borne zoonoses. Therefore, this review has been compiled to make aware the poultry producers and the consumers of poultry meat/products regarding the importance of the disease and its public health significance.

Estratégias analíticas baseadas no emprego da extração em fase sólida para a determinação cromatográfica de contaminantes emergentes em águas naturais

OpenAIRE

Castro, Franciane Silva Beltramin de

2016-01-01

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Marco Tadeu Grassi Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Bruno J. Gonçalves da Silva Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/06/2016 Inclui referências : f. 82-89 Resumo: A quantidade de contaminantes em águas superficiais e subterrâneas têm aumentado muito nas últimas décadas. Dentre os contaminantes que podem estar presentes na água estão os contaminantes emergentes, q...

REGIME DE METAS DE INFLAÇÃO: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA E EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS PARA PAÍSES EMERGENTES SELECIONADOS

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Mateus Ramalho Ribeiro da Fonseca

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o regime de metas de inflação (RMI no Brasil à luz das experiências de outros países emergentes selecionados, quais sejam: África do Sul, Chile, Colômbia, Coreia do Sul e México. Para tanto, há uma exposição dos contextos nos quais o RMI foi adotado nesses países, bem como uma comparação entre os arranjos desses regimes, para se distinguir suas principais características. Por fim, é estimado um modelo autorregressivo com vetores de correção de erros (VEC para cada país selecionado, de modo a criar condições para uma análise da eficácia do RMI nessas economias. Os resultados empíricos da pesquisa sugerem que os Regimes de Metas de inflação mais flexíveis (África do Sul, Chile, Colômbia, Coreia do Sul são relativamente mais eficazes em termos de combate à inflação que os regimes mais rígidos (Brasil e México.

La influencia de las TIC en la construcción del mestizaje cultural: el otakismo como un fenómeno emergente de la sociedad en red

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Verónica Paulina Proaño Vallejo

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La complejidad de las relaciones contemporáneas dificulta enormemente la clasificación del locus y la visibilización de los significados imperantes en los imaginarios. En el siglo XXI cobra especial relevancia la ciberesfera, un paradigma emergente que estimula el surgimiento de culturas gestionadas desde el campo virtual, como la del otakismo. Con este ensayo, describimos las principales características de un tipo de cultura que continúa los esfuerzos iniciados durante los siglos XIX y XX y que tiene una vigorosa presencia tanto dentro de la llamada sociedad de consumo como de la sociedad en red. El resultado de la interrelación de estos vectores enunciados produce una integración simbólica identificada por el mestizaje de algunos valores locales japoneses con el lenguaje audiovisual y la tecnología.

Análise das Principais Práticas de TI Verde com o Uso de Tecnologias Emergentes: Estudo Multicaso

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Patricia Miyumi Matsuda

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer relações e classificações entre atributos do modelo de Lunardi, Frio e Brum (2011 sobre as principais práticas de TI Verde adotadas pelas organizações. Para este trabalho descritivo foram utilizadas a análise documental e a análise de conteúdo com o apoio do software NVivo que envolveu múltiplas fontes de coletas de dados com uso de websites internos e externos às empresas, pesquisas, documentos públicos e entrevistas veiculadas na mídia digital para 15 casos identificados pelas suas práticas de TI Verde. Como resultado, observaram-se características na adoção de medidas sustentáveis em algumas organizações relativas as responsabilidades no uso de novas tecnologias emergentes, entre elas, cloud computing, datacenter e virtualização que incorporem aspectos sociais e ambientais. As empresas analisadas demonstraram dentro de um estágio de “Avançado” e “Moderado” que iniciativas e práticas de TI Verde colaboram para a sustentabilidade de seus negócios, dado que muitas destas empresas estão inseridas em atividades distintas no mercado conforme observado nos casos analisados.

Escherichia coli O157:H7- patógeno alimentar emergente / Escherichia coli O157:H7 - emerging food pathogen

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Cheila Minéia Daniel de Paula

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, cerca de 2,2 milhões de pessoas morrem anualmente em função de doenças hídricas ou alimentares, a maioria dos quais são crianças. Estas doenças são causadas por patógenos já conhecidos, emergentes ou reemergentes, principalmente bactérias. A globalização tem contribuído na disseminação de patógenos de origem alimentar, aumentando o desafio relacionado à identificação da origem desses agentes e à elaboração de regulamentação e fiscalização adequadas. O cenário das Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA muda constantemente e a prevalência de determinada doença varia de época para época, assim como os agentes etiológicos destas. Dentre os principais patógenos emergentes em nível mundial, E. coli O157:H7 tem ganhado grande destaque nos últimos 20 anos, devido à severidade de seus surtos. Até pouco tempo, o Brasil era considerado livre desse patógeno, porém a bibliografia científica e registros epidemiológicos demonstram o contrário. Em vista disso, o presente artigo objetiva realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura, enfocando as características, os métodos de isolamento e detecção e os dados epidemiológicos da E. coli O157:H7 no Brasil e no mundo. =============================================== According to the World Health Organization, about 2.2 million people, most of whom are children, die each year due to water and foodborne illnesses. These illnesses are caused by known, emerging, or reemerging pathogens, mainly bacteria. Globalization has contributed to the spread of foodborne pathogens, increasing the challenge of identifying the origin of these agents and of developing appropriate regulation and monitoring. The scenario of Foodborne Illnesses (FI constantly changes and the prevalence of a particular illnesses as well as its etiological agents, vary from season to season. Among the major emerging pathogens at a global level, E. coli O157:H7

Web Analytics: Modelos de Métricas de Engajamento em Mídias Emergentes

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Sionara Ioco Okada

2012-02-01

Full Text Available As transformações no comportamento do consumidor inauguraram a “Era da recomendação com a disseminação exponencial de conteúdo relevante, ascensão do prosumerismo e crowdsourcing. A mensuração e o monitoramento contínuo das ações mercadológicas levam ao conhecimento do comportamento do consumidor, não somente nas variáveis como freqüência, recência e valor de compra, mas também nos quesitos engajamento e interação com o produto e/ou marca. O desenvolvimento de métricas para múltiplas mídias elevam a quantidade de informações úteis sobre o perfil de consumo possibilitando a otimização das estratégias digitais à públicos segmentados. Este é um artigo de atualização que tem por objetivo revisar as últimas publicações sobre modelos de métricas - web analytics – WA coadunando estratégias digitais em plataformas e mídias emergentes. Quanto à metodologia utilizada, trata-se de uma investigação secundária, sobretudo bibliográfica visando à atualização e análise comparativa de três modelos web analytics – wa para organizações que atuam no varejo eletrônico, utilizando diferentes canais digitais. O estudo enfoca: i Modelo dos Cinco Estágios de competição analítica, proposto por Davenport; ii Modelo de maturidade em web analytics, proposto por Hammel; iii Modelo Web Analytics Scorecard, proposto por Giuntini & Morier. A expansão do M-commerce e o advento do Social commerce assumem-se como tendências irreversíveis, exigindo das organizações que atuam no varejo eletrônico, métricas e indicadores de desempenho para um monitoramento contínuo do comportamento do consumidor, de modo a consolidar a interação e as métricas de engajamento como principais protagonistas das estratégias digitais contemporâneas. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v10i3.2271

Novas Tecnologias Educacionais: Uma Cultura Emergente na Formação Docente

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Maria Augusta Bernardo Marques de Mendon

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar a incorporação da cultura emergente na formação docente, ou seja, compreender como as novas tecnologias, recentemente difundidas nos meios educacionais, vêm sendo tratadas pelos processos de formação continuada e incluídas nas práticas pedagógicas. Na delimitação do estudo, procuramos investigar as dificuldades dos professores com a utilização dos novos recursos tecnológicos, considerando-se os fatores internos e externos que possam estar inviabilizando o sucesso da inclusão digital no ambiente escolar da rede pública estadual. Assim, por meio da pesquisa qualitativa e avaliativa propiciada por um projeto de ação, buscamos entender as interferências que ocorrem na prática docente por meio de observações direcionadas ao desempenho dos professores na utilização dos recursos tecnológicos da sala de informática como instrumentos de desenvolvimento do ensino dos conteúdos escolares. Os resultados obtidos no projeto de ação originaram-se de declarações dos sujeitos e de observações estabelecidas nos módulos de capacitação e de aplicação dos planos de aulas. Esses resultados convergem para os fatores desestimulantes como: excesso de movimentações dos docentes entre as escolas; ausência de pessoas credenciadas na própria escola capazes de coordenar as novas tecnologias educacionais e proporcionar segurança aos docentes; falta de capacitações no próprio ambiente escolar; carência de multiplicadores locais; ausência da previsão de tempo da preparação de aulas com os novos recursos tecnológicos na própria carga horária do professor e a inexistência de regulamentação na gestão administrativa que valorize o certificado da formação continuada. Enfim, as informações analisadas nessa pesquisa pelos aspectos positivos e negativos oferecem espaço para novas investigações dessa natureza.

Integrating market chain assessments with zoonoses risk analysis in two cross-border pig value chains in Lao PDR.

Science.gov (United States)

Okello, Anna L; Tiemann, Tassilo T; Inthavong, Phouth; Khamlome, Boualam; Phengvilaysouk, Ammaly; Keonouchanh, Soukanh; Keokhamphet, Chattouphone; Somoulay, Virasack; Blaszak, Kate; Blacksell, Stuart D; Okello, Walter O; Allen, John

2017-11-01

Lao PDR's recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses-including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella-to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector.

Percepção sobre o conhecimento e profilaxia das zoonoses e posse responsável em pais de alunos do pré-escolar de escolas situadas na comunidade localizada no bairro de Dois Irmãos na cidade do Recife (PE Perception of the zoonosis and responsible pet care by the parents from public schools kindergarten located at metropolitan region of Recife, northeast of Brazil

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Ana Maria Alves Lima

2010-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a percepção sobre zoonoses e posse responsável de pais de alunos, observando o nível de conhecimento e a conscientização dos entrevistados acerca do tema.Uma amostra de conveniência de 64 pais de alunos do pré-escolar de duas escolas situadas na Região Metropolitana do Recife (PE, foi analisada, utilizando um questionário para análise da percepção. Entre os entrevistados, 71,8 % não sabiam reconhecer o significado do termo zoonoses, porém 16% souberam reconhecer pelo menos um tipo de zoonose. Doenças transmitidas de animais a humanos foram associadas a suas formas de transmissão, como contato físico entre animais e o homem, mordeduras, contaminação fecal de água e alimentos com cistos e ovos de nematódeos, penetração de larvas de nematódeos na pele e através de insetos vetores. Os principais cuidados com animais de estimação relatados foram vacinação antirrábica (92,2%, administração de anti-helmínticos (76,6% e consultas ao médico veterinário (82,8%. Contudo, 23,4% dos pais tinham conhecimento que algumas parasitoses transmitidas por fezes de cães e gatos são zoonoses. A conscientização dos pais não apenas sobre doenças transmitidas por animais, mas sobre posse responsável, constitui-se um instrumento importante para reduzir os riscos de transmissão de zoonoses.The goal of this research was to examine parents' perception of the zoonosis and responsible pet care, observing their level of knowledge and awareness about the theme. A convenience sample of 64 parents from two kindergarten schools located at Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco State, was surveyed using a perception questionnaire. Findings indicate that 71.8 % didn't know the meaning of the term zoonosis, but 16% recognize at least one type of the disease. Diseases transmitted from animals to humans were associated to the way of transmission, as physical contact between animal and man, bite wound

Infecciones fúngicas emergentes: fungemia por Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. Reporte de un caso Emerging fungal infections: Sporobolomyces salmonicolor fungemia. Case Report

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Adriana Paola Franco Rodríguez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, la emergencia de infecciones por hongos se ha dado en parte por el aumento en las infecciones por microrganismos que normalmente no son patógenos. El siguiente reporte describe la fungemia y meningoencefalitis por Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, una levadura frecuente en el medio ambiente y las plantas, en un paciente sin factores de riesgo conocidos, con desenlace fatal a pesar del manejo con antifúngicos. Este caso nos recuerda que dentro de las infecciones micóticas emergentes se encuentra el S. salmonicolor y se debe tener en cuenta dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de levaduras en sangre, como causa infrecuente, potencialmente mortal.The emergence of pathogens, mainly fungi, in recent years has been partly due to overappearance of organisms that normally are not pathogenic in humans. The following report describes Sporobolomyces salmonicolor fungaemia and proven meningoencephalitis in a patient not showing risk factors who suffers a fatal outcome despite management with antifungal agents. The said yeast lives mainly in tree environments and plants. This case reminds us that there is S. salmonicolor within the emerging fungal infections, and this fact should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of yeasts in blood as a rare and lifethreatening cause.

Soluciones concluidas en el MERCOSUR en materia de jurisdicción internacional: Análisis de los protocolos de Buenos Aires sobre jurisdicción internacional en materia contractual y de San Luis en materia de resp. civil emergente de accidentes de tránsito

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Eduardo Tellechea Bergman

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Contenido: Precisiones.  La jurisdicción en las relaciones privadas internacionales en el MERCOSUR. Necesidad de una regulación común a todos los estados parte. Protocolo de Buenos Aires sobre jurisdicción internacional en materia contractual. Protocolo de San Luis sobre responsabilidad civil emergente de accidentes de tránsito

Resistencia emergente a los antibióticos: una amenaza global y un problema crítico en el cuidado de la salud

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Claudio Rocha

Full Text Available Después del desarrollo y la comercialización en masa de los antibióticos, las bacterias patógenas y ambientales han desa- rrollado resistencia a los antibióticos desde el siglo pasado, de modo que la infección causada por organismos resistentes a los antibióticos (ORAs podría ser considerada como una infección emergente. Debido a ello, su control debe ser priorizado ya que constituye una amenaza para todas las naciones, sin reparar en su territorio y situación económica. El incremento de la vigilancia en Estados Unidos de América, Europa y Asia Oriental ha ilustrado lo rápido que pueden diseminarse, trayendo como consecuencia un incremento en la carga de infecciones causadas por los ORAs, sin embargo, la información disponible en los países de continuo desarrollo en América Latina es limitada. Esta revisión describe información reciente de estudios de vigilancia de ORAs en América Latina, así como también fuentes comunes de ORAs y posibles estrategias para su control.

One Health Information and Communication Technology. How digital humanities contribute to public health.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ossebaard, Hans Cornelis

2013-01-01

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that are transmitted either directly or indirectly from animals to human beings. The human and economic costs of zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance can hardly be overestimated. Due to ecological and socioeconomic behavioral changes, new and different zoonoses

Occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet, 1898 larvae (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae infecting Achatina (Lissachatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 (Mollusca: Gastropoda in the Amazon region Ocorrência de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet, 1898 (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae infectando o Achatina (Lissachatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 (Mollusca: Gastropoda na região amazônica

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Sanny Maria de Andrade-Porto

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Achatina fulica or "giant African snail" is an exotic species, considered to be one of the world's hundred most invasive species, causing serious environmental damages. In the present study we report, for the first time, the occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infecting A.fulica in the Amazon region. This nematode is described parasitizing mainly the pulmonary system of felines, which causes "aelurostrongilose", also known as feline cardio-pulmonary strongyloidosis. New morphometric data of third stage larvae are presented herein. The present study demonstrated that 40% of all the snails were infected by A. abstrusus. Achatina fulica specimens were collected from three different areas in Manaus namely: rural; east and west areas. The east area presents the highest prevalence of 80%. The large number of A.fulica found in inhabited areas increases the chances of emergent zoonoses, which highlights the need of further studies so as to better control this disease.Achatina fulica ou "caramujo africano" é uma espécie exótica, considerada uma das cem piores espécies invasoras do mundo, causando sérios danos ambientais. No presente estudo foi registrado, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência do Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infectando o A.fulica na região amazônica. Esse nematóide é descrito parasitando principalmente o sistema pulmonar de felinos, causando a "aelurostrongilose", também conhecida como estrongiloidose cardio-pulmonar felina. Novos dados morfométricos de larvas de terceiro estágio são apresentados. Dos 45 caramujos coletados, 40% estavam infectados por larvas de A. abstrusus. Especimens de Achatina fulica foram coletados em três áreas da cidade de Manaus: rural, leste e oeste. A zona leste apresentou a maior prevalência de 80%. O grande número de A.fulica encontrado em áreas habitadas aumenta as chances de ocorrência de zoonoses emergentes e destaca a necessidade de mais estudos para o melhor controle da doença.

Primeiro caso de febre maculosa brasileira branda associada à artrite

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Virgínia Lucia Nazario Bonoldi

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Descrevemos o primeiro caso brasileiro de Riquetsiose branda, agravada por monoartrite em joelho, em adulto jovem picado por carrapato na perna esquerda na região de Camburi, localizada no município de São Sebastião, sul da região costeira do estado de São Paulo, Mata Atlântica, Brasil. O paciente apresentou uma escara de inoculação no local da picada do carrapato, associada ao aumento ganglionar em virilha esquerda, febre, poliartralgia, cefaleia e erupção macular. Vinte dias após o episódio da picada de carrapato, o paciente apresentou monoartrite em joelho direito. O diagnóstico de Riquetsiose branda foi estabelecido pela análise imunológica sequencial em amostras de soro e líquido sinovial, tendo sido empregada a técnica de imunofluorescência (IF indireta para anticorpos reativos contra Rickettsia parkeri e Rickettsia rickettsii. A Riquetsiose branda é uma zoonose emergente, que deve ser investigada pelos médicos, incluindo reumatologistas, em pacientes que apresentem erupção macular, febre e, eventualmente, artrite, após visita ao sul da região costeira da Mata Atlântica no Brasil.

Household knowledge, attitudes and practices related to pet contact and associated zoonoses in Ontario, Canada

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Background Many human infections are transmitted through contact with animals (zoonoses), including household pets. Although pet ownership is common in most countries and non-pet owners may have frequent contact with pets, there is limited knowledge of the public’s pet contact practices and awareness of zoonotic disease risks from pets. The objective of this study was to characterize the general public’s knowledge, attitudes and risks related to pet ownership and animal contact in southern Ontario, Canada. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to individuals at two multi-physician clinics in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada during 2010. A single adult from each household was invited to participate in the study. Results Seventy five percent (641/853) of individuals approached completed the questionnaire. Pet ownership and contact were common; 64% of participants had a pet in their household and 37% of non-pet owning households had a member with at least weekly animal contact outside the home. Pet ownership was high (55%) for households with individuals at higher risk for infections (i.e., pet-associated disease risks. When given a list of 11 infectious pathogens, respondents were only able to correctly classify just over half on their potential to be transmitted from pets to people (mean 6.4); independently, pet owners and those who recalled receiving information in the past about this topic were able to make significantly more correct identifications. Pet (36%) and non-pet owning households (10%) reported dog or cat bites or scratches during the preceding year. Households with individuals at higher risk for an infection did not differ from the remaining households regarding their perceived disease risk of pets, zoonotic disease knowledge, recall of being asked by their medical provider if they owned any pets, or recall of having received information regarding pet-associated disease risks and preventive measures. Conclusions These results suggest

Desenvolvimento e estudo de um sistema para tratamento de fenol e poluentes orgânicos emergentes (POE) por processos oxidativos avançados (POA) utilizando ozônio, peróxido de hidrogênio e radiação ultravioleta

OpenAIRE

Felipe Rufine Nolasco

2014-01-01

O estudo avaliou a efetividade de um sistema para tratamento de soluções aquosas contendo poluentes orgânicos emergentes (POE), denominados interferentes endócrinos (IE). Baseado nos processos oxidativos avançados (POA), empregando ozônio, radiação UV, peróxido de hidrogênio e variação de pH, o estudo possibilitou determinar a relação ideal oxidante/poluentes e o custo/benefício dos tratamentos com melhores desempenhos, de degradação do padrão contendo hormônios 17?-estradiol (E2) e 17?-etini...

Disaster response under One Health in the aftermath of Nepal earthquake, 2015.

Science.gov (United States)

Asokan, G V; Vanitha, A

2017-03-01

Until now, an estimate quotes that 1100 healthcare facilities were damaged and over 100,000 livestock lost in the two earthquakes that occurred in April and May of 2015 in Nepal. Threats of infectious diseases, mostly zoonoses, could affect Nepal's economy, trade, and tourism, and reaching the targets of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Historically, outbreaks of infectious diseases, including zoonoses, were largely associated with the aftereffects of the earthquakes. It has been documented that zoonoses constitute 61% of all known infectious diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this communication was to examine the infectious disease outbreaks after earthquakes around the world and explore the risk assessment of the zoonoses threats reported in Nepal and highlight adopting One Health. Our summaries on reported zoonoses in Nepal have shown that parasitic zoonoses were predominant, but other infectious disease outbreaks can occur. The fragile public health infrastructure and inadequately trained public health personnel can accelerate the transmission of infections, mostly zoonoses, in the post impact phase of the earthquake in Nepal. Therefore, we believe that with the support of aid agencies, veterinarians and health professionals can team up to resolve the crisis under One Health. Copyright © 2016 Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

World Health Day 1997: emerging infectious diseases Día Mundial de la Salud 1997: enfermedades infecciosas emergentes

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1997-05-01

Full Text Available Para el Día Mundial de la Salud de 1997, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS ha elegido el tema "Enfermedades infecciosas emergentes; alerta mundial, respuesta mundial" con el fin de llamar la atención hacia la amenaza que representan algunas enfermedades infecciosas recientemente reconocidas en seres humanos y otras que han vuelto a aparecer. En la emergencia y reemergencia de enfermedades infecciosas intervienen factores como el deterioro de la infraestructura de salud pública, la creciente resistencia microbiana a los antibióticos y los cambios sociales y ecológicos asociados con el crecimiento de la población humana. La OMS ha hecho hincapié en la necesidad de que se compromentan a entrar juntos en acción tanto países como organizaciones internacionales, organizaciones no gubernamentales e individuos, con objeto de mejorar la vigilancia de las enfermedades y la capacidad de controlarlas para prevenir y refrenar las epidemias. Por su parte, la OMS está reforzando su sistema de vigilancia mundial tripartito, que consta de los centros de colaboración de la OMS en el área de enfermedades infecciosas, las redes de monitoreo de resistencia antimicrobiana y el Reglamento Sanitario Internacional. Para hacer frente adecuadamente al problema de las enfermedades infecciosas durante el siglo próximo, se necesitarán programas de vigilancia y control; redes mundiales de monitoreo y notificación; rápido intercambio de información por vía electrónica (incluida la World Wide Web; y un estado de preparación efectivo con la capacidad para responder rápidamente a las epidemias y contenerlas.

La relevancia de auditar requisitos de información en el diseño de sistemas de gestión de documentos: Métodos tradicionales, enfoques emergentes The importance of audit information requirements in the design of records management systems: Traditional methodologies and emerging approaches

OpenAIRE

María M. Moro Cabero

2011-01-01

El presente ensayo justifica el análisis de requisitos de información frente a un contexto de cambio en las organizaciones y enumera los factores que inciden en su evolución. Se investigan y describen los principales métodos y técnicas empleados en la auditoría de requisitos, señalando los enfoques emergentes más destacados. También se enuncian algunas experiencias internacionales y nacionales y se incorporan sugerencias de trabajo. Para la elaboración de este texto se han revisado y analizad...

Historical zoonoses and other changes in host tropism of Staphylococcus aureus, identified by phylogenetic analysis of a population dataset.

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Marcus A Shepheard

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus exhibits tropisms to many distinct animal hosts. While spillover events can occur wherever there is an interface between host species, changes in host tropism only occur with the establishment of sustained transmission in the new host species, leading to clonal expansion. Although the genomic variation underpinning adaptation in S. aureus genotypes infecting bovids and poultry has been well characterized the frequency of switches from one host to another remains obscure. We sought to identify sustained switches in host tropism in the S. aureus population, both anthroponotic and zoonotic, and their distribution over the species phylogeny. METHODOLOGIES/RESULTS: We have used a sample of 3042 isolates, representing 696 distinct MLST genotypes, from a well-established database (www.mlst.net. Using an empirical parsimony approach (AdaptML we have investigated the distribution of switches in host association between both human and non-human (henceforth referred to as animal hosts. We reconstructed a credible description of past events in the form of a phylogenetic tree; the nodes and leaves of which are statistically associated with either human or animal habitats, estimated from extant host-association and the degree of sequence divergence between genotypes. We identified 15 likely historical switching events; 13 anthroponoses and two zoonoses. Importantly, we identified two human-associated clade candidates (CC25 and CC59 that have arisen from animal-associated ancestors; this demonstrates that a human-specific lineage can emerge from an animal host. We also highlight novel rabbit-associated genotypes arising from a human ancestor.S. aureus is an organism with the capacity to switch into and adapt to novel hosts, even after long periods of isolation in a single host species. Based on this evidence, animal-adapted S. aureus lineages exhibiting resistance to antibiotics must be considered a major threat to public health, as they

Aproximación a las categorías emergentes que configuran los modos de ser en el mundo de 8 adolescentes entre los 15 y 18 años de edad de tres instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín

OpenAIRE

Quintero Pérez, Sandra Milena

2011-01-01

Ubicación en Biblioteca USB Medellín (San Benito): CD-2058t .-- Grupo de Investigación en Estudios Clínicos y Sociales en Psicología .-- Línea de Investigación: Psicología Humanista Existencial La presente investigación busca hacer una comprensión de las categorías emergentes que configuran los modos de ser de los adolescentes de ocho adolescentes de la ciudad de Medellín, siguiendo como ruta de orientación el método fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se toman como aspectos claves para comprende...

Educación-comunicación-tecnología, un campo emergente: retos y problemas en los escenarios epistemológicos y políticos del mundo actual

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Álvaro Acevedo Tarazona

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La historia de la educación es también una forma de abordar el gran campo de la educación si se asume éste como el devenir de aquellas acciones que se dirigen a modificar la conducta humana mediante la enseñanza de lenguajes y la puesta en ejecución de actividades, operaciones concretas, prácticas (didácticas, tanto en los espacios formales como no formales (la escuela, la universidad. La presente reflexión tiene como propósito dirigir la discusión sobre algunos temas considerados hoy fundamentales en la docencia, sobre todo ante a los nuevos retos que entraña los cambios epistemológicos y las prácticas en la educación. Estos temas son: la crisis del proyecto educativo de la modernidad; la educación-comunicación-tecnología, un campo emergente; la inquietante pregunta por la muerte del libro, la mutación de los desarrollos disciplinarios y, por último, el docente como un agente del cambio social.

LEVANTAMENTO DA FLORA EMERGENTE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM SISTEMAS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SURVEY OF THE WEED EMERGING FLORA IN SOIL COVER SYSTEMS

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Nicolas Bernon

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a flora emergente de plântulas e plantas daninhas em vários sistemas de cobertura do solo e manejo com: a culturas de cobertura em plantio direto (feijão-de-porco; braquiária; milheto; mucuna cinza; aveia; mucuna rajada; trigo sarraceno; crotalária e b sistemas de cultivo (cultivo mínimo; retirada da cobertura; plantio direto no mato; plantio convencional. A avaliação da flora emergente demonstrou que, dentre as culturas de cobertura, os tratamentos com milheto e braquiária apresentaram baixa incidência de monocotiledôneas (0,66 pl/m², diferenciando-se, entretanto, apenas do plantio convencional (50,33 pl/m². A ocorrência de dicotiledôneas foi inibida quando em presença de crotalária, trigo sarraceno e milheto (1,00; 1,00; 1,33 pl/m², respectivamente, que se diferenciaram dentre as culturas de cobertura, apenas da aveia (18,66 pl/m². Houve uma elevada população de plantas residuais de milheto (130,66 pl/m², estatisticamente superior ao residual das culturas de braquiária, mucuna cinza, mucuna rajada (1,00; 0,00; 0,33 pl/m², respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a cobertura total do solo foi a proporcionada pela braquiária, com eficiente controle de plantas daninhas. O milheto e a crotalária controlaram muito bem as espécies mono e dicotiledôneas, estabelecendo uma boa cobertura do solo. Contudo, a emergência de plântulas de milheto, após o cultivo desta cultura, pode dificultar o manejo para implantação da cultura subseqüente.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistemas; plantas daninhas; manejo; flora.

The emerging flora of seedlings and weeds in several soil cover systems was studied through: a cover crops under no-tillage (pigpeas; brachiaria; pearl millet; gray mucuna; oats; striped mucuna; saracen wheat; crotalaria and

An integrated database on ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in the tropics and subtropics with special reference to developing and emerging countries.

Science.gov (United States)

Vesco, Umberto; Knap, Nataša; Labruna, Marcelo B; Avšič-Županc, Tatjana; Estrada-Peña, Agustín; Guglielmone, Alberto A; Bechara, Gervasio H; Gueye, Arona; Lakos, Andras; Grindatto, Anna; Conte, Valeria; De Meneghi, Daniele

2011-05-01

Tick-borne zoonoses (TBZ) are emerging diseases worldwide. A large amount of information (e.g. case reports, results of epidemiological surveillance, etc.) is dispersed through various reference sources (ISI and non-ISI journals, conference proceedings, technical reports, etc.). An integrated database-derived from the ICTTD-3 project ( http://www.icttd.nl )-was developed in order to gather TBZ records in the (sub-)tropics, collected both by the authors and collaborators worldwide. A dedicated website ( http://www.tickbornezoonoses.org ) was created to promote collaboration and circulate information. Data collected are made freely available to researchers for analysis by spatial methods, integrating mapped ecological factors for predicting TBZ risk. The authors present the assembly process of the TBZ database: the compilation of an updated list of TBZ relevant for (sub-)tropics, the database design and its structure, the method of bibliographic search, the assessment of spatial precision of geo-referenced records. At the time of writing, 725 records extracted from 337 publications related to 59 countries in the (sub-)tropics, have been entered in the database. TBZ distribution maps were also produced. Imported cases have been also accounted for. The most important datasets with geo-referenced records were those on Spotted Fever Group rickettsiosis in Latin-America and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Africa. The authors stress the need for international collaboration in data collection to update and improve the database. Supervision of data entered remains always necessary. Means to foster collaboration are discussed. The paper is also intended to describe the challenges encountered to assemble spatial data from various sources and to help develop similar data collections.

Mixed Methods Survey of Zoonotic Disease Awareness and Practice among Animal and Human Healthcare Providers in Moshi, Tanzania.

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Helen L Zhang

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Zoonoses are common causes of human and livestock illness in Tanzania. Previous studies have shown that brucellosis, leptospirosis, and Q fever account for a large proportion of human febrile illness in northern Tanzania, yet they are infrequently diagnosed. We conducted this study to assess awareness and knowledge regarding selected zoonoses among healthcare providers in Moshi, Tanzania; to determine what diagnostic and treatment protocols are utilized; and obtain insights into contextual factors contributing to the apparent under-diagnosis of zoonoses.We conducted a questionnaire about zoonoses knowledge, case reporting, and testing with 52 human health practitioners and 10 livestock health providers. Immediately following questionnaire administration, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 of these respondents, using the findings of a previous fever etiology study to prompt conversation. Sixty respondents (97% had heard of brucellosis, 26 (42% leptospirosis, and 20 (32% Q fever. Animal sector respondents reported seeing cases of animal brucellosis (4, rabies (4, and anthrax (3 in the previous 12 months. Human sector respondents reported cases of human brucellosis (15, 29%, rabies (9, 18% and anthrax (6, 12%. None reported leptospirosis or Q fever cases. Nineteen respondents were aware of a local diagnostic test for human brucellosis. Reports of tests for human leptospirosis or Q fever, or for any of the study pathogens in animals, were rare. Many respondents expressed awareness of malaria over-diagnosis and zoonoses under-diagnosis, and many identified low knowledge and testing capacity as reasons for zoonoses under-diagnosis.This study revealed differences in knowledge of different zoonoses and low case report frequencies of brucellosis, leptospirosis, and Q fever. There was a lack of known diagnostic services for leptospirosis and Q fever. These findings emphasize a need for improved diagnostic capacity alongside healthcare

Transformações globais, potências emergentes e Cooperação Sul-Sul: desafios para a cooperação europeia

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Bruno Ayllón Pino

Full Text Available A União Europeia (UE e seus Estados Membros enfrentam o desafio de adaptar sua política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento a um mundo marcado por rápidas mudanças na criação e distribuição da riqueza e na difusão do poder. A ascensão dos países emergentes, o auge da Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS, os avanços na luta contra a pobreza em Países de Renda Média (PRM, ou o impacto traumático da crise nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE, são fatores que originarão grandes transformações estruturais e obrigarão uma modificação do sentido e da prática da cooperação europeia. A negociação das perspectivas financeiras para 2014-2020 e a reforma nos instrumentos de cooperação da Comissão Europeia (CE constituem uma primeira resposta a essas mudanças. O maior interesse demonstrado pela CSS em alguns Estados Membros e o desencadeamento de iniciativas de cooperação triangular com países como o Brasil representam um sinal da busca de horizontalidade e complementaridade na cooperação europeia com os países latino-americanos.

Genes, visibilidad mediática y discursos emergentes. Análisis semántico-pragmático de notas cortas

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Alicia Pineda

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Se analizó una nota corta sobre “descubrimiento de genes” para develar recursos y estrategias utilizadas por el emisor del mensaje para llegar al público meta. Se aplicó el enfoque integrado semántico-pragmático del discurso combinado con el análisis semiodiscursivo. Los resultados muestran en cada fase del enfoque seleccionado los mecanismos que contribuyen con la reducción de la complejidad de la información cuando se utiliza el lenguaje con fines comunicativos. Las conclusiones son las siguientes: 1. La nota corta es un género discursivo híbrido que se mueve entre los discursos referido y comentado. 2. El análisis devela la complementariedad entre tradicionales estrategias lingüístico-discursivas y las emergentes que rescatan la visibilización de los procesos colectivos y de equipo en la realización de las actividades de investigación y desarrollo y que describen, explican y argumentan sobre procesos de investigación y no solo sobre sus productos. 3. El plan discursivo de la nota corta muestra, fundamentalmente, que la combinación de recursos y estrategias obedeció a la finalidad de lograr: (a el mantenimiento del referente. (b “hacer creer” o persuadir sobre los resultados obtenidos mediante la creación de “efecto de verdad”, que se cumple mediante la estrategia de argumentación, en un intento por lograr credibilidad en el receptor. c la integración semántica-pragmática del discurso y el diseño de planes discursivos puede favorecer la comunicación pública de la ciencia y la tecnología en las organizaciones que gestionan la ciencia, tecnología e innovación

EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ); Scientific Opinion on a review on the European Union Summary reports on trends and sources zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2009 and 2010 – specifically for the data on Salmonella, Campylobacter, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hald, Tine

health problems related to food and animal sources in the EU, it is desirable to differentiate between travel within and outside the EU. This would also be useful to better evaluate the public health impact of EU-wide food safety measures. Whenever possible the data/results should be analysed using......The European Union (EU) Summary Reports on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2009 and 2010 – specifically for the data on Salmonella, Campylobacter, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and foodborne outbreaks was reviewed. The main...... insight. Ultimately, summary measures of public health such as disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and cost-of-illness estimates should be presented. Travel information was found to be still incomplete in many MSs. For many pathogens this hampers source attribution. To better understand the public...

Regulatory and scientific frameworks for zoonosis control in Japan--contributing to International Health Regulations (2005).

Science.gov (United States)

Takahashi-Omoe, H; Omoe, K

2009-12-01

Zoonoses have earned recognition as the source of serious problems for both public and animal health throughout the world. Emerging infectious diseases have been occurring at an unprecedented rate since the 1970s and a large proportion of these diseases are considered zoonotic. To aid in controlling zoonoses, countermeasures have been strengthened against these diseases and are maintained at both national and international levels. Atypical example of this international effort can be found in the revised International Health Regulations (2005), known as the IHR (2005), which were instituted by the World Health Organization and have been implemented since 2007. In Japan, the appropriate Ministries have established frameworks for controlling zoonoses that employ both administrative and scientific approaches to fulfill the demands of the IHR (2005). In this paper, the authors present the Japanese framework for controlling zoonoses, as a useful example for global public and animal health management in coming years.

La observación reflexiva y su papel en la incorporación de Tecnologías Emergentes en el aula

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Edgar Andrés Sosa Neira

2018-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es describir cómo la observación reflexiva puede mejorar la práctica de los docentes de los colegios oficiales de Bogotá-Colombia cuando incorporan tecnologías emergentes en el aula a través del ciclo reflexivo de Gibbs, el cual guía al docente a realizar un proceso de reflexión sistemático y dinámico a través de seis fases (descripción, sentimientos, evaluación, análisis, conclusiones y plan de acción. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con alcance descriptivo, la muestra fue de 38 docentes y para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido y la codificación se realizó de manera abierta y axial. Al aplicar las fases del ciclo reflexivo de Gibbs los docentes reconocieron y comprendieron que en toda experiencia se encuentran aspectos positivos y elementos a mejorar para próximas implementaciones lo cual les permite ir transformando su práctica y así generar ambientes de aprendizaje significativos donde se potencializan los aspectos positivos y se reduzcan los negativos. Además, la observación reflexiva promueve el aprendizaje permanente, la capacidad de tomar decisiones y se convierte en una oportunidad para el desarrollo profesional docente. Algunas recomendaciones para futuras experiencias de incorporación de tecnología en el aula es realizar un aprestamiento y reforzamiento tecnológico, una caracterización tecnológica, una puesta a punto de la tecnología a utilizar, prever inconvenientes y entender que la tecnología no es el fin sino un medio para ayudar a mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

Prions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zijderveld, van F.G.

2007-01-01

The report 'Zoonoses and Zoonotic Agents in Humans, Food, Animals and Feed in The Netherlands 2003 - 2006' is based on data that is reported annually to the European Commission, in accordance with the Directive 2003/99/EC on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents. They are supplemented with

Wildlife Pathology Studies and How They Can Inform Public Health.

Science.gov (United States)

McNamara, Tracey S

2016-01-01

Emerging zoonoses have had a serious impact on human and animal health in recent decades. More often than not, these disease outbreaks have taken public health by surprise because we have failed to shift the epidemiological curve to the far left and detect zoonoses in animal populations prior to spillover to people. Not only can animals serve as valuable sentinels for emerging zoonoses but also much can be gained by the study of the animals themselves. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Desafios da Sociologia da Infância: uma área emergente Challenges of the Sociology of Infancy: an emergent area

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Cleber Fabiano da Silva

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio teórico discute os desafios da Sociologia da Infância na contemporaneidade como uma área emergente para se pensar a prática docente com crianças. Para tanto, aborda as mudanças que ocorreram ao longo do tempo. Em cada momento histórico e social há influências contextuais das produções sobre a temática, portanto, tais mudanças são absorvidas de modos diversos, dependendo de cada um desses períodos. Neste sentido, é necessário um olhar atento para a heterogeneidade das experiências sociais e das expressões culturais que introduzem novas lógicas de ação no cerne das transformações em curso nas sociedades contemporâneas, especialmente em relação à infância. A partir de dados recentes de duas pesquisas sobre formação de professoras da educação infantil, refletimos sobre um novo olhar que aborde as crianças também como atores sociais e as especificidades da docência de zero a seis anos.This essay discusses the theoretical challenges of the contemporary sociology of childhood as an emerging field to think about the practice of teaching children. To do so, it addresses the changes that have occurred over time. In each historical and social moment there are contextual influences of production on the subject, so these changes are absorbed in different ways, depending on each of these periods. In this sense, we need a watchful eye to the heterogeneity of social experiences and cultural expressions that introduce new logic of action at the heart of the ongoing transformations in contemporary societies, especially in relation to childhood. From recent data from two surveys on the training of kindergarten teachers, we reflect on a new look to raise children also as social actors, and the specificities of teaching children from zero to six years old.

CONEXÕES ENTRE PESQUISA E ASSISTÊNCIA: DESAFIOS EMERGENTES PARA A CIÊNCIA, A INOVAÇÃO E A TECNOLOGIA NA ENFERMAGEM

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Ítalo Rodolfo Silva

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: comprender los significados que permean las conexiones entre la producción/resultados de investigación y el proceso de trabajo de la enfermería en el ámbito asistencial. Método: investigación del tipo explicativa, de abordaje cualitativo que tuvo como referenciales teórico y metodológico, respectivamente, la Teoría de la Complejidad y la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Los datos fueron recolectados con 25 sujetos, distribuidos en tres grupos muestrales: diez enfermeros asistenciales, vinculados a un hospital universitario; seis enfermeros investigadores y nueve estudiantes de grado en enfermería. La entrevista semiestructurada fue utilizada como técnica de recolección de datos. La investigación fue validada por diez jueces de diferentes regiones de Brasil. La investigación fue validada por diez jueces de diferentes regiones de Brasil. Resultados: se presenta la categoría: Enfrentando desafíos emergentes de la enfermería en la era de la Ciencia, la Innovación y la Tecnología, basada en las subcategorías: Puntos de partida para una enfermería contextualizada: de la producción científica al consumo de resultados de investigación; Conexiones fragilizadas entre producción científica y práctica asistencial de la enfermería. Conclusión: los sistemas de significados que influencian las conexiones entre investigación científica y práctica asistencial de la enfermería son estructurados y fortalecidos por fenómenos plurales, entre los cuales están las inflexiones negativas del proceso de comunicación, presencia y pertenencia de los pares, entre quien produce investigación y quién puede consumirla.

¿Cómo gestionar un destino turístico emergente y vivir para contarlo? Construcción de una estrategia competitiva a partir de la complejidad territorial de una ciudad capital: el caso de Tuxtla Gutiérrez

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Jorge Humberto Trujillo

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Ante un incremento de la competencia debido a la aparición de más destinos emergentes en México, una ciudad capital en proceso de metropolización como Tuxtla Gutiérrez, se prepara para iniciar un proceso de desarrollo turístico complejo a partir de la consideración de aspectos territoriales (físicos, sociales y económicos entendidos como producto social, a manera de características esenciales que le diferencian y le puede posicionar como competitivo en función de la capacidad de sus agentes sociales para favorecer y facilitar experiencias turísticas satisfactorias. En este sentido, el presente informe es el resultado preliminar de un ejercicio dialéctico que ha combinado estudios de posgrado en alta gestión de destinos turísticos y la experiencia de dirigir la oficina de turismo durante 18 meses.

Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017: A One Health perspective.

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Musa Sekamatte

Full Text Available Zoonotic diseases continue to be a public health burden globally. Uganda is especially vulnerable due to its location, biodiversity, and population. Given these concerns, the Ugandan government in collaboration with the Global Health Security Agenda conducted a One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshop to identify zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern to the Ugandan government.The One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization tool, a semi-quantitative tool developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used for the prioritization of zoonoses. Workshop participants included voting members and observers representing multiple government and non-governmental sectors. During the workshop, criteria for prioritization were selected, and questions and weights relevant to each criterion were determined. We used a decision tree to provide a ranked list of zoonoses. Participants then established next steps for multisectoral engagement for the prioritized zoonoses. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated how criteria weights impacted disease prioritization.Forty-eight zoonoses were considered during the workshop. Criteria selected to prioritize zoonotic diseases were (1 severity of disease in humans in Uganda, (2 availability of effective control strategies, (3 potential to cause an epidemic or pandemic in humans or animals, (4 social and economic impacts, and (5 bioterrorism potential. Seven zoonotic diseases were identified as priorities for Uganda: anthrax, zoonotic influenza viruses, viral hemorrhagic fevers, brucellosis, African trypanosomiasis, plague, and rabies. Sensitivity analysis did not indicate significant changes in zoonotic disease prioritization based on criteria weights.One Health approaches and multisectoral collaborations are crucial to the surveillance, prevention, and control strategies for zoonotic diseases. Uganda used such an approach to identify zoonoses of national concern. Identifying these

[Current situation of the most frequent zoonosis in the world].

Science.gov (United States)

Flores Castro, Ricardo

2010-01-01

Zoonoses are at the present time more important than ever due to their magnitude and impact. The international trade in animals, products and sub products, as well as the intense travel of people around the world, represent risks of dissemination of infectious diseases, and are the reason for a new age of emerging and reemerging zoonotic diseases. Under these conditions, public health and animal health authorities are obliged to work together in order to get more efficient control programs. In this paper the actual situation of some important emerging and reemerging zoonoses is analyzed, including: anthrax, rabies, tuberculosis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hanta virus, Hendra and Nipah virus. Particular attention is given to leptospirosis, due to the fact that it is considered by WHO and OIE as the widest spread zoonotic disease in the world. Zoonoses caused by ingestion of animal food products are discussed. They are responsible for the death of almost 2.2 million people. Bacteria of genus salmonella and campylobacter are considered. Some recommendations are given for the control and prevention of zoonoses, emphasizing the "One Health" concept.

Rickettsiosis, una enfermedad letal emergente y re-emergente en Colombia

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Juan David Rodas González

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Rickettsiosis: a deadly emerging and re-emerging disease in Colombia. Rickettsiosis was first described in Colombia in 1937 byDr Luis Patiño during an outbreak of a disease with unspecific signs. Rickettsia is a genus of Gram-negative intracellular obligatorybacteria having caused several epidemics around the world, and are transmitted mainly by ticks, fleas, lice and mites. The most fatalwithin this group of diseases is known as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF, which is caused by Rickettsia rickettsia. There is alsothe endemic typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi and epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. In Colombia, several outbreaks ofRMSF have occurred during the last decade. The best known among those have hit the municipalities of Necoclí and Turbo, in Antioquiain 2006 and 2008 respectively, and Los Cordobas in the department of Cordoba in 2007. The goal of this review is to describe the state ofthe art of rickettsiosis, a forgotten lethal disease that has re-emerged in our country, and leave some questions as an inspiration for future research that will hopefully lead scientists to a better understanding of this entity potentially endemic in some areas of Colombia.

: tous les projets | Page 301 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 642,600.00. Prévision et prévention de zoonoses émergentes chez les animaux sauvages. Projet. Les zoonoses émergentes et résurgentes au Brésil à l'heure actuelle sont le fait d'interactions complexes entre les systèmes naturels et humains.

Parasitic zoonoses: survey in foxes (Vulpes vulpes in the northern Apennines / Zoonosi parassitarie: indagini in volpi (Vulpes vulpes dell'Appennino settentrionale

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Vittorio Guberti

1991-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract A parasitological survey on 153 foxes was carried out in the northern Apennines, during the period 1984-1987. The following parasites were identified: Toxocara canis (46.4%, Taenia sp. (17%, Uncinaria stenocephala (11.8%, Mesocestoides lineatus (11.1%, Ancylostoma caninum (3.9%, Taenia hydatigena (3.3%, Trichuris vulpis (3.3%, Dipylidium caninum (2.6%, Taenia crassiceps (2%. All foxes were negative for Trichinella sp. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate differences in the parasitic fauna according to the sex and age classes of the hosts. The role that the fox could have as a reservoir of helminthic zoonoses is discussed. The results are compared with those of similar studies carried out in Italy. Riassunto Nel periodo 1984-1987 è stata condotta un'indagine parassitologica su 153 volpi abbattute nell'Appennino romagnolo. Sono stati reperiti i seguenti parassiti: Toxocara canis (46,4%, Taenia sp. (17%, Uncinaria stenocephala (11,8%, Mesocestoides lineatus (11,1%, Ancylostoma caninum (3,9%, Taenia hydatigena (3,3%, Trichuris vulpis (3,3%, Dipylidium caninum (2,6%, Taenia crassiceps (2%. Tutte le volpi esaminate sono risultate negative per Trichinella sp. È stata effettuata l'analisi statistica dei dati per evidenziare eventuali differenze della fauna parassitaria in relazione al sesso e all'età delle volpi. Sulla base dei dati ottenuti viene discussa l'importanza che la Volpe può assumere come serbatoio di zoonosi elmintiche. I risultati acquisiti sono inoltre comparati con quelli ottenuti in analoghe ricerche condotte in Italia.

Resenha crítica - a literatura convencional sobre crises financeiras nos países "emergentes": os modelos desenvolvidos nos anos 90

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Daniela Magalhães Prates

2005-06-01

Full Text Available As sucessivas crises financeiras dos países "emergentes", na segunda metade dos anos 90, despertaram o interesse dos economistas do mainstream, uma vez que os modelos de crises cambiais de primeira geração, desenvolvidos nos anos 80, revelaram-se insuficientes para a compreensão destes eventos. Nesse contexto, foram desenvolvidos novos modelos que incorporaram, como condicionantes destas crises, fatos estilizados, que têm caracterizado o sistema financeiro internacional contemporâneo, dentre os quais os ataques especulativos auto-realizáveis e o comportamento de manada dos investidores estrangeiros. Este artigo pretende apresentar as principais características desses novos modelos. Primeiramente, apresentam-se os modelos desenvolvidos após a crise mexicana, que seguiram a tradição dos modelos de segunda geração desenvolvidos após a crise do Sistema Monetário Europeu. Em seguida, são examinados os modelos que surgem após a crise asiática, denominados "modelos de terceira geração", nos quais a crise cambial está intrinsecamente associada a uma crise bancária. Seguem-se algumas considerações finais.In the 90s, the succession of financial crises in the so called "emergent countries", with characteristics that haven't been considered by the first-generation models of exchange crises developed in the 80s, was followed by the emergency of new models of exchange crisis. The purpose of this article is to present these models, which have introduced in their analytical framework new elements, how the self-fulfilling expectations and the volatility of the capital flows. Firstly, we analyze the models developed after the Mexican crise, which have followed the tradition of the second-generation models that emerged after the European monetary system crise. Secondly, we examine the models developed after the Asian crise, labeled "third generation models", in which the exchange crise is intrinsically linked with a banking crise. We end up

Increasing the Odds: Applying Emergentist Theory in Language Intervention

Science.gov (United States)

Poll, Gerard H.

2011-01-01

Purpose: This review introduces emergentism, which is a leading theory of language development that states that language ability is the product of interactions between the child's language environment and his or her learning capabilities. The review suggests ways in which emergentism provides a theoretical rationale for interventions that are…

New ways in public innovation?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aagaard, Peter

Offentlige ledere oplever en stigende efterspørgsel på innovation. En af de lovende tilgange til innovation er emergente strategisk ledelse. Ifølge litteraturen formes de institutionelle drivkræfter og barrierer bag de emergente strategiske mønstre af de to dominerende modeller for offentlig lede...

una sociedad emergente

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Derlisiret Rincón M.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo busca reflexionar por una parte acerca del papel de la ciencia, la tecnología y la educación, como factores de desarrollo de las naciones e intenta responder la interrogante en torno al cómo estas variables contribuirán a la transformación de la realidad social venezolana. Los planteamientos expuestos en este artículo forman parte de una investigación cualitativa que se sustenta en una revisión teórica cuyos resultados indican que existe la posibilidad cierta de construir y alcanzar una Venezuela virtual en los próximos años; es decir, se vislumbra un país interconectado y funcionando a través de redes cuyos individuos estarían capacitados y entrenados en el uso y usufructo de las nuevas tecnologías. Esta visión de país, se basa en la premisa de que la oportuna implementación de la Planificación de Ciencia y Tecnología resultaría instrumento de vinculación de las variables tecnológicas, educativas y científicas, que permiten obtener conocimientos especializados y orientados a la solución de problemas de creciente dimensión global. Tales conocimientos, pudieran generar los cambios sustanciales necesarios en el contexto nacional, para lograr modificar o disminuir el sentido de crecimiento de la brecha o divisoria digital en este entorno

Perspectives on emerging zoonotic disease research and capacity building in Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Stephen, Craig; Artsob, Harvey; Bowie, William R; Drebot, Michael; Fraser, Erin; Leighton, Ted; Morshed, Muhammad; Ong, Corinne; Patrick, David

2004-01-01

Zoonoses are fundamental determinants of community health. Preventing, identifying and managing these infections must be a central public health focus. Most current zoonoses research focuses on the interface of the pathogen and the clinically ill person, emphasizing microbial detection, mechanisms of pathogenicity and clinical intervention strategies, rather than examining the causes of emergence, persistence and spread of new zoonoses. There are gaps in the understanding of the animal determinants of emergence and the capacity to train highly qualified individuals; these are major obstacles to preventing new disease threats. The ability to predict the emergence of zoonoses and their resulting public health and societal impacts are hindered when insufficient effort is devoted to understanding zoonotic disease epidemiology, and when zoonoses are not examined in a manner that yields fundamental insight into their origin and spread. Emerging infectious disease research should rest on four pillars: enhanced communications across disciplinary and agency boundaries; the assessment and development of surveillance and disease detection tools; the examination of linkages between animal health determinants of human health outcomes; and finally, cross-disciplinary training and research. A national strategy to predict, prevent and manage emerging diseases must have a prominent and explicit role for veterinary and biological researchers. An integrated health approach would provide decision makers with a firmer foundation from which to build evidence-based disease prevention and control plans that involve complex human/animal/environmental systems, and would serve as the foundation to train and support the new cadre of individuals ultimately needed to maintain and apply research capacity in this area. PMID:18159512

Virus and Infections 2010 - BIT's first world congress.

Science.gov (United States)

Garkavenko, Olga

2010-10-01

The World Congress of Virus and Infections, held in Busan, South Korea, included topics reviewing the field of zoonoses. This conference report highlights selected presentations on surveillance, epidemiology and measures for the control and prevention of zoonotic diseases. Topics discussed include human factors influencing zoonoses, the molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, the emerging Nipah virus, and the re-emergence of cowpox virus.

Las implicaciones macroeconómicas de las nuevas regulaciones bancarias con respecto al capital en mercados emergentes: un modelo de duopolio adaptado a bancos aversos al riesgo.

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Sebastian Nieto Parra

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de analizar el impacto de la nueva regulación de capital de bancos (Basilea II sobre el ciclo económico de una economía emergente, desarrollo un modelo de duopolio compuesto por bancos locales y extranjeros. Los principales resultados son: por medio de la nueva regulación de capital, la evaluación del riesgo crediticio realizada por un banco internacional en un país, no sólo afecta a los préstamos totales de ese país sino también a los activos totales otorgados en otros países. Segundo, cuando los bancos son aversos al riesgo y a medida que la diversificación del portafolio aumenta, el cambio en los préstamos concedidos en un país por un banco internacional como proporción de la inversión inicial, así como el nivel de los prestamos totales de ese país, pueden resultar fuertemente afectados por el comportamiento de un banco que sigue sólo “noticias” a través de la nueva regulación de capital. Finalmente, incluso cuando la diversificación del portafolio crece sin  límite, la implicación macroeconómica de un cambio en la estimación del riesgo crediticio debida a la nueva regulación de capital, aumenta a medida que los bancos son menos aversos al  riesgo.

Territorios emergentes, periferias en cambio. Análisis histórico de procesos de radical transformación urbana en Huechuraba, periferia norte de Santiago de Chile.

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Mg. Arq. Carmín Angélica Rodríguez Soto

2015-12-01

Full Text Available En la mayoría de las periferias urbanas de las grandes ciudades es posible observar procesos de cambio radical. Espacios que tradicionalmente se consideraban periféricos, emergen como nuevos hábitat para estratos sociales altos, albergando funciones urbanas de carácter central. A pesar de la globalidad del fenómeno, sus efectos siguen siendo locales, por ello esta investigación aborda un caso de estudio en pleno proceso de mutación: la comuna de Huechuraba, en Santiago de Chile. Para conocer estos cambios, se utilizaron tres herramientas metodológicas: a exploración de la historia urbana de la comuna; b análisis de la interrelación entre hitos históricos y aumento de superfcies; y c análisis territorial de indicadores económicos. Todo ello apoyado por la utilización de un Sistema de Información Geográfca. De la aplicación de las herramientas metodológicas se pudo concluir que Huechuraba se encuentra en un proceso de centralización emergente a raíz del emplazamiento de funciones urbanas y artefactos arquitectónicos nunca antes vistos en el sector, lo que conllevaría procesos de homogenización de usos y tejidos urbanos de la comuna. Estos nuevos tejidos se encuentran en plena expansión, lo que produciría estancamiento de los empobrecidos barrios fundacionales y aumento en la polarización social del área de análisis.

Aprendizagem Tecnológica e Inovação Industrial em Economias Emergentes: uma Breve Contribuição para o Desenho e Implementação de Estudos Empíricos e Estratégias no Brasil

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Paulo N. Figueiredo

2004-01-01

tecnológica no contexto de economias emergentes; a segunda é apresentar métricas associadas à operacionalização de tais estudos e estratégias, particularmente no Brasil. Espera-se com isso contribuir para ampliar a compreensão sobre o intricado processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico na indústria, no contexto de economias emergentes e, assim, auxiliar pesquisadores e gestores envolvidos com a gestão da inovação industrial no Brasil.

Cambios cognitivos en la forma de explicar la historia en estudiantes de quinto grado

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Claudia Patricia Navarro Roldán

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Identificar la manera en que los estudiantes transforman el modelo explicativo de la historia, a partir de una secuencia de aprendizaje de seis sesiones de clase, basada en la teoría de la complejidad. Método. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 21 estudiantes de quinto grado, a quienes se les enseñaron las propiedades ontológicas emergentes que explican las relaciones multinivel de la violencia bipartidista y sus diferencias con las propiedades ontológicas directas. Se codificó la presencia o la ausencia de las propiedades ontológicas emergentes y directas en las producciones escritas de los estudiantes (n = 126, y se analizó cualitativamente la forma en la que se generaron las transformaciones en el reconocimiento y el uso de los atributos ontológicos que configuraron o no un cambio conceptual para explicar la historia. Resultados. Los estudiantes usaron y articularon piezas o atributos ontológicos de dos modelos explicativos (directo y emergente, y se identificaron tres tipos de transformación en la comprensión de la historia durante las sesiones. Conclusión. Aunque los estudiantes no lograron identificar todas las propiedades emergentes como un conjunto coherente de conocimiento, se encontró que articularon atributos directos y emergentes para explicar la historia, lo cual generó sesgos en la comprensión del fenómeno histórico.

Zoonoses in the Bedroom

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

This podcast reports on some of the diseases pet owners can acquire from their pets. Public health veterinarian, Dr. Heather Bair-Brake, describes the connection between disease and pets sleeping in their owner’s beds.

Hantaviruses as emergent zoonoses

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LS Ullmann

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Hantaviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family, which consists of vector-borne viruses. These viruses can provoke two infection types: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS - which occurs in the Old World - and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS - an emergent zoonosis that can be found in many countries of the western hemisphere. Rodents are hantavirus reservoirs and each species seems to host a different virus type. Humans acquire the infection by inhaling contaminated aerosol particles eliminated by infected animals. The factors involved in the emergence of hantavirus infections in the human population include ecological modifications and changes in human activities. The most important risk factor is contact between man and rodents, as a result of agricultural, forestry or military activities. Rodent control remains the primary strategy for preventing hantavirus diseases, including via health education and hygienic habits.

Zoonoses in the Bedroom

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2011-01-26

This podcast reports on some of the diseases pet owners can acquire from their pets. Public health veterinarian, Dr. Heather Bair-Brake, describes the connection between disease and pets sleeping in their owner’s beds.  Created: 1/26/2011 by National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID).   Date Released: 1/31/2011.

Bacterial food-borne zoonoses.

Science.gov (United States)

Thorns, C J

2000-04-01

In many countries of the world, bacterial food-borne zoonotic infections are the most common cause of human intestinal disease. Salmonella and Campylobacter account for over 90% of all reported cases of bacteria-related food poisoning world-wide. Poultry and poultry products have been incriminated in the majority of traceable food-borne illnesses caused by these bacteria, although all domestic livestock are reservoirs of infection. In contrast to the enzootic nature of most Salmonella and Campylobacter infections, Salmonella Enteritidis caused a pandemic in both poultry and humans during the latter half of the 20th Century. Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter appear to be more ubiquitous in the environment, colonising a greater variety of hosts and environmental niches. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC O157) also emerged as a major food-borne zoonotic pathogen in the 1980s and 1990s. Although infection is relatively rare in humans, clinical disease is often severe, with a significant mortality rate among the young and elderly. The epidemiology of VTEC O157 is poorly understood, although ruminants, especially cattle and sheep, appear to be the major source of infection. The dissemination of S. Enteritidis along the food chain is fairly well understood, and control programmes have been developed to target key areas of poultry meat and egg production. Recent evidence indicates that these control programmes have been associated with an overall reduction of S. Enteritidis along the food chain. Unfortunately, existing controls do not appear to reduce the levels of Campylobacter and VTEC O157 infections. Future control strategies need to consider variations in the epidemiologies of food-borne zoonotic infections, and apply a quantitative risk analysis approach to ensure that the most cost-effective programmes are developed.

Capacidad de los laboratorios nacionales de referencia en Latinoamérica para detectar mecanismos de resistencia emergentes Capability of national reference laboratories in Latin America to detect emerging resistance mechanisms

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Alejandra Corso

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar la capacidad de 17 laboratorios nacionales de referencia que participan en el Programa Latinoamericano de Control de Calidad en Bacteriología y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LA-EQAS para detectar mecanismos de resistencia emergentes, a saber: resistencia de enterobacterias a carbapenemes por presencia de Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemasa (KPC; resistencia de enterobacterias a carbapenemes por presencia de metalobetalactamasas (MBL tipo IMP, y resistencia intermedia a vancomicina de aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus (VISA. MÉTODOS: Se enviaron los siguientes tres aislamientos a los 17 laboratorios participantes del LA-EQAS: Klebsiella pneumoniae OPS-161 productor de KPC, Enterobacter cloacae OPS-166 productor de IMP y S. aureus OPS-165 con resistencia intermedia a vancomicina. Se evaluó la interpretación de las pruebas de sensibilidad y detección del mecanismo de resistencia y el tamaño de los halos de inhibición (método de difusión por discos o valor de la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM. RESULTADOS: La concordancia en la detección de los mecanismos de resistencia fue de 76,4%, 73,3% y 66,7% con respecto a la cepas K. pneumoniae OPS-161, E. cloacae OPS-166 y S. aureus OPS-165, respectivamente. La concordancia entre las zonas de inhibición obtenidas por los laboratorios participantes y los rangos establecidos por el laboratorio coordinador fue aceptable en los tres aislamientos, ya que alcanzó 90,8%, 92,8% y 88,9%, respectivamente, para cada cepa. CONCLUSIONES: La concordancia global en la detección de los mecanismos de resistencia KPC, MBL y VISA fue de 72,1%. Consideramos que los laboratorios nacionales de referencia de América Latina son capaces de reconocer estos mecanismos de resistencia emergentes y se espera que en el futuro la concordancia alcance su nivel máximo.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capability of 17 national reference laboratories participating in the Latin American Quality

Management of the slowly emerging zoonosis, Hendra virus, by private veterinarians in Queensland, Australia: a qualitative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Mendez, Diana H; Kelly, Jenny; Buttner, Petra; Nowak, Madeleine; Speare, Rick

2014-09-17

Veterinary infection control for the management of Hendra virus (HeV), an emerging zoonosis in Australia, remained suboptimal until 2010 despite 71.4% (5/7) of humans infected with HeV being veterinary personnel or assisting a veterinarian, three of whom died before 2009. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived barriers to veterinary infection control and HeV management in private veterinary practice in Queensland, where the majority of HeV outbreaks have occurred in Australia. Most participants agreed that a number of key factors had contributed to the slow uptake of adequate infection control measures for the management of HeV amongst private veterinarians: a work culture characterised by suboptimal infection control standards and misconceptions about zoonotic risks; a lack of leadership and support from government authorities; the difficulties of managing biosecurity and public health issues from a private workforce perspective; and the slow pattern of emergence of HeV. By 2010, some infection control and HeV management changes had been implemented. Participants interviewed agreed that further improvements remained necessary; but also cautioned that this was a complex process which would require time. Private veterinarians and government authorities prior to 2009 were unprepared to handle new slowly emerging zoonoses, which may explain their mismanagement of HeV. Slowly emerging zoonoses may be of low public health significance but of high significance for specialised groups such as veterinarians. Private veterinarians, who are expected to fulfil an active biosecurity and public health role in the frontline management of such emerging zoonoses, need government agencies to better recognise their contribution, to consult with the veterinary profession when devising guidelines for the management of zoonoses and to provide them with greater leadership and support. We propose that specific infection control guidelines for the management of slowly emerging

Prioritizing Zoonotic Diseases: Differences in Perspectives Between Human and Animal Health Professionals in North America.

Science.gov (United States)

Ng, V; Sargeant, J M

2016-05-01

Zoonoses pose a significant burden of illness in North America. Zoonoses represent an additional threat to public health because the natural reservoirs are often animals, particularly wildlife, thus eluding control efforts such as quarantine, vaccination and social distancing. As there are limited resources available, it is necessary to prioritize diseases in order to allocate resources to those posing the greatest public health threat. Many studies have attempted to prioritize zoonoses, but challenges exist. This study uses a quantitative approach, conjoint analysis (CA), to overcome some limitations of traditional disease prioritization exercises. We used CA to conduct a zoonoses prioritization study involving a range of human and animal health professionals across North America; these included epidemiologists, public health practitioners, research scientists, physicians, veterinarians, laboratory technicians and nurses. A total of 699 human health professionals (HHP) and 585 animal health professionals (AHP) participated in this study. We used CA to prioritize 62 zoonotic diseases using 21 criteria. Our findings suggest CA can be used to produce reasonable criteria scores for disease prioritization. The fitted models were satisfactory for both groups with a slightly better fit for AHP compared to HHP (84.4% certainty fit versus 83.6%). Human-related criteria were more influential for HHP in their decision to prioritize zoonoses, while animal-related criteria were more influential for AHP resulting in different disease priority lists. While the differences were not statistically significant, a difference of one or two ranks could be considered important for some individuals. A potential solution to address the varying opinions is discussed. The scientific framework for disease prioritization presented can be revised on a regular basis by updating disease criteria to reflect diseases as they evolve over time; such a framework is of value allowing diseases of

[Infection prevention in animal husbandry. A contribution to the improvement of the sanitary consumer protection].

Science.gov (United States)

Grossklaus, D

1985-02-01

The scientific and organizational development of an effective prophylaxis against infections in animal husbandry results from the fact that many zoonoses, like salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, rickettsiosis (Q-Fever) and cysticercosis as well as certain important virus infections with regard to meat hygiene cannot be detected during official ante- and postmortem inspection. The cause of these infections is clinically inapparent and leaves no pathologic-anatomical lesions. Partly responsible for these latent infections is mass production with its specific forms of husbandry, particularly in poultry and pigs. The development of these animal production methods as well as the spread of the aforementioned zoonoses in man and animal is being discussed in this paper. The information on zoonoses is based on cases reported in accordance with the Federal Communicable Diseases Act and/or the regulations on notifiable animal diseases. The potential harmfulness to the consumer's health, especially in view of his food habits, is discussed in the light of the increase of foodborne infections and intoxications caused by Salmonella. Up until now, several regulations exist to keep causative agents of zoonoses away from animal farms. In view of the successful eradication of tuberculosis in cattle and brucellosis, it is recommended on a longterm basis, to eliminate those zoonoses from animal farms, which are of special importance from the meat-hygienic point of view. On a medium-term basis, examination of farm animals should be introduced voluntarily prior to the official ante- and postmortem inspection. It is of vital importance to establish the necessary diagnostic and practical conditions for the herd-tests. A recommendation worked out by the European Community for the examination of broiler-farms is welcomed as an example of prophylactic measures suitable for the improvement of consumer protection.

Controle pós-emergente de plantas daninhas em cenoura Post-emergence weed control in carrot crop

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Jeferson Zagonel

1999-03-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido em Piraí do Sul-PR no ano de 1995 em solo de textura argilo arenosa, tendo como objetivo avaliar a eficiência e a seletividade do herbicida propaquizafop no controle pós-emergente de plantas daninhas na cultura da cenoura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, quais sejam: propaquizafop (100, 125 e 150 g i.a./ha; fluazifop-p-butil (188 g i.a./ha; testemunha capinada e testemunha sem capina. A cultivar de cenoura utilizada foi Nantes Tim Tom semeada em 15 de junho, com espaçamento de 0,25 x 0,05 m, em parcelas com área útil de 5,00 x 1,00 m. As plantas daninhas predominantes foram Brachiaria plantaginea (capim-papuã, Digitaria horizontalis (capim-milhã e Eleusine indica (capim pé-de-galinha. As avaliações foram efetuadas aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Observou-se que o herbicida propaquizafop, nas doses de 100, 125 e 150 g i.a./ha foi eficiente no controle sobre capim-papuã, capim-milhã e capim pé-de-galinha. O controle de plantas daninhas realizado através de herbicidas proporcionou a mesma produção obtida com o controle manual. A perda na produção ocasionada pela presença de plantas daninhas foi da ordem de 76,4%. Não foram observados efeitos fitotóxicos nas plantas de cenoura que pudessem ser atribuídos aos produtos utilizados.The presented field trial was conducted in 1995 in Piraí do Sul, Paraná State, Brazil, on a sand-clay texture soil, to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of propaquizafop on carrot crop weed control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications, and 5.00 x 1.00 m plots. The treatmens were: propaquizafop (100, 125 and 150 g a.i/ha; fluazifop-p-butil (188 g a.i/ha; control with weeding and control without weeding. The carrot cultivar Nantes Tim Tom was sown on June 15 with plants spaced 0.25 x 0.05 m. The prevalent weeds

Phylogeny, ecological fitting and lung flukes: helping solve the problem of emerging infectious diseases Filogenia, flexibilidad ecológica y digéneos de pulmones: ayudando a resolver la crisis de las enfermedaes infecciosas emergentes

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Daniel R. Brooks

2006-12-01

vida es filogenéticamente conservado (se distribuye en numerosas especies y a la vez, tiene una distribución geográfica amplia. Por lo tanto, la complejidad de un ciclo de vida no predice, por sí misma, el potencial de un organismo para provocar una enfermedad infecciosa emergente. Aplicamos este concepto para explicar el caso particular de un digéneo del pulmón de anfibios, Haematoloechus floedae, endémico de ranas toro de Norteamérica, que fue recolectado en ranas leopardo de Costa Rica, aún cuando actualmente no existen ranas toro en ese país, y nunca existieron en la región en donde se encontró al parásito. Asimismo, se discute de qué manera la integración de la información ecológica y de ciclos de vida, en un marco filogenético, puede ayudar a los biólogos a pasar de los intentos para controlar brotes de enfermedades emergentes, hacia la predicción y el impedimento de dichos brotes en primera instancia.

Eliminación de contaminantes parabenos en agua mediante procesos físicos, químicos y electroquímicos

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Peña, María Jesús

2016-01-01

La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo el estudio de la eliminación de cuatro contaminantes emergentes, comúnmente presentes en aguas residuales y superficiales: metilparabeno, etilparabeno, propilparabeno y butilparabeno. Actualmente, estos compuestos son ampliamente utilizados como conservantes en cosméticos, productos farmacéuticos, productos alimenticios y productos industriales. Para llevar a cabo la eliminación de estos contaminantes emergentes se investigan procesos físicos (ad...

Ciento cincuenta años de combustión de hidrocarburos fósiles: las alternativas emergentes One hundred and fyfty years of combustion of fossil hydrocarbons: the emergent alternatives

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Jorge Laine

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Luego de ciento cincuenta años de haberse perforado los primeros pozos comerciales de petróleo que condujeron al uso intensivo de combustibles líquidos para mover los vehículos de transporte, se está arribando al pico de las reservas de petróleo del planeta. Queda aún una buena porción por gastar, con la expectativa de que las consecuencias sean mejores que en la primera parte, la cual ha implicado varias guerras y deterioros del ambiente. Este ensayo aporta un resumen sobre la historia de los combustibles fósiles y sobre la prospectiva de las alternativas energéticas emergentes, poniendo énfasis en la bioenergía como una alternativa para la transición entre la actual era de la combustión y la nueva era de la energía limpia.After one hundred fifty years of drilling first commercial petroleum wells that led to the intensive use of liquid fuels to move transport vehicles, we are arriving at the peak of the world-wide petroleum reserves. Yet, we still have a good portion for spending, with the hope that the consequences will be better than in the first part, which has implied several wars and deteriorations of the environment. This assay brings a review about the history of fossil fuels and with the prospective of the emergent energetic alternatives, placing emphasis on bioenergy as an alternative for the transition between the actual combustion age and the new age of clean energy.

Influência da aplicação de herbicidas pré-emergentes na fauna do solo em sistema convencional de plantio de cana-de-açúcar

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Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva

2012-04-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n3p227   O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a influência de herbicidas pré-emergentes na comunidade da fauna edáfica em sistema de plantio convencional de cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso num fatorial (6x3, sendo seis formas de controle de plantas daninhas (T1: pousio; T2: capina manual; T3: Tebuthiuron a 1200gia.ha-1; T4: Ametryne a 3000gia.ha-1; T5: Tebuthiuron a 1000gia.ha-1 + Ametryne a 1500gia.ha-1; T6: Tebuthiuron a 1200gia.ha-1 + Ametryne a 3000gia.ha-1 e três tempos de avaliação (0, 40, 80 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas: DAA. Avaliou-se: abundância, grupos, riqueza de Margalef, uniformidade de Pielou, dominância de Simpson, diversidade de Shannon, colêmbolos e biomassa seca acima do solo. Não houve diferença nos tratamentos para a riqueza de Margalef, uniformidade de Pielou, dominância de Simpson e diversidade de Shannon. A abundância foi maior aos 80 DAA no tratamento capina manual. Os herbicidas testados não alteraram a diversidade da fauna do solo até 80 DAA. O herbicida Tebuthiuron não afetou a população de colêmbolos, quando utilizado isolado ou associado com o Ametryne. O uso do herbicida Ametryne a 3000gia.ha-1 reduziu a população de colêmbolos em relação ao pousio e capina manual.

Mucormicosis: Una micosis emergente

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Iris Tiraboschi

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la incidencia, frecuencia, características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con mucormicosis atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre los años 1982 y 2010. Durante ese período se diagnosticaron 10 casos de mucormicosis. Los tres primeros entre 1982 y 2004 y los últimos 7 entre 2005 y 2010. La incidencia y frecuencia de esta enfermedad, para el período 1980-2004 fue 0.13 pacientes/año y 0.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.00 a 0.3 respectivamente. En el período 2005-2010 la incidencia fue 0.86 pacientes/año y la frecuencia de 1.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.5 a 2.4. Hubo nueve casos de mucormicosis rinosinuso-orbitaria, siete en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, uno en una paciente con una hemopatía maligna y neutropenia, y el restante en un paciente con HIV/sida que además estaba neutropénico y con un síndrome hemofagocítico. En una paciente se realizó el diagnóstico post mortem de mucormicosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico se efectuó por la observación de filamentos cenocíticos en los diez casos. Hubo desarrollo de mucorales en los cultivos de 8/9 pacientes; cinco Rhizopus spp y tres Mucor spp. Todos los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento inicial con anfotericina B deoxicolato, que en tres de ellos fue continuado con anfotericina B liposomal, y cirugía. Tres enfermos recibieron además un tratamiento adyuvante con oxigeno hiperbárico. La mortalidad fue 30%.

ADVANZ - Neglected zoonotc disease control through a One Health approach

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Saarnak, Christopher; Johansen, Maria Vang; Mukaratirwa, Samson

2013-01-01

As quoted in the Lancet in December 2012, endemic and enzootic zoonoses cause about a billion cases of illness and millions of death in people every year. Of these zoonoses, the diseases such as anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis (hydatid disease) and rabies...... domesticated (livestock or companion) or wild animals to people. ADVANZ is One Health NZD project, funded by the European Commission through its 7th framework program. The session will describe and discuss the initiative, which main aim is to persuade decision makers and empower stakeholders at local, regional...

Neither metaphysical dichotomy nor pure identity: clarifying the emergentist creed.

Science.gov (United States)

Sartenaer, Olivier

2013-09-01

Emergentism is often misleadingly described as a monolithic "third way" between radical monism and pluralism. In the particular case of biology, for example, emergentism is perceived as a middle course between mechanicism and vitalism. In the present paper I propose to show that the conceptual landscape between monism and pluralism is more complex than this classical picture suggests. On the basis of two successive analyses-distinguishing three forms of tension between monism and pluralism and a distinction between derivational and functional reduction-I define three different versions of emergentism that can be considered as consistent middle courses between monism and pluralism (respectively theoretical, explanatory and causal emergence). I then emphasise the advantage of this taxonomy of the concepts of emergence by applying the results of my analysis to the historical controversy that pertains to the relationship between life and matter. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Essential veterinary education in emerging infections, modes of introduction of exotic animals, zoonotic diseases, bioterrorism, implications for human and animal health and disease manifestation.

Science.gov (United States)

Chomel, B B; Marano, N

2009-08-01

A fundamental role of the veterinary profession is the protection of human health through wholesome food and control of diseases of animal origin, especially zoonoses. Therefore, training of veterinary students worldwide needs to face the new challenges posed by emerging infections, both from wildlife and domestic animals, as well as risks from bio/agroterrorism. New courses emphasising recognition, response, recovery and prevention must be developed to respond to natural or intentionally induced emerging diseases and zoonoses. Training programmes in applied epidemiology, zoonoses and foreign animal diseases are crucial for the development of a strong workforce to deal with microbial threats. Students should learn the reporting pathways for reportable diseases in their countries or states. Knowledge of the principles of ecology and ecosystems should be acquired during pre-veterinary studies. Elective classes on wildlife diseases, emphasising wildlife zoonotic diseases, should be offered during the veterinary curriculum, as well as a course on risk communication, since veterinarians are frequently in the position of having to convey complex information under adverse circumstances.

Avian zoonoses – a review

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Kozdruń Wojciech

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Birds are one of the most interesting and most colourful groups of animals, but they can also be a source of zoonotic factors dangerous for humans. This paper describes the threats to human health from contact with birds. The most vulnerable occupational groups associated with birds are veterinarians, owners of poultry farms, breeders of ornamental birds, zoo personnel, and poultry slaughterhouse workers. Ornithosis is the most dangerous zoonosis of the avian bacterial diseases. Among other hazardous bacterial factors, Salmonella and Campylobacter are responsible for gastrointestinal diseases. Avian influenza is the most dangerous of the viral diseases. It should be noted, however, that avian influenza is a disease of birds, not humans. The recent threat which has appeared is infection with West Nile virus. The results of serological examinations of birds and humans indicate that the virus exists in our ecosystem. Allergic alveolitis connected with the pigeon tick and the Dermanyssus gallinae mite also merits mention. In any case, where people have contact with birds or their droppings and secretions, special precautions should be taken. This way the negative effects of birds on human health can be minimised or eliminated

Diseño de una estrategia para el análisis didáctico de contenidos digitales en anatomía osteo-muscular

OpenAIRE

Gamboa Latorre, Lina Fernanda

2014-01-01

Este artículo propone una estrategia fundamentada teóricamente en el aprendizaje significativo para orientar el análisis didáctico de los contenidos digitales en anatomía osteo-muscular, asignatura que es requisito curricular en las carreras de la salud. Para el estudio de la asignatura, docentes y estudiantes utilizan recursos tradicionales y emergentes. Parte de los recursos emergentes son los contenidos digitales, modalidades de tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones (TIC) disponib...

Extratos vegetais usados no controle de dípteros vetores de zoonoses Plant extracts used in the control of dipteran vectors of zoonosis

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M.V Maciel

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Os insetos são importantes transmissores de doenças que cada vez mais ocorrem em áreas periurbanas ou urbanas, devido à introdução ou reaparecimento de seus respectivos vetores. As estratégias de controle das doenças transmissíveis por vetores biológicos são de difícil execução, principalmente quando associadas à existência de reservatórios domésticos e silvestres e aos aspectos ambientais. O uso de inseticidas direcionado ao combate de formas adultas de dípteros vetores tem sido freqüente. Entretanto, o amplo uso dos inseticidas sintéticos desde a descoberta do DDT para o controle de pragas domésticas e da agricultura, como também de vetores que transmitem doenças ao homem, levou a uma maior preocupação em relação à toxicidade e impacto ambiental destes agentes. Além disso, a resistência a inseticidas tornou-se uma preocupação crescente na agricultura, economia e na saúde pública. Um grande número de diferentes espécies de plantas representando diferentes áreas geográficas ao redor do mundo tem se mostrado capaz de causar efeitos letais e subletais sobre insetos. Esta revisão aborda a utilização de extratos de plantas com potencial no controle de dípteros vetores de zoonoses.Insects are important transmitters of diseases increasingly occurring in peri-urban or urban areas due to the introduction or the reemergence of their respective vectors. Strategies to control diseases transmitted by biological vectors are difficult to implement, especially when associated with the existence of domestic and wild reservoirs and environmental aspects. The use of insecticides against adult forms of dipteran vectors has been frequent. However, the widespread use of synthetic insecticides since the discovery of DDT to control domestic and agricultural pests, as well as vectors that transmit diseases to humans, has led to greater concern for the toxicity and environmental impact of these agents. Moreover, resistance to

Study of infection by Rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in humans and ticks in an urban park located in the City of Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil Estudo da infecção por Rickettsias do grupo da febre maculosa em humanos e carrapatos de um parque urbano na Cidade de Londrina, Estado do Paraná

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Roberta Santos Toledo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Spotted fevers are emerging zoonoses caused by Rickettsia species in the spotted fever group (SFG. Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF and it is transmitted by Amblyomma spp. ticks. METHODS: The study aimed to investigate SFG rickettsiae in the Arthur Thomas Municipal Park in Londrina, PR, by collecting free-living ticks and ticks from capybaras and blood samples from personnel working in these areas. Samples from A. dubitatum and A. cajennense were submitted for PCR in pools to analyze the Rickettsia spp. gltA (citrate synthase gene. RESULTS: All the pools analyzed were negative. Human sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay with R. rickettsii and R. parkeri as antigens. Among the 34 sera analyzed, seven (20.6% were reactive for R. rickettsii: four of these had endpoint titers equal to 64, 2 titers were 128 and 1 titer was 256. None of the samples were reactive for R. parkeri. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the park staff, but no statistically significant associations were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The serological studies suggest the presence of Rickettsiae related to SFG that could be infecting the human population studied; however, analysis of the ticks collected was unable to determine which species may be involved in transmission to humans.INTRODUÇÃO: A febre maculosa é uma zoonose emergente causada por espécies de Rickettsia do grupo febre maculosa (GFM. Rickettsia rickettsii é o principal agente etiológico da febre maculosa brasileira (FMB e é transmitida por Amblyomma spp. MÉTODOS: Com o objetivo de obter informações sobre GFM Rickettsiae no Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas em Londrina, PR, carrapatos de vida livre e de capivaras foram coletados, assim como amostras de sangue das pessoas que trabalham no parque. A. dubitatum e A. cajennense foram submetidos à PCR em pools para analises de Rickettsia spp. gltA (citrate synthase gene

New business dynamics and agressiveness between competitors

OpenAIRE

Ruiz, Sandra Marcela

2015-01-01

Pesquisas recentes tem se concentrado em analisar se as vantagens competitivas podem ser sustentáveis em um contexto hipercompetitivo. Literatura existente que tem analisado economias emergentes descobriu que o desenvolvimento do contexto institucional contribui para a criação de condições hipercompetitivas. Reconhecendo a importância dessas pesquisas no campo da gestão estratégica, mas ao invés de concentrar a atenção em países emergentes, este trabalho considera crucial ter um espectro mais...

Predicción de quiebras empresariales en economías emergentes: uso de un modelo logístico mixto || Bankruptcy Prediction in Emerging Economies: Use of a Mixed Logistic Model

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Caro, Norma Patricia

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo replica y adapta el modelo de Jones y Hensher (2004 a los datos de una economía emergente con el propósito de evaluar su validez externa. Se compara el desempeño del modelo logístico estándar en relación con el modelo logístico mixto para predecir el riesgo de crisis en el periodo 1993-2000, utilizando estados contables de empresas argentinas y ratios definidos en estudios de Altman y Jones y Hensher. Como en estudios anteriores, rentabilidad, rotación, endeudamiento y flujo de fondos operativos explican la probabilidad de crisis financiera. La contribución de esta nueva metodología reduce la tasa de error del tipo I a un 9 %. Se demuestra que el modelo logístico mixto, que tiene en cuenta la heterogeneidad no observada, supera ampliamente el desempeño del modelo logístico estándar. || This study is a replication and adaptation of Jones and Hensher (2004 model in an emerging economy with the purpose of testing its eternal validity. It compares the logistic standard model's performance with the logistic mixed model to predict bankruptcy risk of Argentinean companies between 1993-2000 by using financial statements and ratios defined in previous studies by Altman and Jones and Hensher. Similar to previous studies, profitability, asset turnover, debt and cash flow from operations explain financial distress' probability. The main contribution of this new methodology is the important reduction of error type I to the 9 %. This study asserts that the logistic mixed model, that considers the effect of non-observed heterogeneity, significantly improves the performance of the logistic standard model.

A questão ambiental na promoção da saúde: uma oportunidade de ação multiprofissional sobre doenças emergentes Environmental issues on health promotion: a multi-professional action on emerging diseases

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Rosana Andreatta Carvalho Schmidt

2007-01-01

Full Text Available A discussão sobre a emergência de agravos à saúde coloca todos os profissionais de saúde em alerta. Através de uma revisão sobre os conceitos de doença emergente, relacionando-a com uma situação concreta, a emergência da hantavirose em Santa Catarina, Brasil, constatou-se a necessidade de um enfoque sobre as condições ambientais em tais situações. O melhor conhecimento sobre os fatores ambientais envolvidos e contextualizados torna possível um melhor posicionamento para a elaboração das políticas de controle e prevenção a serem adotadas. Tal posicionamento possibilita a ação multiprofissional, sob a forma de orientação às comunidades, como necessidade de um modelo assistencial diferenciado.The discussion on the emergence of health injuries preoccupies all health workers. In a review on the concepts of emerging disease, related to a concrete situation, the emergence of the Hantaviruses in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, the author highlights the need for focusing on environmental conditions in such situations. The best knowledge on environmental factors makes it possible to elaborate controlling and preventive policies. This enables the multi-professional action in providing community information, as the need for a differentiated assistance model.

Políticas y Programas de política educativa pública orientados a adolescentes y jóvenes: perspectivas e interrogantes desde el campo de la Comunicación/Educación/Cultura

OpenAIRE

Arce, Débora Magalí; Guiller, Charis Maricel; Iotti, Andrea

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo se enmarca en nuestro proyecto de investigación “Sentidos y prácticas emergentes en proyectos orientados a la transformación de procesos de formación de jóvenes en instituciones de Educación Pública” (Programa de Incentivos- UNLP), el cual se constituye como un estudio exploratorio respecto de los sentidos y prácticas emergentes en los procesos de formación contemporáneos considerando políticas y programas de política educativa pública orientados a adolescentes y jóvenes. ...

Mudança organizacional: um estudo em empresas graduadas por uma incubadora de biotecnologia

OpenAIRE

Arimar Colen Gontijo

2004-01-01

Este trabalho analisa o processo de mudança organizacional ocorrido em empresas graduadas numa incubadora e discute amplamente, sob várias óticas, a mudança planejada e a mudança emergente, na tentativa de responder ao problema de pesquisa: Como se caracteriza o processo de transição de uma empresa incubada para uma empresa graduada, sob a ótica da mudança organizacional planejada e da mudança organizacional emergente? Foram estudadas empresas incubadas e graduadas de 1999 até 2003 em uma inc...

Analisis de PPcPs (pharmaceutical and personal care products) en aguas residuales y suelos

OpenAIRE

Johana Andrea Velásquez Arias

2016-01-01

Los productos farmacéuticos y de higiene personal (PPcPs) son conocidos como contaminantes emergentes,  ampliamente usados  por la sociedad  moderna. Las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR), mitigan la presencia de estos contaminantes emergentes en los efluentes que vierten al medio ambiente. La eficiencia de eliminación de las EDAR, varían en base a la precisión en la detección y en las técnicas utilizadas. Este estudio revisó literatura para estudios que informaron sobre la pr...

Poor livestock keepers: ecosystem-poverty-health interactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Grace, Delia; Lindahl, Johanna; Wanyoike, Francis; Bett, Bernard; Randolph, Tom; Rich, Karl M

2017-07-19

Humans have never been healthier, wealthier or more numerous. Yet, present success may be at the cost of future prosperity and in some places, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, poverty persists. Livestock keepers, especially pastoralists, are over-represented among the poor. Poverty has been mainly attributed to a lack of access, whether to goods, education or enabling institutions. More recent insights suggest ecosystems may influence poverty and the self-reinforcing mechanisms that constitute poverty traps in more subtle ways. The plausibility of zoonoses as poverty traps is strengthened by landmark studies on disease burden in recent years. While in theory, endemic zoonoses are best controlled in the animal host, in practice, communities are often left to manage disease themselves, with the focus on treatment rather than prevention. We illustrate this with results from a survey on health costs in a pastoral ecosystem. Epidemic zoonoses are more likely to elicit official responses, but these can have unintended consequences that deepen poverty traps. In this context, a systems understanding of disease control can lead to more effective and pro-poor disease management. We illustrate this with an example of how a system dynamics model can help optimize responses to Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Kenya by giving decision makers real-time access to the costs of the delay in vaccinating. In conclusion, a broader, more ecological understanding of poverty and of the appropriate responses to the diseases of poverty can contribute to improved livelihoods for livestock keepers in Africa.This article is part of the themed issue 'One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being'. © 2017 The Authors.

Pediatria ambiental: um tema emergente

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Patricia M. Valenzuela

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Revisar os artigos mais relevantes sobre a pediatria ambiental, seus efeitos potenciais para a saúde e, especialmente, seus avanços na prevenção. FONTES DOS DADOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e SciELO. Foram revisados artigos de 1990 a 2010, além de capítulos de livros relacionados à pediatria ambiental. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Há uma variedade significativa de fatores que tornam as crianças altamente vulneráveis à exposição a riscos ambientais, associados principalmente ao consumo comparativamente maior de água, comida e ar por parte da criança, em relação ao seu peso corporal. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, mais de 3 milhões de crianças menores de 5 anos morrem devido a doenças relacionadas ao meio ambiente. Aproximadamente 30-40% das doenças pediátricas estão relacionadas a fatores ambientais. As crianças estão constantemente expostas a vários riscos ambientais para a saúde, dentre os quais se destacam: água contaminada, falta de condições adequadas de saneamento, poluição do ar, vetores de doenças, perigos químicos, injúrias e acidentes. CONCLUSÕES: Atualmente, os pediatras são desafiados a tratar das necessidades de saúde ligadas à pediatria ambiental. A história pediátrica deve ser mais abrangente, acrescentando-se questões pontuais que ajudem a identificar potenciais riscos ambientais. A conscientização e o entendimento sobre os efeitos nocivos das várias condições ambientais e o conhecimento sobre as medidas de prevenção relacionadas resultarão em intervenções oportunas e adequadas que melhorarão a saúde e o desenvolvimento das nossas crianças.

La creatividad, una propiedad emergente

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Carlota Torrents

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Las definiciones tradicionales de creatividad, basadas en procesos cognitivos y lineales, no concuerdan con los resultados de investigaciones relacionados con el comportamiento creativo en situaciones de improvisación. Recientemente, se analizó a tres bailarines de Contact Improvisation (danza basada en el contacto corporal y la improvisación que improvisaron en parejas libremente o siguiendo dos instrucciones que limitaban parcialmente las posibilidades de bailar. Los resultados mostraron cómo, en función de la instrucción, se favorecía la emergencia de habilidades concretas de forma espontánea. Las instrucciones pueden favorecer la creatividad si facilitan que los bailarines exploren situaciones poco habituales.

GOVERNANÇA NOS MERCADOS EMERGENTES

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Valdir de Jesus Lameira

2009-07-01

site do Banco Mundial. Posteriormente utilizou-se o método de regressões lineares múltiplas de modo a investigar possíveis relações estatísticas entre as variáveis. Os resultados apontam para a existência de uma relação positiva entre governança e renda per capita e negativa entre governança e crescimento econômico entre outras relações relevantes.

Profesiones emergentes para los comunicadores

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Manuel Ortiz Marín

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Señala el autor que en México se ha iniciado una lenta pero segura transformación del campo profesional de la comunicación. La carrera de Comunicación ocupa el octavo lugar entre las carreras más demandadas en la Educación Superior de México, que con la fuerte avalancha tecnológica y el surgimiento de la apertura de nuevos espacios sociales y político-económicos han impulsado otras formas de hacer comunicación. Dos son los campos más opcionados: medios de comunicación masiva, y lo organizacional y la publicidad, aunadas al surgimiento del marketing político. Hoy se demanda del profesional nuevas y dinámicas competencias para enfrentar escenarios laborales antes no explorados.

All projects related to india | Page 7 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Promoting Health, Livelihoods, and Sustainable Livestock Systems in Peri-Urban Ecosystems of India. Project ... Topic: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ZOONOSES, GENDER ANALYSIS, Disease control, ANTIBIOTICS, ANIMAL DISEASES.

APLICACIÓN DE FOTOCATÁLISIS SOLAR A PH NEUTRO PARA LA ELIMINACIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES QUÍMICOS Y BIOLÓGICOS

OpenAIRE

Bernabeu García, Antonio

2012-01-01

Los estudios realizados en esta Tesis Doctoral se han centrado en la aplicación de los Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada (AOPs) en condiciones próximas a la neutralidad para la eliminación de contaminantes químicos (contaminantes emergentes) y biológicos (larvas de mejillón cebra) en aguas naturales, mediante aplicación de procesos de fotocatálisis solar heterogénea con TiO2 y foto-Fenton solar a pH neutro. Los tratamientos de oxidación aplicados a los contaminantes emergentes se han realizad...

Informal value chain actors' knowledge and perceptions about zoonotic diseases and biosecurity in Kenya and the importance for food safety and public health.

Science.gov (United States)

Nyokabi, Simon; Birner, Regina; Bett, Bernard; Isuyi, Linda; Grace, Delia; Güttler, Denise; Lindahl, Johanna

2018-03-01

Zoonotic diseases, transmitted from animals to humans, are a public health challenge in developing countries. Livestock value chain actors have an important role to play as the first line of defence in safeguarding public health. However, although the livelihood and economic impacts of zoonoses are widely known, adoption of biosecurity measures aimed at preventing zoonoses is low, particularly among actors in informal livestock value chains in low and middle-income countries. The main objective of this study was to investigate knowledge of zoonoses and adoption of biosecurity measures by livestock and milk value chain actors in Bura, Tana River County, in Kenya, where cattle, camels, sheep and goats are the main livestock kept. The study utilised a mixed methods approach, with a questionnaire survey administered to 154 value chain actors. Additional information was elicited through key informant interviews and participatory methods with relevant stakeholders outside the value chain. Our results found low levels of knowledge of zoonoses and low levels of adherence to food safety standards, with only 37% of milk traders knowing about brucellosis, in spite of a sero-prevalence of 9% in the small ruminants tested in this study, and no slaughterhouse worker knew about Q fever. Actors had little formal education (between 0 and 10%) and lacked training in food safety and biosecurity measures. Adoption of biosecurity measures by value chain actors was very low or non-existent, with only 11% of butchers wearing gloves. There was a gendered dimension, evidenced by markedly different participation in value chains and lower adoption rates and knowledge levels among female actors. Finally, cultural and religious practices were shown to play an important role in exposure and transmission of diseases, influencing perceptions and attitudes to risks and adoption of biosecurity measures.

Regional networks and transnational social movements in emerging patterns of collaboration and conflict in the Americas Redes regionales y movimientos sociales transnacionales en patrones emergentes de colaboración y conflicto en las américas

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Roberto Patricio KORZENIEWICZ

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This article seeks to contribuye to the debate over citizenship in Latin America and to suggest some themes for further debate. After a brief review of the processes that influence the reconfigurations of citizenzship, we argue that the formal approach to the rights and duties of the citizen should be renovated and complemented with an anthropogical perspective. We also argue that the processes of globalization and societal change throw up new questions. Once these «transversal» themes have been discussed, we reflect on the principal «classic» dimensions of citizenship (civil, political and social rights as well on the issue of the emergent eth¬nic citizenship.Con este artículo buscamos sugerir algunas pautas para el debate sobre las transformaciones de «la ciudadanía» en América Latina. Después de una breve revisión de los procesos que inciden en las reconfiguraciones de la ciudadanía, argumentamos que la aproximación formal a los derechos y obligaciones ciudadanas debe ser renovada y complementada con una aproximación antropológica; argumentamos también que los procesos de globalización y cambio societal plantean nuevos interrogantes. Una vez sentadas esas temáticas «transversales», elaboramos algunas reflexiones acerca de las principales dimensiones «clásicas» de la ciudadanía (los dere¬chos civiles, políticos y sociales así como el tema emergente de la ciudadanía étnica.

Consolidação de diretrizes internacionais de manejo de populações caninas em áreas urbanas e proposta de indicadores para seu gerenciamento Consolidation of international guidelines for the management of canine populations in urban areas and proposal of performance indicators

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Rita de Cassia Maria Garcia

2012-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho é propor um programa genérico de manejo populacional de cães em áreas urbanas com indicadores para seu gerenciamento. Foram revisadas e consolidadas as diretrizes internacionais disponíveis para o manejo populacional de cães: Organização Mundial da Saúde, Organização Mundial para a Saúde Animal, World Society for the Protection of Animals, International Companion Animal Management Coalition e Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura. Os programas de manejo populacional de cães devem contemplar: diagnóstico da situação, incluindo estimativa populacional; participação social com envolvimento dos diferentes setores no planejamento e na execução das estratégias; ações educativas para promover os valores humanos, o bem-estar animal, a saúde das comunidades e a aquisição responsável (compra ou adoção; manejo ambiental e de resíduos para diminuir a fonte de alimento e abrigo; registro e identificação dos animais; cuidados da saúde animal, controle reprodutivo dos cães; prevenção e controle de zoonoses; controle do comércio de animais; manejo etológico e destino adequado dos animais abandonados; e legislação pertinente à guarda responsável, à prevenção ao abandono e à prevenção das zoonoses. Para monitorar as ações, devem-se utilizar quatro grupos de indicadores: relativos às populações animais, às interações humano/animal, aos serviços públicos e às zoonoses transmitidas por esses animais. Concluiu-se que o manejo populacional dos cães de rua exige estratégias políticas, sanitárias, etológicas, ecológicas e humanitárias que sejam socialmente aceitas e ambientalmente sustentáveis. Também deve integrar o controle das zoonoses como raiva e leishmaniose, inserindo-se no conceito de "uma só saúde", que beneficia tanto os animais quanto as pessoas das comunidades.The objective of this study is to propose a generic program for the management of urban

Efecto del fuego y dinámica de las hidrófitas emergentes en el humedal de la Mintzita, Michoacán, México Fire and dynamics of the emergent hydrophytes of the Mintzita wetlands, Michoacán, México

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Yazmín Escutia-Lara

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio de la dinámica de humedales de aguas interiores de México, en particular del estado de Michoacán, ha sido muy limitado. Por lo tanto, en el año 2005 se inició un estudio de campo a través de parcelas permanentes para conocer la abundancia y distribución, a lo largo del tiempo, de las hidrófitas emergentes de los humedales de la Mintzita, en las cercanías de la ciudad de Morelia. A un año de iniciarse el trabajo (2006, la zona sufrió los efectos de un incendio que se propagó desde un terreno agrícola, disturbio que se repitió durante el tercer año del estudio (2007. Estos incendios permitieron documentar los efectos del fuego sobre la comunidad de hidrófitas emergentes en este sistema de humedales. Los efectos del fuego fueron diferenciales para las especies dominantes; Shoenoplectus americanus no fue afectada por el fuego, pero Typha domingensis redujo y modificó su cobertura a lo largo del gradiente hídrico, lo que ocasionó una pérdida de la zonación inicial característica de estas 2 especies. Durante el año 2005 se identificaron 34 especies; el siguiente año se perdieron 5, y finalmente en 2007 sólo se registraron 26. Entre las especies que se conservan, destaca Carex comosa, perteneciente a un género característico de humedales bien conservados, que aumentó su cobertura 133%. Los incendios afectaron de manera más intensa a especies facultativas y pastos, lo que sugiere que disturbios semejantes pueden mantener la estructura y composición florística de este tipo de ecosistemas.Study of the dynamics of continental wetlands in México, and in particular from the state of Michoacán, has been scarce. In response to this need, a field study was started in 2005 through the establishment of permanent plots to document changes in abundance and distribution through time of emergent hydrophytes of the Mintzita wetlands, near the city of Morelia. In the first and third years , the area suffered the effects of a

All projects related to | Page 161 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ecohealth Chair on Human and Animal Health in Protected Ecosystems of Central and Eastern Africa. Project ... Topic: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ZOONOSES, GENDER ANALYSIS, Disease control, ANTIBIOTICS, ANIMAL DISEASES.

Commemorating Misadventures, Celebrating Collaborations

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

Byron Breedlove, Managing Editor of Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, reads his February 2018 cover essay, "Commemorating Misadventures, Celebrating Collaborations" and discusses a sketch by Picasso and zoonoses.

Zoonoses risk: AHWs and Livestock keepers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... loss of markets because of decreased consumer confidence (McDermott & Arimi, ..... Some of the traditional livestock keepers reported eating meat from animals .... G. & Nilsen, R. (2003) The role of livestock keeping in tuberculosis trends in ...

All projects related to india | Page 6 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Involuntary resettlement: A cross-country study on urban inequality and poverty. Project ... Topic: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ZOONOSES, GENDER ANALYSIS, Disease control, ... Preparing States in India for Universal Health Coverage.

Disease: H01107 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available eterophyiasis; Metagonimiasis Intestinal fluke infections are intestinal, food-borne parasitic zoonoses that...an RH, Fried B ... TITLE ... Fasciolopsiasis: is it a controllable food-borne disea

Inmigración y maternidad en la transición a la vida adulta en jóvenes Latinoamericanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adolfo Pizzinato

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La teoría del adulto emergente es un marco de comprensión de los as- pectos psicosociales del desarrollo humano, considerando aspectos referentes a la globalización y sus efectos. El adulto emergente, según defiende la teoría, presentaría cinco características principales: inestabilidad; ambivalencia / sentimiento de frontera; foco en sí mis- mo; experimentación; y visión de posibilidades para el futuro. Con el objetivo de validar ese modelo para un grupo específico: el de jóvenes madres latinoamericanas, fue elaborada una investigación que analizó cualitativamente, con las premisas del análisis de contenido, entrevistas que fueron realizadas en Barcelona con veintidós jóvenes inmigrantes latinoamericanas en España. Los resultados muestran que la teoría del adulto emergente puede ser una herramienta útil para la comprensión de la juventud actual como fenómeno, sin dejar de lado las característi- cas contextuales,legales y económicas, que tienen mayor impacto en la transición hacia la vida adulta.

La Contabilidad y la Aplicación del Método Ortogonal de los costos en las Empresas Ganaderas en el distrito Cajamarca

OpenAIRE

Vásquez Carranza, César Octavio

2016-01-01

Según los informes del FMI las perspectivas de crecimiento mundial son iguales entre las principales economías. En las economías avanzadas se prevé que el crecimiento sea más fuerte en el 2016 que en 2015, mientras que en las economías de mercados emergentes y en desarrollo se espera sea más débil. El crecimiento mundial será de 3,5% en el 2015 y de 3,8% en el 2016. Sin embargo, las perspectivas para la mayoría de economías emergentes y en desarrollo como nuestro país no son buenas, se prevé ...

III Colóquio luso-brasileiro de educação a distância e elearning

OpenAIRE

Amante, Lúcia; Mendes, António Quintas; Barros, Daniela Melaré Vieira; Cardoso, Teresa; Spilker, Maria João

2013-01-01

O livro de atas do III Colóquio Luso-Brasileiro de Educação a Distância e Elearning, realizado em Lisboa em dezembro de 2013, reúne um vasto conjunto de comunicações apresentadas no evento e que se distribuem por 10 grandes temas a saber: EaD e Políticas educativas; Boas Práticas em Educação Online; Modelos e Processos Pedagógicos em Educação online; Web 2.0 e tecnologias emergentes; Pedagogias emergentes (PLEs, MOOCs, REAs, …); Realidade Virtual em EaD; Jogos e gamification em EaD; Mobile Le...

Cystic echinococcosis: prevalence and economic sig- nificance in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

tribution and economic significance of small ruminant cystic echinococcosis. A total of 850 small ruminants ..... Echinococcus granulosus infection in Spain. Zoonoses Pub. ... Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis ...

Estratégia em negócios internacionais: evidência em uma trading company que atua entre economias emergentes International business strategy: evidence from a trading company that operates in emerging economies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karim Marini Thomé

2013-04-01

Full Text Available No presente estudo retomam-se os questionamentos de Peng (2004; 2003 a respeito do que direciona a estratégia da firma e do que determina o sucesso ou o fracasso em negócios internacionais. Mais especificamente, investiga-se o que direcionou a estratégia de uma trading company e o que determinou o seu sucesso em negócios internacionais. O referencial teórico é dividido em duas partes. A primeira diz respeito ao negócio da trading company, pautada na atuação triangular de relacionamento entre trading company, clientes e fornecedores. Na segunda parte versa-se sobre as distintas abordagens ou bases da estratégia em negócios internacionais: competição industrial, recursos e capacidades da firma e condições e transições institucionais. O estudo é de natureza descritiva e qualitativa. Na coleta dos dados primários foram utilizados roteiro de entrevistas em profundidade, observação direta não participativa e análise documental, ao longo dos meses de julho de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. O caso selecionado para estudo é uma trading company que apresenta elevado volume transacionado entre economias emergentes. Os resultados evidenciaram que não há direcionador único na estratégia da trading company estudada. O que se observou foi uma variedade de estratégias baseadas ora em competitividade industrial, ora em recursos e capacidades da firma, ora em condições institucionais. Cada direcionador correspondeu, assim, a um determinado momento na trajetória da trading company estudada. Da mesma maneira, não foi observada uma ordem cronológica linear entre os direcionadores, tampouco a obsolescência dos direcionadores. Ao contrario, as evidências apontam que os direcionadores são cumulativos e cíclicos, e necessitam ser revisados e, até mesmo, repensados, em função de atributos organizacionais e de contexto ambiental que se modificam. O determinante de sucesso da trading company estudada em negócios internacionais entre

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

: A Research and Knowledge-Based Advocacy Project ... Control and Elimination of Helminth Zoonoses in the Greater ... This project will contribute evidence to help control and eliminate schistosomiasis and liver fluke ...

Risco sanitário do mel no Brasil em relação a novas ameaças: resíduos e contaminantes químicos emergentes | Honey health risk in Brazil related to new threats: emerging chemical residues and contaminants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiago Bousquet Bandini

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Esta revisão de literatura narrativa trata do mel, sua contextualização como produto de variadas utilizações e com significativa relevância socioeconômica, tendo como objetivo descrever alguns resíduos e contaminantes químicos emergentes e seus aspectos relacionados à Vigilância Sanitária. O mel é uma substância que, além de ser utilizada como alimento desde o início da civilização humana, possui aplicações terapêuticas e farmacotécnicas. O Brasil está entre os grandes produtores e exportadores mundiais de mel, cuja produção tem relevante papel socioeconômico no país. Como outros produtos de origem animal, o mel está sujeito à presença de resíduos de substâncias utilizadas na proteção dos enxames e de contaminantes provenientes do meio ambiente. Apesar da presença de substâncias no mel com potencial impacto na saúde ser esperada pelas agências sanitárias, é necessária a atualização quanto a quais substâncias devem ou não ser monitoradas. Essa revisão relaciona exemplos de classes de substâncias que atualmente não são monitoradas, tidas como “emergentes” por ainda não serem regulamentadas adequadamente no Brasil e em diversas partes do mundo. Para os contaminantes emergentes aqui tratados, publicações científicas com dados nacionais são escassas ou inexistentes quando se trata de mel, demostrando que há necessidade de produção de conhecimento científico nessa área. Recomenda-se mais estudos acerca da ocorrência de quinolonas, alcaloides pirrolizidínicos, graianotoxinas e de substâncias utilizadas na produção de polímeros em mel no Brasil, para que riscos sanitários provenientes do consumo de mel contendo essas substâncias possam ser conhecidos e minimizados ou eliminados. ================================================ This narrative literature review deals with the honey, its context as a product of varied uses and with significant socio-economic relevance, aiming to

Sobre leptospirose e informação: ampliando os conceitos de negligência em saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudio Manuel Rodrigues

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Quando se utiliza a denominação “negligência” em saúde infere-se que não faltem recursos financeiros para lidar com determinadas doenças ou que existam tratamentos disponíveis, mas que são doenças ignoradas apesar de representarem um potencial risco ou um dano já instalado à saúde pública. O negligenciamento de uma doença possui um duplo significado. O primeiro faz menção ao discurso clássico da negligência decorrente da falta de ação dos atores centrais da saúde pública: indústria farmacêutica, governo e sistema de saúde. Já o segundo, em intrincado e concomitante arranjo, diz respeito ao negligenciamento das populações correlacionadas à pobreza, desenvolvendo um círculo vicioso que acorrenta, pelo menos, um bilhão de pessoas em todo o planeta, segundo dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS. Esta identifica apenas 17 doenças denominadas “negligenciadas” e que afetam populações de maior vulnerabilidade econômica e social, apesar de não incluir a leptospirose — uma zoonose emergente, endêmica e de incidência global. Tomando por proposta a ampliação do conceito de negligência em saúde, discute-se neste artigo o rompimento com o modelo hegemônico, levando-se em consideração o quanto desassistida seria a leptospirose como a antropozoonose de maior incidência mundial e com uma letalidade elevada em áreas de menor aporte econômico do planeta, apesar de não reconhecida em todo o seu potencial zoonótico por falta de dados confiáveis de carga de doença em populações humanas e animais.

Baboons as potential reservoirs of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasite ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

EB

Introduction. Zoonoses, infectious diseases transmitted from ... estimated 71% of emerging human pathogens of zoonotic ... combat zoonotic diseases, we need to identify pathogens .... in crop raiding and wild foraging Papio anubis in Nigeria.

[Consolidation of international guidelines for the management of canine populations in urban areas and proposal of performance indicators].

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Rita de Cassia Maria; Calderón, Néstor; Ferreira, Fernando

2012-08-01

The objective of this study is to propose a generic program for the management of urban canine populations with suggestion of performance indicators. The following international guidelines on canine population management were revised and consolidated: World Health Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health, World Society for the Protection of Animals, International Companion Animal Management Coalition, and the Food and Agriculture Organization. Management programs should cover: situation diagnosis, including estimates of population size; social participation with involvement of various sectors in the planning and execution of strategies; educational actions to promote humane values, animal welfare, community health, and responsible ownership (through purchase or adoption); environmental and waste management to eliminate sources of food and shelter; registration and identification of animals; animal health care, reproductive control; prevention and control of zoonoses; control of animal commerce; management of animal behavior and adequate solutions for abandoned animals; and laws regulating responsible ownership, prevention of abandonment and zoonoses. To monitor these actions, four groups of indicators are suggested: animal population indicators, human/animal interaction indicators, public service indicators, and zoonosis indicators. The management of stray canine populations requires political, sanitary, ethologic, ecologic, and humanitarian strategies that are socially acceptable and environmentally sustainable. Such measures must also include the control of zoonoses such as rabies and leishmaniasis, considering the concept of "one health," which benefits both the animals and people in the community.

IDRC Book Panel | IDRC - International Development Research ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2010-11-02

Nov 2, 2010 ... It requires scientists to work across disciplines, to engage communities ... Improving health, food security and soil fertility in Malawi ... Minu Sharma, National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre Kathmandu, Nepal.

Predicting the role of veterinary medicine in future health and food safety challenges

Science.gov (United States)

Fejzić, N.; Šerić-Haračić, S.

2017-09-01

Animals have always been a source of food, materials, protection and wellbeing for humans; however, animal diseases, including zoonoses, have both direct and indirect negative effects on human health, economy and the society. Since its establishment, the veterinary profession has provided crucial input in eradicating disease, increasing animal production and reducing losses due to diseases. Currently, foodborne diseases and zoonoses have raised awareness in developed countries, which have excellent systems for disease surveillance and reporting both in humans and animal populations. Due to lack of modern, integrated surveillance and reporting, the burden of zoonoses and foodborne diseases in developing European countries is much harder to assess. Differences in countries’ animal health status (demonstrated through disease surveillance) have been a main pivot point for international trade of animals and animal products. However, rapid and dramatic evolvement of the health trends in the world changed the principles of animal disease surveillance. Approaches requiring lower cost (i.e. risk-based surveillance) are now proposed, not only due to less available public funding, but also because the costs are harder to justify to policy makers if a disease is exotic and/or rare. Therefore, the veterinary profession has faced insufficient interest of governments and funds for further research into many persistent endemic animal diseases and zoonoses. On the other hand, eradication of selected diseases in some areas while elsewhere they still persist, and the continuous emergence of new diseases, cannot guarantee permanent epidemiological stability. As food safety and security become more important, global trends and events have highlighted the biological, health and economic inseparability of the relationships between humans, animals as pets and/or food sources and wildlife within the social and ecological framework of living space that these species share. Veterinarians

Implementar la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación física mediante TICs

OpenAIRE

Díaz Barahona, José

2013-01-01

Documento para estudiantes de Grado y Máster de Educación Física o para educadores físicos de Primaria y/o Secundaria El documento expone cómo aportar valor añadido a la enseñanza y al aprendizaje de la Educación Física a través de las TIC. Responde a cuestiones básicas cómo: para qué, por qué y cómo utilizar la tecnología educativa en la disciplina. Alude a la necesidad de complementar las tecnologías emergentes con pedagogías emergentes y explica cómo pueden los educadores físicos desarr...

Borna disease virus and its role in the pathology of animals and humans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. O. Mikheev

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Infectious diseases that are caused by numerous pathogenic microorganisms – bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi – can be transmitted from patients or carriers to healthy people or animals. A large group of infectious disease is caused by pathogens of animal infections – zoonoses. The issue of zoonoses is of great significance in human pathology and requires comprehensive study. This is of particular relevance to Ukraine, as the question of prevalence, level within the population and threats to human life and health from zoonoses, though highly important, has remained insufficiently studied. Information about many of these pathogens is absent in the existing scientific literature accessible in Ukraine – both veterinary and medical. This applies, in particular, to a causative agent of viral zoonoses the Borna disease virus or Bornavirus. For this purpose, an analysis of the literature concerning the role of the Bornavirus in the pathology of animals and humans was conducted. It is well known that a large number of pathogens of animal infections (zoonoses, including viral, pose a potential threat to human health. Among these potential threats is the Borna disease virus belonging to the family of Bornaviridae, order Mononegavirales. This order includes representatives of deadly human diseases like rabies (family Rhabdoviridae, Ebola virus (family Filoviridae and Nipah virus (family Paramyxoviridae. Borna virus disease affects mainly mammals, but can infect birds and even reptiles (Aspid bornavirus. It is established that Bornaviruses have a wide range of natural hosts (horses, sheeps, cats, bats and various birds, including domestic animals, which poses a potential threat to human health. This is evidenced by numerous, although contradictory, research into the role of the Borna disease virus in human pathologies such as schizophrenia, depression, prolonged fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and others. Analysis of the literature clearly

A obesidade infantil: um problema emergente

OpenAIRE

Sousa, Joana; Loureiro, Isabel; Carmo, Isabel do

2008-01-01

A obesidade é um dos problemas de saúde mais graves que afecta crianças e adolescentes a nível mundial. As evidências sugerem que o problema está a agravar-se rapidamente. O aumento da prevalência de obesidade infantil pode fazer com que a próxima geração apresente indicadores de obesidade no adulto superiores aos indicadores actuais. Pelo facto de a obesidade estar intimamente associada a diferentes patologias crónicas faz com que estejamos perante um enorme desafio para o sistema de cuidado...

Redes sociais na internet: Sociabilidades emergentes

OpenAIRE

Amaral, Inês

2016-01-01

Na actual era da cultura digital é imperativo identificar e compreender os tipos de sociabilidade que emergem das novas práticas e relações que ocorrem no ciberespaço, para que seja possível teorizar sobre realidades sociais que são desenhadas em torno da apropriação do conteúdo e materializadas em plataformas que se assumem como o termómetro de uma sociedade sem determinismo geográfico. A sociabilização em contexto digital reporta-se ao princípio de que um mundo de informação (conteúdos, ...

A low prevalence of mycobacteria in freshwater fish from water reservoirs, ponds and farms

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mrlík, V.; Slaný, M.; Kubečka, Jan; Seďa, Jaromír; Nečas, A.; Babák, V.; Slaná, I.; Kříž, P.; Pavlík, I.

2012-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 7 (2012), s. 497-504 ISSN 0140-7775 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : food safety * mycobacteriosis * potentially pathogenic mycobacteria * zoonoses Subject RIV: DA - Hydrology ; Limnology Impact factor: 1.591, year: 2012

Concept Note: Environmental Economics

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

TEST

... telles que des formes d'influenza (dont les virus H5N1 [influenza aviaire] et ..... Avian Influenza: Science, Policy and Politics", STEPS Working Paper No.10, ... Deforestation, and Prediction of Zoonoses Emergence", Emerging Infectious.

Temas emergentes em gestão de pessoas: uma análise da produção acadêmica Emerging issues in human resources management: an analysis of academic production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilson Aparecido Costa de Amorim

2011-08-01

Full Text Available This study shows outcomes from a research about national and international academic production about eight emergent human resource themes: strategic human resource management, diversity management, talent management, international human resource management, organizational learning, social responsibility, generation management, and kinds of flexible job. This group of themes were defined by a previous bibliography revision. This revision included studies and researches published at the last five years about human resource trends at important journals and events. The outcomes were combined with specialist opinions. The analysis identified that international human resource management, strategic human resource management, organizational learning, diversity management were the most common themes. The study also identified that under the methological point of view, the bigger part of the researches were exploratory; the most common methological studies profile were theoretical and empirical and the quantitative approach was predominant.Este estudo resulta de uma investigação da produção acadêmica nacional e internacional sobre oito temas emergentes em gestão de pessoas: gestão estratégica de pessoas, gestão da diversidade, gestão de talentos, gestão de pessoas internacional, aprendizagem organizacional, responsabilidade social, gestão de gerações e modalidades de trabalho flexível. Esses temas destacaram-se em uma revisão prévia da literatura, que analisou os estudos e as pesquisas sobre tendências, na área, publicados nos últimos cinco anos em importantes fontes, combinada à discussão com especialistas. A análise dos artigos investigados mostrou os temas gestão de pessoas internacional, gestão estratégica de pessoas, aprendizagem organizacional e gestão da diversidade, respectivamente, como os mais frequentes dentro de método utilizado. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, a abrangência analítica mais frequente foi a

Disease: H01098 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available e larval stages of pentastomes (tongue worms). Its definitive hosts are reptiles whilst humans serve as rare...ion, env_factor) ... AUTHORS ... Pantchev N, Tappe D ... TITLE ... Pentastomiasis and other parasitic zoonoses from reptiles

La dialéctica del amo y el esclavo como clave interpretativa del teatro emergente en la dictadura uruguaya de los años 70 The master-slave dialectic as a key for understanding the emergent theatre during the Uruguayan dictatorship of the '70s

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Modzelewski

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Aristóteles y Freud, entre otros, apoyaron la idea de que el teatro, a través de la catarsis o la posibilidad de purgar deseos reprimidos, ocupa un lugar central en la vida social, especialmente cuando regímenes totalitarios suspenden las libertades fundamentales. Sin embargo, en el microsistema teatral emergente en el Uruguay de la dictadura aparece un héroe degradado, sometido a la violencia. ¿Cómo lograba el receptor su catarsis al observar a un anti-héroe que perpetuaba la realidad opresiva? La respuesta se encuentra en Hegel y su dialéctica del amo y el esclavo. Veremos cómo puede aplicarse esta hipótesis a dos ejemplos del microsistema mencionado.Aristotle and Freud, among others, supported the idea that drama plays a central role in social life, through catharsis or the possibility of purging repressed desires, particularly when totalitarian regimes suspend fundamental freedoms. However, in the theatrical microsystem emerging during the Uruguayan dictatorship (1973-1984, the kind of hero that arose was humiliated, subjected to violence. How did the spectator reach his/her catharsis by observing an anti-hero that perpetuated the country's reality on stage? The answer to this question lies in Hegel and his dialectic of master and slave. This paper shall look into the way in which this hypothesis can be applied to two examples of the microsystem mentioned above.

Multi Locus Sequence Typing of Chlamydia Reveals an Association between Chlamydia psittaci Genotypes and Host Species

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pannekoek, Yvonne; Dickx, Veerle; Beeckman, Delphine S. A.; Jolley, Keith A.; Keijzers, Wendy C.; Vretou, Evangelia; Maiden, Martin C. J.; Vanrompay, Daisy; van der Ende, Arie

2010-01-01

Chlamydia comprises a group of obligate intracellular bacterial parasites responsible for a variety of diseases in humans and animals, including several zoonoses. Chlamydia trachomatis causes diseases such as trachoma, urogenital infection and lymphogranuloma venereum with severe morbidity.

Panorama dos modelos de negócios emerg entes da tv digital aberta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felippe Souza de Lima

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever modelos de negócios emergentes aplicados àTV digital aberta. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, o trabalho apresenta a atual realidadeda televisão aberta e seus modelos de negócios. Posteriormente, é feito um mapeamentopanorâmico buscando, assim, novas oportunidades de geração de receitas em negócio decomunicação audiovisual, considerando novos recursos tecnológicos que foramproporcionados pela digitalização da televisão aberta. Por fim, são apresentados casos,demonstrando maneiras adotadas por emissoras televisivas para gerar conteúdo adicionalmultiplataforma e desdobramentos estratégicos desenvolvidos para captar receitas por meiodestes modelos de negócios emergentes.

Pet-Related Infections.

Science.gov (United States)

Day, Michael J

2016-11-15

Physicians and veterinarians have many opportunities to partner in promoting the well-being of people and their pets, especially by addressing zoonotic diseases that may be transmitted between a pet and a human family member. Common cutaneous pet-acquired zoonoses are dermatophytosis (ringworm) and sarcoptic mange (scabies), which are both readily treated. Toxoplasmosis can be acquired from exposure to cat feces, but appropriate hygienic measures can minimize the risk to pregnant women. Persons who work with animals are at increased risk of acquiring bartonellosis (e.g., cat-scratch disease); control of cat fleas is essential to minimize the risk of these infections. People and their pets share a range of tick-borne diseases, and exposure risk can be minimized with use of tick repellent, prompt tick removal, and appropriate tick control measures for pets. Pets such as reptiles, amphibians, and backyard poultry pose a risk of transmitting Salmonella species and are becoming more popular. Personal hygiene after interacting with these pets is crucial to prevent Salmonella infections. Leptospirosis is more often acquired from wildlife than infected dogs, but at-risk dogs can be protected with vaccination. The clinical history in the primary care office should routinely include questions about pets and occupational or other exposure to pet animals. Control and prevention of zoonoses are best achieved by enhancing communication between physicians and veterinarians to ensure patients know the risks of and how to prevent zoonoses in themselves, their pets, and other people.

Disease Risk Assessments Involving Companion Animals : an Overview for 15 Selected Pathogens Taking a European Perspective

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rijks, J M|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/151266093; Cito, F; Cunningham, A A; Rantsios, A T; Giovannini, A

Prioritization of companion animal transmissible diseases was performed by the Companion Animals multisectoriaL interprofessionaL Interdisciplinary Strategic Think tank On zoonoses (CALLISTO) project. The project considered diseases occurring in domesticated species commonly kept as pets, such as

Complete genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava, strain PigK151

Science.gov (United States)

The genus Leptospira contains pathogens serologically classified into over 250 serovars, intermediate pathogens and saprophytes with genetic classification into 21 different species. Worldwide, leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses. L. interrogans serovar Bratislava has been isolated ...

Zoonoses in pet birds: review and perspectives

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

Pet birds are a not-so-well known veterinarian’s clientship fraction. Bought individually or in couples, as families often do (which is a lucrative business for pet shops or local breeders) or traded (sometimes illegally) for their very high genetic or exotic value, these birds, commonly canaries, parakeets or parrots, are regularly sold at high prices. These animals, however, are potential carriers and/or transmitters of zoonotic diseases. Some of them could have an important impact on human health, like chlamydophilosis, salmonellosis or even highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1. This review paper, although non exhaustive, aims at enlightening, by the description of several cases of bird-human transmission, the risks encountered by bird owners, including children. Public health consequences will be discussed and emphasis will be made on some vector-borne diseases, known to be emergent or which are underestimated, like those transmitted by the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Finally, biosecurity and hygiene, as well as prevention guidelines will be developed and perspectives proposed. PMID:23687940

[Nematodes with zoonotic potential in parks of the city of Tunja, Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-Anaya, Adriana María; Pulido-Medellín, Martín Orlando; Giraldo-Forero, Julio César

2015-01-01

To identify the presence of parasites with zoonotic potential in major parks in the city of Tunja, Boyacá. Twenty eight parks in the city were selected, where 124 samples of feces of dogs and soil were collected with the help of a spatula, gathering approximately 150 g per sample. They were processed by the method of concentration of Ritchie modified making the identification of parasitic forms in an optical microscope. A 60.7% of the parks were positive to nematodes in samples of canine fecal material and 100% on soil. Found nematodes were eggs and larvae of Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis and Strongiloides spp. This study demonstrated the potential risk of transmission of zoonoses caused by nematodes in canines and for the need to strengthen public health measures to reduce the risk shows the population exposed to such zoonoses.

: tous les projets | Page 376 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

End Date: 30 septembre 2015. Sujet: INFECTIOUS DISEASES, ZOONOSES, EPIDEMICS, DISEASE TRANSMISSION, DISEASE VECTORS, Disease control, REGIONAL COOPERATION. Région: South Asia, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, Far East Asia, Egypt. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et ...

: tous les projets | Page 527 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: ZOONOSES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Immunization, VACCINATION, BIRDS, HEALTH POLICY, Disease control. Région: Far East Asia, Indonesia, Thailand, Viet Nam, Central Asia, South Asia, Cambodia, China, Canada. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 496,200.00.

Echinococcosis : disease, detection and transmission

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Craig, P.S.; Rogan, M T; Campos-Ponce, M

2003-01-01

Echinococcosis is one of the world's most geographically widespread parasitic zoonoses, with transmission occurring in tropical, temperate and arctic biomes. Most human infections are due to Echinococcus granulosus transmitted between domestic dogs and livestock, but this cosmopolitan species also

Control of zoonoses in emergency situations: lessons learned during recent outbreaks (gaps and weaknesses of current zoonoses control programmes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darem Tabbaa

2008-12-01

Full Text Available In emergency situations, domestic animals and wildlife are, like people, exposed to infectious diseases and environmental contaminants in the air, soil, water and food. They can suffer from acute and/or chronic diseases from such exposure. Often animals serve as disease reservoirs or early warning systems for the community in regard to the spread of zoonotic diseases. Over 100 years of experience have shown that animal and human health are closely related. During the past few years, emergent disease episodes have increased; nearly all have involved zoonotic agents. As there is no way to predict when or where the next important new zoonotic pathogen will emerge or what its ultimate importance might be, investigation at the first sign of emergence of a new zoonotic disease is particularly important. Today, in many emerging situations, different activities involving zoonotic disease control are at risk because of failed investigative infrastructures or financial constraints. Considering that zoonotic diseases have their own characteristics, their prevention and control require unique strategies, based more on fundamental and applied research than on traditional approaches. Such strategies require cooperation and coordination between animal and public health sectors and the involvement of other disciplines and experts such as epidemiologists, entomologists, environmentalists and climatologists. Lessons learned from the avian influenza pandemic threat, the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and rabies outbreaks are presented and the gaps and weakness of current control programmes are discussed.

Cats

Science.gov (United States)

... CDC.gov . Healthy Pets, Healthy People About Pets & People Pets & Other Animals Birds Cats Dogs Farm Animals Backyard ... pets CDC Podcasts Zoonoses in the Bedroom CDC People Can Catch Diseases from Their Pets CDC Helpful books and references Cat-associated outbreaks ...

Zoonotic mosquito-borne flaviviruses: worldwide presence of agents with proven pathogenicity and potential candidates of future emerging diseases

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Weissenböck, H.; Hubálek, Zdeněk; Bakonyi, T.; Nowotny, N.

2010-01-01

Roč. 140, 3-4 (2010), s. 271-280 ISSN 0378-1135 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : Flaviviridae * mosquitoes * Culicidae * zoonoses * arboviruses Subject RIV: FN - Epidemiology, Contagious Diseases ; Clinical Immunology Impact factor: 3.256, year: 2010

The use of immunoenzymatic method for detection of antibodies against zoonotic diseases in Czech soldiers returning from Afghanistan

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Straková, Petra; Rudolf, Ivo; Pavlis, O.; Hubálek, Zdeněk

2014-01-01

Roč. 83, č. 2 (2014), s. 67-72 ISSN 0372-7025 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 261504 - EDENEXT Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : ELISA method * zoonoses * soldiers * Afghanistan Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology http://www.mmsl.cz/archive/dl/266

Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Epidemiological studies in China

NARCIS (Netherlands)

W.-C. Cao (Wu-Chun)

2010-01-01

textabstractRickettsial diseases are vector-borne zoonoses caused by obligate intracellular bacteria within the order Rickettsiales, which was previously described as short, Gram-negative rod bacteria that retained basic fuchsin when stained by the method of Gimenez. As development in molecular

People Can Catch Diseases from Their Pets

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2013-01-23

Dr. Carol Rubin, Associate Director for Zoonoses and One Health at CDC, discusses zoonotic diseases in pets.  Created: 1/23/2013 by National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID).   Date Released: 1/28/2013.

“Los niños no tienen ni idea”: La forma en que los estudios de caso pueden contribuir a la formación de hábitos de pensamiento democráticos (“The children don’t have any idea”: How case studies of controversy can help build democratic habits of mind

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Misco

2009-06-01

Full Text Available ResumenEste artículo explora los caminos que hay que seguir y los desafíos que hay que enfrentar para fortalecer la educación cívica en las democracias emergentes. En primer lugar, se presenta la idea de emplear temas polémicos como una manera de lograr este objetivo, en especial cuando tales temas se trabajan en conjunto con el pensamiento reflexivo. Luego, apoyados en tres estudios recientes, se entrelazan las características culturales y contextuales de las experiencias escolares y se presenta una tipología emergente dirigida a investigadores y a encargados de formular políticas en distintos contextos para que exploren la forma de tratar de manera consciente y deliberada temas polémicos en entornos especiales.AbstractThis article explores the pathways and challenges to strengthening civic education in nascent democracies.I first provide a rationale for employing controversial issues as a way of achieving this end, especially when used in conjunction with reflective thinking. Then, by drawing on three recent studies, I cinch together the cross-cultural contextual features of school experiences and provide an emergent typology for researchers and policy-makers in other contexts as they work to explore conscious and deliberate treatment of controversial issues in unique settings.ResumoEste artigo explora os caminhos que devem ser seguidos e os desafios que há que enfrentar para fortalecer a educação cívica nas democracias emergentes. Em primeiro lugar, apresenta-se a idéia de empregar temas polêmicos como uma maneira de atingir este objetivo, especialmente quando tais temas trabalham-se em conjunto com o pensamento reflexivo. Depois, apoiados em três estudos recentes, entrelaçam-se as características culturais e contextuais das experiências escolares e apresenta-se una tipologia emergente dirigida a pesquisadores e a encarregados de formular políticas em distintos contextos para que explorem a forma de tratar de maneira

A CRISE ESTRUTURAL DOS JORNAIS Uma exploração comparativa sobre a situação nos EUA e no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alves Müller

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Os jornais dos principais países desenvolvidos vivem uma crise frequentemente atribuída ao desenvolvimento das mídias digitais. Essa situação parece não se reproduzir nas maiores economias emergentes. O presente trabalho sustenta que, embora o surgimento e avanço dessas mídias tenham efetivamente afetado negativamente o desempenho das empresas jornalísticas, a crise em questão é estrutural e suas origens antecedem o surgimento das mídias digitais. A hipótese de que a situação dos países emergentes seja estruturalmente diversa é testada e, acredita-se, refutada por meio de uma analise comparativa da evolução recente do negócio jornal nos EUA e no Brasil.

Attributing the human disease burden of foodborne infections to specific sources.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pires, S.M.; Evers, E.G.; van Pelt, W.; Ayers, T.; Scallan, E.; Angulo, F.J.; Havelaar, A.H.; Hald, T.

2009-01-01

Foodborne diseases are an important cause of human illness worldwide. Humans acquire these infections from a variety of sources and routes of transmission. Many efforts have been made in the last decades to prevent and control foodborne diseases, particularly foodborne zoonoses. However, information

Influenza Virus Serology at the Human-Animal Interface : From black and white to shades of grey

NARCIS (Netherlands)

G.S. Freidl (Gudrun)

2016-01-01

markdownabstractZoonoses, i.e. diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans, have received increasing scientific and public attention in recent years. A comprehensive literature review identified 60% of human pathogens as zoonotic, of which 12% constitute so-called ‘emerging infectious

The presence of Echinococcus multilocularis in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Giessen JWB; Rombout Y; Limper L; van der Veen; Moolenbeek C; Franchimont H; Homan W; MGB

1998-01-01

Er zijn onderzoekingen gedaan naar het voorkomen van Echinococcus multilocularis bij vossen in Nederland van 1996 tot 1998. Deze parasiet is de oorzaak van alveolaire echinococcose, een ernstige parasitaire zoonose. Hiervoor zijn eerst 272 vossen onderzocht in het grensgebied met Duitsland en

Brucella melitensis Biovar 1 and Brucella abortus S19 Vaccine Strain Infections in Milkers Working at Cattle Farms in the Khartoum Area, Sudan

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Osman, Amira E. F.; Hassan, Abdullahi N.; Ali, Ali E.; Abdoel, Theresia H.; Smits, Henk L.

2015-01-01

Human brucellosis is a preventable zoonoses that may become persistent, causing, if left untreated, severe localized disease. Occupational exposure to infected animals or animal products and consumption of fresh contaminated dairy are main risk factors. One hundred farmworkers employed at two cattle

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 151 - 200 of 498 ... Vol 29, No 3 (2008), Emerging zoonoses: the public health role of ... of peste des petits ruminant and Rinderpest virus infection of camels in Borno and ... Vol 37, No 4 (2016), Fatal obstructive asphyxiation due to rumen ...

All projects related to | Page 341 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2012-03-30

The emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases affecting Brazil today result from complex interactions between natural and human systems. Start Date: March 30, 2012. End Date: May 30, 2015. Topic: MEDICAL RESEARCH, DISEASE TRANSMISSION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, ZOONOSES. Region: Brazil, South America, North ...

Attributing the Human Disease Burden of Foodborne Infections to Specific Sources

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pires, Sara Monteiro; Evers, Eric E.; Van Pely, Wilfrid

2009-01-01

Foodborne diseases are an important cause of human illness worldwide. Humans acquire these infections from a variety of sources and routes of transmission. Many efforts have been made in the last decades to prevent and control foodborne diseases, particularly foodborne zoonoses. However...

A one health framework for estimating the economic costs of zoonotic diseases on society.

Science.gov (United States)

Narrod, Clare; Zinsstag, Jakob; Tiongco, Marites

2012-06-01

This article presents an integrated epidemiological and economic framework for assessing zoonoses using a "one health" concept. The framework allows for an understanding of the cross-sector economic impact of zoonoses using modified risk analysis and detailing a range of analytical tools. The goal of the framework is to link the analysis outputs of animal and human disease transmission models, economic impact models and evaluation of risk management options to gain improved understanding of factors affecting the adoption of risk management strategies so that investment planning includes the most promising interventions (or sets of interventions) in an integrated fashion. A more complete understanding of the costs of the disease and the costs and benefits of control measures would promote broader implementation of the most efficient and effective control measures, contributing to improved animal and human health, better livelihood outcomes for the poor and macroeconomic growth.

Tolerância inicial de plantas de pinhão-manso a herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência Initial tolerance of physic nut plants to pre and post-emergence herbicide application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E.A.L. Erasmo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a tolerância inicial de plantas de pinhão-manso a herbicidas pré e pós-emergentes, aplicados isolados e em misturas. Foram realizados dois experimentos em condições de campo, sendo um com herbicidas pré-emergentes e outro com herbicidas pós-emergentes. Os tratamentos com os herbicidas pré-emergentes utilizados foram: atrazine (3.000 g ha-1, diuron (2.000 g ha-1, oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1, trifluralin (890 g ha-1, pendimethalin (1.250 g ha-1, isoxaflutole (93,8 g ha-1, S-metolachlor (1.920 g ha-1, atrazine+S-metolachlor (1.500+960 g ha-1, isoxaflutole+diuron (46,9+1.000 g ha-1, trifluralin+diuron (450+1.000 g ha-1, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. Os tratamentos com os herbicidas pós-emergentes foram: haloxyfop-methyl (60 g ha-1, nicosulfuron (60 g ha-1, sethoxydim (368 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl (250 g ha-1, fomesafen (125 g ha-1, fomesafen (250 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (250+250 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (200+250 g ha ¹, clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (50+50 g ha-1, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação e outra capinada. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento com herbicidas pré-emergentes verificou-se que plantas de pinhão-manso foram tolerantes ao diuron, trifluralin, pendimethalin, isoxaflutole, S-metolachlor e às misturas isoxaflutole+diuron e trifluralin+diuron. Com relação ao experimento com herbicidas pós-emergentes, destacaram-se o haloxyfop-methyl, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1 e a mistura clethodim+fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.This study aimed to evaluate the initial tolerance of physic nut plants to pre and post-emergence herbicides, applied alone and in mixtures. Thus, two experiments were conducted under field conditions, one with pre-emergence herbicides and the other with post-emergence herbicides. The treatments using the pre

Eficiência de herbicidas pré-emergentes após períodos de seca Efficiency of pre-emergence herbicides after different periods of drought

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P.A. Monquero

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar a eficácia de herbicidas pré-emergentes após períodos de seca, em dois tipos de solo. Foram realizados dois ensaios simultâneos em casa de vegetação: no primeiro foram aplicados os herbicidas (trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 351 + 99 g ha-1 + (diuron + hexazinone - 1.097 + 27,77 g ha-1, trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 1.463 + 37 g ha-1, diuron + hexazinone - 1.170 + 330 g ha-1, imazapyr - 200 g ha-1 e imazapic - 122,5 g ha-1, em vasos com amostras de Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (textura argilosa; e, no segundo, as doses foram ajustadas em função dos teores de matéria orgânica e argila do solo e aplicadas em vasos com amostras de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (textura média. Em cada ensaio, foram utilizados Cucumis sativus e Sorghum bicolor como espécies bioindicadoras e seis períodos de seca após as aplicações dos herbicidas (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 e 90 dias, com quatro repetições. Os sintomas de intoxicação foram observados aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após semeadura dos bioindicadores. Os herbicidas apresentaram maior estabilidade, ou seja, maior efeito tóxico sobre os bioindicadores ao longo do tempo, no solo com maior teor de argila e matéria orgânica; o isoxaflutole e as misturas (trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn + (diuron + hexazinone e diuron + hexazinone demonstraram maior efeito residual em ambos os solos, afetando o desenvolvimento dos bioindicadores em 100%.This work aimed to study the effectiveness of pre-emerging herbicides after drought periods in two soil types. Two simultaneous experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions: in the first, the herbicides (trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 351 + 99 g ha-1 + (diuron + hexazinone - 1097 + 27,77 g ha-1, trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 1463 + 37 g ha-1, diuron + hexazinone - 1170 + 330 g ha-1, imazapyr 200 g ha-1 and imazapic - 122,5 g ha-1 were applied in vases containing samples of Dystroferric Red

3. EI Ani Critique of Nkrumah's Philosophical Materialism pp1-30

African Journals Online (AJOL)

REGINALDS

pillars of Nkrumah's theory of emergentism (which he calls “philosophical materialism”), namely ... conversion, dialectical change, self motion of matter .... be verified, because the verification has to be carried out by someone who is outside the.

Patrón evolutivo de la incidencia de cáncer de tiroides en la Región de Murcia de 1984 a 2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Dolores Chirlaque

2014-09-01

Conclusiones: El cáncer de tiroides, de ser un tumor raro se ha convertido en un tumor emergente. El papilar muestra los mayores cambios per se y por incluir paulatinamente un mayor porcentaje de microcarcinoma.

Diseño de un Modelo de Estimación de Retornos Ajustados por Riesgo para Actividades de Valoración en Mercados Emergentes (Design of a risk-adjusted rate of return model for the evaluation of projects and companies in Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manrique Hernández Ramírez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo explica un modelo ajustado para un mercado emergente que, a partir de la versión original del Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM, permite la estimación de rendimientos esperados sobre los recursos propios (KE para apoyar el cálculo del costo promedio ponderado de capital dentro de los procesos habituales de valoración de activos riesgosos, como es el caso del análisis de proyectos o empresas, situados en esos mercados. Para ello se toma como ejemplo de aplicación el caso costarricense. Sobre la base de la investigación realizada se logra crear un modelo dinámico y ajustado diseñado en hojas de cálculo, que permite la estimación de retornos exigidos por los socios a la realidad del mercado analizado, para gran cantidad de industrias y sujeto de sensibilización por parte de los usuarios finales de la herramienta teórico práctica.   ABSTRACT This article presents an adjusted model for an emerging market, based on the original Capital Asset Pricing Model, that estimates the expected yield of own resources of supporting the calculation of capital weighted average cost, in the usual risky assets valuation processes, as is the case of the analysis of projects or companies on such a market, and applying it to a Costa Rican case. Based on the investigation, a dynamic custom model based in worksheets is created for several industries, that allow the estimate of the required returns by investing partners for the market under study, and is capable of sensitivity modification by its final users.

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal Homepage Image. The Journal publishes original research articles related to veterinary sciences, including livestock health and production, diseases of wild life and fish, preventive veterinary medicine and zoonoses among others. Case reports, review articles and editorials are also accepted. Other sites related to ...

A configuração da organização e sua relação com o planejamento estratégico formal e emergente Organization's configuration and its relationship with formal and emergent strategic planning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Bulgacov

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O propósito deste artigo é compreender as relações entre a configuração organizacional e as práticas de planejamento estratégico. A pesquisa, qualitativa com característica exploratória, aborda comparativamente dois estudos de caso de empresas que têm obtido sucesso acima da média em relação a seus concorrentes. Os procedimentos metodológicos se apoiam na análise de conteúdo em profundidade de entrevistas, observação e dados secundários. A triangulação dos dados sugere que ambas as empresas apresentam práticas de planejamento fortemente relacionadas às características contrastantes dos elementos da configuração organizacional. Características de planejamento emergente são identificadas na rede de lojas de material de construção (MC. Características de planejamento formal são identificadas na empresa de tecnologia (ET. Como base para estudos futuros, a pesquisa sugere que a configuração organizacional condiciona o processo de planejamento de modo recursivo.The aim of this paper is to understand the relationships between organizational configuration and the strategic planning practices. The research, qualitative with an exploratory nature, approaches in a comparative manner two case studies of companies which achieved success above average when compared to their competitors. The methodological procedures are based on in-depth content analysis of interviews, observation, and secondary data. Data triangulation suggests that both companies present planning practices strongly related to the contrasting characteristics of the organizational configuration elements. Emergent planning characteristics are identified in the building material stores network (MC. Formal planning characteristics are identified in the technology company (HT. As a basis for further studies, the research suggests that organizational configuration conditions the planning process in a recursive manner.

A new species of Stellaria (Caryophyllaceae) from the Nepal Himalaya

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Majumdar, N.C.

1968-01-01

Herba perennis, gracilis, caule repente valde furcato. Rami erecti vel suberecti, quadrangulares, e gemmis axillaribus emergentes, straminei, squamosi, simpliccs et infra glabrescentes, corymbose furcati et glandulari-pubescentes, sursum altitudine 10—20 cm attingentes. Folia simplicia, exstipulata,

Actuaciones emergentes y urgentes del personal sanitario

OpenAIRE

Parellada Blanco, Jaime; Frías Méndez, Eloy; Elejalde Abreu, Clipton; Pupo Rivero, Alfredo

2008-01-01

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de servir como guía al personal sanitario de nuestras unidades para que puedan brindar acciones e intervenciones terapéuticas con una competencia y desempeño adecuadas durante la ejecución de las medidas del apoyo vital básico y del socorrismo. Ha sido diseñado también como material de apoyo docente para el adiestramiento del personal de aseguramiento de las instituciones médicas con vistas a elevar su competencia en la ejecución de las maniobras de apoyo vital ...

Hacia un urbanismo emergente: La ciudad viva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reyes Gallegos Rodríguez

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo muestra algunos resultados de mi tesis doctoral, cuya fuente documental es la contenida en el Proyecto La ciudad viva (LCV, iniciado en 2008 por la Junta de Andalucía con el propósito de revisar las disfunciones de la ciudad contemporánea y aportar soluciones, logrando ser el canal de reflexión y participación más utilizado en nuestro país y en el ámbito urbanístico durante años. La hipótesis defiende que las múltiples voces y perspectivas contenidas en LCV, descubren nuevas lógicas urbanas que necesitamos explorar si queremos un futuro diferente. Para lo cual, y tras analizar y relacionar los contenidos (generados en la última década por corresponsales repartidos por el todo el mundo, se identifican una serie de ZONAS que, mediante una serie de RELATOS literarios, hacen referencia a sus numerosas fuentes multidisciplinares, y son: Zona 1. Generación rotonda. La crisis de la habitabilidad contemporánea. Zona 2. Flânerie es femenino. Caminar por la ciudad con perspectiva de género. Zona 3. Periferias. La intervención pública en los barrios europeos de vivienda social. Zona 4. Derecho a techo. Alternativas habitacionales. Los relatos, que observan y analizan “la ciudad heredada”, terminan en “itinerarios hacia un urbanismo emergente” que localizan propuestas con nuevos instrumentos para “la ciudad por hacer”.   Abstract: This article shows some results of my doctoral thesis. The documentary source is included in the "The living city" Project (TLC, started in 2008 by the Andalusian Government to revise the dysfunctions of the contemporary city and provide solutions. It became the most used rethinking and participation channel in our country and in the urban environment for years. The hypothesis advocates that the multiple voices and perspectives included in TLC discover new urban logics that we need to explore if we desire a different future. To achieve that goal and after analyzing and linking the contents (many articles and posts generated during the last decade by different people from all over the world, several AREAS are being identified and, through several literary STORIES, they refer to many multidisciplinar sources. These areas are:  Area 1. Roundabout generation, the crisis of contemporary habitability. Area 2. Flânerie is feminine, a pedestrian city with a gender perspective. Area 3. Peripheries, the public intervention in European social housing neighborhoods. Area 4. Right to housing; housing alternatives. Stories, that observe and analyze "the inherited city", end up in “itineraries "towards an emerging urban planning", that locate through diagrams and proposals, new tools and applications for "the to be done city".

Enfermedades emergentes no infecciosas Emerging noninfectious diseases

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Ezequiel Consiglio

2008-11-01

Full Text Available In recent years, emerging diseases were defined as being infectious, acquiring high incidence, often suddenly, or being a threat or an unexpected phenomenon. This study discusses the hallmarks of emerging diseases, describing the existence of noninfectious emerging diseases, and elaborating on the advantages of defining noninfectious diseases as emerging ones. From the discussion of various mental health disorders, nutritional deficiencies, external injuries and violence outcomes, work injuries and occupational health, and diseases due to environmental factors, the conclusion is drawn that a wide variety of noninfectious diseases can be defined as emergent. Noninfectious emerging diseases need to be identified in order to improve their control and management. A new definition of "emergent disease" is proposed, one that emphasizes the pathways of emergence and conceptual traits, rather than descriptive features.

Caracteristicile sectorului antreprenorial din sistemele teritoriale emergente

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Andrei Schvab

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Economic ventures concentrated inside these urban clusters in a short span of time, and they registered a spectacular evolution, compared to the neighboring areas. Intensification of the linkages between cities with more than 300,000 inhabitants in Romania and the surrounding areas led to the individualization of territorial systems apart, with a spectacular evolution of economic-social processes, which turn those systems into the most dynamic territorial structures. The present study means to identify the causes of those complex processes within emerging territorial systems, the manner of functional organization of the space, and the causes that determine the spectacular evolution of the economic processes within emerging systems. Special attention was paid to the implementation of infrastructure projects, and to the manner they influenced the dynamics of the entrepreneurial sector.

INVESTIŢIILE FINANCIARE ÎN ECONOMIILE EMERGENTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ştefana Dima (Cristea

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Financial Investments in Emerging MarketsThe objective of the present paper is to provide a synopsis of the recent evolutions in theforeign investments in emerging economies. Several institutional and functionaldeterminants of foreign capital and direct investments are highlighted and somecomparative advantages and risks associated with these investments are analyzed. The mainoutcome of the study consists in the thesis according to which the emerging economiesneed to improve their overall economic and social performances in order to atract and tobenefit from more stable inflows of foreign capital.

Dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites and their association with public health in Iran

OpenAIRE

Kohansal Mohammad Hasan; Fazaeli Asghar; Nourian Abbasali; Haniloo Ali; Kamali Koorosh

2017-01-01

Introduction: Dogs harbour zoonotic parasites that cause serious infections in humans, such as visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cystic echinococcosis, and alveolar echinococcosis. Studies on dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical locations are required to increase knowledge of the risk of canine zoonoses in human populations.

Zooeyia: An essential component of “One Health”

OpenAIRE

Hodgson, Kate; Darling, Marcia

2011-01-01

One Health is dedicated to improving the health of all species through the integration of human and veterinary medicine. To date, initiatives have primarily focussed on controlling zoonoses. This paper discusses zooeyia, the positive benefits to human health from interacting with animals, focussing on the companion animal.

Disease: H01058 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available D:19559535 (description, env_factor) ... AUTHORS ... Dorny P, Praet N, Deckers N, Gabriel S ... TITLE ... Emerging food...E ... Sushi delights and parasites: the risk of fishborne and foodborne parasitic zoonoses in Asia. ... JOURNAL ... Clin Infect Dis 41:1297-303 (2005) DOI:10.1086/496920

Concurrent Infection of Hydatidosis and Fasciolosis in Cattle ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

dental ingestion of parasite eggs/larvae passed into the environment with fae- ces from definitive ... age 8,206 cattle are slaughtered annually for meat consumption. Slaughtered animals ..... on Livestock, Poultry and Beehives Populations. CSA, Addis ... Parasitic Zoonoses, 2nd ed., London, Academic Press, NC. pp. 402.

Can you catch Ebola from a stork bite? Inductive reasoning influences generalization of perceived zoonosis risk.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tyler Davis

Full Text Available Emerging zoonoses are a prominent global health threat. Human beliefs are central to drivers of emerging zoonoses, yet little is known about how people make inferences about risk in such scenarios. We present an inductive account of zoonosis risk perception, suggesting that beliefs about the range of animals able to transmit diseases to each other influence how people generalize risks to other animals and health behaviors. Consistent with our account, in Study 1, we find that participants who endorse higher likelihoods of cross-species disease transmission have stronger intentions to report animal bites. In Study 2, using real-world descriptions of Ebola virus from the WHO and CDC, we find that communications conveying a broader range of animals as susceptible to the virus increase intentions to report animal bites and decrease perceived safety of wild game meat. These results suggest that inductive reasoning principles may be harnessed to modulate zoonosis risk perception and combat emerging infectious diseases.

Can you catch Ebola from a stork bite? Inductive reasoning influences generalization of perceived zoonosis risk

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Tyler

2017-01-01

Emerging zoonoses are a prominent global health threat. Human beliefs are central to drivers of emerging zoonoses, yet little is known about how people make inferences about risk in such scenarios. We present an inductive account of zoonosis risk perception, suggesting that beliefs about the range of animals able to transmit diseases to each other influence how people generalize risks to other animals and health behaviors. Consistent with our account, in Study 1, we find that participants who endorse higher likelihoods of cross-species disease transmission have stronger intentions to report animal bites. In Study 2, using real-world descriptions of Ebola virus from the WHO and CDC, we find that communications conveying a broader range of animals as susceptible to the virus increase intentions to report animal bites and decrease perceived safety of wild game meat. These results suggest that inductive reasoning principles may be harnessed to modulate zoonosis risk perception and combat emerging infectious diseases. PMID:29117192

Can you catch Ebola from a stork bite? Inductive reasoning influences generalization of perceived zoonosis risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Tyler; Goldwater, Micah B; Ireland, Molly E; Gaylord, Nicholas; Van Allen, Jason

2017-01-01

Emerging zoonoses are a prominent global health threat. Human beliefs are central to drivers of emerging zoonoses, yet little is known about how people make inferences about risk in such scenarios. We present an inductive account of zoonosis risk perception, suggesting that beliefs about the range of animals able to transmit diseases to each other influence how people generalize risks to other animals and health behaviors. Consistent with our account, in Study 1, we find that participants who endorse higher likelihoods of cross-species disease transmission have stronger intentions to report animal bites. In Study 2, using real-world descriptions of Ebola virus from the WHO and CDC, we find that communications conveying a broader range of animals as susceptible to the virus increase intentions to report animal bites and decrease perceived safety of wild game meat. These results suggest that inductive reasoning principles may be harnessed to modulate zoonosis risk perception and combat emerging infectious diseases.

B&C +Emerging Music+ Management+

OpenAIRE

Díaz Velásquez, Leonardo Alfredo; Hernández Capdevilla, María Cristina; Torres Jiménez, Natalia Estefanía

2013-01-01

B&C tiene como idea de negocio representar a músicos emergentes ofreciendo un servicio de asesoría y acompañamiento integral para la construcción de un producto musical altamente competitivo en el mercado global.

O Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo Emergente de Médicos em Relação a Cuidados Paliativos/ The Collective Subject Discourse Emerging Physicians Regarding palliative Care

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katrine de Freitas Valeriano

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: conhecer os significados e os sentimentos emergentes dos médicos em relação aos cuidados paliativos, bem como identificar a atuação desses profissionais frente aos pacientes com necessidades de cuidados paliativos numa instituição hospitalar da cidade de Pouso Alegre-MG. Materiais e métodos: o presente trabalho foi de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório e transversal. A amostra foi de 25 médicos atuantes no Hospital Universitário Samuel Libânio, Pouso Alegre, MG. A amostragem foi do tipo intencional ou teórica. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e usaram-se as estratégias metodológicas do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC para a análise e tratamento dos dados. Resultados e discussão: do tema “significado de cuidados paliativos”, emergiram-se as ideias de cuidados diversificados, aliviar a dor e o sofrimento e proporcionar conforto. Do tema “sentimento ao prestar assistência”, as representações sociais dos médicos foram diversos sentimentos negativos, diversos sentimentos positivos e sentimentos ambivalentes. Sobre o “atendimento aos pacientes”, os médicos mencionaram as ideias de oferecer conforto e qualidade de vida, atendendo o paciente normalmente e dando atenção. Conclusão: A atuação profissional dos médicos abordados, em paliação, visa a oferecer conforto e qualidade de vida, mas se verifica que há uma diversidade de significados e sentimentos em relação aos cuidados paliativos na percepção destes profissionais. Objectives: To know the meanings and feelings emerging of physicians in relation to palliative care, and to identify the role of these professionals against patients in need of palliative care in a hospital in the city of Pouso Alegre-MG. Materials and methods: This study was a qualitative, exploratory and cross. The sample consisted of 25 doctors working at the University Hospital Samuel Libânio, Pouso Alegre, MG. Sampling was the

Ecohealth English public prospectus

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

TEST

utilizada para mejorar la salud tanto humana como de los ecosistemas. ... en salud humana y ecosistemas, identificando y buscando nuevas áreas de importancia con el .... salud. Este campo emergente de investigación, educación y acción.

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

Creation is not something which occurs on a certain day, not even something that might be .... A strange, splendid diversity. ... *As Gell-Mann has described it, the doctrine of emergentism is that 'we do not need something else in order to.

Assessment of the potential risk of infection associated with Clostridium difficile from porcine xenografts

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bakri, M.M.; Sutherland, A.D.; Brown, D.J.; Veselý, Pavel; Crossan, C.; Scobie, L.

2009-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 6 (2009), s. 472-476 ISSN 0908-665X Grant - others:EC(XE) LSHB-CT-2006-037377 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50520514 Keywords : C. difficile * hospital acquired infection * xenotransplant * zoonoses Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 2.711, year: 2009

: tous les projets | Page 626 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: BIRDS, ZOONOSES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Région: Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Cambodia, China, Viet Nam, Thailand. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 750,000.00. Grippe aviaire chez les oiseaux migrateurs : réseau régional de surveillance et de suivi.

All projects related to | Page 670 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2007-07-31

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 produces severe disease and high mortality in domestic poultry, waterfowl and other bird species. Start Date: July 31, 2007. End Date: February 1, 2010. Topic: BIRDS, ZOONOSES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Region: Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, ...

All projects related to | Page 568 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2007-07-23

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 produces severe disease and high mortality in domestic poultry, waterfowl and other bird species. Start Date: July 23, 2007. End Date: October 14, 2010. Topic: ZOONOSES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, VACCINATION, BIRDS, HEALTH POLICY. Region: Far East Asia, ...

Emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the "one pathogen-one disease" vision to the pathobiome paradigm

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vayssier-Taussat, M.; Kazimírová, M.; Hubálek, Zdeněk; Hornok, S.; Farkas, R.; Cosson, J.-F.; Bonnet, S.; Vourch, G.; Gasqui, P.; Mihalca, A. D.; Plantard, O.; Silaghi, C.; Cutler, S.; Rizzoli, A.

2015-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 12 (2015), s. 2033-2043 ISSN 1746-0913 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : co-infections * emerging diseases * Ixodes ricinus * new paradigm * next-generation sequencing * pathobiome * unknown pathogens * vector competence * zoonoses Subject RIV: FN - Epidemiology, Contagious Diseases ; Clinical Immunology Impact factor: 3.637, year: 2015

All projects related to | Page 65 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Region: Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Cambodia, China, Laos, Viet Nam, Thailand. Program: Food, Environment, and Health. Total Funding: CA$ 399,700.00. Control and Elimination of Helminth Zoonoses in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Project. This project will contribute evidence to help control and eliminate ...

All projects related to | Page 555 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2007-05-03

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 produces severe disease and high mortality in domestic poultry, waterfowl and other bird species. Start Date: May 3, 2007. End Date: April 8, 2011. Topic: BIRDS, ZOONOSES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Region: China, Far East Asia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, ...

Epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses in Nigeria | Adesiji | Nigerian ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper dicusses the epidemiology and epizootiology of bacterial zoonotic diseases in Nigeria. Six diseases are discussed including anthrax, brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, campylobacteriosis leptospirosis, salmonellosis and tetanus. All axcept anthrax are enzootic and endemic in the country, and have been ...

Zoonoses from cats: with special reference to Egypt.

Science.gov (United States)

Sabry, Abdel-Hameed A; Fouad, Mahmoud A H; Morsy, Ayman T A

2013-08-01

A zoonosis is an animal disease that is transmissible to humans. Humans are usually an accidental host that acquires disease through close contact with an infected animal, who may or may not be symptomatic. Children are at highest risk for infection because they are more likely to have close contact with pets. Cats are responsible for transmission of an extensive array of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic zoonotic pathogens. The route of transmission can be through the saliva (e.g., bites or contaminated scratches), feces, respiratory secretions, direct contact, or by the cat acting as a vehicle and source of tick or flea exposure. Although cats have been implicated in transmission of zoonosis to their owners, risk of transmission from contact with cats is low and may be further reduced by simple precautions. There is a need for education on zoonotic disease prevention practices for pet-owning households with individuals at higher risk of infection, and to educate future veterinarians during their early years in veterinary school about the risks associated with their future jobs. Also, zoonotic disease awareness training is a valuable service to animal shelter workers.

Probabilistic inversion in priority setting of emerging zoonoses.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kurowicka, D.; Bucura, C.; Cooke, R.; Havelaar, A.H.

2010-01-01

This article presents methodology of applying probabilistic inversion in combination with expert judgment in priority setting problem. Experts rank scenarios according to severity. A linear multi-criteria analysis model underlying the expert preferences is posited. Using probabilistic inversion, a

Zoonoses, epidemics and the concept “one health”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José A. Oteo

2017-05-01

Full Text Available It is not easy to write an editorial and provide useful knowledge on such varied topics of vector-borne diseases (BVD as infections of Zika, dengue, chikungunya, hantavirus, arenavirus; Tick-borne infections such as anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis and erlichiosis, as well as parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. In the literature about it, there are rivers of ink written, and putting order in one or two pages would be very bold. Nevertheless, it is worth highlighting the emergent and re-emerging character in which the BVDs are also framed and how the phenomena associated with globalization collaborate in its expansion and resurgence.

Identificación y cuantificación de contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales por microextracción en fase sólida-cromatografía de gases espectrometría de masas (MEFS-CG-EM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Araceli Peña-Álvarez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se desarrolló y optimizó un método por Microextracción en Fase Sólida seguido de Cromatografía de Gases- Espectrometría de Masas (MEFS-CG-EM para la determinación de ibuprofeno, naproxeno, clorofeno, triclosán y bisfenol A catalogados dentro de los contaminantes emergentes o productos farmacéuticos de cuidado personal (PPCP's, por sus siglas en inglés en aguas residuales. La extracción de los analitos se realizó por MEFS utilizando una fibra de polietilenglicol (PEG, agitación a 1,200 rpm y 30 min de extracción a temperatura ambiente, 50% NaCl y pH=3, seguida de la derivatización en fibra con N-metil-N-t-butildimetilsililtrifluoroacetamida (MTBSTFA. La identificación de cada compuesto se realizó por la comparación del tiempo de retención y de su espectro de masas con los de su correspondiente estándar derivatizado. La cuantificación se efectuó por monitoreo selectivo de iones (SIM. El método desarrollado presentó aceptable linealidad en el intervalo de concentración de 1.0-118.90 pg/mL para el ibuprofeno, 48.0-1488 pg/mL para el naproxeno, 4.40-140.8 pg/mL para el triclosán, 1.0-58.32 pg/mL para el clorofeno y 1.0-59.16 pg/mL para el bisfenol A, con coeficientes de correlación (r mayores a 0.99. Se analizaron muestras de influentes y efluentes de tres plantas de tratamiento de agua residual del sur de la ciudad: Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán y Cerro de la Estrella, pertenecientes al Sistema de Aguas de la Zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Se demostró en este trabajo que la MEFS es una técnica de preparación de muestra simple, reproducible, sensible y rápida, ya que reduce etapas al extraer y concentrar simultáneamente, sin el uso de disolventes orgánicos, de fácil manejo y con un montaje experimental sencillo.

Discongruence of Mhc and cytochrome b phylogeographical patterns in Myodes glareolus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Malé, P.-J, G.; Martin, J.-F.; Galan, M.; Deffontaine, V.; Bryja, Josef; Cosson, J.-F.; Michaux, J.; Charbonnel, N.

2012-01-01

Roč. 105, č. 4 (2012), s. 881-899 ISSN 0024-4066 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 10284 - EDEN Source of funding: R - rámcový projekt EK Keywords : balancing selection * bank voles * diversity * immunogenetics * molecular epidemiology * Puumala hantavirus * zoonoses Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 2.413, year: 2012

1871-IJBCS-Article-Kougoum Piebeng

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

prélèvements sanguins. Leurs microorganismes restent également inconnus. Le but de notre travail était de rechercher les parasites sanguins des tisserins ..... Blood parasites of birds in Cameroun. J. Parasitol., 74: 1009-1013. Murphy FA. 1998. Emerging zoonoses. Emerg Infec Dis., 4: 429-435. OMS (Organisation ...

Sequence variation in TgROP7 gene among Toxoplasma gondii ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Yomi

2012-03-27

Mar 27, 2012 ... Toxoplasma gondii can infect a wide range of hosts including mammals and birds, causing toxoplasmosis which is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses worldwide. The present study examined sequence variation in rhoptry 7 (ROP7) gene among different T. gondii isolates from different hosts and ...

Hepatitis E virus: a review

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vašíčková, P.; Pšikal, I.; Králík, P.; Widen, F.; Hubálek, Zdeněk; Pavlík, I.

2007-01-01

Roč. 52, č. 9 (2007), s. 365-384 ISSN 0375-8427 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : risk assessment * food safety * foodborne viral outbreaks * zoonoses * pigs Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 0.645, year: 2007 http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/52-9-365.pdf

Prevalence of Brucella Antibodies in Migratory Fulani Cattle Herds ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Brucellosis is a major cause of economic losses such as abortion, infertility, low conception rate and low survival rate of neonates in the livestock industry and zoonoses of great public health significance. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies in migratory Fulani cattle in Kaduna State was determined using the Milk Ring ...

The dialog between psychoanalysis and neuroscience: what does philosophy of mind say?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elie Cheniaux

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objective: To briefly review how the main monist and dualist currents of philosophy of mind approach the mind-body problem and to describe their association with arguments for and against a closer dialog between psychoanalysis and neuroscience.Methods: The literature was reviewed for studies in the fields of psychology, psychoanalysis, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind.Results: Some currents are incompatible with a closer dialog between psychoanalysis and neurosciences: interactionism and psychophysical parallelism, because they do not account for current knowledge about the brain; epiphenomenalism, which claims that the mind is a mere byproduct of the brain; and analytical behaviorism, eliminative materialism, reductive materialism and functionalism, because they ignore subjective experiences. In contrast, emergentism claims that mental states are dependent on brain states, but have properties that go beyond the field of neurobiology.Conclusions: Only emergentism is compatible with a closer dialog between psychoanalysis and neuroscience.

Relaciones de equivalencia con estímulos compuestos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aldo Hernández, Sonia Céspedes, Leonardo Prieto

2007-03-01

Full Text Available El propósito de la presente investigación fue identificar las relaciones emergentes de entrenamientos entre estímulos muestra simples con estímulos de comparación compuestos. El estudio realizado corresponde a una investigación de tipo intrasujeto. Se contó con diez estudiantes universitarios, seis hombres y cuatro mujeres, con edades entre los 17 y 22 años de edad fueron escogidos por conveniencia y recibieron entrenamiento en discriminación condicional a través de tareas de igualación a la muestra arbitraria de tres elecciones por medio de un aplicativo en Visual Basic. En el primer y segundo bloque de entrenamiento se establecieron las relaciones condicionales entre estímulos muestra simples y estÌmulos de comparación compuestos (ej., A1-B1B1; A2-B2B2; A3-C3C3 y B1-C1C1; B2-C2C2; B3-C3C3 y se conformaron tres clases equivalentes de tres miembros cada una (ej., A1A1-B1B1-C1C1, asÌ como relaciones equivalencia-equivalencia (ej. A1A2- B1B2-C1C2. Cuatro de los diez participantes mostraron relaciones emergentes de simetrÌa, transitividad y equivalencia junto con relaciones equivalencia-equivalencia. Estos hallazgos indican que los entrenamientos entre estímulos simples y compuestos o viceversa producen relaciones emergentes propias de la equivalencia de estímulos.

Serologic survey of hantavirus in a rural population from the northern State of Mato Grosso, Brazil Pesquisa sorológica para hantavírus em uma população rural do norte do Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ioni Oliveira Santos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus is a genus of ribonucleic acid (RNA viruses included in the family Bunyaviridae. Hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonoses that, in the last 18 years, became an emergent public health problem in the Americas, causing a severe cardiopulmonary syndrome. This disease has no specific treatment and has a high case fatality. The transmission of hantavirus to man occurs by inhaling aerosols of rodent excreta. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hantavirus in the population of the rural settlement of Tupã in the county of Marcelândia, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: The participants of the serologic survey were visited at their homes and selected randomly among the settlement population. Blood samples of the participants were collected by venopuncture. The serum samples were tested by an IgG-ELISA using an N recombinant protein of Araraquara hantavirus as antigen, using the protocol previously established by Figueiredo et al. RESULTS: IgG antibodies to hantavirus were detected in 7 (13% of the 54 participants. The positivity was higher among men. It was observed that there was an association of seropositivity to hantavirus within the participants born in the south of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that, in this rural area, everyone is exposed to the same risk of becoming infected with hantavirus, and, therefore, there is a need to intensify surveillance activities and education of the local people to prevent this viral infection.INTRODUÇÃO: Hantavirus é um gênero de vírus RNA incluído na família Bunyaviridae. Hantaviroses são zoonoses transmitidas por roedores que nos últimos 18 anos tornou-se um problema emergente da saúde pública nas Américas causando uma síndrome cardiopulmonar. Esta doença não tem nenhum tratamento específico e apresenta alta letalidade. A transmissão do hantavirus ao homem ocorre pela inalação de aerossóis dos excrementos de roedores. O

Climate Change and Health

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

David Gikungu

... and river blindness; 4 of the big 7 are zoonoses (Benniston, 2002). ... global burden of disease and premature deaths. ... illnesses a year and more than 150,000 extra deaths. • By 2030, however, the number of climate-related diseases is likely .... What additional public health interventions are likely to reduce the projected.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Babalobi, OO. Vol 26, No 2 (2005) - Articles Professional issues for the Nigerian veterinarian in the twenty first century. Abstract PDF · Vol 26, No 2 (2005) - Articles Promed-mail electronic disease reporting: A case study. Abstract PDF · Vol 29, No 3 (2008) - Articles Emerging zoonoses: the public health role of veterinarians

Desarrollo, territorio y autonomía en Colombia y México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Monroy Álvarez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo rural en México y Colombia. Problemas comunes y respuestas emergentes de los actores. Carlos Cortez et al (Coordinadores Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (Unidad Xochimilco, México, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 2011, 311 págs., il.

Dirofilariose canina na Ilha de São Luís, Nordeste do Brasil: uma zoonose potencial Canine heartworm on São Luís Island, Northeastern Brazil: a potential zoonosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Maria Mendes Ahid

1999-04-01

Full Text Available Um inquérito sobre a prevalência da dirofilariose canina foi realizado entre 1.495 cães de 64 localidades na Ilha de São Luís, de 1991 a 1994, através da pesquisa de microfilárias. Desses, 1.358 cães (12,8% positivos não tinham história pregressa conhecida, sendo 1.265 errantes (10,3% microfilarêmicos e 93 domiciliados (37,8%. A dirofilariose foi detectada em 46 das localidade, porém a prevalência da infecção aumenta consideravelmente quando se trata de cães da orla marítima, de onde procederam 47% dos animais positivos. Em alguns bairros costeiros, a prevalência é elevada, como em Olho d'Água e Calhau (46% e 43% positivos, respectivamente. A pesquisa de microfilárias em 137 cães estritamente domiciliados (DO e com história pregressa conhecida (43% microfilarêmicos permitiu a comprovação da existência de transmissão na Ilha. Este estudo é o primeiro dessa natureza e abrangência realizado no Nordeste do País. Sabendo-se que a dirofilariose é uma zoonose, e diante da elevada prevalência de cães microfilarêmicos, particularmente os domiciliados da orla marítima da Ilha, chama-se a atenção para que se considere tal parasitose como possível causa de lesões pulmonares solitárias na população humana local e naquelas assentadas em áreas com clima e paisagem semelhantes no Nordeste.A survey on the prevalence of canine heartworm was conducted in 1,495 dogs from Maranhão Island, State of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil, from 1991 to 1994, by testing for microfilariae in blood. Of the total, 1,358 (12.8% of which were infected were dogs with no known history; they included 1,265 homeless animals (10.3% with microfilariae and 93 kept by owners at the time the survey was conducted (37.8% of which were infected. Prevalence is high among dogs captured and/or living along the seashore. Examples of such high coastal prevalence rates were found in Olho d'Água and Calhau (46% and 43%, respectively. The search for

Cadenas internacionales de valor: alternativa para la integración profunda de América Latina con India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soraya Caro Vargas

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Si América Latina desea evitar con las economías emergentes del Asia la repetición del ciclo de dependencia económica –caracterizado por la exportación de materias primas y la importación de manufacturas– necesita identificar y promover alianzas de capital para la construcción de cadenas internacionales de acumulación apalancadas en las inversiones indias y chinas, a fin de producir valor agregado en los dos continentes. Para ello precisa que la Intelligentsia supere los paradigmas impuestos por las cargas ideológicas anteriores a los años noventa que aún prevalecen en muchos analistas asiáticos respecto a Latinoamérica, así como también los que en nuestro medio justifican la política comercial de las grandes naciones de oriente dentro de una suerte de idolatría por las nuevas potencias emergentes.

Enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación: una configuración triádica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Ortiz Ocaña

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Durante el desarrollo del proyecto de investigación MODEPED: identificación, caracterización y elaboración del modelo pedagógico de las instituciones pú- blicas del Caribe Colombiano (Ortiz, 2013, financiado por la Universidad del Magdalena, luego de analizar las implicaciones de las teorías del aprendizaje en los modelos pedagógicos contemporáneos y analizar diversas clasificaciones de modelos pedagógicos, constatamos que existen otras propuestas pedagó- gicas emergentes. Precisamente, en este artículo se hace una descripción del constructivismo socio-biológico como nueva teoría del aprendizaje. Se hace una valoración del nuevo modelo pedagógico emergente en el siglo xxi: el modelo pedagógico configuracional, que parte de considerar el aprendizaje, la enseñanza y la evaluación como una configuración tríadica.

Benefits and Risks for People and Livestock of Keeping Companion Animals: Searching for a Healthy Balance.

Science.gov (United States)

Sterneberg-van der Maaten, T; Turner, D; Van Tilburg, J; Vaarten, J

2016-07-01

The mission of the CALLISTO (Companion Animals multisectoriaL interprofessionaL Interdisciplinary Strategic Think tank On zoonoses) project was to provide an overview of the current situation on the role of companion animals as a source of infectious diseases for people and food animals. It also aimed to identify knowledge and technology gaps for the most important zoonoses and propose targeted actions to reduce the risk of zoonotic diseases transmitted via companion animals. After a 3-year study, its members have developed practical recommendations for improved data collection on companion animal numbers and the mechanisms for disease surveillance in companion animals. They highlight the importance of introducing a system for the unique identification of dogs and other companion animals with an implanted microchip transponder and storage of the details it contains on an internationally accessible online database. Their report also emphasises the need for balanced communication with the public on the risks and benefits of pet ownership and the value of the 'One Health' concept to encourage closer collaboration between veterinary and human medical professionals. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A survey of gastrointestinal helminth of stray dogs in Zabol city, southeastern of Iran

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geraili, A.

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Canids are reservoir for some zoonoses helminthic disease. They are one of main public health problem. The aim of this study was to ascertain frequency of gastrointestinal helminthic infection of stray dogs in Zabol city, southeaster of Iran. In this descriptive study, 30 stray dogs were euthanized, intestine was removed by necropsy. Then, the intestines was opened by scalpel and their contents passed through mesh sieve. The helminth were collected. The nematodes were preserved in 70% ethanol with 5% glycerin and cestodes were preserved in 70% ethanol. The cestodes were stained by acetocarmine. The nematodes were cleared by lactophenol. The genus and species of helminth were identified by identification keys. Twenty two (73.3% of stray dogs had at least one intestinal helminthic infection. Recovered helminth from stray dogs include: Taenia hydatigena (53.3%, Taenia ovis (20%, Taenia multiceps (6.6%, Mesocestoides spp (10%, Toxocara canis (23.3%, Toxocara cati (3.3%. Data showed that the stray dogs in Zabol city harbor some important zoonoses helminth parasite like Toxocara.

Rodents as a Source of Salmonella Contamination in Wet Markets in Thailand

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Ribas, A.; Saijuntha, W.; Agatsuma, T.; Prantlová, Veronika; Poonlaphdecha, S.

2016-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 8 (2016), s. 537-540 ISSN 1530-3667 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-01090S Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Norway rat * Pacific rat * S. 4,[5], 12:i * Salmonella * typhimurium * weltevreden * wet market * zoonoses Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 2.045, year: 2016

: tous les projets | Page 520 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Cambodia, China, Laos, Viet Nam, Thailand. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 5,093,453.00. Relever le défi posé par les zoonoses infectieuses émergentes en Asie du Sud-Est. Projet. La santé des ...

Categorização de questões de Física do novo ENEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesusney Silva Hernandes

2013-04-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2013v30n1p58 Este artigo estuda questões que envolvem Física nas provas de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias do novo ENEM. Selecionamos itens que evidenciam alguma Física nestas provas. Classificamos as questões por Competência e Habilidade segundo a matriz de referência do Exame e, através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2010, propusemos, para cada grupo de itens inseridos em uma dada competência, um agrupamento em categorias. A partir da observação e reflexão das categorias emergentes apresentamos ao longo do texto orientações sobre características das situações-problema que abordam alguma Física no novo ENEM. Além disso, através da análise das categorias emergentes, procuramos avaliar a aproximação das questões selecionadas com as orientações presentes nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (PCNEM, nas Orientações Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN+ e nas Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio (OCEM. Percebemos que muitas orientações que surgiram das categorias emergentes atendem às orientações dos PCN, PCN+ e OCEM. Esperamos que nossa pesquisa possa contribuir para o alinhamento da prática docente com um ensino de Física inovador pautado no desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades, viabilizando melhoria de aprendizado e, consequentemente, de desempenho em Exames como o ENEM.

Residuos peligrosos hospitalarios en casa: una amenaza emergente.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Divia Mejía-Reales

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir el manejo de residuos peligrosos hospitalarios generados en los domicilios por usuarios con enfermedades crónicas de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud en la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 85 usuarios con enfermedades crónicas que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre manejo de residuos peligrosos hospitalarios en casa. Resultados: la población encuestada estuvo expuesta a riesgos relacionados con el manejo de agujas un 40% de los diabéticos, el 55% de quienes padecen enfermedad renal, en contacto con líquido peritoneal, y los usuarios con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica 36% presentaron reacciones anafilácticas. Además se encontró que el 66% de la población no tiene conocimientos acerca del manejo de estos residuos, cuál es el almacenamiento, recolección, transporte, tratamiento y/o disposición final de los mismos. Conclusión: el estudio reveló que existe una problemática relacionada con el proceso integral de los residuos peligrosos hospitalarios, debido a que la población generadora de estos pertenecen a estratos medios - bajos y asumir la totalidad de los gastos generados es poco viable, además no está capacitada adecuadamente, por tal razón resultó pertinente la elaboración de un manual para el manejo de residuos peligrosos hospitalarios generados en casa, para instruir sobre actividades que realizan estos usuarios, buscando disminuir el impacto en la salud y el ambiente derivados de la producción de estos desechos.

Mucormicosis: Una micosis emergente Mucormycosis: An emergent mycosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iris Tiraboschi

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la incidencia, frecuencia, características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con mucormicosis atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre los años 1982 y 2010. Durante ese período se diagnosticaron 10 casos de mucormicosis. Los tres primeros entre 1982 y 2004 y los últimos 7 entre 2005 y 2010. La incidencia y frecuencia de esta enfermedad, para el período 1980-2004 fue 0.13 pacientes/año y 0.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.00 a 0.3 respectivamente. En el período 2005-2010 la incidencia fue 0.86 pacientes/año y la frecuencia de 1.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.5 a 2.4. Hubo nueve casos de mucormicosis rinosinuso-orbitaria, siete en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, uno en una paciente con una hemopatía maligna y neutropenia, y el restante en un paciente con HIV/sida que además estaba neutropénico y con un síndrome hemofagocítico. En una paciente se realizó el diagnóstico post mortem de mucormicosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico se efectuó por la observación de filamentos cenocíticos en los diez casos. Hubo desarrollo de mucorales en los cultivos de 8/9 pacientes; cinco Rhizopus spp y tres Mucor spp. Todos los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento inicial con anfotericina B deoxicolato, que en tres de ellos fue continuado con anfotericina B liposomal, y cirugía. Tres enfermos recibieron además un tratamiento adyuvante con oxigeno hiperbárico. La mortalidad fue 30%.Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. It is characterized by rapid progression and high morbidity and mortality in the absence of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. It was an infrequent disease, but in recent years, its incidence appears to have increased. The aim of this paper is to report the cases of mucormycosis diagnosed from 1982 to 2010 at the Hospital de Clinicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires. We diagnosed 10 cases of mucormycosis; the first three between 1982 and 2004 and the last 7 between 2005 and 2010. The incidence from 1980 to 2004 was 0.13 patient-years and the frequency 0.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.00- 0.3. In the period 2005 to 2010, the incidence was 0.86 patients per year with 1.1/10 000 discharges (95% CI 0.5-2.4. There was a pulmonary mucormycosis case (in a patient treated with corticosteroids and nine rhinocerebral cases, two in neutropenic and seven in diabetic patients. The diagnosis was made by observation of cenocytic hyphae in 10/10 patients. Mucorales were recovered in 8/9 cultures (5 Rhizopus spp and 3 Mucor spp.. In one case diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis was made post-mortem. Nine patients were treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (in 3 patients supplemented with liposomal amphotericin B and surgery. Three patients underwent hyperbaric chamber. Seven patients had favorable outcome. In conclusion, mucormycosis is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased over the past five years. A good evolution of the patients is linked to early diagnosis and treatment.

Contaminantes emergentes en aguas, efectos y posibles tratamientos

OpenAIRE

Gil Garzón, Miriam Janet; Soto, Adriana María; Usma Gutiérrez, Jorge Iván; Gutiérrez Flórez, Omar Darío

2012-01-01

There is a growing interest on emerging contaminants (EC). They are compounds with several origins and chemical natures, and their presence in the environment, or the consequences of such presence, have not been fully noticed, causing environmental problems and health risk. These compounds are spread in the environment and have been detected in water sources, underground waters and even in drinking water. Little is known about these compounds and their presence, impact and treatme...

Critique of Nkrumah's Philosophical Materialism | Ani | Thought and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kwame Nkrumah invokes the doctrine of emergentism in the hope of reconciling theism - a tenacious part of the African worldview - with materialism. However, in this article I seek to show that this reconciliation is not only ultimately unsuccessful, but is actually impossible. Towards this end, I identify weaknesses in what I ...

Control and Elimination of Helminth Zoonoses in the Greater ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Addressing the problem before it spreads While health authorities have reduced the overall numbers of cases (mainly through mass drug treatments of at-risk ... Parasite prevention and control This project expands on research from the Ecohealth Emerging Infectious Diseases Initiative, where researchers identified and ...

Target priority transboundary animal diseases and zoonoses in the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Overall, Rift Valley fever had the highest rank, followed by Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Newcastle Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Lumpy Skin Disease, Peste des Petits des Ruminants, Rabies, Brucellosis, Bovine Tuberculosis, Foot-and Mouth Disease and Sheep and Goat Pox. In conclusion, the ...

Zoonoses As Ecological Entities: A Case Review of Plague.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeppelini, Caio Graco; de Almeida, Alzira Maria Paiva; Cordeiro-Estrela, Pedro

2016-10-01

As a zoonosis, Plague is also an ecological entity, a complex system of ecological interactions between the pathogen, the hosts, and the spatiotemporal variations of its ecosystems. Five reservoir system models have been proposed: (i) assemblages of small mammals with different levels of susceptibility and roles in the maintenance and amplification of the cycle; (ii) species-specific chronic infection models; (ii) flea vectors as the true reservoirs; (iii) Telluric Plague, and (iv) a metapopulation arrangement for species with a discrete spatial organization, following a source-sink dynamic of extinction and recolonization with naïve potential hosts. The diversity of the community that harbors the reservoir system affects the transmission cycle by predation, competition, and dilution effect. Plague has notable environmental constraints, depending on altitude (500+ meters), warm and dry climates, and conditions for high productivity events for expansion of the transmission cycle. Human impacts are altering Plague dynamics by altering landscape and the faunal composition of the foci and adjacent areas, usually increasing the presence and number of human cases and outbreaks. Climatic change is also affecting the range of its occurrence. In the current transitional state of zoonosis as a whole, Plague is at risk of becoming a public health problem in poor countries where ecosystem erosion, anthropic invasion of new areas, and climate change increase the contact of the population with reservoir systems, giving new urgency for ecologic research that further details its maintenance in the wild, the spillover events, and how it links to human cases.

Zoonoses As Ecological Entities: A Case Review of Plague.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caio Graco Zeppelini

2016-10-01

Full Text Available As a zoonosis, Plague is also an ecological entity, a complex system of ecological interactions between the pathogen, the hosts, and the spatiotemporal variations of its ecosystems. Five reservoir system models have been proposed: (i assemblages of small mammals with different levels of susceptibility and roles in the maintenance and amplification of the cycle; (ii species-specific chronic infection models; (ii flea vectors as the true reservoirs; (iii Telluric Plague, and (iv a metapopulation arrangement for species with a discrete spatial organization, following a source-sink dynamic of extinction and recolonization with naïve potential hosts. The diversity of the community that harbors the reservoir system affects the transmission cycle by predation, competition, and dilution effect. Plague has notable environmental constraints, depending on altitude (500+ meters, warm and dry climates, and conditions for high productivity events for expansion of the transmission cycle. Human impacts are altering Plague dynamics by altering landscape and the faunal composition of the foci and adjacent areas, usually increasing the presence and number of human cases and outbreaks. Climatic change is also affecting the range of its occurrence. In the current transitional state of zoonosis as a whole, Plague is at risk of becoming a public health problem in poor countries where ecosystem erosion, anthropic invasion of new areas, and climate change increase the contact of the population with reservoir systems, giving new urgency for ecologic research that further details its maintenance in the wild, the spillover events, and how it links to human cases.

Breaking the chain of zoonoses through biosecurity in livestock.

Science.gov (United States)

Layton, Daniel S; Choudhary, Anupma; Bean, Andrew G D

2017-10-20

Increases in global travel, trade and urbanisation are leading to greater incidence of zoonotic disease, and livestock are often a key link in the spread of disease to humans. As such, livestock vaccination strategies, as a part of broader biosecurity solutions, are critical to both animal and human health. Importantly, approaches that restrict infectious agents in livestock, not only protects their economic value but should reduce the potential for spill over infections in humans. Biosecurity solutions to livestock health can take a number of different forms and are generally heavily weighted towards prevention of infection rather than treatment. Therefore, vaccination can provide an effective component of a strategic approach, particularly as production economics dictate the use of cost effective solutions. Furthermore, in an evolving global environment there is a need for vaccines that accommodate for lower socioeconomic and rapidly emerging zoonotics. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neglected vector-borne zoonoses in Europe: Into the wild.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tomassone, Laura; Berriatua, Eduardo; De Sousa, Rita; Duscher, Gerhard Georg; Mihalca, Andrei Daniel; Silaghi, Cornelia; Sprong, Hein; Zintl, Annetta

2018-01-01

Wild vertebrates are involved in the transmission cycles of numerous pathogens. Additionally, they can affect the abundance of arthropod vectors. Urbanization, landscape and climate changes, and the adaptation of vectors and wildlife to human habitats represent complex and evolving scenarios, which

Infectious prion diseases in humans: cannibalism, iatrogenicity and zoonoses.

Science.gov (United States)

Haïk, Stéphane; Brandel, Jean-Philippe

2014-08-01

In contrast with other neurodegenerative disorders associated to protein misfolding, human prion diseases include infectious forms (also called transmitted forms) such as kuru, iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The transmissible agent is thought to be solely composed of the abnormal isoform (PrP(Sc)) of the host-encoded prion protein that accumulated in the central nervous system of affected individuals. Compared to its normal counterpart, PrP(Sc) is β-sheet enriched and aggregated and its propagation is based on an autocatalytic conversion process. Increasing evidence supports the view that conformational variations of PrP(Sc) encoded the biological properties of the various prion strains that have been isolated by transmission studies in experimental models. Infectious forms of human prion diseases played a pivotal role in the emergence of the prion concept and in the characterization of the very unconventional properties of prions. They provide a unique model to understand how prion strains are selected and propagate in humans. Here, we review and discuss how genetic factors interplay with strain properties and route of transmission to influence disease susceptibility, incubation period and phenotypic expression in the light of the kuru epidemics due to ritual endocannibalism, the various series iatrogenic diseases secondary to extractive growth hormone treatment or dura mater graft and the epidemics of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease linked to dietary exposure to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences. Carlos Sonnenschein. Articles written in Journal of Biosciences. Volume 30 Issue 1 February 2005 pp 103-118. Emergentism as a default: Cancer as a problem of tissue organization · Ana M soto Carlos Sonnenschein · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. During the last fifty years the ...

Serological survey of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) for tularaemia and brucellosis in South Moravia, Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hubálek, Zdeněk; Treml, F.; Juřicová, Zina; Huňady, M.; Halouzka, Jiří; Janík, V.; Bill, D.

2002-01-01

Roč. 47, 2-3 (2002), s. 60-66 ISSN 0375-8427 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA524/00/1122; GA AV ČR IBS6093007; GA AV ČR KSK6005114 Keywords : Sus scrofa * serosurvey * zoonoses Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 0.204, year: 2002 http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/47-3-60.pdf

Rendre les collectivités rurales mieux à même de réduire au ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

27 avr. 2016 ... Les chercheurs ont découvert que les collectivités pastorales, bien qu'elles soient particulièrement touchées par la brucellosis, connaissent très peu cette maladie. On contracte cette zoonose très contagieuse en consommant le lait non pasteurisé ou la viande insuffisamment cuite d'un animal infecté ou en ...

Patterns of knowledge flow from industrialized to Latin American and Asian countries in the pharmaceutical industry: a patent citation analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georgina Alenka Guzmán Chávez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se examinan los patrones del flujo de conocimiento tecnológico en el sector de la industria farmacéutica de países de la Unión Europea, Japón y los Estados Unidos a países emergentes de América Latina y Asia seleccionados, utilizando la cita de patentes como un indicador proxy. Se estima un modelo de difusión de conocimiento con base en las patentes concedidas por la USPTO a residentes y no residentes en este campo tecnológico. La proximidad tecnológica de los países de América Latina y Asia en relación a Estados Unidos resultó ser menor respecto a los países de la Unión Europea y Japón, debido al hecho de que la cantidad de patentes citables es mucho mayor en el país de América del Norte. Pese a la cercanía geográfica de México con Estados Unidos, no exis - te necesariamente una proximidad tecnológica. Sin embargo, la proximidad tecnológica entre los países emergentes de Asia y los países industrializados, en especial de la Unión Europea y Japón, es evidente y se explica por varias razones. Entre éstas están las inversiones extranjeras de países industrializados a las economías emergentes y sus respectivas externalidades. Derechos Reservados©2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Seroprevalencia de la hepatitis C en adultos de México: ¿un problema de salud pública emergente? Seroprevalence of hepatitis C among Mexican adults: an emerging public health problem?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Valdespino

2007-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: La infección por virus de la hepatitis (VHC evoluciona hacia la cronicidad en 60 a 85% de los sujetos que la sufren y ocasiona cirrosis hepática y cáncer primario de hígado. El objetivo de este estudio fue notificar la seroprevalencia de infección por VHC en una muestra probabilística de la población en el plano nacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 21 271 sueros seleccionados de manera aleatoria de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000, para anti-VHC y RNA de VHC. El estudio se realizó en el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública en el año 2005. RESULTADOS: La seroprevalencia de los anticuerpos VHC fue de 1.4% (IC95% 1.1-1.6 y 35.7% tenía infección activa. Los factores de riesgo de infección de VHC detectados son el antecedente de consumo de heroína (RM=9.8, IC: 2.1-41.4, estar separado (RM=2.6, IC: 1.1-5.9 o ser viudo (RM=2.2, IC: 1.1-4.3 y residir en la región norte del país (RM=1.9, IC: 1.1-3.2. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos indican que la hepatitis C es un problema de salud pública emergente en México. Los factores de riesgo de infección indican que la transmisión más frecuente de los infectados ocurre en receptores de sangre y hemoderivados (antes de 1996 y, de manera secundaria, por drogadicción intravenosa y de tipo sexual.OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV infection is becoming a chronic disease in 60-85% of individuals and is a cause of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to report the seroprevalence of HCV infection in a probabilistic sample of the Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is based on information obtained from the National Health Survey conducted in 2000. A total of 21 271 sera randomly selected for anti-HCV and RNA of HCV was studied. It was performed at the National Institute of Public Health in 2005. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of HCV antibodies was 1.4% (IC95% 1.1%-1.6%, of which 35.7% had active infection. Risk factors for infection were

Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences. Ana M soto. Articles written in Journal of Biosciences. Volume 30 Issue 1 February 2005 pp 103-118. Emergentism as a default: Cancer as a problem of tissue organization · Ana M soto Carlos Sonnenschein · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. During the last fifty years the dominant ...

Tutoring at a Distance: Modelling as a Tool to Control Chaos

Science.gov (United States)

Bertin, Jean-Claude; Narcy-Combes, Jean-Paul

2012-01-01

This article builds on a previous article published in 2007, which aimed at clarifying the concept of tutoring. Based on a new epistemological stance (emergentism) the authors will here show how the various components of the computer-assisted language learning situation form a complex chaotic system. They advocate that modelling is a way of…

NUEVO ESCENARIO DE SOCIALIZACIÓN DEL LENGUAJE: EL CHAT Y LOS ADOLESCENTES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Julieta Galera

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo es parte de un proyecto de investigación denominado “Las Nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación y sus efectos en el lenguaje escrito de los adolescentes”.Los objetivos que intentaremos develar a través de esta investigación son: analizar el lenguaje escrito derivado del uso del chat como fenómeno cultural emergente; indagar si el lenguaje derivado del uso del chat es la expresión de una nueva forma de percibir, de comunicar y de concebir el mundo; caracterizar al lenguaje escrito emergente por el uso y apropiación de las TICs por parte de los adolescentes.La elección del tema fue motivada por la amplia difusión y discusión que existía sobre los problemas o consecuencias por el uso del chat en el lenguaje escrito de los adolescentes debido a la existencia de prejuicios ampliamente difundidos sobre este problema en el mundo académico y en el ámbito escolar en particular.

Uso de bovinos e de ovinos como agentes de controle da vegetação nativa sob três populações de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Costa Varella

1999-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cinco sistemas de controle da vegetação nativa e os danos provocados por bovinos e ovinos em três populações de eucalipto. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, com dois blocos completos. Os tratamentos foram: a três densidades de Eucalyptus saligna Smith. (204, 400 e 816 árvores/ha nas parcelas principais e b cinco sistemas de controle da vegetação nativa (sem controle, herbicida pré-emergente, herbicidas pré e pós-emergentes, pastejo com bovinos e com ovinos nas subparcelas. O pastejo com bovinos ou ovinos foi mais eficiente na redução da vegetação nativa que nos demais tratamentos. Os bovinos danificaram mais as árvores que os ovinos. Existe estreita relação entre a altura das mudas de eucalipto e os danos causados pelos bovinos e ovinos no momento da introdução destes animais no sub-bosque.

The business case for One Health.

Science.gov (United States)

Grace, Delia

2014-04-23

This article outlines a pathway to develop the business case for One Health. It describes the origin and development of One Health and then identifies five potential areas where One Health can add value and reduce costs. These are: (1) sharing health resources between the medical and veterinary sectors; (2) controlling zoonoses in animal reservoirs; (3) early detection and response to emerging diseases; (4) prevention of pandemics; and (5) generating insights and adding value to health research and development. Examples are given for each category along with preliminary estimates of the potential savings from adopting the One Health approach. The literature reviewed suggests that one dollar invested in One Health can generate five dollars worth of benefits and a global investment of US$25 billion over 10 years could generate benefits worth at least US$125 billion. Conservation implications: the time has come to make the bigger case for massive investment in One Health in order to transform the management of neglected and emerging zoonoses and to save the lives of millions of people and hundreds of millions of animals whose production supports and nourishes billions of impoverished people per annum.

Plasmodium knowlesi in humans: a review on the role of its vectors in Malaysia.

Science.gov (United States)

Vythilingam, Indra

2010-04-01

Plasmodium knowlesi in humans is life threatening, is on the increase and has been reported from most states in Malaysia. Anopheles latens and Anopheles cracens have been incriminated as vectors. Malaria is now a zoonoses and is occurring in malaria free areas of Malaysia. It is also a threat to eco-tourism. The importance of the vectors and possible control measures is reviewed here.

Complete Genome Sequence of Ikoma Lyssavirus

OpenAIRE

Marston, Denise A.; Ellis, Richard J.; Horton, Daniel L.; Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Wise, Emma L.; McElhinney, Lorraine M.; Banyard, Ashley C.; Ngeleja, Chanasa; Keyyu, Julius; Cleaveland, Sarah; Lembo, Tiziana; Rupprecht, Charles E.; Fooks, Anthony R.

2012-01-01

Lyssaviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) constitute one of the most important groups of viral zoonoses globally. All lyssaviruses cause the disease rabies, an acute progressive encephalitis for which, once symptoms occur, there is no effective cure. Currently available vaccines are highly protective against the predominantly circulating lyssavirus species. Using next-generation sequencing technologies, we have obtained the whole-genome sequence for a novel lyssavirus, Ikoma lyssavirus (IKOV), isol...

West Nile virus (linie 2) v komárech na jižní Moravě – očekávání prvních autochtonních lidských případů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rudolf, Ivo; Blažejová, Hana; Šebesta, Oldřich; Mendel, Jan; Peško, Juraj; Betášová, Lenka; Straková, Petra; Šikutová, Silvie; Hubálek, Zdeněk

2018-01-01

Roč. 67, č. 1 (2018), s. 44-46 ISSN 1210-7913 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA16-20054S Grant - others:AV ČR + JMK + město Břeclav(CZ) R200931601 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : West Nile virus * arboviruses * emerging zoonoses * mosquitoes * Culex pipiens * Culex modestus Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology OBOR OECD: Virology Impact factor: 0.500, year: 2016

Could FIV zoonosis responsible of the breakdown of the pathocenosis which has reduced the European CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies?

Science.gov (United States)

Faure, Eric

2008-01-01

Background In Europe, the north-south downhill cline frequency of the chemokine receptor CCR5 allele with a 32-bp deletion (CCR5-Δ32) raises interesting questions for evolutionary biologists. We had suggested first that, in the past, the European colonizers, principally Romans, might have been instrumental of a progressively decrease of the frequencies southwards. Indeed, statistical analyses suggested strong negative correlations between the allele frequency and historical parameters including the colonization dates by Mediterranean civilisations. The gene flows from colonizers to native populations were extremely low but colonizers are responsible of the spread of several diseases suggesting that the dissemination of parasites in naive populations could have induced a breakdown rupture of the fragile pathocenosis changing the balance among diseases. The new equilibrium state has been reached through a negative selection of the null allele. Results Most of the human diseases are zoonoses and cat might have been instrumental in the decrease of the allele frequency, because its diffusion through Europe was a gradual process, due principally to Romans; and that several cat zoonoses could be transmitted to man. The possible implication of a feline lentivirus (FIV) which does not use CCR5 as co-receptor is discussed. This virus can infect primate cells in vitro and induces clinical signs in macaque. Moreover, most of the historical regions with null or low frequency of CCR5-Δ32 allele coincide with historical range of the wild felid species which harbor species-specific FIVs. Conclusion We proposed the hypothesis that the actual European CCR5 allelic frequencies are the result of a negative selection due to a disease spreading. A cat zoonosis, could be the most plausible hypothesis. Future studies could provide if CCR5 can play an antimicrobial role in FIV pathogenesis. Moreover, studies of ancient DNA could provide more evidences regarding the implications of

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Law Enforcement Officers on Rabies and Animal Control Issues in Kansas.

Science.gov (United States)

Straily, A; Trevino-Garrison, I

2017-03-01

Rabies is a deadly zoonoses endemic in the United States, including Kansas. Animal control programmes that emphasize vaccination of dogs and cats, removal of stray animals and enforcement of licensure programmes have historically been essential in reducing the risk of rabies exposures to humans (Beran, 1991). Kansas does not mandate the use of animal control officers [ACOs] and in areas where there is no designated animal control officer, law enforcement officers [LEOs] are required to fill that role. Little is known about LEOs' knowledge of rabies, their current practices in responding to animal-related calls or if they receive any specialized training to perform the duties of an ACO. A web-based, voluntary and anonymous survey was sent to law enforcement officers in Kansas in January 2014. The survey included questions about animal control practices and a self-assessment of rabies knowledge. The response rate was 16.2%. All respondents indicated LEOs will respond to animal-related calls, even if there was an ACO available in their department or jurisdiction. A majority of respondents indicated they had not received training on safe animal handling (62.9%, 61/97) or zoonoses prevention (85.6%, 83/97), even though a strong majority considered such training important (89.7% and 79.4%, respectively). Most respondents (>80%) were able to correctly identify animals capable of transmitting rabies but were less aware of how rabies was transmitted or the severity of rabies in humans. Our results demonstrate that Kansas LEOs perform animal control duties, many without the proper training, even though most consider such training to be important to be able to perform their duties safely. Training on safe animal handling and zoonoses prevention should be provided to all LEOs in Kansas to enable them to safely execute their duties and provide timely and accurate information to citizens regarding rabies prevention. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Globalización, salud y cultura: aspectos emergentes. Propuestas para el análisis desde la antropología social Globalisation, health and culture: emerging issues. Proposals for an analysis from a social anthropology perspective

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José Palacios Ramírez

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito central de este artículo es presentar algunas reflexiones de carácter crítico sobre las relaciones entre las transformaciones en el campo de la salud y los procesos de globalización. Para ello partimos de los aportes de nuestra disciplina de origen, la Antropología social, pero también ocupan un papel central las teorías del filosofo francés M. Foucault. La idea es que estas reflexiones puedan abrir un espacio de debate con otros profesionales del campo socio-sanitario. En la primera parte el texto plantea el reto que supone pensar acerca de los nuevos procesos sociales ligados a la salud, debido a la aparición de modelos explicativos y de intervención en los cuales determinados aspectos que podríamos denominar "culturales" parecen haber pasado a ocupar un lugar central. Después pasa a sugerir, desde una perspectiva procesual las dinámicas emergentes que podrían estar tomando los procesos ahora globales de medicalización de la vida, tratando de apuntar sus paradojas, como el desbordamiento de los límites tradicionales de los saberes sanitarios y el ensamblaje de nuevas practicas que parecen traducir al campo medico realidades hasta ahora fuera de su alcance.The core proposal of this article is to present a series of reflections of a critical nature on the links between changes in the field of health care and processes of globalisation. A lot of our work is founded on our discipline of social anthropology; however, the theories of the French philosopher M. Foucault also play a central role in this paper. Our intention is that these reflections may contribute to subsequent debate among professionals in the social-health arena. The first part of this article talks about the challenge that supposes to think about the new social processes related to the health, due to the appearance of explanatory and interventional models, in which some aspects that we could denominate "cultural" seem to occupy a central place. Later

DATURA STRAMONIUM: Toxicología de una droga emergente

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Soler Carracedo A

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El estramonio (Datura stramonium L, al igual que la gran mayoría de las drogas alucinógenas vegetales, ha sido usado a lo largo de los siglos en un contexto místico-religioso chamánico. Sin embargo, fue en el verano de 2011 cuando se detecta su uso como droga de abuso en España tras el fallecimiento de dos jóvenes en una fiesta “rave” en Getafe (Madrid y una intoxicación aguda de un joven en Badajoz, hechos que generaron una gran alarma social. Todo ello pone de manifiesto la constante variabilidad en la familia de las drogas perturbadoras usadas con fines recreativos. La disponibilidad de este vegetal y el desconocimiento sobre los riesgos de su consumo lo convierten en un serio problema de salud pública. El estramonio posee propiedades alucinógenas y anticolinérgicas debido a su contenido en alcaloides tropánicos, entre los que destacan tres: atropina (DL50= 10 mg en humanos, 400 mg/Kg ratón, hiosciamina y escopolamina (DL50= 2-4 mg en humanos, 619 mg/Kg ratón. Entre los efectos psíquicos y orgánicos destacan la alteración del estado mental con alucinaciones y la taquicardia, respectivamente. El tratamiento de las intoxicaciones agudas es sintomatológico y se dispone de un antídoto, la fisostigmina.

Plesiomonas shigelloides: um enteropatógeno emergente?

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J. P. FALCãO

2009-01-01

Full Text Available

Plesiomonas shigelloides é um bacilo Gram-negativo, pertencente à família Enterobacteriaceae, isolado de água doce e salgada, de peixes de água doce, mariscos e de inúmeros tipos de animais. Suspeita-se que a maioria das infecções humanas causadas por P. shigelloides, seja veiculada pela água, pois a bactéria está presente em águas não tratadas que são usadas para beber, águas recreacionais ou água para lavar alimentos que são consumidos sem cozimento ou aquecimento. A ingestão de P. shigelloides não causa sempre doença no animal hospedeiro, mas o microrganismo pode permanecer temporariamente como membro transitório não infeccioso da microbiota intestinal. A bactéria é isolada de fezes de pacientes com diarréia, mas algumas vezes também de fezes de indivíduos sem sintomas. A doença causada por P. shigelloides é a gastrenterite, que normalmente é auto-limitante, com febre, calafrio, dor abdominal, náusea, diarréia ou vômito. Em casos graves, as fezes diarréicas podem ser verde-amareladas, espumosas e com presença de sangue. A bactéria pode também causar infecções extra-intestinais. Ademais, pode produzir toxinas e ser invasora. As características utilizadas para considerar P. shigelloides como um enteropatógeno não são totalmente convincentes. Embora seja isolada de pacientes com diarréia e incriminada em vários surtos epidêmicos envolvendo água e alimentos contaminados, não foi possível identificar em muitas amostras de P. shigelloides, associadas com infecções gastrintestinais, um mecanismo de virulência definitivo. Palavras-chave: P. shigelloides; enteropatógeno; gastrenterite; diarréia; infecções extra-intestinais.

Patogénesis de Listeria monocytogenes, microorganismo zoonotico emergente

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Kirvis Torres

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Listeria monocytogenes además de ser un paradigma para la investigación inmunológica se ha convertidoen sistema modelo apropiado para el análisis de los mecanismos moleculares del parasitismo intracelularde otras bacterias. Investigadores en el área de la inmunología se interesaron en este microorganismocuando se reconoció el riesgo que representaba para la salud pública y la seguridad en la industria dealimentos. Desde mediados de los años 80’s se ha investigado la biología molecular de los marcadores devirulencia de este microorganismo, la biología celular de las interacciones de los marcadores de virulenciacon los receptores de la célula hospedero, el citoesqueleto, las vías de transducción de señales y losmecanismos de inmunidad mediada por células del hospedero. El propósito de esta revisión es describiralgunas características taxonómicas y filogenéticas de Listeria monocytogenes , la incidencia humana yanimal de varios serotipos, la fisiopatología de la infección , modelos animales y de cultivo celular utilizadospara estudios de virulencia, las poblaciones de riesgo, manifestaciones clínicas de listeriosis humana yanimal, el tratamiento, la organización genética y evolución de los determinantes de virulencia, losmecanismos empleados para interactuar con la célula hospedera, y los mecanismos para escapar de losprocesos de muerte celular y pasar de una célula infectada a otra. La información recopilada resulta degran importancia para el personal de salud, industria, consumidores y población de riesgo; razón por lacual Listeria monocytogenes es un patógeno que representa una amenaza para la salud pública mundial.

Mycobacterium chelonae y Mycobacterium abscessus: patógenos emergentes

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Mónica M. Ortegón

1996-09-01

Full Text Available Mycobacterium chelonae es el nombre correcto para la micobacteria aislada en 1903 de los pulmones enfermos de una tortuga marina. En una especie distinta de Mycobacterium fo/tuitum, aislado de ranas en 1905, y de Mycobacterium abscessus, considerado actualmente como una subespecie de M chelonae. Estas tres especies son las únicas patógenas para el hombre dentro del grupo de micobacterias ambientales o atipicas, de crecimiento rápido, las cuales se caracterizan por formar colonias en cultivo en menos de siete días. Son agentes etiológicos de nódulos y abscesos cutáneos, localizados y diseminados, de lesiones postoperatorias, usualmente en la cicatriz quirúrgica, de lesiones pulmonares y de linfadenitis granulomatosa, de osteomielitis y de queratitis, entre otras. Las lesiones cutáneas y de los tejidos blandos son las más frecuentes y resultan generalmente de la inoculación traumática de esta micobacteria. Histopatológicamente, los nódulos y abscesos muestran un proceso inflamatorio, supurativo y granulomatoso, mixto, en el que en la cuarta parte de los casos pueden demostrarse conglomerados de bacilos ácido alcohol resistentes, que tienden a estar situados en una vacuola en el centro del absceso. En Colombia, se han descrito tres brotes de abscesos subcutáneos producidos por bacterias ambientales, secundarios a la aplicación de inyecciones contaminadas con el germen causal: en 1981, en Bucaramanga, luego de la aplicación de la vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla, en 50 personas, la mayoría niños; en 1989, en Medellin, por la inyección subcutánea de alergenos, en 13 personas; y, en 1993, en varias ciudades de la costa atlántica, luego de aplicaciones subcutáneas de xilocaína, como tratamiento bionergético, en 297 pacientes. Existen otros informes aislados de casos posttraumáticos.La enfermedad diseminada por micobacterias de rápido crecimiento, se presenta en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. En la biopsia, predominan los polimorfonucleares, no hay granuloma epitelioide y el número de bacilos es abundante. La micobacteria implicada puede aislarse a partir de un frotis o biopsia de la lesión, pero, el diagnóstico preciso sólo puede establecerse por cultivo. Es recomendable practicar un antibiograma por las diferencias en la sensibilidad de estas micobacterias. M. abscessus es sensible a claritromicina, amikacina y cefoxitina. M. fortuitum lo es a amikacina, cefoxitina y ciprofloxacina y M. chelonae es sensible a cefoxitina y amikacina. El uso de monoterapia no es aconsejable. El diagnóstico diferencial de enfermedad cutánea por micobacterias atípicas debe hacerse con todas aquellas entidades que se manifiestan por nódulos, abscesos, úlceras o trayectos fistulosos, tales como la tuberculosis, la leishmaniasis, las úlceras piógenas, los nódulos reumatoideos, los granulomas a cuerpo extraño, la esporotricosis, la nocardiosis y la botriomicosis, entre otras. Las micobacterias atipicas están entre los microorganismos que pueden producir nódulos y abscesos de propagación linfangitica. En el pulmón, el principal diagnóstico diferencial es la tuberculosis, cuando hay granulomas centrados por micrabscesos, debe pensarse en etiología por micobacterias atipicas. Estos géneros están ampliamente distribuidos en el medio ambiente. El agua y diferentes soluciones acuosas son el mayor vector para su trasmisión al hombre. Su estricta supervisión para aplicación al ser humano, el uso de agujas y jeringas desechables, la adecuada desinfección de equipos y material reutilizable con micobactericidas de comprobada eficacia, el más útil de los cuales es el glutaraldehido alcalino al 2% y el cumplimiento de unas mínimas normas de bioseguridad, son las principales medidas de control para la prevención de enfermedades producidas por rnicobacterias ambientales.

Empresas privatizadas, instituciones y consecuencias laborales en paises emergentes

OpenAIRE

Alberto Chong; Gianmarco León

2007-01-01

Este artículo utiliza un marco de datos de empresas de alrededor del mundo para comparar los indicadores de empleo de empresas privatizadas, privadas y publicas. Este estudio se concentra particularmente en salarios, beneficios, composición de la mano de obra, educación, entrenamiento, sindicalismo, y la calidad de la gerencia. Aunque la productividad de la mano de obra incrementó después de la privatización, el índice de trabajadores permanentes en comparación a trabajadores temporales tambi...

CÉLULAS SOLARES DE PEROVSKITAS: UMA NOVA TECNOLOGIA EMERGENTE

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Ellen Raphael

Full Text Available Solar energy has been considered as an important source of clean and safe energy to overcome the problems associate to the burn of fossil fuels (e.g. climate changes, pollution, health problems, etc.. In the area of photovoltaics, devices that convert solar energy into electricity, perovskites solar cells (PSC have attracted great attention due to their rapid development, high energy conversion efficiency, diversification of the processing methods and different materials. The fantastic properties of the hybrid perovskite materials, such as high absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, ambipolar charge carrier, simple preparation, etc., have quoted this technology as one the most important in this century. The rapid development of PSC has provided a significant increase in energy conversion efficiency, which was first reported, in 2009, as 3.8% and now reaches up to 22.10%, according to the National Laboratory of Renewable Energy (NREL. Many studies have been carried out to further increase the efficiency of devices and solve problems as the instability of the material, and the presence of lead, so that the PSC can be applied commercially. This paper presents a review on PSC and the major advances reported in device’s architecture, preparation methods, novel materials and interface engineering.

Problemas bioéticos emergentes de la inteligencia artificial

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Jairo Andrés Villalba Gómez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo de revisión, relaciona de forma analítica los conceptos entre bioética e inteligencia artificial, identificando los elementos técnicofilosóficos tales como: transhumanismo, inteligencia artificial y bioética de la tecnología; cuyo orden transdisciplinar, evoluciona en cuestionamientos científicos basados en la evolución de la tecnociencia del siglo XXI. Se identificarán los referentes conceptuales de la relación entre transhumanismo (H+ e inteligencia artificial (IA, su génesis, enfoques, fundamentos disciplinares, así como los elementos básicos que hacen posible la arquitectura en un sistema de inteligencia artificial, precisando así el ambiente prospectivo en el que se consolida una “era” basada en la “singularidad tecnológica”, para finalmente concluir en una descripción de algunos problemas ético-filosóficos que emergen en la evolución de la inteligencia artificial.

First report of Anisakis sp. in Epinephelus sp. in East Indonesia

OpenAIRE

Annytha Ina Rohi Detha; Diana Agustiani Wuri; Julianty Almet; Yuni Riwu; Christin Melky

2018-01-01

Objective: The present research was conducted to identify the prevalence of Anisakis sp. as fish-borne zoonoses in Epinephelus sp. in territorial waters of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A total of 50 fish (Epinephelus sp.) were collected from Kupang Fish Market in East Nusa Tenggara. Identification of Anisakis sp. was performed based on morphological observations considering shape of ventriculus, boring tooth, and mucron using binocular microscope. Results: Prev...

Geovisualización del turismo urbano. Roma

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Fabien Girardin

2008-11-01

Este trabajo, presenta la oportunidad emergente que supone el uso y práctica de geo-visualizaciones que permiten revelar el "pulso de una ciudad" con la visualización de los datos espacio-temporales generados gracias a la interacción de las personas con el entorno urbano, para lo cual se georreferencian algunos fenómenos en la ciudad de Roma.

Zoonoses of occupational health importance in contemporary laboratory animal research.

Science.gov (United States)

Hankenson, F Claire; Johnston, Nancy A; Weigler, Benjamin J; Di Giacomo, Ronald F

2003-12-01

In contemporary laboratory animal facilities, workplace exposure to zoonotic pathogens, agents transmitted to humans from vertebrate animals or their tissues, is an occupational hazard. The primary (e.g., macaques, pigs, dogs, rabbits, mice, and rats) and secondary species (e.g., sheep, goats, cats, ferrets, and pigeons) of animals commonly used in biomedical research, as classified by the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, are established or potential hosts for a large number of zoonotic agents. Diseases included in this review are principally those wherein a risk to biomedical facility personnel has been documented by published reports of human cases in laboratory animal research settings, or under reasonably similar circumstances. Diseases are listed alphabetically, and each section includes information about clinical disease, transmission, occurrence, and prevention in animal reservoir species and humans. Our goal is to provide a resource for veterinarians, health-care professionals, technical staff, and administrators that will assist in the design and on-going evaluation of institutional occupational health and safety programs.

[Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic zoonoses prevalent in Chile: count and challenges].

Science.gov (United States)

Mimica, Francisco; Muñoz-Zanzi, Claudia; Torres, Marisa; Padilla, Oslando

2015-10-01

Toxoplasmosis, cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis often found in humans, is transmitted mainly by food and water, and is considered a significant risk of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, newborns and immunocompromised patients. To identify the information about this zoonosis and its first reports in Chile. Review of publications in Pubmed, Mesh search of systematic reviews, case studies, cross-sectional studies, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and specialty publications. In addition, other publications in parasitology journals were analyzed. There are reports of the presence of this disease in Chile for 60 years. During this time several differences in prevalence depending on geographic location, age and education level of the population have been detected. There is low epidemiological vigilance and lack of specific official preventive measures for this disease, despite the possible introduction of new parasite genotypes of an increased virulence and pathogenicity in the country through the importation of meat. New enigmas have arisen in relation to this disease associating it with Alzheimer, Parkinson's disease, autism, learning disabilities, among others.

Lutte contre les zoonoses helminthiques et élimination de ces ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les infections par des parasites du genre Schistosoma et la douve du foie peuvent entraîner des maladies graves, notamment l'anémie, un retard de croissance, la malnutrition, ainsi que le cancer du foie. Les parasites qui causent ces maladies ont des cycles de vie complexes. Ils se transmettent entre humains, animaux ...

Culling and the Common Good: Re-evaluating Harms and Benefits under the One Health Paradigm.

Science.gov (United States)

Degeling, Chris; Lederman, Zohar; Rock, Melanie

2016-11-01

One Health (OH) is a novel paradigm that recognizes that human and non-human animal health is interlinked through our shared environment. Increasingly prominent in public health responses to zoonoses, OH differs from traditional approaches to animal-borne infectious risks, because it also aims to promote the health of animals and ecological systems. Despite the widespread adoption of OH, culling remains a key component of institutional responses to the risks of zoonoses. Using the threats posed by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses to human and animal health, economic activity and food security as a case exemplar, we explore whether culling and other standard control measures for animal-borne infectious disease might be justified as part of OH approaches. Our central premise is that OH requires us to reformulate 'health' as universal good that is best shared across species boundaries such that human health and well-being are contingent upon identifying and meeting the relevant sets of human and non-human interests and shared dependencies. Our purpose is to further nascent discussions about the ethical dimensions of OH and begin to describe the principles around which a public health agenda that truly seeks to co-promote human and non-human health could potentially begin to be implemented.

Infectious threats from exotic pets: dermatological implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosen, Ted; Jablon, Jennifer

2003-04-01

Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. More than 250 distinct zoonoses have been described in the literature. It is estimated that 56% of United States households contain at least one pet, and although considerable research has been performed regarding the more common household animals including dogs, cats, small birds, and rodents, surprisingly little is known about the zoonotic hazards of owning the more exotic pets. According to the 1997 USPHS/IDSA Report on the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the immunocompromised patient should avoid contact with feces-laden soil, litter boxes, reptiles, most pet birds, and any animal less than 6 months old . It has also been documented that because of their inquisitive nature, children are at even higher risk for infection from animals than adolescents or immunocompetent adults. In this article the authors have reviewed the available data regarding hazards associated with the hedgehog, flying squirrel, iguana, chinchilla, and cockatoo. With the growing popularity of such exotic pets, further observation and research is warranted. Physicians need to be aware of the possibility of zoonotic disease related to exotic pet ownership, and they should address this issue when obtaining a history and formulating a differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions suggestive of such illnesses.

BIPOLARIDAD TURÍSTICA EN EUROPA. LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DE DESTINOS MADUROS EN ÉPOCA DE CRISIS

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Mercedes Jiménez García

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación, de carácter exploratorio, se aborda la posible relación entre algunas de las causas de la crisis turística y la respuesta de los diferentes territorios de la UE-28 a la actual crisis. En este sentido, se analiza si ésta ha afectado de manera diferente a las economías turísticamente emergentes frente a destinos europeos turísticamente más consolidados. La confirmación de este hecho lleva a estudiar qué factores determinantes de la demanda turística tienen mayor presencia en cada destino, concluyendo que los factores más relevantes, como los de carácter económico e infraestructural, se encuentran, sobre todo, en las regiones turísticamente más maduras. Esto puede explicar, en parte, que durante la crisis, estas regiones hayan experimentado un descenso de su crecimiento turístico no tan pronunciado como el de las regiones emergentes. Se demuestra así un comportamiento turístico mucho más estable y su consolidación en el sector.

Metafísica y dinámica caótica

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Vicente Aboites

2009-01-01

Full Text Available From an internalist viewpoint for mental states, it is proposed that any dynamical system with coexisting chaotic attractors has an emergent property. This provides a non reductive explanation of mental states and their high sensitivity to noise and initial conditions. If metaphysical terms result from the mental states and these are emergent properties of dynamical systems with coexisting attractors, such as the brain, it is suggested that this may provide a physical explanation of metaphysical concepts. A partir de un enfoque internalista para los estados mentales, se propone que los términos metafísicos son el resultado de estados mentales que, a su vez, son propiedades emergentes de sistemas dinámicos caóticos con atractores coexistentes en el cerebro. Se sugiere que esto proporciona una explicación física para los conceptos metafísicos. Esto se hace a partir de la propuesta de que todos los sistemas dinámicos con atractores coexistentes caóticos, como el cerebro, presentan propiedades emergentes. Obtenemos así una explicación no reductiva de los estados mentales y su alta sensibilidad al ruido y a las condiciones iniciales.

MÉTODO DE PRÉ-CONCENTRAÇÃO E DETERMINAÇÃO DE 17ß- ESTRADIOL: TESTE DE NOVO SORVENTE

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Samara Oliveira Sacht

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Os métodos de monitoramento ambiental para contaminantes emergentes requerem etapa de preparação das amostras para isolar os analitos de interesse. Para tal, a técnica de extração em fase sólida (SPE é a mais utilizada em conjunto com determinações por técnicas cromatográficas. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um método analítico para a determinação da presença e medição das concentrações de um contaminante emergente de ampla ocorrência, o estrogênio 17β-estradiol. Nesta investigação foi testado o uso de um novo sorvente, de hidrofobicidade reduzida, produzido pela imobilização térmica do poli(dimetilsiloxano-co-alquilmetilsiloxano sobre partículas de sílica, Si(PDAS, resultando uma menor hidrofobicidade. Com a metodologia desenvolvida usando o novo sorvente obteve-se recuperações satisfatórias (108±16%, comprovando sua equivalência frente aos sorventes comerciais utilizando um único solvente de baixo custo (metanol na eluição.

Efectos de la crisis financiera internacional sobre la postura fiscal del gobierno colombiano

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Ignacio Lozano

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La quiebra de Lehman Brothers en septiembre de 2008 marcó el comienzode uno de los peores años en la historia de los mercados financierosinternacionales. Este evento también determinó el inicio de la recesión económica mundial que se extenderá por lo menos tres años. Las cifras han confirmado que prácticamente todos los países industrializados, y la mayor parte de los emergentes, entraron en recesión, con graves efectos sobre el empleo y la pobreza, de manera que el colapso que hoy soporta la población mundial se asemeja a la crisis de los años treinta. Este artículo describe la forma como se gestó la crisis en el sistema financiero de los Estados Unidos y se propagó en el resto de las economías industrializadas. En esta entrega también se describen los canales de transmisión de la crisis hacia los mercados emergentes y, en particular, se muestran los primeros efectos sobre las principales economías de América Latina.

Causalidade entre as principais bolsas de valores do mundo

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Hiron Pereira Farias

2010-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os mercados dos países emergentes que fazem parte do Bric, com exceção da Índia, buscando mostrar como os mercados do Brasil, da Rússia e China se comportam entre si e em relação ao mercado dos Estados Unidos. Analisou-se também como alguns países desenvolvidos do grupo G8, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Japão, se comportam. Em cada análise, ajustou-se um modelo VAR e buscou-se verificar o grau de dependência dentro e entre cada grupo, utilizando teste de causalidade de Granger, critérios de seleção de modelos, função resposta a impulso e decomposição da variância do erro de previsão. Nas análises realizadas, os mercados brasileiro e americano mostraram forte influência sobre os demais mercados, e, na análise entre os grupos, consideraram-se o mercado dos Estados Unidos do grupo ERJ e todos os mercados emergentes do grupo BRC. O mercado americano mostrou forte influência sobre os outros mercados.

Toward One Health: are public health stakeholders aware of the field of animal health?

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Fernanda C. Dórea

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Motivated by the perception that human and veterinary medicines can cooperate in more ways than just fighting zoonoses, the authors organized a roundtable during the 2013 annual meeting of the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS. Collaborations between human and animal health sectors were reported to often rise in response to zoonotic outbreaks (during crisis time and be mainly based on personal networks. Ways to maintain and strengthen these links were discussed.

A systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Vietnam

OpenAIRE

Ng-Nguyen, Dinh; Stevenson, Mark A.; Traub, Rebecca J.

2017-01-01

Taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis have been ranked as the most important food-borne parasites of humans in terms of public health, socioeconomic and trade impact. Despite this, information on these food-borne zoonoses in Vietnam is scarce and fragmented, and many local reports remain inaccessible to the international research community. This study aims to conduct comprehensive literature searches to report on the incidence and estimate the true prevalence of taeniasis in humans and ...

Toward One Health: are public health stakeholders aware of the field of animal health?

Science.gov (United States)

Dórea, Fernanda C; Dupuy, Céline; Vial, Flavie; Reynolds, Tera L; Akkina, Judy E

2014-01-01

Motivated by the perception that human and veterinary medicines can cooperate in more ways than just fighting zoonoses, the authors organized a roundtable during the 2013 annual meeting of the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS). Collaborations between human and animal health sectors were reported to often rise in response to zoonotic outbreaks (during crisis time) and be mainly based on personal networks. Ways to maintain and strengthen these links were discussed.

Tuberculous and tuberculoid lesions in free living small terrestrial mammals and the risk of infection to humans and animals: a review

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Skorič, M.; Shitaye, E. J.; Halouzka, R.; Fictum, P.; Trčka, I.; Heroldová, Marta; Tkadlec, Emil; Pavlík, I.

2007-01-01

Roč. 52, č. 4 (2007), s. 144-161 ISSN 0375-8427 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/04/2003 Grant - others:MZE(CZ) 1B53009 Program:1B Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : bovine tuberculosis * paratuberculosis * avian tuberculosis * mycobacteriosis * terrestrial mammals * zoonoses Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 0.645, year: 2007 http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/52-4-144.pdf

Utilización del conocimiento tácito por proveedores de atención a la salud materna: mapeo sistemático de la literatura

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Emmanuel Calderón Espinosa

2016-03-01

Conclusiones: Este mapeo muestra que el conocimiento tácito es un enfoque de investigación emergente, innovador y versátil, con mayores avances en los países de ingresos altos, y que encierra interesantes posibilidades de utilización como evidencia para mejorar las intervenciones en salud materna, especialmente en los países de ingresos medios y bajos, donde se requiere fortalecerlo.

¿Podemos predecir en algoritmos paralelos no deterministas?

OpenAIRE

Fritzsche, Paula Cecilia

2007-01-01

¿Podemos predecir en algoritmos paralelos no deterministas? Sí, es posible. A lo largo de este documento se demostrará esta afirmación. La evaluación científica de algoritmos para solucionar todo tipo de problemas es uno de los puntos clave en ciencias de la computación. En el terreno de ciencia computacional (una disciplina emergente) continuamente surgen nuevos desafíos.

A DANÇA E OS INDIVÍDUOS PORTADORES DE LESÃO MEDULAR

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Arabel Issa Vieira

1997-01-01

Full Text Available A inclusão de indivíduos portadores de lesão medular no universo artístico da dança tornou-se possível a partir dos paradigmas emergentes da modernidade e pós-modernidade. Neste processo, fica evidente o aspecto universal da dança e a sua importância para o desenvolvimento do ser humano.

Identidade, status e instituições internacionais: o caso do Brasil, da Índia e do tratado de não proliferação Identity, status and international institutions: the case of Brazil, India and the non-proliferation treaty

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Oliver Stuenkel

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A fim de se entender como podemos explicar o comportamento das potências emergentes diante das instituições internacionais, este artigo analisa o caso de Brasil, Índia e do Tratado de Não Proliferação com maior profundidade e mostrar que nem os realistas nem os institucionalistas liberais podem explicar plenamente o comportamento de ambos os países. Argumenta-se, no artigo, que status e identidade, ambos amplamente negligenciados pelo realismo e pelo liberalismo, desempenham um papel-chave. Tanto o Brasil quanto a Índia compartilham uma convicção fundamental de que são "grandes potências" (ou estão no caminho de se tornarem uma, e sua decisão de integrar uma instituição particular depende da habilidade dessa instituição em conferir um status às potências emergentes que seja compatível com a identidade das potências emergentes. Como mostra o exemplo do TNP, status e identidade superam outros determinantes mais comumente aceitos para o comportamento dos Estados, como as preocupações com segurança.In order to understand how we can explain rising powers' behavior towards international institutions, this article analyzes the case of Brazil, India and the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT in more depth and shows that neither realists nor liberal institutionalists can fully explain both countries' behavior. In the article it is argued that status and identity, both largely overlooked by realism and liberalism, play a key role. Both Brazil and India share a fundamental conviction that they are 'great powers' (or on their way to becoming one, and their decision to integrate into a particular institution depends on this institutions' ability to confer status on the emerging powers that is compatible with the rising powers' identity. As the example of the NPT shows, status and identity override other, more commonly accepted determinants for states' behavior such as security concerns.

Desenvolvimento desigual na era do conhecimento: a participação dos BRICS na produção científica e tecnológica mundial

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Luis Fernandes

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O relativo declínio econômico das atuais potências na geoeconomia mundial acentuou a noção de que estamos em meio a um processo de mudança, com a ascensão das chamadas economias emergentes, conhecidas pelo acrônimo BRICS. Quais são os determinantes de um desenvolvimento diferenciado dos BRICS frente às potências centrais, aos demais países periféricos, e entre os próprios integrantes do grupo? O seu ritmo de desenvolvimento é sustentado no longo prazo? Quais são os seus entraves e o impacto da sua ascensão para a governança econômica global? Partimos da premissa de que, na era do conhecimento, ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I têm importância estratégica no processo de desenvolvimento qualitativo e sustentado de longo prazo dos países. Este artigo examina o processo de concentração e difusão da produção de riqueza mundial em termos do PIB/Poder Paritário de Compra ao longo do século XX e início do século XXI, verificando em que medida ele foi acompanhado na evolução da produção científica e tecnológica mundial. Apontamos que, ao aumento relativo da participação das potências emergentes no PIB/PPC mundial, segue-se, com delaye ritmos distintos, o incremento na participação desses países na produção e detenção de conhecimento. Esta última dimensão - a da proteção de direitos de propriedade sobre o conhecimento gerado, a partir de processos de patenteamento - continua altamente concentrada nas potências centrais, especialmente nos Estados Unidos, apesar de significativos avanços nas economias emergentes, especialmente na China.

In memoriam: Adriano Mantovani, DVM, 1926-2012, One of the world’s most prominent contributors to veterinary public health and a committed advocate of the importance of One Medicine

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Anon.

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Adriano Mantovani was born in 1926 in Altedo, Malalbergo (Bologna. After graduating in veterinary medicine from Bologna University in 1948, he gained his Masters in public health from the University of Minnesota in 1952 and qualified to lecture in microbiology and immunology in 1957 and in parasitology in 1963.He held numerous positions over the years: Assistant, Aide and Vice‐Director of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Teramo(1949‐1962, Researcher at the Faculty of Medicine in Rome (1962-1965, Professor of Infectious Diseases, Prophylaxis and Veterinary Police Work at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bologna, Director of the Institute of the same name (1965-1982 and Research Manager and Director of the Parasitology Laboratory at the Italian National Institute of Health and the WHO/FAO Collaboration Centre for Veterinary Public Health in Rome (1983-1991.He was active in numerous national and international organisations, including as a member of the National Health Council (1974-1982, Secretary of the World Federation of Parasitologists (1971-1987 and from 1972 President, Vice President or presenter in various WHO, FAO and OIE working groups. He worked in numerous countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and North America as an expert, presenter and lecturer. From 1978, the year in which the Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Plan was established, he was one of the major collaborators of the WHO Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Centre in Athens (MZCC. In 1989, he was the first Italian to be awarded the OIE’s international award for contributions to veterinary public health and in 2001 was publicly recognised by the MZCC for his many years of activities carried out to support the zoonoses control plan and promote well-being in the Mediterranean. He had been a member of the Italian National Guard’s Commission for Predicting and Preventing Great Risks since 1994. In 2002, he was presented with the Italian Parasitology

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis among febrile patients in a rapidly growing suburban slum and a flood-vulnerable rural district in Mozambique, 2012â2014: Implications for the management of fever

OpenAIRE

Policarpo Ribeiro; Nilesh Bhatt; Sádia Ali; Vanessa Monteiro; Edmilson da Silva; Ilana Teruszkin Balassiano; Carolina Aquino; Nilsa de Deus; Onelia Guiliche; Argentina Felisbela Muianga; Pascoal Jorge Alho; Virginia Lara Evaristo; Ivan Manhiça; Marco Medeiros; Eduardo Samo Gudo

2017-01-01

Objective: Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world and is caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. In Mozambique, the disease is largely ignored and its epidemiology is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of leptospirosis in febrile patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between July 2012 and September 2015 among febrile patients. A total of 373 paired serum samples were drawn from febrile patients; 208 we...

Climate variability and change in the United States: potential impacts on vector- and rodent-borne diseases.

OpenAIRE

Gubler, D J; Reiter, P; Ebi, K L; Yap, W; Nasci, R; Patz, J A

2001-01-01

Diseases such as plague, typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever, transmitted between humans by blood-feeding arthropods, were once common in the United States. Many of these diseases are no longer present, mainly because of changes in land use, agricultural methods, residential patterns, human behavior, and vector control. However, diseases that may be transmitted to humans from wild birds or mammals (zoonoses) continue to circulate in nature in many parts of the country. Most vector...

La migrazione del chagas: Costruzione bio-medica e socio-politica delle malattie tropicali dimenticate

OpenAIRE

Ciannameo, Anna

2014-01-01

Questo studio propone un'esplorazione dei nessi tra processi migratori ed esperienze di salute e malattia a partire da un'indagine sulle migrazioni provenienti dall'America latina in Emilia-Romagna. Contemporaneamente indaga i termini del dibattito sulla diffusione della Malattia di Chagas, “infezione tropicale dimenticata” endemica in America centro-meridionale che, grazie all'incremento dei flussi migratori transnazionali, viene oggi riconfigurata come 'emergente' in alcuni contesti di imm...

Percepção dos alunos de ensino fundamental sobre guarda responsável de animais após um programa de educação no sul do Brasil

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Graziela Ribeiro da Cunha

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The impact of responsible ownership programs with the goal of promoting public health remains to be fully established in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the responsible pet ownership perception of public elementary school students and teachers after a four-year outreach educational program in the city of Pinhais, Southern Brazil. Questionnaires were distributed for self-answer by fourth-grade students and teachers of all city public elementary schools. A total of 1,022/1,332 students (76.7% referred participated in the program. No significant differences were observed between participating and non-participating groups regarding the concepts of responsible ownership (p = 0.88, zoonoses (p = 0.09 and animal welfare (p = 0.94. However, the frequency of correct answers on responsible ownership and zoonoses concepts was significantly higher (p 2 times (144/165; 87.3% and 64/151; 42.4%, respectively. It was also significantly higher (p 10 years (158/180; 87.8% in the first concept. Although most teachers approved the continuing program (128/137; 93.4%, they reported low rates on training participation (41/137; 29.9% and use of available teaching materials (78/137; 26.9%. The study has shown that perception of responsible pet ownership in outreach education programs may be more easily absorbed by children under ten years of age and up to two participations.

Who's worried about turkeys? How 'organisational silos' impede zoonotic disease surveillance.

Science.gov (United States)

Jerolmack, Colin

2013-02-01

Though emerging infectious diseases ignore boundaries between species, the agencies that respond to them do not. Based on interviews with state and federal epidemiologists, veterinarians, and physicians and on case studies of disease events, this article examines how the jurisdictional and cultural divides that exist among human and animal health agencies hinder efforts to successfully contain species-jumping diseases (zoonoses). I argue that newly emergent zoonoses make these agencies' organisational cultures function as silos because the institutionalised thinking and practices developed to address the diseases that traditionally concerned each agency constrain members from building the inter-organisational bridges required to manage the latest 'hybrid' diseases. The silo effect is evident both across the human-animal health divide and within the landscape of animal health, as agencies that monitor livestock and wildlife follow distinct and sometimes competing agendas. The article also touches on moments of inter-agency cooperation in order to specify how health practitioners can begin making connections between 'organisational silos'. This article encourages sociologists of health to explore the crucial link between animal and human health; and it introduces the concept of organisational silos to capture the relational dilemmas that arise when a 'hybrid' problem systemically links agencies with disparate organisational cultures. © 2012 The Author. Sociology of Health & Illness © 2012 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness/Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Europe's neglected infections of poverty.

Science.gov (United States)

Hotez, Peter J; Gurwith, Meredith

2011-09-01

To review the prevalence, incidence, and geographic distribution of the major neglected infections of poverty in Europe as a basis for future policy recommendations. We reviewed the literature from 1999 to 2010 for neglected tropical diseases listed by PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (http://www.plosntds.org/static/scope.action) and the geographic regions and countries of (continental) Europe. Reference lists of identified articles and reviews were also hand searched, as were World Health Organization databases. In Eastern Europe, the soil-transmitted helminth infections (especially ascariasis, trichuriasis, and toxocariasis), giardiasis, and toxoplasmosis remain endemic. High incidence rates of selected food-borne helminthiases including trichinellosis, opisthorchiasis, taeniasis, and echinococcosis also occur, while brucellosis and leptospirosis represent important bacterial zoonoses. Turmoil and economic collapse following the war in the Balkans, the fall of Communism, and Europe's recent recession have helped to promote their high prevalence and incidence rates. In Southern Europe, vector-borne zoonoses have emerged, including leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, and key arboviral infections. Additional vulnerable populations include the Roma, orphans destined for international adoption, and some immigrant groups. Among the policy recommendations are increased efforts to determine the prevalence, incidence, and geographic distribution of Europe's neglected infections, epidemiological studies to understand the ecology and mechanisms of disease transmission, and research and development for new control tools. Copyright © 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Candida não albicans como patogénicos emergentes

OpenAIRE

Vieira, Francisca Moreira Raposo de Mello

2016-01-01

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz As espécies do género Candida, comensais no Homem, podem tornar-se patogénicas quando existe um desequilíbrio na resposta do sistema imunitário, desencadeando infecções superficiais ou sistémicas. Embora Candida albicans (C. albicans) seja considerada a espécie com maior patogenicidade, dados epidemiológicos apontam para a emergência das espécies de Candida não-albicans (CNA), nomeadamente em ...

COMPLEJIDAD AMBIENTAL: PROPUESTAS ÉTICAS EMERGENTES DEL PENSAMIENTO AMBIENTAL LATINOAMERICANO

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Noguera de Echeverri Ana Patricia

2008-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, se recogen las propuestas ético ambientales más importantes de la Escuela de Pensamiento Ambiental Latinoamericano, que ha ido construyéndose desde hace 30 años. Se destacan autores de primera línea en el campo de la construcción de Pensamiento Ambiental filosófico, como el Filósofo y Pensador Colombiano, de trascendencia latinoamericana, Augusto Ángel Maya, quien plantea la posibilidad de construir una Filosofía Ambiental Ético estética, dado que la Filosofía Moderna ha sido Metafísica, aún en sus corrientes empiristas, positivistas y neopositivistas. Se destaca la obra de Enrique Leff, mexicano, que propone los conceptos de Complejidad y Saber Ambiental, como puntos de partida de una ética en la educación, la ciencia y la tecnología, dentro de unas relaciones sistémicas y holísticas. Igualmente la propuesta ético estética compleja de Julio Carrizoza, colombiano, se hace presente en este ensayo, como una propuesta política fundamental ante problemas colombianos como son la violencia y la exclusión. Las propuestas de Filósofos colombianos de gran importancia en el campo de la Filosofía Política y Moral, que han desembocado en la propuesta de una Ética Ambiental, Pública y Comunicativa, como es el caso de Guillermo Hoyos Vásquez y de otros pensadores tanto de Colombia como de otros países latinoamericanos, se presentan en este espacio, con el fin de recoger de manera crítica nuestras ideas acerca de la posibilidad de una ética ambiental, es decir una ética descentrada, sin sujeto y sin objeto, una ética sistémica, donde los valores se construyen en las relaciones y donde la intricada trama de la vida, que ha venido construyéndose desde hace más de 2.500 millones de años, y de la cual somos meros hilos, pasa de ser objeto a ser valor primero en su más genuino sentido.

La ciudadanía emergente y sus síntomas

OpenAIRE

Alguacil, Julio

2014-01-01

Cuando hablamos de ciudadanía nos estamos refiriendo a un proceso y, por lo tanto, a una dinámica social, en sentido histórico, de cambio y de movimiento. Pero la ciudadanía es un proceso que tiene un objetivo que no es otro que la construcción de una condición: la de ciudadano. El ciudadano es el sujeto que tiene derechos y deberes políticos y en consecuencia responsabilidad sobre la gobernabilidad de una ciudad, de una nación, de un estado. Originariamente la polis es el lugar ocupado (el h...

233. Explante emergente de una corevalve por leak grave objetivo

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F. Gomera

2012-04-01

Conclusiones: La implantación de TAVI está demostrando ser una buena opción para el tratamiento de la estenosis aórtica grave no susceptible de sustitución quirúrgica. Sin embargo, está terapia aún está lejos de estar libre de complicaciones que requieran cirugía urgente de rescate.

Contaminantes orgânicos emergentes nos ambientes produtos farmacêuticos

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Cartagena, Claudio

2011-01-01

Waste materials from pharmaceutical products are an environmental problem due to their persistence and distribution in water, soil, air and food. The use of those products in hospitals, veterinarian clinics and homes, increase their discharges and also those of their transformation products into the environment and their toxicity affects life in ecosystems. The development of sample treatment methods and instrumental analysis techniques have allowed their low concentr...

Regional insertion: an emergent approach; Insercao regional: uma abordagem emergente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Serra, M T.F.; Nascimento Teixeira, P do [ELETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Meio Ambiente

1990-12-31

The Brazilian Electrical Sector incorporates new variables that expressing the extensive spectrum of environmental impacts in the take of decisions, referring to the viability of realizing a electrical undertaking, attends the several restrictions that are important by the sector and by the society in the environment area and promotes the adequate generation of liquid benefits, consequential of the electrical undertaking. Due to these factors, the Electrical Sector is improving the concept of regional insertion, with the sectorial expansion in long-dated and the created demand in the environmental and social area, focalizing the solution for these questions. (C.G.C.). 1 fig, 2 tabs.

Exploración de diferencias de género en los predictores de dominio general y específico de las habilidades matemáticas tempranas

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Estíbaliz Aragón Mendizábal

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en el estudio de las diferencias de género en el conocimiento matemático temprano y en sus variables predictoras en 200 alumnos de 5 años de edad. Se evaluaron como variables de dominio general: alfabetización emergente, inteligencia fluida, memoria de trabajo y a corto plazo y funciones ejecutivas. Los contrastes estadísticos no arrojaron diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas. El análisis discriminante no mostró un patrón característico en función del género. Sin embargo, el análisis de regresión lineal por pasos indicó que aunque la alfabetización emergente y la inteligencia fluida explicaron la variación en el conocimiento matemático en niños(as, la tercera variable explicativa fue la memoria a corto plazo para las niñas y la memoria de trabajo en niños. Se concluye que las diferencias de género no fueron estadísticamente significativas en relación a las variables predictoras de dominio general y específico en las habilidades matemáticas tempranas.

Avaliação clínica e micológica de onicomicose em pacientes brasileiros com HIV/AIDS

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Idalina Inês Fonsêca Nogueira Cambuim

2011-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Onicomicoses são comuns em pacientes imunocomprometidos embora espécies emergentes tenham sido verificadas, modificado o perfil epidemiológico desta micose. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar o perfil clínico e micológico da onicomicose em pacientes com infecção pelo HIV/AIDS. MÉTODOS: Amostras clínicas foram coletadas, processados para exame direto e a cultura mantida a temperatura de 30°C e 37ºC durante 15 dias. RESULTADOS: Dos 100 pacientes, 32 apresentavam onicomicose. Os agentes isolados foram Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Fusarium solani, Scytalidium hialinum, S. japonicum, Aspergillus niger, Cylindrocarpon destructans e Phialophora reptans. CONCLUSÕES: Onicomicoses em HIV/AIDS apresentam variadas manifestações clínicas e podem ser causadas por fungos emergentes. As peculiaridades apresentadas pelos diferentes agentes de origem fúngica justificam a necessidade de identificação ao nível da espécie, com a finalidade de orientar uma melhor abordagem terapêutica e minimizar a exposição desses pacientes a condições de risco de uma infecção disseminada.

FLUXOS DE CAPITAL NO BRASIL PÃS-PLANO REAL

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Horst Dieter Möller

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho focaliza os fluxos de capital no Brasil pós-Plano Real sob os problemas da globalização financeira para mercados emergentes. A volatilidade dos fluxos de capital no Brasil sob crises cambiais e bancárias em mercados emergentes, começando com a crise mexicana em 1994/95, é analisada sob as perspectivas de ocorrências de reversões expressivas em tempos de crise e da influência das reversões sobre a eclosão das crises no Brasil. A análise econométrica mostra que a volatilidade dos fluxos de capital é diferente em seus segmentos, maior no segmento dos outros investimentos e nos investimentos em carteira do que nos investimentos diretos. Houve também reversões significativas em todos os segmentos em conseqüência das crises. Nesse sentido, os fluxos de capital trazem, em geral, benefícios para a economia nacional, mas podem também piorar expressivamente a situação econômica do país em tempos de crise.

Morfopedologia e fragilidade ambiental nos setores de fundos de vale da área periurbana da cidade de Marechal Cândido Rondon - Paraná / Morphopedology and environmental fragility in the valley bottom in the periurban area of Marechal Candido Rondon city

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Anderson Sandro da Rocha

2012-11-01

Full Text Available A presente pesquisa, desenvolvida na área periurbana da cidade de Marechal Cândido Rondon, região oeste do estado do Paraná, busca compreender e analisar a condição morfopedológica e a fragilidade ambiental dos fundos de vale do terço superior da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Guavirá. Com base nos preceitos teóricos e metodológicos da análise estrutural da cobertura pedológica e da análise das fragilidades potencial e emergente, foram desenvolvidos trabalhos de gabinete (elaboração de cartas de uso do solo, declividade, solo e fragilidade; campo (levantamento topográfico e pedológico e laboratório (análises físicas e químicas. Os resultados de tais procedimentos permitiram compreender a interação dos elementos naturais e antrópicos que compõem a estrutura geoecológica da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Guavirá, a partir dos quais foi possível identificar as fragilidades potenciais e emergentes dos setores de fundos de vale, particularmente subsidiadas pelo conhecimento da organização e distribuição dos solos.

北海道におけるBorrelia spp.の伝播に対する鹿の役割 [全文の要約

OpenAIRE

李, 景利

2014-01-01

The intent of this research was to describe the role of deer in the transmission of different species of Borrelia spp. Sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) are the hosts of ticks of various species and stages in Hokkaido. Deer overpopulation has caused problems with forestry and agricultural production. The potential of deer involvement in zoonoses is also being watched. In this study, deer caught in the nuisance control scheme and ticks collected from deer and the field were tested to detect ...

[Endemic situation and control progress of taeniasis in western China].

Science.gov (United States)

Long, Chang-Ping; Qian, Ying-Jun; Li, Tiao-Ying; Fu, Qing; Wang, Qiang; Xiao, Ning

2014-06-01

Taeniasis, caused by Taenia species, is one of the common zoonoses in China, particularly in the western region of China. Up to now, not enough attention has been given in the high prevalence and high burden of the diseases. In order to study the endemic patterns and control strategies of taeniasis, a series of epidemiological investigations, molecular researches and pilot control activities have been conducted in recent years. This paper reviews the relevant publications in taeniasis research over the last 10 years.

CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS

OpenAIRE

Gutierrez, Clara Nancy; Perez Yabarra, Luis; agrela, Irma Fatima

2016-01-01

La ehrlichiosis canina es una enfermedad infecciosa emergente transmitida por garrapatas, producida por Ehrlichia spp. (Proteobacteria: Ricketsiales), la cual afecta a miembros de la familia Canidae. Los agentes etiológicos son bacterias Gram negativas, intracelulares obligatorias, redondeadas y pleomórficas, esto último especialmente en cultivos celulares. Estas bacterias se localizan en vacuolas rodeadas de membranas (mórulas) en el citoplasma de células sanguíneas y dependiendo de la espec...

Post-Human and Scientific Research: How Engineering Carried Out the Project

OpenAIRE

Giampaolo Ghilardi; Dino Accoto

2014-01-01

Despues de haber propuesto una definicion del concepto de robot, pasamos a considerar cuales son los objetivos legitimos de una robotica epistemologicamente coherente. Se analizan las nuevas y emergentes tecnologias roboticas y las consecuencias que han tenido en campo biomedico e industrial, con particular atencion a los efectos que tienen estas novedades en relacion con el concepto de inteligencia. En particular, como la nueva sensoristica, permitiendo la construccion de extero-ceptive syst...

NEUROSOCIEDAD EN PERSPECTIVA COMPLEJA.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar J. Fernández Galíndez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Las neurociencias devienen en paradigma emergente, visto este como cosmovisión, la cual contribuye en configurar un nuevo estado postindividual y por consiguiente junto a otros, ayuda a entender las relaciones culturales derivadas no solo de las neurociencias sino del pensamiento cibernético el cual desde la interface “inteligencia artificial”, contribuye a demarcar un nuevo orden y una nueva realidad, que es y no es plural.

Bioindicadores de la calidad del suelo: herramienta metodológica para la evaluación de la eficacia de un proceso fitorremediador

OpenAIRE

Garbisu Crespo, Carlos; Becerril Soto, José María; Epelde, Lur; Alkorta Calvo, Itziar

2007-01-01

La fitorremediación es una tecnología emergente que utiliza plantas y microorganismos asociados para descontaminar suelos, aire, sedimentos, y aguas. Esta fitotecnología se basa en la capacidad de algunas especies vegetales para tolerar, absorber, acumular y degradar compuestos contaminantes. El objetivo último de un proceso fitorremediador de suelos contaminados no debe ser solamente eliminar el contaminante sino sobre todo recuperar la calidad del suelo, entendida ésta como la capa...

Occupational zoonoses in zoo and wildlife veterinarians in India: A review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. B. Chethan Kumar

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Zoos and biological parks are considered as a hub for public ecreation and education. This is highlighted by the fact that visitors to the zoos are increasing year by year and they generate sizeable revenue. Veterinary professionals play a pivotal role in health management of wild animals in zoos and biological parks. Since veterinarians work in close contact with wild animals, there is a potential risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases from wild animals to humans and vice versa. There are approximately 1415 infectious agents causing diseases in humans, out of which 868 (61% are known to be zoonotic in nature. It is also important to note that more than 70% of the emerging zoonotic diseases have wild animals as reservoir hosts. The major zoonotic diseases that are transmitted from wild animals to humans include rabies, anthrax, leptospirosis, Q-fever, psittacosis, hendra virus, nipah virus, herpes B encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, etc. Hence, it is imperative for veterinarians and zoo staff to be fully aware of the knowledge pertaining to the source, transmission, pathogenicity, treatment and control of zoonotic diseases. In this manuscript, we provide key information regarding zoonotic diseases and also recommend important measures for their control and prevention. The information provided here will be highly beneficial for personnel who work in close association with wild animals

Occupational health hazards in veterinary medicine: Zoonoses and other biological hazards

Science.gov (United States)

Epp, Tasha; Waldner, Cheryl

2012-01-01

This study describes biological hazards reported by veterinarians working in western Canada obtained through a self-administered mailed questionnaire. The potential occupational hazards included as biological hazards were zoonotic disease events, exposure to rabies, injuries due to bites and scratches, and allergies. Only 16.7% (136/812) of responding veterinarians reported the occurrence of a zoonosis or exposure to rabies in the past 5 years; the most commonly reported event was ringworm. Most bites and scratches (86%) described by 586 veterinarians involved encounters with cats; 81% of the resulting 163 infections were due to cat bites or scratches. Approximately 38% of participants reported developing an allergy during their career, with 41% of the affected individuals altering the way they practiced in response to their allergy. PMID:22851775

Occurrence of risk factors for zoonoses in Kisumu City, Kenya: A ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: To determine the occurrence of risk factors amongst farmers keeping livestock in Kisumu municipality, Kenya. Methods: Thirty four contact house-holds involved in livestock keeping constituted the study group. The head of the household was interviewed using a structured questionnaire relating to public health ...

El sistema de innovación design_driven como modelo estratégico y la propuesta de política nacional de diseño para Chile 2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katherine Mollenhauer

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Durante el primer semestre de 2007 la autora en su calidad de Coordinadora Ejecutiva de la Comisión participó en la creación de una Propuesta de Política Nacional de Diseño para Chile. La propuesta fue presentada al Ministro de Economía de la época Sr. Alejandro Ferreiro, el 27 de julio del mismo año, en el evento MIPYME DISEÑA bajo el lema “Innovar, Crecer, Competir”. Esta propuesta de política pública se articuló teniendo como base conceptual y metodológica el Sistema de Innovación Design_driven (SID_d, modelo estratégico e instrumental que permite mapear y articular los habilitantes de una política de Innovación Design_driven. El SID_d está constituido por los actores, las actuaciones, los proyectos, la dimensión espacio-temporal, el modelamiento de procesos de Innovación Design_driven genera un sistema clasificatorio que permite caracterizar –al menos– tres tipologías: 1 SID_d nivel avanzado, 2 SID_d nivel intermedio y 3 SID_d nivel emergente. Por otra parte, este modelo como instrumento estratégico permite visualizar un modelo ideal para países en vías de desarrollo y es útil como referente para la propuesta de estrategias que fortalezcan el desarrollo, proyección y consolidación del Diseño en SID_d del tipo emergente. Este modelo fue desarrollado por la autora como resultado de su trabajo de tesis doctoral entre los años 2004 y 2006 y considera los resultados de la investigación realizada sobre cuatro casos europeos, España, Portugal, Italia y Finlandia, en los cuales el Diseño es parte del Sistema Nacional de Innovación. Este artículo explica la configuración del Sistema de Innovación Design_Driven (SID_d como modelo estratégico base para el desarrollo del Diseño en países emergentes y revisa los principales componentes de la citada propuesta de Política Nacional de Diseño.

SUSPICIOUS POST

CERN Multimedia

Relations with the Host States Service

2001-01-01

If you receive a suspicious letter or package in the post, please do not open it and contact the Fire Brigade Tel. 74444. They will contact the CERN Medical Service. This is especially important in today's current situation with regard to the Anthrax scare. For further information, the Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the International Organisations in Geneva recommends the following web sites:   http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/cf/brennpunkt/03.html http://www.who.int/emc-documents/zoonoses/whoemczdi986c.html

Caracterização molecular dos fatores de transmissão/patogenicidade e tipagem de cepas de Yersinia pestis isoladas no foco do Nordeste do Brasil

OpenAIRE

Silveira Filho, Vladimir da Mota

2012-01-01

A peste, zoonose causada pela bactéria Yersinia pestis, continua sendo uma ameaça mundial. Como outras enfermidades relacionadas à pobreza, a peste é considerada uma doença negligenciada nos países tropicais, incluindo Brasil, onde ainda há detecção sorológica de atividade pestosa em animais-sentinela nos focos naturais. A ausência de uma vacina segura/efetiva, o surgimento de cepas multirresistentes e a possibilidade de seu uso como arma biológica aumentaram o interesse nos...

Avaliação da presença de fungos em amostras de leite cru e estudo da susceptibilidade destes microrganismos às relações temperatura/tempo empregadas nos processos de pasteurização e fervura

OpenAIRE

Monica Ruz-Peres

2005-01-01

O presente trabalho foi delineado considerando-se a importância de fungos filamentosos e leveduras, os quais estão associados a diversas patologias no homem e animais. Deve-se considerar ainda que o leite e seus derivados lácteos contaminados com estes microrganismos podem constituir potenciais vias de transmissão de zoonoses a eles relacionados. Foram analisadas amostras de leite cru dos tipos A, B e C colhidas nas próprias propriedades leiteiras, bem como amostras de leite comercializado di...

As Representações Sociais sobre Cuidados Paliativos sob a Ótica de Enfermeiros/ Social Representations on Palliative Care on the Perspective of Nurses

OpenAIRE

José Vitor da Silva; Matheus Henrique Cardoso; Miranda, Jorge Leonardo Narcy; Lúcia Helena Rocha Vilela

2013-01-01

Objetivos: identificar as características pessoais e profissionais dos enfermeiros que atuam nas diversas unidades de saúde de Itajubá, MG; conhecer os significados de cuidados paliativos emergentes dos enfermeiros; identificar a atuação destes profissionais frente aos pacientes com necessidades de cuidados paliativos, bem como conhecer os seus sentimentos ao prestarem assistência aos pacientes com necessidades de cuidados paliativos. Materiais e métodos: o estudo foi de abordagem qualitativa...

BRONQUIOLITIS RESPIRATORIA Y NEUMONÍA DESCAMATIVA ASOCIADA A FUNGEMIA POR TRICHOSPORON ASAHII EN INMUNOCOMPETENTE: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO

OpenAIRE

BASTIDAS, ALIRIO R.; PANTOJA, JAIME A.; MUNAR, MARÍA A.; GIRALDO, LUIS F.; YURGAKI, JAMES

2016-01-01

Trichosporon asahii es un hongo patógeno emergente reportado en la literatura médica principalmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. No obstante, el presente caso es inusual debido a que se trata de un paciente adulto joven inmunocompetente que presentó fungemia por T. asahii y al mismo tiempo desarrolló insuficiencia respiratoria aguda por bronquiolitis respiratoria y neumonía descamativa, la cual resolvió posterior al tratamiento antimicótico instaurado, soporte ventilatorio y vigilancia e...