WorldWideScience

Sample records for yap state micronesia

  1. Federated States of Micronesia's forest resources, 2006

    Science.gov (United States)

    Joseph A. Donnegan; Sarah L. Butler; Olaf Kuegler; Bruce A. Hiserote

    2011-01-01

    The Forest Inventory and Analysis program collected, analyzed, and summarized field data on 73 forested field plots on the islands of Kosrae, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Estimates of forest area, tree stem volume and biomass, the numbers of trees, tree damages, and the distribution of tree sizes were summarized for this...

  2. Forest pathology in Yap, Palau, Pohnpei, Kosrae, Guam and Saipan, Sept. 2013

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phil Cannon

    2014-01-01

    In September of 2013, an opportunity was seized by the Regional Forest Pathologist to do some work on the following islands in Micronesia and the Marianas: Yap, Palau, Guam, Saipan, Pohnpei, and Kosrae. The principle justification for doing the work at this time was that satellite images showed large areas of dead mangroves on Yap (Liu, pers. com). Many...

  3. Commercial coral-reef fisheries across Micronesia: A need for improving management

    Science.gov (United States)

    Houk, P.; Rhodes, K.; Cuetos-Bueno, J.; Lindfield, S.; Fread, V.; McIlwain, J. L.

    2012-03-01

    A dearth of scientific data surrounding Micronesia's coral-reef fisheries has limited their formal assessment and continues to hinder local and regional management efforts. We approach this problem by comparing catch-based datasets from market landings across Micronesia to evaluate fishery status in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, Yap, and Pohnpei. Initial examinations found that calm weather and low lunar illumination predicted between 6% (Yap) and 30% (CNMI) of the variances in daily commercial landings. Both environmentally driven catch success and daily catch variability increased in accordance with reef-fish demand indices. Subsequent insight from species composition and size-at-capture data supported these findings, highlighting reduced trophic levels and capture sizes where higher human-population-per-reef-area existed. Among the 12-15 target species and/or species complexes that accounted for 70% of the harvest biomass, capture sizes were consistently smallest for CNMI and Guam, often below the reported mean reproductive sizes. Comparatively, Pohnpei has the greatest potential for reef fisheries, with a large reef area (303 km2) and a moderate human population (34,000 people). However, the estimated harvest volume of 476 mt year-1 was 8-9 times higher than other jurisdictions. Even on Yap where the reef-fish demand index was lowest (67.7 people km-2 reef habitat), many target fish were harvested below their mean reproductive sizes, including the iconic green bumphead parrotfish and humphead wrasse, as well as several other herbivores. We discuss our results with respect to the contemporary doctrine surrounding size-spectra, catch composition, and catch frequencies that afford insight into fishery pressure and status. We posit that regional catch-based policies (initially) instituted at the market level, combined with area and gear-based restrictions, represent plausible vectors for improving Micronesian fisheries.

  4. Carnivorous plants in Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Robert R. Ziemer

    1988-01-01

    Micronesia encompasses about 2,100 islands scattered over some 12 million sq km of the central Pacific between Hawaii and the Philippines. Only about 125 of these small islands are inhabited. The total land area of Micronesia is less than 3,200 sq km, about the size of the state of Rhode Island. The largest island is Guam, with an area of about 540 sq km. There are...

  5. Use of monitoring data to support conservation management and policy decisions in Micronesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montambault, Jensen Reitz; Wongbusarakum, Supin; Leberer, Trina; Joseph, Eugene; Andrew, Wayne; Castro, Fran; Nevitt, Brooke; Golbuu, Yimnang; Oldiais, Noelle W; Groves, Craig R; Kostka, Willy; Houk, Peter

    2015-10-01

    Adaptive management implies a continuous knowledge-based decision-making process in conservation. Yet, the coupling of scientific monitoring and management frameworks remains rare in practice because formal and informal communication pathways are lacking. We examined 4 cases in Micronesia where conservation practitioners are using new knowledge in the form of monitoring data to advance marine conservation. These cases were drawn from projects in Micronesia Challenge jurisdictions that received funding for coupled monitoring-to-management frameworks and encompassed all segments of adaptive management. Monitoring in Helen Reef, Republic of Palau, was catalyzed by coral bleaching and revealed evidence of overfishing that led to increased enforcement and outreach. In Nimpal Channel, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), monitoring the recovery of marine food resources after customary restrictions were put in place led to new, more effective enforcement approaches. Monitoring in Laolao Bay, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, was catalyzed by observable sediment loads from poor land-use practices and resulted in actions that reduced land-based threats, particularly littering and illegal burning, and revealed additional threats from overfishing. Pohnpei (FSM) began monitoring after observed declines in grouper spawning aggregations. This data led to adjusting marine conservation area boundaries and implementing market-based size class restrictions. Two themes emerged from these cases. First, in each case monitoring was conducted in a manner relevant to the social and ecological systems and integrated into the decision-making process. Second, conservation practitioners and scientists in these cases integrated culturally appropriate stakeholder engagement throughout all phases of the adaptive management cycle. More broadly, our study suggests, when describing adaptive management, providing more details on how monitoring and management activities are

  6. The Palau AHEC--academizing the public health work plan: capacity development and innovation in Micronesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dever, Greg; Finau, Sitaleki; Kuartei, Stevenson; Durand, A Mark; Rykken, David; Yano, Victor; Untalan, Pedro; Withy, Kelley; Tellei, Patrick; Baravilala, Wame; Pierantozzi, Sandra; Tellei, Jullie

    2005-03-01

    The Palau Area Health Education Center (AHEC)--a program of the University of Hawaii's John A. Burns School of Medicine (JABSOM) and based at Palau Community College--was established in 2001 in response to the recommendations of the 1998 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report--Pacific Partnerships for Health--Charting a New Course for the 21st Century1. One of IOM's core recommendations was to promote the training of the primary health care workforce among the U.S.-Associated Pacific Islands. Since its inception in 2001, the Palau AHEC has coordinated overall 37 postgraduate and undergraduate courses in General Practice and Public Health taught by the University of Auckland Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and the Fiji School of Medicine's School of Public Health and Primary Care (SPH&PC) in Palau, Yap State, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Currently 139 physicians, nurses, health administrators, and environmental health workers are registered as active students in Palau (58), Yap State (22), and the RMI (59). Notably, the Palau AHEC and the SPH&PC have worked in an innovative partnership with the Palau Ministry of Health to operationalize the MOH's public health work plan to implement a comprehensive community health survey of all 4,376 households in Palau, interviewing 79% of the total population, to determine Palau's health indicators. To accomplish this, the SPH&PC developed and taught a curriculum for Palau physicians and public health nurses on how to design the survey, gather, and analyze data in order to develop and implement appropriately responsive intervention and treatment programs to address Palau's old and newer morbidities. In early FY2005, two other Micronesian AHECs--the Yap State and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands AHECs--were funded through JABSOM administered grants which will also address the primary care training needs of Micronesia's remote and isolated health workforce.

  7. Benchmarking the State of Yap's Education Management Information System. REL 2016-117

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cicchinelli, Louis F.; Kendall, John S.; Dandapani, Nitara

    2016-01-01

    A quality data management system, such as an education management information system (EMIS), a state longitudinal data system, or a data warehouse, is key to ensuring that education policy, planning, and strategy decisions are grounded in accurate information. The chief state school officers of the Federated States of Micronesia have recognized…

  8. Microphthalmia and anophthalmia in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yomai, A A; Pavlin, B I

    2010-04-01

    Microphthalmia ('small eye') and anophthalmia ('no eye') are rare congenital defects of eye development. Previous studies utilizing a variety of methodologies have estimated their combined incidence at anywhere from 4 to 30 cases per 100,000 live births. In Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia, there have been 42 cases detected since 1988, yielding an estimated incidence of 140 cases per 100,000. A number of putative genetic and environmental causes have previously been associated with microphthalmia and anophthalmia, including vitamin A deficiency. To date, it is unclear which of these factors may play a role in the alarmingly high rates observed in Chuuk. The Chuuk Division of Public Health has proposed a study to explore these potential causes, which will hopefully shed light on the prevention of these rare but debilitating conditions.

  9. Areca (betel) nut chewing practices of adults and health behaviors of their children in the Freely Associated States, Micronesia: Findings from the Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paulino, Yvette C; Ettienne, Reynolette; Novotny, Rachel; Wilkens, Lynne R; Shomour, Moria; Sigrah, Cecilia; Remengesau, Shelley D; Johnson, Emihner L; Alfred, Julia M; Gilmatam, Daisy F

    2017-10-01

    Chewing areca (betel) nut has been deemed carcinogenic. The practice has become a public health concern in Micronesia. The Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program included an areca (betel) nut questionnaire in a survey of household characteristics in the Freely Associated States (FAS). This paper describes areca (betel) nut chewing practices of adults and the health behaviors of their children. A cross-section of 1200 children (2-8 year-olds) and their caregivers in Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Republic of Palau, Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Yap were recruited. Socio-demographics, adult areca (betel) nut chewing practices, and other health behaviors of children and adults were assessed. Child anthropometric measurements were collected to estimate weight status. The FAS areca (betel) nut chewing prevalence was 42%, ranging from 3% (RMI) to 94% (Yap). Among chewers, 84% added tobacco, 97% added slaked lime, 85% added betel leaf, and 24% mixed the components with alcohol. Among FAS children, 95% practiced daily teeth-brushing and 53% visited the dentist annually. Compared to non-chewing households, areca (betel) nut chewing households were more likely to have very young children enrolled, more highly educated adults, and members that used tobacco and alcohol. The FAS areca (betel) nut chewing prevalence (42%) is above the world prevalence of 10-20%, with wide variability across the islands. The oral health findings in this study may inform future oral cancer prevention programs or policies. Regular monitoring of areca (betel) nut use is needed to measure the impact of such programs or policies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Erosion and sedimentation control on roads and construction sites in the Federated States of Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Robert R. Ziemer; Walter F. Megahan

    1991-01-01

    Enclosed is the report that Walt Megahan and I prepared following our trip to States of Micronesia. As we discussed earlier, we felt that it was redundant to produce a set of guidelines for road construction since the FAO Conservation Guide 13/5 that was issued in 1989 (ISBN 92-5-102789-X) covers the subject extensively. We felt that we could best tailor this report to...

  11. Climate change in the federated states of Micronesia: Food and water security, climate risk management, and adaptive strategies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fletcher, Charles H.; Richmond, Bruce M.

    2010-01-01

    This is a report of findings following research and a three-week field assessment (April 2009) of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in response to nation-wide marine inundation by extreme tides (December 2007, September 2008, December 2008).3 The study was conducted at the request of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the state and federal governments of FSM.

  12. Energy Transition Initiative: Island Energy Snapshot - Federated States of Micronesia; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    None

    2015-06-01

    This profile provides a snapshot of the energy landscape of the Federated States of Micronesia, a sovereign nation and U.S.-associated state in the western Pacific Ocean. The Federated States of Micronesia’s electricity rates for residential customers exceed $0.48 U.S. dollars (USD)/per kilowatt-hour (kWh), nearly four times the average U.S. residential rate of $0.13 USD/kWh.

  13. Atoll-scale patterns in coral reef community structure: Human signatures on Ulithi Atoll, Micronesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crane, Nicole L; Nelson, Peter; Abelson, Avigdor; Precoda, Kristin; Rulmal, John; Bernardi, Giacomo; Paddack, Michelle

    2017-01-01

    The dynamic relationship between reefs and the people who utilize them at a subsistence level is poorly understood. This paper characterizes atoll-scale patterns in shallow coral reef habitat and fish community structure, and correlates these with environmental characteristics and anthropogenic factors, critical to conservation efforts for the reefs and the people who depend on them. Hierarchical clustering analyses by site for benthic composition and fish community resulted in the same 3 major clusters: cluster 1-oceanic (close proximity to deep water) and uninhabited (low human impact); cluster 2-oceanic and inhabited (high human impact); and cluster 3-lagoonal (facing the inside of the lagoon) and inhabited (highest human impact). Distance from village, reef exposure to deep water and human population size had the greatest effect in predicting the fish and benthic community structure. Our study demonstrates a strong association between benthic and fish community structure and human use across the Ulithi Atoll (Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia) and confirms a pattern observed by local people that an 'opportunistic' scleractinian coral (Montipora sp.) is associated with more highly impacted reefs. Our findings suggest that small human populations (subsistence fishing) can nevertheless have considerable ecological impacts on reefs due, in part, to changes in fishing practices rather than overfishing per se, as well as larger global trends. Findings from this work can assist in building local capacity to manage reef resources across an atoll-wide scale, and illustrates the importance of anthropogenic impact even in small communities.

  14. The Leap-Frogging Potential of Information Technology for Development: The Case of 3D Printing in Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia)

    OpenAIRE

    Purtzer, Brennan Kyle

    2015-01-01

    Master thesis development management- University of Agder, 2015 This modified, participatory action research study investigates the potential for 3D printing for development (3DP4D) on the remote Pacific island of Pohnpei (The Federated States of Micronesia), specifically in an attempt to visualize opportunities for the technology to affect the state and national trade imbalance. The study examines import statistics and coordinates with government leaders and business manage...

  15. Atoll-scale patterns in coral reef community structure: Human signatures on Ulithi Atoll, Micronesia.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicole L Crane

    Full Text Available The dynamic relationship between reefs and the people who utilize them at a subsistence level is poorly understood. This paper characterizes atoll-scale patterns in shallow coral reef habitat and fish community structure, and correlates these with environmental characteristics and anthropogenic factors, critical to conservation efforts for the reefs and the people who depend on them. Hierarchical clustering analyses by site for benthic composition and fish community resulted in the same 3 major clusters: cluster 1-oceanic (close proximity to deep water and uninhabited (low human impact; cluster 2-oceanic and inhabited (high human impact; and cluster 3-lagoonal (facing the inside of the lagoon and inhabited (highest human impact. Distance from village, reef exposure to deep water and human population size had the greatest effect in predicting the fish and benthic community structure. Our study demonstrates a strong association between benthic and fish community structure and human use across the Ulithi Atoll (Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia and confirms a pattern observed by local people that an 'opportunistic' scleractinian coral (Montipora sp. is associated with more highly impacted reefs. Our findings suggest that small human populations (subsistence fishing can nevertheless have considerable ecological impacts on reefs due, in part, to changes in fishing practices rather than overfishing per se, as well as larger global trends. Findings from this work can assist in building local capacity to manage reef resources across an atoll-wide scale, and illustrates the importance of anthropogenic impact even in small communities.

  16. Micronesian agroforestry: evidence from the past, implications for the future

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marjorie V. C. Falanruw

    1993-01-01

    Traditional agroforest systems exist throughout Micronesia. The system found on one Micronesian group of islands, Yap, is described and evaluated in ecological terms. Implications for future development of agriculture in Micronesia are discussed and some specific recommendations are given.

  17. Investigating an outbreak of acute fever in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Damian Hoy

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Objective: In September 2012, there was an unexpected increase of acute febrile illness (AFI in Chuuk State of the Federated States of Micronesia. At the same time, dengue outbreaks were occurring in two of the Federated States of Micronesia’s other three states. The cause of AFI was suspected to be dengue; however, by the end of October, only one of 39 samples was positive for dengue. The objective of the investigation was to establish the cause of the outbreak. Methods: A line list was created and data analysed by time, place, person and clinical features. Reported symptoms were compared with the published symptoms of several diagnoses and laboratory testing undertaken. Results: Of the 168 suspected cases, 62% were less than 20 years of age and 60% were male. The clinical features of the cases were not typical for dengue but suggestive of respiratory illness. Nasopharyngeal swabs were subsequently collected and found to be positive for influenza. Public health measures were undertaken and the AFI returned to expected levels. Discussion: Clinical diagnosis of acute febrile illness (AFI can often be difficult and misleading. This can mean that opportunities for preventive measures early on in an outbreak are missed. In any outbreak, descriptive epidemiological analyses are valuable in helping to ascertain the cause of the outbreak.

  18. Retention and Attrition of Pacific School Teachers and Administrators (RAPSTA) Study: Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). Research Series.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Research and Development Cadre, Honolulu, HI.

    Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL) works with 10 American-affiliated Pacific entities: American Samoa, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap), Guam, Hawaii, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. The survey raises awareness of the…

  19. Presented by REL Pacific at McREL: Available Resources and Work in Progress. Research Digest. [Volume 1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific, 2014

    2014-01-01

    REL Pacific at McREL, one of 10 Regional Educational Laboratories (RELs) funded by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), serves educators in American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap), Guam, Hawai'i, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the…

  20. Presented by REL Pacific at McREL: A Summary of Cross-Regional Educational Laboratory Studies. Research Digest

    Science.gov (United States)

    Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific, 2013

    2013-01-01

    REL Pacific at McREL, 1 of 10 Regional Educational Laboratories (RELs) funded by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), serves educators in American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap), Guam, Hawai'i, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic…

  1. Presented by REL Pacific at McREL: Available Resources and Work in Progress. Research Digest. Volume 2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific, 2014

    2014-01-01

    REL Pacific at McREL, one of 10 Regional Educational Laboratories (RELs) funded by the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences (IES), serves educators in American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap), Guam, Hawai'i, the Republic of the…

  2. Getting to Know Education in the Pacific Region

    Science.gov (United States)

    Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific, 2014

    2014-01-01

    The Pacific region is comprised of American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI); the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)-Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap; Guam; Hawai'i; the Republic of the Marshall Islands; and the Republic of Palau. This document begins by providing a map of the REL Pacific region overlaid on a map of…

  3. Energy Stress Regulates Hippo-YAP Signaling Involving AMPK-Mediated Regulation of Angiomotin-like 1 Protein

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael DeRan

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Hippo signaling is a tumor-suppressor pathway involved in organ size control and tumorigenesis through the inhibition of YAP and TAZ. Here, we show that energy stress induces YAP cytoplasmic retention and S127 phosphorylation and inhibits YAP transcriptional activity and YAP-dependent transformation. These effects require the central metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK and the upstream Hippo pathway components Lats1/Lats2 and angiomotin-like 1 (AMOTL1. Furthermore, we show that AMPK directly phosphorylates S793 of AMOTL1. AMPK activation stabilizes and increases AMOTL1 steady-state protein levels, contributing to YAP inhibition. The phosphorylation-deficient S793Ala mutant of AMOTL1 showed a shorter half-life and conferred resistance to energy-stress-induced YAP inhibition. Our findings link energy sensing to the Hippo-YAP pathway and suggest that YAP may integrate spatial (contact inhibition, mechanical, and metabolic signals to control cellular proliferation and survival.

  4. cAMP/PKA signalling reinforces the LATS–YAP pathway to fully suppress YAP in response to actin cytoskeletal changes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Minchul; Kim, Miju; Lee, Seunghee; Kuninaka, Shinji; Saya, Hideyuki; Lee, Ho; Lee, Sookyung; Lim, Dae-Sik

    2013-01-01

    Actin cytoskeletal damage induces inactivation of the oncoprotein YAP (Yes-associated protein). It is known that the serine/threonine kinase LATS (large tumour suppressor) inactivates YAP by phosphorylating its Ser127 and Ser381 residues. However, the events downstream of actin cytoskeletal changes that are involved in the regulation of the LATS–YAP pathway and the mechanism by which LATS differentially phosphorylates YAP on Ser127 and Ser381 in vivo have remained elusive. Here, we show that cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates LATS and thereby enhances its activity sufficiently to phosphorylate YAP on Ser381. We also found that PKA activity is involved in all contexts previously reported to trigger the LATS–YAP pathway, including actin cytoskeletal damage, G-protein-coupled receptor activation, and engagement of the Hippo pathway. Inhibition of PKA and overexpression of YAP cooperate to transform normal cells and amplify neural progenitor pools in developing chick embryos. We also implicate neurofibromin 2 as an AKAP (A-kinase-anchoring protein) scaffold protein that facilitates the function of the cAMP/PKA–LATS–YAP pathway. Our study thus incorporates PKA as novel component of the Hippo pathway. PMID:23644383

  5. GIS Map of Mosaicked LandSat 7 ETM+ Satellite Imagery of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia Federated States, and the Republic of Palau from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2003 (NODC Accession 0067475)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These maps show for the first time an accurate georeferenced mosaic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau and their...

  6. Small-bodied humans from Palau, Micronesia.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lee R Berger

    Full Text Available UNLABELLED: Newly discovered fossil assemblages of small bodied Homo sapiens from Palau, Micronesia possess characters thought to be taxonomically primitive for the genus Homo. BACKGROUND: Recent surface collection and test excavation in limestone caves in the rock islands of Palau, Micronesia, has produced a sizeable sample of human skeletal remains dating roughly between 940-2890 cal ybp. PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: Preliminary analysis indicates that this material is important for two reasons. First, individuals from the older time horizons are small in body size even relative to "pygmoid" populations from Southeast Asia and Indonesia, and thus may represent a marked case of human insular dwarfism. Second, while possessing a number of derived features that align them with Homo sapiens, the human remains from Palau also exhibit several skeletal traits that are considered to be primitive for the genus Homo. SIGNIFICANCE: These features may be previously unrecognized developmental correlates of small body size and, if so, they may have important implications for interpreting the taxonomic affinities of fossil specimens of Homo.

  7. The endemic plants of Micronesia: a geographical checklist and commentary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lorence, D.H.

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The Micronesia-Polynesia bioregion is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, until now estimates regarding the number of endemic plant species for the region were not supported by any comprehensive published work for the region. The results of this study indicate that Micronesia has the world’s highest percentage of plant endemism per square kilometer out of all globally recognized insular biodiversity hotspots. A checklist of all endemic plant species for Micronesia is presented here with their corresponding geographical limits within the region. A summary of previous work and estimates is also provided noting the degree of taxonomic progress in the past several decades. A total of 364 vascular plant species are considered endemic to Micronesia, most of them being restricted to the Caroline Islands with a large percentage restricted to Palau. The checklist includes seven new combinations, one new name, and two unverified names that require additional study to verify endemic status. Overviews of each respective botanical family represented in the list are given including additional information on the Micronesian taxa. Recommendations for future work and potential projects are alluded to throughout the text highlighting major data gaps and very poorly known taxa. The following new combinations and names are made: Cyclosorus carolinensis (Hosokawa Lorence, comb. nov. , Cyclosorusgretheri (W. H. Wagner Lorence, comb. nov., Cyclosorusguamensis (Holttum Lorence, comb. nov., Cyclosorus palauensis (Hosokawa Lorence, comb. nov. , Cyclosorus rupiinsularis (Fosberg Lorence, comb. nov., Dalbergia hosokawae (Hosokawa Costion nom. nov., Syzygium trukensis (Hosokawa Costion & E. Lucas comb. nov.

  8. Characterization of the coccoid cyanobacterium Myxosarcina sp. KIOST-1 isolated from mangrove forest in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Ji Hyung; Lee, JunMo; Affan, Md-Abu; Lee, Dae-Won; Kang, Do-Hyung

    2017-09-01

    Mangrove forests are known to be inhabited by diverse symbiotic cyanobacterial communities that are capable of N2 fixation. To investigate its biodiversity, root sediments were collected from a mangrove forest in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and an entangled yellow-brown coccoid cyanobacterium was isolated. The isolated cyanobacterium was reproduced by multiple fission and eventually produced baeocytes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate was most similar to the genera Myxosarcina and Chroococcidiopsis in the order Pleurocapsales. Compositions of protein, lipid and carbohydrate in the cyanobacterial cells were estimated to be 19.4 ± 0.1%, 18.8 ± 0.4% and 31.5 ± 0.1%, respectively. Interestingly, total fatty acids in the isolate were mainly composed of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were not detected. Based on the molecular and biochemical characteristics, the isolate was finally classified in the genus Myxosarcina, and designated as Myxosarcina sp. KIOST-1. These results will contribute to better understanding of cyanobacterial biodiversity in the mangrove forest in FSM as well as the genus Myxosarcina, and also will allow further exploitation of its biotechnological potential on the basis of its cellular characteristics.

  9. YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin, Yi-Ting; Ding, Jing-Ya; Li, Ming-Yang; Yeh, Tien-Shun; Wang, Tsu-Wei; Yu, Jenn-Yah

    2012-01-01

    Tight regulation of cell numbers by controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis is important during development. Recently, the Hippo pathway has been shown to regulate tissue growth and organ size in Drosophila. In mammalian cells, it also affects cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues, including the nervous system. Interplay of several signaling cascades, such as Notch, Wnt, and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathways, control cell proliferation during neuronal differentiation. However, it remains unclear whether the Hippo pathway coordinates with other signaling cascades in regulating neuronal differentiation. Here, we used P19 cells, a mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line, as a model to study roles of YAP, a core component of the Hippo pathway, in neuronal differentiation. P19 cells can be induced to differentiate into neurons by expressing a neural bHLH transcription factor gene Ascl1. Our results showed that YAP promoted cell proliferation and inhibited neuronal differentiation. Expression of Yap activated Shh but not Wnt or Notch signaling activity during neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, expression of Yap increased the expression of Patched homolog 1 (Ptch1), a downstream target of the Shh signaling. Knockdown of Gli2, a transcription factor of the Shh pathway, promoted neuronal differentiation even when Yap was over-expressed. We further demonstrated that over-expression of Yap inhibited neuronal differentiation in primary mouse cortical progenitors and Gli2 knockdown rescued the differentiation defect in Yap over-expressing cells. In conclusion, our study reveals that Shh signaling acts downstream of YAP in regulating neuronal differentiation. -- Highlights: ► YAP promotes cell proliferation and inhibits neuronal differentiation in P19 cells. ► YAP promotes Sonic hedgehog signaling activity during neuronal differentiation. ► Knockdown of Gli2 rescues the Yap-overexpression phenotype in P19 cells. ► Knockdown of Gli2 rescues the Yap

  10. YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lin, Yi-Ting; Ding, Jing-Ya [Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan (China); Li, Ming-Yang [Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan (China); Yeh, Tien-Shun [Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan (China); Wang, Tsu-Wei [Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan (China); Yu, Jenn-Yah [Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan (China); Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan (China)

    2012-09-10

    Tight regulation of cell numbers by controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis is important during development. Recently, the Hippo pathway has been shown to regulate tissue growth and organ size in Drosophila. In mammalian cells, it also affects cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues, including the nervous system. Interplay of several signaling cascades, such as Notch, Wnt, and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathways, control cell proliferation during neuronal differentiation. However, it remains unclear whether the Hippo pathway coordinates with other signaling cascades in regulating neuronal differentiation. Here, we used P19 cells, a mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line, as a model to study roles of YAP, a core component of the Hippo pathway, in neuronal differentiation. P19 cells can be induced to differentiate into neurons by expressing a neural bHLH transcription factor gene Ascl1. Our results showed that YAP promoted cell proliferation and inhibited neuronal differentiation. Expression of Yap activated Shh but not Wnt or Notch signaling activity during neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, expression of Yap increased the expression of Patched homolog 1 (Ptch1), a downstream target of the Shh signaling. Knockdown of Gli2, a transcription factor of the Shh pathway, promoted neuronal differentiation even when Yap was over-expressed. We further demonstrated that over-expression of Yap inhibited neuronal differentiation in primary mouse cortical progenitors and Gli2 knockdown rescued the differentiation defect in Yap over-expressing cells. In conclusion, our study reveals that Shh signaling acts downstream of YAP in regulating neuronal differentiation. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer YAP promotes cell proliferation and inhibits neuronal differentiation in P19 cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer YAP promotes Sonic hedgehog signaling activity during neuronal differentiation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Knockdown of Gli2 rescues the Yap

  11. Cancer, reproductive abnormalities, and diabetes in Micronesia: the effect of nuclear testing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamada, Seiji

    2004-09-01

    Many suggest that cancer and other diseases in Micronesia have been caused by nuclear testing in the Pacific. The 50-year commemoration of the March 1, 1954 Bravo thermonuclear test has rekindled interest in this area. This paper explores the documentation for, and the plausibility of, claims for disease causation by nuclear testing. Given the sheer volume of testing that the US conducted in the Pacific, it appears plausible that excess cancer would have occurred in areas of Micronesia other than the Marshall Islands. An excess of birth abnormalities in the Marshall Islands has been documented. While diabetes is not a radiogenic disease, and other cancers are generally less radiogenic than leukemia or thyroid cancer, the social and cultural effects of nuclear testing specifically, and the strategic uses to which Micronesia has been put generally, have had roles in the social production of disease. Integration into a globalized, cosmopolitan economy-with attendant phenomena such as the importation of tobacco, alcohol, foods of poor nutritional value, and new cultural morés-are also factors.

  12. Yap1 is dispensable for self-renewal but required for proper differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chung, HaeWon; Lee, Bum-Kyu; Uprety, Nadima; Shen, Wenwen; Lee, Jiwoon; Kim, Jonghwan

    2016-04-01

    Yap1 is a transcriptional co-activator of the Hippo pathway. The importance of Yap1 in early cell fate decision during embryogenesis has been well established, though its role in embryonic stem (ES) cells remains elusive. Here, we report that Yap1 plays crucial roles in normal differentiation rather than self-renewal of ES cells. Yap1-depleted ES cells maintain undifferentiated state with a typical colony morphology as well as robust alkaline phosphatase activity. These cells also retain comparable levels of the core pluripotent factors, such as Pou5f1 and Sox2, to the levels in wild-type ES cells without significant alteration of lineage-specific marker genes. Conversely, overexpression of Yap1 in ES cells promotes nuclear translocation of Yap1, resulting in disruption of self-renewal and triggering differentiation by up-regulating lineage-specific genes. Moreover, Yap1-deficient ES cells show impaired induction of lineage markers during differentiation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Yap1 is a required factor for proper differentiation of mouse ES cells, while remaining dispensable for self-renewal. © 2016 The Authors.

  13. Mass poisoning after consumption of a hawksbill turtle, Federated States of Micronesia, 2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boris Pavlin

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Marine turtles of all species are capable of being toxic. On 17 October 2010, health authorities in the Federated States of Micronesia were notified of the sudden death of three children and the sickening of approximately 20 other people on Murilo Atoll in Chuuk State. The illnesses were suspected to be the result of mass consumption of a hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata. An investigation team was assembled to confirm the cause of the outbreak, describe the epidemiology of cases and provide recommendations for control. Methods: We conducted chart reviews, interviewed key informants, collected samples for laboratory analysis, performed environmental investigations and conducted a cohort study. Results: Four children and two adults died in the outbreak and 95 others were sickened; 84% of those who ate the turtle became ill (n = 101. The relative risk for developing illness after consuming the turtle was 11.1 (95% confidence inteval: 4.8–25.9; there was a dose-dependent relationship between amount of turtle meat consumed and risk of illness. Environmental and epidemiological investigations revealed no alternative explanation for the mass illness. Laboratory testing failed to identify a causative agent. Conclusion: We concluded that turtle poisoning (also called chelonitoxism was the cause of the outbreak on Murilo. The range of illness described in this investigation is consistent with previously reported cases of chelonitoxism. This devastating incident highlights the dangers, particularly to children, of consuming turtle meat. Future incidents are certain to occur unless action is taken to alter turtle-eating behaviour in coastal communities throughout the world.

  14. Coral reef monitoring data from sites across Micronesia from 2009-09-29 to 2015-09-25 (NCEI Accession 0162463)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic, fish, and macroinvertebrate census data are collected from sites around Micronesia as part of the ongoing Micronesia Challenge. Information on the program...

  15. Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Promotes the Nuclear Import of p73

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Heng; Wu Shengnan

    2011-01-01

    p73 has been identified as a structural and functional homolog of the tumor suppressor p53. However, mechanisms that regulate the localization of p73 have not been fully clarified. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator. As a transcriptional coactivator, YAP needs to bind transcription factors to stimulate gene expression. p73 is a reported YAP target transcription factors and YAP has been shown to positively regulate p73 in promoting apoptosis. Previous studies show that p73 interacts with YAP through its PPPY motif, and increases p73 transactivation of apoptotic genes. In this study, we focused on YAP's regulation of the localization of p73. After transient transfection into Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and Human embryonic kidney 293T cells with GFP-YAP and/or YFP-p73, and incubated for 24 hours expression. p73 was fused to YFP to allow the examination of its subcellular localization. When expressed alone, YFP-p73 was distributed throughout the cell. When coexpressed with YAP, nuclear accumulation of YFP-p73 became evident. We quantitated the effect of YAP on the redistribution of YFP-p73 by counting cells with nuclear-only YFP signal. We found that YAP can influence the subcellular distribution of p73. Altogether, coexpression with YAP affected the subcellular distribution of the p73 protein. Our studies attribute a central role to YAP in regulating p73 accumulation and YAP, at least in part, might promote the nuclear import of p73.

  16. Evolution and virulence contributions of the autotransporter proteins YapJ and YapK of Yersinia pestis CO92 and their homologs in Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lenz, Jonathan D; Temple, Brenda R S; Miller, Virginia L

    2012-10-01

    Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, evolved from the gastrointestinal pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Both species have numerous type Va autotransporters, most of which appear to be highly conserved. In Y. pestis CO92, the autotransporter genes yapK and yapJ share a high level of sequence identity. By comparing yapK and yapJ to three homologous genes in Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953 (YPTB0365, YPTB3285, and YPTB3286), we show that yapK is conserved in Y. pseudotuberculosis, while yapJ is unique to Y. pestis. All of these autotransporters exhibit >96% identity in the C terminus of the protein and identities ranging from 58 to 72% in their N termini. By extending this analysis to include homologous sequences from numerous Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, we determined that these autotransporters cluster into a YapK (YPTB3285) class and a YapJ (YPTB3286) class. The YPTB3286-like gene of most Y. pestis strains appears to be inactivated, perhaps in favor of maintaining yapJ. Since autotransporters are important for virulence in many bacterial pathogens, including Y. pestis, any change in autotransporter content should be considered for its impact on virulence. Using established mouse models of Y. pestis infection, we demonstrated that despite the high level of sequence identity, yapK is distinct from yapJ in its contribution to disseminated Y. pestis infection. In addition, a mutant lacking both of these genes exhibits an additive attenuation, suggesting nonredundant roles for yapJ and yapK in systemic Y. pestis infection. However, the deletion of the homologous genes in Y. pseudotuberculosis does not seem to impact the virulence of this organism in orogastric or systemic infection models.

  17. Mediator, SWI/SNF and SAGA complexes regulate Yap8-dependent transcriptional activation of ACR2 in response to arsenate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Menezes, Regina Andrade; Pimentel, Catarina; Silva, Ana Rita Courelas; Amaral, Catarina; Merhej, Jawad; Devaux, Frédéric; Rodrigues-Pousada, Claudina

    2017-04-01

    Response to arsenic stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is orchestrated by the regulatory protein Yap8, which mediates transcriptional activation of ACR2 and ACR3. This study contributes to the state of art knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying yeast stress response to arsenate as it provides the genetic and biochemical evidences that Yap8, through cysteine residues 132, 137, and 274, is the sensor of presence of arsenate in the cytosol. Moreover, it is here reported for the first time the essential role of the Mediator complex in the transcriptional activation of ACR2 by Yap8. Based on our data, we propose an order-of-function map to recapitulate the sequence of events taking place in cells injured with arsenate. Modification of the sulfhydryl state of these cysteines converts Yap8 in its activated form, triggering the recruitment of the Mediator complex to the ACR2/ACR3 promoter, through the interaction with the tail subunit Med2. The Mediator complex then transfers the regulatory signals conveyed by Yap8 to the core transcriptional machinery, which culminates with TBP occupancy, ACR2 upregulation and cell adaptation to arsenate stress. Additional co-factors are required for the transcriptional activation of ACR2 by Yap8, particularly the nucleosome remodeling activity of SWI/SNF and SAGA complexes. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  18. Proceedings of the workshop on research methodologies and applications for Pacific Island agroforestry; July 16-20, 1990; Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bill Raynor; Roger R. Bay

    1993-01-01

    Includes 19 papers presented at the workshop, covering such topics as sampling techniques and statistical considerations, indigenous agricultural and agroforestry systems, crop testing and evaluation, and agroforestry practices in the Pacific Islands, including Micronesia, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, and American Samoa.

  19. Overexpression of the transcription factor Yap1 modifies intracellular redox conditions and enhances recombinant protein secretion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marizela Delic

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Oxidative folding of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER is a redox active process, which also impacts the redox conditions in the cytosol. As the transcription factor Yap1 is involved in the transcriptional response to oxidative stress, we investigate its role upon the production of secretory proteins, using the yeast Pichia pastoris as model, and report a novel important role of Yap1 during oxidative protein folding. Yap1 is needed for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS caused by increased oxidative protein folding. Constitutive co-overexpression of PpYAP1 leads to increased levels of secreted recombinant protein, while a lowered Yap1 function leads to accumulation of ROS and strong flocculation. Transcriptional analysis revealed that more than 150 genes were affected by overexpression of YAP1, in particular genes coding for antioxidant enzymes or involved in oxidation-reduction processes. By monitoring intracellular redox conditions within the cytosol and the ER using redox-sensitive roGFP1 variants, we could show that overexpression of YAP1 restores cellular redox conditions of protein-secreting P. pastoris by reoxidizing the cytosolic redox state to the levels of the wild type. These alterations are also reflected by increased levels of oxidized intracellular glutathione (GSSG in the YAP1 co-overexpressing strain. Taken together, these data indicate a strong impact of intracellular redox balance on the secretion of (recombinant proteins without affecting protein folding per se. Re-establishing suitable redox conditions by tuning the antioxidant capacity of the cell reduces metabolic load and cell stress caused by high oxidative protein folding load, thereby increasing the secretion capacity.

  20. Impact of routine hepatitis B immunization on the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the marshall islands and the federated States of micronesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bialek, Stephanie R; Helgenberger, Louisa; Fischer, Gayle E; Bower, William A; Konelios, Mailynn; Chaine, Jean-Paul; Armstrong, Gregory; Williams, Ian T; Bell, Beth P

    2010-01-01

    To evaluate the impact of routine hepatitis B (HB) vaccination on the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children in Pacific Island countries where HBV infection was highly endemic, we conducted HB serosurveys during 2000 to 2007 among women of childbearing age born before implementation of HB vaccination and among children born after its implementation. Serum specimens were collected from children aged 2 to 6 years and their mothers in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia in 2000, children aged 2 to 9 years and their mothers in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia in 2005, and 5- to 9-year-old children and prenatal clinic patients in 2007 in Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). Specimens were tested for HB surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HB core antigen (total anti-HBc). HB vaccination coverage was determined from health department vaccination registries. We defined chronic HBV infection as the presence of HBsAg. Birthdose and 3 dose HB vaccination coverage was 48% and 87%, respectively, in Chuuk, 87% and 90% in Pohnpei, and 49% and 93% in RMI. Chronic HBV infection prevalence among children was 2.5% (9/362) in Chuuk, 1.5% (7/478) in Pohnpei and 1.8% (6/331) in RMI. Chronic HBV infection prevalence among women was 9.2% (21/229) in Chuuk, 4.4% (10/229) in Pohnpei, and 9.5% (11/116) in RMI. Hepatitis B vaccination has resulted in a substantial decline in chronic infection in children in the Pacific Islands. HB vaccine effectiveness is high in this region, despite challenges in providing HB vaccine at birth and completing vaccination series on schedule.

  1. Pharmacokinetics and Dosing of Levofloxacin in Children Treated for Active or Latent Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis, Federated States of Micronesia and Republic of the Marshall Islands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mase, Sundari R; Jereb, John A; Gonzalez, Daniel; Martin, Fatma; Daley, Charles L; Fred, Dorina; Loeffler, Ann M; Menon, Lakshmy R; Bamrah Morris, Sapna; Brostrom, Richard; Chorba, Terence; Peloquin, Charles A

    2016-04-01

    In the Federated States of Micronesia and then the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), levofloxacin pharmacokinetics were studied in children receiving directly observed once-daily regimens (10 mg/kg, age >5 years; 15-20 mg/kg, age ≤5 years) for either multidrug-resistant tuberculosis disease or latent infection after multidrug-resistant tuberculosis exposure, to inform future dosing strategies. Blood samples were collected at 0 (RMI only), 1, 2 and 6 hours (50 children, aged 6 months to 15 years) after oral levofloxacin at >6 weeks of treatment. Clinical characteristics and maximal drug concentration (Cmax) of levofloxacin, elimination half-life and area under the curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24 hours × μg/mL) were correlated to determine the optimal dosage and to examine associations. Population pharmacokinetics and target attainment were modeled. With results from the Federated States of Micronesia, dosages were increased in RMI toward the target Cmax for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 8-12 µg/mL. Cmax correlated linearly with per-weight dosage. Neither Cmax nor half-life was associated with gender, age, body mass index, concurrent medications or predose meals. At levofloxacin dosage of 15-20 mg/kg, Cmax ≥8 µg/mL was observed, and modeling corroborated a high target attainment across the ratio of the area under the free concentration versus time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (fAUCss,0-24/MIC) values. Levofloxacin dosage should be 15-20 mg/kg for Cmax ≥8 µg/mL and a high target attainment across fAUCss,0-24/MIC values in children ≥2 years of age.

  2. YAP Inhibition Restores Hepatocyte Differentiation in Advanced HCC, Leading to Tumor Regression

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julien Fitamant

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Defective Hippo/YAP signaling in the liver results in tissue overgrowth and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC. Here, we uncover mechanisms of YAP-mediated hepatocyte reprogramming and HCC pathogenesis. YAP functions as a rheostat in maintaining metabolic specialization, differentiation, and quiescence within the hepatocyte compartment. Increased or decreased YAP activity reprograms subsets of hepatocytes to different fates associated with deregulation of the HNF4A, CTNNB1, and E2F transcriptional programs that control hepatocyte quiescence and differentiation. Importantly, treatment with small interfering RNA-lipid nanoparticles (siRNA-LNPs targeting YAP restores hepatocyte differentiation and causes pronounced tumor regression in a genetically engineered mouse HCC model. Furthermore, YAP targets are enriched in an aggressive human HCC subtype characterized by a proliferative signature and absence of CTNNB1 mutations. Thus, our work reveals Hippo signaling as a key regulator of the positional identity of hepatocytes, supports targeting of YAP using siRNA-LNPs as a paradigm of differentiation-based therapy, and identifies an HCC subtype that is potentially responsive to this approach.

  3. The Hippo-YAP Pathway Regulates 3D Organ Formation and Homeostasis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishihara, Erika; Nishina, Hiroshi

    2018-04-17

    The vertebrate body shape is formed by the specific sizes and shapes of its resident tissues and organs, whose alignments are essential for proper functioning. To maintain tissue and organ shape, and thereby function, it is necessary to remove senescent, transformed, and/or damaged cells, which impair function and can lead to tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying three-dimensional (3D) organ formation and homeostasis are not fully clear. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator that is involved in organ size control and tumorigenesis. Recently, we reported that YAP is essential for proper 3D body shape through regulation of cell tension by using a unique medaka fish mutant, hirame ( hir ). In Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells, active YAP-transformed cells are eliminated apically when surrounded by normal cells. Furthermore, in a mosaic mouse model, active YAP-expressing damaged hepatocytes undergo apoptosis and are eliminated from the liver. Thus, YAP functions in quantitative and quality control in organogenesis. In this review, we describe the various roles of YAP in vertebrates, including in the initiation of liver cancer.

  4. YAP expression in normal and neoplastic breast tissue: an immunohistochemical study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jaramillo-Rodríguez, Yolanda; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M; Ruiz-Ramos, Ruben; López-Márquez, Francisco C; Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ana Laura

    2014-04-01

    Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional factor involved in normal cell proliferation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis; however, its contribution to breast cancer (BC) is still controversial. We undertook this study to compare the expression of YAP by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal breast tissue of women without breast cancer (BC) (controls), non-neoplastic breast tissue in women with cancer (internal controls) and in four different subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma. There were 17 controls and 105 tumor cases (53 luminal A, 15 luminal B, 20 overexpression of HER2 and 17 triple negative cases) studied by IHC. Statistical analysis included χ(2) for linear trend (Extended Mantel-Haenszel). There were 40% of internal controls that showed expression of YAP in myoepithelial cells, whereas in controls expression was 100%. In controls, 3/17 (17.6%) showed cytoplasmic staining in luminal cells. There was a significant difference in nuclear expression between the ductal BC subtypes. Luminal A had 4% of positive cases with <10% of cells affected in each case; in contrast, there were 17-20% of positive cases in the other groups with 50% or more of stained cells. YAP expression in stromal cells was not observed in controls or in triple-negative cases, and luminal B pattern had the highest YAP nuclear expression (20%). YAP showed decreased expression in tumor cells compared with normal breast tissue. These findings are consistent with a role of YAP as a suppressor gene in BC and show differences in YAP expression in different patterns of ductal BC. Copyright © 2014 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Yap is required for ependymal integrity and is suppressed in LPA-induced hydrocephalus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Raehee; Moon, Uk Yeol; Park, Jun Young; Hughes, Lucinda J.; Johnson, Randy L.; Cho, Seo-Hee; Kim, Seonhee

    2016-01-01

    Timely generation and normal maturation of ependymal cells along the aqueduct are critical for preventing physical blockage between the third and fourth ventricles and the development of fetal non-communicating hydrocephalus. Our study identifies Yap, the downstream effector of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway, as a central regulator for generating developmentally controlled ependymal cells along the ventricular lining of the aqueduct. Yap function is necessary for proper proliferation of progenitors and apical attachment of ependymal precursor cells. Importantly, an injury signal initiated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an upstream regulator of Yap that can cause fetal haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, deregulates Yap in the developing aqueduct. LPA exposure leads to the loss of N-cadherin concentrations at the apical endfeet, which can be partially restored by forced Yap expression and more efficiently by phosphomimetic Yap. These results reveal a novel function of Yap in retaining tissue junctions during normal development and after fetal brain injury. PMID:26754915

  6. Two new species of the genus Arrenurus from Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (Acari: Hydrchnidia: Arrenuridae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harry Smit

    2010-01-01

    Few specimens of water mites have been collected from Pacific Island streams, especially higher elevation, head water streams. Uchida (1935, 1939) and Cook & Bright (1983) published 11 species of water mites from the Palau Islands, while Cook (1957) reported two Arrenurus species from the main island of Yap in the Caroline Island chain. Viets (...

  7. Force Triggers YAP Nuclear Entry by Regulating Transport across Nuclear Pores.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elosegui-Artola, Alberto; Andreu, Ion; Beedle, Amy E M; Lezamiz, Ainhoa; Uroz, Marina; Kosmalska, Anita J; Oria, Roger; Kechagia, Jenny Z; Rico-Lastres, Palma; Le Roux, Anabel-Lise; Shanahan, Catherine M; Trepat, Xavier; Navajas, Daniel; Garcia-Manyes, Sergi; Roca-Cusachs, Pere

    2017-11-30

    YAP is a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator with a critical role in cancer, regeneration, and organ size control. Here, we show that force applied to the nucleus directly drives YAP nuclear translocation by decreasing the mechanical restriction of nuclear pores to molecular transport. Exposure to a stiff environment leads cells to establish a mechanical connection between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, allowing forces exerted through focal adhesions to reach the nucleus. Force transmission then leads to nuclear flattening, which stretches nuclear pores, reduces their mechanical resistance to molecular transport, and increases YAP nuclear import. The restriction to transport is further regulated by the mechanical stability of the transported protein, which determines both active nuclear transport of YAP and passive transport of small proteins. Our results unveil a mechanosensing mechanism mediated directly by nuclear pores, demonstrated for YAP but with potential general applicability in transcriptional regulation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Normal hematopoietic stem cell function in mice with enforced expression of the Hippo signaling effector YAP1.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lina Jansson

    Full Text Available The Hippo pathway has recently been implicated in the regulation of organ size and stem cells in multiple tissues. The transcriptional cofactor yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1 is the most downstream effector of Hippo signaling and is functionally repressed by the upstream components of the pathway. Overexpression of YAP1 stimulates proliferation of stem and progenitor cells in many tissues, consistent with inhibition of Hippo signaling. To study the role of Hippo signaling in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, we created a transgenic model with inducible YAP1 expression exclusively within the hematopoietic system. Following 3 months induction, examination of blood and bone marrow in the induced mice revealed no changes in the distribution of the hematopoietic lineages compared to control mice. Moreover, the progenitor cell compartment was unaltered as determined by colony forming assays and immunophenotyping. To address whether YAP1 affects the quantity and function of HSCs we performed competitive transplantation experiments. We show that ectopic YAP1 expression does not influence HSC function neither during steady state nor in situations of hematopoietic stress. This is in sharp contrast to effects seen on stem- and progenitor cells in other organs and suggests highly tissue specific functions of the Hippo pathway in regulation of stem cells.

  9. A Novel Notch-YAP Circuit Drives Stemness and Tumorigenesis in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Slemmons, Katherine K; Crose, Lisa E S; Riedel, Stefan; Sushnitha, Manuela; Belyea, Brian; Linardic, Corinne M

    2017-12-01

    Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a cancer characterized by skeletal muscle features, is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood. While low- and intermediate-risk groups have seen improved outcomes, high-risk patients still face a 5-year survival rate of statistic that has not changed in over 40 years. Understanding the biologic underpinnings of RMS is critical. The developmental pathways of Notch and YAP have been identified as potent but independent oncogenic signals that support the embryonal variant of RMS (eRMS). Here, the cross-talk between these pathways and the impact on eRMS tumorigenesis is reported. Using human eRMS cells grown as three-dimensional (3D) rhabdospheres, which enriches in stem cells, it was found that Notch signaling transcriptionally upregulates YAP1 gene expression and YAP activity. Reciprocally, YAP transcriptionally upregulates the Notch ligand genes JAG1 and DLL1 and the core Notch transcription factor RBPJ This bidirectional circuit boosts expression of key stem cell genes, including SOX2 , which is functionally required for eRMS spheres. Silencing this circuit for therapeutic purposes may be challenging, because the inhibition of one node (e.g., pharmacologic Notch blockade) can be rescued by upregulation of another (constitutive YAP expression). Instead, dual inhibition of Notch and YAP is necessary. Finally, supporting the existence of this circuit beyond a model system, nuclear Notch and YAP protein expression are correlated in human eRMS tumors, and YAP suppression in vivo decreases Notch signaling and SOX2 expression. Implications: This study identifies a novel oncogenic signaling circuit driving eRMS stemness and tumorigenesis, and provides evidence and rationale for combination therapies co-targeting Notch and YAP. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1777-91. ©2017 AACR . ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

  10. Nuclear localization of the transcriptional coactivator YAP is associated with invasive lobular breast cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vlug, Eva J; van de Ven, Robert A H; Vermeulen, Jeroen F; Bult, Peter; van Diest, Paul J; Derksen, Patrick W B

    2013-10-01

    Yes Associated Protein (YAP) has been implicated in the control of organ size by regulating cell proliferation and survival. YAP is a transcriptional coactivator that controls cellular responses through interaction with TEAD transcription factors in the nucleus, while its transcriptional functions are inhibited by phosphorylation-dependent translocation to the cytosol. YAP overexpression has been associated with different types of cancer, such as lung, skin, prostate, ovary and liver cancer. Recently, YAP was linked to E-cadherin-dependent regulation of contact inhibition in breast cancer cells. In this study we examined YAP protein expression and cellular localization in 237 cases of human invasive breast cancer by immunohistochemistry and related its expression to clinicopathological features and E-cadherin expression. We observed that invasive lobular carcinoma is characterized by higher expression levels of both nuclear and cytosolic YAP (p invasive breast cancer. We observed that high nuclear and cytosolic YAP expression are associated with the E-cadherin deficient breast cancer subtype ILC (p cancers and conditional mouse models of human lobular breast cancer. Since our data indicate that nuclear YAP localization is more common in breast cancers lacking functional adherens junctions, it suggests that YAP-mediated transcription may be involved in the development and progression of invasive lobular breast cancer.

  11. A hairpin within YAP mRNA 3′UTR functions in regulation at post-transcription level

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gao, Yuen; Wang, Yuan; Feng, Jinyan; Feng, Guoxing; Zheng, Minying; Yang, Zhe; Xiao, Zelin; Lu, Zhanping [State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Ye, Lihong [State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Zhang, Xiaodong, E-mail: zhangxd@nankai.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China)

    2015-04-03

    The central dogma of gene expression is that DNA is transcribed into messenger RNAs, which in turn serve as the template for protein synthesis. Recently, it has been reported that mRNAs display regulatory roles that rely on their ability to compete for microRNA binding, independent of their protein-coding function. However, the regulatory mechanism of mRNAs remains poorly understood. Here, we report that a hairpin within YAP mRNA 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) functions in regulation at post-transcription level through generating endogenous siRNAs (esiRNAs). Bioinformatics analysis for secondary structure showed that YAP mRNA displayed a hairpin structure (termed standard hairpin, S-hairpin) within its 3′UTR. Surprisingly, we observed that the overexpression of S-hairpin derived from YAP 3′UTR (YAP-sh) increased the luciferase reporter activities of transcriptional factor NF-κB and AP-1 in 293T cells. Moreover, we identified that a fragment from YAP-sh, an esiRNA, was able to target mRNA 3′UTR of NF2 (a member of Hippo-signaling pathway) and YAP mRNA 3′UTR itself in hepatoma cells. Thus, we conclude that the YAP-sh within YAP mRNA 3′UTR may serve as a novel regulatory element, which functions in regulation at post-transcription level. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism of mRNAs in regulatory function. - Highlights: • An S-hairpin within YAP mRNA 3′UTR possesses regulatory function. • YAP-sh acts as a regulatory element for YAP at post-transcription level. • YAP-sh-3p20, an esiRNA derived from YAP-sh, targets mRNAs of YAP and NF2. • YAP-sh-3p20 depresses the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro.

  12. A hairpin within YAP mRNA 3′UTR functions in regulation at post-transcription level

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao, Yuen; Wang, Yuan; Feng, Jinyan; Feng, Guoxing; Zheng, Minying; Yang, Zhe; Xiao, Zelin; Lu, Zhanping; Ye, Lihong; Zhang, Xiaodong

    2015-01-01

    The central dogma of gene expression is that DNA is transcribed into messenger RNAs, which in turn serve as the template for protein synthesis. Recently, it has been reported that mRNAs display regulatory roles that rely on their ability to compete for microRNA binding, independent of their protein-coding function. However, the regulatory mechanism of mRNAs remains poorly understood. Here, we report that a hairpin within YAP mRNA 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) functions in regulation at post-transcription level through generating endogenous siRNAs (esiRNAs). Bioinformatics analysis for secondary structure showed that YAP mRNA displayed a hairpin structure (termed standard hairpin, S-hairpin) within its 3′UTR. Surprisingly, we observed that the overexpression of S-hairpin derived from YAP 3′UTR (YAP-sh) increased the luciferase reporter activities of transcriptional factor NF-κB and AP-1 in 293T cells. Moreover, we identified that a fragment from YAP-sh, an esiRNA, was able to target mRNA 3′UTR of NF2 (a member of Hippo-signaling pathway) and YAP mRNA 3′UTR itself in hepatoma cells. Thus, we conclude that the YAP-sh within YAP mRNA 3′UTR may serve as a novel regulatory element, which functions in regulation at post-transcription level. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism of mRNAs in regulatory function. - Highlights: • An S-hairpin within YAP mRNA 3′UTR possesses regulatory function. • YAP-sh acts as a regulatory element for YAP at post-transcription level. • YAP-sh-3p20, an esiRNA derived from YAP-sh, targets mRNAs of YAP and NF2. • YAP-sh-3p20 depresses the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro

  13. YAP/TAZ enhance mammalian embryonic neural stem cell characteristics in a Tead-dependent manner

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Han, Dasol; Byun, Sung-Hyun; Park, Soojeong; Kim, Juwan; Kim, Inhee; Ha, Soobong; Kwon, Mookwang; Yoon, Keejung, E-mail: keejung@skku.edu

    2015-02-27

    Mammalian brain development is regulated by multiple signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Here we show that YAP/TAZ enhance embryonic neural stem cell characteristics in a cell autonomous fashion using diverse experimental approaches. Introduction of retroviral vectors expressing YAP or TAZ into the mouse embryonic brain induced cell localization in the ventricular zone (VZ), which is the embryonic neural stem cell niche. This change in cell distribution in the cortical layer is due to the increased stemness of infected cells; YAP-expressing cells were colabeled with Sox2, a neural stem cell marker, and YAP/TAZ increased the frequency and size of neurospheres, indicating enhanced self-renewal- and proliferative ability of neural stem cells. These effects appear to be TEA domain family transcription factor (Tead)–dependent; a Tead binding-defective YAP mutant lost the ability to promote neural stem cell characteristics. Consistently, in utero gene transfer of a constitutively active form of Tead2 (Tead2-VP16) recapitulated all the features of YAP/TAZ overexpression, and dominant negative Tead2-EnR resulted in marked cell exit from the VZ toward outer cortical layers. Taken together, these results indicate that the Tead-dependent YAP/TAZ signaling pathway plays important roles in neural stem cell maintenance by enhancing stemness of neural stem cells during mammalian brain development. - Highlights: • Roles of YAP and Tead in vivo during mammalian brain development are clarified. • Expression of YAP promotes embryonic neural stem cell characteristics in vivo in a cell autonomous fashion. • Enhancement of neural stem cell characteristics by YAP depends on Tead. • Transcriptionally active form of Tead alone can recapitulate the effects of YAP. • Transcriptionally repressive form of Tead severely reduces stem cell characteristics.

  14. YAP/TAZ enhance mammalian embryonic neural stem cell characteristics in a Tead-dependent manner

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Dasol; Byun, Sung-Hyun; Park, Soojeong; Kim, Juwan; Kim, Inhee; Ha, Soobong; Kwon, Mookwang; Yoon, Keejung

    2015-01-01

    Mammalian brain development is regulated by multiple signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Here we show that YAP/TAZ enhance embryonic neural stem cell characteristics in a cell autonomous fashion using diverse experimental approaches. Introduction of retroviral vectors expressing YAP or TAZ into the mouse embryonic brain induced cell localization in the ventricular zone (VZ), which is the embryonic neural stem cell niche. This change in cell distribution in the cortical layer is due to the increased stemness of infected cells; YAP-expressing cells were colabeled with Sox2, a neural stem cell marker, and YAP/TAZ increased the frequency and size of neurospheres, indicating enhanced self-renewal- and proliferative ability of neural stem cells. These effects appear to be TEA domain family transcription factor (Tead)–dependent; a Tead binding-defective YAP mutant lost the ability to promote neural stem cell characteristics. Consistently, in utero gene transfer of a constitutively active form of Tead2 (Tead2-VP16) recapitulated all the features of YAP/TAZ overexpression, and dominant negative Tead2-EnR resulted in marked cell exit from the VZ toward outer cortical layers. Taken together, these results indicate that the Tead-dependent YAP/TAZ signaling pathway plays important roles in neural stem cell maintenance by enhancing stemness of neural stem cells during mammalian brain development. - Highlights: • Roles of YAP and Tead in vivo during mammalian brain development are clarified. • Expression of YAP promotes embryonic neural stem cell characteristics in vivo in a cell autonomous fashion. • Enhancement of neural stem cell characteristics by YAP depends on Tead. • Transcriptionally active form of Tead alone can recapitulate the effects of YAP. • Transcriptionally repressive form of Tead severely reduces stem cell characteristics

  15. Yes-associated protein homolog, YAP-1, is involved in the thermotolerance and aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iwasa, Hiroaki [Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519 (Japan); Maimaiti, Sainawaer [Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519 (Japan); Department of Psychotherapy, The Fourth People' s Hospital of Urumqi, Urumqi 830000 (China); Kuroyanagi, Hidehito [Laboratory of Gene Expression, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519 (Japan); Kawano, Shodai; Inami, Kazutoshi; Timalsina, Shikshya; Ikeda, Mitsunobu; Nakagawa, Kentaro [Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519 (Japan); Hata, Yutaka, E-mail: yuhammch@tmd.ac.jp [Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519 (Japan)

    2013-04-15

    The mammalian Hippo pathway comprises mammalian Ste20-like kinases (MST1/2) and large tumor suppressor kinases (LATS1/2). LATS1/2, which are activated by MST1/2, phosphorylate a transcriptional co-activator, yes-associated protein (YAP), and induce the recruitment of YAP by 14-3-3 to cytoplasm, so that the TEAD-dependent gene transcriptions are turned off. Although the core components of the Hippo pathway are well conserved in metazoans, it has been discussed that Caenorhabditis elegans lacks YAP ortholog, we found that F13E6.4 gene encodes a protein that shows sequence similarities to YAP in the N-terminal TEAD-binding domain and in the WW domain. We designated this gene as yap-1. YAP-1 is widely expressed in various cells such as epithelial cells, muscles, hypodermal cells, gonadal sheath cells, spermatheca, and hypodermal cells. YAP-1 is distributed in cytoplasm and nuclei. wts-1 (LATS ortholog) and ftt-2 (14-3-3 ortholog) knockdowns cause nuclear accumulation of YAP-1, supporting that the subcellular localization of YAP-1 is regulated in a similar way as that of YAP. Heat shock also causes the nuclear accumulation of YAP-1 but after heat shock, YAP-1 translocates to cytoplasm. Knockdowns of DAF-21 (HSP90 ortholog) and HSF-1block the nuclear export of YAP-1 during this recovery. YAP-1 overexpression is beneficial for thermotolerance, whereas YAP-1 hyperactivity induced by wts-1 and ftt-2 knockdowns is deleterious on thermal response and yap-1 deficiency promotes health aging. In short, YAP-1 partially shares basal characters with mammalian YAP and plays a role in thermal stress response and healthy aging. - Highlights: ► We named Caenorhabditis elegans F13E6.4 gene yap-1 as a putative YAP homolog. ► The localization of YAP-1 is regulated by WTS-1 and FTT-2. ► YAP-1 is involved in healthy aging and thermosensitivity.

  16. Optimization of LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector for small animal PET

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jung, Jin Ho; Choi, Yong; Chung, Yong Hyun; Devroede, Olivier; Krieguer, Magalie; Bruyndonckx, Peter; Tavernier, Stefaan

    2007-01-01

    LSO/LuYAP phoswich detectors for small animal PET were developed to measure the depth of interaction (DOI), and to improve the spatial resolution at the edge of the field of view (FOV). The aim of this study was to optimize the optical coupling conditions between the crystal and photomultiplier tube (PMT) to maximize the light-collection efficiency, and to develop a method for rejecting scatter events by applying an equal energy window in each crystal layer. The light yields of the phoswich detector were estimated by changing the refractive index of the optical coupling material using a DETECT simulation. The accuracy of the DOI measurement on the phoswich detector, using an optical coupling material with the optimal light yield, were evaluated experimentally and compared with the air condition. The energy window for the photopeak events cannot be applied properly because the light outputs of LSO and LuYAP are different. The LSO/LuYAP photopeaks need to be superposed in order to effectively discriminate the scattered events by applying an equal energy window. The photopeaks of the LSO and LuYAP can be superposed by inserting a reflecting material between the crystals. The optimal coverage ratio of the inserting material was derived from a DETECT simulation, and its performance was investigated. In the simulation result, optimal refractive index of the optical coupling material was 1.7. The average DOI measurement errors of the LSO/LuYAP were 0.6%/3.4% and 4.9%/41.4% in the phoswich detector with and without an optical coupling material, respectively. The photopeaks of the LSO and LuYAP were superposed by covering 75% of the contact surface between the crystals with white Teflon. The DOI measurement errors of the LSO/LuYAP were 0.2%/2.4%. In this study, the optimal condition of the optical coupling material inserted between the crystal and PMT was derived to improve the accuracy of DOI measurement, and a photopeak superposition method of the LSO and LuYAP was

  17. Influence of Homogenization and Micro/Nano Source of Starting Powders on Format Ion of the Single YAP Phase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michalik D.

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Manufacturing high purity polycrystalline YAlO3 (YAP ceramics could replace monocrystalline YAP thus recently it is an interesting task for low cost producers of scintillators. The paper presents influence of different source of initial oxide powders (micro/nano powders of Y2O3 and Al2O3 and the method of their homogenization on the formation of a YAP phase. The solid state reaction method was used to prepare YAP powder or ceramic pellets. After preheating, all samples in the form of powders and pellets were heat-treated in the temperature range of 1050-1650 °C. DTA method was applied for examination of the phase crystallization in the tested system. X-ray diffraction method (XRD was used for characterization of the phase composition. X-ray microanalysis (EDS was used to control homogeneity in the small areas. Morphology of the resultant samples are presented on SEM pictures. The results show a significant influence of the starting powders on the homogeneity, purity and temperature of formation of the main phase.

  18. Efficient 2-μm Tm:YAP Q-switched and CW lasers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hays, A. D.; Cole, Brian; King, Vernon; Goldberg, Lew

    2018-02-01

    Highly efficient, diode pumped Tm:YAP lasers generating emission in the 1.85-1.94 μm range are demonstrated and characterized. Laser optical efficiencies of 51% and 45%, and electrical efficiencies of 31% and 25% are achieved under CW and Q-switched operation, respectively. Laser performance was characterized for maximum average powers up to 20W with various cavity configurations, all using an intra-cavity lens to compensate for thermal lensing in the Tm:YAP crystal. Q-switched lasers incorportating a Cr:ZnS saturable absorber (SA), resonant mechanical mirror scanner, or acousto-optic modulator were characterized. To enable higher average output powers, measurements of the thermal lens were conducted for the Tm:YAP crystal as a function of pump power and were compared to values predicted by a finiteelement- analysis (FEA) thermal-optical model of the Tm:YAP crystal. A resonator model is developed to incorporate this calculated thermal lens and its effect on laser performance. This paper will address approaches for improving the performance of Tm:YAP lasers, and means for achieving increased average output powers while maintaining high optical efficiency for both SA and mechanical Q-switching.

  19. Light emission efficiency and imaging properties of YAP:Ce granular phosphor screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalivas, N.; Valais, I.; Nikolopoulos, D.; Konstantinidis, A.; Cavouras, D.; Kandarakis, I.; Gaitanis, A.; Nomicos, C.D.; Panayiotakis, G.

    2007-01-01

    Phosphor materials are used in medical imaging combined with radiographic film or other photodetectors. Cerium (Ce 3+ ) -doped scintillators are of particular interest for medical imaging, because of their very fast response. YAP:Ce scintillator-based image detectors have already been evaluated in single-crystal form and under conditions of positron emission tomography and synchrotron or γ-ray irradiation. Furthermore, YAP:Ce phosphor has been evaluated in conjunction with radiographic films. The present work reports experimental and theoretical data concerning the light output absolute luminescence efficiency (AE) of the YAP:Ce screens under irradiation conditions employed in medical X-ray projection imaging (i.e., in diagnostic radiology). projection imaging (i.e., in diagnostic radiology). YAP:Ce phosphor screens with surface densities ranging between 53 and 110 mg/cm 2 were prepared by sedimentation on fused silica substrates in our laboratory. The resulted surface density of the screens was determined by dividing the phosphor mass deposited on the screen surface with the area of the surface. Additionally this work addresses the imaging performance of YAP:Ce by estimation of the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), i.e., the square of the signal to noise ratio transfer. Absolute efficiency was found to decrease with X-ray tube voltage for for YAP:Ce phosphor. The highest experimental efficiency was obtained for the 53.7 mg/cm 2 and 88.0 mg/cm 2 YAP:Ce screens. The highest DQE value was found for the 88.0 mg/cm 2 screen irradiated at 60 kVp. (orig.)

  20. Pi3kcb links Hippo-YAP and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Zhiqiang; Zhou, Pingzhu; von Gise, Alexander; Gu, Fei; Ma, Qing; Chen, Jinghai; Guo, Haidong; van Gorp, Pim R R; Wang, Da-Zhi; Pu, William T

    2015-01-02

    Yes-associated protein (YAP), the nuclear effector of Hippo signaling, regulates cellular growth and survival in multiple organs, including the heart, by interacting with TEA (transcriptional enhancer activator)-domain sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Recent studies showed that YAP stimulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival. However, the direct transcriptional targets through which YAP exerts its effects are poorly defined. To identify direct YAP targets that mediate its mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects in the heart. We identified direct YAP targets by combining differential gene expression analysis in YAP gain- and loss-of-function with genome-wide identification of YAP-bound loci using chromatin immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing. This screen identified Pik3cb, encoding p110β, a catalytic subunit of phosphoinositol-3-kinase, as a candidate YAP effector that promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival. YAP and TEA-domain occupied a conserved enhancer within the first intron of Pik3cb, and this enhancer drove YAP-dependent reporter gene expression. Yap gain- and loss-of-function studies indicated that YAP is necessary and sufficient to activate the phosphoinositol-3-kinase-Akt pathway. Like Yap, Pik3cb gain-of-function stimulated cardiomyocyte proliferation, and Pik3cb knockdown dampened YAP mitogenic activity. Reciprocally, impaired heart function in Yap loss-of-function was significantly rescued by adeno-associated virus-mediated Pik3cb expression. Pik3cb is a crucial direct target of YAP, through which the YAP activates phosphoinositol-3-kinase-AKT pathway and regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival. © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.

  1. Derin Yapı Yüzey Yapı İlişkisi Bağlamında Temel Dil Becerileri Üzerine Bir Analiz Çalışması

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bilginer ONAN

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, derin yapı yüzey yapı ilişkileri bağlamında, ana dili eğitiminde temel dil becerileri olarak kabul edilen dinleme, konuşma, okuma ve yazma kavramları analiz edilmiştir. Birinci bölümde, ilk kez Port Royal Gramer Okulu tarafından ortaya konan ve 1960’larda Noam Chomsky tarafından Üretimci Dönüşümsel Dil Bilgisi kuramıyla tekrar gündeme getirilen derin yapı ve yüzey yapı kavramları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise derin yapı ve yüzey yapı ilişkileri çerçevesinde dinleme, konuşma, okuma ve yazma becerileri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, dilin iki temel boyutu olan anlam ve biçim ilişkileri bağlamında, temel dil becerilerinin eğitimi sürecinde belirleyici olan unsurları tespit ederek, sürecin programlanmasına yönelik öneriler geliştirmektir. Çalışma çerçevesinde yapılan analizlerde boğumlama, bürün olguları, beden dili, üretici kelime hazinesi, alıcı kelime hazinesi, akıcılık, metin türü, yazım ve noktalama, bağdaşıklık, tutarlılık, ön bilgi, kelime tanıma, kelime ayırt etme, edinilmiş bilgi, önvarsayım, sezdirim kavramlarının derin yapı yüzey yapı ilişkileri bağlamında temel dil becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde süreci etkileyen unsurlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu kavramlar arasında boğumlama, bürün olgusu, beden dili, akıcılık, bağdaşıklık, metin türü, kelime tanıma, kelime ayırt etme, yazım ve noktalama, doğrudan yüzey yapıyla ilgilidir. Üretici kelime hazinesi, akıcılık, alıcı kelime hazinesi, tutarlılık, ön bilgi, edinilmiş bilgi, önvarsayım ve sezdirim kavramları ise derin yapıyı ilgilendirmektedir. Akıcılık kavramının bütün dil becerileriyle ilgili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

  2. Nf2-Yap signaling controls the expansion of DRG progenitors and glia during DRG development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serinagaoglu, Yelda; Paré, Joshua; Giovannini, Marco; Cao, Xinwei

    2015-02-01

    Molecular mechanisms governing the maintenance and proliferation of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) progenitors are largely unknown. Here we reveal that the Hippo pathway regulates the expansion of DRG progenitors and glia during mammalian DRG development. The key effectors of this pathway, transcriptional coactivators Yap and Taz, are expressed in DRG progenitors and glia during DRG development but are at least partially inhibited from activating transcription. Aberrant YAP activation leads to overexpansion of DRG progenitor and glial populations. We further show that the Neurofibromatosis 2 (Nf2) tumor suppressor inhibits Yap during DRG development. Loss of Nf2 leads to similar phenotypes as does YAP hyperactivation, and deleting Yap suppresses these phenotypes. Our study demonstrates that Nf2-Yap signaling plays important roles in controlling the expansion of DRG progenitors and glia during DRG development. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Vanillin causes the activation of Yap1 and mitochondrial fragmentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nguyen, Trinh Thi My; Iwaki, Aya; Ohya, Yoshikazu; Izawa, Shingo

    2014-01-01

    Vanillin and furfural are derived from lignocellulosic biomass and inhibit yeast growth and fermentation as biomass conversion inhibitors. Furfural has been shown to induce oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Since there has been no report on the relationship between vanillin and oxidative stress, we investigated whether vanillin caused oxidative stress in yeast cells. We showed that vanillin caused the nuclear accumulation of Yap1, an oxidative stress responsive transcription factor, and subsequent transcriptional activation of Yap1-target genes. The growth of the null mutant of the YAP1 gene (yap1Δ) was delayed in the presence of vanillin, which indicated that Yap1 plays a role in the acquisition of tolerance to vanillin. We also demonstrated that vanillin facilitated the fragmentation of mitochondria. These findings suggest that the toxicity of vanillin involves damage induced by oxidative stress. Copyright © 2013 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Hippo/Yap signaling controls epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic and adult lung

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lange, Alexander W.; Sridharan, Anusha; Xu, Yan; Stripp, Barry R.; Perl, Anne-Karina; Whitsett, Jeffrey A.

    2015-01-01

    The Hippo/Yap pathway is a well-conserved signaling cascade that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation to control organ size and stem/progenitor cell behavior. Following airway injury, Yap was dynamically regulated in regenerating airway epithelial cells. To determine the role of Hippo signaling in the lung, the mammalian Hippo kinases, Mst1 and Mst2, were deleted in epithelial cells of the embryonic and mature mouse lung. Mst1/2 deletion in the fetal lung enhanced proliferation and inhibited sacculation and epithelial cell differentiation. The transcriptional inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of differentiation during normal perinatal lung maturation were inversely regulated following embryonic Mst1/2 deletion. Ablation of Mst1/2 from bronchiolar epithelial cells in the adult lung caused airway hyperplasia and altered differentiation. Inhibitory Yap phosphorylation was decreased and Yap nuclear localization and transcriptional targets were increased after Mst1/2 deletion, consistent with canonical Hippo/Yap signaling. YAP potentiated cell proliferation and inhibited differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Loss of Mst1/2 and expression of YAP regulated transcriptional targets controlling cell proliferation and differentiation, including Ajuba LIM protein. Ajuba was required for the effects of YAP on cell proliferation in vitro. Hippo/Yap signaling regulates Ajuba and controls proliferation and differentiation of lung epithelial progenitor cells. PMID:25480985

  5. LIX1 regulates YAP1 activity and controls the proliferation and differentiation of stomach mesenchymal progenitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKey, Jennifer; Martire, Delphine; de Santa Barbara, Pascal; Faure, Sandrine

    2016-04-28

    Smooth muscle cell (SMC) plasticity maintains the balance between differentiated SMCs and proliferative mesenchymal progenitors, crucial for muscular tissue homeostasis. Studies on the development of mesenchymal progenitors into SMCs have proven useful in identifying molecular mechanisms involved in digestive musculature plasticity in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we show that Limb Expression 1 (LIX1) molecularly defines the population of mesenchymal progenitors in the developing stomach. Using in vivo functional approaches in the chick embryo, we demonstrate that LIX1 is a key regulator of stomach SMC development. We show that LIX1 is required for stomach SMC determination to regulate the expression of the pro-proliferative gene YAP1 and mesenchymal cell proliferation. However, as stomach development proceeds, sustained LIX1 expression has a negative impact on further SMC differentiation and this is associated with a decrease in YAP1 activity. We demonstrate that expression of LIX1 must be tightly regulated to allow fine-tuning of the transcript levels and state of activation of the pro-proliferative transcriptional coactivator YAP1 to regulate proliferation rates of stomach mesenchymal progenitors and their differentiation. Our data highlight dual roles for LIX1 and YAP1 and provide new insights into the regulation of cell density-dependent proliferation, which is essential for the development and homeostasis of organs.

  6. The Hippo/YAP pathway interacts with EGFR signaling and HPV oncoproteins to regulate cervical cancer progression

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, Chunbo; Mao, Dagan; Hua, Guohua; Lv, Xiangmin; Chen, Xingcheng; Angeletti, Peter C; Dong, Jixin; Remmenga, Steven W; Rodabaugh, Kerry J; Zhou, Jin; Lambert, Paul F; Yang, Peixin; Davis, John S; Wang, Cheng

    2015-01-01

    The Hippo signaling pathway controls organ size and tumorigenesis through a kinase cascade that inactivates Yes-associated protein (YAP). Here, we show that YAP plays a central role in controlling the progression of cervical cancer. Our results suggest that YAP expression is associated with a poor prognosis for cervical cancer. TGF-α and amphiregulin (AREG), via EGFR, inhibit the Hippo signaling pathway and activate YAP to induce cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration. Activated YAP allows for up-regulation of TGF-α, AREG, and EGFR, forming a positive signaling loop to drive cervical cancer cell proliferation. HPV E6 protein, a major etiological molecule of cervical cancer, maintains high YAP protein levels in cervical cancer cells by preventing proteasome-dependent YAP degradation to drive cervical cancer cell proliferation. Results from human cervical cancer genomic databases and an accepted transgenic mouse model strongly support the clinical relevance of the discovered feed-forward signaling loop. Our study indicates that combined targeting of the Hippo and the ERBB signaling pathways represents a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. PMID:26417066

  7. Cost of a measles outbreak in a remote island economy: 2014 Federated States of Micronesia measles outbreak.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pike, Jamison; Tippins, Ashley; Nyaku, Mawuli; Eckert, Maribeth; Helgenberger, Louisa; Underwood, J Michael

    2017-10-13

    After 20years with no reported measles cases, on May 15, 2014 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was notified of two cases testing positive for measles-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Under the Compact of Free Association, FSM receives immunization funding and technical support from the United States (US) domestic vaccination program managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In a collaborative effort, public health officials and volunteers from FSM and the US government worked to respond and contain the measles outbreak through an emergency mass vaccination campaign, contact tracing, and other outbreak investigation activities. Contributions were also made by United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO). Total costs incurred as a result of the outbreak were nearly $4,000,000; approximately $10,000 per case. Direct medical costs (≈$141,000) were incurred in the treatment of those individuals infected, as well as lost productivity of the infected and informal caregivers (≈$250,000) and costs to contain the outbreak (≈$3.5 million). We assessed the economic burden of the 2014 measles outbreak to FSM, as well as the economic responsibilities of the US. Although the US paid the majority of total costs of the outbreak (≈67%), examining each country's costs relative to their respective economy illustrates a far greater burden to FSM. We demonstrate that while FSM was heavily assisted by the US in responding to the 2014 Measles Outbreak, the outbreak significantly impacted their economy. FSM's economic burden from the outbreak is approximately equivalent to their entire 2016 Fiscal Year budget dedicated to education. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  8. YAP Inhibition by Resveratrol via Activation of AMPK Enhances the Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhengdong Jiang

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in most plants, inhibits the growth of numerous cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Aberrant expression of YAP has been reported to activate multiple growth-regulatory pathways and confer anti-apoptotic abilities to many cancer cells. However, the role of resveratrol in YES-activated protein (YAP expression and that of YAP in pancreatic cancer cells’ response to gemcitabine resistance remain elusive. In this study, we found that resveratrol suppressed the proliferation and cloning ability and induced the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. These multiple biological effects might result from the activation of AMP-activation protein kinase (AMPK (Thr172 and, thus, the induction of YAP cytoplasmic retention, Ser127 phosphorylation, and the inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity by resveratrol. YAP silencing by siRNA or resveratrol enhanced the sensitivity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that resveratrol could increase the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by inhibiting YAP expression. More importantly, our work reveals that resveratrol is a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, and YAP may serve as a promising target for sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy.

  9. Transcriptional integration of mitogenic and mechanical signals by Myc and YAP.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Croci, Ottavio; De Fazio, Serena; Biagioni, Francesca; Donato, Elisa; Caganova, Marieta; Curti, Laura; Doni, Mirko; Sberna, Silvia; Aldeghi, Deborah; Biancotto, Chiara; Verrecchia, Alessandro; Olivero, Daniela; Amati, Bruno; Campaner, Stefano

    2017-10-15

    Mammalian cells must integrate environmental cues to determine coherent physiological responses. The transcription factors Myc and YAP-TEAD act downstream from mitogenic signals, with the latter responding also to mechanical cues. Here, we show that these factors coordinately regulate genes required for cell proliferation. Activation of Myc led to extensive association with its genomic targets, most of which were prebound by TEAD. At these loci, recruitment of YAP was Myc-dependent and led to full transcriptional activation. This cooperation was critical for cell cycle entry, organ growth, and tumorigenesis. Thus, Myc and YAP-TEAD integrate mitogenic and mechanical cues at the transcriptional level to provide multifactorial control of cell proliferation. © 2017 Croci et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

  10. Acquisition of omptin reveals cryptic virulence function of autotransporter YapE in Yersinia pestis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pennington, Jarrod; Miller, Virginia L.

    2013-01-01

    SUMMARY Autotransporters, the largest family of secreted proteins in Gram negative bacteria, perform a variety of functions, including adherence, cytotoxicity, and immune evasion. In Yersinia pestis the autotransporter YapE has adhesive properties and contributes to bubonic infection of the mouse model. Here, we demonstrate that omptin cleavage of Y. pestis YapE is required to mediate bacterial aggregation and adherence to eukaryotic cells. We demonstrate that omptin cleavage is specific for the Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis YapE orthologs but is not conserved in the Y. enterocolitica protein. We also show that cleavage of YapE occurs in Y. pestis but not in the enteric Yersinia species, and requires the omptin Pla (plasminogen activator protease), which is encoded on the Y. pestis-specific plasmid pPCP1. Together, these data show that post-translation modification of YapE appears to be specific to Y. pestis, was acquired along with the acquisition of pPCP1 during the divergence of Y. pestis from Y. pseudotuberculosis, and are the first evidence of a novel mechanism to regulate bacterial adherence. PMID:23701256

  11. YAP regulates the expression of Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 in mouse and human oral and skin epithelial tissues.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Ming; Zhao, Shuangyun; Lin, Qingjie; Wang, Xiu-Ping

    2015-04-01

    Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a Hippo signaling transcriptional coactivator that plays pivotal roles in stem cell proliferation, organ size control, and tumor development. The downstream targets of YAP have been shown to be highly context dependent. In this study, we used the embryonic mouse tooth germ as a tool to search for the downstream targets of YAP in ectoderm-derived tissues. Yap deficiency in the dental epithelium resulted in a small tooth germ with reduced epithelial cell proliferation. We compared the gene expression profiles of embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) Yap conditional knockout and YAP transgenic mouse tooth germs using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and further confirmed the differentially expressed genes using real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. We found that YAP regulates the expression of Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 in oral and dental epithelial tissues as well as in the epidermis of skin during embryonic and adult stages. Sphere formation assay suggested that Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 are functionally involved in YAP-regulated epithelial progenitor cell proliferation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay implies that YAP may regulate Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 expression through TEAD transcription factors. These results provide mechanistic insights into abnormal YAP activities in mice and humans. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

  12. RUNX1 and RUNX3 protect against YAP-mediated EMT, stem-ness and shorter survival outcomes in breast cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kulkarni, Madhura; Tan, Tuan Zea; Syed Sulaiman, Nurfarhanah Bte; Lamar, John M.; Bansal, Prashali; Cui, Jianzhou; Qiao, Yiting; Ito, Yoshiaki

    2018-01-01

    Hippo pathway target, YAP has emerged as an important player in solid tumor progression. Here, we identify RUNX1 and RUNX3 as novel negative regulators of oncogenic function of YAP in the context of breast cancer. RUNX proteins are one of the first transcription factors identified to interact with YAP. RUNX1 or RUNX3 expression abrogates YAP-mediated pro-tumorigenic properties of mammary epithelial cell lines in an interaction dependent manner. RUNX1 and RUNX3 inhibit YAP-mediated migration and stem-ness properties of mammary epithelial cell lines by co-regulating YAP-mediated gene expression. Analysis of whole genome expression profiles of breast cancer samples revealed significant co-relation between YAP–RUNX1/RUNX3 expression levels and survival outcomes of breast cancer patients. High RUNX1/RUNX3 expression proved protective towards YAP-dependent patient survival outcomes. High YAP in breast cancer patients’ expression profiles co-related with EMT and stem-ness gene signature enrichment. High RUNX1/RUNX3 expression along with high YAP reflected lower enrichment of EMT and stem-ness signatures. This antagonistic activity of RUNX1 and RUNX3 towards oncogenic function of YAP identified in mammary epithelial cells as well as in breast cancer expression profiles gives a novel mechanistic insight into oncogene–tumor suppressor interplay in the context of breast cancer progression. The novel interplay between YAP, RUNX1 and RUNX3 and its significance in breast cancer progression can serve as a prognostic tool to predict cancer recurrence. PMID:29581836

  13. Geometrik Yapıların İnşasında Pergel ve Çizgecin Kullanımı

    OpenAIRE

    Erduran, Ayten; Yeşildere, Sibel

    2010-01-01

    Bu yapıda üç matematik öğretinin pergel ve çizgeçmenin geometrik yapıları süreçleri incelenmektedir. Öğretmenlerin geometri yapı yapımı ve ilgili dersleri video kamera ile kaydedilmiş ve derslerdeki öğretmen-öğrenci-araç üçlüsü arasındaki etkileşim incelenmiştir. Ders Kitaplığı içeren öğretmenlerle görüşmeler yapıldı. Çalışmada üç matematik öğretmeninin pergel ve çizgeci geometrik yapılar yapı mühendisliği. Araştırma pergel ve çizgeçle geometrik yapıların inşasına ezbere bir anlayışla öğretme...

  14. Indigenous Fallow Management on Yap Island

    Science.gov (United States)

    M.V.C. Falanruw; Francis Ruegorong

    2002-01-01

    On Yap Island, indigenous management of the fallow in shifting agriculture has resulted in the development of site-stable taro patch and tree garden agroforestry systems. These systems are relatively sustainable and supportive of household economies , with some surplus for local market sales. however, a broad range of crops whose harvest is complementary to those...

  15. Hippo Signaling Regulates Pancreas Development through Inactivation of Yap

    Science.gov (United States)

    Day, Caroline E.; Boerner, Brian P.; Johnson, Randy L.; Sarvetnick, Nora E.

    2012-01-01

    The mammalian pancreas is required for normal metabolism, with defects in this vital organ commonly observed in cancer and diabetes. Development must therefore be tightly controlled in order to produce a pancreas of correct size, cell type composition, and physiologic function. Through negative regulation of Yap-dependent proliferation, the Hippo kinase cascade is a critical regulator of organ growth. To investigate the role of Hippo signaling in pancreas biology, we deleted Hippo pathway components in the developing mouse pancreas. Unexpectedly, the pancreas from Hippo-deficient offspring was reduced in size, with defects evident throughout the organ. Increases in the dephosphorylated nuclear form of Yap are apparent throughout the exocrine compartment and correlate with increases in levels of cell proliferation. However, the mutant exocrine tissue displays extensive disorganization leading to pancreatitis-like autodigestion. Interestingly, our results suggest that Hippo signaling does not directly regulate the pancreas endocrine compartment as Yap expression is lost following endocrine specification through a Hippo-independent mechanism. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Hippo signaling plays a crucial role in pancreas development and provide novel routes to a better understanding of pathological conditions that affect this organ. PMID:23071096

  16. YAP1 regulates prostate cancer stem cell-like characteristics to promote castration resistant growth

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jiang, Ning; Ke, Binghu; Hjort-Jensen, Kim

    2017-01-01

    Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a stage of relapse that arises after various forms of androgen ablation therapy (ADT) and causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanism underlying progression to CRPC remains poorly understood. Here, we report that YAP1, which...... is negatively regulated by AR, influences prostate cancer (PCa) cell self-renewal and CRPC development. Specifically, we found that AR directly regulates the methylation of YAP1 gene promoter via the formation of a complex with Polycomb group protein EZH2 and DNMT3a. In normal conditions, AR recruits EZH2......-differentiation of PCa cells to stem/progenitor-like cells (PCSC), which potentially contribute to disease recurrence. Finally, the knock down of YAP1 expression or the inhibition of YAP1 function by Verteporfin in TRAMP prostate cancer mice significantly suppresses tumor recurrence following castration. In conclusion...

  17. Chemical Characteristics of Seawater and Sediment in the Yap Trench

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, H.; Sun, C.; Yang, G.

    2017-12-01

    In June 2016, seawater samples at sediment-seawater interface and sediment samples were collected by the he Jiaolong, China's manned submersible, at four sampling sites located in the Yap Trench. Seawater samples from different depths of the trench were also collected by CTD. Chemical parameters, including pH, alkanility, concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved and total organic carbon, methane, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, nutrients, carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed in the seawater samples. Concentrations of total organic carbon, six constant elements and nine trace elements were determined in the sediment samples. All the vertical profiles of the chemical parameters in the seawater have unique characteristics. Our resluts also showed that the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) was between 4500 m and 5000 m in the trench. The hadal sediment at 6500 m depth under the CCD line was siliceous ooze favored for the burial of orgaic carbon, attributed to accumulation of surface sediment by gravity flow. The abyssal sediment at the 4500 m depth was calcareous ooze. Various microfossils, such as discoasters and diatoms, were identified in different sediment layers of the sediment samples.Based on the ratios of Fe/Al and Ti/Al, and the correlation between different elements, the sediment in the Yap Trench were derived from biogenic, terrestrial, volcanic and autogenic sources. The ratios of Ni/Co and V/Cr showed that the deposition environment of the trench should be oxidative, arributed to inflow of the Antractic bottom oxygen-rich seawater.The high concentraiont of Ca in the sediment from the station 371-Yap-S02 below 4 cm depth indicated that there was no large-scale volcanic eruption in the research area and the volcanic materials in the sediment might orginated from the Mariana Volcanic Arc, and the Carolyn Ridge has been slowly sinking on the east side of the trench due to plate subduction. This study is the first systematic study of

  18. Nuclear localization of the transcriptional coactivator YAP is associated with invasive lobular breast cancer

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Vlug, E.J.; Ven, R.A. van de; Vermeulen, J.F.; Bult, P.; Diest, P.J. van; Derksen, P.W.B.

    2013-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Yes Associated Protein (YAP) has been implicated in the control of organ size by regulating cell proliferation and survival. YAP is a transcriptional coactivator that controls cellular responses through interaction with TEAD transcription factors in the nucleus, while its transcriptional

  19. WIP-YAP/TAZ as A New Pro-Oncogenic Pathway in Glioma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Rivas

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available Wild-type p53 (wtp53 is described as a tumour suppressor gene, and mutations in p53 occur in many human cancers. Indeed, in high-grade malignant glioma, numerous molecular genetics studies have established central roles of RTK-PI3K-PTEN and ARF-MDM2-p53 INK4a-RB pathways in promoting oncogenic capacity. Deregulation of these signalling pathways, among others, drives changes in the glial/stem cell state and environment that permit autonomous growth. The initially transformed cell may undergo subsequent modifications, acquiring a more complete tumour-initiating phenotype responsible for disease advancement to stages that are more aggressive. We recently established that the oncogenic activity of mutant p53 (mtp53 is driven by the actin cytoskeleton-associated protein WIP (WASP-interacting protein, correlated with tumour growth, and more importantly that both proteins are responsible for the tumour-initiating cell phenotype. We reported that WIP knockdown in mtp53-expressing glioblastoma greatly reduced proliferation and growth capacity of cancer stem cell (CSC-like cells and decreased CSC-like markers, such as hyaluronic acid receptor (CD44, prominin-1 (CD133, yes-associated protein (YAP and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ. We thus propose a new CSC signalling pathway downstream of mtp53 in which Akt regulates WIP and controls YAP/TAZ stability. WIP drives a mechanism that stimulates growth signals, promoting YAP/TAZ and β-catenin stability in a Hippo-independent fashion, which allows cells to coordinate processes such as proliferation, stemness and invasiveness, which are key factors in cancer progression. Based on this multistep tumourigenic model, it is tantalizing to propose that WIP inhibitors may be applied as an effective anti-cancer therapy.

  20. YAP:Ce and CsI(Tl) detectors for dielectronic recombination experiment at the CSRm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wen, W.Q.; Ma, X.; Xu, W.Q.; Meng, L.J.; Zhu, X.L.; Gao, Y.; Wang, S.L.; Zhang, P.J.; Zhao, D.M.; Liu, H.P.; Zhu, L.F.; Yang, X.D.; Li, J.; Ma, X.M.; Yan, T.L.; Yang, J.C.; Yuan, Y.J.; Xia, J.W.; Xu, H.S.; Xiao, G.Q.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • YAP:Ce and CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors are developed to detect heavy ions at the storage ring. • A high count rate of ∼10 7 s −1 is obtained with the YAP:Ce detector for heavy ion detection. • YAP:Ce detector shows good performance for DR experiment with 3.7 MeV/u 112 Sn 35+ . -- Abstract: The storage ring CSRm in Lanzhou provides good possibilities for electron-ion collision studies with cooled ion beams. To carry on the recombination experiment at the CSRm, a scintillation detector CsI(Tl) to detect the recombined ions was developed and tested. In addition, a YAP:Ce detector has been developed and installed at CSRm and capability of handling a high count rate of ∼10 7 s −1 has been obtained which is sufficient for the future dielectronic recombination experiment at the CSRm. The comparison of the characteristics of these two detectors is presented

  1. Hyaluronic acid enhances cell migration and invasion via the YAP1/TAZ-RHAMM axis in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shigeeda, Wataru; Shibazaki, Masahiko; Yasuhira, Shinji; Masuda, Tomoyuki; Tanita, Tatsuo; Kaneko, Yuka; Sato, Tatsuhiro; Sekido, Yoshitaka; Maesawa, Chihaya

    2017-11-07

    Most malignant mesotheliomas (MPMs) frequently show activated forms of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which transcriptionally regulates the receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM). As RHAMM is involved in cell migration and invasion in various tumors, we speculated that hyaluronic acid (HA) in pleural fluid might affect the progression of mesothelioma by stimulating cell migration and invasion through RHAMM. The level of RHAMM expression was decreased by YAP1/TAZ knockdown, and conversely increased by forced expression of the active form of YAP1, suggesting that RHAMM was regulated by YAP1/TAZ in MPM cells. Cell migration and invasion were also decreased by YAP1/TAZ or RHAMM knockdown. Notably, HA treatment increased cell motility and invasion, and this was abolished by RHAMM knockdown, suggesting that HA may augment local progression of MPM cells via RHAMM. Furthermore, treatment with fluvastatin, which regulates RHAMM transcription by modulating YAP1/TAZ activity, decreased the motility and invasion of MPM cells. Collectively, these data suggest that HA is an "unfavorable" factor because it promotes malignancy in mesothelioma and that the YAP1/TAZ-RHAMM axis may have potential value as a therapeutic target for inhibition of disease progression in MPM.

  2. Intercomparison of natural and technologically enhanced background radiation levels in Micronesia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Greenhouse, N.A.; Miltenberger, R.P.

    1982-01-01

    The United States Pacific Nuclear Testing Program resulted in local and regional fallout contamination of islands in the central Pacific basin, in an area which is generically known as Micronesia. Since all of the Marshall Islands are low coral islands or atolls, the natural radioactivity content of their soil is among the lowest on earth. In contrast, the high islands of the Caroline groups, to the west of the Marshalls, are characterized by volcanic soils having a significant complement of radionuclides of the uranium and thorium chains. Several field trips between 1975 and 1980 have afforded opportunities to study the natural radiation environments of the coral atolls of the Marshalls and several high islands in the Carolines. The results of these studies have indicated that significant contributions from radioactive fallout can be evaluated in-situ with relative ease on coral islands. In contrast, the higher natural radioactivity content of high island soils, as well as the greater distance of these islands from the test areas, combine to make evaluations of local fallout contributions from US Pacific tests indistinguishable from the contributions of the world-wide fallout

  3. Sub-cellular localisation studies may spuriously detect the Yes-associated protein, YAP, in nucleoli leading to potentially invalid conclusions of its function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Finch, Megan L; Passman, Adam M; Strauss, Robyn P; Yeoh, George C; Callus, Bernard A

    2015-01-01

    The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a potent transcriptional co-activator that functions as a nuclear effector of the Hippo signaling pathway. YAP is oncogenic and its activity is linked to its cellular abundance and nuclear localisation. Activation of the Hippo pathway restricts YAP nuclear entry via its phosphorylation by Lats kinases and consequent cytoplasmic retention bound to 14-3-3 proteins. We examined YAP expression in liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and surprisingly found that transformed LPCs did not show an increase in YAP abundance compared to the non-transformed LPCs from which they were derived. We then sought to ascertain whether nuclear YAP was more abundant in transformed LPCs. We used an antibody that we confirmed was specific for YAP by immunoblotting to determine YAP's sub-cellular localisation by immunofluorescence. This antibody showed diffuse staining for YAP within the cytosol and nuclei, but, noticeably, it showed intense staining of the nucleoli of LPCs. This staining was non-specific, as shRNA treatment of cells abolished YAP expression to undetectable levels by Western blot yet the nucleolar staining remained. Similar spurious YAP nucleolar staining was also seen in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and mouse liver tissue, indicating that this antibody is unsuitable for immunological applications to determine YAP sub-cellular localisation in mouse cells or tissues. Interestingly nucleolar staining was not evident in D645 cells suggesting the antibody may be suitable for use in human cells. Given the large body of published work on YAP in recent years, many of which utilise this antibody, this study raises concerns regarding its use for determining sub-cellular localisation. From a broader perspective, it serves as a timely reminder of the need to perform appropriate controls to ensure the validity of published data.

  4. Arsenic-induced cutaneous hyperplastic lesions are associated with the dysregulation of Yap, a Hippo signaling-related protein

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Changzhao; Srivastava, Ritesh K.; Elmets, Craig A.; Afaq, Farrukh; Athar, Mohammad

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •Arsenic activates canonical Hippo signaling pathway and up-regulates αCatenin in the skin. •Arsenic activates transcriptional activity of Yap by its nuclear translocation. •Yap is involved in the disruption of tight/adherens junctions in arsenic-exposed animals. -- Abstract: Arsenic exposure in humans causes a number of toxic manifestations in the skin including cutaneous neoplasm. However, the mechanism of these alterations remains elusive. Here, we provide novel observations that arsenic induced Hippo signaling pathway in the murine skin. This pathway plays crucial roles in determining organ size during the embryonic development and if aberrantly activated in adults, contributes to the pathogenesis of epithelial neoplasm. Arsenic treatment enhanced phosphorylation-dependent activation of LATS1 kinase and other Hippo signaling regulatory proteins Sav1 and MOB1. Phospho-LATS kinase is known to catalyze the inactivation of a transcriptional co-activator, Yap. However, in arsenic-treated epidermis, we did not observed its inactivation. Thus, as expected, unphosphorylated-Yap was translocated to the nucleus in arsenic-treated epidermis. Yap by binding to the transcription factors TEADs induces transcription of its target genes. Consistently, an up-regulation of Yap-dependent target genes Cyr61, Gli2, Ankrd1 and Ctgf was observed in the skin of arsenic-treated mice. Phosphorylated Yap is important in regulating tight and adherens junctions through its binding to αCatenin. We found disruption of these junctions in the arsenic-treated mouse skin despite an increase in αCatenin. These data provide evidence that arsenic-induced canonical Hippo signaling pathway and Yap-mediated disruption of tight and adherens junctions are independently regulated. These effects together may contribute to the carcinogenic effects of arsenic in the skin

  5. Shikonin regulates C-MYC and GLUT1 expression through the MST1-YAP1-TEAD1 axis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vališ, Karel, E-mail: karel.valis@biomed.cas.cz [Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague (Czech Republic); Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Talacko, Pavel; Grobárová, Valéria [Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague (Czech Republic); Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Černý, Jan [Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Novák, Petr, E-mail: pnovak@biomed.cas.cz [Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague (Czech Republic); Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic)

    2016-12-10

    The general mechanism underlying the tumor suppressor activity of the Hippo signaling pathway remains unclear. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanisms connecting the Hippo signaling pathway with glucose metabolism. We have found that two key regulators of glycolysis, C-MYC and GLUT1, are targets of the Hippo signaling pathway in human leukemia cells. Our results revealed that activation of MST1 by the natural compound shikonin inhibited the expression of GLUT1 and C-MYC. Furthermore, RNAi experiments confirmed the regulation of GLUT1 and C-MYC expression via the MST1-YAP1-TEAD1 axis. Surprisingly, YAP1 was found to positively regulate C-MYC mRNA levels in complex with TEAD1, while it negatively regulates C-MYC levels in cooperation with MST1. Hence, YAP1 serves as a rheostat for C-MYC, which is regulated by MST1. In addition, depletion of MST1 stimulates lactate production, whereas the specific depletion of TEAD1 has an opposite effect. The inhibition of lactate production and cellular proliferation induced by shikonin also depends on the Hippo pathway activity. Finally, a bioinformatic analysis revealed conserved TEAD-binding motifs in the C-MYC and GLUT1 promoters providing another molecular data supporting our observations. In summary, regulation of glucose metabolism could serve as a new tumor suppressor mechanism orchestrated by the Hippo signaling pathway. - Highlights: • Shikonin inhibits C-MYC and GLUT1 expression in MST1 and YAP1 dependent manner. • YAP1-TEAD1 interaction activates C-MYC and GLUT1 expression. • MST1 in cooperation with YAP1 inhibits C-MYC and GLUT1 expression. • MST1-YAP1-TEAD1 axis regulates lactate production by leukemic cells. • MST1 and YAP1 proteins block proliferation of leukemic cells.

  6. Topographic and sedimentary features in the Yap subduction zone and their implications for the Caroline Ridge subduction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dong, Dongdong; Zhang, Zhengyi; Bai, Yongliang; Fan, Jianke; Zhang, Guangxu

    2018-01-01

    The Yap subduction zone in the western Pacific presents some unique features compared to normal intra-oceanic subduction zones such as the subduction of an oceanic plateau. However, due to the relative paucity of geophysical data, the detailed structure remains unknown in this area. In this study, we present the latest high-quality swath bathymetry and multi-channel seismic data acquired synchronously in 2015 across the Yap subduction zone. The topographic and sedimentary features are intensively investigated and a modified evolutionary model of the Yap subduction zone is proposed. The two-stage evolution of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB) produced fabrics that are N-S trending and NW-SE trending. Our seismic data clearly reveal landslide deposits at the upper slope break of the forearc, to the north of the Yap Island, which was identified as the fault notch denoting a lithological boundary in previous work. The swath bathymetry and seismic profile reveal detailed horst and graben structures, including a crescent-shaped fault zone near the contact between the Yap Trench and the Caroline Ridge. A simple geometric model is proposed to explain the structure formation, indicating that the higher topography of the Caroline Ridge resulted in enhanced bending-related extension. A seismic angular unconformity (named R1) is identified in the Sorol Trough, marking the onset of rifting in the trough. Based on the sequence thickness and deposition rate by Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), it is deduced that the Sorol Trough formed at 10 Ma or even earlier. A modified model for the Yap subduction zone evolution is proposed, incorporating three major tectonic events: the proto-Yap Arc rupture in the Oligocene, the collision of the Caroline Ridge and the Yap Trench in the late Oligocene or middle Miocene, and the onset of the Sorol Trough rifting in the late Miocene.

  7. Kamu bürokrasisinde yolsuzluğun yapılaşması

    OpenAIRE

    CENGİZ, Mahmut

    2009-01-01

    “Kamu Bürokrasisinde Yolsuzluğun Yapılasması” konulu tezçalısmasında, modernitenin yükselisi ile birlikte imal edilmis risklerin enönemlilerinden kabul edilen yolsuzluğun, Türkiye kamu bürokrasisindeyapılasıp yapılasmadığını ortaya koymak için betimleyici ve açıklayıcı birçalısma yapılması amaçlanmıstır. “Uluslararası Seffaflık Örgütü”nün yapmısolduğu yolsuzluk indeksinde orta sıralarda bulunan Türkiye, yolsuzluğunulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde olumsuz sonuçlarıyla karsılasmaktadır. ...

  8. Involvement of YAP, TAZ and HSP90 in contact guidance and intercellular junction formation in corneal epithelial cells.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vijay Krishna Raghunathan

    Full Text Available The extracellular environment possesses a rich milieu of biophysical and biochemical signaling cues that are simultaneously integrated by cells and influence cellular phenotype. Yes-associated protein (YAP and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (WWTR1; TAZ, two important signaling molecules of the Hippo pathway, have been recently implicated as nuclear relays of cytoskeletal changes mediated by substratum rigidity and topography. These proteins intersect with other important intracellular signaling pathways (e.g. Wnt and TGFβ. In the cornea, epithelial cells adhere to the stroma through a 3-dimensional topography-rich basement membrane, with features in the nano-submicron size-scale that are capable of profoundly modulating a wide range of fundamental cell behaviors. The influences of substratum-topography, YAP/TAZ knockdown, and HSP90 inhibition on cell morphology, YAP/TAZ localization, and the expression of TGFβ2 and CTGF, were investigated. The results demonstrate (a that knockdown of TAZ enhances contact guidance in a YAP dependent manner, (b that CTGF is predominantly regulated by YAP and not TAZ, and (c that TGFβ2 is regulated by both YAP and TAZ in these cells. Additionally, inhibition of HSP90 resulted in nuclear localization and subsequent transcriptional-activation of YAP, formation of cell-cell junctions and co-localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin at adherens junctions. Results presented in this study reflect the complexities underlying the molecular relationships between the cytoskeleton, growth factors, heat shock proteins, and co-activators of transcription that impact mechanotransduction. The data reveal the importance of YAP/TAZ on the cell behaviors, and gene and protein expression.

  9. YAP1 Regulates OCT4 Activity and SOX2 Expression to Facilitate Self-Renewal and Vascular Mimicry of Stem-Like Cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bora-Singhal, Namrata; Nguyen, Jonathan; Schaal, Courtney; Perumal, Deepak; Singh, Sandeep; Coppola, Domenico; Chellappan, Srikumar

    2015-06-01

    Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly correlated with smoking and has very low survival rates. Multiple studies have shown that stem-like cells contribute to the genesis and progression of NSCLC. Our results show that the transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which is the oncogenic component of the Hippo signaling pathway, is elevated in the stem-like cells from NSCLC and contributes to their self-renewal and ability to form angiogenic tubules. Inhibition of YAP1 by a small molecule or depletion of YAP1 by siRNAs suppressed self-renewal and vascular mimicry of stem-like cells. These effects of YAP1 were mediated through the embryonic stem cell transcription factor, Sox2. YAP1 could transcriptionally induce Sox2 through a physical interaction with Oct4; Sox2 induction occurred independent of TEAD2 transcription factor, which is the predominant mediator of YAP1 functions. The binding of Oct4 to YAP1 could be detected in cell lines as well as tumor tissues; the interaction was elevated in NSCLC samples compared to normal tissue as seen by proximity ligation assays. YAP1 bound to Oct4 through the WW domain, and a peptide corresponding to this region could disrupt the interaction. Delivery of the WW domain peptide to stem-like cells disrupted the interaction and abrogated Sox2 expression, self-renewal, and vascular mimicry. Depleting YAP1 reduced the expression of multiple epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes and prevented the growth and metastasis of tumor xenografts in mice; overexpression of Sox2 in YAP1 null cells rescued these functions. These results demonstrate a novel regulation of stem-like functions by YAP1, through the modulation of Sox2 expression. © 2015 AlphaMed Press.

  10. Radon gamma-ray spectrometry with YAP:Ce scintillator

    CERN Document Server

    Plastino, W; De Notaristefani, F

    2002-01-01

    The detection properties of a YAP:Ce scintillator (YAlO sub 3 :Ce crystal) optically coupled to a Hamamatsu H5784 photomultiplier with standard bialkali photocathode have been analyzed. In particular, the application to radon and radon-daughters gamma-ray spectrometry was investigated. The crystal response has been studied under severe extreme conditions to simulate environments of geophysical interest, particularly those found in geothermal and volcanic areas. Tests in water up to a temperature of 100 deg.C and in acids solutions such as HCl (37%), H sub 2 SO sub 4 (48%) and HNO sub 3 (65%) have been performed. The measurements with standard radon sources provided by the National Institute for Metrology of Ionizing Radiations (ENEA) have emphasized the non-hygroscopic properties of the scintillator and a small dependence of the light yield on temperature and HNO sub 3. The data collected in this first step of our research have pointed out that the YAP:Ce scintillator can allow high response stability for rad...

  11. Activation of the oxidative stress regulator PpYap1 through conserved cysteine residues during methanol metabolism in the yeast Pichia pastoris.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yano, Taisuke; Yurimoto, Hiroya; Sakai, Yasuyoshi

    2009-06-01

    The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris can grow on methanol as sole source of carbon and energy. The first reaction in yeast methanol metabolism, catalyzed by an abundant peroxisomal enzyme, alcohol oxidase, generates high levels of H(2)O(2), but the oxidative stress response during methanol metabolism has not been elucidated. In this study, we isolated the Yap1 homolog of P. pastoris (PpYap1) and analyzed the properties of a PpYAP1-disruption strain. The PpYap1 transcription factor is activated after exposure to various reactive agents, and therefore functions as a regulator of the redox system in P. pastoris. We have also identified PpGPX1, the unique glutathione peroxidase-encoding gene in P. pastoris whose expression is induced by PpYap1. PpGpx1, but not the ScTsa1 or SpTpx1 homolog PpTsa1, functions as a H(2)O(2) sensor and activates PpYap1. This study is the first demonstration of a yeast Yap1 family protein activated during conventional metabolism.

  12. The unexpected discovery of blind snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) in Micronesia: two new species of Ramphotyphlops from the Caroline Islands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Addison H. Wynn; Robert P. Reynolds; Donald W. Buden; Marjorie Falanruw; Brian. Lunch

    2012-01-01

    Two new blind snakes in the genus Ramphotyphlops are described from Ulithi (R. hatmaliyeb sp. nov.) and Ant Atoll (R.adocetus sp. nov.) in the Caroline Islands, the first blind snake species known from Micronesia east of Palau (excludingRamphotyphlops braminus). Both species are unusual in...

  13. Kahramanmaraş İlindeki Tekstil Firmalarının Dış Ticaret Yapısı

    OpenAIRE

    AKBAY, Cuma; DOĞAROĞLU, Sibel

    2016-01-01

    Bu araştırmada Kahramanmaraş ilinde faaliyet gösteren tekstil firmalarının dış ticaret yapısı incelenerek mevcut yapının ortaya konulması yanında; işletmelerin dış ticaret yapısının büyüklüklerini doğrudan nasıl etkilediğinin, işletmelerin dış ticaret yapısı ve Kahramanmaraş ilinde tekstil firmalarında ithalat-ihracat işlemlerinin profesyonel durumunun, dış ticaret biriminin öneminin, dış ticarette ihtiyaç duyulan bilgilerin, işletmelerin geçmiş yıllarda dış ticarette karşılaşmış olduğu sorun...

  14. Self-mode-locking operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:YAP laser with watt-level output power

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Su; Zhang, Xinlu; Huang, Jinjer; Wang, Tianhan; Dai, Junfeng; Dong, Guangzong

    2018-03-01

    We report on a high power continuous wave (CW) self-mode-locked Tm:YAP laser pumped by a 792 nm laser diode. Without any additional mode-locking elements in the cavity, stable and self-starting mode-locking operation has been realized. The threshold pump power of the CW self-mode-locked Tm:YAP laser is only 5.4 W. The maximum average output power is as high as 1.65 W at the pump power of 12 W, with the repetition frequency of 468 MHz and the center wavelength of 1943 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CW self-mode-locked Tm:YAP laser. The experiment results show that the Tm:YAP crystal is a promising gain medium for realizing the high power self-mode-locking operation at 2 µm.

  15. YAP(Ce) crystal characterization with proton beam up to 60 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Randazzo, N. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (I), Via S. Sofia, 64-I-95123 Catania (Italy)], E-mail: nunzio.randazzo@ct.infn.it; Sipala, V.; Aiello, S. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (I), Via S. Sofia, 64-I-95123 Catania (Italy); Lo Presti, D. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (I), Via S. Sofia, 64-I-95123 Catania (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita di Catania, Catania (Italy); Cirrone, G.A.P.; Cuttone, G.; Di Rosa, F. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Italy)

    2008-02-21

    A YAP(Ce) crystal was characterized with a proton beam up to 60 MeV. Tests were performed to investigate the possibility of using this detector as a proton calorimeter. The size of the crystal was chosen so that the proton energy is totally lost inside the medium. The authors propose to use the YAP(Ce) crystal in medical applications for proton therapy. In particular, in proton computed tomography (pCT) project it is necessary as a calorimeter in order to measure the proton residual energy after the phantom. Energy resolution, linearity, and light yield were measured in the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud with the CATANA proton beam [ (http://www.lns.infn.it/CATANA/CATANA)] and the results are shown in this paper. The crystal shows a good resolution (3% at 60 MeV proton beam) and it shows good linearity for different proton beam energies (1% at 30-60 MeV energy range). The crystal performances confirm that the YAP(Ce) crystal represents a good solution for these kinds of application.

  16. YAP(Ce) crystal characterization with proton beam up to 60 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Randazzo, N.; Sipala, V.; Aiello, S.; Lo Presti, D.; Cirrone, G.A.P.; Cuttone, G.; Di Rosa, F.

    2008-01-01

    A YAP(Ce) crystal was characterized with a proton beam up to 60 MeV. Tests were performed to investigate the possibility of using this detector as a proton calorimeter. The size of the crystal was chosen so that the proton energy is totally lost inside the medium. The authors propose to use the YAP(Ce) crystal in medical applications for proton therapy. In particular, in proton computed tomography (pCT) project it is necessary as a calorimeter in order to measure the proton residual energy after the phantom. Energy resolution, linearity, and light yield were measured in the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud with the CATANA proton beam [ (http://www.lns.infn.it/CATANA/CATANA)] and the results are shown in this paper. The crystal shows a good resolution (3% at 60 MeV proton beam) and it shows good linearity for different proton beam energies (1% at 30-60 MeV energy range). The crystal performances confirm that the YAP(Ce) crystal represents a good solution for these kinds of application

  17. YAP(Ce) crystal characterization with proton beam up to 60 MeV

    Science.gov (United States)

    Randazzo, N.; Sipala, V.; Aiello, S.; Lo Presti, D.; Cirrone, G. A. P.; Cuttone, G.; Di Rosa, F.

    2008-02-01

    A YAP(Ce) crystal was characterized with a proton beam up to 60 MeV. Tests were performed to investigate the possibility of using this detector as a proton calorimeter. The size of the crystal was chosen so that the proton energy is totally lost inside the medium. The authors propose to use the YAP(Ce) crystal in medical applications for proton therapy. In particular, in proton computed tomography (pCT) project it is necessary as a calorimeter in order to measure the proton residual energy after the phantom. Energy resolution, linearity, and light yield were measured in the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud with the CATANA proton beam [ http://www.lns.infn.it/CATANA/CATANA] and the results are shown in this paper. The crystal shows a good resolution (3% at 60 MeV proton beam) and it shows good linearity for different proton beam energies (1% at 30-60 MeV energy range). The crystal performances confirm that the YAP(Ce) crystal represents a good solution for these kinds of application.

  18. The Micronesia Challenge: Assessing the Relative Contribution of Stressors on Coral Reefs to Facilitate Science-to-Management Feedback.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Houk, Peter; Camacho, Rodney; Johnson, Steven; McLean, Matthew; Maxin, Selino; Anson, Jorg; Joseph, Eugene; Nedlic, Osamu; Luckymis, Marston; Adams, Katrina; Hess, Don; Kabua, Emma; Yalon, Anthony; Buthung, Eva; Graham, Curtis; Leberer, Trina; Taylor, Brett; van Woesik, Robert

    2015-01-01

    Fishing and pollution are chronic stressors that can prolong recovery of coral reefs and contribute to ecosystem decline. While this premise is generally accepted, management interventions are complicated because the contributions from individual stressors are difficult to distinguish. The present study examined the extent to which fishing pressure and pollution predicted progress towards the Micronesia Challenge, an international conservation strategy initiated by the political leaders of 6 nations to conserve at least 30% of marine resources by 2020. The analyses were rooted in a defined measure of coral-reef-ecosystem condition, comprised of biological metrics that described functional processes on coral reefs. We report that only 42% of the major reef habitats exceeded the ecosystem-condition threshold established by the Micronesia Challenge. Fishing pressure acting alone on outer reefs, or in combination with pollution in some lagoons, best predicted both the decline and variance in ecosystem condition. High variances among ecosystem-condition scores reflected the large gaps between the best and worst reefs, and suggested that the current scores were unlikely to remain stable through time because of low redundancy. Accounting for the presence of marine protected area (MPA) networks in statistical models did little to improve the models' predictive capabilities, suggesting limited efficacy of MPAs when grouped together across the region. Yet, localized benefits of MPAs existed and are expected to increase over time. Sensitivity analyses suggested that (i) grazing by large herbivores, (ii) high functional diversity of herbivores, and (iii) high predator biomass were most sensitive to fishing pressure, and were required for high ecosystem-condition scores. Linking comprehensive fisheries management policies with these sensitive metrics, and targeting the management of pollution, will strengthen the Micronesia Challenge and preserve ecosystem services that coral

  19. The Micronesia Challenge: Assessing the Relative Contribution of Stressors on Coral Reefs to Facilitate Science-to-Management Feedback.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Houk

    Full Text Available Fishing and pollution are chronic stressors that can prolong recovery of coral reefs and contribute to ecosystem decline. While this premise is generally accepted, management interventions are complicated because the contributions from individual stressors are difficult to distinguish. The present study examined the extent to which fishing pressure and pollution predicted progress towards the Micronesia Challenge, an international conservation strategy initiated by the political leaders of 6 nations to conserve at least 30% of marine resources by 2020. The analyses were rooted in a defined measure of coral-reef-ecosystem condition, comprised of biological metrics that described functional processes on coral reefs. We report that only 42% of the major reef habitats exceeded the ecosystem-condition threshold established by the Micronesia Challenge. Fishing pressure acting alone on outer reefs, or in combination with pollution in some lagoons, best predicted both the decline and variance in ecosystem condition. High variances among ecosystem-condition scores reflected the large gaps between the best and worst reefs, and suggested that the current scores were unlikely to remain stable through time because of low redundancy. Accounting for the presence of marine protected area (MPA networks in statistical models did little to improve the models' predictive capabilities, suggesting limited efficacy of MPAs when grouped together across the region. Yet, localized benefits of MPAs existed and are expected to increase over time. Sensitivity analyses suggested that (i grazing by large herbivores, (ii high functional diversity of herbivores, and (iii high predator biomass were most sensitive to fishing pressure, and were required for high ecosystem-condition scores. Linking comprehensive fisheries management policies with these sensitive metrics, and targeting the management of pollution, will strengthen the Micronesia Challenge and preserve ecosystem

  20. Structure of a 14-3-3σ–YAP phosphopeptide complex at 1.15 Å resolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schumacher, Benjamin; Skwarczynska, Malgorzata; Rose, Rolf; Ottmann, Christian

    2010-01-01

    The first structure of a 14-3-3 protein–phosphopeptide complex is reported at 1.15 Å resolution. The YAP 14-3-3-binding motif is revealed for the first time using crystallographic tools. The 14-3-3 proteins are a class of eukaryotic acidic adapter proteins, with seven isoforms in humans. 14-3-3 proteins mediate their biological function by binding to target proteins and influencing their activity. They are involved in pivotal pathways in the cell such as signal transduction, gene expression, enzyme activation, cell division and apoptosis. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a WW-domain protein that exists in two transcript variants of 48 and 54 kDa in humans. By transducing signals from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, YAP is important for transcriptional regulation. In both variants, interaction with 14-3-3 proteins after phosphorylation of Ser127 is important for nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, via which the localization of YAP is controlled. In this study, 14-3-3σ has been cloned, purified and crystallized in complex with a phosphopeptide from the YAP 14-3-3-binding domain, which led to a crystal that diffracted to 1.15 Å resolution. The crystals belonged to space group C222 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 82.3, b = 112.1, c = 62.9 Å

  1. Association of Socioeconomic Position and Demographic Characteristics with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Healthcare Access among Adults Living in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. M. Hosey

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD is increasing in low-to-middle income countries. We examined how socioeconomic and demographic characteristics may be associated with CVD risk factors and healthcare access in such countries. Methods. We extracted data from the World Health Organization’s STEPwise approach to surveillance 2002 cross-sectional dataset from Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM. We used these data to estimate associations for socioeconomic position (education, income, and employment and demographics (age, sex, and urban/rural with CVD risk factors and with healthcare access, among a sample of 1638 adults (25–64 years. Results. In general, we found significantly higher proportions of daily tobacco use among men than women and respondents reporting primary-level education (12 years. Results also revealed significant positive associations between paid employment and waist circumference and systolic blood pressure. Healthcare access did not differ significantly by socioeconomic position. Women reported significantly higher mean waist circumference than men. Conclusion. Our results suggest that socioeconomic position and demographic characteristics impact CVD risk factors and healthcare access in FSM. This understanding may help decision-makers tailor population-level policies and programs. The 2002 Pohnpei data provides a baseline; subsequent population health surveillance data might define trends.

  2. YAP scintillators for resonant detection of epithermal neutrons at pulsed neutron sources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tardocchi, M.; Gorini, G.; Pietropaolo, A.; Andreani, C.; Senesi, R.; Rhodes, N.; Schooneveld, E. M.

    2004-01-01

    Recent studies indicate the resonance detector (RD) technique as an interesting approach for neutron spectroscopy in the electron volt energy region. This work summarizes the results of a series of experiments where RD consisting of YAlO 3 (YAP) scintillators were used to detect scattered neutrons with energy in the range 1-200 eV. The response of YAP scintillators to radiative capture γ emission from a 238 U analyzer foil was characterized in a series of experiments performed on the VESUVIO spectrometer at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. In these experiments a biparametric data acquisition allowed the simultaneous measurements of both neutron time-of-flight and γ pulse height (energy) spectra. The analysis of the γ pulse height and neutron time of flight spectra permitted to identify and distinguish the signal and background components. These measurements showed that a significant improvement in the signal-to-background ratio can be achieved by setting a lower level discrimination on the pulse height at about 600 keV equivalent photon energy. Present results strongly indicate YAP scintillators as the ideal candidate for neutron scattering studies with epithermal neutrons at both very low (<5 deg.) and intermediate scattering angles

  3. The Completion of Non-Steady-State Queue Model on The Queue System in Dr. Yap Eye Hospital Yogyakarta

    Science.gov (United States)

    Helmi Manggala Putri, Arum; Subekti, Retno; Binatari, Nikenasih

    2017-06-01

    Dr Yap Eye Hospital Yogyakarta is one of the most popular reference eye hospitals in Yogyakarta. There are so many patients coming from other cities and many of them are BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, Social Security Administrative Bodies) patients. Therefore, it causes numerous BPJS patients were in long queue at counter C of the registration section so that it needs to be analysed using queue system. Queue system analysis aims to give queue model overview and determine its effectiveness measure. The data collecting technique used in this research are by interview and observation. After getting the arrival data and the service data of BPJS patients per 5 minutes, the next steps are investigating steady-state condition, examining the Poisson distribution, determining queue models, and counting the effectiveness measure. Based on the result of data observation on Tuesday, February 16th, 2016, it shows that the queue system at counter C has (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) queue model. The analysis result in counter C shows that the queue system is a non-steady-state condition. Three ways to cope a non-steady-state problem on queue system are proposed in this research such as bounding the capacity of queue system, adding the servers, and doing Monte Carlo simulation. The queue system in counter C will reach steady-state if the capacity of patients is not more than 52 BPJS patients or adding one more server. By using Monte Carlo simulation, it shows that the effectiveness measure of the average waiting time for BPJS patients in counter C is 36 minutes 65 seconds. In addition, the average queue length of BPJS patients is 11 patients.

  4. Temperature influence on spectroscopic properties and 2.7-μm lasing of Er:YAP crystal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Švejkar, Richard; Šulc, Jan; Němec, Michal; Jelínková, Helena; Nejezchleb, Karel; Čech, Miroslav

    2018-02-01

    The spectroscopic and laser properties of Er:YAP crystal, that is appropriate for generation at 2.7 μm, in temperature range 78 - 400 K are presented. The sample of Er:YAP (1 at. % of Er3+) had face-polished plan-parallel faces without anti-reflection coatings (thickness 4.47 mm). During experiments the Er:YAP was attached to temperature controlled copper holder and it was placed in vacuum chamber. The transmission and emission spectra together with the fluorescence decay time were measured depending on temperature. The Er:YAP crystal was longitudinally pumped by radiation from laser diode that works in pulse regime (repetition rate 66.6 Hz, pulse duration 1.5 ms, pump wavelength 972.5 nm) or in CW regime. Laser resonator was hemispherical, 145 mm in length with flat pumping mirror (HR @ 2.7 μm) and spherical output coupler (r = 150 mm, R = 95 % @ 2.5 - 2.8 μm). The fluorescence decay time of manifold 4I11/2 (upper laser level) became shorter and intensity of up-conversion radiation was increasing with decreasing temperature. In pulsed regime, the highest slope efficiency with respect to absorbed mean power was 1.27 % at 78 K. The maximum output of mean power was 3.5 mW at 78 K, i.e. 8.7 times higher than measured this value at 300 K. The maximal output power 27 mW with slope efficiency up to 3.5 % was achieved in CW. The radiation generated by Er:YAP laser (2.73 μm) is close to absorption peak of water (3 μm) thus this wavelength can be use in medicine and spectroscopy.

  5. Increasing Awareness of Gynecologic Cancer Risks and Symptoms among Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Women in the US-Associated Pacific Island Jurisdictions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Novinson, Daniel; Puckett, Mary; Townsend, Julie; Reichhardt, Martina; Tareg, Aileen; Palemar, Jennifer; Wichilib, Ritchie; Stewart, Sherri L

    2017-08-27

    Background: Gynecologic cancers are common among Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (A/NH/PI) women. Prevention is important in United States associated Pacific Island jurisdictions (USAPIJ) because there are limited resources to treat cancer. The objective of this study was to educate A/NH/PI women and providers about evidence-based interventions to prevent and control gynecologic cancers in Yap, one of four major islands comprising the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). This was done through a partnership between Inside Knowledge: Get The Facts About Gynecologic Cancer national campaign and the Yap comprehensive cancer control program, both funded by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methods: Inside Knowledge educational materials were obtained from the CDC website and used in facilitated educational sessions. Sessions were planned according to leading health education theories, and were implemented and led by local Yap public health practitioners. Pre- and post-session surveys were used to assess changes in gynecologic cancer awareness, confidence and behavioral intentions related to prevention/early detection for gynecologic cancer. Results: Twenty-nine providers and 326 adult women participated in sessions. All participants demonstrated significant increases in knowledge across all measured domains post-session. Public knowledge that HPV causes cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancer increased from 4.9% pre-session to 51.4% post-session (pgynecologic cancer knowledge pre-session compared to 91.7% post-session. Conclusion: Targeted education about gynecologic cancer symptoms and risk factors can be effective at increasing awareness, behavioral intention, confidence and knowledge. These increases can lead to more widespread prevention of these five cancers. Creative Commons Attribution License

  6. Gamma induced atom displacements in LYSO and LuYAP crystals as used in medical imaging applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Piñera, Ibrahin, E-mail: ipinera@ceaden.edu.cu [Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear, CEADEN, 30 St. 502, Playa 11300, Havana (Cuba); Cruz, Carlos M.; Abreu, Yamiel; Leyva, Antonio [Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear, CEADEN, 30 St. 502, Playa 11300, Havana (Cuba); Van Espen, Piet [University of Antwerp, CGB, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen (Belgium); Díaz, Angelina; Cabal, Ana E. [Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear, CEADEN, 30 St. 502, Playa 11300, Havana (Cuba); Van Remortel, Nick [University of Antwerp, CGB, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen (Belgium)

    2015-08-01

    The radiation damage, in terms of atom displacements, induced by gamma irradiation in LYSO and LuYAP crystals is presented. {sup 44}Sc, {sup 22}Na and {sup 48}V are used as gamma sources for this study. The energy of gammas from the electron–positron annihilation processes (511 keV) is also included in the study. The atom displacements distributions inside each material are calculated following the Monte Carlo assisted Classical Method introduced by the authors. This procedure also allows to study the atom displacements in-depth distributions inside each crystal. The atom displacements damage in LYSO crystals is found to be higher than in LuYAP crystals, mainly provoked by the displacements of silicon and oxygen atoms. But the difference between atom displacements produced in LYSO and LuYAP decreases when more energetic sources are used. On the other hand, the correlation between the atom displacements and energy deposition in-depth distributions is excellent. The atom displacements to energy deposition ratio is found to increases with more energetic photon sources. LYSO crystals are then more liable to the atom displacements damage than LuYAP crystals.

  7. Local food policies can help promote local foods and improve health: a case study from the Federated States of Micronesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Englberger, Lois; Lorens, Adelino; Pretrick, Moses; Tara, Mona J; Johnson, Emihner

    2011-11-01

    The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and other countries throughout the Pacific are facing an epidemic of non-communicable disease health problems. These are directly related to the increased consumption of unhealthy imported processed foods, the neglect of traditional food systems, and lifestyle changes, including decreased physical activity. The FSM faces the double burden of malnutrition with both non-communicable diseases and micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin A deficiency and anemia. To help increase the use of traditional island foods and improve health, the Island Food Community of Pohnpei has initiated a program in the FSM to support and promote local food policies, along with its Go Local awareness campaign. Such local food policies are defined broadly and include individual and family commitments, community group local food policies and policies established by government, including presidential proclamations and increased taxation on soft drinks. The aim of this paper is to describe this work. An inter-agency, community- and research-based, participatory and media approach was used. Partners are both non-governmental and governmental. The use of continuing awareness work along with local food policy establishment and the acknowledgement of the individuals and groups involved are essential. The work is still in the preliminary stage but ad hoc examples show that this approach has had success in increased awareness on health issues and improving dietary intake on both an individual and group basis. This indicates that further use of local food policies could have an instrumental impact in FSM as well as other Pacific Island countries in promoting local foods and improving dietary intake and health, including the control of non-communicable diseases and other dietary-related health problems.

  8. Hippo-independent activation of YAP by the GNAQ uveal melanoma oncogene through a trio-regulated rho GTPase signaling circuitry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Xiaodong; Degese, Maria Sol; Iglesias-Bartolome, Ramiro; Vaque, Jose P; Molinolo, Alfredo A; Rodrigues, Murilo; Zaidi, M Raza; Ksander, Bruce R; Merlino, Glenn; Sodhi, Akrit; Chen, Qianming; Gutkind, J Silvio

    2014-06-16

    Mutually exclusive activating mutations in the GNAQ and GNA11 oncogenes, encoding heterotrimeric Gαq family members, have been identified in ∼ 83% and ∼ 6% of uveal and skin melanomas, respectively. However, the molecular events underlying these GNAQ-driven malignancies are not yet defined, thus limiting the ability to develop cancer-targeted therapies. Here, we focused on the transcriptional coactivator YAP, a critical component of the Hippo signaling pathway that controls organ size. We found that Gαq stimulates YAP through a Trio-Rho/Rac signaling circuitry promoting actin polymerization, independently of phospholipase Cβ and the canonical Hippo pathway. Furthermore, we show that Gαq promotes the YAP-dependent growth of uveal melanoma cells, thereby identifying YAP as a suitable therapeutic target in uveal melanoma, a GNAQ/GNA11-initiated human malignancy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Prevalence of obesity and acanthosis nigricans among young children in the children's healthy living program in the United States Affiliated Pacific.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Novotny, Rachel; Li, Fenfang; Fialkowski, Marie Kainoa; Bersamin, Andrea; Tufa, Aifili; Deenik, Jonathan; Coleman, Patricia; Guerrero, Rachael Leon; Wilkens, Lynne R

    2016-09-01

    Estimate prevalence of obesity and acanthosis nigricans (AN) among children in United States Affiliated Pacific (USAP) jurisdictions.Cross-sectional measurement of weight, height, and AN in 5775, 2 to 8 years old in 51 communities-Hawai'i, Alaska, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Palau, Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), 4 Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei, Yap, Kosrae, Chuuk). Analyses weighted to jurisdiction-specific sex and age distributions accounting for clustering of communities within jurisdictions.Prevalence of obesity was 14.0%, overweight 14.4%, healthy weight 68.9%, and underweight 2.6%, higher in males (16.3%) than females (11.6%), higher among 6 to 8 years old (16.3%) than 2 to 5 years old (12.9%), highest in American Samoa (21.7%), and absent in RMI. In total, 4.7% of children had AN, with no sex difference, higher in 6 to 8 years old (6.8%) than 2 to 5 years old (3.5%) and highest in Pohnpei (11.9%), and absent in Alaska. Obesity was highly associated with AN (odds ratio = 9.25, 95% confidence interval = 6.69-12.80), with the strongest relationships among Asians, followed by Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI).Obesity, age, and Asian and NHPI race were positively associated with AN.

  10. Diode-pumped two micron solid-state lasers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Elder, I.F.

    1997-01-01

    This thesis presents an investigation of diode-pumped two micron solid-state lasers, concentrating on a comparison of the cw room temperature operation of Tm:YAP, Tm,Ho:YAP and Tm,Ho:YLF. Dopant concentrations in YAP were 4.2% thulium and 0.28% holmium; in YLF they were 6% thulium and 0.4% holmium. Thermal modelling was carried out in order to provide an insight into the thermal lensing and population distributions in these materials. Laser operation was achieved utilising an end-pumping geometry with a simple two mirror standing wave resonator. The pump source for these experiments was a 3 W laser diode. Maximum output power was achieved with Tm:YAP, generating 730 mW of laser output, representing 42% conversion efficiency in terms of absorbed pump power. Upper bounds on the conversion efficiency of Tm,Ho:YAP and Tm,Ho:YLF laser crystal of 14% and 30% were obtained, with corresponding output powers of 270 and 660 mW. In all three cases, the output beam was TEM 00 in nature. Visible upconversion fluorescence bands in the green and red were identified in Tm,Ho:YAP and Tm,Ho:YLF, with additional blue emission from the latter, all assigned to transitions on holmium. The principal upconversion mechanisms in these materials all involved the holmium first excited state. Upconversion in Tm:YAP was negligible. The spectral output of Tm:YAP consisted of a comb of lines in the range 1.965 to 2.020 μm. For both the double-doped crystals, the laser output was multilongitudinal mode on a single transition, wavelength 2.120 μm in YAP, 2.065 μm in YLF. In the time domain the output of Tm:YAP was dominated by large amplitude spiking, unlike both of the double-doped laser crystals. The long lifetime of the thulium upper laser level (4.4 ms) provided very weak damping of the spiking. Excitation sharing between thulium and holmium, with a measured characteristic lifetime in YAP of 11.9 μs and YLF of 14.8 μs, provided strong damping of any spiking behaviour. (author)

  11. Scintillation response of BaF2 and YAlO3:Ce (YAP:Ce) to energetic ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Slunga, E.; Cederwall, B.; Ideguchi, E.; Kerek, A.; Klamra, W.; Marel, J. van der; Novak, D.; Norlin, L.-O.

    2001-01-01

    The scintillation response of BaF 2 and YAP:Ce to protons, α particles, 16 O and 28 Si ions in the 5-30 MeV range has been investigated. The ratio between the fast and slow parts of the scintillator signal for BaF 2 has been used to separate protons, α particles and heavier ions, and the dependence of this ratio on the particle energy has been studied. The time constants and intensities of the two components of the YAP:Ce signal were measured, as were the time constant and intensity of the weak component of the slow part of the BaF 2 signal. Furthermore, the dependence of the light yield on the particle energy has been investigated for both BaF 2 and YAP:Ce

  12. WW domains of the yes-kinase-associated-protein (YAP transcriptional regulator behave as independent units with different binding preferences for PPxY motif-containing ligands.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Iglesias-Bexiga

    Full Text Available YAP is a WW domain-containing effector of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, and the object of heightened interest as a potent oncogene and stemness factor. YAP has two major isoforms that differ in the number of WW domains they harbor. Elucidating the degree of co-operation between these WW domains is important for a full understanding of the molecular function of YAP. We present here a detailed biophysical study of the structural stability and binding properties of the two YAP WW domains aimed at investigating the relationship between both domains in terms of structural stability and partner recognition. We have carried out a calorimetric study of the structural stability of the two YAP WW domains, both isolated and in a tandem configuration, and their interaction with a set of functionally relevant ligands derived from PTCH1 and LATS kinases. We find that the two YAP WW domains behave as independent units with different binding preferences, suggesting that the presence of the second WW domain might contribute to modulate target recognition between the two YAP isoforms. Analysis of structural models and phage-display studies indicate that electrostatic interactions play a critical role in binding specificity. Together, these results are relevant to understand of YAP function and open the door to the design of highly specific ligands of interest to delineate the functional role of each WW domain in YAP signaling.

  13. Paradise Lost: The Cost of Removing Tax and Trade Provisions from the Compact of Free Association

    OpenAIRE

    Samuel Rueckert Brazys

    2014-01-01

    Upon implementing the Compact of Free Association between the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia, the US Congress unilaterally stripped tax and trade provisions that would have encouraged investment in the Federated States of Micronesia. I quantify what was lost to the Federated States of Micronesia by arguing that the provisions would have made the Federated States of Micronesia an explicitly sanctioned tax haven through empirical estimates of the impact of tax havens on gr...

  14. β-Catenin destruction complex-independent regulation of Hippo–YAP signaling by APC in intestinal tumorigenesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Jing; Maitra, Anirban; Anders, Robert A.; Taketo, Makoto M.; Pan, Duojia

    2015-01-01

    Mutations in Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) underlie familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an inherited cancer syndrome characterized by the widespread development of colorectal polyps. APC is best known as a scaffold protein in the β-catenin destruction complex, whose activity is antagonized by canonical Wnt signaling. Whether other effector pathways mediate APC's tumor suppressor function is less clear. Here we report that activation of YAP, the downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is a general hallmark of tubular adenomas from FAP patients. We show that APC functions as a scaffold protein that facilitates the Hippo kinase cascade by interacting with Sav1 and Lats1. Consistent with the molecular link between APC and the Hippo signaling pathway, genetic analysis reveals that YAP is absolutely required for the development of APC-deficient adenomas. These findings establish Hippo–YAP signaling as a critical effector pathway downstream from APC, independent from its involvement in the β-catenin destruction complex. PMID:26193883

  15. 3,3'-[(E-eten-1,2-diil]di(9-heksil-9H-karbazol bileşiğinin sentezi, X-ışını yapı tayini ve teorik yapı tahmini

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erol Asker

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available 3,3'-[(E-eten-1,2-diil]di(9-heksil-9H-karbazol bileşiği 9H-karbazoldan çıkarak üç basamakta sentezlenmiş ve yapısı spektroskopik yöntemlerle aydınlatılmıştır. Kristal yapısı monoklinik uzay grubu P21/c'de çözülmüş ve geometrik özellikleri yarı-deneysel PM7 ve teorik DFT/B3LYP hesaplamalarla elde edilen verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. DFT hesapsal sonuçlar ile X-ışını kırınımı deneysel sonuçlar arasında yüksek korelasyon belirlenmiştir. Kristal yapıdaki moleküller arası etkileşimler hesaplanan öncü orbitallerle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

  16. Next logical steps in forest pathology activities for Guam, Saipan, Yap, Palau, Pohnpei, and Kosrae [Chapter X

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phil G. Cannon; Francis Ruegorong; Puis Liegel; Victor Guerrero; Robert L. Schlub; Leonard Sigrah; Maxon Nithan; Blair Charley; Sara M. Ashiglar; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim; Bob Gavenda; Katie Friday; Erick Waguk; Yuko Ota; Norio Sahashi; Gibson Santos; Rodasio Samuel

    2014-01-01

    As a result of the forest pathology trip that occurred during September of 2013, advances were made on several important fronts, and future activities were also identified as critical for addressing threats to forest health in Micronesia. The purpose of this chapter is to list and briefly describe each of these activities.

  17. Diode-pumped Tm:YAP/YVO4 intracavity Raman laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao, Jiaqun; Zhou, Xiaofeng; Wang, Guodong; Cheng, Ping; Xu, Feng

    2017-01-01

    The laser performance based on YVO 4 Raman conversion in a diode-pumped actively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser is demonstrated for the first time. With an incident diode power of 10.9 W and a pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz, the average output powers for the first Stokes laser at 2.4 μm is about 270 mW. (paper)

  18. Prenatal exposure to dietary fat induces changes in the transcriptional factors, TEF and YAP, which may stimulate differentiation of peptide neurons in rat hypothalamus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kinning Poon

    Full Text Available Gestational exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD stimulates the differentiation of orexigenic peptide-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus of offspring. To examine possible mechanisms that mediate this phenomenon, this study investigated the transcriptional factor, transcription enhancer factor-1 (TEF, and co-activator, Yes-associated protein (YAP, which when inactivated stimulate neuronal differentiation. In rat embryos and postnatal offspring prenatally exposed to a HFD compared to chow, changes in hypothalamic TEF and YAP and their relationship to the orexigenic peptide, enkephalin (ENK, were measured. The HFD offspring at postnatal day 15 (P15 exhibited in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus a significant reduction in YAP mRNA and protein, and increased levels of inactive and total TEF protein, with no change in mRNA. Similarly, HFD-exposed embryos at embryonic day 19 (E19 showed in whole hypothalamus significantly decreased levels of YAP mRNA and protein and TEF mRNA, and increased levels of inactive TEF protein, suggesting that HFD inactivates TEF and YAP. This was accompanied by increased density and fluorescence intensity of ENK neurons. A close relationship between TEF and ENK was suggested by the finding that TEF co-localizes with this peptide in hypothalamic neurons and HFD reduced the density of TEF/ENK co-labeled neurons, even while the number and fluorescence intensity of single-labeled TEF neurons were increased. Increased YAP inactivity by HFD was further evidenced by a decrease in number and fluorescence intensity of YAP-containing neurons, although the density of YAP/ENK co-labeled neurons was unaltered. Genetic knockdown of TEF or YAP stimulated ENK expression in hypothalamic neurons, supporting a close relationship between these transcription factors and neuropeptide. These findings suggest that prenatal HFD exposure inactivates both hypothalamic TEF and YAP, by either decreasing their levels or increasing their inactive

  19. The role of the Yap5 transcription factor in remodeling gene expression in response to Fe bioavailability.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catarina Pimentel

    Full Text Available The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has developed several mechanisms to avoid either the drastic consequences of iron deprivation or the toxic effects of iron excess. In this work, we analysed the global gene expression changes occurring in yeast cells undergoing iron overload. Several genes directly or indirectly involved in iron homeostasis showed altered expression and the relevance of these changes are discussed. Microarray analyses were also performed to identify new targets of the iron responsive factor Yap5. Besides the iron vacuolar transporter CCC1, Yap5 also controls the expression of glutaredoxin GRX4, previously known to be involved in the regulation of Aft1 nuclear localization. Consistently, we show that in the absence of Yap5 Aft1 nuclear exclusion is slightly impaired. These studies provide further evidence that cells control iron homeostasis by using multiple pathways.

  20. Growth and scintillation properties of Pr doped YAP with different Pr concentrations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yanagida, Takayuki; Kamada, Kei; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Sugiyama, Makoto; Furuya, Yuki; Yamaji, Akihiro; Yokota, Yuui; Yoshikawa, Akira

    2010-01-01

    Pr 3+ 0.2, 0.75, and 3 mol% doped YAP single crystalline scintillators were grown by using the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. Pr 3+ 0.05 mol% doped YAP was also prepared by using the Czochralski method. In transmittance spectra, 4f-5d absorption line appeared at 230 nm. The μ-PD grown crystals showed intense emission at 290 nm while the Czochralski grown one showed an emission peak at 245 nm in radio luminescence spectra under X-ray excitation. Among them, the Czochralski grown one exhibited the highest light yield under 137 Cs 662 keV excitation and the absolute light yield of this sample was estimated to be 20400±2000 ph/MeV. The decay time constants of these scintillators were around 10 ns due to Pr 3+ 5d-4f transition.

  1. Growth and scintillation properties of Pr doped YAP with different Pr concentrations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yanagida, Takayuki, E-mail: t_yanagi@tagen.tohoku.ac.j [Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Kamada, Kei; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Sugiyama, Makoto; Furuya, Yuki [Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Yamaji, Akihiro [New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan); Yokota, Yuui [Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Yoshikawa, Akira [Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan)

    2010-11-21

    Pr{sup 3+} 0.2, 0.75, and 3 mol% doped YAP single crystalline scintillators were grown by using the micro-pulling down ({mu}-PD) method. Pr{sup 3+} 0.05 mol% doped YAP was also prepared by using the Czochralski method. In transmittance spectra, 4f-5d absorption line appeared at 230 nm. The {mu}-PD grown crystals showed intense emission at 290 nm while the Czochralski grown one showed an emission peak at 245 nm in radio luminescence spectra under X-ray excitation. Among them, the Czochralski grown one exhibited the highest light yield under {sup 137}Cs 662 keV excitation and the absolute light yield of this sample was estimated to be 20400{+-}2000 ph/MeV. The decay time constants of these scintillators were around 10 ns due to Pr{sup 3+} 5d-4f transition.

  2. Characterization and management of the commercial sector of the Pohnpei coral reef fishery, Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rhodes, K. L.; Tupper, M. H.; Wichilmel, C. B.

    2008-06-01

    Commercial coral reef fisheries in Pohnpei (Micronesia) extract approximately 1,521 kg of reef fish daily (˜500 MT year-1) from 152 km2 of surrounding reef. More than 153 species were represented during surveys, with 25 species very common or common within combined-gear catch. Acanthurids contributed the greatest to catch volume, with bluespine unicornfish, Naso unicornis, and orangespine unicornfish, Naso lituratus, among the most frequently observed herbivores. Nighttime spearfishing was the dominant fishing method and inner lagoon areas were primarily targeted. A seasonal sales ban (March April), intended to reduce pressure on reproductively active serranids, significantly increased the capture volume of other families. Catch was significantly greater during periods of low lunar illumination, suggesting higher fishing success or greater effort, or both. The marketed catch was dominated by juveniles and small adults, based on fishes of known size at sexual maturity. Artificially depressed market prices appear to be catalyzing (potential or realized) overfishing by increasing the volume of fish needed to offset rising fuel prices. These results support the need for comprehensive fisheries management that produces sustainable fishing and marketing practices and promotes shared management and enforced responsibilities between communities and the state. To be effective, management should prohibit nighttime spearfishing.

  3. LD end pumped mode locked and cavity dumped Nd:YAP laser at 1.34 μm

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, X.; Wang, S.; Rhee, H.; Eichler, H. J.; Meister, S.

    2011-06-01

    We report a LD end pumped actively mode locked, passively Q switched and cavity dumped Nd:YAP laser at 1.34 μm. The dumped output pulse energy of 160 μJ is obtained at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Passing through a LD end pumped, double-passed Nd:YAP amplifier the pulse energy is amplified to 1.44 mJ. The corresponding amplification factor is 9. Stimulated Raman scattering experiment is taken with a 9 mm long PbWO4 Raman crystal. Maximum of 20% Raman conversion is reached.

  4. The Neurofibromatosis 2 Tumor Suppressor Gene Product, Merlin, Regulates Human Meningioma Cell Growth by Signaling through YAP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katherine Striedinger

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence of schwannomas and meningiomas. Several studies have examined the ability of the NF2 gene product, merlin, to function as a tumor suppressor in diverse cell types; however, little is known about merlin growth regulation in meningiomas. In Drosophila, merlin controls cell proliferation and apoptosis by signaling through the Hippo pathway to inhibit the function of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie. The Hippo pathway is conserved in mammals. On the basis of these observations, we developed human meningioma cell lines matched for merlin expression to evaluate merlin growth regulation and investigate the relationship between NF2 status and Yes-associated protein (YAP, the mammalian homolog of Yorkie. NF2 loss in meningioma cells was associated with loss of contact-dependent growth inhibition, enhanced anchorage-independent growth and increased cell proliferation due to increased S-phase entry. In addition, merlin loss in both meningioma cell lines and primary tumors resulted in increased YAP expression and nuclear localization. Finally, siRNA-mediated reduction of YAP in NF2-deficient meningioma cells rescued the effects of merlin loss on cell proliferation and S-phase entry. Collectively, these results represent the first demonstration that merlin regulates cell growth in human cancer cells by suppressing YAP.

  5. Targeting Signaling to YAP for the Therapy of NF2

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-12-01

    nucleus, thus activating YAP-driven transcription and oncogenesis. Genetic epistasis experiments provided evidence that this oncogenic pathway...which loss of Merlin activates mitogenic signaling by using somatic cell genetics and biochemistry. In addition, we have initiated high-throughput...which represents the ultimate long term goal of this grant. Although our studies have identified a critical role for nuclear Merlin in inhibition of

  6. Fbxw7 Deletion Accelerates KrasG12D-Driven Pancreatic Tumorigenesis via Yap Accumulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Yaqing; Parsels, Joshua D; Lohse, Ines; Lawrence, Theodore S; Pasca di Magliano, Marina; Sun, Yi; Morgan, Meredith A

    2016-11-01

    Pancreatic cancers driven by KRAS mutations require additional mutations for tumor progression. The tumor suppressor FBXW7 is altered in pancreatic cancers, but its contribution to pancreatic tumorigenesis is unknown. To determine potential cooperation between Kras mutation and Fbxw7 inactivation in pancreatic tumorigenesis, we generated P48-Cre;LSL-Kras G12D ;Fbxw7 fl/fl (KFC fl/fl ) compound mice. We found that KFC fl/fl mice displayed accelerated tumorigenesis: all mice succumbed to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) by 40 days of age, with PDA onset occurring by 2 weeks of age. PDA in KFC fl/fl mice was preceded by earlier onset of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, and associated with chromosomal instability and the accumulation of Fbxw7 substrates Yes-associated protein (Yap), c-Myc, and Notch. Using KFC fl/fl and FBXW7-deficient human pancreatic cancer cells, we found that Yap silencing attenuated growth promotion by Fbxw7 deletion. Our data demonstrate that Fbxw7 is a potent suppressor of Kras G12D -induced pancreatic tumorigenesis due, at least in part, to negative regulation of Yap. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. A full Monte Carlo simulation of the YAP-PEM prototype for breast tumor detection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Motta, A.; Righi, S.; Del Guerra, A.; Belcari, N.; Vaiano, A.; De Domenico, G.; Zavattini, G.; Campanini, R.; Lanconelli, N.; Riccardi, A.

    2004-07-01

    A prototype for Positron Emission Mammography, the YAP-PEM, is under development within a collaboration of the Italian Universities of Pisa, Ferrara, and Bologna. The aim is to detect breast lesions, with dimensions of 5 mm in diameter, and with a specific activity ratio of 10:1 between the cancer and breast tissue. The YAP-PEM is composed of two stationary detection heads of 6×6 cm 2, composed of a matrix of 30×30 YAP:Ce finger crystals of 2×2×30 mm 3 each. The EGSnrc Monte Carlo code has been used to simulate several characteristics of the prototype. A fast EM algorithm has been adapted to reconstruct all of the collected lines of flight, also at large incidence angles, by achieving 3D positioning capability of the lesion in the FOV. The role of the breast compression has been studied. The performed study shows that a 5 mm diameter tumor of 37 kBq/cm 3 (1 μCi/cm 3), embedded in active breast tissue with 10:1 tumor/background specific activity ratio, is detected in 10 min with a Signal-to-Noise Ratio of 8.7±1.0. Two hot lesions in the active breast phantom are clearly visible in the reconstructed image.

  8. Studies of scintillation light nonproportionality of ZnSe(Te), CsI(Tl) and YAP(Ce) crystals using heavy ions

    CERN Document Server

    Klamra, W; Kapusta, M; Kérek, A; Moszynski, M; Norlin, L O; Novák, D; Possnert, G

    2002-01-01

    The scintillation light yield for ZnSe(Te), CsI(Tl) and YAP(Ce) crystals have been studied with alpha particles, sup 1 sup 2 C and sup 8 sup 1 Br in the energy region 2.8-42.2 MeV. A nonproportional behavior was observed, mostly pronounced for alpha particles on YAP(Ce). The results are understood in terms of delta-rays effect.

  9. Transmission potential of Zika virus infection in the South Pacific.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nishiura, Hiroshi; Kinoshita, Ryo; Mizumoto, Kenji; Yasuda, Yohei; Nah, Kyeongah

    2016-04-01

    Zika virus has spread internationally through countries in the South Pacific and Americas. The present study aimed to estimate the basic reproduction number, R0, of Zika virus infection as a measurement of the transmission potential, reanalyzing past epidemic data from the South Pacific. Incidence data from two epidemics, one on Yap Island, Federal State of Micronesia in 2007 and the other in French Polynesia in 2013-2014, were reanalyzed. R0 of Zika virus infection was estimated from the early exponential growth rate of these two epidemics. The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of R0 for the Yap Island epidemic was in the order of 4.3-5.8 with broad uncertainty bounds due to the small sample size of confirmed and probable cases. The MLE of R0 for French Polynesia based on syndromic data ranged from 1.8 to 2.0 with narrow uncertainty bounds. The transmissibility of Zika virus infection appears to be comparable to those of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Considering that Aedes species are a shared vector, this finding indicates that Zika virus replication within the vector is perhaps comparable to dengue and chikungunya. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  10. Needs Assessment of International Students at Eastern Oregon State College.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eid, Mamoud Taha; Jordan-Domschot, Theresa

    The purpose of the research project was to assess the needs, satisfaction, and concerns of international students attending Eastern Oregon State College. The international student population consisted of students from Micronesia, Netherlands, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iran, Japan, Thailand, Zimbabwe, Belgium, Canada, Nigeria, China,…

  11. Elevated YAP and its downstream targets CCN1 and CCN2 in basal cell carcinoma: impact on keratinocyte proliferation and stromal cell activation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quan, Taihao; Xu, Yiru; Qin, Zhaoping; Robichaud, Patrick; Betcher, Stephanie; Calderone, Ken; He, Tianyuan; Johnson, Timothy M; Voorhees, John J; Fisher, Gary J

    2014-04-01

    Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator of hippo signaling pathway, which plays an important role in organ size control and tumorigenesis. Here we report that YAP and its downstream transcriptional targets CCN1 and CCN2 are markedly elevated in keratinocytes in human skin basal cell carcinoma tumor islands. In human keratinocytes, knockdown of YAP significantly reduced expression of CCN1 and CCN2, and repressed proliferation and survival. This inhibition of proliferation and survival was rescued by restoration of CCN1 expression, but not by CCN2 expression. In basal cell carcinoma stroma, CCN2-regulated genes type I collagen, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin were highly expressed. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed increased tissue stiffness in basal cell carcinoma stroma compared to normal dermis. These data provide evidence that up-regulation of YAP in basal cell carcinoma impacts both aberrant keratinocyte proliferation, via CCN1, and tumor stroma cell activation and stroma remodeling, via CCN2. Targeting YAP and/or CCN1 and CCN2 may provide clinical benefit in basal cell carcinoma. Copyright © 2014 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Peynir Yapımında Mikrobiyal Renet Kullanımı

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mehmet Karapınar

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Peynir yapımında süt koagulantı olarak buzağı reneti yerine kullanılmak üzere proteazlar üzerine yapılan çalışmalar son yıllarda yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Günümüzde buzağı reneti standart bir süt koagulantı olarak önemini sürdürmekteyse de, şirden mayası üretimi her yıl giderek gereksinimi karşılayamaz duruma gelmektedir. Bunun sonucu olarak yeni renet kaynakları arasında yoğunlaşmış ve günümüzde Mucor pusillus, M. miehei, Endothia parasitica küf türlerinden elde edilen üç fungal enzim ile Bacillus cereus bakterisinden elde edilen bir bakteriyel enzim ticari olarak üretilmeye başlanmıştır.

  13. Preliminary assessment of the imaging capability of the YAP-(S)PET small animal scanner in neuroscience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bartoli, Antonietta; Belcari, Nicola; Stark, Daniela; Hoehnemann, Sabine; Piel, Markus; Jennewein, Marc; Schmitt, Ulrich; Tillmanns, Julia; Thews, Oliver; Hiemke, Christoph; Roesch, Frank; Del Guerra, Alberto

    2006-01-01

    The new and fully engineered version of the YAP-(S)PET small animal scanner has been tested at the University of Mainz for preliminary assessment of its imaging capability for studies related to neuropharmacology and psychiatry. The main feature of the scanner is the capability to combine PET and SPECT techniques. It allows the development of new and interesting protocols for the investigation of many biological phenomena, more effectively than with PET or SPECT modalities alone. The scanner is made up of four detector heads, each one composed of a 4x4 cm 2 of YAlO 3 :Ce (or YAP:Ce) matrix, and has a field of view (FOV) of 4 cm axiallyx4 cm o transaxially. In PET mode, the volume resolution is less than 8 mm 3 and is nearly constant over the whole FOV, while the sensitivity is about 2%. The SPECT performance is not so good, due to the presence of the multi-hole lead collimator in front of each head. Nevertheless, the YAP-PET scanner offers excellent resolution and sensitivity for performing on the availability of D2-like dopamine receptors on mice and rats in both PET and SPECT modalities

  14. Comparative Analysis of Dengue and Zika Outbreaks Reveals Differences by Setting and Virus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastian Funk

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The pacific islands of Micronesia have experienced several outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases over the past decade. In outbreaks on small islands, the susceptible population is usually well defined, and there is no co-circulation of pathogens. Because of this, analysing such outbreaks can be useful for understanding the transmission dynamics of the pathogens involved, and particularly so for yet understudied pathogens such as Zika virus. Here, we compared three outbreaks of dengue and Zika virus in two different island settings in Micronesia, the Yap Main Islands and Fais, using a mathematical model of transmission dynamics and making full use of commonalities in disease and setting between the outbreaks. We found that the estimated reproduction numbers for Zika and dengue were similar when considered in the same setting, but that, conversely, reproduction number for the same disease can vary considerably by setting. On the Yap Main Islands, we estimated a reproduction number of 8.0-16 (95% Credible Interval (CI for the dengue outbreak and 4.8-14 (95% CI for the Zika outbreak, whereas for the dengue outbreak on Fais our estimate was 28-102 (95% CI. We further found that the proportion of cases of Zika reported was smaller (95% CI 1.4%-1.9% than that of dengue (95% CI: 47%-61%. We confirmed these results in extensive sensitivity analysis. They suggest that models for dengue transmission can be useful for estimating the predicted dynamics of Zika transmission, but care must be taken when extrapolating findings from one setting to another.

  15. Ectosymbionts of the Sea Anemone Stichodactyla gigantea at Kosrae, Micronesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hayes, Floyd E.

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available We studied the ectosymbionts associating with the sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea at Kosrae, Micronesia. Ectosymbionts of seven species associated with 60.7% of S. gigantea (n=28, with a mean of 2.4 per anemone and 3.9 per occupied anemone. Anemones hosting one or more ectosymbionts did not differ significantly in size from anemones lacking ectosymbionts and there was no significant correlation between anemone size and the number of ectosymbionts. Of 67 ectosymbionts observed, the sea cucumber Stichopus vastus comprised 23.9%, followed by the shrimp Thor amboinensis (20.9%, unidentified hermit crabs (Paguroidea; 20.9%, the cardinalfish Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (20.9%, the shrimp Periclimenes brevicarpalis (9.0%, the sea cucumber Holothuria hilla (3.0%, and an unidentified brachyuran crab (1.5%. This study documents the first records of S. vastus, H. hilla, and O. novemfasciatus associating with S. gigantea, and the first locality records of S. gigantea, T. amboinensis, P. brevicarpalis, and S. vastus for Kosrae. Because humans often harvest S. gigantea for food at Kosrae, we recommend protecting the symbiotic assemblage of S. gigantea by establishing a sustainable system of harvesting.

  16. YAP/TAZ-Dependent Reprogramming of Colonic Epithelium Links ECM Remodeling to Tissue Regeneration

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Yui, Shiro; Azzolin, Luca; Maimets, Martti

    2018-01-01

    by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM), increased FAK/Src signaling, and ultimately YAP/TAZ activation. In a defined cell culture system recapitulating the extracellular matrix remodeling observed in vivo, we show that a collagen 3D matrix supplemented with Wnt ligands is sufficient to sustain endogenous...

  17. Prostaglandin E2 Activates YAP and a Positive-Signaling Loop to Promote Colon Regeneration After Colitis but Also Carcinogenesis in Mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Han-Byul; Kim, Minchul; Park, Young-Soo; Park, Intae; Kim, Tackhoon; Yang, Sung-Yeun; Cho, Charles J; Hwang, DaeHee; Jung, Jin-Hak; Markowitz, Sanford D; Hwang, Sung Wook; Yang, Suk-Kyun; Lim, Dae-Sik; Myung, Seung-Jae

    2017-02-01

    Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) is mediator of inflammation that regulates tissue regeneration, but its continual activation has been associated with carcinogenesis. Little is known about factors in the PGE 2 signaling pathway that contribute to tumor formation. We investigated whether yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a transcriptional co-activator in the Hippo signaling pathway, mediates PGE 2 function. DLD-1 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines were transfected with vectors expressing transgenes or small hairpin RNAs and incubated with recombinant PGE 2 , with or without pharmacologic inhibitors of signaling proteins, and analyzed by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, transcriptional reporter, and proliferation assays. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was given to induce colitis in C57/BL6 (control) mice, as well as in mice with disruption of the hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15 gene (15-PGDH-knockout mice), Yap1 gene (YAP-knockout mice), and double-knockout mice. Some mice also were given indomethacin to block PGE 2 synthesis. 15-PGDH knockout mice were crossed with mice with intestine-specific disruption of the salvador family WW domain containing 1 gene (Sav1), which encodes an activator of Hippo signaling. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of colon biopsy samples from 26 patients with colitis-associated cancer and 51 age-and sex-matched patients with colorectal cancer (without colitis). Incubation of colon cancer cell lines with PGE 2 led to phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element binding protein 1 and increased levels of YAP1 messenger RNA, protein, and YAP1 transcriptional activity. This led to increased transcription of the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2 or cyclooxygenase 2) and prostaglandin E-receptor 4 gene (PTGER4 or EP4). Incubation with PGE 2 promoted proliferation of colon cancer cell lines, but not cells with knockdown of YAP1. Control mice

  18. Preliminary assessment of the imaging capability of the YAP-(S)PET small animal scanner in neuroscience

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bartoli, Antonietta [Department of Physics ' E. Fermi' and Center of Excellence ' AmbiSEN' , University of Pisa, and INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I- 56127 (Italy)]. E-mail: bartoli@df.unipi.it; Belcari, Nicola [Department of Physics ' E. Fermi' and Center of Excellence ' AmbiSEN' , University of Pisa, and INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I- 56127 (Italy); Stark, Daniela [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Hoehnemann, Sabine [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Piel, Markus [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Jennewein, Marc [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Schmitt, Ulrich [Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Tillmanns, Julia [Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Thews, Oliver [Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Hiemke, Christoph [Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Roesch, Frank [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099 (Germany); Del Guerra, Alberto [Department of Physics ' E. Fermi' and Center of Excellence ' AmbiSEN' , University of Pisa, and INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa I- 56127 (Italy)

    2006-12-20

    The new and fully engineered version of the YAP-(S)PET small animal scanner has been tested at the University of Mainz for preliminary assessment of its imaging capability for studies related to neuropharmacology and psychiatry. The main feature of the scanner is the capability to combine PET and SPECT techniques. It allows the development of new and interesting protocols for the investigation of many biological phenomena, more effectively than with PET or SPECT modalities alone. The scanner is made up of four detector heads, each one composed of a 4x4 cm{sup 2} of YAlO{sub 3}:Ce (or YAP:Ce) matrix, and has a field of view (FOV) of 4 cm axiallyx4 cm o transaxially. In PET mode, the volume resolution is less than 8 mm{sup 3} and is nearly constant over the whole FOV, while the sensitivity is about 2%. The SPECT performance is not so good, due to the presence of the multi-hole lead collimator in front of each head. Nevertheless, the YAP-PET scanner offers excellent resolution and sensitivity for performing on the availability of D2-like dopamine receptors on mice and rats in both PET and SPECT modalities.

  19. Imaging properties of cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Oxide (YAP:Ce) powder scintillating screens under X-ray excitation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kalivas, N. [Greek Atomic Energy Commission, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, P.O. Box 60092 (Greece); Valais, I. [Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500 Patras (Greece)]|[Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Ag. Spyridonos Street, Aigaleo, 12210 Athens (Greece); Salemis, G.; Karagiannis, C.; Konstantinidis, A.; Nikolopoulos, D. [Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Ag. Spyridonos Street, Aigaleo, 12210 Athens (Greece); Loudos, G.; Sakelios, N.; Karakatsanis, N.; Nikita, K. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Zografos (Greece); Gayshan, V.L.; Gektin, A.V. [Institute of Scintillation Materials, Lenin Avenue 60, 310072 Kharkov (Ukraine); Sianoudis, I. [Department of Physics, Chemistry and Materials Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Aigaleo, 12210 Athens (Greece); Giokaris, N. [Physics Department National Capodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Ilisia, 15771 Athens (Greece)]|[Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications, P.O. Box 17214, 10024 Athens (Greece); Nomicos, C.D. [Department of Electronics, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Aigaleo, 12210 Athens (Greece); Dimitropoulos, N. [Department of Medical Imaging, ' Euromedica' Medical Center, Mesogeion 2-4, 11527 Athens (Greece); Cavouras, D. [Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Ag. Spyridonos Street, Aigaleo, 12210 Athens (Greece); Panayiotakis, G. [Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500 Patras (Greece); Kandarakis, I. [Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Ag. Spyridonos Street, Aigaleo, 12210 Athens (Greece)]. E-mail: kandarakis@teiath.gr

    2006-12-20

    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the imaging performance of YAP:Ce powder scintillating screens under exposure conditions employed in diagnostic radiology (50-140 kV). Various screens were prepared in our laboratory from YAP: Ce powder (Phosphor Technology, Ltd.), with coating thickness ranging from 53 to 110 mg/cm{sup 2}. The imaging performance of the screens was assessed by experimental determination of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the noise transfer function (NTF). MTF was determined by the edge spread function (ESF) method while NTF was estimated by noise power spectrum (NPS) measurements after uniform screen irradiation. In addition, parameters related to overall image quality, such as the signal-to-noise ratio transfer (MTF/NTF), were estimated. MTF curves were affected by the beam hardening effects caused by the patient simulating 20 mm thick aluminum phantom. Under these conditions MTF values were found to increase with the mean X-ray photon energy. A similar effect was observed for NTF curves. Results were compared with data obtained on CsI:Tl scintillator. Taking into consideration the very fast response of YAP:Ce, these data may be of interest in designing X-ray imaging detectors.

  20. The unexpected discovery of blind snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) in Micronesia: two new species of Ramphotyphlops from the Caroline Islands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wynn, Addison H.; Reynolds, Robert P.; Buden, Donald W.; Falanruw, Marjorie; Lynch, Brian

    2012-01-01

    Two new blind snakes in the genus Ramphotyphlops are described from Ulithi (R. hatmaliyeb sp. nov.) and Ant Atoll (R. adocetus sp. nov.) in the Caroline Islands, the first blind snake species known from Micronesia east of Palau (excluding Ramphotyphlops braminus). Both species are unusual in being known only from small, low-lying atolls. They can be distinguished from other Ramphotyphlops by the combination of 22 scale rows over the length of the body; a wedge-shaped snout, without a keratinized keel; and a broad, pyriform (R. adocetus) or ovate (R. hatmaliyeb) rostral scale.

  1. TEAD4-YAP interaction regulates tumoral growth by controlling cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takeuchi, Shin; Kasamatsu, Atsushi; Yamatoji, Masanobu; Nakashima, Dai; Endo-Sakamoto, Yosuke; Koide, Nao; Takahara, Toshikazu; Shimizu, Toshihiro; Iyoda, Manabu; Ogawara, Katsunori; Shiiba, Masashi; Tanzawa, Hideki; Uzawa, Katsuhiro

    2017-01-01

    TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4), which has critical functions in the process of embryonic development, is expressed in various cancers. However, the important role of TEAD4 in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) remain unclear. Here we investigated the TEAD4 expression level and the functional mechanism in OSCC using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, TEAD4 knockdown model was used to evaluate cellular proliferation, cell-cycle analysis, and the interaction between TEAD4 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) which was reported to be a transcription coactivator of cellular proliferation. In the current study, we found that TEAD4 expression increased significantly in vitro and in vivo and correlated with tumoral size in OSCC patients. TEAD4 knockdown OSCC cells showed decreased cellular proliferation resulting from cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase by down-regulation of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and up-regulation of CDK inhibitors. We also found that the TEAD4-YAP complex in the nuclei may be related closely to transcriptions of G1 arrest-related genes. Taken together, we concluded that TEAD4 might play an important role in tumoral growth and have potential to be a therapeutic target in OSCCs. - Highlights: • TEAD4 contributes to tumor progression in OSCCs. • TEAD4 knockdown results in cell-cycle arrest at the G1phase in OSCC cells. • In TEAD4 knockdown cells, the amount of YAP in the nucleus decreases. • Activation of the TEAD4-YAP complex is an important factor in OSCC tumor growth. • TEAD4 might be a critical biomarker and a therapeutic target for OSCCs.

  2. Gross and microscopic lesions in corals from Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Work, Thierry M.; Aeby, Greta S.; Hughen, Konrad A.

    2015-01-01

    The authors documented gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in corals on 7 islands spanning western, southern, and eastern Micronesia, sampling 76 colonies comprising 30 species of corals among 18 genera, with Acropora, Porites, and Montipora dominating. Tissue loss comprised the majority of gross lesions sampled (41%), followed by discoloration (30%) and growth anomaly (29%). Of 31 cases of tissue loss, most lesions were subacute (48%), followed by acute and chronic (26% each). Of 23 samples with discoloration, most were dark discoloration (40%), with bleaching and other discoloration each constituting 30%. Of 22 growth anomalies, umbonate growth anomalies composed half, with exophytic, nodular, and rugose growth anomalies composing the remainder. On histopathology, for 9 cases of dark discoloration, fungal infections predominated (77%); for 7 bleached corals, depletion of zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis made up a majority of microscopic diagnoses (57%); and for growth anomalies other than umbonate, hyperplasia of the basal body wall was the most common microscopic finding (63%). For the remainder of the gross lesions, no single microscopic finding constituted >50% of the total. Host response varied with the agent present on histology. Fragmentation of tissues was most often associated with algae (60%), whereas necrosis dominated (53%) for fungi. Two newly documented potentially symbiotic tissue-associated metazoans were seen in Porites and Montipora. Findings of multiple potential etiologies for a given gross lesion highlight the importance of incorporating histopathology in coral disease surveys. This study also expands the range of corals infected with cell-associated microbial aggregates.

  3. Zika virus: history of a newly emerging arbovirus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wikan, Nitwara; Smith, Duncan R

    2016-07-01

    Zika virus was originally identified in a sentinel rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. The virus is a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, and is transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes. The first report of Zika virus outside Africa and Asia was in 2007 when the virus was associated with a small outbreak in Yap State, part of the Federated States of Micronesia. Since then, Zika virus infections have been reported around the world, including in southeast Asia; French Polynesia and other islands in the Pacific Ocean; and parts of South, Central, and North America. Symptomatic infection in human beings normally results in a mild and self-limiting febrile disease, although recent reports have suggested a possible association with more serious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, and microcephaly in newborn infants of mothers infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. In this Review, we summarise the history of Zika virus from its first detection to its current worldwide distribution. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Geology and geochemistry of epithermal precious metal vein systems in the intra-oceanic arcs of Palau and Yap, western Pacific

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rytuba, J.J.; Miller, W.R.

    1990-01-01

    The Palau and Yap arcs are part of an intra-oceanic island-arc-trench system which separates the Pacific and Philippine plates in the western Pacific Ocean. The 350-km-long Palau arc consists of over 200 islands while the 400-km-long Yap arc located to the north has only four major islands exposed. Four of the largest islands in Palau are composed primarily of early Eocene to mid-Miocene volcanic rocks and the four islands comprising Yap contain only Miocene volcanic rocks. Basalt and basaltic andesites of the Babelthuap Formation are the oldest volcanic rocks in Palau and are characterized by high MgO, Ni and Cr and low TiO2 and have a boninitic affinity. They form the central and southeastern parts of Babelthuap Island. Oligocene arc tholeiite flows having an age of 34-35.5 Ma comprise most of the three smaller volcanic islands in Palau and the western part of Babelthuap. The youngest volcanic rocks are dacitic intrusions having an age of 22.7-23.2 Ma. The Yap arc is unusual in that metamorphic rocks up to amphibolite grade form most of the islands. These are underlain by a melange composed of igneous and volcanic clasts as well as clasts from a dismembered copper-gold skarn deposit. Miocene volcanic rocks consisting of flows and volcaniclastic deposits overlie the melange and metamorphic complex. An epithermal precious-metal vein system hosted by flows and flow breccias of the Babelthuap Formation occurs in an area 1.5 km by 1 km on the southeast side of Babelthuap Island. Over 50 veins and mineralized breccias ranging up to 2 m in width and having a strike length up to 500 m contain from trace to 13.0 ppm gold. The veins consist of quartz with varying amounts of sulfides and iron oxides after sulfides and the mineralized breccias consist of brecciated country rock cemented by quartz and iron oxides after sulfides. The veins and mineralized breccias generally dip within 15?? of vertical and have two preferred orientations, north-northwest and north

  5. Farklı Durum Çeşitlerinden Mahalli ve Laboratuvar Koşullarında Yapılmış Bulguların Bazı Vitamin ve Mineral İçerikleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Berrin Özkaya

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Araştırmada 5 farklı durum buğdayının, bunlardan mahalli ve laboratuvar koşullarında yapılan bulguların bazı kimyasal özellikleri ile tiamin, riboflavin ve mineral içerikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Buğdayların yapımı sırasında buğdayların tiamin, özellikle de riboflavin miktarları azalmıştır. Mahalli koşullarda yapılan bulgurların tiamin ve riboflavin miktarları laboratuvarda yapılanlara kıyasla biraz düşük çıkmıştır. Bulgurların mineral içerikleri (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ca ve Mg miktarları yapıldıktan buğdaylara kıyasla daha düşük çıkmış, mahalli ve laboratuvar koşullarında yapılan bulgurların mineral madde miktarlarında önemli bir fark görülmemiştir.

  6. U.S. Air Force Live | The Official Blog of the United States Air Force

    Science.gov (United States)

    local villager waits while Louis Mangtau, Chief of Fais Island, sorts through supplies that were dropped during Operation Christmas Drop 2015, Dec. 8, 2015, at Fais Island, Federated States of Micronesia Force photo by Osakabe Yasuo/Released) A local villager waits while Louis Mangtau, Chief of Fais Island

  7. Academic Achievement and Classification of Students from the Freely Associated States in Guam Schools. REL 2017-260

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stewart, Joshua; Stringer, Katie; Arens, Sheila A.; Cicchinelli, Louis F.; San Nicolas, Heidi; Flores, Nieves

    2017-01-01

    Guam is home to the largest population of migrants from the Freely Associated States (FAS): the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. FAS students made up 22 percent of total student enrollment in Guam public schools in 2012. FAS students face a number of challenges when they enter Guam…

  8. Kefir Kültürünün Beyaz Peynir Yapımında Kullanılması Üzerine bir Araştırma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hasan Yaygın

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Beyaz peynir yapımında kullanılacak saf kültürde yer alması gereken mikroorganizmaları saptamak amacı ile bazı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Araştırıcıların çoğunluğu saf kültürde S. lactis, S. cremoris ve L. casei’ nin bulunması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada beyaz peynir yapımında saf kültür olarak kefir kültürü kullanılmıştır. Kefir kültüründe söz konusu bakterilerle beraber bazı maya ve bakteriler de bulunmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları kefir kültürü katılan sütten yapılan beyaz peynirde asitlik gelişiminin istenilen düzeyde olduğu; tat ve aroma ile yapının tüketiciler tarafından beğenildiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

  9. Denizli İlinde İhracatı Yapılan Mantarlar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kutret GEZER

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Mantarlar protein, karbonhidrat, vitamin ve mineral gibi besinler yönünden zengin içeriğe sahip olmalarının yanı sıra farklı lezzetleriyle, yüzyıllardır insanoğlu için iyi bir besin kaynağı olmuştur. Ayrıca içerdikleri pek çok aktif bileşenin teröpatik etkilerinin bulunması besinsel değerlerini de arttırmaktadır. Ancak taze mantarların raf ömrünün kısa olması, kolay bozulmaları ve her dönemde bulunamamaları gibi bazı olumsuzluklar mantarların gıda sektöründe kullanım alanlarını sınırlamaktadır. Taze tüketime alternatif yöntemlerden biri olan kurutulmuş mantarların kullanımı dünya genelinde giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Mantarlar kurutulduğunda tat ve diğer özelliklerini büyük oranda korumaktadırlar. Kurutulmuş mantarlar, öğütülerek toz halinde veya bütün olarak doğrudan tüketilebildiği gibi tatlı, baharat, garnitür, mama, pizza ve çorbalara katılarak çeşitli şekillerde de tüketilebilmektedir. Ülkemizde 2007 yılında 21 ton kurutulmuş mantar ihracatı gerçekleşmiş ve 1.71 milyon dolar ülke ekonomisine katkı sağlanmıştır. Denizli ili kuru veya şoklanmış mantar ihracatında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Denizli ilinde kurutularak ihracatı yapılan Boletus edulis, Morchella esculenta, Cantharellus cibarius ve Craterellus cornucopioides türlerinin genel özellikleri ve besin içerikleriyle ilgili bilgilerin verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma için konuyla ilgili son zamanlarda yapılmış çalışmalara ulaşılarak yazın taraması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya konu olan mantar türleriyle ilgili bulgular arasındaki ilişkiler göz önüne alınarak, elde edilen veriler bir araya getirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

  10. 15 CFR Supplement No. 1 to Part 710 - States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya... Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Moldova... * For export control purposes, these destinations are identified using a different nomenclature under...

  11. Tekstilde Yeni Bir Konsept Olan Dendrimerlerin Tarihçesi, Sınıflandırılması, Molekül Yapısı ve Özellikleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Osman NAMIRTI

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Son 20 yıldır polimer kimyası tarafından çok sayıda lineer olmayan yapılar ortaya çıkartılmış ve polimer sentezi sırasında çok sayıda yan dalların eklenmesi, çok sayıda uç gruplara sahip makromoleküllerin eldesine yol açmıştır. Bu polimerlerin iki tipi, düzgün yapıda dallanmış "dendrimer"ler ile dallanmanın rastgele oluştuğu "hiperdallanmış moleküller"dir. Bu makalede özel yapıları nedeniyle tekstilde de çeşitli uygulama alanları bulan dendrimerlerin tarihçesi, sınıflandırılması, molekül yapısı ve özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.

  12. 23 Ekim 2011 Tabanlı-Van Depreminin Sismik Jeomorfolojisi ve Doğu Anadolu’daki Aktif Tektonik Yapılarla Olan İlişkisi

    OpenAIRE

    Özkaymak, Çağlar; Sözbilir, Hasan; Bozkurt, Erdin; Dirik, Kadir; Topal, Tamer; Alan, Hüseyin; Çağlan, Dündar

    2011-01-01

    Bu çalışma, 23 Ekim 2011 tarihindemeydana gelen Tabanlı-Van (M = 7.2) depreminin bölgenin aktif tektoniğiiçerisindeki konumunu açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Tabanlı-Van depremindensonra arazi çalışmaları yapılmış, depremle ilişkili deformasyon yapılarıincelenmiş ve arazi gözlemlerinden elde edilen veriler ile Van ili veçevresiyle ilgili olarak daha önce yapılmış aktif tektonik çalışmalarıkarşılaştırılarak değerlendirmeye gidilmiştir. Depremsırasında veya hemen sonrasında yeryüzünde/y...

  13. 17-AAG suppresses growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells via regulation of the LATS1/YAP pathway

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Xiang-Yun; Luo, Qing-Quan; Xu, Yun-Hua; Tang, Nai-Wang; Niu, Xiao-Min; Li, Zi-Ming; Shen, Sheng-Ping; Lu, Shun; Chen, Zhi-Wei

    2015-01-01

    The large tumour suppressor 1 (LATS1) signalling network has been proved to be an essential regulator within the cell, participating in multiple cellular phenotypes. However, it is unclear concerning the clinical significance of LATS1 and the regulatory mechanisms of 17-Allylamino-17- demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of LATS1 and yes-associated protein (YAP) expression with clinicopathological characteristics in LAC patients, and the effects of 17-AAG on biological behaviours of LAC cells. Subcutaneous LAC tumour models were further established to observe the tumour growth in nude mice. The results showed that the positive expression of LATS1 was significantly lowered (26.7% versus 68.0%, P AAG inhibited proliferation and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in LAC cells together with increased expression of E-cadherin and p-LATS1, and decreased expression of YAP and connective tissue growth factor. Tumour volumes and weight were much smaller in 17-AAG-treated groups than those in untreated group (P AAG suppresses growth and invasion of LAC cells via regulation of the LATS1/YAP pathway in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that we may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human LAC. PMID:25712415

  14. Roles of the Yap1 transcription factor and antioxidants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae's tolerance to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which function as thiol-reactive electrophiles generating oxidative stress.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Daehee; Hahn, Ji-Sook

    2013-08-01

    Development of the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important issue for cellulosic ethanol production. Although furfural and HMF are known to induce oxidative stress, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we show that both furfural and HMF act as thiol-reactive electrophiles, thus directly activating the Yap1 transcription factor via the H2O2-independent pathway, depleting cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, and accumulating reactive oxygen species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, furfural showed higher reactivity than did HMF toward GSH in vitro and in vivo. In line with such toxic mechanisms, overexpression of YAP1(C620F), a constitutively active mutant of YAP1, and Yap1 target genes encoding catalases (CTA1 and CTT1) increased tolerance to furfural and HMF. However, increasing GSH levels by overexpression of genes for GSH biosynthesis (GSH1 and GLR1) or by the exogenous addition of GSH to the culture medium enhanced tolerance to furfural but not to HMF.

  15. Dual inhibition of Wnt and Yes-associated protein signaling retards the growth of triple-negative breast cancer in both mesenchymal and epithelial states.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sulaiman, Andrew; McGarry, Sarah; Li, Li; Jia, Deyong; Ooi, Sarah; Addison, Christina; Dimitroulakos, Jim; Arnaout, Angel; Nessim, Carolyn; Yao, Zemin; Ji, Guang; Song, Haiyan; Gadde, Suresh; Li, Xuguang; Wang, Lisheng

    2018-04-01

    Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most refractory subtype of breast cancer to current treatments, accounts disproportionately for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths. This is largely due to cancer plasticity and the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recently, distinct yet interconvertible mesenchymal-like and epithelial-like states have been revealed in breast CSCs. Thus, strategies capable of simultaneously inhibiting bulk and CSC populations in both mesenchymal and epithelial states have yet to be developed. Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo/YAP pathways are crucial in tumorigenesis, but importantly also possess tumor suppressor functions in certain contexts. One possibility is that TNBC cells in epithelial or mesenchymal state may differently affect Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo/YAP signaling and CSC phenotypes. In this report, we found that YAP signaling and CD44 high /CD24 -/low CSCs were upregulated while Wnt/β-catenin signaling and ALDH+ CSCs were downregulated in mesenchymal-like TNBC cells, and vice versa in their epithelial-like counterparts. Dual knockdown of YAP and Wnt/β-catenin, but neither alone, was required for effective suppression of both CD44 high /CD24 -/low and ALDH+ CSC populations in mesenchymal and epithelial TNBC cells. These observations were confirmed with cultured tumor fragments prepared from patients with TNBC after treatment with Wnt inhibitor ICG-001 and YAP inhibitor simvastatin. In addition, a clinical database showed that decreased gene expression of Wnt and YAP was positively correlated with decreased ALDH and CD44 expression in patients' samples while increased patient survival. Furthermore, tumor growth of TNBC cells in either epithelial or mesenchymal state was retarded, and both CD44 high /CD24 -/low and ALDH+ CSC subpopulations were diminished in a human xenograft model after dual administration of ICG-001 and simvastatin. Tumorigenicity was also hampered after secondary transplantation. These data suggest a new

  16. Cancer of the oral cavity- a growing concern in the Micronesia: a case report from the Marshall Islands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bhandary, Sangita; Bhandary, Prahlad

    2003-03-01

    Cancer of the oral cavity is of growing concern worldwide. In the Micronesia, there has been a recent increase in use of betel nut and tobacco chewing in addition to already existing problem of smoking and alcohol drinking. These deleterious habits have further added the risk for development of oral cancers in the Marshall Islands. The oral cancers have good prognosis, which is directly related to the early diagnosis and treatment. Advanced staged cancers need mutilating surgery in addition to radiotherapy and carry high mortality rate. The epidemiology, etiology and recent approaches in the management of oral cavity cancer has been discussed along with a case report of advanced cancer of the floor of the mouth from the Marshall Islands.

  17. Radiological survey of plants, animals, and soil in micronesia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nelson, V.A.

    1975-11-01

    In 1974 the Laboratory of Radiation Ecology began a program to determine the radionuclides found in foods, plants, animals, and soils of the Central Pacific. As part of this program the present study was undertaken to determine radionuclides found in the common foods and soils in areas of Micronesia other than those areas receiving local fallout from the test sites at Bikini or Enewetak atolls. Areas sampled in 1975 were Majuro Atoll in the Marshall Islands, Truk and Ponape in the Caroline Islands, Guam in the Marianas Islands, and Koror and Babelthaup in the Palau Islands. All samples were analyzed for gamma-emitting radionuclides while some were also analyzed for 90 Sr of 239 240 Pu. Results of the analyses indicate that naturally occurring 40 K is the predominant radionuclide in the biological samples. Cesium-137 in amounts less than 1 pCi/g (dry) was the only fallout radionuclide detected in most of the biological samples. Soil samples usually contained 90 Sr, 137 Cs, 238 U, and 239 Pu, while soil from Truk, Palau, and Ponape also contained isotopes of radium and thorium. Soil from Guam also contained 210 Pb and 235 U in addition to the above radionuclides. Considering only the fallout radionuclides, the values for 90 Sr, 137 Cs, and 239 240 Pu in samples from Guam, Palau, Truk, Ponape, and Majuro are less than the values for these radionuclides in similar samples from atolls such as Utirik, Rongerik, and Ailinginae in the northern Marshall Islands, and are much less than values of these radionuclides in samples from Bikini and Rongelap atolls

  18. 17-AAG suppresses growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells via regulation of the LATS1/YAP pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Xiang-Yun; Luo, Qing-Quan; Xu, Yun-Hua; Tang, Nai-Wang; Niu, Xiao-Min; Li, Zi-Ming; Shen, Sheng-Ping; Lu, Shun; Chen, Zhi-Wei

    2015-03-01

    The large tumour suppressor 1 (LATS1) signalling network has been proved to be an essential regulator within the cell, participating in multiple cellular phenotypes. However, it is unclear concerning the clinical significance of LATS1 and the regulatory mechanisms of 17-Allylamino-17- demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of LATS1 and yes-associated protein (YAP) expression with clinicopathological characteristics in LAC patients, and the effects of 17-AAG on biological behaviours of LAC cells. Subcutaneous LAC tumour models were further established to observe the tumour growth in nude mice. The results showed that the positive expression of LATS1 was significantly lowered (26.7% versus 68.0%, P AAG inhibited proliferation and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in LAC cells together with increased expression of E-cadherin and p-LATS1, and decreased expression of YAP and connective tissue growth factor. Tumour volumes and weight were much smaller in 17-AAG-treated groups than those in untreated group (P AAG suppresses growth and invasion of LAC cells via regulation of the LATS1/YAP pathway in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that we may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human LAC. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

  19. Türkiye’de süs bitkileri sektörünün üretim ve yapısal sorunları ve öneriler

    OpenAIRE

    ONAY, Hatice Aslı

    2008-01-01

    ÖZET:

    Bu tez çalışması Türkiye’de süs bitkileri sektörünün üretim ve yapısal sorunlarını analiz ederek bunlara yapıcı ve sürdürülebilir çözümler üretmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bunun için öncelikle sektörün ülkemizdeki mevcut durumu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Mevcut durumu ortaya koymak için ise sektörün üretim, ithalat ve ihracat verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Birçok kurum ve kuruluşlardan edinilen bu veriler ışığında sekt...

  20. Optical techniques for solid-state materials characterization

    CERN Document Server

    Prasankumar, Rohit P

    2016-01-01

    This book has comprehensively covered the essential optical approaches needed for solid-state materials characterization. Written by experts in the field, this will be a great reference for students, engineers, and scientists.-Professor Yoke Khin Yap, Michigan Technical University.

  1. YAP and the Hippo pathway in pediatric cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmed, Atif A; Mohamed, Abdalla D; Gener, Melissa; Li, Weijie; Taboada, Eugenio

    2017-01-01

    The Hippo pathway is an important signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is evolutionarily conserved in mammals and is stimulated by cell-cell contact, inhibiting cell proliferation in response to increased cell density. During early embryonic development, the Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ development and size, and its functions result in the coordinated balance between proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Its principal effectors, YAP and TAZ, regulate signaling by the embryonic stem cells and determine cell fate and histogenesis. Dysfunction of this pathway contributes to cancer development in adults and children. Emerging studies have shed light on the upregulation of Hippo pathway members in several pediatric cancers and may offer prognostic information on rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and other brain gliomas. We review the results of such published studies and highlight the potential clinical application of this pathway in pediatric oncologic and pathologic studies. These studies support targeting this pathway as a novel treatment strategy.

  2. Transcriptomic profiling of chemical exposure reveals roles of Yap1 in protecting yeast cells from oxidative and other types of stresses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Chao; Li, Zhouquan; Zhang, Xiaohua; Yuan, Li; Dai, Heping; Xiao, Wei

    2016-01-01

    Transcriptomic profiles are generated by comparing wild-type and the yeast yap1 mutant to various chemicals in an attempt to establish a correlation between this gene mutation and chemical exposure. Test chemicals include ClonNAT as a non-genotoxic agent, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) as an alkylating agent, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) as an oxidative agent and the mixture of t-BHP and MMS to reflect complex natural exposure. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and specific DEGs were obtained by excluding overlapping DEGs with the control group. In the MMS exposure group, deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic processes were upregulated, while oxidation-reduction processes were downregulated. In the t-BHP exposure group, metabolic processes were upregulated while peroxisome and ion transport pathways were downregulated. In the mixture exposure group, the proteasome pathway was upregulated, while the aerobic respiration was downregulated. Homologue analysis of DEGs related to human diseases showed that many of DEGs were linked to cancer, ageing and neuronal degeneration. These observations confirm that the yap1 mutant is more sensitive to chemicals than wild-type cells and that the susceptible individuals carrying the YAP1-like gene defect may enhance risk to chemical exposure. Hence, this study offers a novel approach to environmental risk assessment, based on the genetic backgrounds of susceptible individuals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  3. Fine root productivity varies along nitrogen and phosphorus gradients in high-rainfall mangrove forests of Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cormier, Nicole; Twilley, Robert R.; Ewel, Katherine C.; Krauss, Ken W.

    2015-01-01

    Belowground biomass is thought to account for much of the total biomass in mangrove forests and may be related to soil fertility. The Yela River and the Sapwalap River, Federated States of Micronesia, contain a natural soil resource gradient defined by total phosphorus (P) density ranging from 0.05 to 0.42 mg cm−3 in different hydrogeomorphic settings. We used this fertility gradient to test the hypothesis that edaphic conditions constrain mangrove productivity through differential allocation of biomass to belowground roots. We removed sequential cores and implanted root ingrowth bags to measure in situ biomass and productivity, respectively. Belowground root biomass values ranged among sites from 0.448 ± 0.096 to 2.641 ± 0.534 kg m−2. Root productivity (roots ≤20 mm) did not vary significantly along the gradient (P = 0.3355) or with P fertilization after 6 months (P = 0.2968). Fine root productivity (roots ≤2 mm), however, did vary significantly among sites (P = 0.0363) and ranged from 45.88 ± 21.37 to 118.66 ± 38.05 g m−2 year−1. The distribution of total standing root biomass and fine root productivity followed patterns of N:P ratios as hypothesized, with larger root mass generally associated with lower relative P concentrations. Many of the processes of nutrient acquisition reported from nutrient-limited mangrove forests may also occur in forests of greater biomass and productivity when growing along soil nutrient gradients.

  4. Positioning of aquatic animals based on time-of-arrival and random walk models using YAPS (Yet Another Positioning Solver)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Baktoft, Henrik; Gjelland, Karl Øystein; Økland, Finn

    2017-01-01

    Aquatic positional telemetry offers vast opportunities to study in vivo behaviour of wild animals, but there is room for improvement in the data quality provided by current procedures for estimating positions. Here we present a novel positioning method called YAPS (Yet Another Positioning Solver...

  5. Kırgız Atasözlerinin Cümle Yapısı Üzerinde Bazı Gözlemler Some Observations On The Sentence Structures of The Kirghiz Proverbs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mevlüt GÜLTEKİN

    2013-03-01

    alışmamızda, çoğunu, Kırgızistan’da yayımlanmış Bir Miñ Kırgız Eliniñ Makal-Lakaptarı (BM adlı eserle Türkiye’de çıkmış Kırgız Atasözleri (KA adlı iki çalışmadan aldığımız, 97 Kırgız atasözünü cümle yapıları bakımından gözden geçireceğiz. Kalıplaşmış ifade biçimlerinden biri olan Kırgız atasözlerini, cümle yapıları itibarıyla, 1. Basit, 2. Birleşik, a. sıralı, b. girişik, c. şart, ç. iç içe birleşik ve 3. Karmaşık cümle yapısındaki atasözleri olarak tasnif etmek suretiyle inceleyeceğiz. Basit cümle yapısındaki atasözleri (1-101, anlamca bildirme ve emir cümlesi yapısındakiler olmak üzere ikiye ayrılarak gözden geçireceğiz. Sıralı cümle yapısındaki atasözlerini (11-25 ise, dizilişlerine göre, kurallı ve devrik yapıda olanlar olarak inceleyeceğiz. Şartlı birleşik cümle yapısındaki atasözlerini (26-44 de, zarf tümleci, özne, nesne, yer tamlayıcısı vb. işlevli olanlar biçiminde gözden geçireceğiz. İç içe birleşik cümle yapısındaki atasözlerini (45-55 ise, nesne işlevi gören ve degen sıfat-fiilinin önünde gelip vasıflayıcı olarak kullanılanlar diye ikiye ayırarak ele alacağız. Girişik cümle yapısındaki atasözlerini (58-78 ise, A. isim-fiillerle, B. sıfat-fiillerle, C. zarf-fiillerle kurulan girişik birleşik cümle yapısına sahip atasözleri olarak inceleyecek ve bu fiil gruplarının katıldığı birleşik cümlelerdeki işlevlerine de işaret edeceğiz. İçerdiği temel cümlelerden en az birisi girişik cümlecik veya şart cümleciği yapısındaki iki ya da daha fazla sıralı cümleden veya şartlı birleşik cümleden meydana gelen karmaşık cümle yapısındaki atasözlerini (79-97 ise, makalenin sonunda gözden geçireceğiz.

  6. Continuous wave and AO Q-switch operation Tm,Ho:YAP laser pumped by a laser diode of 798 nm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, L J; Yao, B Q; Song, C W; Wang, Y Z; Wang, Z G

    2009-01-01

    Continuous wave (CW) and acousto-optical (AO) Q-switch operation of Tm (5 at.%), Ho (0.3 at.%):YAP laser at 2.13 μm wavelength were reported in this paper. The Tm,Ho:YAP crystal was cooled by liquid nitrogen and double-end-pumped by a 14.2 W fiber-coupled laser diode at 798 nm. Different resonator lengths and output couplers for the pump power were tried. A maximum conversion efficiency of 31.3% and a maximum slope efficiency of 35.2% were acquired with CW output power of 4.45 W. Average power of 4.21 W was obtained at pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 15 kHz, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 29.6% and a slope efficiency of 32.4%. The energy per pulse of 2.3 mJ in 64 ns was achieved at 1.5 kHz with the peak power of 35.8 kW

  7. Tarihsel süreç içinde peyzaj tasarım ve uygulama çalışmalarında yapı malzemelerinin kullanımının irdelenmesi

    OpenAIRE

    Shakouri, Nasim

    2010-01-01

    Peyzaj, sayısız materyallerden oluşan görsel bir bütünlük olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu materyaller zaman içindeki değişimlerle, peyzaj tipi ve karakterini belirlemektedir. Peyzaj mimarlığında kullanılan materyaller, canlı ve cansız materyaller olarak ayrıca tanımlanmaktadır. Cansız materyaller kavramı içinde, peyzaj mimarlığında kullanılan yapısal öğelerin oluşturmasında önemli rol oynayan yapı malzemeleri de yer almaktadır. Peyzaj mimarlığında kullanılan yapısal malzemelerin özellikl...

  8. Süryaniler’in Tarihi ve Sosyolojik Yapısı

    OpenAIRE

    Ürek, Melki

    2014-01-01

    Bu makalede, Süryanilerin tarihi süreçleri ve sosyolojik yapıları ele alın-mıştır. Süryaniler yüzyıllar boyunca oldukça kaotik bir cooğrafyada yaşa-mışlarddır. Bu nedenle, dini, politik ve ideolojik açıdan pek çok farklı pa-radigmanın etkisi altında kalmışlardır. Bu olumsuz etki Süryanileri tarihi ve teolojik açıdan hatalı tanımlamalar ve yanlış isimlendirmeler gibi so-runlarla yüz yüze bırakmıştır. Ancak son zamanlarda üretilen akademik ve objektif çalışmalarla, Süryani liderlerin kendilerin...

  9. Van Otlu Peynirinin Yapılışı ve Mikrobiyolojik, Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Nitelikleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmet Kurt

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmada 10 adet taze Van Otlu peyniri örneklerine; mikrobiyolojik, fiziksel ve kimyasal analizler uygulanmıştır. Peynir teknolojisinde, sağlık, teknik ve ekonomik yönden önemli olan toplam koliform, süt asidi, lipolitik ve proteolitik mikroorganizmalarla maya ve küflerin sayısal değerleri yanında rutubet, yağ, yağsız kurumadde, kurumaddede yağ, protein, suda eriyen protein, kül, tuz, saf kül, kurumaddede tuz ve % asitlik oranları, peynir örneklerinde ayrı ayrı saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre peynir yapımı çok dağınık ve ilkel karakter arz etmektedir. Peynirlerin yapımındaki farklı uygulamalar, teknik bilgi ve yöntem noksanlığı yüzünden, gerek mikrobiyolojik analiz ve gerekse fiziksel ve kimyasal analiz sonuçları örnekten örneğe önemli fraklılıklar göstermiştir. Peynir örneklerinde saptanan Koliform organizma sayıları, hem sağlık yönünden hem de peynirlerin olgunlaşmalarında sorunlara neden olabilecek düzeydedir.

  10. Evaluation of the performance of the YAP-(S)PET scanner and its application in neuroscience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Belcari, Nicola; Guerra, Alberto Del; Bartoli, Antonietta; Bianchi, Daniele; Lazzarotti, Marco; Sensi, Luca; Menichetti, Luca; Lecchi, Michela; Erba, Paola A.; Mariani, Giuliano; Corsini, Giovanni U.; Sgado, Paola

    2007-01-01

    This paper presents the performance evaluation of the small animal scanner YAP-(S)PET, both in PET and SPECT modalities following preliminary NEMA standards for small animal PET. Data are taken with a new version of the scanner that is installed at the IFC-CNR in Pisa (Italy) within the framework of the Center of Excellence AmbiSEN of the University of Pisa. This paper also reports some preliminary SPECT applications in neuroscience using 123 I-FP-CIT (DaTSCAN)

  11. Chinese and Venetian glass beads excavated from Fais Island in Micronesia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Intoh, Michiko

    1997-01-01

    Full text: Over 830 glass beads were excavated from a late prehistoric cemetery site on Fais Island in the Caroline Islands, Micronesia In one of the 13 excavated burials a young woman had more that 310 glass beads around her wrist. Bone collagen from this burial was dated by AMS to 387 + 64 BP. The associated glass beads were classified into three groups based on colour and size. A sample from each group was examined for evidence of manufacturing technique. The chemical composition was determined using an X-ray microanalyser. The first group consisted of more than 300 pale green, transparent glass beads which are less than 2 mm in diameter. The chemical composition is high in PbO (75.22%) while low in MgO. Such a high lead content is characteristic of Chinese glass. The manufacturing technique could not be determined because the surfaces were too eroded. The second group contains several yellow, translucent glass beads. The chemical composition is also high in PbO (54.8%) and low in MgO. The beads were made by winding. The combination of winding and high lead strongly indicates that the beads were made in China. The third group had only one white, translucent glass bead. It has particular white stripes which suggest that it is a 'gooseberry' bead which was made in Venice between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. In conclusion, both Chinese and Venetian glass beads co-existed on Fais Island around the time of European contact. They are likely to have been brought in from an area which had access to both beads. Island South-East Asia is tentatively considered to be the source area

  12. Türkiye Türkçesinde -ma Ekinin Yapım Eki Olarak İşlevleri / Functions of the Derivative Suffix -ma in Turkey Turkish

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nesrin Bayraktar Erten

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Functions of the suffix -ma suffix can be classified under three groups in Turkey Turkish. This suffix produces adjectives that are related with root meanings like dönme dolap, sallama çay, gömme dolap, and adjectives like bodoslama atla, silme doldur etc. Besides these functions, it produces permanent nouns like gözleme, sarma, dolma, dondurma, kuzukapama, sürme, etc. This study investigates the suffix -ma as a derivational form and its functions have been classified. The study also evaluates the frequency with which it is used to coin permanent nouns and adjectives.   Öz -ma ekinin Türkiye Türkçesinde işlevlerini başlıca üç grupta toplamak mümkündür. -ma eki ile bir yandan dönme dolap, sallama çay, gömme dolap gibi örneklerde eklendiği eylem tabanıyla ilişkili sıfatlar ve bodoslama atla, silme doldur gibi zarflar yapılırken, öte yandan da gözleme, sarma, dolma, dondurma, kuzukapama, sürme örneklerinde görüldüğü gibi kalıcı adlar yapılmıştır. Kalıcı adlar içinde yemek adları, oldukça önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada -ma eki, bir yapım eki olarak değerlendirilecek ve örnekler çerçevesinde tasnif edilerek kalıcı ad ve sıfat yapımında kullanıldığı yerlerdeki sıklık ele alınacaktır.

  13. Emerging role of Hippo signalling in pancreatic biology: YAP re-expression and plausible link to islet cell apoptosis and replication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Anjana; Yerra, Veera Ganesh; Kumar, Ashutosh

    2017-02-01

    Diabetes mellitus is an ailment that develops when the functional capacity of the pancreas does not meet the metabolic requirements of the whole body, either due to insulin insufficiency or resistance to insulin action. Current therapies that control glycaemia are limited by their unwanted effects or their inability to prevent the development of long-term complications. Regeneration and replacement of beta cell therapies are shaping the goals of future management of diabetes. The Hippo pathway, first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, plays a vital role in controlling the organ size. Nuclear recruitment of YAP/TAZ (Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif), a mammalian analogue of Yorkie protein found in Drosophila, activates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. YAP was found to regulate early pancreatic development followed by downregulation during Ngn3-specific endocrine lineage maturation corresponding to their mitotic quiescence. Recent evidences have shown that optimum modulation of upstream kinases in the Hippo signalling pathway may lead to apoptosis inhibition and renewal of progenitor as well as stem cells in case of tissue or cell injury. This article reviews the evidences linking the role of various components of the Hippo pathway to pancreatic regeneration. In particular, the focus is on the beneficial role of induced YAP expression and its nuclear distribution on apoptosis and replication of adult pancreatic β islets. This approach may be of immense significance towards our fight against diabetes; thus, more insightful research is warranted in the area of Hippo signalling pathway and its involvement in pancreatic regeneration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

  14. Maddenin tanecikli yapısının mikro ve makro boyutta anlaşılmasının sağlanması [Aiding comprehension of the particulate of matter at the micro and macro levels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Seda OKUMUŞ

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmada deneyler ve makro gösterim ile maddenin tanecikli yapısının anlaşılması sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada tek denekli deneysel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği birinci sınıfında öğrenim gören 48 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Maddenin Tanecikli Yapısı Testleri (MTYT kullanılmıştır. Testler açık uçlu sorulardan oluşmaktadır. Uygulama sürecinde araştırmanın amacını gerçekleştirmek üzere iki deney yapılmıştır. Deneylerden önce MTYT uygulanmış ve öğrencilerin deneyle ilgili ön bilgileri alınmıştır. Ardından deneyler yapılmış ve deneylerden sonra MTYT tekrar uygulanmış ve öğrencilerin tanecikli yapıyla ilgili anlamaları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca birinci deney için deneyin ardından öğrencilerin tanecikli yapıyı anlamaları amacıyla makro boyutta gösterim yapılmış ve bu gösterimden sonra tekrar MTYT uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, öğrencilerin ilk durumda kavramsal yanlış anlamalarının uygulama sonunda azaldığını göstermektedir. Ancak bazı noktalarda öğrencilerin sahip oldukları yanlış anlamaları devam ettirdikleri görülmüştür.

  15. Yapılandırılmış Okuma Yönteminin Okuma Hızı, Doğru Okuma ve Sesli Okuma Prozodisi Üzerindeki Etkisi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hasan Keskin

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışma ile yapılandırılmış okuma yönteminin, ilköğretim dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin, okuma hızı, doğru okuma ve prozodik okuma becerileri üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma için 2010-2011 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Afyonkarahisar merkeze bağlı dört ilköğretim okulundan veri toplanmıştır. Bu okullar arasından basit tesadüfi yöntemle belirlenen bir okuldaki akıcı okuma becerisini yeterince kazanamamış dokuz öğrenci ile oluşturulan grupta 24 ders saati “yapılandırılmış okuma yöntemi” uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yapılandırılmış okuma yöntemi öğrencilerin okuma hızı, doğru okuma ve sesli okuma prozodisi becerileri üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, yapılandırılmış okuma yönteminin, akıcı okuma becerileri yönünden endişe düzeyinde olan öğrencilerin, bu becerilerini geliştirmede etkili olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.

  16. Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Inoue, Mayuri; Suzuki, Atsushi; Nohara, Masato; Kan, Hironobu; Edward, Ahser; Kawahata, Hodaka

    2004-06-01

    We present 40 year-long skeletal chronologies of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) from an annually-banded coral (Porites sp.) collected from Pohnpei Island, Micronesia (western equatorial Pacific). Both the elements are present in antifouling marine paints and are released inadvertently into ambient seawater. Especially, Sn has often been used in the form of tributyltin (TBT). Based on a stepwise pretreatment examination, Sn and Cu both inside and outside the aragonite lattice of the coral skeleton show a potential for providing marine pollution indicators. High values of extra-skeletal Cu/Ca and Sn/Ca atomic ratios were found between late 1960s and late 1980s during a period of active use of TBT-based antifouling paints worldwide. However, a significant decrease in both the ratios in the beginning of 1990s can be attributed to regulation of the use of TBT on cargo ships by countries such as the USA, Japan and Australia. - A new index of coral marine pollution is proposed.

  17. Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inoue, Mayuri; Suzuki, Atsushi; Nohara, Masato; Kan, Hironobu; Edward, Ahser; Kawahata, Hodaka

    2004-01-01

    We present 40 year-long skeletal chronologies of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) from an annually-banded coral (Porites sp.) collected from Pohnpei Island, Micronesia (western equatorial Pacific). Both the elements are present in antifouling marine paints and are released inadvertently into ambient seawater. Especially, Sn has often been used in the form of tributyltin (TBT). Based on a stepwise pretreatment examination, Sn and Cu both inside and outside the aragonite lattice of the coral skeleton show a potential for providing marine pollution indicators. High values of extra-skeletal Cu/Ca and Sn/Ca atomic ratios were found between late 1960s and late 1980s during a period of active use of TBT-based antifouling paints worldwide. However, a significant decrease in both the ratios in the beginning of 1990s can be attributed to regulation of the use of TBT on cargo ships by countries such as the USA, Japan and Australia. - A new index of coral marine pollution is proposed

  18. Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Inoue, Mayuri; Suzuki, Atsushi; Nohara, Masato; Kan, Hironobu; Edward, Ahser; Kawahata, Hodaka

    2004-06-01

    We present 40 year-long skeletal chronologies of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) from an annually-banded coral (Porites sp.) collected from Pohnpei Island, Micronesia (western equatorial Pacific). Both the elements are present in antifouling marine paints and are released inadvertently into ambient seawater. Especially, Sn has often been used in the form of tributyltin (TBT). Based on a stepwise pretreatment examination, Sn and Cu both inside and outside the aragonite lattice of the coral skeleton show a potential for providing marine pollution indicators. High values of extra-skeletal Cu/Ca and Sn/Ca atomic ratios were found between late 1960s and late 1980s during a period of active use of TBT-based antifouling paints worldwide. However, a significant decrease in both the ratios in the beginning of 1990s can be attributed to regulation of the use of TBT on cargo ships by countries such as the USA, Japan and Australia.

  19. Morin impedes Yap nuclear translocation and fosters apoptosis through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling in Mst1 overexpressed HepG2 cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perumal, NaveenKumar [Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu (India); Perumal, MadanKumar [Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu (India); Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 (United States); Kannan, Anbarasu [Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas (United States); Subramani, Kumar [Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu (India); Halagowder, Devaraj [Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu (India); Sivasithamparam, NiranjaliDevaraj, E-mail: profniranjali@gmail.com [Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu (India)

    2017-06-15

    Recent clinical and experimental evidences strongly acclaim Yes-associated protein (Yap), a key oncogenic driver in liver carcinogenesis, as a therapeutic target. Of the known multiple schemes to inhibit Yap activity, activation of Mammalian Sterile 20-like Kinase 1 (Mst1), an upstream regulator of Yap, appears to be a promising one. In this study, we hypothesize that morin, a bioflavonoid, mediates its anti-cancer effect through the activation of Mst1/hippo signaling in liver cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, both full length Mst1 (F-Mst1) and kinase active N-terminal Mst1 (N-Mst1)-overexpressed HepG2 cells were used. Exposure of F-Mst1 overexpressed HepG2 cells to morin activated Mst1 by caspase-3 cleavage and thereby inhibited Yap nuclear translocation and fostered apoptosis. Morin suppressed NF-κB p65 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling through Mst1 activation via cleavage and phosphorylation, leading to cell death. Annexin-V/PI staining further confirmed the induction of apoptosis in morin treated F-Mst1 overexpressed cells. The present study shows that morin targets cell survival molecules such as NF-κB p65 and β-catenin through activation of hippo signaling. Therefore, morin could be considered as a potential anti-cancer agent against liver cancer. - Highlights: • Morin induced cytotoxicity in cultured HepG2 cells. • Morin activated hippo pathway via Mst1 activation in transfected HepG2 cells. • Morin suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. • Morin inhibited NF-κB signaling through Mst1 activation in transfected HepG2 cells. • Morin potentiates apoptosis through Mst1-JNK-caspase mediated mechanism in HepG2 cells.

  20. Morin impedes Yap nuclear translocation and fosters apoptosis through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling in Mst1 overexpressed HepG2 cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perumal, NaveenKumar; Perumal, MadanKumar; Kannan, Anbarasu; Subramani, Kumar; Halagowder, Devaraj; Sivasithamparam, NiranjaliDevaraj

    2017-01-01

    Recent clinical and experimental evidences strongly acclaim Yes-associated protein (Yap), a key oncogenic driver in liver carcinogenesis, as a therapeutic target. Of the known multiple schemes to inhibit Yap activity, activation of Mammalian Sterile 20-like Kinase 1 (Mst1), an upstream regulator of Yap, appears to be a promising one. In this study, we hypothesize that morin, a bioflavonoid, mediates its anti-cancer effect through the activation of Mst1/hippo signaling in liver cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, both full length Mst1 (F-Mst1) and kinase active N-terminal Mst1 (N-Mst1)-overexpressed HepG2 cells were used. Exposure of F-Mst1 overexpressed HepG2 cells to morin activated Mst1 by caspase-3 cleavage and thereby inhibited Yap nuclear translocation and fostered apoptosis. Morin suppressed NF-κB p65 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling through Mst1 activation via cleavage and phosphorylation, leading to cell death. Annexin-V/PI staining further confirmed the induction of apoptosis in morin treated F-Mst1 overexpressed cells. The present study shows that morin targets cell survival molecules such as NF-κB p65 and β-catenin through activation of hippo signaling. Therefore, morin could be considered as a potential anti-cancer agent against liver cancer. - Highlights: • Morin induced cytotoxicity in cultured HepG2 cells. • Morin activated hippo pathway via Mst1 activation in transfected HepG2 cells. • Morin suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. • Morin inhibited NF-κB signaling through Mst1 activation in transfected HepG2 cells. • Morin potentiates apoptosis through Mst1-JNK-caspase mediated mechanism in HepG2 cells.

  1. Role of YAP/TAZ in cell-matrix adhesion-mediated signalling and mechanotransduction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupont, Sirio

    2016-01-01

    Signalling from the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental cellular input that sustains proliferation, opposes cell death and regulates differentiation. Through integrins, cells perceive both the chemical composition and physical properties of the ECM. In particular, cell behaviour is profoundly influenced by the mechanical elasticity or stiffness of the ECM, which regulates the ability of cells to develop forces through their contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and to mature focal adhesions. This mechanosensing ability affects fundamental cellular functions, such that alterations of ECM stiffness is nowadays considered not a simple consequence of pathology, but a causative input driving aberrant cell behaviours. We here discuss recent advances on how mechanical signals intersect nuclear transcription and in particular the activity of YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, known downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway and important effectors of ECM mechanical cues.

  2. Role of YAP/TAZ in cell-matrix adhesion-mediated signalling and mechanotransduction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dupont, Sirio, E-mail: sirio.dupont@unipd.it

    2016-04-10

    Signalling from the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental cellular input that sustains proliferation, opposes cell death and regulates differentiation. Through integrins, cells perceive both the chemical composition and physical properties of the ECM. In particular, cell behaviour is profoundly influenced by the mechanical elasticity or stiffness of the ECM, which regulates the ability of cells to develop forces through their contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and to mature focal adhesions. This mechanosensing ability affects fundamental cellular functions, such that alterations of ECM stiffness is nowadays considered not a simple consequence of pathology, but a causative input driving aberrant cell behaviours. We here discuss recent advances on how mechanical signals intersect nuclear transcription and in particular the activity of YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, known downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway and important effectors of ECM mechanical cues.

  3. Functional study of the Hap4-like genes suggests that the key regulators of carbon metabolism HAP4 and oxidative stress response YAP1 in yeast diverged from a common ancestor.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nataliya Petryk

    Full Text Available The transcriptional regulator HAP4, induced by respiratory substrates, is involved in the balance between fermentation and respiration in S. cerevisiae. We identified putative orthologues of the Hap4 protein in all ascomycetes, based only on a conserved sixteen amino acid-long motif. In addition to this motif, some of these proteins contain a DNA-binding motif of the bZIP type, while being nonetheless globally highly divergent. The genome of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha contains two HAP4-like genes encoding the protein HpHap4-A which, like ScHap4, is devoid of a bZIP motif, and HpHap4-B which contains it. This species has been chosen for a detailed examination of their respective properties. Based mostly on global gene expression studies performed in the S. cerevisiae HAP4 disruption mutant (ScΔhap4, we show here that HpHap4-A is functionally equivalent to ScHap4, whereas HpHap4-B is not. Moreover HpHAP4-B is able to complement the H2O2 hypersensitivity of the ScYap1 deletant, YAP1 being, in S. cerevisiae, the main regulator of oxidative stress. Finally, a transcriptomic analysis performed in the ScΔyap1 strain overexpressing HpHAP4-B shows that HpHap4-B acts both on oxidative stress response and carbohydrate metabolism in a manner different from both ScYap1 and ScHap4. Deletion of these two genes in their natural host, H. polymorpha, confirms that HpHAP4-A participates in the control of the fermentation/respiration balance, while HpHAP4-B is involved in oxidative stress since its deletion leads to hypersensitivity to H2O2. These data, placed in an evolutionary context, raise new questions concerning the evolution of the HAP4 transcriptional regulation function and suggest that Yap1 and Hap4 have diverged from a unique regulatory protein in the fungal ancestor.

  4. Yapı Açısından Cümle Sorunu In Terms of Sentence Structure Problem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. İbrahim DELİCE

    2012-09-01

    kullanılan sözcük veya sözcük öbeği dizisi' olması ve bir duygu, düşünce, hüküm vb. ifade etmesi' özellikleri esas alınarak tanımlanmaktadır. Cümlenin 'yargı' esaslı bu tanımı, cümle için doğru bir bakış açısını yansıtmamaktadır; çünkü, bir sözcük veya sözcük öbeği de cümle içinde yerine göre bir yargı ifade edebilir. Bir dizgeye cümle dememizi sağlayan en temel kavram 'yüklem'dir. Dolayısıyla, “Cümle, bir yüklem ile ona bağlı en az bir tamamlayıcıdan oluşan ve bir oluş, kılış ile durum bildiren söz dizim biçiminin adıdır.” şeklinde tanımlandığında 'yapı bakımından cümle' konusunda bizi doğruya götürebilecek başka bir açıdan bakmamız mümkün olabilecektir. Yüklem etrafında tamamlayıcı cümle öğelerinin eklenmesiyle oluşturulan cümle, eğer başka bir yüklemin yapısal öğesi olmuyorsa iki yüklemli dizgeyi bir cümle saymak doğru olmaz; zira, her iki dizgenin de öğe çözümlemesi ayrı ayrı yapılır. Bir kılış, oluş veya durum bir yüklem etrafında ifade edildikten sonra başka bir cümleyle birbirini takip eden zaman çizgisi doğrultusunda sıralama bağlaçları veya noktalama işaretleriyle sıralanarak ya da bir cümle başka bir cümleyle bağlama edatları vasıtasıyla ilişkilendirilerek yan yana dizilebilir. Anlamca birbirinin tamamlayıcısı olmasına rağmen yapısal açıdan bakıldığında ayrı birer cümle olan bu dizgeleri bir birleşik cümle saymak doğru değildir. Sonuç olarak bir yüklem etrafında oluşturulan dizge için 'yapmak' dolayısıyla 'yapı'; iki yüklem etrafında ayrı ayrı yapılmış dizgeleri bir amaç veya anlam doğrultusunda kurgulamak için 'kullanmak' dolayısıyla 'kullanım' sözcüklerinin benimsenmesi ile cümle tanımına aykırı cümle tasniflerinin ortaya çıkması önlenmiş; var olan cümle tasniflerindeki çelişki giderilmiş olacaktır.

  5. Osmanlı Devletinin Son Yıllarında Ağnam Vergisine Yapılan Zamlar Rise In Ağnam (Sheep Tax In The Recent Years Of Ottoman State

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ünal TAŞKIN

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available People generally known as rayah in Ottoman State had some responsibilities to state. Among these responsibilities there were tax figures to be paid about agricultural and husbandry facilities. Each rayah doing husbandry facilities made payments in certain rates according to animal breed fed. Known as the tax of sheep and goat in the classical time of state, sheep tax gained a more general meaning and was subject to new regulations. It was initiated to be collected with a method called mukataa and expressing a certain amount determined in advance since the XVII. century of Ottoman State. Called as sheep tax mukataa, this income became one the most important figure of central treasury. Since the XIX. by abandoning the collection in kind method additional taxes with various names were also abolished.The price determined as the amount of tax was too much for some regions of the state because of regional differences in sheep prices. Because of this it was initiated to determine how much income was gained from the milk and wool of sheep and goat according to each region with the new regulation since the second part of the XIX. century. Determined by local administrations seperately, the tax figure of these amounts were determined in central office.As the rise in the taxes caused a negative effect on public, they were read justed towards the end of XIX. century. Reasons such as the current social situation of state, the worry of fund raising and political events caused changes in the encashment of taxes called as ağnam group. In ourwork the eight fold rise in ağnam tax which is accepted as one of the most important sources for recovering budget deficit of Ottoman State is goingto be studied. Osmanlı Devleti’nde reaya genel adıyla bilinen halkın, devletekarşı birtakım mükellefiyetleri vardı. Bu mükellefiyetler içerisinde,tarım ve hayvancılık faaliyetlerinden kaynaklı, ödenmesi gereken vergikalemleri mevcuttu. Hayvanc

  6. The Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristic,Transmission Potential and Control Measures of Zika Virus Infection%The Epidemiology,Clinical Characteristic,Transmission Potential and Control Measures of Zika Virus Infection

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    ALOTAIBIABDULLAHSAUDM; ALANAZIMANSOURRASHEDM; AHMADMEESAQ

    2017-01-01

    Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito born positive standard RNA arbovirus of Flaviviriadae family.Zika virus has been identified sporadically in human in Africa and Asia;however,clinically consequential Zika virus disease had not been documented before to the recent outbreak in the America in 2015.It is rapidly spread across the America and its devastating outcomes for pregnant women and infants.Prior to outbreak of America,Zika virus outbreaks occurred in Yap Island in Micronesia in 2007 and in French Polynesia in 2013.The World Health Organisation (WHO) declarer a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1,2016.Because of the continuous geographicexpansion of both the virus and its mosquito vectors,ZIKV poses a serious threat to public health aroundthe globe.This review summarizes a fast growing body of literature on the history,epidemiology,transmission,clinical presentation and control measures to prevent the transmission of Zika virus.

  7. Light response of YAP:Ce and LaBr{sub 3}:Ce scintillators to 4–30 MeV protons for applications to Telescope Proton Recoil neutron spectrometers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cazzaniga, C., E-mail: carlo.cazzaniga@stfc.ac.uk [ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Istituto di Fisica del Plasma “P. Caldirola”, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA/CNR, Via Cozzi 53, Milano (Italy); Cremona, A. [Istituto di Fisica del Plasma “P. Caldirola”, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA/CNR, Via Cozzi 53, Milano (Italy); Nocente, M.; Rebai, M.; Rigamonti, D. [Istituto di Fisica del Plasma “P. Caldirola”, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA/CNR, Via Cozzi 53, Milano (Italy); Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza della Scienza 3, Milano (Italy); Tardocchi, M. [Istituto di Fisica del Plasma “P. Caldirola”, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA/CNR, Via Cozzi 53, Milano (Italy); Croci, G. [Istituto di Fisica del Plasma “P. Caldirola”, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA/CNR, Via Cozzi 53, Milano (Italy); Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza della Scienza 3, Milano (Italy); Ericsson, G. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, EURATOM-VR Association, Uppsala University, Uppsala (Sweden); Fazzi, A. [Department of Energy of the Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, I-20156 Milano (Italy); Hjalmarsson, A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, EURATOM-VR Association, Uppsala University, Uppsala (Sweden); Mazzocco, M.; Strano, E. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, and INFN, Sez. di Padova, I-35131 Padova (Italy); and others

    2016-06-01

    The light response of two thin inorganic scintillators based on YAP:Ce and LaBr{sub 3}:Ce crystals has been measured with protons in the 4–8 MeV energy range at the Uppsala tandem accelerator and in the 8–26 MeV energy range at the Legnaro tandem accelerator. The crystals have been calibrated in situ with {sup 137}Cs and {sup 60}Co γ-ray sources. The relative light yields of protons with respect to gammas have been measured and are here reported to be (96±2)% and (80±2)% for YAP:Ce and LaBr{sub 3}:Ce, respectively. The results open up to the development of a Telescope Proton Recoil spectrometer based on either of the two crystals as alternative to a silicon based spectrometer for applications to high neutron fluxes.

  8. CO2 and Nd:YAP laser interaction with lithium disilicate and Zirconia dental ceramics: A preliminary study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rocca, Jean-Paul; Fornaini, Carlo; Brulat-Bouchard, Nathalie; Bassel Seif, Samy; Darque-Ceretti, Evelyne

    2014-04-01

    Lithium disilicate and Zirconia ceramics offer a high level of accuracy when used in prosthetic dentistry. Their bonding using different resins is highly dependent on micro-mechanical interlocking and adhesive chemical bonding. Investigation of the performances of high strength ceramics when their surface is modified for chemical and mechanical bonding is then required. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of using laser for surface treatment of different high strength CAD/CAM ceramics and thus to improve their mechanical and chemical properties. Thirty two CAD/CAM ceramic discs were divided into two different groups: lithium disilicate ceramics (IPS e.max CAD®, Ivoclar, Vivadent, Italy) and Zirconia ceramics (IPS e.max ZirCAD®, Ivoclar, Vivadent, Italy). The Laser surface treatment was performed by Carbon Dioxide laser (Dream Pulse Laser®, Daeshin Enterprise Corp., Korea) at 20 W, 25 W and 30 W CW and by Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite laser (Nd:YAP Lokki®, Lobel Medical, France) at 10 W and 30 Hz. Physical modifications of the irradiated ceramic discs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemically analyzed by Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Surface wettability was tested using the water drop test and the crystalline structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The macroscopic observation showed a shinier structure in all the groups, while at the SEM observation only CO2 25 W and 30 W treated groups showed cracks and fissures. In the conditions of this study, CO2 laser and Nd:YAP laser with the parameters used create chemical and physical surface modifications of the ceramics, indicating the possibility of an improvement in adhesion of the tested ceramics.

  9. Overview of Zika infection, epidemiology, transmission and control measures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali A. Rabaan

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The current Zika virus outbreak in the Americas and the proposed link to increases in microcephaly and neurological disorders have prompted the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016. The virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and potentially by transfusion, perinatal and sexual transmission. The potential for spread into countries where Aedes mosquitoes are endemic is high. Previously, cases tended to be sporadic and associated with mild, non-specific symptoms. Prior outbreaks occurred in Yap Island in Micronesia in 2007, the first time Zika arose outside of Africa and Asia, and in French Polynesia in 2013. A birth data review has confirmed that the latter outbreak was followed by an increase in microcephaly cases. A coordinated international response is needed to address mosquito control; expedite development of diagnostic tests, vaccines and specific treatments for Zika; and address the proposed link to microcephaly and neurological diseases. Keywords: ZIKV, Zika infection, Epidemiology, Transmission, Control measures, Diagnostic test

  10. Comparative study using Monte Carlo methods of the radiation detection efficiency of LSO, LuAP, GSO and YAP scintillators for use in positron emission imaging (PET)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios; Kandarakis, Ioannis; Tsantilas, Xenophon; Valais, Ioannis; Cavouras, Dionisios; Louizi, Anna

    2006-01-01

    The radiation detection efficiency of four scintillators employed, or designed to be employed, in positron emission imaging (PET) was evaluated as a function of the crystal thickness by applying Monte Carlo Methods. The scintillators studied were the LuSiO 5 (LSO), LuAlO 3 (LuAP), Gd 2 SiO 5 (GSO) and the YAlO 3 (YAP). Crystal thicknesses ranged from 0 to 50 mm. The study was performed via a previously generated photon transport Monte Carlo code. All photon track and energy histories were recorded and the energy transferred or absorbed in the scintillator medium was calculated together with the energy redistributed and retransported as secondary characteristic fluorescence radiation. Various parameters were calculated e.g. the fraction of the incident photon energy absorbed, transmitted or redistributed as fluorescence radiation, the scatter to primary ratio, the photon and energy distribution within each scintillator block etc. As being most significant, the fraction of the incident photon energy absorbed was found to increase with increasing crystal thickness tending to form a plateau above the 30 mm thickness. For LSO, LuAP, GSO and YAP scintillators, respectively, this fraction had the value of 44.8, 36.9 and 45.7% at the 10 mm thickness and 96.4, 93.2 and 96.9% at the 50 mm thickness. Within the plateau area approximately (57-59)% (59-63)% (52-63)% and (58-61)% of this fraction was due to scattered and reabsorbed radiation for the LSO, GSO, YAP and LuAP scintillators, respectively. In all cases, a negligible fraction (<0.1%) of the absorbed energy was found to escape the crystal as fluorescence radiation

  11. Mapping of hazard from rainfall-triggered landslides in developing countries: Examples from Honduras and Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harp, E.L.; Reid, M.E.; McKenna, J.P.; Michael, J.A.

    2009-01-01

    Loss of life and property caused by landslides triggered by extreme rainfall events demonstrates the need for landslide-hazard assessment in developing countries where recovery from such events often exceeds the country's resources. Mapping landslide hazards in developing countries where the need for landslide-hazard mitigation is great but the resources are few is a challenging, but not intractable problem. The minimum requirements for constructing a physically based landslide-hazard map from a landslide-triggering storm, using the simple methods we discuss, are: (1) an accurate mapped landslide inventory, (2) a slope map derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) or topographic map, and (3) material strength properties of the slopes involved. Provided that the landslide distribution from a triggering event can be documented and mapped, it is often possible to glean enough topographic and geologic information from existing databases to produce a reliable map that depicts landslide hazards from an extreme event. Most areas of the world have enough topographic information to provide digital elevation models from which to construct slope maps. In the likely event that engineering properties of slope materials are not available, reasonable estimates can be made with detailed field examination by engineering geologists or geotechnical engineers. Resulting landslide hazard maps can be used as tools to guide relocation and redevelopment, or, more likely, temporary relocation efforts during severe storm events such as hurricanes/typhoons to minimize loss of life and property. We illustrate these methods in two case studies of lethal landslides in developing countries: Tegucigalpa, Honduras (during Hurricane Mitch in 1998) and the Chuuk Islands, Micronesia (during Typhoon Chata'an in 2002).

  12. The resistance of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide: involvement of cell wall integrity pathway and emerging role for YAP1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    de Morais Marcos A

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB is an antiseptic polymer that is mainly used for cleaning hospitals and pools and combating Acantamoeba infection. Its fungicide activity was recently shown by its lethal effect on yeasts that contaminate the industrial ethanol process, and on the PE-2 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the main fermenting yeasts in Brazil. This pointed to the need to know the molecular mechanism that lay behind the cell resistance to this compound. In this study, we examined the factors involved in PHMB-cell interaction and the mechanisms that respond to the damage caused by this interaction. To achieve this, two research strategies were employed: the expression of some genes by RT-qPCR and the analysis of mutant strains. Results Cell Wall integrity (CWI genes were induced in the PHMB-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JP-1, although they are poorly expressed in the PHMB-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE2 strain. This suggested that PHMB damages the glucan structure on the yeast cell wall. It was also confirmed by the observed sensitivity of the yeast deletion strains, Δslg1, Δrom2, Δmkk2, Δslt2, Δknr4, Δswi4 and Δswi4, which showed that the protein kinase C (PKC regulatory mechanism is involved in the response and resistance to PHMB. The sensitivity of the Δhog1 mutant was also observed. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay and gene expression analysis showed that the part played by YAP1 and CTT1 genes in cell resistance to PHMB is unrelated to oxidative stress response. Thus, we suggested that Yap1p can play a role in cell wall maintenance by controlling the expression of the CWI genes. Conclusion The PHMB treatment of the yeast cells activates the PKC1/Slt2 (CWI pathway. In addition, it is suggested that HOG1 and YAP1 can play a role in the regulation of CWI genes.

  13. Kırsal turizmin sosyo-ekonomik yapıya etkisi ve Fethiye örneği

    OpenAIRE

    Uçar, Metin; Uçar, Hatice; Kurnaz, Alper; Akyurt Kurnaz, Hande

    2012-01-01

    Son yıllarda insanların seyahat nedenlerinde çeşitlilikler yaşanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda alternatif turizm kavramı ile birlikte kırsal turizm kavramı ön plana çıkmıştır. Kırsal turizmin temeli kırsal yerleşimler ve doğal kaynaklardır. Kırsal turizmin doğal ve kültürel mirasın korunmasında önemli bir işlevi vardır. Türkiye kırsal turizmin gerçekleştirilebileceği birçok destinasyona sahiptir. Bu çalışmada kırsal turizm ve Fethiye’nin kırsal turizm olanaklarının sosyo-ekonomik yapıya etkisi araştır...

  14. Future wave and wind projections for United States and United-States-affiliated Pacific Islands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Storlazzi, Curt D.; Shope, James B.; Erikson, Li H.; Hegermiller, Christine A.; Barnard, Patrick L.

    2015-01-01

    throughout the study area during other seasons. Extreme wave directions in equatorial Micronesia during June-August undergo an approximate 30° clockwise rotation from primarily west to northwest. September-November RCP4.5 extreme mean wave directions rotate counterclockwise by approximately 30 to 45° in equatorial Micronesia; September-November RCP8.5 extreme mean wave directions within equatorial Micronesia rotate clockwise by approximately 20 to 30°. Extreme wind speeds decreased within both scenarios, with the largest decreases occurring in the September-November season. Extreme wind directions under RCP4.5 rotated clockwise by more than 60° in equatorial Micronesia during the September-November season and by approximately 30° during June-August. RCP8.5 extreme wind directions rotated counterclockwise during September-November within the same region by 30 to 50° and clockwise by 30 to 40° at one island. The spatial patterns and trends are similar between the two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, with the magnitude and extent of the trends generally greater for the higher (RCP8.5) scenario.

  15. Surface elevation change and susceptibility of different mangrove zones to sea-level rise on Pacific high islands of Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krauss, K.W.; Cahoon, D.R.; Allen, J.A.; Ewel, K.C.; Lynch, J.C.; Cormier, N.

    2010-01-01

    Mangroves on Pacific high islands offer a number of important ecosystem services to both natural ecological communities and human societies. High islands are subjected to constant erosion over geologic time, which establishes an important source of terrigeneous sediment for nearby marine communities. Many of these sediments are deposited in mangrove forests and offer mangroves a potentially important means for adjusting surface elevation with rising sea level. In this study, we investigated sedimentation and elevation dynamics of mangrove forests in three hydrogeomorphic settings on the islands of Kosrae and Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Surface accretion rates ranged from 2.9 to 20.8 mm y-1, and are high for naturally occurring mangroves. Although mangrove forests in Micronesian high islands appear to have a strong capacity to offset elevation losses by way of sedimentation, elevation change over 61/2 years ranged from -3.2 to 4.1 mm y-1, depending on the location. Mangrove surface elevation change also varied by hydrogeomorphic setting and river, and suggested differential, and not uniformly bleak, susceptibilities among Pacific high island mangroves to sea-level rise. Fringe, riverine, and interior settings registered elevation changes of -1.30, 0.46, and 1.56 mm y-1, respectively, with the greatest elevation deficit (-3.2 mm y-1) from a fringe zone on Pohnpei and the highest rate of elevation gain (4.1 mm y-1) from an interior zone on Kosrae. Relative to sea-level rise estimates for FSM (0.8-1.8 mm y-1) and assuming a consistent linear trend in these estimates, soil elevations in mangroves on Kosrae and Pohnpei are experiencing between an annual deficit of 4.95 mm and an annual surplus of 3.28 mm. Although natural disturbances are important in mediating elevation gain in some situations, constant allochthonous sediment deposition probably matters most on these Pacific high islands, and is especially helpful in certain hydrogeomorphic zones

  16. One year after the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil: from hypotheses to evidence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito

    Full Text Available Abstract Zika virusis an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family with two major strains, an Asian and an African strain. The main vectors involved in the transmission of Zika virus are the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Despite its identification, discovered in 1947 in the Zika forest in Uganda, only isolated and sporadic occurrences of human infection were reported within a largely asymptomatic proportion of individuals. The first reported outbreak occurred in 2007 in the Yap Island, which belongs to the Federated States of Micronesia in the Pacific Ocean, and in French Polynesia, where high attack rates occurred and the first cases of associated Guillain-Barré syndrome were reported. From November 2014 to early 2015, the Northeast states of Brazil reported the first outbreaks of Zika virus infection, with laboratory confirmation of Zika virus circulation in April 2015. In the second quarter of 2015, the association between Zika virus infection and neurological symptoms was confirmed in adults. Moreover, in October 2015 a novel suspicion was raised based on clinical and epidemiological observations: that an association between Zika virus infection and neonatal microcephaly may exist. A year after the first reports on Zika virus in Brazil, many hypotheses and much evidence on the patterns of involvement of the disease and its complications have been produced, both in this country and others; other hypotheses still need to be clarified. This review is a synthesis of a new chapter in the history of medicine; it outlines the main results produced.

  17. FOREIGN RELATIONS: Migration From Micronesian Nations Has Had Significant Impact on Guam, Hawaii, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    2001-01-01

    ... to live and work in the United States. One of these Compacts was enacted in 1986 with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, while the second Compact was implemented in 1994 with the Republic of Palau...

  18. Yoğurt Yapımında Saf Kültürün Kullanımı

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sevda Kılıç

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Yoğurt, sütün L. bulgaricus ve S. thermophilus bakterilerini belirli oranlarda içeren kültürle aşılanması sonucu elde edilen bir süt mamülüdür. Yoğurt teknolojisinde yaklaşık 70 yıldır kültür kullanılmaktadır. Kültürün hazırlanmasında yararlanılan bakteriler, belirli özellikleri dikkate alınarak seçilmektedir. Daha sonra yağsız süt tozundan hazırlanan süte aşılanarak 42-44 oC’de inkübasyona bırakılmakta ve pH 4.7 olduğunda inkübasyona son verilerek çoğaltımı ve aktifleşmeleri sağlanmaktadır. Günümüzde diğer ülkelerde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de kültür kullanımı gıda maddeleri tüzüğünün 51. maddesine göre zorunlu tutulmaktadır. Ancak buna rağmen kültür, tam anlamıyla bilinmemekte veya bilinçli olarak kullanılmamaktadır. Yoğurt teknolojisinde kültür, kullanımı ile daha kaliteli yoğurt yapılmaktadır. Uzun süre tat, aroma ve yapısı bozulmadan saklanabilmekte, raf ömrü uzamaktadır. Normal sertlikte olan yoğurtta asitlik istenilen düzeyde olduğu için su salmada görülmez.

  19. Bâbürnâme'deki Bazı Cümle Yapıları Üzerine Some Sentences Structure In Bâbürnâme

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adnan Rüştü KARABEYOĞLU

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Diachronic and analytical studies of the historical syntax of Turkic languages, in referring to the subject matter of sentences, attempt to reveal the structures, properties and characteristics of Turkic sentence types and consider various aspects of them. These works, which analyse sentences in historical Turkic languages, generally deal with structure, subordinate clause types and characteristics. They also focus on the relationship between the main and subordinate clause, analysing the syntactical and semantical relationship -in Old Turkic, Medieval Turkic, Old Anatolian Turkish and Çağatay Turkic- by way of clause conjunctions: ammâ, bâvücûd, çü,çün, çün kim, egerçi, gerçi, herçi, her neçe, ne, neçük, neçükin, neçete,neçete kim, neteg, kaçan, kaçan kim, kaltı, kim, ki, takı tâ, tâ ki, vâkıa,vaktâ ki, vakt-î, velî, zîrâ etc.In this paper, we attempt to analyse some of the compoundsentence structures, clause conjunctions (egerçi-velî, bâvücûd, her néçe,néçük (kim and adversative clause types of Bâbürnâme, which is theprominent exemplar of Çağatay Turkic prose. This paper aims tocontribute to the body of works that have studied the historical syntaxof Turkic languages and also Bâbür’s style. Türkçenin tarihî söz dizimi üzerine yapılan art zamanlı incelemelerde cümle bahsi çeşitli yönleriyle ele alınır ve Türkçenin sahip olduğu cümle yapıları ve özellikleri ortaya konmaya çalışılır. Cümle bahsi ile ilgili yapılan bu çalışmaların ise genellikle birleşik cümle yapıları, yardımcı cümle türleri ve özellikleri ile baş ve yardımcı cümleler arasındaki ilişkiler üzerine odaklandığı ve bu suretle cümle yapılarının tahlili üzerinde durulduğu görülür. Türkçenin tarihî söz dizimi ile ilgili bu çalışmalarda az önce zikredilen hususlar yanında ayrıca baş ve yardımcı cümle türleri arasındaki söz dizimi ve aynı zamanda

  20. Use of a YAP:Ce matrix coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier for high resolution positron emission tomography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Del Guerra, A.; Zavattini, G.; Notaristefani, F. de; Giganti, M.; Piffanelli, A.; Pani, R.; Turra, A.

    1996-01-01

    A new scintillation detector system has been designed for application in high resolution Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The detector is a bundle of small YAlO 3 :Ce (YAP) crystals closely packed (0.2 x 0.2 x 3.0 cm 3 ), coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT). The preliminary results obtained for spatial resolution, time resolution, energy resolution and efficiency of two such detectors working in coincidence are presented. These are 1.2 mm for the FWHM spatial resolution, 2.0 ns for the FWHM time resolution and 20% for the FWHM energy resolution at 511 keV. The measured efficiency is (44 ± 3)% with a 150 keV threshold and (20 ± 2)% with a 300 keV threshold

  1. Evaluation of the performance of a Ho: Sc2SiO5 laser pumped by a Tm:YAP laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xiao-tao; Xie, Wen-qiang; Li, Wen-hui; Li, Xue-min

    2016-05-01

    A continuous-wave 0.5 % Ho3+-doped Ho:Sc2SiO5 (Ho:SSO) laser output at 2112 nm pumped by a Tm:YAP laser is reported. The Ho:SSO bulk crystal was grown by the Czochralski technique. A maximum laser power of 3.72 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 32.9%, when the transmittance of output mirror was 30%. In this experiment, two output mirrors with different transmittance were also researched. The output spectra of Ho:SSO laser with different output mirrors are also given. The M 2 factor is found to be 1.29. In addition, the absorption and emission spectra are given in this paper.

  2. Evaluation of the performance of a Ho: Sc2SiO5 laser pumped by a Tm:YAP laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Xiao-tao; Xie, Wen-qiang; Li, Wen-hui; Li, Xue-min

    2016-01-01

    A continuous-wave 0.5 % Ho 3+ -doped Ho:Sc 2 SiO 5 (Ho:SSO) laser output at 2112 nm pumped by a Tm:YAP laser is reported. The Ho:SSO bulk crystal was grown by the Czochralski technique. A maximum laser power of 3.72 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 32.9%, when the transmittance of output mirror was 30%. In this experiment, two output mirrors with different transmittance were also researched. The output spectra of Ho:SSO laser with different output mirrors are also given. The M 2 factor is found to be 1.29. In addition, the absorption and emission spectra are given in this paper. (paper)

  3. CT with a CMOS flat panel detector integrated on the YAP-(S)PET scanner for in vivo small animal imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Di Domenico, Giovanni; Cesca, Nicola; Zavattini, Guido; Auricchio, Natalia; Gambaccini, Mauro

    2007-01-01

    Several research groups are pursuing multimodality simultaneous functional and morphological imaging. In this line of research the high resolution YAP-(S)PET small animal integrated PET-SPECT imaging system, constructed by our group of medical physics at the University of Ferrara, is being upgraded with a computed tomography (CT). In this way it will be possible to perform in vivo molecular and genomic imaging studies on small animals (such as mice and rats) and at the same time obtain morphological information necessary for both attenuation correction and accurate localization of the region under investigation. We have take simultaneous PET-CT and SPECT-CT images of phantoms obtained with a single scanner

  4. THE EFFECT OF GREEK AND ARMENIAN IMMIGRATION MOVEMENT TO BASE ON NATION STATE IN TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM ETHNO – CULTURAL STRUCTURE OF OTTOMAN PROVINCES IN 1897 ERMENİ VE RUM GÖÇÜNÜN TÜRKİYE’DE ULUS DEVLETİN OLUŞUMUNA ETKİSİ:1897 YILINDA OSMANLI VİLAYET VE SANCAKLARINDAKİ ETNO-KÜLTÜREL YAPIDAN ÇIKARIMLAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Murat ÇİFTÇİ

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The Ottoman Empire was a state that she had a cosmopolitan cultural structure in which many ethnic groups lived together like those in other empires. However, this structure was not valid for every part of the Empire. Statistical Applications show that 1/7 of population lived in the places where had a cosmopolitan ethno – cultural structure and 1/3 population lived in the places where had dual ethno – cultural structure, and 5/3 of the population lived in the places where had mono ethno - cultural structure. Nevertheless, the statistical analyses indicate that this ethnic composition did not have a connection with economic development in places where were in the outside of Istanbul. In the other words, ethno – cultural structure shaped with historical process and settlement policies rather than with economy. Furthermore, that the cities located in the borders of today’s Turkish Republic had heavily mono and had partly dual dominant ethno cultural structure made the constitution of nation-state easy. By means of this mono-ethnic estate, the appropriation of the principle of secularism and the use of Turkish as educational language sufficed to achieve national structure. Osmanlı imparatorluğu, diğer imparatorluklar gibi çok sayıda etnik cemaatin bir arada yaşadığı kozmopolitan etno-kültürel yapıya sahip bir devletti. Ancak bu yapı, imparatorluğun her yeri için geçerli değildi. Yapılan istatistiksel uygulamalar göstermektedir ki nüfusun yedide biri kozmopolitan etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde, üçte biri ikili etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde, beşte üçü ise mono etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde yaşıyordu. Yine yapılan istatistiksel uygulamalar göstermektedir ki, bu etnik kompozisyonun, İstanbul dışındaki yerlerde iktisadi kalkınma ile bağlantısı yoktu. Diğer bir deyişle etno – kültürel yapı, ekonomiyle değil tarihsel süreçle ve yerleşim politikalarıyla şekillenmişti. Ayr

  5. Foreign Assistance U.S. Funds to Two Micronesian Nations Had Little Impact on Economic Development and Accountability Over Funds Was Limited

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Westin, Susan

    2000-01-01

    ..., to the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. In 1986, the U.S. government entered into an international agreement, the Compact of Free Association, with each nation...

  6. 78 FR 61366 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Public...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-10-03

    ... Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall... collection of information; to search data sources; to complete and review the collection of information; and...

  7. 24 CFR 594.3 - Definitions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... unit as the unit of general local government. Unit of general local government means a city, town, township, county, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State; an urban county; the Federated States of Micronesia; the Marshall Islands; or a general purpose political...

  8. 78 FR 45931 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Public Comment Request

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-07-30

    ..., the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia... train personnel and to be able to respond to a collection of information; to search data sources; to...

  9. 78 FR 67368 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Public...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-11-12

    ... Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, or the Republic of Palau. Burden... train personnel and to be able to respond to a collection of information; to search data sources; to...

  10. 78 FR 61368 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Public...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-10-03

    ... Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, or the Republic of Palau. Burden... train personnel and to be able to respond to a collection of information; to search data sources; to...

  11. Kurutun Yapılışı ve Bileşimi Üzerine bir Araştırma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nurhan Akyüz

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmada Trabzon ve Erzurum piyasasından şansa bağlı olarak alınan 13 adet kurut örneği üzerinde mikrobiyolojik, fiziksel ve kimyasal araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Belirlenen değerler ortalama olarak şöyledir: Toplam mikroorganizma 8.41x103/g, maya ve küf 5.005x103; kurumadde, %79.69, yağ %10.58, yağsız kurumadde %69.12, bütün kül %10.66, protein %52.89, saf kül %1.40, tuz %9.66, kurumaddede tuz %12.60, kurumaddede yağ %13.05, asitlik derecesi 59.75 SH.

  12. Performance of continuous wave and acousto-optically Q-switched Tm, Ho: YAP laser pumped by diode laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Guoxing; Xie, Wenqiang; Yang, Xining; Zhang, Ziqiu; Zhang, Hongda; Zhang, Liang

    2018-02-01

    A two-end-pumped a-cut Tm(0.5%), Ho(0.5%):YAP laser output at 2119nm is reported under cryogenic temperature. The maximum output power reached to 7.76W with the incident pump power of 24.2W in CW mode. With the acousto-optically Q-switch, an average power of 7.3W can be obtained, when the pulse repetition frequency was 7.5 kHz. The corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was 30.2% and the slope efficiency was 31.4%. Then, the laser output characteristics in the repetition frequency of 7.5 kHz and 10kHz were researched. The output power, the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency and slope efficiency were increased with the increase of the repetition frequency. In the same repetition frequency, the pulse duration was decreasing with the growth of the incident pump power.

  13. Ekmek Yapımda Likit Ferment Sisteminin Mekanizasyonu Üzerine Bir Araştırma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Kürşat Demir

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmada Türk tipi ekmek üretiminde, modifiye likit ferment sistemini kullanarak, daha yüksek maya performansı ile daha ucuz, doğal ve daha kaliteli ekmek üretimi araştırılmış, bu amaçla geliştirilen metodun standardizasyonu ve mekanizasyonu üzerine çalışılmıştır. Denemelerde maya gıdası (DAHP+ MgSO4 yerine, doğal azot kaynağı olarak buğday ruşeymi, aktif soya unu ve yüksek randımanlı un (tip 850 kullanımları araştırılmıştır. Laboratuvar (1 lt. ve ticari ölçekte (1000 lt. fermentörlerde, % 1 maya inokülasyonu ile üretilen likit fermentlerden yapılan ekmekler, % 3 yaş maya ile direkt usulde üretilen ekmeklere göre eşdeğerde ekmek dış özellikleri ve daha üstün ekmek içi özellikleri sağlayarak, maya kullanımında tasarruf sağlanmıştır. Maya gıdası (DAHP + MgSO4 yerine, doğal azot kaynağı olarak ferment ununa % 5'lik buğday ruşeymi veya aktif soya unu ikamesi, özellikle laboratuvar tipi ekmeklerde, maya gıda katkısına eşdeğerde kalite göstermiştir. Performans olarak, buğday ruşeymi katkısı hacim ve simetri ile ekmek içi tekstürü ve parlaklığında, aktif soya unu ise ekmek hacmi ve verimi ile ekmek içi beyazlığında diğerlerine göre, ticari şartlarda daha iyi olmak üzere yüksek performans göstermiştir (p<0.05. Ticari şartlarda yapılan ekmekler, laboratuvar şartlarına göre, özellikle hacim bakımından performans kaybına uğramış, ancak maya gıdası ilavesi ile giderilebilmiştir.

  14. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE: U.S. Funds to Two Micronesian Nations Had Little Impact on Economic Development

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    2000-01-01

    This report responds to your request that we report on (1) the use of Compact of Free Association funding by the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands between fiscal years 1987 and 1998, (2...

  15. Sustainability of rainwater catchment systems for small island communities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bailey, Ryan T.; Beikmann, Alise; Kottermair, Maria; Taboroši, Danko; Jenson, John W.

    2018-02-01

    Communities living on atolls and similar low-lying islands in the tropical Pacific rely on rainwater and shallow groundwater to meet domestic water needs. Rainwater, generally captured and stored using rooftop rainwater catchment systems, is the preferred water source due to higher quality and convenience of access. This study assesses the performance of rainwater catchment systems (RWCS) on Ifalik Atoll, located in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia in the western Pacific. A field survey was conducted in August 2015 to evaluate RWCS features (guttered roof area, storage tank size, gutter leakage conditions), determine numbers of users, and estimate daily water use via household surveys. All 152 RWCS were surveyed. Water balance modeling was applied to the RWCS to estimate end-of-day stored rainwater volumes for each day of the 1997-1999 time period, during which an El Niño-induced drought occurred. Results indicate that the community is resilient to drought, although the majority of RWCS were depleted of rainwater and hence community sharing was required. Scenario testing indicates that increasing guttered roof area is the optimal strategy for enhancing system reliability. For example, the volume of water maintained at the peak of a drought can be tripled if the available roof areas for the RWCS are guttered. Design curves, which provide a set of roof area - tank volume combinations that achieve specified levels of reliability, were created and can be used to plan new RWCS. Besides offering insights into community-wide water storage and usage patterns and resiliency for Ifalik Atoll, this study presents methods that can be applied to other atoll island communities throughout the Indo-Pacific region.

  16. 15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 745 - States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION... Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kiribati Kenya... Mauritania Mexico Micronesia Moldova (Republic of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Namibia...

  17. Yazma Eğitimi Alanında Yapılan Akademik Çalışmaların Eğilimleri (2010 - 2014 Yılları

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mehmet TOK

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Yazma becerisinin birçok bilişsel işlemleri içerisinde barındırması, süreç içermesi, öğrencinin psikolojik durumu, motivasyon ve tutumu, öğretmenlerin yazma alanındaki konumu vb. unsurlar yazma alanında birçok sorunun yaşanmasını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle, alan yazında yer alan birçok çalışmada, yazma sorunları doğrudan ele alınmış ya da sıkça bu sorunlara değinilmiştir. Yazma alanındaki sorunların çok olması, alanda yapılan çalışmaların önemini bir kat daha arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yazma eğitimi konusunda 2010-2014 yılları arasında yapılan 126 yüksek lisans, 38 doktora tezinin yanı sıra düzenli bir şekilde yayınlanan 16 ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel dergide yer alan 127 makale taranmıştır. Ele alınan akademik çalışmalar; hedef kitle, ilişkili olduğu alan, kullanılan yöntem ve yazma eğitimindeki eğilimleri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada meta-analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalarda hedef kitle bakımından en fazla ortaokul öğrencilerinin seçildiği, yazmanın daha çok okuma ve ilk okuma ile ilişkilendirilerek ele alındığı, yöntem olarak nicel araştırmaların (f=152 nitel araştırmalardan (f=114 daha çok tercih edildiği görülmüştür. En çok kullanılan yöntem tarama modeli olurken doktora tezlerinde deneysel çalışmalar ön plana çıkmıştır. Yazma araştırmaları incelendiğinde araştırmacı eğilimlerinin, yazma yöntemleri ve farklı türlerde metin yazmaya yönelik olduğu görülmüştür.

  18. Health Security Intelligence: Assessing the Nascent Public Health Capability

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-01

    States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands , and Republic of Palau) (CDC— PHPR—Funding, Guidance, and Technical Assistance to States...and eight U.S. territories and freely associated states (American Samoa, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands , Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico, Federated...planning for the aerosolized release of the toxin ricin near state and federal government facilities (Jaslow, 2011). A recent report by the Aspen

  19. Spin-polarized 3He nuclear targets and metastable 4He atoms by optical pumping with a tunable, Nd:YAP laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bohler, C.L.; Schearer, L.D.; Leduc, M.; Nacher, P.J.; Zachorowski, L.; Milner, R.G.; McKeown, R.D.; Woodward, C.E.

    1988-01-01

    Several Nd:YAP lasers were constructed which could be broadly tuned in the 1083-nm region which includes the helium 2 3 S-2 3 P transition, using a Lyot filter and thin, uncoated etalons within the laser cavity. 1 W of power could be extracted at 1083 nm through a 1% transmitting output coupler. This laser beam was used to optically pump metastable 4 He and 3 He 2 3 S helium atoms in a weak discharge cell, spin polarizing the metastable ensemble. In a 3 He cell the polarization is transferred to the nuclear spin system. A 3 He target cell at 0.3 Torr was polarized to 52% in a few minutes. We describe the application of this system to the design of polarized targets for experiments in nuclear physics

  20. Alabalık İşletmelerinin Ekonomik Yapısı ve Sorunları: Fethiye İlçesi Örneği

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hicran Ekmekci

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada Fethiye ilçesinde alabalık işletmelerinin ekonomik yapısı ve sorunları incelenmiştir. Fethiye ilçesinde kültür balıkçılığı yapan işletmelerde girdilerin belirlenmesi, ekonomik durumlarının ortaya koyulması, pazar durumlarının araştırılması ve sorunlarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca karşılaşılan sorunlara çözüm olanakları getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Fethiye ilçesinde 17 alabalık işletmesi ile görüşülmüştür. İlçede yer alan 17 işletmeden yüz yüze görüşme usulüyle anket yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde MS Excel, SPSS programı kullanılmıştır. Üretim yapan işletmelerin %52,9’u dağ eteğinde, %35,3’ü açık arazide ve %11,8’i vadi arasında kurulmuştur. İşletmelerin %58,8’i şahıs işletmesi, %17,6’sı basit ortaklık ve %23,5’i ise ticari ortaklık şeklindedir. Aktif sermaye içerisinde en fazla payı %70,3 oranı ile işletme sermayesi oluşturmaktadır. Çiftlik sermayesinin payı ise %29,7’dir. Pasif sermaye içinde öz sermayenin payı %93,9 olup, yabancı sermaye kullanımı düşüktür (%6,1. Maliyetler içerisinde değişen masrafın payı %83,6’dır. Sabit masraf ise %16,4 paya sahiptir. Üretimle ilgili sorunların başında yem maliyetlerinin yüksekliği gelmektedir. Yem masrafları toplam işletme masraflarının %63,4’ünü oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üreticilere teknik bilgi anlamında destek verilmeli, yöre halkının ve tüketicilerin bilinçlendirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

  1. Overview of Zika virus (ZIKV infection in regards to the Brazilian epidemic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S.N. Slavov

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Zika virus (ZIKV, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, belongs to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. ZIKV was initially isolated in 1947 from a sentinel monkey in the Zika forest, Uganda. Little clinical importance was attributed to ZIKV, once only few symptomatic cases were reported in some African and Southeast Asiatic countries. This situation changed in 2007, when a large outbreak was registered on the Yap Island, Micronesia, caused by the Asian ZIKV lineage. Between 2013 and 2014, ZIKV spread explosively and caused many outbreaks in different islands of the Southern Pacific Ocean and in 2015 autochthonous transmission was reported in Brazil. Currently, Brazil is the country with the highest number of ZIKV-positive cases in Latin America. Moreover, for the first time after the discovery of ZIKV, the Brazilian scientists are studying the possibility for the virus to cause severe congenital infection related to microcephaly and serious birth defects due to the time-spatial coincidence of the alarming increase of newborns with microcephaly and the Brazilian ZIKV epidemic. The present review summarizes recent information for ZIKV epidemiology, clinical picture, transmission, diagnosis and the consequences of this emerging virus in Brazil.

  2. Disruption of adherens junction and alterations in YAP-related proliferation behavior as part of the underlying cell transformation process of alcohol-induced oral carcinogenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Husari, Ayman; Hülter-Hassler, Diana; Steinberg, Thorsten; Schulz, Simon Daniel; Tomakidi, Pascal

    2018-01-01

    Accumulating evidences indicate that alcohol might play a causative in oral cancer. Unfortunately, in vitro cell systems, uncovering the molecular background of the underlying cell transformation process, are rare. Therefore, this study was conducted, to identify molecular changes and characterize their putative cell behavioral consequences in epitheloid (EPI) and fibroblastoid (FIB) oral keratinocyte phenotypes, arising from chronical alcohol treatment. Concerning adherens junctions (AJs), both EPI and FIB showed membrane-bound β-catenin, but exhibited differences for E-cadherin and zyxin. While EPI revealed E-cadherin/β-catenin membrane co-localization, which in parts also applied for zyxin, FIB membranes were devoid of E-cadherin and exhibited marginal zyxin expression. Fetal calf serum (FCS) administration in starved cells promoted proliferation in both keratinocyte phenotypes, whereat EPI and FIB yielded a strikingly modified FCS sensitivity on the temporal scale. Impedance measurement-based cell index detection yielded proliferation stimulation occurring much earlier in FIB (45h). Nuclear preference of the proliferation-associated YAP co-transcription factor in FIB was FCS independent, while it required FCS in EPI. Taken together, the lack of membrane-inherent E-cadherin/β-catenin co-localization together with low zyxin - reveals perturbation of AJ integrity in FIB. Regarding cell behavior, perturbed AJs in FIB correlate with temporal proliferation sensitivity towards FCS. CYF of 5.6 strongly suggests involvement of chromatin-bound YAP in FIB's proliferation temperosensitivity. These molecular differences detected for EPI and FIB are part of the underlying cell transformation process of alcohol-induced oral carcinogenesis, and indicate FIB being in a more advanced transformation stage. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Düzce İlinde Arıcılığın Yapısı ve Arıcılık Faaliyetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meral KEKEÇOĞLU

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Düzce ili zengin florası ve eşsiz arı ekotipi nedeniyle büyük bir arıcılık potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışma Düzce ilinde arıcılığın genel yapısını ve arıcılık faaliyetlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 412 arıcıya ulaşılmıştır. Yüz yüze yapılan görüşmeler ve anket çalışması ile mevcut durum ortaya konulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ankete katılan arıcıların yaş ortalamasının 50 olduğu, % 73,10’unun ilköğretim, % 14,10’unun lise mezunu, % 20,90’ının ana gelir kaynağı olarak arıcılık yaptığı; % 59,20’sinin Arı Yetiştiricileri Birliği’ne, % 24,50’sinin Bal Üreticileri Birliği’ne üye olduğu; % 61,50’sinin yerel bölge arısını, % 34,70’inin de Kafkas arı ırkını kullandıkları; % 46,80’inin gezginci arıcılık yaptığı, tercih edilen bitki çeşitliliğinin sırasıyla ayçiçeği (% 62,96 kestane (% 54,32 kır çiçekleri (% 22,22, kanola (% 11,73 ve ormangülü (% 11,73 olduğu, kovan başına verimin 2010 ve 2011 yıllarına göre sırasıyla 9 ve 8 kg arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. En fazla süzme bal üretimi yapılmakta bunu polen ve propolis takip etmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Düzce arıcılığının genel yapısı ve arıcılık problemleri tespit edilmiş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur

  4. 10 CFR 810.8 - Activities requiring specific authorization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ...* Kyrgyzstan* Laos* Liberia* Libya Macedonia Mali* Marshall Islands* Mauritania* Micronesia* Moldova* Mongolia... special nuclear material in any of the following countries. Countries marked with an asterisk (*) are non-nuclear-weapon states that do not have full-scope IAEA safeguards agreements in force. Afghanistan Albania...

  5. Karasu (Sakarya Bölgesi Deniz Balıkçılarının Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapısı.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Selçuk Uzmanoğlu

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Sakarya ili Karasu ilçesi deniz balıkçılarının sosyo-ekonomik yapısı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla hazırlanan anket formları Temmuz 2004-Temmuz 2005 tarihleri arasında toplam dört kez bölgeye gidilerek uygulanmıştır. Karasu ilçesinde, deniz balıkçılığı yapan, Sakarya Tarım İl Müdürlüğü’ne kayıtlı 143 adet balıkçı teknesi mevcuttur. 36 balıkçı teknesi trol ve gırgır, 107 tekne ise 11.00 m den ufak diğer sınıfına ait ruhsata sahiptir. Balıkçıların yaş dağılımları, eğitim durumları, medeni durumları, eşlerinin eğitim ve iş durumu, çocukların eğitim durumları, avlanmanın hangi dönemlerde yapıldığı, toplam av günü sayısı, av sahasının limana olan uzaklığı, avlanan su ürünleri türleri, balıkçı teknelerinin özellikleri ve kullanılan av araçları incelenmiştir. Balıkçı teknelerinin boyu maksimum 22.00 m ve minimum 6.50 m, tekne yaşı maksimum 45 yıl ve minimum 2 yıl, avlanma süresi maksimum 240 gün ve minimum 30 gün olduğu; palamut, lüfer, barbunya, tekir, mezgit, istavrit, kalkan, kefal, tirsi, köpek balığı, vatoz, kum midyesi ve deniz salyangozunun ağırlıklı olarak avlandığı belirlenmiştir

  6. Wnt, RSPO and Hippo Signalling in the Intestine and Intestinal Stem Cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kriz, Vitezslav; Korinek, Vladimir

    2018-01-08

    In this review, we address aspects of Wnt, R-Spondin (RSPO) and Hippo signalling, in both healthy and transformed intestinal epithelium. In intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the Wnt pathway is essential for intestinal crypt formation and renewal, whereas RSPO-mediated signalling mainly affects ISC numbers. In human colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is the driving mechanism initiating this type of neoplasia. The signalling role of the RSPO-binding transmembrane proteins, the leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs), is possibly more pleiotropic and not only limited to the enhancement of Wnt signalling. There is growing evidence for multiple crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt/β-catenin signalling. In the ON state, Hippo signalling results in serine/threonine phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (YAP1) and tafazzin (TAZ), promoting formation of the β-catenin destruction complex. In contrast, YAP1 or TAZ dephosphorylation (and YAP1 methylation) results in β-catenin destruction complex deactivation and β-catenin nuclear localization. In the Hippo OFF state, YAP1 and TAZ are engaged with the nuclear β-catenin and participate in the β-catenin-dependent transcription program. Interestingly, YAP1/TAZ are dispensable for intestinal homeostasis; however, upon Wnt pathway hyperactivation, the proteins together with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors drive the transcriptional program essential for intestinal cell transformation. In addition, in many CRC cells, YAP1 phosphorylation by YES proto-oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase (YES1) leads to the formation of a transcriptional complex that includes YAP1, β-catenin and T-box 5 (TBX5) DNA-binding protein. YAP1/β-catenin/T-box 5-mediated transcription is necessary for CRC cell proliferation and survival. Interestingly, dishevelled (DVL) appears to be an important mediator involved in both Wnt and Hippo (YAP1/TAZ) signalling and some of the DVL functions were assigned to the nuclear DVL

  7. Availability, usage, and threats to freshwater resources on low carbonate islands in Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taboroši, Danko; Jenson, John W.; Sánchez Collazo, Maricruz; Zega, Mojca

    2010-05-01

    Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is an insular nation in the western Pacific. It consists of 4 high volcanic islands and 37 low carbonate units, mostly coral atolls. The high islands are relatively large, and are developing socioeconomic centers of the country, whereas low islands are small and remote outposts of traditional subsistence lifestyle. The latter are inhabited by a fifth of the nation's population of 107,000 people. Total land area of a typical low island is a fraction of a km2, yet may be home to hundreds of people, creating some of the highest population densities in the Pacific. The resultant extreme pressures on natural resources are exacerbated by severe weather hazards, especially typhoons and unusually high tides which have recently flooded some islands in entirety, damaging homes and food sources. Freshwater resources are particularly sensitive. Crowded low islands have some of the world's most unfavorable relationships between population density and freshwater availability. As there are no communal or municipal facilities and government operated infrastructure, people have only two sources of water available for consumption: rainwater and groundwater. Rain is captured by individual households' thatch or corrugated iron roofs and transferred by gutters to concrete or fiberglass tanks. It is used for drinking, cooking, and dishwashing, and depending on availability, for laundry and showering. Such arrangement are highly unreliable, because they depend on sufficient rainfall and islanders' ability to capture and store it. Some communities have actually run out of water in the past, as a result of prolonged droughts or typhoons' damage to the catchment systems. In addition, tropical climate and pervasive organic matter and microorganisms make the tanks' maintenance difficult, because even most conscientious cleaning cannot ensure that stored water remains potable. Stomach problems and more serious health complications are common. Groundwater

  8. Epidemiologic update on the dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region, 2011.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arima, Yuzo; Edelstein, Zoe Rebecca; Han, Hwi Kwang; Matsui, Tamano

    2013-01-01

    Dengue is an emerging vectorborne infectious disease that is a major public health concern in the Asia and the Pacific. Official dengue surveillance data for 2011 provided by ministries of health were summarized as part of routine activities of the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Based on officially reported surveillance data, dengue continued to show sustained activity in the Western Pacific Region. In 2011, Member States reported a total of 244,855 cases of which 839 died for a case fatality rate of 0.34%. More than 1000 cases were reported each from Cambodia, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Marshall Islands, Singapore and Viet Nam. Cambodia, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands reported higher activity relative to 2010. There continues to be great variability among the dengue-endemic countries and areas in the Region in the number of cases and serotype distribution. The continued high notification rate and complex dengue epidemiology in the Region highlight the need for information-sharing on a routine and timely basis.

  9. Epidemiologic update on the dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region, 2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tamano Matsui

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Dengue is an emerging vectorborne infectious disease that is a major public health concern in Asia and the Pacific. Official dengue surveillance data for 2011 provided by ministries of health were summarized as part of routine activities of the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Based on officially reported surveillance data, dengue continued to show sustained activity in the Western Pacific Region. In 2011, Member States reported a total of 244 855 cases of which 839 died. More than 1000 cases were reported each from Cambodia, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Marshall Islands, Singapore and Viet Nam. Cambodia, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands reported more cases relative to 2010. There continues to be great variability among the dengue-endemic countries and areas in the Region in the number of cases and serotype distribution. The continued high notification rate and complex dengue epidemiology in the Region highlight the need for information-sharing on a routine and timely basis.

  10. Mathematics and culture in Micronesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. J. (Sandy Dawson

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Wheatley and Frieze‟s book, Walk Out Walk On, provides the conceptual framework for an examination of Project MACIMISE, a National Science Foundation funded project that focused on the languages and cultural practices of nine Pacific islands and the state of Hawai„i. MACIMISE, pronounced as if spelled „maximize‟, is a 5-year Project. The Project‟s task is the development of elementary school mathematics curriculum units sensitive to local mathematical thought and experience. There were twenty-one participants (who call themselves the Macimisers in the Project. The participants were educated in ethnographic and anthropological research strategies to enable them to retrieve/uncover cultural practices extant in the communities where they lived. This academics work was accomplished partially via distance learning when the participants were registered in advanced degree programs at the University of Hawai„i—Mānoa. In this paper, the Project is analyzed in terms of the concepts (scaling across, start anywhere—follow it everywhere, intervention to friendship, the art of hosting and the use of circle advanced by Wheatley and Frieze.

  11. Deteriorated stress response in stationary-phase yeast: Sir2 and Yap1 are essential for Hsf1 activation by heat shock and oxidative stress, respectively.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inbal Nussbaum

    Full Text Available Stationary-phase cultures have been used as an important model of aging, a complex process involving multiple pathways and signaling networks. However, the molecular processes underlying stress response of non-dividing cells are poorly understood, although deteriorated stress response is one of the hallmarks of aging. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model organism to study the genetics of aging, because yeast ages within days and are amenable to genetic manipulations. As a unicellular organism, yeast has evolved robust systems to respond to environmental challenges. This response is orchestrated largely by the conserved transcription factor Hsf1, which in S. cerevisiae regulates expression of multiple genes in response to diverse stresses. Here we demonstrate that Hsf1 response to heat shock and oxidative stress deteriorates during yeast transition from exponential growth to stationary-phase, whereas Hsf1 activation by glucose starvation is maintained. Overexpressing Hsf1 does not significantly improve heat shock response, indicating that Hsf1 dwindling is not the major cause for Hsf1 attenuated response in stationary-phase yeast. Rather, factors that participate in Hsf1 activation appear to be compromised. We uncover two factors, Yap1 and Sir2, which discretely function in Hsf1 activation by oxidative stress and heat shock. In Δyap1 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to oxidative stress, while in Δsir2 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to heat shock. Moreover, excess Sir2 mimics the heat shock response. This role of the NAD+-dependent Sir2 is supported by our finding that supplementing NAD+ precursors improves Hsf1 heat shock response in stationary-phase yeast, especially when combined with expression of excess Sir2. Finally, the combination of excess Hsf1, excess Sir2 and NAD+ precursors rejuvenates the heat shock response.

  12. Deteriorated stress response in stationary-phase yeast: Sir2 and Yap1 are essential for Hsf1 activation by heat shock and oxidative stress, respectively.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nussbaum, Inbal; Weindling, Esther; Jubran, Ritta; Cohen, Aviv; Bar-Nun, Shoshana

    2014-01-01

    Stationary-phase cultures have been used as an important model of aging, a complex process involving multiple pathways and signaling networks. However, the molecular processes underlying stress response of non-dividing cells are poorly understood, although deteriorated stress response is one of the hallmarks of aging. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model organism to study the genetics of aging, because yeast ages within days and are amenable to genetic manipulations. As a unicellular organism, yeast has evolved robust systems to respond to environmental challenges. This response is orchestrated largely by the conserved transcription factor Hsf1, which in S. cerevisiae regulates expression of multiple genes in response to diverse stresses. Here we demonstrate that Hsf1 response to heat shock and oxidative stress deteriorates during yeast transition from exponential growth to stationary-phase, whereas Hsf1 activation by glucose starvation is maintained. Overexpressing Hsf1 does not significantly improve heat shock response, indicating that Hsf1 dwindling is not the major cause for Hsf1 attenuated response in stationary-phase yeast. Rather, factors that participate in Hsf1 activation appear to be compromised. We uncover two factors, Yap1 and Sir2, which discretely function in Hsf1 activation by oxidative stress and heat shock. In Δyap1 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to oxidative stress, while in Δsir2 mutant, Hsf1 does not respond to heat shock. Moreover, excess Sir2 mimics the heat shock response. This role of the NAD+-dependent Sir2 is supported by our finding that supplementing NAD+ precursors improves Hsf1 heat shock response in stationary-phase yeast, especially when combined with expression of excess Sir2. Finally, the combination of excess Hsf1, excess Sir2 and NAD+ precursors rejuvenates the heat shock response.

  13. Communication Apprehension: Its Incidence in the Philippines and Elsewhere.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mordeno, Jose; And Others

    A study investigated communication apprehension in the Philippines and compared its incidence there with that in populations in the United States, Australia, China, Japan, Korea, and Micronesia. The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension for College Students (PRCA) was administered to 312 students in Manila, as well as to comparable numbers…

  14. Safranbolu İlçesinde Yemeni Yapımı Kerchief Making In Safranbolu Sub-Province

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melda ÖZDEMİR

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available In the study, it is aimed to search and document the fabrication ofthe kerchiefs which is finitely maintained today in Safranbolu subprovince.The information about the tools and instruments, fabricationphases of the kerchief coming from the manufacturer are explained bysupporting with photographs.One of those provinces is Safranbolu sub-province in the Blacksea Region. Safranbolu is the greatest and the most developed subprovinceof the Karabük Province. It is 200 km north of Ankara and 100km south of the Black Sea. It is 8 km north of the Karabük center.It becomes important the handcrafts and products whichdisappeared since they lost their functionalities or changed theirfunctions today before they completely disappear to document andconvey to the next generations.One of the most important areas of use of the leather is the shoemaking.The handmade shoe fabrication which was very separatein Anatolia and had common fabrication features before it was defeatedwith the mechanization; however, it is maintained in a few provinces bya few craftsmen.Handicrafts are the liveliest documents of a nation’s cultural personalitylike the folkloric arts. The art of leather that is one of the handicrafts has a veryimportant place in Turkish culture and art in terms of its technique, material,ornamentation, color and pattern. Turks have enormously contributed to thedevelopment and progression of the leather and art of leather in the world. Theleather samples which have been conveyed from generation to generation in themuseum, library and collections are very important since they indicate the highertechnical capacity, sense of art and creativity of Turks. Bu çalışmada Safranbolu ilçesinde günümüzde sınırlıda olsa sürdürülen yemeni üretimini incelemek ve belgelemek amaçlanmıştır. Yemeni yapımında kullanılan araç-gereç, üretim aşamaları hakkında üreticisinden sağlanan bilgiler, fotoğraflarla desteklenerek a

  15. The Evolution of Epidemic Suicide on Guam: Context and Contagion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Booth, Heather

    2010-01-01

    Thirty years of suicide rates for Guam were analyzed by age, sex, period, and cohort. Youth suicide increased rapidly in the 1990s; certain cohorts have higher rates. Four explanatory factors are discussed, including ecological factors and migration from the Federated States of Micronesia. Direct and indirect suicide contagion followed the death…

  16. An updated review of Zika virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abushouk, Abdelrahman Ibrahim; Negida, Ahmed; Ahmed, Hussien

    2016-11-01

    The current outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in South America is one of the most serious public health emergencies since the Ebola outbreak of West Africa [2014]. ZIKV belongs to the flaviviridae family and has two lineages (Asian and African). The virus was first discovered in Uganda [1947] and the first human infection was identified in Nigeria [1952]. The current epidemic is the third of its type after that of Yap Island, Micronesia [2007] and French Polynesia [2013]. Phylogenetic studies revealed that the current strain shares about 99.7% of nucleotides and 99.9% of amino acids with the strain of French Polynesia epidemic [2013], suggesting that it has spread across the Pacific Ocean to invade South America. Aedes Aegypti mosquito is the main vector for ZIKV and there are some reports describing possible sexual and maternal to fetal transmission. ZIKV infection is known to be self-limited. However, recent reports suggested that it can be associated with neurological manifestations as Guillan-Barrè Syndrome and microcephaly in the newborn population. Currently, vector control seems to be the most effective available preventive measure against ZIKV spread. The development of broad spectrum antivirals and ZIKV vaccines should be a priority of future research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. NOAA Photo Library - Meet the Photographers/Dr. James P. McVey

    Science.gov (United States)

    National Sea Grant College Program. He is responsible for reviewing the proposals pertaining to aquaculture saltwater prawns and was responsible for introducing brackishwater pond culture to Micronesia. During this time in Micronesia, and while a student at the University of Hawaii, he participated in several

  18. Appendix 1: Regional summaries - Hawaii and U.S Affiliated Pacific Islands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Christian Giardina

    2012-01-01

    Hawaii and the U.S.-affiliated Pacific islands, including Guam, American Samoa, Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of Palau, and the Marshall Islands (fig. A1-3), contain a high diversity of flora, fauna, ecosystems, geographies, and cultures, with climates ranging from lowland tropical to alpine desert. Forest ecosystems...

  19. Eliminating tobacco-related disparities among Pacific Islanders through leadership and capacity building: promising practices and lessons learned.

    Science.gov (United States)

    David, Annette M; Lew, Rod; Lyman, Annabel K; Otto, Caleb; Robles, Rebecca; Cruz, George J

    2013-09-01

    Tobacco remains a major risk factor for premature death and ill health among Pacific Islanders, and tobacco-related disparities persist. Eliminating these disparities requires a comprehensive approach to transform community norms about tobacco use through policy change, as contained in the World Health Organization international Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Three of the six U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands-the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands-are Parties to the Framework; the remaining three territories-American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam-are excluded from the treaty by virtue of U.S. nonratification. Capacity building and leadership development are essential in achieving policy change and health equity within Pacific Islander communities. We describe promising practices from American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, and Palau and highlight some of the key lessons learned in supporting and sustaining the reduction in tobacco use among Pacific Islanders as the first step toward eliminating tobacco-related disparities in these populations.

  20. N2O2 Tipi Schiff Bazı Ligandı ile Sentezlenen Cu(II Kompleksinin X-Işını Yapısı ve Termal Özelliği

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmet Karahan

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Cu(II kompleksinin X-ışınları moleküler yapısı 293 K'de tayin edildi. Cu (II kompleksi monoklinik yapıda ve uzay grubu P21/n a= 12.4007(14, b= 8.4476(9, c= 20.0286(12 Ã…, β= 97.291(7°. Termal davranışları diferansiyel termal analiz ve termogravimetrik analiz ile incelendi. Ayrıca Schiff bazı ligandının karakterizasyonunda elementel analiz, IR, UV-vis spektroskopisi, termal analiz, 1H-NMR ve 13C-NMR yöntemlerinden faydalanıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Schiff bazı, Tek Kristal, X-ışınları analizi, Termal analiz The X-Ray Molecular Structure and Thermal Behaviour of Cu (II Complex, Synthesis With N2O2 Type Schiff Base Ligand Abstract: The X-ray molecular structure of Cu (II complex at 293 K has been determined. The Cu (II complex, has been prepared and structurally and thermal characterized. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with a= 12.407(14, b= 8.4476(9, c= 20.0286(12 Ã…, β= 97.291(7°. The thermal behavior of the compound was investigated by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Additionally, Schiff base ligand also characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, thermal analysis, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Key words: Schiff base, Single crystal, X-ray analysis, Thermal analysis

  1. Building Tobacco Cessation Capacity in the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands

    OpenAIRE

    David, Annette M.; Cruz, Peter J.; Mercado, Susan P.; Dan, Li

    2013-01-01

    Tobacco control stakeholders in priority populations are searching for culturally appropriate cessation training models to strengthen cessation capacity and infrastructure. We adapted the University of Arizona model for Brief Tobacco Cessation Interventions (BTI) training for Pacific Islanders and pilot-tested it in four Pacific Islands - Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Northern Mariana Islands and the Marshall Islands.

  2. Increasing Access to Effective Education across Oceania

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hogan, Robert; Nimmer, Natalie

    2013-01-01

    The history of education in many developing nations is a template of ineffectual and expensive instruction. Despite nearly half a century of higher education in the Pacific, up to 50% of the teachers in many countries such as the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands still have no more than a high school…

  3. Research on the ecology and management of Micronesian mangroves

    Science.gov (United States)

    J.A. Allen

    1999-01-01

    Mangroves are a vitally important natural resource on the high islands of Micronesia. This importance is especially valid in the Federated States of Micronisa (FSM) and the Republic of Palau, where mangroves cover 10-15% of the total land area and are used heavily by islanders as sources of wood, crabs, fish, thatching material, and other products.

  4. Esnek ve Rijit Yol Üst Yapılarında Gürültü Seviyelerinin Eş Zamanlı Ölçümü ve Analizi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hakan Yıldırım

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Beton yollar dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılmasına karşın ülkemizde gelişim gösterememiş, bu nedenle de genel olarak bitümlü sıcak karışım asfalt yollar tercih edilmiştir.Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de yaygın olarak kullanılan bitümlü sıcak karışım asfalt yollar ve henüz yaygınlaşmamış olan beton yollar arasında gürültü seviyeleri yönünden bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Bunun için Afyonkarahisar-Emirdağ arasında inşa edilmiş 2 km'lik beton yol ile bu yolun devamı olan bitümlü sıcak karışım asfalt yol arasındaki geçiş noktası çalışma koridoru olarak kullanılmıştır.Bu koridordaki beton yol ve bitümlü sıcak karışım asfalt yolun kenarlarına, ses girişimlerini en aza indirecek şekilde, ayrı ayrı gürültü ölçüm cihazı ve kamera düzenekleri yerleştirilmiş, yol yapım malzemesine bağlı olarak değişen gürültü seviyeleri eş zamanlı olarak kaydedilmiş, bulunan değerler analiz edilerek kaplama türleri ile gürültü seviyeleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Bu aşamada, kurulan düzenekler arasındaki mesafe trafik yoğunluğunun ve akış hızının değişimini engellemek için mümkün olduğunca kısa tutulmuştur.Yapılan ölçüm ve analizler sonunda beton yolların bitümlü sıcak karışım asfalt yollara göre ortalama gürültü seviyesinin aynı taşıt kompozisyonu ve trafik hacmi için yaklaşık 4 dB(A daha düşük olduğu ortaya konmuş ve ülkemizde de beton yolların gelişim göstermesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.

  5. Biyoloji Öğretmen Adaylarının “Bakteri” Konusundaki Bilişsel Yapılarının Ve Alternatif Kavramlarının Belirlenmesi Determining Biology Student Teachers’ Cognitive Structure And Alternative Concepts On The Concept Of “Bacteria”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hakan KURT

    2013-09-01

    listed as follows: “structure and properties of bacteria”, “bacteria identification”, “bacterial genetics”, “classification of bacteria” and “the formation of the nutrients and energy in bacteria”.Moreover, the data collected through two data collection instruments indicated that student teachers had misconceptions about bacteria considering the themes determined. Since this concept concerns many disciplines, it causes students to have difficulty in forming conceptual structures related to the concept of bacteria. Teachers play an important role in students' learning concepts. Teachers of biology, which is related to many disciplines, adopt great responsibility for students' forming and learning the appropriate conceptual structures related to the concept of bacteria. The reasons why students are successful or unsuccessful in learning concepts are the leading issue in educational research for an effective learning. In brief, attaching importance to concept teaching and learning at any stage of education and organizing learning-teaching activities accordingly are of high importance to meaningful learning. Therefore, it is necessary to determine students' conceptual structures, inaccurate and incomplete information, and concepts before starting to teach. Teaching and learning should be planned through suitable strategies, methods, and techniques. Thus, students can code meaningfully new concepts and information in their minds, and create accurate correlation between these concepts and information, which leads to more meaningful and permanent learning. Öğrencilerin bilgiyi zihinlerine nasıl aldıkları ve zihinlerinde nasıl yapılandırdıklarını anlamak araştırmacıların ilgisini çeken en önemli konulardan biridir. Yapılandırmacı öğrenme yaklaşımı bilginin birey tarafından zihinde aktif bir şekilde ön bilgileriyle ve önceki deneyimleriyle ilişkilendirilerek yapılandırıldığını ifade etmektedir (Anderson 1992; Bodner 1986

  6. Temettuat Defterine Göre Mut'un Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Demografik Yapısı (1844-1845 Socıo-Economıc And Demographıc Structure Of Mut Accordıng To Temettuat Defter (1844-1845

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmet GEÇER

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The registry book collections (defter collections take an important place in the private and common researches of socio-economic history of the Ottoman Empire. Tapu Tahrir Defterleri (Land Registry books, Muhimme defterleri (Private registries, Temettuat defterleri (Profits and earnings registries are the most important defter collections of these. Inthis study, Temmettuat defteri of Mut town, which used to be in Mersinbanner, within the province of Konya have been studied. For thispurpose, 154 page – Temmettuat defter, which was numbered as 10498from The Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, have been transcriptionedand tables have been created from the datas. The tables have beenprepared by handling the villages separately the same as in Temmettuatdefter on the Microsoft Excel Programme but it hasn’t been given heresince it is in long lists. The data obtained from tabulation process,administrative structure, population, names, branches of economicactivity and the social status of the population, Virgi-yi mahsusa(private tax, agricultural production structure, land types, animal typesand taxation, distribution of income have been evaluated under thesub-headings and the socio-economic and demographic structure ofMut town have been given in the study. While evaluating the deftersome expressions such as Department of Taxation and Department ofEarnings for the sections, which were not mentioned in the defter, haveto be used time to time. These sections are classified according to thedefter. Temettuat defter of Mut contains a lot of important informationwhich highlight the socio-economic history as well as the distribution oftax, the amount of treated soil, agricultural activities, tithe,occupations, incomes, the names of each head of household. Along withthe information given in this study and the other sources of the periodconsidered, the socio-economic structure of Mut will be literally putforward. Osmanlı Devletinin özel ve genel alanda yap

  7. Whole-island carbon stocks in the tropical Pacific: implications for mangrove conservation and upland restoration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Donato, D C; Kauffman, J B; Mackenzie, R A; Ainsworth, A; Pfleeger, A Z

    2012-04-30

    Management of forest carbon (C) stocks is an increasingly prominent land-use issue. Knowledge of carbon storage in tropical forests is improving, but regional variations are still poorly understood, and this constrains forest management and conservation efforts associated with carbon valuation mechanisms (e.g., carbon markets). This deficiency is especially pronounced in tropical islands and low-lying coastal areas where climate change impacts are expected to be among the most severe. This study presents the first field estimate of island-wide carbon storage in ecosystems of Oceania, with special attention to the regional role of coastal mangroves, which occur on islands and coastal zones throughout the tropics. On two island groups of Micronesia (Yap and Palau), we sampled all above- and belowground C pools, including soil and vegetation, in 24 sites distributed evenly among the three major vegetation structural types: mangroves, upland forests, and open savannas (generally on degraded lands formerly forested). Total C stocks were estimated to be 3.9 and 15.2 Tg C on Yap and Palau, respectively. Mangroves contained by far the largest per-hectare C pools (830-1218 Mg C ha(-1)), with deep organic-rich soils alone storing more C (631-754 Mg C ha(-1)) than all pools combined in upland systems. Despite covering just 12-13% of land area, mangroves accounted for 24-34% of total island C stocks. Savannas (156-203 Mg C ha(-1)) contained significantly lower C stocks than upland forests (375-437 Mg C ha(-1)), suggesting that reforesting savannas where appropriate has high potential for carbon-based funding to aid restoration objectives. For mangroves, these results demonstrate the key role of these systems within the broader context of C storage in island and coastal landscapes. Sustainable management of mangrove forests and their large C stocks is of high importance at the regional scale, and climate change mitigation programs such as REDD+ could play a large role in

  8. Fen Ve Teknoloji Dersi Öğretmenlerinin SBS’de Yapılan Değişikliklerle İlgili Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MUSTAFA UZOĞLU

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışma fen ve teknoloji öğretmenlerinin SBS’nin kaldırılması hakkındaki görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu anketten yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 2012-2013 öğretim yılında Giresun İlinde görev yapan 51 fen ve teknoloji öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Açık uçlu anket formundan elde edilen sonuçlarda çalışmaya katılan fen ve teknoloji öğretmenlerinin birçoğu söz konusu sınavın kaldırılmasına karşı çıkmışlardır. Ayrıca öğretmenler sınav kaldırıldığında öğrencilerin yerleştirilmesinde sıkıntıların çıkabileceğini ifade etmişlerdir. Diğer yandan fen ve teknoloji öğretmenlerinin ortaöğretim kurumlarına öğrenci seçmek için yapılan sınavların sayısının ve şeklinin sürekli değişmesinden dolayı endişelendikleri dikkati çekmektedir. Fen ve teknoloji öğretmenleri bu durumun öğrencilerde güven kaybına, motivasyon düşüklüğüne, karamsarlığa bıkkınlığa, gelecek endişesine, adaptasyon sorununa neden olabileceğini ifade etmişlerdir.

  9. The Ets Transcription Factor GABP Is a Component of the Hippo Pathway Essential for Growth and Antioxidant Defense

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hongtan Wu

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available The transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP plays an important role in organ-size control and tumorigenesis. However, how Yap gene expression is regulated remains unknown. This study shows that the Ets family member GABP binds to the Yap promoter and activates YAP transcription. The depletion of GABP downregulates YAP, resulting in a G1/S cell-cycle block and increased cell death, both of which are substantially rescued by reconstituting YAP. GABP can be inactivated by oxidative mechanisms, and acetaminophen-induced glutathione depletion inhibits GABP transcriptional activity and depletes YAP. In contrast, activating YAP by deleting Mst1/Mst2 strongly protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Similar to its effects on YAP, Hippo signaling inhibits GABP transcriptional activity through several mechanisms. In human liver cancers, enhanced YAP expression is correlated with increased nuclear expression of GABP. Therefore, we conclude that GABP is an activator of Yap gene expression and a potential therapeutic target for cancers driven by YAP.

  10. The mysterious Zika virus: Adding to the tropical flavivirus mayhem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B Mishra

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Until now, known as the demure cousin of dengue virus (DENV inhabiting Africa, Zika virus (ZIKV has reinvented itself to cause explosive epidemics captivating the Western hemisphere. The outbreak causing potential for ZIKV was realized when it made its way from Africa to Yap Island Micronesia in 2007, and in French Polynesia in 2013. From there, it moved on to Brazil in 2015. Now ZIKV has infected people in more than 33 countries in Central and South America and the Caribbean. Moreover the epidemiological and subsequent virological association with microcephaly cases in Brazil has prompted the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency of International Concern. ZIKV shares not only its vector Aedes aegypti with dengue and chikungunya but also the geographic distribution and clinical features, which makes the laboratory confirmation mandatory for definitive diagnosis. The serological cross-reactivity with other Flavivirus, particularly with DENV makes laboratory confirmation challenging and will place additional burden on health systems to establish molecular diagnostic facilities. The evidence of additional nonvector modes of transmission, such as perinatal, sexual as well as transfusion has made preventative strategies more difficult. As ZIKV disease continues to mystify us with several unanswered questions, it calls for coordinated effort of global scientific community to address the ever growing arboviral threat to mankind.

  11. Zika virus infection: Past and present of another emerging vector-borne disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sakkas, Hercules; Economou, Vangelis; Papadopoulou, Chrissanthy

    2016-01-01

    Zika virus infection is an emerging mosquito-borne disease, first identified in Uganda in 1947. It is caused by the Zika arbovirus, and transmitted by the bites of infected mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. For almost half a century, the Zika virus was reported as the causative agent of sporadic human infections. In 2007, the Zika virus emerged outside Asia and Africa causing an epidemic on the Island of Yap in Micronesia. The manifestation of the newly acquired human infection varies from asymptomatic to self-limiting acute febrile illness with symptoms and clinical features similar to those caused by the Dengue virus ('Dengue-like syndrome'). The real-time PCR and serological methods have been successfully applied for the diagnosis of the disease. The treatment is symptomatic, since there is no specific antiviral treatment or a vaccine. During the recent outbreaks in French Polynesia and Brazil, incidents of Guillain-Barrι syndrome and microcephaly were associated with Zika virus infection, giving rise to fears of further global spread of the virus. Prevention and vector control strategies have to be urgently implemented by national health authorities in order to contain future outbreaks in vulnerable populations. This review summarizes the existing information on Zika virus characteristics, pathogenesis and epidemiology, the available methods for the diagnosis of Zika virus infection and recent approaches for prevention and control.

  12. A CREB-MPP7-AMOT Regulatory Axis Controls Muscle Stem Cell Expansion and Self-Renewal Competence

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    Lydia Li

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Summary: Skeletal muscle regeneration requires resident muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells (SCs. SCs are largely quiescent during homeostasis yet become activated upon injury to supply myonuclei and self-renewed SCs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the competence of SCs to proliferate and self-renew in response to injury remain unclear. Here, we show that CREB activity establishes proliferative potential during SC quiescence. SCs with inhibited CREB activity remain quiescent and positioned in their niche, but upon injury, they cannot enter or maintain a proliferative state for expansion and self-renewal. We demonstrate mechanistically that Mpp7 is a CREB target and its functional mediator. MPP7 loss affects the level and sub-cellular localization of AMOT and YAP1 in quiescent SCs. Furthermore, MPP7 and AMOT are required for YAP1 nuclear accumulation, and the three are individually required for a proliferative state in myoblasts. We propose that the CREB-MPP7-AMOT-YAP1 axis establishes the competence of quiescent SCs to expand and self-renew, thereby preserving stem cell function. : Satellite cells are quiescent muscle stem cells that have the ability to regenerate muscles after injury. Li and Fan reveal an MPP7-AMOT-YAP1 regulatory axis that acts downstream of CREB to instill satellite cell competence. They also show how this regulatory axis prepares satellite cells for robust muscle regeneration after injury.

  13. Zika virus disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adel I Al-Afaleq

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The Zika virus is an arbovirus belonging to the virus family Flaviviridae. The virus was isolated in 1947 from a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda. The virus causes sporadic mild human infections in Africa and later in Asia. However, by 2007 a major shift in its infection pattern was noticed and thousands of human infections were reported in the State of Yap and Federated States of Micronesia. In the last 3 years, major outbreaks have continued to occur and the virus has spread to several Pacific and American countries. These outbreaks were mostly asymptomatic; however, there were more severe clinical signs associated with the infections. Those signs included microcephaly and Guillain–Barre syndrome. It is believed that various species of mosquitoes can biologically transmit the virus. However, Aedes aegypti is most widely associated with the Zika virus. Recently, new modes of virus transmission have been reported, including mother-to-fetus, sexual, blood transfusion, animal bites, laboratory exposure and breast milk. Differential diagnosis is very important as some other arboviruses such as yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus have similar clinical manifestations to the Zika virus infection as well as relating serologically to some of these viruses. Established laboratory diagnostic tests to detect the Zika virus are limited, with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction being the most widely used test. Taking into consideration the quickness of the spread of infection, size of the infected population and change of the infection severity pattern, the Zika virus infection merits collective efforts on all levels to prevent and control the disease. Limited research work and data, concurrent infection with other arboviruses, involvement of biological vectors, mass crowd events, human and trade movements and lack of vaccines are some of the challenges that we face in our efforts to prevent and

  14. Consortia Building: A Handshake and a Smile, Island Style

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Cutright

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available In the evaluation of consortia and what constitutes these entities the discussion runs the gamut. From small, loosely knit groups who are interested in cooperation for the sake of improving services to large membership driven organizations addressing multiple interests, all recognize the benefits of partnerships. The Federated States of Micronesia are located in the western Pacific Ocean and cover 3.2 million square miles. Throughout this scattering of small islands exists an enthusiastic library community of staff and users that have changed the outlook of libraries since 1991. Motivated by the collaboratvie ef orts of this group, a project has unfolded over the past year that will further enhance library services through staff training and education while utilizing innovative technology. In assessing the library needs of the region this group crafted the document "The Federated States of Micronesia Library Services Plan, 1999-2003," which coalesces the concepts, goals, and priorities put forward by a broad-based contingency of librarians. The compilation of the plan and its implementation demonstrate an understanding of the issues and exhibit the ingenuity, creativity, and willingness to solve problems on a grand scale addressing the needs of all libraries in this vast Pacific region.

  15. The PDZ-binding motif of Yes-associated protein is required for its co-activation of TEAD-mediated CTGF transcription and oncogenic cell transforming activity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shimomura, Tadanori; Miyamura, Norio; Hata, Shoji; Miura, Ryota; Hirayama, Jun; Nishina, Hiroshi

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: •Loss of the PDZ-binding motif inhibits constitutively active YAP (5SA)-induced oncogenic cell transformation. •The PDZ-binding motif of YAP promotes its nuclear localization in cultured cells and mouse liver. •Loss of the PDZ-binding motif inhibits YAP (5SA)-induced CTGF transcription in cultured cells and mouse liver. -- Abstract: YAP is a transcriptional co-activator that acts downstream of the Hippo signaling pathway and regulates multiple cellular processes, including proliferation. Hippo pathway-dependent phosphorylation of YAP negatively regulates its function. Conversely, attenuation of Hippo-mediated phosphorylation of YAP increases its ability to stimulate proliferation and eventually induces oncogenic transformation. The C-terminus of YAP contains a highly conserved PDZ-binding motif that regulates YAP’s functions in multiple ways. However, to date, the importance of the PDZ-binding motif to the oncogenic cell transforming activity of YAP has not been determined. In this study, we disrupted the PDZ-binding motif in the YAP (5SA) protein, in which the sites normally targeted by Hippo pathway-dependent phosphorylation are mutated. We found that loss of the PDZ-binding motif significantly inhibited the oncogenic transformation of cultured cells induced by YAP (5SA). In addition, the increased nuclear localization of YAP (5SA) and its enhanced activation of TEAD-dependent transcription of the cell proliferation gene CTGF were strongly reduced when the PDZ-binding motif was deleted. Similarly, in mouse liver, deletion of the PDZ-binding motif suppressed nuclear localization of YAP (5SA) and YAP (5SA)-induced CTGF expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the PDZ-binding motif of YAP is critical for YAP-mediated oncogenesis, and that this effect is mediated by YAP’s co-activation of TEAD-mediated CTGF transcription

  16. The PDZ-binding motif of Yes-associated protein is required for its co-activation of TEAD-mediated CTGF transcription and oncogenic cell transforming activity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shimomura, Tadanori; Miyamura, Norio; Hata, Shoji; Miura, Ryota; Hirayama, Jun, E-mail: hirayama.dbio@mri.tmd.ac.jp; Nishina, Hiroshi, E-mail: nishina.dbio@mri.tmd.ac.jp

    2014-01-17

    Highlights: •Loss of the PDZ-binding motif inhibits constitutively active YAP (5SA)-induced oncogenic cell transformation. •The PDZ-binding motif of YAP promotes its nuclear localization in cultured cells and mouse liver. •Loss of the PDZ-binding motif inhibits YAP (5SA)-induced CTGF transcription in cultured cells and mouse liver. -- Abstract: YAP is a transcriptional co-activator that acts downstream of the Hippo signaling pathway and regulates multiple cellular processes, including proliferation. Hippo pathway-dependent phosphorylation of YAP negatively regulates its function. Conversely, attenuation of Hippo-mediated phosphorylation of YAP increases its ability to stimulate proliferation and eventually induces oncogenic transformation. The C-terminus of YAP contains a highly conserved PDZ-binding motif that regulates YAP’s functions in multiple ways. However, to date, the importance of the PDZ-binding motif to the oncogenic cell transforming activity of YAP has not been determined. In this study, we disrupted the PDZ-binding motif in the YAP (5SA) protein, in which the sites normally targeted by Hippo pathway-dependent phosphorylation are mutated. We found that loss of the PDZ-binding motif significantly inhibited the oncogenic transformation of cultured cells induced by YAP (5SA). In addition, the increased nuclear localization of YAP (5SA) and its enhanced activation of TEAD-dependent transcription of the cell proliferation gene CTGF were strongly reduced when the PDZ-binding motif was deleted. Similarly, in mouse liver, deletion of the PDZ-binding motif suppressed nuclear localization of YAP (5SA) and YAP (5SA)-induced CTGF expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the PDZ-binding motif of YAP is critical for YAP-mediated oncogenesis, and that this effect is mediated by YAP’s co-activation of TEAD-mediated CTGF transcription.

  17. A novel acetylation cycle of transcription co-activator Yes-associated protein that is downstream of Hippo pathway is triggered in response to SN2 alkylating agents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hata, Shoji; Hirayama, Jun; Kajiho, Hiroaki; Nakagawa, Kentaro; Hata, Yutaka; Katada, Toshiaki; Furutani-Seiki, Makoto; Nishina, Hiroshi

    2012-06-22

    Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator that acts downstream of the Hippo signaling pathway and regulates multiple cellular processes. Although cytoplasmic retention of YAP is known to be mediated by Hippo pathway-dependent phosphorylation, post-translational modifications that regulate YAP in the nucleus remain unclear. Here we report the discovery of a novel cycle of acetylation/deacetylation of nuclear YAP induced in response to S(N)2 alkylating agents. We show that after treatment of cells with the S(N)2 alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate, YAP phosphorylation mediated by the Hippo pathway is markedly reduced, leading to nuclear translocation of YAP and its acetylation. This YAP acetylation occurs on specific and highly conserved C-terminal lysine residues and is mediated by the nuclear acetyltransferases CBP (CREB binding protein) and p300. Conversely, the nuclear deacetylase SIRT1 is responsible for YAP deacetylation. Intriguingly, we found that YAP acetylation is induced specifically by S(N)2 alkylating agents and not by other DNA-damaging stimuli. These results identify a novel YAP acetylation cycle that occurs in the nucleus downstream of the Hippo pathway. Intriguingly, our findings also indicate that YAP acetylation is involved in responses to a specific type of DNA damage.

  18. A Novel Acetylation Cycle of Transcription Co-activator Yes-associated Protein That Is Downstream of Hippo Pathway Is Triggered in Response to SN2 Alkylating Agents*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hata, Shoji; Hirayama, Jun; Kajiho, Hiroaki; Nakagawa, Kentaro; Hata, Yutaka; Katada, Toshiaki; Furutani-Seiki, Makoto; Nishina, Hiroshi

    2012-01-01

    Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator that acts downstream of the Hippo signaling pathway and regulates multiple cellular processes. Although cytoplasmic retention of YAP is known to be mediated by Hippo pathway-dependent phosphorylation, post-translational modifications that regulate YAP in the nucleus remain unclear. Here we report the discovery of a novel cycle of acetylation/deacetylation of nuclear YAP induced in response to SN2 alkylating agents. We show that after treatment of cells with the SN2 alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate, YAP phosphorylation mediated by the Hippo pathway is markedly reduced, leading to nuclear translocation of YAP and its acetylation. This YAP acetylation occurs on specific and highly conserved C-terminal lysine residues and is mediated by the nuclear acetyltransferases CBP (CREB binding protein) and p300. Conversely, the nuclear deacetylase SIRT1 is responsible for YAP deacetylation. Intriguingly, we found that YAP acetylation is induced specifically by SN2 alkylating agents and not by other DNA-damaging stimuli. These results identify a novel YAP acetylation cycle that occurs in the nucleus downstream of the Hippo pathway. Intriguingly, our findings also indicate that YAP acetylation is involved in responses to a specific type of DNA damage. PMID:22544757

  19. Yes-Associated Protein Expression Is Correlated to the Differentiation of Prostate Adenocarcinoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Myung-Giun Noh

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Background Yes-associated protein (YAP in the Hippo signaling pathway is a growth control pathway that regulates cell proliferation and stem cell functions. Abnormal regulation of YAP was reported in human cancers including liver, lung, breast, skin, colon, and ovarian cancer. However, the function of YAP is not known in prostate adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of YAP in tumorigenesis, differentiation, and prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods The nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of YAP was examined in 188 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry. YAP expression levels were evaluated in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the prostate adenocarcinoma and the adjacent normal prostate tissue. The presence of immunopositive tumor cells was evaluated and interpreted in comparison with the patients’ clinicopathologic data. Results YAP expression levels were not significantly different between normal epithelial cells and prostate adenocarcinoma. However, YAP expression level was significantly higher in carcinomas with a high Gleason grades (8–10 than in carcinomas with a low Gleason grades (6–7 (p < .01. There was no statistical correlation between YAP expression and stage, age, prostate-specific antigen level, and tumor volume. Biochemical recurrence (BCR–free survival was significantly lower in patients with high YAP expressing cancers (p = .02. However high YAP expression was not an independent prognostic factor for BCR in the Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusions The results suggested that YAP is not associated with prostate adenocarcinoma development, but it may be associated with the differentiation of the adenocarcinoma. YAP was not associated with BCR.

  20. Current Zika virus epidemiology and recent epidemics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ioos, S; Mallet, H-P; Leparc Goffart, I; Gauthier, V; Cardoso, T; Herida, M

    2014-07-01

    The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (Aedes), similar to other arboviruses, first identified in Uganda in 1947. Few human cases were reported until 2007, when a Zika outbreak occurred in Yap, Micronesia, even though ZIKV activity had been reported in Africa and in Asia through virological surveillance and entomological studies. French Polynesia has recorded a large outbreak since October 2013. A great number of cases and some with neurological and autoimmune complications have been reported in a context of concurrent circulation of dengue viruses. The clinical presentation is a "dengue-like syndrome". Until the epidemic in French Polynesia, no severe ZIKV disease had been described so far. The diagnosis is confirmed by viral genome detection by genomic amplification (RT- PCR) and viral isolation. These two large outbreaks occurred in a previously unaffected area in less than a decade. They should raise awareness as to the potential for ZIKV to spread especially since this emergent disease is not well known and that some questions remain on potential reservoirs and transmission modes as well as on clinical presentations and complications. ZIKV has the potential to spread to new areas where the Aedes mosquito vector is present and could be a risk for Southern Europe. Strategies for the prevention and control of ZIKV disease should include the use of insect repellent and mosquito vector eradication. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  1. The Hippo Pathway as Drug Targets in Cancer Therapy and Regenerative Medicine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nagashima, Shunta; Bao, Yijun; Hata, Yutaka

    2017-01-01

    Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) co-operate with numerous transcription factors to regulate gene transcriptions. YAP1 and TAZ are negatively regulated by the tumor suppressive Hippo pathway. In human cancers, the Hippo pathway is frequently deregulated and YAP1 and TAZ escape the inhibition by the Hippo pathway. The upregulation of YAP1 and TAZ induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increases drug resistance in cancer cells. TAZ is implicated in cancer stemness. In consequence cancers with hyperactive YAP1 and TAZ are associated with poor clinical prognosis. Inhibitors of YAP1 and TAZ are reasoned to be beneficial in cancer therapy. On the other hand, since YAP1 and TAZ play important roles in the regulation of various tissue stem cells and in tissue repair, activators of YAP1 and TAZ are useful in the regenerative medicine. We discuss the potential application of inhibitors and activators of YAP1 and TAZ in human diseases and review the progress of drug screenings to search for them. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  2. Training competent and effective Primary Health Care Workers to fill a void in the outer islands health service delivery of the Marshall Islands of Micronesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keni Bhalachandra H

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Human resources for health are non-existent in many parts of the world and the outer islands of Marshall Islands in Micronesia are prime examples. While the more populated islands with hospital facilities are often successful in recruiting qualified health professionals from overseas, the outer islands generally have very limited health resources, and are thus less successful. In an attempt to provide reasonable health services to these islands, indigenous people were trained as Health Assistants (HA to service their local communities. In an effort to remedy the effectiveness of health care delivery to these islands, a program to train mid-level health care workers (Hospital Assistants was developed and implemented by the Ministry of Health in conjunction with the hospital in Majuro, the capital city of the Marshall Islands. Methods A physician instructor with experience and expertise in primary health care in these regions conducted the program. The curriculum included training in basic health science, essentials of endemic disorders and their clinical management appropriate to the outer islands. Emphasis was given to prevention and health promotion as well as to the curative aspects. For clinical observation, the candidates were assigned to clinical departments of the Majuro hospital for 1 year during their training, as assistants to the nursing staff. This paper discusses the details of the training, the modalities used to groom the candidates, and an assessment of the ultimate effectiveness of the program. Results Out of 16 boys who began training, 14 candidates were successful in completing the program. In 1998 a similar program was conducted exclusively for women under the auspices of Asian Development Bank funding, hence women were not part of this program. Conclusion For developing countries of the Pacific, appropriately trained human resources are an essential component of economic progress, and the health workforce

  3. Pairing Coral Geochemical Analyses with an Ecosystem Services Model to Assess Drivers and Impacts of Sediment Delivery within Micronesia's Largest Estuary, Ngeremeduu Bay

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewis, S.; Dunbar, R. B.; Mucciarone, D.; Barkdull, M.

    2017-12-01

    Scientific tools assessing impacts to watershed and coastal ecosystem services, like those from land-use land conversion (LULC), are critical for sustainable land management strategies. Small island nations are particularly vulnerable to LULC threats, especially sediment delivery, given their small spatial size and reliance on natural resources. In the Republic of Palau, a small Pacific island country, three major land-use activities—construction, fires, and agriculture— have increased sediment delivery to important estuarine and coastal habitats (i.e., rivers, mangroves, coral reefs) over the past 30 years. This project examines the predictive capacity of an ecosystem services model, Natural Capital Project's InVEST, for sediment delivery using historic land-use and coral geochemical analysis. These refined model projections are used to assess ecosystem services tradeoffs under different future land development and management scenarios. Coral cores (20-41cm in length) were sampled along a high-to-low sedimentation gradient (i.e., near major rivers (high-impact) and ocean (low-impact)) in Micronesia's largest estuary, Ngeremeduu Bay. Isotopic indicators of seasonality (δ18O and δ13C values (% VPDB)) were used to construct the age model for each core. Barium, Manganese, and Yttrium were used as trace metal proxies for sedimentation and measured in each core using a laser ablation ICP-MS. Finally, the Natural Capital Project's InVEST sediment delivery model was paired with Geospatial data to examine the drivers of sediment delivery (i.e., construction, farms and fires) within these two watersheds. A thirty-year record of trace metal to calcium ratios in coral skeletons show a peak in sedimentation during 2006 and 2007, and in 2012. These results suggest historic peaks in sediment delivery correlating to large-scale road construction and support previous findings that Ngeremeduu Bay has reached a tipping point of retaining sediment. Natural Capital's project In

  4. Compact intra-cavity pumped low-threshold passively Q-switched Ho:Sc2SiO5 laser by a LD-pumped Tm:YAP laser at room temperature

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xiao-tao; Xie, Wen-qiang; Liu, Long; Li, Lin-jun

    2017-08-01

    A compact intra-cavity pumped low-threshold passively Q-switched (PQS) Ho:Sc2SiO5 (Ho:SSO) laser is reported for the first time. The Tm:YAlO3 (Tm:YAP) crystal and the Ho:SSO crystal are placed in the same laser cavity. A laser diode with a central wavelength of 793 nm is used to realize the output of the Ho:SSO laser. Both the continuous wave (CW) and PQS operation are investigated. A Cr2+:ZnSe is used as the saturable absorber in the PQS Ho:SSO laser. For the CW mode, the laser threshold is only 750 mW, which is 980 mW in the PQS mode. A maximum pulse energy of 699 µJ is primarily obtained, corresponding to the pulse width of 96 ns. The maximum repetition frequency is 1.46 kHz. The maximum pulse peak power can be calculated to be 7.28 kW. The beam quality factor M 2 is calculated to be 1.4 with the maximum output power.

  5. Postmodern Roman’da Anlatıcı, Zaman ve Mekân Yapısı Narrator, Time and Space Structure of Postmodern Novel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gamze ÖZOT

    2012-09-01

    are given to reader and it is -expected from the reader to create rest of it in the mind. The space socalled“hyper space” by postmodernists is variable in postmodernnovels; it can not demonstrate a clear stance. Metinlerarasılık ve üstkurmaca tekniklerinin sıkça kullanıldığı, modern romanlardakinin aksine özneye değil de söylemin kendisine odaklanan, tarihi gerçeklerle kurguyu iç içe vererek tarihten yararlanan postmodern roman sıra dışı kurgusuyla dikkatleri üzerine çekmeyi başarır. Postmodern romanda anlatıcı, mekân ve zaman yapıları modern roman ve yansıtmacı romana göre ilginç farklılıklar gösterir. Postmodern romanın yazarı çoğul anlatıcı tekniğiyle okuru şaşırtırken, “hyper mekân” yapısının değişkenliği ve bir arada verilmiş farklı zaman dilimlerinin yapısıyla okuyucuyu alışık olmadığı bir âlemin içinde tek başına bırakır. Postmodern romanda anlatıcı oldukça etkin bir rol üstlenir. Figüratif kadronun önemli bir elemanı olabileceği gibi kurgunun yazılım aşamasına müdahale etmesi de söz konusudur. Sık sık fikir beyan eder ve adeta romanı yönlendirir. Postmodern romanın anlatıcısı bu yönüyle okuyucuyu peşinden sürükler, meraklandırır ve kimi zaman da gülümsetir. Postmodern romanlarda çizgisel, kronolojik zaman kullanımının çoğunlukla kırılmaya çalışıldığı gözlemlenir. “Şimdi”nin, anında aktarmanın belirgin bir şekilde öne çıktığı postmodern romanlarda zaman klasik ve modern tarzdaki romanlara oranla önemsizleştirilmiştir. Zamana ait birimler, yani nesnel zaman -gün, ay, yıl...- postmodern romanlarda ya karmaşıklaştırılır ya kronolojisi altüst edilerek kullanılır ya da üstü örtük, belirsiz bir şekilde verilir. Bununla birlikte postmodern romanda, metnin yazılış zamanı ile kurgunun zamanı koşut kılınabilir. Daha somut bir ifadeyle metnin yazılma süreci, okuyucunun o anda elinde tuttuğu romanın ana

  6. The United States Army Medical Department Journal, July-September 2009

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-09-01

    including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Helicobactor pylori, Vibrio cholerae , and rotavirus,3-11 as shown...of houseflies (Musca domestica) in the transmission of Vibrio cholerae in India. Acta Tropica. 2001;78:31-34. 11. Tan SW, Yap KL, Lee HL. Mechanical...northeastern Mexico . J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2001;17(2):93-97. 22. Cohnstaedt LW, Gillen JI, Munstermann LE. Light- emitting diode technology improves

  7. A network of paralogous stress response transcription factors in the human pathogen Candida glabrata.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jawad eMerhej

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The yeast Candida glabrata has become the second cause of systemic candidemia in humans. However, relatively few genome-wide studies have been conducted in this organism and our knowledge of its transcriptional regulatory network is quite limited. In the present work, we combined genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq, transcriptome analyses and DNA binding motif predictions to describe the regulatory interactions of the seven Yap (Yeast AP1 transcription factors of C. glabrata. We described a transcriptional network containing 255 regulatory interactions and 309 potential target genes. We predicted with high confidence the preferred DNA binding sites for 5 of the 7 CgYaps and showed a strong conservation of the Yap DNA binding properties between S. cerevisiae and C. glabrata. We provided reliable functional annotation for 3 of the 7 Yaps and identified for Yap1 and Yap5 a core regulon which is conserved in S. cerevisiae, C. glabrata and C. albicans. We uncovered new roles for CgYap7 in the regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, for CgYap1 in the regulation of heme biosynthesis and for CgYap5 in the repression of GRX4 in response to iron starvation. These transcription factors define an interconnected transcriptional network at the cross-roads between redox homeostasis, oxygen consumption and iron metabolism.

  8. Expression features and prognostic significance of Yes-associated protein in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    WANG Chun

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CC and its association with clinical prognosis. MethodsSamples were collected from 190 patients who were treated in The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from July 2004 to July 2009, among whom 110 had HCC and 80 had CC. The difference in YAP expression and its association were analyzed in both groups, and patients′ prognosis was compared between the two groups. The chi-square test was used to investigate the association between YAP expression and clinicopathological features of HCC and CC, and the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used to assess tumor-free survival rate and overall survival rate. A univariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of YAP expression on the prognosis of patients with HCC and CC. ResultsThe CC group had higher expression of YAP than the HCC group (68.7% vs 56.3%, P=0.036. High YAP expression in HCC and CC was significantly associated with tumor size (P<0.001 and P=0.024, alpha fetoprotein (P=0.009 and 0034, liver cirrhosis (P=0032 and 0.006, vascular invasion (P=0.011 and 0.028, and intrahepatic metastasis (P=0.049 and 0030. In both groups, the patients with high YAP expression had significantly lower tumor-free survival rate and overall survival rate than those with low YAP expression(all P<005. Multivariate analysis showed that high YAP expression is an adverse prognostic factor for tumor-free survival and overall survival in both groups (all P<005. ConclusionHigh YAP expression is frequently found in patients with HCC and CC, and high YAP expression is associated with low survival rate.

  9. Micronesian mangrove forest structure and tree responses to a severe typhoon

    Science.gov (United States)

    J. Boone Kauffman; Thomas G. Cole

    2010-01-01

    Tropical cyclones are common disturbances that have strong effects on mangrove composition and structure. Because there are numerous ecosystem services provided by mangroves, it is important to understand their adaptations and responses to these climatic events. In April 2004, Typhoon Sudal, a category 3-4 cyclone, passed over the state of Yap, Federated States of...

  10. Formation and microstructure of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAG eutectic ceramics by phase transformation from metastable system to equilibrium system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nagira, Tomoya; Yasuda, Hideyuki; Yoshiya, Masato [Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan)], E-mail: nagira@ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp

    2009-05-01

    Unidirectionally solidified Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAG(Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}: yttrium-aluminum-garnet) eutectic ceramic composites have been recognized as encouraging heat-resistance materials because of the superior mechanical properties at high temperatures. In addition to the excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, some interesting solidification phenomena have been reported in the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} system. The Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAG equilibrium eutectic at 2099 K and the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAP metastable eutectic at 1975 K exist in the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} system. The heating the metastable eutectic up to temperatures above the metastable eutectic temperature produced the undercooled melt. Solidification in the equilibrium path accompanied the melting of the metastable eutectic. The solidification process using undercooled melt resulted in the fine and uniform eutectic structure. In this study, the effect of the initial Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAP particles size on the undercooled melt formation was examined. The Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAP particles with diameters more than several {mu}m resulted in the transformation through the undercooled melt. EBSD analysis showed that the domains of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} grains with same crystallographic orientation were observed and that their domain size depended on the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAP particles size. On the other hand, for the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAP particles with a diameter of 500 nm, the each Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} grain with diameter of about 1 {mu}m had the different crystallographic orientations, which suggested that the transformation from metastable eutectic to equilibrium eutectic occurred in the solid state. The increase in the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-YAP free surface area suppressed the undercooled melt formation.

  11. Devre Mülkün Hukuki Yapısı ve Tapuya Kayıt Sistemi: Kızılcahamam Örneği

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. Feza YILMAM MENDEŞ

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada; çağımızın en büyük gereksinimlerinden, dinlenme ve tatil ihtiyacını daha makul fiyatlarla gidermek için tercih edilebilir iyi bir alternatif olan devre mülkün, hukuki niteliği ve Türkiye uygulamasında devre mülkün tapu sicilinde kayıt altına alınması örnek olay üzerinden incelenip, kayıt işlemlerinin daha etkin yapılabilmesi yönünde önerilerde bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Öneriler, tapu kütüğü defterinin daha etkin kullanılması, işlemlerin kolaylaştırılması, bunun sonucunda işlemsel hata payının en düşük seviyeye indirgenmesi, taşınmazın devre mülk olarak kullanılmasından dolayı ortaya çıkan değer artışının kayıt altına alınması ve bu artı değerin vergilenmesi yönünde olarak sıralanabilir.

  12. Mersin Bölgesinde Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Bazı Akvaryum Balıkları (POECİLİDAE'nda Rastlanılan Lernea cyprinaceae (Linnaeus, 1758 Enfeksiyonu.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Erkin Koyuncu

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırma Nisan - Ağustos 2002 tarihleri arasında Mersin Bölgesi’nde bir akvaryum işletmesinde Poecilidae familyasına ait balıklarda görülen ani ölümlerin nedenini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Balıkların deri, yüzgeç ve solungaç dokularından alınan parazitler laboratuvarda incelenmesi sonucunda ölümlere neden olan etmenin Lernaea cyprinacea (Linnaeus, 1758 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada 110 adet balık incelenmiş olup, bunlardan 49 adetinin parazit ile enfeste olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca parazitin morfolojik özellikleri ve balıklarda oluşturduğu semptomlar incelenmiştir. Balıklar Kloramin T (10 ppm / 1 saat / 3 gün kullanılarak tedavi edilmiştir

  13. Targeting loss of the Hippo signaling pathway in NF2-deficient papillary kidney cancers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ricketts, Christopher J.; Wei, Darmood; Yang, Youfeng; Baranes, Sarah M.; Gibbs, Benjamin K.; Ohanjanian, Lernik; Spencer Krane, L.; Scroggins, Bradley T.; Keith Killian, J.; Wei, Ming-Hui; Kijima, Toshiki; Meltzer, Paul S.; Citrin, Deborah E.; Neckers, Len; Vocke, Cathy D.; Marston Linehan, W.

    2018-01-01

    Papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCC) are a histologically and genetically heterogeneous group of tumors that represent 15–20% of all kidney neoplasms and may require diverse therapeutic approaches. Alteration of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene, encoding a key regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, is observed in 22.5% of PRCC. The Hippo signaling pathway controls cell proliferation by regulating the transcriptional activity of Yes-Associated Protein, YAP1. Loss of NF2 results in aberrant YAP1 activation. The Src family kinase member Yes also regulates YAP1 transcriptional activity. This study investigated the importance of YAP and Yes activity in three NF2-deficient PRCC cell lines. NF2-deficency correlated with increased expression of YAP1 transcriptional targets and siRNA-based knockdown of YAP1 and Yes1 downregulated this pathway and dramatically reduced cell viability. Dasatinib and saracatinib have potent inhibitory effects on Yes and treatment with either resulted in downregulation of YAP1 transcription targets, reduced cell viability, and G0-G1 cell cycle arrest. Xenograft models for NF2-deficient PRCC also demonstrated reduced tumor growth in response to dasatinib. Thus, inhibiting Yes and the subsequent transcriptional activity of YAP1 had a substantial anti-tumor cell effect both in vitro and in vivo and may provide a viable therapeutic approach for patients with NF2-deficient PRCC. PMID:29535838

  14. [Polymorphism of DYS287 on Y chromosome in 28 ethnic populations of China].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yang; Chu, Jia-you; Yu, Jian-kun; Yu, Liang; Sun, Hao; Lin, Ke-qin; Tao, Yu-fen; Shi, Lei; Huang, Xiao-qin; Shi, Tie-liu; Fu, Song-bin

    2006-04-01

    To investigate the polymorphism of DYS287 among 28 ethnic populations in 9 provinces of China. YAP element was detected by Touchdown PCR amplification and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. YAP+ frequencies in these ethnic populations were as follows: Zang 36.7%, Tu 23.8%, Yi 18.4%, Pumi 11.3%, Tajik 7.4%, Bai 6.7%, Jino 5.1%, Shandong Han 4%, Mulao 2.7%, and Maonan 1.3%. The rest ethnic populations in our study, including Gansu Han, Yunnan Han, Zhuangzu, Daizu, Lizu, Nuzu, Lisu, Naxi, Lahu, Dulong, Hani, Shezu, Weiwuer, Sala, Kerkizi, Dongxiang, Vazu, and Korea didn't carry YAP + element. Zangzu, Tuzu, Yizu, Pumi, Jino, and Baizu, which belong to Sino-Tibetan language family, carry a high YAP + frequency. Sala, Tuzu, and Tajik, regarded as Central Asia by origin in history and linguistics, also have a high YAP + frequency. Mulao and Maonan, which origin from "Baiyue" ancient ethnic groups, also have a considerable YAP + frequency.

  15. Risk factors for mortality during the 2002 landslides in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sanchez, Carlos; Lee, Tze-San; Young, Stacy; Batts, Dahna; Benjamin, Jefferson; Malilay, Josephine

    2009-10-01

    This study examines health effects resulting from landslides in Chuuk during Tropical Storm Chata'an in July 2002, and suggests strategies to prevent future mortality. In August 2002, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to identify risk factors for mortality during landslides, which included 52 survivors and 40 surrogates for 43 decedents to identify risk factors for death. Findings suggest that 1) females had a higher mortality rate from this event than males, and 2) children aged 5-14 years had a 10-fold increase in mortality when compared with annual mortality rates from all causes. Awareness of landslides occurring elsewhere and knowledge of natural warning signs were significantly associated with lower risks of death; being outside during landslides was not associated with reduced mortality. In Chuuk, improving communication systems during tropical storms and increasing knowledge of natural warnings can reduce the risk for mortality during landslides.

  16. Yes-associated protein/TEA domain family member and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α) repress reciprocally to regulate hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Wang-Yu; Lin, Ling-Yun; Hao, Han; Zhang, Sai-Man; Ma, Fei; Hong, Xin-Xin; Zhang, Hui; Liu, Qing-Feng; Ye, Guo-Dong; Sun, Guang-Bin; Liu, Yun-Jia; Li, Sheng-Nan; Xie, Yuan-Yuan; Cai, Jian-Chun; Li, Bo-An

    2017-04-01

    Great progress has been achieved in the study of Hippo signaling in regulating tumorigenesis; however, the downstream molecular events that mediate this process have not been completely defined. Moreover, regulation of Hippo signaling during tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we systematically investigated the relationship between Yes-associated protein/TEA domain family member (YAP-TEAD) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α) in the hepatocarcinogenesis of HCC cells. Our results indicated that HNF4α expression was negatively regulated by YAP1 in HCC cells by a ubiquitin proteasome pathway. By contrast, HNF4α was found to directly associate with TEAD4 to compete with YAP1 for binding to TEAD4, thus inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP-TEAD and expression of their target genes. Moreover, overexpression of HNF4α was found to significantly compromise YAP-TEAD-induced HCC cell proliferation and stem cell expansion. Finally, we documented the regulatory mechanism between YAP-TEAD and HNF4α in rat and mouse tumor models, which confirmed our in vitro results. There is a double-negative feedback mechanism that controls TEAD-YAP and HNF4α expression in vitro and in vivo, thereby regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation. Given that YAP acts as a dominant oncogene in HCC and plays a crucial role in stem cell homeostasis and tissue regeneration, manipulating the interaction between YAP, TEADs, and HNF4α may provide a new approach for HCC treatment and regenerative medicine. (Hepatology 2017;65:1206-1221). © 2016 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

  17. Sağlık politikaları ile meslek ahlakı arasında ilişki var mı? Bursa Tabip Odası’na yapılan başvurular örneğinde bir değerlendirme

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kayıhan Pala

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Amaç:Hekimlik pratiğine dair meslek örgütüne yansıyan ihlal iddialarını ve belirleyenlerini incelemektir. Yöntem:Araştırma, Bursa Tabip Odası (BTO Yönetim Kurulu’nun 1991-2014 yılları arasındaki tüm kayıtlarının, Onur Kurulu dosyalarının ve bilgisayar kayıtlarının taranmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bulgular:İncelenen dönemde BTO’ya yapılan 593 başvuruda toplam 623 ihlal iddiası bulunmaktadır. İhlal iddialarının %46.2’si Onur Kurulu’na iletilmiş ve %29.5’ine yaptırım uygulanmasına karar verilmiştir. Başvurular en çok hasta, hasta yakını ya da hastanın vekili tarafından yapılmıştır (%34.1. Hakkında başvuru yapılan hekimlerin %75.7’si uzman,  %23.3’ü pratisyen, %1.0’i asistan hekimdir. En sık üç ihlal iddiası sırasıyla; tanıtım kurallarının ihlali, haksız kazanç/rekabete aykırılık (%24.8, tıbbi uygulama hatası (%21.4 ve gerçek dışı belge/rapor düzenlemektir (%18.2. ‘Gerçek dışı belge/rapor düzenlemek’, ‘Hasta haklarına saygısızlık’ ve ‘Aracılık, yönlendirme, çıkar ilişkisi’ eylemlerinin Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı (SDP sonrasında anlamlı derecede arttığı saptanmıştır. Zorunlu Mesleki Sorumluluk Sigortası sonrasında tıbbi uygulama hatası iddialarının sayısında ve bu iddia sonucunda yaptırıma uğratılan hekim sayısında anlamlı bir artış saptanmamıştır. Sonuç:Bu çalışma ile hekimlik uygulamalarına dair meslek ahlakı ihlallerini anlayabilmek ve sorunları saptayabilmek açısından önemli çıkarımlar elde edilmiş, bulgular SDP ile uygulamaya konulan politikaların mesleki yükümlülüklerin yaşama geçirilmesini güçleştirebileceği yönünde yorumlanmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler:Hekim, meslek ahlakı, etik, tabip odası, onur kurulu

  18. Expression Analysis of the Hippo Cascade Indicates a Role in Pituitary Stem Cell Development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emily J Lodge

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The pituitary gland is a primary endocrine organ that controls major physiological processes. Abnormal development or homeostatic disruptions can lead to human disorders such as hypopituitarism or tumours. Multiple signalling pathways, including WNT, BMP, FGF and SHH regulate pituitary development but the role of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ cascade is currently unknown. In multiple tissues, the Hippo kinase cascade underlies neoplasias; it influences organ size through the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis, and has roles in determining stem cell potential. We have used a sensitive mRNA in situ hybridisation method (RNAscope to determine the expression patterns of the Hippo pathway components during mouse pituitary development. We have also carried out immunolocalisation studies to determine when YAP1 and TAZ, the transcriptional effectors of the Hippo pathway, are active. We find that YAP1/TAZ are active in the stem/progenitor cell population throughout development and at postnatal stages, consistent with their role in promoting the stem cell state. Our results demonstrate for the first time the collective expression of major components of the Hippo pathway during normal embryonic and postnatal development of the pituitary gland.

  19. Alpha spectroscopy by the Φ25 mm×0.1 mm YAlO.sub.3./sub.:Ce scintillation detector under atmospheric conditions

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kvasnička, J.; Urban, T.; Tous, J.; Šmejkal, J.; Blazek, K.; Nikl, Martin

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 856, Jun (2017), s. 72-76 ISSN 0168-9002 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : alpha spectroscopy * YAP:Ce * scintillator * Monte Carlo * radon daughters Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism OBOR OECD: Condensed matter physics (including formerly solid state physics, supercond.) Impact factor: 1.362, year: 2016

  20. The comparative insecticidal and residual efficacy of sniper and ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Otoigiakih

    Chemical control is still the main approach for urban pest control (Castle et al., 1999; Rozendaal, 1997; Marrs,. 1993; Lee and Yap, 2003; Tidwell et al., 1994). The use of insecticides is seen as the most effective tool in cockroach control program (WHO, 1996; Chavasse and. Yap, 1997; Lee and Yap, 2003; Tidwell et al., ...

  1. A Novel Protocol Proposal for Integratıon of SIP Based Telephony Services To IPTV System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hasan YÜKSELTEN

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, oturum başlatma protokolü (SIP tabanlı çağrı sunucusuyla sağlanan telefon servislerinin IPTV sistemiyle bütünleşmesini sağlayacak yeni bir mimari yapı önerilmiş ve bu amaca yönelik yeni bir protokol (Bağımsız Bildirim Protokolü tasarlanarak geliştirilen mimari yapının avantajları incelenmiştir. Önerilen mimari yapı ve bunu destekleyen protokoller, bildirim mimarisinde arabirim katmanına (middleware olan gereksinimi ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Böylece, bildirim mimari yapısı bir katman azaltılmakta, arabirim katmanına olan bağımlılık sona ermekte, her türlü arabirim katmanı ile bildirim mimarisi kurulabilmektedir. Geliştirilen mimari yapı ve protokolün testleri sonucunda, bildirim bant genişliğinin, mevcut bildirim mimari yapılarındakinin %10’una kadar düştüğü ve önerilen mimari yapının başarılı bir şekilde çalıştığı görülmüştür.

  2. Zika virus infections in pregnancy: epidemics and case management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fatih sahiner

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Zika virus is an RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, and is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Only a small number of cases had been described until 2007 when the first major Zika virus outbreak occurred on Yap Island, Micronesia. Approximately 80% of people infected with Zika virus do not exhibit any symptoms. Symptomatic infections are generally moderate and characterized by acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis. The virus has recently attracted a broad interest due to the emerging cases of microcephaly that are possibly associated with mothers infected by the Zika virus during pregnancy, and the regional increases in the incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome during the epidemic periods. Although the relationship between Zika virus infection and these abnormalities is not obviously understood yet, Zika virus testing is recommended for infants with microcephaly or intracranial calcifications whose mothers were potentially infected with the Zika virus during pregnancy. Every day, new reports are being published about the outbreaks associated with this virus; nevertheless, no new cases of this virus have been reported in Turkey. Despite this, we cannot currently exclude the possibility of the encounter with the virus because of the presence of Aedes mosquitoes, which are responsible for the spread of the virus, are prevalent in Turkey, and an increasing number of travel-related cases are being reported from different countries. In the light of the current knowledge on this virus, this review aims to discuss the course of Zika virus infections in detail, especially congenital infection, and presenting current information about the case management and preventive measures. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(1.000: 143-151

  3. Hippo pathway effectors control cardiac progenitor cell fate by acting as dynamic sensors of substrate mechanics and nanostructure

    KAUST Repository

    Mosqueira, Diogo

    2014-03-25

    Stem cell responsiveness to extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and mechanical cues has been the subject of a number of investigations so far, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell mechano-biology still need full clarification. Here we demonstrate that the paralog proteins YAP and TAZ exert a crucial role in adult cardiac progenitor cell mechano-sensing and fate decision. Cardiac progenitors respond to dynamic modifications in substrate rigidity and nanopattern by promptly changing YAP/TAZ intracellular localization. We identify a novel activity of YAP and TAZ in the regulation of tubulogenesis in 3D environments and highlight a role for YAP/TAZ in cardiac progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, we show that YAP/TAZ expression is triggered in the heart cells located at the infarct border zone. Our results suggest a fundamental role for the YAP/TAZ axis in the response of resident progenitor cells to the modifications in microenvironment nanostructure and mechanics, thereby contributing to the maintenance of myocardial homeostasis in the adult heart. These proteins are indicated as potential targets to control cardiac progenitor cell fate by materials design. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

  4. Bir Yeşil İguana'da {İguana iguana) Saptanan Peritonitle Beraber Seyreden Oxyurid Enfestasyonu

    OpenAIRE

    KOENHEMSİ, Lora; ULUTAŞ ESATGİL, Meltem; BAYRAKAL, Alper; ERDOĞAN, Özge; GÖNÜL, Remzi

    2013-01-01

    ÖZETBu olgunun materyalini halsizlik ve iştahsızlık şikayeti ile kliniğimize getirilen 18 aylık bir iguana oluşturdu. Yapılan klinik muayene ve radyolojik incelemeler sonucunda toraks ve sölomda sıvı toplanması saptandı. Hastada yapılan aspirasyon biyopsisi sonucunda yapılan sitolojik incelemede peritonit olduğu tespit edildi. Diğer taraftan dışkısında mukus görülmesi şikayeti nedeniyle yapılan parazitolojik incelemede Pharyngodonidae ailesinden: Alaeuris sp. veya Ozolamius sp. cinslerinden h...

  5. DEPREM KÖKENLİ DEFORMASYON YAPILARI VE DEPREM BÜYÜKLÜKLERİ İLE İLİŞKİLERİ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Savaş TOPAL

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available Sismit olarak da adlandırılan deprem kökenli deformasyon yapıları, bir bölgenin paleosismik tarihçesini aydınlatmada ve o bölgede gelecekte karşılaşılabilecek olası deprem büyüklükleri hakkında önemli ip uçları verebilir. Sismitler bu makalede, derin ve sığ göl çökellerinde oluşan tiplerine göre incelenmiştir. Sismitler, göl kıyısı çökellerinde kum daykları, sokulum yapmış ve kırılmış çakıllar ve yastık yapıları şeklinde gözlenirken, derin göl çökellerinde ise yalancı yumrular, mantarımsı yapılar, karışmış tabakalar, bozulmuş varv laminaları ve ilmeksi tabakalanma yapısı olarak görülür. Deprem kökenli deformasyon yapıları, daha önce yapılan çalışmalardan yararlanılarak, göl çökellerindeki oluşumlarına ve deprem büyüklüklerine göre bir sıralama yapılarak verilmiştir. Bu sıralamaya göre, çökellerde en düşük deprem büyüklüğünün kaydı ilmeksi tabakalanma yapıları, en büyük deprem büyüklüğünün kaydı ise sokulum yapmış ve kırılmış çakıl yapılarıdır.

  6. Effects of the Compact of Free Association on Sovereignty in the Federated States of Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-06-01

    Chapter III showed how emigration could reduce ecological impacts and resource pressure in islands, while allowing the relatively free flow of money...for an influx of foreign labor to replace COFA migrants. Regardless of their work ethic and contribution to diversity, these workers will have an...impact on the ecology and infrastructure without being required to assimilate into the Micronesian culture and value system. Nor will they be

  7. 77 FR 26734 - Notice of Intent To Extend a Currently Approved Information Collection

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-05-07

    ... American Samoa, Guam, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The objectives of... practices; (2) youth group participants; and (3) staff. NEERS consists of separate software sub-systems for...

  8. Geleneksel Anlatı Formları Olarak Mesnevîler ve Klâsik Aşk Mesnevîlerinin Motif Yapısı In Traditional Narrative Forms Mathnavies And Structure Motif Of Classic Love Mathnavies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Timuçin AYKANAT

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Text term can be generally described as written or verbal expressions. The texts that have an aesthetic and artistic value are called as literary texts. A literary text, carry its artistic work name in accordance with its artistic value. Artistic works mostly called differently due to creation era and form of creation. Classical mathnavi and modern novels, although they do not overlap exactly, are typical examples of this situation. The common feature of almost all artistic works comes from their being of narrative texts and these texts have fictional-narrative quality. Almost all fictional-narrative texts areconstructed by the knitting of different motifs in the hands of theirauthors. Although a text is knitted with lots of different motifs comingtogether, different works in the same context can use the same commonmotifs. Thus, different works emerge that have similar motif and plotbut different in accordance with their creators’ quantitative andqualitative characteristics. The commonality of this kind of texts,provide them to have an intertextual context. This study, investigateseighteen binary love mathnavi which have satisfied the narrative need ofhumanity for eras and have a place for themselves in the traditionalnarrative forms. Building upon this investigation, this study; has someevaluations on mathnavi as a traditional narrative form, searches formotifs that knit classical love mathnavi for their plot and emphasizesthe context that these texts construct. Metin ifâdesi, genel bir yaklaşımla yazılı ya da sözlü ibâreler şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Estetik beğeni ve sanatsal kaygı taşıyan metinler, edebî metinler olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Bir edebî metin, sanatsal kıymeti nispetinde, sanat yapıtı adını alır. Sanat yapıtları ise, oluşturulduğu çağ ve oluşturulma şekline göre, çoğu defa farklı adlandırılır. Klâsik mesnevîler ve modern romanlar; her ne kadar bire bir örtüşmeseler de bunun en tipik

  9. LIM-domain protein AJUBA suppresses malignant mesothelioma cell proliferation via Hippo signaling cascade.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tanaka, I; Osada, H; Fujii, M; Fukatsu, A; Hida, T; Horio, Y; Kondo, Y; Sato, A; Hasegawa, Y; Tsujimura, T; Sekido, Y

    2015-01-02

    Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is one of the most aggressive neoplasms usually associated with asbestos exposure and is highly refractory to current therapeutic modalities. MMs show frequent activation of a transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is attributed to the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-Hippo pathway dysfunction, leading to deregulated cell proliferation and acquisition of a malignant phenotype. However, the whole mechanism of disordered YAP activation in MMs has not yet been well clarified. In the present study, we investigated various components of the NF2-Hippo pathway, and eventually found that MM cells frequently showed downregulation of LIM-domain protein AJUBA, a binding partner of large tumor suppressor type 2 (LATS2), which is one of the last-step kinases of the NF2-Hippo pathway. Although loss of AJUBA expression was independent of the alteration status of other Hippo pathway components, MM cell lines with AJUBA inactivation showed a more dephosphorylated (activated) level of YAP. Immunohistochemical analysis showed frequent downregulation of AJUBA in primary MMs, which was associated with YAP constitutive activation. We found that AJUBA transduction into MM cells significantly suppressed promoter activities of YAP-target genes, and the suppression of YAP activity by AJUBA was remarkably canceled by knockdown of LATS2. In connection with these results, transduction of AJUBA-expressing lentivirus significantly inhibited the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of the MM cells that harbored ordinary LATS family expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that AJUBA negatively regulates YAP activity through the LATS family, and inactivation of AJUBA is a novel key mechanism in MM cell proliferation.

  10. Emanuel Sendromu

    OpenAIRE

    M, Kazandı; V, Turan; B, Zeybek; A, rgon

    2010-01-01

    35 yaşında daha önceden 1 aylık spontan abortusu bulunan ve miad sezaryen doğum ile 3300gr sağlıklı çocuğu olan hastada şimdiki gebeliğinde yapılan 2. düzey taramasında ; nukal foldda kalınlaşma, diafragma hernisi, komplet endokardial yastık defekti ve trunkus arteriosis saptanması üzerine amniosentez yapıldı ve gebelik sonlandırılmasına gidildi. Misoprostol 200mg 6x1 uygulandı. Yapılan genetik incelemede 47, .. , +der(22) t(11,22) (q25;q13) saptandı. Aileye yapılan kromozom analizinde an...

  11. 32 CFR 728.52 - Veterans Administration beneficiaries (VAB).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... of policy and administration which cannot be so resolved will be forwarded, through the normal chain... MTFs: (i) In the Trust Territory of the Pacific (Micronesia), VA Office, Honolulu, Hawaii. (ii) In the...

  12. Beta D Galaktosidaz Enzimi Kullanılarak Yapılan Yoğurtların Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine bir Araştırma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Seval Kırdar

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada yoğurt üretiminde kullanılan β D Galaktosidaz enzim preparatının ürün kalite kriterleri üzerine olan etkileri incelen­miştir. 0.1, 0,2 ve 0,3 ml/lt  enzim ilave edilerek yaklaşık % 30, 50, 70 ve 90 laktoz hidrolizasyonu sağlanmıştır. Enzimin süte ilavesiyle ha­zırlanan yoğurtların pıhtılaşma süresi, depolama sürecinde l. ve 14.günlerde konsistens, titrasyon asitliği, asetaldehit ve tirozin değerleri sap­tanmış ve duyusal değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Laktoz hidrotizasyonunun pıhtılaşma süreleri üzerine kısaltıcı etkisi önemli, titrasyon asitliği ve konsistens değerleri üzerine olan etki­si ise önemsiz bulunmuştur. Enzimle işlem görmüş örneklerin 1. günde asetaldehit ve tirozin değerlerinde artış meydana gelmiştir. Depolama sürecinde tirozin değerleri artarken, asetaldehit miktarları azalmıştır. Toplam duyusal değerlendirmelerde ise panelistler % 50 (A ve % 70 (B hidrolizasyon sağlanan örnekleri daha çok beğenmişlerdir.

  13. Çapalı Gölü (Afyon Makrobentik Omurgasızlarının Taban Yapısı ve Su Kalitesine Bağlı Olarak Dağılımı.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ö. Osman Ertan

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Temmuz 2000 ve Haziran 2001 tarihleri arasında yapılan bu çalışmada, Çapalı Gölü’nün bazı su kalitesi parametreleri ile makrobentik omurgasızlarının dağılım ve yoğunluğu ikişer ay arayla, bir yıl boyunca izlenmiştir. Kaynak suyu özelliği gösteren I. istasyonda Theodoxus anatolicus (Recluz, 1841, Graecoanatolica tenuis (Radoman, 1943 (Gastropoda ve Trichoptera larvaları yoğun olarak bulunurken; mezotrofik ve ötrofik özellik gösteren II. ve III. istasyonlarda makrobentik organizma çeşitliliği ve yoğunluğunun çok düşük düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ötrofik-hiperötrofik özellikte olan IV. istasyonda ise Chironomus larvaları (Diptera, Tubifex sp. (Oligochaeta ve Asellus aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758 (Isopoda yoğun olarak belirlenmiştir

  14. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Protects Retinal Ganglion Cell From Optic Nerve Injury Induced Apoptosis via Yes Associated Protein

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jia-Xing Zhou

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS has been used in clinical studies. But little is known about its effects on the central nervous system (CNS, or its mechanism of action. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs are CNS neuronal cells that can be utilized as a classic model system to evaluate outcomes of LIPUS protection from external trauma-induced retinal injury. In this study, we aim to: (1 determine the pulse energy and the capability of LIPUS in RGC viability, (2 ascertain the protective role of LIPUS in optic nerve (ON crush-induced retinal injury, and 3 explore the cellular mechanisms of RGC apoptosis prevention by LIPUS.Methods: An ON crush model was set up to induce RGC death. LIPUS was used to treat mice eyes daily, and the retina samples were dissected for immunostaining and Western blot. The expression of yes-associated protein (YAP and apoptosis-related proteins was detected by immunostaining and Western blot in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis of RGCs was evaluated by TUNEL staining, the survival of RGCs and retained axons were labeled by Fluoro-gold and Tuj1 antibody, respectively. Rotenone was used to set up an in vitro cellular degenerative model and siYAP was used to interfering the expression of YAP to detect the LIPUS protective function.Results: LIPUS protected RGC from loss and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The ratio of cleaved/pro-caspase3 also decreased significantly under LIPUS treatment. As a cellular mechanical sensor, YAP expression increased and YAP translocated to nucleus in LIPUS stimulation group, however, phospho-YAP was found to be decreased. When YAP was inhibited, the LIPUS could not protect RGC from caspase3-dependent apoptosis.Conclusion: LIPUS prevented RGCs from apoptosis in an ON crush model and in vitro cellular degenerative model, which indicates a potential treatment for further traumatic ON injury. The mechanism of protection is dependent on YAP activation and correlated with caspase-3 signaling.

  15. Symptoms with betel nut and betel nut with tobacco among Micronesian youth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Milgrom, Peter; Tut, Ohnmar K; Gallen, Marcelle; Mancl, Lloyd; Spillane, Nichea; Chi, Donald L; Ramsay, Douglas S

    2016-02-01

    Betel nut has been stated to be addictive, but evidence is lacking. This study describes dependence symptoms among adolescents using betel alone or with tobacco. In the first study, participants were 151 9th graders in Saipan. In the second study, participants were 269 9th graders in Pohnpei and Yap. Participants completed a confidential questionnaire adapted from the U.S. National Survey of Drug Use and Health, which measured dependence symptoms. The 15 items were summed to form a scale, with a range of 0-15, where higher scores indicated greater endorsement of dependence symptoms. In the first study, 39.1% had used betel. More than two-thirds of all users (69.5%) used betel in the previous month: 87.8% also used tobacco with the betel. The mean (SD) dependence symptoms scale score among tobacco users was 8.2±4.0 versus 3.4±2.9 among those who used betel alone [t(7)=3.3, p=0.015]. In the second study, 38% from Pohnpei and 85% from Yap had used betel and most of the current users used it in the previous month (67% from Pohnpei, 91% from Yap). Among those who had used betel in the previous month, 90% from Pohnpei and 64% from Yap were using betel with tobacco. The dependence score was positively associated with frequency of tobacco use (e.g., mean (SD)=11.3 (±2.4) among most frequent users versus a mean (SD)=4.8 (±3.5) among the never users [F(3109)=28.8, pBetel nut users who also use tobacco may benefit from tobacco cessation strategies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. miR-30e-5p and miR-15a Synergistically Regulate Fatty Acid Metabolism in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells via LRP6 and YAP1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhi Chen

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available MicroRNA (miRNA regulates the expression of genes and influences a series of biological processes, including fatty acid metabolism. We screened the expression of miRNA in goat mammary glands during peak-lactation and non-lactating (“dry” periods, and performed an in vitro study with goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC prior to sequencing analysis. Results illustrated that miR-30e-5p and miR-15a were highly expressed. Utilizing a luciferase reporter assay and Western blot, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6 and Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1 genes were demonstrated to be a target of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in GMEC. Moreover, we demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in GMEC promoted fat metabolism while their knockdown impaired fat metabolism. These findings extend the discovery of a key role of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in mediating adipocyte differentiation by suggesting a role in promoting milk fat synthesis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that miR-30e-5p, together with miR-15a, represses expression of LRP6 and promotes fat metabolism in GMEC. The data expanded our knowledge on the function of miRNAs in milk fat metabolism and synthesis in ruminant mammary cells.

  17. A Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter-Mediated Resistance to Oxidative Stress and Fungicides Requires Yap1, Skn7, and MAP Kinases in the Citrus Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li-Hung Chen

    Full Text Available Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS transporters play an important role in multidrug resistance in fungi. We report an AaMFS19 gene encoding a MFS transporter required for cellular resistance to oxidative stress and fungicides in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata. AaMFS19, containing 12 transmembrane domains, displays activity toward a broad range of substrates. Fungal mutants lacking AaMFS19 display profound hypersensitivities to cumyl hydroperoxide, potassium superoxide, many singlet oxygen-generating compounds (eosin Y, rose Bengal, hematoporphyrin, methylene blue, and cercosporin, and the cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor, Congo red. AaMFS19 mutants also increase sensitivity to copper ions, clotrimazole, fludioxonil, and kocide fungicides, 2-chloro-5-hydroxypyridine (CHP, and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA. AaMFS19 mutants induce smaller necrotic lesions on leaves of a susceptible citrus cultivar. All observed phenotypes in the mutant are restored by introducing and expressing a wild-type copy of AaMFS19. The wild-type strain of A. alternata treated with either CHP or TIBA reduces radial growth and formation and germination of conidia, increases hyphal branching, and results in decreased expression of the AaMFS19 gene. The expression of AaMFS19 is regulated by the Yap1 transcription activator, the Hog1 and Fus3 mitogen-activated protein (MAP kinases, the 'two component' histidine kinase, and the Skn7 response regulator. Our results demonstrate that A. alternata confers resistance to different chemicals via a membrane-bound MFS transporter.

  18. Litigation and Community Advocacy to Ensure Health Access for Micronesian Migrants in Hawai'i.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hagiwara, Megan Kiyomi; Yamada, Seiji; Tanaka, Wayne; Ostrowski, Deja Marie

    2015-05-01

    The Federated States of Micronesia and the Republics of Palau and the Marshall Islands signed a series of treaties known as the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) with the United States (U.S.). While the islands became independent nations, certain rights and responsibilities were assigned to the U.S. However since the signing of the treaties, U.S. federal and Hawai'i state policies have reduced health care coverage for COFA migrants living in the U.S. and its territories. This commentary reports the ongoing efforts of the Micronesian community and its allies to rectify a legacy of unjust policies. We outline the need for sound policies that support appropriate health care to all members of society, and highlight the community's strength and ability to mobilize for political action. If health is a human right, providing adequate, equitable health care to all members of society is not up for debate.

  19. Better or worse? The role of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in sustainable development. Case studies of remote atoll communities in Kiribati

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mala, Kirti; Schlaepfer, August; Pryor, Trevor [School of Electrical, Energy and Process Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150 (Australia)

    2009-02-15

    The Republic of Kiribati, formerly known as the Gilbert Islands, is a Micronesian (One of the three groups of islands in the Pacific. The eight territories that make up Micronesia are Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of Kiribati, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Nauru, Republic of Palau, Territory of Guam and Territory of Wake Island. The other two groups of islands in the Pacific are Melanesia and Polynesia) country in the Pacific. The energy sources utilised in Kiribati include petroleum products, biomass, solar energy and wind power. Solar energy was introduced in Kiribati in the early 1980s (Wade H. Survey of RESCO projects - prepared for OPRET, Fiji Department of Energy, 2003; p. 36). Currently, it makes a very insignificant (less than 1%) contribution to the total annual primary energy supply (South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). Pacific Islands Renewable Energy Project (PIREP) - Pacific Regional Energy Assessment (PREA) 2004. Kiribati national report, Vol. 5, 2005). Solar energy in Kiribati is used mostly in the form of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies for the provision of lighting and electricity. This study examines the role of PV technologies in the sustainable development process in Kiribati, with particular reference to remote atoll communities. Initial results from on-site surveys carried out are reported in this paper. These surveys have sought to identify the reasons why people use or do not use PV systems. (author)

  20. WHAT DO WE UNDERSTAND FROM THE TERMS DEEP STRUCTURE AND SURFACE STRUCTURE? DERİN YAPI VE YÜZEY YAPI KAVRAMLARINDAN NE ANLIYORUZ?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kerim DEMİRCİ

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available According to the theory developed mostly by Port Royal school in the 17th century and later on formulated by Noam Chomsky, each sentence in a language has two levels of representation: a deep structure and a surface structure. The deep or underlying structure represents the semantic foundations of a sentence. Meanwhile the surface structure is the actual form of a sentence which essentially occurs in speech (the phonetic form or writing. While the speaker or the writer is on the side of deep structure as he/she is the one supposed to know the semantic layer of the sentence, the listener or the reader is passively exposed to the surface structure of a sentence. The surface structure of a sentence may have empty categories and traces that are normally full and existing in the deep layer of representation. In this study we will examine the language-internal and cross-linguistic versions of deep and surface structures. Başlangıçta 17. yüzyılda Port Royal Okulu tarafından ortaya atılan sonra Noam Chomsky tarafından formüle edilen teoriye göre her cümlenin derin yapı ve yüzey yapı olmak üzere iki katmanı vardır. Derin yapı adı verilen katman cümlenin anlambilimsel temelini oluşturur. Öte yandan yüzey yapı ise özellikle cümlenin en son söylenmiş veya yazılmış halini, yani gerçekte üretilmiş biçimini temsil eder. Cümlenin anlamına vakıf olan konuşur veya yazar dilbilimsel olarak derin yapı tarafında iken, dinleyici veya okuyucu yüzey yapı tarafındadır zira dinleyici veya okuyucu cümleye maruz kalan taraftır. Bir cümlenin yüzey yapısı boşluklarla ve izlerle dolu iken derin yapısı doluluk ve tamlık arz eder. Bu çalışmada derin ve yüzey yapı kavramlarının hem dil içi hem de diller arası türleri incelenecektir.

  1. Ovarian Germline Stem Cells (OGSCs and the Hippo Signaling Pathway Association with Physiological and Pathological Ovarian Aging in Mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jia Li

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Background: The Hippo signaling pathway plays fundamental roles in stem cell maintenance in a variety of tissues and has thus implications for stem cell biology. Key components of this recently discovered pathway have been shown to be associated with primordial follicle activation. However, whether the Hippo signaling pathway plays a role in the development of Ovarian Germline Stem Cells (OGSCs during physiological and pathological ovarian aging in mice is unknown. Methods: Mice at the age of 7 days (7D, or of 2, 10, or 20 months (2M, 10M, 20M and mice at 2M treated with TPT and CY/BUS drugs were selected as physiological and pathological ovarian aging models, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the development of follicles, and the co-localization of genes characteristic of OGSCs with MST1, LATS2 and YAP1 was assessed by immunofluorescence, western blotting and real-time PCR methods. Results: The Hippo signal pathway and MVH/OCT4 genes were co-expressed in the mouse ovarian cortex. The level and co-localization of LATS2, MST1, MVH, and OCT4 were significantly decreased with increased age, but YAP1 was more prevalent in the mouse ovarian cortex of 2M mice than 7D mice and was not observed in 20M mice. Furthermore, YAP1, MVH, and OCT4 were gradually decreased after TPT and CY/BUS treatment, and LATS2 mRNA and protein up-regulation persisted in TPT- and CY/BUS-treated mice. However, the expression of MST1 was lower in the TPT and CY/BUS groups compared with the control group. In addition, pYAP1 protein showed the highest expression in the ovarian cortexes of 7D mice compared with 20M mice, and the value of pYAP1/YAP1 decreased from 7D to 20M. Moreover, pYAP1 decreased in the TPT- and CY/BUS-treated groups, but the value of pYAP1/YAP1 increased in these groups. Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that the Hippo signaling pathway is associated with the changes that take place in OGSCs during physiological and pathological

  2. Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Öğrencilerin İşlevsel Akademik Becerilerine İlişkin Türkiye’de Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin Gözden Geçirilmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hakan Özak

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available İşlevsel akademik beceriler bireyin toplumda bağımsız bir birey olarak yaşayabilmesi ve çalışabilmesi için gerekli olan becerilerdir. Türkiye’de zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilerle yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmaları incelendiğinde, işlevsel akademik becerilere ilişkin tez çalışmalarının yürütüldüğü görülmekte; ancak, bu tezlerin ayrıntılı olarak incelendiği bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu gereksinimden yola çıkarak, bu çalışmada zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin işlevsel akademik becerilerine ilişkin Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen lisansüstü tezler incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin işlevsel akademik becerilerine ilişkin 29 lisansüstü teze ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan tezlerin 17 tanesi okuma-yazma becerileri (14 yüksek lisans, 3 doktora ve 12 tanesi de (9 yüksek lisans, 3 doktora matematik becerilerini konu almaktadır. Tezler, öğretim yapılan akademik becerilerin alanı, deneklerin özellikleri, yönteme ilişkin özellikler, modele ilişkin özellikler, bulgulara ilişkin özellikler olmak üzere incelenmiş, bulgular ileriye dönük öneriler ışığında tartışılmıştır. Functional academic skills are the ones that an individual needs to have and show in order to live independently in society. While checking master thesis and doctoral dissertations carried out with individuals with intellectual disabilities in Turkey, it was found that there have been master thesis and doctoral dissertations on functional academic skills of students with intellectual disabilities in Turkey. However, it was also recognized that there is no study reviewing these studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review master thesis and doctoral dissertations on functional academic skills of students with intellectual disabilities in Turkey. It was found that out of 29 studies conducted in Turkey, 17 are on reading

  3. Hippo pathway effectors control cardiac progenitor cell fate by acting as dynamic sensors of substrate mechanics and nanostructure

    KAUST Repository

    Mosqueira, Diogo; Pagliari, Stefania; Uto, Koichiro; Ebara, Mitsuhiro; Romanazzo, Sara; Escobedo-Lucea, Carmen; Nakanishi, Jun; Taniguchi, Akiyoshi; Franzese, Ornella; Di Nardo, Paolo; Goumans, Marie José T H; Traversa, Enrico; Pinto-Do-Ó , Perpé tua P C; Aoyagi, Takao; Forte, Giancarlo

    2014-01-01

    that YAP/TAZ expression is triggered in the heart cells located at the infarct border zone. Our results suggest a fundamental role for the YAP/TAZ axis in the response of resident progenitor cells to the modifications in microenvironment nanostructure

  4. Phosphor thermometry: On the synthesis and characterisation of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu (YAG:Eu) and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu (YAP:Eu)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kissel, T. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Brübach, J., E-mail: bruebach@ekt.tu-darmstadt.de [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Euler, M. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Frotscher, M.; Litterscheid, C.; Albert, B. [Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 18, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Dreizler, A. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)

    2013-07-15

    With regard to phosphor thermometry, the materials Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu (YAG:Eu) and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu (YAP:Eu) were synthesised and characterised in order to substitute the commonly used thermographic phosphor Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu, whose temperature sensitive luminescence lifetime exhibits a strong and most often undesirable cross-sensitivity to the oxygen concentration of the surrounding gas phase. The synthesis is outlined in detail and the crystallographic structure was characterised by X-ray diffraction. In a second step, the luminescence properties following pulsed UV laser excitation were determined. In this context, the emission spectra and the temperature lifetime characteristics were monitored. For Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu, temperature sensitive ranges of 1000 K–1470 K and 850 K–1300 K were identified. Contrary to Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu, both materials do show much lower cross-sensitivities to the oxygen concentration of the surrounding gas phase. - Highlights: ► Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu were synthesised and characterised. ► The synthesis is outlined and the crystallographic structure was characterised. ► Emission spectra and the temperature lifetime characteristics were monitored. ► Compared to Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu lower sensitivities to the oxyg. conc. of the gas phase emerged.

  5. Barış Harekâtı Sonrasında Türkiye’den Kıbrıs’a Yapılan Göçler Ve Tatbik Edilen İskân Politikası Immigration From Turkey To Cyprus After Peace Operation And Following Settlement Policy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    İsmail ŞAHİN

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available In order to close the gap in the population of Northern Cyprusthat occurred after Cyprus Peace Operation, it was organized theresettlement from Turkey to island. In this context, among people whocame to the island, three groups can be defined. There were soldiersand their families who were involved in Peace Operation of 1974,agricultural labor force, and people who migrated of their own accord.The properties remained after Greek Cypriots were distributed amongnewcomers after they have been admitted to the citizenship. Called as“Turkish immigrants”, this group played a significant role in the rapiddevelopment of Northern Cyprus. However, because of absence ofplanned settlement policy, long term economic development fell intostagnation what, by-turn, caused social problems. Social problemsbetween Turkish Cypriots and Turkish immigrants have beenincreasingly deepened by already existed religious, social, and culturaldifference between these groups. Social problems provoked byimmigrants, differences between these two groups, and introduced inthe political frameworks wrong policies interrupted the socialintegration of Northern Cyprus.This paper aims to study the reasons of migration to Cyprus after1974, the resettlements to the island, and the problems faced bymigrants there. In this regard, the legal status and the opportunitiesoffered to Turkish immigrants, the way how migrants encounter withthe Turkish Cypriots, problems they have experienced, and theirrelations with Greek Cypriots living in the north of the island arediscussed. In this study, legal regulations, eye-witness interviews,newspaper reports, and official documents are used to research theissue. Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı sonrasında Adanın kuzeyinde ortaya çıkan nüfus boşluğunu kapatmak üzere Türkiye’den Adaya nüfus nakli yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda; 1974 Barış Harekâtı’nda görev alan askerler ve yakınları, tarım işgücü ve kendi başına gelenler olmak

  6. Dondurma İşleminin Bazı Gıdalarda Yapı Üzerine Etkileri ve Donma Süresinin Tayini

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ünal Yurdagel

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Diğer gıda koruma yöntemlerine göre gıdada daha az değişikliğe neden olduğu için dondurarak koruma günümüzde önem kazanmaktadır. İyi uygulanmış bir dondurma tekniği ile gıdanın renk, tad ve besleyici değerleri büyük ölçüde korunur. Bununla birlikte bazı değişikliklerin olması kaçınılmazdır. Genellikle dondurma esnasında gıdanın içinde oluşan buz kristalleri olumsuz değişikliklerin başlıca nedenidir. Kristallerin oluşması hücre zarlarını dolayısıyla yapıyı etkilerken, hücre içindeki enzimleri de açığa çıkarırlar. Dondurma hızı buz kristallerinin oluşumunu etkilediğinden dondurma işleminde önemli bir yer tutar. Bazı teorik ve deneysel donma hızı ve süresi eşitlikleri araştırıcılar tarafından ortaya konmuştur. Mevsimsel olarak üretilen gıda maddeleri insanların tüketilmesi için korunmak zorundadır. Bazıları, örneğin tahıllar türü maddeler normal bir sıcaklıkta depolanabilirken, üretilen taze gıda maddelerinin büyük bir kısmı ve bu arada meyve ve sebzeler hasattan kısa bir süre sonra tüketilmeli veya çeşitli şekilde koruma altına alınmalıdır. Diğer gıda koruma yöntemlerine göre gıdada daha az değişikliğe neden olduğu için dondurarak koruma gittikçe önem kazanmakta ve büyük miktardaki gıda maddesinin korunmasında kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte gıdada bazı değişikliklerin oluşmasına engel olmak mümkün değildir. Bu değişiklikleri en az seviyede tutmak için dondurma işlemini ve dondurulacak gıda maddesini iyice tanımak gerekir.

  7. Effects of DoD Engagements in Collaborative Humanitarian Assistance

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-09-01

    Deidre L. McLay Second Reader Robert F. Dell Chair, Department of Operations Research iv THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK v ABSTRACT...Kiribati, Laos, Malaysia , Maldives, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nepal, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand

  8. Wnt/Yes-Associated Protein Interactions During Neural Tissue Patterning of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bejoy, Julie; Song, Liqing; Zhou, Yi; Li, Yan

    2018-04-01

    Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have special ability to self-assemble into neural spheroids or mini-brain-like structures. During the self-assembly process, Wnt signaling plays an important role in regional patterning and establishing positional identity of hiPSC-derived neural progenitors. Recently, the role of Wnt signaling in regulating Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression (nuclear or cytoplasmic), the pivotal regulator during organ growth and tissue generation, has attracted increasing interests. However, the interactions between Wnt and YAP expression for neural lineage commitment of hiPSCs remain poorly explored. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Wnt signaling and YAP expression on the cellular population in three-dimensional (3D) neural spheroids derived from hiPSCs. In this study, Wnt signaling was activated using CHIR99021 for 3D neural spheroids derived from human iPSK3 cells through embryoid body formation. Our results indicate that Wnt activation induces nuclear localization of YAP and upregulates the expression of HOXB4, the marker for hindbrain/spinal cord. By contrast, the cells exhibit more rostral forebrain neural identity (expression of TBR1) without Wnt activation. Cytochalasin D was then used to induce cytoplasmic YAP and the results showed the decreased HOXB4 expression. In addition, the incorporation of microparticles in the neural spheroids was investigated for the perturbation of neural patterning. This study may indicate the bidirectional interactions of Wnt signaling and YAP expression during neural tissue patterning, which have the significance in neurological disease modeling, drug screening, and neural tissue regeneration.

  9. Gömülü 20 yaş dişi cerrahisinde kemik dokusuna yapılan müdahalelerde kullanılan Er:YAG lazer, piezocerrahi ve konvansiyonel frez yöntemlerinin birbirleriyle klinik olarak karşılaştırılmalı incelenmesi

    OpenAIRE

    ÇELEBİOĞLU, Bedriye Gizem

    2011-01-01

    Gömülü 20 yaş dişi çekimleri oral ve maksillofasiyal cerrahide en sık yapılan uygulamalardır. Cerrahi işlemlerin tamamında amaç doku hasarını minimalize ederek az komplikasyon yaratmak ve postoperatif iyleşme periodunda hastalara daha az ağrı ve daha fazla rahatlık sağlamaktır.Çalışmamız Pell-Gregory Sınıflaması'na göre klas 2, pozisyon B vertikal pozisyonda bilateral alt gömülü yirmi yaş dişi bulunan 30 hasta üzerinde gerçekleştirmiştir. Hastalar rastgele 2 gruba ayrıldı...

  10. İşe Alım Süreci Aday Ön Tesbitinde Bulanık Mantık Tabanlı SQL Sorgulama Yönteminin İncelenmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Berk GÜLTEKİN

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, kurumların aday kayıtlarını tuttuğu insan kaynakları veri tabanın, klasik SQL sorgulama yöntemi ile uygun çıkarımın yapılamadığı sorgulamalarda bulanık mantık ile sorgulama yapımı anlatılmıştır. Böylelikle klasik veri tabanı tablo yapısı referans alınarak SQL sorgulama diline uyumlu, karmaşık sorgulamaların çözümüne alternatif yapı geliştirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada dikkat çekilmesi istenen diğer noktalardan biri de; klasik veritabanı yapılarına, bulanık teknik kullanarak bilgisayarlardan farklı olarak insanın yaklaşık düşünme ve belirsizlik içeren bilgiler ile işlem yapabilme yeteneğinin kazandırılmasının mümkün olduğudur. Anahtar Kelimeler: İnsan kaynakları, Bulanık mantık, SQL

  11. Comparison of Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride semiconductor and Yttrium-Aluminum-Perovskite scintillator as photon detectors for epithermal neutron spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tardocchi, M.; Pietropaolo, A.; Andreani, C.; Gorini, G.; Imberti, S.; Perelli-Cippo, E.; Senesi, R.; Rhodes, N.; Schooneveld, E.M.

    2006-01-01

    The range of applications of epithermal neutron scattering experiments has been recently extended by the development of the Resonance Detector. In a Resonance Detector, resonant neutron absorption in an analyzer foil results in prompt emission of X- and γ-rays which are detected by a photon counter. Several combinations of analyzer foils and photon detectors have been studied and tested over the years and best results have been obtained with the combination of a natural uranium and (i) Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) semiconductor (ii) Yttrium-Aluminum-Perovskite (YAP) scintillators. Here we compare the performance of the CZT semiconductor and YAP scintillator as Resonance Detector units. Two Resonance Detector prototypes made of natural uranium foil viewed by CZT and YAP were tested on the VESUVIO spectrometer at the ISIS spallation neutron source. The results show that both YAP and CZT can be used to detect epithermal neutrons in the energy range from 1 up to 66 eV. It was found that the signal-to-background ratio of the measurement can significantly be improved by raising the lower level discrimination threshold on the γ energy to about 600 keV. The advantages/disadvantages of the choice of a Resonance Detector based on YAP or CZT are discussed together with some potential applications

  12. Environmental Prime Movers for Prehistoric Colonization of Islands in Remote Oceania

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montenegro, Alvaro; Callaghan, Richard T.; Fitzpatrick, Scott M.

    2016-04-01

    The peopling of Remote Oceania was one of the last great waves of human migration in the ancient past. Beginning around 3500 BP, peoples from Island Southeast Asia began colonizing western Micronesia, and shortly thereafter ca. 3400 BP, Lapita groups began moving east from Near Oceania (e.g., the Solomons and Bismarck Archipelago) to islands in Eastern Melanesia and West Polynesia, including Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. It is remarkable that over the next 2500 years, even the most remote islands, known now to represent the distant nodes of the Polynesian triangle (New Zealand, Hawaii, and Easter Island), were eventually visited by Austronesian speakers and their descendants across this seemingly boundless ocean. One of the more enduring questions - and one that has perplexed scholars for decades - is how and when these ancient seafarers were able to develop navigational/wayfinding techniques and seafaring technologies to overcome a number of environmental challenges. This would ultimately help determine what combination of social and environmental stimuli forced or encouraged people to colonize some of the most isolated patches of land on earth. To advance our understanding of ancient Pacific colonization strategies, we integrate seafaring simulation models, ease of eastward travel estimates based on land distribution and wind pattern analysis, and new climatic datasets for precipitation in Micronesia and Polynesia to examine intra-annual variations in wind and precipitation that would have influenced travel. Combined with statistical modeling of winds and currents, we argue that: land distribution could have contributed to the pause in eastward expansion seen at about 3000 BP; simple downwind sailing and downwind sailing during eastward spells are viable navigation strategies for reaching islands to the east; seasonality of eastward winds would facilitate voyage planning and increase chances of success; knowledge of annual and interannual variability

  13. Toward the Discovery of a Novel Class of YAP–TEAD Interaction Inhibitors by Virtual Screening Approach Targeting YAP–TEAD Protein–Protein Interface

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Floriane Gibault

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Intrinsically disordered protein YAP (yes-associated protein interacts with TEADs transcriptional factors family (transcriptional enhancer associated domain creating three interfaces. Interface 3, between the Ω-loop of YAP and a shallow pocket of TEAD was identified as the most important TEAD zone for YAP-TEAD interaction. Using the first X-ray structure of the hYAP50–71-hTEAD1209–426 complex (PDB 3KYS published in 2010, a protein-protein interaction inhibitors-enriched library (175,000 chemical compounds was screened against this hydrophobic pocket of TEAD. Four different chemical families have been identified and evaluated using biophysical techniques (thermal shift assay, microscale thermophoresis and in cellulo assays (luciferase activity in transfected HEK293 cells, RTqPCR in MDA-MB231 cells. A first promising hit with micromolar inhibition in the luciferase gene reporter assay was discovered. This hit also decreased mRNA levels of TEAD target genes.

  14. TÜRKİYE’DE BASEL I, II ve III KURALLARINA UYUM SÜRECİ

    OpenAIRE

    Ezgi ASLAN KÜLAHİ; Göksel TİRYAKİ; Ahmet YILMAZ

    2013-01-01

    TÜRKİYE’DE BASEL I, I VE III KURALLARINA UYUM SÜRECİÖzet: Bu çalışma, Basel Kriterleri çerçevesinde Türk Bankacılık Sektörü’nde yapılan çalışmaları değerlendirerek sektörün Basel Kriterleri’ne uyum sürecinde hangi aşamada olduğunu incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada; Türkiye’de Basel I ve II Kriterleri’ne geçiş süreci: Basel I ve II’ye yönelik yapılan hazırlık çalışmaları , Basel Kriterleri’ne uyum kapsamında Türk Bankacılık Mevzuatı’nda yapılan yasal düzenlemeler ve BDDK tarafından ger...

  15. Sexual and reproductive health of micronesians: a systematic review of the literature.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Sarah A

    2013-01-01

    Recent evidence of negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes for Micronesian migrants warrants a review of what is currently known about Micronesian SRH beliefs, customs, behaviors, outcomes, and access to SRH services. A systematic literature review employing the matrix method was conducted using the same key terms for 8 databases. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2010 were abstracted for several key components, including topics, methodology, and other important elements necessary to assess major findings, strengths, and weaknesses. Thirty-two articles matched the inclusion criteria for review. Of these articles, the major research of interest was behavior relating to sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, health care seeking, and HIV/AIDS for various populations throughout Micronesia. Study populations ranged from pregnant women seeking prenatal care to students in high school. No cohesive body of SRH literature exists for one topic or one community within Micronesia to date.

  16. Safety of HLW shipments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The third shipment back to Japan of vitrified high-level radioactive waste (HLW) produced through reprocessing in France is scheduled to take place in early 1998. A consignment last March drew protest from interest groups and countries along the shipping route. Requirements governing the shipment of cargoes of this type and concerns raised by Greenpeace that were assessed by an international expert group, were examined in a previous article. A further report prepared on behalf of Greenpeace Pacific has been released. The paper: Transportation accident of a ship carrying vitrified high-level radioactive waste, Part 1 Impact on the Federated States of Micronesia by Resnikoff and Champion, is dated 31 July 1997. A considerable section of the report is given over to discussion of the economic situation of the Federated Statess of Micronesia, and lifestyle and dietary factors which would influence radiation doses arising from a release. It postulates a worst case accident scenario of a collision between the HLW transport ship and an oil tanker 1 km off Pohnpei with the wind in precisely the direction to result in maximum population exposure, and attempts to assess the consequences. In summary, the report postulates accident and exposure scenarios which are conceivable but not credible. It combines a series of worst case scenarios and attempts to evaluate the consequences. Both the combined scenario and consequences have probabilities of occurrence which are negligible. The shipment carried by the 'Pacific Swan' left Cherbourgon 21 January 1998 and comprised 30 tonnes of reprocessed vitrified waste in 60 stainless steel canisters loaded into three shipping casks. (author)

  17. Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB Olan Bireylerin Fiziksel Aktivitelerine İlişkin Yapılan Çalışmaların Gözden Geçirilmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bora Görgün

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de ve dünyada otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB olan bireylerin fiziksel aktivitelerine ilişkin 2004-2014 yılları arasında yapılan tez ve makale çalışmalarının gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma için Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi (TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM, EbscoHost, Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, SAGE ve SpringerLink veritabanları taranmış ve konuyla ilgili 16 tez çalışmasına ve hakemli dergilerde yayınlanmış 33 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen çalışmalar dört kategoride incelenmiştir. “OSB olan bireylerin fiziksel aktivitelerini karşılaştırma” kategorisinde altı, “fiziksel aktivite programının OSB olan bireyler üzerine etkisi” kategorisinde 26, “fiziksel aktiviteye yönelik ailelerin ve öğretmenlerin görüşleri” kategorisinde altı ve “fiziksel aktivite programlarının niteliklerini belirleme ve artırmaya yönelik çalışmalar” kategorisinde 11 çalışma yer almaktadır. Sonuçlar fiziksel aktivitenin OSB olan bireylerin gelişimlerine olumlu katkı sağladığını, ülkemizde yapılan çalışmaların fiziksel aktivitenin etkisi üzerine yoğunlaştığını ve fiziksel aktivite programlarının niteliği, farklı yetersizlik gruplarındaki bireylerle fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması gibi farklı alanlarda çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. The aim of this study is to review thesis and articles on physical activities of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD published between 2004 and 2014 in Turkey and in the world. Council of Higher Education (YÖK National Thesis Center, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey National Academic Network and Information Center (TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM, EbscoHost, Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, SAGE and Springer

  18. The Hippo pathway mediates inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by cAMP.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kimura, Tomomi E; Duggirala, Aparna; Smith, Madeleine C; White, Stephen; Sala-Newby, Graciela B; Newby, Andrew C; Bond, Mark

    2016-01-01

    Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by intracellular cAMP prevents excessive neointima formation and hence angioplasty restenosis and vein-graft failure. These protective effects are mediated via actin-cytoskeleton remodelling and subsequent regulation of gene expression by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here we investigated the role of components of the growth-regulatory Hippo pathway, specifically the transcription factor TEAD and its co-factors YAP and TAZ in VSMC. Elevation of cAMP using forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP or the physiological agonists, Cicaprost or adenosine, significantly increased phosphorylation and nuclear export YAP and TAZ and inhibited TEAD-luciferase report gene activity. Similar effects were obtained by inhibiting RhoA activity with C3-transferase, its downstream kinase, ROCK, with Y27632, or actin-polymerisation with Latrunculin-B. Conversely, expression of constitutively-active RhoA reversed the inhibitory effects of forskolin on TEAD-luciferase. Forskolin significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of the pro-mitogenic genes, CCN1, CTGF, c-MYC and TGFB2 and this was reversed by expression of constitutively-active YAP or TAZ phospho-mutants. Inhibition of YAP and TAZ function with RNAi or Verteporfin significantly reduced VSMC proliferation. Furthermore, the anti-mitogenic effects of forskolin were reversed by overexpression of constitutively-active YAP or TAZ. Taken together, these data demonstrate that cAMP-induced actin-cytoskeleton remodelling inhibits YAP/TAZ-TEAD dependent expression of pro-mitogenic genes in VSMC. This mechanism contributes novel insight into the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP in VSMC and suggests a new target for intervention. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  19. Prognostic role of sirt1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song, S.; Zhang, H.

    2014-01-01

    To determine the clinical significance of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and its association with P53 and Yes-associated protein 2 (YAP2) expression. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, from January 2000 to January 2010. Methodology: Tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry were conducted to detect the expression of SIRT1, P53 and YAP2 proteins in 300 self-paired HCC samples. Associations with clinicopathologic manifestations were analyzed, overall survival analysis and multivariate analysis were performed. Results: By tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry on 300 self-paired HCC samples, it was found that SIRT1, P53 and YAP2 were significantly overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. SIRT1 immunostaining localized both in the nucleus (145/300, 48.3%) and the cytoplasm (70/300, 23.3%), and the overexpression of nuclear SIRT1 was positively related to the overexpression of P53 and YAP2. Survival analysis showed that nuclear SIRT1, P53 and YAP2 overexpression predicted poor overall survival while cytoplasmic SIRT1 overexpression predicted longer overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed nuclear SIRT1 and P53 overexpression as independent tumor promoters while cytoplasmic SIRT1 overexpression as an independent tumor suppressor. Conclusion: SIRT1 was overexpressed in HCC and the expression was positively related to P53 and YAP2 expression. As the nuclear SIRT1 functions as a tumor promoter and cytoplasmic SIRT1 functions as a tumor suppressor, the role of SIRT1 in HCC should be reconsidered. (author)

  20. The effect of repeated laser stimuli to ink-marked skin on skin temperature—recommendations for a safe experimental protocol in humans

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victoria J. Madden

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Nd:YAP laser is widely used to investigate the nociceptive and pain systems, generating perpetual and laser-evoked neurophysiological responses. A major procedural concern for the use of Nd:YAP laser stimuli in experimental research is the risk of skin damage. The absorption of Nd:YAP laser stimuli is greater in darker skin, or in pale skin that has been darkened with ink, prompting some ethics boards to refuse approval to experimenters wishing to track stimulus location by marking the skin with ink. Some research questions, however, require laser stimuli to be delivered at particular locations or within particular zones, a requirement that is very difficult to achieve if marking the skin is not possible. We thoroughly searched the literature for experimental evidence and protocol recommendations for safe delivery of Nd:YAP laser stimuli over marked skin, but found nothing.Methods. We designed an experimental protocol to define safe parameters for the use of Nd:YAP laser stimuli over skin that has been marked with black dots, and used thermal imaging to assess the safety of the procedure at the forearm and the back.Results. Using thermal imaging and repeated laser stimulation to ink-marked skin, we demonstrated that skin temperature did not increase progressively across the course of the experiment, and that the small change in temperature seen at the forearm was reversed during the rest periods between blocks. Furthermore, no participant experienced skin damage due to the procedure.Conclusion. This protocol offers parameters for safe, confident and effective experimentation using repeated Nd:YAP laser on skin marked with ink, thus paving the way for investigations that depend on it.

  1. Yoğurt Yapımında Yararlanılan L. bulgaricus ve S. thermophilus’un Proteolitik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sevda Kılıç

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Yoğurt bakterilerinin süte aşılandıktan sonra enzimatik etkinlikleri sonucu proteinleri parçalamaları olayına proteoliz adı verilir. Bu olay sırasında ortamda gerekli gelişme faktörleri meydana geldiğinden S. thermophilus’un gelişmesi ve çoğalması hızlandırılmış olur. Simbiyotik faaliyet gösteren bu bakteriler için gerekli ve yararlı olan proteoliz olayının yoğurt yapımında ancak belirli bir düzeyde meydana gelmesi istenir. ASPERGER, tirosin aminoasiti ile aroma oluşumu arasında bir ilişkinin olduğunu, tirosin içeriğinin 0.05-0.1 mg/ml olması durumunda yoğurtların istenen aromaya sahip olabileceğini bildirmiştir. 0.125 mg/ml tirosin içeren yoğurt örneklerinde ise hafif acı tat oluştuğu bildirilmiştir. Bundan hareketle yoğurt bakterileri olan L. bulgaricus ile S. thermophilus’ a ait suşların proteolitik aktiviteleri HULL yöntemine göre tirosin ekivalantı üzerinden belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada genellikle yüksek asitlik oluşturabilen L. bulgaricus suşlarının daha fazla proteolitik aktivite gösterdikleri saptanmıştır. Ancak bütün bakteri suşları için bu durumun geçerli olmadığı da belirlenmiştir. 20 L. bulgaricus suşuna ait değerlerin 0.105-0.215 mg tirosin/ml sınırları arasında değiştiği gözlenmiştir. S. thermophilus’un denemeye alınan 20 suşu için saptanan değerler de 0.080-0.070 mg tirosin/ml arasında belirlenmiş olup değerlerin L. bulgaricus’ a ait değerlerden çok düşük olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

  2. 77 FR 53917 - Report on Countries That Are Candidates for Millennium Challenge Account Eligibility in Fiscal...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-09-04

    ... poverty reduction. The Act requires the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) to take a number of steps... its people; and (b) considering the opportunity to reduce poverty and generate economic growth in the... India Indonesia Iraq Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyz Republic Lao PDR Lesotho Liberia Malawi Mauritania Micronesia...

  3. Search Results | Page 93 | IDRC - International Development ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Results 921 - 930 of 9578 ... Agriculture and Environment ... Afghanistan, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Micronesia, North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, .... Kenya has an estimated 18.2 million cattle, 16.3 million sheep, and 24.6 million goats.

  4. Recent and Upcoming Changes to NOAA Marine Forecasts

    Science.gov (United States)

    of Tropical-Storm-Force Winds Graphics become operational on or around May 15, 2018 WFOs to be New Extratropical Surge and Tide Operational Forecast System for Micronesia Effective February 13 of High Seas and Storm Warning over NIST Time Frequency Broadcasts through January 20, 2018 NWS

  5. New radiocarbon dates from the Bapot-1 site in Saipan and Neolithic dispersal by stratified diffusion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clark, G.; Petchey, F.; Winter, O.; Carson, M.; O'Day, P.

    2010-01-01

    The colonisation of the Mariana Islands in Western Micronesia is likely to represent an early ocean dispersal of more than 2000 km. Establishing the date of human arrival in the archipelago is important for modelling Neolithic expansion in Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific, particularly the role of long-distance dispersals. This paper presents new 14 C results and a ΔR estimate from the Bapot-1 site on Saipan Island, which indicate human arrival at ca. 3400-3200 cal. BP. Archaeological chronologies of long-distance dispersal to Western Micronesia and the Lapita expansion (Bismarcks to Samoa) show that the Neolithic dispersal rate was increasing during the period ca. 3400-2900 cal. BP. The range-versus-time relationship is similar to stratified diffusion whereby a period of relatively slow expansion is succeeded by long-distance movement. An increase in new colonies created by long-distance migrants results in accelerating range expansion. (author). Refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

  6. Radio- and VUV - Excited Luminescence of YAP:Ce, YAP:Pr and YAG:Pr

    Science.gov (United States)

    2001-01-01

    Pr 3+ ions.", Acta Physica Polonica A, 90 pp.407-10, 1996. 6. C. Pedrini, D. Bouttet, C. Dujardin, B. Moine, I. Dafinei, P. Lecoq, M. Koselja, K...34Spectroscopy and thermoluminescence of LuAIO 3:Ce" Acta Physica Polonica A,.90, pp.377-383, 1996 17. A.J. Wojtowicz, J. Glodo, W. Drozdowski, K.R. Przegietka...Malinowski, M.F. Joubert, B. Jacquier. "Simultaneous laser action at blue and orange wavelengths in YAG:Pr 3+ Physica Status Solidi A, 140, pp.K49-52, 1993 5

  7. Polimorfismos del cromosoma Y humano en poblaciones de la región norte del Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor Carbajal-Caballero

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron los loci Y-específicos DYS287, DYS199 y DYS390 en un total de 105 individuos, en cuatro poblaciones del norte del Perú. Sólo un individuo presentó el linaje YAP+ /C, de probable origen africano. La frecuencia de cromosomas Y Amerindios, indicado por el linaje YAP- /T, fue mayor en la población Aguaruna de Yamayakat (97%, disminuyendo en mestizos de Moche (73%, Santiago de Chuco (53% y Trujillo (33%; por otro lado, el grado de mestizaje fue mayor en las poblaciones nor-occidentales. Los haplótipos más frecuentes fueron YAP- /C/24 en Trujillo (47% y YAP- /T/24 en Santiago de Chuco (23%. La diversidad haplotípica en Santiago de Chuco (0,881 fue mayor que en Trujillo (0,752. Es de resaltar la considerable proporción de cromosomas Y Amerindios en las poblaciones peruanas a pesar de más de 500 años de influencia hispánica y otras culturas.

  8. Liderlik Oryantasyon Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenan ÖZCAN

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Örgüt iklimi örgütsel yapı ve yönetimin bir sonucudur. Çalışanların örgütün yapısı ve yöneticilerin liderlik davranışlarına dair algıları örgüt iklimi hakkında bir fikir vermektedir. Örgütsel iklime dair olumsuz algılar örgütte dengesiz, olumlu algılar ise dengeli bir yönetim yapısı bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma örgütsel yapı hakkında bilgi veren Thompson (2005 tarafından geliştirilen “Liderlik Oryantasyon Ölçeğinin” Türkçeye uyarlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Ölçeğin orijinal halinde 32 madde ve dört alt boyut bulunmakta ve Türkçeye uyarlanan şekli de aynı formu korumuştur.  Ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanması sürecine,  Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA için 300 ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DAF için 234 öğretmen katılmıştır. Ölçeğin uyarlanmasıyla ülkemizde yapılacak araştırmalarla elde edilen bulguların, aynı ölçekle farklı kültürlerde yapılan/yapılacak olan araştırma bulgularıyla karşılaştırılabilmesine olanak sağlayacağında, ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanmasının önemli olduğu söylenebilir. Anahtar sözcükler: örgüt iklimi, liderlik, örgüt yönetimi

  9. A designated centre for people with disabilities operated by Brothers of Charity Services Roscommon

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Carew, Rosemarie M.

    2010-07-06

    Abstract Background Male Irs2-\\/- mice develop fatal type 2 diabetes at 13-14 weeks. Defects in neuronal proliferation, pituitary development and photoreceptor cell survival manifest in Irs2-\\/- mice. We identify retarded renal growth in male and female Irs2-\\/- mice, independent of diabetes. Results Kidney size and kidney:body weight ratio were reduced by approximately 20% in Irs2-\\/- mice at postnatal day 5 and was maintained in maturity. Reduced glomerular number but similar glomerular density was detected in Irs2-\\/- kidney compared to wild-type, suggesting intact global kidney structure. Analysis of insulin signalling revealed renal-specific upregulation of PKBβ\\/Akt2, hyperphosphorylation of GSK3β and concomitant accumulation of β-catenin in Irs2-\\/- kidney. Despite this, no significant upregulation of β-catenin targets was detected. Kidney-specific increases in Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key driver of organ size were also detected in the absence of Irs2. YAP phosphorylation on its inhibitory site Ser127 was also increased, with no change in the levels of YAP-regulated genes, suggesting that overall YAP activity was not increased in Irs2-\\/- kidney. Conclusions In summary, deletion of Irs2 causes reduced kidney size early in mouse development. Compensatory mechanisms such as increased β-catenin and YAP levels failed to overcome this developmental defect. These data point to Irs2 as an important novel mediator of kidney size.

  10. Deletion of Irs2 causes reduced kidney size in mice: role for inhibition of GSK3beta?

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Carew, Rosemarie M.

    2010-07-06

    Abstract Background Male Irs2-\\/- mice develop fatal type 2 diabetes at 13-14 weeks. Defects in neuronal proliferation, pituitary development and photoreceptor cell survival manifest in Irs2-\\/- mice. We identify retarded renal growth in male and female Irs2-\\/- mice, independent of diabetes. Results Kidney size and kidney:body weight ratio were reduced by approximately 20% in Irs2-\\/- mice at postnatal day 5 and was maintained in maturity. Reduced glomerular number but similar glomerular density was detected in Irs2-\\/- kidney compared to wild-type, suggesting intact global kidney structure. Analysis of insulin signalling revealed renal-specific upregulation of PKBβ\\/Akt2, hyperphosphorylation of GSK3β and concomitant accumulation of β-catenin in Irs2-\\/- kidney. Despite this, no significant upregulation of β-catenin targets was detected. Kidney-specific increases in Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key driver of organ size were also detected in the absence of Irs2. YAP phosphorylation on its inhibitory site Ser127 was also increased, with no change in the levels of YAP-regulated genes, suggesting that overall YAP activity was not increased in Irs2-\\/- kidney. Conclusions In summary, deletion of Irs2 causes reduced kidney size early in mouse development. Compensatory mechanisms such as increased β-catenin and YAP levels failed to overcome this developmental defect. These data point to Irs2 as an important novel mediator of kidney size.

  11. Source properties of the 1998 July 17 Papua New Guinea tsunami based on tide gauge records

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heidarzadeh, Mohammad; Satake, Kenji

    2015-07-01

    We analysed four newly retrieved tide gauge records of the 1998 July 17 Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami to study statistical and spectral properties of this tsunami. The four tide gauge records were from Lombrum (PNG), Rabaul (PNG), Malakal Island (Palau) and Yap Island (State of Yap) stations located 600-1450 km from the source. The tsunami registered a maximum trough-to-crest wave height of 3-9 cm at these gauges. Spectral analysis showed two dominant peaks at period bands of 2-4 and 6-20 min with a clear separation at the period of ˜5 min. We interpreted these peak periods as belonging to the landslide and earthquake sources of the PNG tsunami, respectively. Analysis of the tsunami waveforms revealed 12-17 min delay in landslide generation compared to the origin time of the main shock. Numerical simulations including this delay fairly reproduced the observed tide gauge records. This is the first direct evidence of the delayed landslide source of the 1998 PNG tsunami which was previously indirectly estimated from acoustic T-phase records.

  12. BÜROKRASİ KURAMLARI VE TÜRK KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE BÜROKRATİK SORUNLAR

    OpenAIRE

    AKÇAKAYA, Murat

    2016-01-01

    Max Weber'in kuramsal temellerini attığı bürokrasi, çok farklı tanımları yapılan bir kavramdır. Bürokrasinin; "masaların ve büroların egemenliği", "memurların çalıştığı ofis, büro ya da devlet dairesi", "bürokratların yönetimi", "rasyonel örgüt", "verimsizlik ve kötü yönetim", "kamu yönetimi", "memurlar tarafından yönetim", "büyük yapılı örgütler ve modern toplum" gibi tanımları yapılmaktadır. Bürokrasi daha ...

  13. A new hybrid photomultiplier tube as detector for scintillating crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Notaristefani, F.; Vittori, F.; Puertolas, D.

    2002-01-01

    In this work, we have attentively studied the performance of a new hybrid photomultiplier tube (HPMT) as detector for photons from scintillating crystals. The HPMT is equipped with a YAP window in order to improve light collection and increase measured light response from scintillating crystals. Several measurements have been performed on BGO, LSO, CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) planar crystals having three different surface treatments as well as on YAP : Ce and CsI(Tl) matrices. Such crystals have been coupled to two HPMTs, one equipped with a YAP window (Y-HPMT) and the other with a conventional quartz window (Q-HPMT). Measurements on crystals coupled to the Y-HPMT have shown a consistent improvement of the light response, thanks to the presence of the YAP window. Indeed, the light response measured with the Y-HPMT was on average equal to 1.5, 2.1 and 2.6 times that obtained with the Q-HPMT for planar crystals with white painted (diffusive), fine ground and polished rear surfaces, respectively. With regards to crystal matrices, we measured a light response increase of about 1.2 times

  14. Interactions between polyphenols in thinned young apples and porcine pancreatic α-amylase: Inhibition, detailed kinetics and fluorescence quenching.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Lijun; Chen, Weiqi; Meng, Yonghong; Yang, Xingbin; Yuan, Li; Guo, Yurong; Warren, Frederick J; Gidley, Michael J

    2016-10-01

    Young apple polyphenols (YAP) and nine types of phenolic compounds were investigated regarding the inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) in vitro. Tannic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in YAP showed relatively high inhibition with the IC50 values of 0.30, 1.96 and 3.69mg/mL, respectively. A detailed kinetics of inhibition study revealed that YAP and tannic acid were competitive inhibitors of PPA, whereas chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were mixed inhibitors, exhibiting both competitive and uncompetitive characteristics. The fluorescence of PPA could be significantly quenched by YAP and the three polyphenols, and their quenching constants were determined. The results showed that for the polyphenols investigated, the order of the apparent static quenching constants (KFQ) was in agreement with that of the reciprocal competitive inhibition constants (1/Kic) (tannic acid>chlorogenic acid>caffeic acid>epicatechin); both of the parameters were contrary to the order of the IC50 values. Thus, combining detailed kinetics and fluorescence quenching studies can be applied to characterise the interactions between polyphenols in young apples and α-amylase. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Subsistence and recreational mussel (Perna perna) collecting in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    tional collectors are subject to a daily bag limit of 50 mussels and so select ... in subsistence collecting at Kosi Bay is required, but the limited access policy should ... in India (P. viridis and P. indica), Indonesia (P. viridis) and ...... by women in Palau, Micronesia. ... Inshore marine resources and associated opportunities for.

  16. Isparta İli Kampüs Alanları İçerisinde Belirlenen Yaprakbiti (Hemiptera: Aphididae Türleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alime BAYINDIR EROL

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışma 2015-2016 yıllarında Isparta ili Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Doğu ve Batı Kampüs alanlarındaki otsu bitki, çalı ve ağaçlar üzerinde bulunan yaprakbitlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma yapılan yıllarda Nisan ve Ekim ayları arasında ayda 2 kez olmak üzere arazi çıkışları yapılmıştır. Yaprakbitleri ile bulaşık olan bitki kısımları budama makası ile kesilip kağıt torbalar içerisinde laboratuvara getirilmiştir. Daha sonra % 96'lık alkol içerisine alınarak preparatı yapılmak üzere etiketlenmiştir. Yaprakbitlerinin preparasyonununda Hille Ris Lambers (1950’in uyguladığı yöntem kullanılarak preparat işlemleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçta 31 farklı konukçu bitki üzerinde Aphididae familyasına bağlı Aphidinae, Lachninae ve Pemphiginae altfamilyalarından 18 cinse ait 34 tür belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae ve Rosa sp. (Rosaceae sırasıyla Aphis nasturtii ve Rhodobium porosum için ülkemizde yeni konukçu olarak kaydedilmiştir.

  17. Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) functions as a tumor suppressor through deubiquitinating and stabilizing VGLL4 protein

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Encheng; Shen, Bing; Mu, Xingyu; Qin, Yan; Zhang, Fang; Liu, Yong; Xiao, Jiantao; Zhang, Pingzhao; Wang, Chenji; Tan, Mingyue; Fan, Yu

    2016-01-01

    VGLL4 is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with transcription factors TEADs and inhibits YAP-induced overgrowth and tumorigenesis. VGLL4 protein was dramatically reduced in various types of human cancers. But how VGLL4 protein is post-transcriptional regulated is poorly understood. In this study, we identify deubiquitinating enzyme USP11 as a novel VGLL4 interactor. We reveal that the USP domain of USP11 and the N-terminal region of VGLL4 are required for mutual binding. USP11 controls VGLL4 protein stability by promoting its deubiquitination. Furthermore, our results show that knockdown of USP11 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in a YAP-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that USP11 may exert its tumor suppressor role by modulating VGLL4/YAP-TEADs regulatory loop. PMID:28042509

  18. Çamlıbel - Ulubey (Uşak) Beyaz Mermerinin Jeolojik ve Fiziko-Mekanik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

    OpenAIRE

    ÇELİK, Mustafa Yavuz; KIRILIVEREN, Sabri

    2012-01-01

    Menderes Masifinde yer alan Uşak bölgesi önemli bir mermer potansiyeline sahiptir. Bölgede Karahallı, Sivaslı ve Ulubey ilçeleri civarında mermer blok üretimi yapılmaktadır. Bu makalede, Çamlıbel-Ulubey (Uşak) beyaz mermerinin, mermer olarak kullanılabilirliği irdelenmiş ve yöre mermerleriyle karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştır. Çamlıbel-Ulubey (Uşak) beyaz mermerinin özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan deneylerde özgül kütle 2,73 g/cm3, kütlece su emme oranı % 0,06, doluluk oranı % 99,3, b...

  19. Politik güven: dindarlık, yetkecilik, sistemi meşrulaştırma ve değerler açısından bir inceleme

    OpenAIRE

    SÖNMEZ, Burçak

    2014-01-01

    “Kamu Bürokrasisinde Yolsuzluğun Yapılasması” konulu tezçalısmasında, modernitenin yükselisi ile birlikte imal edilmis risklerin enönemlilerinden kabul edilen yolsuzluğun, Türkiye kamu bürokrasisindeyapılasıp yapılasmadığını ortaya koymak için betimleyici ve açıklayıcı birçalısma yapılması amaçlanmıstır. “Uluslararası Seffaflık Örgütü”nün yapmısolduğu yolsuzluk indeksinde orta sıralarda bulunan Türkiye, yolsuzluğunulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde olumsuz sonuçlarıyla karsılasmaktadır. ...

  20. Energy Transition Initiative: Island Energy Snapshot - Palau; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    None

    2015-06-01

    This profile provides a snapshot of the energy landscape of Palau, an independent island nation geographically located in the Micronesia region. Palau’s residential electricity rates are approximately $0.28 U.S. dollars (USD) per kilowatt-hour (kWh), more than twice the average U.S. residential rate of $0.13 USD/kWh.

  1. Viral hepatitis in a homeless shelter in Hawai'i.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boyce, Daniel E C; Tice, Alan D; Ona, Fernando V; Akinaka, Kenneth T; Lusk, Heather

    2009-06-01

    It is estimated that as many as 21,000 people in the state of Hawai'i may be infected with HCV Most of those infected with viral hepatitis are unaware they are infected. Complications from viral hepatitis include liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hawai'i has the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. In 2003 there were over 6000 homeless and over 155,000 people at-risk of becoming homeless living in the state of Hawai'i. Risk factors for hepatitis, such as drug use, tattoos, sexual contact, and sharing of personal hygiene equipment are more prevalent in the homeless population. To determine the incidence of hepatitis B and C among a population of homeless individuals, a health fair was held at a Honolulu area homeless shelter with approximately 200 residents. The incidence of hepatitis B and C was determined by anti-HCV and HBsAg blood tests. A survey was also conducted regarding risk factors and basic demographics. Fifty-nine homeless adults volunteered for testing and took the survey. Thirty-one (52%) volunteers were born in Micronesia, twenty-four (41%) were born in the United States, two (3%) were born in Samoa, one (2%) was born in the Philippines, and one (2%) was born in the Marshall Islands. Forty adults were tested for Hepatitis C antibody, three of which tested positive. The primary risk factor among this group was jail time (100%), followed by illegal drug injection (67%), tattoos (67%), ear/body piercing (67%), snorting drugs (33%), blood transfusions (33%), and a sex partner with hepatitis (33%). Forty adults were also tested for HBsAg, One of which tested positive. This was a recent immigrant from Micronesia. Homeless people in Hawai'i are more likely to have hepatitis B or C because risk factors are common among this population. Additionally a large proportion of Hawai'i's homeless people come from the Pacific Islands, where the prevalence of hepatitis B is one of the highest in the world. In addition there

  2. Building a Capabilities Network to Improve Disaster Preparation Effort in the Pacific Command Area of Responsibility

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-06-01

    Korea, North Korea, Laos, Malaysia , the Maldives, Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines...Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia , Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea...people in under- developed communities. It emphasizes proper nutrition by training families on how to eat balanced diets and the importance of

  3. The investigation of YAlO{sub 3}-NdAlO{sub 3} system, synthesis and characterization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Szysiak, A., E-mail: agnieszka.szysiak@itme.edu.pl [Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw (Poland); Klimm, D.; Ganschow, S. [Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth, Max-Born Str. 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Mirkowska, M.; Diduszko, R.; Lipinska, L. [Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw (Poland); Kwasniewski, A. [Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth, Max-Born Str. 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Pajaczkowska, A. [Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw (Poland)

    2011-09-01

    Highlights: {center_dot} The system YAlO{sub 3}-NdAlO{sub 3} is pseudo-binary. {center_dot} Both end members show high mutual solubility >25% in the solid phase. {center_dot} A solid solution Y{sub 0.8}Nd{sub 0.2} melts azeotropic ca. 20{sup o} below pure YAP. {center_dot} All YAP-rich solid solutions have the 2-phase region between solidus and liquidus. - Abstract: The pseudo-binary phase diagram of the YAlO{sub 3} (YAP)-NdAlO{sub 3} (NAP) system was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements. High purity nanocrystalline powders and small single crystals of Y{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}AlO{sub 3} (0 {<=} x {<=} 1) have been produced successfully by modified sol-gel (Pechini) and micro-pulling-down methods, respectively. Both end members show high mutual solubility >25% in the solid phase, with a miscibility gap for intermediate compositions. A solid solution with x {approx} 0.2 melts azeotropic ca. 20{sup o} below pure YAP. Such crystals can be grown from the melt without segregation. The narrow solid/liquid region near the azeotrope point could be measured with a 'cycling' DTA measurement technique.

  4. DIE PROBLEMATIK VON “UMWEGEN” IN DER ÜBERSETZUNG DEUTSCHSPRACHIGER LITERATUR INS TÜRKISCHE UND IHRE REZEPTION VON GERMANISTIK-STUDENTEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    İbrahim İLKHAN

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Edebi çeviri eyleminde, özellikle metaforik yapılarda, “dolaylı” tercümenin kaçınılmaz olduğu görüşü bir tez olarak öne sürülebilir. Çevirinin eşdeğer olması/olmaması doğrudan bu eylem ile ilgilidir. Tanzimat döneminde batı Edebiyatlarından Türkçeye yapılan çeviriler niceliksel olarak artmışken, niteliksel olarak çevirmenlerin fazla bir kaygı taşımadığını söyleyebiliriz. Batı Edebiyatlarından yapılan çevirilerde çevirmen empati yolu ile yazarın iletişimsel olarak kast ettiklerini algılayıp, dolaylı yoldan metni yeniden biçimlendirdiği görülmektedir. Ne var ki abartılı ve aşırı yorum çoğu kez metnin anlaşılabilirliğini zedelemektedir. Alman Edebiyatından Türkçeye yapılan çevirilerde bunun örnekleri bariz bir şekilde görülmektedir.

  5. Dünya’da Yoğurt ve Üretimi

    OpenAIRE

    Konar, Atilla

    2015-01-01

    Bu yayın yoğurt yapımı konusunda en son basılmış bilgileri incelemektedir. Birçok yapım tekniği değerlendirilmiş ve yoğurt üretiminde kullanılan “Katkı maddeleri” (Additives) ve mikroorganizma üzerinde özellikle durulmuştur. Yoğurt’un yapım sonrası dayanıklılık süresinin uzatılabilmesi için gerekli tekniklerde ayrıca görüşülmüştür.  Çeşitli ülkelerin yoğurt ile ilgili yasal standartları, halen mevcut veya ticarette geçerli olabilecek uygulamalar ışığında dikkate alınmıştır....

  6. Basit Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi İle Hiyerarşik Doğrusal Modeller Analizinin Karşılaştırılması

    OpenAIRE

    ATAR, Burcu

    2014-01-01

    Hiyerarşik veya iç içe geçmiş yapıdaki verilere birçok araştırma alanında rastlanmaktadır. Eğitim alanında öğrenciler, sınıf, okul, şehir, ülke gibi hiyerarşik bir sosyal yapının içinde yer alırlar. Bu yapıdaki bir veride aynı sınıftaki veya okuldaki öğrenciler, evrenden rasgele seçilen öğrencilere göre birbirlerine daha benzer özellikler gösterirler. O halde, aynı sosyal birimde yer alan bireylerden elde edilen gözlemlerin birbirinden tamamen bağımsız olduğu söylenemez. Halbuki doğrusal regr...

  7. Scintillation response of BaF sub 2 and YAlO sub 3 Ce) to energetic ions

    CERN Document Server

    Slunga, E; Ideguchi, E; Kérek, A; Klamra, W; Marel, J V D; Novák, D; Norlin, L O

    2001-01-01

    The scintillation response of BaF sub 2 and YAP:Ce to protons, alpha particles, sup 1 sup 6 O and sup 2 sup 8 Si ions in the 5-30 MeV range has been investigated. The ratio between the fast and slow parts of the scintillator signal for BaF sub 2 has been used to separate protons, alpha particles and heavier ions, and the dependence of this ratio on the particle energy has been studied. The time constants and intensities of the two components of the YAP:Ce signal were measured, as were the time constant and intensity of the weak component of the slow part of the BaF sub 2 signal. Furthermore, the dependence of the light yield on the particle energy has been investigated for both BaF sub 2 and YAP:Ce.

  8. Farklı Hayvan Türlerine Ait Karkas Etlerinin ve Mekanik Sıyrılmış Etlerin, Kimyasal Yapılarına ve SDS-PAGE Yardımıyla Saptanan Protein Profillerine Göre Belirlenmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayça Yaralı

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada farklı hayvan karkas etleri ve farklı mekanik sıyrılmış etlerinin kimyasal bileşimi, atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometresi ile mineral madde bileşimi ve SDS­PAGE ile protein bant dizilimi incelenmiştir. Bu yöntemler ile tür ayrımı ve MDM ayrımı yapılmıştır. Özellikle MDM örneklerinin protein, yağ ve kalsiyum içerikleri diğer karkas etlerinden önemli ölçüde farklı olarak bulunmuştur. Karkas örneklerinin sodyum miktarının MDM örnekleriyle karşılaştırıldığında yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, deneye tabi tutulan makro elementler içinde magnezyum içeriğinin düşük değerlerde olduğu gözlenmiştir. SDS­PAGE bant diziliminde myofibriler proteinler ve sarkoplazmik proteinler incelenmiştir. Elektoroforez jellerinin görüntü analizi ve nicel analizi için densitometre cihazı (The Imager BL, Biolab UviTec software kullanılmıştır.

  9. Comments about Yozgat Bascavusoglu Mosque and Ornaments(YOZGAT BAŞÇAVUŞOĞLU CAMİİ VE SÜSLEMELERİ ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oğulcan Avcı

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, 19. yüzyılın başında Çapanoğlu Süleyman Bey’in başçavuşu Halil Ağa tarafından Yozgat ilinin merkezinde inşa edilmiş Başçavuşoğlu Camii’nin mimarisi ve süslemeleri incelenmiştir. Başçavuş Halil Ağa’nın Çapanoğlu sülalesinin emrinde olması onu önemli bir kişi kılmaktadır. Söz konusu yapı ile ilgili Rüçhan Arık, Hakkı Acun gibi araştırmacılar çalışmalar yapmıştır. Yapı, Yozgat iline hâkim bir noktaya konumlandırılmış ve külliyenin bir parçasıdır. Külliyede yer alan yapılardan cami, çeşme, hamam sağlam olmasına rağmen, medrese günümüze gelememiştir. Külliyenin en önemli yapısı camidir. Yapı Batılılaşma döneminin hemen hemen tüm özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Yapının dış cepheleri oldukça sade olmasına rağmen iç kısmı yoğun şekilde süslenmiştir. Cami’nin kalemişi süslemeleri bitkisel ve geometrik motifler ile mimari ögeler ve doğadan manzaralar içeren duvar resimlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bitkisel süslemeler genellikle farklı çiçek türlerini içermektedir. Duvar resimlerinde cami, değirmen, medrese, köprü gibi farklı yapı türleri görülmektedir. Bu yapı türlerinin hayalî manzaralar değil, dönemin Yozgat tasvirleri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca yapıdaki ahşap, maden ve alçı süslemeler de çok yönlü irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yozgat, Başçavuşoğlu Camii, kalemişi, Batılılaşma, Osmanlı Abstract: In this study, it is studied architecture ornaments in Bascavusoglu Mosque built by Halil Aga who was master-sergeat of Capanoglu Süleyman Bey center of Yozgat province in early 19. Century. Halil Aga was personage beacuse he worked under Capanoglu family. The mosque in point was studied by researchers such as Rüçhan Arık, Hakkı Acun. The mosque is centrally located in Yozgat and in social complex. Some of buildings in this social complex are solid but madrasah is not

  10. Assessing the health care system of services for non-communicable diseases in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands: a Pacific regional perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aitaoto, Nia; Ichiho, Henry M

    2013-05-01

    Non-communicable diseases (NCD) have been recognized as a major health threat in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) and health officials declared it an emergency.1 In an effort to address this emergent pandemic, the Pacific Chronic Disease Council (PCDC) conducted an assessment in all six USAPI jurisdictions which include American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Guam, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and the Republic of Palau to assess the capacity of the administrative, clinical, support, and data systems to address the problems of NCD. Findings reveal significant gaps in addressing NCDs across all jurisdictions and the negative impact of lifestyle behaviors, overweight, and obesity on the morbidity and mortality of the population. In addition, stakeholders from each site identified and prioritized administrative and clinical systems of service needs.

  11. Üzüm Çekirdeği Tozu ve Peynir Altı Suyu Tozunun Tavuk Nugget Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ece Cagdas

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışma kapsamında; buğday unu, mısır unu, tuz ve kabartma ajanı ile hazırlanan basit kaplama hamuruna değişik oranlarda üzüm çekirdeği tozu (GSP eklenerek kaplanan ve peynir altı suyu tozu çözeltisine (WPS daldırılarak kaplanan tavuk eti parçalarının ön kızartma işleminden sonra nem, protein, yağ ve yüzeyde yapışma miktarları belirlenmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra, doku, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM ve tiyobarbitürik asit (TBA analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda GSP miktarı arttıkça nem (%66.20±0.71 – 68.22±0.38, protein (%16.16±1.36 – 19.73±1.40 ve yüzeyde yapışma miktarı (%26.27±0.43 – 36.13±0.71 artış gösterirken yağ miktarında (%8.18±0.17 – 4.78±0.54 azalış meydana gelmiştir. En düşük yağ miktarları WPS’ye daldırılarak hazırlanan örneklerde bulunmuştur. Uygulama yapılan örneklerde ön kızartma işleminden sonra da antioksidan aktivite gözlenmiş ve uygulama yapılan tüm örneklerin TBA değerleri (23.30±1.61 – 27.17±1.12 mg MDA/kg kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında daha düşük seviyelerde olsa da önemli bir fark belirlenmemiştir (P>0.05. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kaplama harcı malzemesi olarak GSP kullanımı ve WPS’ye daldırma işlemi kaplama harcının kalitesinin geliştirilmesinde bir potansiyele sahiptir.

  12. AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE DEVLETİN YENİDEN YAPILANDIRILMASINA YÖNELİK UYGULAMALAR (Clinton-Al Gore Girişimi: 1993-2001)

    OpenAIRE

    Aktan, Coşkun Can

    2018-01-01

    ABD’nde devletin yeniden yapılandırılması çalışmaları William Clinton’un başkanlığı döneminde Başkan Yardımcılığı görevini yürüten Al Gore öncülüğünde yürütülmüştür. ABD’nde bu amaçla National Performance Review adlı bir de yeniden yapılandırma laboratuvarı kurulmuştur. Bu kurum daha sonra National Partnership for Reinventing Government adını almıştır. Bu çalışmada 1993-2001 yılları arasında ABD’nde devletin yeniden yapılandırılmasına yönelik uygulamalar incelenmektedir....

  13. Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shin, B.K., E-mail: bkshin@hanyang.ac.kr [Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Tokuno, H.; Tsunesada, Y. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo (Japan); Abu-Zayyad, T. [University of Utah, High Energy Astrophysics Institute, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Aida, R. [University of Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Kofu, Yamanashi (Japan); Allen, M.; Anderson, R. [University of Utah, High Energy Astrophysics Institute, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Azuma, R. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo (Japan); Barcikowski, E.; Belz, J.W.; Bergman, D.R.; Blake, S.A.; Cady, R. [University of Utah, High Energy Astrophysics Institute, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Cheon, B.G., E-mail: bgcheon@hanyang.ac.kr [Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Chiba, J. [Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba (Japan); Chikawa, M. [Kinki University, Higashi Osaka, Osaka (Japan); Cho, E.J. [Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Cho, W.R. [Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Fujii, H. [Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan); Fujii, T. [Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka (Japan); and others

    2014-12-21

    The stability of the gain of the photomultiplier (PMT) camera for the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Telescope Array experiment was monitored using an {sup 241}Am loaded scintillator pulsers (YAP) and a diffused xenon flasher (TXF) for a selected set of 35 PMT-readout channels. From the monitoring of YAP pulses over four years of FD operation, we found slow monotonic drifts of PMT gains at a rate of −1.7∼+1.7%/year. An average of the PMT gains over the 35 channels stayed nearly constant with a rate of change measured at −0.01±0.31(stat)±0.21(sys)%/year. No systematic decrease of the PMT gain caused by the night sky background was observed. Monitoring by the TXF also tracked the PMT gain drift of the YAP at 0.88±0.14(stat)%/year.

  14. Swot Analizinin Sağlık Kurumlarında Uygulanması: Ev İdaresi Örneği

    OpenAIRE

    UĞURLUOĞLU, Doç. Dr. Özgür; ÖZTUNÇ, Burcu; DEMİR, Arş. Gör. Uzm. İpek BİLGİN

    2015-01-01

    Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hastaneleri Ev İdaresi Müdürlüğü’nün SWOT analizinin yapılması suretiyle, ev idaresi hizmetlerinin daha etkin ve verimli şekilde yürütülebilmesi için neler yapılması gerektiğinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada Ev İdaresi Müdürlüğü SWOT analizi; Müdürlükte görevli 12 saha sorumlusu ve yöneticisinin katılımı ile ve nominal grup tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan SWOT analizi sonucunda, Müdürlüğün daha çok üstünlük (örn; yüksek sorun çözme ...

  15. Polo-Like Kinase 2 is Dynamically Regulated to Coordinate Proliferation and Early Lineage Specification Downstream of Yes-Associated Protein 1 in Cardiac Progenitor Cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mochizuki, Michika; Lorenz, Vera; Ivanek, Robert; Della Verde, Giacomo; Gaudiello, Emanuele; Marsano, Anna; Pfister, Otmar; Kuster, Gabriela M

    2017-10-24

    Recent studies suggest that adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) can produce new cardiac cells. Such cell formation requires an intricate coordination of progenitor cell proliferation and commitment, but the molecular cues responsible for this regulation in CPCs are ill defined. Extracellular matrix components are important instructors of cell fate. Using laminin and fibronectin, we induced two slightly distinct CPC phenotypes differing in proliferation rate and commitment status and analyzed the early transcriptomic response to CPC adhesion (<2 hours). Ninety-four genes were differentially regulated on laminin versus fibronectin, consisting of mostly downregulated genes that were enriched for Yes-associated protein (YAP) conserved signature and TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1)-related genes. This early gene regulation was preceded by the rapid cytosolic sequestration and degradation of YAP on laminin. Among the most strongly regulated genes was polo-like kinase 2 ( Plk2 ). Plk2 expression depended on YAP stability and was enhanced in CPCs transfected with a nuclear-targeted mutant YAP. Phenotypically, the early downregulation of Plk2 on laminin was succeeded by lower cell proliferation, enhanced lineage gene expression (24 hours), and facilitated differentiation (3 weeks) compared with fibronectin. Finally, overexpression of Plk2 enhanced CPC proliferation and knockdown of Plk2 induced the expression of lineage genes. Plk2 acts as coordinator of cell proliferation and early lineage commitment in CPCs. The rapid downregulation of Plk2 on YAP inactivation marks a switch towards enhanced commitment and facilitated differentiation. These findings link early gene regulation to cell fate and provide novel insights into how CPC proliferation and differentiation are orchestrated. © 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

  16. MUC1-C Represses the Crumbs Complex Polarity Factor CRB3 and Downregulates the Hippo Pathway

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alam, Maroof; Bouillez, Audrey; Tagde, Ashujit; Ahmad, Rehan; Rajabi, Hasan; Maeda, Takahiro; Hiraki, Masayuki; Suzuki, Yozo; Kufe, Donald

    2016-01-01

    Apical-basal polarity and epithelial integrity are maintained in part by the Crumbs (CRB) complex. The C-terminal subunit of MUC1 (MUC1-C) is a transmembrane protein that is expressed at the apical border of normal epithelial cells and aberrantly at high levels over the entire surface of their transformed counterparts. However, it is not known if MUC1-C contributes to this loss of polarity that is characteristic of carcinoma cells. Here it is demonstrated that MUC1-C downregulates expression of the Crumbs complex CRB3 protein in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. MUC1-C associates with ZEB1 on the CRB3 promoter and represses CRB3 transcription. Notably, CRB3 activates the core kinase cassette of the Hippo pathway, which includes LATS1 and LATS2. In this context, targeting MUC1-C was associated with increased phosphorylation of LATS1, consistent with activation of the Hippo pathway, which is critical for regulating cell contact, tissue repair, proliferation and apoptosis. Also shown is that MUC1-C-mediated suppression of CRB3 and the Hippo pathway is associated with dephosphorylation and activation of the oncogenic YAP protein. In turn, MUC1-C interacts with YAP, promotes formation of YAP/β-catenin complexes and induces the WNT target gene MYC. These data support a previously unrecognized model in which targeting MUC1-C in TNBC cells (i) induces CRB3 expression, (ii) activates the CRB3-driven Hippo pathway, (iii) inactivates YAP, and thereby (iv) suppresses YAP/β-catenin-mediated induction of MYC expression. Implications These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for the MUC1-C oncoprotein in the regulation of polarity and the Hippo pathway in breast cancer. PMID:27658423

  17. Characterization of dual layer phoswich detector performance for small animal PET using Monte Carlo simulation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chung, Yong Hyun; Choi, Yong; Cho, Gyuseong; Choe, Yearn Seong; Lee, Kyung-Han; Kim, Byung-Tae

    2004-01-01

    A positron emission tomograph dedicated to small animal imaging should have high spatial resolution and sensitivity, and dual layer scintillators have been developed for this purpose. In this study, simulations were performed to optimize the order and the length of each crystal of a dual layer phoswich detector, and to evaluate the possibility of measuring signals from each layer of the phoswich detector. A simulation tool GATE was used to estimate the sensitivity and resolution of a small PET scanner. The proposed scanner is based on dual layer phoswich detector modules arranged in a ring of 10 cm diameter. Each module is composed of 8 x 8 arrays of phoswich detectors consisting of LSO and LuYAP with a 2 mm x 2 mm sensitive area coupled to a Hamamatsu R7600-00-M64 PSPMT. The length of the front layer of the phoswich detector varied from 0 to 10 mm at 1 mm intervals, and the total length (LSO + LuYAP) was fixed at 20 mm. The order of the crystal layers of the phoswich detector was also changed. Radial resolutions were kept below 3.4 mm and 3.7 mm over 8 cm FOV, and sensitivities were 7.4% and 8.0% for LSO 5 mm-LuYAP 15 mm, and LuYAP 6 mm-LSO 14 mm phoswich detectors, respectively. Whereas, high and uniform resolutions were achieved by using the LSO front layer, higher sensitivities were obtained by changing the crystal order. The feasibilities for applying crystal identification methods to phoswich detectors consisting of LSO and LuYAP were investigated using simulation and experimentally derived measurements of the light outputs from each layer of the phoswich detector. In this study, the optimal order and lengths of the dual layer phoswich detector were derived in order to achieve high sensitivity and high and uniform radial resolution

  18. An Investigation of X-ray Luminosity versus Crystalline Powder Granularity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Borade, Ramesh; Bourret-Courchesne, Edith; ,

    2012-03-07

    At the High-throughput Discovery of Scintillator Materials Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, scintillators are synthesized by solid-state reaction or melt mixing, forming crystalline powders. These powders are formed in various granularity and the crystal grain size affects the apparent luminosity of the scintillator. To accurately predict a "full-size" scintillator's crystal luminosity, the crystal luminosity as a function of crystal granularity size has to be known. In this study, we examine Bi{sub 4}Ge{sub 3}O{sub 12} (BGO), Lu{sub 2}SiO{sub 5}:Ce (LSO), YAlO{sub 3}:Ce (YAP:Ce), and CsBa{sub 2}I{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+} (CBI) luminosities as a function of crystalline grain size. The highest luminosities were measured for 600- to 1000-{micro}m crystal grain sizes for BGO and LSO, for 310- to 600-{micro}m crystal grain sizes for CBI, and for crystal grains larger than 165{micro}m for YAP:Ce. Crystal grains that were larger than 1 mm had a lower packing fraction, and smaller grains were affected by internal scattering. We measured a 34% decrease in luminosity for BGO when decreasing from the 600- to 1000- {micro}m crystal grain size range down to the 20- to 36-{micro}m range. The corresponding luminosity decrease for LSO was 44% for the same grain size decrease. YAP:Ce exhibited a luminosity decrease of 47% when the grain size decreased from the 165- to 310-{micro}m crystal grains to the 20- to 36-{micro}m range, and CBI exhibited a luminosity decrease of 98% when the grain size decreased from the 310- to 600-{micro}m crystal grain range to the 36- to 50-{micro}m range. We were able to very accurately estimate full-size crystal luminosities from crystalline grains that are larger than 90 {micro}m.

  19. An investigation of X-ray luminosity versus crystalline powder granularity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Janecek, Martin; Borade, Ramesh; Bourret-Courchesne, Edith; Derenzo, Stephen E.

    2011-01-01

    At the High-Throughput Discovery of Scintillator Materials Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, scintillators are synthesized by solid-state reaction or melt mixing, forming crystalline powders. These powders are formed in various granularity and the crystal grain size affects the apparent luminosity of the scintillator. To accurately predict a “full-size” scintillator's crystal luminosity, the crystal luminosity as a function of crystal granularity size has to be known. In this study, we examine Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (BGO), Lu 2 SiO 5 :Ce 3+ (LSO), YAlO 3 :Ce 3+ (YAP:Ce), and CsBa 2 I 5 :Eu 2+ (CBI) luminosities as a function of crystalline grain size. The highest luminosities were measured for 600- to 1000-μm crystal grain sizes for BGO and LSO, for 310- to 600-μm crystal grain sizes for CBI, and for crystal grains larger than 165 μm for YAP:Ce. Crystal grains that were larger than 1 mm had a lower packing fraction, and smaller grains were affected by internal scattering. We measured a 34% decrease in luminosity for BGO when decreasing from the 600- to 1000-μm crystal grain size range down to the 20- to 36-μm range. The corresponding luminosity decrease for LSO was 44% for the same grain size decrease. YAP:Ce exhibited a luminosity decrease of 47% when the grain size decreased from the 165- to 310-μm crystal grains to the 20- to 36-μm range, and CBI exhibited a luminosity decrease of 98% when the grain size decreased from the 310- to 600-μm crystal grain range to the 36- to 50-μm range. We were able to very accurately estimate full-size crystal luminosities from crystalline grains that are larger than 90 μm.

  20. Preparing the United States for Zika Virus: Pre-emptive Vector Control and Personal Protection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diaz, James H

    2016-12-01

    Discovered in 1947 in a monkey in the Zika forest of Uganda, Zika virus was dismissed as a cause of a mild illness that was confined to Africa and Southeast Asia and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. In 2007, Zika virus appeared outside of its endemic borders in an outbreak on the South Pacific Island of Yap. In 2013, Zika virus was associated with a major neurological complication, Guillain-Barré syndrome, in a larger outbreak in the French Polynesian Islands. From the South Pacific, Zika invaded Brazil in 2015 and caused another severe neurological complication, fetal microcephaly. The mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus can be propagated by sexual transmission and, possibly, by blood transfusions, close personal contacts, and organ transplants, like other flaviviruses. Since these combined mechanisms of infectious disease transmission could result in catastrophic incidences of severe neurological diseases in adults and children, the public should know what to expect from Zika virus, how to prevent infection, and what the most likely failures in preventive measures will be. With federal research funding stalled, a Zika vaccine is far away. The only national strategies to prepare the United States for Zika virus invasion now are effective vector control measures and personal protection from mosquito bites. In addition to a basic knowledge of Aedes mosquito vectors and their biting behaviors, an understanding of simple household vector control measures, and the selection of the best chemical and physical mosquito repellents will be required to repel the Zika threat. Copyright © 2016 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Estimation of Fano factor in inorganic scintillators

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bora, Vaibhav, E-mail: bora.vaibhav@gmail.com [Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 (United States); Barrett, Harrison H., E-mail: barrett@radiology.arizona.edu [Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 (United States); Fastje, David, E-mail: dfastje@gmail.com [Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 (United States); Clarkson, Eric, E-mail: clarkson@radiology.arizona.edu [Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 (United States); Furenlid, Lars, E-mail: furen@radiology.arizona.edu [Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 (United States); Bousselham, Abdelkader, E-mail: abousselham@qf.org.qa [Qatar Foundation, QEERI, P.O. Box 5825, Doha (Qatar); Shah, Kanai S., E-mail: kanaishah@yahoo.com [Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, MA 02472 (United States); Glodo, Jarek, E-mail: jglodo@rmdinc.com [Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, MA 02472 (United States)

    2016-01-01

    The Fano factor of an integer-valued random variable is defined as the ratio of its variance to its mean. Correlation between the outputs of two photomultiplier tubes on opposite faces of a scintillation crystal was used to estimate the Fano factor of photoelectrons and scintillation photons. Correlations between the integrals of the detector outputs were used to estimate the photoelectron and photon Fano factor for YAP:Ce, SrI{sub 2}:Eu and CsI:Na scintillator crystals. At 662 keV, SrI{sub 2}:Eu was found to be sub-Poisson, while CsI:Na and YAP:Ce were found to be super-Poisson. An experiment setup inspired from the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment was used to measure the correlations as a function of time between the outputs of two photomultiplier tubes looking at the same scintillation event. A model of the scintillation and the detection processes was used to generate simulated detector outputs as a function of time for different values of Fano factor. The simulated outputs from the model for different Fano factors was compared to the experimentally measured detector outputs to estimate the Fano factor of the scintillation photons for YAP:Ce, LaBr{sub 3}:Ce scintillator crystals. At 662 keV, LaBr{sub 3}:Ce was found to be sub-Poisson, while YAP:Ce was found to be close to Poisson.

  2. GIDA ENDÜSTRİSİNDE KULLANILAN YÜKSEK HİDROSTATİK BASINÇ SİSTEMLERİ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yahya TÜLEK

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available Gıda muhafazası, gıda maddelerinin mikrobiyal bozulmalara karşı korunması veya gıda güvenliğini tehdit edici unsurlara karşı korunması için yapılan sürekli bir mücadeledir. Daha besleyici, yüksek duyusal kalitede daha taze gıda ürünlerine artan müşteri talebinin karşılanması ve kabul edilebilir bir raf ömrü elde edebilmek için yapılan çalışmalar, son on yıllık dönemde, özellikle ısıl işlem içermeyen (non-thermal inaktivasyon teknikleri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda; iyonize radyasyon, yüksek hidrostatik basınç (YHB, vurgulu elektrik alanı, yüksek basınç homejenizasyonu, UV ışınlama vb. inaktivasyon teknikleri incelenmektedir. Araştırmaların çoğu, YHB sistemleri ve uygulamaları üzerine yoğunlaşmış olup, bu makalede YHB sistemlerinin detaylı bir incelemesi yapılmıştır.

  3. Preverbal Particles in Pingelapese: A Language of Micronesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hattori, Ryoko

    2012-01-01

    This dissertation presents a synchronic and diachronic study of Pingelapese pronouns and auxiliary verbs--"ae", "e", "aen", and "en". Synchronically, Pingelapese employs subject pronominal clitics, not subject agreement markers, unlike Proto-Micronesian and many other contemporary Micronesian languages.…

  4. Travmatik pankreatoduodenal yaralanmalarda acil Whipple ameliyatı ne kadar güvenlidir?

    OpenAIRE

    Kumar, Navin; Rehmani, Babar; Verma, R. K.

    2014-01-01

    Whipple ameliyatı, endoskopi sırasındaki duodenum travmaları, kanamalı duodenal tümörler ve pankreas-duodenum travmalarında acil şartlarda yapılması gerekebilir. Bu durumda morbidite ve mortalite oranı yüksektir. Bu yazıda, travmaya bağlı olarak grade 4 pankreatikoduodenal yaralanma oluşan bir hastada başarılı bir şekilde yapılan Whipple ameliyatlı bir hasta sunulmuştur.

  5. İlköğretim 8. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitabı’nın ‘Duygular’ Temasında Yer Alan Okuma Metinlerine Metindilbilimsel Bir Yaklaşım A Linguistic Approach to Reading Texts Reviewed Within the Context of Emotions, in the Turkish Textbooks of the Eighth Grade of Primary Education

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    İlker AYDIN

    2012-09-01

    alan „Nerede İnsan Varsa Orada Umut Vardır‟, „Kedi Ağaca Çıktı‟ ve „Hazır Olun Fırtına Geliyor‟ adlı kısa öyküler metindilbilimsel bir bakış açısıyla incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Metnin temel konusu ve alt konularının belirlenmesi; metnin görünen, anlaşılan kısmının, yani yüzey yapısının yanında, metnin derin yapısının, yani metnin arka planının ortaya konması ancak metindilbilimsel bir yaklaşımla mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle metnin küçük ölçekli yapısını oluşturan artgönderim, öngönderim, eksiltili yapı, yineleme, bağıntı öğeleri, eşdizimsel örüntü gibi dilbilgisel ve sözcüksel bağlaşıklık düzenekleri ele alınmış, daha sonra öykülerden alınan örneklerle konuya açıklık kazandırılmıştır. Metnin büyük ölçekli yapısı bağlamında, anı türündeki „Hazır Olun Fırtına Geliyor‟, deneme türündeki „Nerede İnsan Varsa Orada Umut Vardır‟ ve mizah türündeki „Kedi Ağaca Çıktı‟ adlı metinler yorumlanmış, aynı kavram alanından sözcüklerin oluşturduğu örüntü ve bağlaşıklık düzeneklerine dayanarak anlamsal büyük yapıya ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Metnin büyük ölçekli yapısını oluşturan küçük ölçekli yapı taşları, metnin diğer ögeleriyle metin örüntüsünü gerçekleştirerek metni anlamlı kılmaktadır. Metin çözümlemelerinde, küçük ölçekli yapıdan büyük ölçekli yapıya, büyük ölçekli yapıdan da üst yapı kategorilerine ulaşılmaya çalışılmalıdır. Metindilbilimin amacı, metinlerin yapılarını, yani dilbilgisel ve içeriksel kurgulanma biçimlerini ve bildirişimsel işlevlerini ortaya çıkarmak ve uygulamalı örneklerle göstermektir. Çalışma, metnin sıralı tümceler dizisi değil, izlek ve yapı yönünden tutarlı ve sürekli bir bütün olduğu gerçeğini öyküler üzerinden bize sunmaktadır.

  6. Nasturi Toplumunda Hayvan Yetiştiriciliği ve Ticareti (XIX. Yüzyılın İkinci Yarısında)

    OpenAIRE

    DALYAN, Murat Gökhan

    2010-01-01

    XIX. Yüzyılda Hakkâri ve Urmiye bölgesinde yaşayan Nasturiler arasında ekonomik olarak hayvancılık mühim bir yer işgal etmiştir. Beslenen hayvanların tür olarak dağılışında genel olarak coğrafi ve tarım alanlarının yapısı etkili olmuştur. Bu bağlamda tarım alanlarının fazla olduğu Urmiye’de büyükbaş hayvancılık gerçekleştirilirken; Hakkâri dağlarında ise daha çok küçükbaş hayvancılık yapılmıştır. Yük hayvanı olarak da özelikle engebeli arazi yapısından dolayı katır beslenmiştir. Nasturiler ar...

  7. Kesinleşen Tarih ve Yeni Bir Ad / History Made Certain and New Name

    OpenAIRE

    YURTTAŞ, Hüseyin; KINDIĞILI, Muhammed Lütfü

    2018-01-01

    Ö Z E TCimcime Hatun adı ile bilinen yapı, Erzurum şehir surları içerisindebulunmaktadır. Cumhuriyet Caddesi üzerindeki kümbet, Ulu Cami’ninkuzeybatısına düşmektedir. Yapının etrafını saran dükkân ve evlerin yıkılmasıylaşimdiye kadar bilinmeyen giriş kapısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Kümbetin kapıaçıklığının iç üç yanında yer alan ve atkı taşı hizasındaki iki satırlık yazıt, mezaranıtının kime ait olduğunun anlaşılması ve yapılış tarihini vermesiyle önemlidir.Kitabede tarih kısmı 704 H./1304 M. ol...

  8. Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program for remote underserved minority populations in the Pacific region: rationale and design of a community randomized trial to prevent early childhood obesity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilken, Lynne R; Novotny, Rachel; Fialkowski, Marie K; Boushey, Carol J; Nigg, Claudio; Paulino, Yvette; Leon Guerrero, Rachael; Bersamin, Andrea; Vargo, Don; Kim, Jang; Deenik, Jonathan

    2013-10-09

    Although surveillance data are limited in the US Affiliated Pacific, Alaska, and Hawaii, existing data suggest that the prevalence of childhood obesity is similar to or in excess of other minority groups in the contiguous US. Strategies for addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in the region support the use of community-based, environmentally targeted interventions. The Children's Healthy Living Program is a partnership formed across institutions in the US Affiliated Pacific, Alaska, and Hawaii to design a community randomized environmental intervention trial and a prevalence survey to address childhood obesity in the region through affecting the food and physical activity environment. The Children's Healthy Living Program community randomized trial is an environmental intervention trial in four matched-pair communities in American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and Hawaii and two matched-pair communities in Alaska. A cross-sectional sample of children (goal n = 180) in each of the intervention trial communities is being assessed for outcomes at baseline and at 24 months (18 months post-intervention). In addition to the collection of the participant-based measures of anthropometry, diet, physical activity, sleep and acanthosis nigricans, community assessments are also being conducted in intervention trial communities. The Freely Associated States of Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia, and Republics of Marshall Islands and Palau) is only conducting elements of the Children's Healthy Living Program sampling framework and similar measurements to provide prevalence data. In addition, anthropometry information will be collected for two additional communities in each of the 5 intervention jurisdictions to be included in the prevalence survey. The effectiveness of the environmental intervention trial is being assessed based on the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework. The Children

  9. Children’s Healthy Living (CHL) Program for remote underserved minority populations in the Pacific region: rationale and design of a community randomized trial to prevent early childhood obesity

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    Background Although surveillance data are limited in the US Affiliated Pacific, Alaska, and Hawaii, existing data suggest that the prevalence of childhood obesity is similar to or in excess of other minority groups in the contiguous US. Strategies for addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in the region support the use of community-based, environmentally targeted interventions. The Children’s Healthy Living Program is a partnership formed across institutions in the US Affiliated Pacific, Alaska, and Hawaii to design a community randomized environmental intervention trial and a prevalence survey to address childhood obesity in the region through affecting the food and physical activity environment. Methods/Design The Children’s Healthy Living Program community randomized trial is an environmental intervention trial in four matched-pair communities in American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and Hawaii and two matched-pair communities in Alaska. A cross-sectional sample of children (goal n = 180) in each of the intervention trial communities is being assessed for outcomes at baseline and at 24 months (18 months post-intervention). In addition to the collection of the participant-based measures of anthropometry, diet, physical activity, sleep and acanthosis nigricans, community assessments are also being conducted in intervention trial communities. The Freely Associated States of Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia, and Republics of Marshall Islands and Palau) is only conducting elements of the Children’s Healthy Living Program sampling framework and similar measurements to provide prevalence data. In addition, anthropometry information will be collected for two additional communities in each of the 5 intervention jurisdictions to be included in the prevalence survey. The effectiveness of the environmental intervention trial is being assessed based on the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance

  10. Ultraviolet B Irradiance and Incidence Rates of Bladder Cancer in 174 Countries

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-03-01

    Hungary, Ireland, Iran, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Micronesia, Malaysia , Myanmar, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niger, Korea Democratic Republic...these are the best available data sources for the covariates. Further, this study could not account for differences in culture, behavior, and diet ...ness. Photochem Photobiol2005Jll(6):1287-90. Punnonen R, Gillespy M, Hahl M. Serum 25-0HD, vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in healthy Finnish

  11. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-03-01

    Indonesia, Malaysia , Micronesia, Paki- stan, Singapore, and Vietnam. China’s naval expansion into the Indian and Pacific Oceans presents both...multi-mission capa- bilities of the National Security Cutter to provide a tailored seasonal pres- ence for command and control and aerial surveillance...future programs. ■ Collaborate with our industry partners to design interoperable and adaptable platforms that can rapidly plug in new sensor, in

  12. Responses of squirrel monkeys to their experimentally modified mobbing calls

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fichtel, Claudia; Hammerschmidt, Kurt

    2003-05-01

    Previous acoustic analyses suggested emotion-correlated changes in the acoustic structure of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) vocalizations. Specifically, calls given in aversive contexts were characterized by an upward shift in frequencies, often accompanied by an increase in amplitude. In order to test whether changes in frequencies or amplitude are indeed relevant for conspecific listeners, playback experiments were conducted in which either frequencies or amplitude of mobbing calls were modified. Latency and first orienting response were measured in playback experiments with six adult squirrel monkeys. After broadcasting yaps with increased frequencies or amplitude, squirrel monkeys showed a longer orienting response towards the speaker than after the corresponding control stimuli. Furthermore, after broadcasting yaps with decreased frequencies or amplitude, squirrel monkeys showed a shorter orienting response towards the speaker than after the corresponding manipulated calls with higher frequencies or amplitude. These results suggest that changes in frequencies or amplitude were perceived by squirrel monkeys, indicating that the relationship between call structure and the underlying affective state of the caller agreed with the listener's assessment of the calls. However, a simultaneous increase in frequencies and amplitude did not lead to an enhanced response, compared to each single parameter. Thus, from the receiver's perspective, both call parameters may mutually replace each other.

  13. ABSORPSİYONLU SOGUTMA SİSTEMLERİ ile KLASiK SİSTEMLERİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MUSTAFA ÇELİK

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, doğalgaz ile çalışan absorpsiyonlu soğutma sistenıi ve klasik soğutma sisteminin karşıl aştırılması yapılmıştır. LiBr-H20 eriyiği kullanan bir ticari absorpsiyon makinasının sistem eleman larının termodinamik analizi yapılmıştır. Bu sistemde soğutma devresi eşa njörü ve eriyik devresi eşanjörlü sistem ile eş anjörsüz sistemlerin soğutma tesir katsayıları (STK ve ısıtma tesir katsayıları (ITK hesaplanarak, karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bir vi Ila için LiBr-H20 eriyiği kulJaoan 23 KW'lık soğutma yüküne sahip absorpsiyon makinası ile klasik sisteme göre çalışa n soğutma makinasının ilk yatırım ve işletme giderlerine göre karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştır

  14. Açılış Konuşması

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Masum Burak

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Düzenlemiş olduğumuz bu çalıştay ile kanatlı atıkları konusundaki paydaş kuruluş temsilcilerini üretimin yoğun olarak yapıldığı Bolu ilimizde bir araya getirerek mevcut durumun tespiti, atık işlemedeki yöntemler ve son gelişmelerle ilgili beyin fırtınası yapılarak çözüm odaklı öneriler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

  15. Deubiquitylating enzyme USP9x regulates hippo pathway activity by controlling angiomotin protein turnover

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nguyen, Thanh Hung; Andrejeva, Diana; Gupta, Rajat

    2016-01-01

    /TAZ activity. We demonstrate that USPx regulates ubiquitin-mediated turnover of the YAP inhibitor, Angiomotin. USP9x acts to deubiquitylate Angiomotin at lysine 496, resulting in stabilization of Angiomotin and lower YAP/TAZ activity. USP9x mRNA levels were reduced in several cancers. Clinically, USP9x m......RNA levels were reduced in several cancers with low USPx expression correlating with poor prognosis in renal clear cell carcinoma. Our data indicate that USP9x may be a useful biomarker for renal clear cell carcinoma....

  16. Physiological Investigation Of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides

    OpenAIRE

    Özmeral, Özge

    2013-01-01

    Rhodobacter sphaeroides metabolik olarak geniş bir organizasyona sahip olan α-3 mor non-sülfür bir organizmadır. Oksijensiz ortamda R. sphaeroides hücreleri fotosentez, solunum ve fermantasyon yaparak çoğalabilir. R. sphaeroides hücrelerinde bulunan fotosentez yapımından sorumlu olan fotosentetik yapıları oksijenin varlığında oksijen tarafından zarara uğratıldığından fotosentez sadece oksijensiz ortamda meydana gelebilir. R. sphaeroides hücreleri fotosentezi fotoheterotrofik ve fotoototr...

  17. Corneal tissue welding with infrared laser irradiation after clear corneal incision.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rasier, Rfat; Ozeren, Mediha; Artunay, Ozgür; Bahçecioğlu, Halil; Seçkin, Ismail; Kalaycoğlu, Hamit; Kurt, Adnan; Sennaroğlu, Alphan; Gülsoy, Murat

    2010-09-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of infrared lasers for corneal welding to seal corneal cuts done in an experimental animal model. Full-thickness corneal cuts on freshly enucleated bovine eyes were irradiated with infrared (809-nm diode, 980-nm diode, 1070-nm YLF, and 1980-nm Tm:YAP) lasers to get immediate laser welding. An 809-nm laser was used with the topical application of indocyanine green to enhance the photothermal interaction at the weld site. In total, 60 bovine eyes were used in this study; 40 eyes were used in the first part of the study for the determination of optimal welding parameters (15 eyes were excluded because of macroscopic carbonization, opacification, or corneal shrinkage; 2 eyes were used for control), and 20 eyes were used for further investigation of more promising lasers (YLF and Tm:YAP). Laser wavelength, irradiating power, exposure time, and spot size were the dose parameters, and optimal dose for immediate closure with minimal thermal damage was estimated through histological examination of welded samples. In the first part of the study, results showed that none of the applications was satisfactory. Full-thickness success rates were 28% (2 of 7) for 809-nm and for 980-nm diode lasers and 67% (2 of 3) for 1070-nm YLF and (4 of 6) for 1980-nm Tm:YAP lasers. In the second part of the study, YLF and Tm:YAP lasers were investigated with bigger sample size. Results were not conclusive but promising again. Five corneal incisions were full-thickness welded out of 10 corneas with 1070-nm laser, and 4 corneal incisions were partially welded out of 10 corneas with 1980-nm laser in the second part of the study. Results showed that noteworthy corneal welding could be obtained with 1070-nm YLF laser and 1980-nm Tm:YAP laser wavelengths. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies will shed light on the potential usage of corneal laser welding technique.

  18. Yes-associated protein and WW-containing transcription regulator 1 regulate the expression of sex-determining genes in Sertoli cells, but their inactivation does not cause sex reversal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levasseur, Adrien; Paquet, Marilène; Boerboom, Derek; Boyer, Alexandre

    2017-07-01

    Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1) are two functionally redundant transcriptional regulators that are downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, and that act as major regulators of cell growth and differentiation. To elucidate their role in Sertoli cells, primary Sertoli cell culture from Yapflox/flox; Wwtr1flox/flox animals were infected with a Cre recombinase-expressing adenovirus. Concomitant inactivation of Yap and Wwtr1 resulted in a decrease in the mRNA levels of the male sex differentiation genes Dhh, Dmrt1, Sox9, and Wt1, whereas those of genes involved in female differentiation (Wnt4, Rspo1, and Foxl2) were induced. SOX9, FOXL2, and WNT4 proteins were regulated in the same manner as their mRNAs in response to loss of YAP and WWTR1. To further characterize the role of YAP and WWTR1 in Sertoli cells, we generated a mouse model (Yapflox/flox; Wwtr1flox/flox; Amhcre/+) in which Yap and Wwtr1 were conditionally deleted in Sertoli cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in the seminiferous tubules of 4 dpp mutant mice, leading to a reduction in testis weights and a decrease in the number of Sertoli cells in adult animals. Gene expression analyses of testes from 4 dpp Yapflox/flox; Wwtr1flox/flox; Amhcre/+ mice showed that Sertoli cell differentiation is initially altered, as Dhh, Dmrt1, and Sox9 mRNA levels were downregulated, whereas Wnt4 mRNA levels were increased. However, expression of these genes was not changed in older animals. Together, these results suggest a novel role of the Hippo signaling pathway in the mechanisms of sex differentiation. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  19. Streptococcus Thermophilus ve Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp. Bulgaricus Virülent Fajlarının Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu (İngilizce

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esra Acar Soykut

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada 25 adet S. thermophilus ve 25 adet L. bulgaricus fajının elektron mikroskobik incelemesi yapılarak morfolojik karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. S. thermophilus fajlarında izometrik, hegzagonal baş çapının 53-74 nm, kontraktil olmayan kuyruk uzunluğunun 182-290 nm ve kuyruk genişliğinin de 7-14 nm arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Bu fajlarda yaka, kuyruk plağı ve fibril benzeri yapıya rastlanmamıştır. İncelenen tüm fajlar, elde edilen verilere dayanılarak diğer S. thermophilus fajları gibi Ackermann sınıflaması Siphoviridae familyasına ve/veya Bradley sınıflaması B grubuna dâhil edilmiştir. S. thermophilus fajlarında olduğu gibi Lb. bulgaricus fajlarında da izometrik, hegzagonal kapsit ve kontraktil olmayan kuyruk yapısı belirlenmiştir. Kapsit çapları 47-73 nm arasında değişirken, kontraktil olmayan kuyruk uzunlukları 117-162 nm ve kuyruk enleri 7-13 nm arasında bulunmuştur. Ackermann sınıflaması Siphoviridae familyasına ve/veya Bradley sınıflaması B grubuna dâhil edilen bu fajlarda yaka, kuyruk tablası ve fibril yapısının varlığı dikkat çekmiştir. S. thermophilus ve L. bulgaricus faj örneklerinin hazırlanmasındaki farklılıkların ve kullanılan elektron mikroskop tiplerinin kuyruk yapılarının görünebilirliğini etkilediği düşünülmüştür.

  20. Satawal 島における伝統的航海術 : その基本的知識の記述と分析

    OpenAIRE

    秋道, 智彌; アキミチ, トモヤ; Tomoya, Akimichi

    1981-01-01

    This paper describes some of the basic information aboutnavigational knowledge employed by the navigators of SatawalIsland, in the Central Caroline Islands of Micronesia.Most navigational knowledge covers various aspects of naturaland supernatural phenomenon, such as stars and constellations,waves, winds, sea currents, birds, fish and the like, and itfunctions, more precisely, as an operational and cognitive devicefor dead reckoning, spatial and temporal orientation, land-finding,and weather ...

  1. AJUBA LIM Proteins Limit Hippo Activity in Proliferating Cells by Sequestering the Hippo Core Kinase Complex in the Cytosol.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jagannathan, Radhika; Schimizzi, Gregory V; Zhang, Kun; Loza, Andrew J; Yabuta, Norikazu; Nojima, Hitoshi; Longmore, Gregory D

    2016-10-15

    The Hippo pathway controls organ growth and is implicated in cancer development. Whether and how Hippo pathway activity is limited to sustain or initiate cell growth when needed is not understood. The members of the AJUBA family of LIM proteins are negative regulators of the Hippo pathway. In mammalian epithelial cells, we found that AJUBA LIM proteins limit Hippo regulation of YAP, in proliferating cells only, by sequestering a cytosolic Hippo kinase complex in which LATS kinase is inhibited. At the plasma membranes of growth-arrested cells, AJUBA LIM proteins do not inhibit or associate with the Hippo kinase complex. The ability of AJUBA LIM proteins to inhibit YAP regulation by Hippo and to associate with the kinase complex directly correlate with their capacity to limit Hippo signaling during Drosophila wing development. AJUBA LIM proteins did not influence YAP activity in response to cell-extrinsic or cell-intrinsic mechanical signals. Thus, AJUBA LIM proteins limit Hippo pathway activity in contexts where cell proliferation is needed. Copyright © 2016 Jagannathan et al.

  2. Matematik Öğretmenlerinin 5E Öğretim Modeline Yönelik Görüşleri

    OpenAIRE

    Biber, A. Çağrı; Tuna, Abdulkadir

    2015-01-01

    Bu araştırmanın amacı matematik öğretmenlerinin 5E modeli hakkındaki görüşlerini incelemektir. Araştırmada betimsel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Betimsel yöntem, geçmişte ya da halen var olan bir durumu var olduğu sekliyle betimlemeyi amaçlayan araştırma yaklaşımıdır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve yarı-yapılandırılmış gözlem teknikleri kullanılmıştır.Çalışmanın örneklemini 2013- 2014 eğitim öğretim yılında Kastamonu ili merkezinde çeşitli ilköğretim okullarında görev yap...

  3. ÇİVRİL İLÇESİ (DENİZLİ VE YAKIN ÇEVRESİNİN HİDROJEOLOJİ İNCELEMESİ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suat TAŞDELEN

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Çivril (Denizli ve yakın çevresinin hidrojeolojik açıdan incelemesi yapılmıştır. Öncelikle, İlçe merkezi ve yakın çevresinde yapılan arazi çalışmaları ile elde edilen jeolojik, tektonik ve hidrolojik bilgiler verilmiştir. Eylül 1999 dönemine ait yerinde ölçüm ve gözlemlerle yeraltı su tablası haritası hazırlanarak, yeraltı suyu akım yönleri belirlenmiştir. Aynı dönemde, örneklenen kuyulara ait yeraltı suları üzerinde su kimyası çalışmaları yapılarak, bu suların kimyasal sınıflamaları ile içme, sulama ve endüstride kullanım özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler birlikte irdelenerek varılan sonuçlar tablo ve diyagramlarla sunulmuştur.

  4. TAŞIT DİNAMİĞİ UYGULAMALARINDA KULLANILAN LASTİK TEKERLEK MODELLERİ VE TAŞIT KAZA SİMULASYONLARINDA KULLANILMALARI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Osman ELDOĞAN

    1995-01-01

    Full Text Available Taşıt ile yol arası ilişki lastik tekerlek ile olduğu için tekerlek modeli, taşıt modellemelerinde çok büyük öneme sahiptir. Taşıt modelleri, taşıt tasarımında kullanılan dinamik modeller olabileceği gibi kaza simulasyonlarında kullanılan modeller de olabilir. Bu önemi dolayısıyla tekerlek modellemesi üzerine çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış olup, bu modellemelerde teorik, deneysel ve bu ikisi arası değişik kombinasyonlar kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada tekerlek modellerinin gelişimi ve yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bunların trafik kaza simulasyonlarında kullanılmaları hakkında bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

  5. Regulation of fibrochondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in an integrated microfluidic platform embedded with biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Weiliang Zhong

    Full Text Available In native fibrocartilage, mechanotransduction allows the cells to perceive the physical microenvironment not only through topographical cues from the extracellular matrix, but also through mechanical cues, such as interstitial flow. To create a microenvironment that simultaneously integrates nanotopography and flow stimulus, we developed a biomimetic microfluidic device embedded with aligned nanofibers to contain microchambers of different angles, which enabled the flow direction to form different angles with the fibers. Using this device, we investigated the effects of microfluidic and nanotopographical environment on the morphology and fibrochondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs and the involvement of RhoA/ROCK pathway and Yes-associated protein (YAP/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ. The results showed that the flow direction perpendicular to aligned nanofibers was conducive to fibrochondrogenesis of MSCs. In addition, ROCK inhibitor and knockdown of YAP/TAZ disrupted fibrochondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. In conclusion, our data suggest the crucial role of mechanotransduction in regulating fibrochondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, which may be mediated by RhoA/ROCK pathway and YAP/TAZ.

  6. Düzce Yöresinde Su Kullanımı ve Tabansuyu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Selçuk ÖZMEN

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Düzce yöresinde su kullanımı ve tabansuyu durumu irdelenmiştir. Yörede bulanan toplam tarım arazilerinin % 36’sı sulanmakta olup, bu arazilerde ağırlıklı olarak yüzey sulama yöntemi uygulanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda; bu yörede sulama ile ilgili daha önce yapılan çalışmaların yetersiz olduğu ve basınçlı sulama tekniklerinin uygulama oranın sadece % 5-10 aralığında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, yörenin değişken topografik yapısı nedeniyle kış ve ilkbahar aylarında taban suyunun arttığı gözlenmiştir. Yörede sulama ve tabansuyu kaynaklı tuzluluk problemi olmadığı belirlenmiştir

  7. Gatekeepers of pancreas: TEAD and YAP

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Seguí, Santiago Andrés; Bessa, José

    2017-01-01

    The pancreas hosts some of the most debilitating and deadly diseases, including pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus. In autoimmune diabetes, for example, there is a massive destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas. Pancreatic developmental defects can also result in a deficit of this cell type. To revert these important pancreatic diseases, researchers are currently trying to artificially generate insulin producing beta-cells for implantation and, in this way, suppress i...

  8. Probiyotik Mayalar ve Özellikleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hatice Yıldıran

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Probiyotikler tüketicinin sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkileri olan mikroorganizmalardır. Probiyotik uygulamalarının sağlık üzerine etkileri hakkında yapılmış pekçok araştırma bulunmaktadır. En yaygın kullanılan probiyotik bakteriler; bifidobakteriler ve laktobasiller, laktokoklar ve streptokoklar gibi laktik asit bakterileridir. İnsanlar için probiyotik olarak kullanılan mikroorganizmalar arasında ayrıca mayalar, basiller ve enterokoklar da bulunmaktadır. Probiyotik mayalar son yıllarda bilim insanları için ilgi çekici bir alan olmuştur. Yapılan bazı çalışmalar Saccharomyces cinsine ait türlerin antibakteriyel ve probiyotik özelliklere sahip olabileceklerini göstermiştir. Saccharomyces boulardii yıllardır insanları farklı gastrointestinal rahatsızlıklarından korumak veya hastalıklardan iyileştirmek amacıyla probiyotik olarak kullanılan, patojenik olmayan bir mayadır. S. boulardii özellikle ilaç endüstrisinde genellikle liyofilize formda kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan bu derleme çalışmasında probiyotikler, mayaların probiyotik olma özellikleri ve probiyotik mayaların kullanım alanları hakkında bilgiler verilmiş ve bu alanda yapılan araştırmalardan örnekler sunulmuştur.

  9. Kültürel Miras için Zenginleştirilmiş Gerçeklik Uygulamaları

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    Erkan Bostancı

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Bu makale bilgisayar grafiği alanının iki ilgi çekici konusu üzerinde yapılan güncel çalışmaların bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Geniş çalışma alanları olan Zenginleştirilmiş Gerçeklik ve İzleme alanlarında yapılan yeni çalışmalar incelenirken, özellikle de makalede bahsedilen sebeplerden dolayı kültürel miras üzerine yapılan çalışmalar vurgulanmıştır. Belirtilen uygulama türü için birçok kaynağa sahip olan ülkemizde yeni bir çalışma alanı başlamasına yardımcı olmak amacıyla bu iki çalışma alanından birçok yöntem ve örnek uygulama yüzeysel fakat açık bir dille anlatılmıştır. Bu uygulamalarda genel olarak karşılaşılan sorunlar ortaya konulup, olası çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Ülkemizde yapılan ilgili çalışmalardan da örnekler verildikten sonra geliştirilen örnek "Masaüstü Tarih" çalışmasıyla da anlatım pekiştirilerek somut bir örnek ortaya konmuştur.

  10. In-situ corrosion measurements of WWII shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon, quantification of decay mechanisms and rates of deterioration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ian Donald Macleod

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This paper is based on a series of measurements taken on WWII historic shipwrecks that resulted from the effects of Operation Hailstone in February 1944 on the Japanese merchant fleet which was assembled in Chuuk lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia. More than 65 shipwrecks and 250 aircraft were sunk during two main bombing raids. The vessels lost covered a wide range of underwater orientation and water depths and so provided a perfect suite of corrosion experiments. Since the fuel on board the aircraft was either readily burnt at the time or was lost through volatilisation, the wrecked planes present no pollution problems today. However the bunker fuel kept inside on-board storage tanks does present a real conservation management crisis. In-situ measurements on many vessels have determined how water depth, the localised wreck topography, dissolved oxygen levels, temperature and salinity affects the corrosion rate of cast iron and mild steel. Thus corrosion rates can be calculated with confidence.

  11. Health care for Micronesians and constitutional rights.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shek, Dina; Yamada, Seiji

    2011-11-01

    Under the Compacts of Free Association (COFA), people from the Freely Associated States--the Republic of Palau (ROP), the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)--have been migrating to the United States in increasing numbers. In 1996, Congress passed broad welfare reform (Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act) which limited certain federal benefits previously available to COFA migrants, including Medicaid benefits. Prior to July 2010, the State of Hawai'i had continued to include COFA migrants under its state-funded Medicaid program. In the face of budget constraints, the State removed these people from its Medicaid rolls. A challenge on the legal basis of the denial of equal protection of the laws, ie, the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution, was successful in reinstating health care to the COFA migrants in December 2010. From the health worker's perspective, regardless of various social justice arguments that may have been marshaled in favor of delivering health care to the people, it was an appeal to the judicial system that succeeded. From the attorney's perspective, the legal victories are potentially limited to the four walls of the courtroom without community involvement and related social justice movements. Together, the authors propose that in order to better address the issue of health care access for Micronesian peoples, we must work together, as health and legal advocates, to define a more robust vision of both systems that includes reconciliation and community engagement.

  12. Tanenler ve Hayvan Besleme Üzerine Etkileri

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    Esin Ünver

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Tanenler; bitkilerin yapısında doğal olarak bulunan, kendilerini patojen mikroorganizmalara ve virüslere karşı korumak için ürettikleri fenolik bileşiklerdir. Hayvan besleme açısından ise tanenler; hayvanın türü, fizyolojik durumu, tanenin yapısı ve miktarına bağlı olarak olumlu ve olumsuz etkilere sebep olabilmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı; tanenler, etkileri ve hayvan beslemede kullanımları ile ilgili bir derleme sunmaktır.

  13. REFLECTIONS OF “-MIŞ BULUNMAK” STRUCTURES “-MIŞ BULUNMAK” YAPISI ÜZERİNE

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    Fatma Sibel BAYRAKTAR

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The abundance of the Turkish Language, its power of expression emerges more distinctively day by das as the researches incline to more capillary questions.The “-mış bulun-” structure has not been studied in most grammar books except from some limited evidences which mention it as paired with the “-mış ol-” structure that takes place in “priority verbs” subheading under the “complex verbs” category, expressing shortly that “-mış bulun-” implies a more sharp meaning than “-mış ol-”.This structure, as bears an absoluteness impliying voice in the written literature, has never been considered as having a regret meaning -mostly in the spoken language-also.We will question the regret expression meaning “if only wouldn’t be” in the “-mış bulun-” structure in this study. Türkçenin zenginliği, ifade kabiliyetinin yüksekliği, Türkçe ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların gitgide daha kılcal meselelere eğilmesiyle günden güne daha açık olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Gramer kitaplarının çoğunda hiç bahsi geçmeyen, sınırlı çalışmada da “karmaşık fiiller” (complex verb grubu içinde yer alan “öncelik fiilleri” alt başlığında ele alınan “-mış ol- yapısı ile eşleştirilmiş olan “-mış bulun-” yapısı: “-mış ol-“ yapısının anlamından daha keskin bir ifade taşır” şeklinde kısaca verilmektedir. Bu yapı, yazı dilinde bahsedildiği gibi “kesinlik” ifadesi taşırken -daha çok konuşma dilinde olmak kaydıyla- bir pişmanlık ifadesi de taşıdığının üzerinde durulmamıştır.Biz bu çalışmamızda “-mış bulun-“ yapısındaki “keşke olmasaydı” anlamına gelen pişmanlık anlam yüklemesi üzerinde duracağız.

  14. TÜRKİYE’DE BASEL I, II ve III KURALLARINA UYUM SÜRECİ

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    Ezgi ASLAN KÜLAHİ

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışma, Basel Kriterleri çerçevesinde Türk Bankacılık Sektörü’nde yapılan çalışmaları değerlendirerek sektörün Basel Kriterleri’ne uyum sürecinde hangi aşamada olduğunu incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada; Türkiye’de Basel I ve II Kriterleri’ne geçiş süreci: Basel I ve II’ye yönelik yapılan hazırlık çalışmaları , Basel Kriterleri’ne uyum kapsamında Türk Bankacılık Mevzuatı’nda yapılan yasal düzenlemeler ve BDDK tarafından gerçekleştirilen yerel sayısal etki çalışmaları incelenmiş, sektörün Basel II Kriterleri’ne uyum kabiliyeti değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada henüz nihaî şekli verilmeyen Basel III Kriterleri’nin Türk Bankacılık Sektörü’ne muhtemel etkileri ele alınmıştır. Türkiye bankacılık kesimi Haziran 2012 itibariyle Basel II kurallarını sorunsuz bir şekilde uygulamayı başarmıştır. Halihazırda dünya genelinde nihai şekli verilmeye çalışılan ve bazı yönlerden ciddi eleştirilere maruz kalan Basel III kurallarına uyum konusunda da Türkiye Bankacılık Kesiminin mevcut verilerin analizinden hareketle bir sıkıntısı olmayacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Diğer taraftan; Türkiye’nin uluslararası kurallara intibak konusunda finansal kesimde göstermiş olduğu söz konusu uyum kabiliyetinin, genel olarak sürdürülebilir büyüme, ekonomik kalkınma ve ülkenin yapısal dönüşümü açısından daha olumlu sonuçlar vermesi, Türkiye ekonomisinin diğer yapısal sorunları ve başlıca makro ekonomik istikrarsızlıklarının çözümüne bağlı olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

  15. ¿Hubo humanos diminutos en las islas Palaos?

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    Carlos A. Marmelada

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available El reciente descubrimiento de 25 esqueletos de Homo sapiens en las islas Palaos (Micronesia ha causado revuelo en la comunidad científica por tratarse de humanos diminutos, quizá debido a un efecto de insularidad. Queda pendiente esclarecer cuál podría ser su relación con los Homo floresiensis, homínidos también de reducido tamaño encontrados en la isla de Flores (Indonesia.

  16. Understanding cervical cancer prevention and screening in Chuukese women in Hawaii.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Vanessa S; Kawamoto, Crissy T

    2010-06-01

    Cervical cancer is the primary cause of death due to cancer in women in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia. The Chuukese population is the fastest growing segment of the Micronesian community in Hawaii. Little is known about the health beliefs or practices of this population in Hawaii. The purpose of this project was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Chuukese women in Hawaii regarding cervical cancer prevention and screening. Research assistants from the Chuukese community were recruited and trained as members of the research team. A culturally sensitive survey tool was developed and piloted by the research team and used to interview ten key informants from the Chuukese community in Honolulu, Hawaii. There is limited knowledge about cervical cancer, especially the association with human papillomavirus (HPV). This may be indicative of a lack of health information in general. Fear, privacy concerns, lack of awareness and cultural beliefs represent the main barriers mentioned when discussing cervical cancer. Education, done in a group setting with other women, is the most recommended method of informing this community and improving preventive and screening services for cervical cancer in these women. Hawaii Medical Journal Copyright 2010.

  17. 78 FR 28643 - Program Year (PY) 2013 Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Allotments; PY 2013 Wagner-Peyser Act Final...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-05-15

    ...This notice announces allotments for PY 2013 for WIA Title I Youth, Adults and Dislocated Worker Activities programs; final allotments for Employment Service (ES) activities under the Wagner- Peyser Act for PY 2013 and Workforce Information Grants allotments for PY 2013. Allotments for the Work Opportunity Tax Credits will be announced separately. WIA allotments for States and the State final allotments for the Wagner-Peyser Act are based on formulas defined in their respective statutes. The WIA allotments for the outlying areas are based on a formula determined by the Secretary of Labor (Secretary). As required by WIA section 182(d), on February 17, 2000, a notice of the discretionary formula for allocating PY 2000 funds for the outlying areas (American Samoa, Guam, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, Palau, and the Virgin Islands) was published in the Federal Register at 65 FR 8236 (February 17, 2000) which included both the rationale for the formula and methodology. The formula for PY 2013 is the same as used for PY 2000 and is described in the section on Youth Activities program allotments. Comments are invited on the formula used to allot funds to the outlying areas.

  18. The pacific island health care project.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Person, Donald Ames

    2014-01-01

    US Associated/Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) include three freely associated states: Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and three Territories: American Samoa, Guam, and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The Pacific Island Health Care Project (PIHCP) provides humanitarian medical referral/consultation/care to >500,000 indigenous people of these remote islands. In the mid-1990s, we developed a simple store-and-forward program to link the USAPI with Tripler Army Medical Center. This application allowed image attachment to email consultations. More than 8000 Pacific Islanders have benefited from the program. Three thousand Pacific Islanders prior to telemedicine (1990-1997) and since store-and-forward telemedicine (1997-present), the PIHCP has helped an additional 5000. Records post dynamically and are stored in an archival database. The PIHCP is the longest running telemedicine program in the world delivering humanitarian medical care. It has bridged the Developing World of the remote Pacific Islands with advanced medical and surgical care available at a major US military teaching hospital. (The opinions expressed here are those of the author and not that of the Army, Department of Defense, or the US Government.).

  19. Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anthony, S.S.

    1992-01-01

    The overall shape of freshwater lenses can be determined by applying electromagnetic methods and inverse layered-earth modeling to the mapping of atoll island freshwater lenses. Conductivity profiles were run across the width of the inhabited islands at Mwoakilloa, Pingelap, and Sapwuahfik atolls of the Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia using a dual-loop, frequency-domain, electromagnetic profiling system. Six values of apparent conductivity were recorded at each sounding station and were used to interpret layer conductivities and/or thicknesses. A three-layer model that includes the unsaturated, freshwater, and saltwater zones was used to simulate apparent-conductivity data measured in the field. Interpreted results were compared with chloride-concentration data from monitoring wells and indicate that the interface between freshwater and saltwater layers, defined from electromagnetic data, is located in the upper part of the transition zone, where the chloride-concentration profile shows a rapid increase with depth. The electromagnetic method can be used to interpret the thickness of the freshwater between monitoring wells, but can not be used to interpret the thickness of freshwater from monitoring wells to the margin of an island. ?? 1992.

  20. The Pacific Island Health Care Project

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donald Ames Person

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Introduction/BackgroundUS Associated/Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI include 3 Freely Associated States: Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau and 3 Territories: American Samoa, Guam, and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. ObjectiveThe Pacific Island Health Care Project (PIHCP provides humanitarian medical referral/consultation/care to >500,000 indigenous people of these remote islands. Methods In the mid-1990s, we developed a simple store-and-forward program to link the USAPI with Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC. This application allowed image attachment to email consultations. ResultsMore than 8000 Pacific Islanders have benefited from the program. 3000 Pacific Islanders prior to telemedicine (1990-1997 and since store-and-forward telemedicine (1997-present, the PIHCP has helped an additional 5000. Records post dynamically and are stored in an archival database. Conclusion The PIHCP is the longest running telemedicine program in the world delivering humanitarian medical care. It has bridged the Developing World of the remote Pacific islands with advanced medical and surgical care available at a major US military teaching hospital.(The opinions expressed here are those of the author and not that of the Army, Department of Defense, or the US Government.

  1. THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF THE KUTADGU BİLİG KUTADGU BİLİG’İN TEORİK YAPISI

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    İsmail TAŞ

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available The Kutadgu Bilig is a Karakhanid work from the 11th century written by Yusuf Khas Hâjib of Balasagun for the prince of Kashgar. Translated, the title means something like “The Wisdom which brings Happiness”. The text reflects the author’s and his society’s beliefs, feelins, and practices with regard to quite a few topics , and depicts interesting facets of various aspects of life in the Karakhanid empire. The Kutadgu Bilig is structured around the relations between four main characters, each representing an abstract principle (overtly stated by the author .These representational characters are Kün-Togdı (Justice, Ay-Toldı (Fortune, Ögdülmiş (Intellect/ Wisdom, Odgurmış (Man’s Last And. These are very important characters since they demonstrate the theoretical structure of the Kutadgu Bilig. In this respect, we think that the Kutadgu Bilig reflects the theoretical structure of the traditional Islamic philosophy. Kutadgu Bilig Yusuf Has Hacib tarafından yazılan ve Karahanlılar dönemine ait bir eserdir. Eserin başlığı “Mutluluk Veren Bilgi” anlamına gelir. Bu anlamda eser Yusuf’un ve döneminin inançlarını, duygularını ve düşüncelerini yansıtması bakımından önemlidir. Eser birbiriyle alakalı dört temel temsilî karakter üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu karakterler ve temsilleri şunlardır: Kün Togdı (Adalet, Ay Toldı (Mutluluk, Ögdülmiş (Akıl/Bilgi, Odgurmış (Akıbet. Bunlar eserin teorik yapısı bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Söz konusu karakterler teorik yapının birbirini tamamlayan unsurları olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Eser bu gözle bakıldığında geleneksel İslam Felsefesinin teorik yapısını yansıtmaktadır.

  2. PacIOOS Nearshore Sensor 06 (NS06): Pohnpei, Micronesia

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The nearshore sensors are part of the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) and are designed to measure a variety of ocean parameters at fixed point...

  3. Kırım-Tatar Atasözlerinin Sentaksı Üzerine Bir Araştırma A Syntactic Study On The Crimean Tatar Proverbs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mevlüt GÜLTEKİN

    2013-07-01

    atasözü cümle bilgisi yönünden ele alınmıştır. Cümle yapıları itibarıyla atasözleri, I. Basit, II. Birleşik, 1. Sıralı, 2. Şart, 3. İç içe ve 4. Girişik cümle, III. Karmaşık cümle yapısındaki atasözleri olarak tasnif edilmek suretiyle incelenmiştir. Basit cümle yapısındaki atasözleri (1-231, yüklemlerinin türüne göre fiil cümleleri, isim cümleleri; anlamlarına göre olumlu, olumsuz ve emir cümleleri olarak gözden geçirilmiştir. Önemli bir bölümü sıralı cümle yapısı gösteren atasözleri (24-61 ise, bağlaçsız ve bağlaçlı sıralı cümleler olarak ikiye ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Şartlı birleşik cümle yapısındaki atasözleri (62-83 de zarf tümleci, özne, nesne, yer tamlayıcısı vb. işlevli olanlar biçiminde ele alınmıştır. İç içe birleşik cümle yapısındaki atasözleri (84-96 ise iç cümleciğin temel cümledeki işlevi esas alınarak ele alınmıştır. Girişik cümle yapısındaki atasözleri (97-150 de: a. isim-fiillerle, b. sıfat-fiillerle, c. zarf-fiillerle kurulan girişik cümle yapısına sahip atasözleri olarak incelenmiştir ve bu yapıların katıldığı birleşik cümlelerdeki işlevlerine de işaret edilmiştir. Makalenin son bölümünde ise karmaşık cümle yapısındaki (151-168 atasözleri ele alınmıştır.

  4. Use of serum and blood samples on filter paper to improve the surveillance of Dengue in Pacific Island Countries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aubry, Maite; Roche, Claudine; Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Myrielle; Aaskov, John; Viallon, Jérôme; Marfel, Maria; Lalita, Paul; Elbourne-Duituturaga, Salanieta; Chanteau, Suzanne; Musso, Didier; Pavlin, Boris I; Harrison, Dustin; Kool, Jacob L; Cao-Lormeau, Van-Mai

    2012-09-01

    In Pacific Island Countries (PICs) the epidemiology of dengue is characterized by long-term transmission of a single dengue virus (DENV) serotype. The emergence of a new serotype in one island country often indicates major outbreaks with this serotype will follow in other PICs. Filter paper (FP) cards on which whole blood or serum from dengue suspected patients had been dried was evaluated as a method for transportation of this material by standard mail delivery throughout the Pacific. Twenty-two FP-dried whole blood samples collected from patients in New Caledonia and Wallis & Futuna Islands, during DENV-1 and DENV-4 transmission, and 76 FP-dried sera collected from patients in Yap State, Majuro (Republic of Marshall Islands), Tonga and Fiji, before and during outbreaks of DENV-2 in Yap State and DENV-4 in Majuro, were tested for the presence of DENV RNA, by serotype specific RT-PCR, at the Institut Louis Malardé in French Polynesia. The serotype of DENV could be determined, by a variety of RT-PCR procedures, in the FP-dried samples after more than three weeks of transport at ambient temperatures. In most cases, the sequencing of the envelope gene to genotype the viruses also was possible. The serotype and genotype of DENV can be determined from FP-dried serum or whole blood samples transported over thousands of kilometers at ambient, tropical, temperatures. This simple and low-cost approach to virus identification should be evaluated in isolated and resource poor settings for surveillance for a range of significant viral diseases. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  5. Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with recreational water--United States, 2003-2004.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dziuban, Eric J; Liang, Jennifer L; Craun, Gunther F; Hill, Vincent; Yu, Patricia A; Painter, John; Moore, Matthew R; Calderon, Rebecca L; Roy, Sharon L; Beach, Michael J

    2006-12-22

    Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have collaboratively maintained the Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System for collecting and reporting waterborne disease and outbreak (WBDO)-related data. In 1978, WBDOs associated with recreational water (natural and treated water) were added. This system is the primary source of data regarding the scope and effects of WBDOs in the United States. Data presented summarize WBDOs associated with recreational water that occurred during January 2003-December 2004 and one previously unreported outbreak from 2002. Public health departments in the states, territories, localities, and the Freely Associated States (i.e., the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau, formerly parts of the U.S.-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) have primary responsibility for detecting, investigating, and voluntarily reporting WBDOs to CDC. Although the surveillance system includes data for WBDOs associated with drinking water, recreational water, and water not intended for drinking, only cases and outbreaks associated with recreational water are summarized in this report. During 2003-2004, a total 62 WBDOs associated with recreational water were reported by 26 states and Guam. Illness occurred in 2,698 persons, resulting in 58 hospitalizations and one death. The median outbreak size was 14 persons (range: 1-617 persons). Of the 62 WBDOs, 30 (48.4%) were outbreaks of gastroenteritis that resulted from infectious agents, chemicals, or toxins; 13 (21.0%) were outbreaks of dermatitis; and seven (11.3%) were outbreaks of acute respiratory illness (ARI). The remaining 12 WBDOs resulted in primary amebic meningoencephalitis (n = one), meningitis (n = one), leptospirosis (n = one), otitis externa (n = one), and mixed illnesses (n = eight). WBDOs associated with gastroenteritis resulted in 1,945 (72

  6. Trafik Kazalarının Tehlike İndeksi Metodu ile Analizi: Denizli Örneği

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cenk OZAN

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Trafik kazaları pek çok etkenin bileşkesi sonucu meydana gelen, karmaşık ve analizi zor bir konudur. Şehiriçi ulaşım ağlarında trafik kazalarının azaltılması için birçok çalışma yapılmakla beraber kaynağında insan ve çevre faktörünü barındıran trafik kazalarının tam olarak önlenebilmesi mümkün olamamaktadır. Bu nedenle özellikle şehiriçi ulaşım ağlarında kaza riski taşıyan linklerin belirlenmesi ve buna bağlı olarak gerekli önlemlerin alınabilmesi oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kaza riski taşıyan linklerin belirlenmesi amacıyla tehlike indeksi metodu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak Denizli kentinin trafik hacmi açısından en yoğun bölgelerini içeren ulaşım ağı seçilmiştir. Belirlenen ulaşım ağında tehlike indeksi uygulamasında kullanılacak veriler toplanmış, bölgedeki linkler için tehlike indeksleri hesaplanmış ve risk derecelendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Analizlerde kullanılmak üzere, linkler üzerinde, sabah ve akşam zirve saatlerinde hız ve hacim ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan risk analizi ve derecelendirilmesi sonucunda tehlike indeksi metodunun trafik kaza risk analizlerinde kullanılabileceği ve bu sayede kaza sayılarının azaltılabilmesi yönünde yapılacak çalışmalara temel oluşturabileceği belirlenmiştir.

  7. ASHIQ OMER IN THE MODERN CRIMEAN TATAR LITERATURE MODERN KIRIM-TATAR EDEBİYATINDA ÂŞIK ÖMER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emek ÜŞENMEZ

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Ashiq Omer is a bard of the 17th century. Researches that have been made lately new perspectives about his origin and the literary circle he is a member of most of the works produced in Turkey claim that he is from Gozleve (Qorualan, a small town in Qonya whereas works produced abroad claim him to be from Kezlev (Gezleve in Crimea. Therefore two different literary circles Turkey anda Crimea emerge.This article aims to compare and contrast the works on Ashiq Omer. Works produced about Ashiq Omer the contemporary Crimean Tatar literatüre and his influence on the so-called literary tradition are discussed Âşık Ömer 17. Yüzyıl saz şairlerindendir. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda Âşık Ömer’in nereli ve hangi edebî muhite dâhil olduğu konusunda farklı görüşler ortaya konulmuştur. Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmaların çoğunda Âşık Ömer’in Konya’nın Hadim ilçesine bağlı Gözleve (Korualan kasabasından olduğu kesin bir dille ifade edilirken yurtdışında yapılan çalışmalarda ise onun Kırım’ın Kezlev (Gezleve şehrinden olduğu söylenmektedir. Bu durumda Kırım ve Türkiye olmak üzere iki farklı edebî muhit ortaya çıkmaktadır.Bu çalışmada öncelikle Âşık Ömer hakkında söylenilenler ve yapılan çalışmalar mukayeseli olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Çağdaş Kırım Tatar edebiyatında Âşık Ömer üzerine yapılan çalışmalar ele alınıp onun modern Kırım Tatar edebiyatına olan etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur.

  8. Pancreas lineage allocation and specification are regulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serafimidis, Ioannis; Rodriguez-Aznar, Eva; Lesche, Mathias; Yoshioka, Kazuaki; Takuwa, Yoh; Dahl, Andreas; Pan, Duojia; Gavalas, Anthony

    2017-01-01

    During development, progenitor expansion, lineage allocation, and implementation of differentiation programs need to be tightly coordinated so that different cell types are generated in the correct numbers for appropriate tissue size and function. Pancreatic dysfunction results in some of the most debilitating and fatal diseases, including pancreatic cancer and diabetes. Several transcription factors regulating pancreas lineage specification have been identified, and Notch signalling has been implicated in lineage allocation, but it remains unclear how these processes are coordinated. Using a combination of genetic approaches, organotypic cultures of embryonic pancreata, and genomics, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1p), signalling through the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) S1pr2, plays a key role in pancreas development linking lineage allocation and specification. S1pr2 signalling promotes progenitor survival as well as acinar and endocrine specification. S1pr2-mediated stabilisation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) is essential for endocrine specification, thus linking a regulator of progenitor growth with specification. YAP stabilisation and endocrine cell specification rely on Gαi subunits, revealing an unexpected specificity of selected GPCR intracellular signalling components. Finally, we found that S1pr2 signalling posttranscriptionally attenuates Notch signalling levels, thus regulating lineage allocation. Both S1pr2-mediated YAP stabilisation and Notch attenuation are necessary for the specification of the endocrine lineage. These findings identify S1p signalling as a novel key pathway coordinating cell survival, lineage allocation, and specification and linking these processes by regulating YAP levels and Notch signalling. Understanding lineage allocation and specification in the pancreas will shed light in the origins of pancreatic diseases and may suggest novel therapeutic approaches. PMID:28248965

  9. Sultan Birinci Mahmud Dönemi (1730-1754 Islahat Hareketleri Sultan Mahmud Period (1730-1754 Reform Movements

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Uğur KURTARAN

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available This research of the reform movements performed during the eraof one of the important rulers of XVIII. Century, Sultan I. Mahmud who ruled for 24 years between 1730 and 1754, basically aims to shed lighton an important stage in the modernization of a society. According tothis, the Ottoman Empire who dominated Europe kept its traditionalstructure until the XVIII. Century and did not feel the need to change.However, when the European nations that developed in economic,political, cultural and technical fields began to win battles against theOttomans, the state began to question the situation it was in. Theunderstanding of accepting the superiority of the west which startedespecially with the Tulip Era was continued during the reign of Sultan I.Mahmud and western reforms were made particularly in the militaryfield. Thanks to these reforms that Sultan I. Mahmud continued duringhis 24 year reign, the state recovered significantly and recordedimportant military victories during his era. Again during the rule ofSultan I. Mahmud, with his special emphasis on the reconstruction ofthe city, Istanbul flourished with the architectural activities conductedduring his time. For all these reasons, in order to understand the era ofSultan I. Mahmud which marked a period in the Ottoman history,knowing the military and political events of this time is not enough. Thereform and transformation movements of the era have to be known aswell. This study has been prepared along these goals and objectives. Inthe study, focus has been on the reasons and general characteristics ofthe reforms. The basic idea was to identify the effects of thesemovements on the Ottoman State and their imprint on the nextreformists. XVIII. yüzyılın önemli padişahlarından birisi olan ve 1730-1754yılları arasında 24 yıl hükümdarlık yapan Sultan I. Mahmuddöneminde yapılan ıslahat hareketlerinin incelendiği bu araştırma,genel anlamıyla bir toplumun modernleşme sürecinin

  10. 1 Yaşlı Bazı Kavak Klon Yapraklarındaki Besin Maddelerinin Tespiti Üzerine Bir Çalışma

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    Yüksek Lisans Ahmet KARAKAŞ

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışma 1 yaşlı kavak fidanları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Marmara Bölgesinde yaygın olarak üretimi yapılan I-214 ve Samsun (I-77/51 klonları ile İzmit (S.307/26 klonu kullanılmıştır. Bu klonların yıllık yaprak döküm miktarı ve bu yolla toprağa verilen bitki besin maddelerinin tespiti yapılmıştır. Yapraklarda taze ve fırın kurusu ağırlıklar ile bitki besin maddelerinden N, P, K, Ca, Mg ve Na elementleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, yapraklardaki bitki besin maddesi konsantrasyonunun klonlar itibarı ile Samsun (I-77/51 > İzmit (S.307/26 > I-214 şeklinde sıralandığını göstermektedir. Bitki besin maddelerinin yapraklarda bulunuş sırası ise N > Ca > K > Mg > P > Na şeklinde ortaya çıkmıştır.

  11. KİRLİ SULARLA SULAMA YAPlLAN TOPRAKLARDA MİKROBİYAL KİRLENME

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    KENAN TUNÇ

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada Kocaeli İli Derince İlçesine bağlı 11�ıu Köyü Bölgesi'nde Nisan - Mayıs 2003 ayları asında kirli sularla sulama yapılan ekili alanlarda bakteriolojik kirlilik araştırması yapılmıştır. ra�tırmamızda Slıigella (2050, E.�clıericlıia coli (1 0000, Enterobcıcter (10000 olmak üzere toplam 2�050 ba kteri gözlenmiştir. Aynı bölgedeki temiz sularda Sizige/la (50, Esclıericlıia coli görülmemiş, Enterobacter ise (300 olarak tespit edilmiştir. raştırmaınııda kirli sularta sulama yapılan ekili a l anlarda insan sağlığı üzerinde potansiyel risk oltı�turan ba kteriyoloj ik llt;.irliliğin olduğu gözlenmiştir. r Keliı11eler - Slıigella, Esclıericlıia co

  12. AICAR Antiproliferative Properties Involve the AMPK-Independent Activation of the Tumor Suppressors LATS 1 and 2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Philippe, Chloé; Pinson, Benoît; Dompierre, Jim; Pantesco, Véronique; Viollet, Benoît; Daignan-Fornier, Bertrand; Moenner, Michel

    2018-06-01

    AICAR (Acadesine) is a pharmacological precursor of purine nucleotide biosynthesis with anti-tumoral properties. Although recognized as an AMP mimetic activator of the protein kinase AMPK, the AICAR monophosphate derivative ZMP was also shown to mediate AMPK-independent effects. In order to unveil these AMPK-independent functions, we performed a transcriptomic analysis in AMPKα1/α2 double knockout murine embryonic cells. Kinetic analysis of the cellular response to AICAR revealed the up-regulation of the large tumor suppressor kinases (Lats) 1 and 2 transcripts, followed by the repression of numerous genes downstream of the transcriptional regulators Yap1 and Taz. This transcriptional signature, together with the observation of increased levels in phosphorylation of Lats1 and Yap1 proteins, suggested that the Hippo signaling pathway was activated by AICAR. This effect was observed in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Knockdown of Lats1/2 prevented the cytoplasmic delocalization of Yap1/Taz proteins in response to AICAR and conferred a higher resistance to the drug. These results indicate that activation of the most downstream steps of the Hippo cascade participates to the antiproliferative effects of AICAR. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Acrolein toxicity involves oxidative stress caused by glutathione depletion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwolek-Mirek, M; Bednarska, S; Bartosz, G; Biliński, T

    2009-08-01

    Exposure of yeast cells to allyl alcohol results in intracellular production of acrolein. The toxicity of so formed acrolein involves oxidative stress, as (1) strains deficient in antioxidant defense are hypersensitive to allyl alcohol, (2) exposure to allyl alcohol increases the level of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances and decreases glutathione level in the cells, (3) hypoxic and anoxic atmosphere and antioxidants protect against allyl alcohol toxicity, and (4) allyl alcohol causes activation of Yap1p. No increased formation of reactive oxygen species was detected in cells exposed to allyl alcohol, so oxidative stress is due to depletion of cellular thiols and thus alteration in the redox state of yeast cells.

  14. Bibliometric Profile of Turkish Journal of Psychology Türk Psikoloji Dergisi'nin Bibliyometrik Profili

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    Umut Al

    2007-06-01

    at the bottom of psychology journals which indexed by the Social Science Citation Index. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi (TPD 1995 yılından beri Social Science Citation Index tarafından dizinlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türk Psikoloji Dergisi (TPD ve Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 'ndeki makaleler bibliyometrik özellikleri açısından ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmamızda 1995-2005 yılları arasında yayımlanan 118 makale incelenmektedir. Araştırmamızda yanıt aranmakta olan sorular şunlardır: 1 TPD 'de yayımlanan makaleler psikolojinin hangi alt alanlarında yoğunlaşmaktadır? 2 TPD'nin çok yazarlık durumu nedir? 3 TPD'de yayımlanan makalelerin yazarları hangi kurumlarda çalışmaktadır? 4 TPD 'de yayımlanan yazıların atıf alanlarının özellikleri nelerdir? 5 TPD 'de yayımlanan makalelerde en sık atıf yapılan kaynak türü (dergi, kitap vb. hangisidir? 6 TPD 'de en sık atıf yapılan dergiler hangileridir? 7 TPD'de yayımlanan makalelerde dergilere yapılan atıfların dağılımı Bradford Yasasına uymakta mıdır? 8 TPD'deki makalelerin atıfları ile JCR'deki etki faktörü arasında bir ilişki bulunmakta mıdır? 9 Psikoloji literatürünün yaşlanma hızı nedir? 10 Etki faktörü açısından TPD'nin JCR'deki psikoloji dergileri arasındaki konumu nedir? Yayımlanan makalelerin neredeyse tamamı Türkçe'dir. Dergide makale yayımlayan kişilerin bağlı bulundukları kurumlara göre yapılan değerlendirmede en çok katkının Hacettepe, Ankara ve Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitelerindeki araştırmacılar tarafından gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. TPD 'de yayımlanan makalelerin %57'sine (67 makale atıf dizinleri kapsamında yayımlanan makaleler tarafından hiç atıf yapılmamıştır. TPD 'de 1995-2005 yılları arasında yayımlanan makalelere toplam 135 atıf yapılmıştır. Bu atıfların %34'ü yazarların kendi makalelerine yapmış olduğu atıflardır. Ayrıca TPD'ye yapılan atıfların %41'i yine TPD'de yay

  15. KORUMA SORUMLULUĞU: DARFUR KRİZİ VE LİBYA MÜDAHALESİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

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    Orkun SÜRÜCÜOĞLU

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Orkun SÜRÜCÜOĞLU* Öz 1990’lı yıllarda düzenlenen uluslararası askeri müdahaleler, insan haklarının korunması düşüncesi ile devletin egemenliği ilkesi arasında gerilim oluşturmuş ve bu müdahalelerin hukukiliği tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu konuda normatif bir konsensüs oluşturmak üzere kurulan komisyonun (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty “koruma sorumluluğu” kavramıyla ortaya koyduğu görüşler kimi değişikliklerle 2005 Birleşmiş Milletler (BM Dünya Zirvesi’nin Sonuç Bildirgesi’nde kendine yer bulmuştur. Özellikle 2011 yılında Libya’ya yapılan askeri müdahaleden sonra uluslararası kamuoyunda koruma sorumluluğu kavramı tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, koruma sorumluluğunun hukuki bir norm statüsüne ulaşıp ulaşmadığını tartışmaktır. Bunun için Darfur’da neden askeri müdahale yapılamayıp da Libya’da yapıldığı irdelenmekte ve bu karşılaştırma üzerinden çıkarımlarda bulunulmaktadır. Çalışma, koruma sorumluluğunun henüz hukuki bir norm olmadığı, ancak ahlaki bir norm olarak öne çıktığını ileri sürmektedir. İlgili durumlarda askeri müdahalenin yapılmasında BM Güvenlik Konseyi’nin daimi üyelerinin çıkarları ve bölgesel örgütlerin tavrı temel etken olmaktadır. Müdahale seçeneğinin olay bazlı değerlendirme sonucunda gündeme gelmesi ve devletleri gerektiğinde müdahaleye zorlayacak bir mekanizma bulunmaması da bu bağlamda önemli eksiklikler olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Abstract The international military interventions occurred in the 1990s caused a tension between the idea of protecting human rights and the principle of state sovereignty; and the legality of the interventions has become controversial. The Commission (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty that was established to form a normative consensus put forward its views through the concept of

  16. Bio/Nano Electronic Devices and Sensors

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Jones, W. K

    2008-01-01

    .... Flexible micromanipulator probes developed for probing waveguides. (5) Doped nano-diamonds and nanoceramic lasers- optically transparent YAG were demonstrated, and yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP...

  17. Kurumlar-Arası Sistem Kullanımının İşletme Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Tedarik Zinciri İşbirliğinin Aracılık Rolünün Analizi: Türk İnşaat Sektöründe Bir Uygulama(The Analysis of The Mediation Role of Supply Chain Collaboration on The Effect of Inter-Organizational System Usage to Firm Performance: An Application in Turkish Construction Sector

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cengiz YILMAZ

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Genel olarak kurumlar-arası sistemler (KS olarak bilinen internet tabanlı teknolojiler, işletmeleri tedarik zincirlerindeki ortaklar ile bütünleştirirler ve işletmelere süreçlerini optimize edebilme fırsatı verirler. Bu çalışmada, işletmelerin kendi başarıları yerine tedarik zincirinin bütünününde elde edilebilecek başarıyı hedef alarak, kurumlar-arası sistemlerin işletme performansına olan etkisinde tedarik zinciri işbirliğinin aracılık rolü hakkında daha fazla bilgi sahibi olabilmek için Türk inşaat sektöründe yapılan bir uygulama çalışmasını konu edinmektedir. Türk inşaat sektöründe yapılan bu çalışmadan 138 tane kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir ve çalışma analizleri bu anketlerin verilerine göre yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (Lisrel ile kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, KS kullanımı işletme performansına etki ederken tedarik zinciri işbirliğinin tam bir aracılık rolü üstlendiğini desteklemektedir. Çalışma, bu nedenle tedarik zinciri işbirliğinin kullanımında ve yönetilmesinde ortaklaşa yapılan çalışmaların önemini vurgulamaktadır. Araştırmanın sonunda ise ileride yapılabilecek çalışmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur Internet based technologies, particularly inter-organizational systems (IOS, integrates firms with their supply chain members and give them the opportunity to optimize their processes. So, by working together, firms achieve greater successes than working alone. This study aims this holistic success instead of individual, so in order to have more information about this issue, it examines the mediation role of supply chain collaboration while inter-organizational systems affect the firm performance. Data are collected from national construction sector and 138 usable responses were taken. The statistical methods used include confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (i.e. LISREL. According to

  18. Açıkdeniz Petrol Platformları İçin Bulanık Tabanlı Risk Analizi

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    Nagihan TÜRKOĞLU

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Günümüzde okyanus dibinde petrol arama çalışmaları artarak devam etmektedir. Deniz dibinde sondaj yapmak, petrol çıkarmak ve/veya üretilen petrolü depolamak amacıyla sabit veya yüzer yapılar (platformlar inşa edilmektedir. Petrol rezervinin bulunduğu yerin çevre koşullarına bağlı olarak kullanılan farklı tipte açık deniz platformları (SPAR, TLP, FPSO vb. vardır. Bu çalışmada, açık deniz petrol platformları risk analizi için bulanık tabanlı bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Başlangıçta gezici sondaj üniteleri, gezici üretim üniteleri ve tek gövdeli yapıların maruz kaldığı kazalar kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Deniz endüstrisinde risk ve emniyet analizi konusunda sıklıkla kullanılan yöntemler incelenerek, vaka çalışması olarak bir FPSO sistemi ele alınmış ve bu sistemin önemli bir bileşeni olan döner kule için risk analizi yapılmıştır. Açık deniz yapıları için hata oranları/ oluşma olasılıkları gibi belirleyici parametrelerin kesin değerlerini elde etmenin güç olduğu risk ve emniyet analizinde bulanık tabanlı bir yaklaşım uygun olacaktır.

  19. Comparative Investigation of Ce3+ Doped Scintillators in a Wide Range of Photon Energies Covering X-ray CT, Nuclear Medicine and Megavoltage Radiation Therapy Portal Imaging Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valais, Ioannis G.; Michail, Christos M.; David, Stratos L.; Liaparinos, Panagiotis F.; Fountos, George P.; Paschalis, Theodoros V.; Kandarakis, Ioannis S.; Panayiotakis, George S.

    2010-02-01

    The aim of the present work is to study the performance of scintillators currently used in PET and animal PET systems, under conditions met in radiation therapy and PET/CT imaging. The results of this study will be useful in applications where both CT and PET photons as well as megavoltage cone beam CT (MV CBCT) photons could be detected using a common detector unit. To this aim crystal samples of GSO, LSO, LYSO, LuYAP and YAP scintillators, doped with cerium (Ce+3) were examined under a wide energy range of photon energies. Evaluation was performed by determining the absolute luminescence efficiency (emitted light flux over incident X-ray exposure) in the energy range employed in X-ray CT, in Nuclear Medicine (70 keV up to 662 keV) and in radiotherapy 6 MV (approx. 2.0 MeV mean energy)-18 MV (approx. 4.5 MeV mean energy). Measurements were performed using an experimental set-up based on a photomultiplier coupled to a light integration sphere. The emission spectrum under X-ray excitation was measured, using an optical grating monochromator, to determine the spectral compatibility to optical photon detectors incorporated in medical imaging systems. Maximum absolute luminescence efficiency values were observed at 70 keV for YAP:Ce and LuYAP:Ce and at 140 keV for LSO:Ce, LYSO:Ce and GSO:Ce. Highest absolute efficiency between the scintillators examined was observed for LSO:Ce, followed by LYSO:Ce. The detector optical gain (DOG) exhibited a significant variation with the increase of energy between 70 keV to 2.0 MeV. All scintillators exhibited low compatibility when combined with GaAsP (G5645) photodetector.

  20. ÇİMENTO ENJEKSİYONLARINDA KULLANILAN KATKI MALZEMELERİNİN REOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERE ETKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Özcan TAN

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada farklı oranlardaki bentonit (B, uçucu kül (UK ve silis dumanı (SD ile birlikte hazırlanan enjeksiyon karışımlarının reolojik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Deneyler için Taguchi Yöntemine göre 3 parametreli 4 seviyeli L16 deney tasarım tablosu seçilmiştir. Enjeksiyon karışımlarının hazırlanmasında, kullanılan katı ağırlığının % 0, % 0.5, % 1 ve % 3'ü oranlarında bentonit, % 10, % 20, % 30 ve % 40'ı oranlarında uçucu kül ve % 0, % 5, % 10 ve % 20'i oranlarında silis dumanı kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan enjeksiyon karışımları için laboratuarda çökelme ve Marsh Hunisi deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deneyler su/katı (S/K 1.25 için yapılmış olup deney sonuçları Taguchi Yöntemine göre ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda; Akma süresi ve çökelme miktarı üzerinde en etkili parametrenin silis dumanı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Enjeksiyon karışımlarının incelenen özellikleri için optimum karışım oranları Taguchi Yöntemi ile belirlenmiş ve bu oranlar için doğrulama deneyleri yapılmıştır.

  1. Gıda Sanayiinde Ekstruzyonla İşleme Teknolojisi

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    Şahin Tanju

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Geçtiğimiz son 10-15 yıl içinde ekstruzyonla gıda maddeleri üretimi, hububata dayalı gıda endüstrisinin en hızlı büyüyen bölümü olmuştur. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar ekstruzyon yöntemi ile tad, doku ve yapıca farklı çok çeşitli ürünlerin yapılabileceğini göstermiştir (Faubion ve ark. 1982. Ekstruzyonla gıda işleme (Extrusion Cooking basit olarak nemlendirilmiş nişastalı ve proteinli maddelerin bir silindir içinde dönen vida yardımıyla oluşturulan mekanik kesme, yüksek basın ve sıcaklığın birlikte etkisi ile şekillendirilebilir hale getirilip pişirilmesidir. Bu üç faktörün etkisi ile maddenin bünyesindeki nişasta çirişlenir, proteinler denatüre olur, çekme, kesme gibi mekanik etkininde yardımıyla maddenin yapısı tamamen değişir. Başlık da denilen kalıp delikçiklerinden basınç altında dışarı itilirken belirli bir şekle girer dilekten çıktığı anda eksotermik bir genişleme sonucu son şeklini alır. İp, şerit, ince boru gibi şekiller alan ürün daha sonra istenilen uzunluklarda kesilir (Hauck, 1980.

  2. JEWISH IDEA: FROM KING TEMPLE TO KING STATE YAHUDİ İDEASI: KRAL MABEDİNDEN KRAL DEVLETE

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    Mustafa YİĞİTOĞLU

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The study focuses on a process that has become the main problem of Judaism. As the subject, this article is reflectiton the world and the beyond world of the point of view of Judaism. This actually means that the analysis in general terms the history of Jewish thought. Although concentrated in the research issue is not exactly a history of thought. But this article examines the structure of Judaism directly. Firstly in this research discusses King Solomon’s temple which was built as an indicator of Judaism is institutionalized and the idea of Jewish towards to King State. Bu çalışma Yahudiliğin temel sorunu haline gelen bir süreci ele almaktadır. Konu itibari ile Yahudiliğin dünyaya ve dünya ötesine bakış açısını yansıtmaktadır. Bu, aslında Yahudi düşünce tarihinin genel anlamda analizi demektir. Gerçi araştırmanın yoğunlaştığı husus tam anlamıyla bir düşünce tarihi değildir. Ancak alan itibariyle Yahudiliğin doğrudan yapısını inceleyen bir duruma haizdir.Araştırmada ilk olarak Yahudiliğin kurumsallaştığının bir göstergesi olan Kral Süleyman’ın inşa ettirdiği mabed; önemi, konumu ve etkisi gibi hususiyetleriyle tarihsel bir çerçevede ele alınmış, nihayetinde Kral Devlete doğru giden bir Yahudi düşüncesine yer verilmiştir.

  3. THE MOVIE, KABADAYI, IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HABIT OF MIND IN ANATOLIAN SOCIETY ANADOLU TOPLUMU ZİHİNSEL YAPISI BAĞLAMINDA KABADAYI FİLMİ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zehra YİĞİT

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Mentality is defined as the implicit reference system of a group. Concrete data that mentality shows itself in reveal in wide areas like attitudes, opinions, life style, morals; therefore, the frame of the mentality in that group, its “portrait” like Ülgener said, can be described when these areas are examined. It is confirmed that another one of the significant areas mentality reading made is the artistic production of that country such as literature, art and cinema. Artistic production especially cinema, reflects the society that they live in; on the other hand, they hold the influence in certain conditions. Furthermore, artists incorporate the mentality of the time and society that they live in; therefore, movies have the characteristic of the mentality in the society where they belong to. The characteristics of this frame can be confirmed with mentality reading, the mentality in that era can be revealed. It is aimed to make mentality reading in the movie called Kabadayı in this study. Sociological method is applied in the film analysis, and theoretical structure is based on anthropology, sociology and history. The movie called Kabadayı incorporates numerous elements, belonging to the habit of mind in Anatolian society, in the reciprocity of ancient and neo in its narration. Consequently, filmic narration bears the stamp of mentality that belongs to the era and society. Zihniyet, bir grubun örtük referans sistemi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Zihniyetin kendisini gösterdiği somut veriler davranışlar, fikirler, yaşam tarzı, ahlak gibi çok geniş alanlarda ortaya çıkmakta, dolayısıyla bu alanlar incelendiğinde o grubun zihniyet yapısının çerçevesi, Ülgener’in tabiriyle bir “portresi” çizilebilmektedir. Zihniyet okumalarının yapıldığı önemli alanlardan bir diğeri ise o ülkenin edebiyatı, resmi, sineması gibi sanat eserleri olarak saptanmaktadır. Sanat eserleri özelde sinema, içinde bulundu

  4. Güney-Batı Anadolu Bölgesindeki kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten. kültür ormanlarında değişik silvikültürel uygulamalara göre artım ve büyüme ilişkileri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. Neşat Erkan

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışma ile sıklık çağına gelmiş kızılçam ağaçlandırma alanlarında yapılacak değişik dozdaki ayıklamaların ve aralamaların, meşcere artım ve büyümesi üzerine olan etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, 1982-2016 yılları arasında Kaş-Tekircik ve Eğirdir-Aşağı Narlı kızılçam ağaçlandırma alanı olmak üzere iki yerde yürütülmüştür. Rastlantı blokları deneme deseni kullanılmış; Kaş ve Eğirdir deneme alanlarında toplam 5 blok ve 35 parselden elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada aralama şiddeti işlem olarak; 1 kontrol, 2 mutedil aralama ve 3 şiddetli aralama şeklinde üç işlemli bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Deneme parsellerinde, kontrol parselleri hariç olmak üzere, 1990 ve 2004 yıllarında, meşcerenin ihtiyaç gösterdiği parsellerde ve düzeyde aralamalara devam edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucu; Meşcereye müdahale edilen parsellerde, 1985, 1990 ve 2004 yıllarında yapılan ölçme sonuçlarına göre Ortalama çapın, belirgin bir şekilde arttığını göstermiştir. Yine her iki yerde, toplam 5 blok üzerinden yapılan varyans analiz sonucunda, aralamaların göğüs yüzeyi ve kalan meşcere hacmi üzerinde p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Parsellerde 44. yaşında, kalan meşcere hacmi için yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, aralama şiddetinin kalan meşcere hacmi üzerinde etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Genel meşcere hacminin ise, yapılan istatistik analizler sonucunda p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde, aralamalardan etkilenmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kızılçam ormanlarında, işletme amaçları çerçevesinde, büyümeyi kaliteli gövdeler üzerinde toplamaya yönelik olarak, büyümenin hızlı olduğu genç yaşlarda, ekonomik açıdan da uygun olacağı düşüncesi ile müdahale sıklığını azaltmak ve bunun için de şiddetli aralama ile göğüs y

  5. Sahra Tozunun Elemental Yapısının Bitkilerin Büyümesi Üzerindeki Göreceli Etkisinin İncelenmesi / Investigation of the Relative Effect of Sahara Dust's Elemental Structure on Plants' Growth

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayşe Nihal Yücekutlu

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Atmosferik taşınım sürecinde, kuzey Afrika orijinli Sahra çöl tozları mineral aerosol’ün en önemli kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada, Sahra’dan getirilen çöl toprak örneklerinin bulut içerisindeki davranışlarının simüle edildiği laboratuvar koşullarında gerçekleştirilmesi ve alıcı ortam olarak çimlendirme kaplarında yetişen ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L. ve makarnalık buğday (Triticum durum L.’ ın bazı çeşitlerinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Kontrollü iklim odalarında yapılan buğday yetiştirme deneylerinde ışıklandırılmış Sahra çöl toprağı çözeltisi uygulamasının fide uzunluğu ve fotosentetik pigmentler [klorofil a, klorofil b, klorofil (a+b ve karotenoidler (c+x, mg ml-1 g Taze Ağırlık-1] üzerine olan etkileri, Hewitt besin çözeltisi uygulaması ile karşılaştırılabilir veya daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği istatistiksel yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. Sahra çöl topraklarından besin çözeltisi elde edilmesi ve Hewitt besin çözeltisine alternatif olarak kullanılması ile kültür bitkileri üzerine olan besinsel etkisi ilk kez bu çalışmada ortaya konmuştur (Yücekutlu vd., 2011. Özellikle biyolojik olarak kullanıma hazır (çözünmüş eser element içeriklerinin yüksek oluşu nedeni ile Sahra çöl tozunun biyojeokimyasal süreçler vasıtası ile biyolojik sistemlere ve birincil üretime olan potansiyel katkısı buğday (Triticum sp. L. (Yücekutlu, 2011 ve pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L. bitkileri üzerinde (Yücekutlu, 2010 çalışılmıştır. Sahra çöl tozu taşınımının, izleme (monitoring teknikleri Yücekutlu (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 tarafından araştırılmıştır. Ülkemizi Güney Batı’dan-Doğu’ya, Güneyden-Kuzey’e kadar kat eden Sahra çöl tozlarının tarım-ekonomisine yapacağı katkı, eko-sistemlere besin tuzu sağlayan potansiyel bir kaynak olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu araştırma kapsamında, Sahra çöl tozlarının; hava

  6. Yatarak fizyoterapi alan hastaların yaşam kaliteleri ve maliyet analizi

    OpenAIRE

    AKTAŞ, İlknur; KAPTANOĞLU YILDIRIM, Ayşegül; ÜNLÜ ÖZKAN, Feyza; YILMAZ KAYSIN, Meryem; ŞİLTE, Ayşe Duygu

    2015-01-01

    Amaç: Lokomotor sistem sorunları nedeniyle yatarak fizyoterapi alan hastaların yaşam kaliteleri ve maliyet analizlerini ortaya koymaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Yatarak fizyoterapi alan olguların demografik verileri kaydedildi ve 15 D yaşam kalite sorgulaması yapıldı. Maliyetleri hesaplandı. Yaşam kalitesi ölçeği verilerini kullanarak hesaplanan, kaliteye ayarlanmış yaşam yılı (KAYY) sayısını kullanarak ekonomik analiz yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Doksan üç olgunun 75’i (%80,64) kadın, 18’i (%19,35) e...

  7. Kan basıncı ölçüm aletlerimiz ne kadar doğru ölçüyor: kurumsal sürekli bakım programı

    OpenAIRE

    Ek, Rauf Onur; Dişcigil, Güzel; Başak, Okay; Kaplan, Hülya; Çeçen, Serpil; Bozkaya, Ayfer

    2006-01-01

    Amaç: Sfigmomanometre fizik muayenenin önemli bir parçasıdır ve kan basıncı kontrolünün temel taslarından birisidir. Sfigmomanometrelerin dogru ölçüm yapabilmesi için kalibrasyonlarının ve bakımlarının yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalısma, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde kullanımda olan sfigmomanometrelerin degerlendirmesini yapmak ve aletlerin düzenli aralıklarla kontrolünü saglayabilmek için bir program olusturabilmek mevcut sorunları saptamak amacıyla yapılmıstır. ...

  8. Kadına yönelik şiddet ve töre cinayetleri

    OpenAIRE

    Yüksel, Ayten Buket

    2016-01-01

    Şiddet, geçmişten günümüze hayata yansıyan, huzursuzluk yaratan, güç kanıtlamak ya da hâkimiyet kurmak adına karşı tarafa zarar verici davranışlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Töre ise yazılı olmayan fakat uyulması gereken kurallar olarak belirlenen, uyulmaması durumunda töre cinayetlerine neden olan kavramı ifade etmektedir. Şiddet ve töre cinayetlerinin temelindeki ataerkil yapı, kadını birey olarak değil erkeğin himayesi altında etkisiz bir nesne olarak görmekte ve bu yapıdaki z...

  9. Karagöl (Yamanlar, İzmir'ün Sucul Coleoptera (Classis: Insecta Faunasına Katkılar.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esat Tarık Topkara

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Karagöl (Yamanlar-İzmir’den 18 Mayıs 2006 tarihinde yapılan örnekleme sonucu elde edilen sucul Coleoptera örnekleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sistematik açıdan yapılan değerlendirmede, Adephaga altfamilyasının Gyrinidae ve Dytiscidae familyalarına ait 4 tür, Polyphaga altfamilyasının Helophoridae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae ve Dryopidae familyalarına ait 7 tür tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen türler bu gölün sucul Coleoptera faunası için yeni kayıt niteliğindedir

  10. Servikal nöral foraminal bölge ve uncinate çıkıntının embriolojik gelişimi ve anatomisinin klinikle ilişkilendirilmesi

    OpenAIRE

    BROHİ, Recep Ali

    2012-01-01

    Servikal bölge ile ilgili yapılan anatomik ve morfometrik çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğunda erişkin kadavra ve kemikleri kullanılmıştır. Servikal bölgenin ve bu bölge ile patolojilerde önemli rol oynayan uncinate proses ve servikal nöral foramen ile ilgili çalışmalar literatürde bulunsa da bu iki yapının embriolojik gelişimi yeterin...

  11. A diode-pumped Nd:YAlO3 dual-wavelength yellow light source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Jing; Zhai, Pei; Xia, Jing; Li, Shutao; Fu, Xihong

    2013-01-01

    We present what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first diode-pumped Nd:YAlO 3 (Nd:YAP) continuous-wave (cw) dual-wavelength yellow laser at 593 nm and 598 nm, based on sum-frequency generation between 1064 and 1339 nm in a-axis polarization using LBO crystal and between 1079 and 1341 nm in c-axis polarization using PPKTP crystal, respectively. At an incident pump power of 17.3 W, the maximum output power obtained at 593 nm and 598 nm is 0.18 W and 1.86 W, respectively. The laser experiment shows that Nd:YAP crystal can be used for an efficient diode-pumped dual-wavelength yellow laser system. (paper)

  12. Past matrix stiffness primes epithelial cells and regulates their future collective migration through a mechanical memory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nasrollahi, Samila; Walter, Christopher; Loza, Andrew J; Schimizzi, Gregory V; Longmore, Gregory D; Pathak, Amit

    2017-11-01

    During morphogenesis and cancer metastasis, grouped cells migrate through tissues of dissimilar stiffness. Although the influence of matrix stiffness on cellular mechanosensitivity and motility are well-recognized, it remains unknown whether these matrix-dependent cellular features persist after cells move to a new microenvironment. Here, we interrogate whether priming of epithelial cells by a given matrix stiffness influences their future collective migration on a different matrix - a property we refer to as the 'mechanical memory' of migratory cells. To prime cells on a defined matrix and track their collective migration onto an adjoining secondary matrix of dissimilar stiffness, we develop a modular polyacrylamide substrate through step-by-step polymerization of different PA compositions. We report that epithelial cells primed on a stiff matrix migrate faster, display higher actomyosin expression, form larger focal adhesions, and retain nuclear YAP even after arriving onto a soft secondary matrix, as compared to their control behavior on a homogeneously soft matrix. Priming on a soft ECM causes a reverse effect. The depletion of YAP dramatically reduces this memory-dependent migration. Our results present a previously unidentified regulation of mechanosensitive collective cell migration by past matrix stiffness, in which mechanical memory depends on YAP activity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Targeting the Hippo Pathway Is a New Potential Therapeutic Modality for Malignant Mesothelioma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sekido, Yoshitaka

    2018-03-22

    Malignant mesothelioma (MM) constitutes a very aggressive tumor that arises from the pleural or peritoneal cavities and is highly refractory to conventional therapies. Several key genetic alterations are associated with the development and progression of MM including mutations of the CDKN2A/ARF , NF2 , and BAP1 tumor-suppressor genes. Notably, activating oncogene mutations are very rare; thus, it is difficult to develop effective inhibitors to treat MM. The NF2 gene encodes merlin, a protein that regulates multiple cell-signaling cascades including the Hippo pathway. MMs also exhibit inactivation of Hippo pathway components including LATS1/2, strongly suggesting that merlin-Hippo pathway dysregulation plays a key role in the development and progression of MM. Furthermore, Hippo pathway inactivation has been shown to result in constitutive activation of the YAP1/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, thereby conferring malignant phenotypes to mesothelial cells. Critical YAP1/TAZ target genes, including prooncogenic CCDN1 and CTGF , have also been shown to enhance the malignant phenotypes of MM cells. Together, these data indicate the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for the treatment of MM, and support the development of new strategies to effectively target the activation status of YAP1/TAZ as a promising therapeutic modality for this formidable disease.

  14. Derin suda dairesel silindir arkasında meydana gelen akış yapısının örgü teller ile kontrol edilmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Burcu Oğuz

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada amaç derin su içerisine yerleştirilen silindire (bacalar, yüksek binalar vb. ve arkasındaki bir cisme veya cisimlere girdap kopması sonucu etki eden daimi olmayan yüklerin etkisinin ve şiddetinin azaltılması ve optimum değerlerin (tel kalınlığı ve geçirgenlik oranı, β belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla çapı D=50 mm olan dairesel silindir etrafına sarılan farklı kalınlık ve geçirgenlik oranına sahip örgü tellerin etkisi Re_D=5000 değerinde araştırılmıştır. Geçirgenlik oranları β=0.5-0.8 aralığında 0.1 artımlarla dört farklı değerdedir. Silindir üzerine sarılmış tellerin kalınlıkları b=1 mm, 2 mm, 3mm ve 4mm’dir. Silindir arkasında meydana gelen akış yapısı, silindir etrafına sarılan örgü tellerle kontrol edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Deneyler PIV (parçacık görüntülemeli hız ölçme tekniği kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Tüm geçirgenlik oranlarında, Türbülans Kinetik Enerji (TKE ve Reynolds kayma gerilmesi değerleri b=1 mm ve 2 mm tel kalınlıklarında, örgüsüz silindirin değeri ile kıyaslandığında artmakta fakat b=3 mm ve 4 mm kalınlıklarında azalmaktadır. Geçirgenlik oranı, β=0.6 değerinde ve tel kalınlığı b=4 mm durumunda TKE ve Reynolds kayma gerilmesi değerleri, örgü tellerinin silindir arkasında meydana gelen akışı kontrol ettiğini göstermektedir. Frekans değerlerinin sonuçları da örgü tellerin, silindir arkasındaki akışı, geçirgenlik oranı β=0.6 ve b=4 mm tel kalınlığında en iyi kontrolü sağladığını net bir şekilde açıklamaktadır

  15. Thermal characteristics of wild and captive Micronesian Kingfisher nesting habitats

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kesler, Dylan C.; Haig, Susan M.

    2004-01-01

    To provide information for managing the captive population of endangered Guam Micronesian kingfishers (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina), four biologically relevant thermal metrics were compared among captive facilities on the United States mainland and habitats used by wild Micronesian kingfishers on the island of Pohnpei (H. c. reichenbachii), Federated States of Micronesia. Additionally, aviaries where kingfishers laid eggs were compared to those in which birds did not attempt to breed. Compared to aviaries, habitats used by wild Pohnpei kingfishers had 3.2A?C higher daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the proportion of time when temperatures were in the birds' thermoneutral zone was 45% greater. No differences were found in the magnitude of temperature fluctuation in captive and wild environments. In captive environments in which birds bred, daily maximum temperatures were 2.1A?C higher and temperatures were within the thermoneutral zone 25% more often than in the aviaries where the kingfishers did not breed. No differences were found in the magnitude of temperature fluctuation or the daily minimum temperature. Results suggest that the thermal environment has the potential to influence reproduction, and that consideration should be given to increasing temperatures in captive breeding facilities to improve propagation of the endangered Micronesian kingfisher.

  16. 77 FR 15804 - Employment and Training Administration Program Year (PY) 2012 Workforce Investment Act (WIA...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-16

    ...This notice announces allotments for PY 2012 for WIA Title I Youth, Adults and Dislocated Worker Activities programs; final allotments for Employment Service (ES) activities under the Wagner- Peyser Act for PY 2012 and Workforce Information Grants allotments for PY 2012. Allotments for the Work Opportunity Tax Credits will be announced separately. WIA allotments for States and the State final allotments for the Wagner-Peyser Act are based on formulas defined in their respective statutes. The WIA allotments for the outlying areas are based on a formula determined by the Secretary of Labor (Secretary). As required by WIA section 182(d), on February 17, 2000, a notice of the discretionary formula for allocating PY 2000 funds for the outlying areas (American Samoa, Guam, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, Palau, and the Virgin Islands) was published in the Federal Register at 65 FR 8236 (February 17, 2000). The rationale for the formula and methodology was fully explained in the February 17, 2000, Federal Register notice. The formula for PY 2012 is the same as used for PY 2000 and is described in the section on Youth Activities program allotments. Comments are invited on the formula used to allot funds to the outlying areas.

  17. Programmable electronics for low-cost small animal PET/SPECT imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guerra, Pedro; Rubio, Jose L.; Kontaxakis, Georgios; Ortuno, Juan E.; Ledesma, Maria J.; Santos, Andres

    2006-01-01

    This work describes and characterizes the detector module of a novel positron/single photon emission (PET/SPECT) scanner for small animals. This detector consists of a YAP/LSO phoswich, a photomultiplier and acquisition front-end, and will be used as building block of a low-cost hybrid tomograph. The front-end processes data sampled at a fixed frequency, where a state-of-the-art programmable device estimates scintillation pulse parameters by means of digital algorithms. Finally, the estimated properties of the proposed detector module are used to model a rotating four-head scanner. The performance of the proposed PET/SPECT scanner is estimated and first results are promising in both modalities, deserving further research and optimization

  18. Güney Lefkoşa’da Osmanlı Dönemi Camileri / Ottoman Period Mosques in South Nicosia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Çiğdem Çağnan

    2018-03-01

    belirgin dönemler; XVI. yüzyıla kadar Latin Uygarlıkları’nın etkisinde daha sonra Osmanlı (1571-1878, İngiliz (1878-1960 ve Modern (1960-günümüz dönemleridir. Akdeniz'deki stratejik konumu nedeniyle kültür mirası, doğudan ve batıdan değişik kültürleri kapsamaktadır. Türkler Kıbrıs'a 1571'de adanın Osmanlı’lar tarafından fethi ile birlikte gelmiştir. Bu tarihten sonra Osmanlı’lar, beraberlerinde getirdikleri kültürü Kıbrıs’ta da inşa etmeye başlamışlardır. Adanın yönetimi için gereksinim duyulan idari, dini ve kamu ile ilgili kurumlar kurulmuştur. Camiler, hamamlar, hanlar, değirmenler, su kemerleri, eğitim kurumları ve ticaret yerleri gibi Osmanlı’nın yönetim, eğitim ve sosyal yapılanmasının mimari alanda göstergeleri olan anıtsal yapılar inşa edilerek, vakıf (evkaf geleneği ile devamlılıkları sağlanmıştır. 1974’ten itibaren adada iki bölgeli bir yerleşim politikası izlenmiştir. Adanın kuzey bölgesi, Kıbrıslı Türklerin yerleştiği, güney bölgesi ise Kıbrıslı Rumların yerleştiği bölgeler olarak ayrılarak, Lefkoşa bölünmüş bir başkent haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Güney Lefkoşa'da Osmanlı Dönemi'nden kalan dört yapı olan Ömeriye, Bayraktar, Araplar ve Tahtakale (Taht-El Kale camileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle evkaf (vakıf arşivleri ve literatür taraması yapılarak, yapıların tarihçeleri ile ilgili bilgi toplanmıştır. Daha sonra yapıların yerinde inceleme yapılarak, güncel durumları analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, taşınmaz birer kültür mirası olan bu camilerin günümüzdeki yapısal ve işlevsel durumlarının ortaya konması amacı ile yapılmıştır.

  19. Hatay İlinde Meyve Fidanı Üreten İşletmelerin Yapısı, Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuran Tapkı

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Hatay İlinde meyve fidancılığı sektörünün yapısı ve sorunları ortaya konulmuş, çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışma, 92 meyve fidancılığı işletmesinde tam sayım yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. İşletmelerde aile nüfusunun %51,15’ini ilkokul mezunları oluştururken, üniversite mezunlarının oranı %8,62 düzeyinde kalmıştır. İşletmelerde ziraat mühendisi istihdam etme oranı %2,18’dir. İşletmecilerin %64,05’i fidancılığı baba mesleği olarak yaparken, %3,37’si fidancılık eğitimi alarak bu mesleğe başlamışlardır. İşletmelerde potansiyel aile işgücü ortalama 4,22 Erkek İşgücü Birimidir (EİB. Aile işgücünün %50,71’i aktif durumdadır. İşletmelerde kullanılan toplam Erkek İşgücünün (EİG %88,48’i fidan üretiminde, %5,32’si diğer tarım faaliyetlerinde ve %5,22’si ise tarım dışı işlerde değerlendirilmektedir. İşletmelerin ortalama toplam arazi genişliği 25,74 dekar olup, bunun 12 dekarını fidan üretim arazisi oluşturmuştur. Fidan arazilerinin %74,58’i mülk, %25,42’si de kira durumdadır. İşletmelerin ortalama işletme sermayeleri ise 229.308 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bölgede işletmelerin en fazla karşılaştıkları sorunlar ise; girdi fiyatları yüksekliği, birliğe üyelik için bürokratik işlemlerin çok olması, destek miktarının yetersiz olması, kalifiye eleman bulmada karşılaşılan zorluklar ile bölgede görülen hastalıklardır. Sonuç olarak, meyve fidanı üretim kapasitenin arttırılması önerilmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, işletmelerin fidan üretim kapasitelerini artırmaları ve sorunların çözümün kolaylaştırmak için bir organizasyon altında birleşmeleri gerektiğini göstermektedir.

  20. Eliminating tobacco-related disparities among Pacific Islanders through leadership and capacity building - Promising practices and lessons learned

    Science.gov (United States)

    David, Annette M.; Lew, Rod; Lyman, Annabel K.; Otto, Caleb; Robles, Rebecca; Cruz, George

    2013-01-01

    Tobacco remains a major risk factor for premature death and ill health among Pacific Islanders, and tobacco-related disparities persist. Eliminating these disparities requires a comprehensive approach to transform community norms about tobacco use through policy change, as contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) international Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Three of the six US-affiliated Pacific Islands – the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Palau and the Marshall Islands – are Parties to the FCTC; the remaining three territories – American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and Guam – are excluded from the treaty by virtue of US non-ratification. Capacity building and leadership development are essential in achieving policy change and health equity within Pacific Islander communities. We describe promising practices from American Samoa, CNMI, FSM, Guam and Palau and highlight some of the key lessons learned in supporting and sustaining the reduction in tobacco use among Pacific Islanders as a first step towards eliminating tobacco-related disparities in these populations. PMID:23690256

    1. Epidemiological update on the dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region, 2012.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Arima, Yuzo; Chiew, May; Matsui, Tamano

      2015-01-01

      Dengue has caused a substantial public health burden in the Western Pacific Region. To assess this burden and regional trends, data were collated and summarized from indicator-based surveillance systems on dengue cases and deaths from countries and areas in the Western Pacific Region. In 2012, dengue notifications continued to increase with 356,838 dengue cases reported in the Region (relative to 244,855 cases reported in 2011) of which 1248 died. In the Asia subregion, the notification rate was highest in Cambodia, the Philippines and the Lao People's Democratic Republic (316.2, 198.9 and 162.4 per 100,000 population, respectively), and in the Pacific island countries and areas, the notification rate was highest in Niue, the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia (8556.0, 337.0 and 265.1 per 100,000 population, respectively). All four serotypes were circulating in the Region in 2012 with considerable variabilitiy in distribution. Regional surveillance provides important information to enhance situational awareness, conduct risk assessments and improve preparedness activities.

    2. Epidemiological update on the dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region, 2012

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Yuzo Arima

      2015-04-01

      Full Text Available Dengue has caused a substantial public health burden in the Western Pacific Region. To assess this burden and regional trends, data were collated and summarized from indicator-based surveillance systems on dengue cases and deaths from countries and areas in the Western Pacific Region. In 2012, dengue notifications continued to increase with 356 838 dengue cases reported in the Region (relative to 244 855 cases reported in 2011 of which 1248 died. In the Asia subregion, the notification rate was highest in Cambodia, the Philippines and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (316.2, 198.9 and 162.4 per 100 000 population, respectively, and in the Pacific island countries and areas, the notification rate was highest in Niue, the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia (8556.0, 337.0 and 265.1 per 100 000 population, respectively. All four serotypes were circulating in the Region in 2012 with considerable variabilitiy in distribution. Regional surveillance provides important information to enhance situational awareness, conduct risk assessments and improve preparedness activities.

    3. The study of 670.7 nm red light generated by intracavity frequency doubling of a Q-switched Nd : YAlO3 laser

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Zhu Haiyong; Zhang Ge; Huang Chenghui; Wei Yong; Huang Lingxiong; Huang Yidong

      2009-01-01

      High-power 670.7 nm red light was obtained by intracavity frequency doubling of a Q-switched Nd : YAlO 3 (Nd : YAP) laser with a critical phase matching (θ = 85.9 0 , φ = 0 0 ) cut LBO. Experimental configurations using V-cavity and Z-cavity have been adopted for comparison. The highest output power of 19.7 W was achieved in the Z-cavity with optical-optical efficiency of 4%. Compared with the laser using an Nd : YAG crystal, the adoption of Nd : YAP simplified the laser system in the absence of a solid etalon and the Brewster plate. The output power stability of the red laser was investigated and the fluctuation was lower than 3% at the output power of 18 W an hour.

    4. Sub-millimeter planar imaging with positron emitters: EGS4 code simulation and experimental results

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Bollini, D.; Del Guerra, A.; Di Domenico, G.

      1996-01-01

      Experimental data for Planar Imaging with positron emitters (pulse height, efficiency and spatial resolution) obtained with two matrices of 25 crystals (2 x 2 x 30 mm 3 each) of YAP:Ce coupled with a Position Sensitive PhotoMultiplier (Hamamatsu R2486-06) have been reproduced with high accuracy using the EGS4 code. Extensive simulation provides a detailed description of the performance of this type of detector as a function of the matrix granularity, the geometry of the detector and detection threshold. We present the Monte Carlo simulation and the preliminary experimental results of a prototype planar imaging system made of two matrices, each one consisting of 400 (2 x 2 x 30 mm 3 ) crystals of YAP-Ce

    5. Continuous-wave laser operation at 743 and 753 nm based on a diode-pumped c-cut Pr:YAlO3 crystal

      Science.gov (United States)

      Lin, Xiuji; Huang, Xiaoxu; Liu, Bin; Xu, Bin; Xu, Huiying; Cai, Zhiping; Xu, Xiaodong; Li, Dongzhen; Liu, Jian; Xu, Jun

      2018-02-01

      We report on blue-diode-pumped continuous-wave Pr:YAlO3 (YAP) crystal lasers. Using a b-cut sample, a maximum output power of 181 mW is achieved at ∼747 nm with slope efficiency of 12.7% with respect to the absorbed power. Using a c-cut sample, a dual-wavelength laser at ∼743 and ∼753 nm is obtained with a total maximum output power of 72 mW by using the blue diode pumping, for the first time to our knowledge. These laser emissions are all linearly polarized and M2 factors of these output laser beams are also measured. YAP is experimentally verified to be one of effective oxide hosts for Pr-doped visible laser operation besides its fluoride counterparts.

    6. Decreased extracellular pH inhibits osteogenesis through proton-sensing GPR4-mediated suppression of yes-associated protein.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Tao, Shi-Cong; Gao, You-Shui; Zhu, Hong-Yi; Yin, Jun-Hui; Chen, Yi-Xuan; Zhang, Yue-Lei; Guo, Shang-Chun; Zhang, Chang-Qing

      2016-06-03

      The pH of extracellular fluids is a basic property of the tissue microenvironment and is normally maintained at 7.40 ± 0.05 in humans. Many pathological circumstances, such as ischemia, inflammation, and tumorigenesis, result in the reduction of extracellular pH in the affected tissues. In this study, we reported that the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was significantly inhibited by decreases in the extracellular pH. Moreover, we demonstrated that proton-sensing GPR4 signaling mediated the proton-induced inhibitory effects on the osteogenesis of BMSCs. Additionally, we found that YAP was the downstream effector of GPR4 signaling. Our findings revealed that the extracellular pH modulates the osteogenic responses of BMSCs by regulating the proton-sensing GPR4-YAP pathway.

    7. Turizm pazarlamasında görsel ve yazılı tanıtım materyali içeriğinin satın alma niyetine etkileri: Eksik bilgiye dayalı çıkarım yaklaşımı

      OpenAIRE

      Bilim, Yasin

      2010-01-01

      Tanıtım ve pazarlama alanındaki çalışmalarda, reklamda verilen bilgilerin reklamı yapılan destinasyonu tam anlamıyla yansıtabildiğini varsayılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, destinasyonlar nadiren tam bilgiyle tanıtılmakta ve bu yüzden tüketiciler genel olarak satın alma kararını sınırlı bilgiye dayandırarak vermektedirler. Eksik bilgi, 'karar vermek için gerekli olan ürün özelliklerinden bir ya da birkaçının olmaması' olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bilginin eksikliği yaygın bir durumdur. Yapılan bir a...

    8. A study on light collection of small scintillating crystals

      CERN Document Server

      Vittori, F; Malatesta, T; Puertolas, D

      2000-01-01

      Measurements are described concerning the light collection efficiency of YAP:Ce and CsI(Tl) crystals pillars with thicknesses ranging between 3 and 28 mm and cross-sections of 0.6 x 0.6 and 1 x 1 mm sup 2. These measurements have shown that the light collection is strongly dependent on the length of the pillar rather than on its cross-sectional area. A Monte Carlo code has been developed in order to evaluate the light collection efficiency as a function of the pillar geometry and surface treatment. Particular attention has been paid to the light transition through the crystal-photocathode window interface. The possibility to improve light detection by using a new photon detector provided with a YAP photocathode window has been verified.

    9. The lived experience of Pacific Island women with a “big body” size

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Nafanua Braginsky

      2016-03-01

      Full Text Available This phenomenological study explored the lived experience with "big body" size of Pacific Island women who migrated to Hawaii. Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized in this study. A purposive sample included six Pacific Island women. Five of the six women had migrated to Hawaii from the island nations of Micronesia. The sixth participant was a Native Hawaiian who had lived in Micronesia and had returned to Hawaii. The collection and transcription of data were done by the first author. Data were categorized into themes independently by the three authors and bracketing was maintained throughout the study. The women identified the dichotomy of "big body" versus "small body" and the connotation of each body size in how they viewed the world around them. They shared their lifestyle and transitional changes in trying to adapt and ‘fit’ into the new lifestyle in Hawaii. These changes impacted their eating habits and work schedule, level of activity, and financial security. The women identified biopsychosocial concerns in their lives and the need to re-evaluate their "big body" size in relation to their health and physical and psychosocial changes. Implications for future research are to include a diverse representation of women from island countries within the Pacific Basin. The results of this study provided valuable information related to cultural relevance and sensitivity in working with Pacific Island women in managing their health.

    10. Tarla Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Meyve Yetiştiriciliğine Uygunluğunun Araştırılması: Yeşilsırt Köyü Örneği

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Korkmaz BELLİTÜRK

      2014-09-01

      Full Text Available Yeşilsırt, Tekirdağ ilinin Muratlı ilçesine bağlı bir köydür. Ekonomisi tarım ve hayvancılığa dayanan köyde daha çok buğday ve ayçiçeği ekiminde kullanılan tarım arazilerinde meyvecilik, ilçe merkezinde olduğu gibi çok küçük bir paya sahiptir. İklim özellikleri bakımından meyve yetiştiriciliğine uygun olan ve sulama suyu sıkıntısı olmayan bu bölgenin buğday ve ayçiçeği ekimi yapılan tarım alanlarından alınan 26 adet toprak örneğinin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri değerlendirilerek, bu toprakların meyveciliğe uygun olup olmadığı sorgulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, toprakların pH değerleri elma, armut, erik ve kiraz yetiştirilmesi için uygundur. Fosfor, demir ve bakır bakımından iyi durumda olan topraklarda azot eksikliği mevcuttur. Toprakların yarısından fazlasında potasyum, mangan ve çinko eksikliği olduğu tespit edilmiş olup organik içerikli gübrelerle eksiklik giderilebilir. Toprakların tüm fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri dikkate alındığında, Yeşilsırt köyü topraklarının elma, armut, erik ve kiraz yetiştiriciliğine uygun olduğu saptanmıştır

    11. Dynamics of Zika virus outbreaks: an overview of mathematical modeling approaches.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Wiratsudakul, Anuwat; Suparit, Parinya; Modchang, Charin

      2018-01-01

      The Zika virus was first discovered in 1947. It was neglected until a major outbreak occurred on Yap Island, Micronesia, in 2007. Teratogenic effects resulting in microcephaly in newborn infants is the greatest public health threat. In 2016, the Zika virus epidemic was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Consequently, mathematical models were constructed to explicitly elucidate related transmission dynamics. In this review article, two steps of journal article searching were performed. First, we attempted to identify mathematical models previously applied to the study of vector-borne diseases using the search terms "dynamics," "mathematical model," "modeling," and "vector-borne" together with the names of vector-borne diseases including chikungunya, dengue, malaria, West Nile, and Zika. Then the identified types of model were further investigated. Second, we narrowed down our survey to focus on only Zika virus research. The terms we searched for were "compartmental," "spatial," "metapopulation," "network," "individual-based," "agent-based" AND "Zika." All relevant studies were included regardless of the year of publication. We have collected research articles that were published before August 2017 based on our search criteria. In this publication survey, we explored the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. We found five basic model architectures previously applied to vector-borne virus studies, particularly in Zika virus simulations. These include compartmental, spatial, metapopulation, network, and individual-based models. We found that Zika models carried out for early epidemics were mostly fit into compartmental structures and were less complicated compared to the more recent ones. Simple models are still commonly used for the timely assessment of epidemics. Nevertheless, due to the availability of large-scale real-world data and computational power, recently there has been growing interest in more complex modeling frameworks

    12. Natural radioactivity levels in soils of Fiji

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Garimella, S.; Kumar, A.; Prasad, U.; Jafar, M.

      1998-01-01

      A 10 cm (diameter) x 7.5 cm NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer with a low background shield has been used to measure the natural radioactivity levels in soils of Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji. From this, the external gamma-dose which is likely to be delivered to the local population in this region is computed and found to be 99 μGy a -1 . This is well below the world average, but it is comparable to that observed in Marshall Islands and the Micronesia

    13. Betel Nut Chewing in Hawai‘i: Is it Becoming a Public Health Problem? Historical and Socio-Cultural Considerations

      Science.gov (United States)

      Neri, Enrico I

      2012-01-01

      This article examines the socio-cultural significance of betel nut use among Micronesians, in light of the recent migration of Micronesians to Hawai‘i. The different ways of chewing betel nut are the result of historical changes within Micronesia over time due to Spanish and US colonialism as well as the introduction of tobacco. These divergent ways of chewing may have different risks or impacts on health and it remains to be seen whether or not betel nut will become a significant public health problem in Hawai‘i. PMID:22413101

    14. Natural radioactivity levels in soils of Fiji

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Garimella, S.; Kumar, A.; Prasad, U.; Jafar, M.

      1998-01-01

      A 10 cm (diameter) x 7.5 cm NaI(TI) gamma-ray spectrometer with a low background shield has been used to measure the natural radioactivity levels in soils of Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji. From this, the external gamma-dose which is likely to be delivered to the local population in this region is computed and found to be 99 microG a -1 . This is well below the world average, but it is comparable to that observed in Marshall Islands and the Micronesia. (author). 17 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs

    15. Marine lake ecosystem dynamics illustrate ENSO variation in the tropical western Pacific

      OpenAIRE

      Martin, Laura E; Dawson, Michael N; Bell, Lori J; Colin, Patrick L

      2005-01-01

      Understanding El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its biological consequences is hindered by a lack of high-resolution, long-term data from the tropical western Pacific. We describe a preliminary, 6 year dataset that shows tightly coupled ENSO-related bio-physical dynamics in a seawater lake in Palau, Micronesia. The lake is more strongly stratified during La Niña than El Niño conditions, temperature anomalies in the lake co-vary strongly with the Niño 3.4 climate index, and the abundance...

    16. PISA Sonuçları Açısından Ülkelerin Eğitimli Olmayan Nüfus Yapısının Analizi: Uluslararası Bir Perspektif An Analysis Of Countries’ Uneducated Population In Terms Of PISA Results: An International Perspective

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      İlknur MAYA

      2013-09-01

      highestachievement in PISA. Furthermore, the population of illiterate youthand adults is also lower in countries with high achievement in PISAthan in countries with low achievement. Eğitim, bir ülkenin ekonomik yönden gelişmesinde ve kalkınmasında olduğu kadar uluslararası alanda sürdürülebilir bir rekabet gücü oluşturmasında önemli bir etkendir. Birçok ülkedeki çalışmalar, özelde eğitimin ve genelde insan sermayesini geliştirmenin ülkenin büyüme oranlarının ve kişi başına gelir düzeyindeki değişmelerin açıklanmasında önemli bir etken olduğunu desteklemektedir. Bu nedenle her ülkenin eğitime gereken yatırımı yapması, eğitimde kaliteyi sağlaması ve eğitim sorunlarının farkında olması önem taşımaktadır. Okul dışında kalan çocuklar ve okuryazar olmayan genç ve yetişkin nüfus, gelişmekte olan birçok ülke için önemli eğitim sorunlarını oluşturmaktadır. Kaldı ki toplumun eğitim düzeyi kalkınmayı olduğu kadar, eğitim alanında yapılan uluslararası sınavlardaki başarıyı da etkilemektedir. Bu çerçevede, okul dışında kalan çocuk nüfusu ve okuryazar olmayan genç ve yetişkin nüfus yapısının eğitime ilişkin uluslararası politika belgelerinde yer alan önemli göstergeler olduğu görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Uluslararası Öğrenci Değerlendirme Programı olan PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment sonuçları açısından ülkelerin eğitimli olmayan çocuk, genç ve yetişkin nüfus yapısının karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan yöntem, doküman incelemesidir. Araştırma evrenini, PISA (2009 sınavına katılan 34’ü OECD üyesi olmak üzere 65 ülke oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemi, PISA sonuçlarında en yüksek (10 ve en düşük (10 başarı gösteren toplam 20 ülke oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, en son verilere ulaşılmak istendiğinden ilgili veriler OECD (2012, PISA (2009 ve UIS (2011 istatistiklerinden

    17. Aspectual asymmetries in the mental representation of events: Role of lexical and grammatical aspect.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Yap, Foong Ha; Chu, Patrick Chun Kau; Yiu, Emily Sze Man; Wong, Stella Fay; Kwan, Stella Wing Man; Matthews, Stephen; Tan, Li Hai; Li, Ping; Shirai, Yasuhiro

      2009-07-01

      Temporal information is important in the construction of situation models, and many languages make use of perfective and imperfective aspect markers to distinguish between completed situations (e.g., He made a cake) and ongoing situations (e.g., He is making a cake). Previous studies in which the effect of grammatical aspect has been examined have shown that perfective sentences are often processed more quickly than imperfective ones (e.g., Chan, Yap, Shirai, & Matthews, 2004; Madden & Zwaan, 2003; Yap et al., 2004; Yap et al., 2006). However, these studies used only accomplishment verbs (i.e., verbs with an inherent endpoint, such as bake a cake). The present study on the processing of Cantonese includes activity verbs (i.e., durative verbs with no inherent endpoint, such as play the piano), and the results indicate a strong interaction between lexical aspect (i.e., verb type) and grammatical aspect. That is, perfective sentences were processed more quickly with accomplishment verbs, consistent with previous findings, but imperfective sentences were processed more quickly with activity verbs. We suggest that these different aspectual asymmetries emerge as a result of the inherent associations between accomplishment verbs and the bounded features of perfective aspect and between activity verbs and the unbounded features of imperfective aspect. The sentence stimuli from this study may be downloaded from mc.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.

    18. Surface topography of hydroxyapatite promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Yang, Wanlei; Han, Weiqi; He, Wei; Li, Jianlei; Wang, Jirong; Feng, Haotian; Qian, Yu

      2016-03-01

      Effective and safe induction of osteogenic differentiation is one of the key elements of bone tissue engineering. Surface topography of scaffold materials was recently found to promote osteogenic differentiation. Utilization of this topography may be a safer approach than traditional induction by growth factors or chemicals. The aim of this study is to investigate the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation by surface topography and its mechanism of action. Hydroxyapatite (HA) discs with average roughness (Ra) of surface topography ranging from 0.2 to 1.65 μm and mean distance between peaks (RSm) ranging from 89.7 to 18.6 μm were prepared, and human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on these discs. Optimal osteogenic differentiation was observed on discs with surface topography characterized by Ra ranging from 0.77 to 1.09 μm and RSm ranging from 53.9 to 39.3 μm. On this surface configuration of HA, hBMSCs showed oriented attachment, F-actin arrangement, and a peak in the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and PDZ binding motif (TAZ) (YAP/TAZ). These results indicated that the surface topography of HA promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, possibly by increasing cell attachment and promoting the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    19. Integrin αv in the mechanical response of osteoblast lineage cells

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      Kaneko, Keiko [Department of Bone and Joint Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 (Japan); Ito, Masako [Medical Work-Life-Balance Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8501 (Japan); Naoe, Yoshinori [Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 (Japan); Lacy-Hulbert, Adam [Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 (United States); Ikeda, Kyoji, E-mail: kikeda@ncgg.go.jp [Department of Bone and Joint Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 (Japan)

      2014-05-02

      Highlights: • Deletion of integrin αv in osteoblast lineage results in an impaired SOST response to loading in vivo. • c-Src–p130Cas–JNK–YAP/TAZ is activated via integrin αv on osteoblasts in response to FSS. • Deletion of integrin αv in osteoblasts results in impaired responses to mechanical stimulation. • Integrin αv is a key component of the mechanosensing machinery in bone. - Abstract: Although osteoblast lineage cells, especially osteocytes, are thought to be a primary mechanosensory cell in bone, the identity of the mechano-receptor and downstream mechano-signaling pathways remain largely unknown. Here we show using osteoblastic cell model of mechanical stimulation with fluid shear stress that in the absence of integrin αv, phosphorylation of the Src substrate p130Cas and JNK was impaired, culminating in an inhibition of nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ and subsequent transcriptional activation of target genes. Targeted deletion of the integrin αv in osteoblast lineage cells results in an attenuated response to mechanical loading in terms of Sost gene expression, indicative of a role for integrin αv in mechanoreception in vivo. Thus, integrin αv may be integral to a mechanosensing machinery in osteoblastic cells and involved in activation of a Src–JNK–YAP/TAZ pathway in response to mechanical stimulation.

    20. In Vitro Investigation of Wear of CAD/CAM Polymeric Materials Against Primary Teeth

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Jae-Won Choi

      2017-12-01

      Full Text Available The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of polymeric computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM materials on antagonistic primary tooth wear. Five CAD/CAM polymeric materials were examined: Vipi Block Monocolor (VBM, Yamahachi polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA (YAP, Mazic Duro (MZD, Vita Enamic (ENA, and Pekkton (PEK. All of the specimens were tested in a thermomechanical loading machine with the primary canine as the antagonist (50 N, 1.2 × 105 cycles, 1.7 Hz, 5/55 °C. The wear losses of the antagonist tooth and the restorative materials were calculated using reverse modelling software and an electronic scale. VBM and ENA showed significantly higher antagonist tooth wear than PEK (p < 0.05, but there was no significant difference observed among VBM, YAP, MZD, and ENA (p > 0.05. PEK showed the largest value in both material volumetric and weight losses. In terms of material volumetric losses, there was no significant difference between all of the groups (p > 0.05. In terms of material weight losses, PEK was significantly larger than ENA (p < 0.05, but there was no significant difference between VBM, YAP, MZD, and ENA (p > 0.05. Volumetric and weight losses of materials showed similar wear behaviour. However, the wear patterns of antagonists and materials were different, especially in PEK.

    1. Mersin Bitkisi (Myrtus communis L.'nde Farklı Hasat Zamanlarının

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Ayşe Betül AVCI

      2009-04-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışma Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bornova araştırma alanında bulunan Mersin (Myrtus communis L. bitkilerinde farklı hasat zamanlarının uçucu yağ oranlarına etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, Mersin bitkisinden Ekim 2002 tarihinden itibaren bir yıl boyunca her ayın 15'inde ve günün üç farklı saatinde (08:00, 13:00, 18:00 olacak şekilde yapraklı dal örnekleri alınmıştır. Mersin (Myrtus communis L. bitkisinde en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı ortalama % 0.725 ile Temmuz ayında saat 18.00'de yapılan hasatta, en düşük oran ise ortalama % 0.250 ile mart ayında saat 13.00'de yapılan hasatta elde edildiği gözlenmiştir. Yapılan LSD testine göre farklı aylara ve saatlere göre belirlenen uçucu yağ değerleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmuştur.

    2. Integrin αv in the mechanical response of osteoblast lineage cells

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Kaneko, Keiko; Ito, Masako; Naoe, Yoshinori; Lacy-Hulbert, Adam; Ikeda, Kyoji

      2014-01-01

      Highlights: • Deletion of integrin αv in osteoblast lineage results in an impaired SOST response to loading in vivo. • c-Src–p130Cas–JNK–YAP/TAZ is activated via integrin αv on osteoblasts in response to FSS. • Deletion of integrin αv in osteoblasts results in impaired responses to mechanical stimulation. • Integrin αv is a key component of the mechanosensing machinery in bone. - Abstract: Although osteoblast lineage cells, especially osteocytes, are thought to be a primary mechanosensory cell in bone, the identity of the mechano-receptor and downstream mechano-signaling pathways remain largely unknown. Here we show using osteoblastic cell model of mechanical stimulation with fluid shear stress that in the absence of integrin αv, phosphorylation of the Src substrate p130Cas and JNK was impaired, culminating in an inhibition of nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ and subsequent transcriptional activation of target genes. Targeted deletion of the integrin αv in osteoblast lineage cells results in an attenuated response to mechanical loading in terms of Sost gene expression, indicative of a role for integrin αv in mechanoreception in vivo. Thus, integrin αv may be integral to a mechanosensing machinery in osteoblastic cells and involved in activation of a Src–JNK–YAP/TAZ pathway in response to mechanical stimulation

    3. Bina Enerji Analiz Yazılımlarının HVAC Sistemlerindeki Hatalarını Azaltmak Ve Gerçek Zamanlı Verimlilik Hesabı İçin Geri Besleme Sistemi Geliştirilmesi

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Ersen KURU

      2016-01-01

      Full Text Available Geçmişte HVAC sistemlerinin altyapı ve teknik yeterliliklerinin konfigürasyonu sorundu. Gelişen mekanik, elektrik-elektronik ve bilgisayar teknolojisiyle bu sorunların yerini daha verimli nasıl kullanılabileceği sorusu yer almıştır. Bu tür sistemleri verimli kullanabilmemiz için de mutlaka somut ölçümler yapılmalıdır. Çünkü ölçemediğimiz durumları verimli yönetmemiz söz konusu olamaz. Bina enerji hesaplama yazılımları tasarım aşamasında fikir vermesi için oldukça büyük öneme sahiptir. Fakat geri besleme olarak herhangi bir somut ölçümsel denetim mekanizmaları bulunmamaktadır. Bina otomasyonu, özellikle de HVAC sistemlerinin verimlilik düzeylerinin denetlenmesi için mutlaka geri beslemesi bulunan sistemlerden bilgi alınması gerekmektedir.  Bu çalışmada mevcut HVAC otomasyon sistemlerinin enerji verimlilikleri güvenilirlik düzeyleri ve denetim mekanizmalarının güçlendirilmesi için yapılması gereken geri besleme sistemleri hakkında çalışmalar yapılmıştır.

    4. Kahramanmaraş’ta Dondurma Tüketim Alışkanlığı

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      Gülgün Yıldız Tiryaki

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Kahramanmaraş dondurması şehrin adıyla simgeleşmiş özel bir üründür. Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş merkez ilçede tüketicilerin sosyoekonomik ve demografik yapıları dikkate alınarak dondurma tüketim alışkanlıkları incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, 2005 yılında tesadüfen seçilen yaşı 18 ve üstünde bulunan bireylerle yüz yüze yapılmış olan anketler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Kahramanmaraş ilinde tüketicilerin önemli bir bölümünün (%70.8 Kahramanmaraş dondurması tükettikleri saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, araştırma alanında anket yapılan tüketicilerden dondurma tüketen bireylerin %8.2’si daha çok markalı dondurmaları tercih ederken %21’inin de hem Kahramanmaraş dondurması hem de markalı dondurmaları tükettikleri belirlenmiştir.

    5. İl Özel İdarelerinde Yeniden Yapılan(amama Çabaları ve Uygulamada Karşılaşılan Sorunlar((InCapability of Re-Organization Efforts and Implementation Problems in The Special Provincial Administrations

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      Sedat AZAKLI

      2016-04-01

      Full Text Available Osmanlı’nın son dönemine dayanan il özel idareleri, tarihsel süreç içinde defaatle yeniden yapılandırmalara konu olan bir yerel yönetim birimidir. İl özel idarelerinin görev ve yetki alanları dönemsel olarak daralma ve genişleme eğilimi gösterirken; bu durum kurumun önem ve mahiyetindeki değişiklikleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Hatta bazı dönemlerde bu kurumların bir yerel yönetim olup olmadığı tartışılmış ve kapatılmasının daha rasyonel olacağı yönünde eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Sözü edilen eleştiriler güncelliğini korumaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı il özel idarelerinde reform çalışmalarının tarihsel gelişimini ortaya koymak ve Mahalli İdareler Genel Müdürlüğü’nün, Türkiye’de Yerel Yönetim Reformu Uygulamasının Devamına Destek Projesi (LAR II kapsamında gerçekleştirdiği çalıştayların sonuçlarına yer vererek uygulamada yaşanan sorunları ve çözüm önerilerini değerlendirmektir. Çalıştaylarda pratikte yaşanan sorunlara odaklanarak ‘yerelin nabzını yoklama’yı amaçlandığı için; bu çalışma da uygulayıcıların alanda yaşadıkları sorunlar ve çözüm önerilerini mevcut mevzuat çerçevesinde değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada son olarak 6360 sayılı Kanun’un il özel idarelerine yansımaları değerlendirilmekte ve özel idare ile mülki idare ilişkilerinin geleceği, Yatırım İzleme ve Koordinasyon Başkanlığı ekseninde ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma, il özel idareleri hakkında bundan sonra yapılacak araştırmalara yol gösterme ve literatüre, özellikle uygulamada yaşanan sorunların çözümü noktasında katkıda bulunma çabasını taşımaktadır Special provincial administrations (SPAs are the local administration bodies, dated back to the late Ottoman era, that are subjected to the continuous re-organization in the historical process. While SPAs’ responsibilities and competence areas have tendency to shrink

    6. TmpL, a transmembrane protein required for intracellular redox homeostasis and virulence in a plant and an animal fungal pathogen.

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      Kwang-Hyung Kim

      2009-11-01

      Full Text Available The regulation of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS is critical for developmental differentiation and virulence of many pathogenic fungi. In this report we demonstrate that a novel transmembrane protein, TmpL, is necessary for regulation of intracellular ROS levels and tolerance to external ROS, and is required for infection of plants by the necrotroph Alternaria brassicicola and for infection of mammals by the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. In both fungi, tmpL encodes a predicted hybrid membrane protein containing an AMP-binding domain, six putative transmembrane domains, and an experimentally-validated FAD/NAD(P-binding domain. Localization and gene expression analyses in A. brassicicola indicated that TmpL is associated with the Woronin body, a specialized peroxisome, and strongly expressed during conidiation and initial invasive growth in planta. A. brassicicola and A. fumigatus DeltatmpL strains exhibited abnormal conidiogenesis, accelerated aging, enhanced oxidative burst during conidiation, and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress when compared to wild-type or reconstituted strains. Moreover, A. brassicicola DeltatmpL strains, although capable of initial penetration, exhibited dramatically reduced invasive growth on Brassicas and Arabidopsis. Similarly, an A. fumigatus DeltatmpL mutant was dramatically less virulent than the wild-type and reconstituted strains in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis. Constitutive expression of the A. brassicicola yap1 ortholog in an A. brassicicola DeltatmpL strain resulted in high expression levels of genes associated with oxidative stress tolerance. Overexpression of yap1 in the DeltatmpL background complemented the majority of observed developmental phenotypic changes and partially restored virulence on plants. Yap1-GFP fusion strains utilizing the native yap1 promoter exhibited constitutive nuclear localization in the A. brassicicola DeltatmpL background. Collectively, we

    7. DBYBHY2007 ve FEMA440 da Önerilen Performans Noktası Belirleme Yaklaşımlarının Karşılaştırılması

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      Konuralp Girgin

      2013-03-01

      Full Text Available Mevcut betonarme yapı sistemlerinin performansa dayalı hesabında, kapasite ve istem eğrilerinin kesiştirilmesi ile elde edilen performans noktasının belirlenmesi için farklı yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik (DBYBHY2007 de, TB'den daha uzun peryotlu yapılar için eşit yerdeğiştirme prensibine dayalı bir yöntem izlenirken, FEMA440 da efektif periyot ve sönüm tanımlarına dayalı bir ardışık yaklaşım yöntemi önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, düzenli betonarme yapı sistemlerini temsil edecek şekilde seçilen, farklı kat sayılarına sahip çerçeve ve perde-çerçeve türü taşıyıcı sistemi olan binalar üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu binalar için DBYBHY2007 ve FEMA440 da tanımlanan performans noktası belirleme yaklaşımları kullanılarak elde edilen deprem istemleri, birbirleriyle ve "kesin çözüm" olarak kabul edilen Zaman Tanım Alanında Doğrusal Olmayan Analiz (ZTADOA ile bulunan deprem istemleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu istemler arasında tepe yerdeğiştirmesi, taban kesme kuvveti, göreli kat ötelemeleri bulunmaktadır. İncelenen sistemlerde, DBYBHY2007 ile belirlenen istemlerin "kesin çözüm" olarak kabul edilen ZTADOA sonuçlarına daha yakın olduğu gözlenmiştir.

    8. KONTROL ODAĞI VE ÖRGÜTSEL MUHALEFET ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

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      Çiğdem KAYA

      2017-12-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada çalışanların iş çevrelerindeki kontrol algılarının (kontrol odağının, örgütle ilgili anlaşmazlıklarını ve karşıt fikirlerini sözlü olarak ifade etme stratejileri (örgütsel muhalefet ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, İstanbul’da çeşitli sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren firmalarda çalışan 180 beyaz yakalı çalışandan toplanan veri analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, çalışanların kontrol odaklarının yapıcı açık muhalefet, dışsal muhalefet ve sorgulayıcı açık muhalefet ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Kontrol odağı yapıcı açık muhalefeti ve sorgulayıcı açık muhalefeti negatif yönde açıklamakta, dışsal muhalefeti ise pozitif yönde açıklamaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, dışsal kontrol odağına sahip çalışanların dışsal muhalefet yapmaya eğilimli olup, yapıcı ve sorgulayıcı açık muhalefet yapmaktan kaçındıklarını göstermektedir. Kontrol odağı daha içsel kontrole doğru gittikçe çalışanlar yapıcı ve sorgulayıcı açık muhalefet yapmaya daha çok eğilimli olup, dışsal muhalefet yapma olasılıkları azalmaktadır.

    9. Expression of the Hippo transducer TAZ in association with WNT pathway mutations impacts survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Melucci, Elisa; Casini, Beatrice; Ronchetti, Livia; Pizzuti, Laura; Sperati, Francesca; Pallocca, Matteo; De Nicola, Francesca; Goeman, Frauke; Gallo, Enzo; Amoreo, Carla Azzurra; Sergi, Domenico; Terrenato, Irene; Vici, Patrizia; Di Lauro, Luigi; Diodoro, Maria Grazia; Pescarmona, Edoardo; Barba, Maddalena; Mazzotta, Marco; Mottolese, Marcella; Fanciulli, Maurizio; Ciliberto, Gennaro; De Maria, Ruggero; Buglioni, Simonetta; Maugeri-Saccà, Marcello

      2018-02-05

      An extensive crosstalk co-regulates the Hippo and Wnt pathway. Preclinical studies revealed that the Hippo transducers YAP/TAZ mediate a number of oncogenic functions in gastric cancer (GC). Moreover, comprehensive characterization of GC demonstrated that the Wnt pathway is targeted by oncogenic mutations. On this ground, we hypothesized that YAP/TAZ- and Wnt-related biomarkers may predict clinical outcomes in GC patients treated with chemotherapy. In the present study, we included 86 patients with advanced GC treated with first-line chemotherapy in prospective phase II trials or in routine clinical practice. Tissue samples were immunostained to evaluate the expression of YAP/TAZ. Mutational status of key Wnt pathway genes (CTNNB1, APC and FBXW7) was assessed by targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS). Survival curves were estimated and compared by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and the log-rank test, respectively. Variables potentially affecting progression-free survival (PFS) were verified in univariate Cox proportional hazard models. The final multivariate Cox models were obtained with variables testing significant at the univariate analysis, and by adjusting for all plausible predictors of the outcome of interest (PFS). We observed a significant association between TAZ expression and Wnt mutations (Chi-squared p = 0.008). Combined TAZ expression and Wnt mutations (TAZ pos /WNT mut ) was more frequently observed in patients with the shortest progression-free survival (negative outliers) (Fisher p = 0.021). Uni-and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that patients whose tumors harbored the TAZ pos /WNT mut signature had an increased risk of disease progression (univariate Cox: HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.27-4.05, p = 0.006; multivariate Cox: HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.41-5.29, p = 0.003). Finally, the TAZ pos /WNT mut signature negatively impacted overall survival. Collectively, our findings indicate that the oncogenic YAP/TAZ-Wnt crosstalk may be

    10. İnşaat Projelerinin Ağ Diyagramlarıyla Planlanmasında Süre-Maliyet Değişimlerinin Yeni İşgücü Eklenmesi Orijininde Analizi

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      Latif Onur UĞUR

      2014-09-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada Düzce ili TOKİ Toplu Konut Projesi’nde 8 adet B tipi bloğundan oluşan kompleksin inşaat maliyeti; CPM ile hazırlanan iş programları, iş gücü, ilgili yıl enflasyon ve faiz değerleri esas alınarak proje süresinin değişimi halinde maliyetlerin alacağı değerler bazında incelenmiştir. İşin sözleşmesinde belirtilen sürede (16 ay tamamlanması durumundaki iş gücü maliyeti, aylık gelir-giderler, enflasyon ve faiz değerleri hesaplanmıştır. İşin tamamlanma süresinin 12 aya, 10 aya, 8 aya, ve 6 aya çekilmesi halinde proje maliyeti değerlerinin; iş gücü maiyetleri, aylık gelir-giderler, enflasyon ve faiz değişimi durumuna göre aldığı değerler irdelenmiştir. Bunun için her süre kısaltması haline karşılık gelen iş programları düzenlenmiş, artış gerektiren iş gücü maliyetleri hesaplanarak ilgili diyagramlar çizilmiş ve süre-maliyet karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Bir projenin yatırım planlaması yapılırken; farklı koşullara göre farklı planlamaların yapılması ve her planlamanın zaman, kaynak ve maliyet analizlerinin yapılarak en rasyonel olanın tercih edilmesinin; edinilen bulguların da desteği ile makro ve mikro ölçeklerde en uygun yol olacağı fikri pekiştirilmiştir

    11. Gemilerde Uygun Olmayan Yakıt ve Yetersiz Silindir Yağlama Yağının Ağır Devirli Gemi Dizel Motorlarına Etkileri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

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      Murat Yapıcı

      2015-12-01

      Full Text Available Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; gemilerde kullanılan yakıtların uygunluğu açısından önemli noktaları irdelemek, ayrıca ana makine olarak kullanılan iki zamanlı ağır devirli gemi dizel motorlarında silindir yağlama yağına olan etkileri incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmada 2007-2015 yılları arasındaki gemi kayıtları incelenmiş ve tablo 3’de bulunan veriler elde edilmiştir. Geminin 39000 saatlik ana makine piston ve silindir bakım saatleri tablosu oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular: Uygun yakıt ve silindir yağlama yağı ile ilgili bakım sonrası uygun yağ miktarının tespiti yapılmıştır. Değişken kükürt oranlarına göre ayarlanabilen silindir yağlayıcıları (cylinder oil lubricator için kükürt oranı ve yüke göre veriler girilerek Excel tabanlı yağ miktarı hesaplama uygulaması modellenmiştir. Sonuç: Yapılan çalışma sayesinde başka tonaj ve tipteki makinelere aynı model uygulanarak makine bakım geçmişi çıkarılarak eksiklikler saptanabilir veya hazırlıklar yapılabilir. Örneğin 15000-19999 çalışma saati aralığında 16 kez piston bakımı yapıldığına göre layner değişiminden sonraki ikinci 20000 saatlik dilimde 35000-40000 saatlik dilimde piston ve layner değişimlerinin olacağı önceden tespit edilerek gerekli yedek malzeme erken tedarik edilerek zamandan kazanılmış olur. Bu sayede daha büyük arızaların önü kesilmiş olur. Şirket ve gemi arasında planlı bakım sistemi daha verimli hale getirilmiş olur. Bu kapsamda yapılan çalışma ile literatüre gerçek bir uygulamadan yola çıkılarak ilerideki çalışmalar için başlangıç olması hedeflenmiştir.

    12. THE RESTORATION OF PAINTING “NUDE” BY SAİP TUNA FOUND IN COLLECTION OF THE ANKARA STATE MUSEUM OF PAINTINGS AND SCULPTURES [Tr: ANKARA DEVLET RESİM VE HEYKEL MÜZESİ KOLEKSİYONUNDA BULUNAN, SAİP TUNA’YA AİT “NÜ” İSİMLİ TABLONUN RESTORASYONU

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      Berna ÇAĞLAR ERYURT

      2018-04-01

      Full Text Available Oil painting conservation is a conservation field which is considerably sensitive and requires different fields of specialization from storage to exhibition, from transportation to packaging, from cleaning to retouching. In our country, the fewness of specialists and insufficiency of researches and publications in this field is noticeable and it is observed that the few works that are conducted are not based on scientific foundations. In our museums, many artworks which were subject to false applications by non-specialists or which were harmed because they were not kept in appropriate conditions are encountered. One of these artworks is the oil painting titled “Nu” by one of the important Republican artists, Saip Tuna (1904-1974 found in the storage room of Ankara State Museum of Paintings and Sculptures. In this study, examination and documentation procedures along with conservation and restoration methods carried out with scientific methods on this painting are discussed. Within this scope, the painting in question was examined by non-destructive (visual and microscopic methods, the deteriorations and previous restorations in the constituting layers of the painting were detected with the help of inclined light, illumination from behind and ultraviolet light. It was observed that the previous restoration treatments made by using materials/methods, such as an intense varnishing application and a faulty retouching, which are not suitable for the original structure of the artwork along with the problems arising from the unfavourable storing conditions had caused deteriorations/damages on the artwork. Restoration works of the painting were carried out according to the detected deteriorations and damages. The data obtained through this work exhibit the importance of the field specialization in the success of conservation and restoration applications as much as the necessity of detection and diagnosis based on scientific research and examination

    13. M(1,6-HEXANEDİTHİOLNi(CN4 BİLEŞİKLERİNİN KIRMIZIALTI SPEKTROSKOPİSİ İLE İNCELENMESİ (M=Ni, Cd, Co, Mn VE Zn

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Zeki KARTAL

      2009-02-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, genel formülü M(1,6-HexanedithiolNi(CN4 (M = Ni, Cd, Co, Mn ve Zn olan Hofmann-tipi bileşikler kimyasal yollardan ilk kez elde edildi. Elde edilen bileşiklerin kırmızıaltı spektrumları, 4000 cm-1- 400 cm-1 bölgesinde kaydedildi. Spektrumların incelenmesi, bileşik yapılarının │M-Ni(CN4│∞ polimerik tabakalardan oluştuğunu ve ligand molekülünün, kare düzlemsel yapıdaki metal atomlarına kükürt atomlarından bağlandığını göstermektedir.

    14. NAHÇİVAN'DA TUNÇ VE DEMIR ÇAĞINDA KIL KAPLARIN YAPILMASI

      OpenAIRE

      Halilov, Toğrul

      2014-01-01

      Makalede M.Ö. IV-I bin yıllarda kil kabların yapılması öğrenilmiştir. Belirlenmişdir ki, seramikçilig Nahçivan'ın en eski sanat alanıdır. Bu dönemde Azerbaycan'ın diğer ilçeleri gibi Nahçivan da önemli sanat merkezi olmuştur. Seramik ürünleri boyutu, biçimi, üzerindeki desenleri, yapıldığı malzeme ve teknolojisine göre bir-birinden farklıdır. Nahçivan seramikçiglerinin yapmış olduğu kil kaplar sofra ve ya mutfak seramigi olmak üzre iki gruba ayrıliyor. Şunların benzerleri Gü...

    15. DİŞ TEDAVİLERİ GENEL ANESTEZİ ALTINDA YAPILAN ÇOCUKLARIN HEMODİNAMİK DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİ THE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF CHILDREN RECEIVING GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR DENTAL TREATMENTS

      OpenAIRE

      KAVALOĞLU ÇILDIR, Şule; SANDALLI, Nüket; NOYAN, Adnan

      2010-01-01

      ÖZETDiş tedavilerinin genel anestezi altında yapılması endikasyonlarının iletişim kurulamayan, yaygın çürükleri olan, sistemik rahatsızlığı olan ve engelli çocuklar olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, diş tedavilerinin genel anestezi altında yapıldığı durumlarda genel anestezinin fiziksel ve mental etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Yaşları 3-12 yaş arasında değişen 30 hastanın diş tedavileri, Yeditepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı'nda genel anestezi altında y...

    16. Evlenme Geleneğinin Temel Dinamikleri

      OpenAIRE

      Kara, Çiğdem

      2009-01-01

      Bu çalışmada Eskişehir evlenme geleneklerini oluşturan uygulamaların temel dinamikleri konu edilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı uygulamaların hepsinde ortak olan oluşturucu öğe, aktör ve toplumsal değerlerin ortaya konmasıdır. B i r diğer amaç ise araştırmacıların dikkatinin uygulamaların nasıl yapıldığından, uygulamaların neden yapıldığına çekilmesidir. Verilerin kaynağı Eskişehir evlenme biçim ve geleneklerinin sözlü tarih yöntemiyle derlendiği bir ar...

    17. Türkiye'deki Drama Ağırlıklı Matematik Öğretimi Çalışmaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme/ An Evaluatıon of Drama Orıented Mathematıcs Teachıng Studıes In Turkey

      OpenAIRE

      Kayhan, Hüseyin Cahit

      2013-01-01

      Bu çalışmada alan yazın taraması yapılarak Türkiye'de Matematik öğretiminde drama, dramatizasyon ve yaratıcı drama yönteminin yeri nedir?” sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. İlgili literatür incelemesi doğrultusunda drama, dramatizasyon ve yaratıcı dramanın öğretim açısından önemi ve özellikle Türkiye'de matematik öğretiminde yaratıcı dramanın bir yöntem olarak kullanılması ile ilgili yapılmış araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Matematik, soyut kavramların kazanılmasındaki zorluklardan dolayı öğrencil...

    18. Türkiye'deki Drama Ağırlıklı Matematik Öğretimi Çalışmaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme/ An Evaluatıon of Drama Orıented Mathematıcs Teachıng Studıes In Turkey

      OpenAIRE

      Kayhan, Hüseyin

      2013-01-01

      Bu çalışmada alan yazın taraması yapılarak Türkiye'de Matematik öğretiminde drama, dramatizasyon ve yaratıcı drama yönteminin yeri nedir?” sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. İlgili literatür incelemesi doğrultusunda drama, dramatizasyon ve yaratıcı dramanın öğretim açısından önemi ve özellikle Türkiye'de matematik öğretiminde yaratıcı dramanın bir yöntem olarak kullanılması ile ilgili yapılmış araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Matematik, soyut kavramların kazanılmasındaki zorluklardan dolay...

    19. Ortaçağ’da Devlet, Hukuk, İtaat ve İsyana Bir Kaç Örnek A Few Examples Of The State, Law, Obedience And Insurrection In The Middle-Age

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Mehmet ÖZMENLİ

      2012-12-01

      Full Text Available Law is one of the most crucial factors affecting people’s lives andis, therefore, the basis of the society in peace and security with respectto its rules that guarantee the social-order, its coercive or compellingstructure and its key-role in the provision of man’s benefits or interests.And the state is in a position of a judge who acts lıke an arm or a wingfor the implementation of the law and who establish peace andreconciliation in a society by preserving human rights and freedoms.One of the most significant obstacles which threaten the continuity andauthority of a state is the attempt to rebel against the government orthe poiltical power.Throughout history, people have rebelled against governments forvarious reasons. Sometimes social and sometimes economic issues havetriggered such revolts against governments.Religion has also had a significant impact on rebellious actions.Obedience is an essential attitude for the provision and continuity ofsocial order because disobedience to the orders and wishes of a personand/or people in office leads to a lot of individual, institutional andsocial adversities. The Holly Koran, the first source of Islamic lawand/or Legislation, orders people to obey a legitimate government onone hand, and enjoins the government to convince people to obey thelegitimate authority through force on the other.In the Middle-Age, too, could be seen a lot of groups orcommunities in the Turkish an Islamic states, which rebelled againstthe state by ignoring or by-passing the law.In this study, the focus is on what measures the states had takento tackle the issue of riots, what policies they followed to pacify therebellions and how they managed to make those who had the possibilityof rebelling serve in their favor against the rebellions. Hukuk insan hayatını etkileyen en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Hukuk toplumdaki düzeni sağlayan hükümleri, zorlayıcı yapısı ve insanın menfaatlerini koruyucu yönüyle barış ve g

    20. Farklı Beton Dayanımlarındaki Kolonlarda, Eksenel Yük Seviyelerine Göre Geri Sıçramalı Çekiç Verilerinin Korelasyonu İçin Deneysel Bir Öneri

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Yusuf DEMİREL

      2014-11-01

      Full Text Available Betonun basınç dayanımı, betonarme sistemin yapısal bütünlüğü açısından hayati önem taşımaktadır. Gerek inşaat aşamasında gerekse inşaat tamamlandıktan sonra, farklı yapı elemanlarındaki basınç dayanımlarının bilinmesi, kontrol ve değerlendirme yapılabilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Standartların ve yönetmeliklerin değişimiyle kontrol ve değerlendirme için beton dayanımının tespiti daha da önem kazanmıştır.Yapıya az hasar verecek şekilde, beton dayanımının bulunması önemlidir. Geri sıçramalı çekiç ile beton dayanımı tespiti ekonomik, pratik ve hasarsız olması nedeniyle çok kullanışlı bir yöntemdir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, geri sıçramalı çekiç ile karot numunesinden bulunan beton dayanımı arasında tutarsızlıklar gözlenmiştir. Geri sıçramalı çekiç okumaları herhangi bir düzeltme faktör dikkate alınmadan kullanılmaktadır. Bu da geri sıçramalı çekicin kullanımını ve güvenirliğini azaltmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, fck=14, fck=20 ve fck=24 MPa dayanımlara sahip deney elemanlarında 0.013N0-0.2N0-0.3N0-0.4N0-0.5N0-0.6N0-0.7N0 yük düzeylerinde her dört yüzeyinden en az beşer adet geri sıçramalı çekiç okuması alınmış, standart sapma analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen dayanımların, eksenel yük düzeyi ile değişimi irdelenmiştir. Eksenel yük düzeyinin de ayrı bir sapma yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Eksenel yük düzeyine göre,  geri sıçramalı çekiç verileri için rekrasyon doğrusu bulunmuştur. Geri sıçramalı çekiç ile beton dayanımın elde edilmesinde eksenel yük düzeyinin de bir düzeltme faktörü olarak dikkate alması gerektiği görülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Beton dayanımı tespiti, Geri sıçramalı çekiç, Eksenel yük düzeyi, Rekrasyon doğrusu

    1. Manisa Sultan (Mesir Camisi’nin Akustik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi / Evaluation Of Acoustic Features Of Manisa Sultan Mosque

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Fatma Yelkenci Sert

      2017-10-01

      Full Text Available Manisa, as one of the most important cities of the Ottoman Empire due to being the city of Sanjak, hosts to many monumental works built by princes who grew up in there, the members of sultanate dwelled with princes and influential people. The Sultan (Mesir Mosque, which is one of the monumental works, has a privileged position due to being a rare monumental structure that reflects the Ottoman classical period architecture features. The mosque is used for worship and seen as a focus of interest due to being a mosque which Mesir paste is scattered through the people. In the literature, it has been noted that there are some researches about the architectural properties of the building, but there is no research about the acoustic conditions of the mosque. The evaluation of the acoustical conditions of historical mosques considered as cultural heritage, identification of the interventions that affect the acoustical conditions adversely and improvement suggestions are important for these buildings to hand down the next generations. In this study, the history, architectural items, interior materials and measured acoustical conditions of the Sultan Mosque, which is identified as a working area, are determined and evaluated. [TR: Sancak şehri olmasıyla Osmanlı Devleti’nin en önemli şehirlerinden biri olan Manisa, burada yetişen şehzadelerin, onlarla birlikte kentte ikamet eden saltanat üyelerinin ve nüfuzlu kişilerin yaptırdığı birçok anıtsal esere ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu eserlerden Sultan (Mesir Camisi, Osmanlı klasik dönem mimarlığının özelliklerini yansıtan Ege Bölgesi’ndeki nadir anıtsal yapılardan biri olması nedeniyle ayrıcalıklı bir konuma sahiptir. Cami, günümüzde ibadet işlevini devam ettirmektedir ve Mesir Festivali olarak bilinen etkinlikte mesir macununun halka saçıldığı cami olmasıyla da ilgi odağı olarak görülmektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde söz konusu yapının mimari

    2. Development of new instrumentation for epithermal neutron scattering at very low angles

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Tardocchi, M.; Pietropaolo, A.; Andreani, C.; Gorini, G.; Perelli-Cippo, E.; Rhodes, N.J.; Schooneveld, E.M.; Senesi, R.

      2004-01-01

      New perspectives for epithermal neutron spectroscopy are opened up by the recent developments of Resonance Detectors (RD) for inverse geometry time-of-flight spectrometers at pulsed neutron sources. The RD is based on the combination of an analyser foil used as neutron-to-gamma converter and a suitable photon detector. Here, we report on the state of the RD which is based on a YAP scintillator viewing a natural uranium analyser foil. The response of the YAP detector to the radiative capture γ emission from the uranium analyser foil has been characterized with a bi-parametric measurement of a reference Pb sample, which allowed simultaneous measurements of both neutron time-of-flight and γ pulse height (energy) spectra. The analysis of the γ pulse height and neutron time-of-flight spectra permitted to identify the signal and background components. These measurements showed that a significant improvement in the signal-to-background ratio can be achieved by setting a lower level discrimination on the photon energy at about 600keV. The first application of RD is the Very Low Angle Detector Bank (VLAD) which is planned to be installed in the next three years as an upgrade of the VESUVIO spectrometer, at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. VLAD will extend the (q,ω) kinematical to low wave vector transfers (q10A-1) coupled to high-energy transfers (-bar ω>1eV), which is still unexplored by neutron scattering experiments. The first measurements obtained on an ice sample with a VLAD prototype consisting of four RD units are presented here

    3. Development of new instrumentation for epithermal neutron scattering at very low angles

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      Tardocchi, M. [INFM, UdR Milano-Bicocca and Dipartimento di Fisica ' G.Occhialini' , Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Pizza Della Scienza 3, Milan 20126 (Italy)]. E-mail: marco.tardocchi@mib.infn.it; Pietropaolo, A. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata and INFM, UdR Roma Tor Vergata, Rome (Italy); Andreani, C. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata and INFM, UdR Roma Tor Vergata, Rome (Italy); Gorini, G. [INFM, UdR Milano-Bicocca and Dipartimento di Fisica ' G.Occhialini' , Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Pizza Della Scienza 3, Milan 20126 (Italy); Perelli-Cippo, E. [INFM, UdR Milano-Bicocca and Dipartimento di Fisica ' G.Occhialini' , Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Pizza Della Scienza 3, Milan 20126 (Italy); Rhodes, N.J. [Isis Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot (United Kingdom); Schooneveld, E.M. [Isis Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot (United Kingdom); Senesi, R. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata and INFM, UdR Roma Tor Vergata, Rome (Italy)

      2004-12-11

      New perspectives for epithermal neutron spectroscopy are opened up by the recent developments of Resonance Detectors (RD) for inverse geometry time-of-flight spectrometers at pulsed neutron sources. The RD is based on the combination of an analyser foil used as neutron-to-gamma converter and a suitable photon detector. Here, we report on the state of the RD which is based on a YAP scintillator viewing a natural uranium analyser foil. The response of the YAP detector to the radiative capture {gamma} emission from the uranium analyser foil has been characterized with a bi-parametric measurement of a reference Pb sample, which allowed simultaneous measurements of both neutron time-of-flight and {gamma} pulse height (energy) spectra. The analysis of the {gamma} pulse height and neutron time-of-flight spectra permitted to identify the signal and background components. These measurements showed that a significant improvement in the signal-to-background ratio can be achieved by setting a lower level discrimination on the photon energy at about 600keV. The first application of RD is the Very Low Angle Detector Bank (VLAD) which is planned to be installed in the next three years as an upgrade of the VESUVIO spectrometer, at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. VLAD will extend the (q,{omega}) kinematical to low wave vector transfers (q10A-1) coupled to high-energy transfers (-bar {omega}>1eV), which is still unexplored by neutron scattering experiments. The first measurements obtained on an ice sample with a VLAD prototype consisting of four RD units are presented here.

    4. How the Pacific Islands Climate Education Partnership (PCEP) Has Collaboratively Increased Regional Collective Impacts on Climate Literacy Via Networks of Diverse Stakeholders Engaging in Multiple Reinforcing Activities

      Science.gov (United States)

      Sussman, A.

      2016-12-01

      The Pacific Islands Climate Education Partnership (PCEP) serves the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Island (USAPI) Region. The international entities served by PCEP are the state of Hawai`i (USA); three Freely Associated States (the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau), and three Territories (Guam, Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa). Funded by NSF, the PCEP aims to educate the region's students and citizens in ways that exemplify modern science and indigenous environmental knowledge, address the urgency of climate change impacts, and focus on adaptation strategies that can increase resiliency with respect to climate change impacts. PCEP partners include universities, education nonprofits, state or country offices/ministries of education, local ecological nonprofits, and a variety of community organizations. Partners contribute and share expertise in climate science, local ecological knowledge, K-12 education in the Pacific island region, science and environmental education, community college education, learning science, indigenous navigation, and oceanography. Over the past six years, PCEP has engaged with regional school systems and communities in a wide variety of ways that complement and reinforce each other. Highlighted activities include improving country and state climate science education standards; focusing on place-based local ecological knowledge and skills in working with schools and communities; developing and disseminating formal education resources such as books and web resources that focus on local contexts and skills rather than contextually inappropriate mainland the textbooks; developing and implementing professional development for teachers; and supporting local ways of knowing by gathering and sharing local stories of climate change; and promoting an emphasis on climate adaptation strategies that increase resilience of natural environments and community systems.

    5. ANKARA’DA ERKEN BİZANS DÖNEMİ MEZAR ALANI KAZISI / EARLY BYZANTINE CEMETERY EXCAVATION IN ANKARA

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Mahmut AYDIN

      2016-06-01

      Full Text Available Roma Dönemi’nde Galatia Eyaleti’nin başkentliğini yapan Ankyra kentinin anıtsal yapıları ve diğer çarpıcı kalıntıları ile olası nekropol alanları genellikle Ankara’nın Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi imar faaliyetleri sırasında gerçekleşen hafriyat çalışmaları ile açığa çıkarılmıştır. Ankara Celal Bayar Bulvarı üzerindeki Gazi Üniversitesi Sıhhiye Kampüsünde inşa edilen Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesindeki yapılaşma faaliyetleri sırasında ortaya çıkarılan Maltepe Erken Bizans Dönemi Mezar Alanı olasılıkla Ankyra kentinin daha önce bir bölümü tespit edilen güney nekropolü’nün devamı niteliğindedir. Gerçekleştirilen kurtarma kazısı sonucunda bu alanda tahrip edilmiş olası bir kilisenin küçük bir kısmı ve kilise cemaatine ait olması muhtemel beşik tonozlu bir mezar yapısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

    6. Uşak İli Buğday Ekim Alanlarında Süne, [Eurygaster spp. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae] Yumurtalarının Parazitlenme Oranları ile Buğday Tanelerindeki Emgi Oranları Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Erdal ZENGİN

      2017-06-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışma, 2015-2016 yıllarında Uşak iline bağlı 10 köydeki Süne yumurtalarının parazitlenme oranlarının ve emgili tane sayılarının belirlenmesi ile bu oranlar arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, 2015 ve 2016 yıllarındaki en yüksek Süne yumurtası parazitlenme oranı ve emgili tane sayıları sırasıyla %95.4-%1.60, %90.7-%1.05 olarak bulunmuştur. Köylerde yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen oranlara çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanarak köyler arasındaki farklılıklar belirlenmiştir.  Parazitlenme oranı ile emgili tane sayısı arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını belirlemek için her iki yıl verileri üzerinde yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda, bu iki değişken arasında doğrusal bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

    7. KÜRESELLEŞMENİN DÜNYA FİLM ENDÜSTRİSİNE ETKİSİ VE HOLLYWOOD FİLM ENDÜSTRİSİNDEKİ YENİ EĞİLİMLER

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Nalan GÖKDEMİR

      2015-01-01

      Full Text Available Küreselleşme çağımızın en çok tartışılan olgulardan bir tanesidir. Ulusal kültürlerin, ekonomilerin ve sınırların bütünleştiği, hemen hemen her alanda yeni eğilimlerin güç kazandığı günümüz dünyasında, bilgi, iletişim, biyolojik alanda endüstriyel yeni hammaddeler, yeni enerji sistemleri, üretim sistemindeki dönüşüm ve her şeyden önemlisi, teknoloji ve yenilik alanında yapılan yatırımların yönlendirdiği yeni bir yapılanma ortaya çıkmıştır. Küreselleşme olarak ifade edilen bu yeni yapılanmanın etkileri, küresel bütünün, teknolojik, kültürel, sosyolojik, ekonomik ve politik alanlarında yaygın bir şekilde yaşanmaktadır. Küreselleşme süreciyle birlikte film endüstrisi de gelişmiştir. Günümüzde de film sektörü küreselleşmenin bir aracı olarak bilinmekte ve kullanılmaktadır.

    8. SABİT ODAKLI SİLİNDİRİK P ARAB OLİK BİR YOdUNLAŞTIRlCIDA KIZGIN SU ELDE EDİLMESİ

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      FETHİ HALICI

      1999-12-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışn1ada, odağı sabit yansıtıcısı ha reketli olarak imal edilen silindirik parabolik yoğunlaştırıcıda (SPY kızgın su ve sıcak su için yapılan deney sonuçları ve pe rfoımans değerleri verilmiştir. (SPY 'nın yansıtıcı yüzeyi 2ınx3 m boyutlarında olup toplam açıklık alanı 6 ın2 dir. Odaktaki yut ucu yüzey yan yana yerleştirilen 2 kanatlı borudan imal edilmiştir. Odak uzaklığı 6 m olan (SPY kuzey güney doğrultusu nda yerleştirilerek özel yapılan bir ınekanizma ile güneşi doğu batı doğrultusunda izl emesi sağJanmıştır. (SPY' da yaklaşık 120 °C değerlerinde kız gın su elde edilmiştir. leneylerde ölçümü yapıJan sıcaklık, debi ve güneş ışınını şiddeti değerleri verilerek, sistemin performansı irdelennıiştir

    9. Pazar kurdu tüketicilerin demografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesine yönelik uygulama

      OpenAIRE

      Özgüven Tayfun, Nihan

      2015-01-01

      Son yıllarda iletişim alanı gelişmiştir. Geleneksel pazarlama iletişim araçları (gazete, dergi, tv…vs.) yerini dijital ortamda yapılan modern iletişim ortamlarına bırakmıştır. Günümüzde en etkili iletişim şekli ağızdan ağıza iletişimdir. Ağızdan ağıza iletişimin internet ortamında yapılanına ise viral pazarlama denilmektedir. Ağızdan ağıza iletişim ile kişiler ürün ve hizmetlerle ilgili deneyimlerini ve bilgilerini paylaşmaktadırlar. Pazar kurtları olarak tanımlanan kişiler pazardaki diğer ki...

    10. Origami ile Matematik Öğretimi/Teaching Mathematic With Origami

      OpenAIRE

      Polat, Seyat

      2013-01-01

      Özet Bu çalışmada; origami etkinliklerinin matematik dersinde kullanılması ile ilgili olarak, origaminin ilişkili olduğu konular, origami uygulamaları ile ilgili öğrenci görüşleri, origami yapılırken en çok zorlanılan şekiller ve origami uygulamaları sürecinde öğrenciler için görselleşen terimler incelenmiştir. Nitel olarak desenlenen çalışma ilköğretim 4 ve 5. sınıfa devam eden 17 öğrenciyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgu...

    11. Bazı Şekerlemeler ve Yapay Toz İçeceklerdeki Diazo Boyar Madde Olan Sunset Yellow FCF ile Tartrazin Miktar Tayinlerinin Voltametrik ve Spektrofotometrik Metod Karşılaştırması

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Nejat Altıniğne

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Bazı şekerlemeler ve toz içeceklere katımlı olan sunset yellow FCF ve tartrazin boyar maddelerin analizleri, voltametrik (DPP ve spektrofotometrik metotlarla yapılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Şekerlemelerde ve sentetik toz içeceklerde boyar maddenin yalnız bir tanesi bulunduğunda, doğru, hassas ve güvenli sonuçlar elde edilebilmektedir. Uygulanan her iki metodun korelasyon sayısı r= 0.995 ve tayin sınıfları 0.8 mg/ml olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma nitel ve nicel tayinlerin, spektrofotometrik metot yanında voltametri metoduyla da yapılabildiğini göstermiştir.

    12. Differential roles of tau class glutathione S-transferases in oxidative stress

      DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

      Kilili, Kimiti G; Atanassova, Neli; Vardanyan, Alla

      2004-01-01

      The plant glutathione S-transferase BI-GST has been identified as a potent inhibitor of Bax lethality in yeast, a phenotype associated with oxidative stress and disruption of mitochondrial functions. Screening of a tomato two-hybrid library for BI-GST interacting proteins identified five homologous...... Tau class GSTs, which readily form heterodimers between them and BI-GST. All six LeGSTUs were found to be able to protect yeast cells from prooxidant-induced cell death. The efficiency of each LeGSTU was prooxidant-specific, indicating a different role for each LeGSTU in the oxidative stress......-response mechanism. The prooxidant protective effect of all six proteins was suppressed in the absence of YAP1, a transcription factor that regulates hydroperoxide homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting a role for the LeGSTUs in the context of the YAP1-dependent stress-responsive machinery...

    13. Kamu Hastaneleri Birlikleri verimlilik değerlendirmesinde verimlilik karnesi uygulaması

      OpenAIRE

      Uçkun, Nurullah; Şahin, Ümit

      2016-01-01

      663 sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararname ile organizasyon ve yönetim yapısı değişen Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı hastanelerin yönetimi, Bakanlık düzeyinde yapılandırılan Türkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu (TKHK) ve bu Kuruma bağlı olarak görev yapacak il düzeyinde oluşan Genel Sekreterliklere bağlı olacak şekilde planlanmış ve Aralık 2012 itibarı ile fiili uygulamaya geçilmiştir.  TKHK bağlı Genel Sekreterlik ve Genel Sekreterliklere bağlı hastanelerin sözleşmeli olarak atanan yöneticilerinin performans ...

    14. Girişimciliğin Etik Boyutu

      OpenAIRE

      Doğan, Nilhun

      2014-01-01

      Son yıllarda yapılan girişimcilik ve etik arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik akademik araştırmalar oldukça yeni olmasına rağmen, konuya olan ilgi oldukça artmıştır. Sanayi toplumundan bilgi toplumuna geçiş ile birlikte giri- şimciliğin önemi artmıştır. Ancak, araştırmacılar tarafından girişimciliğin daha çok sosyo-ekonomik yönü üzerinde durulmuş ve girişimciliğin etiksel boyutuna daha az dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu bakımdan girişimciliğin etiksel boyutu çalışmada inceleme konusu yapılmıştır....

    15. Investigations on the aquatic Coleoptera (Classis: Insecta fauna of some mountain lakes in the eastern Black Sea range (Turkey.

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Esat Tarık Topkara

      2015-12-01

      Full Text Available Doğu Karadeniz dağ silsilesindeki bazı dağ göllerinin sucul Coleoptera (Classis: Insecta faunası üzerine araştırmalar. Doğu Karadeniz (Türkiye dağ silsilesindeki yüksek dağ göllerinin sucul Coleoptera faunasını belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu araştırma, 2005-2007 yıllarında Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında 22 gölde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklemeler göllerin littoral bölgesinde ve el kepçeleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Toplanan örneklerin taksonomik açıdan incelenmesiyle, 4 familyaya ait 21 takson (Dytiscidae 11, Helophoridae 7, Hydraenidae 2, Elmidae 1 tespit edilmiştir

    16. KAYACIK YERLEŞİMİNİN (GÖRDES-MANİSA) POTANSİYEL DEĞERLERİ ve GELECEĞİ ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER

      OpenAIRE

      AKYÜZ LEVİ, Eti; BAYRAM, Göze

      2016-01-01

      Ege Bölgesi’nde doğal ve tarihi güzelliklerin bütünleştiği çarpıcı yerleşimlerden biri, Manisa’nın Gördes ilçesine bağlı Kayacık beldesidir. Çalışmada, yerleşimin potansiyel değerlerinin korunup geliştirilmesi ve geleceğe aktarılması için yapılabilecekler irdelenmektedir. Kayacık beldesinde; doğal güzellikler, arkeolojik eserler ve alanlar, tarihsel geçmiş, geleneksel konutlar ve sokak dokusu, çok kültürlü yapı, geleneksel yaşam, yörük kültürü, karakteristik el sanatları, sportif uğraşlara uy...

    17. HOME AUTOMATION FOR DISABILITIES USING KINECT TECHNOLOGY

      OpenAIRE

      SÜZEN, Ahmet Ali; TAŞDELEN, Kubilay

      2013-01-01

      Günümüzde, bireylerin yaşam tarzlarını doğrudan etkileyen ev otomasyon sistemleri tasarlanmaktadır. Akıllı ev alanında yapılan çalışmalar, bireyin ihtiyaçlarını kolay bir şekilde karşılamayı amaçlamaktadır. Yapılan akıllı ev modelleri sadece sağlıklı bir bireyin ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermektedir. Fakat engelli, hasta ve yaşlı bireyler için bu uygulamalar yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada, Kinect teknolojisi kullanılarak engelli bireylerin evde yalnız kaldıkları sürece, günlük hayatlarını daha güvenli v...

    18. GENÇ PARTİ'Yİ ANLAMAK (Parti, Lider ve Kitle Üzerine Bir Çalısma)

      OpenAIRE

      TÜRK, Hasan Bahadır

      2007-01-01

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