Oskar-2005 : snova bez Rossii / Maria Tsheskis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tsheskis, Maria

2005-01-01

Intriigidest Venemaa kinoladvikus, mille tulemusena saadetakse Venemaalt Oscarit "püüdma" erapoolikult valitud sugugi mitte parim film. Ka selle aastasest Oscari-gala juhi Chris Rock'i solvavast käitumisest ürituse eel

JeS zhdjot ot Rossii podtverzhdenija / Marko Saaret

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saaret, Marko

2004-01-01

Euroopa Komisjoni president Romano Prodi, välisasjade komissar Chris Patten ja kaubandusvolinik Pascal Lamy alustavad visiiti Moskvasse. Venemaalt oodatakse lõplikku kinnitust kirjutamaks alla partnerluse ja koostöö lepingu laienemisele uute EL-i riikidega enne 1. maid

Rotshild vernul Rossii dotsh Pavla I / Anna Selivanova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Selivanova, Anna

2003-01-01

Vene Muuseumi poolt 1941. a. koostatud rändnäituse "Vene maalikunsti arengu põhietapid" saatusest. Fjodor Bognevski "Suurvürstinna Aleksandra Pavlovna portree" ja Orest Kiprenski "Pjotr Basini portree" tagasisaamislood

Analitik postavil ekonomike Rossii diagnoz : bolna / Ksenia Repson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Repson, Ksenia

2006-01-01

Hansapanga ja Eesti Päevalehe Ärilehe poolt korraldatud Venemaa-teemalisel ettevõtlusseminaril esinenud president Vladimir Putini endise majandusnõuniku, Venemaa Majandusanalüüsi Instituudi direktori Andrei Illarionovi sõnul on Venemaal praegu valitsevad riigikapitalism ja bürokraaatlik diktatuur ning riigi välispoliitikat iseloomustab energeetilistel ressurssidel põhinev agressioon. Lisa: Andrei Illiaronov. Vt. samas: Venemaa turg on suur

New power plant units in Russia; Neue Kraftwerksbloecke fuer Russland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bauer, Horst; Kraemer, Ralph [TETRA ENERGIE GmbH, Berlin (Germany); Bull, Thomas; Sperling, Dietmar [EON Russian Power (Russian Federation)

2008-07-01

In the context of the privatisation of the Russian electricity industry, the power stations were liberated from the power supply company RAO EES ROSSII. Six power station combinations and ten power station federations were created. In order to ensure a fair competition between the power station combinations, special attention was given to a comparable priority with respect to age, fuel fundamentals and efficiency. This principle resulted in a technical differentiation and in a territorially scattered situation of the individual power stations. The individual power stations are described in the contribution under consideration.

The growth and survival of plants in urban green roofs in a dry climate.

Science.gov (United States)

Razzaghmanesh, M; Beecham, S; Kazemi, F

2014-04-01

Green roofs as one of the components of water-sensitive urban design have become widely used in recent years. This paper describes performance monitoring of four prototype-scale experimental green roofs in a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, undertaken over a 1-year period. Four species of indigenous Australian ground cover and grass species comprising Carpobrotus rossii, Lomandra longifolia 'Tanika,' Dianella caerula 'Breeze' and Myoporum parvifolium were planted in extensive and intensive green roof configurations using two different growing media. The first medium consisted of crushed brick, scoria, coir fibre and composted organics while the second comprised scoria, composted pine bark and hydro-cell flakes. Plant growth indices including vertical and horizontal growth rate, leaf succulence, shoot and root biomasses, water use efficiency and irrigation regimes were studied during a 12-month period. The results showed that the succulent species, C. rossii, can best tolerate the hot, dry summer conditions of South Australia, and this species showed a 100% survival rate and had the maximum horizontal growth rate, leaf succulence, shoot biomass and water use efficiency. All of the plants in the intensive green roofs with the crushed brick mix media survived during the term of this study. It was shown that stormwater can be used as a source of irrigation water for green roofs during 8 months of the year in Adelaide. However, supplementary irrigation is required for some of the plants over a full annual cycle. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Economical, political and social aspects of atomic energy in Bulgaria; Dvadtsat` let atomnoj ehnergetiki Respubliki Bolgarii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shervashidze, N

1996-12-31

The future of atomic energy in Bulgaria is discussed in terms of the challenge to make correct political and economical decisions. The building of a second nuclear power plant at Belene should be considered taking into account the time needed for project realisation and the adherence to standards. The political aspects are connected closely to the financial crediting and to marketing research for electricity export. It is stressed that the development of atomic energy is closely related to the national stability and economical independence.

Liberalnõi imperializm, ili Missija Rossii v XXI veke

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Venemaa valmistub parlamendi- ja presidendivalimisteks. Tuntud poliitik Anatoli Tshubais esines hiljuti Peterburis, põhiteemaks Venemaa ajalooline missioon XXI sajandil, poliitiline know-how - liberaalne imperialism

Potshemu Estonija stala kozlom otpushtshenija dlja Rossii? / Jevgenija Garanzha

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Garanža, Jevgenija, 1979-

2007-01-01

Eesti-Vene suhete arengust viimasel kümnendil, Venemaa tundmisest ning oma huvide kaitsmisest. Autori arvates ei ole hädavajalik, et kahe riigi suhted oleksid head, piisab, kui need oleksid mõistlikud

Operating Experience with Indian Point Nuclear Electric Generating Station; Experience d'exploitation de la centrale nucleaire d'Indian point; Opyt ehkspluatatsii Indian-pojntskoj yadernoj ehlektrostantsii; Experiencia adquirida con la explotacion de la central nucleoelectrica de Indian point

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beattie, W. C.; Freyberg, R. H. [Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc., New York, NY (United States)

1963-10-15

potencia, hasta 5 MW(t), a la temperatura ambiente y a temperaturas elevadas, y el 16 de septiembre de ese ano el turbogenerador se conecto por primera vez a la red de la Consolidated Edison. Hasta entrado el mes de noviembre, prosiguieron los ensayos a potencias de hasta 50% del valor teorico, con frecuentes detenciones automaticas, originadas en gran parte por perturbaciones en la seccion ''clasica'' de la central. En cuanto a la seccion nuclear, fueron sobre todo las fallas del mecanismo de mando de las barras de control que contribuyeron a la caida automatica de las barras y a las demoras en la reiniciacion de la marcha despues del paro. El 14 de noviembre de 1962 se detuvo la marcha de la central para proceder a los cambios previstos en las tuberias de la seccion ''clasica'' y para modificar y perfeccionar el mecanismo de mando de las barras de control. Esta ultima operacion comprendia la instalacion de un dispositivo de purga a base de nitrogeno seco para las cajas de los mecanismos de las barras de control, a fin de reducir al minimo los efectos de los escapes de agua, a traves de las juntas. Al parecer, dichas perdidas eran la causa principal de las indicaciones erroneas registradas en el sistema de control del reactor. La central se volvio a poner en servicio el lc de enero de 1963. El 27 de enero de 1963, se dio fin a los ensayos del reactor, con potencias hasta el 100%, en condiciones de carga constante. Los resultados de los ensayos concordaron satisfactoriamente con las previsiones. En la primavera de 1963 se continuaran las pruebas, para estudiar la manera en que el reactor responde a fluctuaciones rapidas de la demanda. (author) [Russian] Blok No. 1 Indian-pojntskoj yadernoj ehlektrostantsii sostoit iz reaktora s vodoj pod davleniem moshchnost'yu 585 mgvt, chetyrekh pervichnykh konturov okhlazhdeniya s gorizontal'nymi teploobmennikami, dvukh rabotayushchikh ka nefti paroperegrevatelej proizvoditel'nost'yu 1 100 tys. funtov/chas i turbogeneratora moshchnost

Social'noe sodejstvie: Kaliningradskaja oblast' i regiony osnovnoj chasti Rossii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Toropov P.

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The authors look at the concept of social facilitation as a possible component of Russian social consolidation in the course of social reforms. The article focuses on the results of an empirical study of the levels and characteristics of competence in social facilitation, which is here understood as the ability to apply certain knowledge and systems of skills and as a success rate of actions based on experience in improving the conditions of social development. The study was conducted in the Kaliningrad region in 2012—2013. The data was obtained through a survey of 400 respondents using the authors’ methodology encompassing eight basic elements of competence and a structured interview aimed at a better understanding of the subject of the study and attitudes towards it. The data is compared against the results of a similar study in two regions of central Russia with similar conditions. The results suggest a disharmonic and inconsistent structure of competence in social facilitation, low motivation for social activity in youth, and a narrow range of ideas about possible areas of personal activities in the current conditions. Gender differences are identified in the level and structure of competence. The authors believe that certain differences in competence components identified through mathematical methods are determined by the geographical characteristics of the Kaliningrad region — its exclave nature, a relatively small territory, and proximity to the EU countries. It is stressed that the regional conditions affecting motivation, forms and areas of activities, and structure of experience should be taken into account in selecting means and methods of organising youth activities. They can also serve as a basis for the regional youth policy.

Na 300-letije prissojedinenija Estljandii i Lifljandii k Rossii / Mihhail Petrov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Petrov, Mihhail

2008-01-01

Euroopa vene ühenduste kaasesimees kirjutab Eestimaa Venemaaga ühendamise 300. aastapäeva tähistamisest 2010. aastal, kritiseerides Marko Mihkelsoni ja Andrei Zarenkovi mõtteavaldusi samal teemal

XVI International symposium on nuclear electronics and VI International school on automation and computing in nuclear physics and astrophysics; XVI Mezhdunarodnyj simpozium po yadernoj ehlektronike i VI Mezhdunarodnaya shkola po avtomatizatsii issledovanij v yadernoj fizike i astrofizike

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Churin, I N [ed.

1996-12-31

Reports and papers of the 16- International Symposium on nuclear electronics and the 6- International school on automation and computing in nuclear physics and astrophysics are presented. The latest achievements in the field of development of fact - response electronic circuits designed for detecting and spectrometric facilities are studied. The peculiar attention is paid to the systems for acquisition, processing and storage of experimental data. The modern equipment designed for data communication in the computer networks is studied.

Ogranichitel'nye mery ES v otnoshenii Rossii: pravovaja priroda i problema implementacii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Voinikov V.

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The author proposes his take on the EU sanctions against Russia. He aims to understand the legal nature of the EU restrictions, the exact procedure of their implementation, revision, and repeal, as well as their judicial review. To this end, he proposes a system of sanction classification, analyses current EU legislation on the imposition and implementation of sanctions, as well as the case law on the sanction policy. The author also examines EU sanctions imposed on other countries and compares them to the Russian ones. He thus comes up with the following classification of sanctions against Russia: individual sanctions, those targeted at Crimea and Sevastopol, and anti-Russian economic sanctions. He concludes that the EU sanctions against Russia are inconsistent with the legal nature of restrictive measures, since they are a punishment rather than a policy tool. The author believes that in the current political conditions it may be difficult for the European Union to reach a unanimous agreement to repeal or prolong the sanctions. This article is inspired by the discussions that took place during the international conference “Russia and the EU: the Question of Trust” held in Luxembourg on November, 28—29 (2014.

Anatomía de seis especies de helechos del género Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victoria Hernández

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la anatomía del rizoma y hoja de especies mexicanas de Dryopteris Adans. y se comparó con la información disponible para Dryopteridaceae y otras familias de helechos en busca de caracteres anatómicos con valor diagnóstico. La anatomía de rizoma, pecíolo y lámina es similar en las especies del complejo Dryopteris patula. Las células con pared engrosada, no lignificada y en forma de casquete o de "U" presentes alrededor de las meristelas corresponden a colénquima, a diferencia de lo informado para otras familias de helechos. Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng. Hyl. se distingue anatómicamente de las otras especies estudiadas por presentar un mayor número de capas de esclerénquima y de meristelas en el pecíolo, además de carecer de nidos de esclereidas en el rizoma. Dryopteris rossii y D. maxonii se caracterizan por la presencia de cristales en la periferia de los nidos en el rizoma. Las glándulas en la lámina están ausentes en D. maxonii y D. wallichianaAnatomy of six species of Dryopteris ferns (Dryopteridaceae from Mexico. Rhizome and foliar anatomy of the Mexican Dryopteris Adans. species were studied and compared with other Dryopteridaceae and other fern families to identify anatomical features with diagnostic value. The anatomy of rhizome, stipe, and blade is similar in species of the Dryopteris patula complex. The cells with un-lignified, thickened wall, with cap or U-shape around the meristeles belong to the collenchyma, in contrast with other fern families. Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng. Hyl. is anatomically distinguished from the other studied species by having more layers of sclerenchyma and meristeles on the stipe, and by the lack of sclereid nests on the rhizome. Dryopteris rossii C. Chr. and D. maxonii Underw. & C. Chr. are characterized by the presence of crystals on the periphery of rhizome nests. D. maxonni and D. wallichiana lack blade glands. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (4: 1157-1169. Epub 2006 Dec. 15

Aleksandr Gol’ts, Armiia Rossii: 11 poteriannykh let, Moscow: Zakharov, 2004, 224 pp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard F. Staar

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Specialist of military questions, Aleksandr Gol’ts worked for Red Star (Krasnaia Zvezda, the newspaper of the Russian Ministry of Defense, before joining various prestigious magazines such as Itogi. He is considered one of the most prominent journalist on military matters in Russia today. His book, “The Russian Army : 11 lost years”, is dedicated to military reforms in post-Soviet Russia. With his extensive knowledge of institutional realities of the military establishment, Gol’ts provides a...

Pervõi zamestitel polnomotsh̜ogo predstavitelja prezidenta Rossii v Severo-Zapadnom federalnom okruge Ljubov Sovershajeva : "Estonii sledujet obratit vinimanije na severo-zapad Rossii, a severo-zapadu - na Estoniju" / Eteri Kekelidze

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kekelidze, Eteri, 1944-

2002-01-01

Eesti ja Venemaa Loode regiooni majandussuhete võimalikkusest. Kommenteerib Ljubov Sovershajeva, Venemaa presidendi esindaja riigi Loode regioonis, kes võttis osa seminarist "Venemaa ja NATO : uus ajastu eesti-vene suhetes"

AES in deficit on Georgian trade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

TREND

2003-01-01

According to Vedomosti journal Russian state energy company RAO JES Rossii paid for Georgian assets acquisition to American company AES only 23 million USD, what is less than a tenth of sum which AES had originally paid for it. Thus total transaction value including debts reached 80 millions USD. But internal documents of American AES confirm that Americans paid 260 millions USD for Georgian assets and they took besides over 60 millions USD of obligations. Russians bought Georgian AES assets through Finnish filial Nordic Oy. Thus they obtained 75 per cent share in Telasi company which operates distributive network in Tbilisi, two blocks of plant in Tbilisi and half share in AES-Transenergy company which exports electric energy from Georgia to Turkey. RAO JES besides got managerial laws on Hramesi company which owns two water plants. Russian company controls one fifth of production and 35 per cent of electric energy sale in Georgia by these assets

Nuclear power in Russia: Current status and prospective; Atomnaya ehnergetika Rossii: sostoyanie i perspektivy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuznetsov, A K [Minatom, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1997-12-31

The presentation describes the following issues: mane factors determining the situation with power in Russian Federation; prospects of nuclear power in Russian Federation; modern demands on NPP safety in Russia.

Dinamika i perspektivy torgovo-jekonomicheskogo i investicionnogo sotrudnichestva Rossii i Jestonii v uslovijah krizisa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nevskaya A.

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the development in Russian-Estonian relations during the crises of 2007 and 2014, taking into consideration the balance between political and economic factors in the decision-making by Estonian government. A number of special aspects, trends and problems in trade and investment ties are detected. The aim of the study is to uncover key motivation behind the actions of both Russia and Estonia, to identify the drivers for economic and political development in the region, and to work out recommendations to adjust them. The questions put forward by the authors of this article could not be more topical at the time, when Russian economic situation is obviously getting worse and capital flight (to the neighboring EU Member States is likely to increase. The method of the study is comparative analysis of the impact on economic ties made by Russian-Estonian crisis of 2007 and the current international tension around Ukraine. The regional fossil fuel market and the possibilities of Gazprom involvement in its development are also analyzed. It is concluded that political motives are still important for Estonian decisionmaking, though they are balanced out by measures of business support (despite some of these measures being taken by the EU bodies. The role of political factor for the Russian side is increasing. It is acknowledged that there is a growing number of missed economic opportunities in the Russian Northwest.

Ob istoricheskom kontekste innovacionnogo razvitija Rossii [On the historical context of innovative development in Russia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krivosheev Vladimir

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The present analysis is based on the institutional model of research on social processes. Thus, the idea of possible modernisation of Russian society rests on the consideration of the current situation in the field of economics, management, and science. On the basis of a secondary analysis of statistical data and the works of Russian and international sociologists, this article describes the fundamental conceptual framework of the modernisation of Russian society. In particular, it focuses on the criticism of the modernisation project initiated by the forces that present themselves as conservative. The author also mentions significant problems arising during the modernisation of Russian society; these problems are rooted in both objective conditions of the on-going process and subjective factors. The article addresses the emergence and development of the modernisation idea in Russia. The relevance of this work lies in theidentification of the features of the transition of Russian society into a new phase, which reflects the trends of global innovative processes.

Severo-Zapad Rossii v kontekste obshheevropejskoj integracii [North-West Russia in the context of European integration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kochegarova Tamara

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Integration is one of the main consequences of globalization. Elements of microsystems are growing closer, which brings to the foreground problems of interaction and — in a longer perspective — those of close cooperation between different social systems. The article considers the case of North-West Russia, the only territory having a common border with the EU, in order to examine the issue of Russia using the geographical factor, which Otto von Bismarck called the most powerful and intrinsic factor in history. The significance of this factor increased after the Cold War. It was then when the independent Baltic States became a platform for emergence and recognition of the Baltic Sea region. The author focuses on the social and cultural integrity of the region and considers the traditional Nordic countries and the Baltic Sea states as interrelated components of a single region, different from other European regions in terms of economic interests, as well as its natural and sociocultural landscape.

Avian cholera in waterfowl: the role of lesser snow and Ross's geese as carriers of avian cholera in the Playa Lakes region

Science.gov (United States)

Samuel, M.D.; Shadduck, D.J.; Goldberg, Diana R.; Johnson, W.P.

2005-01-01

We collected samples from apparently healthy geese in the Playa Lakes Region (USA) during the winters of 2000a??01 and 2001a??02 to determine whether carriers of Pasteurella multocida, the bacterium that causes avian cholera, were present in wild populations. With the use of methods developed in laboratory challenge trials (Samuel et al., 2003a) and a serotype-specific polymerase chain reaction method for identification of P. multocida serotype 1, we found that a small proportion of 322 wild birds (cholera infection. Our results confirm the hypothesis that wild waterfowl are carriers of avian cholera and add support for the hypothesis that wild birds are a reservoir for this disease. In concert with other research, this work indicates that enzootic infection with avian cholera occurs in lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) populations throughout their annual cycle. Although fewer Rossa??s geese (Chen rossii) were sampled, we also found these birds were carriers of P. multocida. Even in the absence of disease outbreaks, serologic evidence indicates that chronic disease transmission and recent infection are apparently occurring year-round in these highly gregarious birds and that a small portion of these populations are potential carriers with active infection.

Ecological and physiological factors affecting brood patch area and prolactin levels in arctic-nesting geese

Science.gov (United States)

Jonsson, J.E.; Afton, A.D.; Alisauskas, R.T.; Bluhm, C.K.; El Halawani, M.E.

2006-01-01

We investigated effects of ecological and physiological factors on brood patch area and prolactin levels in free-ranging Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter “Snow Geese”) and Ross's Geese (C. rossii). On the basis of the body-size hypothesis, we predicted that the relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition would be stronger in Ross's Geese than in the larger Snow Geese. We found that brood patch area was positively related to clutch volume and inversely related to prolactin levels in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Nest size, nest habitat, and first egg date did not affect brood patch area in either species. Prolactin levels increased as incubation progressed in female Snow Geese, but this relationship was not significant in Ross's Geese. Prolactin levels and body condition (as indexed by size-adjusted body mass) were inversely related in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Our findings are consistent with the prediction that relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition are relatively stronger in Ross's Geese, because they mobilize endogenous reserves at faster rates than Snow Geese.

Lutshije muzhtshinõ-aktjorõ - v Rossii. A lutsheje kino - v Rumõnii / Maria Davtjan, Tatjana Pinskaja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Davtjan, Maria

2007-01-01

60-nda Cannes'i filmifestivali auhindadest : Kuldse Palmioksa saanud Christian Mungiu "4 kuud, 3 nädalat ja 2 päeva" (Rumeenia), Konstantin Lavronenko parima näitleja auhind Andrei Zvjagintsevi filmis "Pagendus" (Izgnanije") jt

Nord i South Stream : tvjordõi shag v napravlenii JevRossii / Virkko Lepassalu, Konstantin Morenko, Jekaterina Rodina

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lepassalu, Virkko, 1971-

2007-01-01

Autorid analüüsivad Venemaa ja Euroopa vahelise gaasijuhtmega seonduvaid poliitilisi, majanduslikke ja ökoloogilisi probleeme, nende mõju Eestile. Nad jõuavad järeldusele, et kui tegu on suure poliitikaga, pole põhjust rääkida selle räpasusest või puhtusest

Use of semiconductors in lieu of emulsions in nuclear spectroscopy; Utilisation de semi-conducteurs a la place d'emulsions en spectroscopie nucleaire; Primenenie poluprovodnikov vmesto ehmul'sij v yadernoj spektroskopii; Sustitucion de las emulsiones por semiconductores en espectroscopia nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bilaniuk, O M; Marsh, B B [University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)

1962-04-15

corrientes de salida excitan un convertidor de tiempo en amplitud de impulso 6BN6. El amplificador de parada contiene un retardo fijo de 2,5 {mu}s que garantiza que el impulso de parada siempre llegue al convertidor despues que el impulso de puesta en marcha. La amplitud del impulso que sale del convertidor 6BN6 es proporcional al intervalo de tiempo entre los impulsos de puesta en marcha y de parada, de modo que las senales que se producen en los diversos contadores del mosaico quedan identificadas por la amplitud del impulso que generan. Los grupos de cuentas resultantes se hacen visibles en la pantalla de un analizador de amplitudes de impulso de 400 canales, se imprimen, y se registran graficamente en un sistema de coordenadas ortogonales. Los grupos quedan enteramente resueltos, asi que la identificacion es completa. El circuito de identificacion es capaz de admitir un impulso cada 8 {mu}s, por lo que la limitacion de velocidad de contaje no se debe a el, sino al analizador de 400 canales. Los autores han encontrado que el sistema de identificacion funciona satisfactoriamente en presencia del campo magnetico y estando el ciclotron en plena marcha. Describen todos los circuitos del sistema de identificacion y presentan ejemplos de datos nucleares obtenidos con este dispositivo. (author) [Russian] Dvadtsat' poverkhnostno-bar'ernykh schetchikov, poluchennykh putem pokrytiya germaniya tipa ''n'' tonkim sloem zolota (nakhodyashchegosya v gazoobraznom sostoyanii), ili schetchiki s ploskostnym perekhodom, poluchaemye posredstvom diffuzii fosfora v kremnij tipa ,''p'', pomeshchayutsya v zerkal'nuyu ploskost' magnitnogo spektrometra s vysokoj razreshayushchej sposobnost'yu vmesto yadernoj ehmul'sionnoj plastiny. S tsel'yu izbezhat' primeneniya otdel'nykh usilitelej i registrov dlya kazhdogo kristalla vykhody otdel'nykh schetchikov soedinyayutsya v sosredotochennuyu liniyu zaderzhki, zamenyaya chereduyushchiesya kondensatory linij. Kogda ioniziruyushchaya chastitsa udaryaetsya o

Report on the survey in fiscal 1998. Survey on CO{sub 2} reduction at coal fired thermal power plants in Russia; 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Roshia sekitan karyoku hatsudensho CO{sub 2} sakugen chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Russia was selected as a candidate for the joint project implementation based on COP3, and coal fired thermal power plants in the country were surveyed. From among power plants having generation capacity of 200 GW, 600 thermal power plants account for 70%. Two-third of them are using natural gas as fuel, with the remaining plants using coal, which are noticeably overaged, having facility renewal as a pressing problem. Therefore, they can be the good targets for reducing carbon dioxide emission by modernizing the facilities. Promising projects with large cost effect of CO2 reduction were extracted in the Far Eastern and Siberian regions, where weight of coal fired thermal power plants is high. These projects include five plants including Amursk No. 1 and Kabarovsk No. 1 in the Far Eastern region, and five plants including Irkutsk Nos. 6, 10 and 11 in the Siberian region. From among 48 projects proposed to Japan by RAOEES 'ROSSII' in 1998, nine projects were surveyed individually as the objects of case study. Based on the survey and the consultation with the counterpart, draft proposals were prepared for each power plant, and CO2 reduction effect was evaluated. The Dogobuzh, Cherpet and Troitsk power plants were identified as having a promising potential. (NEDO)

Safety culture in an RBMK perspective; Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya sistemy povysheniya kul`tury bezopasnosti AEhS Rossii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Porokhin, V G [Rosenergoatom, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1997-12-31

The presentation discusses the following issues: state and perspectives of the development of the system on Russia NPP safety culture enhancement; steps of Rosehnergoatom on development of system on Russia NPP Russia NPP safety culture enhancement, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the safety culture, the nearest perspectives on safety culture enhancement in Russia.

THE CONCEPT OF MARKET in Russian media, and the question of modernization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katja Lehtisaari

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The word “market” is at the core of the process of modernization in Russia, especially in regard to the economic aspects of modernization. This article analyzes the usage of the word “market” (rynok in Russian in the metropolitan and provincial press in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia from 1990 to 2010. “Market” has been a keyword — in the dictionary sense of a word, expression, or concept of particular importance or significance — in the Russian press over the past twenty years: this is evident in its frequency and in the range of contexts in which it is used. In this article, I analyze the relationship of language and society by studying the usage of the word “market” (rynok in the late Soviet and post-Soviet Russian press since 1990. I examine how the word takes on new meanings, and how its changing usage is related to the changing social and political roles of print media in a modernizing environment. The material studied consists of newspaper and magazine texts collected by a search of the Integrum database. The examples are taken from ten selected publications: the nationally distributed magazines Vokrug sveta, Ogonek, Kommersant-Weekly, and Kommersant Dengi; the nationally distributed newspapers Nezavisimaia gazeta, Rossii- skaia gazeta, and Vedomosti; and the regional newspapers Delovoi Peterburg, Nizhegor-odskie novosti, and Cheliabinskii rabochii

Problemy i perspektivy bezvizovogo dialoga Rossii i ES [Problems and prospects of EU — Russia dialogue on visa-free travel

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Voinikov Vadim

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the issues pertinent to the EU-Russia visa dialogue — one of the major areas of cooperation between the two partners. The article aims to identify the main problems of this dialogue, as well as prospects for the introduction of a visa-free regime between the EU and Russia. The authors provide a historical overview of cooperation in this area and consider problems and prospects of visa liberalization from the economic, legal, and political perspectives. The analysis draws on primary sources such as the EU and Russia’s legislation, EU-Russia agreements on visa facilitation and readmission, visa statistics, expert interviews, as well as analytical reports and research works on the topic. Particular attention is paid to the “Common steps towards visa-free short-term travel of the citizens of the EU and Russia”, which is currently the main document in the visa dialogue. Having assessed the implementation of the provisions contained in the four blocks of the “Common Steps”, the authors draw conclusions about the political nature of major obstacles to a visa-free regime. This article is based on the proceedings of the “Russia and European Union: the dynamics of interrelations” international conference organized by the EU center of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University (the EU4U project.

Factors influencing reporting and harvest probabilities in North American geese

Science.gov (United States)

Zimmerman, G.S.; Moser, T.J.; Kendall, W.L.; Doherty, P.F.; White, Gary C.; Caswell, D.F.

2009-01-01

We assessed variation in reporting probabilities of standard bands among species, populations, harvest locations, and size classes of North American geese to enable estimation of unbiased harvest probabilities. We included reward (US10,20,30,50, or100) and control (0) banded geese from 16 recognized goose populations of 4 species: Canada (Branta canadensis), cackling (B. hutchinsii), Ross's (Chen rossii), and snow geese (C. caerulescens). We incorporated spatially explicit direct recoveries and live recaptures into a multinomial model to estimate reporting, harvest, and band-retention probabilities. We compared various models for estimating harvest probabilities at country (United States vs. Canada), flyway (5 administrative regions), and harvest area (i.e., flyways divided into northern and southern sections) scales. Mean reporting probability of standard bands was 0.73 (95 CI 0.690.77). Point estimates of reporting probabilities for goose populations or spatial units varied from 0.52 to 0.93, but confidence intervals for individual estimates overlapped and model selection indicated that models with species, population, or spatial effects were less parsimonious than those without these effects. Our estimates were similar to recently reported estimates for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We provide current harvest probability estimates for these populations using our direct measures of reporting probability, improving the accuracy of previous estimates obtained from recovery probabilities alone. Goose managers and researchers throughout North America can use our reporting probabilities to correct recovery probabilities estimated from standard banding operations for deriving spatially explicit harvest probabilities.

Evidence of Territoriality and Species Interactions from Spatial Point-Pattern Analyses of Subarctic-Nesting Geese

Science.gov (United States)

Reiter, Matthew E.; Andersen, David E.

2013-01-01

Quantifying spatial patterns of bird nests and nest fate provides insights into processes influencing a species’ distribution. At Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, recent declines in breeding Eastern Prairie Population Canada geese (Branta canadensis interior) has coincided with increasing populations of nesting lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross’s geese (Chen rossii). We conducted a spatial analysis of point patterns using Canada goose nest locations and nest fate, and lesser snow goose nest locations at two study areas in northern Manitoba with different densities and temporal durations of sympatric nesting Canada and lesser snow geese. Specifically, we assessed (1) whether Canada geese exhibited territoriality and at what scale and nest density; and (2) whether spatial patterns of Canada goose nest fate were associated with the density of nesting lesser snow geese as predicted by the protective-association hypothesis. Between 2001 and 2007, our data suggest that Canada geese were territorial at the scale of nearest neighbors, but were aggregated when considering overall density of conspecifics at slightly broader spatial scales. The spatial distribution of nest fates indicated that lesser snow goose nest proximity and density likely influence Canada goose nest fate. Our analyses of spatial point patterns suggested that continued changes in the distribution and abundance of breeding lesser snow geese on the Hudson Bay Lowlands may have impacts on the reproductive performance of Canada geese, and subsequently the spatial distribution of Canada goose nests. PMID:24312520

On the problem of radiation hazard of fuel-containing materials in conversion of object <>; O probleme yadernoj opasnosti toplivosoderzhashchikh materialov pri preobrazovanii ob`ekta << Ukrytie >>.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Badovskij, V P; Dubar, L V; Shevchenko, S V [Myizhgaluzevij Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr ` ` Ukrittya ` ` , Natsyional` na Akademyiya Nauk Ukrayini, Chornobil` (Ukraine)

1994-12-31

A problem of radiation hazard of fuel-containing materials (FCM) in object << Shelter >> is discussed. A conservative approach is applied. The approach was developed with allowance for a conservative estimation of fuel distribution in FCM and errors of the FCM hazard measurements. A version of 4PB accident development is proposed. According to this version there is considerable part of fuel in 305/2 room which forms FCM with average fuel concentration in this room over 25%.

Innovacionnye aspekty razvitija rybopromyslovogo flota jeksklavnogo regiona Rossii [The innovative aspects of the fishing fleet development in the Russian exclave region

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Ivchenko Vladislav

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Our country has set a course for the economy modernisation on the basis of innovative development. In the post-war period until 1991, the exclave of Russia — the Kaliningrad region — showed high rates of socioeconomic development due to the establishment of a large-scale sea fishing industry. Such success rested on research and innovative activity. This article analyses the successful innovative development of the fishing fleet in the historical perspective: new vessels, the development of new equipment, introduction of innovative forms of fishing organisation. The authors offer data on the efficiency of such innovative initiatives. This historical experience is of great importance given the revival of industrial fishing in the Kaliningrad region.

Nekotorye voprosy realizacii jenergeticheskoj politiki Rossii v Baltijskom regione: geojekonomicheskij podhod [Russia’s energy policy in the Baltic region: a geoeconomic approach

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Lachininsky Stanislav

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This article analyses certain issues of implementation of Russian energy policy in the Baltic region fr om the geoeconomic perspective. The purpose of the study is to explain Russian energy policy in the region as dependent solely on the import capacity of its partners. Russian energy policy is viewed as one of the most important activities of the state and its business structures. As such it aims to achieve both general economic goals (generation of profit, market domination and more specific geoeconomic tasks. At the same time, the policy follows the traditional rules of consumer/producer market game. Russian energy resources are delivered to an energy deficient region, wh ere the demand and need for them is stable. The study is based on the author’s geoeconomic methodology, which extensively uses geographical and general scientific methods. This work aims to develop a geoeconomic paradigm in the framework of social geography. It will be of interest to anyone who aims to analyse the true motives behind Russian current energy policy.

Competitive Traits Are More Important than Stress-Tolerance Traits in a Cadmium-Contaminated Rhizosphere: A Role for Trait Theory in Microbial Ecology.

Science.gov (United States)

Wood, Jennifer L; Tang, Caixian; Franks, Ashley E

2018-01-01

Understanding how biotic and abiotic factors govern the assembly of rhizosphere-microbial communities is a long-standing goal in microbial ecology. In phytoremediation research, where plants are used to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils, a deeper understanding of rhizosphere-microbial ecology is needed to fully exploit the potential of microbial-assisted phytoremediation. This study investigated whether Grime's competitor/stress-tolerator/ruderal (CSR) theory could be used to describe the impact of cadmium (Cd) and the presence of a Cd-accumulating plant, Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes, on the assembly of soil-bacterial communities using Illumina 16S rRNA profiling and the predictive metagenomic-profiling program, PICRUSt. Using predictions based on CSR theory, we hypothesized that Cd and the presence of a rhizosphere would affect community assembly. We predicted that the additional resource availability in the rhizosphere would enrich for competitive life strategists, while the presence of Cd would select for stress-tolerators. Traits identified as competitive followed CSR predictions, discriminating between rhizosphere and bulk-soil communities whilst stress-tolerance traits increased with Cd dose, but only in bulk-soil communities. These findings suggest that a bacterium's competitive attributes are critical to its ability to occupy and proliferate in a Cd-contaminated rhizosphere. Ruderal traits, which relate to community re-colonization potential, were synergistically decreased by the presence of the rhizosphere and Cd dose. Taken together this microcosm study suggests that the CSR theory is broadly applicable to microbial communities. Further work toward developing a simplified and robust strategy for microbial CSR classification will provide an ecologically meaningful framework to interpret community-level changes across a range of biomes.

Review of the Book: Trepavlov V.V., Belyakov A.V. Sibirskie tsarevichi v istorii Rossii [The Siberian Princes in the History of Russia

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D.N. Maslyuzhenko

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the new book by Russian historians V.V. Trepavlov and A.V. Be­lyakov dedicated to the Siberian princes and their role in national history. The first part of the book is dedicated to the struggle of Kuchum Khan and his descendants for revenge in Siberia and the restoration of the Siberian Khanate, and the second one – to the conditions of the Kuchumovichi’s appearances in the Moscow state, their inhabitancy, the role in political processes and the further disappearance of the dynasty. The book is written on the basis of a large number of archival documents, mainly from the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts (RGADA. It allowed reconstructing the rich tapestry of the Kuchumovichi’s life in Siberia and the Moscow state based on the methods and traditions of political history, studies of everyday life, prosopography, microhistory and genealogy. On the one hand, the book will be important for studies of Siberia, because the Siberian kings and princes in the Moscow state tried, if possible, to keep their familiar surroundings for a long time that preserved some distinctive features of their prior life’s period, which cannot be directly reconstructed with local materials. On the other hand, many nuances of the everyday life of these dynasts and their entourage can characterize not only the Siberian aristocracy but also the relevant layers of Moscow society as a whole, for which the Eastern traditions were also not immune to. Therein, we get an interesting slice of the Moscow society of the 16th–17th centuries: notably, the gradual forfeiture of the princes directly coincided with the exhaustion of the post-Horde and Eastern traditions in Russia as a whole. Despite some minor shortcomings, the materials of the monograph are so manifold so each reader will find in it some of his or her own interesting aspects, and will get an idea of an interesting slice of the Russian history of the 16th–17th centuries.

Environmental pollution and radiation situation in Russia in January 1995; O zagryaznenii okruzhayushchej sredy i radiatsionnoj obstanovke na territorii Rossii v yanvare 1995

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ovanesyants, A M; Belova, N A; Savel` ev, V A

1995-05-01

The article presents a review of the environmental status of the territory of Russia in January 1995 caused by various accidents. An extremely high level of mercury ions pollution of the Northern Dvina is established. Ruptures of oil lines took place in the Republic of Komi. A high level of atmospheric pollution is recorded on the territory of Chechnya. Air pollution is still high in major cities. Somewhat higher levels of radioactive fallouts are recorded on seven points of the monitoring network in January as compared with the background values.

Jenergeticheskoe sotrudnichestvo Rossii i Evrosojuza: osnovnye napravlenija jevoljucii i sovremennoe sostojanie [EU — Russia energy cooperation: major development trends and the present state

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Romanova Tatyana

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the development of EU — Russia energy relations through the lens of the evolution of three parameters: the political agenda (the Energy Dialogue, the institutional structure, and the legal modalities. The identification of these three aspects for assessing the evolution of EU-Russia energy relations is the novelty in the author’s approach. This study aims to identify the previous stages and assess the current state of EU — Russia energy dialogue, since they set out conditions for energy cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. This research is based on a political and legal analysis of various documents and employs various international relations theories (including integration theories. The article demonstrates that the EU and Russia have made a transition to the integration agenda manifested in the Energy Dialogue (its current goal is the creation of a common European energy market. The author describes the process of gradual consolidation of transgovernmental and transnational institutions, which leads to depoliticization of cooperation and mutual socialization of the partners. Finally, legal discussions on the development of common rules have become more constructive. In sum, the current situation in EU — Russia energy relations is favourable and positively affects cooperation in the Baltic Sea region.

International conference. Mental health consequences of the Chernobyl disaster: current state and future prospects; Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya `Aktual`nye i prognoziruemye narusheniya psikhicheskogo zdorov`ya posle yadernoj katastrofy v Chernobyle`

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nyagu, A I [eds.

1996-12-31

Proceedings of the International Conference on the mental health consequences of the Chernobyl disaster: current state and future prospects was introduced.The questions connected with: 1. Mental health disorders biological basis after ionizing radiation influence; 2. Psychiatric aspects of the Chernobyl disaster; 3. Social stress following contradictory information: ways for its overcoming; 4. Rehabilitation and prophylactic measures for mental and nervous disorders. Psycho social rehabilitation of survivors; 5. Psychosomatic effects and somato-neurological consequences of the Chernobyl disaster; 6. Psychosomatic health of children and adolescents survivors of the Chernobyl disaster; 7. Brain damage as result of prenatal irradiation.

Antarctic fish in a changing world: metabolic, osmoregulatory and endocrine stress response

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Pedro Miguel Guerreiro

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Fish around Antarctic Peninsula are exposed to the fastest climate change rate in the planet, up to ten times higher than the global average. The evolution in extreme stenothermal isolation was a strong selective pressure for the development of a highly endemic fish fauna, with likely structural and functional constraints. To which extent can coastal notothenioid fish adjust to the conditions forecasted by the models of climate change? Experiments were run in the Arctowski (PL station at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, in 2012/13. Fish, Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps, were collected by boat at 5-25 meter deep using fishing poles and were transferred to experimental tanks in cold rooms acclimated to natural temperatures (0-2°C. Fish were exposed to rapid/ gradual changes in water temperature or/and salinity (to 6-8°C using thermostat-controlled heaters, to 20-10‰ by addition of freshwater to recirculating tanks, over a period of up to 10 days to evaluate the response of several physiological processes. The stress endocrine axis was tested by injecting known blockers/ agonists of cortisol release and receptors. Exposure to altered conditions had no effect in immediate mortality. Increased temperature reduced overall activity and behavioral response to stimuli, although it had no clear effect on mobilization of energetic substrate. Both cortisol and gene expression of metabolic-related proteins and glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid receptors were modified after heat shock, but that the cortisol response to handling was reduced. The rise in temperature induced a dependent decrease in plasma osmolality while increasing branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity, thus decreasing osmoregulatory efficiency. In conclusion, Antarctic fish are reactive to environmental change, but that their ability to accommodate rapid or adaptive responses may be compromised.

New and noteworthy waterfowl records at artificial wetlands from Baja California Sur, Mexico Registros nuevos y sobresalientes de anátidos en humedales artificiales de Baja California Sur, México

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Roberto Carmona

2011-06-01

Full Text Available We present 9 recent records of rare waterfowls in Baja California Sur, all of them in artificial wetlands: 3 freshwater sites and 1 concentration area for a saltworks. We present the first records of the Ross's Goose in the state. The remaining 8 species are: Black-bellied Whistling-Duck (breeding, Fulvous Whistling-Duck, Greater White-fronted Goose, Snow Goose, Cackling Goose, Tundra Swan, Mallard and Hooded Merganser. To this list we added an historical compilation of the records of these species in artificial sites of the state. The artificial wetlands are no replacement for their natural counterparts, they are nevertheless an important part of the region's landscape mosaic. As the records of the present work exemplify, this man-made habitat increases the regional species richness, and should be considered as important areas that need to be protected.Presentamos registros recientes de 9 especies de anátidos raros en Baja California Sur, todos ellos realizados en humedales creados por el hombre: 3 sitios dulceacuícolas y 1 área de concentración para la producción de sal. Se incluyen los primeros registros del ganso de Ross (Chen rossii para el estado. Las 8 especies restantes son: Dendrocygna autumnalis (anidación, D. bicolor, Anser albifrons, Chen caerulesens, Branta hutchinsii, Cygnus columbianus, Anas platyrhynchos y Lophodytes cucullatus. A la lista, agregamos una recopilación histórica de los registros de estas especies en humedales artificiales del estado. Aunque estos sitios no deben sustituir a sus contrapartes naturales, actualmente forman parte del mosaico paisajístico que ofrece la región; adicionalmente, incrementan la riqueza de especies de la región, por lo que es necesario brindarles protección.

Decadal declines in avian herbivore reproduction: density-dependent nutrition and phenological mismatch in the Arctic

Science.gov (United States)

Ross, Megan V.; Alisaukas, Ray T.; Douglas, David C.; Kellett, Dana K.

2017-01-01

A full understanding of population dynamics depends not only on estimation of mechanistic contributions of recruitment and survival, but also knowledge about the ecological processes that drive each of these vital rates. The process of recruitment in particular may be protracted over several years, and can depend on numerous ecological complexities until sexually mature adulthood is attained. We addressed long-term declines (23 breeding seasons, 1992–2014) in the per capita production of young by both Ross's Geese (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) nesting at Karrak Lake in Canada's central Arctic. During this period, there was a contemporaneous increase from 0.4 to 1.1 million adults nesting at this colony. We evaluated whether (1) density-dependent nutritional deficiencies of pre-breeding females or (2) phenological mismatch between peak gosling hatch and peak forage quality, inferred from NDVI on the brood-rearing areas, may have been behind decadal declines in the per capita production of goslings. We found that, in years when pre-breeding females arrived to the nesting grounds with diminished nutrient reserves, the proportional composition of young during brood-rearing was reduced for both species. Furthermore, increased mismatch between peak gosling hatch and peak forage quality contributed additively to further declines in gosling production, in addition to declines caused by delayed nesting with associated subsequent negative effects on clutch size and nest success. The degree of mismatch increased over the course of our study because of advanced vegetation phenology without a corresponding advance in Goose nesting phenology. Vegetation phenology was significantly earlier in years with warm surface air temperatures measured in spring (i.e., 25 May–30 June). We suggest that both increased phenological mismatch and reduced nutritional condition of arriving females were behind declines in population-level recruitment

Jelektrojenergeticheskaja kooperacija v Baltijskom regione i rol' v nej Rossii [Electric energy cooperation in the Baltic Sea region and the role of Russia in it

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Zverev Yuri

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines cooperation in the electric energy sector in the Baltic region. The author explores the existing undersea HVDC power exchange projects. It is emphasised that cooperation in the electric energy sector is concentrated largely in the EU member states despite earlier plans to establish the Baltic energy ring, which would also include Russia and Belarus. The author stresses that one of the most acute problems for the EU today is overcoming isolation of the energy systems of the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia from that of the major part of the EU. This task has become especially relevant after the closing of the Ignalina NPP (Lithuania, which used to be the primary energy source for the three Baltic States. The article examines key projects of the construction of new international power transmission lines in the framework of the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP and the prospects of the Visaginas NPP (Lithuania in solving energy problems of the Baltic States. The author analyses Russia’s role in the electric energy market and focuses on a possible increase of the country’s energy market share following the construction of the Baltic NPP and the export of generated electric energy to Poland, Lithuania, Germany, and Sweden. The author concludes that the prospects of Russia’s energy export to the Baltic Sea region will be determined not only by technological, economic and market factors, but rather by the general state of relations between Russia and the EU. Moreover, a lot depends on Lithuania’s decision on the construction of the Visaginas NPP, as well as the way the EU and the Baltic States solve the problem of energy supply in case the NPP project is terminated.

Perspektivy setevogo sotrudnichestva Rossii i stran ES v innovacionnoj sfere na Baltike [Innovations in the Baltic Sea Region and Network Cooperation between Russia and the EU

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Fedorov Gennady

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Transnational (involving countries and cross-border (involving adjacent regions of different countries cooperation and integration are rapidly developing in the Baltic Sea region. Russia lags behind the Nordic countries and Germany as far as innovative development is concerned; yet our national pace here is comparable to that of Poland and the three Baltic States. At the same time, the features of innovative cooperation vary a great deal depending on the group of countries involved in cooperation processes. Independent of its type, however, international cooperation is beneficial for all parties concerned and should therefore be more actively encouraged. Northwestern Federal District traditionally plays a special role in the development of EU-Russia cooperation, since a number of its regions border on the EU countries. The district participates in the development of network innovative structures within the Baltic Sea region. It takes an active part in cross-border cooperation — activities that involve the formation of transborder innovative clusters. There are high expectations associated with the formation of such territorially localised innovative networks, as the Helsinki — Saint Petersburg — Tallinn and Tricity (Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot — Kaliningrad — Klaipeda transborder innovative clusters. The city of Saint Petersburg and the adjacent Leningrad region, as well as the Kaliningrad region can become innovative development corridors between Russia and the EU and, eventually, develop into the ‘economic growth poles’ of the Russian Federation.

Evaluating indices of lipid and protein content in lesser snow and Ross's geese during spring migration

Science.gov (United States)

Webb, Elisabeth B.; Fowler, Drew N.; Woodall, Brendan A.; Vrtiska, Mark P.

2018-01-01

Assessing nutrient stores in avian species is important for understanding the extent to which body condition influences success or failure in life‐history events. We evaluated predictive models using morphometric characteristics to estimate total body lipids (TBL) and total body protein (TBP), based on traditional proximate analyses, in spring migrating lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (A. rossii). We also compared performance of our lipid model with a previously derived predictive equation for TBL developed for nesting lesser snow geese. We used external and internal measurements on 612 lesser snow and 125 Ross's geese collected during spring migration in 2015 and 2016 within the Central and Mississippi flyways to derive and evaluate predictive models. Using a validation data set, our best performing lipid model for snow geese better predicted TBL (root mean square error [RMSE] of 23.56) compared with a model derived from nesting individuals (RMSE = 48.60), suggesting the importance of season‐specific models for accurate lipid estimation. Models that included body mass and abdominal fat deposit best predicted TBL determined by proximate analysis in both species (lesser snow goose, R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 23.56: Ross's geese, R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 13.75). Models incorporating a combination of external structural measurements in addition to internal muscle and body mass best predicted protein values (R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 19.39 and R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 7.65, lesser snow and Ross's geese, respectively), but protein models including only body mass and body size were also competitive and provided extended utility to our equations for field applications. Therefore, our models indicated the importance of specimen dissection and measurement of the abdominal fat pad to provide the most accurate lipid estimates and provide alternative dissection‐free methods for estimating protein.

Decadal declines in avian herbivore reproduction: density-dependent nutrition and phenological mismatch in the Arctic.

Science.gov (United States)

Ross, Megan V; Alisauskas, Ray T; Douglas, David C; Kellett, Dana K

2017-07-01

A full understanding of population dynamics depends not only on estimation of mechanistic contributions of recruitment and survival, but also knowledge about the ecological processes that drive each of these vital rates. The process of recruitment in particular may be protracted over several years, and can depend on numerous ecological complexities until sexually mature adulthood is attained. We addressed long-term declines (23 breeding seasons, 1992-2014) in the per capita production of young by both Ross's Geese (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) nesting at Karrak Lake in Canada's central Arctic. During this period, there was a contemporaneous increase from 0.4 to 1.1 million adults nesting at this colony. We evaluated whether (1) density-dependent nutritional deficiencies of pre-breeding females or (2) phenological mismatch between peak gosling hatch and peak forage quality, inferred from NDVI on the brood-rearing areas, may have been behind decadal declines in the per capita production of goslings. We found that, in years when pre-breeding females arrived to the nesting grounds with diminished nutrient reserves, the proportional composition of young during brood-rearing was reduced for both species. Furthermore, increased mismatch between peak gosling hatch and peak forage quality contributed additively to further declines in gosling production, in addition to declines caused by delayed nesting with associated subsequent negative effects on clutch size and nest success. The degree of mismatch increased over the course of our study because of advanced vegetation phenology without a corresponding advance in Goose nesting phenology. Vegetation phenology was significantly earlier in years with warm surface air temperatures measured in spring (i.e., 25 May-30 June). We suggest that both increased phenological mismatch and reduced nutritional condition of arriving females were behind declines in population-level recruitment, leading

O mezhdunarodnom sotrudnichestve Severo-Zapada Rossii v innovacionnoj sfere na Baltike [On the international cooperation of North-West Russia in the field of innovations in the Baltic

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Baranova Yulia

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This article focuses on the cooperation between the constituent entities of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation and the Baltic countries (Finland, Estonia, and Norway in the field of innovations at national and regional levels, as well as at the level of corporate cooperation. The author reviews successful implementation of innovation projects within cross-border and transnational cooperation programmes. The most significant projects focus on the development of information and communications technologies in healthcare, the development of networks uniting innovation centres in the Baltic Sea region, and the transnational network of business incubators in the Baltic Sea region. The author identifies promising areas of cooperation between North-West Russia, Finland, Norway, and Estonia in the field of innovations, including telecommunications, information and, space; biological, environmental and nanotechnologies; software, medicine, education, culture, energy efficiency and ecological construction, as well as the development of creative industries. The article pays attention to large-scale national projects, such as “St. Petersburg Corridor — Two Model Open Innovation Platform” and “Partnership in commercialization of Russian innovations”.

Impacto do fluoreto na resposta metabólica do peixe antártico Notothenia Rossii (Richardson, 1844) aclimatado sob condições de estresse térmico e hiposmótico

OpenAIRE

Rodrigues Júnior, Édson

2013-01-01

Resumo: A Antártica é considerada a região mais preservada do planeta e apresenta características de um ambiente único. A extinção da antiga fauna antártica e o estabelecimento da atual ocorreu sob a pressão seletiva das baixas temperaturas. Durante o inverno austral, a baixa produtividade primária do ambiente marinho antártico restringe a disponibilidade de alimento na coluna d'água e a sua transferência para o sistema bentônico. A Península Antártica é uma das três regiões do planeta que so...

Transistor precision pulse-shaper with short recovery time; Dispositif de haute precision pour la mise en forme des impulsions, a transistors et a faible temps de recuperation; Tranzistornyj tochnyj formirovatel' impul'sov s korotkim vremenem vosstanovleniya; Formador de impulsos de precision, transistorizado, de corto tiempo de recuperacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lotto, I De [European Atomic Energy Community, CCR, Ispra (Italy)

1962-04-15

anchura de los impulsos superior al 2%, sin necesidad de ajustes sucesivos y 2) una estabilidad de la anchura de los impulsos superior al 1%, para variaciones de 20{sup o}C en la temperatura. Las caracteristicas del circuito son tales que se pueden utilizar transistores de baja tension inversa base-emisor, por lo que pueden emplearse la mayor parte de los tipos de transistores rapidos. (author) [Russian] Formirovatel' impul'sov s korotkim vremenem vosstanovleniya chasto neobkhodim v yadernoj ehlektronike. Formirovatelem impul'sov s naibolee korotkim vremenem vosstanovleniya yavlyaetsya korotkij mul'tivibrator so skhemoj khronirovaniya RC. Pro-analizirovany dannyj vid skhemy khronirovaniya i vliyanie kharakteristik tranzistora na rabotu ehtoj skhemy. Predlozheny neskol'ko izmenenij skhemy dlya dostizheniya 1) tochnosti shiriny impul'sa bol'she, chem na 2%, bez neobkhodimosti individual'nykh prisposoblenij i 2) stabil'nosti shiriny impul'sa bol'she, chem na 1%, pri temperature svyshe 20{sup o}C. Skhema rasschitana takim obrazom, chto dopuskaetsya ispol'zovanie tranzistorov s obratnym napryazheniem ehmittera s nizkoj osnovoj podobno tomu, kak ehto nablyudaetsya u bol'shej chasti tranzistorov. (author)

Commissioning Experience from the Agesta Nuclear Power Plant; Experience acquise lors des essais de mise en service de la centrale nucleaire d'Agesta; Opyt po vvedeniyu v ehkspluatatsiyu yadernoj ehnergeticheskoj ustanovki Agesta; Experiencia adquirida con la puesta en marcha de la central nucleoelectrica de Agesta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rydell, N. [Aagesta Kraftvarmewerk, Farsta (Sweden)

1963-10-15

The Agesta Nuclear Power Plant is a pressurized heavy water reactor of the pressure vessel type, fuelled with natural uranium. It was commissioned with light water from December 1962 to May 1963. Observations of a more general interest were made during this commissioning essentially on the following topics; (a) cleanliness of primary circuit (b) valve operation (c) pressurization of the primary circuit (d) water leakage (e) refuelling machinery (f) containment testing. (author) [French] Il s'agit d'un reacteur a uranium naturel et a eau lourde pressurisee, du type a caisson sous pression. Les essais de mise en service ont ete faits avec de l'eau ordinaire, de decembre 1962 a mai 1963. La mise en service a permis de faire des observations d'interet general sur les sujets suivants: a) non-contamination du circuit primaire; b) fonctionnement des vannes; c) maintien sous pression du circuit primaire; d) fuites d'eau; e) appareils de chargement du combustible; f) essais d'isolement. (author) [Spanish] La central nucleoelectrica de Agesta posee un reactor de agua pesada del tipo de recipiente de presion, con combustible de uranio natural. Se mantuvo en funcionamiento con agua ligera entre diciembre de 1962 y mayo de 1963. Durante esta prueba, se efectuaron observaciones de interes mas general, relacionadas esencialmente con las siguientes cuestiones: a) limpieza del circuito primario; b) funcionamiento de las valvulas; c) presion del circuito primario; d) perdidas de agua; e) dosposiciones de reposicion del Combustible; f) ensayos de confinamiento. (author) [Russian] Yadernaya ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka Agesta predstavlyaet soboj tyazhelovodnyj reaktor pod davleniem, ispol'zuyushchij prirodnyj uran v kachestve topliva. Reaktor byl vveden v ehkspluatatsiyu na obychnoj vode v period s dekabrya 1962 goda po maj 1963 goda. Zamechaniya bolee obshchego kharaktera byli sdelany vo vremya ehkspluatatsii v osnovnom po sledukhshchim temam: a) chistota pervichnogo kontura; b) rabota klapanov; c) povyshenie davleniya v pervichnom konture; d) utechka vody; e) ustanovka po zamene topliva; f) ispytanie na germetichnost'. (author)

Metodicheskie osnovy sravnitel'noj ocenki nauchno-tehnicheskogo potenciala Rossii i ES: regional'nyj i mezhdunarodnyj aspekty [The methodological bases of comparative evaluation of sci¬entific and technological potential of Russia and the EU: regional and international aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Voloshenko Ksenya

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This article analyses approaches to the definition of such categories as “scientific and technological potential” and “innovative potential” in view of their resource, structural, procedural and resultant components. The author gives a more accurate definition of the scientific and technological potential through identifying its resources and orientation towards transforming abilities. On the basis of the existing methods of comparative analysis used in Russia and abroad, the author proposes a methodology for evaluating scientific and technological potential in the context of regional and international comparison. The integral index is calculated on the basis of a customised information and statistical database of normalised indicators through the identification and convolution of subindices that characterise individual components of potential. These subindices include pecific indicators applied in different statistical systems, in particular, those used in Russia and the EU, which made it possible to compar the data. The article presents the result of the application of this methodology based on a comparative evaluation of the scientific and technological potential of Russia (Northwestern federal district and EU states of the Baltic region. The experimental check suggests that the methodology be further improved for future clustering of Russian and EU regions according to the level of their innovative development.

Developing reports on safety analysis and probabilistic analysis of safety for operating power units at nuclear power stations with WWER reactors in Russia; Razrabotka otchetov po analizu bezopasnosti i VAB dlya ehkspluatiruyushchikhsya ehnergoblokov AEhS s WWEhR v Rossii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malyshev, A B; Morozov, V B [ATOMENERGOPROEKT Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1999-06-01

Report presents the current state-of art in developing safety reports and probabilistic safety analyses for WWER NPPs operated in Russia. Development of these reports and implementation of PSA is done according to the requirements outlined in the basic document `General Statement on Ensuring safety (OPB). At present submitting safety reports to the regulatory authority GAN RF is mandatory for licensing NPPs. Current state of safety reports for the operating WWER type NPPs meets generally the effective Russian standard engineering documents which are approaching the international standards. A mechanism ensuring correspondence of the safety documentation to the current state of operating units is determined. Modernization of the operating units is underway, it is aimed to eliminate existing deviations from requirements of the modern standards in the field of NPP safety

A critical summary of microscopic fast-neutron interactions with reactor structural, fissile and fertile materials; Apercu critique des interactions microscopiques des neutrons rapides avec les materiaux de construction et les matieres fissiles et fertiles utilisees dans les reacteurs; Kriticheskij obzor mikroskopicheskog o vzaimodejstviya bystrykh nejtronov s konstruktsionnymi, rasshcheplyayushchimis ya i vosproizvodyashchim i reaktornymi materialami; Resumen critico de las interacciones microscopicas de los neutrones rapidos con los materiales estructurales fisionables y fertiles utilizados en los reactores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, A B [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

doklade, ne tol'ko mogut byt' primeneny s bol'shoj pol'zoj, no i sami yavlyayutsya primerom primeneniya peredovoj ehksperimental'no j yadernoj tekhniki. Ukazyvayutsya oblasti, v kotorykh ehksperimental'ny e dannye libo nedostatochny, libo protivorechivy, libo voobshche otsutstvuyut. Delaetsya prognoz v otnoshenii budushchikh znanij o reaktsiyakh na bystrykh nejtronakh i podcherkivaetsya neobkhodimost' vypolneniya reaktornykh trebovanij dlya polucheniya osnovnykh yadernykh dannykh. (author)

The full story of 90 hijacked journals from August 2011 to June 2015

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jalalian Mehrdad

2015-01-01

Full Text Available During recent years, the academic world has suffered a lot from the threats of hijacked journals and fake publishers that have called into question the validity and reliability of scientific publications. The purpose of this paper is to tell the in-depth story of hijacked journals. This paper addresses the hijackers themselves, the methods they use to find their victims in the academic world, the methods they use to collect money from unsuspecting researchers by charging them to publish in hijacked journals, how they hide their identities, and how the academic world can best protect itself from these cyber- criminals. Without identifying specific journal hijackers, we tell the story of how an assistant professor of computer and information science from Saudi Arabia (who holds a Ph.D. from a Malaysian university and his team of Word Press experts from Pakistan hijacked at least six journals including journal of technology, BRI's Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Magnt Research Report, Scientific Khyber, Saussurea, and created one of the four fake websites for Texas Journal of Science. We also tell the story of how some conferences are integrated with hijacked journals, and how a cybercriminal with a fake address in United Arab Emirates used the pseudonym 'James Robinson' to mass hijack more than 20 academic journals (Journal of Balkan Tribological Association, Scientia Guaianae, Journal of American Medical Association, Cadmo, Entomon, Italianistica, Revue scientifique et technique, Kar- diologiya, Agrochimica, Terapevticheskii Arkhiv, Ama, Tekstil, Fauna Rossii I Sopredel Nykh Stran, Azariana, PSR health research bulletin, etc.. We also address the European cybercriminal with pseudonym 'Ruslan Boranbaev' who hijacked the Archives des Sciences in October 2011 and created the 'Science record journals' (to host three hijacked journals Including 'Science series data report', Innovaciencia, and 'Science and nature'; and seven fake

EURATOM's Programme of Participation in Power Reactor Construction; Le programme de participation d'Euratom aux reacteurs de puissance; Programma uchastiya v razrabotke ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov Evratoma; El programa de participacion de la Euratom en la construccion y explotacion de reactores de potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramadier, R. C.; Parker, E. [Communaute Europoenne de l' Energie Atomique, Bruxelles (Belgium)

1963-10-15

simple y circulacion natural. La participacion mancomunada puede revestir diversas formas. Una de las principales consiste en contribuir a enjugar el deficit que puede producirse en las centrales nucleoelectricas durante los primeros anos de su explotacion. Esta participacion de la EURATOM ha alentado la construccion de algunas centrales nucleoelectricas; ha permitido ademas, y permitira aun, reunir informaciones que seran de suma utilidad en los proximos afios, durante los cuales los problemas que plantea el funcionamiento de los reactores seran decisivos para el desarrollo de la energia atomica. (author) [Russian] Odnim iz sredstv, primenyaemykh Komissiej Evratoma v tselyakh obespecheniya razvitiya evropejskoj yadernoj promyshlennosti, yavlyaetsya programma, imenuemaya ''uchastie v soobshchestve''. Ehta programma pozvolyaet Komissii prinyat' uchastie v predelakh obshchikh raskhodov v summe 32 mln. raschetnykh edenits po evropejskoj sisteme v toj oblasti, kotoraya otnositsya k ehnergeticheskim reaktoram. V obmen predostavlyaetsya informatsiya o konstruktsii i poryadke ehkspluatatsii ehtikh reaktorov. Postupivshie do poslednego vremeni ot trekh obshchestv predlozheniya pozvolili podpisat' kontrakt. Obshchestva sleduyushchie: a) Natsional'noe obshchestvo po atomnoj ehnergii (SENN), kotoroe vedet v Italii stroitel'stvo ehlektrostantsii na 150 mgvt (ehl) netto s kipyashchim reaktorom s dvojnym tsiklom; b) Yuzhnoe ital'yanskoe obshchestvo po atomnoj ehnergii (SIMEA), kotoroe zanyato v Italii stroitel'stvom ehlektrostantsii na 200 mgvt (ehl) netto s uranovo-grafitovym reaktorom s uglekislym gazom v kachestve teplonositelya; c) Franko-bel'gijskoe obshchestvo po yadernoj ehnergii Ardenn (SENA), kotoroe predprinyalo na franko-bel'gijskoj granitse stroitel'stvo ehlektrostantsii s vodyanym reaktorom pod davleniem. Ozhidaetsya, chto stantsiya smozhet dostich' i, veroyatno, prevzojti moshchnost' v 242 mgvt (ehl) netto. Krome togo, Komissiya raspolagaet zaprosami ob uchastii v

Waterfowl migration on Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges 1953-2001

Science.gov (United States)

Gilmer, David S.; Yee, Julie L.; Mauser, David M.; Hainline, James M.

2004-01-01

autumn and 51% in spring. A significant decline in pintail abundance starting in the late 1950s altered waterfowl composition on Klamath Basin refuges. As pintail declined, other species such as mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and green-winged teal (Anas crecca) increased in abundance. Although Arctic nesting geese, including white-fronted (Anser albifrons), cackling Canada (Branta canadensis minima), white geese (lesser snow [Chen caerulescens caerulescens], and Ross’s [Chen rossii]) have become less prominent in recent decades, they reached an historically high abundance during autumn in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly on Tule Lake NWR.Tule Lake NWR supported the highest average autumn waterfowl populations until surpassed by Lower Klamath NWR around 1980. During the recent period (1977-2001), Lower Klamath NWR accounted for 60% of all waterfowl using the refuge complex in autumn and 61% in spring. Habitat diversity and wetland productivity contributed to its greater waterfowl abundance. Tule Lake NWR supported the most geese over the long term, 79% in autumn and 66% in spring; however, total waterfowl abundance on this refuge in autumn has been in decline, likely because of reduced diversity and productivity of sumps in the refuge. Upper Klamath, Klamath Marsh, and Clear Lake NWRs accounted for less than 8% of total waterfowl use in autumn and spring but provided diverse habitats for migrants.Waterfowl use-days on Klamath Basin refuges typically peaked in mid-autumn, decreased as migrants passed through the basin, and then reached a lesser peak during spring passage. Waterfowl abundance reached a pronounced peak in autumn during the early period (1953-76), but spring peak buildup was much less pronounced. For the recent period the autumn peak was more subdued.Waterfowl abundance, species composition, and distribution on Klamath Basin refuges have fluctuated over the decades and have been influenced by events such as productivity on breeding grounds and habitat

Ultra-high-speed oscillographic techniques; Techniques d'oscillographie ultra-rapide; Metody sverkhskorostnoj ostsillografii; Metodos oscilograficos ultrarrapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abercrombie, S; Elphick, B; Foster, H [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)

1962-04-15

i, v chastnosti, lamp s otrazheniem begushchej volny. Opisyvayutsya sleduyushchie sostavnye chasti polnogo ostsillografa dlya izucheniya perekhodyashchikh signalov: a) Katodnaya ehlektronnaya lampa s otrazhatelem begushchej volny i s uravnoveshennoj koaksial'noj svyaz'yu pri shirine polosy chastot v 2 kmgts. b) Fazorasshchepitel'nyj preobrazovatel' s kharakternym polnym soprotivleniem v 100 i 50 omov i shirinoj polosy chastot ot 1,5 kgts do 1,5 kmgts. v) Koaksial'nye konechnye soprotivleniya, rabotayushchie na kmgts. g) Emkosti svyazi, kompensirovannye dlya vklyucheniya v koaksial'nye linii s diapazonom chastot ot 5 kgts do 3 kmgts, s kharakternymi polnymi soprotivleniyami v 100 omov. d) SHirokopolosnye pogloshchayushchie oslabiteli dlya otbora puskovykh signalov nachala otscheta vremeni. e) Nanosekundnye osnovy vremeni s ustrojstvom dlya puska v khod i preryvaniya impul'sov. zh) Opisyvaetsya kamera s shirokoj aperturoj. V zaklyuchenie opisyvaetsya primenenie ehtikh metodov v yadernoj ehlektronike. (author)

Radioautography in the Study of Radioisotopically-Tagged Substances in Insect Control; L'autoradiographie dans l'etude de substances marquees au moy en de radioisotopes utilisees dans la lutte contre les insectes; Primenenie radioavtografii pri izuchenii substantsij, mechennykh radioizotopami, v bor'be s nasekomymi; La autorradiografia en el estudio de las sustancias marcadas con radioisotopos utilizadas en la lucha contra los insectos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joftes, D. L. [New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

1963-09-15

histologicos corrientes. Un ligero desplazamiento ascendente del foco pone de relieve los detalles de la autorradiografia que, de este modo, se puede estudiar en relacion con el tejido. En la memoria se describen en detalle las tecnicas recomendadas y el sencillo equipo necesario, que suele encontrarse en todos los laboratorios. (author) [Russian] Pri otnositel'no nebol'shikh zatratakh truda bolee novye,uproshchenie metody radioavtografii obespechivayut bol'shuyu chuvstvitel'nost' i tochnost' na mikroskopicheskom urovne vo mnogikh fazakh issledovanij odnokratno i dvukhkratno mechennykh radioizotopami insektitsidov, naprimer pri issledovanii pogloshcheniya, peremeshcheniya, metabolizma i opredelenii ostatkov insektitsidov v rasteniyakh, u nasekomykh i tavotnykh. Fiziologiya i biokhimiya obluchennykh nasekomykh yavlyayutsya drugimi oblastyami primeneniya radioavtografii. Vozdejstvie oblucheniya, osobenno na generativnye organy, izuchaetsya s pomoshch'yu mechennogo tritiem timidina. V to vremya kak metody scheta dayut mnogo informatsii o nalichii i kolichestve radioizotopov, s pomoshch'yu radioavtografii mozhno poluchit' dannye o fakticheskikh mestakh ikh otlozheniya v tkanyakh ili dazhe v chastyakh kletok. Poluchenie takoj razreshayushchej sposobnosti vozmozhno na obychnykh postoyannykh gistologicheskikh preparatakh, v to vremya kak pri primenenii metodov scheta dlya polucheniya tochnogo rezul'tata trebuetsya razrushenie obraztsa. Standartnaya radioavtografiya osobenno udobna dlya proslezhivaniya malykh kolichestv izotopov, sostavlyayushchikh doli mikrokyuri, ochen' slabykh izluchatelej, takikh, kak radioaktivnyj uglerod (C{sup 14}) i tritij (H{sup 3}), togda kak dlya rabot s ochen' slabymi izluchatelyami s primeneniem metodov scheta trebuyutsya ochen' dorogie i slozhnye pribory. Metod ne imeet ogranichenij v otnoshenii izotopov, primenyaemykh dlya mecheniya, tak kak dazhe izlucheniya tritiya i C''1''4 budut fiksirovat'sya na yadernoj fotoehmul'sii. Dejstvitel'no, tritij i C''1

Nuclear Materials Management and its Relationship to Nuclear Safety and Criticality Control; La Gestion des Matieres Nucleaires et ses Rapports avec la Securite Nucleaire et le Controle de la Criticite; Obrashchenie s yadernymi materialami i ego svyaz' s yadernoj bezopasnost'yu i kontrolem nad kritichnost'yu; La Administracion de Materiales Nucleares y sus Relaciones con la Seguridad Nuclear y el Control de la Criticidad

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tingey, F. H. [Phillips Petroleum Company, Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

1966-02-15

The preclusion of those conditions which would result in an inadvertent collection of fissionable material in quantity, geometry and environment to produce a neutron chain reaction is of fundamental importance to all those actively engaged in the nuclear industry. It is of particular concern to those individuals who are. responsible for the handling, transfer and storage of the fissionable materials in the performance of their various tasks. These same people are part of the nuclear materials management (NMM) system. They are the individuals who are primarily responsible for generating and receiving the SS accountability data channelled through the NMM office and as such must depend upon that office for valid and timely information in discharging their responsibility. Basically the responsibility for preventing inadvertent criticality in any area of plant operation lies with line supervision. In devising preventative measures at least three different types of problems need be considered. These are: (a) The scientific or technical problems connected with evaluating the hazard presented by a proposed quality of fissile material in a given geometry and environment; (b) The engineering problems presented by the restrictions dictated from the scientific or technical considerations; (c) The purely administrative problems presented in implementing the restrictions and requirements imposed from the technical and engineering considerations. To assist the supervisor in the successful discharge of this responsibility, some organizations provide certain groups or committees specialized in particular areas. Usually the technical problems are submitted to criticality specialists, commonly called a Nuclear Safety Committee, who are familiar with the experimental data of critical systems and can by theoretical calculation extend this experience to the problems at hand. Support in the engineering problems is given by plant engineering groups made cognizant of the requirements dictated by the technical considerations and familiar with the operational limitations. The administrative problems are solved through procedural restrictions placed by the supervisor. The NMM office can be most valuable in further support to the supervisor in these activities. The primary responsibility of this office is to alert responsible supervision to potentially hazardous situations as indicated either from information made available through the routine processing of accountability data or from material balance calculations. Any information pertaining to criticality studies as requested from the NMM office must be accurate and precise. A vigorous inventory management policy must be pursued to lessen the problems presented by accumulation of fissile materials. Internal audit by the NMM staff of inventory holdings can also serve to verify adherence to safeguard procedures. A vigorous orientation programme can be implemented by the NMM staff in its dealing with those individuals handling nuclear materials to make them more aware of the hazards involved. The integration of the NMM group into the general criticality safeguard problems at the NRT and has provided an effective system for assisting the line supervision in discharging this very important responsibility. (author) [French] Il est essentiel pour tous ceux qui travaillent dans l'industrie nucleaire de savoir comment eviter que des matieres nucleaires ne se trouvent rassemblees en quantites, selon une geometrie ou dans un milieu tels qu'elles puissent donner lieu a une reaction neutronique en chaine. Ceci interesse tout particulierement ceux qui, dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions, sont responsables de la manipulation, du transfert et de l'entreposage des matieres fissiles. Ces memes personnes participent au systeme de gestion des matieres nucleaires. Elles ont au premier chef la responsabilite de fournir et de recevoir les donnees comptables par l'intermediaire du service de gestion des matieres nucleaires; elles dependent donc de ce service pour les renseignements precis dont elles ont besoin pour assumer leurs responsabilites. C'est en premier lieu a la personne chargee de la surveillance generale du circuit qu'il incombe de veiller a ce qu'en aucun point les matieres nucleaires ne puissent, par inadvertance, atteindre l'etat critique. Pour mettre au point des mesures preventives, il faut tenir compte d'au moins trois categories de problemes, a savoir: a) Les problemes scientifiques et techniques lies a l'evaluation des risques que presente une certaine quantite de matieres fissiles disposee selon une certaine geometrie dans un certain endroit; b) Les problemes materiels souleves par les restrictions qu'imposent les considerations scientifiques ou techniques; c) Les problemes purement administratifs a resoudre pour respecter les restrictions et les conditions particulieres imposees par les considerations techniques et materielles. Pour aider le responsable de la surveillance a s'acquitter de sa tache, certaines organisations prevoient des groupes ou des comites specialises dans des domaines particuliers. Les problemes techniques sont le plus souvent soumis a des specialistes de la criticite, generalement constitues en comites de securite nucleaire, qui connaissent bien les donnees experimentales des systemes critiques et peuvent, par le calcul, exploiter cette experience pour resoudre les problemes qui se posent. En ce qui concerne les problemes materiels, ils sont soumis a des groupes de techniciens que l'on met au courant des conditions particulieres qu'imposent les facteurs techniques et qui connaissent bien les limites de fonctionnement de l'installation. Quant aux problemes administratifs, le responsable de la surveillance se charge de les resoudre' en reglementant les activites en consequence. Le service de gestion des matieres nucleaires peut apporter une aide precieuse au responsable de la surveillance. C'est tout d'abord a ce service qu'il incombe d'alerter le service de surveillance en lui signalant les conditions presentant un danger potentiel qu'il a pu deceler par l'etude des donnees comptables ou par le bilan matieres. Tous les renseignements demandes au service de gestion des matieres nucleaires au sujet de la criticite doivent etre exacts et precis. Un systeme efficace de controle de l'inventaire doit etre applique pour limiter les problemes que pose l'accumulation de matieres fissiles. En faisant proceder par le personnel du service de gestion des matieres nucleaires a une verification interne des matieres consignees dans l'inventaire, on peut egalement s'assurer que les mesures de securite sont bien appliquees. Le service de gestion des matieres nucleaires peut aussi assurer la formation du personnel charge de la manipulation des matieres nucleaires afin de lui faire prendre devantage conscience des risques encourus. En associant le service de gestion des matieres nucleaires aux specialistes de la prevention des etats critiques, la National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS) dispose d'un systeme efficace pour faciliter la tache du responsable de la surveillance du circuit matieres. (author) [Spanish] Para las personas que desempenan funciones importantes en la industria nuclear es de suma importancia evitar las acumulaciones accidentales de material fisionable en cantidades, medios y disposiciones que puedan ocasionar una reaccion neutronica en cadena. Esto concierne especialmente a los encargados de la manipulacion, la transferencia y el almacenamiento de dichos materiales. Estas personas forman parte del sistema de administracion de materiales nucleares y son fundamentalmente responsables de facilitar y recibir, por conducto de los servicios de administracion, datos contables relativos a los materiales basicos y a los materiales fisionables especiales; para que puedan desempenar satisfactoriamente sus funciones, es preciso que los servicios dispongan de informacion valida en el momento oportuno. Basicamente, la prevencion de los accidentes de criticidad en cualquier etapa del funcionamiento de una planta es una de las funciones inherentes a la inspeccion de las operaciones. Al proyectar las medidas preventivas hay que considerar, por lo menos, tres grupos distintos de problemas: a) Los problemas cientificos y tecnicos relativos a la evaluacion de los riesgos que presenta la acumulacion de materiales fisionables en cantidades, disposiciones y medios determinados; b) Los problemas de ingenieria que plantean las restricciones basadas en consideraciones de caracter cientifico o tecnico; c) Los problemas puramente administrative' que suscitan las limitaciones impuestas por cuestiones tecnicas y de ingenieria. Para facilitar el desempeno de las funciones de los inspectores algunas organizaciones han constituido comites especializados en determinados aspectos de la cuestion. Por lo general, los problemas tecnicos se someten a especialistas en criticidad, comunmente agrupados en un comite de seguridad nuclear, quienes conocen los datos experimentales de los sistemas criticos y pueden por calculo teorico extender ese conocimiento a los problemas especificos de la planta. Para los problemas de ingenieria se cuenta con la cooperacion de los grupos de ingenieros, a los cuales se mantiene informados de las necesidades impuestas por consideraciones tecnicas y de las limitaciones operativas. Los problemas administrativos se resuelven mediante restricciones de procedimiento dictadas por el inspector. Los servicios de administracion de materiales nucleares pueden facilitar en gran medida las tareas de inspeccion. En primer lugar, estos servicios tienen el deber de alertar a los inspectores cuando la informacion de que disponen gracias a la sistematizacion de los datos contables o a calculos basados en el balance de materiales revela la existencia de una situacion que puede resultar peligrosa. Toda la informacion referente a cuestiones de criticidad facilitada por los servicios de administracion de materiales nucleares debe ser exacta y precisa. Es necesario seguir una politica rigida de administracion de existencias a fin de limitar los problemas que suscita la acumulacion de materiales fisionables. La comprobacion interna de las existencias por el personal de los servicios de administracion puede servir tambien para verificar si se aplican los procedimientos de salvaguardia. Este personal puede llevar a cabo una importante labor de orientacion informando a los encargados de manipular los materiales fisionables sobre los peligros que sus actividades implican. La orientacion de los servicios de administracion de materiales nucleares hacia los problemas relativos a la prevencion de la criticidad aumenta considerablemente la eficacia de las inspecciones. (author) [Russian] Dlja vseh, aktivno rabotajushhih v oblasti jadernoj promyshlennosti, chrezvychajno vazhno ne dopuskat' sozdanija takih uslovij, kotorye mogli by privesti k nepredusmotrennomu skopleniju rasshhepljajushhih materialov v takih kolichestvah, geometrii i okruzhenii, kotorye mogut vyzvat' cepnuju reakciju nejtronov. Jeto osobenno vazhno dlja teh, na kom lezhit otvetstvennost' za pogruzochno-razgruzochnye raboty, peremeshhenie i hranenie rasshhepljajushhihsja materialov v hode vypolnenija razlichnyh zadanij. Jeti-zhe lica vhodjat v sistemu administrativno-hozjajstvennogo ucheta jadernyh materialov. Na objazannosti jetih lic lezhit v pervuju ochered' otvetstvennost' za sostavlenie i poluchenie dannyh statisticheskoj otchetnosti, napravljaemyh cherez Upravlenie po administrativnohozjajstvennomu uchetu jadernyh materialov, i v kachestve takovyh pri vypolnenii svoih objazannostej oni dolzhny obrashhat'sja v ukazannoe Upravlenie za predostavleniem im pravil'noj i svoevremennoj informacii. V osnovnom otvetstvennost' za nedopushhenie nepredusmotrennoj kritichnosti v ljuboj zone jekspluatacii ustanovki lezhit na rukovoditele rabot. Pri vyrabotke predupreditel'nyh meroprijatij sleduet uchityvat' po men'shej mere tri razlichnyh vida problem, a imenno: a) problemy nauchnogo ili tehnicheskogo haraktera, svjazannye s opredeleniem stepeni opasnosti, voznikajushhej v rezul'tate sosredotochenija v opredelennoj geometrii i okruzhenii namechaemyh kolichestv rasshhepljajushhihsja materialov; b) tehnologicheskie problemy, vytekajushhie iz diktuemyh nauchnymi i tehnicheskimi soobrazhenijami ogranichenij; v) chisto administrativjaye problemy, voznikajushhie pri osushhestvlenii ogranichenij i trebovanij, nalagaemyh po tehnicheskim i tehnologicheskim soobrazhenijam. Dlja okazanija sodejstvija rukovoditelju v celjah uspeshnogo vypolnenija im jetih funkcij nekotorye organizacii sozdajut opredelennye gruppy ili komitety, specializirovannye v opredelennyh oblastjah. Obychno tehnicheskie problemy predstavljajutsja na rassmotrenie specialistov po kritichnosti, ob{sup e}dinjaemyh v tak nazyvaemye Komitety po jadernoj bezopasnosti, kotorye horosho oznakomleny s jeksperimental'nymi dannymi kriticheskih sistem i v sostojanii raschetnym putem primenit' svoj opyt k dannoj konkretnoj probleme. Pomoshh' v tehnicheskih voprosah predostavljaetsja tehnicheskim personalom predprijatija, oznakomlennym s trebovanijami, diktuemymi tehnicheskimi soobrazhenijami, i horosho osvedomlennym otnositel'no jekspluatacionnyh ogranichenij. Administrativnye problemy razreshajutsja putem nalagaemyh rukovoditelem procedurnyh ogranichenij. Upravlenie po administrativno-hozjajstvennomu uchetu jadernyh materialov mozhet okazyvat' rukovoditelju dal'nejshuju podderzhku v ego rabote v jetoj oblasti. Prezhde vsego i glavnym obrazom na jetom Upravlenii lezhit objazannost' svoevremenno preduprezhdat' rukovodjashhie organy o vozmozhnosti sozdanija opasnyh polozhenij, kotorye mogut vyjasnit'sja libo na osnovanii svedenij, postupajushhih v rezul'tate povsednevnoj obrabotki dannyh otchetnosti, libo na osnovanii material'nyh raschetnyh balansov. Ljubye zaprashivaemye ot Upravlenija po administrativno-hozjajstvennomu uchetu jadernyh materialov svedenija, kasajushhiesja izuchenija kritichnosti, dolzhny byt' pravil'nymi i tochnymi. Dlja oblegchenija polozhenija, voznikajushhego v rezul'tate nakoplenija rashhepljajushhihsja materialov, sleduet strogo osushhestvljat' raspolozhenie material'nymi zapasami. Dlja proverki sobljudenija pravil bezopasnosti mozhet sluzhit' vnutrennjaja revizija inventarnyh zapisej personalom Upravlenija po administrativno-hozjajstvennomu uchetu jadernyh materialov. Dlja lic, imejushhih delo s jadernymi materialami, personal jetogo upravlenija mozhet provodit' intensivnuju programmu obluchenija dlja luchshego ponimanija imi svjazannoj s kritichnost'ju opasnosti. Na nacional'noj reaktornoj ispytatel'noj stancii vkljuchenie personala jetogo Upravlenija v razreshenie obshhih problem kritichnosti privelo k sozdaniju jeffektivnoj organizacii po okazaniju pomoshhi rukovodstvu v vypolnenii otvetstvennoj raboty. (author)

Nuclear geophysics in prospecting for ore and coal deposits; Geophysique nucleaire et prospection des gisements de charbon et autres mineraux; Yadernaya geofizika pri razvedke rudnykh i ugol'nykh mestorozhdenij; Geofisica nuclear u prospeccion de yacimientos de carbon y otros minerales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bulashevich, Yu P; Voskobojnikov, G M; Muzyukin, L V

1962-01-15

captura de neutrones termicos del boro hace posible determinar estratos boriferos en la zona del sondeo empleando los metodos E.G.N. y E.N.N. La influencia del agua se elimina mediante sondeos inversos. Este metodo, asi como otros sistemas de exploracion por activacion neutronica, han sido aplicados tambien en diversos yacimientos de cobre, manganeso, aluminio y otros minerales. La exploracion por activacion continua esta indicada cuando el periodo de semi [Russian] Na rudnykh i ugol'nykh mestorozhdeniyakh metody yadernoj geofiziki primenyayutsya glavnym obrazom pri karotazhe razvedochnykh skvazhin. Na rudnykh i ugol'nykh mestorozhdeniyakh Sovetskogo Soyuza nakhodyat shirokoe proizvodstvennoe primenenie sleduyushchie vidy radioaktivnogo ili yadernogo karotazha (RK): plotnostnoj ili gamma-gamma karotazh (GGK) s istochnikom izlucheniya Co{sup 60}, selektivnyj gamma-gamma karotazh (SGGK) s istochnikom myagkogo izlucheniya tipa S75, nejtron-nejtronnyj karotazh (NNK) i nejtronnyj gamma karotazh s Ro-Ve istochnikom nejtronov, akti- vatsionnyj, v chastnosti nepreryvnyj, karotazh s tem zhe istochnikom, a takzhe foto-nej- tronnyj karotazh s gamma-izluchatelem Sb{sup 124}. Osnovnaya zadacha RK na rudnykh mestorozhdeniyakh - vydelenie rudnykh zon v razreze skvazhin, chto sokrashchaet intervaly oprobovaniya, i orientirovochnaya otsenka soderzhaniya poleznogo komponenta in situ. Na ugol'nykh mestorozhdeniyakh RK reshaet zadachu opredeleniya glubiny zaleganiya, moshchnosti i stroeniya ugol'nykh plastov. ' Metody GGK i SGGK osnovany na registratsii rasseyannogo gamma-izlucheniya istochnika. Pri dostatochnoj zhestkosti izlucheniya istochnika i slaboj chuvstvitel'nosti indikatora intensivnost' rasseyannogo izlucheniya zavisit tol'ko ot plotnosti porody i rasstoyaniya mezhdu istochnikom i indikatorom. EHto sluchaj GGK, kotorym ugol'nye plasty vydelyayutsya po maksimumam rasseyannogo izlucheniya. V SGGK sushchestvenna registratsiya myagkoj chasti spektra rasseyannogo izlucheniya

Chemical Effects of Nuclear Recoil in Organic Halide Systems: A New Theoretical Treatment and Experimental Verification of the Theory; Effets Chimiques du Recul Nucleaire dans des Systemes Organiques Halogenes: Nouveau Traitement Theorique et Verification Experimentale de la Theorie; Khimicheskie vozdejstviya yadernoj otdachi v organicheskikh galoidnykh sistemakh: novoe teoreticheskoe tolkovanie i ehksperimental'noe podtverzhdenie teorii; Efectos Quimicos del Retroceso Nuclear en Sistemas de Haluros Organicos: Nuevo Tratamiento Teorico y Verificacion Experimental de la Teoria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kontis, S. S.; Sanitwongs, P.; Weston, M. [Londonderry Laboratory for Radiochemistry, University of Durham, Durham (United Kingdom)

1965-04-15

Methods have been developed for calculating the organic retention of radiohalogen to be expected following neutron activation of mixtures of two organic halides and the corresponding free halogen. The methods are based on the concepts of the Libby ''billiard-ball'' process of hot-atom labelling and retentions are expressed in terms of two types of parameters: (1) the fractional chance that collision of a hot radiohalogen atom with a particular molecule will lead to retention of the hot atom in that molecule; (2) the upper and lower energy limits for what is termed a hot bromine atom. It is shown how the former type of parameter may be derived from experiments with binary mixtures of an organic halide and the corresponding free halogen: the second type of parameter must be deduced from nuclear and chemical data. These methods have been tested by studies on the systems C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} and C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}. The calculated retentions (using parameters derived from studies of the systems C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}, CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} and C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}) are in good agreement with those found experimentally in mixtures with a bromine mole-fraction greater than about 0.1. It is therefore considered that the Libby mechanism is adequate to explain the observed organic retentions in such mixtures. As the bromine mole-fraction is reduced, below 0.1 the observed retentions become progressively higher than calculated values. This is attributed to there being additional modes of hot-atom labelling which become operative when the bromine concentration is not high enough to give adequate radical scavenging. (author) [French] Lesauteuts ont mis au point des methodes pour calculer la retention organique du radiohalogene a laquelle on peut s'attendre apres activation par les neutrons de melanges de deux halogenures organiques et de l'halogene libre correspondant. Ces methodes sont basees sur les principes du mecanisme de la 'boule de billard' pour le marquage par l'atome chaud, auquel Libby a donne son nom, et les retentions sont exprimees en fonction de deux types de parametres, savoir: 1. la probabilite que le choc entre un atome chaud de radiohalogene et une molecule donnee determine la retention de l'atome chaud dans cette molecule; 2. les limites superieure et inferieure des energies pour lesquelles un atome de brome est dit chaud. Les auteurs montrent comment le premier type de parametre peut etre derive d'experiences sur des melanges binaires d'un halogenure organique et de l'halogene libre correspondant; le second type de parametre doit etre deduit des constantes nucleaires et chimiques. Des etudes sur les systemes C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} et C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2} ont permis de faire l'essai de ces methodes. Les valeurs de retention calculees (en Utilisant des parametres derives d'etudes des systemes C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}, CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} et C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}) concordent avec celles qui sont determinees experimentalement dans des melanges ou la fraction molaire de brome est superieure a 0,1 environ. Par consequent, les auteurs considerent que le mecanisme Libby permet d'expliquer les retentions organiques observees dans ces melanges. Lorsque la fraction molaire de brome devient inferieure a 0,1, les retentions observees augmentent progressivement par rapport aux valeurs calculees, ce qui est sans doute du au fait que d'autres modes de marquage par l'atome chaud interviennent lorsque la concentration en brome n'est pas assez elevee pour assurer un bon 'balayage' des radicaux. (author) [Spanish] Los autores elaboraron metodos para calcular la probable retencion organica de los halogenos radiactivos despues de activar con neutrones mezclas de dos haluros organicos y el correspondiente halogeno libre; Los metodos se basan en la teoria del proceso de ' bolas de billar ' de Hbby para la marcacion con atomos calientes; la retencion se expresa en funcion de dos tipos de parametros, a saber: 1) la probabilidad relativa de que ei choque de un atomo caliente de halogeno radiactivo con una molecula determinada produzca la retencion del atomo caliente en dicha molecula; 2) los limites energeticos superior e inferior dentro de los cuales el atomo de bromo puede considerarse caliente. Los autores demuestran como el primer tipo de parametro puede deducirse experimentalmente de mezclas binarias de un haluro organico y el correspondiente halogeno libre; el segundo tipo de parametro debe deducirse a partir de datos nucleares quimicos. Dichos metodos han sido ensayados en los sistemas C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} and C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}. Los valores calculados para las retenciones (empleando parametros derivados del estudio de los sistemas C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}, CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} and C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2})) eoncuerdan satisfactoriamente con los dalos hallados experimentalmeme en mezclas cuya fraccion molar de bromo es superior a 0,1. De esta manera se considera que el mecanismo propuesto por Libby permite explicar las retenciones organicas observadas en dichas mezclas. Cuando la fraccion molar de bromo se va reduciendo a valores inferiores a 0,1, las retenciones observadas se hacen progresivamente mayores que los valores calculados. Este fenomeno se atribuye a la existencia de otros modos de marcacion con atomos calientes, que entran en juego cuando la concentracion de bromo no es bastante elevada para eliminar adecuadamente los radicales en virtud de mecanismos de depuracion. (author) [Russian] Byli razrabotany metody rascheta organicheskogo uderzhanija radiogalogenov, kotorye mozhno ozhidat' vsledstvie nejtronnoj aktivacii smesej dvuh organicheskih galoidov i sootvetstvujushhih svobodnyh galogenov. Jeti metody osnovany na koncepcijah processa ''bil'jardnogo shara'' Libbi po mecheniju gorjachih atomov, i uderzhanija vyrazhajutsja v vide dvuh tipov parametrov, a imenno: 1) frakcionnaja vozmozhnost' togo, chto stolknovenie gorjachego atoma radioaktivnogo galogena s kakoj-to opredelennoj molekuloj privedet k uderzhaniju gorjachego atoma v toj molekule; 2) verhnie i nizhnie predely jenergij dlja tak nazyvaemogo gorjachego atoma broma. Pokazyvaetsja, kak pervyj tip parametra mozhet byt' vyveden iz jeksperimentov s binarnymi smesjami organicheskogo galoidnogo soedinenija i sootvetstvujushhego svobodnogo galogena: vtoroj tip parametra dolzhen vyvodit'sja iz jadernyh i himicheskih dannyh. Jeti metody proverjalis' s pomoshh'ju issledovanij na sistemah C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} i C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}. Vychislennye uderzhanija (s ispol'zovaniem parametrov, vyvedennyh iz issledovanij sistem C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}, CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} i C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}) horosho soglasujutsja s uderzhanijami, najdennymi jeksperimental'no v smesjah s frakciej grammolekuly broma bol'she 0,1. Takim obrazom, polagajut, chto mehanizm Libbi javljaetsja podhodjashhim dlja ob'jasnenija nabljudaemyh organicheskih uderzhanij v takih smesjah. Esli frakcija grammolekuly broma opuskaetsja nizhe OD, nabljudaemye uderzhanija stanovjatsja v progressivnoj stepeni vyshe, chem rasschitannye velichiny. Jeto ob{sup j}asnjaetsja dopolnitel'nymi vidami mecheni* gorjachih atomov, kotorye stanovjatsja dejstvujushhimi, esli koncentracija broma ne javljaetsja dostatochno vysokoj, chtoby dat' sootvetstvujushhuju ochistku radikala. (author)

The production of radioisotopes with a betatron using an internal bombarding technique; Production de radioisotopes par bombardement interne dans un betatron; Proizvodstvo radioizotopov s pomoshch'yu betatrona s ispol'zovaniem metoda vnutrennej bombardirovki; Obtencion de radioisotopos por bombardeo interno en el betatron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morinaga, H [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)

1962-01-15

pueden servir para la obtencion de isotopos. Con frecuencia es conveniente emplear isotopos de periodo corto debido a su rapida desintegracion, al hecho de que emitan radiaciones de alta energia y a la facilidad con que pueden obtenerse incluso sin necesidad de poseer conocimientos especiales. (author) [Russian] Razrabotan i uspeshno ispol'zuetsya novyj metod proizvodstva radioizotopov s vysokoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu s pomoshch'yu betatrona. Podvergaemye aktivatsii materialy pomeshchayutsya vnutr' vakuumnoj kamery betatrona v kontse slepogo tsilindra, ustanovlennogo izvne; takim obrazom, proby podvergayutsya bombardirovke pri odnoj atmosfere neposredstvenno za mishen'yu tormoznogo izlucheniya, gde intensivnost' radiatsii chrezvychajno vysoka. Aktivnost' pri nasyshchenii Cu{sup 62}, vyzvannaya v nebol'shoj chastitse medi, prevyshala 1 millikyuri, i poluchaemaya naivysshaya udel'naya aktivnost' priblizitel'no v 500 raz prevyshala aktivnost', vyzvannuyu v obychnom ustrojstve. Do sikh por ehtot metod vnutrennej misheni ispol'zuetsya tol'ko dlya rabot v oblasti yadernoj spektroskopii; bylo ustanovleno vosem' novykh vidov radioaktivnykh izotopov (Co{sup 63}, Ga{sup 75}, As{sup 81}, In{sup 121}, In{sup 123}, Tm{sup 173}, Tm{sup 175} i Ac{sup 231}). Gibkost' takogo metoda bombardirovki otkryvaet novye vozmozhnosti, t.k. meditsinskij, promyshlennyj, a takzhe issledovatel'skij betatrony mogut ispol'zovat'sya dlya proizvodstva izotopov. Korotkozhivushchie izotopy, kotorye chasto yavlyayutsya bolee udobnymi pri razlichnykh vidakh primeneniya vsledstvie ikh bystrogo raspada i obychno vysokoj ehnergii radiatsii, mogut byt' bystro polucheny bez kakogo-libo dopolnitel'nogo umeniya. (author)

Charge-storage techniques for pulse-height analysis; Techniques de stockage electrostatique pour l'analyse en amplitude d'impulsion; Metod nakopleniya zaryada dlya amplitudnogo analiza impul'sov; Tecnicas de almacenamiento de cargas para analisis de amplitud de impulsos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costrell, L; Brueckmann, R E [National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (United States)

1962-04-15

. Znachitel'naya chast' ehtoj raboty byla napravlena na sozdanie togo, chto my nazyvaem ''analizatorom nakopleniya zaryada'', osnovannogo na rabotakh, provodimykh v Natsional'nom byuro standartov. My zakonchili sozdanie analizatora nakopleniya zaryada, kotoryj ehkspluatiruetsya na sinkhrotrone Natsional'nogo byuro standartov moshchnost'yu 180 mehv pri provedenii ehksperimenta po yadernoj absorbtsii, na puti osushchestvleniya kotorogo, v inom sluchae, vstretilis' by ogromnye trudnosti. Analizator ispol'zuet vremennoe ehlektrostaticheskoe nakoplenie dlya sbora dannykh po amplitude impul'sov vo vremya mashinnykh vspyshek. Vo vremya mertvykh intervalov mezhdu vspyshkami soderzhanie vremennogo nakopleniya analiziruetsya i perevoditsya v obychnoe nakoplenie v magnitnykh serdechnikakh. Obsuzhdaetsya ispol'zovanie ehtogo metoda dlya nanosekundnykh impul'sov i predstavleny dannye, pokazyvayushchie ego osushchestvimost'. (author)

Pointing Out Main Factors from Design, Construction and Operating Experience of Existing Nuclear Plants for Assisting in Shaping Future Nuclear Power Programmes; Les principaux criteres degages de l'etude, de la construction et de l'exploitation des centrales nucleaires existantes et leur interet pour l'elaboration des futurs programmes d'energie d'origine nucleaire; Ukazanie osnovnykh faktorov proektirovaniya, stroitel'stva i opyta ehkspluatatsii sushchestvuyutsikh atomnykh ehlektrostantsij, chto dolzhno pomoch' pri sostavlenii budushchikh programm atomnoj ehnergetiki; Principales consideraciones relativas al diseno, construccion y explotacion de centrales nucleares, encaminadas a facilitar la preparacion de programas futuros de energia nucleoelectrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dalla Volta, F. [Comitato Nazionale per l' Energia Nucleare, Rome (Italy)

1963-10-15

The paper examines the most significant technical and economical indications which are emerging from design, construction and operation of the first full size nuclear power plants and which may be most helpful in shaping future additions to nuclear capacity, with particular regard to the stituation existing in Italy. The present status of manufacturers' technology and its continuous development in the course of existing projects have shown a positive trend toward reduction of both fuel-cycle and plant-component costs. This is further favoured by the increasing tendency toward bigger plant sizes and by the fact that power forecasting analyses of the electrical network suggest the opportunity of installing units of higher capacity for nuclear than for conventional plants on the basis of predicted changes in energy production expenses due to the addition of such new units. Concerning the design, construction and testing experience of existing types of stations, the paper reviews the main factors to take into account in future planning also in the light of construction and testing schedules. A certain emphasis is given to the problem of containment, because of the rewards on plant location which can be made possible by the development of very safe containers with little or no economic penalty, also taking advantage of the specific Italian situation on certain aspects of this problem. Concerning the operation experience of proven station types, the paper discusses their ability to meet network requirements and their availability, also in connection with the increasing role of nuclear capacity which is being planned in the country. Finally, the paper stresses the importance of the problem of data collection and interpretation from the three power stations now starting operation in Italy in assisting the planning of next installations. Hint is given to longer-range fuel-cycle planning on the basis of the existing framework. (author) [French] L'auteur expose les principaux enseignements qui ont ete fournis, aux points de vue technique et economique, par l'etude, la construction et l'exploitation des premieres centrales nucleaires, et qui peuvent etre particulierement utiles pour l'implantation de nouvelles centrales de ce genre dans l'avenir, notamment eu egard aux conditions qui regnent en Italie. La technologie actuelle des reacteurs et les progres qu'elle continue de faire revelent une tendance marquee vers la reduction du cout, non seulement des cycles de combustible, mais aussi des elements de la centrale. Cette evolution se trouve d'ailleurs favorisee par la tendance croissante a construire des centrales plus grandes et par le fait que l'etude du developpement du reseau electrique semble indiquer que, sur le plan economique, il y a plus d' avantage ainstaller des centrales nucleaires plus puissantes que d'augmenter la puissance des centrales classiques. Se fondant sur l'experience acquise concernant l'etu de, la construction et l'essai des divers types de centrales existantes, l'auteur donne un apercu des principaux facteurs dont il convient de tenir compte lors de l'etablissement des programmes futurs. Il insiste sur le probleme de l'isolement, vu les incidences favorables que peut avoir sur le choix du site de la centrale la mise au point d'ecrans de protection tres surs, qui puissent etre construits sans augmentation sensible du prix de revient, en tirant notamment parti, pour resoudre certains aspects de ce probleme, des conditions particulieres qui se trouvent reunies en Italie. Quant a l'experience du fonctionnement de certaines centrales d'un modele eprouve, l'auteur examine dans quelle mesure ces installations peuvent etre construites sans difficulte et satisfaire la demande du reseau; il se refere ici egalement au role croissant qu'il est prevu d'attribuer a l'energie d'origine nucleaire en Italie. Enfin, l'auteur souligne a quel point le rassemblement et l'interpretation des donnees relatives aux trois centrales, qui doivent incessamment entrer en service en Italie, aideraient a etablir les plans des installations futures. Il suggere la possibilite de prevoir des maintenant des cycles de combustible pour une plus longue periode. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se examinan las principales consideraciones de caracter tecnico y eco nomico relativas al diseno, construccion y explotacion de las primeras centrales nucleoelectricas a plena escala, y que mas pueden ayudar a preparar los planes futuros de expansion nuclear, con especial referencia a las condiciones que reinan en Italia. El estado actual de la tecnologia de los reactores y su evolucion continua en la ejecucion de los proyectos hasta ahora realizados, muestra una neta tendencia hacia la reduccion de los costos del ciclo de combustible y de los elementos componentes de las centrales. Contribuye a esta evolucion la tendencia cada vez mas acusada a construir centrales de mayores dimensiones, y el hecho de que las previsiones acerca de las condiciones futuras de la red electrica sugieren la conveniencia de instalar centrales nucleares de mayor capacidad que las centrales clasicas, en razon de la disminucion que experimentaran los gastos de produccion gracias a la puesta en servicio de esas nuevas unidades. En lo que se refiere a la experiencia adquirida en e l diseno, construccion y pruebas de las centrales en funcionamiento, la memoria estudia los principales factores que han de tenerse en cuenta en la preparacion de planes para el futuro, tambien desde e l punto de vista de los programas de construccion y de pruebas. El autor insiste en el problema del confinamiento, en razon de la favorable influencia que sobre la elecion del emplazamiento de las centrales puede ejercer el perfeccionamiento de blindajes muy seguros, que podrian construirse sin aumento sensible del costo, teniendo en cuenta la especial situacion de Italia en lo que se refiere a ciertos aspectos del problema. En cuanto a la experiencia adquirida en la explotacion de centrales de tipo bien conocido, la memoria estudia en que medida estas instalaciones pueden construirse sin dificultades y satisfacer la demanda de la red; tambien en este aspecto se refiere al creciente papel que cabe atribuir en Italia a la energia nucleoelectrica. Por ultimo, la memoria re calca hasta que punto el acopio y la interpretacion de los datos relativos a las tres centrales nucleares que ahora comienzan a funcionar en Italia facilitarian el proyecto de instalaciones futuras. Alude a la posibilidad de establecer desde ya ciclos de combustible mas extensos. (author) [Russian] Rassmatrivayutsya naibolee vazhnye tekhnicheskie i ehkonomicheskie faktory, kotorye vyyavilis' pri proektirovanii, stroitel'stve i ehkspluatatsii pervykh promyshlennykh atomnykh ehlektrostantsij i kotorye mogut byt' ochen' poleznymi pri sozdanii v budushchem novykh atomnykh ehlektrostantsij, uchityvaya osoben-nosti uslovij v Italii. Nyneshnee sostoyanie tekhnologii proizvodstva i ee postoyannoe razvitie v khode osushchestvleniya proektov pokazali sushchestvovanie opredelennoj tendentsii k snizheniyu kak stoimosti toplivnogo tsikla, tak i stoimosti komponentov stantsii. Ehtomu takzhe blagopriyatstvuyut vozrastayushchaya tendentsiya k uvelicheniyu razmerov ehlektrostantsii i tot fakt, chto analiz ehnergeticheskogo prognoza ehnergosistemy govorit o nalichii blagopriyatnykh uslovij dlya stroitel'stva ehlektrostantsij bol'shej moshchnosti na yadernom toplive vmesto stantsij na obychnom toplive, iskhodya iz predskazannykh izmenenij v stoimosti proizvodstva ehnergii, obuslovlennykh uvelicheniem kolichestva atomnykh ehlektrostantsij. Rassmatrivayutsya osnovnye faktory, kotorye dolrsny byt' uchteny v budushchem pri planirovanii ehlektrostantsij s uchetom takzhe grafikov stroitel'stva i ispytaniya. Opredelennyj upor sdelan na problemu protivoavarijnoj obolochki s uchetom takzhe spetsificheskikh uslovij Italii v otnoshenii nekotorykh aspektov ehtoj problemy; v rezul'tate udobnogo razmeshcheniya ehlektrostantsii mogut tselikom ili bol'shej chast'yu okupit'sya raskhody po razrabotke ochen' nadezhnykh obolochek. Rassmatrivaetsya sposobnost' oprobirovannykh tipov stantsij udovletvoryat' trebovaniya ehnergosistemy i ikh prigodnost' takzhe v svyazi s uvelichayushchejsya rol'yu yadernykh ehlektrostantsij. I,nakonets, podcherkivaetsya vazhnost' problemy sbora i interpretatsii dannykh o rabote trekh ehlektrostantsij, ehkspluatatsiya kotorykh nachinaetsya v Italii, chto dolzhno pomoch' pri proektirovanii novykh stantsij. (author)

High-voltage-powered transistorized preamplifier; Pre-amplificateur transistorise avec alimentation haute tension; Vysokovol'tnyj ehnergeticheskij predvaritel'nyj usilitel' na tranzistorakh; Preamplificador transistorizado alimentado con alta tension

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilson, Jr, W E; Wakefield, A W [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

1962-04-15

transistorizado unico en su genero utilizado con gran exito en la Universidad de Washington. El circuito en cuestion tiene la particularidad de que el transistor esta alimentado con la alta tension suministrada al detector de radiaciones. Con los dos transistores de union PNP empleados en el preamplificador se obtiene una ganancia de tension unidad en un intervalo dinamico de 1 mV a 5 V. La tension de trabajo del transistor con carga en el emisor se estabiliza mediante un pequeno diodo Zener. El consumo de corriente de detector de centelleo distante que utiliza el circuito esta comprendido entre 0,35 y 0.65 mA cuando la alta tension suministrada varia entre 800 y 1500 V. El dispositivo alimenta 500 pies de cable coaxial de 52 {Omega} con una perdida de un 25% en la amplitud del impulso. Se ha utilizado con excelentes resultados, con detectores de centelleo alejados y detectores neutronicos de BF{sub 3}. (author) [Russian] Odnoj iz problem, chasto vstrechayushchikhsya v oblasti yadernoj ehlektroniki, yavlyaetsya problema svyazi signala, idushchego s impul'nogo detektora izluchenij vysokogo soprotivleniya, s liniej peredachi nizkogo soprotivleniya. Inymi slovami detektory izluchenij i svyazannoe s nimi schetnoe oborudovanie chasto razdelyayutsya znachitel'nym rasstoyaniem, poehtomu sleduet predusmatrivat' nadezhnye sredstva peredachi signala iz detektora v schetnuyu sistemu. Prakticheski dlya linii peredachi ispol'zuetsya koaksial'nyj kabel' s nizkim soprotivleniem, a dlya polucheniya trebuemoj soglasovannosti impedansov ispol'zuetsya skhema s katodnym vykhodom ili skhema s ehmitternym vykhodom. V dannom doklade daetsya opisanie unikal'noj skhemy s ehmitternym vykhodom, kotoraya uspeshno primenyalas' v Vashingtonskom universitete. Skhema ehmitternogo vykhoda yavlyaetsya unikal'noj v tom smysle, chto istochnikom ehnergii tranzistornoj skhemy sluzhit vysokoe napryazhenie, podavaemoe detektoru izlucheniya. Primenenie v predvaritel'nom usilitele dvukh splavlennykh tranzistorov s

A Survey of the Fuel Cycles Operated in the United Kingdom; Etude d'ensemble sur les cycles de combustible au Royaume-Uni; Obzor toplivnykh tsiklov, ispol'zuemykh v soedinennom korolevstve; Estudio de los ciclos de combustible utilizados en el Reino Unido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Allday, C. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Risley, Warrington, Lancs (United Kingdom)

1963-10-15

enriquecido tambien se puede utilizar como combustible oxido de uranio natural enriquecido con plutonio. En la memoria se resume la experiencia adquirida en la produccion de combustible de oxido para el AGR y en la explotacion del reactor y los planes para la regeneracion del combustible. Se examina la posibilidad de utilizar combustible de plutonio y se analizan las consecuencias que tendria su adopcion sobre los costos y el ciclo del combustible. Por ultimo, se destaca la importancia de los reactores Magnox y AGR en el programa energetico del Reino Unido. (author) [Russian] a ) Prirodnyj uran/topdivnyj tsikl ''Magnoks''. Soedinennoe Kor olevstvo izb ralo reaktor na prirodnom urane s grafitovym zam edli tel em i gazovy m okhlazhdeniem v kachestve osnovy programmy po yadernoj ehnergii. Ono ehkspluatirovalo ehti reaktory v Kolder-Kholle i Chepelkrosse v techenie semi det; reaktory v Berkli i Braduehlle v nastoyashchee vremya nakhodyatsya v stadii ehkspluatatsii, a reaktory v semi drugikh mestakh v stadii stroitel'stva ili planirovaniya. Toplivo dlya ehtikh reaktorov proizvoditsya na zavode v Springfilde i zatem perevozitsya dlya zagruzki k mestopolozheniyu reaktora. Posle oblucheniya i razgruzki toplivo transportiruetsya na zavod v Uindskejl dlya otdeleniya urana i plutoniya ot produktov deleniya. Daetsya opisanie opyta CK v oblasti konstruktsii i proizvodstva toplivnykh ehlementov, ehkspluatatsii reaktora, transportirovki obluchennogo topliva i posleduyushchej obrabotki topliva. Upominaetsya o povedenii topliva v reaktore i ob al'ternativnykh programmakh zagruzki l razgruzki toplivnykh ehlementov; ehta tema razrabatyvaetsya v drugikh trudakh. b) Reaktory, ispol'zuyushchie obogashchennoe toplivo. Soedinennoe Korolevstvo razrabatyvaet usovershenstvovannyj reaktors gazovym okhlazhdeniem AGE, prototip kotorogo voshel v stroj v 1963 godu. Toplivo proizvoditsya iz obogashchennoj okisi urana, zaklyuchennoj v obolochku iz nerzhaveyushchej stali, i Sudet pererabatyvat'sya posredstvom

Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kato, W Y; Dates, L R [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

estudiar las propiedades fisicas de los grandes reactores, altamente diluidos, de com- bustible metalico o ceramico, desprovistos de moderador o parcialmente moderados, con cuerpos de hasta 1500 l de volumen. Los autores describen detalladamente el ZPR-VI y analizan los criterios seguidos en el diseno de sus diversos componentes desde el punto de vista de la fisica de reactores. Asimismo, formulan algunas observaciones acerca de los procedimientos de explotacion y manejo del reactor, los peligros que se pueden presentar durante su funcionamiento, las tecnicas experimentales que conviene emplear y los costos de construccion. (author) [Russian] V programme razrabotki ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh kriticheskaya sborka yavlyaetsya ves'ma poleznym sredstvom dlya kontrolirovani ya vychislitel'nykh metodov, proverki sbornikov sechenij nejtronov i polucheniya vsekh parametrov reaktornoj fiziki, neobkhodimykh dlya proektirovaniya yadernoj ehnergeticheskoj sistemy. 'Poskol'ku ona yavlyaetsya prezhde vsego fizicheskoj sistemoj, proektirovanie kriticheskoj sborki stavit samo po sebe ryad trudnykh problem, ne vstrechayushchikhsya pri proektirovanii ehnergeticheskogo reaktora. Krome obychnykh voprosov, svyazannykh s mestoraspolozheniem , obolochkoj reaktora, raschetom aktivnoj zony i kontrol'no-izmeritel'nym i priborami, voznikayut takie problemy, kak dostizhenie vysokoj stepeni gibkosti, sovmestimoj s bezopasnost'yu, opredelenie razmerov i tipa ustanovki, udovletvoryayushchi kh trebovaniyam ehksperimental'noj fiziki, opredelenie chisla i razmeshcheniya reguliruyushchikh i avarijnykh sterzhnej, svodyashchikh k minimumu posledstviya vozmushchenij, i spetsifikatsiya vosproizvodimost i reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej i drugikh podvizhnykh komponentov s tem, chtoby obespechit' toch- nost', neobkhodimuyu pri izmereniyakh reaktivnosti. EHto lish' nekotorye iz problem, kotorye obsuzhdayutsya v nastoyashchem doklade, osnovannom na poslednem ehksperimente v Argonnskoj natsional

Analyser for fast single events; Analyseur d'evenements rapides simples; Analizator bystrykh odnokratnykh yavlenij; Analizador de sucesos rapidos no recurrentes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sedlmeyer, J W; Patten, R B; Fussell, L Jr [Edgerton, Germeshausen And Grier, Inc., Las Vegas, NV (United States)

1962-04-15

otrezki dostigaetsya pri pomoshchi vremennogo selektornogo impul'sa i intervala vremeni mezhdu otborom obraztsov, prichem i tot i drugoj mogut regulirovat'sya nezavisimo drug ot druga, nachinaya priblizitel'no s 4 nanosekund. Intervaly vremeni mogut zadavat'sya v nelinejnom poryadke, a razbros mezhdu nimi ne prevyshaet 0,5 nanosekund. Do nastoyashchego vremeni skorost' otvetnoj reaktsii ogranichivaetsya kharakteristikami dioda. Kazhdoe otobrannoe napryazhenie rasshiryaetsya v konture, kotoryj sokhranyaet amplitudu ehtogo napryazheniya. Udalos' osushchestvit' rasshirenie po vremeni v 10{sup 8} raz s sokhraneniem khoroshej ustojchivosti. Tochki pokazanij mogut soobshchat'sya i peredavat'sya po otkrytomu provodu v nizkochastotnoe registriruyushchee ustrojstvo, oni mogut byt' prevrashcheny v tsifrovye dannye dlya bystroj ikh obrabotki s pomoshch'yu obychnogo oborudovaniya; krome togo, ili vmesto ehtogo, oni mogut byt' dany vizual'no. Analizator imeet preimushchestva po sravneniyu s vysokoskorostnoj ostsiloskopiej, kogda trebuetsya provodit' individual'nyj analiz bol'shogo chisla odnokratnykh perekhodyashchikh signalov; ehto trebuetsya pri izuchenii kolebanij otvetnykh reaktsij sistem ili pri proizvodstvennykh ispytaniyakh komponentov. Analizator imeet preimushchestva, kogda analiz dannykh dolzhen proizvodit'sya neposredstvenno za poyavleniem signala; otpadaet neobkhodimost' proyavlyat' plenki ili prochityvat' ikh. Analizator udoben takzhe v tekh sluchayakh, kogda schetno-analiziruyushchij tsentr raspolozhen daleko ot mesta poyavleniya signala. EHtot metod shiroko primenyaetsya v oblasti yadernoj ehnergii. Metod pul'siruyushchikh nejtronov mozhet byt' primenen dlya bystrogo izucheniya kolebanij rezhima reaktorov i podkriticheskikh sborok. Mogut byt' opredeleny parametry nakopleniya i raspada detektorov i odnovremenno provodit'sya analiz statisticheskikh dannykh i kolebanij. Mozhet izmeryat'sya forma impul'sov radiatsionnykh voln, proizvodimykh yadernymi uskoritelyami. S

Shippingport Atomic Power Station Operating Experience, Developments and Future Plans; La centrale nucleaire de Shippingport, experience de son fonctionnement et plans pour l'avenir; Shippingportskaya atomnaya ehlektrostantsij, opyt ehkspluatatsii, usovershenstvovaniya i plany na budushchee; Central nucleoelectrica de Shippingport; experiencia adquirida con su explotacton y programa de desarrollo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feinroth, H. [Division of Reactor Development, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States); Oldham, G. M. [Shippingport Atomic Power Station, Duquesne Light Company, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Stiefel, J. T. [Bettis Atomic Power.Labora Tory, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

1963-10-15

elevada densidad de potencia, el denominado cuerpo No. 2. Con una potencia nominal bruta de 150 MW(e) y una duracion equivalente a 10 000 h de funcionamiento a plena potencia, el cuerpo No. 2 dara una produccion de energia 5,5 mayor que la del cuerpo No. 1 y su potencia especifica sera el doble de la de este ultimo. Se describen las caracteristicas de diseflo del cuerpo No. 2 y se resumen los principales adelantos en materia de fisica de reactores, metalurgia, transmision de calor, circulacion de fluidos, y elaboracion de elementos combustibles. Por ultimo, se describen los planes para la descontaminacion de la central nuclear y para introducir en la misma las modificaciones exigidas por la instalacion del cuerpo No. 2, de mayor potencia. (author) [Russian] Daetsya otsenka pyati godam ehkspluatatsii i ispytanie Shippingportskoj ehlektrostantsii, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya poslednie tekhnicheskie usovershenstvovaniya i programma na budushchee. Ehta programma napravlena na usovershenstvovanie osnovnoj tekhnologii reaktorov na obychnoj vode s tem; chtoby sozdat' osnovu dlya umen'sheniya v budushchem stoimosti yadernoj ehlektroehnergii. Shippingportskaya reaktornaya ustanovka, ehkspluatirovavshayasya pyat' let, priznana godnoj dlya legkogo podklyucheniya k sisteme ehnergosnabzheniya v kachestve ustanovki dlya bazovoj ili pikovoj nagruzok. Rabota komponentov ustanovki byla nadezhnoj. Ne voznikalo problem, svyazannykh s zagryazneniem ili udaleniem otkhodov. Dostup k komponentam pervichnoj sistemy okhlazhdeniya dlya ikh obsluzhivaniya 'byl khoroshim, chto pokazyvaet tselostnost' toplivnykh ehlementov. Kazhdaya iz trekh operatsij po zamene topliva v reaktore s momenta ego puska trebovala vse men'she i men'she vremeni. Nedavno byla ustanovlena tret'ya zapal'naya sborka, na chto potrebovalos' 32 rabochikh dnya, t.e. okolo odnoj chetverti vremeni, potrachennogo na pervuyu zamenu topliva. Opisany ofitsial'nye trebovaniya v otnoshenii podgotovki personala, pis

EDITORIAL: Siberia Integrated Regional Study: multidisciplinary investigations of the dynamic relationship between the Siberian environment and global climate change

Science.gov (United States)

Gordov, E. P.; Vaganov, E. A.

2010-03-01

Observations, Modeling and Information Systems ed E P Gordov (Tomsk: Tomsk CSTI) 42 pp Gordov E P, Okladnikov I G and Titov A G 2007 Development of elements of a web-based information-computational system for studies of regional environment processes Comput. Technol. 12 20-8 Okladnikov I G, Titov A G, Melnikova V N and Shulgina T M 2008 Web-system for processing and visualization of meteorological and climatic data Comput. Technol. 13 64-9 Titov A G, Gordov E P, Okladnikov I G and Shulgina N M 2009 Web-system for processing and visualization of meteorological data for Siberian environment research International J. Digital Earth 2 105-19 Gordov E P and Lykossov V N 2007 Development of information-computational infrastructure for integrated study of Siberia environment Comput. Technol. 12 19-30 [14] Shokin Y I and Fedotov A M 2003 Integration of informational and telecommunicational resources of Siberian Branch of RAS Comput. Technol. 8 161-71 [15] Gordov E P, Kabanov M V and Lykossov V N 2006 Information-computational technologies for environmental science: young scientists training Comput. Technol. 11 3-15 Gordov E P and Lykossov V N 2008 ICT for environmental sciences: synthesis of science and education Comput. Technol. 13 3-11 [16] Baklanov A A and Gordov E P (eds) 2008 Enviro-RISKS: man-induced environmental risks: monitoring, management and remediation of man-made changes in Siberia. Final Scientific Report of EC 6FP CA Enviro-RISKS Project DMI Scientific Report 08-05 Copenhagen (ISBN: 978-87-7478-571-2) Four volumes available at www.dmi.dk/dmi/sr08-05-1.pdf, www.dmi.dk/dmi/sr08-052.pdf, www.dmi.dk/dmi/sr08-05-3.pdf and www.dmi.dk/dmi/sr08-05-4.pdf [17] Kobysheva N V (ed) 2001 Klimat Rossii (St Petersburg: Gidrometizdat) p 665 [18] Ippolitov I I, Kabanov M V and Loginov S V 2007 Spatiotemporal scales of warming observed in Siberia Reports of the Russian Academy of Sciences/Earth Science Section 413 248-51 [19] Shulgina T M, Genina E Yu, Gordov E P and Nikitchuk K 2009