Yttrium-90 microspheres for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Geschwind, Jean Francois H; Salem, Riad; Carr, Brian I; Soulen, Michael C; Thurston, Kenneth G; Goin, Kathleen A; Van Buskirk, Mark; Roberts, Carol A; Goin, James E

2004-11-01

Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely difficult to treat. TheraSphere consists of yttrium-90 (a pure beta emitter) microspheres, which are injected into the hepatic arteries. This article reviews the safety and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with yttrium-90 microspheres. Eighty patients were selected from a database of 108 yttrium-90 microsphere-treated patients and were staged by using Child-Pugh, Okuda, and Cancer of the Liver Italian Program scoring systems. Patients were treated with local, regional, and whole-liver approaches. Survival from first treatment was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Adverse events and complications of treatment were coded by using the Southwest Oncology Group toxicity scoring system. Patients received liver doses ranging from 47 to 270 Gy. Thirty-two patients (40%) received more than 1 treatment. Survival correlated with pretreatment Cancer of the Liver Italian Program scores ( P = .002), as well as with the individual Cancer of the Liver Italian Program components, Child-Pugh class, alpha-fetoprotein levels, and percentage of tumor replacement. Patients classified as Okuda stage I (n = 54) and II (n = 26) had median survival durations and 1-year survival rates of 628 days and 63%, and 384 days and 51%, respectively ( P = .02). One patient died of liver failure judged as possibly related to treatment. Thus, in selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, yttrium-90 microsphere treatment is safe and well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a randomized controlled trial is warranted comparing yttrium-90 microsphere treatment with transarterial chemoembolization by using the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program system for prospective stratified randomization.

Yttrium-90

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ammerich, Marc; Frot, Patricia; Gambini, Denis-Jean; Gauron, Christine; Moureaux, Patrick; Herbelet, Gilbert; Lahaye, Thierry; Pihet, Pascal; Rannou, Alain; Vial, Eric

2013-03-01

This sheet belongs to a collection which relates to the use of radionuclides essentially in unsealed sources. Its goal is to gather on a single document the most relevant information as well as the best prevention practices to be implemented. These sheets are made for the persons in charge of radiation protection: users, radioprotection-skill persons, labor physicians. Each sheet treats of: 1 - the radio-physical and biological properties; 2 - the main uses; 3 - the dosimetric parameters; 4 - the measurement; 5 - the protection means; 6 - the areas delimitation and monitoring; 7 - the personnel classification, training and monitoring; 8 - the effluents and wastes; 9 - the authorization and declaration administrative procedures; 10 - the transport; and 11 - the right conduct to adopt in case of incident or accident. This sheet deals specifically with Yttrium-90

Yttrium 90 microspheres for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Memon, Khairuddin; Lewandowski, Robert J; Riaz, Ahsun; Salem, Riad

2013-01-01

Yttrium-90 microspheres are radioactive particles which are increasingly being employed for treating patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The procedure is called radioembolization. It involves the injection of micron-sized embolic particles loaded with a radioisotope by use of transarterial techniques. Because of the sensitivity of liver parenchyma and relative insensitivity of tumor, external radiation has played a limited role in treating HCC. (90)Y administered via arterial route directs the highly concentrated radiation to the tumor while healthy liver parenchyma is relatively spared due to its preferential blood supply from portal venous blood. This technique has proven useful for the majority of patients with HCC as most of them present in advanced stage, beyond potentially curative options (resection/liver transplantation). (90)Y microspheres can be used in downstaging large tumors to bring within transplantable criteria, in patients with portal venous thrombosis due to tumor invasion and as palliative therapy. There are two available devices for (90)Y administration; TheraSphere® (glass based) and SIR-Spheres® (resin based). The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis. The incidence of complications is comparatively less and may include nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, hepatic dysfunction, biliary injury, fibrosis, radiation pneumonitis, GI ulcers, and vascular injury; however, these can be avoided by meticulous pretreatment assessment, careful patient selection, and adequate dosimetry. This article explores the technical and clinical aspects of (90)Y radioembolization with keeping emphasis on patient selection, uses, and complications.

Yttrium-90 radioembolization using TheraSphere in the management of primary and secondary liver tumors.

Science.gov (United States)

Riaz, A; Lewandowski, R J; Kulik, L; Salem, R

2009-06-01

Locoregional therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization, radioembolization and thermal ablation (e.g., radiofrequency ablation) are establishing their roles in the management of liver malignancies. With yYttrium-90 radioembolization therapy (90Y) radionuclide labeled microspheres are injected into the tumor feeding artery. This allows the delivery of a high radioactive dose to the tumor with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. 90Y has demonstrated to be safe and effective in the management of liver tumors. Authors present a review of the literature available for the use of TheraSphere for radioembolization in the management of liver tumors.

Dose-response evaluation after Yttrium-90 resin microsphere radio-embolization of breast cancer liver metastases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gnesin, S.; Verdun, F.R.; Baechler, S.; Boubacker, A.; Adib, S.; Cherbuin, N.; Prior, J.O.; Bize, P.; Denys, A.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Aim: Yttrium-90 resin microsphere radio-embolization is a valuable therapeutic option in metastatic breast cancer patients with progressive disease refractory to chemotherapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the dose-response relationship of liver metastasis based on a 3D voxelized 90 Y PET dosimetry. Materials and methods: we studied the dose-response relationship of twelve hepatic lesions in four selected patients with metastatic breast cancer who underwent 90 Y radio-embolization (Sirtex SIR-Spheres Pty Ltd.). The administered activity ranged from 1 to 1.3 GBq. Ten days before treatment, patients underwent a baseline 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The determination of the 90 Y-microsphere activity to administer for treatment was based on the BSA method refined with the partition model derived from a 99m Tc-MAA SPECT/CT performed a week prior to radio-embolization. Within 24 hours after treatment, 90 Y TOF PET/CT imaging was performed. A follow-up 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed 1 month after the treatment to evaluate the response to radio-embolization. For each patient, 3D voxelized dose-maps were obtained from the post-treatment 90 Y TOF PET/CT. A volume of interest (VOI) was drawn for each selected hepatic lesion using the baseline 18 F-FDG PET/CT. To obtain dose-volume histogram (DVH) for each lesion, image co-registration and VOI masks were generated using the PMOD 3.4 software and then exported in Matlab for dose calculation. Furthermore, the average absorbed dose in lesions was corrected for PVE effects by multiplication for appropriate (phantom-based) recovery coefficients according to the lesion size. Early metabolic lesion response was assessed in terms of variation in the maximum standard uptake value (ΔSUVmax) between baseline and follow-up 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The average absorbed dose for each lesion was associated with the respective metabolic response. Results: for the 12 selected lesions, the average volume was 35 cm 3

Yttrium-90 Resin Microsphere Radioembolization Using an Antireflux Catheter: An Alternative to Traditional Coil Embolization for Nontarget Protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morshedi, Maud M.; Bauman, Michael; Rose, Steven C.; Kikolski, Steven G.

2015-01-01

PurposeSerious complications can result from nontarget embolization during yttrium-90 (Y-90) transarterial radioembolization. Hepatoenteric artery coil embolization has been traditionally performed to prevent nontarget radioembolization. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved Surefire Infusion System (SIS) catheter, designed to prevent reflux, is an alternative to coils. The hypothesis that quantifiable SIS procedural parameters are comparable to coil embolization was tested.MethodsFourteen patients aged 36–79 years with colorectal, neuroendocrine, hepatocellular, and other predominantly bilobar hepatic tumors who underwent resin microsphere Y-90 radioembolization using only the SIS catheter (n = 7) versus only detachable coils (n = 7) for nontarget protection were reviewed retrospectively. Procedure time, fluoroscopy time, contrast dose, radiation dose, and cost were evaluated.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified significant cohort differences in the procedural parameters evaluated (F(10, 3) = 10.39, p = 0.04). Between-group comparisons of the pretreatment planning procedure in the SIS catheter group compared to the coil embolization group demonstrated a significant reduction in procedure time (102.6 vs. 192.1 min, respectively, p = 0.0004), fluoroscopy time (14.3 vs. 49.7 min, respectively, p = 0.0016), and contrast material dose (mean dose of 174.3 vs. 265.0 mL, respectively, p = 0.0098). Procedural parameters were not significantly different between the two groups during subsequent dose delivery procedures. Overall cost of combined first-time radioembolization procedures was significantly less in the SIS group ($4252) compared to retrievable coil embolization ($11,123; p = 0.001).ConclusionThe SIS catheter results in a reduction in procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast material dose and may be an attractive cost-effective alternative to detachable coil embolization for prevention of nontarget radioembolization

Yttrium-90 Resin Microsphere Radioembolization Using an Antireflux Catheter: An Alternative to Traditional Coil Embolization for Nontarget Protection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morshedi, Maud M., E-mail: maud.morshedi@my.rfums.org; Bauman, Michael, E-mail: mbauman@ucsd.edu; Rose, Steven C., E-mail: scrose@ucsd.edu; Kikolski, Steven G., E-mail: skikolski@gmail.com [University of California San Diego Health Sciences, Radiology Department, University of California San Diego Medical Center (United States)

2015-04-15

PurposeSerious complications can result from nontarget embolization during yttrium-90 (Y-90) transarterial radioembolization. Hepatoenteric artery coil embolization has been traditionally performed to prevent nontarget radioembolization. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved Surefire Infusion System (SIS) catheter, designed to prevent reflux, is an alternative to coils. The hypothesis that quantifiable SIS procedural parameters are comparable to coil embolization was tested.MethodsFourteen patients aged 36–79 years with colorectal, neuroendocrine, hepatocellular, and other predominantly bilobar hepatic tumors who underwent resin microsphere Y-90 radioembolization using only the SIS catheter (n = 7) versus only detachable coils (n = 7) for nontarget protection were reviewed retrospectively. Procedure time, fluoroscopy time, contrast dose, radiation dose, and cost were evaluated.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified significant cohort differences in the procedural parameters evaluated (F(10, 3) = 10.39, p = 0.04). Between-group comparisons of the pretreatment planning procedure in the SIS catheter group compared to the coil embolization group demonstrated a significant reduction in procedure time (102.6 vs. 192.1 min, respectively, p = 0.0004), fluoroscopy time (14.3 vs. 49.7 min, respectively, p = 0.0016), and contrast material dose (mean dose of 174.3 vs. 265.0 mL, respectively, p = 0.0098). Procedural parameters were not significantly different between the two groups during subsequent dose delivery procedures. Overall cost of combined first-time radioembolization procedures was significantly less in the SIS group ($4252) compared to retrievable coil embolization ($11,123; p = 0.001).ConclusionThe SIS catheter results in a reduction in procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast material dose and may be an attractive cost-effective alternative to detachable coil embolization for prevention of nontarget radioembolization.

Preclinical evaluation of intravenously administered 111In-and 90Y-labeled B72.3 immunoconjugate (GYK-DTPA) in beagle dogs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quadri, S.M.; Vriesendorp, H.M.; Yi Shao; Blum, J.E.; Leichner, P.K.; Williams, J.R.

1993-01-01

B72.3, a monoclonal antibody with reactivity against human adenocarcinomas was obtained from the Cytogen Corporation in the form of an immunoconjugate coupled with linker-chelator GYK-DTPA by using proprietary carbohydrate directed site specific chemistry. The immunoconjugate was radiolabeled with indium-111 or yttrium-90. A preclinical analysis was performed in 10 normal beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered indium- and yttrium-labeled immunoconjugates were compared serially in blood, bone marrow and urine samples. Compared to 90 Y less of the 111 In label ended up in urine and more was found in blood and bone marrow. Indium-labeled B72.3 GYK-DTPA had relatively higher uptake in most glandular tissues than 111 In-labeled antiferritin immunoconjugate. Bone marrow toxicity was the dose limiting side effect after intravenous infusion of 90 Y-labeled B72.3 GYK-DTPA. Toxicity was also observed in the liver but not in other organ systems. Recently other investigators obtained similar results with these immunoconjugates in human patients. A preclinical pharmacokinetic analysis of radioimmunoconjugates in beagle dogs provided useful information regarding bone marrow toxicity, liver toxicity and in vivo instability of the immunoconjugate. Data suggest that for future trials in human patients, a more stable chelated immunoconjugate for yttrium is needed to achieve less liver uptake and a better correlation with the 111 In-labeled product than the 90 Y-labeled B72.3 GYK-DTPA used in this investigation. (Author)

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with 90yttrium. Follow up studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teuber, J.; Baenkler, H.W.; Regler, G.; Erlangen-Nuernberg Univ., Erlangen

1978-01-01

90 Yttrium-silicate was injected into 131 knee-joints from patients with rheumatoid arthritis with stadium II-IV according to Steinbrocker. The observation period lasted until two years. After three months about 80% and after 24 months still more than 50% of the patients treated showed complete or partial remission. Side-effects as formerly observed with 198 -goldpreparations did not occur. Therefore the treatment with 90 Yttrium-silicate offers an alternative to surgical synovectomy. (orig.) [de

Root Cause Analysis of Gastroduodenal Ulceration After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

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Lam, Marnix G. E. H. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States); Banerjee, Subhas [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (United States); Louie, John D.; Abdelmaksoud, Mohamed H. K. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States); Iagaru, Andrei H. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (United States); Ennen, Rebecca E.; Sze, Daniel Y., E-mail: dansze@stanford.edu [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States)

2013-12-15

IntroductionA root cause analysis was performed on the occurrence of gastroduodenal ulceration after hepatic radioembolization (RE). We aimed to identify the risk factors in the treated population and to determine the specific mechanism of nontarget RE in individual cases. Methods: The records of 247 consecutive patients treated with yttrium-90 RE for primary (n = 90) or metastatic (n = 157) liver cancer using either resin (n = 181) or glass (n = 66) microspheres were reviewed. All patients who developed a biopsy-proven microsphere-induced gastroduodenal ulcer were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on baseline parameters and procedural data to determine possible risk factors in the total population. Individual cases were analyzed to ascertain the specific cause, including identification of the culprit vessel(s) leading to extrahepatic deposition of the microspheres. Results: Eight patients (3.2 %) developed a gastroduodenal ulcer. Stasis during injection was the strongest independent risk factor (p = 0.004), followed by distal origin of the gastroduodenal artery (p = 0.004), young age (p = 0.040), and proximal injection of the microspheres (p = 0.043). Prolonged administrations, pain during administration, whole liver treatment, and use of resin microspheres also showed interrelated trends in multivariate analysis. Retrospective review of intraprocedural and postprocedural imaging showed a probable or possible culprit vessel, each a tiny complex collateral vessel, in seven patients. Conclusion: Proximal administrations and those resulting in stasis of flow presented increased risk for gastroduodenal ulceration. Patients who had undergone bevacizumab therapy were at high risk for developing stasis.

Root Cause Analysis of Gastroduodenal Ulceration After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lam, Marnix G. E. H.; Banerjee, Subhas; Louie, John D.; Abdelmaksoud, Mohamed H. K.; Iagaru, Andrei H.; Ennen, Rebecca E.; Sze, Daniel Y.

2013-01-01

IntroductionA root cause analysis was performed on the occurrence of gastroduodenal ulceration after hepatic radioembolization (RE). We aimed to identify the risk factors in the treated population and to determine the specific mechanism of nontarget RE in individual cases. Methods: The records of 247 consecutive patients treated with yttrium-90 RE for primary (n = 90) or metastatic (n = 157) liver cancer using either resin (n = 181) or glass (n = 66) microspheres were reviewed. All patients who developed a biopsy-proven microsphere-induced gastroduodenal ulcer were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on baseline parameters and procedural data to determine possible risk factors in the total population. Individual cases were analyzed to ascertain the specific cause, including identification of the culprit vessel(s) leading to extrahepatic deposition of the microspheres. Results: Eight patients (3.2 %) developed a gastroduodenal ulcer. Stasis during injection was the strongest independent risk factor (p = 0.004), followed by distal origin of the gastroduodenal artery (p = 0.004), young age (p = 0.040), and proximal injection of the microspheres (p = 0.043). Prolonged administrations, pain during administration, whole liver treatment, and use of resin microspheres also showed interrelated trends in multivariate analysis. Retrospective review of intraprocedural and postprocedural imaging showed a probable or possible culprit vessel, each a tiny complex collateral vessel, in seven patients. Conclusion: Proximal administrations and those resulting in stasis of flow presented increased risk for gastroduodenal ulceration. Patients who had undergone bevacizumab therapy were at high risk for developing stasis

Efficacy and safety of selective internal radiotherapy with yttrium-90 resin microspheres compared with sorafenib in locally advanced and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (SARAH): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Vilgrain, Valérie; Pereira, Helena; Assenat, Eric; Guiu, Boris; Ilonca, Alina Diana; Pageaux, Georges-Philippe; Sibert, Annie; Bouattour, Mohamed; Lebtahi, Rachida; Allaham, Wassim; Barraud, Hélène; Laurent, Valérie; Mathias, Elodie; Bronowicki, Jean-Pierre; Tasu, Jean-Pierre; Perdrisot, Rémy; Silvain, Christine; Gerolami, René; Mundler, Olivier; Seitz, Jean-Francois; Vidal, Vincent; Aubé, Christophe; Oberti, Frédéric; Couturier, Olivier; Brenot-Rossi, Isabelle; Raoul, Jean-Luc; Sarran, Anthony; Costentin, Charlotte; Itti, Emmanuel; Luciani, Alain; Adam, René; Lewin, Maïté; Samuel, Didier; Ronot, Maxime; Dinut, Aurelia; Castera, Laurent; Chatellier, Gilles

2017-12-01

Sorafenib is the recommended treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of sorafenib to that of selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) resin microspheres in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. SARAH was a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, investigator-initiated, phase 3 trial done at 25 centres specialising in liver diseases in France. Patients were eligible if they were aged at least 18 years with a life expectancy greater than 3 months, had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, Child-Pugh liver function class A or B score of 7 or lower, and locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] stage C), or new hepatocellular carcinoma not eligible for surgical resection, liver transplantation, or thermal ablation after a previously cured hepatocellular carcinoma (cured by surgery or thermoablative therapy), or hepatocellular carcinoma with two unsuccessful rounds of transarterial chemoembolisation. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by a permutated block method with block sizes two and four to receive continuous oral sorafenib (400 mg twice daily) or SIRT with 90 Y-loaded resin microspheres 2-5 weeks after randomisation. Patients were stratified according to randomising centre, ECOG performance status, previous transarterial chemoembolisation, and presence of macroscopic vascular invasion. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Analyses were done on the intention-to-treat population; safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of sorafenib or underwent at least one of the SIRT work-up exams. This study has been completed and the final results are reported here. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01482442. Between Dec 5, 2011, and March 12, 2015, 467 patients were randomly assigned; after eight patients withdrew consent, 237 were assigned to

Developing of Ytrium-90 Generator Based on Extraction Chromatography with Crown Ether

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yassine, T.; Mukhallalati, Ch.H.

2009-01-01

Although the use of radionuclides for therapeutic purposed goes back to about 60 years ago, but interest in this therapy is rapidly increasing in the field of nuclear medicine. The introduction and acceleration of such techniques require the continuous availability and acceptable cost of therapeutic radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. Most of therapeutic radionuclides, are reactor (Ho-166, Lu-177 Sm-153, I-131...). Produced ones which makes the generator produced radionuclides such Y-90, is more convenient to start with for developing therapeutic radiopharmaceutical in countries where there are no reactor. Ytrium-90 is an important radionuclide for radioimmunotherapeutic and for radiosynviorethesis. It is pure single high energy beta emitter (Ep=2.3 Mev), decaying to stable Zirconium-90 with half-life of about 64 hrs. It is availability, as generator products resulting from the decay of the long lived strontium-90 (T1/2 = 28y) has increased its importance in nuclear medicine and accelerated its applications. The AECS has initiated wide Programme for development and production of radiopharmaceuticals for covering local and regional demands of nuclear medicine. Existed facility including Cyclotron (cyclon 30 IBA), technetium-99m generator and kits production lines and iodine-131 dispensing and labeling plant, needs to be enhanced by more therapeutic products. The absence of nuclear reactor for radionuclide production makes the generator technology to be a convenient choice. Therefore, Ytrium-90 radiopharmaceuticals were targeted and 90Sr/90Y generator was developed for these purposes. Several designs of Ytrium-90 generator were developed according to different separation techniques, such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, supported liquid membrane and electrodeposition, and each has deferent characterizations and Performances. We found that extraction Chromatography by 18C6 Crown ether loaded on Teflon resins (Sr-Spec) is very convenient for Production of ultra

Abscopal Effects and Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

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Ghodadra, Anish; Bhatt, Sumantha [University Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Radiology (United States); Camacho, Juan C. [Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (United States); Kim, Hyun S., E-mail: kevin.kim@yale.edu [University Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Radiology (United States)

2016-07-15

We present the case of an 80-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma with bilobar hepatic metastases who underwent targeted Yttrium-90 radioembolization of the right hepatic lobe lesion. Subsequently, there was complete regression of the nontargeted, left hepatic lobe lesion. This may represent the first ever reported abscopal effect in radioembolization. The abscopal effect refers to the phenomenon of tumor response in nontargeted sites after targeted radiotherapy. In this article, we briefly review the immune-mediated mechanisms responsible for the abscopal effect.

radio embolization of yttrium 90 glass microspheres in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El Fouly, A.H.A.

2010-01-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer that typically occurs in the setting of cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis virus infections. HCC is considered currently as global problem; its incidence is expected to increase dramatically by the next few decades. More than 90 % of the accidentally diagnosed patients have non resectable tumor. Portal vein thrombosis, diffuse multifocal liver infiltration and large tumor burden are considered to be a great obstacle in front of the modern lines of treatment, even with Child A liver cirrhosis. Transarterial intrahepatic application of Yttrium-90 glass microspheres may allow effective local ablative treatment of patients with intrahepatic advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with or without portal vein thrombosis. The aim of this open-label phase II study was to validate evidence on the safety and efficacy of this treatment in an European cohort of patients with locally advanced HCC such as (large tumor burden, multifocal distribution, portal vein thrombosis). And to assess the response rate according to different approved response assessment guidelines (WHO, RECIST and EASL). Patients and Methods Starting from November 2006 till March 2009, one hundred and eight advanced unresectable HCC patients with and without portal vein thrombosis were included in this prospective study. Yttrium-90 microspheres radiotherapy was performed in a lobar fashion through the right or left hepatic artery. In bilobar disease, right and left liver lobe were treated with 4-6 weeks intervals in between. Response rate was assessed according to different international response assessment criteria (WHO, RECIST and EASL) with sequential computed tomography scans till the last clinical visit or death. The safety of this technique was assessed according to the Common Toxicity Criteria version 3

Yttrium-90 microspheres for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salem, Riad; Hunter, Russell D.

2006-01-01

To present a critical review of yttrium-90 (TheraSphere) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Medical literature databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, and CANCERLIT) were searched for available literature concerning the treatment of HCC with TheraSphere. These publications were reviewed for scientific and clinical validity. Studies pertaining to the use of yttrium-90 for HCC date back to the 1960s. The results from the early animal safety studies established a radiation exposure range of 50-100 Gy to be used in human studies. Phase I dose escalation studies followed, which were instrumental in delineating radiation dosimetry and safety parameters in humans. These early studies emphasized the importance of differential arteriolar density between hypervascular HCC and surrounding liver parenchyma. Current trends in research have focused on advancing techniques to safely implement this technology as an alternative to traditional methods of treating unresectable HCC, such as external beam radiotherapy, conformal beam radiotherapy, ethanol ablation, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and radiofrequency ablation. Yttrium-90 (TheraSphere) is an outpatient treatment option for HCC. Current and future research should focus on implementing multicenter phase II and III trials comparing TheraSphere with other therapies for HCC

Yttrium-90 microspheres for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Salem, Riad; Hunter, Russell D

2006-01-01

To present a critical review of yttrium-90 (TheraSphere) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Medical literature databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, and CANCERLIT) were searched for available literature concerning the treatment of HCC with TheraSphere. These publications were reviewed for scientific and clinical validity. Studies pertaining to the use of yttrium-90 for HCC date back to the 1960s. The results from the early animal safety studies established a radiation exposure range of 50-100 Gy to be used in human studies. Phase I dose escalation studies followed, which were instrumental in delineating radiation dosimetry and safety parameters in humans. These early studies emphasized the importance of differential arteriolar density between hypervascular HCC and surrounding liver parenchyma. Current trends in research have focused on advancing techniques to safely implement this technology as an alternative to traditional methods of treating unresectable HCC, such as external beam radiotherapy, conformal beam radiotherapy, ethanol ablation, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and radiofrequency ablation. Yttrium-90 (TheraSphere) is an outpatient treatment option for HCC. Current and future research should focus on implementing multicenter phase II and III trials comparing TheraSphere with other therapies for HCC.

Development of methodology for the preparation of 90Sr-90Y generators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrio, Graciela; Osso, Joao A.

2008-01-01

Among the more attractive radionuclides for therapeutic applications is yttrium-90. Its relatively short half-life (64.0h), maximum beta energy (2.28 MeV) make it well suited for a variety of applications, ranging from the radiolabeling of antibodies for tumor therapy to the production of radiolabeled particles for the treatment of liver malignancies. Yttrium-90 results from the decay of strontium-90 (28y) and decays to a stable daughter ( 90 Zr) and has no γ-ray, what makes this nuclide very attractive for therapeutic applications. 90 Y is produced through a generator system, from the decay of 90 Sr. Before it can safely employed in clinical applications, the 90 Y must be made essentially free of 90 Sr, an isotope known to cause bone marrow suppression. The objective of this work is to develop 90 Sr- 90 Y generator using a cation exchange method resin. This method was the most effects for the separation of 90 Y and 90 Sr. 90 Sr is strongly adsorbed in the resin and 90 Y is eluted in 0.003M EDTA. The generator efficiency and radionuclide control results were also evaluated using 85 Sr (γ-ray emitter). The generator was developed, using AG 50WX8 exchange resin converted to the Na+ form and then conditioned with 0.003M EDTA solution (pH=4.8). The quality control showed that 90 Y had no 8 '5Sr impurities, inside the detection limits of the detector. The results presented here are very promising, showing that the methodology is able to separate the two nuclides, with low quantities of 90 Sr impurity and satisfactory elution yields. (author)

Positron-emitting resin microspheres as surrogates of 90Y SIR-Spheres: a radiolabeling and stability study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avila-Rodriguez, Miguel A.; Selwyn, Reed G.; Hampel, Joseph A.; Thomadsen, Bruce R.; DeJesus, Onofre T.; Converse, Alexander K.; Nickles, Robert J.

2007-01-01

Commercially available resin microspheres and SIR-Spheres were labeled with metallic positron emitters and evaluated as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging surrogates of 90 Y SIR-Spheres. Radiolabeling was performed using a batch method, and in vitro stability over 24 h was evaluated in saline at physiological pH at 37 o C. The activity per microsphere distribution, as evaluated by autoradiography, showed the activity per microsphere to be proportional to the square radius of the spheres, suggesting surface binding. The in vivo stability of radiolabeling was evaluated in rats by micro-PET imaging after the intravenous injection of labeled microspheres. The different resin microspheres and radionuclides evaluated in this study all showed good radiolabeling efficiency and in vitro stability. However, only resins labeled with 86 Y and 89 Zr proved to have the in vivo stability required for clinical applications

Lack of rise in serum prolactin following yttrium-90 interstitial irradiation for acromegaly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clark, A.J.L.; Chahal, P.; Mashiter, K.; Joplin, G.F.

1983-01-01

The authors have investigated the possibility that the increase in serum PRL levels observed in patients with acromegaly treated with external irradiation could be due to damage to the hypothalamus or portal vessels, by comparing the effects of yttrium-90 interstitial irradiation, which is highly localised and does not normally extend to the hypothalamus, in a similar series of patients. These results are consistent with the hypothesis; a less likely explanation is that an overgrowth of radio-resistant PRL-secreting tumour cells is occurring after external irradiation, but not after yttrium-90 implantation. (author)

Lack of rise in serum prolactin following yttrium-90 interstitial irradiation for acromegaly

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clark, A.J.L.; Chahal, P.; Mashiter, K.; Joplin, G.F. (Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London (UK))

1983-11-01

The authors have investigated the possibility that the increase in serum PRL levels observed in patients with acromegaly treated with external irradiation could be due to damage to the hypothalamus or portal vessels, by comparing the effects of yttrium-90 interstitial irradiation, which is highly localised and does not normally extend to the hypothalamus, in a similar series of patients. These results are consistent with the hypothesis; a less likely explanation is that an overgrowth of radio-resistant PRL-secreting tumour cells is occurring after external irradiation, but not after yttrium-90 implantation.

Phase I trial of yttrium-90-labeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 for androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Milowsky, Matthew I; Nanus, David M; Kostakoglu, Lale; Vallabhajosula, Shankar; Goldsmith, Stanley J; Bander, Neil H

2004-07-01

To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity, human antihuman antibody (HAHA) response, pharmacokinetics, organ dosimetry, targeting, and preliminary efficacy of yttrium-90-labeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 ((90)Y-J591) in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC). Patients with androgen-independent PC and evidence of disease progression received indium-111-J591 for pharmacokinetic and biodistribution determinations followed 1 week later by (90)Y-J591 at five dose levels: 5, 10, 15, 17.5, and 20 mCi/m(2). Patients were eligible for up to three re-treatments if platelet and neutrophil recovery was satisfactory. Twenty-nine patients with androgen-independent PC received (90)Y-J591, four of whom were re-treated. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was seen at 20 mCi/m(2), with two patients experiencing thrombocytopenia with non-life-threatening bleeding episodes requiring platelet transfusions. The 17.5-mCi/m(2) dose level was determined to be the MTD. No re-treated patients experienced DLT. Nonhematologic toxicity was not dose limiting. Targeting of known sites of bone and soft tissue metastases was seen in the majority of patients. No HAHA response was seen. Antitumor activity was seen, with two patients experiencing 85% and 70% declines in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels lasting 8 and 8.6 months, respectively, before returning to baseline. Both patients had objective measurable disease responses. An additional six patients (21%) experienced PSA stabilization. The recommended dose for (90)Y-J591 is 17.5 mCi/m(2). Acceptable toxicity, excellent targeting of known sites of PC metastases, and biologic activity in patients with androgen-independent PC warrant further investigation of (90)Y-J591 in the treatment of patients with PC.

Occupational exposure following Yttrium-90 microspheres SIR therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fontaine, P.; Boirie, G.; Dieudonne, A.; Leguludec, D.; Lebtahi, R.; Ben Reguiga, M.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Introduction: Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) is a promising technique for solid hepatic neoplasms treatment. SIRT consists in implanting radioactive microspheres (RMS) in targeted hepatic lesions via femoral artery. Two RMS-Therapsheres [glass-microspheres/TSR] and Sir-Spheres [resin-spheres/SSR]- are marketed in the European market, both radiolabeled with Yttrium-90. The objective of this study is to assess occupational exposure for nuclear medicine, radiology and clinical staff involved in Y 90 -RMS preparation and implantation. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 20 patients treated for Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma: 10 treated with TSR and 10 with SSR. Dose rate (DR, mSv/h) or absorbed doses (mSv) measurements were made during all steps of TSR and SSR handling: sources receipt and unpacking, preparation, transport to radiology, implantation, and patient care. Measurements were made with portable ionization chamber(Babyline/Nardeux), spectrometer(FieldSpect/Aries), digital dosimeter (NED/Unfors) and operational dosimeter (Mk2/Siemens). Values were expressed as mean±SD. Results: patients received of 1.8 GBq to 3.1 GBq of TSR and 0.55 GBq to 2.4 GBq of SSR. TSR were delivered ready-to-use with the prescribed activity. For SSR only one activity was commercially available and shipped (3 GBq at calibration-time)requiring a preparation step to adjust needed activity. DR measured during RMS was 1723 ± 157 μSv/h SSR and 1189 ± 92 μSv/h for TSR. When preparing spheres in radiopharmacy, fingers and whole body doses were respectively 8326 ± 2360 μSv and 12.3 ± 5,2 μSv for Sir-Spheres vs. 33.5 ± 7.8 μSv and 1.1 ± 0.3 μSv for TSR. DR in contact with carrying case during RMS transfer to radiology were 299 ± 102 μSv/h for SSR and 5.3 ± 1.2 μSv/h for TSR. During RMS infusion, radiologist's finger doses were limited to 3.6 ± 1 μSv for SSR and 0.7± 0.3 μSv for TSR. Finally, following RMS

Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Unresectable Standard-chemorefractory Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Survival, Efficacy, and Safety Study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rafi, Shoaib; Piduru, Sarat M. [Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Medicine, Department of Radiology (United States); El-Rayes, Bassel; Kauh, John S. [Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (United States); Kooby, David A.; Sarmiento, Juan M. [Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Surgical Oncology in Surgery (United States); Kim, Hyun S., E-mail: kevin.kim@emory.edu [Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Medicine, Department of Radiology (United States)

2013-04-15

To assess the overall survival, efficacy, and safety of radioembolization with yttrium-90 (Y90) for unresectable standard-chemorefractory intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Patients with unresectable standard-chemorefractory ICC treated with Y90 were studied. Survival was calculated from the date of first Y90 procedure. Tumor response was assessed with the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria on follow-up computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (NCI CTCAE), version 3, were used for complications. Statistical analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier estimator by the log rank test. Nineteen patients underwent a total of 24 resin-based Y90 treatments. Median survival from the time of diagnosis and first Y90 procedure was 752 {+-} 193 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 374-1130] and 345 {+-} 128 (95 % CI 95-595) days, respectively. Median survival with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 1 (n = 15) and ECOG performance status 2 (n = 4) was 450 {+-} 190 (95 % CI 78-822) and 345 {+-} 227 (95 % CI 0-790) days, respectively (p = .214). Patients with extrahepatic metastasis (n = 11) had a median survival of 404 {+-} 309 (95 % CI 0-1010) days versus 345 {+-} 117 (95 % CI 115-575) days for patients without metastasis (n = 8) (p = .491). No mortality was reported within 30 days from first Y90 radioembolization. One patient developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia as assessed by NCI CTCAE. Fatigue and transient abdominal pain were observed in 4 (21 %) and 6 (32 %) patients, respectively. Y90 radioembolization is effective for unresectable standard-chemorefractory ICC.

Planar gamma camera imaging and quantitation of Yttrium-90 bremsstrahlung

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen, S.; DeNardo, G.L.; Yuan, A.

1994-01-01

Yttrium-90 is a promising radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy of cancer because of its energetic beta emissions. Therapeutic management requires quantitative imaging to assess the pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry of the 90 Y-labeled antibody. Conventional gamma photon imaging methods cannot be easily applied to imaging of 90 Y-bremsstrahlung because of its continuous energy spectrum. The sensitivity, resolution and source-to-background signal ratio (S/B) of the detector system for 90 Y-bremsstrahlung were investigated for various collimators and energy windows in order to determine optimum conditions for quantitative imaging. After these conditions were determined, the accuracy of quantitation of 90 Y activity in an Alderson abdominal phantom was examined. When the energy-window width was increased, the benefit of increased sensitivity outweighed degradation in resolution and S/B ratio until the manufacturer's energy specifications for the collimator were exceeded. Using the same energy window, the authors improved resolution and S/B for the medium-energy (ME) collimator when compared to the low-energy, all-purpose (LEAP) collimator, and there was little additional improvement using the high-energy (HE) collimator. Camera sensitivity under tissue equivalent conditions was 4.2 times greater for the LEAP and 1.7 times greater for the ME collimators when compared to the HE collimator. Thus, the best, most practical selections were found to be the ME collimator and an energy window of 55-285 keV. When they used these optimal conditions for image acquisition, the estimation of 90 Y activity in organs and tumors was within 15% of the true activities. The results for this study suggest that reasonable accuracy can be achieved in clinical radioimmunotherapy using 90 Y-bremsstrahlung quantitation. 28 refs., 5 figs., 7 tabs

Yttrium and lanthanum recovery from low cerium carbonate, yttrium carbonate and yttrium concentrate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasconcelos, Mari Estela de

2006-01-01

In this work, separation, enrichment and purification of lanthanum and yttrium were performed using as raw material a commercial low cerium rare earth concentrate named LCC (low cerium carbonate), an yttrium concentrate named 'yttrium carbonate', and a third concentrated known as 'yttrium earths oxide. The first two were industrially produced by the late NUCLEMON - NUCLEBRAS de Monazita e Associados Ltda, using Brazilian monazite. The 'yttrium earths oxide' come from a process for preparation of lanthanum during the course of the experimental work for the present thesis. The following techniques were used: fractional precipitation with urea; fractional leaching of the LCC using ammonium carbonate; precipitation of rare earth peroxycarbonates starting from the rare earth complex carbonates. Once prepared the enriched rare earth fractions the same were refined using the ion exchange chromatography with strong cationic resin without the use of retention ion and elution using the ammonium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. With the association of the above mentioned techniques were obtained pure oxides of yttrium (>97,7%), lanthanum (99,9%), gadolinium (96,6%) and samarium (99,9%). The process here developed has technical and economic viability for the installation of a large scale unity. (author)

Hanford isotope project strategic business analysis yttrium-90 (Y-90)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-10-01

The purpose of this analysis is to address the short-term direction for the Hanford yttrium-90 (Y-90) project. Hanford is the sole DOE producer of Y-90, and is the largest repository for its source in this country. The production of Y-90 is part of the DOE Isotope Production and Distribution (IP and D) mission. The Y-90 is ''milked'' from strontium-90 (Sr-90), a byproduct of the previous Hanford missions. The use of Sr-90 to produce Y-90 could help reduce the amount of waste material processed and the related costs incurred by the clean-up mission, while providing medical and economic benefits. The cost of producing Y-90 is being subsidized by DOE-IP and D due to its use for research, and resultant low production level. It is possible that the sales of Y-90 could produce full cost recovery within two to three years, at two curies per week. Preliminary projections place the demand at between 20,000 and 50,000 curies per year within the next ten years, assuming FDA approval of one or more of the current therapies now in clinical trials. This level of production would incentivize private firms to commercialize the operation, and allow the government to recover some of its sunk costs. There are a number of potential barriers to the success of the Y-90 project, outside the control of the Hanford Site. The key issues include: efficacy, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and medical community acceptance. There are at least three other sources for Y-90 available to the US users, but they appear to have limited resources to produce the isotope. Several companies have communicated interest in entering into agreements with Hanford for the processing and distribution of Y-90, including some of the major pharmaceutical firms in this country

Hanford isotope project strategic business analysis yttrium-90 (Y-90)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-10-01

The purpose of this analysis is to address the short-term direction for the Hanford yttrium-90 (Y-90) project. Hanford is the sole DOE producer of Y-90, and is the largest repository for its source in this country. The production of Y-90 is part of the DOE Isotope Production and Distribution (IP and D) mission. The Y-90 is ``milked`` from strontium-90 (Sr-90), a byproduct of the previous Hanford missions. The use of Sr-90 to produce Y-90 could help reduce the amount of waste material processed and the related costs incurred by the clean-up mission, while providing medical and economic benefits. The cost of producing Y-90 is being subsidized by DOE-IP and D due to its use for research, and resultant low production level. It is possible that the sales of Y-90 could produce full cost recovery within two to three years, at two curies per week. Preliminary projections place the demand at between 20,000 and 50,000 curies per year within the next ten years, assuming FDA approval of one or more of the current therapies now in clinical trials. This level of production would incentivize private firms to commercialize the operation, and allow the government to recover some of its sunk costs. There are a number of potential barriers to the success of the Y-90 project, outside the control of the Hanford Site. The key issues include: efficacy, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and medical community acceptance. There are at least three other sources for Y-90 available to the US users, but they appear to have limited resources to produce the isotope. Several companies have communicated interest in entering into agreements with Hanford for the processing and distribution of Y-90, including some of the major pharmaceutical firms in this country.

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Yttrium-90 PET/CT imaging.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Asgar Attarwala

Full Text Available Yttrium-90 is known to have a low positron emission decay of 32 ppm that may allow for personalized dosimetry of liver cancer therapy with (90Y labeled microspheres. The aim of this work was to image and quantify (90Y so that accurate predictions of the absorbed dose can be made. The measurements were performed within the QUEST study (University of Sydney, and Sirtex Medical, Australia. A NEMA IEC body phantom containing 6 fillable spheres (10-37 mm ∅ was used to measure the 90Y distribution with a Biograph mCT PET/CT (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany with time-of-flight (TOF acquisition. A sphere to background ratio of 8:1, with a total (90Y activity of 3 GBq was used. Measurements were performed for one week (0, 3, 5 and 7 d. he acquisition protocol consisted of 30 min-2 bed positions and 120 min-single bed position. Images were reconstructed with 3D ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM and point spread function (PSF for iteration numbers of 1-12 with 21 (TOF and 24 (non-TOF subsets and CT based attenuation and scatter correction. Convergence of algorithms and activity recovery was assessed based on regions-of-interest (ROI analysis of the background (100 voxels, spheres (4 voxels and the central low density insert (25 voxels. For the largest sphere, the recovery coefficient (RC values for the 30 min -2-bed position, 30 min-single bed and 120 min-single bed were 1.12 ± 0.20, 1.14 ± 0.13, 0.97 ± 0.07 respectively. For the smaller diameter spheres, the PSF algorithm with TOF and single bed acquisition provided a comparatively better activity recovery. Quantification of Y-90 using Biograph mCT PET/CT is possible with a reasonable accuracy, the limitations being the size of the lesion and the activity concentration present. At this stage, based on our study, it seems advantageous to use different protocols depending on the size of the lesion.

Treatment of persistent knee effusions with Yttrium 90

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bouyoucef, S.E.; Drahmoune, R.; Mechken, F.; Amimour, A.; Hanni-Haddam, F.; Abtroun, F.; Sellah, M.; Mansouri, B.

2002-01-01

Yttrium 90 intra-articular injection is used in persisting active joint of the knee, where medication has failed to resolve chronic inflammation. The effective dose delivered to the synovia is linked to Y 90 activity and depends on the size of the joint space, the synovial structure and thickness and the inflammatory activity of the synovitis. The amount of the injected activity of Y90 was estimated according the volume effusion in 28 pathologic knee of 18 patients aged 18 years and more (mean age 46 years). All patients have persistent knee effusions and most of them have rheumatoid arthritis but others had ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet disease, psoriatic arthritis. According the radiological classification of Steinbrocker, 19 pathological knees were in stage 1, 5 in stage 2 and 4 in stage 3. The mean value of the monthly removed volume of the synovial liquid from the pathological knee was determined during the last month preceding the radiosynoviorthesis and four groups were identified: V0 no evidence of effusion liquid, 0 ml 100ml. The activity of Y 90 was estimated in order to obtain a total of 100 Gray in the envelope of 3 spherical phantoms with the same range of volume as defined above. The lowest activity of Y90, 111 MBq (3mCi) was determined for V0 according a mean value of standard sizes of knees. An activity of 18 MBq (0.5mCi) was added for each stage of 50 ml, so 129 MBq (3.5 mCi) for G1, 148 MBq (4 mCi) for G2 and 166 MBq (4.5 mCi) for G3. Efficacy of Y90 treatment was clinically assessed in all patients according to three parameters: pain, hydrarthrosis and range of joint movement at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The results were excellent in 13 knees and good in 9 and for most of them the efficacy of Y 90 was observed after 6 months. The results were less good in 3 knees but with an initial good evolution for all at 1 month. For 4 knees, the efficacy of Y 90 was bad. Although the small number of patients, these results show a high rate, 75%, of successful

Successful treatment of Cushing's disease using yttrium-90 rods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, M.C.; Doyle, F.H.; Mashiter, K.; Joplin, G.F.

1982-01-01

Interstitial irradiation using yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) rods implanted by needle into the pituitary gland was used as primary treatment in 16 patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's disease. Clinical and biochemical remission was observed within three to six months in 13 and in the remaining three after a supplementary implant. There was no perioperative morbidity. Follow-up from the time of definitive operation ranged from six to 123 months (mean 39). No recurrence has been observed. The return of a normal diurnal cortisol rhythm has been observed in 10/12 patients studied after remission. Some form of long-term pituitary hormone replacement therapy was required in only the six patients who had received the largest irradiation dose. Implantation of 90 Y is safe and effective treatment for patients with Cushing's disease, comparing favourably with selective trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. (author)

Yttrium-90 used to treat colon cancer: Awaiting investigational new drug approval

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

A new radiation treatment takes just 14 to 21 days to shrink colorectal tumors in laboratory mice, is under review for clinical trials with human cancer patients. The treatment has succeeded in reducing the size of tumors by up to 95%. Colon cancer, the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US, is extremely difficult to treat unless it is detected early enough for surgical procedures. In laboratory tests over the last 5 years, a team of researchers has developed the treatment using yttrium-90. The yttrium-90 is transported to the tumors by attaching it to monoclonal antibodies that seek out the cancer cells. Once the radioisotope has been targeted to the tumor, the radiation destroys many of the cells, dramatically reducing the size of the tumor. Since this treatment usually does not completely eliminate all the cancer cells, it cannot be called a cure, but it does seem to be an effective method of shrinking colorectal tumors

Radioembolization using 90Y-resin microspheres for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sangro, Bruno; Bilbao, Jose I.; Boan, Jose; Martinez-Cuesta, Antonio; Benito, Alberto; Rodriguez, Javier; Panizo, Angel; Gil, Belen; Inarrairaegui, Mercedes; Herrero, Ignacio; Quiroga, Jorge; Prieto, Jesus

2006-01-01

Purpose: To investigate the antitumor effect of resin microspheres loaded with 90-yttrium against hepatocellular carcinoma and their safety in the setting of liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: Data from 24 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by radioembolization in the period from September 2003 to February 2005 were reviewed. Patients received no further antineoplastic therapy. A comprehensive evaluation was performed to prevent the risk of damage due to microsphere misplacing. Patients were discharged the day after microspheres injection. Results: Serious liver toxicity observed among cirrhotic patients in a first period was subsequently prevented by modifying the selection criteria and the method for calculating the activity to be administered. Among 21 patients evaluable for response using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, a reduction in size of target lesions was observed in all but 1 patient. When considering only target lesions, disease control rate and response rate were 100% and 23.8%, respectively. However, 43% of patients progressed in the liver in the form of new lesions appearing a median time of 3 months after radioembolization. Conclusion: Our experience in these series of patients indicates that radioembolization using resin microspheres has a significant antitumor effect against HCC and that using stringent selection criteria and conservative models for calculating Radiation activity to be administered, radioembolization can be performed safely even in cirrhotic patients

Acromegaly with sleep disturbances relieved by yttrium-90 pituitary implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosenstock, J.; Doyle, F.H.; Joplin, G.F.; Jung, R.T.; Mashiter, K.

1982-01-01

A brief case history is presented of a patient, who, after yttrium-90 implantation, showed a complete clinical and hormonal remission of her acromegaly, maintaining normal pituitary function. The remarkable feature was the rapid disappearance of her attacks of somnolence within 96 hours of pituitary implantation, despite persistence of nocturnal snoring and well before any remodelling of soft tissues could have occurred. This response suggests that her daytime somnolence had a narcoleptic component. (author)

Acromegaly with sleep disturbances relieved by yttrium-90 pituitary implantation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosenstock, J.; Doyle, F.H.; Joplin, G.F.; Jung, R.T.; Mashiter, K. (Hammersmith Hospital, London (UK). Postgraduate Medical School)

1982-03-01

A brief case history is presented of a patient, who, after yttrium-90 implantation, showed a complete clinical and hormonal remission of her acromegaly, maintaining normal pituitary function. The remarkable feature was the rapid disappearance of her attacks of somnolence within 96 hours of pituitary implantation, despite persistence of nocturnal snoring and well before any remodelling of soft tissues could have occurred. This response suggests that her daytime somnolence had a narcoleptic component.

Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Depletion After Hepatic Arterial {sup 90}Yttrium Microsphere Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carr, Brian I., E-mail: brianicarr@hotmail.com [Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA and Department of Nutrition and Exptl Biology, Saverio De Bellis Medical Research Institute, Castellana Grotte, Bari (Italy); Metes, Diana M. [Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA and Department of Nutrition and Exptl Biology, Saverio De Bellis Medical Research Institute, Castellana Grotte, Bari (Italy)

2012-03-01

Purpose: The short- and long-term effects of {sup 90}Yttrium microspheres therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on peripheral blood lymphocytes are unknown and were therefore examined. Methods and Materials: Ninety-two HCC patients were enrolled in a {sup 90}Yttrium therapy study and routine blood counts were examined as part of standard clinical monitoring. Results: We found an early, profound, and prolonged lymphopenia. In a subsequent cohort of 25 additional HCC patients, prospective flow cytometric immune-monitoring analysis was performed to identify specific changes on distinct lymphocyte subsets (i.e., CD3, CD4, CD8 T, and CD19 B lymphocytes) and NK cells absolute numbers, in addition to the granulocytes and platelets subsets. We found that the pretreatment lymphocyte subset absolute numbers (with the exception of NK cells) had a tendency to be lower compared with healthy control values, but no significant differences were detected between groups. Posttherapy follow-up revealed that overall, all lymphocyte subsets, except for NK cells, were significantly (>50% from pretherapy values), promptly (as early as 24 h) and persistently (up to 30 months) depleted post-{sup 90}Yttrium microspheres therapy. In contrast, granulocytes increased rapidly (24 h) to compensate for lymphocyte depletion, and remained increased at 1-year after therapy. We further stratified patients into two groups, according to survival at 1 year. We found that lack of recovery of CD19, CD3, CD8, and especially CD4 T cells was linked to poor patient survival. No fungal or bacterial infections were noted during the 30-month follow-up period. Conclusions: The results show that lymphocytes (and not granulocytes, platelets, or NK cells) are sensitive to hepatic arterial {sup 90}Yttrium without associated clinical toxicity, and lack of lymphocyte recovery (possibly leading to dysregulation of adaptive cellular immunity) posttherapy indicates poor survival.

Spectrographic determination of strontium in yttrium-90 solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roca, M.; Capdevila, C.

1970-01-01

The copper spark method has been used for determining strontium in the concentration range 1-100 g/ml in yttrium-90 solutions containing 0,5 % or thereabouts of ammonium citrate. The influence of the citric acid as well as the ammonium citrate with regard to 2N HCL solutions has been studied: the citric acid enhances the line intensities of strontium. The employment of either barium or lanthanum as reference element compensates for this enhancement. Because of the increase in sensitivity mentioned above, the study of influence of the citric acid has been extended and several impurities usually determined in radioisotope solutions have been considered. (Author) 4 refs

Yttrium-90 microsphere induced gastrointestinal tract ulceration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rikabi Ali A

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Radiomicrosphere therapy (RT utilizing yttrium-90 (90Y microspheres has been shown to be an effective regional treatment for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. We sought to determine a large academic institution's experience regarding the extent and frequency of gastrointestinal complications. Methods Between 2004 and 2007, 27 patients underwent RT for primary or secondary hepatic malignancies. Charts were subsequently reviewed to determine the incidence and severity of GI ulceration. Results Three patients presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and underwent upper endoscopy. Review of the pretreatment angiograms showed normal vascular anatomy in one patient, sclerosed hepatic vasculature in a patient who had undergone prior chemoembolization in a second, and an aberrant left hepatic artery in a third. None had undergone prophylactic gastroduodenal artery embolization. Endoscopic findings included erythema, mucosal erosions, and large gastric ulcers. Microspheres were visible on endoscopic biopsy. In two patients, gastric ulcers were persistent at the time of repeat endoscopy 1–4 months later despite proton pump inhibitor therapy. One elderly patient who refused surgical intervention died from recurrent hemorrhage. Conclusion Gastrointestinal ulceration is a known yet rarely reported complication of 90Y microsphere embolization with potentially life-threatening consequences. Once diagnosed, refractory ulcers should be considered for aggressive surgical management.

Yttrium and rare earths separation by ion exchange resin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinatti, D.G.; Ayres, M.J.G.; Ribeiro, S.; Silva, G.L.J.P.; Silva, M.L.C.P.; Martins, A.H.

1988-01-01

The experimental results of yttrium and rare earths separation from Brazilian xenotime are presented. The research consist in five stage: 1) Preparation of yttrium, erbium and lutetium standard solutions, from solubilization of pure oxides 2) yttrium and rare earths separation by ion exchange chromatrography 3) Separation and recovery of EDTA 4) Precipitation and calcination and 4) Analytical control of process. (C.G.C.) [pt

Comparison by quantitative scanning of the distribution in the body of yttrium-90 and gold-198 after intra-articular injection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams, E.D.; Caughey, D.E.; John, M.B.; Hurley, P.J.

1975-01-01

A new radiopharmaceutical, yttrium-90 ferric hydroxide colloid, has been used to treat knee effusion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. With a view to assessing absorbed radiation dose, a study was initiated to compare its body distribution with that of gold-198, which has also been used for this purpose. The treated knee was in each case scanned immediately after injection using a dual 5-inch detector scanner, and again two, four and seven days later, when the regional lymph nodes and liver were also scanned. Using calibration factors obtained by scanning water phantoms, data from the scans were used to calculate the percentage of the injected radioactivity in each site. Radioactivity in blood and urine was also measured. Ten knees have been treated, each with five mCi yttrium-90, and twelve with 10 mCi gold-198. The treated knee was immobilized, and the patient rested in bed for four days, to minimize loss of radioactivity from the knee. With this procedure, both radionuclides were found to be equally well retained in the knee. However, the lymph node uptake of yttrium was lower than for gold. Yttrium-90 emits only beta radiation, so the gonadal radiation done in patients treated with yttrium-90 is estimated to be much less than in those treated with gold-198. (author)

Effects of hepatic arterial yttrium 90 glass microspheres in dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Wollner, I; Knutsen, C; Smith, P; Prieskorn, D; Chrisp, C; Andrews, J; Juni, J; Warber, S; Klevering, J; Crudup, J

1988-04-01

A 22-micron glass microsphere called TheraSphere (Theragenics Corp., Atlanta, GA) has been developed in which yttrium 89 oxide is incorporated into the glass matrix and is activated by neutron bombardment to form the beta-emitting isotope yttrium 90 (Y 90) before using the spheres as radiotherapeutic vehicles. The injection of up to 12 times (on a liver weight basis) the anticipated human dose of nonradioactive TheraSphere into the hepatic arteries of dogs was well tolerated and produced clinically silent alterations within centrolobular areas. The hepatic arterial (HA) injection of radioactive TheraSphere also produced portal changes similar to those observed in humans after external beam therapy. While the extent of damage increased with the delivered dose, radiation exposures in excess of 30,000 cGy did not cause total hepatic necrosis and were compatible with survival. No microspheres distributed to the bone marrow and absolutely no myelosuppression was encountered in any animal. Proposed hepatic exposures to humans of 5000 to 10,000 cGy by means of these microspheres, therefore, would appear to be feasible and tolerable. Radiotherapeutic microsphere administration preceded by regional infusion of a radiosensitizing agent and/or immediately following the redistribution of blood flow toward intrahepatic tumor by vasoactive agents can potentially yield a synergistic, highly selective attack on tumors confined to the liver.

Radiochemistry, pre-clinical studies and first clinical investigation of 90Y-labeled hydroxyapatite (HA) particles prepared utilizing 90Y produced by (n,γ) route

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vimalnath, K.V.; Chakraborty, Sudipta; Rajeswari, A.; Sarma, H.D.; Nuwad, Jitendra; Pandey, Usha; Kamaleshwaran, K.; Shinto, Ajit; Dash, Ashutosh

2015-01-01

Introduction: The scope of using no carrier added (NCA) 90 Y [T 1/2 = 64.1 h, E β(max) = 2.28 MeV] obtained from 90 Sr/ 90 Y generator in radiation synovectomy (RSV) is widely accepted. In the present study, the prospect of using 90 Y produced by (n,γ) route in a medium flux research reactor for use in RSV was explored. Methods: Yttrium-90 was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of Y 2 O 3 target at a neutron flux of ~ 1 × 10 14 n/cm 2 .s for 14 d. The influence of various experimental parameters were systematically investigated and optimized to arrive at the most favorable conditions for the formulation of 90 Y labeled hydroxyapatite (HA) using HA particles of 1–10 μm size range. An optimized kit formulation strategy was developed for convenient one-step compounding of 90 Y-HA, which is easily adaptable at hospital radiopharmacy. The pre-clinical biological evaluation of 90 Y-HA particles was studied by carrying out biodistribution and bioluminiscence imaging studies in Wistar rats. The first clinical investigation using the radiolabeled preparation was performed on a patient suffering from chronic arthritis in knee joint by administering 185 MBq 90 Y-HA formulated at the hospital radiopharmacy deploying the proposed strategy. Results: Yttrium-90 was produced with a specific activity of 851 ± 111 MBq/mg and radionuclidic purity of 99.95 ± 0.02%. 90 Y-labeled HA particles (185 ± 10 MBq doses) were formulated in high radiochemical purity (> 99%) and excellent in vitro stability. The preparation showed promising results in pre-clinical studies carried out in Wistar rats. The preliminary results of the first clinical investigation of 90 Y-HA preparation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis in knee joints demonstrated the effectiveness of the formulation prepared using 90 Y produced via (n,γ) route in the management of the disease. Conclusion: The studies revealed that effective utilization of 90 Y produced via (n,γ) route in a medium flux research

21 CFR 341.90 - Professional labeling.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Professional labeling. 341.90 Section 341.90 Food... HUMAN USE Labeling § 341.90 Professional labeling. The labeling of the product provided to health professionals (but not to the general public) may contain the following additional dosage information for...

Experience with indium-111 and yttrium-90-labeled somatostatin analogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Virgolini, I; Traub, T; Novotny, C; Leimer, M; Füger, B; Li, S R; Patri, P; Pangerl, T; Angelberger, P; Raderer, M; Burggasser, G; Andreae, F; Kurtaran, A; Dudczak, R

2002-01-01

lung cancer ((99m)Tc-depreotide), indicating high diagnostic cabability of this type of receptor tracers. Consequently to their use as receptor imaging agents, hSSTR recognizing radioligands have also been implemented for experimental receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy. Beneficial results were reported for high-dose treatment with (111)In-DTPA-DPhe(1)-octreotide, based on the emission of Auger electrons. The Phase IIa study "MAURITIUS" (Multicenter Analysis of a Universal Receptor Imaging and Treatment Initiative, a eUropean Study) showed in progressive cancer patients (therapy entry criteria) with a calculated tumor dose > 10 Gy / GBq (90)Y-DOTA-lanreotide, the proof-of-principle for treating tumor patients with peptide receptor imaging agents. In the "MAURITIUS" study, cummulative treatment doses up to 200 mCi (90)Y-DOTA-lanreotide were given as short-term infusion. Overall treatment results in 70 patients indicated stable tumor disease in 35% of patients and regressive tumor disease in 10% of tumor patients with different tumor entities expressing hSSTR. No acute or chronic severe hematological toxicity, change in renal or liver function parameters due to (90)Y-DOTA-lanreotide treatment, were reported. (90)Y-DOTA-DPhe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide may show a higher tumor uptake in neuroendocrine tumor lesions and may therefore be superior for treatment in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. However, there is only limited excess to long-term and survival data at present. Potential indications for (90Y-DOTA-lanreotide are radioiodine-negative thyroid cancer, hepatocellular cancer and lung cancer. Besides newer approaches and recent developments of 188)Re-labeled radioligands, no clinical results on the treatment response are yet available. In conclusion, several radioligands have been implemented on the basis of peptide receptor recognition throughout the last decade. A plentitude of preclinical data and clinical studies confirm their potential use in diagnosis as well as

Childhood acromegaly successfully treated with interstitial irradiation using Yttrium-90

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosenstock, J.; Doyle, F.H.; Mashiter, K.; Joplin, G.F.

1982-01-01

A child with a growth hormone producing tumour presented at the age of 4 1/2 years. The onset of the disease was at 18 months of age. Treatment was given with three doses of interstitial irradiation using yttrium-90 implants. There were no local complications from the procedures. Now, 11 years after diagnosis, she is asymptomatic, of normal appearance, and her height and the size of the pituitary fossa are normal. Growth hormone levels are almost normal, thyroid function is intact, and she is maintained on prednisone and sex hormones. (Authors)

Childhood acromegaly successfully treated with interstitial irradiation using Yttrium-90

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Rosenstock, J.; Doyle, F.H.; Mashiter, K.; Joplin, G.F. (Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London (UK). Dept. of Medicine and Radiology); Hall, R. (Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne (UK))

1982-01-01

A child with a growth hormone producing tumour presented at the age of 4 1/2 years. The onset of the disease was at 18 months of age. Treatment was given with three doses of interstitial irradiation using Yttrium-90 implants. There were no local complications from the procedures. Now, 11 years after diagnosis, she is asymptomatic, of normal appearance, and her height and the size of the pituitary fossa are normal. Growth hormone levels are almost normal, thyroid function is intact, and she is maintained on prednisone and sex hormones.

The sequential separation of strontium-90, yttrium-90, promethium-147, and cerium-144 from urine and their subsequent estimation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kramer, G.H.; Davies, J.M.

1981-04-01

A method has been developed for separating low-level activities of the beta-emitting isotopes strontium-90, yttrium-90, promethium-147 and cerium-144 from urine and aqueous solutions. They are subsequently estimated by planchet or liquid scintillation counting. The radionuclides are separated from each other and from interfering elements by solvent extraction with HDEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid) in n-heptane. It is possible to separate the elements with a minimum of cross-contamination by selecting appropriate pH's and solvent concentrations. Percentage recoveries for the radionuclides are: 90 Sr, 100 +- 12; 90 Y, 65 +- 4; 147 Pm, 90 +- 8; 144 Ce, 87 +- 11. The limits of detection are: 90 Sr, 0.6 pCi; 90 Y, 0.7 pCi; 147 Pm, 1.0 pCi; 144 Ce, 0.8 pCi. (author)

Treatment of primary liver tumors with Yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere) in high risk patients: analysis of survival and toxicities.

Science.gov (United States)

Reardon, Kelli A; McIntosh, Alyson F; Shilling, A Tanner; Hagspiel, Klaus D; Al-Osaimi, Abdullah; Berg, Carl; Caldwell, Stephen H; Northup, Patrick G; Angle, Fritz; Mulder, Robert; Rich, Tyvin A

2009-02-01

This retrospective study was undertaken to obtain information regarding the survival and toxicities after Yttrium-90 microspheres treatment in patients with primary liver malignancies. Baseline, treatment, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed for 21 patients treated with Yttrium-90 microspheres. Survival analysis was then performed. The results of this study showed that median survival for all the patients was 120 days. Twenty of 21 patients were categorized as high-risk with a median survival of 114 days. It was also found that one high-risk patient has survived 858 days with no recurrence of disease. Acute grade 3-5 toxicities were recorded for nine patients and consisted of elevations in AST and bilirubin, thrombocytopenia, abdominal pain, ascites, nausea, fatigue, and death. This study concluded that Yttrium-90 is a low-toxicity, outpatient alternative for individuals with liver cancer and without many options. The maximal value, however, may lie in the treatment of low-risk patients.

Development of 90Sr-90Y generators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrio, Graciela

2007-01-01

Yttrium-90 is a radioisotope of great interest in the field of Nuclear Medicine. It is considered one of the most important and most used radionuclides for radioimmunotherapeutical applications, especially promising for the treatment of certain types of cancer. Another important application of 90 Y is radio synovectomy. This radionuclide has a half-life of 64 hours, emits long range beta particles (maximum energy of 2.3 MeV) and decays, without intermediate nuclides, to a stable daughter. 90 Y may be obtained carrier-free, generated by the decay of its parent 90 Sr (half-life=28 years). 90 Sr is a product from uranium fission, and due to its long half-life, can be indefinitely used, which is certainly advantageous. It is present in great amounts, and needs to be processed and purified in order to be used as raw material for the generators. Generators of 90 Sr- 90 Y may thus be used during various months, due to 90 Sr long half-life. Several methods for the separation of 90 Y from 90 Sr by solvent extraction and ion exchange have been reported in literature. Thanks to its simplicity, ion exchange techniques have been more commonly used for this generator system. The main objective of this work was to develop a methodology for the preparation of 90 Sr- 90 Y generators, using cationic exchange resins. In such method, 90 Sr is strongly adsorbed in the resin and 90 Y is eluted by a 0.003 M EDTA solution. According to the quality control carried out, results showed that elution yields are greater than 65%, thus confirming the efficiency of the separation method used.

Antibody-guided three-step therapy for high grade glioma with yttrium-90 biotin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paganelli, G.; Grana, C.; Chinol, M.; Cremonesi, M.; De Cicco, C.; Zoboli, S.; De Braud, F.; Robertson, C.; Zurrida, S.; Veronesi, U.; Casadio, C.; Siccardi, A.G.

1999-01-01

While the incidence of brain tumours seems to be increasing, median survival in patients with glioblastoma remains less than 1 year, despite improved diagnostic imaging and neurosurgical techniques, and innovations in treatment. We have developed an avidin-biotin pre-targeting approach for delivering therapeutic radionuclides to gliomas, using anti-tenascin monoclonal antibodies, which seems potentially effective for treating these tumours. We treated 48 eligible patients with histologically confirmed grade III or IV glioma and documented residual disease or recurrence after conventional treatment. Three-step radionuclide therapy was performed by intravenous administration of 35 mg/m 2 of biotinylated anti-tenascin monoclonal antibody (1st step), followed 36 h later by 30 mg of avidin and 50 mg of streptavidin (2nd step), and 18-24 h later by 1-2 mg of yttrium-90-labelled biotin (3rd step). 90 Y doses of 2.22-2.96 GBq/m 2 were administered; maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined at 2.96 GBq/m 2 . Tumour mass reduction (>25%-100%), documented by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, occurred in 12/48 patients (25%), with 8/48 having a duration of response of at least 12 months. At present, 12 patients are still in remission, comprising four with a complete response, two with a parital response, two with a minor response and four with stable disease. Median survival from 90 Y treatment is 11 months for grade IV glioblastoma and 19 months for grade III anaplastic gliomas. Avidin-biotin based three-step radionuclide therapy is well tolerated at the dose of 2.2 GBq/m 2 , allowing the injection of 90 Y-biotin without bone marrow transplantation. This new approach interferes with the progression of high-grade glioma and may produce tumour regression in patients no longer responsive to other therapies. (orig.)

Tomographic bremsstrahlung imaging with yttrium-90 in the context of radioembolisation of liver tumors; Tomografische Bildgebung mit Yttrium-90-Bremsstrahlung im Rahmen der Radioembolisation von Lebertumoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grosser, Oliver Stephan

2013-04-12

Establish tomographic Bremsstrahlung SPECT imaging (BSPECT) for the clinical validation of Selective Internal Radiotherapy (SIRT) with Yttrium-90 ({sup 90}Y) labelled microspheres. Various energy ranges (75 ± 3.8 keV; 135 ± 6.8 keV; 167 ± 8.4 keV) and the summation window were studied to see if they were suitable for BSPECT. To this end, clinically available reconstruction techniques were analysed for their suitability for BSPECT. The tomographic examinations were performed on a cylindrical phantom filled with spheres of different diameters d = [28; 35; 40; 50; 60] mm in a non-active waterfilled background. The spheres were filled with identical {sup 90}Y activity concentration (AC). Measurements were conducted at AC = [14.58; 5.20; 1.98; 0.66] MBq/cm{sup 3}. The BSPECT were reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP), a 2D Ordered-Subset Expectation Maximisation Algorithm (2D-OSEM) and a 3D Geometric Mean Algorithm (3D-GMA). Evaluation was made visually and on the basis of objective performance parameters such as contrast, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image noise. While the 75 keV ± 3.8 keV window was identified as suitable for the BSPECT, limitations were revealed as to use of different implementations of the Point Spread Function (PSF). It was found for all reconstruction techniques that, at a given sphere diameter, there existed a linear relationship between the AC in the spheres and the reconstructed pulse rate per volume element. The recovery effect was verified for small spheres. The iterative techniques were found to be suitable for the BSPECT at all AC. At low AC, the 3D-GMA exhibited the least noise and the highest SNR. The FBP turned out to be entirely inappropriate for the BSPECT. The narrow energy window in which the bremsstrahlung interferes with the characteristic X-radiation of lead can be used for BSPECT. In this approach, the tomographic data reconstructed with different algorithms exhibited a varying image quality, with the iterative

Long-Term Palliative Effect of Stenting in Gastric Outlet Obstruction Due to Transarterial Chemoembolization with Yttrium-90 in a Patient with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erkan Caglar

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Internal radioembolization with yttrium-90 is a promising treatment method, predominantly for liver tumors. However, the shifting of yttrium-90-loaded spherules into the arteries and veins that supply the duodenum and stomach, leading to ulceration, hemorrhage, perforation, and outlet obstruction of these organs, is one of the major undesirable consequences of this technique. We report a case of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO due to antropyloric stenosis with ulceration, edema, and inflammation following transarterial yttrium-90 treatment for a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor in a 58-year-old man. Stenting was used for palliation in this case. GOO improved after stenting and recovery of oral intake was permanent after stent removal.

Development of {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y generators; Desenvolvimento de geradores de {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barrio, Graciela, E-mail: gracielabarrio@gmail.co [Pontificia Univ. Catolica de Sao Paulo (PUC-SP), SP (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto, E-mail: jaossoj@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2007-07-01

Yttrium-90 is a radioisotope of great interest in the field of Nuclear Medicine. It is considered one of the most important and most used radionuclides for radioimmunotherapeutical applications, especially promising for the treatment of certain types of cancer. Another important application of {sup 90}Y is radio synovectomy. This radionuclide has a half-life of 64 hours, emits long range beta particles (maximum energy of 2.3 MeV) and decays, without intermediate nuclides, to a stable daughter. {sup 90}Y may be obtained carrier-free, generated by the decay of its parent {sup 90}Sr (half-life=28 years). {sup 90}Sr is a product from uranium fission, and due to its long half-life, can be indefinitely used, which is certainly advantageous. It is present in great amounts, and needs to be processed and purified in order to be used as raw material for the generators. Generators of {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y may thus be used during various months, due to {sup 90}Sr long half-life. Several methods for the separation of {sup 90}Y from {sup 90}Sr by solvent extraction and ion exchange have been reported in literature. Thanks to its simplicity, ion exchange techniques have been more commonly used for this generator system. The main objective of this work was to develop a methodology for the preparation of {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y generators, using cationic exchange resins. In such method, {sup 90}Sr is strongly adsorbed in the resin and {sup 90}Y is eluted by a 0.003 M EDTA solution. According to the quality control carried out, results showed that elution yields are greater than 65%, thus confirming the efficiency of the separation method used.

Strontium-90 in ion-exchange resin used in the Australian FIEFS network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wise, K.N.

1977-10-01

In order to determine monthly strontium-90 fallout deposited at the eight Australian monitoring stations, account must be taken of the level of strontium-90 contamination of the ion-exchange resin as prepared for use in the FIEFS. This procedure has always been important in monitoring strontium-90 fallout deposit in Australia because the level of strontium-90 contamination of ion-exchange resin, supplied by manufacturers in the Northern Hemisphere, has remained of the same order of magnitude as the monthly fallout deposit in the Southern Hemisphere

Use of Yttrium-90 TheraSphere for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Michael D; Uaje, Michelle B; Al-Ghazi, Muthana S; Fields, Denise; Herman, June; Kuo, Jeffrey V; Milne, Norah; Nguyen, Thong H; Ramsinghani, Nilam S; Tokita, Kenneth M; Tsai, Fong Y; Vajgrt, Duane J; Imagawa, David K

2004-11-01

This is a retrospective analysis of a new treatment modality, intra-arterial administration of Yttrium-90 TheraSphere, for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with HCC not amenable to surgical treatment who had satisfactory physiological function without comorbid disease or significant pulmonary shunting were eligible for treatment. Patients were categorized into complete, partial, or no response based on serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and CT or MRI imaging. Fourteen patients were considered candidates for treatment. Three patients were excluded due to significant hepatopulmonary shunting. Eleven patients were treated with TheraSphere. One patient (9%) had a complete response, eight patients (78%) had a partial response, and two patients (18%) showed no response. Partial and complete responders with AFP-associated HCC demonstrated a median decrease in AFP levels of 79 per cent at 73 days. No patients developed liver toxicity nor died due to treatment. Five patients (45%) died of progressive disease at a median of 7 months post-treatment. Six patients (54%) were alive at a median of 11 months (range, 9 to 20 months). Okuda stage 2 and 3 patients showed a median survival of 11 months and 7 months, respectively. Yttrium-90 TheraSphere treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma is well tolerated and appears to extend survival.

Effect of intra-articular yttrium-90 on chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy of the knee

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doherty, M.; Dieppe, P.A.

1981-01-01

Fifteen patients with bilateral, symmetrical chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy of the knee were given intra-articular injections of yttrium-90 (5 mCi) plus steroid (triamcinolone hexacetonide, 20 mg) into one knee, and saline plus steroid into the other (control) knee. Allocation of the 90 Y injection was random and double blind. After 6 months there was significantly less pain, inactivity stiffness, joint-line tenderness, and effusion in the 90 Y-injected knees than in the controls (p 90 Y-injected and control knees in the changes in range of movement (p 90 Y may be of benefit in chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy, a disease for which there is no treatment. The predilection of this condition to affect the knees of the elderly makes such treatment highly suitable because the joint lends itself readily to injection and the procedure carries very few actual or potential risks in this age group. (author)

Treatment of persistent knee synovitis with Yttrium 90

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bouyoucef, S.E.

2007-01-01

Full text: Management of persistent knee synovitis includes both systemic and local articular treatment relevant to specific etiology. Local treatment may involve attempts to control inflammation and pain in knee joints by intra articular application of analgesics or glucocorticoids. However, in many patients these fail to reduce significantly the synovitis phenomenon and moreover they may lead to severe side effects. Radiosynoviorthesis with Y90 has been in use for many years in several joint pathologies. Indications of Radiosynoviorthesis include various inflammatory and degenerative diseases and its use should be envisaged when other conservative methods have failed like intra articular injections of long acting corticosteroids. Persistent knee synovitis is defined by the presence of hydrops in the joint or functional impairment with warmth, pain and local signs and symptoms requiring intra articular injection of glucocorticoids. In this study, 151 knees with persistent knee synovitis have been treated with Y 90 and have had all a minimum of one year follow up. Many parameters have been identified to measure efficiency of the RSO including pain, hydarthrosis, mobility, as well as global perception of the patients. Excellent and good responses have been appreciated through pain at rest, pain at stress, volume of effusion, and articular mobility. Results showed that percentage of excellent and good response is superior to 80% at three and six months. Success of Y 90 appears to be higher for rheumatoid arthritis as well as for oligoarthritis. Whatever the etiology, intensity of the inflammatory process appears one the major parameters which could better predict the outcomes of yttrium 90 in persistent knee synovitis. (author)

PET imaging of soluble yttrium-86-labeled carbon nanotubes in mice.

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Michael R McDevitt

2007-09-01

Full Text Available The potential medical applications of nanomaterials are shaping the landscape of the nanobiotechnology field and driving it forward. A key factor in determining the suitability of these nanomaterials must be how they interface with biological systems. Single walled carbon nanotubes (CNT are being investigated as platforms for the delivery of biological, radiological, and chemical payloads to target tissues. CNT are mechanically robust graphene cylinders comprised of sp(2-bonded carbon atoms and possessing highly regular structures with defined periodicity. CNT exhibit unique mechanochemical properties that can be exploited for the development of novel drug delivery platforms. In order to evaluate the potential usefulness of this CNT scaffold, we undertook an imaging study to determine the tissue biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of prototypical DOTA-functionalized CNT labeled with yttrium-86 and indium-111 ((86Y-CNT and (111In-CNT, respectively in a mouse model.The (86Y-CNT construct was synthesized from amine-functionalized, water-soluble CNT by covalently attaching multiple copies of DOTA chelates and then radiolabeling with the positron-emitting metal-ion, yttrium-86. A gamma-emitting (111In-CNT construct was similarly prepared and purified. The constructs were characterized spectroscopically, microscopically, and chromatographically. The whole-body distribution and clearance of yttrium-86 was characterized at 3 and 24 hours post-injection using positron emission tomography (PET. The yttrium-86 cleared the blood within 3 hours and distributed predominantly to the kidneys, liver, spleen and bone. Although the activity that accumulated in the kidney cleared with time, the whole-body clearance was slow. Differential uptake in these target tissues was observed following intravenous or intraperitoneal injection.The whole-body PET images indicated that the major sites of accumulation of activity resulting from the administration of (86Y-CNT were

Labeling of monoclonal antibody conjugates with 90Y

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Motta-Hennessy, Cecilia; Sharkey, R.M.; Goldenberg, D.M.

1991-01-01

An anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody, NP-4, was labeled with 90 Y using p-isothiocyanatobenzyl DTPA (SCN-Bz-DTPA) and its derivatives 1-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-3-methyl-DTPA (1B3M), 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-4-methyl-DTPA (1M3B), 1-(2)-methyl-4-isothiocyanatobenzyl-DTPA (MX-DTPA) as the chelating agents. The 90 Y conjugates were purified from unbound 90 Y by two different methods, HPLC or acrylamide size exclusion gel chromatography, in order to evaluate the best purification method. Labeling efficiency, reaction kinetics and immunoreactivity were compared to the same antibodies labeled with [ 111 In]citrate. Labeling efficiency, as determined by either HPLC or ITLC (instant thin layer chromatography), was consistently higher by ITLC than HPLC for 90 Y-labeled MAb, but equal for 111 In-labeled MAbs. Discrepancies between the 2 methods were linked to impurities in the 90 Y that remained at the origin of ITLC plates. After purification by acrylamide gel filtration, recovery was 50-60% of loaded 90 Y activity, but was more than 87% for the 111 In compounds. Using HPLC, the recovery measured 85% for 90 Y-labeled MAb and more than 93% for 111 In-labeled conjugates. Immunoreactivity of the [ 90 Y]MAb was comparable to the 111 In-labeled conjugates. These studies indicate that HPLC purification of the [ 90 Y] MAbs improves recovery of activity, and suggests that impurities found in the 90 Y and metal-binding properties of acrylamide may have contributed to the poor recoveries from acrylamide gels. (author)

Analysis of Prognostic Factors After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inarrairaegui, Mercedes; Martinez-Cuesta, Antonio; Rodriguez, Macarena; Bilbao, J. Ignacio

2010-01-01

Purpose: To analyze which patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors may influence outcome after 90 Y radioembolization ( 90 Y-RE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods: Seventy-two consecutive patients with advanced HCC treated with 90 Y-RE were studied to detect which factors may have influenced response to treatment and survival. Results: Median overall survival was 13 months (95% confidence interval, 9.6-16.3 months). In univariate analysis, survival was significantly better in patients with one to five lesions (19 vs. 8 months, p = 0.001) and in patients with alpha-fetoprotein 52 UI/mL, and their survival in the multivariate analysis was significantly worse (hazard ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 13-1.73) (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Yttrium-90 radioembolization results in control of target lesions in the majority of patients with HCC but does not prevent the development of new lesions. Survival of patients treated with 90 Y-RE seems to depend largely on factors related to the aggressiveness of the disease (number of nodules, levels of alpha-fetoprotein, and presence of microscopic disease).

Development of 90Sr/90Y Generator Systems Based on SLM Techniques for Radiolabelling of Therapeutic Biomolecules with 90Y. Chapter 14

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thu, N.T.; Van Dong, D.; Van Cuong, B.; Van Khoa, C.; Cam Hoa, V.T.

2015-01-01

Yttrium-90 is one of the most useful radionuclides for radioimmunotherapeutic applications, especially for labelling peptides and antibodies. Studies were carried out to develop a 90 Sr/ 90 Y generator system based on the SLM technique. Two stages of 90 Sr/ 90 Y generator systems were developed at different activity levels of 5, 20, 50 and 100 mCi and operated with semiautomation in sequential mode. In the first stage of the system, PC88A based SLM was used, which transported 90 Y from a nitric acid medium containing 0.01–4M HNO 3 . In the second stage, the 90 Y from the first stage was transferred to the first compartment of the second stage using carbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) based SLM where 1M acetic acid was used as the receiving phase for 90 Y. Quality control was carried out for the products of 90 Y using EPC with paper chromatography and Tec control chromatography. Peptides and antibodies were labelled using the 90 Y product obtained from the generator developed in house. (author)

Radio-synoviorthesis with yttrium 90 in the knee-joint in rheumatoid arthritis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hagena, F.W.; Muenchen Univ.

1982-01-01

The radio-synoviorthesis with yttrium 90 in the knee-joint in rheumatoid arthritis was performed and controlled in 106 knees of patients with rheumatoid arthritis over a span of time between 6 and 49 months. The results are similar to those of other authors. As compared to synovectomy radio-synoviorthesis seems less successful as far as long-term results are concerned. As local treatment radio-synoviorthesis seems a good supplementory element in the therapeutic plan of rheumatoid arthritis. The indication to alternative procedures has been considered carefully for each individual case and joint. (orig.) [de

Yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere and SIR-Spheres) for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Allison, C

2007-09-01

(1) Microspheres containing radioactive yttrium-90 (90Y) are infused into the hepatic artery. These deliver high doses of ionizing radiation to inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of primary liver cancer. (2) Limited evidence from several case series indicates that palliative therapy with 90Y microspheres may reduce tumour size and increase survival time. (3) In some patients, 90Y treatment may result in enough tumour reduction to permit liver resection or transplantation. (4) While 90Y microsphere therapy is generally well tolerated, major complications and several treatment-related deaths have occurred. Improved patient selection criteria and technical changes to microsphere delivery have reduced the risks of complications and death. (5) Patient selection and the technical aspects of 90Y microsphere treatment are complex and require the coordinated expertise of a multidisciplinary team.

Effects of yttrium 90 on experimental allergic arthritis in rabbits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meier-Ruge, W.; Mueller, W.; Pavelka, K.

1976-01-01

Fifteen weeks after allergic arthritis developed in the knee joint of 17 immunized rabbits, 8 animals were given an injection of 200 μCi yttrium 90( 90 Y) into the left joint cavity and 7 were injected with 400 μCi. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, and at 6 to 12 months after the injection. Two uninjected animals used as morphological controls were sacrificed 13 weeks after immunization, and showed allergic arthritis had progressed to severe inflammation of the knee joint marked by massive round-cell infiltration, oedema, and proliferation of synovial mesothelium in the synovial villi and joint capsule. Treatment with 90 Y was effective 2 weeks after injection and the disappearance of inflammatory odema and marked regression of round-cell infiltration. This was accompanied by degeneration of the synovial mesothelium and fibrosis of the subsynovial tissue and synovial vessels as a secondary effect of the radiation. In the animals with severe allergic arthritis, the healing effects of 90 Y were more marked than the secondary effects of the radiation which were dose-dependent. Treatment with 90 Y of arthritic knee joints with the lowest effective dose of the isotope - if necessay with repeated application - seems justified. A single large dose does not have a greater therapeutic effect and causes more radiation damage to the joint. In view of the possible secondary effects in the joint, the indication for 90 Y therapy should be restricted, particularly in young patients, to cases of chronic relapsing arthritis unresponsive to other treatment. (U.K.)

Effects of yttrium 90 on experimental allergic arthritis in rabbits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meier-Ruge, W [Sandoz A.G., Basel (Switzerland); Mueller, W; Pavelka, K

1976-02-01

Fifteen weeks after allergic arthritis developed in the knee joint of 17 immunized rabbits, 8 animals were given an injection of 200 ..mu..Ci yttrium 90(/sup 90/Y) into the left joint cavity and 7 were injected with 400 ..mu..Ci. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, and at 6 to 12 months after the injection. Two uninjected animals used as morphological controls were sacrificed 13 weeks after immunization, and showed allergic arthritis had progressed to severe inflammation of the knee joint marked by massive round-cell infiltration, oedema, and proliferation of synovial mesothelium in the synovial villi and joint capsule. Treatment with /sup 90/Y was effective 2 weeks after injection and the disappearance of inflammatory odema and marked regression of round-cell infiltration. This was accompanied by degeneration of the synovial mesothelium and fibrosis of the subsynovial tissue and synovial vessels as a secondary effect of the radiation. In the animals with severe allergic arthritis, the healing effects of /sup 90/Y were more marked than the secondary effects of the radiation which were dose-dependent. Treatment with /sup 90/Y of arthritic knee joints with the lowest effective dose of the isotope - if necessay with repeated application - seems justified. A single large dose does not have a greater therapeutic effect and causes more radiation damage to the joint. In view of the possible secondary effects in the joint, the indication for /sup 90/Y therapy should be restricted, particularly in young patients, to cases of chronic relapsing arthritis unresponsive to other treatment.

Spectrographic determination of strontium in yttrium-90 solutions; Determinacion espectrografica de estroncio en soluciones de itrio-90

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roca, M; Capdevila, C

1970-07-01

The copper spark method has been used for determining strontium in the concentration range 1-100 g/ml in yttrium-90 solutions containing 0,5 % or thereabouts of ammonium citrate. The influence of the citric acid as well as the ammonium citrate with regard to 2N HCL solutions has been studied: the citric acid enhances the line intensities of strontium. The employment of either barium or lanthanum as reference element compensates for this enhancement. Because of the increase in sensitivity mentioned above, the study of influence of the citric acid has been extended and several impurities usually determined in radioisotope solutions have been considered. (Author) 4 refs.

Labeling of monoclonal antibody conjugates with sup 90 Y

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Motta-Hennessy, Cecilia; Sharkey, R.M.; Goldenberg, D.M. (Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Newark, NJ (USA))

1991-01-01

An anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody, NP-4, was labeled with {sup 90}Y using p-isothiocyanatobenzyl DTPA (SCN-Bz-DTPA) and its derivatives 1-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-3-methyl-DTPA (1B3M), 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-4-methyl-DTPA (1M3B), 1-(2)-methyl-4-isothiocyanatobenzyl-DTPA (MX-DTPA) as the chelating agents. The {sup 90}Y conjugates were purified from unbound {sup 90}Y by two different methods, HPLC or acrylamide size exclusion gel chromatography, in order to evaluate the best purification method. Labeling efficiency, reaction kinetics and immunoreactivity were compared to the same antibodies labeled with ({sup 111}In)citrate. Labeling efficiency, as determined by either HPLC or ITLC (instant thin layer chromatography), was consistently higher by ITLC than HPLC for {sup 90}Y-labeled MAb, but equal for {sup 111}In-labeled MAbs. Discrepancies between the 2 methods were linked to impurities in the {sup 90}Y that remained at the origin of ITLC plates. After purification by acrylamide gel filtration, recovery was 50-60% of loaded {sup 90}Y activity, but was more than 87% for the {sup 111}In compounds. Using HPLC, the recovery measured 85% for {sup 90}Y-labeled MAb and more than 93% for {sup 111}In-labeled conjugates. Immunoreactivity of the ({sup 90}Y)MAb was comparable to the {sup 111}In-labeled conjugates. These studies indicate that HPLC purification of the ({sup 90}Y) MAbs improves recovery of activity, and suggests that impurities found in the {sup 90}Y and metal-binding properties of acrylamide may have contributed to the poor recoveries from acrylamide gels. (author).

Cation exchange resins labeled with holmium-166 for treatment of liver malignancy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costa, Renata F.; Osso Junior, Joao A.

2008-01-01

The increasing interest in new therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals is prompting investigators to utilize isotopes with more focused capabilities for treating various tumors, reducing the negative effects on neighboring healthy cells. Local radionuclide therapy using radioactive microspheres is a promising therapy for non-operable group of patients suffering from liver malignancies. Many publications have shown the success of this technique. The emphasis in the present work is the resin-based microspheres labeled with 166 Ho. The production of 166 Ho is feasible in the IEA-R1 Reactor at IPEN-CNEN/SP, because it does not need high power and high neutron fluxes. Samples of Ho 2 O 3 were irradiated in selected positions of the nuclear reactor IEA-R1 at IPEN/CNEN-SP. The neutron flux was 1.0 x10 13 n.s -1 .cm -2 for 1 hour. The dissolution of Ho 2 O 3 was studied with different volumes of 0.1M HCl and also varying the heating temperature. The AG50W-X8 200-400 mesh and CM Sephadex C-25 cation exchange resins were labeled with 166 Ho. The retention of 166 Ho in the resins was studied and also its stability. The results of the dissolution experiments of Ho 2 O 3 showed that there is a direct relation between the increasing volumes needed to dissolve higher masses, and also the positive effect of raising the temperature. The results show very good retention of 166 Ho in both columns, even when high volumes of 0.1M HCl are passed through the column containing the resins and its good stability towards saline solution, PBS solution and glucose.Although the resins employed in this work did not have the right particle size (20-50μm), the chemical behavior showed the very good labeling of the resins with 166 Ho, and its stability. (author)

90Sr content in 90Y-labeled SIR-spheres and Zevalin.

Science.gov (United States)

Metyko, John; Erwin, William; Poston, John; Jimenez, Sandra

2014-11-01

Three different 90Y internally administered radionuclide therapies are currently used in both standard-of-care and clinical trial procedures atMD Anderson Cancer Center. TheraSphere and SIR-Spheres therapies utilize 90Y-labeled microspheres, while Zevalin is an 90Y-labeled radioimmunotherapeutic agent. Several publications have indicated radionuclidic impurities resulting from 90Y production methods. The 90Y in SIR-Spheres and Zevalin are produced from a 90Sr/90Y generator, which leaves measurable quantities of 90Sr in the final product. TheraSphere 90Y is produced in a nuclear reactor which results in a large number of impurities, most notably 88Y and 91Y. Product information sheets reference these impurities with specific limits given. These limits represent a tiny fraction of the total product activity, and in the case of TheraSphere and SIR-Spheres gamma-emitting impurities, this has been verified in the literature. An analysis of 90Sr impurities in SIR-Spheres and Zevalin is presented in this paper. Impurity quantities were found to be within the vendors’ documented limits.

Non-target activity detection by post-radioembolization yttrium-90 PET/CT: Image assessment technique and case examples

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yung Hsiang eKao

2014-02-01

Full Text Available High-resolution yttrium-90 (90Y imaging of post-radioembolization microsphere biodistribution may be achieved by conventional positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (PET/CT scanners that have time-of-flight capability. However, reconstructed 90Y PET/CT images have high background noise, making non-target activity detection technically challenging. This educational article describes our image assessment technique for non-target activity detection by 90Y PET/CT which qualitatively overcomes the problem of background noise. We present selected case examples of non-target activity in untargeted liver, stomach, gallbladder, chest wall and kidney, supported by angiography and 90Y bremsstrahlung single photon emission computed tomography with integrated computed tomography (SPECT/CT or technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin SPECT/CT.

Pharmacokinetics of chimeric L6 conjugated to indium-111- and yttrium-90-DOTA-peptide in tumor-bearing mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DeNardo, S.J.; Zhong, G.R.; Salako, Q.

1995-01-01

A bifunctional chelating agent, DOTA-Gly 3 -L-(p-isothiocyanato)-phenylalanine amide (DOTA-peptide-NCS), was studied in nude mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts (HBT 3477) to determine its potential for radioimmunoconjugate therapy. Indium-111 and yttrium-90 were attached to an anti-adenocarcinoma chimeric L6 (ChL6) monoclonal antibody (MAb) after pre-chelation to the DOTA-peptide-NCS and the desired neutral radiochelates were obtained by purification. The unique characteristic of the DOTA-peptide-NCS to form neutral complexes with trivalent metals was utilized to separate the resulting 111 In and 90 Y radiochelates from excess chelating agent and other anionic by-products resulting from metal impurities. The purified radiochelates were then conjugated to ChL6. The paramacokinetics of 111 In- and 90 Y-DOTA-peptide-ChL6 were obtained for 5 days after injection in nude mice bearing HBT 3477 xenographs. The results were compared with the pharmacokinetics of 125 I-ChL6 obtained in the same mouse model. The whole-body clearance of 125 I-ChL6, 90 Y-and 111 In-DOTA-peptide-ChL6 was monoexponential with biologic half-times of 92, 104 and 160 hr, respectively. Blood clearances of the three radiopharmaceuticals were biphasic. The radiometal immunoconjugates had greater tumor uptake and slower clearances. Indium-111- and 90 Y-DOTA-peptide-ChL6 can be produced at high specific activity with fewer than one chelate per MAb by using a pre-labeling method that permits radiochelate purification by charge selection. Studies in mouse xenografts indicate that tumor uptake in enhanced and a favorable therapeutic index is achieved using these agents. 29 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs

Yttrium-labelled peptides for therapy of NET

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bodei, Lisa; Grana, Chiara M.; Chinol, Marco; Baio, Silvia M.; Paganelli, Giovanni [European Institute of Oncology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Milan (Italy); Cremonesi, Marta [European Institute of Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Milan (Italy); Severi, Stefano [Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Radiometabolic Unit, Meldola (FC) (Italy)

2012-02-15

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) consists in the systemic administration of a synthetic peptide, labelled with a suitable beta-emitting radionuclide, able to irradiate tumours and their metastases via the internalization through a specific receptor, overexpressed on the cell membrane. After 15 years of experience, we can state that PRRT with {sup 90}Y-labelled peptides is generally well tolerated. Acute side effects are usually mild, some of which are related to the co-administration of amino acids, such as nausea. Others are related to the radiopeptide, such as fatigue or the exacerbation of an endocrine syndrome, which rarely occurs in functioning tumours. Chronic and permanent effects on target organs, particularly the kidneys and the bone marrow, are generally mild if the necessary precautions are taken. Currently, the potential risk to kidney and red marrow limits the amount of radioactivity that may be administered. However, when tumour masses are irradiated with adequate doses, volume reduction may be observed. {sup 90}Y-octreotide has been the most widely used radiopeptide in the first 8-10 years of experience. Unfortunately, all of the published results derive from different and inhomogeneous phase I/II studies. Hence, a direct comparison is virtually impossible to date. Nevertheless, even with these limitations, objective responses are registered in 10-34% of patients. The optimal timing of {sup 90}Y-DOTATOC in the management of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-positive tumours and the way in which it should be integrated with other treatments have yet to be defined, and prospective phase II/III trials comparing the efficacy and toxicity of different schemes of {sup 90}Y-DOTATOC administration are still warranted. (orig.)

Yttrium-labelled peptides for therapy of NET

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bodei, Lisa; Grana, Chiara M.; Chinol, Marco; Baio, Silvia M.; Paganelli, Giovanni; Cremonesi, Marta; Severi, Stefano

2012-01-01

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) consists in the systemic administration of a synthetic peptide, labelled with a suitable beta-emitting radionuclide, able to irradiate tumours and their metastases via the internalization through a specific receptor, overexpressed on the cell membrane. After 15 years of experience, we can state that PRRT with 90 Y-labelled peptides is generally well tolerated. Acute side effects are usually mild, some of which are related to the co-administration of amino acids, such as nausea. Others are related to the radiopeptide, such as fatigue or the exacerbation of an endocrine syndrome, which rarely occurs in functioning tumours. Chronic and permanent effects on target organs, particularly the kidneys and the bone marrow, are generally mild if the necessary precautions are taken. Currently, the potential risk to kidney and red marrow limits the amount of radioactivity that may be administered. However, when tumour masses are irradiated with adequate doses, volume reduction may be observed. 90 Y-octreotide has been the most widely used radiopeptide in the first 8-10 years of experience. Unfortunately, all of the published results derive from different and inhomogeneous phase I/II studies. Hence, a direct comparison is virtually impossible to date. Nevertheless, even with these limitations, objective responses are registered in 10-34% of patients. The optimal timing of 90 Y-DOTATOC in the management of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-positive tumours and the way in which it should be integrated with other treatments have yet to be defined, and prospective phase II/III trials comparing the efficacy and toxicity of different schemes of 90 Y-DOTATOC administration are still warranted. (orig.)

Yttrium and lanthanum recovery from low cerium carbonate, yttrium carbonate and yttrium concentrate; Aproveitamento de itrio e lantanio de um carbonato de terras raras de baixo teor em cerio, de um carbonato de itrio e de um oxido de terras itricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasconcelos, Mari Estela de

2006-07-01

In this work, separation, enrichment and purification of lanthanum and yttrium were performed using as raw material a commercial low cerium rare earth concentrate named LCC (low cerium carbonate), an yttrium concentrate named 'yttrium carbonate', and a third concentrated known as 'yttrium earths oxide. The first two were industrially produced by the late NUCLEMON - NUCLEBRAS de Monazita e Associados Ltda, using Brazilian monazite. The 'yttrium earths oxide' come from a process for preparation of lanthanum during the course of the experimental work for the present thesis. The following techniques were used: fractional precipitation with urea; fractional leaching of the LCC using ammonium carbonate; precipitation of rare earth peroxycarbonates starting from the rare earth complex carbonates. Once prepared the enriched rare earth fractions the same were refined using the ion exchange chromatography with strong cationic resin without the use of retention ion and elution using the ammonium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. With the association of the above mentioned techniques were obtained pure oxides of yttrium (>97,7%), lanthanum (99,9%), gadolinium (96,6%) and samarium (99,9%). The process here developed has technical and economic viability for the installation of a large scale unity. (author)

Utility of Quantitative 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT for 90yttrium-Labelled Microsphere Treatment Planning: Calculating Vascularized Hepatic Volume and Dosimetric Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Garin, Etienne; Rolland, Yan; Lenoir, Laurence; Pracht, Marc; Mesbah, Habiba; Porée, Philippe; Laffont, Sophie; Clement, Bruno; Raoul, Jean-Luc; Boucher, Eveline

2011-01-01

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of SPECT/CT for volume measurements and to report a case illustrating the major impact of SPECT/CT in calculating the vascularized liver volume and dosimetry prior to injecting radiolabelled yttrium-90 microspheres (Therasphere). Materials and Methods. This was a phantom study, involving volume measurements carried out by two operators using SPECT and SPECT/CT images. The percentage of error for each method was calculated, and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated. A treatment using Therasphere was planned in a patient with three hepatic arteries, and the quantitative analysis of SPECT/CT for this patient is provided. Results. SPECT/CT volume measurements proved to be accurate (mean error Therasphere used. Conclusions. MAA SPECT/CT is accurate for vascularized liver volume measurements, providing a valuable contribution to the therapeutic planning of patients with complex hepatic vascularization. PMID:21822489

Treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the liver with yttrium-90 microsphere embolization.

Science.gov (United States)

Fenske, Timothy S; Benjamin, Heather; Kroft, Steven H; Hohenwalter, Eric J; Rilling, William S

2008-11-01

A 41-year-old male with a 4-year history of chronic hepatitis C presented with a 1-month history of abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. Laboratory examinations, chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT scans, PET-CT scans, ultrasound-guided needle biopsies of liver lesions, bone-marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical staining for B-cell markers including CD20. Chemoresistant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with gradual loss of CD20 antigen expression. Embolization of hepatic tumors using yttrium-90 microspheres (Therasphere, Theragenics Corporation, Buford, GA).

Labelling of 90Y- and 177Lu-DOTA-Bioconjugates for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: A Comparison among Manual, Semiautomated, and Fully Automated Synthesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michele Iori

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In spite of the hazard due to the radiation exposure, preparation of 90Y- and 177Lu-labelled radiopharmaceuticals is still mainly performed using manual procedures. In the present study the performance of a commercial automatic synthesizer based on disposable cassettes for the labelling of 177Lu- and 90Y-DOTA-conjugated biomolecules (namely, DOTATOC and PSMA-617 was evaluated and compared to a manual and a semiautomated approach. The dose exposure of the operators was evaluated as well. More than 300 clinical preparations of both 90Y- and 177Lu-labelled radiopharmaceuticals have been performed using the three different methods. The mean radiochemical yields for 90Y-DOTATOC were 96.2±4.9%, 90.3±5.6%, and 82.0±8.4%, while for 177Lu-DOTATOC they were 98.3%  ± 0.6, 90.8%  ± 8.3, and 83.1±5.7% when manual, semiautomated, and automated approaches were used, respectively. The mean doses on the whole hands for yttrium-90 preparations were 0.15±0.4 mSv/GBq, 0.04±0.1 mSv/GBq, and 0.11±0.3 mSv/GBq for manual, semiautomated, and automated synthesis, respectively, and for lutetium-177 preparations, they were 0.02±0.008 mSv/GBq, 0.01±0.03 mSv/GBq, and 0.01±0.02 mSv/GBq, respectively. In conclusion, the automated approach guaranteed reliable and reproducible preparations of pharmaceutical grade therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in a decent RCY. The radiation exposure of the operators remained comparable to the manual approach mainly due to the fact that a dedicated shielding was still not available for the system.

Development of 90Y-DOTA-nimotuzumab Fab fragment for radioimmunotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alonso Martinez, L.M.; Marylaine Perez-Malo Cruz; Rene Leyva Montana; Calzada Falcon, V.N.; Minely Zamora Barrabi; Alejandro Arbesu Valdivia; Ignacio Hernandez Gonzalez; Mariela Leon Perez

2014-01-01

Yttrium-90-( 90 Y) labeled monoclonal antibodies prepared with a chelating agent, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), have been used for radioimmunotherapy of cancer. In the present work, the Fab fragment of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab was prepared with high purity, integrity and biological activity. The Fab fragment with high specific recognition of EGFR in NCI-H125 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was derivatized with DOTA-NHS applying a simple procedure. DOTA-nimotuzumab Fab fragment was successfully radiolabeled with 90 Y with high radiochemical yield. The in vitro stability of labeled product was optimal over 24 h in buffered solution at 37 deg C. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies correctly evaluated the in vivo non-tumor uptake, dosage regimen and excretion pathway in normal Wistar rats. (author)

Yttrium synovectomy: a meta-analysis of the literature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, G.

1993-01-01

Yttrium synovectomy for chronic synovitis of the knee enjoys widespread usage in Australia with approximately 400 patients receiving yttrium-90 in 1991. Despite abundant anecdotal evidence of its efficacy there is a paucity of controlled trials and those that have been done have produced conflicting results and have been of insufficient sample size. To critically and quantitatively evaluate the published English literature on comparative trials of yttrium-90 therapy for chronic synovitis of the knee, the technique of meta-analysis was utilised. The literature search was carried out using the MeSH terms of synovectomy and knee; and yttrium. This was augmented by referring to reviews, current textbooks and back-references. Outcome measures varied between trials but could be grouped as treatment success. The Peto modification of Mantel and Haenszl was used for statistical pooling of data yielding a pooled odds ratio (OR). The literature search revealed ten controlled trials of which two were excluded from further analysis. It was found that yttrium was superior to placebo (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.02-5.73) but it is recommended that this result should be interpreted with caution due to possible publication bias. It is concluded that there is insufficient evidence from comparative trials of yttrium in the English literature to show that yttrium synovectomy is convincingly superior to triamcinolone (OR 1.89, 95% CI 0.81-10.55) or other active modalities (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.72-1.52). 25 refs., 4 tabs

Yttrium-90 and indium-111 labelling, receptor binding and biodistribution of [DOTA0,d-Phe1,Tyr3[octreotide, a promising somatostatin analogue for radionuclide therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jong, M. de; Bakker, W.H.; Krenning, E.P.; Breeman, W.A.P.; Pluijm, M.E. van der; Bernard, B.F.; Visser, T.J.; Jermann, E.; Behe, M.; Powell, P.; Maecke, H.R.

1997-01-01

In vitro octreotide receptor binding of [ 111 In-DOTA 0 ,d-Phe 1 ,Tyr 3 [octreotide ( 111 In-DOTATOC) and the in vivo metabolism of 90 Y- or 111 In-labelled DOTATOC were investigated in rats in comparison with [ 111 In-DTPA 0 [octreotide [ 111 In-DTPAOC). 111 In-DOTATOC was found to have an affinity similar to octreotide itself for the octreotide receptor in rat cerebral cortex microsomes. Twenty-four hours after injection of 90 Y- or 111 In-labelled DOTATOC, uptake of radioactivity in the octreotide receptor-expressing tissues pancreas, pituitary, adrenals and tumour was a factor of 2-6 that after injection of 111 In-DTPAOC. Uptake of labelled DOTATOC in pituitary, pancreas, adrenals and tumour was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with 0.5 mg unlabelled octreotide, indicating specific binding to the octreotide receptors. These findings strongly indicate that 90 Y-DOTATOC is a promising radiopharmaceutical for radiotherapy and that 111 In-DOTATOC is of potential value for diagnosis of patients with octreotide receptor-positive lesions, such as most neuroendocrine tumours. (orig.). With 3 figs., 2 tabs

Studying on process for labeling of EDTMP with 90Y using for bone pain palliation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pham Ngoc Dien; Duong Van Dong; Dang Ho Hong Quang; Nguyen Thanh Binh; Bui Van Cuong; Nguyen Dang Khoa; Nguyen Thi Thu; Mai Phuoc Tho; Vo Cam Hoa

2013-01-01

This Study describes the method for preparation of labelling compound Ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) with 90 Y. Malignant cancer is one of the most important resulting in human death. Bone metastases in nearly 25% of all cancer patients; so it is useful to develop radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of bone cancer. Yttrium-90 is high energy (2.3 MeV) beta emitter required with a physical haft life of 2.7 days which has limited bone-seeking properties. Its physical properties make it ideal for therapeutic application, the most energetic beta emission being able to penetrate to 1 cm from the site of deposition in soft tissue with an average range of approximately 4 mm. Theoretically, therefore, it can penetrate all marrow spaces in normal trabecular bone and conceivably even to the centre of large tumours where bone destruction may be extensive. Specific deposition of 90 Y into the skeleton demands its delivery in a chemical form with affinity for bone mineral alone. Compounds with these properties are the phosphonate analogues of polyaminocarboxylic acids, and one in particular EDTMP (ethylen diamine tetra methylene phosphonate) has already been used to target 153 Sm to bone mineral with success. Because of chemical similarities between 90 Y and the rare earths, EDTMP should form stable complexes with 90 Y and carry it specifically to the bone with comparable efficiency. Skeletal uptake of β - emitting radionuclides may be used for bone pain palliation or myeloablation. The physical characteristics of the β - particles required for the two conditions are, however, different, that is, higher energies are favorable for destruction of bone marrow. (author)

Use of yttrium-90 hydroxyapatite radiosynovectomy as a primary modality of treatment in diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint: A first case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamaleshwaran, Koramadai Karuppusamy; Rajan, David; Krishnan, Boopathi; Gounder, Thirumalaisamy Subbaih; Chakraborty, Sudipta; Kalarickal, Radhakrishnan; Mohanan, Vyshakh; Shinto, Ajit Sugunan

2015-01-01

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, relatively benign, intra-articular lesion characterized by a slowly progressive proliferation of synovial tissue. Knee is the most frequently involved joint. Localized and diffuse forms of synovial involvement were reported. In extensive diffuse cases, total synovectomy is needed, almost impossible to achieve. Hence, other treatment modalities such as intra-articular injection of yttrium-90 have been tried and shown to be effective in reducing the rate of local recurrence with “acceptable” joint damage. Radiosynovectomy is based on the irradiation of the joint synovium by the intra-articular administration of various β-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. We describe the first case report of use of yttrium-90 hydroxyapatite particulates in a 33-year-old male who presented with diffuse PVNS of knee joint as a primary modality of treatment

Radioimmunotherapy of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with Yttrium-90 labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy does not preclude subsequent chemotherapy or autologous hematologic stem cell transplantation therapy in most patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiseman, G.A.; Witzig, T.E.; Ansell, S.M.; Ristow, K.M.

2002-01-01

Introduction: Yttrium-90 (Y-90) labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (ibritumomab tiuxetan or Zevalin TM ) is a novel therapy for patients with relapsed CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Patients treated with Zevalin radioimmunotherapy (RIT) are limited from higher doses due to transient and reversible platelet and neutrophil suppression. Patients with indolent NHL who relapse or are refractory to chemotherapy have a 70-80% overall response rate and a 20-30% complete response rate when treated with Zevalin RIT. Therefore additional treatment is required in a minority of patients shortly after Zevalin therapy and in many others at relapse. Relapsed patients are generally treated with chemotherapy alone or high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous transplantation. We wanted to evaluate the ability of patients to tolerate subsequent therapy given at relapse following Zevalin RIT. Methods: We had 58 patients who relapsed after receiving Zevalin RIT and later received additional therapy. The clinical records and lab results were reviewed and compared with a matched control group of patients treated prior to Zevalin availability who received chemotherapy without prior Zevalin RIT. Results: The toxicity in 58 patients treated with Zevalin RIT and subsequent therapy was not significantly different from the control group who did not receive Zevalin RIT. Patients had a median of two subsequent therapies (range, 1-7) after Zevalin. Twenty eight percent required blood cell growth factor support with subsequent chemotherapy and 2 patients required reductions from the standard chemotherapy doses due to prolonged myelosuppression. Eight patients subsequently had successful autologous hematologic stem cell transplant with cells collected after Zevalin. Thirteen of the 58 patients (28%) treated with standard dose chemotherapy were hospitalized for neutropenic fever or thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: Chemotherapy or high dose chemotherapy with autologous transplantation

Rapid determination of 90Sr impurities in freshly 'generator eluted'90Y for radiopharmaceutical preparation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonardi, Mauro L.; Martano, Luigi; Groppi, Flavia; Chinol, Marco

2009-01-01

90 Y is one of the most useful radionuclides for radioimmunotherapeutic applications and has a half-life (t 1/2 =64.14 h) suitable for most therapeutic applications, beta particles of high energy and decays to a stable daughter. It is significant that 90 Y is available conveniently and inexpensively from a radionuclide 'generator' by decay of its parent, 90 Sr. Nevertheless, current and planned clinical applications with [ 90 Y] labelled compounds employ activity levels that cannot be readily obtained from an in-house generator, but from commercial sources. We have evaluated Eichrom's Sr-resin, either as an 'in-house' generator or as a fast QC method for analysis of 90 Y solutions. In particular, for the development as a generator, we investigated the percentage of the radio-Sr in the first 8 M HNO 3 eluate: in this fraction the concentration of 90 Sr must be smaller than 10 -5 % (recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection). For evaluation as a rapid QC method, we analyzed the concentration of 90 Y in all the fractions containing 'only' radio-Sr: 90 Y should not be present in these eluates. After the collection of β - and γ spectra and analysis of them, we concluded that commercial Sr-resin minicolumn cannot give us the results expected; we developed an in-house system loaded with 4 mL of Sr-resin which gave better results as a generator and a rapid QC method.

{sup 90}Y microspheres prepared by sol-gel method, promising medical material for radioembolization of liver malignancies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Łada, Wiesława, E-mail: w.lada@ichtj.waw.pl [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Dorodna 16 (Poland); Iller, Edward [National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Andrzej Sołtan 7 (Poland); Wawszczak, Danuta [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Dorodna 16 (Poland); Konior, Marcin, E-mail: marcin.konior@polatom.pl [National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Andrzej Sołtan 7 (Poland); Dziel, Tomasz [National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Andrzej Sołtan 7 (Poland)

2016-10-01

A new technology for the production of radiopharmaceutical {sup 90}Y microspheres in the form of spherical yttrium oxide grains obtained by sol-gel method has been described. The authors present and discuss the results of investigations performed in the development of new production technology of yttrium microspheres and determination of their physic-chemical properties. The final product has the structure of spherical yttrium oxide grains with a diameter 25–100 μm, is stable and free from contaminants. Irradiation of 20 mg samples of grains with diameter of 20–50 μm in the thermal neutron flux of 1.7 × 10{sup 14} cm{sup −2} s{sup −1} at the core of MARIA research nuclear reactor allowed to obtain microspheres labelled with the {sup 90}Y isotope on the way of the nuclear reaction {sup 89}Y(n, γ){sup 90}Y. Specific activity of irradiated microspheres has been determined by application of absolute triple to double coincidence ratio method (TDCR) and has been evaluated at 190 MBq/mg Y. {sup 90}Y microspheres prepared by the proposed technique can be regarded as a promising medical material for radioembolization of liver malignancies. - Highlights: • Sol-gel methods for preparation of spherical yttrium trioxide grains have been proposed. • Determination condition for irradiation {sup 89}Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} grains in nuclear reactor • Evaluation of specific activity of {sup 90}Y microspheres • Estimation of {sup 90}Y microspheres as promising medical material for radioembolization.

Synthesis, Radiolabelling and In Vitro Characterization of the Gallium-68-, Yttrium-90- and Lutetium-177-Labelled PSMA Ligand, CHX-A''-DTPA-DUPA-Pep.

Science.gov (United States)

Baur, Benjamin; Solbach, Christoph; Andreolli, Elena; Winter, Gordon; Machulla, Hans-Jürgen; Reske, Sven N

2014-04-29

Since prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been identified as a diagnostic target for prostate cancer, many urea-based small PSMA-targeting molecules were developed. First, the clinical application of these Ga-68 labelled compounds in positron emission tomography (PET) showed their diagnostic potential. Besides, the therapy of prostate cancer is a demanding field, and the use of radiometals with PSMA bearing ligands is a valid approach. In this work, we describe the synthesis of a new PSMA ligand, CHX-A''-DTPA-DUPA-Pep, the subsequent labelling with Ga-68, Lu-177 and Y-90 and the first in vitro characterization. In cell investigations with PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 cells, KD values of ≤14.67 ± 1.95 nM were determined, indicating high biological activities towards PSMA. Radiosyntheses with Ga-68, Lu-177 and Y-90 were developed under mild reaction conditions (room temperature, moderate pH of 5.5 and 7.4, respectively) and resulted in nearly quantitative radiochemical yields within 5 min.

Synthesis, Radiolabelling and In Vitro Characterization of the Gallium-68-, Yttrium-90- and Lutetium-177-Labelled PSMA Ligand, CHX-A''-DTPA-DUPA-Pep

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benjamin Baur

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Since prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA has been identified as a diagnostic target for prostate cancer, many urea-based small PSMA-targeting molecules were developed. First, the clinical application of these Ga-68 labelled compounds in positron emission tomography (PET showed their diagnostic potential. Besides, the therapy of prostate cancer is a demanding field, and the use of radiometals with PSMA bearing ligands is a valid approach. In this work, we describe the synthesis of a new PSMA ligand, CHX-A''-DTPA-DUPA-Pep, the subsequent labelling with Ga-68, Lu-177 and Y-90 and the first in vitro characterization. In cell investigations with PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 cells, KD values of ≤14.67 ± 1.95 nM were determined, indicating high biological activities towards PSMA. Radiosyntheses with Ga-68, Lu-177 and Y-90 were developed under mild reaction conditions (room temperature, moderate pH of 5.5 and 7.4, respectively and resulted in nearly quantitative radiochemical yields within 5 min.

90Y of high purity for medical applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castillo, A.X.; Alvarez, E.O.; Olive, K.I.

2001-01-01

Several 90 Sr/ 90 Y-generator systems have been developed and used to produce 90 Y. The most important parameter of the 90 Y to be assayed is 90 Sr content. In addition, when labelling monoclonal antibodies for therapy trace metal quantities accompanying 90 Y (Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , ZrO 2+ , etc.) are to be kept as low as possible in order to obtain high labelling efficiencies. Generally generators' lifetime is limited due to the 90 Sr breakthrough which increases in eluates as a result of the radiolytic degradation of the resin used as support. In the study a described procedure for 90 Y purification from metal contamination is modified in order to lower the amount of 90 Sr present in eluates from generators. As a result a very low 90 Sr content is always assured ( 90 Sr/ 90 Y -6 ). (author)

Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 microspheres for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhangoo, Munveer Singh; Karnani, Diraj R; Hein, Paul N; Giap, Huan; Knowles, Harry; Issa, Chris; Steuterman, Steve; Pockros, Paul; Frenette, Catherine

2015-10-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is aggressive primary malignancy of the liver that most commonly presents late in the disease course. As a result, the majority of patients are not candidates for curative therapies. Locoregional therapies including Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization play an important role in management of the vast majority of patients with HCC. Patients with unnresectable HCC (n=17) treated with Y-90 radioembolization from 2005 to 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Data was abstracted from medical records including patient charts, laboratory data, and imaging. Toxicities were recorded using Common Terminology Criteria 3.0. Response was recorded according to modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria. Seventeen patients received 33 treatments with Y-90 radioembolization. A majority (65%) received TheraSphere with a minority (35%) receiving SIR-Spheres. The median treatment activity delivered was 1.725 gBq (range, 1.4-2.5 gBq). The median treatment dose delivered was 100 Gy (range, 90-120 Gy). The median lung shunt fraction was 2.02% (range, 1.5-4.1%). The most common clinical toxicity among all patients was nausea and vomiting (59%), primarily grade 1 and 2. Other post-treatment findings included abdominal pain (29%), fatigue (53%), and weight loss (18%). One patient developed a grade 5 gastric ulcer after the treatment. A clinical benefit, defined as patients achieving complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD), was seen in 48% of patients. PR was seen in 24% of cases; progressive disease (PD) was noted in 35%. Patients survived for a median of 8.4 months (range, 1.3 to 21.1 months) after the first radioembolization treatment. Median survival after Y-90 treatment was 8.4 months among patients treated TheraSphere as compared with 7.8 months in patients treated with SIR-Spheres. The mean overall survival from the time of diagnosis was 11.7 months (range, 3.4 to 43.2 months). For patients with unresectable HCC, Y-90

A dosing method in the same time of the radiocesium and the radiostrontium in natural waters; Dosage simultane du cesium 137 et des strontium 89 et 90 dans les eaux naturelles

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Scheidhauer, J; Messainguiral, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Marcoule (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

Prior a concentration and an unselective elution are effected by the way of an exchange resin. The cesium is absorbed on ammonium molybdophosphate precipitated with hydrofluoric acid after radium elimination. The strontium is stripped in concentrated nitric acid, precipitated in the form of strontium carbonate and then counted near the radioactive balance. At last the yttrium is separated by the thenoyltrifluoroacetone and counted on a counting device. From the outset of this paper, an analysis of the method is explained. (author) [French] On opere d'abord une concentration sur resine et une elution non selective. Le cesium est absorbe sur un precipite de phosphomolybdate d'ammonium en presence d'acide fluorhydrique, apres separation du radium. Le strontium est traite a l'acide nitrique concentre, precipite sous forme de carbonate et compte au voisinage de l'equilibre radioactif ({sup 90}Sr {sup 9O}y ). L'yttrium 90 est ensuite separe a la thenoyltrifluoracetone et compte. Une etude de la methode est presentee au debut de ce memoire. (auteur)

Determination of 90Sr in low-level radioactive wastes using extraction chromatography and LSC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Temba, Eliane S.C.; Reis Junior, Aluisio S.; Mingote, Raquel M.; Monteiro, Roberto P.G.

2009-01-01

A procedure for the determination of 90 Sr in low-level radioactive wastes is presented in this work. It is a part of a methodology developed for the sequential radiochemical separation of radionuclides in low-level radioactive wastes. These radionuclides comprises the actinides and 55 Fe, 63 Ni and 90 Sr, classified as difficult-to-measure (DTM) radionuclides in the radioactive waste characterization, because they cannot be measured by direct measurements, like gamma spectrometry. A variety of methods have been reported in the literature, based on precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and ion exchange. In this work, the separation was carried out using precipitation and extraction chromatography using the Sr Resin (Eichrom). This resin is strontium-selective, the extractant is a crown ether-derivative immobilized on an inert polymeric support. The 90 Sr eluted from column was measured by LSC. The counting was carried out within 5 hours of the start of yttrium ingrowth to minimize interferences from 90 Y. The counting efficiency was calculated by using a 90 Sr standard solution purified by the specific resin. The chemical yield of the procedure was determined gravimetrically by the addition of a stable Sr carrier. Optimum conditions for the pretreatment, separation and LSC setting were determined using simulated samples. This procedure showed to be rapid and achieved a good chemical recovery, with an average of 84 %, and a detection limit of 0.6 Bq L -1 . (author)

Phase II trial of yttrium-90-DOTA-biotin pretargeted by NR-LU-10 antibody/streptavidin in patients with metastatic colon cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knox, S J.; Goris, M L.; Tempero, M.; Weiden, P L.; Gentner, L.; Breitz, H.; Adams, G. P.; Axworthy, D.; Gaffigan, S.; Bryan, K.; Fisher, Darrell R.; Colcher, D; Horak, I D.; Weiner, L M.

1999-01-01

A Phase II study of yttrium-90-tetra-azacyclododecanetetra-acetic acid-biotin (Y-90-DOTA-biotin) pretargeted by NR-LU-10 antibody/streptavidin (SA) was performed. The primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this therapy in patients with metastatic colon cancer. Twenty-five patients were treated with a single dose of 110 mCi/m 2 (mean administered dose, 106.5-10.3 mCi/m 2 ) of Y-90-DOTA-biotin. There were three components of the therapy. Patients first received NR-LU-10/SA on day 1. A clearing agent (biotin-galactose-human serum albumin) was administered 48 h after the NR-LU-10/SA to remove residual circulating unbound NR-LU-10/SA. Lastly, 24 h after administration of clearing agent, patients received biotin-DOTA-labeled with 110 mCi/m 2 Y-90. All three components of the therapy were administered i.v. Both hematological and nonhematological toxicities were observed. Diarrhea was the most frequent grade 4 nonhematological toxicity (16%; with 16% grade 3 diarrhea). Hematological toxicity was less severe with 8% grade 3 and 8% grade 4 neutropenia and 8% grade 3 and 16% grade 4 thrombocytopenia. The overall response rate was 8%. Two partial responders had freedom from progression of 16 weeks. Four patients (16%) had stable disease with freedom from progression of 10-20 weeks. Despite the relatively disappointing results of this study in terms of therapeutic efficacy and toxicity, proof of principle was obtained for the pretargeting approach. In addition, valuable new information was obtained about normal tissue tolerance to low-dose-rate irradiation that will help to provide useful guidelines for future study designs

Temporary Arterial Balloon Occlusion as an Adjunct to Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

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Hagspiel, Klaus D., E-mail: kdh2n@virginia.edu [University of Virginia Health System, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging (United States); Nambiar, Ashwin, E-mail: uvashwin@gmail.com [SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Radiology (United States); Hagspiel, Lauren M., E-mail: lmh4gg@virginia.edu [University of Virginia, College of Arts and Sciences (United States); Ahmad, Ehab Ali, E-mail: ehabradiodiagnosis@yahoo.com [Minia University, Department of Radiology (Egypt); Bozlar, Ugur, E-mail: ubozlar@yahoo.com [Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Radiology (Turkey)

2013-06-15

Purpose. This study was designed to describe the technique of arterial occlusion using a temporary occlusion balloon system as an alternative to coil occlusion during Yttrium-90 radioembolization of hepatic tumors. Methods. Review of charts, angiography, and follow-up imaging studies of consecutive patients undergoing oncological embolization procedures in which a HyperForm system (ev3 Neurovascular, Irvine, CA) was used. Intraprocedural target vessel occlusion and patency of the target vessel on follow-up were recorded. Clinical data and Bremsstrahlung scans were reviewed for evidence of nontarget embolization. Results. Four radioembolization procedures were performed in three patients (all female, age 48-54 (mean 52) years). Five arteries were temporarily occluded (three gastroduodenal arteries, one right gastric artery, and one cystic artery). All radioembolization procedures were successfully completed. Follow-up imaging (either digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA)) was available for all patients between 28-454 (mean 183) days following the procedure, demonstrating all five vessels to be patent. No clinical or imaging evidence for nontarget embolization was found. Conclusions. Temporary balloon occlusion of small and medium-sized arteries during radioembolization allows safe therapy with preserved postprocedural vessel patency on early and midterm follow-up.

Adsorption of 90Sr and 90Y by bottom-set beds in the Atlantic ocean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gromov, V.V.; Shakhova, N.F.; Emel'yanov, E.M.

1978-01-01

The behaviour of 90 Sr and 90 Y has been studied in an adsorption system of sea water-bottom-set beds of the Atlantic ocean (red clay; pelitic silt). It has been shown that strontium is present in the sea water in one form, viz, Sr 2+ . Adsorption of 90 Sr with bottom-set beds follows the ion-exchange mechanism. Yttrium is present in the sea water at least three forms (two absorbable and one non-absorbable). Yttrium-90 adsorption is an irreversible process and only about 10% 90 Y is desorbed by the sea water from red clay and silt

Studies for the yttrium determination by activation analysis, in the presence of lanthanides. Application of the substoichiometric technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, D.I.T. da.

1978-01-01

Some methods using extraction chromatography for the separation of yttrium from the lanthanide elements were applied. The separation of yttrium was studied, using di-(2 ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid as stationary phase, Kieselguhr as support and HNO 3 of concentration between 4,5 and 5,0 N as the mobile phase. In these conditions, about 50% of pure yttrium was obtained. The substoichiometric technique was applied to the determination of yttrium. The elements was partially complexed and the Y 3 + ions were separated from the complex (EDTA-Y) - by means of a cationic resin. The sensitivity, precision and accuracy which can be expected in the analytical results were studied. The possibility of the analysis of a sample containing 1 part per million of yttrium with an error just above 8% was demonstrated. It was also shown that, admitting an error of 10%, it is possible to determine 60 parts per billion of yttrium [pt

SU-C-204-01: A Dosimetric Investigation Into the Effects of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization On the GI Tract: In-Vivo and Histological Analysis in An Animal Model

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Pasciak, A [University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN (United States); The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN (United States); Nodit, L; Bourgeois, A; Bradley, Y [The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN (United States); Paxton, B [Duke university medical center, Durham, NC (United States); Arepally, A [Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (United States)

2016-06-15

Purpose: In Yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization, non-target embolization (NTE) to the stomach or small bowel can result in ulceration, a rare but difficult to manage clinical complication. However, dosimetric thresholds for toxicity to these tissues from radioembolization have never been evaluated in a controlled setting. We performed an analysis of the effect of 90Y radioembolization in a porcine model at different absorbed-dose endpoints. Methods: Under approval of the University of Tennessee IACUC, 6 female pigs were included in this study. Animals underwent transfemoral angiography and infusion of calibrated dosages of 90Y resin microspheres into arteries supplying part of the gastric wall. A 99mTc-MAA simulation study was performed first to determine perfused tissue volume for treatment planning along with contrast-enhanced CT. The pigs were monitored for side effects for 9 weeks, after which time they were euthanized and their upper gastrointestinal tracts were harvested for analysis. Results: 90Y radioembolization was infused resulting in average absorbed doses of between 35.5 and 91.9 Gy to the gastric wall. No animal exhibited any signs of pain or gastrointestinal distress through the duration of the study. Excised tissue showed 1–2 small (<3.0 cm2) healed or healing superficial gastric lesions in 5 out of 6 animals. Histologic analysis demonstrated that lesion location was superficial to areas of abnormally high microsphere deposition. An analysis of microsphere deposition patterns within the gastric wall indicated a high preference for submucosal deposition. Dosimetric evaluation at the luminal mucosa performed based on microsphere deposition patterns confirmed that 90Y dosimetry techniques conventionally used in hepatic dosimetry provide a reasonable estimate of absorbed dose. Conclusion: The upper gastrointestinal tract may be less sensitive to 90Y radioembolization than previously thought. Lack of charged-particle equilibrium at the luminal mucosa

A Woman with Black Beads in Her Stomach: Severe Gastric Ulceration Caused by Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Indu S. Voruganti

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Radioembolization (RE is a selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT delivering targeted, high-dose, intra-arterial radiation directly to the vascular supply of liver tumors. Complications can occur due to aberrant deposition or migration of radiation microspheres into nontarget locations, including normal hepatic parenchyma, lungs, pancreas, and upper gastrointestinal (UGI tract. We report a case of gastric ulcers due to yttrium-90 (90Y seed migration to the stomach to alert clinicians to this rare cause of gastric injury. A 57-year-old woman with stage IV breast cancer with liver and lung metastases presented to the hospital with 2 months of worsening nausea and vomiting. Two months prior, she had received SIRT with 90Y microspheres without complications. Upper GI endoscopy showed diffuse gastritis and extensive antral ulceration. Biopsies revealed black, spherical foreign bodies, consistent with 90Y microspheres, documenting radiation injury. Radiation-induced UGI ulceration is caused by direct radiation injury from beta-radiation. Delay in diagnosis may be due to the nonspecificity of symptoms and temporal delay of symptom onset from SIRT, which was 2 months in our patient. Also, complaints may be attributed erroneously to adjuvant chemotherapy or widespread metastatic disease. Clinicians must consider radiation-associated toxicity in any SIRT-treated patient developing abdominal symptoms.

Electrochemical separation of 90-yttrium in the electrochemical 90Sr/90Y generator and its use for radiolabelling of DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analog [DOTA0, Tyr3] octreotate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petrović Đorđe Ž.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Radiopharmaceuticals based on 90Y are widely used in the treatment of malignant deseases. In order to meet the requirements for their future application, a 90Sr/90Y generator was developed and 90Y eluted from this locally produced generator was used for the radiolabelling of the DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analog [DOTA0,Tyr3] octreotate and the preparation of [90Y-DOTA0,Tyr3] octreotate (90Y-DOTATATE for peptide receptore radionuclide therapy. 90Sr/90Y generator was based on the electrochemical separation of 90Y from 90Sr in a two-cycle electrolysis procedure. Three electrode cells were used to perform both electrolyses. In both cycles, working electrodes were kept on constant potential. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 2.7 of the value before the electrolyses. The radionuclidic purity of the 90Y solution was analysed by ITLC and extraction paper chromatography. The labelling of peptide (100 mg DOTATATE with 90YCl3 was performed at 95°C for 30 minutes. Radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC and chromatographic separation, using a solid SepPak C-18 column. Results obtained confirmed the efficiency of our electrochemical separation technique and quality control methods for 90Y. The achieved efficiency of the 90Sr/90Y generator above 96% of the theoretical value represents a good basis for the further development of this generator. The labelling of the DOTATATE with 90Y exhibited a high efficiency, too: there was less than 1% of 90Y3+in the 90Y-DOTATATE.

Treatment of exhaust fluorescent lamps to recover yttrium: Experimental and process analyses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Michelis, Ida; Ferella, Francesco; Varelli, Ennio Fioravante; Veglio, Francesco

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Recovery of yttrium from spent fluorescent lamps by sulphuric acid leaching. → The use of sulphuric acid allows to reduce calcium dissolutions. → Main contaminant of fluorescent powder are Si, Pb, Ca and Ba. → Hydrated yttrium oxalate, recovered by selective precipitation, is quite pure (>90%). → We have studied the whole process for the treatment of dangerous waste (plant capability). - Abstract: The paper deals with recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powder coming from dismantling of spent fluorescent tubes. Metals are leached by using different acids (nitric, hydrochloric and sulphuric) and ammonia in different leaching tests. These tests show that ammonia is not suitable to recover yttrium, whereas HNO 3 produces toxic vapours. A full factorial design is carried out with HCl and H 2 SO 4 to evaluate the influence of operating factors. HCl and H 2 SO 4 leaching systems give similar results in terms of yttrium extraction yield, but the last one allows to reduce calcium extraction with subsequent advantage during recovery of yttrium compounds in the downstream. The greatest extraction of yttrium is obtained by 20% w/v S/L ratio, 4 N H 2 SO 4 concentration and 90 deg. C. Yttrium and calcium yields are nearly 85% and 5%, respectively. The analysis of variance shows that acid concentration alone and interaction between acid and pulp density have a significant positive effect on yttrium solubilization for both HCl and H 2 SO 4 medium. Two models are empirically developed to estimate yttrium and calcium concentration during leaching. Precipitation tests demonstrate that at least the stoichiometric amount of oxalic acid is necessary to recover yttrium efficiently and a pure yttrium oxalate n-hydrate can be produced (99% grade). The process is economically feasible if other components of the fluorescent lamps (glass, ferrous and non-ferrous scraps) are recovered after the equipment dismantling and valorized, besides the cost that is usually paid

Right Gastric Artery Embolization Prior to Treatment with Yttrium-90 Microspheres

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cosin, Octavio; Bilbao, Jose Ignacio; Alvarez, Sergio; Luis, Esther de; Alonso, Alberto; Martinez-Cuesta, Antonio

2007-01-01

Purpose. Intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres is a form of radiation treatment for unresectable hepatic neoplasms. Misdeposition of particles in the gastroduodenal area such as the right gastric artery (RGA) may occur with serious consequences. We present a series of patients who underwent a detailed vascular study followed by RGA embolization. Special emphasis is placed on anatomic variations and technical considerations .Methods. In a 1 year period, 27 patients were treated. Initial vascular evaluation was performed, with careful attention to anatomic variants or extrahepatic arterial supply, especially to the gastroduodenal area. Embolization of such arteries was planned if needed. RGA embolization was performed antegradely from the hepatic artery or retrogradely via the left gastric artery (LGA). Postprocedural follow-up included clinical interview and gastroscopy if necessary. Results. RGA embolization was performed in 9 patients presenting with primary (n = 3) or metastatic liver tumors (n 6). Six patients underwent antegrade RGA embolization and 3 had embolization done retrogradely via the LGA. Retrograde access was chosen for anatomic reasons. None of the patients complained of gastroduodenal symptoms. Conclusion. RGA embolization can help minimize the gastroduodenal deposition of radioactive particles. RGA embolization should routinely be carried out. The procedure can be performed, with similar technical success, by both anterograde and retrograde approaches

Hepatobiliary effects of 90yttrium microsphere therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Nalesnik, Michael A; Federle, Michael; Buck, David; Fontes, Paulo; Carr, Brian I

2009-01-01

(90)Yttrium (Therasphere) microspheres administered via hepatic artery are a valuable option for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. This therapy targets tumor nodules while largely sparing hepatic parenchyma. This retrospective study examines liver explants from 13 adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received intrahepatic Theraspheres and subsequently underwent liver transplantation. Histopathologic and laboratory reviews are performed. Theraspheres preferentially migrated to the lobe(s) supplied by the injected artery branches and frequently localized to tumors. Tumors showed a chronology of changes beginning with confluent necrosis typically accompanied by hemorrhage and later by fibrinoid change. This was followed by fibrosis with regenerative activity at tumor peripheries. Adjacent hepatic parenchyma went through a similar sequence of injury and repair that could lead to markedly fibrotic cirrhotic nodules in the vicinity of treated tumors. No consistent pattern of thrombomodulin loss was seen in endothelial cells of the tumors or adjacent parenchyma, suggesting that direct endothelial cell injury was likely not a major contributor to the necrotic process. However, the pattern of injury and repair is suggestive of a localized and subclinical form of radiation-induced liver disease. The pathologist should be aware of these changes to distinguish them from the diffuse "radiation hepatitis" associated with older forms of radiotherapy.

Attempts at treating rheumatoid arthritis with radioactive yttrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scott, J.T.

1979-01-01

Two years' observations on 33 knee joints in 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis did not prove a therapeutic effect of Y 90 , which was tested in a randomized study against non-radioactive yttrium. It was noticable that 9 knee joints of the isotope group but only one of the control group became unstable. Independent of the yttrium treatment, significant improvement was noticed in patients where fibrin clots had been washed out of the joints in the course of arthroscopies. (orig.) [de

Development of Technology for the Preparation of 90Sr/90Y Generators at the Radiopharmacy Directory of IPEN/CNEN-SP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrio, Graciela

2010-01-01

90 Y (T /2 = 2,67 d; Eβmax = 2,28 MeV) is a radionuclide with efficacy established for various cancer therapies, labeling biomolecules and treating of radiosinovectomy. Due to its nuclear properties, is obtained through the decay of 90 Sr T /2 = 28 y in the form of a generator. Several types of 90 Sr/ 90 Y generators were developed, and the most employed are the cation exchange resins, where Sr and Y are adsorbed and 90 Y is selectively eluted with acetate or EDTA. The disadvantage of this type of generator is the radiolysis, which degrades its use. The electrochemical generator is a proposed solution because there is no significant effect of radiation. In this concept, the difference between the electrochemical potentials of the elements Sr and Y is used to obtain a rapid separation of 90 Y from 90 Sr. The production of 90 Y via colloid formation is the simplest method for the separation, based on the colloid formation of Y in high alkaline pH, which can be filtered and separated from Sr, and subsequently dissolved in HCl. The objective of this work was the development of technologies for the preparation of 90 Sr/ 90 Y generators, and three technologies were developed: generators using cation resins columns, generators through colloid formation and electrochemical generators. Radionuclidic quality control of 90 Y was also evaluated by liquid scintillation, radionuclide identity, extraction paper chromatography (EPC) using complexing agents for 90 Y and by Optical Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES). The results showed that generators using cation resins have the best results related to the elution efficiency (∼83%), the reproducibility and radionuclidic purity. The electrochemical generator showed a potential for development, having the advantage of not suffering the effects of radiolysis of the pair 90 Sr/ 90 Y as the resin. A comparison and evaluation of the methods of the radionuclidic quality control showed that the EPC is very

Lung Shunt Fraction prior to Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Predicts Survival in Patients with Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases: Single-Center Prospective Analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ludwig, Johannes M.; Ambinder, Emily McIntosh; Ghodadra, Anish; Xing, Minzhi; Prajapati, Hasmukh J.; Kim, Hyun S.

2016-01-01

ObjectiveTo investigate survival outcomes following radioembolization with Yttrium-90 (Y90) for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NETLMs). This study was designed to assess the efficacy of Y90 radioembolization and to evaluate lung shunt fraction (LSF) as a predictor for survival.MethodsA single-center, prospective study of 44 consecutive patients (median age: 58.5 years, 29.5 % male) diagnosed with pancreatic (52.3 %) or carcinoid (47.7 %) NETLMs from 2006 to 2012 who underwent Y90 radioembolization was performed. Patients’ baseline characteristics, including LSF and median overall survival (OS) from first Y90 radioembolization, were recorded and compared between patients with high (≥10 %) and low ( 1.2 mg (p = 0.016), and lack of pretreatment with octreotide (p = 0.01) as independent prognostic factors for poorer survival. Tumor type and total radiation dose did not predict survival.ConclusionsLSF ≥10 %, elevated bilirubin levels, and lack of pretreatment with octreotide were found to be independent prognostic factors for poorer survival in patients with NETLMs.

Attempted treatment of meningeosis leucaemica by intrathecal application of 90-silicate and 90Y-citrate colloid in a case of chronic myleoic leukaemia; Behandlungsversuch einer Meningeosis leucaemica durch intrathekale Applikation von {sup 90}Y-Silikat- und {sup 90}Y-Zitrat-Kolloid bei chronisch-myleoischer Leukaemie

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Kittner, C.; Schuemichen, C. [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Steiner, B.; Kahl, C.; Wolff, D.; Freund, M. [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Innere Medizin, Abt. fuer Haematologie; Putzar, H.; Roesler, K.; Hauenstein, K.H. [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Diagnostische und Interventionalle Radiologie

2003-12-01

A 41-year-old man with chronic myeoloic leukaemia was treated for Meningeosis leucaemica by intrathecal application of yttrium-90-citrate colloide as palliative therapy. (orig.) [German] Wir berichten ueber einen 41-jaehrigen Mann mit chronisch-myeloischer Leukaemie bei dem eine Meningeosis leucaemica durch eine intrathekale Applikation von Yttrium-90-Zitrat-Kolloid palliativ therapiert wurde. (orig.)

Evaluation of the parameters of SPECT images for yttrium-90 in radiosinoviorthesis; Avaliação dos parâmetros de aquisição de imagens SPECT para ítrio-90 em radiosinoviortese

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Toledo, B.C. de; Sáa, L.V. de, E-mail: bruce.de.toledo@gmail.com [Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Física Médica; Ramos, S.M.; Coelho, F.A.; Thomas, S.; Souza, S.A. de; Pinheiro, M.A. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho

2017-07-01

Introduction: the evaluation of the distribution of radioactive material in the articulation by SPECT images after radiosinoviorthesis (RSO) can guarantee the efficacy of this therapy. However, Bremsstrahlung image quality has major limitations, necessitating studies on SPECT image acquisition parameters and yttrium-90 image reconstruction methods. Methods: SPECT images were obtained from an acrylic simulator containing four cylindrical inserts to simulate capturing lesions. The images were obtained with collimators of high, medium and low (HEGP, MEGP and LEHR) energy; 130 keV power window, 70% width and 64 x 64 matrix. The reconstruction methods used were: FBP and OSEM with different filters. Results: 45 results found. The images obtained with the MEGP and HEGP collimators presented better results than those obtained with the LEHR collimator. The OSEM reconstructions were superior when the MEGP and HEGP collimators were used. Conclusions: The acquisition of yttrium-90 SPECT images with MEGP collimators showed higher sensitivity, whereas those obtained with HEPG collimators presented lower noise. The image reconstruction methods have relevant importance in the image quality, showing a significant difference between the FBP and OSEM reconstructions and between the filters used.

The somatostatin receptor-targeted radiotherapeutic [90Y-DOTA-dPhe1,Tyr3]octreotide (90Y-SMT 487) eradicates experimental rat pancreatic CA 20948 tumours

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stolz, B.; Weckbecker, G.; Smith-Jones, P.M.; Albert, R.; Raulf, F.; Bruns, C.

1998-01-01

Somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours are potential targets for therapy with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues. We have synthesized a number of such analogues in the past and identified [DOTA-dPhe 1 , Tyr 3 ]octreotide (SMT 487) as the most promising candidate molecule because of its advantageous properties in cellular and in vivo tumour models. In the current paper we describe the radiotherapeutic effect of yttrium-90 labelled SMT 487 in Lewis rats bearing the somatostatin receptor-positive rat pancreatic tumour CA 20948. SMT 487 binds with nanomolar affinity to both the human and the rat somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst 2 ) (human sst 2 IC 50 =0.9 nM, rat sst 2 IC 50 =0.5 nM). In vivo, 90 Y-SMT 487 distributed rapidly to the sst 2 expressing CA 20948 rat pancreatic tumour, with a tumour-to-blood ratio of 49.15 at 24 h post injection. A single intravenous administration of 10 mCi/kg 90 Y-SMT 487 resulted in a complete remission of the tumours in five out of seven CA 20948 tumour-bearing Lewis rats. No regrowth of the tumours occurred 8 months post injection. Control animals that were treated with 30 μg/kg of unlabelled SMT 487 had to be sacrificed 10 days post injection due to excessive growth or necrotic areas on the tumour surface. Upon re-inoculation of tumour cells into those rats that had shown complete remission, the tumours disappeared after 3-4 weeks of moderate growth without any further treatment. The present study shows for the first time the curative potential of 90 Y-SMT 487-based radiotherapy for somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours. Clinical phase I studies with yttrium-labelled SMT 487 have started in September 1997. (orig.)

Pregnancies in women with hyperprolactinaemia: clinical course and obstetric complications of 41 pregnancies in 27 women. [Yttrium 90

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kelly, W.F.; Doyle, F.H.; Mashiter, K.; Banks, L.M.; Gordon, H.; Joplin, G.F.

1979-09-01

Observations are reported on 41 pregnancies in 27 patients who initially had infertility and raised serum prolactin concentrations. Associated symptoms were secondary amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. All patients were at risk of pituitary expansion during pregnancy, especially these 19 (70 per cent) with radiological evidence of pituitary tumors. Fifteen patients had 21 pregnancies after pituitary implantation with 90 yttrium; 14 patients had 20 pegnancies without prior pituitary implantation or any other attempt to prevent tumor expansion. The induction and Cesarean section rates were about 30 per cent in 32 term pregnancies in 25 patients. Details of how pregnancy was achieved and the associated obstetric problems are given.

111In and 90Y labelled peptide radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Obenaus, E.; Crudo, J.L.; Castiglia, S.G. de

2004-01-01

Full text: The application of 111In-labelled octreotide to target somatostatin receptors on tumour cells has gained acceptance as a diagnostic procedure for demonstrating neuroendocrine and other SSTR-positive tumors. A further advance in the field of somatostatin analogues is the development of macrocyclic chelators that also bind beta particle emitters like 90Y and 177Lu. [90Y-DOTA, Tyr3] octreotide and [177Lu-DOTA, Tyr3] octreotate are currently being tried as the therapeutic agents. The aim of this work was to label two somatostatin analogues (Tyr3 Octreotide and Lanreotide) with 111In and 90Y using DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) as a chelating agent. DOTA in the form of the tri-t-butyl ester was coupled to the Lys5 (BOC) protected Tyr3octreotide and Lys5 (BOC) protected lanreotide in N,N-dimethylformamide, in a three-step reaction involving conjugation, using HATU and diisopropylethylamine as coupling reagents, de-protection with trifluoroacetic and HPLC purification of the conjugates. The DOTALAN and DOTATOC were labelled with 111In and 90Y and assayed by HPLC. In both cases solutions of gentisic acid in sodium acetate 0.4M pH=5.0 and conjugated peptides were added to the 111In or 90Y chloride. The final solution was heated at 90 deg. C for 25 minutes. We tried different amounts of the two peptide complexes per mCi of 111In/90Y and quality control of the labelled products was performed with the following HPLC system: reverse phase column, flow rate 1ml-min, UV/radiometric detection and a gradient solvent: solvent A: acetonitrile, solvent B: water TFA 0.1%, gradient: 0-3min 100% B, linear increase of eluent A to 50% from 3-13 min, 13-18 min 50% A, 18-20 min linear increase of eluent A to 70%. Serum stability was determined after 4 and 24 hr. incubation of the labeled peptide in human serum at 37 deg. C. After precipitation of proteins with acetonitrile the incubation mixture was analyzed by HPLC. Normal Wistar rats were

Adsorption characteristics of 14C-labeled alanine, aspartic acid and adenosine triphosphate by metal-chelating resins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishiyama, Toshio; Matsunami, Tadao; Shibata, Setsuko; Honda, Yoshihide.

1987-01-01

(1) Adsorption properties of 14 C-alanine, 14 C-ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and 14 C-aspartic acid on the metal-chelating resins were determined and found that the Cu(II)-Chelex 100 and Fe(III)-Unicellex UR10, Fe(III)-Chelex 100 chelating resins were highly effective for the adsorption of 14 C-alanine and 14 C-ATP, respectively. (2) Desorption rate of 14 C-ATP from the Fe(III)-Unicellex UR10 and Fe(III)-Chelex 100 resins was somewhat higher than the case of 14 C-alanine, probably because the coordination bonds of Cu-alanine might be stronger than those of Fe-ATP. Thus, 14 C-labeled organic compounds such as 14 C-alanine and 14 C-ATP of a low activity concentration (3.7 mBq/ml) (1 x 10 -7 μCi/ml) in aqueous solution may be measured with liquid scintillation counter after pre-concentration by use of the Fe(III)- and Cu(II)-chelating resin columns. (author)

Quantitation in PET using isotopes emitting prompt single gammas: application to yttrium-86

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walrand, Stephan; Jamar, Francois; Mathieu, Isabelle; De Camps, Joelle; Lonneux, Max; Pauwels, Stanislas; Sibomana, Merence; Labar, Daniel; Michel, Christian

2003-01-01

Several yttrium-90 labelled somatostatin analogues are now available for cancer radiotherapy. After injection, a large amount of the compound is excreted via the urinary tract, while a variable part is trapped in the tumour(s), allowing the curative effect. Unfortunately, the compound may also be trapped in critical tissues such as kidney or bone marrow. As a consequence, a method for assessment of individual biodistribution and pharmacokinetics is required to predict the maximum dose that can be safely injected into patients. However, 90 Y, a pure β - particle emitter, cannot be used for quantitative imaging. Yttrium-86 is a positron emitter that allows imaging of tissue uptake using a PET camera. In addition to the positron, 86 Y also emits a multitude of prompt single γ-rays, leading to significant overestimation of uptake when using classical reconstruction methods. We propose a patient-dependent correction method based on sinogram tail fitting using an 86 Y point spread function library. When applied to abdominal phantom acquisition data, the proposed correction method significantly improved the accuracy of the quantification: the initial overestimation of background activity by 117% was reduced to 9%, while the initial error in respect of kidney uptake by 84% was reduced to 5%. In patient studies, the mean discrepancy between PET total body activity and the activity expected from urinary collections was reduced from 92% to 7%, showing the benefit of the proposed correction method. (orig.)

Model-Based Radiation Dose Correction for Yttrium-90 Microsphere Treatment of Liver Tumors With Central Necrosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Ching-Sheng; Lin, Ko-Han; Lee, Rheun-Chuan; Tseng, Hsiou-Shan; Wang, Ling-Wei; Huang, Pin-I; Chao, Liung-Sheau; Chang, Cheng-Yen; Yen, Sang-Hue; Tung, Chuan-Jong; Wang, Syh-Jen; Oliver Wong, Ching-yee; Liu, Ren-Shyan

2011-01-01

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to model and calculate the absorbed fraction φ of energy emitted from yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) microsphere treatment of necrotic liver tumors. Methods and Materials: The tumor necrosis model was proposed for the calculation of φ over the spherical shell region. Two approaches, the semianalytic method and the probabilistic method, were adopted. In the former method, the range--energy relationship and the sampling of electron paths were applied to calculate the energy deposition within the target region, using the straight-ahead and continuous-slowing-down approximation (CSDA) method. In the latter method, the Monte Carlo PENELOPE code was used to verify results from the first method. Results: The fraction of energy, φ, absorbed from 90 Y by 1-cm thickness of tumor shell from microsphere distribution by CSDA with complete beta spectrum was 0.832 ± 0.001 and 0.833 ± 0.001 for smaller (r T = 5 cm) and larger (r T = 10 cm) tumors (where r is the radii of the tumor [T] and necrosis [N]). The fraction absorbed depended mainly on the thickness of the tumor necrosis configuration, rather than on tumor necrosis size. The maximal absorbed fraction φ that occurred in tumors without central necrosis for each size of tumor was different: 0.950 ± 0.000, and 0.975 ± 0.000 for smaller (r T = 5 cm) and larger (r T = 10 cm) tumors, respectively (p 90 Y microsphere treatment of hepatic tumors with central necrosis. With this model, important information is provided regarding the absorbed fraction applicable to clinical 90 Y microsphere treatment.

Treating and Downstaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ibrahim, Saad M. [Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology (United States); Kulik, Laura [Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology (United States); Baker, Talia [Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Transplant Surgery (United States); Ryu, Robert K. [Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology (United States); Mulcahy, Mary F. [Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (United States); Abecassis, Michael [Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Transplant Surgery (United States); Salem, Riad; Lewandowski, Robert J., E-mail: r-lewandowski@northwestern.edu [Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology (United States)

2012-10-15

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the technical feasibility, safety, efficacy, and potential to downstage patients to within transplantation criteria when treating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the caudate lobe using Y90 radioembolization. Methods: During a 4-year period, 8 of 291 patients treated with radioembolization for unresectable HCC had disease involving the caudate lobe. All patients were followed for treatment-related clinical/biochemical toxicities, serum tumor marker response, and treatment response. Imaging response was assessed with the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) classification schemes. Pathologic response was reported as percent necrosis at explantation. Results: Caudate lobe radioembolization was successfully performed in all eight patients. All patients presented with both cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Half were United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) stage T3 (n = 4, 50%). Fatigue was reported in half of the patients (n = 4, 50%). One (13%) grade 3/4 bilirubin toxicity was reported. One patient (13%) showed complete tumor response by WHO criteria, and three patients (38%) showed complete response using EASL guidelines. Serum AFP decreased by more than 50% in most patients (n = 6, 75%). Four patients (50%) were UNOS downstaged from T3 to T2, three of who underwent transplantation. One specimen showed histopathologic evidence of 100% complete necrosis, and two specimens demonstrated greater than 50% necrosis. Conclusions: Radioembolization with yttrium-90 appears to be a feasible, safe, and effective treatment option for patients with unresectable caudate lobe HCC. It has the potential to downstage patients to transplantation.

The somatostatin receptor-targeted radiotherapeutic [{sup 90}Y-DOTA-dPhe{sup 1},Tyr{sup 3}]octreotide ({sup 90}Y-SMT 487) eradicates experimental rat pancreatic CA 20948 tumours

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stolz, B.; Weckbecker, G.; Smith-Jones, P.M.; Albert, R.; Raulf, F.; Bruns, C. [Novartis Pharma AG, Basel (Switzerland)

1998-07-01

Somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours are potential targets for therapy with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues. We have synthesized a number of such analogues in the past and identified [DOTA-dPhe{sup 1}, Tyr{sup 3}]octreotide (SMT 487) as the most promising candidate molecule because of its advantageous properties in cellular and in vivo tumour models. In the current paper we describe the radiotherapeutic effect of yttrium-90 labelled SMT 487 in Lewis rats bearing the somatostatin receptor-positive rat pancreatic tumour CA 20948. SMT 487 binds with nanomolar affinity to both the human and the rat somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst{sub 2}) (human sst{sub 2} IC{sub 50}=0.9 nM, rat sst{sub 2} IC{sub 50}=0.5 nM). In vivo, {sup 90}Y-SMT 487 distributed rapidly to the sst{sub 2} expressing CA 20948 rat pancreatic tumour, with a tumour-to-blood ratio of 49.15 at 24 h post injection. A single intravenous administration of 10 mCi/kg {sup 90}Y-SMT 487 resulted in a complete remission of the tumours in five out of seven CA 20948 tumour-bearing Lewis rats. No regrowth of the tumours occurred 8 months post injection. Control animals that were treated with 30 {mu}g/kg of unlabelled SMT 487 had to be sacrificed 10 days post injection due to excessive growth or necrotic areas on the tumour surface. Upon re-inoculation of tumour cells into those rats that had shown complete remission, the tumours disappeared after 3-4 weeks of moderate growth without any further treatment. The present study shows for the first time the curative potential of {sup 90}Y-SMT 487-based radiotherapy for somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours. Clinical phase I studies with yttrium-labelled SMT 487 have started in September 1997. (orig.) With 4 figs., 2 tabs., 29 refs.

90Sr-90Y radionuclide generator based on ionex chromatography. Part 1 - project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miler, V.; Budsky, F.; Malek, Z.

2003-09-01

This part contains a proposal for the generator column design, materials to be used (chemicals, ionexes) and technological procedures. The proposal was inspired by the 90 Sr- 90 Y generator operated by Zfk Rossendorf. The aim was to develop and launch a generator for the preparation of carrier-free 90 Y in the form of [ 90 Y] chloride solution in dilute hydrochloric acid. The separation of Y from Sr is based on ionex chromatography by sorbing the two radionuclides on a catex. While Sr remains sorbed, 90 Y is eluted with lithium citrate. During this process, 90 Y is bonded in a citrate complex which, having a negative charge, is subsequently trapped by an anex. A guard column is inserted before the anex column to trap any traces of 90 Sr. 90 Y is eluted from the anex in the yttrium chloride form by using dilute hydrochloric acid. The product from the generator can be used for the preparation of [ 90 Y] - Fe colloid injection or [ 90 Y] - yttrium citrate injection for intra-articular application or for the development of monoclonal antibodies and peptides

Production of yttrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Day, J.G.

1980-01-01

A process is described for the production of yttrium metal, or of an alloy comprising a major proportion of yttrium, in which calcium (metal) and yttrium fluoride are reacted together by use of a submerged electric arc in a molten slag. (author)

Retrospective analysis of cystic craniopharyngeomas after intracavital irradiation with yttrium-90 colloid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Urbanova, E.; Vizda, J.; Netikova, M.; Kafka, P.; Jakubec, J.

2002-01-01

Aim: The authors report about follow up the patients after intracavitary irradiation for cystic craniopharyngeoma. Material and Methods: For retrospective analysis 15 patients were selected. The volume of the cyst was determined by CT or MRI. For dosimetry Backlund's formula was used. The cumulative dose to the inner surface of the cyst wall was about 250Gy. 90 Yttrium silicate colloid was administered directly during stereotactically (CT guided) surgery or through the Ommaya drainage system. Control scintigraphy was performed 2-3 hours after 90 Y injection with gamma camera to detect possible leakage of the radioisotope. None of our patients showed evidence of this. In addition to this, the patients were checked daily to pay attention to visual function, neurological condition and possible meningeal irritation. Results: Cyst shrinkage was monitored by repeated CT examinations. CT cyst volume measurement analysed all patients before and 1,2,3 and 5 years after the treatment. In our study 45% of cysts decreased in volume during 4 month, shrinkage of the initial cyst volume was 75% after 1 year. The cyst disappeared nearly totally in 5 patients. Only 3 cyst remain unchanged and 90 Y treatment was repeated. No patients developed a visual field defect or evidence of hypothalamic dysfunction after the treatment. The neuro-opthalmological state completely recovered in 2 patients and improved in 5 patients. The prognosis was good only when an intact optic discs in time of the treatment was present. In some cases the radioisotope was implanted at a late stage of the disease without the opthalmological and neurological improvement. One patient died due to pulmonary embolism one week after the procedure. One patient died within a one year of the treatment from complications related to a solid cystic recurrence. One of typical signs for recurrence was worsening of neuro-opthalmological state. Conclusion: From our results this intracavitary 90 Y therapy is minimally invasive

Country report: Poland. 1. Determination of 90Sr in 90YCL3 solution using DGA and SR-Spec resins (extraction chromatography) and by TLC according to USP. 2. Preliminary investigation on antibody biotinylation. 3. The development of method for preparation of human albumin microspheres as potential radionuclide carriers for diagnostic and therapeutic use. 4. Preparation of radiocolloids for radiosynovectomy using radionuclides of various beta energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pawlak, D.; Mikolajczak, R.; Korsak, A.; Dziel, T.; Parus, J.L.; Byszewska-Szpocinska, E.; Jakubowska, E.; Mikolajczak, R.; Jaroń, A.; Pijarowska, J.; Iller, E.; Mikolajczak, W.

2010-01-01

1. • It seems that strontium can be more efficiently eluted for the DGA resin than form the Sr-spec resin. Paper chromatography (USP) method provides good resolution of Y and Sr, more results are needed to evaluate results statistically. Comparison of paper chromatography (USP) with paper extraction chromatography was not possible due to the problems in purchasing of the KSM-17. Further works in order to determine detection and determination limits of each of proposed methods are planned. 2. • The preliminary investigation on antibody biotinylation has been performed using commercially available polyclonal human immunoglobulin IgG, mw 150 kDa (Biomed Sp.z o.o, Lublin). Sulfo-NHS –Biotin (Pierce Biotechnology) was used as biotinylating agent. Activated biotin as sulfosuccinimidyl-6-[biotin-amido]hexanoate. is one of the commonly used reagent for proteins biotinylation. Sulfo-NHS-biotin effectively reacts at pH 7-9 with primary amino groups (- NH2) of proteins provided by lysine residues and Nterminus of polypeptide, forming stable amide bond. This reagent dissolves well in water. 3. • The average production yield of HAM for receiving the desired size range between 10-32 μm amounts to 84% and the mean size of particles was estimated to about 15 μm. Optical micrographs show microspheres as very regular spherical forms with quite smooth surfaces and rather narrow spread of size in the selected range. The labelling yields determined as relation of measured radioactivity remaining in the membrane filter to the total radioactivity were > 95% for 99mTc-HAM complex and > 98% for 90Y–X-HAM and 177Lu-X-HAM complexes. Labelled modified microspheres showed high in vitro stability in human plasma with only 4-5% loss of radioactivity from the surface after 48 h of incubation. 4. • The aim of the project is synthesis of monodispersive particles of yttrium citrate and characterization of its surface with instrumental techniques (collaboration with Maria Curie

Country report: Syria. Development of 90Y/90Sr Generator and 90Y Radiopharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yassine, Taufik; Mukhallalati, Ch. Heyam

2010-01-01

The aim of this project is to develop a technique for preparation of 90 Sr- 90 Y generator, we have developed a separation technique for isolation of 90 Y from 90 Sr based on using Sr – Spec resin packed in three columns for separation and purification of 90 Sr- 90 Y .The resulting Y90 is used for therapeutic applications. The first part of this project describe a prototype design for the 90 Sr- 90 Y generator in order to get a very accurate method to obtain the minimum possible 90 Sr Breakthrough. 25 mci of 90 Sr was used in the generator 90 Sr- 90 Y and we obtained the elution yield of 90 Y higher than 88%, Also the eluate was used for preparation of several 90 Y radiopharmaceuticals such as 90 YEDTMP and 90 Y-DOTA-HR 3 . And the work is continues to investigate more radiopharmaceuticals applications in the second part of this project such as 90 Y– FHMA. In this part of the co-coordination research programmer, A protocol based on results of this studies was developed to prepare and operate a higher activity generator (50-100mci), the resulting elution yield was approximately 94% of 90 Y . The elute was used in preparation of new 90 Y radiopharmaceuticals. The monoclonal antibodies is still evolving by conjugate Rituximab to The macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agent,(p-SCN-Bn-DOTA)S-2-(4-Isothiocyanatobenzyle)-1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane-tetraaceticacid to obtain the inmunoconjugate DOTA-Rituximub in simple way and then investigating the radio labeling conditions with 90 Y. (author)

90Sr- 90Y and 89Sr beta radioactivity measurement in milk samples using a proportional counter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mananes, A.; Perez Santos, C.; Martinez Churiaque, F.

1987-01-01

A thin window glas flow proportional counter is used to measure the 90 Sr- 90 Y and 89 Sr beta radioactivity in milk samples. A chemical procedure is used to separate strontium-yttrium from the other radionuclides present in milk. A calculation of the total efficiency of the system is performed which includes an empirical estimation of the backscattering factor. The calibration of the whole process allows the determination of the 90 Sr activity within 10% relative error in spite of uncertainties in the recovery yields of strontium and yttrium. No 89 Sr activity has been detected, and the mean value obtained for the 90 Sr activity in nine milk samples of Cantabria is 0.115 Bq/1 with a minimum detectable activity of 0.0105 Bq. (author) 18 refs

Cohort study of somatostatin-based radiopeptide therapy with [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC versus [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC plus [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC in neuroendocrine cancers.

Science.gov (United States)

Villard, Linda; Romer, Anna; Marincek, Nicolas; Brunner, Philippe; Koller, Michael T; Schindler, Christian; Ng, Quinn K T; Mäcke, Helmut R; Müller-Brand, Jan; Rochlitz, Christoph; Briel, Matthias; Walter, Martin A

2012-04-01

Radiopeptide therapy is commonly performed with a single radioisotope. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of somatostatin-based radiopeptide therapy with a single versus a combination of radioisotopes. In a cohort study, patients with metastasized neuroendocrine cancer were treated with repeated cycles of (90)yttrium-labeled tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid modified Tyr-octreotide ([(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC) or with cycles alternating between [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC and (177)lutetium-labeled DOTA-TOC ([(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC) until tumor progression or permanent toxicity. Multivariable Cox regression and competing risk regression were used to study predictors of survival and renal toxicity in patients completing three or more treatment cycles. A total of 486 patients completed three or more treatment cycles; 237 patients received [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC and 249 patients received [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC + [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC. Patients receiving [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC + [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC had a significantly longer survival than patients receiving [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC alone (5.51 v 3.96 years; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.88; P = .006). The rates of severe hematologic toxicities (6.3% v 4.4%; P = .25) and severe renal toxicity (8.9% v 11.2%; P = .47) were comparable in both groups. [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC + [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC was associated with improved overall survival compared with [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC alone in patients completing three or more cycles of treatment. Contrary to the current practice in radiopeptide therapy, our results suggest an advantage of using a combination of radioisotopes.

Coprecipitation of yttrium and aluminium hydroxide for preparation of yttrium aluminium garnet

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vrolijk, J.W.G.A.; Willems, J.W.M.M.; Metselaar, R.

1990-01-01

Coprecipitation of yttrium and aluminium hydroxide for the preparation of pure yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) powder with small grain size is the subject of this study. Starting materials are sulphates and chlorides of yttrium and aluminium. To obtain pure YAG (Y3Al5O12), the pH during flocculation

Country report: Poland. 1. Determination of {sup 90}Sr in {sup 90}YCL{sub 3} solution using DGA and SR-Spec resins (extraction chromatography) and by TLC according to USP. 2. Preliminary investigation on antibody biotinylation. 3. The development of method for preparation of human albumin microspheres as potential radionuclide carriers for diagnostic and therapeutic use. 4. Preparation of radiocolloids for radiosynovectomy using radionuclides of various beta energies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pawlak, D.; Mikolajczak, R.; Korsak, A.; Dziel, T.; Parus, J. L.; Byszewska-Szpocinska, E.; Jakubowska, E.; Mikolajczak, R.; Jaroń, A.; Pijarowska, J.; Iller, E.; Mikolajczak, W.

2010-07-01

1. • It seems that strontium can be more efficiently eluted for the DGA resin than form the Sr-spec resin. Paper chromatography (USP) method provides good resolution of Y and Sr, more results are needed to evaluate results statistically. Comparison of paper chromatography (USP) with paper extraction chromatography was not possible due to the problems in purchasing of the KSM-17. Further works in order to determine detection and determination limits of each of proposed methods are planned. 2. • The preliminary investigation on antibody biotinylation has been performed using commercially available polyclonal human immunoglobulin IgG, mw 150 kDa (Biomed Sp.z o.o, Lublin). Sulfo-NHS –Biotin (Pierce Biotechnology) was used as biotinylating agent. Activated biotin as sulfosuccinimidyl-6-[biotin-amido]hexanoate. is one of the commonly used reagent for proteins biotinylation. Sulfo-NHS-biotin effectively reacts at pH 7-9 with primary amino groups (- NH2) of proteins provided by lysine residues and Nterminus of polypeptide, forming stable amide bond. This reagent dissolves well in water. 3. • The average production yield of HAM for receiving the desired size range between 10-32 μm amounts to 84% and the mean size of particles was estimated to about 15 μm. Optical micrographs show microspheres as very regular spherical forms with quite smooth surfaces and rather narrow spread of size in the selected range. The labelling yields determined as relation of measured radioactivity remaining in the membrane filter to the total radioactivity were > 95% for 99mTc-HAM complex and > 98% for 90Y–X-HAM and 177Lu-X-HAM complexes. Labelled modified microspheres showed high in vitro stability in human plasma with only 4-5% loss of radioactivity from the surface after 48 h of incubation. 4. • The aim of the project is synthesis of monodispersive particles of yttrium citrate and characterization of its surface with instrumental techniques (collaboration with Maria Curie

Study On The Preparation Of 90Y-DTPA-Rituximab For Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen Thi Thu; Duong Van Dong; Bui Van Cuong; Vo Thi Cam Hoa; Chu Van Khoa; Phan Quoc Thong

2011-01-01

Yttrium is one of the most useful radionuclides for radioimmunotherapeutic applications, especially labelling with monoclonal antibodies. Rituximab was bound to the DTPA chelating agent using Hnatowich methods. Cyclic anhydride DTPA (cDTPAa, 0.1 mg/ml) was dissolved in chloroform and was degassed under a stream of nitrogen for 30 minutes. Rituximab solution in 0.05 M bicarbonate buffer was immediately added and mixed for one minute at room temperature. The antibody Rituximab at different concentration (5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) was coupled with the cDTPAa, at molar ratios (cDTPAa : Rituximab) of 1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1. The conjugation of DTPA-Rituximab mixture was labelled with Y-90, then using Sephadex G25 in order to determine coupling efficiency. Coupling efficiency at a 3:1 mole ratio was 70%. After purification, the conjugation DTPA-Rituximab was labeled with Y-90 in 0.5 M acetate buffer, pH 5, at room temperature. The labeling yield was about 99%. The radiochemical purity of 90 Y-DTPA-Rituximab was more than 98 % which determined by ITLC in 0.1 M acetate at pH 6 as mobile phase. The radiopharmaceuticals have been test for sterility, apyrogenicity and biodistribution. This is a potential radiopharmaceutical for clinical application in therapeutic Non Hodgkin Lymphoma treatments. (author)

Use of yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere) in a patient with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma leading to liver transplantation: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Kulik, Laura M; Mulcahy, Mary F; Hunter, Russell D; Nemcek, Albert A; Abecassis, Michael M; Salem, Riad

2005-09-01

Prior to therapy, model for end stage liver disease (MELD) scoring, diagnostic imaging and tumor staging were performed in a patient with T3 HCC. The patient received an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) 42 days after treatment. The explant specimen showed complete necrosis of the target tumor. Follow-up of this patient has demonstrated no evidence of recurrence. There was no life threatening or fatal adverse experiences related to treatment. This case report documents the natural course, history and outcome of a patient treated with yttrium-90 for unresectable HCC. The patient was downstaged from T3 to T2 and was subsequently transplanted.

Standardization of Procedures for the Preparation of (177)Lu- and (90)Y-labeled DOTA-Rituximab Based on the Freeze-dried Kit Formulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Wojdowska, Wioletta; Karczmarczyk, Urszula; Maurin, Michal; Garnuszek, Piotr; Mikołajczak, Renata

2015-01-01

Rituximab when radiolabelled with (177)Lu or (90)Y has been investigated for the treatment of patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. In this study, we optimized the preparation of antibody conjugates with chelating agent in the freeze-dried kit. It shortens procedures needed for the successful radiolabeling with lutetium-177 and yttrium-90 and assures reproducible labelling yields. Various molar ratios of Rituximab:DOTA (from 1:5 to 1:100) were used at the conjugation step and different purification method to remove unbound DOTA were investigated (size-exclusion chromatography, dialysis, ultrafiltration). The final monoclonal antibody concentration was quantified by Bradford method, and the number of DOTA molecules was determined by radiolabeling assay using (64)Cu. The specific activity of (177)Lu-DOTA-Rituximab and (90)Y-DOTA-Rituximab were optimized using various amounts of radiometal. Quality control (SE-HPLC, ITLC) and stability study were performed. An average of 4.2 ± 0.8 p-SCN-Bz-DOTA molecules could be randomly conjugated to a single molecule of Rituximab. The ultrafiltration system was the most efficient for purification and resulted in the highest recovery efficiency (77.2%). At optimized conditions the (177)Lu-DOTARituximab and (90)Y-DOTA-Rituximab were obtained with radiochemical purity >99% and specific activity ca. 600 MBq/mg. The radioimmunoconjugates were stable in human serum and 0.9% NaCl. After 72 h of incubation the radiochemical purity of (177)Lu-DOTA-Rituximab decreased to 94% but it was still more than 88% for (90)Y-DOTA-Rituximab. The radioimmunoconjugate showed stability after six months storage at 2 - 8(0)C, as a lyophilized formulation. Our study shows that Rituximab-DOTA can be efficiently radiolabeled with (177)Lu and (90)Y via p-SCN-Bn-DOTA using a freezedried kit.

The behaviour of selected yttrium containing bioactive glass microspheres in simulated body environments.

Science.gov (United States)

Cacaina, D; Ylänen, H; Simon, S; Hupa, M

2008-03-01

The study aims at the manufacture and investigation of biodegradable glass microspheres incorporated with yttrium potentially useful for radionuclide therapy of cancer. The glass microspheres in the SiO2-Na2O-P2O5-CaO-K2O-MgO system containing yttrium were prepared by conventional melting and flame spheroidization. The behaviour of the yttrium silicate glass microspheres was investigated under in vitro conditions using simulated body fluid (SBF) and Tris buffer solution (TBS), for different periods of time, according to half-life time of the Y-90. The local structure of the glasses and the effect of yttrium on the biodegradability process were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Back Scattered Electron Imaging of Scanning Electron Microscopy (BEI-SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. UV-VIS spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for analyzing the release behaviour of silica and yttrium in the two used solutions. The results indicate that the addition of yttrium to a bioactive glass increases its structural stability which therefore, induced a different behaviour of the glasses in simulated body environments.

Unactivated yttrium tantalate phosphor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reddy, V.B.; Cheung, H.K.

1992-01-01

This patent describes an unactivated yttrium tantalate phosphor having M prime monoclinic structure and containing one or more additives of Rb and Al in an amount of between about 0.001 to 0.1 moles per mole of yttrium tantalate to improve brightness under X-radiation. This patent also describes an unactivated yttrium tantalate phosphor having M prime monoclinic structure and containing additives of Sr in an amount of between 0.001 to 0.1 moles per mole of yttrium tantalate and one or more of Rb and Al in an amount of between 0.001 to 0.1 moles per mole of yttrium tantalate the phosphor exhibiting a greater brightness under X-radiation than the phosphor absent Rb and Al

Cellular and molecular properties of 90Y-labeled cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy on human tumor cells in vitro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saki, M.; Toulany, M.; Rodemann, H.P.; Sihver, W.; Zenker, M.; Heldt, J.M.; Mosch, B.; Pietzsch, H.J.; Steinbach, J.; Baumann, M.

2012-01-01

Purpose: Anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225) is used in combination with radiotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We investigated whether conjugation of cetuximab with trans-cyclohexyl-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (CHX-A''-DTPA) and radiolabeling with 90 Yttrium affect the molecular and cellular function of cetuximab and improve its combined effect with external-beam irradiation (EBI). Methods: The following cell lines were used: HNSCC UT5, SAS, FaDu, as well as A43, Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), and human skin fibroblast HSF7. Binding affinity and kinetics, specificity, retention, and the combination of 90 Y-cetuximab with EBI were evaluated. Results: Control cetuximab and CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab blocked the proliferation activity of UT5 cells. In combination with EBI, CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab increased the radiosensitivity of UT5 to a similar degree as control cetuximab did. In contrast, in SAS and HSF7 cells neither proliferation nor radiosensitivity was affected by either of the antibodies. Binding [ 90 Y]Y-CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab ( 90 Y-cetuximab) to EGFR in HNSCC cells occurred time dependently with a maximum binding at 24 h. Retention of 90 Y-cetuximab was similar in both HNSCC cell lines; 24 h after treatment, approximately 90% of bound activity remained in the cell layer. Competition assays, using cell membranes in the absence of an internalized fraction of cetuximab, showed that the cetuximab affinity is not lost as a result of conjugation with CHX-A''-DTPA. Cetuximab and CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab blocked EGF-induced Y1068 phosphorylation of EGFR. The lack of an effect of cetuximab on EGF-induced Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the inhibition of irradiation (IR)-induced Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by cetuximab were not affected by DTPA conjugation. 90 Y-cetuximab in combination with EBI resulted in a pronounced inhibition of colony formation of HNSCC cells. Conclusions: Conjugation of CHX-A''-DTPA to cetuximab

Initial experience with Yttrium-90 microsphere therapy in patients with end stage metastatic liver disease due to colorectal cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poot, M.; Janssen, J.; McKay, E.; Clingan, P.; Morris, D.; Butler, S.P.

2002-01-01

Full text: Yttrium-90 labelled microspheres (SIR-Spheres) delivered via the hepatic artery are used in the treatment of non-resectable metastatic liver disease, with the spheres becoming trapped in hepatic tumours. Sixteen patients (9 males, 7 females, 43-80 years) were assessed for therapy. All had failed chemotherapy and had evidence of progressive disease. Extrahepatic disease, ascites and abnormal liver function were first taken into consideration, eliminating 3 patients. The remaining patients underwent a breakthrough scan where Tc99m-MAA was administered intra-hepatically. This scan was used to calculate the level of shunting to the lungs, stomach and bowel and was co-registered with a recent CT scan to confirm MAA uptake corresponded with tumour sites. These breakthrough scans excluded 6 patients, 1 demonstrating high lung activity and 5 not showing focal metastatic accumulation of Tc-99m MAA. Another patient declined. Post-treatment, 4 patients spent 1-2 nights hospitalised for observation with no complications. One patient experienced pain requiring narcotic analgesia and 3 nights in hospital, the other experienced pain, fever, rigours, nausea and vomiting requiring 5 nights hospitalisation. For all patients, liver and bone marrow function was relatively unchanged 1 week post-therapy indicating no acute toxicity. Since receiving therapy, 2 patients survived less than 2 months, dying of disease progression. Two had progressive extrahepatic disease, and the remaining 2 patients, who also received chemotherapy, currently report a good quality of life, although no objective data is currently available to evaluate tumour response. In this selected group of patients, SIR therapy appears to have limited toxicity with yet to be demonstrated efficacy. Copyright (2002) The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine Inc

Embolisation of the Gastroduodenal Artery is Not Necessary in the Presence of Reversed Flow Before Yttrium-90 Radioembolisation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Daghir, Ahmed A., E-mail: ahmeddaghir@doctors.net.uk [Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Department of Radiology (United Kingdom); Gungor, Hatice [Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Department of Oncology (United Kingdom); Haydar, Ali A. [Barts and the London NHS Trust, Department of Radiology (United Kingdom); Wasan, Harpreet S. [Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Department of Oncology (United Kingdom); Tait, Nicholas P. [Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Department of Radiology (United Kingdom)

2012-08-15

Introduction: The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is usually embolised to avoid nontarget dispersal before yttrium-90 (Y{sup 90}) radioembolisation to treat liver metastases. In a minority of patients, there is retrograde flow in the GDA. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is any increased risk from maintaining a patent GDA in patients with reversed flow. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing Y{sup 90} radioembolisation at our institution. The incidence of toxicities arising from nontarget radioembolisation by way of the GDA (gastric/duodenal ulceration, gastric/duodenal bleeding, and pancreatitis) and death occurring within 2 months of treatment were compared between the reversed and the antegrade GDA groups. Results: Ninety-two patients underwent preliminary angiography. Reversed GDA flow was found on angiography in 14.1% of cases; the GDA was not embolised in these patients. The GDA was coiled in 55.7% of patients with antegrade GDA flow to prevent inadvertent dispersal of radioembolic material. There was no increased toxicity related to nontarget dispersal by way of the GDA, or increased early mortality, in patients with reversed GDA flow (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with reversed GDA flow, maintenance of a patent GDA before administration of Y{sup 90} radioembolisation does not increase the risk of toxicity from nontarget dispersal. Therapeutic injection, with careful monitoring to identify early vascular stasis, may be safely performed beyond the origin of the patent GDA. A patent GDA with reversed flow provides forward drive for infused particles and may allow alternative access to the hepatic circulation.

Resin 90Y microsphere activity measurements for liver brachytherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dezarn, William A.; Kennedy, Andrew S.

2007-01-01

The measurement of the radioactivity administered to the patient is one of the major components of 90 Y microsphere liver brachytherapy. The activity of 90 Y microspheres in a glass delivery vial was measured in a dose calibrator. The calibration value to use for 90 Y in the dose calibrator was verified using an activity calibration standard provided by the microsphere manufacturer. This method allowed for the determination of a consistent, reproducible local activity standard. Additional measurements were made to determine some of the factors that could affect activity measurement. The axial response of the dose calibrator was determined by the ratio of activity measurements at the bottom and center of the dose calibrator. The axial response was 0.964 for a glass shipping vial, 1.001 for a glass V-vial, and 0.988 for a polycarbonate V-vial. Comparisons between activity measurements in the dose calibrator and those using a radiation survey meter were found to agree within 10%. It was determined that the dose calibrator method was superior to the survey meter method because the former allowed better defined measurement geometry and traceability of the activity standard back to the manufacturer. Part of the preparation of resin 90 Y microspheres for patient delivery is to draw out a predetermined activity from a shipping vial and place it into a V-vial for delivery to the patient. If the drawn activity was placed in a glass V-vial, the activity measured in the dose calibrator with a glass V-vial was 4% higher than the drawn activity from the shipping vial standard. If the drawn activity was placed in a polycarbonate V-vial, the activity measured in the dose calibrator with a polycarbonate V-vial activity was 20% higher than the drawn activity from the shipping vial standard. Careful characterization of the local activity measurement standard is recommended instead of simply accepting the calibration value of the dose calibrator manufacturer

Cellular and molecular properties of {sup 90}Y-labeled cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy on human tumor cells in vitro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saki, M.; Toulany, M.; Rodemann, H.P. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Div. of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research; Sihver, W.; Zenker, M.; Heldt, J.M.; Mosch, B.; Pietzsch, H.J.; Steinbach, J. [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e.V., Dresden (Germany). Inst. of Radiopharmacy; Baumann, M. [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Dept. of Radiation Oncology

2012-09-15

Purpose: Anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225) is used in combination with radiotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We investigated whether conjugation of cetuximab with trans-cyclohexyl-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (CHX-A''-DTPA) and radiolabeling with {sup 90}Yttrium affect the molecular and cellular function of cetuximab and improve its combined effect with external-beam irradiation (EBI). Methods: The following cell lines were used: HNSCC UT5, SAS, FaDu, as well as A43, Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), and human skin fibroblast HSF7. Binding affinity and kinetics, specificity, retention, and the combination of {sup 90}Y-cetuximab with EBI were evaluated. Results: Control cetuximab and CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab blocked the proliferation activity of UT5 cells. In combination with EBI, CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab increased the radiosensitivity of UT5 to a similar degree as control cetuximab did. In contrast, in SAS and HSF7 cells neither proliferation nor radiosensitivity was affected by either of the antibodies. Binding [{sup 90}Y]Y-CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab ({sup 90}Y-cetuximab) to EGFR in HNSCC cells occurred time dependently with a maximum binding at 24 h. Retention of {sup 90}Y-cetuximab was similar in both HNSCC cell lines; 24 h after treatment, approximately 90% of bound activity remained in the cell layer. Competition assays, using cell membranes in the absence of an internalized fraction of cetuximab, showed that the cetuximab affinity is not lost as a result of conjugation with CHX-A''-DTPA. Cetuximab and CHX-A''-DTPA-cetuximab blocked EGF-induced Y1068 phosphorylation of EGFR. The lack of an effect of cetuximab on EGF-induced Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the inhibition of irradiation (IR)-induced Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by cetuximab were not affected by DTPA conjugation. {sup 90}Y-cetuximab in combination with EBI resulted in a pronounced inhibition of

Simplified method of analysis of Strontium-90 in milk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suomela, J.

1987-06-01

The milk sample is freeze-dried and the milk powder ignited. The ash is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and yttrium is extracted from the solution by 5% HDEHP (dioctyl phosforic acid). After re-extraction in nitric acid the Cherenkov radiation of yttrium 90 is measured in a low beta liquid scintillation counter. (O.S.)

Spectrophotometric determination of yttrium with 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-5-dimethylaminophenol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsurumi, Chikao; Furuya, Keiichi.

1975-01-01

Spectrophotometric determination of small amounts of yttrium with 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-5-dimethylaminophenol (TAM) in the presence of zephiramine was investigated. The recommended procedures were as follows; 2.0 ml of water, 7.0 ml of TAM-methanolic solution (2x10 -4 mol/l) and 2.0 ml of zephiramine-aqueous solution (1x10 -2 mol/l) were added to a solution containing less than 35 μg of yttrium and its pH was adjusted to 8.0 with 0.1 mol/l ammonium chloride-0.1 mol/l ammonium hydroxide solution. The solution was transferred to a 25 ml volumetric flask and diluted to the mark with water. After 20 minutes, the absorbance at 575 nm against a reagent blank was measured. The color of yttrium-TAM complex is reddish-violet in the presence of zephiramine and is stable for 90 minutes after color development. The yttrium-TAM complex shows an absorption maximum at 575 nm. The absorbance at 575 nm is constant in a pH range from 7.5 to 8.3. The molar extinction coefficient at this wavelength is 7.2x10 4 l.mol -1 .cm -1 . The band obeys Beer's law up to the concentration of 1.4 μg/ml of yttrium. The molar ratio of yttrium to TAM in the complex is 1 : 2. A number of ions interfere with the determination can be masked by the addition of various masking agents and removed in terms of trioctylamine-xylene extraction. Manganese, tantalum, tin(II), citrate and tartrate ions interfere with the determination. (auth.)

Country report: Syria. Development of {sup 90}Y/{sup 90}Sr Generator and {sup 90}Y Radiopharmaceuticals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yassine, Taufik; Mukhallalati, Ch. Heyam, E-mail: atomic@aec.org.sy [Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus (Syrian Arab Republic)

2010-07-01

The aim of this project is to develop a technique for preparation of {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y generator, we have developed a separation technique for isolation of {sup 90}Y from {sup 90}Sr based on using Sr – Spec resin packed in three columns for separation and purification of {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y .The resulting Y90 is used for therapeutic applications. The first part of this project describe a prototype design for the {sup 90}Sr- {sup 90}Y generator in order to get a very accurate method to obtain the minimum possible {sup 90}Sr Breakthrough. 25 mci of {sup 90}Sr was used in the generator {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y and we obtained the elution yield of {sup 90}Y higher than 88%, Also the eluate was used for preparation of several {sup 90}Y radiopharmaceuticals such as {sup 90}YEDTMP and {sup 90}Y-DOTA-HR{sub 3}. And the work is continues to investigate more radiopharmaceuticals applications in the second part of this project such as {sup 90}Y– FHMA. In this part of the co-coordination research programmer, A protocol based on results of this studies was developed to prepare and operate a higher activity generator (50-100mci), the resulting elution yield was approximately 94% of {sup 90}Y . The elute was used in preparation of new {sup 90}Y radiopharmaceuticals. The monoclonal antibodies is still evolving by conjugate Rituximab to The macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agent,(p-SCN-Bn-DOTA)S-2-(4-Isothiocyanatobenzyle)-1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane-tetraaceticacid to obtain the inmunoconjugate DOTA-Rituximub in simple way and then investigating the radio labeling conditions with {sup 90}Y. (author)

Multi institutional quantitative phantom study of yttrium-90 PET in PET/MRI: the MR-QUEST study.

Science.gov (United States)

Maughan, Nichole M; Eldib, Mootaz; Faul, David; Conti, Maurizio; Elschot, Mattijs; Knešaurek, Karin; Leek, Francesca; Townsend, David; DiFilippo, Frank P; Jackson, Kimberly; Nekolla, Stephan G; Lukas, Mathias; Tapner, Michael; Parikh, Parag J; Laforest, Richard

2018-04-04

Yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) radioembolization involves the intra-arterial delivery of radioactive microspheres to treat hepatic malignancies. Though this therapy involves careful pre-treatment planning and imaging, little is known about the precise location of the microspheres once they are administered. Recently, there has been growing interest post-radioembolization imaging using positron-emission tomography (PET) for quantitative dosimetry and identifying lesions that may benefit from additional salvage therapy. In this study, we aim to measure the inter-center variability of 90 Y PET measurements as measured on PET/MRI in preparation for a multi-institutional prospective phase I/II clinical trial. Eight institutions participated in this study and followed a standardized phantom filling and imaging protocol. The NEMA NU2-2012 body phantom was filled with 3 GBq of 90 Y chloride solution. The phantom was imaged for 30 min in listmode on a Siemens Biograph mMR non-TOF PET/MRI scanner at five time points across 10 days (0.3-3.0 GBq). Raw PET data were sent to a central site for image reconstruction and data analysis. Images were reconstructed with optimal parameters determined from a previous study. Volumes of interest (VOIs) matching the known sphere diameters were drawn on the vendor-provided attenuation map and propagated to the PET images. Recovery coefficients (RCs) and coefficient of variation of the RCs (COV) were calculated from these VOIs for each sphere size and activity level. Mean RCs ranged from 14.5 to 75.4%, with the lowest mean RC coming from the smallest sphere (10 mm) on the last day of imaging (0.16 MBq/ml) and the highest mean RC coming from the largest sphere (37 mm) on the first day of imaging (2.16 MBq/ml). The smaller spheres tended to exhibit higher COVs. In contrast, the larger spheres tended to exhibit lower COVs. COVs from the 37 mm sphere were  25%. Post-radioembolization dosimetry of lesions or other VOIs ≥ 22 mm in diameter can

Proteomic Identification and Quantification of S-glutathionylation in Mouse Macrophages Using Resin-Assisted Enrichment and Isobaric Labeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Su, Dian; Gaffrey, Matthew J.; Guo, Jia; Hatchell, Kayla E.; Chu, Rosalie K.; Clauss, Therese RW; Aldrich, Joshua T.; Wu, Si; Purvine, Samuel O.; Camp, David G.; Smith, Richard D.; Thrall, Brian D.; Qian, Weijun

2014-02-11

Protein S-glutathionylation (SSG) is an important regulatory posttranslational modification of protein cysteine (Cys) thiol redox switches, yet the role of specific cysteine residues as targets of modification is poorly understood. We report a novel quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic method for site-specific identification and quantification of S-glutathionylation across different conditions. Briefly, this approach consists of initial blocking of free thiols by alkylation, selective reduction of glutathionylated thiols and enrichment using thiol affinity resins, followed by on-resin tryptic digestion and isobaric labeling with iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) for MS-based identification and quantification. The overall approach was validated by application to RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages treated with different doses of diamide to induce glutathionylation. A total of 1071 Cys-sites from 690 proteins were identified in response to diamide treatment, with ~90% of the sites displaying >2-fold increases in SSG-modification compared to controls.. This approach was extended to identify potential SSG modified Cys-sites in response to H2O2, an endogenous oxidant produced by activated macrophages and many pathophysiological stimuli. The results revealed 364 Cys-sites from 265 proteins that were sensitive to S-glutathionylation in response to H2O2 treatment. These proteins covered a range of molecular types and molecular functions with free radical scavenging, and cell death and survival included as the most significantly enriched functional categories. Overall the results demonstrate that our approach is effective for site-specific identification and quantification of S-glutathionylated proteins. The analytical strategy also provides a unique approach to determining the major pathways and cell processes most susceptible to glutathionylation at a proteome-wide scale.

Binding of Sr from milk by solid phase extraction with cryptand C222 sorbed on silica gel, cation exchange, chelating or adsorbent resins for simplified 90Sr analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tait, David; Wiechen, Arnold; Haase, Gerhard

1995-01-01

Several commercially available resins have been found to bind the bicyclic polyether cryptand C222 from aqueous acetonitrile solutions. The presence of C222 on some of these resins strongly improved their affinity for Sr, so that relatively small amounts of such resins sorbed Sr from milk. The resins investigated were silica gel, polyacrylic acid crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB), polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) and PS-DVB containing sulphonate, aminomethylphosphonate, iminodiacetate and mercapto groups. The resins for which binding of C222 resulted in the largest improvement in Sr sorption from milk were PS-DVB containing mercapto groups (Chelite S) and silica gel (Si 60). Thus, 2 ml wet volume of either Chelite S containing 133 μmol of C222, or silica gel Si-60 containing 143 μmol of C222 sorbed 90 and 48%, respectively, of the Sr from 100-ml milk samples. As the sorption of Sr from milk by these systems is relatively slow, contact times of 24-36 h are required to attain these results. The Chelite S-C222 system separates Sr effectively from Cs and Ca. Under the conditions described here some 6% of the natural 40 K in milk sorbs with Sr to the resin. Ba behaves similarly to Sr. 90 Sr/ 90 Y sorbed on the silica gel Si-60-C222 system can be measured directly and efficiently by liquid scintillation counting. If adequate specificity can be attained this system might provide a very simple method of determining 90 Sr in milk

Validation of Extraction Paper Chromatography as a Quality Control Technique for Analysis of Sr-90 in Y-90 Product

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nipavan, Poramatikul; Jatupol, Sangsuriyan; Wiranee, Sriweing

2009-07-01

Full text: Yttrium-90 (Y-90) is a daughter product of strontium-90 (Sr-90). It is specified that there should be less than 2 micro-curie of Sr-90 in Y-90 radiopharmaceuticals. Since both nuclides are beta emitting and there is always a contamination of Y-90 in Sr-90 sample, validation of the analytical method is necessary. In this study, commercial Y-90 and Sr-85 (a gamma emitting isotope of strontium) were used as daughter and mother nuclides, respectively. Extraction paper chromatography technique and its efficient validation method were investigated. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) diphosphonate was dropped at the origin of chromatography paper and air dried prior to sample drops. Validation of the separation was done by radio-chromatography scanning of the chromatography paper. Their energy spectra were identified in the spectra mode of Packard Cobra II automatic gamma counter, which can differentiate a pure gamma, a pure beta and a mixture of beta and gamma nuclides. Results showed that yttrium acetate remained fixed at the origin of the chromatography paper while strontium acetate moved to the solvent front when developed in saline. In conclusion, the extraction paper chromatography technique can effectively separate Sr-90 from Y-90

Utilization of a novel electrochemical {sup 90}Sr/{sup 90}Y generator for the preparation of {sup 90}Y-labeled RGD peptide dimer in clinically relevant dose

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chakraborty, Sudipta; Chakravarty, Rubel; Pillai, Maroor Raghavan Ambikalmajan; Dash, Ashutosh [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India). Radiopharmaceuticals Div.; Sarma, Haladhar Dev [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India). Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Div.

2014-09-01

The work reported in this paper provides a systematic study towards the development of an optimized strategy for preparation of a clinically relevant dose of {sup 90}Y-labeled dimeric RGD peptide derivative, DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]{sub 2} [DOTA-(RGD){sub 2}] for in vivo targeted therapy utilizing {sup 90}Y obtained from a novel electrochemical {sup 90}Sr/{sup 90}Y generator. The performance of the generator was evaluated to ensure its suitability for providing {sup 90}Y in adequate quantity and purity required for formulation of clinically relevant dose for PRRT. {sup 90}Y-DOTA-(RGD){sub 2} was synthesized in high yield (86.2 ± 2.5%) and radiochemical purity (98.4 ± 0.5%) using clinically relevant dose (∝ 3.8 GBq) of {sup 90}Y. In vitro stability studies revealed that the radiolabeled conjugate retained its radiochemical purity in normal saline and human serum. Preliminary biodistribution studies carried out in C57/BL6 mice bearing melanoma tumors showed that the preparation exhibited significant tumor uptake (5.30 ± 0.78% of injected activity at 30 min post-injection) with good tumor to background ratio. The optimized radiolabeling protocol seems to be an attractive strategy which is largely viewed as a springboard to realize scope of developing {sup 90}Y labeled cyclic RGD peptides for targeted therapy of tumors over-expressing integrin-α{sub ν}β{sub 3} receptors. (orig.)

Diffusion of hydrogen in yttrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vorobyov, V.V.; Ryabchikov, L.N.

1966-01-01

In this work the diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in yttrium were determined from the rate at which the hydrogen was released from yttrium samples under a vacuum at temperatures of 450 to 850 0 C and from the quantity of hydrogen retained by yttrium at hydrogen pressures below 5 x 10 - 4 mm Hg in the same temperature range

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with intra-arterial Yttrium-90 microspheres for down-staging patients to transplantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Man, K.; Defreyne, L.; Delanghe, E.; Smeets, P.; Verhelst, X.; Geerts, A.; Van Vlierberghe, H.; Rogiers, X.; Troisi, R.; Lambert, B.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Introduction and aim: in our hospital, patients are referred for intra-arterial treatment with Yttrium-90 microspheres if they present with an HCC confined to the liver, but are ineligible for curative treatment options such as liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy or radio-frequent ablation. Additional eligibility criteria for radio-embolisation consist of Child-P ugh score Yttrium-90 microspheres in our hospital since 2008 and who presented at an age <70 and with a disease load exceeding the Milan criteria (single tumour ≤5 cm or ≤ 3 lesions ≤ 3 cm). We recorded whether the patient was down staged to a tumour load complying with the Milan criteria, and if so, whether transplantation was carried out. Results: 40 patients aged <70 years and with a tumour load exceeding the Milan criteria (all treated with TheraSphere, Nordion except 1 with SIR-Spheres, Sirtex) were evaluable. 35 had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) B stage disease and 5 had BCLC C. Overall median survival was 12.9 months. 16 out of 40 patients were down staged to the Milan criteria (40%, all BCLC B), of whom 8 were actually transplanted so far. Two patients are on the waiting list, 1 patient refuses to be listed and 1 patient suffers co-morbidity that excludes him from abdominal surgery. Unfortunately 4 patients died before or during work-out for transplantation: 1 unexplained sudden death, 1 lung embolism and 2 due to liver failure. The overall median survival was 30,4 months in the down staged patients. 24 out 40 patients (60%) did not have a tumour load within the Milan criteria at any point of their follow up and had a significant worse

Optimized anion exchange column isolation of zirconium-89 ( 89 Zr) from yttrium cyclotron target: Method development and implementation on an automated fluidic platform

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

O’Hara, Matthew J.; Murray, Nathaniel J.; Carter, Jennifer C.; Morrison, Samuel S.

2018-04-01

Zirconium-89 (89Zr), produced by the (p,n) reaction from naturally monoisotopic yttrium (natY), is a promising positron emitting isotope for immunoPET imaging. Its long half-life of 78.4 h is sufficient for evaluating slow physiological processes. A prototype automated fluidic system, coupled to on-line and in-line detectors, has been constructed to facilitate development of new 89Zr purification methodologies. The highly reproducible reagent delivery platform and near-real time monitoring of column effluents allows for efficient method optimization. The separation of Zr from dissolved Y metal targets was evaluated using several anion exchange resins. Each resin was evaluated against its ability to quantitatively capture Zr from a load solution that is high in dissolved Y. The most appropriate anion exchange resin for this application was identified, and the separation method was optimized. The method is capable of a high Y decontamination factor (>105) and has been shown to separate Fe, an abundant contaminant in Y foils, from the 89Zr elution fraction. Finally, the performance of the method was evaluated using cyclotron bombarded Y foil targets. The separation method was shown to achieve >95% recovery of the 89Zr present in the foils. The 89Zr eluent, however, was in a chemical matrix not immediately conducive to labeling onto proteins. The main intent of this study was to develop a tandem column 89Zr purification process, wherein the anion exchange column method described here is the first separation in a dual-column purification process.

Structural and dielectric properties of yttrium substituted nickel ferrites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ognjanovic, Stevan M.; Tokic, Ivan; Cvejic, Zeljka; Rakic, Srdjan; Srdic, Vladimir V.

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Dense NiFe 2−x Y x O 4 ceramics (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) were prepared. • Pure spinels were obtained for x ≤ 0.07 while for x ≥ 0.15 samples had secondary phases. • With addition of yttrium, ac conductivity slightly increased. • We suggest several effects that can explain the observed changes in ac conduction. • With addition of yttrium, dielectric constant increased while the tg δ decreased. - Abstract: The influence of Y 3+ ions on structural and dielectric properties of nickel ferrites (NiFe 2−x Y x O 4 , where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) has been studied. The as-synthesized samples, prepared by the co-precipitation method, were analyzed by XRD and FTIR which suggested that Y 3+ ions were incorporated into the crystal lattice for all the samples. However, the XRD analysis of the sintered samples showed that secondary phases appear in the samples with x > 0.07. The samples have densities greater than 90% TD and the SEM images showed that the grain size decreases with the addition of yttrium. Dielectric properties measured from 150 to 25 °C in the frequency range of 100 Hz–1 MHz showed that the addition of yttrium slightly increases the ac conductivity and decreases the tg δ therefore making the materials better suited for the use in microwave devices

Quantitative analysis of strontium 90 in the radioactive wastes by means of thenoyltrifluoroacetone; Dosage du strontium 90 dans les effluents radioactifs par le thenoyltrifluoroacetone

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Testemale, G; Leredde, J L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1970-07-01

A simple method of analysing the quantity of {sup 90}Sr has been perfected. It consists in a double extraction of it by means of thenoyltrifluoroacetone and tributylphosphate in tetrachloride of carbon followed by eliminating yttrium 90 by means of thenoyltrifluoroacetone in the benzene. Numberings on aliquot parts of wastes make the determination of that element possible. The yield is about 97 per cent. (authors) [French] Une technique simple du dosage du {sup 90}Sr a ete mise au point. Elle consiste en une double extraction par le thenoyltrifluoroacetone et le tributylphosphate dans le tetrachlorure de carbone, suivie de l'elimination de l'yttrium 90 par le thenoyltrifluoroacetone dans le benzene, Des comptages sur des parties aliquotes d'effluents permettent la dermination de cet element. Rendement environ 97 pour cent. (auteurs)

Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic yttrium 90 microspheres: factors associated with liver toxicities.

Science.gov (United States)

Goin, James E; Salem, Riad; Carr, Brian I; Dancey, Janet E; Soulen, Michael C; Geschwind, Jean Francois H; Goin, Kathleen; Van Buskirk, Mark; Thurston, Kenneth

2005-02-01

Intraarterial injection of yttrium 90 microspheres (TheraSpheres) is used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This article presents an analysis of the incidence of liver toxicities (liver-related events) and pretreatment factors associated with liver toxicities after TheraSphere treatment. Eighty-eight TheraSphere-treated patients with low 90-day mortality risk were selected for analysis, with liver toxicities coded with use of standard oncology criteria. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied to estimate the incidence of liver toxicities and to evaluate the influence of liver radiation dose and various pretreatment factors on the risk of their occurrence. Sixty-eight liver toxicities occurred in 37 of the 88 patients (42%). Thirty-two patients (36%) experienced 50 liver toxicities after the first treatment and nine of 23 patients (39%) who received a second treatment experienced 18 liver toxicities. Pretreatment total bilirubin and liver radiation dose were found to be associated with the risk of at least one liver toxicity and with the time to first occurrence of a liver toxicity after first treatment. Pretreatment total bilirubin also was associated with liver toxicities after the second treatment. Most of the toxicities resolved; however, those that did not resolve were attributed to tumor progression or advancing cirrhosis. The risk of liver toxicities in patients with unresectable HCC treated with TheraSpheres increases with increasing pretreatment total bilirubin level and liver radiation dose to a maximum of 150 Gy for a single administration. The toxicities attributed to treatment resolved over time, and none of the patients studied had confirmed radiation-induced liver disease. Consequently, doses as high as 150 Gy on a single administration and as high as 268 Gy on repeated administrations were well tolerated.

Texture and deformation mechanism of yttrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adamesku, R.A.; Grebenkin, S.V.; Stepanenko, A.V.

1992-01-01

X-ray pole figure analysis was applied to study texture and deformation mechanism in pure and commercial polycrystalline yttrium on cold working. It was found that in cast yttrium the texture manifected itself weakly enough both for pure and commercial metal. Analysis of the data obtained made it possible to assert that cold deformation of pure yttrium in the initial stage occurred mainly by slip the role of which decreased at strains higher than 36%. The texture of heavily deformed commercial yttrium contained two components, these were an 'ideal' basic orientation and an axial one with the angle of inclination about 20 deg. Twinning mechanism was revealed to be also possible in commercial yttrium

Response, survival, and long-term toxicity after therapy with the radiolabeled somatostatin analogue [90Y-DOTA]-TOC in metastasized neuroendocrine cancers.

Science.gov (United States)

Imhof, Anna; Brunner, Philippe; Marincek, Nicolas; Briel, Matthias; Schindler, Christian; Rasch, Helmut; Mäcke, Helmut R; Rochlitz, Christoph; Müller-Brand, Jan; Walter, Martin A

2011-06-10

To investigate response, survival, and safety profile of the somatostatin-based radiopeptide (90)yttrium-labeled tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid modified Tyr-octreotide ([(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC) in neuroendocrine cancers. In a clinical phase II single-center open-label trial, patients with neuroendocrine cancers were treated with repeated cycles of [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC. Each cycle consisted of a single intravenous injection of 3.7GBq/m(2) body-surface [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC. Additional cycles were withheld in case of tumor progression and/or permanent toxicity. Overall, 1,109 patients received 2,472 cycles of [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC (median, two; range, one to 10 cycles per patient). Of the 1,109 patients, 378 (34.1%) experienced morphologic response; 172 (15.5%), biochemical response; and 329 (29.7%), clinical response. During a median follow-up of 23 months, 491 patients (44.3%) died. Longer survival was correlated with each: morphologic (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.56; median survival, 44.7 v 18.3 months; P TOC treatment in a large cohort. Response to [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC is associated with longer survival. Somatostatin receptor imaging is predictive for both survival after [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC treatment and occurrence of renal toxicity.

Radiotracer application for characterization of nuclear grade anion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Dowex SBR LC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singare, P.U.

2015-01-01

Radio isotopic tracer technique as one of the versatile nondestructive technique is employed to evaluate the performance of nuclear grade anion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Dowex SBR LC. The evaluation was made on the basis of ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetics by using 131 I and 82 Br radioactive tracer isotopes. It was observed that for both the resins, the values of specific reaction rate (min -1 ), amount of ion exchanged (mmol) and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) were calculated to be lower for bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction than that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction under identical experimental conditions of 30.0 C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.001 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min -1 ), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log K d were calculated as 0.377, 0.212, 0.080 and 15.5 respectively for Dowex SBR LC resin, which was higher than 0.215, 0.144, 0.031 and 14.1 respectively as that obtained for Tulsion A23 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 30.0 C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 84.75 % to 90.20 % for Dowex SBR LC resins which was higher than increases from 57.66 % to 62.38 % obtained for Tulsion A23 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate superior performance of Dowex SBR LC over Tulsion A23 resins under identical experimental conditions.

Labeling an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with 90Y

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perera Pintado, Alejandro; Leyva Montaña, René; Prats Capote, Anaís; Góngora Bravo, Magdiel; Alberti Ramírez, Alejandro; León, Mariela; Hernández González, Ignacio; Dorvignit, Denise

2016-01-01

Lymphomas are among the 10 leading causes of death, both in Cuba and in the world, with an increasing incidence in recent years. Follicular lymphoma low-grade (indolent) is one of the most common in the Western world, representing 1/3 of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). More than 90% of patients present with disseminated disease at diagnosis and generally have a slow evolution and good response to conventional treatment; but radically changed its forecast to relapse, resistance to therapeutic and histologic transformation can occur. The monoclonal antibody therapy has been a promising therapeutic. In this respect CD20 antigen it has been considered one of the most attractive targets in the therapy of follicular B cell lymphoma This is expressed in more than 90% of cases, while not present in stem cells and lines progenitors. Despite the success of immunotherapy, the relapse rate is still considerable. In order to increase the cytotoxic potential of immunotherapy, marked with beta emitting radionuclides alpha particles or monoclonal antibodies are used today. Despite encouraging results in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas refractory to other treatments, the extremely high costs of these commercial radiopharmaceuticals have greatly limited its application, even in the first world. A sustainable alternative is the marking of other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, so researchers from several countries have concentrated their efforts on rituximaby other similar antibodies labeled with therapeutic radionuclides, as a possible cost-effectively to more problem. Today in Cuba it has an electrolytic generator 90 Sr- 90 Y Isotope Center, which ensures the availability of the radionuclide. In addition, the chimeric MAb rituximab is applied as part of the therapy of NHL in its health system and, recently, the Center for Molecular Immunology has obtained a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody biosimilar rituximab, which is in phase clinical trial; which opens prospects for

Development of radioconjugate90Y-DOTATATE for therapy of neuroendocrine tumors positive to hSSTR2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gongora, M.; Alonso, L. M.; Rodriguez, A. M.; Leyva, R.; Solana, A.; Pino, M.; Alberti, A.

2015-01-01

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of patients with neuroendocrine tumors has expanded due to radiolabeling of DOTA-peptides, such as somatostatin analogue DOTA 0 -Tyr 3 -octreotate (DOTATATE) radiolabeled with Β-emitters radionuclides. The present work describes the labeling of DOTATATE with yttrium-90 from a novel electrochemical generator. All factors that could have influence in kinetic reaction of radiolabeled DOTA-peptide were also studied. The formulation with the highest radiochemical yield was assayed for serum stability, sera protein binding, stability in saline, in vitro stability in an excess of 50 mM EDTA and trans metallation studies in solutions of metal competitors (Fe 3+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Za 2+ ). Our findings showed a formulation with high radiochemical purity and stability that allows further steps in the drug development process of this radiopharmaceutical. (Author) Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of patients with neuroendocrine tumors has expanded due to radiolabeling of DOTA-peptides, such as somatostatin analogue DOTA 0 -Tyr 3 -octreotate (DOTATATE) radiolabeled with Β-emitters radionuclides. The present work describes the labeling of DOTATATE with yttrium-90 from a novel electrochemical generator. All factors that could have influence in kinetic reaction of radiolabeled DOTA-peptide were also studied. The formulation with the highest radiochemical yield was assayed for serum stability, sera protein binding, stability in saline, in vitro stability in an excess of 50 mM EDTA and trans metallation studies in solutions of metal competitors (Fe 3+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Za 2+ ). Our findings showed a formulation with high radiochemical purity and stability that allows further steps in the drug development process of this radiopharmaceutical. (Author)

Patent hepatic falciform artery detected after Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin injection on SPECT/CT prior to Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization: a case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karaman, B.; Aslan, A.; Hamcan, S.; Ugurel, M.

2012-01-01

Full text: Introduction: Yttrium-90 (Y-90) microsphere radioembolization is increasingly used for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastasis. Objectives and tasks: We aim to present the upper abdominal wall skin involvement detected during routine pre-therapy Technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m-MAA) on SPECT/CT due to patent hepatic falciform artery and the precautions to avoid this potential complication. Material and methods: 38-year-old male with colon cancer and multiple liver metastasis was evaluated prior to radioembolization and Tc-99 MAA was slowly hand injected at the bifurcation of the proper hepatic artery. Then, the SPECT/CT scan was performed in order to investigate the systemic shunt or gastric involvement. Results: On SPECT/CT scan, involvement of the upper abdominal wall through falciform ligament was seen. Re-evaluation of the hepatic angiogram identified a patent hepatic falciform artery arising from the left hepatic artery. Y-90 microspheres were slowly hand injected to the left hepatic artery superselectively and no extra-hepatic activity was seen on SPECT/CT scan. Conclusion: Upper abdominal pain and dermatitis are uncommon findings after radioembolization and may occur due to inadvertent delivery of Y-90 microspheres into patent hepatic falciform artery. To prevent these complications, either patent hepatic falciform artery must be embolized by coil or Y-90 injection must be performed superselectively

Radiotracers in performance evaluation of nuclear grade resins Amberlite IRN-78 and Purolite NRW-8000

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singare, P.U.

2014-01-01

The present paper deals with evaluation of organic base nuclear grade anion exchange resins Amberlite IRN-78 and Purolite NRW-8000 by application of radioactive tracer isotopes 131 I and 82 Br. The evaluation was made on the basis of their performance in iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions carried out under different experimental conditions like temperature and ionic concentration. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at a constant temperature of 30.0 C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 70.10 % to 77.10 % for Amberlite IRN-78, which was higher than an increase of 63.90 % to 71.00 % as obtained for Purolite NRW-8000 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 30.0 C, using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.001 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min -1 ), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log K d were calculated to be 0.280, 0.175, 0.049 and 11.4 respectively for Amberlite IRN-78 resin, which was higher than the values of 0.258, 0.160, 0.041 and 10.6 respectively as that obtained by using Purolite NRW-8000 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, Amberlite IRN-78 resins show superior performance over Purolite NRW-8000 resins. (orig.)

Nature of the bifunctional chelating agent used for radioimmunotherapy with yttrium-88 monoclonal antibodies: critical factors in determining in vivo survival and organ toxicity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kozak, R.W.; Raubitschek, A.; Mirzadeh, S.; Brechbiel, M.W.; Junghaus, R.; Gansow, O.A.; Waldmann, T.A. (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD (USA))

1989-05-15

One factor that is critical to the potential effectiveness of radioimmunotherapy is the design of radiometal-chelated antibodies that will be stable in vivo. Stability in vivo depends on the condition that both the chelate linkage and radiolabeling procedures not alter antibody specificity and biodistribution. In addition, synthesis and selection of the chelating agent is critical for each radiometal in order to prevent inappropriate release of the radiometal in vivo. In the present study, we compare the in vivo stability of seven radioimmunoconjugates that use different polyaminocarboxylate chelating agents to complex yttrium-88 to the mouse anti-human interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody, anti-Tac. Chelate linkage and radiolabeling procedures did not alter the immunospecificity of anti-Tac. In order to assess whether yttrium was inappropriately released from the chelate-coupled antibody in vivo, iodine-131-labeled and yttrium-88 chelate-coupled antibodies were simultaneously administered to the same animals to correlate the decline in yttrium and radioiodinated antibody activity. The four stable yttrium-88 chelate-coupled antibodies studied displayed similar iodine-131 and yttrium-88 activity, indicating minimal elution of yttrium-88 from the complex. In contrast, the unstable yttrium-88 chelate-coupled antibodies had serum yttrium-88 activities that declined much more rapidly than their iodine-131 activities, suggesting loss of the radiolabel yttrium-88 from the chelate. Furthermore, high rates of yttrium-88 elution correlated with deposition in bone. Four chelating agents emerged as promising immunotherapeutic reagents: isothiocyanate benzyl DTPA and its derivatives 1B3M, MX, and 1M3B.

90Nb: potential radionuclide for application in immuno-PET. Development of appropriate production strategy and first in vivo evaluation of 90Nb-labeled monoclonal antibody

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radchenko, Valery

2013-01-01

Nuclear medicine is a modern and highly effective tool for the detection and treatment of oncological disease. Molecular imaging based on radiotracers includes single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), which provide non-invasive tumor visualization on nano- and picomolar level, respectively. Currently, many novel tracers for more precise discovery of small tumors and metastases have been introduced and are under investigation. Many of them are protein-based biomolecules which nature herself produces as antigens for the eradication of tumor cells. Antibodies and antibody fragments play an important role in tumor diagnostics and treatment. PET imaging with antibodies and antibody fragments is called immuno-PET. The main issue that needs to be addressed is that appropriate radiotracers with half-lives related to the half-lives of biomolecules are needed. The development of novel radiotracers is a multistep, complicated task. This task includes the evaluation of production, separation and labeling strategy for chosen radionuclide. Finally, the biomolecule-radionuclide complex should be stable in time. An equally important factor is the economic suitability of the production strategy, which will lead to a key decision for future application of the developed radionuclide. In recent work, 90 Nb has been proposed as a potential candidate for application in immuno-PET. Its half-life of 14.6 hours is suitable for application with antibody fragments and some intact antibodies. 90 Nb has a relatively high positron branching of 53% and an optimal energy of β + emission of 0.35 MeV that can provide high quality of imaging with low dose of used radionuclide. First proof-of-principle studies have shown that 90 Nb: (i) can be produced in sufficient amount and purity by proton bombardment of natural zirconium target (ii) can be isolated from target material with appropriate radiochemical purity (iii) may be used for labeling of monoclonal

Comparison of the stability of Y-90-, Lu-177- and Ga-68- labeled human serum albumin microspheres (DOTA-HSAM)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wunderlich, Gerd [Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, 01307 Dresden (Germany); Schiller, Eik, E-mail: eisc@rotop-pharmaka.d [ROTOP Pharmaka AG, 01454 Radeberg (Germany); Bergmann, Ralf; Pietzsch, Hans-Juergen [Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden (Germany)

2010-11-15

Introduction: Microparticles derived from denatured human serum albumin (DOTA-derivatized human serum albumin microspheres, or DOTA-HSAM) are attractive carriers of radionuclides for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. In this article, we describe a labeling procedure for diagnostic (Ga-68) and therapeutic (Y-90, Lu-177) radionuclides and report on the results of stability studies of these products. Methods: DOTA-HSAM was labeled in 0.5 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.0, containing 0.02 mg/ml detergent. After adding the radionuclide, the mixture was shaken for 15 min at 90{sup o}C. Labeling yields and in vitro stability were determined by thin-layer chromatography. For determination of the in vivo stability of Ga-68 and Y-90 DOTA-HSAM, the particles were injected intravenously in Wistar rats. Results: Labeling yields up to 95% in the case of Ga-68 and Lu-177 were achieved. Ga-68-labeled DOTA-HSAM showed high in vitro and in vivo stability. The amount of particle-bound radioactivity of Lu-177 DOTA-HSAM declines slowly in a linear manner to approximately 72% after 13 days. For Y-90, the labeling yield decreased with increasing radioactivity level. We presume radiolysis as the reason for these findings. Conclusion: The labeling of DOTA-HSAM with different radionuclides is easy to perform. The radiation-induced cleavage of the labeled chelator together with the rather short half-life of radioactivity fixation in vivo (3.7 days) is, in our opinion, opposed to therapeutic applications of DOTA-HSAM. On the other hand, the high stability of Ga-68 DOTA-HSAM makes them an attractive candidate for the measurement of regional perfusion by PET.

Comparison of the stability of Y-90-, Lu-177- and Ga-68- labeled human serum albumin microspheres (DOTA-HSAM)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wunderlich, Gerd; Schiller, Eik; Bergmann, Ralf; Pietzsch, Hans-Juergen

2010-01-01

Introduction: Microparticles derived from denatured human serum albumin (DOTA-derivatized human serum albumin microspheres, or DOTA-HSAM) are attractive carriers of radionuclides for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. In this article, we describe a labeling procedure for diagnostic (Ga-68) and therapeutic (Y-90, Lu-177) radionuclides and report on the results of stability studies of these products. Methods: DOTA-HSAM was labeled in 0.5 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.0, containing 0.02 mg/ml detergent. After adding the radionuclide, the mixture was shaken for 15 min at 90 o C. Labeling yields and in vitro stability were determined by thin-layer chromatography. For determination of the in vivo stability of Ga-68 and Y-90 DOTA-HSAM, the particles were injected intravenously in Wistar rats. Results: Labeling yields up to 95% in the case of Ga-68 and Lu-177 were achieved. Ga-68-labeled DOTA-HSAM showed high in vitro and in vivo stability. The amount of particle-bound radioactivity of Lu-177 DOTA-HSAM declines slowly in a linear manner to approximately 72% after 13 days. For Y-90, the labeling yield decreased with increasing radioactivity level. We presume radiolysis as the reason for these findings. Conclusion: The labeling of DOTA-HSAM with different radionuclides is easy to perform. The radiation-induced cleavage of the labeled chelator together with the rather short half-life of radioactivity fixation in vivo (3.7 days) is, in our opinion, opposed to therapeutic applications of DOTA-HSAM. On the other hand, the high stability of Ga-68 DOTA-HSAM makes them an attractive candidate for the measurement of regional perfusion by PET.

Safety of Repeated Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lam, Marnix G. E. H.; Louie, John D.; Iagaru, Andrei H.; Goris, Michael L.; Sze, Daniel Y.

2013-01-01

Purpose: Repeated radioembolization (RE) treatments carry theoretically higher risk of radiation-induced hepatic injury because of the liver’s cumulative memory of previous exposure. We performed a retrospective safety analysis on patients who underwent repeated RE. Methods: From 2004 to 2011, a total of 247 patients were treated by RE. Eight patients (5 men, 3 women, age range 51–71 years) underwent repeated treatment of a targeted territory, all with resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres; Sirtex, Lane Cove, Australia). Adverse events were graded during a standardized follow-up. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of RE-induced liver disease (REILD) and multiple variables was investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses in all 247 patients who received RE. Results: Two patients died shortly after the second treatment (at 84 and 107 days) with signs and symptoms of REILD. Both patients underwent whole liver treatment twice (cumulative doses 3.08 and 2.66 GBq). The other 6 patients demonstrated only minor toxicities after receiving cumulative doses ranging from 2.41 to 3.88 GBq. All patients experienced objective tumor responses. In the whole population, multifactorial analysis identified three risk factors associated with REILD: repeated RE (p = 0.036), baseline serum total bilirubin (p = 0.048), and baseline serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.043). Repeated RE proved to be the only independent risk factor for REILD in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 9.6; p = 0.002). Additionally, the administered activity per target volume (in GBq/L) was found to be an independent risk factor for REILD, but only in whole liver treatments (p = 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of REILD appears to be elevated for repeated RE. Objective tumor responses were observed, but establishment of safety limits will require improvement in dosimetric measurement and prediction

Safety of Repeated Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lam, Marnix G. E. H.; Louie, John D. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States); Iagaru, Andrei H.; Goris, Michael L. [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine (United States); Sze, Daniel Y., E-mail: dansze@stanford.edu [Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Interventional Radiology (United States)

2013-10-15

Purpose: Repeated radioembolization (RE) treatments carry theoretically higher risk of radiation-induced hepatic injury because of the liver's cumulative memory of previous exposure. We performed a retrospective safety analysis on patients who underwent repeated RE. Methods: From 2004 to 2011, a total of 247 patients were treated by RE. Eight patients (5 men, 3 women, age range 51-71 years) underwent repeated treatment of a targeted territory, all with resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres; Sirtex, Lane Cove, Australia). Adverse events were graded during a standardized follow-up. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of RE-induced liver disease (REILD) and multiple variables was investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses in all 247 patients who received RE. Results: Two patients died shortly after the second treatment (at 84 and 107 days) with signs and symptoms of REILD. Both patients underwent whole liver treatment twice (cumulative doses 3.08 and 2.66 GBq). The other 6 patients demonstrated only minor toxicities after receiving cumulative doses ranging from 2.41 to 3.88 GBq. All patients experienced objective tumor responses. In the whole population, multifactorial analysis identified three risk factors associated with REILD: repeated RE (p = 0.036), baseline serum total bilirubin (p = 0.048), and baseline serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.043). Repeated RE proved to be the only independent risk factor for REILD in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 9.6; p = 0.002). Additionally, the administered activity per target volume (in GBq/L) was found to be an independent risk factor for REILD, but only in whole liver treatments (p = 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of REILD appears to be elevated for repeated RE. Objective tumor responses were observed, but establishment of safety limits will require improvement in dosimetric measurement and prediction.

Lung Shunt Fraction prior to Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Predicts Survival in Patients with Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases: Single-Center Prospective Analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ludwig, Johannes M. [Yale University, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (United States); Ambinder, Emily McIntosh [John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (United States); Ghodadra, Anish [University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (United States); Xing, Minzhi [Yale University, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (United States); Prajapati, Hasmukh J. [The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (United States); Kim, Hyun S., E-mail: kevin.kim@yale.edu [Yale University, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (United States)

2016-07-15

ObjectiveTo investigate survival outcomes following radioembolization with Yttrium-90 (Y90) for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NETLMs). This study was designed to assess the efficacy of Y90 radioembolization and to evaluate lung shunt fraction (LSF) as a predictor for survival.MethodsA single-center, prospective study of 44 consecutive patients (median age: 58.5 years, 29.5 % male) diagnosed with pancreatic (52.3 %) or carcinoid (47.7 %) NETLMs from 2006 to 2012 who underwent Y90 radioembolization was performed. Patients’ baseline characteristics, including LSF and median overall survival (OS) from first Y90 radioembolization, were recorded and compared between patients with high (≥10 %) and low (<10 %) LSF. Baseline comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact tests for categorical and Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and multivariate analyses (Cox Proportional Hazard Model) for risk factor analysis were performed.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, race, tumor properties, or previous treatments between patients with high (n = 15) and low (n = 29) LSF. The median OS was 27.4 months (95 %CI 12.73–55.23), with 4.77 months (95 %CI 2.87–26.73) for high and 42.77 months (95 %CI 18.47–59.73) for low LSF (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis identified high LSF (p = 0.001), total serum bilirubin >1.2 mg (p = 0.016), and lack of pretreatment with octreotide (p = 0.01) as independent prognostic factors for poorer survival. Tumor type and total radiation dose did not predict survival.ConclusionsLSF ≥10 %, elevated bilirubin levels, and lack of pretreatment with octreotide were found to be independent prognostic factors for poorer survival in patients with NETLMs.

Kinetics of yttrium dissolution from waste ceramic dust

OpenAIRE

STOPIC SRECKO R.; FRIEDRIH BERND G.

2016-01-01

Yttrium is a silvery transition metal and has similar chemical properties to lanthanoids. Because of this similarity, yttrium belongs to rare earth elements. Ytttrium and yttrium oxide are mostly used in fluoroscent lamps, production of electrodes, in electronic filters, lasers, superconductors and as additives in various materials to improve their properties. Yttrium is mainly recovered from the minerals monazite [(Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y)PO4] and xenotime YPO4.The presence of radioactive elements suc...

Influence of radiant heating treatments on fusion of high-temperature superconducting yttrium ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bitenbaev, M.I.; Polyakov, A.I.

1999-01-01

Regardless of the fact that the materials made of HTSC-ceramics are promising, there is no any information about their successful practical application in publications. To our opinion, it is explained by the fact, first of all, that the conservative technologies of the powder metallurgy do not allow producing HTSC systems with excellent operating performance (structure homogeneity, long-term stability of Sc properties and etc.). This report presents outcomes of experiments on fusion of yttrium ceramics containing raw components irradiated by g-rays 60 Co under the temperature exceeding 500 degrees C. HTSC properties of ceramics were studied according to their differential spectra of radio-frequency (RF) field absorption. The RF absorption spectrum of yttrium ceramics samples produced according to conservative technology is sufficiently permitted triplet with the Sc transition temperatures range of 80 K, 90 K, 95 K. Irradiation under the increased temperatures and mechanical limitation allow producing samples of yttrium HTSC-ceramics with sufficient homogeneous structure and superconducting properties that are stable to air conditions for not less than one year

Utility of Quantitative Tc-MAA SPECT/CT for yttrium-Labelled Microsphere Treatment Planning: Calculating Vascularized Hepatic Volume and Dosimetric Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Garin, Etienne; Rolland, Yan; Lenoir, Laurence; Pracht, Marc; Mesbah, Habiba; Porée, Philippe; Laffont, Sophie; Clement, Bruno; Raoul, Jean-Luc; Boucher, Eveline

2011-01-01

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of SPECT/CT for volume measurements and to report a case illustrating the major impact of SPECT/CT in calculating the vascularized liver volume and dosimetry prior to injecting radiolabelled yttrium-90 microspheres (Therasphere). Materials and Methods. This was a phantom study, involving volume measurements carried out by two operators using SPECT and SPECT/CT images. The percentage of error for each method was calculated, and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated. A treatment using Therasphere was planned in a patient with three hepatic arteries, and the quantitative analysis of SPECT/CT for this patient is provided. Results. SPECT/CT volume measurements proved to be accurate (mean error Therasphere used. Conclusions. MAA SPECT/CT is accurate for vascularized liver volume measurements, providing a valuable contribution to the therapeutic planning of patients with complex hepatic vascularization.

Phase I/II 90Y-Zevalin (yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-Y2B8) radioimmunotherapy dosimetry results in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiseman, G.A.; Dunn, W.L.; White, C.A.; Berlfein, J.R.; Ding, E.; Grillo-Lopez, A.J.; Stabin, M.; Erwin, W.; Spies, S.; Dahlbom, M.; Silverman, D.H.S.; Raubitschek, A.; Karvelis, K.; Schultheiss, T.; Witzig, T.E.; Belanger, R.

2000-01-01

Dosimetry studies in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were performed to estimate the radiation absorbed dose to normal organs and bone marrow from 90 Y-Zevalin (yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-Y2B8) treatment in this phase I/II, multicenter trial. The trial was designed to determine the dose of Rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20, Rituxan, IDEC-C2B8, MabThera), the unlabeled antibody given prior to the radioconjugate to clear peripheral blood B cells and optimize distribution, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose of 90 Y-Zevalin [7.4, 11, or 15 MBq/kg (0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 mCi/kg)]. Patients received 111 In-Zevalin (indium-111 ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-In2B8) on day 0 followed by a therapeutic dose of 90 Y-Zevalin on day 7. Both doses were preceded by an infusion of the chimeric, unlabeled antibody Rituximab. Following administration of 111 In-Zevalin, serial anterior/posterior whole-body scans were acquired. Major-organ radioactivity versus time estimates were calculated using regions of interest. Residence times were computed and entered into the MIRDOSE3 computer software program to calculate estimated radiation absorbed dose to each organ. Initial analyses of estimated radiation absorbed dose were completed at the clinical site. An additional, centralized dosimetry analysis was performed subsequently to provide a consistent analysis of data collected from the seven clinical sites. In all patients with dosimetry data (n=56), normal organ and red marrow radiation absorbed doses were estimated to be well under the protocol-defined upper limit of 20 Gy and 3 Gy, respectively. Median estimated radiation absorbed dose was 3.4 Gy to liver (range 1.2-7.8 Gy), 2.6 Gy to lungs (range 0.72-4.4 Gy), and 0.38 Gy to kidneys (range 0.07-0.61 Gy). Median estimated tumor radiation absorbed dose was 17 Gy (range 5.8-67 Gy). No correlation was noted between hematologic toxicity and the following variables: red marrow radiation absorbed dose, blood T 1/2 , blood AUC

Determination of radioactive strontium in seawater

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grahek, Zeljko; Rozmaric Macefat, Martina

2005-01-01

This paper describes the procedures of isolating strontium and yttrium from seawater that enable the determination of 89,90 Sr. In one procedure, strontium is directly isolated from seawater on the column filled with Sr resin by binding of strontium to the resin from 3 M HNO 3 in a seawater, and successive elution with HNO 3 . In others, strontium is precipitated from seawater with (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , followed by isolation on a Sr column or an anion exchange column. It is shown that strontium precipitation is optimal with concentration of 0.3 M (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 at pH = 11. In these conditions, 100% Y, 78% Sr, 80% Ca and 50% Mg are precipitated. Strontium is bound on to Sr column from 5 to 8 M HNO 3 , separated from other elements by elution with 3 M HNO 3 and 0.05 M HNO 3 . Strontium and yttrium are bound on to anion exchange column from alcoholic solutions of nitric acid. The optimum mixture of alcohols for sample binding is a mixture of ethanol and methanol with the volume ratio 1:3. Strontium and yttrium are separated from Mg, Ca, K, and other elements by elution with 0.25 M HNO 3 in the mixture of ethanol and methanol. After the separation, yttrium and strontium are eluted from the column with water or methanol. In the procedure of direct isolation from 1 l of the sample, the average recovery of 50% was obtained. In the remaining two procedures, the strontium recovery was about 60% for the Sr column and 65% for anion exchange column. Recovery of yttrium is about 70% for the anion exchange column. It turned out that the procedure with the Sr resin (direct isolation and isolation after precipitation) is simpler and faster in the phase of the isolation on the column in comparison with the procedure with the anion exchanger. The procedure with the anion exchanger, however, enables the simultaneous isolation of yttrium and strontium and rapid determination of 89,90 Sr. These procedures were tested by determination of 89,90 Sr on liquid scintillation counter and Cherenkov

Use of Yttrium-90 glass microspheres (TheraSphere) for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with portal vein thrombosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Salem, Riad; Lewandowski, Robert; Roberts, Carol; Goin, James; Thurston, Kenneth; Abouljoud, Marwan; Courtney, Angi

2004-04-01

Intra-arterial injection of Yttrium-90 glass microspheres ((90)Y- microS; TheraSphere, MDS Nordion, Ottawa, Canada) is indicated for treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the presence of acceptable liver function. This study presents hepatic toxicity results after unilobar and bilobar intra-arterial administration of (90)Y- microS in patients with unresectable HCC who had known portal vein thrombosis (PVT) without evidence of cavernous transformation. Fifteen patients with unresectable HCC and PVT of one or both first order and related segmental portal venous branches received a total of 29 infusions of (90)Y- microS for treatment of HCC. All patients had pretreatment evaluation including: computed tomography (CT) imaging, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, liver function tests, technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin ((99)Tc-MAA) scan for evaluation of lung and visceral shunting, and angiography with visualization into the portal venous phase. (90)Y- micro S dose was based on lobar hepatic volume with adjustment for lung shunt activity. Liver toxicity was assessed by serum total bilirubin graded for severity according to the NIH NCI Clinical Toxicity Criteria (CTC version 2.0). Other adverse events were reported according to the standards established by the Society of Interventional Radiology. There were no procedural complications with delivery of (90)Y- microS, and treatment was well tolerated by all patients. Increased post-treatment bilirubin levels were observed across all treatments in five patients, four of whom had CT or AFP evidence of intrahepatic disease progression. After initial treatment, two patients developed bilirubin toxicity (grades 1 and 2); one patient demonstrated an increment in bilirubin toxicity grade (grade 1 to grade 3) and one patient had an improvement in grade after initial treatment. There were no new treatment-related toxicities in nine patients after a second treatment. (90)Y- microS treatment was well tolerated

Comparative study on DOTA-derivatized bombesin analog labeled with 90Y and 177Lu: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koumarianou, Eftychia; Mikolajczak, Renata; Pawlak, Dariusz; Zikos, Xhristos; Bouziotis, Pinelopi; Garnuszek, Piotr; Karczmarczyk, Urszula; Maurin, Michal; Archimandritis, Spyridon C.

2009-01-01

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare in vitro and in vivo a novel DOTA-chelated bombesin (BN) analog of the amino acid sequence, QRLGNQWAVGHLM-CONH 2 (BN[2-14]NH 2 ), labeled with 90 Y and 177 Lu, for its potential use in targeted radiotherapy of tumors expressing gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptors. The same amino acid sequence, but with different chelator, referred as BN1.1 (Gly-Gly-Cys-Aca-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-CONH 2 ), has already been studied and reported; however, the DOTA-chelated one, suitable for labeling with M +3 type radiometals, was not yet described. Methods: The conditions for labeling of DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 with noncarrier added 90 Y and with 177 Lu [specific activity (SA), 15 Ci/mg Lu] were investigated and optimized to provide 90 Y-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 and 177 Lu-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 of high SA. The stability of the radiolabeled compounds in human serum was evaluated over a period of 24 h. The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3, known to express GRP receptors, was used for in vitro evaluation of radiolabeled peptide affinity to GRP receptors and for assessment of cytotoxicity of both nonlabeled and radiolabeled peptide. Biodistribution accompanied by receptor blocking was studied in normal Swiss mice. Results: 90 Y-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 and 177 Lu-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 were obtained with radiochemical yield >98% and high SA (67.3 GBq 90 Y/μmol and 33.6 GBq 177 Lu/μmol, respectively). They were stable when incubated in human serum for up to 24 h. The binding affinities of DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 and both nat Y- and nat Lu-labeled analogs to GRP receptors were high (IC 50 =1.78, 1.99, and 1.34 nM, respectively), especially for the nat Lu-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 complex. The cytotoxicity study of DOTA-BN[2-14]NH 2 to PC-3 cells revealed an IC 50 =6300 nM after 72 h of exposition, while the labeled derivatives showed no significant cytotoxic effect. The internalization rate to PC-3 cells was more rapid for 177 Lu-labeled peptide (84.87%) than for the 90 Y-labeled

Interaction of oxygen vacancies in yttrium germanates

KAUST Repository

Wang, Hao

2012-01-01

Forming a good Ge/dielectric interface is important to improve the electron mobility of a Ge metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor. A thin yttrium germanate capping layer can improve the properties of the Ge/GeO 2 system. We employ electronic structure calculations to investigate the effect of oxygen vacancies in yttrium-doped GeO 2 and the yttrium germanates Y 2Ge 2O 7 and Y 2GeO 5. The calculated densities of states indicate that dangling bonds from oxygen vacancies introduce in-gap states, but the system remains insulating. However, yttrium-doped GeO 2 becomes metallic under oxygen deficiency. Y-doped GeO 2, Y 2Ge 2O 7 and Y 2GeO 5 are calculated to be oxygen substoichiometric under low Fermi energy conditions. The use of yttrium germanates is proposed as a way to effectively passivate the Ge/dielectric interface. This journal is © 2012 the Owner Societies.

Clinical evaluation of the partition model for estimating radiation doses from yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of hepatic cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ho, S.; Lau, W.Y.; Leung, T.W.T.; Chan, M.; Johnson, P.J.; Li, A.K.C.

1997-01-01

Radiation doses to the tumour and non-tumorous liver compartments from yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of hepatic cancer, as estimated by a partition model, have been verified by correlation with the actual doses measured with a beta probe at open surgery. The validity of the doses to the lungs, the tumour and non-tumours liver compartment as estimated by the partition model was further evaluated in clinical settings. On the basis of the observation that one of three patients who received more than 30 Gy from a single treatment and one of two patients who received more than 50 Gy from multiple treatments developed radiation pneumonitis, it was deduced that an estimated lung dose 30 Gy as estimated by the partition model and were predicted to develop radiation pneumonitis, did so despite the use of partial hepatic embolization to reduce the degree of lung shunting. Furthermore, a higher radiological response rate and prolonged survival were found in the group of patients who received higher tumour doses, as estimated by the partition model, than in the group with lower estimated tumour doses. Thus the radiation doses estimated by the partition model can be used to predict (a) complication rate, (b) response rate and (c) duration of survival in the same manner as the actual radiation doses measured with a beta probe at open surgery. The partition model has made selective internal radiation therapy using 90 Y microspheres safe and repeatable without laparotomy. (orig.)

Effect of repair resin type and surface treatment on the repair strength of heat-polymerized denture base resin.

Science.gov (United States)

Alkurt, Murat; Yeşil Duymuş, Zeynep; Gundogdu, Mustafa

2014-01-01

Acrylic resin denture fracture is common in prosthodontic practice. When fractured denture bases are repaired, recurrent fractures frequently occur at the repair surface interface or adjacent areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the flexural strength of the acrylic resin denture base repaired with heat-polymerized acrylic resin, autopolymerizing resin, and light-polymerized acrylic resin. Ninety-six specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resin were prepared according to the American Dental Association Specification No. 12 (65.0 × 10.0 × 2.5 mm) and sectioned into halves to create a repair gap (3.0 × 10 × 2.5 mm). The sectioned specimens were divided into 3 groups according to their repair materials. The specimens from each group were divided into 4 subgroups according to their surface treatments: a control group without any surface treatment; an experimental group treated with methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA group); an experimental group treated with airborne-particle abrasion with aluminum oxide particles of 250-μm particle size (abrasion group); and an experimental group treated with erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (laser group). After the surface treatments, the 3 materials were placed into the repair gaps and then polymerized. After all of the specimens had been ground and polished, they were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 week and subjected to a 3-point bend test. Data were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance, and the Tukey honestly significant difference test was performed to identify significant differences (α=.05). The effects of the surface treatments and repair resins on the surface of the denture base resin were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences were found among the groups in terms of repair resin type (P<.001). All surface-treated specimens had higher flexural strength than controls, except the surface treated with the methyl

Scandium, yttrium and the lanthanides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hart, F.A.

1987-01-01

This chapter on the chemistry of the coordination complexes of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanides includes sections on the nitrogen and oxygen donor ligands and complex halides of scandium, and the phosphorus and sulfur donor ligands of yttrium and the lanthanides. Complexes with the macrocylic ligands and with halides are also discussed. Sections on the NMR and electronic spectra of the lanthanides are also included. (UK)

Equilibrium Studies on the Extraction of Yttrium from Chloride Medium by Mono (2-Ethylhexyl) 2-Ethylhexyl Phosphonic Acid (Ion quest 801)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaki, E.E.; Ismail, Z.H.; Aly, H.F.; Sabet, S.A.

2008-01-01

Since 90 Y is one of the useful radioisotopes in nuclear medicine, liquid-liquid extraction of yttrium from chloride medium has been studied under various conditions using neutralized and un-neutralized mono (2-ethylhexyl) 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid (EHEHPA) as an extractant. Effect of reagent concentration, ph of the aqueous medium, metal ion concentration and nature of the diluent on the extraction process has been carried out. Effect of temperature was studied and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Yttrium extracted in organic phase was stripped with various reagents. The stoichiometry of the extracted species of yttrium was determined on the basis of slope analysis of experimental results. Equilibrium equations of the extraction process have been estimated and verified

[(90)Yttrium-DOTA]-TOC response is associated with survival benefit in iodine-refractory thyroid cancer: long-term results of a phase 2 clinical trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Iten, Fabienne; Muller, Beat; Schindler, Christian; Rasch, Helmut; Rochlitz, Christoph; Oertli, Daniel; Maecke, Helmut R; Muller-Brand, Jan; Walter, Martin A

2009-05-15

The authors aimed to explore the efficacy of (90)Yttrium-1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid [(90)Y-DOTA]-Tyr(3)-octreotide (TOC) in advanced iodine-refractory thyroid cancer. In a phase 2 trial, the authors investigated biochemical response (assessed by serum thyroglobulin levels), survival, and the long-term safety profile of systemic [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC treatment in metastasized iodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Adverse events were assessed according to the National Cancer Institute criteria. Survival analyses were performed by using multiple regression models. A total of 24 patients were enrolled. A median cumulative activity of 13.0 GBq (range, 1.7-30.3 GBq) was administered. Response was found in 7 (29.2%) patients. Eight (33.3%) patients developed hematologic toxicity grade 1-3, and 4 (16.7%) patients developed renal toxicity grade 1-4. The median survival was 33.4 months (range, 3.6-126.8 months) from time of diagnosis and 16.8 months (range, 1.8-99.1 months) from time of first [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC treatment. Response to treatment was associated with longer survival from time of diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.92; P = .04) and from time of first [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC therapy (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.04-0.94; P = .04). The visual grade of scintigraphic tumor uptake was not associated with treatment response (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.26-3.14; P = 1.00). Response to [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC in metastasized iodine-refractory thyroid cancer was associated with longer survival. Upcoming trials should aim to increase the number of treatment cycles.

Features of solid solutions composition in magnesium with yttrium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Drits, M.E.; Rokhlin, L.L.; Tarytina, I.E.

1983-01-01

Additional data on features of yttrium solid solutions composition in magnesium in the course of their decomposition investigation in the case of aging are obtianed. The investigation has been carried out on the base of a binary magnesium-yttrium alloy the composition of which has been close to maximum solubility (at eutectic temperature) and magnesium-yttrium alloys additionally doped with zinc. It is shown that higher yttrium solubility in solid magnesium than it has been expected, issueing from the difference in atomic radii of these metals indicates electron yttrium-magnesium atoms interaction. In oversaturated magnesium-yttrium solid solutions at earlier decomposition stages Mg 3 Cd type ordering is observed. At aging temperatures up to 250 deg C and long exposures corresponding to highest strengthening in oversaturated magnesium yttrium solid solutions a rhombic crystal lattice phase with three symmetric orientations is formed

Extraction of nitrates of lanthanoids (3) of the yttrium group and yttrium (3) by trialkylbenzylammonium nitrate in toluene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pyartman, A.K.; Kovalev, S.V.; Keskinov, V.A.; Kopyrin, A.A.

1997-01-01

A study was made on extraction of nitrates of lanthanoids (3) of the yttrium group (terbium-lutetium) and yttrium (3) by trialkylbensylammonium nitrate in toluene at T=298.15 K pH 2. Extraction isotherms are described with account of formation of compound of (R 4 N) 2 [Ln(NO 3 ) 5 ] composition in organic phase. Values of extraction constants decreasing in terbium (3)-lutetium (3) series, were calculated. Value of extraction constant for yttrium (3) is close to the value of extraction constant for ytterbium (3). 13 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs

Study on the coextraction of scandium-yttrium-lumogallion complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okada, T.; Shimoishi, Y.; Miyata, H.; Toei, K.

1977-01-01

The coextraction of scandium-yttrium-lumogallion [LMG;4-chloro-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenylazo)-1-hydroxybenzene-2-sulfonic acid] into diethyl ether has been studied. The acid dissociation constants of LMG, pKsub(a2) and pKsub(a3), were estimated to be 6.24 and 8.05 respectively. The composition of the complex extracted was determined by using the radioisotopes 46 Sc and 90 Y and by spectrophotometry of LMG and the ratio of the components was Sc:Y:LMG = 1:1:3. The coextraction scheme was discussed briefly. (author)

On the use of hydrogen peroxide as a masking agent for the determination of yttrium in uranium oxide - yttrium oxide mixture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rastogi, R.K.; Chaudhuri, N.K.; Rizvi, G.H.; Subramanian, M.S.

1985-01-01

The use of peroxide as a masking agent for uranium during the EDTA titration of yttrium in an yttrium-uranium mixture containing large amounts of uranium was investigated. High acetate ion concentration was necessary to keep the peroxy complex of uranium in solution during the titration. It was observed that uranium could be tolerated up to 500 mg in the determination of yttrium with 0.5 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide in approx. 1M acetate medium. The precision and accuracy of the method based on 16 determinations of yttrium at 6-16 mg level in the presence of 300 mg uranium was found to be +-0.2%. (author)

Relative biocompatibility of micro-hybrid and nano-hybrid light-activated composite resins.

Science.gov (United States)

Olabisi Arigbede, Abiodun; Folasade Adeyemi, Bukola; Femi-Akinlosotu, Omowumi

2017-01-01

Background. In vitro studies have revealed a direct association between resin content and cytotoxicity of composite resins; however, implantation studies in this regard are sparse. This study investigates the relationship between filler content of composite resins and biocompatibility. Methods. This research employed twelve 180‒200-gr male Wistar rats, 1 nano-hybrid (Prime-Dent Inc.) and 1 micro-hybrid (Medental Inc.) composite resins containing 74% and 80‒90% filler content, respectively. The samples were assessed on the 2nd, 14th and 90th day of implantation. Four rats were allocated to each day in this experimental study. A section of 1.5mm long cured nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid materials were implanted into the right and left upper and lower limbs of the rats, respectively. Eight samples were generated on each day of observation. Inflammation was graded according to the criteria suggested by Orstavik and Major. Pearson's chi-squared test was employed to determine the relationship between the tissue responses of the two materials. Statistical significance was set at P resin had a score of 3.0 for cellular inflammation. On the 14th day, the micro-hybrid resin also exhibited a lower average grade for cellular inflammation. On the 90th day, the micro-hybrid resin had a higher grade of inflammation (0.9) compared to 0.3 recorded for nano-hybrid. The composite resins with higher filler content elicited a significantly lower grade of inflammation irrespective of the duration (χ=20.000, df=8, P=0.010) while the composite resins with lower filler content elicited a significantly lower inflammatory response on the 90th day (χ=4.000, df=1, P=0.046). Conclusion. The composite resins with higher filler content generally elicited significantly lower grades of inflammation, and the composite resins with lower filler content exhibited significantly lower inflammatory response on the 90th day of implantation.

Embolization of Hepatic Arterial Branches to Simplify Hepatic Blood Flow Before Yttrium 90 Radioembolization: A Useful Technique in the Presence of Challenging Anatomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karunanithy, Narayan; Gordon, Fabiana; Hodolic, Marina; Al-Nahhas, Adil; Wasan, Harpreet S.; Habib, Nagy; Tait, Nicholas P.

2011-01-01

Purpose: In the presence of variant hepatic arterial anatomy, obtaining whole-liver coverage with yttrium 90 (Y90) radioembolization may be challenging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a technique whereby variant hepatic arterial branches are embolized and then Y90 is administered selectively into one remaining hepatic arterial branch results in whole-liver coverage and effective therapy. A retrospective comparison of treatment response was made between a group of patients who underwent this technique before Y90 administration and a group of patients who received standard Y90 administration as a single dose into the proper hepatic artery or in divided doses into the immediate hepatic artery branches. The rest of the workup and treatment were identical in both groups, including routine embolization of potential nonhepatic, nontarget vessels (e.g., the gastroduodenal artery). Methods: A total of 32 patients (mean age 56.9 years, range 39–77 years) treated with Y90 between June 2004 and March 2008 were analyzed. The primary malignancy was colorectal in 29, breast in 2, and cholangiocarcinoma in 1. Group 1 comprised 20 patients who had no alterations to their hepatic arterial supply. Group 2 comprised 12 cases who had undergone prior embolization of hepatic arterial branches before administration of Y90. The response to treatment was assessed by comparing standardized uptake value (SUV) on the pre- and postprocedure fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic studies of representative lesions within the right and left lobes of the liver. Results: In group 1, significant response (P < 0.001) was seen among right lobe lesions but not among left lobe lesions (P = 0.549). In group 2, there was a significant response among both right (P = 0.028) and left (P = 0.014) lobe lesions. No difference was found in the response of right lobe lesions (P = 0.726) between groups 1 and 2; a significantly greater response was found in group 2 compared to group 1 (P

Intra-arterial therapy of neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases: comparing conventional TACE, drug-eluting beads TACE and yttrium-90 radioembolisation as treatment options using a propensity score analysis model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minh, Duc Do; Gorodetski, Boris; Smolka, Susanne; Savic, Lynn Jeanette; Wainstejn, David [Charite Universitaetsmedizin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Berlin (Germany); Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT (United States); Chapiro, Julius; Schlachter, Todd [Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT (United States); Huang, Qiang [Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT (United States); Capital Medical University, Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing (China); Liu, Cuihong [Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT (United States); Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, The Ultrasound Department, Jinan (China); Lin, MingDe [Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT (United States); Philips Research North America, U/S Imaging and Interventions (UII), Cambridge, MA (United States); Gebauer, Bernhard [Charite Universitaetsmedizin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Berlin (Germany); Geschwind, Jean-Francois [Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT (United States)

2017-12-15

To compare efficacy, survival outcome and prognostic factors of conventional transarterial chemoembolisation (cTACE), drug-eluting beads TACE (DEB-TACE) and yttrium-90 radioembolisation (Y90) for the treatment of liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumours (NELM). This retrospective analysis included 192 patients (58.6 years mean age, 56% men) with NELM treated with cTACE (N = 122), DEB-TACE (N = 26) or Y90 (N = 44) between 2000 and 2014. Radiologic response to therapy was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria using periprocedural MR imaging. Survival analysis included propensity score analysis (PSA), median overall survival (MOS), hepatic progression-free survival, Kaplan-Meier using log-rank test and the uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (MVA). MOS of the entire study population was 28.8 months. As for cTACE, DEB-TACE and Y90, MOS was 33.8 months, 21.7 months and 23.6 months, respectively. According to the MVA, cTACE demonstrated a significantly longer MOS as compared to DEB-TACE (p <.01) or Y90 (p =.02). The 5-year survival rate after initial cTACE, DEB-TACE and Y90 was 28.2%, 10.3% and 18.5%, respectively. Upon PSA, our study suggests significant survival benefits for patients treated with cTACE as compared to DEB-TACE and Y90. This data supports the therapeutic decision for cTACE as the primary intra-arterial therapy option in patients with unresectable NELM until proven otherwise. (orig.)

Comparative study on DOTA-derivatized bombesin analog labeled with {sup 90}Y and {sup 177}Lu: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koumarianou, Eftychia [Institute R-RP, NCSR ' Demokritos' , Athens (Greece); IAE, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock (Poland)], E-mail: eytyxiak@yahoo.com; Mikolajczak, Renata; Pawlak, Dariusz [IAE, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock (Poland); Zikos, Xhristos; Bouziotis, Pinelopi [Institute R-RP, NCSR ' Demokritos' , Athens (Greece); Garnuszek, Piotr; Karczmarczyk, Urszula; Maurin, Michal [Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Chelmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw (Poland); Archimandritis, Spyridon C. [Institute R-RP, NCSR ' Demokritos' , Athens (Greece)

2009-08-15

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare in vitro and in vivo a novel DOTA-chelated bombesin (BN) analog of the amino acid sequence, QRLGNQWAVGHLM-CONH{sub 2} (BN[2-14]NH{sub 2}), labeled with {sup 90}Y and {sup 177}Lu, for its potential use in targeted radiotherapy of tumors expressing gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptors. The same amino acid sequence, but with different chelator, referred as BN1.1 (Gly-Gly-Cys-Aca-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-CONH{sub 2}), has already been studied and reported; however, the DOTA-chelated one, suitable for labeling with M{sup +3} type radiometals, was not yet described. Methods: The conditions for labeling of DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} with noncarrier added {sup 90}Y and with {sup 177}Lu [specific activity (SA), 15 Ci/mg Lu] were investigated and optimized to provide {sup 90}Y-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} and {sup 177}Lu-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} of high SA. The stability of the radiolabeled compounds in human serum was evaluated over a period of 24 h. The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3, known to express GRP receptors, was used for in vitro evaluation of radiolabeled peptide affinity to GRP receptors and for assessment of cytotoxicity of both nonlabeled and radiolabeled peptide. Biodistribution accompanied by receptor blocking was studied in normal Swiss mice. Results: {sup 90}Y-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} and {sup 177}Lu-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} were obtained with radiochemical yield >98% and high SA (67.3 GBq {sup 90}Y/{mu}mol and 33.6 GBq {sup 177}Lu/{mu}mol, respectively). They were stable when incubated in human serum for up to 24 h. The binding affinities of DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} and both {sup nat}Y- and {sup nat}Lu-labeled analogs to GRP receptors were high (IC{sub 50}=1.78, 1.99, and 1.34 nM, respectively), especially for the {sup nat}Lu-DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} complex. The cytotoxicity study of DOTA-BN[2-14]NH{sub 2} to PC-3 cells revealed an IC{sub 50}=6300 nM after 72 h of exposition, while the labeled derivatives showed no

The search for an 111In labeled agent for the solid component of gastric emptying

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dewanjee, M.K.; Brown, M.L.; Chowdhury, S.; Thomforde, G.; Malagelada, J.

1988-01-01

111 In-labeled solid meal was prepared by chelation of 111 In with Chelex resin bead. The effect of grinding of normal Chelex bead on 111 In chelation and retention in solid meal was evaluated in an in vitro system. The Chelex resin beads were ground in a mortar-pestle to form ground Chelex resin beads. Fine particles were removed by resuspension in distilled water and centrifugation. One hundred to 150 μCi of 111 In chloride was diluted with HCl and mixed with 1g of Chelex resin beads. Unbound 111 In was removed by centrifugation. The 111 In-labeled Chelex resin beads were mixed with fresh egg and 111 In-labeled solid metal was prepared by heating until solid. The meals were digested with HCl-pepsin for 4 h in a stirrer-bath (37 0 C). Aliquots were collected at intervals for determination of 111 In loss from 111 In-labeled solid meal. These results suggest that 111 In Chelex resin beads were retained in solid meals at a higher level than normal Chelex resin beads and other 111 In-tracers. (author)

Search for an /sup 111/In labeled agent for the solid component of gastric emptying

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dewanjee, M.K.; Brown, M.L.; Chowdhury, S.; Thomforde, G.; Malagelada, J.

1988-01-01

/sup 111/In-labeled solid meal was prepared by chelation of /sup 111/In with Chelex resin bead. The effect of grinding of normal Chelex bead on /sup 111/In chelation and retention in solid meal was evaluated in an in vitro system. The Chelex resin beads were ground in a mortar-pestle to form ground Chelex resin beads. Fine particles were removed by resuspension in distilled water and centrifugation. One hundred to 150 ..mu..Ci of /sup 111/In chloride was diluted with HCl and mixed with 1g of Chelex resin beads. Unbound /sup 111/In was removed by centrifugation. The /sup 111/In-labeled Chelex resin beads were mixed with fresh egg and /sup 111/In-labeled solid metal was prepared by heating until solid. The meals were digested with HCl-pepsin for 4 h in a stirrer-bath (37/sup 0/C). Aliquots were collected at intervals for determination of /sup 111/In loss from /sup 111/In-labeled solid meal. These results suggest that /sup 111/In Chelex resin beads were retained in solid meals at a higher level than normal Chelex resin beads and other /sup 111/In-tracers.

Yttrium ion implantation on the surface properties of magnesium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, X.M.; Zeng, X.Q.; Wu, G.S.; Yao, S.S.

2006-01-01

Owing to their excellent physical and mechanical properties, magnesium and its alloys are receiving more attention. However, their application has been limited to the high reactivity and the poor corrosion resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate the beneficial effects of ion-implanted yttrium using a MEVVA ion implanter on the surface properties of pure magnesium. Isothermal oxidation tests in pure O 2 at 673 and 773 K up to 90 min indicated that the oxidation resistance of magnesium had been significantly improved. Surface morphology of the oxide scale was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that the implanted layer was mainly composed of MgO and Y 2 O 3 , and the implanted layer with a duplex structure could decrease the inward diffusion of oxygen and reduce the outward diffusion of Mg 2+ , which led to improving the oxidation resistance of magnesium. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the implanted magnesium. The results show yttrium implantation could enhance the corrosion resistance of implanted magnesium compared with that of pure magnesium

Biologic gastric emptying time in diabetic patients, using Tc-99m-labeled resin-oatmeal with and without metoclopramide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Domstad, P.A.; Kim, E.E.; Coupal, J.J.; Beihn, R.; Yonts, S.; Choy, Y.C.; Mandelstam, P.; DeLand, F.H.

1980-11-01

Biologic gastric emptying time (BGET) was measured in 24 patients with severe diabetes mellitus complicated by vascular damage and peripheral or sensory neuropathy. This population had a BGET of 192 +- 32.9 min (mean +- s.e.m. normal 40 to 85 min). Patients with diabetic gastroenteropathy had prolongation of BGET to 295 +- 45 (p < 0.05). Metoclopramide significantly shortened BGET in this subgroup to 101 +- 40 min, with return to normal values in eight of the 12 patients given the drug. The Tc-99m-labeled resin-oatmeal test meal used as described in this study provides a reliable measure of BGET and of the response to metoclopramide.

WE-AB-204-02: Molecular-Imaging Based Assessment of Liver Complications for Yttrium-90 Microsphere Treatments: Can Existing NTCP Models Explain Clinical Outcomes?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, M; Choi, E; Chuong, M; Saboury, B; Moeslein, F; D’Souza, W; Guerrero, M [University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States)

2015-06-15

Purpose: To evaluate weather the current radiobiological models can predict the normal liver complications of radioactive Yttrium-90 ({sup 90}Y) selective-internal-radiation-treatment (SIRT) for metastatic liver lesions based on the post-infusion {sup 90}Y PET images. Methods: A total of 20 patients with metastatic liver tumors treated with SIRT that received a post-infusion {sup 90}Y-PET/CT scan were analyzed in this work. The 3D activity distribution of the PET images was converted into a 3D dose distribution via a kernel convolution process. The physical dose distribution was converted into the equivalent dose (EQ2) delivered at 2 Gy based on the linear-quadratic (LQ) model considering the dose rate effect. The biological endpoint of this work was radiation-induce liver disease (RILD). The NTCPs were calculated with four different repair-times (T1/2-Liver-Repair= 0,0.5,1.0,2.0 hr) and three published NTCP models (Lyman-external-RT, Lyman 90Y-HCC-SIRT, parallel model) were compared to the incidence of RILD of the recruited patients to evaluate their ability of outcome prediction. Results: The mean normal liver physical dose (avg. 51.9 Gy, range 31.9–69.8 Gy) is higher than the suggested liver dose constraint for external beam treatment (∼30 Gy). However, none of the patients in our study developed RILD after the SIRT. The estimated probability of ‘no patient developing RILD’ obtained from the two Lyman models are 46.3% to 48.3% (T1/2-Liver-Repair= 0hr) and <1% for all other repair times. For the parallel model, the estimated probability is 97.3% (0hr), 51.7% (0.5hr), 2.0% (1.0hr) and <1% (2.0hr). Conclusion: Molecular-images providing the distribution of {sup 90}Y enable the dose-volume based dose/outcome analysis for SIRT. Current NTCP models fail to predict RILD complications in our patient population, unless a very short repair-time for the liver is assumed. The discrepancy between the Lyman {sup 90}Y-HCC-SIRT model predicted and the clinically

Pathological changes in cystic craniopharyngiomas following intracavital 90Yttrium treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szeifert, G.T.; Julow, J.; Slowik, F.; Balint, K.; Lanyi, F.; Pasztor, E.

1990-01-01

Radiosurgery, using 90 Y injected directly into the cavity of cystic craniopharyngiomas produces remarkable reduction of tumour size and diminishes cyst fluid production. The authors have studied the histology of biopsy and autopsy material obtained from seven patients presented with cystic craniopharyngiomas. Histological examination was carried out before and after 90 Y silicate implantation. As an effect of 90 Y irradiation, histology of samples taken from the cyst wall revealed that the lining epithelial cell layer became destroyed and the cyst wall shrunk. Large amount of collagen fibres with focal hyaline degeneration was present. Proliferation of intimal cells and subendothelial connective tissue narrowing small vessel lumina also occurred. Considering that fibrotic tissue is more susceptible to shrink, the fibrosis induced by irradiation together with destruction of the squamous epithelium and vascular changes, might explain the reduction of the cyst volume and diminished fluid secretion after 90 Y treatment. (Authors)

Surface modifications induced by yttrium implantation on low manganese-carbon steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caudron, E.; Buscail, H. [Univ. Blaise Pascal Clermont-Fd II, Le Puy en Velay (France). Lab. Vellave d' Elaboration et d' Etude des Materiaux; Haanapel, V.A.C.; Jacob, Y.P.; Stroosnijder, M.F. [Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Center, The European Commission, 21020, Ispra (Italy)

1999-12-15

Low manganese-carbon steel samples were ion implanted with yttrium. Sample compositions and structures were investigated before and after yttrium implantations to determine the yttrium distribution in the sample. Yttrium implantation effects were characterized using several analytical and structural techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection high energy electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, glancing angle X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. In this paper it is shown that correlation between composition and structural analyses provides an understanding of the main compounds induced by yttrium implantation in low manganese-carbon steel. (orig.)

Determination of strontium-90 in soil samples

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chang, C C

1976-06-01

The determination of /sup 90/Sr in soil by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) is often interfered with iron which is always present in soil sample. Based on the method given by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, HClO/sub 4/ is added to remove iron ions while the soil sample is analyzed with TBP. The effect of different concentrations of HClO/sub 4/ on extraction yield of iron and chemical yield of yttrium is investigated. The experimental results show that 2N HClO/sub 4/ is the optimum concentration. The chemical yield of yttrium can reach about 60 percent, and all iron ions can be removed. This method has successfully been applied to analyze the soil samples taken from the site of the nuclear power plant in North Taiwan.

Method for chromatographically recovering scandium and yttrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Snyder, T.S.; Stoltz, R.A.

1991-01-01

This paper describes a method for chromatographically recovering scandium and yttrium from the residue of a sand chlorinator. It comprises: providing a residue from a sand chlorinator, the residue containing scandium, yttrium, sodium, calcium and at least one radioactive metal of the group consisting of radium, thorium and uranium; digesting the residue with an acid to produce an aqueous liquid containing scandium, yttrium, sodium, calcium and at least one radioactive metal of the group consisting of radium, thorium and uranium; feeding the metal containing liquid through a cation exchanger; eluding the cation exchanger with an acid eluant to to produce: a first eluate containing at least half of the total weight of the calcium and sodium in the feed liquid; a second eluate containing at least half of the total weight of the one or more radioactive metals in the feed liquid; a third eluate containing at least half of the yttrium in the feed liquid, and a fourth eluate containing at least half of the weight of the scandium in the feed liquid

Reaction of yttrium polonides with carbon dioxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abakumov, A.S.; Khokhlov, A.D.; Reznikova, N.F.

1986-01-01

It has been proved that heating of yttrium and tantalum in carbon dioxide to 500 and 800 0 C alters the gas phase composition, causing formation of carbon monoxide and reduction of oxygen content. A study of the thermal stability of yttrium polonides in carbon dioxide showed that yttrium sesqui- and monopolonides decompose at 400-430 0 C. The temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of polonium obtained upon decomposition of the referred polonides has been determined in a carbon dioxide environment radiotensometrically. The enthalpy of the process calculated from this dependence is close to the enthalpy of vaporization of elemental polonium in vacuo. The mechanism of the reactions has been suggested

Assessing Intra-arterial Complications of Planning and Treatment Angiograms for Y-90 Radioembolization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahmed, Osman, E-mail: osman1423@gmail.com [Rush University Medical Center, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (United States); Patel, Mikin V. [University of Chicago, Department of Radiology (United States); Masrani, Abdulrahman; Chong, Bradford; Osman, Mohammed; Tasse, Jordan; Soni, Jayesh; Turba, Ulku Cenk; Arslan, Bulent [Rush University Medical Center, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (United States)

2017-05-15

PurposeTo report hepatic arterial-related complications encountered during planning and treatment angiograms for radioembolization and understand any potential-associated risk factors.Materials and Methods518 mapping or treatment angiograms for 180 patients with primary or metastatic disease to the liver treated by Yttrium-90 radioembolization between 2/2010 and 12/2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Intra-procedural complications were recorded per SIR guidelines. Patient demographics, indication for treatment, prior exposure to chemotherapeutic agents, operator experience, and disease burden were reviewed. Technical variables including type of radioembolic (glass vs. resin microspheres), indication for angiography (mapping vs. treatment), variant anatomy, and attempts at coil embolization were also assessed.ResultsThirteen (13/518, 2.5%) arterial-related complications occurred in 13 patients. All but two complications resulted during transcatheter coil embolization to prevent non-target embolization. Complications included coil migration (n = 6), arterial dissection (n = 2), focal vessel perforation (n = 2), arterial thrombus (n = 2), and vasospasm prohibiting further arterial sub-selection (n = 1). Transarterial coiling was identified as a significant risk factor of complications on both univariate and multivariate regression analysis (odds ratio 7.8, P = 0.004). Usage of resin microspheres was also a significant risk factor (odds ratio 9.5, P = 0.042). No other technical parameters or pre-procedural variables were significant after adjusting for confounding on multivariate analysis (P > 0.05).ConclusionIntra-procedural hepatic arterial complications encountered during radioembolization were infrequent but occurred mainly during coil embolization to prevent non-target delivery to extra-hepatic arteries.

Adsorption behaviour of scandium, yttrium, cerium and uranium from xylenol orange solutions onto anion-exchange resins

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chao, H E; Suzuki, N [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Science

1981-04-01

The effects of concentration, pH and anions on the adsorption behaviour of xylenol orange (XO) on the strong anion exchangers, Amberlite IRA-400 and Hitachi 2632 are described. The adsorption behaviour of the XO complexes of Ce(III), Y(III), Sc(III) and U(VI) on the Amberlite IRA-400 resin as a function of XO concentration and pH is reported. A continuous-flow radiometric detector is used to investigate the separations of the Ce(III)-Sc(III), Y(III)-Sc(III), and Ce(III)-Y(III) pairs on the XO-form Hitachi 2632 resin column by pH control. Satisfactory separations of the Ce(III)-Sc(III) and Y(III)-Sc(III) pairs are achieved.

Yttrium implantation effects on extra low carbon steel and pure iron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caudron, E.; Buscail, H. [Clermont-Ferrand-2 Univ., Le Puy en Velay (France). Lab. Vellave d`Elaboration; Jacob, Y.P.; Stroosnijder, M.F. [Institute for Advanced Materials, Joint Research Center, The European Commission, 21020, Ispra (Vatican City State, Holy See) (Italy); Josse-Courty, C. [Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Reactivite des Solides, UMR 56-13 CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 9 Avenue A. Savary, B.P. 400, 21011, Dijon Cedex (France)

1999-05-25

Extra low carbon steel and pure electrolytic iron samples were yttrium implanted using ion implantation technique. Compositions and structures of pure iron and steel samples were investigated before and after yttrium implantation by several analytical and structural techniques (RBS, SIMS, RHEED and XRD) to observe the yttrium implantation depth profiles in the samples. This paper shows the different effects of yttrium implantations (compositions and structures) according to the implanted sample nature. (orig.) 23 refs.

Radiochemical schemes of obtaining 89Sr and 90Y radionuclides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Usarov, Z. O.

2010-03-01

Key words: strontium-89, yttrium-90, extraction and extraction-chromatographic purification of radionuclides, radiopharmaceuticals. Subjects of research: strontium-89 and yttrium-90 radionuclides and their chloride forms. Purpose of work is developing of radiochemical technologies on obtaining of 89 Sr and 90 Y on the WWR-SM reactor with high radionuclide purity. Methods of research: extraction and extraction-chromatographic methods of radionuclides separation, beta- and gamma-spectrometric methods of activity measuring. The results obtained and their novelty: Were determined the conformity to laws of Y and Sr distribution in two-phase systems TBP-HNO 3 , TBP-NH 4 NO 3 , TBP-HCI, HDEHP-NO 3 , HDEHP-NH 4 NO 3 and HDEHP-HCI. Were determined the conformity to laws of Y and Sr distribution in systems with craun ethers DB-18K-6 and DTBDB-18K-6 from water solutions of HNO 3 . Radiochemical technologies on obtaining of 89 Sr and 90 Y radionuclides including radiochemical process of yttrium target with using the systems TBP-HNO 3 and HDEHP/Teflone were developed. Practical value: the radiochemical technology of obtaining 89 Sr with high radionuclide purity was developed. The method of preparation a chloride compound of 89 SrCl 2 which is used as a drug form for preparation of 89 Sr- 'Metastron' was developed. The relatively simple method of on the way obtaining 90 Y in the reactor with high radionuclidic purity that is useful for follow using in medical practice was offered. Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the developed technologies have approbation in manufacturing conditions in Radiopreparat Enterprise of INP AS RU and were offered for receiving of domestic preparations against of import foreign analogues. The statement about using the invention by obtained patent is attached to dissertation. Field of application: the received results will be introduced in manufacture at Radiopreparat Enterprise of INP AS RU for receiving of domestic preparations

Yttrium-90 Needles in Interstitial Beta-Ray Therapy; Les Aiguilles d'Yttrium-90 en Endo-Electron-Therapie (Betatherapie Interstitielle); ИГЛЫ ИЗ ИТТРИЯ-90 ДЛЯ ЭНДОЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ВНУТРИТКАНЕВОЙ БЕТА-ТЕРАГИ; Agujas de Itrio-90 en la Endo-Electronterapia (Betaterapia Intersticial)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pierquin, B.; Mortreuil, M.; Beyer, H.; Dutreix, J.; Chassagne, D.; Galle, P.; Jammes, R. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Saclay (France)

1963-03-15

The Technical Unit for Interstitial Irradiation Therapy by Radioisotopes, of the Gustave Roussy Institute is at present studying, in collaboration with the Saclay Nuclear Centre, some therapeutic applications of interstitial beta-therapy using yttrium-90. Equipment: The needles consist of a stainless-steel tube, 1-mm diam., 0.1-mm wall thickness and 30 or 40 mm in length, closed at one end by a sharp point and at the other by a projecting head for attaching a pull-out wire. The yttrium oxide cylinders or seeds (5 mm x 0.6 mm) are irradiated for one week at a flux of 2.7 x 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2}s and are loaded three or five in each needle. Dosimetry: These yttrium-90 needles are supplied by the Saclay Centre with a standard activity of 1-1.5 me/cm (radioactive length). The activity is monitored both by a 4-{pi} counter and by a film densitometer. The reference dose is calculated by standard method at 2 mm from the tube wall assuming, with a certain approximation, a dose-rate of 10 rad/min for an activity of 1 me/cm. Therapeutic applications: Yttrium-90 needle radiobiology is still an almost unexplored field. The rapid fall-off in the dose beyond 3 mm from the needle wall causes difficulty in obtaining uniform distribution of irradiation in the treated tissues. In principle, the positioning of needles at 5 - 6 mm distance one from another is a possibility, but requires an implanting device capable of extremely delicate control, as an error of 1 or 2mm may cause too many hot or cold points. For that reason the authors decided to use the needles, at a first stage, in benign vascular tumours, with no biological attempt to obtain uniform irradiation of the tissue, the aim being confined to creating sclerotic areas in bands centred around the needles and separated by areas of tissue having received little or no irradiation. In this way it was-hoped to obtain an adequate sclerogenous effect in a certain number of tuberous angiomas while at the same time giving the

Preparation of γ-immunoglobulins coupled with DTPA and their labelling with trivalent metal radionuclides for radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rekova, M.; Miler, V.; Budsky, F.; Malek, Z.; Prokop, J.; Prazak, Z.

2007-06-01

The scope of the report is as follows: immunoglobulin coupling with cDTPAA and labelling of the conjugate with 90 Y; Acid-base and complexation equilibria in the coupled immunoglobulin solution; Theory of the complex equilibrium of yttrium between coupled immunoglobulin and EDTA; and Procedures and results of recent experiments. The following was achieved: (i) The dependence of the bovine immunoglobulin on the cDTPAA/IgG coupling ratio and immunoglobulin concentration was obtained; (ii) A procedure aimed to free phosphate buffer from ubiquitous trivalent cations was tested; (iii) The procedure of lyophilization of coupled bovine IgG-DTPA in a phosphate buffer at pH 7.34 and I = 0.16 mol.l -1 .was elaborated. (iv) A procedure for lyophilization of the coupled CD20 monoclonal antibody in the same phosphate buffer was elaborated. (v) Acid-base and complexation equilibria were calculated for citrate and phosphate buffer solutions in the presence of coupled immunoglobulin. ( vi) A theory of the complexation equilibrium of yttrium between coupled immunoglobulin and EDTA was developed. (vii) Experiments were performed leading to the determination of a so far unknown constant of complexity of yttrium to DTPA coupled to immunoglobulin; its 3rd and 4th dissociation constants. (viii) The method sub (vii) can be applied to the determination of the complexity constants of other radionuclides with DTPA coupled to immunoglobulin; the 3rd and 4th dissociation constants of IgG-DTPA will not have to be sought any more. (ix) Samples of lyophilizate of the Y-CD20-DTPA complex can be sent to the biochemical laboratory for immunoreactivity determination. (x) Lyophilizates from experiments (iv-vi) are stored in a refrigerator at 4 deg C to be used for labelling with 177 Lu. (xi) The results obtained can be used to plan an experiment with CD20 in which a specific radioactivity of 400 MBq 177 Lu per mg CD20 will be achieved. (P.A.)

Radio-chemical dosage of {sup 90}Sr in large volumes of drinking water; Dosage radiochimique du {sup 90}Sr sur des volumes importants d'eaux potables

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeanmaire, L; Patti, F; Bullier, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

I. Principle of the method: 1. Fixing on a resin of all the cations present in the water. 2. Elution using 5 N nitric acid and precipitation of strontium as the carbonate. 3. Concentration of the strontium using the fuming nitric acid method. 4. Purification of the strontium on a resin by selective elution with ammonium citrate. 5. The strontium-90 is measured by separation at the {sup 90}Y equilibrium in the form of the oxalate which is then counted. II. Advantages of the method The concentration of the radio-activity starting from large volumes (100 l) is generally tedious but this method which makes use of a fixation on a cationic resin makes it very simple. The rest of the method consists of a series of simple chemical operations using ion-exchange on resins and coprecipitation. Finally, it is possible to dose stable strontium. (authors) [French] I. Principe du dosage 1. Fixation sur resine de tous les cations presents dans l'eau, 2. Elution par l'acide nitrique 5 N et precipitation du strontium sous forme de carbonate. 3. Concentration du strontium par la methode a l'acide nitrique fumant. 4. Purification du strontium sur resine par elution selective au citrate d'ammonium. 5. Le strontium-90 est dose par separation a l'equilibre du {sup 90}Y sous forme d'oxalate qui est compte. II. Interet de la methode La concentration de la radioactivite a partir de volumes importants (100 l) est generalement fastidieuse, la technique proposee rend cette phase tres simple en utilisant une fixation sur resine cationique. Le reste de la technique est une suite d'operations chimiques simples a realiser, faisant appel a l'echange d'ions sur resine et a la coprecipitation. Enfin, il est possible de realiser le dosage du strontium stable. (auteurs)

Dose distribution to spinal structures from intrathecally administered yttrium-90

Science.gov (United States)

Mardirossian, George; Hall, Michael; Montebello, Joseph; Stevens, Patrick

2006-01-01

Previous treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) malignancies by intrathecal administration of 131I-radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies has led to the assumption that more healthy tissue will be spared when a pure beta-emitter such as 90Y replaces 131I. The purpose of this study is to compare and quantitatively evaluate the dose distribution from 90Y to the CSF space and its surrounding spinal structures to 131I. A 3D digital phantom of a section of the T-spine was constructed from the visible human project series of images which included the spinal cord, central canal, subarachnoid space, pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater, vertebral bone marrow and intervertebral disc. Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP4C) was used to model the 90Y and 131I radiation distribution. Images of the CSF compartment were convolved with the radiation distribution to determine the dose within the subarachnoid space and surrounding tissues. 90Y appears to be a suitable radionuclide in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies when attached to mAb's and the dose distribution would be confined largely within the vertebral foramen. This choice may offer favourable dose improvement to the subarachnoid and surface of spinal cord over 131I in such an application.

Determination of 90Sr in milk by solvent extraction of 90Y

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitsuhashi, Toshihiko; Sakanoue, Masanobu.

1977-01-01

In order to replace the conventional method using violent fuming nitric acid, a new method for the determination of 90 Sr in milk has been developed by using the solvent extraction with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP). The daughter nuclide 90 Y in a radiochemical equilibrium with its parent 90 Sr was extracted with 2:1 HDEHP-toluene from the acid solution (1M HCl) of milk ash sample prepared by dry-ashing. After stripping with 8M HCl, 90 Y, together with stable yttrium added as carrier, was precipitated as oxalate to prepare β-counting source. The radiochemical purity was confirmed by decay curve. The decontamination of strontium was checked by applying non-dispersive fluorescence x-ray analysis using 133 Ba as irradiating source. Bone samples of cow were also analyzed by the same method and the results were compared with those obtained by other methods. The duplicate crosschecking analyses of finely ground bone samples were carried out to examine the effectiveness of this method. This simple new method was found to be very effective for the routine analysis of 90 Sr in these samples. (auth.)

N-m-nitrocinnamoylphenylhydroxyl-amine as reagent for amperometric determination of yttrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliferenko, G.L.; Gallaj, Z.A.; Sheina, N.M.; Shvedene, N.V.

1983-01-01

Possibility of using organic reagent of unsaturated N-arylsubstituted derivatives class of hydroxamic acids N-m-nitrocinnamoyl phenylhydroxylamire (NCPHA) for amperometric titration of yttrium using indication of e.t.p. by current of reagent oxidation on graphite electrode is investigated. Metal and the NCPHA form difficultly soluble complex with ratio of yttrium to the NCPHA, which is equal to 1:3. Buffer mixtures of 0.1MNH 3 +0.1MCH 3 COOH composis tion with pH 6.3-7.5 are optimal background solutions for amperometric titration of yttrium. The proposed method permits to determine 10-600 μkg of yttrium in the volume of 10 ml. Effect of the series of strange elements on titration of yttrium with NCPHA (Ca, Mg, Mn (2), Al, CU (2), Fe (3) REE and others) is studied. The developed method is used for yttrium determination in luminophores of Casub(n)-- Ysub(m)Fsub(z)xMn(2) (1-10%) composition

Preparation of 90Sr-90Y generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin Xiaohai; Yu Haibin; Zhang Jinming; Zhang Peixin; Lin Qiongfang

1990-01-01

In recent years, 90 Y has been considered as one of the best radionuclides for tumor radioimmunotherapy when chelated to tumor-associated antibodies. This evaluation is based on the superior properties of this radionuclide (suitable half-life, pure β-ray emitter of intermediate energy, stable daughters, and suitable chemical properties) and because it is available as a radionuclide generator product by decay of its 28a parent 90 Sr. The experimental conditions of 90 Sr- 90 Y generator are described. The elution efficiency of 90 Sr- 90 Y generator reaches 98%. One of the most important problems is the 90 Sr contamination breakthrough from the generator. The level of 90 Sr contamination must be controlled to the clinical standard. The cation exchange resin 732 (100-150 mesh) was successfully used for the separation of 90 Y from 90 Sr. The method used by the authors provides a 90 Y-HAc solution which is very simple and safe for administration to the patients. 90 Y was separated from 90 Sr almost completely, the level of the 90 Sr contamination per 740 MBq 90 Y product was only 0.74 kBq. However the toxicity of 90 Sr is extremely high, the human life-time permissible dose is 74 kBq, then 740 MBq of 90 Y is allowed to be administrated to a patient for 50-100 times

Crystallization of Yttrium and Samarium Aluminosilicate Glasses

OpenAIRE

Lago, Diana Carolina; Prado, Miguel Oscar

2016-01-01

Aluminosilicate glasses containing samarium and yttrium (SmAS and YAS glasses) exhibit high glass transition temperatures, corrosion resistance, and glass stability on heating which make them useful for technological applications. Yttrium aluminosilicate glass microspheres are currently being used for internal selective radiotherapy of liver cancer. During the preparation process, crystallization needs to be totally or partially avoided depending on the final application. Thus knowing the cry...

Yttrium doped BSCF membranes for oxygen separation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haworth, P.; Smart, S.; Glasscock, Julie

2011-01-01

This work investigates the partial substitution of yttrium in place of iron in BSCF to form Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2−xYxO3−δ, where x varied between 0 and 0.2. X-ray diffraction patterns showed the formation of a perovskite cubic phase structure up to x = 0.15, whilst the full substitution of yttrium...

Thermoanalytical study of the formation mechanism of yttria from yttrium acetate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farjas, J.; Camps, J.; Roura, P.; Ricart, S.; Puig, T.; Obradors, X.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Thermal decomposition of yttrium acetate: three endothermic stages. → Intermediates: yttrium hydroxide and carbonate. → Product: cubic yttria (the degree of transformation is at least 99%). → The decomposition does not depend on the oxygen partial pressure. - Abstract: The processes involved in the thermal decomposition of yttrium acetate tetrahydrate, Y(CH 3 COO) 3 .4H 2 O, in air and in an inert atmosphere have been analyzed by thermoanalytical techniques (thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and evolved gas analysis) and by the structural characterization (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy) of intermediates and final products. Decomposition of yttrium acetate is an endothermic transformation that takes place in a temperature range between 350 and 900 o C. The evolution of the mass during the decomposition process is not affected by the presence of oxygen. The process is initiated by the rupture of the bond between the metallic cation and the acetate ligand. This initial step (350-450 o C) involves the formation of amorphous yttrium hydroxide and yttrium carbonate and is characterized by a fast mass loss rate. A sudden decrease of the mass loss rate indicates a change in the decomposition kinetics that continues with the decomposition of yttrium hydroxide and yttrium carbonate. The main effect of an oxygen atmosphere is an intense exothermic process due to the combustion of organic species in the gas phase.

Radiopacity of Methacrylate and Silorane Composite Resins Using a Digital Radiographic System.

Science.gov (United States)

Firoozmand, Leily Macedo; Cordeiro, Mariana Gonçalves; Da Silva, Marcos André Dos Santos; De Jesus Tavarez, Rudys Rodolfo; Matos Maia Filho, Etevaldo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of silorane and methacrylate resin composites, comparing them to the enamel, dentin, and aluminum penetrometer using a digital image. From six resin composites (Filtek ™ P90, Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 XT flow, Tetric Ceram, TPH Spectrum, and SureFil SDR flow) cylindrical disks (5 × 1 mm) were made and radiographed by a digital method, together with a 15-step aluminum step-wedge and a 1 mm slice of human tooth. The degree of radiopacity of each image was quantified using digital image processing. The mean values of the shades of gray of the tested materials were measured and the equivalent width of aluminum was calculated for each resin. The results of our work yielded the following radiopacity values, given here in descending order: Tetric Ceram > TPH > SDR > Z350 > Z350 flow > P90 > enamel > dentin. The radiopacity of the materials was different both for the enamel and for the dentin, except for resin P90, which was no different than enamel. In conclusion, silorane-based resin exhibited a radiopacity higher than dentin and closest to the enamel; a large portion of the methacrylate-based flow and conventional resins demonstrated greater radiopacity in comparison to dentin and enamel.

Interstitial pituitary irradiation with 90Y for the treatment of acromomegaly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassar, J.; Doyle, F.H.; Banks, L.M.; Jadresic, A.; Mashiter, K.; Joplin, G.F.

1981-01-01

The management of 54 acromegalics referred to us between 1974 and 1978 has been analysed. Twenty-two patients were treated with pituitary implants of yttrium-90 ( 90 Y). Eleven are in complete remission (mean growth hormone (GH) < 11 mlU/l), 8 had improved (mean GH 11-20 mlU/l or 50% less than preoperatively) and 3 were poor responders. Two patients had temporary 6th nerve paresis. Seven patients are on replacement therapy. Thirty- one patients were not implanted for the following reasons with a number of patients having more than one: extension of the tumour into the spehnoid sinus 10, or above the sella 3, partially empty sella 9, internal carotids too close to midline 2, invisible landmarks 1, mild acromegaly 6, poor general health 3, declined investigations or operation 6. It is concluded that pituitary implant of yttrium is an effective and safe form of treatment on carefully selected patients. (author)

Separation and Species Characterization of Complex Compound of Yttrium-90 and Strontium-90 by Paper Electrophoresis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sulaiman; Adang Hardi G; Noor Anis Kundari

2007-01-01

The research for species characterization of 90 Y and 90 Sr complex compound have been conducted using variation of buffer, concentration of HCl, electrophoresis operation voltage, time of electrophoresis, and electrophoresis migration media. From many trials, the conclusions are the applicable buffer are tartrate buffer and citrate buffer. These buffers can make a complex compound of 90 Y and there is migration to the anode. But, 90 Sr can’t make any complex compound and migration to the cathode. The optimum concentration of hydrochloride acid is 8 M with tartrate buffer but for citrate buffer, the concentration HCl is 2 M. The hydrochloric acid is used to dissolved the both elements as the mentioned above, but also for making complex ligand. The optimum electrophoresis operation voltage is 200 Volt for the both buffer solution and the duration of electrophoresis operation is 2.5 hours with using tartrate buffer but for citrate buffer the duration is 2 hours. The media of migration which can be used for replacing paper is silica. (author)

Transient human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) interference in CA 125 measurements during monitoring of ovarian cancer patients treated with murine monoclonal antibody.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oei, A.L.M.; Sweep, F.C.; Massuger, L.F.A.G.; Olthaar, A.J.; Thomas, C.M.G.

2008-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) on serial CA 125 measurements in serum of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer following single intraperitoneal (IP) therapy with Yttrium-90-labeled human milk fat globule 1 murine monoclonal antibody ((90)Y-muHMFG1) as

Studies on yttrium oxide coatings for corrosion protection against molten uranium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chakravarthy, Y.; Bhandari, Subhankar; Pragatheeswaran; Thiyagarajan, T.K.; Ananthapadmanabhan, P.V.; Das, A.K.; Kumar, Jay; Kutty, T.R.G.

2012-01-01

Yttrium oxide is resistant to corrosion by molten uranium and its alloys. Yttrium oxide is recommended as a protective oxide layer on graphite and metal components used for melting and processing uranium and its alloys. This paper presents studies on the efficacy of plasma sprayed yttrium oxide coatings for barrier applications against molten uranium

WE-AB-BRA-05: PET-Guided Delivery Quality Evaluation of Yttrium-90 Microsphere Radioembolizaton for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: The Optimal Sequence of Radioembolizaton and Chemoembolization Treatments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, M [The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, TX (United States); Saboury, B [University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States)

2016-06-15

Purpose: Selective-internal-radiation-therapy (SIRT) and transarterial-chemoembolization (TACE) are commonly used for treatment of liver tumors. The use of TACE, which is macroembolic, prior to SIRT may cause hemodynamic changes in tumor vasculature that impair yttrium-90 (90Y) microsphere delivery to the targeted lesions. This work aims to quantify dosimetric tumor coverage using 90Y positron emission tomography (PET) dosimetry after SIRT alone compared to TACE followed by SIRT. Methods: A total of 40 consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SIRT patients who had a post-SIRT 90Y PET/CT scan were evaluated. The patient-specific-3D-dose was reconstructed from the PET images. Patients were categorized into two groups: patients received TACE prior SIRT procedure (n=18) and patient received SIRT alone (n=22). The lesions and liver were delineated by a senior radiologist. We evaluated both the lesion-specific dose-volume-histogram (DVH) and the selectivity index (SI) defined as the ratio of the average dose inside the total lesion(s) and the average dose of the normal liver. The SI values of patients were compared based on whether TACE was previously used. Results: A wide spectrum was observed in the lesion-specific DVH-evaluation and SI appeared to be suitable of evaluating the quality of each SIRT infusion. The average SI of the entire patient group was 3.0, i.e. targeted lesion receiving three times higher dose than normal liver. The average SI was 1.8 for patients who had prior TACE and 3.9 for patients who did not have prior TACE (p=0.008). 85% of the patients with prior TACE demonstrated poor 90Y-microsphere delivery (SI <2) while none demonstrated excellent delivery (SI >4). On the other hand, the incidence SI >4 among patients with no prior TACE was 37%. Conclusion: 3D dose evaluation using post-SIRT PET suggests that 90Y microsphere delivery to liver tumors is impaired among patients who received prior TACE compared to those who receive SIRT alone.

Analyses and quantitative determination of the strontium radioisotopes 89 and 90 in milk powder; Recherche et dosage des isotopes radioactifs 89 et 90 du strontium dans le lait en poudre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeanmaire, L; Michon, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1959-07-01

The authors describe a procedure for the determination of the strontium radioisotopes 89 and 90. The concentration of strontium is made possible by the insolubility of its nitrate salt in strong nitric acid which allows the removal of greatest part of calcium. The purification is performed on a cation exchange column. The amount of radioisotope 90 is determined by means of its daughter product yttrium 90 necessary calibrations and computations are treated in special paragraphs. With regard to the reproducibility of the measurements, the fluctuations are less than 20 per cent. This seems satisfaction for such a technique which have great sensibility while being long and necessitative great carefulness. (author) [French] Les auteurs decrivent une technique de dosage des isotopes 89 et 90 du strontium. La concentration du strontium est assuree grace a l'insolubilite de son nitrate dans l'acide nitrique concentre, ce qui permet d'eliminer la plus grande partie du Ca. La purification se fait sur une colonne echangeuse de cations. L'isotope 90 est dose grace a son descendant l'yttrium 90. Les etalonnages et calculs necessaires font l'objet de paragraphes detailles. En ce qui concerne la reproductibilite des mesures, les fluctuations sont inferieures a 20 pour cent, ce qui semble satisfaisant devant la grande sensibilite de la methode qui reste cependant longue et delicate. (auteur)

Monoclonal antibody fragment removal mediated by mixed mode resins.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Connor, Ellen; Aspelund, Matthew; Bartnik, Frank; Berge, Mark; Coughlin, Kelly; Kambarami, Mutsa; Spencer, David; Yan, Huiming; Wang, William

2017-05-26

Efforts to increase monoclonal antibody expression in cell culture can result in the presence of fragmented species requiring removal in downstream processing. Capto adhere, HEA Hypercel, and PPA Hypercel anion exchange/hydrophobic interaction mixed mode resins were evaluated for their fragment removal capabilities and found to separate large hinge IgG1 antibody fragment (LHF) from monomer. Removal of greater than 75% of LHF population occurred at pH 8 and low conductivity. The mechanism of fragment removal was investigated in two series of experiments. The first experimental series consisted of comparison to chromatographic behavior on corresponding single mode resins. Both single mode anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction resins failed to separate LHF. The second experimental series studied the impact of phase modifiers, ethylene glycol, urea, and arginine on the mixed mode mediated removal. The addition of ethylene glycol decreased LHF removal by half. Further decreases in LHF separation were seen upon incubation with urea and arginine. Therefore, it was discovered that the purification is the result of a mixed mode phenomena dominated by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding effects. The site of interaction between the LHF and mixed mode resin was determined by chemical labeling of lysine residues with sulfo-NHS acetate. The labeling identified the antibody hinge and light chain regions as mediating the fragment separation. Sequence analysis showed that under separation conditions, a hydrophobic proline patch and hydrogen bonding serine and threonine residues mediate the hinge interaction with the Capto adhere ligand. Additionally, a case study is presented detailing the optimization of fragment removal using Capto adhere resin to achieve purity and yield targets in a manufacturing facility. This study demonstrated that mixed mode resins can be readily integrated into commercial antibody platform processes when additional chromatographic abilities

Tracking of double-labeled thermoresponsive polymer biological behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loukotova, L.; Kucka, J.; Hruby, M.; Rabyk, M.; Sefc, L.; Kolarova, V.; Vesela, M.; Francova, P.; Paral, P.; Heizer, T.

2017-01-01

To study biological behavior of this hybrid copolymer, we used mice (strain C57BL/6) bearing EL4 tumors. We separated mice into four groups. The first group (IMUNO) was treated with β-glucan-graft-poly(2-isopropyl-2- oxazoline-co-2-butyl-2-oxazoline) bearing at the graft ends fluorescence dye Dyomics-615 and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetraacetic acid (DOTA). The second group (RADIO-IMUNO) was treated with the same polymer, here having at the graft ends complex DOTA-yttrium-90(III). The third group (RADIO) was treated only with corresponding polyoxazoline grafts bearing complex DOTA-yttrium- 90(III) and the fourth group we used without treatment as a control group. We measured for two weeks polymer depot stability in vivo with Optical Imaging System. We are also able to collect signal from radioactive isotopes by converting high energy beta particles into visible light. (authors)

Radiopacity of Methacrylate and Silorane Composite Resins Using a Digital Radiographic System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leily Macedo Firoozmand

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of silorane and methacrylate resin composites, comparing them to the enamel, dentin, and aluminum penetrometer using a digital image. From six resin composites (Filtek™ P90, Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 XT flow, Tetric Ceram, TPH Spectrum, and SureFil SDR flow cylindrical disks (5 × 1 mm were made and radiographed by a digital method, together with a 15-step aluminum step-wedge and a 1 mm slice of human tooth. The degree of radiopacity of each image was quantified using digital image processing. The mean values of the shades of gray of the tested materials were measured and the equivalent width of aluminum was calculated for each resin. The results of our work yielded the following radiopacity values, given here in descending order: Tetric Ceram > TPH > SDR > Z350 > Z350 flow > P90 > enamel > dentin. The radiopacity of the materials was different both for the enamel and for the dentin, except for resin P90, which was no different than enamel. In conclusion, silorane-based resin exhibited a radiopacity higher than dentin and closest to the enamel; a large portion of the methacrylate-based flow and conventional resins demonstrated greater radiopacity in comparison to dentin and enamel.

Evidence of organic luminescent centers in sol-gel-synthesized yttrium aluminum borate matrix leading to bright visible emission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burner, Pauline; Salauen, Mathieu; Ibanez, Alain; Gautier-Luneau, Isabelle [Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, Grenoble (France); CNRS, Inst NEEL, Grenoble (France); Sontakke, Atul D.; Viana, Bruno [PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (France); Bardet, Michel [Universite Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, MEM, Grenoble (France); Mouesca, Jean-Marie; Gambarelli, Serge; Maurel, Vincent [Universite Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES, Grenoble (France); Barra, Anne-Laure [Laboratoire National des Champs Magnetiques Intenses, UPR CNRS 3228, Universite Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble (France); Ferrier, Alban [PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (France); Sorbonne Universites UPMC Universites Paris 06, Paris (France)

2017-11-06

Yttrium aluminum borate (YAB) powders prepared by sol-gel process have been investigated to understand their photoluminescence (PL) mechanism. The amorphous YAB powders exhibit bright visible PL from blue emission for powders calcined at 450 C to broad white PL for higher calcination temperature. Thanks to {sup 13}C labelling, NMR and EPR studies show that propionic acid initially used to solubilize the yttrium nitrate is decomposed into aromatic molecules confined within the inorganic matrix. DTA-TG-MS analyses show around 2 wt % of carbogenic species. The PL broadening corresponds to the apparition of a new band at 550 nm, associated with the formation of aromatic species. Furthermore, pulsed ENDOR spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations enables us to ascribe EPR spectra to free radicals derived from small (2 to 3 rings) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PAH molecules are thus at the origin of the PL as corroborated by slow afterglow decay and thermoluminescence experiments. (copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Standard test of labelling efficiency for quality control of no carrier added 90YCl3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beran, M.; Eigner Henke, K.; Srank, J.; Melichar, F.

2007-01-01

Particle emitting radionuclides (e.g. beta-emitters 90 Y and 177 Lu, alpha-emitter 211 At, Auger electron emitter 165 Er or positron emitter 86 Y) are beeing more and more frequently used in research and clinical practice for imaging and targeted therapy in nuclear medicine. This radiometals, altogether three valent lanthanides or actinides with high specific radioactivity, coupled to biomolecule carriers (peptides or monoclonal antibodies) through chelating link (e.g. DTPA or DOTA) are targeted against specific antigens and receptors of diseased tissues in order to obtain their image or to cause their radiation ablation. The radionuclide precursor 90 YCl 3 (solution of hard β-emitter 90 Y in a diluted HCl) with high purity and specific activity is already commercially produced and successfully used in nuclear medicine, e.g. for radioimmunotherapy of Lymphoma. Specification and purity of our product obtained by extraction 90 Sr/ 90 Y generator (using technology of centrifuge extractors with di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid) is examined and compared to other similar products in this contribution. A standard method for determination of labelling efficiency of the precursor with DOTA Octreotide (DOTATATE) using ITLC/SG chromatography is also described and proposed for quality assesment. (Author)

166Ho and 90Y labeled 6D2 monoclonal antibody for targeted radiotherapy of melanoma: Comparison with 188Re radiolabel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thompson, S.; Ballard, B.; Jiang, Z.; Revskaya, E.; Sisay, N.; Miller, W.H.; Cutler, C.S.; Dadachova, E.; Francesconi, L.C.

2014-01-01

Introduction: An approach to radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of metastatic melanoma is the targeting of melanin pigment with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to melanin radiolabeled with therapeutic radionuclides. The proof of principle experiments were performed using a melanin-binding antibody 6D2 of IgM isotype radiolabeled with a β emitter 188 Re and demonstrated the inhibition of tumor growth. In this study we investigated the efficacy of 6D2 antibody radiolabeled with two other longer lived β emitters 90 Y and 166 Ho in treatment of experimental melanoma, with the objective to find a possible correlation between the efficacy and half-life of the radioisotopes which possess high energy β (E max > 1.5 MeV) emission properties. Methods: 6D2 was radiolabeled with longer lived β emitters 90 Y and 166 Ho in treatment of experimental melanoma in A2058 melanoma tumor-bearing nude mice. The immunoreactivity of the radiolabeled 6D2 mAb, its in vitro binding to the MNT1 human melanoma cells, the biodistribution and therapy in A2058 human melanoma bearing nude mice as well as dosimetry calculations were performed. Results: When labeled with the longer lived 90 Y radionuclide, the 6D2 mAb did not produce any therapeutic effect in tumor bearing mice while the reduction of the tumor growth by 166 Ho-6D2 was very similar to the previously reported therapy results for 188 Re-6D2. In addition, 166 Ho-labeled mAb produced the therapeutic effect on the tumor without any toxic effects while the administration of the 90 Y-labeled radioconjugate was toxic to mice with no appreciable anti-tumor effect. Conclusions: 166 Ho-labeled mAb to melanin produced some therapeutic effect on the tumor without any toxic effects while the administration of the 90 Y-labeled radioconjugate was toxic to mice with no appreciable anti-tumor effect. We concluded that the serum half-life of the 6D2 carrier antibody matched well the physical half-life of 166 Ho to deliver the tumoricidal absorbed dose to the

Thermal decomposition of yttrium(III) propionate and butyrate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude

2013-01-01

The thermal decompositions of yttrium(III) propionate monohydrate (Y(C2H5CO2)3·H2O) and yttrium(III) butyrate dihydrate (Y(C3H7CO2)3·2H2O) were studied in argon by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and hot-stage microscopy. These two...

Dosage of strontium 90 in human bone ashes; Dosage du strontium 90 sans les cendres d'os humain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Patti, F; Jeanmaire, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The determination of {sup 90}Sr in bones by dosage of its daughter product {sup 90}Y is a 4-step process: 1) elimination of the phosphate ions by precipitation of the Ca and Sr as oxalate in the presence of acid; 2) reduction in the calcium concentration to a suitable level by the addition of a known volume of nitric acid (a single precipitation is sufficient), the precipitation yield of the strontium nitrate is checked by the measurement of the amount of {sup 85}Sr added as tracer; 3) purification by a yttrium hydroxide precipitation; 4) extraction at equilibrium of the {sup 90}Y which is counted to give the concentration. By using 50 gm of ash it is possible to detect about 0.1 pCi of {sup 90}Sr per gram of calcium. The advantages of this technique: -) treatment of a large quantity of bone ash -) the use of a small volume of nitric acid (less than 2 ml/g of ash, and -) the various operations present no difficulty. (authors) [French] Determination du Sr dans les os par dosage de son produit de filiation {sup 90}Y. Principe du dosage: 1 - Eliminer les ions phosphates par precipitation du calcium et du strontium sous forme d'oxalate en milieu acide. 2 - Reduire la concentration en calcium a un niveau convenable par addition d'un volume determine d'acide nitrique (une seule precipitation est necessaire). Le rendement de precipitation du nitrate de strontium est controle par la mesure de {sup 85}Sr ajoute comme traceur. 3 - Purifier par une precipitation d'hydroxyde d'yttrium. 4 - Extraire a l'equilibre l'{sup 90}Y qui eat compte pour determiner le {sup 90}Sr. En traitant 50 g de cendre, il est possible de deceler de l'ordre de 0,1 pCi de {sup 90}Sr par gramme de calcium. Les 3 avantages de cette technique: 1 - traitement d'une quantite importante de cendres d'os, 2 - emploi d'un faible volume d'acide nitrique (moins de 2 ml/g de cendres), et 3 - les diverses operations ne presentent aucune difficulte.

Solvent extraction studies on separation of yttrium from xenotime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, D.K.; Anitha, M.; Kain, V.

2017-01-01

Rare earths consists a group of 15 element from La to Lu in the periodic table and it also includes Sc and Y since they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties. The unique physical-chemical properties of the REEs render them important in applications as varies as high strength magnets, lighting phosphors, policing compounds and ceramics. In particular, yttrium finds numerous applications in many areas including superconductors, lasers, phosphors, nuclear reactors, astronavigation, ceramics etc. Yttrium is chemically similar to heavy rare earths (HRE: terbium, dysprosium, erbium, holmium, ytterbium, thulium and lutecium). Yttrium behaves like HRE due to similarity in ionic radius and finds place between Ho and Er. The cross current profile in terms of the plot of concentration of yttrium in raffinate as a function of contact number indicated the complete recovery of rare earths from nitrate solution of xenotime wet cake

Determination of /sup 90/Sr in milk by solvent extraction of /sup 90/Y

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mitsuhashi, T [National Inst. of Animal Industry, Chiba (Japan); Sakanoue, M

1977-10-01

In order to replace the conventional method using violent fuming nitric acid, a new method for the determination of /sup 90/Sr in milk has been developed by using the solvent extraction with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP). The daughter nuclide /sup 90/Y in a radiochemical equilibrium with its parent /sup 90/Sr was extracted with 2:1 HDEHP-toluene from the acid solution (1M HCl) of milk ash sample prepared by dry-ashing. After stripping with 8M HCl, /sup 90/Y, together with stable yttrium added as carrier, was precipitated as oxalate to prepare ..beta..-counting source. The radiochemical purity was confirmed by decay curve. The decontamination of strontium was checked by applying non-dispersive fluorescence x-ray analysis using /sup 133/Ba as irradiating source. Bone samples of cow were also analyzed by the same method and the results were compared with those obtained by other methods. The duplicate crosschecking analyses of finely ground bone samples were carried out to examine the effectiveness of this method. This simple new method was found to be very effective for the routine analysis of /sup 90/Sr in these samples.

A thermal neutron scattering law for yttrium hydride

Science.gov (United States)

Zerkle, Michael; Holmes, Jesse

2017-09-01

Yttrium hydride (YH2) is of interest as a high temperature moderator material because of its superior ability to retain hydrogen at elevated temperatures. Thermal neutron scattering laws for hydrogen bound in yttrium hydride (H-YH2) and yttrium bound in yttrium hydride (Y-YH2) prepared using the ab initio approach are presented. Density functional theory, incorporating the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation energy, is used to simulate the face-centered cubic structure of YH2 and calculate the interatomic Hellmann-Feynman forces for a 2 × 2 × 2 supercell containing 96 atoms. Lattice dynamics calculations using PHONON are then used to determine the phonon dispersion relations and density of states. The calculated phonon density of states for H and Y in YH2 are used to prepare H-YH2 and Y-YH2 thermal scattering laws using the LEAPR module of NJOY2012. Analysis of the resulting integral and differential scattering cross sections demonstrates adequate resolution of the S(α,β) function. Comparison of experimental lattice constant, heat capacity, inelastic neutron scattering spectra and total scattering cross section measurements to calculated values are used to validate the thermal scattering laws.

Treatment of unresectable primary and metastatic liver cancer with yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere): assessment of hepatic arterial embolization.

Science.gov (United States)

Sato, Kent; Lewandowski, Robert J; Bui, James T; Omary, Reed; Hunter, Russell D; Kulik, Laura; Mulcahy, Mary; Liu, David; Chrisman, Howard; Resnick, Scott; Nemcek, Albert A; Vogelzang, Robert; Salem, Riad

2006-01-01

In Canada and Europe, yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere); MDS Nordion, Ottawa, Canada) are a primary treatment option for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. We present data from 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic liver disease treated with TheraSphere from a single academic institution to evaluate the angiographically evident embolization that follows treatment. Seven interventional radiologists from one treatment center compared pretreatment and posttreatment angiograms. The reviewers were blinded to the timing of the studies. The incidence of postembolization syndrome (PES) was determined as well as objective tumor response rates by the World Health Organization (WHO), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. There were 420 independent angiographic observations that were assessed using the chi-squared statistic. The pretreatment and posttreatment angiograms could not be correctly identified on average more than 43% of the time (p = 0.0004). The postprocedure arterial patency rate was 100%. The objective tumor response rates for all patients were 24%, 31%, and 72% for WHO, RECIST, and EASL criteria, respectively. All of the patients tolerated the procedure without complications and were treated on an outpatient basis, and four patients had evidence of PES. This treatment method does not result in macroscopic embolization of the hepatic arteries, thereby maintaining hepatic tissue perfusion. These data support the principle that the favorable response rates reported with TheraSphere are likely due to radiation and microscopic embolization rather than flow-related macroscopic embolization and ischemia.

Quality of life in patients diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma: hepatic arterial infusion of Cisplatin versus 90-Yttrium microspheres (Therasphere).

Science.gov (United States)

Steel, Jennifer; Baum, Andrew; Carr, Brian

2004-02-01

The aims of the study were to test the difference in health-related quality (HRQL) of life and survival in patients diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcionma (HCC) and treated with either hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of Cisplatin or 90-Yttrium microspheres (Therasphere). The design of the study was a non-randomized parallel cohort study. Twenty-eight patients participated in the present study. HRQL was assessed by administration of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary. Survival was measured using Kaplan Meier methods. The results of present study suggest treatment with Therasphere) had an advantage in regard to HRQL and survival when compared to Cisplatin. At 3-month follow-up, patients who were treated with Therasphere had a higher level of functional well-being as well as overall quality of life when compared to patients treated with Cisplatin. At 6-month follow-up patients (treated with Therasphere) continued to have better functional well-being when compared to patients being treated with HAI of Cisplatin. At 6-month follow-up, survival was found to be similar for patients treated with Therasphere when compared to patients being treated with Cisplatin. Preliminary data suggest that treatment with Therasphere has a modest advantage in regard to HRQL when compared patients treated with HAI of Cisplatin. Future research with Therasphere, that includes a larger sample size and longer follow-up, is necessary to make definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and effect on HRQL. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

{sup 90}Y Production and Its Biodistribution in Mice; Pembuatan {sup 90}Y dan Biodistribusinya ke Mencit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tri-Murni,; Cahyana,; Triyanto,; Djoharly,; Abidin,; Dede-K,; Karyadi, [Center for Development of Radioisotope and Radiopharmacentical(Indonesia)

2001-11-15

Yttrium - 90 is radioisotope emitting pure {beta} with maximum energy of 2.27 MeV while its average {beta} energy is 0.93 MeV. {sup 90}Y radioisotope was produced utilizing G.A Siwabessy reactor employing thermal neutron capture process. In nuclear medicine this radioisotope is utilized for bone mettastase palliative and curative therapies. Parameters in this research were the weight of natural Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} target, irradiation time in the reactor, radiochemical purity and specific activity. The end product of the process is YCl{sub 3}, in saline solution. Then sterility of the {sup 90}Y radioisotope so produced is tested and its biodistribution analysis results in mice organs show that the percentage of this radioisotope in the liver is much higher than the ones in heart, kidneys, lung and intestine. Therefore it is concluded that {sup 90}Y radioisotope in the form of YCl{sub 3} can be utilized as a radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. (author)

Size-dependent cytotoxicity of yttrium oxide nanoparticles on primary osteoblasts in vitro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Guoqiang, E-mail: zhougq1982@163.com; Li, Yunfei; Ma, Yanyan; Liu, Zhu; Cao, Lili; Wang, Da; Liu, Sudan; Xu, Wenshi; Wang, Wenying [Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science (China)

2016-05-15

Yttrium oxide nanoparticles are an excellent host material for the rare earth metals and have high luminescence efficiency providing a potential application in photodynamic therapy and biological imaging. In this study, the effects of yttrium oxide nanoparticles with four different sizes were investigated using primary osteoblasts in vitro. The results demonstrated that the cytotoxicity generated by yttrium oxide nanoparticles depended on the particle size, and smaller particles possessed higher toxicological effects. For the purpose to elucidate the relationship between reactive oxygen species generation and cell damage, cytomembrane integrity, intracellular reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell apoptosis rate, and activity of caspase-3 in cells were then measured. Increased reactive oxygen species level was also observed in a size-dependent way. Thus, our data demonstrated that exposure to yttrium oxide nanoparticles resulted in a size-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured primary osteoblasts, and reactive oxygen species generation should be one possible damage pathway for the toxicological effects produced by yttrium oxide particles. The results may provide useful information for more rational applications of yttrium oxide nanoparticles in the future.

A method for determination of Sr-90 Y-90 by using EDTA and ion-exchangers-Applications to the determination of those radioisotopes in milk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, C.M.; Lima, F.W. de.

1987-05-01

Amethod in which the complex of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with yttrium, used in conjunction with ion-exchangers for determination of Sr-90 is described. The method was to the determination of concentration of Sr-90 in milk, avoiding, in this way, protein elimination by acid precipitation or by evaporation of milk and ashing the residue. Analysis of samples of milk from various places in the state of Sao Pa ulo, Brazil, were carried out and the results are reported. Values found are much lower than maximum permissible concentration. (Author) [pt

Development of 2024 AA-Yttrium composites by Spark Plasma Sintering

Science.gov (United States)

Vidyasagar, CH S.; Karunakar, D. B.

2018-04-01

The method of fabrication of MMNCs is quite a challenge, which includes advanced processing techniques like Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), etc. The objective of the present work is to fabricate aluminium based MMNCs with the addition of small amounts of yttrium using Spark Plasma Sintering and to evaluate their mechanical and microstructure properties. Samples of 2024 AA with yttrium ranging from 0.1% to 0.5 wt% are fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Hardness of the samples is determined using Vickers hardness testing machine. The metallurgical characterization of the samples is evaluated by Optical Microscopy (OM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Unreinforced 2024 AA sample is also fabricated as a benchmark to compare its properties with those of the composite developed. It is found that the yttrium addition increases the above mentioned properties by altering the precipitation kinetics and intermetallic formation to some extent and then decreases gradually when yttrium wt% increases beyond 0.3 wt%. High density (˂ 99.75) is achieved in the samples and highest hardness achieved is 114 Hv, fabricated by spark plasma sintering and uniform distribution of yttrium is observed.

Biocompatibility, Inflammatory Response, and Recannalization Characteristics of Nonradioactive Resin Microspheres: Histological Findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bilbao, Jose I.; Martino, Alba de; Luis, Esther de; Diaz-Dorronsoro, Lourdes; Alonso-Burgos, Alberto; Martinez de la Cuesta, Antonio; Sangro, Bruno; Garcia de Jalon, Jose A.

2009-01-01

Intra-arterial radiotherapy with yttrium-90 microspheres (radioembolization) is a therapeutic procedure exclusively applied to the liver that allows the direct delivery of high-dose radiation to liver tumors, by means of endovascular catheters, selectively placed within the tumor vasculature. The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of spheres within the precapillaries, inflammatory response, and recannalization characteristics after embolization with nonradioactive resin microspheres in the kidney and liver. We performed a partial embolization of the liver and kidney vessels in nine white pigs. The left renal and left hepatic arteries were catheterized and filled with nonradioactive resin microspheres. Embolization was defined as the initiation of near-stasis of blood flow, rather than total occlusion of the vessels. The hepatic circulation was not isolated so that the effects of reflux of microspheres into stomach could be observed. Animals were sacrificed at 48 h, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, and tissue samples from the kidney, liver, lung, and stomach evaluated. Microscopic evaluation revealed clusters of 10-30 microspheres (15-30 μm in diameter) in the small vessels of the kidney (the arciform arteries, vasa recti, and glomerular afferent vessels) and liver. Aggregates were associated with focal ischemia and mild vascular wall damage. Occlusion of the small vessels was associated with a mild perivascular inflammatory reaction. After filling of the left hepatic artery with microspheres, there was some evidence of arteriovenous shunting into the lungs, and one case of cholecystitis and one case of marked gastritis and ulceration at the site of arterial occlusion due to the presence of clusters of microspheres. Beyond 48 h, microspheres were progressively integrated into the vascular wall by phagocytosis and the lumen recannalized. Eight-week evaluation found that the perivascular inflammatory reaction was mild. Liver cell damage, bile duct injury, and

Sol gel synthesis for preparation of yttrium aluminium garnet

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vrolijk, J.W.G.A.; Willems, J.W.M.M.; Metselaar, R.; With, de G.; Terpstra, R.A.; Metselaar, R.

1989-01-01

Sol-gel—synthesis for preparation of pure yttrium aluminium garnet powder with small grain size is subject of this ongoing study. Starting materials were sulfates and chlorides of yttrium and aluminium. To obtain pure YAG (Y3A1SO1Z) pH during hydrolysis as well as temperature during calcination and

Microtensile bond strength of composite resin to human enamel prepared using erbium: Yttrium aluminum garnet laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Delfino, Carina Sinclér; Souza-Zaroni, Wanessa Christine; Corona, Silmara Aparecida Milori; Palma-Dibb, Regina Guenka

2007-02-01

The Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) laser used for preparation of cavity can alter the substrate and it could influence the bond strength of enamel. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of Er:YAG laser's energy using microtensile bond test. Three groups were obtained (cavity preparation) and each group was divided into two subgroups (adhesive system). After that the adhesive protocol was performed, sections with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm2 (+/-0.2 mm2) were obtained. The specimens were mounted in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Statistical analysis showed a decrease in bond strength for lased groups (p adhesive system was used the laser 300 mJ subgroup showed higher bond strength compared to the laser 250 mJ (p adhesive procedures than conventional bur-cut cavities. Copyright 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cation-selective extraction column study for the conception of nuclear medical radionuclide generators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Streng, Roman

2012-01-01

The topic of the present work is the conception of a Yttrium-90 radionuclide generator for nuclear medicine applications. Due to its physical properties Yttrium-90 is considered as one of the most useful nuclides for radiotherapeutic cancer treatment. The parent nuclide Strontium-90 is gained during reprocessing of fission products. Thus, the sustained availability of large quantities of Yttrium-90 is limited to a number of research facilities. A radionuclide generator provides an independent Yttrium-90 source and enhances the capacities for radiopharmaceutical research and biomedical applications. The present work focussed on the identification of appropriate column materials for the separation of Strontium and Yttrium. The results for two materials are reported: AnaLig registered Sr-01 and crystalline antimonic acid. Based on the mode of operation of the Technetium-99m generator the aim was to enable the construction of a compact, enclosed apparatus. The projected device comprises a reservoir for the eluant, the ion-exchange column, pipings and radiation shielding. Elution of Yttrium-90 could then be easily performed by connecting evacuated vials to the outlet tube. The prospected concept involves physical and chemical confinements that exclude most of the known processes for Strontium-Yttrium separation. For example no ligands, no oxidizing reactants (e.g. nitric acid) and no organic solvents are to be used, but small volumes of isotonic or buffer solutions and dilute acids respectively. AnaLig registered Sr-01 is a commercially available resin used in extraction chromatography. Its high selectivity for Strontium cations results from the strictly defined cavity of the imbedded cryptand. Determination of weight distribution coefficients, elution studies and pre-generator experiments were carried out. Quantitative separation of Yttrium from Strontium and Zirconium is possible using small volumes of 0,05 M hydrochloric acid as eluant. Furthermore, high flow rates

Cation-selective extraction column study for the conception of nuclear medical radionuclide generators; Untersuchung kationenselektiver Extraktionssaeulen zur Konzeption nuklearmedizinischer Radionuklidgeneratoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Streng, Roman

2012-07-09

The topic of the present work is the conception of a Yttrium-90 radionuclide generator for nuclear medicine applications. Due to its physical properties Yttrium-90 is considered as one of the most useful nuclides for radiotherapeutic cancer treatment. The parent nuclide Strontium-90 is gained during reprocessing of fission products. Thus, the sustained availability of large quantities of Yttrium-90 is limited to a number of research facilities. A radionuclide generator provides an independent Yttrium-90 source and enhances the capacities for radiopharmaceutical research and biomedical applications. The present work focussed on the identification of appropriate column materials for the separation of Strontium and Yttrium. The results for two materials are reported: AnaLig {sup registered} Sr-01 and crystalline antimonic acid. Based on the mode of operation of the Technetium-99m generator the aim was to enable the construction of a compact, enclosed apparatus. The projected device comprises a reservoir for the eluant, the ion-exchange column, pipings and radiation shielding. Elution of Yttrium-90 could then be easily performed by connecting evacuated vials to the outlet tube. The prospected concept involves physical and chemical confinements that exclude most of the known processes for Strontium-Yttrium separation. For example no ligands, no oxidizing reactants (e.g. nitric acid) and no organic solvents are to be used, but small volumes of isotonic or buffer solutions and dilute acids respectively. AnaLig {sup registered} Sr-01 is a commercially available resin used in extraction chromatography. Its high selectivity for Strontium cations results from the strictly defined cavity of the imbedded cryptand. Determination of weight distribution coefficients, elution studies and pre-generator experiments were carried out. Quantitative separation of Yttrium from Strontium and Zirconium is possible using small volumes of 0,05 M hydrochloric acid as eluant. Furthermore, high

Complexation studies with 90Y from a novel 90Sr-90Y generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venkatesh, M.; Pandey, U.; Banerjee, S.; Samuel, G.; Pillai, M.R.A.; Dhami, P.S.; Kannan, R.; Achuthan, P.V.; Chitnis, R.R.; Gopalakrishnan, V.; Ramanujam, A.

2001-01-01

Some features of a novel 90 Sr- 90 Y generator which employs supported liquid membrane (SLM) to separate carrier-free 90 Y from 90 Sr present in the high level waste of the spent fuel of reactor are described. After ascertaining the purity of 90 Y particularly with respect to 90 Sr breakthrough, its complexation was studied with a few oxo/aza donor ligands, such as DTPA, EDTMP, DOTA, TETA and a cyclic phosphonate, CTMP. These studies were primarily carried out to adjudge the quality of the 90 Y obtained from a novel 90 Sr- 90 Y generator and ascertain its usability for labelling biomolecules such as antibodies and peptides. The DOTA complexes are most stable at 37 C in human serum; they appear to be ideal bifunctional chelating agent for use in radioimmunotherapy with 90 Y. (orig.)

Strontium-90 (90Sr) determination using liquid scintillation counting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheberle, L.T.V.; Rosa, M.M.L.; Ferreira, M.T.; Taddei, M.H.T.

2015-01-01

This procedure describes a method for separation and measurement of strontium 90 Sr in water, soils, and biological samples. Water samples may be concentrated using evaporation or calcium phosphate coprecipitation. Soils and biological materials must be dissolved using wet digestion. Tracers and carriers must be added before the attack. Radioactive strontium is separated employing a specific resin before determination by liquid scintillation counting using the double energetic window method. The resin is used to concentrate strontium from samples. Stable strontium is used to monitor method yields and correct results to improve precision and accuracy. The presence of elemental strontium in the sample may bias the gravimetric yield determination. If it is suspected that natural strontium is present in the sample, its concentration should be determined by a suitable means (ICP), and the yield calculation properly modified. Sr-Spec resin with an 8M HNO 3 load solution is used to effectively remove 140 Ba and 40 K isotopes, as well as other interferences from the matrix. Tetravalent plutonium, neptunium, cerium and ruthenium, however, are not removed using nitric acid. The radiochemical procedure was tested using PROCORAD intercomparison exercises and PNI samples. (author)

The transverse strength of acrylic resin after Coleus amboinicus, Lour extract solution immersion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Devi Rianti

2006-12-01

Full Text Available A laboratoric experimental study was conducted on the transverse strength of acrylic resin after Coleus amboinicus, Lour extract solution immersion. The aim of this study is to know the difference of acrylic resin transverse strengths caused by immersion time variations in a concentrate solution. The study was carried out on unpolished acrylic resin plates with 65 × 10 × 2,5 mm dimension; solution with 15% Coleus amboinicus, Lour extract, and 30, 60, 90 days immersion times to measure the transverse strength and sterilized aquadest was used as control. Acrylic resin plates transverse strength was measured using Autograph AG-10 TE. The data was analyzed using One-Way Anova and LSD with 5% degree of significance. The result showed that longer immersion time will decrease the transverse strength of the acrylic resin plates. After 90 days immersion time, the transverse strength decrease is still above the recommended standard transverse strength.

Development of techniques for rapid analysis of 90Sr breakthrough and 90Y activity from a 90Sr-90Y generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chism, S.E.; Goodwin, D.A.; Meares, C.F.

1986-01-01

Recently there has been interest in labelling monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic amounts of a pure beta emitting isotope. 90 Y offers many desirable features and may be conveniently and economically obtained from a 90 Sr- 90 Y generator. A potential hazard with this system is breakthrough of the parent 90 Sr which has a half life of 28 years and is an extremely toxic bone seeking isotope. Therefore it is essential that the daughter be completely separated from its parent. We have devised two simple techniques which allow us to monitor rapidly the amount of 90 Sr breakthrough and quantitate the 90 Y activity over a 5 log range. (author)

Thermoanalytical study of the decomposition of yttrium trifluoroacetate thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eloussifi, H.; Farjas, J.; Roura, P.; Ricart, S.; Puig, T.; Obradors, X.; Dammak, M.

2013-01-01

We present the use of the thermal analysis techniques to study yttrium trifluoroacetate thin films decomposition. In situ analysis was done by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and evolved gas analysis. Solid residues at different stages and the final product have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal decomposition of yttrium trifluoroacetate thin films results in the formation of yttria and presents the same succession of intermediates than powder's decomposition, however, yttria and all intermediates but YF 3 appear at significantly lower temperatures. We also observe a dependence on the water partial pressure that was not observed in the decomposition of yttrium trifluoroacetate powders. Finally, a dependence on the substrate chemical composition is discerned. - Highlights: • Thermal decomposition of yttrium trifluoroacetate films. • Very different behavior of films with respect to powders. • Decomposition is enhanced in films. • Application of thermal analysis to chemical solution deposition synthesis of films

Treatment of Unresectable Primary and Metastatic Liver Cancer with Yttrium-90 Microspheres (TheraSphere (registered) ): Assessment of Hepatic Arterial Embolization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Kent; Lewandowski, Robert J.; Bui, James T.; Omary, Reed; Hunter, Russell D.; Kulik, Laura; Mulcahy, Mary; Liu, David; Chrisman, Howard; Resnick, Scott; Nemcek, Albert A.; Vogelzang, Robert; Salem, Riad

2006-01-01

In Canada and Europe, yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere); MDS Nordion, Ottawa, Canada) are a primary treatment option for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. We present data from 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic liver disease treated with TheraSphere from a single academic institution to evaluate the angiographically evident embolization that follows treatment. Seven interventional radiologists from one treatment center compared pretreatment and posttreatment angiograms. The reviewers were blinded to the timing of the studies. The incidence of postembolization syndrome (PES) was determined as well as objective tumor response rates by the World Health Organization (WHO), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. There were 420 independent angiographic observations that were assessed using the chi-squared statistic. The pretreatment and posttreatment angiograms could not be correctly identified on average more than 43% of the time (p = 0.0004). The postprocedure arterial patency rate was 100%. The objective tumor response rates for all patients were 24%, 31%, and 72% for WHO, RECIST, and EASL criteria, respectively. All of the patients tolerated the procedure without complications and were treated on an outpatient basis, and four patients had evidence of PES. This treatment method does not result in macroscopic embolization of the hepatic arteries, thereby maintaining hepatic tissue perfusion. These data support the principle that the favorable response rates reported with TheraSphere are likely due to radiation and microscopic embolization rather than flow-related macroscopic embolization and ischemia

Preparation of nuclear grade strongly basic anion exchange resin in hydroxide from

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ke Weiqing

1989-01-01

The two-step transformation method was used to prepare 90 kg nuclear grade strongly basic anion exchange resins by using the industrial grade baking soda and caustic soda manufacutred by mercury-cathode electrolysis. The chloride and biscarbonate fraction on resin is 0.8% and 1.25% respectively, when the baking soda and caustic soda consumption is 8.6 and 13.7 times the total exchange capacity of the strongly basic resin

Evidence of yttrium silicate inclusions in YSZ-porcelain veneers.

Science.gov (United States)

Stoner, Brian R; Griggs, Jason A; Neidigh, John; Piascik, Jeffrey R

2014-04-01

This report introduces the discovery of crystalline defects that can form in the porcelain veneering layer when in contact with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). The focus was on dental prostheses and understanding the defects that form in the YSZ/porcelain system; however the data reported herein may have broader implications toward the use and stability of YSZ-based ceramics in general. Specimens were cut from fully sintered YSZ plates and veneering porcelain was applied (X-ray (EDAX) was used for microstructural and elemental analysis. EDAX, for chemical analysis and transmission electron diffraction (TED) for structural analysis were both performed in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Additionally, in order to spatially resolve Y-rich precipitates, micro-CT scans were conducted at varying depths within the porcelain veneer. Local EDAX (SEM) was performed in the regions of visible inclusions and showed significant increases in yttrium concentration. TEM specimens also showed apparent inclusions in the porcelain and selected area electron diffraction was performed on these regions and found the inclusions to be crystalline and identified as either yttrium-silicate (Y2 SiO5 ) or yttrium-disilicate (Y2 Si2 O7 ). Micro-CT data showed that yttrium-silicate precipitates were distributed throughout the thickness of the porcelain veneer. Future studies are needed to determine whether many of the premature failures associated with this materials system may be the result of crystalline flaws that form as a result of high temperature yttrium diffusion near the surfaces of YSZ. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Process for recovering yttrium and lanthanides from wet-process phosphoric acid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janssen, J.A.; Weterings, C.A.

1983-06-28

Process for recovering yttrium and lanthanides from wet-process phosphoric acid by adding a flocculant to the phosphoric acid, separating out the resultant precipitate and then recovering yttrium and lanthanides from the precipitate. Uranium is recovered from the remaining phosphoric acid.

Influence of radiant heating treatments on fusion of high-temperature superconducting yttrium ceramics; Vliyanie termoradiatsionnykh obrabotok na sintez vysokotempiraturnykh sverkhprovodyaschikh ittrievykh keramik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bitenbaev, M I; Polyakov, A I [Inst. Yadernoj Fiziki Natsionalnogo Yadernogo Tsentra Respubliki Kazakhstan, Almaty (Kazakhstan)

1999-07-01

Regardless of the fact that the materials made of HTSC-ceramics are promising, there is no any information about their successful practical application in publications. To our opinion, it is explained by the fact, first of all, that the conservative technologies of the powder metallurgy do not allow producing HTSC systems with excellent operating performance (structure homogeneity, long-term stability of Sc properties and etc.). This report presents outcomes of experiments on fusion of yttrium ceramics containing raw components irradiated by g-rays {sup 60}Co under the temperature exceeding 500 degrees C. HTSC properties of ceramics were studied according to their differential spectra of radio-frequency (RF) field absorption. The RF absorption spectrum of yttrium ceramics samples produced according to conservative technology is sufficiently permitted triplet with the Sc transition temperatures range of 80 K, 90 K, 95 K. Irradiation under the increased temperatures and mechanical limitation allow producing samples of yttrium HTSC-ceramics with sufficient homogeneous structure and superconducting properties that are stable to air conditions for not less than one year.

Synthesis of wrinkled mesoporous silica and its reinforcing effect for dental resin composites.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ruili; Habib, Eric; Zhu, X X

2017-10-01

The aim of this work is to explore the reinforcing effect of wrinkled mesoporous silica (WMS), which should allow micromechanical resin matrix/filler interlocking in dental resin composites, and to investigate the effect of silica morphology, loading, and compositions on their mechanical properties. WMS (average diameter of 496nm) was prepared through the self-assembly method and characterized by the use of the electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and the N 2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The mechanical properties of resin composites containing silanized WMS and nonporous smaller silica were evaluated with a universal mechanical testing machine. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to study the fracture morphology of dental composites. Resin composites including silanized silica particles (average diameter of 507nm) served as the control group. Higher filler loading of silanized WMS substantially improved the mechanical properties of the neat resin matrix, over the composites loaded with regular silanized silica particles similar in size. The impregnation of smaller secondary silica particles with diameters of 90 and 190nm, denoted respectively as Si90 and Si190, increased the filler loading of the bimodal WMS filler (WMS-Si90 or WMS-Si190) to 60wt%, and the corresponding composites exhibited better mechanical properties than the control fillers made with regular silica particles. Among all composites, the optimal WMS-Si190- filled composite (mass ratio WMS:Si190=10:90, total filler loading 60wt%) exhibited the best mechanical performance including flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength and Vickers microhardness. The incorporation of WMS and its mixed bimodal fillers with smaller silica particles led to the design and formulation of dental resin composites with superior mechanical properties. Copyright © 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Photocatalysis of Yttrium Doped BaTiO3 Nanofibres Synthesized by Electrospinning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhenjiang Shen

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Yttrium doped barium titanate (BT nanofibres (NFs with significant photocatalytic effect were successfully synthesized by electrospinning. Considering the necessary factors for semiconductor photocatalysts, a well-designed procedure was carried out to produce yttrium doped BT (BYT NFs. In contrast to BYT ceramics powders and BT NFs, BYT NFs with pure perovskite phase showed much enhanced performance of photocatalysis. The surface modification in electrospinning and subsequent annealing, the surface spreading of transition metal yttrium, and the narrowed band gap energy in yttrium doping were all contributed to the final novel photocatalytic effect. This work provides a direct and efficient route to obtain doped NFs, which has a wide range of potential applications in areas based on complex compounds with specific surface and special doping effect.

An ICP AES method for determination of dysprosium and terbium in high purity yttrium oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rupawate, V.H.; Hareendran, K.N.; Roy, S.B.

2011-01-01

High purity yttrium finds interesting application in astronavigation, luminescence, nuclear energy and metallurgical industries. Most of these applications require yttrium oxide of highest purity. Consequently there is a need for production of high purity yttrium oxide. Separation and purification of yttrium from other rare earths is a challenging task due to their close chemical properties. Liquid-liquid extraction and ion exchange have been widely used in the production of yttrium oxide of highest purity. Determination of impurities, especially other rare earths, in ppm level is required for process development and chemical characterization of the high purity Y 2 O 3 . Many methods have been described in literature. However since the advent of ICP AES much work in this area has been carried out by this technique. This paper describes the work done for determination of dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) in yttrium oxide using a high resolution sequential ICP AES. Emission spectra of rare earth elements are very complex and due to this complexity it is important to select spectral interference free analyte lines for determination of rare earths in rare earth matrix. For the determination of Dy and Tb in Y 2 O 3 , sensitive lines of Dy and Tb are selected from the instrument wavelength table and spectral interference free emission lines for the determination is selected by scanning around the selected wavelengths using 5 g/L Y solution and 5 mg/L standard solutions of Dy and Tb prepared in 4% nitric acid. It is found 353.170 nm line of Dy and 350.917 nm line Tb is suitable for quantitative determination. The signal to background ratio increases with increase in matrix concentration, i.e. from 1 to 5 mg/L. The optimum forward power is determined and it is found to be 1100W for Dy and 1000W for Tb. The instrument is calibrated using matrix matched standards containing 5g/L of Y matrix. Samples are dissolved in nitric acid and Y concentration is maintained at 5g/L. Two

Comparative study of the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel treated with acid etchant and erbium, chromium: Yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adel Sulaiman Alagl

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Aim: The purpose of this investigation is in vitro comparison of the shear bond strength (SBS of composite resin bonded to enamel pretreated with an acid etchant against enamel etched with erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG laser. Materials and Methods: Sixty premolars were sectioned mesiodistally and these 120 specimens were separated into two groups of 60 each (Groups A and B. In Group A (buccal surfaces, enamel surface was etched using 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s. In Group B (lingual surfaces, enamel was laser-etched at 2W for 10 s by Er, Cr:YSGG laser operational at 2780 nm with pulse duration of 140 μs and a frequency of 20 Hz. After application of bonding agent on all test samples, a transparent plastic cylinder of 1.5 mm × 3 mm was loaded with composite and bonded by light curing for 20 s. All the samples were subjected to SBS analysis using Instron Universal testing machine. Failure modes were observed under light microscope and grouped as adhesive, cohesive, and mixed. Failure mode distributions were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: SBS values obtained for acid-etched enamel were in the range of 7.12–28.36 megapascals (MPa and for laser-etched enamel were in the range of 6.23–23.35 MPa. Mean SBS for acid-etched enamel was 15.77 ± 4.38 MPa, which was considerably greater (P < 0.01 than laser-etched enamel 11.24 ± 3.76 MPa. The Chi-square test revealed that the groups showed no statistically significant differences in bond failure modes. Conclusions: We concluded that the mean SBS of composite with acid etching is significantly higher as compared to Er, Cr: YSGG (operated at 2W for 10 s laser-etched enamel.

A retrospective review of Y90 synovectomy in Auckland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stamp, L.

2000-01-01

Full text: A retrospective review of Yttrium 90 synovectomies carried out from June 1997 to February 1999 in Auckland Hospital to determine outcome from the procedure. Methods: Patients were sent a questionnaire for each treated knee The principal outcome measures assessed in the month prior and the 6 months after the Y90 were pain, swelling, walking distance and overall disability score. Referring doctors were sent a questionnaire to provide information on duration of synovitis and treatment. Outcomes measured were presence of effusion 6 months after the Y90, requirement for intra-articular steroid in the 12 months prior to and after the yttrium and change of therapy due lo ongoing symptoms in the treated knee. Results: 29 patients and 40 knees had Y90 during the study period 86% patients with 87.5% knees responded. Referring doctors for 86% patients accounting for 87.5% knees responded. The procedure was well tolerated with the majority of patients reporting nil-mild discomfort during and in the 24 hours after Y90. 86% knees treated reported improvement with a reduction in pain and swelling Patient global assessment reduced from 3.8 to 2.0 while physician global assessment reduced from 3.9 to 3.0. There was an improvement in walking distance 6 months after Y90 with the number of knees able to walk >1km increasing from 2 to 17 14 of 25 patients required a change in treatment because of ongoing problems in the treated knee and one patient has undergone knee joint replacement One further patient is waiting knee joint replacement The need for intra-articular steroid was reduced with 83%, knees having an average of 2.4 steroid injections in the 12 months prior to Y90 compared to 38% knees having an average of 0.7 steroid injections in the 12 months after Y90. Of the 30 knees reporting Improvement 24 knees are at least 12 months post Y90. Of these 50% were Improved at 12 months. As a result of this audit we continue to offer this procedure in the Auckland area, and

Effectiveness of quantitative MAA SPECT/CT for the definition of vascularized hepatic volume and dosimetric approach: phantom validation and clinical preliminary results in patients with complex hepatic vascularization treated with yttrium-90-labeled microspheres.

Science.gov (United States)

Garin, Etienne; Lenoir, Laurence; Rolland, Yan; Laffont, Sophie; Pracht, Marc; Mesbah, Habiba; Porée, Philippe; Ardisson, Valérie; Bourguet, Patrick; Clement, Bruno; Boucher, Eveline

2011-12-01

The goal of this study was to assess the use of quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) analysis for vascularized volume measurements in the use of the yttrium-90-radiolabeled microspheres (TheraSphere). A phantom study was conducted for the validation of SPECT/CT volume measurement. SPECT/CT quantitative analysis was used for the measurement of the volume of distribution of the albumin macroaggregates (MAA; i.e., the vascularized volume) in the liver and the tumor, and the total activity contained in the liver and the tumor in four consecutive patients presenting with a complex liver vascularization referred for a treatment with TheraSphere. SPECT/CT volume measurement proved to be accurate (mean error <7%) and reproducible (interobserver concordance 0.99). For eight treatments, in cases of complex hepatic vascularization, the hepatic volumes based on angiography and CT led to a relative overestimation or underestimation of the vascularized hepatic volume by 43.2 ± 32.7% (5-87%) compared with SPECT/CT analyses. The vascularized liver volume taken into account calculated from SPECT/CT data, instead of angiography and CT data, results in modifying the activity injected for three treatments of eight. Moreover, quantitative analysis of SPECT/CT allows us to calculate the absorbed dose in the tumor and in the healthy liver, leading to doubling of the injected activity for one treatment of eight. MAA SPECT/CT is accurate for volume measurements. It provides a valuable contribution to the therapeutic planning of patients presenting with complex hepatic vascularization, in particular for calculating the vascularized liver volume, the activity to be injected and the absorbed doses. Studies should be conducted to assess the role of quantitative MAA/SPECT CT in therapeutic planning.

Yttrium aluminum garnet coating on glass substrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira, Camila M.A.; Freiria, Gabriela S.; Faria, Emerson H. de; Rocha, Lucas A.; Ciuffi, Katia J.; Nassar, Eduardo J., E-mail: eduardo.nassar@unifran.edu.br

2016-02-15

Thin luminescent films have seen great technological advances and are applicable in the production of a variety of materials such as sensors, solar cells, photovoltaic devices, optical magnetic readers, waveguides, lasers, and recorders. Systems that contain yttrium aluminum oxide are important hosts for lanthanide ions and serve as light emission devices. This work deals with the deposition of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) film doped with Eu{sup 3+} onto a glass substrate obtained by the sol–gel methodology. Spray pyrolysis furnished the yttrium aluminum oxide powder. Dip-coating at a withdrawal speed of 10 mm min{sup −1} and evaporation led to deposition of different numbers of layers of the YAG:Eu{sup 3+} film onto the glass substrate from a YAG:Eu{sup 3+} powder suspension containing ethanol, water, and tetraethylorthosilicate. Photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transparency measurements aided film characterization. The emission spectra revealed that the number of layers influenced film properties. - Highlights: • The spray pyrolysis was used to obtain luminescent YAG:Eu{sup 3+}. • The matrix was deposited as transparent films. • The YAG:Eu{sup 3+} was deposited by sol–gel process onto glass substrate.

Yttrium addition for high temperatures stainless steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furtado, Nelson Cesar Chaves Pinto

1997-07-01

The current work studied the effect of Yttrium on the microstructure of 2% Nb, modified - HP steel, with respect to its mechanical properties. Alloys were prepared with nominal Yttrium additions of 0,1% and 0,25%. Microstructural analyses and mechanical tests were undertaken in the as-cast condition and after ageing for 100 h at 700 deg C, 900 deg C and 1100 deg C. Structural characterization was performed by optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM/EDS), X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Tensile testing was performed at room temperature and 871 deg C and creep testing at 925 deg C at a loading of 55 MPa. The material produced exhibited superior mechanical properties and surface oxidation resistance than traditional alloys of this class, even through gravity cast in a magnetic furnace. Agglomerates of Yttrium-rich phases were identifies in both as-cast and aged specimens, always associated with chromium carbides of characteristic morphologies. These morphologies, combined with the microstructural constituents, may have established the factors which resulted in the improved metallurgical stability of these alloys under the experimental testing conditions and temperatures which simulated real industrial service conditions and temperatures. (author)

Yttrium aluminum garnet coating on glass substrate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferreira, Camila M.A.; Freiria, Gabriela S.; Faria, Emerson H. de; Rocha, Lucas A.; Ciuffi, Katia J.; Nassar, Eduardo J.

2016-01-01

Thin luminescent films have seen great technological advances and are applicable in the production of a variety of materials such as sensors, solar cells, photovoltaic devices, optical magnetic readers, waveguides, lasers, and recorders. Systems that contain yttrium aluminum oxide are important hosts for lanthanide ions and serve as light emission devices. This work deals with the deposition of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) film doped with Eu 3+ onto a glass substrate obtained by the sol–gel methodology. Spray pyrolysis furnished the yttrium aluminum oxide powder. Dip-coating at a withdrawal speed of 10 mm min −1 and evaporation led to deposition of different numbers of layers of the YAG:Eu 3+ film onto the glass substrate from a YAG:Eu 3+ powder suspension containing ethanol, water, and tetraethylorthosilicate. Photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transparency measurements aided film characterization. The emission spectra revealed that the number of layers influenced film properties. - Highlights: • The spray pyrolysis was used to obtain luminescent YAG:Eu 3+ . • The matrix was deposited as transparent films. • The YAG:Eu 3+ was deposited by sol–gel process onto glass substrate.

Oligosilylarylnitrile: The Thermoresistant Thermosetting Resin with High Comprehensive Properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Mingcun; Ning, Yi

2018-04-11

One of the highest thermoresistant thermosetting resins ever studied so far, oligosilylarylnitrile resin, was investigated first in this study. Oligosilylarylnitrile was synthesized by lithium-reduced Wurtz-Fittig condensation reaction, and the prepared viscous resin exhibited moderate rheological behaviors while heated purely or together with 20% polysilazane as a cross-linking agent. The thermal curing temperatures were found by differential scanning calorimetry at 268 °C (pure) and 158 °C (with the polysilazane cross-linking agent), which is comparably close to that of polysilylarylacetylene resin (normally at 220-250 °C) but much lower than those of polyimide and phthalonitrile resins (normally >300 °C), indicating the admirable material processability of oligosilylnitrile. The cured oligosilylarylnitrile resins have extremely high thermal resistance, indicated by the results of thermogravimetric analysis (the mass residue at 800 °C is >90% under N 2 ) and dynamic mechanical analysis (the glass-transition temperature is >420 °C). The mechanical property of the oligosilylarylnitrile-matrixed silica-cloth reinforced laminate is comparably close to those of polyimide and phthalonitrile but much higher than that of polysilylarylacetylene, indicating the enviable thermal and mechanical properties of oligosilylnitrile. Thus, among the high-temperature resins ever studied so far, the oligosilylarylnitrile resin was found to have the almost best comprehensive characteristics of processability and properties.

Radio-chemical dosage of 90Sr in large volumes of drinking water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeanmaire, L.; Patti, F.; Bullier, D.

1965-01-01

I. Principle of the method: 1. Fixing on a resin of all the cations present in the water. 2. Elution using 5 N nitric acid and precipitation of strontium as the carbonate. 3. Concentration of the strontium using the fuming nitric acid method. 4. Purification of the strontium on a resin by selective elution with ammonium citrate. 5. The strontium-90 is measured by separation at the 90 Y equilibrium in the form of the oxalate which is then counted. II. Advantages of the method The concentration of the radio-activity starting from large volumes (100 l) is generally tedious but this method which makes use of a fixation on a cationic resin makes it very simple. The rest of the method consists of a series of simple chemical operations using ion-exchange on resins and coprecipitation. Finally, it is possible to dose stable strontium. (authors) [fr

Beta radiation exposure of staff during and after therapies with 90Y-labelled substances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rimpler, A.; Barth, I.; Baum, R. B.; Senftleben, S.; Geworski, L.

2008-01-01

Radio-immuno-therapies (RITs) and peptide receptor radio-therapies (PRRTs) with 90 Y-labelled compounds offer promising prospects for tumor treatment in nuclear medicine. However, when preparing and performing these therapies, which require manipulations of high activities of 90 Y (>1 GBq), technicians and physicians may receive high exposures, mainly to the skin of the hands. Even non-occupationally exposed persons, such as caregivers and family members, receive external exposures in the initial period after therapy, arising from the 90 Y in the patient. The local skin doses of the individual staff members, measured during RITs and PRRTs with thermoluminescence detectors fixed with tapes to the fingers, vary considerably. The exposure of staff can exceed the annual permissible dose limit of 500 mSv if radiation protection standards are low. Thus, adequate safety measures are needed. Measurements of the dose rate around patients, made using survey meters with sufficient response to beta particles, indicate that the exposure of caregivers and family members is considerably higher than previously assumed, and was dominated by primary beta radiation instead of Bremsstrahlung. Nevertheless, under normal circumstances, the annual dose limits for the public (effective dose: 1 mSv, skin dose: 50 mSv) will be complied with. (authors)

Leaching studies on ion exchange resins immobilized in bitumen matrix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grosche Filho, C.E.; Chandra, U.; Villalobos, J.P.

1986-01-01

Many samples of bitumen mixed with ion exchange resin labelled with 134 Cs were prepared to study radionuclide leaching from bitumen waste forms. The resins used in tests were nuclear grade mixed cationic/aniocic bead resins. Different bitumen types were assayed: two distilled and two oxidized bitumens. Leached fractions were collected accordingly to the recommendation of ISO method, with complete exchange of leachant after each sampling. The volume collected for analysis was one liter. Marinelli beckers were used to improve counting efficiency in a Ge(Li) detector. The diffusion coefficients for samples prepared with distilled and oxidized bitumens were obtained. Mathematical models of transport phenomena applied to cylindrical geometry was employed to fit experimental data aiming to explain leaching mechanism and predict the long time behavior of immobilized radionuclides. (M.C.K.) [pt

Dissolution of ion exchange resin by hydrogen peroxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, S.C.

1981-08-01

The resin dissolution process was conducted successfully in full-scale equipment at the SRL Semiworks. A solution containing 0.001M Fe 2+ , or Fe 3+ , and 3 vol % H 2 O 2 in 0.1M HNO 3 is sufficient to dissolve up to 40 vol % resin slurry (Dowex 50W-X8). Foaming and pressurization can be eliminated by maintaining the dissolution temperature below 99 0 C. The recommended dissolution temperature range is 85 to 90 0 C. Premixing hydrogen peroxide with all reactants will not create a safety hazard, but operating with a continual feed of hydrogen peroxide is recommended to control the dissolution rate. An air sparging rate of 1.0 to 1.5 scfm will provide sufficient mixing. Spent resin from chemical separation contains DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) residue, and the resin must be washed with 0.1M NH 4 OH to remove excess DTPA before dissolution. Gamma irradiation of resin up to 4 kW-hr/L did not change the dissolution rate significantly

Synthesis of yttrium silicate luminescent materials by sol-gel method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arkhipov, D.V.; Vasina, O.Yu.; Popovich, N.V.; Galaktionov, S.S.; Soshchin, N.P.

1996-01-01

Several yttrium-silicate composition with Y 2 O 3 content within 44-56% have been synthesized. it is ascertained that employment of sol-gel technique permits preparation of luminescent materials on yttrium silicate basis, which compare favourably with bath-produced specimens. The influence of phase composition of sol-gel phosphors on basic performance indices: intensity and luminescence spectrum, has been analyzed

The prognostic value of functional and anatomical parameters for the selection of patients receiving yttrium-90 microspheres for the treatment of liver cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Mesoloras, Geraldine

Yttrium-90 (90Y) microsphere therapy is being utilized as a treatment option for patients with primary and metastatic liver cancer due to its ability to target tumors within the liver. The success of this treatment is dependent on many factors, including the extent and type of disease and the nature of prior treatments received. Metabolic activity, as determined by PET imaging, may correlate with the number of viable cancer cells and reflect changes in viable cancer cell volume. However, contouring of PET images by hand is labor intensive and introduces an element of irreproducibility into the determination of functional target/tumor volume (FTV). A computer-assisted method to aid in the automatic contouring of FTV has the potential to substantially improve treatment individualization and outcome assessment. Commercial software to determine FTV in FDG-avid primary and metastatic liver tumors has been evaluated and optimized. Volumes determined using the automated technique were compared to those from manually drawn contours identified using the same cutoff in the standard uptake value (SUV). The reproducibility of FTV is improved through the introduction of an optimal threshold value determined from phantom experiments. Application of the optimal threshold value from the phantom experiments to patient scans was in good agreement with hand-drawn determinations of the FTV. It is concluded that computer-assisted contouring of the FTV for primary and metastatic liver tumors improves reproducibility and increases accuracy, especially when combined with the selection of an optimal SUV threshold determined from phantom experiments. A method to link the pre-treatment assessment of functional (PET based) and anatomical (CT based) parameters to post-treatment survival and time to progression was evaluated in 22 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases treated using 90Y microspheres and chemotherapy. The values for pre-treatment parameters that were the best

Study of behaviour of lanthanum- and yttrium electrodes in chloride melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shkol'nikov, S.I.; Tolypin, E.S.; Yur'ev, B.P.

1984-01-01

A study was made on the lanthanum- and yttrium behaviour in a mixture of molten potassium- and sodium chlorides at various temperatures. It is shown that the lanthanum- and yttrium behaviour in KCl-NaCl melt is similar to the behaviour of other metals. Their corrosion rate is much higher as compared to other metals and it grows rapidly with increasing melt temperature. The temperature growth by 200 deg C results in an increase in the corrosion rate almost by an order. The potentials of lanthanum- and yttrium electrodes at the instant they are immersed in the melt have more negative values than the potentials of alkali metals under similar conditions

Marginal integrity of low-shrinkage and methacrylate-based composite resins: Effect of three different hemostatic agents

Science.gov (United States)

Khoroushi, Maryam; Sahraneshin-Samani, Mahsa

2016-01-01

Background Moisture control is very important in restorative procedures in dentistry. Use of hemostatic agents helps control moisture; however, they might result in changes on enamel and dentin surfaces, affecting composite resin bond quality. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal microleakage of two different composite resins with the use of three different hemostatic agents. Material and Methods Standardized Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 48 premolars with cervical margins 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The samples were randomly divided into 8 groups. In groups 1 to 4, an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond) was applied as the bonding system, followed by exposure to different hemostatic agent: group 1: no hemostatic agent (control); group 2: ViscoStat; group 3: ViscoStat Clear; and group 4: trichloracetic acid, as hemostatic agents. The cavities were restored with Z-250 composite resin. In group 5 to 8 Silorane System Adhesive (Filtek P90 Adhesive) was applied as a bonding agent, followed by exposure to different hemostatic agents in a manner similar to that in groups 1to 4. The cavities were restored with Filtek P90, a low-shrinkage composite resin. The samples in each group were evaluated for dye penetration under a stereomicroscope at ×36 after 24 hours and a 500-round thermocycling procedure at enamel and dentin margins. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Results Z-250 composite resin exhibited significantly higher dentin microleakage scores compared to Filtek P90 (P = 0.004). Trichloracetic acid increased dentin microleakage with Filtek P90 (P=0.033). Conclusions Under the limitations of this in vitro study, application of hemostatic agents did not affect microleakage of the two tested composite resins except for trichloracetic acid that increased marginal microleakage when used with Filtek P90. Key words

Hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanism of hexagonal yttrium hydroxide fluoride nanobundles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tian, Li; Sun, QiLiang; Zhao, RuiNi; He, HuiLin; Xue, JianRong; Lin, Jun

2013-01-01

Graphical abstract: The formation of yttrium hydroxide fluorides nanobundles can be expressed as a precipitation transformation from cubic NaYF 4 to hexagonal NaYF 4 and to hexagonal Y(OH) 2.02 F 0.98 owing to ion exchange. - Highlights: • Novel Y(OH) 2.02 F 0.98 nanobundles have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. • The branched nanobundles composed of numerous oriented-attached nanoparticles has been studied. • The growth mechanism is proposed to be ion exchange and precipitation transformation. - Abstract: This article presents the fabrication of hexagonal yttrium hydroxide fluoride nanobundles via one-pot hydrothermal process, using yttrium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and ammonia fluoride as raw materials to react in propanetriol solvent. The X-ray diffraction pattern clearly reveals that the grown product is pure yttrium hydroxide fluoride, namely Y(OH) 2.02 F 0.98 . The morphology and microstructure of the synthesized product is testified to be nanobundles composed of numerous oriented-attached nanoparticles as observed from the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The chemical composition was analyzed by the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), confirming the phase transformation of the products which was clearly consistent with the result of XRD analysis. It is proposed that the growth of yttrium hydroxide fluoride nanobundles be attributed to ion exchange and precipitation transformation

Optimized anion exchange column isolation of zirconium-89 (89Zr) from yttrium cyclotron target: Method development and implementation on an automated fluidic platform.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Hara, Matthew J; Murray, Nathaniel J; Carter, Jennifer C; Morrison, Samuel S

2018-04-13

Zirconium-89 ( 89 Zr), produced by the (p, n) reaction from naturally monoisotopic yttrium ( nat Y), is a promising positron emitting isotope for immunoPET imaging. Its long half-life of 78.4 h is sufficient for evaluating slow physiological processes. A prototype automated fluidic system, coupled to on-line and in-line detectors, has been constructed to facilitate development of new 89 Zr purification methodologies. The highly reproducible reagent delivery platform and near-real time monitoring of column effluents allows for efficient method optimization. The separation of Zr from dissolved Y metal targets was evaluated using several anion exchange resins. Each resin was evaluated against its ability to quantitatively capture Zr from a load solution high in dissolved Y. The most appropriate anion exchange resin for this application was identified, and the separation method was optimized. The method is capable of a high Y decontamination factor (>10 5 ) and has been shown to remove Fe, an abundant contaminant in Y foils, from the 89 Zr elution fraction. Finally, the method was evaluated using cyclotron bombarded Y foil targets; the method was shown to achieve >95% recovery of the 89 Zr present in the foils. The anion exchange column method described here is intended to be the first 89 Zr isolation stage in a dual-column purification process. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lanthanoid and yttrium tellurates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonalez, C G; Guedes de Carvalho, R A [Faculdade de Engenharia, Porto (Portugal). Centro de Engenharia Quimica

1978-05-01

Preparation in aqueous medium of all the lanthanoid (except Ce and Pm) and yttrium tellurates is described. Chemical analyses, solubilities at 25/sup 0/C in water and thermograms of all the products prepared were determined. X-ray diffractograms and DTA and DTG curves of La, Gd and Yb tellurates were obtained and commented. Partial volatilization of lanthanoid is observed in the thermal analysis of tellurates.

New hydrotalcite-like compounds containing yttrium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandez, J.M.; Barriga, C.; Ulibarri, M.A. [Universidad de Cordoba (Spain)] [and others

1997-01-01

The synthesis of hydrotalcite-type compounds containing yttrium was carried out by the coprecipitation of Mg(II), Al(III), and Y(III) cations at 60 degrees C with strong alkaline solutions. Thermal treatments were applied and changes studied.

Simplified method for the determination of strontium-90 in large amounts of bone-ash; Methode simplifiee de dosage du strontium 90 sur des quantites importantes de cendres d'os

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Patti, F; Jeanmaire, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-06-01

The principle of the determination is based on a 3-step process: 1) concentrating the strontium by attacking the ash with nitric acid; 2) elimination of residual phosphoric ions by a double precipitation of strontium oxalate; and 3) extraction of yttrium 90, counted in the oxalate form. The advantages of the method: -) using simple techniques it makes it possible to process 50 g of ash; -) the initial concentration of strontium considerably reduces the volume of the solutions as well as the size of precipitates handled. Fuming nitric acid is used in a specially designed burette. (authors) [French] Le principe du dosage repos sur un procede en 3 etapes: 1) Concentration du strontium par une attaque nitrique des cendres; 2) Elimination des ions phosphoriques restants par une double precipitation de l'oxalate de strontium. 3) Extraction de l'yttrium 90, compte sous forme d'oxalate. Interet de la methode: dans des conditions techniques simples, elle permet le traitement de 50 g de cendres d'os; la concentration initiale du strontium reduit notablement le volume des solutions ainsi que l'importance des precipites manipules. L'acide nitrique fumant est utilise par l'intermediaire d'une burette specialement concue a cet effet.

Magnetic structure of holmium-yttrium superlattices

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jehan, D.A.; McMorrow, D.F.; Cowley, R.A.

1993-01-01

We present the results of a study of the chemical and magnetic structures of a series of holmium-yttrium superlattices and a 5000 angstrom film of holmium, all grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. By combining the results of high-resolution x-ray diffraction with detailed modeling, we show...... that the superlattices have high crystallographic integrity: the structural coherence length parallel to the growth direction is typically almost-equal-to 2000 angstrom, while the interfaces between the two elements are well defined and extend over approximately four lattice planes. The magnetic structures were...... determined using neutron-scattering techniques. The moments on the Ho3+ ions in the superlattices form a basal-plane helix. From an analysis of the superlattice structure factors of the primary magnetic satellites, we are able to determine separately the contributions made by the holmium and yttrium...

Development of heat resistant ion exchange resin. First Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Onozuka, Teruo; Shindo, Manabu

1995-01-01

In nuclear power stations, as a means of maintaining the soundness of nuclear reactors, the cleaning of reactor cooling water has been carried out. But as for the ion exchange resin which is used as the cleaning agent in the filtrating and desalting facility in reactor water cleaning system, since the heat resistance is low, high temperature reactor water is cooled once and cleaned, therefore large heat loss occurs. If the cleaning can be done at higher temperature, the reduction of heat loss and compact cleaning facilities become possible. In this study, a new ion exchange resin having superior heat resistance has been developed, and the results of the test of evaluating the performance of the developed ion exchange resin are reported. The heat loss in reactor water cleaning system, the heat deterioration of conventional ion exchange resin, and the development of the anion exchange resin of alkyl spacer type are described. The outline of the performance evaluation test, the experimental method, and the results of the heat resistance, ion exchange characteristics and so on of C4 resin are reported. The with standable temperature of the developed anion exchange resin was estimated as 80 - 90degC. The ion exchange performance at 95degC of this resin did not change from that at low temperature in chloride ions and silica, and was equivalent to that of existing anion exchange resin. (K.I.)

Development of heat resistant ion exchange resin. First Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Onozuka, Teruo; Shindo, Manabu [Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc., Sendai (Japan)

1995-01-01

In nuclear power stations, as a means of maintaining the soundness of nuclear reactors, the cleaning of reactor cooling water has been carried out. But as for the ion exchange resin which is used as the cleaning agent in the filtrating and desalting facility in reactor water cleaning system, since the heat resistance is low, high temperature reactor water is cooled once and cleaned, therefore large heat loss occurs. If the cleaning can be done at higher temperature, the reduction of heat loss and compact cleaning facilities become possible. In this study, a new ion exchange resin having superior heat resistance has been developed, and the results of the test of evaluating the performance of the developed ion exchange resin are reported. The heat loss in reactor water cleaning system, the heat deterioration of conventional ion exchange resin, and the development of the anion exchange resin of alkyl spacer type are described. The outline of the performance evaluation test, the experimental method, and the results of the heat resistance, ion exchange characteristics and so on of C4 resin are reported. The with standable temperature of the developed anion exchange resin was estimated as 80 - 90degC. The ion exchange performance at 95degC of this resin did not change from that at low temperature in chloride ions and silica, and was equivalent to that of existing anion exchange resin. (K.I.).

Surface flashover performance of epoxy resin microcomposites improved by electron beam irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Yin; Min, Daomin [State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Li, Shengtao, E-mail: stli@mail.xjtu.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Li, Zhen; Xie, Dongri [State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Wang, Xuan [Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040 (China); Lin, Shengjun [State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Pinggao Group Company Ltd., State Grid High Voltage Switchgear Insulation Materials Laboratory, Pingdingshan 467001 (China)

2017-06-01

Highlights: • Epoxy resin microcomposites were irradiated by electron beam with energies of 10 and 20 keV. • Surface flashover voltage increase with the increase of electron beam energy. • Both the untreated and irradiated samples have two trap centers, which are labeled as shallow and deep traps. • Deposition energy in epoxy resin microcomposites increases with electron beam energy, and surface trap properties are determined by deposition energy. • The influence of surface conductivity and trap distribution on flashover voltage is discussed. - Abstract: The influencing mechanism of electron beam irradiation on surface flashover of epoxy resin/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} microcomposite was investigated. Epoxy resin/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} microcomposite samples with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 1 mm were prepared. The samples were irradiated by electron beam with energies of 10 and 20 keV and a beam current of 5 μA for 5 min. Surface potential decay, surface conduction, and surface flashover properties of untreated and irradiated samples were measured. Both the decay rate of surface potential and surface conductivity decrease with an increase in the energy of electron beam. Meanwhile, surface flashover voltage increase. It was found that both the untreated and irradiated samples have two trap centers, which are labeled as shallow and deep traps. The increase in the energy and density of deep surface traps enhance the ability to capture primary emitted electrons. In addition, the decrease in surface conductivity blocks electron emission at the cathode triple junction. Therefore, electron avalanche at the interface between gas and an insulating material would be suppressed, eventually improving surface flashover voltage of epoxy resin microcomposites.

Separation of Yttrium from Rare Earth Concentrates in Fractional Hydroxide Precipitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tri Handini; Purwoto; Mulyono

2007-01-01

Yttrium has been separated from rare earth concentrates by precipitation in fractional hydroxide using urea. The purpose of this research is to increase the yttrium rate resulting from the sedimentary process through separation of yttrium from other rare earth in fractional hydroxide precipitation using urea. In this research, we study the process variable of the concentration of urea, the ratio of feed volume to condensation volume of urea, as well as the temperature. Determination analysis of the rare earth rate is conducted using an X-ray spectrometer. The best result Y=92.89 % is obtained at a concentration of urea of 50 %, a level of precipitation of 3 times, and a temperature of 80°C. (author)

Recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powder of cathode ray tube, CRT: Zn removal by sulphide precipitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Innocenzi, Valentina; De Michelis, Ida; Ferella, Francesco; Beolchini, Francesca; Kopacek, Bernd; Vegliò, Francesco

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Treatment of fluorescent powder of CRT waste. • Factorial experimental designs to study acid leaching of fluorescent powder and the purification of leach liquors. • Recover of yttrium by precipitation using oxalic acid. • Suitable flowsheet to recover yttrium from fluorescent powder. - Abstract: This work is focused on the recovery of yttrium and zinc from fluorescent powder of cathode ray tube (CRT). Metals are extracted by sulphuric acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Leaching tests are carried out according to a 2 2 full factorial plan and the highest extraction yields for yttrium and zinc equal to 100% are observed under the following conditions: 3 M of sulphuric acid, 10% v/v of H 2 O 2 concentrated solution at 30% v/v, 10% w/w pulp density, 70 °C and 3 h of reaction. Two series of precipitation tests for zinc are carried out: a 2 2 full factorial design and a completely randomized factorial design. In these series the factors investigated are pH of solution during the precipitation and the amount of sodium sulphide added to precipitate zinc sulphide. The data of these tests are used to describe two empirical mathematical models for zinc and yttrium precipitation yields by regression analysis. The highest precipitation yields for zinc are obtained under the following conditions: pH equal to 2–2.5% and 10–12% v/v of Na 2 S concentrated solution at 10% w/v. In these conditions the coprecipitation of yttrium is of 15–20%. Finally further yttrium precipitation experiments by oxalic acid on the residual solutions, after removing of zinc, show that yttrium could be recovered and calcined to obtain the final product as yttrium oxide. The achieved results allow to propose a CRT recycling process based on leaching of fluorescent powder from cathode ray tube and recovery of yttrium oxide after removing of zinc by precipitation. The final recovery of yttrium is 75–80%

Recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powder of cathode ray tube, CRT: Zn removal by sulphide precipitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Innocenzi, Valentina, E-mail: valentina.innocenzi1@univaq.it [Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L’Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi n.18, Nucleo Ind.le di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila (Italy); De Michelis, Ida; Ferella, Francesco [Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L’Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi n.18, Nucleo Ind.le di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila (Italy); Beolchini, Francesca [Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona (Italy); Kopacek, Bernd [SAT, Austrian Society for Systems Engineering and Automation, Gurkasse 43/2, A-1140 Vienna (Austria); Vegliò, Francesco [Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L’Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi n.18, Nucleo Ind.le di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila (Italy)

2013-11-15

Highlights: • Treatment of fluorescent powder of CRT waste. • Factorial experimental designs to study acid leaching of fluorescent powder and the purification of leach liquors. • Recover of yttrium by precipitation using oxalic acid. • Suitable flowsheet to recover yttrium from fluorescent powder. - Abstract: This work is focused on the recovery of yttrium and zinc from fluorescent powder of cathode ray tube (CRT). Metals are extracted by sulphuric acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Leaching tests are carried out according to a 2{sup 2} full factorial plan and the highest extraction yields for yttrium and zinc equal to 100% are observed under the following conditions: 3 M of sulphuric acid, 10% v/v of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} concentrated solution at 30% v/v, 10% w/w pulp density, 70 °C and 3 h of reaction. Two series of precipitation tests for zinc are carried out: a 2{sup 2} full factorial design and a completely randomized factorial design. In these series the factors investigated are pH of solution during the precipitation and the amount of sodium sulphide added to precipitate zinc sulphide. The data of these tests are used to describe two empirical mathematical models for zinc and yttrium precipitation yields by regression analysis. The highest precipitation yields for zinc are obtained under the following conditions: pH equal to 2–2.5% and 10–12% v/v of Na{sub 2}S concentrated solution at 10% w/v. In these conditions the coprecipitation of yttrium is of 15–20%. Finally further yttrium precipitation experiments by oxalic acid on the residual solutions, after removing of zinc, show that yttrium could be recovered and calcined to obtain the final product as yttrium oxide. The achieved results allow to propose a CRT recycling process based on leaching of fluorescent powder from cathode ray tube and recovery of yttrium oxide after removing of zinc by precipitation. The final recovery of yttrium is 75–80%.

The effect of processing on autohesive strength development in thermoplastic resins and composites

Science.gov (United States)

Howes, Jeremy C.; Loos, Alfred C.; Hinkley, Jeffrey A.

1989-01-01

In the present investigation of processing effects on the autohesive bond strength of neat polysulfone resin and graphite-reinforced polysulfone-matrix composites measured resin bond strength development in precracked compact tension specimens 'healed' by heating over a contact period at a given temperature. The critical strain energy release rate of refractured composite specimens did not exhibit the strong time or temperature dependence of the neat resin tests; only 80-90 percent of the undamaged fracture energy is recoverable.

Neutron scattering study of yttrium iron garnet

Science.gov (United States)

Shamoto, Shin-ichi; Ito, Takashi U.; Onishi, Hiroaki; Yamauchi, Hiroki; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Matsuura, Masato; Akatsu, Mitsuhiro; Kodama, Katsuaki; Nakao, Akiko; Moyoshi, Taketo; Munakata, Koji; Ohhara, Takashi; Nakamura, Mitsutaka; Ohira-Kawamura, Seiko; Nemoto, Yuichi; Shibata, Kaoru

2018-02-01

The nuclear and magnetic structure and full magnon dispersions of yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 have been studied using neutron scattering. The refined nuclear structure is distorted to a trigonal space group of R 3 ¯ . The highest-energy dispersion extends up to 86 meV. The observed dispersions are reproduced by a simple model with three nearest-neighbor-exchange integrals between 16 a (octahedral) and 24 d (tetrahedral) sites, Ja a, Ja d, and Jd d, which are estimated to be 0.00 ±0.05 , -2.90 ±0.07 , and -0.35 ±0.08 meV, respectively. The lowest-energy dispersion below 14 meV exhibits a quadratic dispersion as expected from ferromagnetic magnons. The imaginary part of q -integrated dynamical spin susceptibility χ″(E ) exhibits a square-root energy dependence at low energies. The magnon density of state is estimated from χ″(E ) obtained on an absolute scale. The value is consistent with the single chirality mode for the magnon branch expected theoretically.

Quantitative 89Zr immuno-PET for in vivo scouting of 90Y-labeled monoclonal antibodies in xenograft-bearing nude mice.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verel, I.; Visser, G.W.; Boellaard, R.; Boerman, O.C.; Eerd-Vismale, J.E.M. van; Snow, G.B.; Lammertsma, A.A.; Dongen, G.A.M.S. van

2003-01-01

Immuno-PET as a scouting procedure before radioimmunotherapy (RIT) aims at the confirmation of tumor targeting and the accurate estimation of radiation dose delivery to both tumor and normal tissues. Immuno-PET with (89)Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and (90)Y-mAb RIT might form such a

Recovery of yttrium from cathode ray tubes and lamps’ fluorescent powders: experimental results and economic simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Innocenzi, V.; De Michelis, I.; Ferella, F.; Vegliò, F.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Fluorescent powder of lamps. • Fluorescent powder of cathode ray rubes. • Recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powders. • Economic simulation for the processes to recover yttrium from WEEE. - Abstract: In this paper, yttrium recovery from fluorescent powder of lamps and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) is described. The process for treating these materials includes the following: (a) acid leaching, (b) purification of the leach liquors using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, (c) precipitation of yttrium using oxalic acid, and (d) calcinations of oxalates for production of yttrium oxides. Experimental results have shown that process conditions necessary to purify the solutions and recover yttrium strongly depend on composition of the leach liquor, in other words, whether the powder comes from treatment of CRTs or lamp. In the optimal experimental conditions, the recoveries of yttrium oxide are about 95%, 55%, and 65% for CRT, lamps, and CRT/lamp mixture (called MIX) powders, respectively. The lower yields obtained during treatments of MIX and lamp powders are probably due to the co-precipitation of yttrium together with other metals contained in the lamps powder only. Yttrium loss can be reduced to minimum changing the experimental conditions with respect to the case of the CRT process. In any case, the purity of final products from CRT, lamps, and MIX is greater than 95%. Moreover, the possibility to treat simultaneously both CRT and lamp powders is very important and interesting from an industrial point of view since it could be possible to run a single plant treating fluorescent powder coming from two different electronic wastes

Pressure of saturated vapor of yttrium and zirconium acetylacetonates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trembovetskij, G.V.; Berdonosov, S.S.; Murav' eva, I.A.; Martynenko, L.I. (Moskovskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ. (USSR))

1984-08-01

The static method and the flow method using /sup 91/Y and /sup 95/Zr radioactive indicators have been applied to determine pressure of saturated vapour of yttrium and zirconium acetylacetonates. Values of thermodynamic functions ..delta..Hsub(subl)=(98+-16)kJ/mol and ..delta..Ssub(subl.)=(155+-30)J/mol x K are calculated for sublimation of yttrium acetylacetonate. For sublimation of zirconium acetylacetonates ..delta..Hsub(subl) equals (116+-38) kJ/mol and ..delta..Ssub(subl) is equal to (198+-65) J/molxK.

PRODUCTION OF HIGH DENSITY PARTICLEBOARD USING MELAMINE-UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setsuo Iwakiri

2005-12-01

Full Text Available This research was developed aiming to evaluate the effects of board density and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin onthe properties of particleboard for semi-structural applications. The boards were manufactured with nominal density of 0.65 g/cm³and 0.90 g/cm³ using urea-formaldehyde resin as control and melamine-urea-formaldehyde. The results showed a better dimensionallystability and mechanical properties of the boards manufactured with higher density and MUF resin content. The fine furnish usedfor external layer of particleboard in the industrial process, could be used for high density homogeneous board to semi-strucuturaluses, such as flooring applications.

90Y and 90Sr separation from hydrochloric acid solutions using TODGA as the extractant by solvent extraction and SLM methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dutta, S.; Raut, D.R.; Mohapatra, P.K.; Manchanda, V.K.

2010-01-01

Yttrium-90 is an important radionuclide known for its therapeutic application in nuclear medicine. It is a pure β-emitter with no associated gamma rays and decays to stable daughter 90 Zr. Suitability of this isotope is because of its short half-life (t 1/2 = 64.2 hrs) and high β emissions (E max = 2.28 MeV. An important source of 90 Y is through the decay of 90 Sr, which produces carrier free isotope. 90 Sr (t 1/2 28 yrs) attains secular equilibrium with 90 Y in a short period and can serve as a long term source for the latter isotope because of relatively long half-life of the parent isotope. Solvent extraction studies with N,N,N',N'-tetra-octyldiglycolamide (TODGA) has shown that Y(III) is well extracted in 6 M HCI while at the same time, extraction of Sr(II) is very low leading to a separation factor (D Y /D Sr = 60,000). This property of TODGA can be exploited for the separation of Y from Sr. In the present work, Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) based separation of Y and Sr has been explored using TODGA as the carrier

First experience of hepatic radioembolization using microspheres labelled with yttrium-90 (TheraSphere): practical aspects concerning its implementation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garin, Etienne; Bourguet, Patrick; Rolland, Yan; Boucher, Eveline; Ardisson, Valerie; Laffont, Sophie; Boudjema, Karim; Raoul, Jean-Luc

2010-01-01

We report a first experience involving the use of 90 Y radiolabelled microspheres (TheraSphere) for the treatment of mainly primary hepatic tumours. Treatment using TheraSphere microspheres was planned in 15 patients (13 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 2 with neuroendocrine tumour metastases). The treatment was preceded by a first angiography aimed at embolizing the vascularizing arterial branches of other structures outside the liver and evaluating the percentage of pulmonary shunt by scintiscanning after perfusion with 99m Tc-MAA. The objective of the treatment carried out during a second angiography was to deliver a dose of 120±20 Gy (mean±SD) to the target hepatic volume. Technical difficulties were encountered in embolizing gastroduodenal or gastric branches in two patients and in one patient these led to cancellation of the treatment. A total of 14 patients were treated with an average activity of 3.18 GBq. In one patient, the injection was defective (stagnation of microspheres at the outlet of the catheter). SPECT/CT acquisitions provided important information in four patients (visualization of the gallbladder in three; visualization of the stomach in one, leading to a new coiling). The average exposure of the nuclear medicine physician carrying out the injections was 64±80μSv at the fingers. A partial response was seen in six patients, stabilization in five and progression in three. One patient presented with a gastric ulcer and two showed an increase in their hepatocellular insufficiency. Although sometimes technically difficult, the use of TheraSphere microspheres is a worthwhile therapeutic approach because of the low level exposure of operators and the encouraging rate of response or stabilization. The use of SPECT/CT contributes greatly to helping therapeutic planning, especially in the learning curve or when the angiographic procedure is difficult. (orig.)

First experience of hepatic radioembolization using microspheres labelled with yttrium-90 (TheraSphere): practical aspects concerning its implementation.

Science.gov (United States)

Garin, Etienne; Rolland, Yan; Boucher, Eveline; Ardisson, Valérie; Laffont, Sophie; Boudjema, Karim; Bourguet, Patrick; Raoul, Jean-Luc

2010-03-01

We report a first experience involving the use of (90)Y radiolabelled microspheres (TheraSphere) for the treatment of mainly primary hepatic tumours. Treatment using TheraSphere microspheres was planned in 15 patients (13 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 2 with neuroendocrine tumour metastases). The treatment was preceded by a first angiography aimed at embolizing the vascularizing arterial branches of other structures outside the liver and evaluating the percentage of pulmonary shunt by scintiscanning after perfusion with (99m)Tc-MAA. The objective of the treatment carried out during a second angiography was to deliver a dose of 120+/-20 Gy (mean+/-SD) to the target hepatic volume. Technical difficulties were encountered in embolizing gastroduodenal or gastric branches in two patients and in one patient these led to cancellation of the treatment. A total of 14 patients were treated with an average activity of 3.18 GBq. In one patient, the injection was defective (stagnation of microspheres at the outlet of the catheter). SPECT/CT acquisitions provided important information in four patients (visualization of the gallbladder in three; visualization of the stomach in one, leading to a new coiling). The average exposure of the nuclear medicine physician carrying out the injections was 64+/-80 microSv at the fingers. A partial response was seen in six patients, stabilization in five and progression in three. One patient presented with a gastric ulcer and two showed an increase in their hepatocellular insufficiency. Although sometimes technically difficult, the use of TheraSphere microspheres is a worthwhile therapeutic approach because of the low level exposure of operators and the encouraging rate of response or stabilization. The use of SPECT/CT contributes greatly to helping therapeutic planning, especially in the learning curve or when the angiographic procedure is difficult.

First experience of hepatic radioembolization using microspheres labelled with yttrium-90 (TheraSphere): practical aspects concerning its implementation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garin, Etienne; Bourguet, Patrick [Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugene Marquis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rennes (France); University of Rennes 1, European University of Brittany/EA MDC, Rennes (France); Rolland, Yan [Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugene Marquis, Department of Medical Imaging, Rennes (France); Boucher, Eveline [Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugene Marquis, Department of Medical Oncology, Rennes (France); Ardisson, Valerie; Laffont, Sophie [Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugene Marquis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rennes (France); Boudjema, Karim [University of Rennes 1, European University of Brittany/EA MDC, Rennes (France); CHU Pontchaillou, Department of Digestive Surgery, Rennes (France); Raoul, Jean-Luc [University of Rennes 1, European University of Brittany/EA MDC, Rennes (France); Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugene Marquis, Department of Medical Oncology, Rennes (France)

2010-03-15

We report a first experience involving the use of {sup 90}Y radiolabelled microspheres (TheraSphere) for the treatment of mainly primary hepatic tumours. Treatment using TheraSphere microspheres was planned in 15 patients (13 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 2 with neuroendocrine tumour metastases). The treatment was preceded by a first angiography aimed at embolizing the vascularizing arterial branches of other structures outside the liver and evaluating the percentage of pulmonary shunt by scintiscanning after perfusion with {sup 99m}Tc-MAA. The objective of the treatment carried out during a second angiography was to deliver a dose of 120{+-}20 Gy (mean{+-}SD) to the target hepatic volume. Technical difficulties were encountered in embolizing gastroduodenal or gastric branches in two patients and in one patient these led to cancellation of the treatment. A total of 14 patients were treated with an average activity of 3.18 GBq. In one patient, the injection was defective (stagnation of microspheres at the outlet of the catheter). SPECT/CT acquisitions provided important information in four patients (visualization of the gallbladder in three; visualization of the stomach in one, leading to a new coiling). The average exposure of the nuclear medicine physician carrying out the injections was 64{+-}80{mu}Sv at the fingers. A partial response was seen in six patients, stabilization in five and progression in three. One patient presented with a gastric ulcer and two showed an increase in their hepatocellular insufficiency. Although sometimes technically difficult, the use of TheraSphere microspheres is a worthwhile therapeutic approach because of the low level exposure of operators and the encouraging rate of response or stabilization. The use of SPECT/CT contributes greatly to helping therapeutic planning, especially in the learning curve or when the angiographic procedure is difficult. (orig.)

Factors affecting marginal integrity of class II bulk-fill composite resin restorations

Science.gov (United States)

Savadi Oskoee, Siavash; Bahari, Mahmoud; Jafari Navimipour, Elmira; Ajami, Amir Ahmad; Ghiasvand, Negar; Savadi Oskoee, Ayda

2017-01-01

Background. Bulk-fill composite resins are a new type of resin-based composite resins, claimed to have the capacity to be placed in thick layers, up to 4 mm. This study was carried out to evaluate factors affecting gap formation in Cl II cavities restored using the bulk-fill technique. Methods. A total of 60 third molars were used in this study. Two Cl II cavities were prepared in each tooth, one on the mesial aspect 1 mm coronal to the CEJ and one on the distal aspect 1 mm apical to the CEJ. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: A: The cavities were restored using the bulk-fill technique with Filtek P90 composite resin and its adhesive system and light-cured with quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light-curing unit. B: The cavities were restored similar to that in group A but light-cured with an LED light-curing unit. C: The cavities were restored using the bulk-fill technique with X-tra Fil composite resin and Clearfil SE Bond adhesive system and light-cured with a QTH curing unit. D: The cavities were restored similar to that in group C but light-cured with an LED light-curing unit. The gaps were examined under a stereomicroscope at ×60. Data were analyzed with General Linear Model test. In cases of statistical significance (Pcomposite resin type and margin location (Pcomposite resin type were not significant; however, the cumulative effect of composite rein type*gingival margin was significant (P=0.04) Conclusion. X-tra Fil composite exhibited smaller gaps compared with Filtek P90 composite with both light-curing units. Both composite resins exhibited smaller gaps at enamel margins. PMID:28748051

The transverse strength of acrylic resin after Coleus amboinicus, Lour extract solution immersion

OpenAIRE

Rianti, Devi

2006-01-01

A laboratoric experimental study was conducted on the transverse strength of acrylic resin after Coleus amboinicus, Lour extract solution immersion. The aim of this study is to know the difference of acrylic resin transverse strengths caused by immersion time variations in a concentrate solution. The study was carried out on unpolished acrylic resin plates with 65 × 10 × 2,5 mm dimension; solution with 15% Coleus amboinicus, Lour extract, and 30, 60, 90 days immersion times to measure the tra...

Behavior study of spend ion exchange resins immobilized in pyrolyzed polymer matrix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramos, P.B; Fuentes, N.O; Luca, V.

2012-01-01

The pyrolysis of spent ion exchange resins contained in epoxy resins represents an attractive alternative to cementation as a confining method. In this sense, a significant reduction of volume can be achieved, as well as avoiding the dispersion of the exhausted ion exchange resin by the means of an epoxy resin used as a matrix, while potentially limiting the release of highly radioactive long life isotopes such us Cs-137, Sr-90 and Co-60 among others. Three types of monoliths were made: (i) epoxy resin, (ii) epoxy resin with carbon and (iii) a binder of epoxy resin and clay. In every case, the monolith contained the ion exchange resin. They were prepared by the mixing of resin pearl loaded with epoxy cations and a subsequent pyrolysis process with a temperature increase ratio of 2 o C /min reaching maximum values in the range between 200 o C - 800 o C, remaining in it for 1 hour. Monoliths obtained for each final temperature had been characterized to obtain data corresponding to the mass loss, volume reduction and lixiviation, as well as mechanical and microstructural properties (author)

Country report: Germany. Preclinical evaluation of Y-90 labelled Rituximab and ERIC-1, two antibodies for tumor therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schomäcker, Klaus; Fischer, Thomas [Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne (Germany)

2010-07-01

This project focuses on harnessing the great potential of radionuclide therapy, using various different vehicles to transport radionuclides into tumor tissues. A central aim of the project will be to manufacture specific vehicle molecules whose tumor affinity and suitability for radioactive coupling have already been proven through laboratory trials on animals and cell cultures at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne and to label it with Y- 90. The vectors to be used to transport radionuclides into tumor tissue for treatment are antibodies against lymphomas and neuroblastomas. The technology applied for coupling Y-90 to various antibodies has been developed to a high level in Cologne and is now ready to be transferred and adapted to GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) conditions. The antibody against NHL can be acquired commercially and must then be modified for binding to the therapeutically active nuclide Y-90. Similarly, the antibody against neuroblastoma must also be modified to bind to Y-90 but is produced in Cologne. To improve the therapeutic value of antibodies we tried to introduce the pretargeting method.

Country report: Germany. Preclinical evaluation of Y-90 labelled Rituximab and ERIC-1, two antibodies for tumor therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schomäcker, Klaus; Fischer, Thomas

2010-01-01

This project focuses on harnessing the great potential of radionuclide therapy, using various different vehicles to transport radionuclides into tumor tissues. A central aim of the project will be to manufacture specific vehicle molecules whose tumor affinity and suitability for radioactive coupling have already been proven through laboratory trials on animals and cell cultures at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne and to label it with Y- 90. The vectors to be used to transport radionuclides into tumor tissue for treatment are antibodies against lymphomas and neuroblastomas. The technology applied for coupling Y-90 to various antibodies has been developed to a high level in Cologne and is now ready to be transferred and adapted to GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) conditions. The antibody against NHL can be acquired commercially and must then be modified for binding to the therapeutically active nuclide Y-90. Similarly, the antibody against neuroblastoma must also be modified to bind to Y-90 but is produced in Cologne. To improve the therapeutic value of antibodies we tried to introduce the pretargeting method

Repair Strength in Simulated Restorations of Methacrylate- or Silorane-Based Composite Resins.

Science.gov (United States)

Consani, Rafael Leonardo Xediek; Marinho, Tatiane; Bacchi, Atais; Caldas, Ricardo Armini; Feitosa, Victor Pinheiro; Pfeifer, Carmem Silvia

2016-01-01

The study verified the bond strength in simulated dental restorations of silorane- or methacrylate-based composites repaired with methacrylate-based composite. Methacrylate- (P60) or silorane-based (P90) composites were used associated with adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2). Twenty-four hemi-hourglass-shaped samples were repaired with each composite (n=12). Samples were divided according to groups: G1= P60 + Adper Single Bond 2+ P60; G2= P60 + Adper Single Bond 2 + P60 + thermocycling; G3= P90 + Adper Single Bond 2 + P60; and G4= P90 + Adper Single Bond 2 + P60 + thermocycling. G1 and G3 were submitted to tensile test 24 h after repair procedure, and G2 and G4 after submitted to 5,000 thermocycles at 5 and 55 ?#61616;C for 30 s in each bath. Tensile bond strength test was accomplished in an universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data (MPa) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Sample failure pattern (adhesive, cohesive in resin or mixed) was evaluated by stereomicroscope at 30?#61655; and images were obtained in SEM. Bond strength values of methacrylate-based composite samples repaired with methacrylate-based composite (G1 and G2) were greater than for silorane-based samples (G3 and G4). Thermocycling decreased the bond strength values for both composites. All groups showed predominance of adhesive failures and no cohesive failure in composite resin was observed. In conclusion, higher bond strength values were observed in methacrylate-based resin samples and greater percentage of adhesive failures in silorane-based resin samples, both composites repaired with methacrylate-based resin.

Yttrium implantation and addition element effects on the oxidation behaviour of reference steels at 973 K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caudron, E.; Buscail, H.; Cueff, R.; Issartel, C.; El Messki, S.; Perrier, S.; Riffard, F. [Lab. Vellave d' Elaboration et d' Etude des Materiaux, Univ. Blaise Pascal Clermont-Fd 2, Le Puy en Velay (France)

2004-07-01

Yttrium implantation effects on reference steels (extra low carbon and low manganese steel) were studied by rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD). Thermogravimetry and in situ X-ray diffraction at 700 C and P{sub O2}=0.04 Pa for 24h were used to determine the yttrium implantation and addition element effects on sample oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study clearly shows that yttrium implantation and subsequent high temperature oxidation induced the formation of several yttrium mixed oxides which closely depend on the reference steel addition elements. Moreover, these yttrium mixed oxides seem to be responsible for the improved reference steel oxidation resistance at high temperatures. (orig.)

Gastrointestinal scintigraphy using sup(99m)Tc- or 111In-labelled polymer beads

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jordaan, J.H.; Dormehl, I.C.; Pilloy, W.J.

1984-01-01

In order to establish normal and pathological stomach emptying characteristics by external measurement of a radioactive meal using a gamma camera and computer system, it is necessary for the radioactively labelled substance to have the same behaviour in the stomach as the ingested food. Resins containing chelating groups which enable binding to either reduced sup(99m)TcO 4 - or 111 In +3 were tested for their suitability as tracers mixed into solid food. The preparation of such styrene-divinyl-benzene resins containing either triethylenetetramine substituents or the fully carboxymethylated derivatives is discussed, as well as the procedures of labelling with either sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate or 111 In-chloride. An evaluation of the resins for gastrointestinal scintigraphy was performed on 3 chacma baboons and a male human volunteer with encouraging results. (orig.) [de

Analyses and quantitative determination of the strontium radioisotopes 89 and 90 in milk powder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeanmaire, L.; Michon, G.

1959-01-01

The authors describe a procedure for the determination of the strontium radioisotopes 89 and 90. The concentration of strontium is made possible by the insolubility of its nitrate salt in strong nitric acid which allows the removal of greatest part of calcium. The purification is performed on a cation exchange column. The amount of radioisotope 90 is determined by means of its daughter product yttrium 90 necessary calibrations and computations are treated in special paragraphs. With regard to the reproducibility of the measurements, the fluctuations are less than 20 per cent. This seems satisfaction for such a technique which have great sensibility while being long and necessitative great carefulness. (author) [fr

Roll-to-plate fabrication of microfluidic devices with rheology-modified thiol-ene resins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Senkbeil, Silja; Aho, Johanna; Yde, Leif

2016-01-01

of 2:1 and a maximal channel depth of 90 μm as well as the sealing of the finished devices with patterning and sealing speeds of up to 19 m min-1. By adding fumed silica nanoparticles to the uncured resins, it was possible to alter the rheological behavior of the resin system to fabricate shallow...

Preparation of extractive resins for producing terbium-161

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De la Cruz B, C. C.; Monroy G, F.

2009-10-01

This paper presents the development of a methodology for extractive resins preparation to base of HDEHP, which allows to separation of Tb from Gd generating an own technology of preparation of these resins. The study included the extractive resins preparation from 6 different supports: kieselguhr Dg, alumina, red volcanic rock, chiluca, quarry and fluorite; two treatment types of of supports and varied concentrations of HDEHP extractant (di(2-etil hexyl) orthophosphoric acid), in order to determine which resin has improved efficiency of Gd and Tb separation, and radionuclide purity of 161 Tb. Resins were prepared to base of kieselguhr to determine the most appropriate silicon deposition process. Two silicon deposition treatments were realized: treatment I , by contact with silicon deposition solution (dimethyldichlorosilane / heptane 1:30) and treatment II by contact with vapors of dimethyldichlorosilane in vacuum. The extractant retention was carried out to different concentrations of HDEHP / acetone: 1:4, 1:8, 1:15, 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40. According to the results, there is not direct relation of HDEHP concentration used in extractive resins preparation to base of kieselguhr over the efficiency of Gd and Tb separation and of radionuclide purity of 161 Tb. The effect of support in the efficiency of Gd and Tb separation was studied to prepare resins with the supports kieselguhr, alumina, quarry, chiluca, volcanic rock and fluorite, using the silicon deposition treatment II for the supports and a concentration of HDEHP / acetone 1:20, for extractant retention. Only resins based on kieselguhr could separate to Gd from Tb quantitatively, the resin at a concentration of HDEHP / Acetone 1:20 was the best results obtained in Gd and Tb separation, achieving a separation efficiency greater than 90% and a radionuclide purity higher than 99%. (Author)

Immobilization of spent resin with epoxy resin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gultom, O.; Suryanto; Sayogo; Ramdan

1997-01-01

immobilization of spent resin using epoxy resin has been conducted. The spent resin was mixtured with epoxy resin in variation of concentration, i.e., 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 weight percent of spent resin. The mixture were pour into the plastic tube, with a diameter of 40 mm and height of 40 mm. The density, compressive strength and leaching rate were respectively measured by quanta chrome, paul weber apparatus and gamma spectrometer. The results showed that the increasing of waste concentration would be decreased the compressive strength, and increased density by immobilized waste. The leaching rate of 137 Cs from waste product was not detected in experiment (author)

A study of an ion-exchange process for separation of strontium and yttrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mubarek, M.A.

1980-01-01

A study has been carried out to determine optimum conditions for the separation of strontium and yttrium by ion-exchange. The parameters of interest for such separation such as the dimensions of the ion-exchange columns, flow rates through the columns and pH values of the solutions, which affect the overall yield in the process, have been investigated. Application of this method for routine quantitative determinations of Sr-90 in environmental samples, particularly the wet-ashed biological materials has also been studied. The method, although a rapid and convenient one has not been found to yield consistent results probably due to the requirement of stringent analytical controls during the process. (author)

Scandium, yttrium and the lanthanide metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, Paul L.; Ekberg, Christian

2016-01-01

The hydroxide and oxide phases that exist for scandium(III) include scandium hydroxide, which likely has both amorphous and crystalline forms, ScOOH(s), and scandium oxide. This chapter presents the data selected for the stability constants of the polymeric hydrolysis species of scandium at zero ionic strength. The behaviour of yttrium, and the lanthanide metals, in the environment is largely dependent on their solution equilibria. Hydrolysis and other complexation reactions of yttrium and the lanthanide metals are important in the disposal of nuclear waste. The trivalent lanthanide metals include lanthanum(III) through lutetium(III). A number of studies have reported a tetrad effect for the geochemical behaviour of the lanthanide series, including stability constants and distribution coefficients. The solubility of many of the lanthanide hydroxide phases has been studied at fixed ionic strength. In studying the hydrolysis of cerium(IV), a number of studies have utilised oxidation-reduction reactions in determining the relevant stability constants.

Synthesis and properties of hydroxy acrylic resin with high solid content

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Zhen; Hu, Mingguang; Cui, Han; Xiao, Jijun

2017-10-01

Manufacturers of automotive repair finishes are tending to reduce more and more the level of volatile organic compounds in their paints in order to comply with increasingly strict environmental legislation. A high solid hydroxy acrylic resin was synthesised using CARDURA E10 and a type of hydroxyacrylic acid resin, its' acid value, hydroxylvalue, viscosity, structure, morphology was measured and film-forming properties after curing were characterised. The results show that the addition of CARDURA E10 in the copolymer composition significantly reduced the viscosity of the polymer system, improved the solid content of the resin and the physical properties of the coating. The hydroxyl acrylate resin with solid content of 90% and excellent comprehensive performance were successfully prepared by controlling the initiator dosage, polymerization temperature and monomer ratio.

Hepatic arterial 90Yttrium glass microspheres (Therasphere) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: interim safety and survival data on 65 patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, Brian I

2004-02-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally arises in a cirrhotic liver and, in most cases, is multifocal and bilobar. Although trans-hepatic artery chemoembolization (TACE) can be highly affective in shrinking tumors, it is limited by virtue of the damage that it can cause to the liver that is already damaged by chronic disease. A high priority in HCC research, after primary prevention and early detection, is to find new treatment modalities that are both effective and non-toxic to the underlying cirrhotic liver. A cohort of 65 patients with biopsy-proven unresectable HCC have been treated with hepatic arterial 90Yttrium microspheres (Therasphere), and the interim results are reported here. Only 1 cycle of Therasphere treatment ever was performed on 46 patients, 17 patients had 2 cycles, and 2 patients had 3 cycles of therapy. The median dose delivered was 134 Gy, typically as either 5 or 10 GBq (2-4 million microspheres). Clinical toxicities include 9 episodes of abdominal pain and 2 episodes of acute cholecystitis, requiring cholecystectomy. A main lab toxicity was elevated bilirubin which increased by more than 200% in 25 patients (30.5%) during 6 months of therapy, although 18 of these patients had only transient elevation. A prominent finding was prolonged and profound (>70%) lymphopenia in more than 75% of the patients, but without clinical significance. Forty-two patients (64.6%) had a substantial decrease in tumor vascularity in response to therapy, and 25 patients (38.4%) had a partial response, by computed tomography scan. Median survival for Okuda stage I patients (n=42) was 649 days (historical comparison 244) and for Okuda stage II patients (n=23) was 302 days (historical comparison 64 days). All patients were followed after therapy for a minimum of 6 months. There were 42 deaths, 21 due to liver failure, 6 from HCC progression, and 3 from metastases. Therasphere appears to be a relatively safe and effective therapy for advanced-stage unresectable HCC.

Aging in CTBN modified epoxy resin stocks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Creed, K.E. Jr.

1979-01-01

The cause of degradation in the glass transition temperature (T/sub G/) of a partially crystallized polymer was investigated. Sample epoxy resin filled capacitors were cured at 90 0 C for 24 hours, then stored at room atmospheric conditions. These showed typical degradation in T/sub G/ after storage for one month. One set of epoxy resin castings was stored at room atmosphere and another set was stored in a dry box at 0% relative humidity and 27 0 C. The samples at room atmospheric conditions showed typical degradation in T/sub G/, while the T/sub G/ for those stored in the dry box increased. Further tests were then made on epoxy resin castings at various curing temperatures and times at both room atmosphere and 0% humidity. Resulting data indicated that absorption of moisture during storage was the predominant cause of T/sub G/ degradation, with stress relaxation another, though smaller, contributing factor

Determination of copper oxidizing power in superconducting yttrium ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pontaler, R.P.; Lebed', N.B.

1989-01-01

A new photometric method for determining the formal copper degree of oxidation and oxygen deficiency in superconducting high-temperature oxides containing yttrium, barium and copper is developed. The method is based on oxidation of Co(2) complex with EDTA by Cu(3) ions in acetrate buffer solution with pH 4.2-4.7 and allows one to determine 1-10% of Cu(3). Relative standard deviation when determining Cu(3) makes up 0.03-0.05. Using a qualitative reaction with the application of sodium vanadate hydrochloride solution the absence of peroxide compound in superconducting yttrium ceramics is ascertained

Synthesis of two tritium-labeled derivatives of a vasopressin antagonist peptide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Landvatter, S.W.; Heys, J.R.

1986-01-01

SK and F 101926, a potent vasopressin antagonist, has been tritium labeled in the tyrosine residue via exchange followed by solid phase coupling to a hexapeptide. The peptide thus obtained was subsequently coupled with a PMP residue, cleaved from the resin with HF, oxidized by ferricyanide and purified by HPLC giving the desired cyclic peptide. Alternatively, a labeled PMP residue can be prepared via reduction starting from phenol. Conversion of the labeled cyclohexanone to PMP followed by solid phase coupling to a heptapeptide can then afford PMP labeled peptide. 3 refs

Microhardness of light- and dual-polymerizable luting resins polymerized through 7.5-mm-thick endocrowns.

Science.gov (United States)

Gregor, Ladislav; Bouillaguet, Serge; Onisor, Ioana; Ardu, Stefano; Krejci, Ivo; Rocca, Giovanni Tommaso

2014-10-01

The complete polymerization of luting resins through thick indirect restorations is still questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of polymerization of light- and dual-polymerizable luting resins under thick indirect composite resin and ceramic endocrowns by means of Vickers microhardness measurements. The Vickers microhardness measurements of a light-polymerizable microhybrid composite resin and a dual-polymerizable luting cement directly polymerized in a natural tooth mold for 40 seconds with a high-power light-emitting diode lamp (control) were compared with measurements after indirect irradiation through 7.5-mm-thick composite resin and ceramic endocrowns for 3 × 90 seconds. A test-to-control microhardness values ratio of 0.80 at a depth of 0.5 mm below the surface was assumed as the criterion for adequate conversion. For the Vickers microhardness measurements of a dual-polymerizable luting cement, no differences (P>.05) were found between Vickers microhardness control values and values reported after polymerization through composite resin and ceramic endocrowns. For The Vickers microhardness measurements (±SD) of a light-polymerizable microhybrid composite resin, control values were significantly (P.05). Under the conditions of this in vitro study, Vickers microhardness values of the dual-polymerizable resin cement and the light-polymerizable restorative composite resin irradiated for 3 × 90 seconds with a high irradiance light-emitting diode lamp through 7.5-mm-thick endocrowns reached at least 80% of the control Vickers microhardness values, which means that both materials can be adequately polymerized when they are used for luting thick indirect restorations. Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Effective Parameters on Labeling of Hydroxyapatite Compound with 90Y and Introducing the Best Method to Produce 90Y-HAp Radiopharmaceutical for Radio synovectomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davarpanah, M. R.; Khoshhosn, H. A.; Attar Nosrati, S.; Harati, S. M.; Aghamiri, S. M.; Ghannadi Maragheh, M.

2012-01-01

Radio synovectomy is a local intra-articular injection of radionuclides in colloidal form for treatment of articular inflammatory in rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia or orthopedic troubles. β-emitting radionuclides can be used for various joints based on radiation energy. 90 Y is a pure β-emitter with a half-life of 64.1 hours that is used for treatment of the knee joint. β-radiation of this radionuclide possesses maximum energy of 2.281 MeV (99.98%), mean pathway of 3.6 mm in the soft tissue and maximum 11 mm. In this project, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is applied as a colloid maker agent that interacts with 90 Y 3+ ions via ion-dipole bonds and produces 90 Y-HAp. The colloidal pharmaceutical is produced by adding an acidic solution of 90 YCl 3 to an HAp suspension in saline. Effective parameters within which the colloid is applied, such as the volume of diluent, HAp particle size and sonication effect were evaluated and tested. First, these determinative parameters were optimized in the simulated conditions and then examined in the active phase. Finally, the best procedure was determined for the production of the radiopharmaceutical. Radionuclide purity of the radiopharmaceutical according to the primary 90 YCl 3 solution was over 99.9%. Labeling yield and radiochemical purity were obtained over 99% using TLC method in saline solvent up to three days after production of radiopharmaceutical. Radiochemical purity of 90 Y-HAp colloid was also evaluated in human serum albumin solution for three days at room temperature. The amount of released activity was between 0.3 to 2%.

Monte carlo simulations of Yttrium reaction rates in Quinta uranium target

Science.gov (United States)

Suchopár, M.; Wagner, V.; Svoboda, O.; Vrzalová, J.; Chudoba, P.; Tichý, P.; Kugler, A.; Adam, J.; Závorka, L.; Baldin, A.; Furman, W.; Kadykov, M.; Khushvaktov, J.; Solnyshkin, A.; Tsoupko-Sitnikov, V.; Tyutyunnikov, S.; Bielewicz, M.; Kilim, S.; Strugalska-Gola, E.; Szuta, M.

2017-03-01

The international collaboration Energy and Transmutation of Radioactive Waste (E&T RAW) performed intensive studies of several simple accelerator-driven system (ADS) setups consisting of lead, uranium and graphite which were irradiated by relativistic proton and deuteron beams in the past years at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The most recent setup called Quinta, consisting of natural uranium target-blanket and lead shielding, was irradiated by deuteron beams in the energy range between 1 and 8 GeV in three accelerator runs at JINR Nuclotron in 2011 and 2012 with yttrium samples among others inserted inside the setup to measure the neutron flux in various places. Suitable activation detectors serve as one of possible tools for monitoring of proton and deuteron beams and for measurements of neutron field distribution in ADS studies. Yttrium is one of such suitable materials for monitoring of high energy neutrons. Various threshold reactions can be observed in yttrium samples. The yields of isotopes produced in the samples were determined using the activation method. Monte Carlo simulations of the reaction rates leading to production of different isotopes were performed in the MCNPX transport code and compared with the experimental results obtained from the yttrium samples.

Monte carlo simulations of Yttrium reaction rates in Quinta uranium target

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suchopár M.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The international collaboration Energy and Transmutation of Radioactive Waste (E&T RAW performed intensive studies of several simple accelerator-driven system (ADS setups consisting of lead, uranium and graphite which were irradiated by relativistic proton and deuteron beams in the past years at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR in Dubna, Russia. The most recent setup called Quinta, consisting of natural uranium target-blanket and lead shielding, was irradiated by deuteron beams in the energy range between 1 and 8 GeV in three accelerator runs at JINR Nuclotron in 2011 and 2012 with yttrium samples among others inserted inside the setup to measure the neutron flux in various places. Suitable activation detectors serve as one of possible tools for monitoring of proton and deuteron beams and for measurements of neutron field distribution in ADS studies. Yttrium is one of such suitable materials for monitoring of high energy neutrons. Various threshold reactions can be observed in yttrium samples. The yields of isotopes produced in the samples were determined using the activation method. Monte Carlo simulations of the reaction rates leading to production of different isotopes were performed in the MCNPX transport code and compared with the experimental results obtained from the yttrium samples.

Enrichment of yttrium from rare earth concentrate by ammonium carbonate leaching and peroxide precipitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasconcellos, Mari E. de; Rocha, S.M.R. da; Pedreira, W.R.; Queiroz S, Carlos A. da; Abrao, Alcidio

2006-01-01

The rare earth elements (REE) solubility with ammonium carbonate vary progressively from element to element, the heavy rare earth elements (HRE) being more soluble than the light rare earth elements (LRE). Their solubility is function of the carbonate concentration and the kind of carbonate as sodium, potassium and ammonium. In this work, it is explored this ability of the carbonate for the dissolution of the REE and an easy separation of yttrium was achieved using the precipitation of the peroxide from complex yttrium carbonate. For this work is used a REE concentrate containing (%) Y 2 O 3 2.4, Dy 2 O 3 0.6, Gd 2 O 3 2.7, CeO 2 2.5, Nd 2 O 3 33.2, La 2 O 3 40.3, Sm 2 O 3 4.1 and Pr 6 O 11 7.5. The mentioned concentrate was produced industrially from the chemical treatment of monazite sand by NUCLEMON in Sao Paulo. The yttrium concentrate was treated with 200 g L -1 ammonium carbonate during 10 and 30 min at room temperature. The experiments indicated that a single leaching operation was sufficient to get a rich yttrium solution with about 60.3% Y 2 O 3 . In a second step, this yttrium solution was treated with an excess of hydrogen peroxide (130 volumes), cerium, praseodymium and neodymium peroxides being completely precipitated and separated from yttrium. Yttrium was recovered from the carbonate solution as the oxalate and finally as oxide. The final product is an 81% Y 2 O 3 . This separation envisages an industrial application. The work discussed the solubility of the REE using ammonium carbonate and the subsequent precipitation of the correspondent peroxides

Resin impregnation process for producing a resin-fiber composite

Science.gov (United States)

Palmer, Raymond J. (Inventor); Moore, William E. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

Process for vacuum impregnation of a dry fiber reinforcement with a curable resin to produce a resin-fiber composite, by drawing a vacuum to permit flow of curable liquid resin into and through a fiber reinforcement to impregnate same and curing the resin-impregnated fiber reinforcement at a sufficient temperature and pressure to effect final curing. Both vacuum and positive pressure, e.g. autoclave pressure, are applied to the dry fiber reinforcement prior to application of heat and prior to any resin flow to compact the dry fiber reinforcement, and produce a resin-fiber composite of reduced weight, thickness and resin content, and improved mechanical properties. Preferably both a vacuum and positive pressure, e.g. autoclave pressure, are also applied during final curing.

Development and application of high performance resins for crud removal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deguchi, Tatsuya; Izumi, Takeshi; Hagiwara, Masahiro

1998-01-01

The development of crud removal technology has started with the finding of the resin aging effect that an old ion exchange resin, aged by long year of use in the condensate demineralizer, had an enhanced crud removal capability. It was confirmed that some physical properties such as specific surface area and water retention capacity were increased due to degradation caused by long year of contact with active oxygens in the condensate water. So, it was speculated that those degradation in the resin matrix enhanced the adsorption of crud particulate onto the resin surface, hence the crud removal capability. Based on this, crud removal resin with greater surface area was first developed. This resin has shown an excellent crud removal efficiency in an actual power plant, and the crud iron concentration in the condensate effluent was drastically reduced by this application. However, the cross-linkage of the cation resin had to be lowered in a delicate manner for that specific purpose, and this has caused higher organic leachables from the resin, and the sulfate level in the reactor was raised accordingly. Our major goals, therefore, has been to develop a crud resin of as little organic leachables as possible with keeping the original crud removal efficiency. It was revealed through the evaluation of the first generation crud resin and its improved version installed in the actual condensate demineralizers that there was a good correlation between crud removal efficiency and organic leaching rate. The bast one among a number of developmental resins has shown the organic leaching rate of 1/10 of that of the original crud resin (ETR-C), and the crud removal efficiency of 90%. So far as we understand, the resin was considered to have the best overall balance between crud removal and leaching characteristics. The result of six month evaluation of this developmental resin, ETR-C3, in one vessel of condensate demineralizer of a power plant will be presented. (J.P.N.)

Fluorimetric determination of yttrium by methyl-bis(8-hydraxy--- 2-quinolyl)amine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Golovina, A.P.; Kachin, S.V.; Runov, V.K.; Fakeeva, O.A.

1982-01-01

Using a method of mathematical Box-Wilson experiment planning the optimum conditions of yttrium fluorimetric determination by methyl-bis (8-hydroxy-2-quinolyl) amine (pH 7.5, csub(R)=1.4x10sup(-5) M) with the determination limit=0.05 μg/ml are found. An extraction-fluorimetric method of yttrium determination by methyl-bis (8-hydroxy-2-quinolyl) amine is developed. The extraction has been realized with aliphatic alcohols at pH > 11. The method is characteristic of the lowest determination limit (0.01 μg/ml) as compared with the known ones. The possibility is shown of yttrium determination in the presence of 5000-multiple aluminium contents, stoichiometric contents of La, Lu, Fe (3), U (6), tartrates, citrates

Accumulation of Sr90-Y90 by the developing spawn and larvae of Coregonus lavaretus L

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kulikov, N.V.; Ozhegov, L.N.

1976-01-01

The results are given of laboratory experiments aimed at studying accumulation of Sr-90 and its daughter product Y-90 in the spawn and larvae of whitefish, a representative of autumn spawning fish species. The results are of interest for predicting possible consequences of radioactive contamination of water bodies and introduction of limits for permissible concentration of radioactive substances in aqueous medium. The accumulation coefficient of Sr-90 in the spawn reaches its maximum after the first twenty four hours of the experiment. Subsequently throughout the incubation period the accumulation coefficient (AC) of radionuclide does not undergo any changes being about 3. Besides it has been established that the equilibrium distribution of Sr-90 in whitefish spawn and the surrounding solution occurs during the first two hours. Unlike Sr-90 the accumulation of Y-90 occurs during the whole incubation period and results in the AC value of 80 by the end of the spawn incubation. The experiments aimed at determining the strength of radionuclide fixation by whitefish spawn and larvae revealed that both radionuclides in the spawn are rather mobile. Strontium separates fully from it during the first twenty four hours and yttrium marked by higher fixation strength transfers completely from the spawn into surrounding aqueous medium by the end of the experiment. In larvae the radionuclides are fixed stroger than in the spawn. The approximate radiation doses of embryos by the time of their hatching have been estimated. The estimates indicate that the total radiation dose of the spawn developing in aqueous solution of Sr-90 - Y-90 with 1.1 curie/0 -5 concentration is about 500 radl

Strontium-90 and cesium-137 in service water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-01-01

Prefectural public health laboratories and institutes and Japan Chemical Analysis Center have analysed the contents of strontium-90 and cesium-137 in service water under the commission of Science and Technology Agency. At each prefectural public health laboratories and institutes, 100 literes of service water (8 prefectures, water from the intake of each station of water works) and tap water (32 prefectures) were collected as sample twice a year. The samples were filtrated with large filter papers after addition and mixture of both some carries. The filtration was then applied on a column filled the sodium cation exchange resin, and all the cations were absorbed on it. These resin and filter papers were collected at Japan Chemical Analysis Center. At Japan Chemical Analysis Center, these collected samples were radiochemically analysed for strontium-90 and cesium-137 using the method applied for the analysis of rain and dry fallout materials. (author)

Impacts of yttrium substitution on FMR line-width and magnetic properties of nickel spinel ferrites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishaque, M., E-mail: ishaqdgk1@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800 (Pakistan); Khan, Muhammad Azhar, E-mail: azhar.khan@iub.edu.pk [Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 (Pakistan); Ali, Irshad; Khan, Hasan M. [Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800 (Pakistan); Iqbal, M. Asif [Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800 (Pakistan); College of E & ME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan); Islam, M.U. [Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800 (Pakistan); Warsi, Muhammad Farooq [Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 (Pakistan)

2015-05-15

The influence of yttrium (Y) substitution on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), initial permeability, and magnetic properties of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ferrites were investigated. It was observed that the FMR line-width decreases with yttrium contents for the substitution level 0≤×≤0.06. Beyond this, the FMR line-width increases with yttrium contents. The nominal composition NiY{sub 0.12}Fe{sub 1.88}O{sub 4} exhibited the smallest FMR line-width ~282 Oe. A significant change in FMR position of nickel–yttrium (Ni–Y) ferrites was observed and it found to exist between 4150 and 4600 Oe. The saturation magnetization was observed to decrease with the increase of yttrium contents and this was referred to the redistribution of cations on octahedral. The coercivity increased from 15 Oe to 59 Oe by increasing the yttrium concentration. The initial permeability decreased from 110 to 35 at 1 MHz by the incorporation of yttrium and this was attributed to the smaller grains which may obstruct the domain wall movement and impede the domain wall motion. The magnetic loss factors of substituted samples exhibit decreasing behavior in the frequency range 1 kHz to 10 MHz. The smaller FMR line-width and reduced magnetic loss factor of the investigated samples suggest the possible use of these materials in high frequency applications. - Highlights: • Influence of Y{sup 3+} substitution on the properties of nickel ferrites is investigated. • Very small FMR line-width (282 Oe) is exhibited by these substituted ferrites. • Fourfold increase in coercivity was observed for NiY{sub 0.24}Fe{sub 1.76}O{sub 4} ferrites.

Performance evaluation of anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-5050 and Duolite A-611 by application of radioisotopic techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singare, P.U.

2014-01-01

Radioanalytical techniques using 131 I and 82 Br as tracer isotopes were applied to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place between the external labeled ionic solution and the resin surface. The results indicate low values of specific reaction rate (min -1 ), amount of ion exchanged (mmol) and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) for bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction as compared to that obtained for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 C, 1 000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min -1 ), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log K d were 0.340, 0.394, 0.134 and 20.2 respectively for Purolite NRW-5050 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.216, 0.290, 0.063 and 18.2 as that obtained by using Duolite A-611. The results of present investigation indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. From the results it appears that as compared to Duolite A-611 resins, Purolite NRW-5050 resins shows superior performance under identical experimental conditions.

Results of radiosynoviorthesis with yttrium 90 in cases of chronic synovitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schuette, H.

1982-01-01

The goal of this study was to answer the following questions: Is the outcome of radiosynoviorthesis with 90 Y in patients who suffer from a chronic polyarthritis dependent on the stage according to Steinbrocker and does this dependency change when the results are measured 1/2 to 3 years later? Is there a difference between the effect of 90 Y on the joints of seropositive and seronegative patients? How are the results of radiosynoviorthesis in patients who suffer under other chronic joint diseases? What is the success distribution of re-synoviorthesis in evaluated patients? Is there a difference in the effectiveness of radiosynoviorthesis between joints in stage I and stage II and is the outcome dependent on whether or not degenerative changes are already present? Is the effect of radiosynoviorthesis, measured after one year, dependent on the duration of the disease in the treated joint or on the process activity of the disease? Is there a connection between the outcome of radiosynoviorthesis and the laboratory parameters of blood sedimentation and hemoglobin content? Does radiosynoviorthesis influence the number of medically induced, intra-articular injections and punctures in the treated joint? Is there a connection between radiosynoviorthesis outcomes and common therapy outcomes? What side effects of radiosynoviorthesis therapy were observed? (orig./MG) [de

The strontium-90 equilibrium parameters in Saclay soil; Les parametres d'equilibre du strontium 90 dans le sol de Saclay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cohen, P; Gailledreau, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

The equilibrium parameters of {sup 90}Sr in the presence of the following elements: Ca, Na, K, NH{sub 4} are measured in the soil at Saclay for each of the pairs Sr-Ca, Sr-Na, Sr-K, Sr-NH{sub 4}. The adsorption mechanism for Sr is studied in comparison with a synthetic resin which is a pure ion-exchanger. A preliminary study of a three component system; one being a tracer, is outlined. (author) [French] Les parametres d'equilibre du {sup 90}Sr en presence des elements suivants: Ca, Na, K, NH{sub 4} sont mesures sur le sol de Saclay pour chacun des couples Sr-Ca, Sr-Na, Sr-K, Sr-NH{sub 4}. Le mecanisme d'adsorption du Sr est etudie par comparaison avec une resine synthetique qui est un echangeur d'ions pur. Une etude preliminaire d'un systeme a trois composants, dont l'un est un traceur, est exposee. (auteur)

Design of Ion-Exchange Resins Through EDTA and DTPA Modified Ligands

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2014-07-01

Catechol, resorcinol, and their admixtures with EDTA and DTPA moieties were converted into polymeric resins by alkaline polycondensation with formaldehyde. The resins were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ion-exchange capacity, and distribution coefficient (D for heavy metal and radionuclide such as Cs and Sr. 137Cs and 90Sr constitutes a major source of heat in nuclear waste streams and in regards to recent nuclear event their remediation in complex solution – sea water - represent an important issue.

Condensate-polisher resin-leakage quantification and resin-transport studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stauffer, C.C.; Doss, P.L.

1983-04-01

The objectives of this program were to: (1) determine the extent of resin leakage from current generation condensate polisher systems, both deep bed and powdered resin design, during cut-in, steady-state and flow transient operation, (2) analyze moisture separator drains and other secondary system samples for resin fragments and (3) document the level of organics in the secondary system. Resin leakage samples were obtained from nine-power stations that have either recirculating steam generators or once through steam generators. Secondary system samples were obtained from steam generator feedwater, recirculating steam generator blowdown and moisture separator drains. Analysis included ultraviolet light examination, SEM/EDX, resin quantification and infrared analysis. Data obtained from the various plants were compared and factors affecting resin leakage were summarized

Cathodoluminescence properties of yttrium aluminum garnet doped with Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trofimov, A. N.; Petrova, M. A.; Zamoryanskaya, M. V.

2007-01-01

Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) doped with Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ ions is very interesting as a phosphor for conversion of light-emitting diode light for white light sources. The europium ion occupies the structural position of yttrium in yttrium aluminium garnet and has valence state Eu 3+ . Our sample was doped with Zr 4+ , which is why some of the europium ions had valence state Eu 2+ . As a rule, luminescence of Eu 3+ ions is observed in the orange and red range of spectrum. The luminescence of Eu 2+ in yttrium aluminum garnet is characterized by an intensive broad band with maximum of intensity at about 560 nm (green color). In this work, we studied the intensity and decay time dependences on europium concentration, and the influence of excitation power density on the cathodoluminescence of the sample. The most interesting result is the change of visible cathodoluminescence color in dependence on the density of the exciting power

Leaching studies on ion exchange resins immobilized in bitument matrix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grosche Filho, C.E.; Chandra, U.; Villalobos, J.P.

1987-01-01

To study radionuclide leaching from bitumen waste forms, many samples of bitumen mixed with ion-exchange resin labelled with 134 Cs were prepared. The resins used in the tests were nuclear grade mixed cationic/anionic bead resins. Different bittumen types were assayed: two destilled and to oxidized bitumens. Laboratory to scale samples, with surface/volume ratio (S/V) = 1, were molded to 5 cm diameter and 10 cm height. The composition of the mixtures were: 30, 40, 50 and 60% by weight of dried resin with bitumen. The leachant was deionized water with a leachant volume to sample surface rario of about 8 cm. Leached fractions were collected according to the recommendation of ISO method, with complete exchange of leachant beckers after each sampling. The volume collected for analysis was one liter. Marinelli were used for counting in a Ge(Li) detector. Up to now, results of 250 days have been accumulated. Samples prepared with distilled bitumen have shown a diffusion coefficient of the order of 10 -14 cm 2 /sec and those prepared with oxidized bitumen yielded a diffusion coefficient of the order of 10 -12 cm 2 /sec. Mathematical models of transport phenomena applied to cylindrical geometry were employed to fit experimental data. (Author) [pt

Method for production of transparent yttrium oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dutta, S.K.; Gazza, G.A.

1975-01-01

The method comprises vacuum hot pressing the yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) powder in a graphite die at temperatures of between 1300 to 1500 0 C and uniaxial pressures of between 5000 to 7000 psi, for a period of 1 to 2 hours. (U.S.)

Study of decomposition kinetics of volatile β-diketonates of yttrium, barium and copper in flow reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Devyatykh, G.G.; Gavrishchuk, E.M.; Gibin, A.M.; Dadanov, A.Yu.; Dzyubenko, N.G.; Kaul', A.R.; Nichiporuk, R.V.; Snezhko, N.T.; Ul'yanov, A.A.

1990-01-01

Heterogeneous oxidative decomposition of adduct of yttrium acetylacetonate with o-phenanthroline, copper acetylacetonate and barium dipivaloylmethanate in a flow-type reactor was carried out. The basic kinetic characteristics of chemical precipitation processes of films of yttrium, copper and barium oxides, which are components of high-temperature superconductors, were obtained. The values of activation energy of precipitation process of yttrium, copper and barium oxides constituted 76±10, 108±15, 81±12 (t 600 deg C) respectively

Use of Magic polymer gels for dosimetry of unsealed source of yttrium 90

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meynard, K.; Bordage, M.C.; Cassol, E.; Courbon, F.; Ravel, P.

2007-01-01

Polymer gels are relative chemical dosimeters. They allow to access to three-dimensional dose distribution. The aim of this study has been to investigate the preparation and the use of a polymer gel with a tissue equivalent density known as MAGIC gel from magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography for non-sealed source dosimetry. This kind of gel is 'normoxic' because it can be manufactured and used in normal room atmosphere. In the first part of this study, its accuracy and sensibility were studied using external beam irradiation by photons. Spin-spin relaxation rate (R 2 ) and Computed Tomography (CT) number had been used to record gel responses. Using the same manufacture process. radiolabelled gels composed of 95% MAGIC gel and 5% of 90 Y termed 90 Y-MAGIC 95 with varying activity ranged from 0 to 30 MBq were made. In case of photon external beam irradiation, a linear response is observed whatever the calibration method and the imaging system used (the correlation coefficient r 2 > 0.98 in all cases). 90 Y-MAGIC 95 radiolabelled gel responses were recorded after 28. 76 and 124 h. The R 2 /dose curves are not linear: three phases can be described. the first being linear with a slow slope (0.14 s -1 Gy -1 instead of 0.41 s -1 Gy -1 for external beam irradiation of the same gel batch). This study shows safety of radiolabelled MAGIC gels manufacturing process and their large dosimetric feasibility. 90 Y-MAGIC 95 gel response appears to be reproducible and related to the absorbed dose, thus this gel is a promising tool for non-sealed source dosimetry. (authors)

Positive effect of yttrium on the reduction of pores in cast Al alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hua, Guomin; Ahmadi, Hojat; Nouri, Meisam; Li, Dongyang

2015-01-01

Mechanical and electrochemical properties of Al alloys can be improved by adding a small amount of rare-earth such as yttrium. Here we demonstrate that adding yttrium also helps suppress the porosity in cast Al alloys, thus minimizing its detrimental effect on mechanical properties of the alloys. The mechanism behind is elucidated based on the hydrogen binding energies and the diffusion activation energies of hydrogen atoms in Al and Al–Y phases, calculated using the first-principle method. - Highlights: • The porosity of commercial Al alloy can be reduced by additive yttrium. • Formed Al 3 Y phase helps reduce homogeneous nucleation of hydrogen bubbles. • Formed Al 3 Y and Al 2 Y phases could suppress the growth of hydrogen bubbles

Survival of anterior cantilevered all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses made from zirconia ceramic.

Science.gov (United States)

Sasse, Martin; Kern, Matthias

2014-06-01

This study evaluated the clinical outcome of all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) with a cantilevered single-retainer design made from zirconia ceramic. Forty-two anterior RBFDPs with a cantilevered single-retainer design were made from yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide ceramic. RBFDPs were inserted using Panavia 21 TC as luting agent after air-abrasion of the ceramic bonding surface. During a mean observation time of 61.8 months two debondings occurred. Both RBFDPs were rebonded using Panavia 21 TC and are still in function. A caries lesion was detected at one abutment tooth during recall and was treated with a composite filling. Therefore, the overall six-year failure-free rate according to Kaplan-Meier was 91.1%. If only debonding was defined as failure the survival rate increased to 95.2%. Since all RBFDPs are still in function the overall survival rate was 100% after six years. Cantilevered zirconia ceramic RBFDPs showed promising results within the observation period. Single-retainer resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses made from zirconia ceramic show very good mid-term clinical survival rates. They should therefore be considered as a viable treatment alternative for the replacement of single missing anterior teeth especially as compared to an implant therapy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Method for rapid screening analysis of Sr-90 in edible plant samples collected near Fukushima, Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amano, Hikaru; Sakamoto, Hideaki; Shiga, Norikatsu; Suzuki, Kaori

2016-01-01

A screening method for measuring 90 Sr in edible plant samples by focusing on 90 Y in equilibrium with 90 Sr is reported. 90 Y was extracted from samples with acid, co-precipitated with iron hydroxide, and precipitated with oxalic acid. The dissolved oxalate precipitate was loaded on an extraction chromatography resin, and the 90 Y-enriched eluate was analyzed by Cherenkov counting with a TDCR liquid scintillation counter. 90 Sr ( 90 Y) concentration was determined in plant samples collected near the damaged Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants with this method. - Highlights: • A screening method for measuring 90 Sr in edible plant samples by focusing on 90 Y in equilibrium with 90 Sr is reported. • 90 Y was extracted from samples with acid, co-precipitated with iron hydroxide, and precipitated with oxalic acid. • The dissolved oxalate precipitate was loaded on an extraction chromatography resin. • 90 Y-enriched eluate was analyzed by Cherenkov counting with a TDCR liquid scintillation counter. • 90 Sr ( 90 Y) concentration was determined in edible plant samples collected near the damaged Fukushima Daiichi NPPs with this method.

Robust evidence for long-term survival with {sup 90}Y radioembolization in chemorefractory liver-predominant metastatic colorectal cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jakobs, T.F. [Barmherzige Brueder Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich (Germany); Paprottka, K.J.; Raessler, F.; Strobl, F.; Trumm, C.G.; Sommer, W.; Paprottka, P.M. [LMU - University of Munich, Department of Clinical Radiology, Munich (Germany); Lehner, S.; Ilhan, H.; Fendler, W.P. [LMU - University of Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Munich (Germany)

2017-01-15

Our aim was to provide further evidence for the efficacy/safety of radioembolization using yttrium-90-resin microspheres for unresectable chemorefractory liver metastases from colorectal cancer (mCRC). We followed 104 consecutively treated patients until death. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the day of the first radioembolization procedure. Response was defined by changes in tumour volume as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) v1.0 and/or a ≥30 % reduction in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 3 months. Survival varied between 23 months in patients who had a complete response to prior chemotherapy and 13 months in patients with a partial response or stable disease. Median OS also significantly improved (from 5.8 months to 17.1 months) if response durability to radioembolization extended beyond 6 months. Patients with a positive trend in CEA serum levels (≥30 % reduction) at 3 months post-radioembolization also had a survival advantage compared with those who did not: 15.0 vs 6.7 months. Radioembolization was well tolerated. Grade 3 increases in bilirubin were reported in 5.0 % of patients at 3 months postprocedure. After multiple chemotherapies, many patients still have a good performance status and are eligible for radioembolization. This single procedure can achieve meaningful survivals and is generally well tolerated. (orig.)

Purification of bioactive phenolics from Phanerochaete chysosporium biomass extract on selected macroporous resins

Science.gov (United States)

Idris, Z. M.; Dzahir, M. I. H. M.; Jamal, P.; Barkat, A. A.; Xian, R. L. W.

2017-06-01

In this study, two different types of macroporous resins known as XAD-7HP and HP-20 were evaluated for the adsorption and desorption properties against bioactive phenolics extracted from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. From the previous static sorption studies, it was found that the adsorption capacity for both resins had has no significant difference. Then, the kinetic adsorption data were analyzed with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations and the later performed better. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Meanwhile in desorption study, HP-20 and XAD-7HP gave 90.52% and 88.28% recoveries, respectively. Considering the desorption results of the macroporous resins, HP-20 and XAD-7HP were packed in chromatography column to further purify the phenolics. For dynamic adsorption, breakthrough capacity of HP-20 (0.522) was found to be higher than XAD-7HP (0.131). Different ethanol concentrations (30% to 50% (v/v)) were investigated at fixed flowrate (1 ml/min) on phenolics recovery from both types of resins. The highest recovery of bioactive phenolics was 94.3% using XAD-7HP resins at 50% (v/v) of ethanol. Only 77.1% of bioactive phenolics were recovered using HP-20 resin at the same experimental conditions. The purified extract subsequently was analyzed using HPLC. The results showed that three phenolics (gallic acid 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) were identified with higher concentrations as compared to non-purified extract. Finally, the purified extract was tested for scavenging activity against DPPH, and it showed that the activity increased significantly to 90.80% from 59.94% in non-purified extract.

Characteristics of resin floc dispersion of anion and cation exchange resin in precoat filter using powdered ion exchange resin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adachi, Tetsurou (Nitto Denko Corp., Ibaraki, Osaka (Japan)); Sawa, Toshio; Shindoh, Toshikazu

1989-09-01

The filtration performance of mixed filter aid consisting of powdered anion and cation exchange resins used in the precoat filter is closely related to the characteristics of resin floc dispersion. The factors related to resin floc dispersion of anion and cation exchange resin were investigated by measuring the specific settle volume of resin floc as an evaluating index in addition to the measurement of physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of powdered ion exchange resin. The effect of adsorption of iron oxide and polymer electrolyte and of ion exchange were determined. In addition, considered floc dispersion with adsorbing iron oxide, it was assumed that the amount and filling ratio of resin floc were related to summation and multiplication of surface electric charge respectively. An experimental expression was obtained for simulation of the change of specific settle volume of resin floc by particle size, surface area, ion exchange capacity and degree of ionization of the powdered ion exchange resin. (author).

Characteristics of resin floc dispersion of anion and cation exchange resin in precoat filter using powdered ion exchange resin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adachi, Tetsurou; Sawa, Toshio; Shindoh, Toshikazu.

1989-01-01

The filtration performance of mixed filter aid consisting of powdered anion and cation exchange resins used in the precoat filter is closely related to the characteristics of resin floc dispersion. The factors related to resin floc dispersion of anion and cation exchange resin were investigated by measuring the specific settle volume of resin floc as an evaluating index in addition to the measurement of physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of powdered ion exchange resin. The effect of adsorption of iron oxide and polymer electrolyte and of ion exchange were determined. In addition, considered floc dispersion with adsorbing iron oxide, it was assumed that the amount and filling ratio of resin floc were related to summation and multiplication of surface electric charge respectively. An experimental expression was obtained for simulation of the change of specific settle volume of resin floc by particle size, surface area, ion exchange capacity and degree of ionization of the powdered ion exchange resin. (author)

Solvent extraction method for rapid separation of strontium-90 in milk and food samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hingorani, S.B.; Sathe, A.P.

1991-01-01

A solvent extraction method, using tributyl phosphate, for rapid separation of strontium-90 in milk and other food samples has been presented in this report in view of large number of samples recieved after Chernobyl accident for checking radioactive contamination. The earlier nitration method in use for the determination of 90 Sr through its daughter 90 Y takes over two weeks for analysis of a sample. While by this extraction method it takes only 4 to 5 hours for sample analysis. Complete estimation including initial counting can be done in a single day. The chemical recovery varies between 80-90% compared to nitration method which is 65-80%. The purity of the method has been established by following the decay of yttrium-90 separated. Some of the results obtained by adopting this chemical method for food analysis are included. The method is, thus, found to be rapid and convenient for accurate estimation of strontium-90 in milk and food samples. (author). 2 tabs., 1 fig

Yttrium recovery from primary and secondary sources: A review of main hydrometallurgical processes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Innocenzi, Valentina, E-mail: valentina.innocenzi1@univaq.it [Department of Industrial Engineering, of Information and Economy, University of L’Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi 18, Zona industriale di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila (Italy); De Michelis, Ida [Department of Industrial Engineering, of Information and Economy, University of L’Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi 18, Zona industriale di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila (Italy); Kopacek, Bernd [SAT, Austrian Society for Systems Engineering and Automation, Gurkasse 43/2, A-1140 Vienna (Austria); Vegliò, Francesco [Department of Industrial Engineering, of Information and Economy, University of L’Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi 18, Zona industriale di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila (Italy)

2014-07-15

Highlights: • Review of the main hydrometallurgical processes to recover yttrium. • Recovery of yttrium from primary sources. • Recovery of yttrium from e-waste and other types of waste. - Abstract: Yttrium is important rare earths (REs) used in numerous fields, mainly in the phosphor powders for low-energy lighting. The uses of these elements, especially for high-tech products are increased in recent years and combined with the scarcity of the resources and the environmental impact of the technologies to extract them from ores make the recycling waste, that contain Y and other RE, a priority. The present review summarized the main hydrometallurgical technologies to extract Y from ores, contaminated solutions, WEEE and generic wastes. Before to discuss the works about the treatment of wastes, the processes to retrieval Y from ores are discussed, since the processes are similar and derived from those already developed for the extraction from primary sources. Particular attention was given to the recovery of Y from WEEE because the recycle of them is important not only for economical point of view, considering its value, but also for environmental impact that this could be generated if not properly disposal.

Radiolabeling oligo nuclieotide with 90Y and its radiolysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Changbin; Tian Jiahe; Zhang Jinming; Yin Dayi; Guo Zhe

2005-01-01

Objective: To evaluate labeling Morpholinos (MORF), a DNA analogue, with 90 Y using p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) as chelater and assess its stability and hybridization in vitro. Methods: A 25 mer MORF with a primary amine on the 3' equivalent end attached via a 10 member linker was conjugated with an isothiocyanate backbone derivative of DOTA. The conjugated product was labeled in various buffers over a different range of concentrations (0.5-2 mol/L) and pH(3-8.5). The labeled MORF was investigated for stability and hybridization in vitro. Results: By size exclusion high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) and instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) analysis, the DOTA conjugated MORF was successfully radiolabeled, the labeling efficiency was (50 ± 12)%, the specific radioactivity was 5.05 x 10 6 MBq/mmol, radiochemistry purity >95%. The labeled MORF showed one sharp peak by HPLC that shifted completely to earlier retention times following addition of a polymer conjugated with the complementary MORF. In saline at room temperature and in serum at 37 degree C, the radioactivity profile of 90 Y showed a pronounced lower molecular weight peak which did not shifted and was shown due to 90 Y-DOTA resulting from radiolysis. Conclusion: MORF can be successfully labeled with 90 Y via DOTA as chelater, but care it must be taken to avoid the effect of radiolysis. (authors)

Diclofenac removal in urine using strong-base anion exchange polymer resins.

Science.gov (United States)

Landry, Kelly A; Boyer, Treavor H

2013-11-01

One of the major sources of pharmaceuticals in the environment is wastewater effluent of which human urine contributes the majority of pharmaceuticals. Urine source separation has the potential to isolate pharmaceuticals at a higher concentration for efficient removal as well as produce a nutrient byproduct. This research investigated the efficacy of using strong-base anion exchange polymer resins to remove the widely detected and abundant pharmaceutical, diclofenac, from synthetic human urine under fresh and ureolyzed conditions. The majority of experiments were conducted using a strong-base, macroporous, polystyrene resin (Purolite A520E). Ion-exchange followed a two-step removal rate with rapid removal in 1 h and equilibrium removal in 24 h. Diclofenac removal was >90% at a resin dose of 8 mL/L in both fresh and ureolyzed urine. Sorption of diclofenac onto A520E resin was concurrent with desorption of an equivalent amount of chloride, which indicates the ion-exchange mechanism is occurring. The presence of competing ions such as phosphate and citrate did not significantly impact diclofenac removal. Comparisons of three polystyrene resins (A520E, Dowex 22, Dowex Marathon 11) as well as one polyacrylic resin (IRA958) were conducted to determine the major interactions between anion exchange resin and diclofenac. The results showed that polystyrene resins provide the highest level of diclofenac removal due to electrostatic interactions between quaternary ammonium functional groups of resin and carboxylic acid of diclofenac and non-electrostatic interactions between resin matrix and benzene rings of diclofenac. Diclofenac was effectively desorbed from A520E resin using a regeneration solution that contained 4.5% (m/m) NaCl in an equal-volume mixture of methanol and water. The greater regeneration efficiency of the NaCl/methanol-water mixture over the aqueous NaCl solution supports the importance of non-electrostatic interactions between resin matrix and benzene rings

FTIR analysis and the effects of alkyd/melamine resin ratio on the properties of the coatings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cakić Suzana M.

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Alkyd/melamine resin mixtures are mainly used in industrial baking enamels. The effects of the alkyd/butylated melamine resin ratio (from 90/10 to 50/50 and curing temperature (from 110 to 180°C on the crosslinking and properties of the coating are presented in this paper. The curing reactions through functional groups of resins were monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. The hardness, elasticity, degree of adherence and gloss were also determined. Optimal coating properties could be achieved with an alkyd/melamine resin ratio of 80/20, a curing temperature of 150°C and a curing time of 20 min.

Study of radionuclide 90Sr-90Y on cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign prostatic hyperplasia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Tong; Wei Wei; Zou Benjie; Liu Fang; Xu Zhishun

2003-01-01

Objective: To investigate the effect of 90 Sr- 90 Yon cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: The apoptosis and expression of Ki-67 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) before and after irradiation 90 Sr- 90 Y were detected by transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and immunohistochemical technique, respectively. Results: The proliferation index (PI) of BPH after 90 Sr- 90 Y irradiation was much lower than that before irradiation, but there was no significant change in apoptosis index (AI). Conclusion: Irradiation with 90 Sr- 90 Y could restrain cell proliferation of BPH, but could not induce apoptosis

Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of soft denture lining materials to an acrylic resin denture base.

Science.gov (United States)

Gundogdu, Mustafa; Yesil Duymus, Zeynep; Alkurt, Murat

2014-10-01

Adhesive failure between acrylic resin and resilient liner material is commonly encountered in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of 2 different resilient lining materials to an acrylic resin denture base. Ninety-six dumbbell-shaped specimens were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin, and 3 mm of the material was cut from the thin midsection. The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to their surface treatments: no surface treatment (control group), 36% phosphoric acid etching (acid group), erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser (laser group), airborne-particle abrasion with 50-μm Al2O3 particles (abrasion group), an acid+laser group, and an abrasion+laser group. The specimens in each group were divided into 2 subgroups according to the resilient lining material used: heat-polymerized silicone based resilient liner (Molloplast B) and autopolymerized silicone-based resilient liner (Ufi Gel P). After all of the specimens had been polymerized, they were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 week. A tensile bond strength test was then performed. Data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA, and the Sidak multiple comparison test was used to identify significant differences (α=.05). The effects of the surface treatments and resilient lining materials on the surface of the denture base resin were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The tensile bond strength was significantly different between Molloplast B and Ufi Gel P (P<.001). The specimens of the acid group had the highest tensile bond strength, whereas those of the abrasion group had the lowest tensile bond strength. The scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the application of surface treatments modified the surface of the denture base resin. Molloplast B exhibited significantly higher bond strength than Ufi Gel P. Altering the surface of the acrylic resin denture base with 36

Stabilised 111In-labelled DTPA- and DOTA-conjugated neurotensin analogues for imaging and therapy of exocrine pancreatic cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Visser, M. de; Krenning, E.P.; Jong, M. de; Janssen, P.J.J.M.; Srinivasan, A.; Reubi, J.C.; Waser, B.; Erion, J.L.; Schmidt, M.A.

2003-01-01

Neurotensin (NT) receptors are overexpressed in exocrine pancreatic cancer and Ewing's sarcoma. The potential utility of native NT in cancer diagnosis and therapy is, however, limited by its rapid degradation in vivo. Therefore, NT analogues were synthesised with modified lysine and arginine derivatives to enhance stability and coupled either to DTPA, to enable high specific activity labelling with indium-111 for imaging, or to DOTA, to enable high specific activity labelling with β-emitting radionuclides, such as lutetium-177 and yttrium-90. Based on serum stability (4 h incubation at 37 C in human serum) and receptor binding affinity, the five most promising analogues were selected and further evaluated in in vitro internalisation studies in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 cells, which overexpress NT receptors. All five NT analogues bound with high affinity to NT receptors on human exocrine pancreatic tumour sections. The analogues could be labelled with 111 In to a high specific activity. The 111 In-labelled compounds were found to be very stable in serum. Incubation of HT29 cells with the 111 In-labelled analogues at 37 C showed rapid receptor-mediated uptake and internalisation. The most promising analogue, peptide 2530 [DTPA-(Pip)Gly-Pro-(PipAm)Gly-Arg-Pro-Tyr-tBuGly-Leu-OH] was further tested in vivo in a biodistribution study using HT29 tumour-bearing nude mice. The results of this study showed low percentages of injected dose per gram tissue of this 111 In-labelled 2530 analogue in receptor-negative organs like blood, spleen, pancreas, liver, muscle and femur. Good uptake was found in the receptor-positive HT29 tumour and high uptake was present in the kidneys. Co-injection of excess unlabelled NT significantly reduced tumour uptake, showing that tumour uptake is a receptor-mediated process. With their enhanced stability, maintained high receptor affinity and rapid receptor-mediated internalisation, the 111 In-labelled DTPA- and DOTA-conjugated NT

Synthesis of {sup 13}C- and {sup 14}C-labeled 1192U90, an ortho-amino benzamide with a preclinical atypical antipsychotic profile

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Norman, M.H.; Gabriel, S.D. [Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)

1996-03-01

Three isotopic forms of potential antipsychotic agent 1192U90 (2-amino-N-(4-(4-(1,2-benzisthiazol-3-yl)-piperazinyl)butyl)benzam ide) were synthesized: one containing {sup 13}C-isotopes and two containing {sup 14}C-isotopes. The compound in which the ortho-amino benzamide ring is completely {sup 13}C-labeled was prepared in a four-step sequence starting from [{sup 13}C{sub 6}]aniline. The {sup 14}C-labeled compounds were prepared by methods analogous to those previously described for the unlabeled material. The key step involved the condensation of 3-(4-(4aminobutyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole with isatoic anhydride. The first {sup 14}C-labeled compound (3) was prepared from {sup 14}C-labeled 3-(4-(4-aminobutyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole, while the second compound (4) derived its isotopic label from [{sup 14}C]isatoic anhydride. Compound 3 had a specific activity of 26.55 mCi/mmol, a radiochemical purity of 99.3%, and a radiochemical yield of 3.4%. Compound 4 had a specific activity of 22.67 mCi/mmol and a radiochemical purity of 99.2%. (author).

Innovation in metrology: fast automated radiochemical separation and measurement for strontium 89 and 90

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Augeray, C.; Galliez, K.; Mouton, M.; Tarlette, L.; Loyen, J.; Fayolle, C.; Gleizes, M. [Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire - IRSN (France)

2014-07-01

Measuring radioactivity in the food and for radiological monitoring of the environment around Nuclear Facilities or mining sites requires the quantification of the radioactive isotopes present in the different compartments (liquids or solids), especially of the beta emitters. Strontium 89 and 90, both pure beta emitters are radioactive isotopes of interest. Because of their toxicity and the similarity of their chemical and physical behavior with calcium, these elements may be found through the food chain. After the Fukushima accident, the necessity of quantifying quickly radioactive isotopes such as strontium 89 and 90 appeared. The technique we are going to present concerns the determination of the activity concentration of strontium 89 and 90 in water, according to the {sup 89}Sr/{sup 90}Sr ratio. It consists of two stages: the chemical separation by ionic chromatography and the measurement of the activity concentration of strontium 89 and 90 by Cerenkov Effect. The automated separation has been developed and allows isolating the isotopes of strontium in particular the radioactive ones: strontium 89 and 90. The separation can be done within one hour. It was realized from the adaptation of existing analytical chemistry equipments with on-line couplings. The protocol of separation is based on the use of ions exchange columns of Ionic chromatography not as a separation and measurement technique of the cation but only as a separation technique. At the release time of the ion to be quantified, a fraction collector allows its recovery. The test portion is then analyzed with a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The activity concentration is measured by Cerenkov Effect on a quenched sample. The quenching is realized by applying a thin colored film on the sample vial. This color quench is used to make strontium 90 counts disappear on the LS spectrum. This way, only yttrium 90 ingrowth and strontium 89 decay are measured (E{sup 90}Sr < E{sup 89}Sr < E{sup 90}Y

Treatment of acromegaly by yttrium implantation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hibbert, J.; Shaheen, O.H.

1977-01-01

Yttrium implantation is one of the many ways of treating acromegaly. The advantages are the minor nature of the procedure and the fact that pituitary replacement is not as commonly required as after hypophysectomy. Thus in young female patients menstruation may be resumed following treatment and pregnancy has occurred. The procedure is not as free from complications as external irradiation but the response is more satisfactory.

Biochemical investigation of yttrium(III) complex containing 1,10-phenanthroline: DNA binding and antibacterial activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Khorasani-Motlagh, Mozhgan; Noroozifar, Meissam; Moodi, Asieh; Niroomand, Sona

2013-03-05

Characterization of the interaction between yttrium(III) complex containing 1,10-phenanthroline as ligand, [Y(phen)2Cl(OH2)3]Cl2⋅H2O, and DNA has been carried out by UV absorption, fluorescence spectra and viscosity measurements in order to investigate binding mode. The experimental results indicate that the yttrium(III) complex binds to DNA and absorption is decreasing in charge transfer band with the increase in amount of DNA. The binding constant (Kb) at different temperatures as well as thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°), were calculated according to relevant fluorescent data and Vant' Hoff equation. The results of interaction mechanism studies, suggested that groove binding plays a major role in the binding of the complex and DNA. The activity of yttrium(III) complex against some bacteria was tested and antimicrobial screening tests shown growth inhibitory activity in the presence of yttrium(III) complex. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation, characterization and thermal behaviour study of double selenates of lanthanides, yttrium and beryllium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro, C.A.

1988-01-01

The lanthanides (III) and yttrium (III) double selenates were studied using common analytical methods, atomic absorption, X-ray diffraction infra-red absorption, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. These compounds were prepared from the mixture of lanthanides (III) and yttrium (III) selenates aqueous solution and basic beryllium selenates aqueous solution, obeying equimolar relation (1:1) to the cation

Effect of yttrium on the oxide scale adherence of pre-oxidized silicon-containing heat-resistant alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan Jingbo; Gao Yimin; Shen Yudi; Yang Fang; Yi Dawei; Ye Zhaozhong; Liang Long; Du Yingqian

2011-01-01

Highlights: → AE experiment shows yttrium has a beneficial effect on the pre-oxidized HP40 alloy. → Yttrium facilitates the formation of internal oxide after 10 h of oxidation. → Internal oxide changes the rupture behaviour of the oxide scale. → Twins form in the internal oxide and improve the binding strength of the scale. - Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of the rare earth element yttrium on the rupture behaviour of the oxide scale on the silicon-containing heat-resistant alloy during cooling. After 10 h of oxidation, yttrium is found to facilitate the formation of internal oxides (silica) at the scale-matrix interface. Due to the twinning observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in silica, the critical strain value for the scale failure can be dramatically improved, and the formation of cracks at the scale-matrix interface is inhibited.

Determination of mineral radioactive strontium-{sup 90} in urines; Recherche du strontium mineral radioactif {sup 90}Sr dans les urines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeanmaire, L; Jammet, H; Bertrand, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1959-07-01

An analytical procedure for radioactive strontium in urine is described. As a first step, a precipitation of calcium oxalate performed on the urine, allows to detect the presence of various fission products and particularly of strontium which is carried by the precipitate. Strontium can then be selectively separated on ion exchange resins. By studying the growth curve of {beta} activity, it is possible to determine the activities which may be attributed to {sup 89}Sr and {sup 90}Sr respectively. (author) [French] Cet article decrit une technique de dosage du strontium radioactif dans les urines. Dans un premier stade, une precipitation d'oxalate de calcium effectuee sur l'urine permet de deceler la presence de differents produits de fission et en particulier du strontium qui est entraine sur ce precipite. Il est possible ensuite de separer selectivement le strontium au moyen de resines echangeuses d'ions. L'examen de le courbe de croissance de l'activite {beta} permet de determiner les activites dues respectivement a {sup 89}Sr et {sup 90}Sr. (auteur)

Resin Viscosity Influence on Fiber Compaction in Tapered Resin Injection Pultrusion Manufacturing

Science.gov (United States)

Masuram, N. B.; Roux, J. A.; Jeswani, A. L.

2018-06-01

Viscosity of the liquid resin effects the chemical and mechanical properties of the pultruded composite. In resin injection pultrusion manufacturing the liquid resin is injected into a specially designed tapered injection chamber through the injection slots present on top and bottom of the chamber. The resin is injected at a pressure so as to completely wetout the fiber reinforcements inside the tapered injection chamber. As the resin penetrates through the fibers, the resin also pushes the fibers away from the wall towards the center of chamber causing compaction of the fiber reinforcements. The fibers are squeezed together due to compaction, making resin penetration more difficult; thus higher resin injection pressures are required to efficaciously penetrate through the compacted fibers and achieve complete wetout. The impact of resin viscosity on resin flow, fiber compaction, wetout and on the final product is further discussed. Injection chamber design predominantly effects the resin flow inside the chamber and the minimum injection pressure required to completely wet the fibers. Therefore, a desirable injection chamber design is such that wetout occurs at lower injection pressures and at low internal pressures inside the injection chamber.

Neutron activation determination of oxygen in ceramic materials on the basis of yttrium, barium and copper

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldshtein, M.M.; Yudelevich, I.G.

1991-01-01

A procedure of determining oxygen in superconducting materials on the basis of yttrium, barium and copper oxides with the application of 14 MeV-neutron activation was developed. The method is based on determining the relation between oxygen and yttrium in the compounds investigated. In order to minimize systematic errors, expressions accounting for spectrometer dead time under conditions of varying component activity are proposed. The procedure ensures determination of the relation between oxygen and yttrium with a relative error of 0.4% with NAA using a neutron generator. (author) 4 refs.; 1 fig

[Studies on the process of Herba Clinopodii saponins purified with macroporous adsorption resin].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yi; Yan, Dan; Han, Yumei

2005-10-01

To study the technological parameters of the purification process of saponins with macroporous adsorption resin. The adsorptive characteristics and elutive parameters of the process were studied by taking the elutive and purified ratio of saponins as markers. 11.4 ml of the extraction of Herba Clinopodii (crude drugs 0.2 g/ml) was purified with a column of macroporous adsorption resin (phi15 mm x H90 mm, dry weight 2.5 g) and washed with 3BV of distilled water, then eluted with 3BV of 30% ethanol and 3BV of 70% ethanol. Most of saponins were collected in the 70% ethanol. With macroporous adsorption resin adsorbing and purifying,the elutive ratio of saponins is 86.8% and the purity reaches 153.2%. So this process of applying macroporous adsorption resin to adsorb and purify Saponins is feasible.

Effects of blood contamination on resin-resin bond strength.

Science.gov (United States)

Eiriksson, Sigurdur O; Pereira, Patricia N R; Swift, Edward J; Heymann, Harald O; Sigurdsson, Asgeir

2004-02-01

Incremental placement and curing of resin composites has been recommended. However, this requires longer operating time, and therefore, increased risk of contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood contamination on microtensile bond strengths (microTBS) between resin interfaces and to determine the best decontamination method to re-establish the original resin-resin bond strength. The top surfaces of 64, 4-mm composite blocks (Z-250, Renew, APX, Pertac II) were untreated as the control, or were treated as follows: blood applied and dried on the surface (Treatment 1), blood applied, rinsed, dried (Treatment 2), blood applied, rinsed, and an adhesive applied (Single Bond, One-Step, Clearfil SE, Prompt L-Pop) (Treatment 3). Fresh composite was applied and light-cured in 2-mm increments. After 24 h storage in water, the specimens were sectioned into 0.7-mm thick slabs, trimmed to a cross-sectional area of 1 mm(2), and loaded to failure at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min using an Instron universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (pcontamination resulted in resin-resin bond strengths of only 1.0-13.1 MPa. Rinsing raised bond strengths to over 40 MPa for each material. Use of an adhesive further increased bond strengths except for Pertac II. Rinsing blood from contaminated surfaces increases the resin-resin bond strength significantly and the application of an appropriate adhesive increases the bond strength to control levels.

Improvement of the oxidation resistance of Tribaloy T-800 alloy by the additions of yttrium and aluminium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Y.-D.; Zhang, C.; Lan, H.; Hou, P.Y.; Yang, Z.-G.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The additions of yttrium (Y) reduced the oxidation rate of Tribaloy T-800 alloy. → Y promoted selective oxidation of Cr due to refinement of alloy phase size. → The oxidation rate was further reduced by Y plus Al with a protective Al 2 O 3 scale. → The positive effect of Y and Al being more pronounced at the higher temperature. - Abstract: The microstructures and oxidation behaviour of the modified Tribaloy T-800 alloys by additions of yttrium and yttrium plus aluminium have been studied. At the presence of yttrium alone, the oxidation rate decreased, and the selective oxidation of chromium was promoted, which was related to the refinement of alloy phase size. The addition of yttrium plus aluminium further reduced the oxidation rate. The selective oxidation of chromium and aluminium were both promoted significantly. The benefits were especially pronounced at 1000 o C, with the formation of protective alumina external layer and no internal oxides, which may be detrimental to the alloy mechanical property.

Vickers microhardness comparison of 4 composite resins with different types of filler.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

René García-Contreras

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Composite resins are the material of choice to restore minimal invasive cavities; conversely, it is important to explore the mechanical properties of commercially available dental materials. Objective: To compare the Vickers microhardness (VHN of four available commercial composite resins using standardized samples and methods. Methodology: Composite cylinders were manufactured in a Teflon mould. We used the follow composite resins (n=4/gp: Microhybrid resins [Feeling Lux (Viarden and Amelogen Plus (Ultradent], Hybrid resin [Te-Econom Plus (Ivoclar] and Nanohybrid resin [Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE]. All samples were incubated in distilled water at 37ºC for five days. The test was carried out with microhardness indenter at 10 N, and a dwelling time of 10 s for 9 indentations across the specimens resulting in a total of 36 indentations for each group. Data were subjected to Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and ANOVA (post-hoc Tukey test. Results: The VHN mean values ranged from harder to softer as follows: Filtek Z350 (71.96±6.44 (p Amelogen Plus (59.90±4.40 (p Feeling lux (53.52±5.72> Te-Econom Plus (53.26±5.19. Conclusion: According to our results, the microhardness of the evaluated conventional composite resins can withstand the masticatory forces; however nanohybrid composite resins showed better Vickers microhardness and therefore are a more clinically suitable option for minimal invasion treatments.

Foam, Foam-resin composite and method of making a foam-resin composite

Science.gov (United States)

Cranston, John A. (Inventor); MacArthur, Doug E. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

This invention relates to a foam, a foam-resin composite and a method of making foam-resin composites. The foam set forth in this invention comprises a urethane modified polyisocyanurate derived from an aromatic amino polyol and a polyether polyol. In addition to the polyisocyanurate foam, the composite of this invention further contains a resin layer, wherein the resin may be epoxy, bismaleimide, or phenolic resin. Such resins generally require cure or post-cure temperatures of at least 350.degree. F.

Effect of yttrium chromite doping on its resistance to high-temperature salt and gas corrosions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oryshich, I.V.; Poryadchenko, N.E.; Rakitskij, A.N.; Bega, N.D.

1996-01-01

Effect of yttrium chromite doping with 2-4 group metal oxides on the corrosion resistance in the air at 1300 C during 5 hours and in sodium chloride and sulfate melts at 900 C during 20 hours is investigated. A notable increase of corrosion resistance is achieved under complex doping with zirconium and magnesium oxides in a quantity, close to solubility in yttrium oxide and solubility by aluminium oxide. Doping with calcium and strontium oxides in the quantities, dose to solubility in yttrium oxide does not produce any notable effect, and at higher concentrations it reduces the corrosion resistance in media indicated. Refs. 8, refs. 2, tabs. 1

Ecological Dose Modeling of Aquatic and Riparian Receptors to Strontium-90 with an Emphasis on Radiosensitive Organs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poston, Ted M.; Traub, Richard J.; Antonio, Ernest J.

2011-07-20

The 100-NR-2 site is the location of elevated releases of strontium-90 to the Columbia River via contaminated groundwater. The resulting dose to aquatic and riparian receptors was evaluated in 2005 (DOE 2009) and compared to U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) dose guidance values. We have conducted additional dose assessments for a broader spectrum of aquatic and riparian organisms using RESRAD Biota and specific exposure scenarios. Because strontium-90 accumulates in bone, we have also modeled the dose to the anterior kidney, a blood-forming and immune system organ that lies close to the spinal column of fish. The resulting dose is primarily attributable to the yttrium-90 progeny of strontium-90 and very little of the dose is associated with the beta emission from strontium-90. All dose modeling results were calculated with an assumption of secular equilibrium between strontium-90 and yttrum-90.

Process Optimization of Bismaleimide (BMI) Resin Infused Carbon Fiber Composite

Science.gov (United States)

Ehrlich, Joshua W.; Tate, LaNetra C.; Cox, Sarah B.; Taylor, Brian J.; Wright, M. Clara; Caraccio, Anne J.; Sampson, Jeffery W.

2013-01-01

Bismaleimide (BMI) resins are an attractive new addition to world-wide composite applications. This type of thermosetting polyimide provides several unique characteristics such as excellent physical property retention at elevated temperatures and in wet environments, constant electrical properties over a vast array of temperature settings, and nonflammability properties as well. This makes BMI a popular choice in advance composites and electronics applications [I]. Bismaleimide-2 (BMI-2) resin was used to infuse intermediate modulus 7 (IM7) based carbon fiber. Two panel configurations consisting of 4 plies with [+45deg, 90deg]2 and [0deg]4 orientations were fabricated. For tensile testing, a [90deg]4 configuration was tested by rotating the [0deg]4 configirration to lie orthogonal with the load direction of the test fixture. Curing of the BMI-2/IM7 system utilized an optimal infusion process which focused on the integration of the manufacturer-recommended ramp rates,. hold times, and cure temperatures. Completion of the cure cycle for the BMI-2/IM7 composite yielded a product with multiple surface voids determined through visual and metallographic observation. Although the curing cycle was the same for the three panellayups, the surface voids that remained within the material post-cure were different in abundance, shape, and size. For tensile testing, the [0deg]4 layup had a 19.9% and 21.7% greater average tensile strain performance compared to the [90deg]4 and [+45deg, 90deg, 90deg,-45degg] layups, respectively, at failure. For tensile stress performance, the [0deg]4 layup had a 5.8% and 34.0% greater average performance% than the [90deg]4 and [+45deg, 90deg, 90deg,-45deg] layups.

The enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of yttrium-doped BiOBr synthesized via a reactable ionic liquid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

He, Minqiang; Li, Weibing [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Xia, Jiexiang, E-mail: xjx@ujs.edu.cn [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Xu, Li; Di, Jun [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Xu, Hui [School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Yin, Sheng [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Li, Huaming, E-mail: lhm@ujs.edu.cn [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Li, Mengna [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013 (China)

2015-03-15

Graphical abstract: Yttrium (Y)-doped BiOBr with different Y doping concentrations has been synthesized via solvothermal method in the presence of reactable ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C16mim]Br). The photocatalytic activities of the yttrium doped BiOBr samples were evaluated by the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. The yttrium doped BiOBr exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the two types of pollutants, and the 5wt%Y-doped BiOBr showed the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the reduced band gap and improved separation of electron–hole pairs. - Highlights: • Yttrium (Y)-doped BiOBr composites have been synthesized via solvothermal method in the presence of reactable ionic liquid [C16mim]Br. • The yttrium doped BiOBr exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and rhodamine B (RhB). • The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the reduced band gap and improved separation of electron–hole pairs. - Abstract: Yttrium (Y)-doped BiOBr with different Y doping concentrations has been synthesized via solvothermal method in the presence of reactable ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C{sub 16}mim]Br). Their structures, morphologies and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic activities of the yttrium doped BiOBr samples were evaluated by the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. The yttrium doped BiOBr exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the two types of pollutants, and the 5wt%Y-doped BiOBr showed the highest

Preparation of high purity yttrium single crystals by electrotransport

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volkov, V.T.; Nikiforova, T.V.; Ionov, A.M.; Pustovit, A.N.; Sikharulidse, G.G.

1981-01-01

The possibility of obtaining yttrium crystals of high purity by the method of solid state electrotransport (SSE) was investigated in the present work. The behaviour of low contents of iron, aluminium, silicon, tantalum, copper, silver and vanadium as metallic impurities was studied using mass spectrometry. It is shown that all the impurities investigated, except copper, migrate to the anode. During electrotransfer a purification with respect to these impurities by a factor of 4 - 6 is obtained. It is proposed that the diffusion coefficients of the metallic impurities investigated are anomalously high and that the behaviour of the impurities during SSE in adapters necessitates further investigation. By using a three-stage process with intermediate removal of the anode end yttrium single crystals with a resistance ratio rho 293 /rhosub(4.2)=570 were produced. (Auth.)

Y-90 microshperes in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Kalbani, Abdullah; Kamel, Yasser

2008-04-01

A small percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are candidates for curative treatment in form of resection or transplantation. There are different treatment options for unresectable HCC-like local ablative therapies and recently systemic therapy with Sorafenib. All of these have variable response rate and had been proven to improve survival. In the last few years, there is a growing interest in TheraSphere radioembolization. It consists of yttrium90 (Y-90) embedded into nonbiodegradable glass microspheres. It is selectively administered by intraarterial hepatic injection giving high doses of radiation to the tumor and sparing the liver parenchyma. It has been shown to improve survival and used as a bridge to transplantation and to downstage tumors for resection. Therasphere seems to have favorable safety profile and has been used in patients with portal vein thrombosis with successful outcome.

Application of microcomputer in the radiation treatment of cystic craniopharyngeomas with colloidal 90Y silicate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Julow, Jenoe; Drasny, Gabor; Lanyi, Ferenc; Simkovics, Miklos; Hajda, Marta; Szeifert, Gyoergy; Toth, Szabolcs; Pasztor, Emil

1987-01-01

A computer program has been created and applied with success in the treatment of craniopharyngeomas. The program calculates first the volume of the cyst (from the data of cystography and puncture) then the volume of colloidal 90 Yttrium silicate which has to be injected. As the calculations need only about 5 min, the treatment can be carried out in one single session instead of two separate sessions, required previously. (L.E.) 5 refs.; 4 figs

Occupational radiation exposure of medical staff performing 90Y-loaded microsphere radioembolization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laffont, Sophie; Ardisson, Valerie; Lenoir, Laurence; Rolland, Yan; Rohou, Tanguy; Edeline, Julien; Pracht, Marc; Sourd, Samuel Le; Lepareur, Nicolas; Garin, Etienne

2016-01-01

Radioembolization of liver cancer with 90 Y-loaded microspheres is increasingly used but data regarding hospital staff exposure are scarce. We evaluated the radiation exposure of medical staff while preparing and injecting 90 Y-loaded glass and resin microspheres especially in view of the increasing use of these products. Exposure of the chest and finger of the radiopharmacist, nuclear medicine physician and interventional radiologist during preparation and injection of 78 glass microsphere preparations and 16 resin microsphere preparations was monitored. Electronic dosimeters were used to measure chest exposure and ring dosimeters were used to measure finger exposure. Chest exposure was very low for both products used (<10 μSv from preparation and injection). In our experience, finger exposure was significantly lower than the annual limit of 500 mSv for both products. With glass microspheres, the mean finger exposure was 13.7 ± 5.2 μSv/GBq for the radiopharmacist, and initially 17.9 ± 5.4 μSv/GBq for the nuclear medicine physician reducing to 13.97 ± 7.9 μSv/GBq with increasing experience. With resin microspheres, finger exposure was more significant: mean finger exposure for the radiopharmacist was 295.1 ± 271.9 μSv/GBq but with a reduction with increasing experience to 97.5 ± 35.2 μSv/GBq for the six most recent dose preparations. For administration of resin microspheres, the greatest mean finger exposure for the nuclear medicine physician (the most exposed operator) was 235.5 ± 156 μSv/GBq. Medical staff performing 90 Y-loaded microsphere radioembolization procedures are exposed to safe levels of radiation. Exposure is lower than that from treatments using 131 I-lipiodol. The lowest finger exposure is from glass microspheres. With resin microspheres finger exposure is acceptable but could be optimized in accordance with the ALARA principle, and especially in view of the increasing use of radioembolization. (orig.)

BOND STRENGTH DURABILITY OF SELF-ETCHING ADHESIVES AND RESIN CEMENTS TO DENTIN

Science.gov (United States)

Chaves, Carolina de Andrade Lima; de Melo, Renata Marques; Passos, Sheila Pestana; Camargo, Fernanda Pelógia; Bottino, Marco Antonio; Balducci, Ivan

2009-01-01

Objectives: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of one- (Xeno III, Dentsply) and two-step (Tyrian-One Step Plus, Bisco) self-etching adhesive systems bonded to dentin and cemented to chemically cured (C&B Metabond) or light-cured paste of a dual-cure resin cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar) within a short (24 h) and long period of evaluation (90 days). Material and Methods: Forty recently extracted human molars had their roots removed and their occlusal dentin exposed and ground wet with 600-grit SiC paper. After application of one of the adhesives, the resin cement was applied to the bonded surface and a composite resin block was incrementally built up to a height of 5 mm (n=10). The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. The teeth were then cut along two axes (x and y), producing beam-shaped specimens with 0.8 mm2 cross-sectional area, which were subjected to μTBS testing at a crosshead speed of 0.05 mm/min and stressed to failure after 24 h or 90 days of storage in water. The μTBS data in MPa were subjected to three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α= 0.05). Results: The interaction effect for all three factors was statistically significant (three-way ANOVA, padhesive combination that provided the most promising bond strength after 90 days of storage in water. PMID:19466243

Comparison of post-embolization syndrome in the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Trans-catheter arterial chemo-embolization versus Yttrium-90 glass microspheres

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goin, J.E.; Roberts, C.A.; Dancey, J.E.; Sickles, C.J.; Leung, D.A.; Soulen, M.C.

2004-01-01

Post-embolization syndrome (PES) occurs in most patients who undergo trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Intra-hepatic arterial administration of TheraSphere, yttrium-90 glass microspheres, is an alternative treatment for unresectable HCC that does not require embolization of major vessels and may have a more favorable toxicity profile than TACE. This paper compares the incidence of PES after TACE vs. TheraSphere treatment in unresectable HCC patients. Data for 29 TACE-treated and 34 TheraSphere-treated patients were evaluated for PES. PES toxicities (i.e., nausea, vomiting, fever in the absence of infection, and abdominal pain) were scored according to Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) toxicity criteria. PES was defined as a total score for the four toxicities of 2 or greater. Survival was defined from the date of treatment to the date of death. TACE patients underwent one to seven treatment procedures; TheraSphere patients underwent one to two treatment procedures. The incidence of PES was 3.8-times (95% confidence interval 1.6-16.3) higher after TACE [20/29(69%)] than after TheraSphere [6/34 (18%)] treatment; this difference was statistically significant (p=.003). Median survival was similar for TheraSphere (N=20; 378 days, CI 209-719) and TACE (N=29; 343 days, CI 217-511) patients. It was concluded that treatment of unresectable HCC with TheraSphere results in a much lower incidence of PES compared to TACE. Since TheraSphere is a pure beta emitter; it can potentially be administered safely on an outpatient basis, and appears to be at least as efficacious as TACE on survival with fewer treatments per patient. (author)

Review: microspheres for radioembolization therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Mingqiang; Xu Shuhe

2007-12-01

Radioembolization of liver cancer has been proven to be an effective therapy in nuclear medicine. The yttrium-90 glass microspheres has been used to treat both primary and metastatic liver tumors in clinic which shown encouraging results. The preparation, stability, degradation and application for medical purpose of radioactive microspheres are reviewed. At first, the theory of radioem- bolization treating cancer is discussed; and then three major radiolabled micro- sphere materials are expounded: viz. glass, resin-based and polymer-based; Future improvements in the preparation and use of radioactive microspheres are prospected at last. (authors)

Review: microspheres for radioembolization therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mingqiang, Zhao; Shuhe, Xu [China Inst. of Atomic Energy, Beijing (China)

2007-12-15

Radioembolization of liver cancer has been proven to be an effective therapy in nuclear medicine. The yttrium-90 glass microspheres has been used to treat both primary and metastatic liver tumors in clinic which shown encouraging results. The preparation, stability, degradation and application for medical purpose of radioactive microspheres are reviewed. At first, the theory of radioem- bolization treating cancer is discussed; and then three major radiolabled micro- sphere materials are expounded: viz. glass, resin-based and polymer-based; Future improvements in the preparation and use of radioactive microspheres are prospected at last. (authors)

Refining of fossil resin flotation concentrate from western coal. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jensen, G.F.; Miller, J.D.

1995-02-16

During the past several years, significant research efforts have been made to develop process technology for the selective flotation of fossil resin from western coals. As a result of these efforts, several new flotation technologies have been developed. Operation of a proof-of-concept continuous flotation circuit showed the selective flotation process to be sufficiently profitable to justify the development of a fossil resin industry. However, little attention has been given to the refining of the fossil resin flotation concentrate although solvent refining is a critical step for the fossil resin to become a marketable product. In view of this situation, DOE funded this two-year project to evaluate the following aspects of the fossil resin refining technology: 1) Characterization of the fossil resin flotation concentrate and its refined products; 2) Kinetics of fossil resin extraction; 3) Effects of operating variables on solvent extraction; 4) Extraction solvents; 5) Proof-of-concept continuous refining tests; and 6) Technical and economic analysis. The results from this research effort have led to the following conclusions: Hexane- or heptane-refined fossil resin has a light-yellow color, a melting point of 140 - 142{degrees}C, a density of 1.034 gram/cm, and good solubility in nonpolar solvents. Among the four solvents evaluated (hexane, heptane, toluene and ethyl acetate), hexane is the most appropriate solvent based on overall technical and economic considerations. Batch extraction tests and kinetic studies suggest that the main interaction between the resin and the solvent is expected to be the forces associated with solvation phenomena. Temperature has the most significant effect on extraction rate. With hexane as the solvent, a recovery of 90% cam be achieved at 50{degrees}C and 10% solids concentration with moderate agitation for 1 hour.

Thermal decomposition of yttrium(III) valerate in argon

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude; Yue, Zhao; Tang, Xiao

2014-01-01

The thermal decomposition of yttrium(III) valerate (Y(C4H9CO2)3) was studied in argon by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, in-situ synchrotron diffraction and hot-stage microscopy as well as room temperature optical microscopy. Melting...

Development of volume-reduction system for ion exchange resin using inductively coupled plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujisawa, Morio; Katagiri, Genichi

2002-01-01

The spent ion exchange resin generated as radioactive waste in water purifying system at nuclear power stations or related facilities of nuclear power has been stored in the site, and its volume has been increasing year by year. We had developed a full-scale system of IC plasma volume-reduction system for the spent resin, and have performed basic performance test using some samples imitating the spent resin. As the results, the imitation of the resin can be reduced in volume by more than 90% so that the processing performance in actual scale was proved to be effective. In addition, it was clarified that the residuum after volume-reduction process is easy to mix with cement, and solidity containing 30wt% residuum provides high strength of 68 MPa. Therefore, we evaluate the application of this process to stabilization of the disposal to be very effective. (author)

Mechanical properties of silorane-based and methacrylate-based composite resins after artificial aging.

Science.gov (United States)

de Castro, Denise Tornavoi; Lepri, César Penazzo; Valente, Mariana Lima da Costa; dos Reis, Andréa Cândido

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength of a silorane-based composite resin (Filtek P90) to that of conventional composite resins (Charisma, Filtek Z250, Fill Magic, and NT Premium) before and after accelerated artificial aging (AAA). For each composite resin, 16 cylindrical specimens were prepared and divided into 2 groups. One group underwent analysis of compressive strength in a universal testing machine 24 hours after preparation, and the other was subjected first to 192 hours of AAA and then the compressive strength test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05). Some statistically significant differences in compressive strength were found among the commercial brands (P aging. Comparison of each material before and after AAA revealed that the aging process did not influence the compressive strength of the tested resins (P = 0.785).

The reactive element effect of yttrium and yttrium silicon on high temperature oxidation of NiCrAl coating

Science.gov (United States)

Ramandhany, S.; Sugiarti, E.; Desiati, R. D.; Martides, E.; Junianto, E.; Prawara, B.; Sukarto, A.; Tjahjono, A.

2018-03-01

The microstructure formed on the bond coat affects the oxidation resistance, particularly the formation of a protective oxide layer. The adhesion of bond coat and TGO increased significantly by addition of reactive element. In the present work, the effect of yttrium and yttrium silicon as reactive element (RE) on NiCrAl coating was investigated. The NiCrAl (without RE) and NiCrAlX (X:Y or YSi) bond coating were deposited on Hastelloy C-276 substrate by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) method. Isothermal oxidation was carried out at 1000 °C for 100 hours. The results showed that the addition of RE could prevent the breakaway oxidation. Therefore, the coating with reactive element were more protective against high temperature oxidation. Furthermore, the oxidation rate of NiCrAlY coating was lower than NiCrAlYSi coating with the total mass change was ±2.394 mg/cm2 after 100 hours of oxidation. The thickness of oxide scale was approximately 1.18 μm consisting of duplex oxide scale of spinel NiCr2O4 in outer scale and protective α-Al2O3 in inner scale.

Method of growing yttrium aluminate and/or lanthanide single crystals with perovskite structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kvapil, Jiri; Perner, B.; Kvapil, Josef; Blazek, K.

1989-01-01

Single crystals of yttrium aluminate and/or lanthanide with perovskite structure are grown from melt in a vacuum at a pressure of gas residues of max. 0.01 Pa. The melt contains 1±0.05 gram-ions of aluminium per gram-ion of yttrium and/or lanthanides. The single crystals are then heated in a vacuum (0.01 Pa) at temperatures of 1,450 to 1,800 degC for 2 to 3 hours. (B.S.)

The Technique and Dosimetry of Pituitary Implantation Using Sources of Y{sup 90}; Technique et Dosimetrie de l'Implantation de Sources d'Yttrium-90 dans l'Hypophyse; ДОЗИМЕТРИЯ ИМПЛАНТИРОВАННЫХ В ГИПОФИЗ ИГЛ ИТТРИЯ-90; Dosimetria de la Implantacion de Fuentes de {sup 90}Y en la Hipofisis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duggan, Mary H.; Jones, E.; Mallard, J. R. [Department of Physics, Hammersmith Hospital, London (United Kingdom); Joplin, G. F. [Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Medical School, London (United Kingdom)

1963-03-15

Pituitary ablation by needle implantation of Y{sup 90} is finding increasing use in the treatment of breast and prostatic cancer, as well as diabetic retinopathy, Cushing's disease, acromegaly, and perhaps exophthalmos in Graves' disease. Yttrium-90 is the most suitable radioisotope when complete ablation of the gland is sought. This is because only {beta}-particles are emitted, the maximum range (7mm) of which is comparable with the dimensions of the gland. The implantation of rods of standard activity into the gland, irrespective of its size, does not permit a standard dose level to be delivered to the gland and the method of implantation is to select the size and activity of the source to fit the dimensions of the gland in question. Thus consistency in procedure may be attempted from one implant to another. The shape of the gland and the mode of access to it is such that complete destruction may conveniently be obtained by implanting two.sources. Each source is a rod of sintered Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}, (2-mm diam., and of length cut to suit the individual gland length). The rod activity is also selected to suit the gland dimensions: typically, it is from 2 to 3 me. Radiation dose has been experimentally related to geometry and activity. Mix D wax is used as the tissue- equivalent absorber, film as the detector and a calibrated Sr{sup 90} source (which decays into Y{sup 90}) as the standard. One outcome of this work is that the pituitary gland requires a radiation dose of between 100 000 and 200 000 rad for necrosis and ablation. (author) [French] L'ablation de l'hypophyse par implantation d'aiguilles a l'yttrium-90 est de plus en plus utilisee dans le traitement du cancer du sein et de la prostate, comme dans celui de la retinite diabetique, de la maladie de Cushing, de l'acromegalie, et peut-etre de l'exophthalmie associee a la maladie de Graves. Lorsqu'on recherche l'ablation totale de la glande, l'yttrium- 90 est le radioisotope qui donne les meilleurs resultats

Electrochemical corrosion of lanthanum chromite and yttrium chromite in coal slag

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marchant, D.D.; Bates, J.L.

1981-01-01

Lanthanum chromites have long been considered as electrodes for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator channels. These chromites, when doped with divalent ions such as Ca, Mg or Sr, have adequate electronic and electrical conductivity (2), and melting points greater than 2500/sup 0/K. However, above approx. 1850/sup 0/K, selective vapor loss of chromium results in the formation of a La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ phase. The La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is hydroscopic at room temperature, resulting in a large volume change and loss of mechanical integrity when exposed to H/sub 2/O. The analogous yttrium chromites have thermal and electrical properties similar to that for the lanthanum chromites. Although vapor loss of Cr results in the formation of Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/, this oxide does not hydrate. Corrosion studies of yttrium chromite compositions show that doped YCrO/sub 3/ may be a viable MHD electrode. An electrochemical corrosion study of both magnesium-doped lanthanum and yttrium chromites in synthetic coal slag electrolytes is described. Possible chemical and electrochemical degradation phenomena, as well as the relative rates of corrosion are emphasized.

Geographical distribution of 90Sr contamination in Poland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaca, P.; Mietelski, J.W.; Skwarzec, B.

2006-01-01

The paper presents results on determination of 90 Sr in bilberry and cowberry leaves (Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and the use of these plants as bio-monitors of radiostrontium contamination in Poland. Radiostrontium was determined by mean of liquid scintillation spectrometry preceded by radiochemical separation using Sr-resin and 85 Sr tracer. The approximate map of 90 Sr contamination of Poland is presented. The activity ratio between 90 Sr and obtained earlier data for 137 Cs in the same samples is discussed. The enhancement of radiostrontium content observed in northeastern Poland seems to be the trace of hot-particles fallout from initial Chernobyl cloud, which passed over Polish territory toward Scandinavia. (orig.)

High performance yttrium-doped BSCF hollow fibre membranes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haworth, P.; Smart, S.; Glasscock, Julie

2012-01-01

measurements in air was similar for both compositions, suggesting that the higher oxygen fluxes obtained for BSCFY hollow fibres could be attributed to the higher non-stoichiometry due to yttrium addition to the BSCF crystal structure. In addition, the improvement of oxygen fluxes for small wall thickness (∼0...

Bond strength durability of self-etching adhesives and resin cements to dentin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina de Andrade Lima Chaves

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS of one- (Xeno III, Dentsply and two-step (Tyrian-One Step Plus, Bisco self-etching adhesive systems bonded to dentin and cemented to chemically cured (C&B Metabond or light-cured paste of a dual-cure resin cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar within a short (24 h and long period of evaluation (90 days. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty recently extracted human molars had their roots removed and their occlusal dentin exposed and ground wet with 600-grit SiC paper. After application of one of the adhesives, the resin cement was applied to the bonded surface and a composite resin block was incrementally built up to a height of 5 mm (n=10. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 7 days. The teeth were then cut along two axes (x and y, producing beam-shaped specimens with 0.8 mm² cross-sectional area, which were subjected to µTBS testing at a crosshead speed of 0.05 mm/min and stressed to failure after 24 h or 90 days of storage in water. The µTBS data in MPa were subjected to three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α= 0.05. RESULTS: The interaction effect for all three factors was statistically significant (three-way ANOVA, p<0.001. All eight experimental means (MPa were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05 and the following results were obtained: Tyrian-One Step Plus /C&B/24 h (22.4±7.3; Tyrian-One Step Plus /Variolink II/24 h (39.4±11.6; Xeno III/C&B/24 h (40.3±12.9; Xeno III/Variolink II/24 h (25.8±10.5; Tyrian-One Step Plus /C&B/90 d (22.1±12.8 Tyrian-One Step Plus/VariolinkII/90 d (24.2±14.2; Xeno III/C&B/90 d (27.0±13.5; Xeno III/Variolink II/90 d (33.0±8.9. CONCLUSIONS: Xeno III/Variolink II was the luting agent/adhesive combination that provided the most promising bond strength after 90 days of storage in water.

Quantum design and synthesis of a boron-oxygen-yttrium phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Music, Denis; Chirita, Valeriu; Kreissig, Ulrich; Czigany, Zsolt; Schneider, Jochen M.; Helmersson, Ulf

2003-01-01

Ab initio calculations are used to design a crystalline boron-oxygen-yttrium (BOY) phase. The essential constituent is yttrium substituting for oxygen in the boron suboxide structure (BO 0.17 ) with Y/B and O/B ratios of 0.07. The calculations predict that the BOY phase is 0.36 eV/atom more stable than crystalline BO 0.17 and experiments confirm the formation of crystalline thin films. The BOY phase was synthesized with reactive rf magnetron sputtering and identified with x-ray and selected area electron diffraction. Films with Y/B ratios ranging from 0.10 to 0.32, as determined via elastic recoil detection analysis, were grown over a wide range of temperatures (300-600 deg. C) and found to withstand 1000 deg. C

Fabrication and electrical characterization of 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate-nitrate freeze drying method combined with vacuum heating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imashuku, Susumu; Uda, Tetsuya; Nose, Yoshitaro; Awakura, Yasuhiro

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Very fine 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate powder of particle size about 30 nm was obtained by synthesizing at 500 deg. C in vacuum from powder mixed by the nitrate freeze-drying method. → Large and homogeneous grains of 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate were easily obtained using the synthesized powder. → Grain boundary resistance was not inversely proportional to the grain size as theoretically expected. → Specific grain boundary conductivity varies with samples because impurities and/or evaporation loss of barium oxide might affect the grain-boundary resistance in 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate. - Abstract: We applied a nitrate freeze-drying method to obtain a fine synthesized powder of 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate. Fine 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate powder of particle size about 30 nm was obtained by synthesizing at 500 deg. C in vacuum from a powder mixed by the nitrate freeze-drying method. However, we could not obtain such fine powder by synthesizing in air. Using the powder synthesized in vacuum, large and homogeneous grains of 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate were easily obtained after sintering. Then, the bulk and grain boundary resistance were evaluated by AC 2-terminal measurement of sample in the form of bar and pellet and DC 4-terminal measurement of bar-shape sample. The grain boundary resistance was not inversely proportional to the grain size as theoretically expected. We concluded that specific grain boundary conductivity varies with samples. Some impurities, evaporation loss of barium oxide and/or other unexpected reasons might affect the grain boundary resistance in 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate.

Thermal decomposition of Yttrium(III) isovalerate in argon

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude; Yue, Zhao; Tang, Xiao

2016-01-01

The thermal behaviour of yttrium(III) isovalerate (Y(C4H9CO2)3) was studied in argon by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, FTIR-spectroscopy, hot-stage optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction with a laboratory Cu-tube source as well as with a synchrotron radiation source...

Determination of 90Sr by liquid scintillation counting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cerchetti, Maria L.; Aghazarian, V.P.

2006-01-01

99m Tc, the result of the radioactive decay of 99 Mo, is one of the most applied radioisotopes in nuclear medicine and is used in nuclear medicine as a radiopharmaceutical product. It is important to ensure 99 Mo quality in order to fit the 99m Tc quality specifications. The main objective was to obtain a technique for 90 Sr determination in 99 Mo and environmental samples. The purification of 90 Sr is performed by extraction chromatography where crown-ether resin (Sr-Spec, Eichrom) was used. The measurement of the 90 Sr activity is performed by Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) using the double windows method. This method permits the 90 Sr determination without waiting until radiochemical equilibrium 90 Sr / 90 Y has been reached. The recovery factor was determined by gamma spectrometry with 85 Sr, and by gravimetry with stable strontium carrier solution. The minimum detectable activity was 0,05 Bq. The recovery factor was the major contribution in the total uncertainty. (author)

The effect of yttrium substitution on the magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mozaffari, M.; Amighian, J.; Tavakoli, R.

2015-01-01

Superparamagnetic Y-substituted magnetite (Y x Fe 3–x O 4 ,with x=0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.40) nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal reduction route in the presence of citric acid. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and gradient field thermomagnetic measurement. The results showed that a minimum amount of citric acid is required to obtain single phase Y-substituted magnetite nanoparticles. Citric acid acts as a modulator and reducing agent in the formation of spinel structure and controls nanoparticle size and crystallinity. Mean crystallite sizes of the single-phase powders were estimated by Williamson–Hall method. Curie temperature measurement of the samples shows that as yttrium content increases, the Curie temperature decreases. Magnetic measurements show that the saturation magnetization of the samples decreases as x increases up to 0.15 and then increases to x=0.20 and finally decreases again for x=0.40. - Highlights: • Single phase yttrium substituted magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal-reduction route. • Citric acid plays a key role in reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ , which is necessary for the formation of magnetite phase. • It is possible to substitute yttrium ions for iron ones as high as x=0.4 by hydrothermal reduction route. • Pure magnetite nanoparticles prepared by this route has a high saturation magnetization. • Yttrium substituted magnetite nanoparticles are superparamagnet at room temperature

Tribological effects of yttrium and nitrogen ion implantation on a precipitation hardening stainless steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alonso, F.; Arizaga, A.; Garcia, A.; Onate, J.I.

1994-01-01

Yttrium, nitrogen and combined yttrium and nitrogen implantations have been carried out on an ASTM A286 precipitation hardening iron base alloy to evaluate the benefits in their tribological behaviour. Microindentation tests have shown a significant 20%-60% increment in hardness on the nitrogen implanted material, with a limited improvement in elastic recovery of the indentation. An abrasive test on the same material has also produced a 50% reduction in scratch depth. Y + and Y + +N + implantations also hardened the material but to a lesser extent. Reciprocating ball on disk friction and wear testing at 400 C resulted in very severe damage in all cases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses combined with Ar sputtering have disclosed that nitrogen is mainly in a nitrided form, yttrium remains oxidized at the surface, below which there is an apparent increase in the metallic bond. ((orig.))

Casting granular ion exchange resins with medium-active waste in cement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beijer, O.

1980-01-01

Medium active waste from nuclear power stations in Sweden is trapped in granular ion exchange resins. The resin is mixed with cement paste and cast in a concrete shell which is cubic and has an edge dimension of 1.2 m. In some cases the ion exchange cement mortar has cracked. The report presents laboratory sutdies of the properties of the ion exchange resin and the mortar. Also the leaching of the moulds has been investigated. It was shown that a mixture with a water cement ratio higher than about 0.5 swells considerably during the first weeks after casting. The diffusion constant for cesium 137 has been determined at 3.10 -4 cm 2 /24-hour period in conjunction with exposure of the mould and mortar to sea water. The Swedish language report has 400 pages with 90 figures and 30 tables. (author)

Quantitative description of yttrium aluminate ceramic composition by means of Er+3 microluminescence spectrum

Science.gov (United States)

Videla, F. A.; Tejerina, M. R.; Moreira-Osorio, L.; Conconi, M. S.; Orzi, D. J. O.; Flores, T.; Ponce, L. V.; Bilmes, G. M.; Torchia, G. A.

2018-05-01

The composition of erbium-doped yttrium aluminate ceramics was analyzed by means of confocal luminescence spectroscopy, EDX, and X-ray diffraction. A well-defined linear correlation was found between a proposed estimator computed from the luminescence spectrum and the proportion of ceramic phases coexisting in different samples. This result shows the feasibility of using erbium luminescence spectroscopy to perform a quantitative determination of different phases of yttrium aluminates within a micrometric region in nanograined ceramics.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-Labeled Fully Human Anti-Transferrin Receptor Monoclonal Antibody in Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Models.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aya Sugyo

Full Text Available Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive tumor and the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, development of more effective therapy is needed. We previously reported that 89Zr-labeled TSP-A01, an antibody against transferrin receptor (TfR, is highly accumulated in a pancreatic cancer xenograft, but not in major normal organs. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT with 90Y-TSP-A01 in pancreatic cancer mouse models.TfR expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, MIAPaCa-2 was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. 111In-labeled anti-TfR antibodies (TSP-A01, TSP-A02 were evaluated in vitro by cell binding assay with the three cell lines and by competitive inhibition assay with MIAPaCa-2. In vivo biodistribution was evaluated in mice bearing BxPC-3 and MIAPaCa-2 xenografts. Tumor volumes of BxPC-3 and MIAPaCa-2 were sequentially measured after 90Y-TSP-A01 injection and histological analysis of tumors was conducted.MIAPaCa-2 cells showed the highest TfR expression, followed by AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. 111In-TSP-A01 and 111In-TSP-A02 bound specifically to the three cell lines according to TfR expression. The dissociation constants for TSP-A01, DOTA-TSP-A01, TSP-A02, and DOTA-TSP-A02 were 0.22, 0.28, 0.17, and 0.22 nM, respectively. 111In-TSP-A01 was highly accumulated in tumors, especially in MIAPaCa-2, but this was not true of 111In-TSP-A02. The absorbed dose for 90Y-TSP-A01 was estimated to be 8.3 Gy/MBq to BxPC-3 and 12.4 Gy/MBq to MIAPaCa-2. MIAPaCa-2 tumors treated with 3.7 MBq of 90Y-TSP-A01 had almost completely disappeared around 3 weeks after injection and regrowth was not observed. Growth of BxPC-3 tumors was inhibited by 3.7 MBq of 90Y-TSP-A01, but the tumor size was not reduced.90Y-TSP-A01 treatment achieved an almost complete response in MIAPaCa-2 tumors, whereas it merely inhibited the growth of BxPC-3 tumors. 90Y-TSP-A01 is a promising RIT agent for pancreatic cancer, although further

Multicenter phase II study of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierce K H Chow

Full Text Available The safety and tolerability of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib therapy is unknown. An open-label, single arm, investigator-initiated Phase II study (NCT0071279 was conducted at four Asia-Pacific centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC not amenable to curative therapies.Sorafenib (400 mg twice-daily was initiated 14 days post-radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y resin microspheres given as a single procedure. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability and best overall response rate (ORR using RECIST v1.0.Secondary endpoints included: disease control rate (complete [CR] plus partial responses [PR] and stable disease [SD] and overall survival (OS.Twenty-nine patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC stage B (38% or C (62% HCC received a median of 3.0 GBq (interquartile range, 1.0 90Y-microspheres followed by sorafenib (median dose/day, 600.0 mg; median duration, 4.1 months. Twenty eight patients experienced ≥1 toxicity; 15 (52% grade ≥3. Best ORR was 25%, including 2 (7% CR and 5 (18% PR, and 15 (54% SD. Disease control was 100% and 65% in BCLC stage B and C, respectively. Two patients (7% had sufficient response to enable radical therapy. Median survivals for BCLC stage B and C were 20.3 and 8.6 months, respectively.This study shows the potential efficacy and manageable toxicity of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00712790.

Antibodies and isotopes, a chemical approach to tumour targeting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaughan, A.T.M.; Yankuba, S.C.S.; Anderson, P.

1986-01-01

In this study, scandium-47 and yttrium-90 have been used as representatives of potential cytotoxic labels. Both isotopes have a high yield of energetic beta particles and half-lives of the same order as indium-111. In addition they are both members of Group III and so may be used as a base for chemical comparisons in the future with radiotoxic isotopes from other chemical groups

Yttrium-86-labelled human serum albumin microspheres: relation of surface structure with in vivo stability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiller, Eik; Bergmann, Ralf; Pietzsch, Jens; Noll, Bernhard; Sterger, Antje; Johannsen, Bernd; Wunderlich, Gerd; Pietzsch, Hans-Juergen

2008-01-01

Introduction: Radiolabelled particles are an attractive tool in the therapy of malignancies of the liver. We consider particles manufactured from denatured human serum albumin (HSA) as useful carriers of therapeutic radionuclides. Covalent attachment of suitable chelators onto the surface of the spheres promises an easy access to radiolabelled HSA microspheres. Methods: We synthesized 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) bearing smooth, medium-rough and rough surfaced HSA microspheres (mean diameter: 25 μm). In vitro stability of 86 Y-labelled particles was determined after incubation in human plasma and in a DTPA challenge experiment. In vivo stability of 86 Y DOTA-HSA microspheres was determined after single intravenous application in rats. Subsequently, the particles were completely trapped in the lung microvasculature. Thus, the lung serves in our experiments as target organ. Results: DOTA-HSA microspheres were 86 Y labelled in reproducible high yields (>95%). No differences between smooth and rough surfaced spheres were found for both DOTA coupling and 86 Y labelling. Labelled microspheres showed high in vitro stability in human plasma and in DTPA solution with only 8±1% and 2±0% loss of radioactivity from the surface, respectively, 48 h postinjection (pi). The three batches (smooth, medium-rough and rough surfaced microspheres) differed considerably in their radioactivity recovery in the lungs of rats 48 h pi. Smooth particles showed the highest in vivo stability of the radiolabel on the surface of the spheres, presumably because of slower proteolytic degradation. Conclusion: We found that for the preparation of HSA-derived microspheres for radiotherapeutic application, smooth surfaced spheres are superior to rough spheres due to their higher in vivo stability of the radionuclide fixation

Determination methods of the 90Sr in a sample of contaminated water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ometakova, J.; Silvia Dulanska, S.

2009-01-01

The aim of this work was a comparison of selected products from the point of view of the amount of strontium yields, time needed and possibility of multiple use of sorbents. Three commercial products: 3M Empore Stroncium Rad Disk, AnaLig , Sr-Resin and two classical methods: liquid-liquid extraction with tributylphosphate and carbonate coprecipitation (to eliminate interferents) were used for separation of 90 Sr. The model sample was used in radiochemical analysis to check multiple use of 3M Em-pore Stroncium Rad Disk a AnaLig. A radiochemical strontium yield was traced by using radionuclide 85 Sr. The model sample was also used to optimize conditions of strontium separation. The results were used for 90 Sr determination from a sample of permeating groundwater from a supervised zone of a Nuclear Power Plant Jaslovske Bohunice. We have found out that 90 Sr separation with sorbents AnaLig Sr-01, 3M Empore Sr Rad Disk is as effective as with sorbent Sr-Resin in matrices of contaminated water. (authors)

Preparation of polycrystalline lithium-yttrium fluoride for subsequent mono crystallization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kowalczyk, E.; Radomski, J.; Diduszko, R.; Iwanejko, J.; Kowalczyk, Z.; Grasza, K.

1994-01-01

High purity lithium-yttrium (YLF) doped with rare earth elements (Nd, Pr, Ho or Tm) was obtained in a two-stage synthesis consisting of (1) reaction of ammonium fluoride with a mixture of lithium carbonate, yttrium oxide, and oxides of lanthanides, and (2) heating of the obtained reaction products at a temperature of about 700 C in an inert gas atmosphere. The phase and chemical purities of the obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry techniques. Single crystal growth tests were carried out by means of the Bridgman method. The results showed that the proposed method for manufacture of polycrystalline YLF doped with rare earth elements is appropriate in principle but some parameters of the preparation process are to be more strictly defined. (author). 9 refs, 4 figs, 1 tab

Preparation of polycrystalline lithium-yttrium fluoride for subsequent mono crystallization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kowalczyk, E.; Radomski, J.; Diduszko, R.; Iwanejko, J. [Institute of Vacuum Technology, Warsaw (Poland); Kowalczyk, Z. [Warsaw Univ. (Poland); Grasza, K. [Polska Akademia Nauk, Warsaw (Poland). Inst. Fizyki

1994-12-31

High purity lithium-yttrium (YLF) doped with rare earth elements (Nd, Pr, Ho or Tm) was obtained in a two-stage synthesis consisting of (1) reaction of ammonium fluoride with a mixture of lithium carbonate, yttrium oxide, and oxides of lanthanides, and (2) heating of the obtained reaction products at a temperature of about 700 C in an inert gas atmosphere. The phase and chemical purities of the obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry techniques. Single crystal growth tests were carried out by means of the Bridgman method. The results showed that the proposed method for manufacture of polycrystalline YLF doped with rare earth elements is appropriate in principle but some parameters of the preparation process are to be more strictly defined. (author). 9 refs, 4 figs, 1 tab.

Studies on the preparation of labelled compounds for γ-scintigraphy use

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jae Rok; Park, Kyung Bae; Awh, Ok Doo

1991-03-01

To develop 99m Tc instant labelling kit of d,1-HMPAO and 131 I labelled IMP for the regional cerebral blood flow scintigraphic use, d,1-HMPAO and IMP were synthesized. The former was prepared from 2,3-butadione monoxim and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine in the presence of cation exchange resin, and then selective reduction of imine bond with sodium borohydride followed by fractional crystallization of diastereometric mixture of HMPAO. The latter was prepared by condensation of p-iodophenylpropanone with isopropylamine, and then reduction of double bond with sodium borohydride. For the preparation of 99m Tc labelled HSA, experiments on incorporation of bifunctional chelating agent of DTPA to HSA, establishment of optimal conditions of 99m Tc labelling, determination of labelling yield and radiochemical purity, and examination of stability were carried out. (Author)

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structures and photoluminescence properties of mixed europium–yttrium organic frameworks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han Yinfeng; Fu Lianshe; Mafra, Luís; Shi, Fa-Nian

2012-01-01

Three mixed europium–yttrium organic frameworks: Eu 2−x Y x (Mel)(H 2 O) 6 (Mel=mellitic acid or benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acid, x=0.38 1, 0.74 2, and 0.86 3) have been synthesized and characterized. All the compounds contain a 3-D net with (4, 8)-flu topology. The study indicates that the photoluminescence properties are effectively affected by the different ratios of europium and yttrium ions, the quantum efficiency is increased and the Eu 3+ lifetime becomes longer in these MOFs than those of the Eu analog. - Graphical abstract: Three mixed europium and yttrium organic frameworks: Eu 2−x Y x (Mel)(H 2 O) 6 (Mel=mellitic acid) have been synthesized and characterized. All the compounds contain a 3-D net with (4, 8)-flu topology. The study indicates that the photoluminescence properties are effectively affected by the different ratios of europium and yttrium ions, the quantum efficiency is increased and the Eu 3+ lifetime becomes longer in these MOFs than those of the Eu analog. Highlights: ► Three (4, 8)-flu topological mixed Eu and Y MOFs were synthesized under mild conditions. ► Metal ratios were refined by the single crystal data consistent with the EDS analysis. ► Mixed Eu and Y MOFs show longer lifetime and higher quantum efficiency than the Eu analog. ► Adding inert lanthanide into luminescent MOFs enlarges the field of luminescent MOFs.

Thermal decomposition of yttrium(III) hexanoate in argon

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude; Suarez Guevara, Maria Josefina; Attique, Fahmida

2015-01-01

The thermal decomposition of yttrium(III) hexanoate (Y(C5H11CO2)3)·xH2O in argon was studied by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction at a laboratory Cu-tube source and in-situ experiments at a synchrotron radiation source as well as hot...

Yttrium Nitrate mediated Nitration of Phenols at room temperature in ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The described method is selective for phenols. ... the significant cause of post translational modification that can ... decades, significant attention was paid on nitration of phenols to .... Progress of the reaction can be noted visually. Yttrium.

Yttrium 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenoate used as inhibitor against copper alloy corrosion in 0.1 M NaCl solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nam, Nguyen Dang; Thang, Vo Quoc; Hoai, Nguyen To; Hien, Pham Van

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Yttrium 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenoate has been studied as an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper. • A high inhibition performance is attributed to the forming protective inhibiting deposits. • Yttrium 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenoate mitigates corrosion by promoting random distribution of minor anodes. - Abstract: Yttrium 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenoate has been studied as an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper alloy in 0.1 M chloride solution. The results show that the surface of copper alloy coupons exposed to solutions containing 0.45 mM yttrium 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenoate had no signs of corrosion attack due to protective film formation, whereas the surface of copper alloy coupons exposed to non-inhibitor and lower concentrations of yttrium 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenoate containing solutions were severely corroded. A high inhibition performance is attributed to the forming protective inhibiting deposits that slow down the electrochemical corrosion reactions and mitigate corrosion by promoting random distribution of minor anodes.

Hydrogen sensor based on palladium-yttrium alloy nanosheet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Boyi [Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111 (Australia); Zhu, Yong, E-mail: y.zhu@griffith.edu.au [Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111 (Australia); Chen, Youping; Song, Han; Huang, Pengcheng [School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 (China); Dao, Dzung Viet [Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111 (Australia)

2017-06-15

This paper presents a hydrogen sensor based on palladium-yttrium (Pd-Y) alloy nanosheet. Zigzag-shaped Pd-Y nanosheet with a thickness of 19.3 nm was deposited on a quartz substrate by using an ultrahigh-vacuum magnetron sputtering system and shadow mask. The atomic ratio of palladium to yttrium in the nanosheet was 0.92/0.08. The fabrication process was simple and low-cost, and the sensor can be mass-produced. The experimental results show the sensor has a superior sensitivity, reversibility, and reproducibility. The resistive-based hydrogen detection mechanism in this research is much simpler and more compact compared to the optical-based detection method. - Highlights: • Pd-Y sensing element was fabricated using a magnetron sputtering system and shadow mask. • The Pd-Y compound consisted of 92% Pd and 8% Y. • The fabrication process was simple, low-cost, and mass-production compatible. • The sensor showed superior sensitivity, reversibility, and reproducibility to hydrogen gas. • The device is more compact than the optical-based counterpart.

Hydrogen sensor based on palladium-yttrium alloy nanosheet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Boyi; Zhu, Yong; Chen, Youping; Song, Han; Huang, Pengcheng; Dao, Dzung Viet

2017-01-01

This paper presents a hydrogen sensor based on palladium-yttrium (Pd-Y) alloy nanosheet. Zigzag-shaped Pd-Y nanosheet with a thickness of 19.3 nm was deposited on a quartz substrate by using an ultrahigh-vacuum magnetron sputtering system and shadow mask. The atomic ratio of palladium to yttrium in the nanosheet was 0.92/0.08. The fabrication process was simple and low-cost, and the sensor can be mass-produced. The experimental results show the sensor has a superior sensitivity, reversibility, and reproducibility. The resistive-based hydrogen detection mechanism in this research is much simpler and more compact compared to the optical-based detection method. - Highlights: • Pd-Y sensing element was fabricated using a magnetron sputtering system and shadow mask. • The Pd-Y compound consisted of 92% Pd and 8% Y. • The fabrication process was simple, low-cost, and mass-production compatible. • The sensor showed superior sensitivity, reversibility, and reproducibility to hydrogen gas. • The device is more compact than the optical-based counterpart.

Enhanced DOC removal using anion and cation ion exchange resins.

Science.gov (United States)

Arias-Paic, Miguel; Cawley, Kaelin M; Byg, Steve; Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando L

2016-01-01

Hardness and DOC removal in a single ion exchange unit operation allows for less infrastructure, is advantageous for process operation and depending on the water source, could enhance anion exchange resin removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Simultaneous application of cationic (Plus) and anionic (MIEX) ion exchange resin in a single contact vessel was tested at pilot and bench scales, under multiple regeneration cycles. Hardness removal correlated with theoretical predictions; where measured hardness was between 88 and 98% of the predicted value. Comparing bench scale DOC removal of solely treating water with MIEX compared to Plus and MIEX treated water showed an enhanced DOC removal, where removal was increased from 0.5 to 1.25 mg/L for the simultaneous resin application compared to solely applying MIEX resin. A full scale MIEX treatment plant (14.5 MGD) reduced raw water DOC from 13.7 mg/L to 4.90 mg/L in the treated effluent at a bed volume (BV) treatment rate of 800, where a parallel operation of a simultaneous MIEX and Plus resin pilot (10 gpm) measured effluent DOC concentrations of no greater than 3.4 mg/L, even at bed volumes of treatment 37.5% greater than the full scale plant. MIEX effluent compared to simultaneous Plus and MIEX effluent resulted in differences in fluorescence intensity that correlated to decreases in DOC concentration. The simultaneous treatment of Plus and MIEX resin produced water with predominantly microbial character, indicating the enhanced DOC removal was principally due to increased removal of terrestrially derived organic matter. The addition of Plus resin to a process train with MIEX resin allows for one treatment process to remove both DOC and hardness, where a single brine waste stream can be sent to sewer at a full-scale plant, completely removing lime chemical addition and sludge waste disposal for precipitative softening processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Mechanical Properties of Surface-Charged Poly(Methyl Methacrylate as Denture Resins

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sang E. Park

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to examine the mechanical properties of a new surface-modified denture resin for its suitability as denture base material. This experimental resin is made by copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MA to poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA to produce a negative charge. Four experimental groups consisted of Orthodontic Dental Resin (DENTSPLY Caulk as a control and three groups of modified PMMA (mPMMA produced at differing ratios of methacrylic acid (5 : 95, 10 : 90, and 20 : 80 MA : MMA. A 3-point flexural test using the Instron Universal Testing Machine (Instron Corp. measured force-deflection curves and a complete stress versus strain history to calculate the transverse strength, transverse deflection, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. Analysis of Variance and Scheffe Post-test were performed on the data. Resins with increased methacrylic acid content exhibited lower strength values for the measured physical properties. The most significant decrease occurred as the methacrylic acid content was increased to 20% mPMMA. No significant differences at P<.05 were found in all parameters tested between the Control and 5% mPMMA.

Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on bonding property of zirconia ceramics to resin cement.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Yihua; Song, Xiaomeng; Chen, Yaming; Zhu, Qingping; Zhang, Wei

2013-12-01

This study aimed to investigate whether or not an erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser could improve the bonding property of zirconia ceramics to resin cement. Surface treatments can improve the bonding properties of dental ceramics. However, little is known about the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiated on zirconia ceramics. Specimens of zirconia ceramic pieces were made, and randomly divided into 11 groups according to surface treatments, including one control group (no treatment), one air abrasion group, and nine Er:YAG laser groups. The laser groups were subdivided by applying different energy intensities (100, 200, or 300 mJ) and irradiation times (5, 10, or 15 sec). After surface treatments, ceramic pieces had their surface morphology observed, and their surface roughness was measured. All specimens were bonded to resin cement. Shear bond strength was measured after the bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 h, and additionally aged by thermocycling. Statistical analyses were performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test for shear bond strength, and Dunnett's t test for surface roughness, with α=0.05. Er:YAG laser irradiation changed the morphological characteristics of zirconia ceramics. Higher energy intensities (200, 300 mJ) could roughen the ceramics, but also caused surface cracks. There were no significant differences in the bond strength between the control group and the laser groups treated with different energy intensities or irradiation times. Air abrasion with alumina particles induced highest surface roughness and shear bond strength. Er:YAG laser irradiation cannot improve the bonding property of zirconia ceramics to resin cement. Enhancing irradiation intensities and extending irradiation time have no benefit on the bond of the ceramics, and might cause material defect.