Structure and mechanism of a bacterial t6A biosynthesis system

OpenAIRE

Luthra, Amit; Swinehart, William; Bayooz, Susan; Phan, Phuc; Stec, Boguslaw; Iwata-Reuyl, Dirk; Swairjo, Manal A

2018-01-01

Abstract The universal N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) modification at position 37 of ANN-decoding tRNAs is central to translational fidelity. In bacteria, t6A biosynthesis is catalyzed by the proteins TsaB, TsaC/TsaC2, TsaD and TsaE. Despite intense research, the molecular mechanisms underlying t6A biosynthesis are poorly understood. Here, we report biochemical and biophysical studies of the t6A biosynthesis system from Thermotoga maritima. Small angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals...

The structures of T6, T3R3 and R6 bovine insulin: combining X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Frankær, Christian Grundahl; Knudsen, Marianne Vad; Noren, Katarina

2012-01-01

The crystal structures of three conformations, T6, T3R3 and R6, of bovine insulin were solved at 1.40, 1.30 and 1.80 Å resolution, respectively. All conformations crystallized in space group R3. In contrast to the T6 and T3R3 structures, different conformations of the N-terminal B-chain residue Phe......B1 were observed in the R6 insulin structure, resulting in an eightfold doubling of the unit-cell volume upon cooling. The zinc coordination in each conformation was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), including both EXAFS and XANES. Zinc adopts a tetrahedral coordination in all R3 sites...... molecules, as well as in other high-resolution insulin structures. As the radiation dose for XRD experiments is two orders of magnitude higher compared with that of XAS experiments, the single crystals were exposed to a higher degree of radiation damage that affected the zinc coordination in the T3 sites...

Searching for the sup 5 H resonance for the t+n+n system

CERN Document Server

Meister, M; García-Borge, M J; Chulkov, L V; Elze, T W; Emling, H; Geissel, H; Hellström, M; Jonson, B; Kratz, J V; Kulessa, R; Leifels, Y; Markenroth, K G; Münzenberg, G; Nickel, F; Nilsson, T; Nyman, G H; Pribora, V N; Richter, A; Riisager, K; Scheidenberger, C; Schrieder, G; Simon, H; Tengblad, O

2003-01-01

The unbound hydrogen isotopes sup 4 sup , sup 5 H have been studied in the one-proton knockout channel of sup 6 He (240 MeV/u) impinging on a carbon target. The triton fragments originating from this channel were detected in coincidence with neutrons. Relative energy spectra as well as energy and angular correlations have been studied for the t+n and t+n+n systems. The analysis of the energy and angular correlations by the method of hyperspherical harmonic expansion allows to determine the relative weights of the most relevant partial waves in the three-body t+n+n final state. It is shown that the neutrons to a large extent occupy the p-shell and that the I suppi = 1/2 sup + state is strongly populated as expected for the sup 5 H ground state. No evidence for a narrow resonance in the t+n+n system is obtained, instead a broad structure peaked at 3 MeV above the threshold with about 6 MeV as a full width at half maximum is observed. The two-body t+n system reveals a resonance compatible with earlier results fo...

IPv6:n käyttöönotto PK-yrityksessä

OpenAIRE

Salonen, Arttu Petteri

2011-01-01

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää, kuinka IPv6-yhteydet otetaan käyt-töön PK-yrityksessä. Työssä selvitetään minkälaiset vaatimukset IPv6 asettaa lait-teistolle ja minkälaisia käytännön asioita yrityksen täytyy huomioida IPv6:n käyt-töönotossa. Lisäksi työssä on laboratoriosimulaation avulla havainnollistettu eri käyt-töjärjestelmien tukea IPv6:lle ja käyttöönottoon liittyviä reititin- ja osoitekonfiguraati-oita. Käyttöönoton lisäksi opinnäytetyössä esitellään IPv6-protokoll...

Studies of (n,t) reactions on light nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suhaimi, A.

1988-04-01

Cross Sections were measured with uncertainties of 13 to 21% for the reactions 9 Be(n,t)L 7 Li, 10 B(n,t)2α and 14 N(n,t) 12 C over various energy ranges. Irradiations were performed with thermal neutrons and neutrons produced via the reactions 2 H(d,n) 3 He and 9 Be(d,n) 10 B. The tritium produced and accumulated in the irradiated samples was separated by vacuum extraction and measured in the gas phase using anticoincidence β - counting. The residual tritium content was determined for the enriched 10 B and AlN samples. The characteristics of tritium diffusion in B 4 C were studied by high-temperature release experiments. The Li impurity in the AlN sample was determined via neutron activation analysis. The average 9 Be(n,t) 7 Li cross sections lie between 3 and 14 mb for break-up neutrons produced by 17.5 to 31.0 MeV deuterons on a thick Be target. A comparison of the measured data with the values deduced from differential data and neutron spectral distributions shows agreement within ± 21%. The 10 B(n,t)2α cross sections in the neutron energy range of 0.025 eV to 10.6 MeV lie between 12 and 215 mb (with the maximum at about 5.5 MeV). The 14 N(n,t) 12 C cross sections in the neutron energy range of 5.0 to 10.6 MeV lie between 11 and 30 mb. The excitation function shows a fluctuation which is attributed to the decay properties of the compound nucleus 15 N. Detailed Hauser-Feshbach calculations show that the statistical model cannot satisfactorily describe the (n,t) cross section on light nuclei. (orig.)

Survival of T4aN0 and T3N+ laryngeal cancer patients: a retrospective institutional study and systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Khoueir, Nadim; Matar, Nayla; Farah, Chadi; Francis, Evana; Tabchy, Bassam; Haddad, Amine

2015-01-01

We aim to assess the correlation of tumor and nodal staging to survival in pT3N+ and T4aN0 laryngeal cancer with subgroup analysis within stage IVa (pT4N0 and pT3N2). Retrospective cohort study with systematic review of the literature. Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital (tertiary referral center). Laryngeal cancer patients' registries were reviewed from 1998 to 2012 selecting pT3N+ and pT4aN0 patients treated by primary total layngectomy. Overall survivals were compared using Log rank and Kaplan-Meier analysis. A systematic review was performed by 2 reviewers including all the articles reporting the outcome of these categories of patients. Online databases, including PubMed and EMBASE, were used. Reference sections of identified studies were examined for additional articles. Thirteen T3N+ patients and 19 T4aN0 patients treated by primary total laryngectomy were included. Five-year overall survival for T3N+, T3N2 and T4aN0 was respectively 33%, 32.1% and 73.7%. Due to the small sample, the difference was not significant. The systematic review revealed three articles reporting overall survival outcome for the T4N0 group and 6 articles for the T3N+. At 5years, the survival ranged from 62.5% to 73% in T4N0 and from 32.2% to 77% in T3N+. In advanced stage laryngeal cancer, T4aN0 tends toward a better survival than T3N+ especially when compared to T3N2 although they are grouped in the same TNM stage IVa. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thermal neutron calibration of a tritium extraction facility using the 6Li(n,t)4He/197Au(n,γ)198Au cross section ratio for standardization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bretscher, M.M.; Smith, D.L.

1980-08-01

Absolute tritium activities in a neutron-activated metallic lithium samples have been measured by liquid scintillation methods to provide data needed for the determination of capture-to-fission ratios in fast breeder reactor spectra and for recent measurements of the 7 Li(n,n't) 4 He cross section. The tritium extraction facility used for all these experiments has now been calibrated by measuring the 6 Li(n,t) 4 He/ 197 Au/n,γ) 198 Au activity ratio for thermal neutrons and comparing the result with the well-known cross sections. The calculated-to-measured activity ratio was found to be 1.033 +- 0.018. 2 figures, 20 tables

Differential cross section measurements for the 6Li(n,t)alpha reaction in the few MeV region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Devlin, Matthew J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Taddeucci, Terence N [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hale, Gerald M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Haight, Robert C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; O' Donnell, Johhn M [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2008-01-01

New measured differential cross sections of tritons and alpha particles following the {sup 6}Li(n,t){alpha} reaction are reported for incident neutron energies between 0.2 and approximately 20 MeV. The neutrons were produced by spallation at the WNR facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science CEnter (LANSCE), with the incident neutron energy determined by the time-of-flight method. Four E-{Delta}E telescopes were used at eight laboratory angles. These data have been incorporated into a prior R-matrix fit for the compound {sup 7}Li system, and result in an (n,t) reaction cross section that is 4% to 10% higher than previous evaluations in the 1-3 MeV incident neutron energy region.

Implantación de IPv6 : red, mecanismos de transición IPv4-IPv6, servicios de aplicación y migración de aplicaciones

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Hervella, Juan Francisco

2003-01-01

El presente proyecto fin de carrera trata los aspectos más importantes de la gestión y migración de las redes IP hacia el nuevo protocolo de red IPv6 y pone gran énfasis en experiencias de implantación de los mismos. A lo largo de este proyecto se profundiza sobre los distintos mecanismos de transición IPv4/IPv6 existentes, concretamente se describen y se prueban (en entornos Linux y FreeBSD) los siguientes: .Túneles 6t04, automáticos, configurados. .Mecanismo DSTM, TRT, ISATAP, NAT-PT. Tambi...

6d N=(1,0) theories on S{sup 1}/T{sup 2} and class S theories: part II

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohmori, Kantaro; Shimizu, Hiroyuki [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo,Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0022 (Japan); Tachikawa, Yuji [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo,Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0022 (Japan); Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo,Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 (Japan); Yonekura, Kazuya [Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo,Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 (Japan); School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton, NJ 08540 (United States)

2015-12-21

We study the T{sup 2} compactification of a class of 6d N=(1,0) theories that is Higgsable to N=(2,0) theories. We show that the resulting 4d N=2 theory at the origin of the Coulomb branch and the parameter space is generically given by two superconformal matter sectors coupled by an infrared-free gauge multiplet and another conformal gauge multiplet. Our analysis utilizes the 5d theories obtained by putting the same class of 6d theories on S{sup 1}. Our class includes, among others, the 6d theories describing multiple M5 branes on an ALE singularity, and we analyze them in detail. The resulting 4d theory has manifestly both the SL(2,ℤ) and the full flavor symmetry. We also discuss in detail the special cases of 6d theories where the infrared-free gauge multiplet is absent. In an appendix, we give a field-theoretical argument for an F-theoretic constraint that forbids a particular 6d anomaly-free matter content, as an application of our analysis.

O6-ethylguanine carcinogenic lesions in DNA: An NMR study of O6etG·T pairing in dodecanucloetide duplexes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalnik, M.W.; Li, B.F.L.; Swann, P.F.; Patel, D.J.

1989-01-01

High-resolution two-dimensional NMR studies are reported on the self-complementary d-(C1-G2-C3-O 6 etG4-A5-G6-C7-T8-T9-G10-C11-G12) duplex (designated O 6 etG·T 12-mer) containing two symmetrically related O 6 etG·T lesion sites located four base pairs in from either end of the duplex. Parallel studies were undertaken on a related sequence containing O 6 meG·T lesion sites (designated O 6 meG·T 12-mer) in order to evaluate the influence of the size of the alkyl substituent on the structure of the duplex and were undertaken on a related sequence containing G·T mismatch sites (designated G·T 12-mer duplex), which served as the control duplex. The exchangeable and nonexchangeable proton and the phosphorus nuclei have been assigned from an analysis of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) and correlated spectra of the O 6 etG·T 12-mer, O 6 meG·T 12-mer, and G·T 12-mer duplexes in H 2 O and D 2 O solutions. The distance connectivities observed in the NOESY spectra of the O 6 alkG·T 12-mer duplexes establish that the helix is right-handed and all of the bases adopt an anti conformation of the glycosidic torsion angle including the O 6 alkG4 and T9 bases at the lesion site. These observations establish that the O 6 alkG4 and T9 residues are stacked into the duplex and that the O 6 CH 3 and O 6 CH 2 CH 3 groups of O 6 alkG4 adopt a syn orientation with respect to the N 1 of the alkylated guanine. Since the O 6 -alkyl group adopts a syn orientation, the separation between the O 6 of O 6 alkG4 and the O 4 of T9 in the major groove is increased, preventing the formation of a short hydrogen bond between the N 1 ring nitrogen of O 6 alkG4 and the imino proton of T9

Clasificación de información táctil para la detección de personas

OpenAIRE

Gandarias, Juan M.; Gómez-de-Gabriel, Jesús Manuel; García-Cerezo, Alfonso

2017-01-01

Este artículo presenta el diseño de un efector final táctil y la aplicación de técnicas de inteligencia artificial para la detección de personas mediante un brazo manipulador ligero de 6 grados de libertad. Este efector está compuesto por un sensor táctil de alta resolución que permite obtener imágenes de presión. El sistema extrae información háptica en situaciones de catástrofe en las que, generalmente, existe baja visibilidad, con el propósito de evaluar el estado de las víctimas en funció...

The Efficiency of Delone Coverings of the Canonical Tilings MATH {cal T}(*(A_4)) -> T^*(A4) and MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) -> T^*(D6)

Science.gov (United States)

Papadopolos, Zorka; Kasner, Gerald

This chapter is devoted to the coverings of the two quasiperiodic canonical tilings MATH {cal T}(*(A_4)) -> T^*(A4) and MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) equiv {cal T}(*(2F)) -> T^*(D6) T^*(2F), obtained by projection from the root lattices A4 and D6, respectively. In the first major part of this chapter, in Sect. 5.2, we shall introduce a Delone covering MATH {cal C}(s_{{cal) T}(*(A_4)}) -> C^sT^*(A4) of the 2-dimensional decagonal tiling MATH {cal T}(*(A_4)) -> T^*(A4). In the second major part of this chapter, Sect. 5.3, we summarize the results related to the Delone covering of the icosahedral tiling MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) -> T^*(D6), MATH {cal C}_{{cal T}(*(D_6)}) -> CT^*(D6) and determine the zero-, single-, and double- deckings and the resulting thickness of the covering. In the conclusions section, we give some suggestions as to how the definition of the Delone covering might be changed in order to reach some real (full) covering of the icosahedral tiling MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) -> T^*(D6). In Section 5.2 the definition of the Delone covering is also changed in order to avoid an unnecessary large thickness of the covering.

Novel α-Oxoamide Advanced-Glycation Endproducts within the N6-Carboxymethyl Lysine and N6-Carboxyethyl Lysine Reaction Cascades.

Science.gov (United States)

Baldensperger, Tim; Jost, Tobias; Zipprich, Alexander; Glomb, Marcus A

2018-02-28

The highly reactive α-dicarbonyl compounds glyoxal and methylglyoxal are major precursors of posttranslational protein modifications in vivo. Model incubations of N 2 -t-Boc-lysine and either glyoxal or methylglyoxal were used to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the N 6 -carboxymethyl lysine and N 6 -carboxyethyl lysine reaction cascades. After independent synthesis of the authentic reference standards, we were able to detect N 6 -glyoxylyl lysine and N 6 -pyruvoyl lysine for the first time by HPLC-MS 2 analyses. These two novel amide advanced-glycation endproducts were exclusively formed under aerated conditions, suggesting that they were potent markers for oxidative stress. Analogous to the well-known Strecker degradation pathway, leading from amino acids to Strecker acids, the oxidation of an enaminol intermediate is suggested to be the key mechanistic step. A highly sensitive workup for the determination of AGEs in tissues was developed. In support of our hypothesis, the levels of N 6 -glyoxylyl lysine and N 6 -pyruvoyl lysine in rat livers indeed correlated with liver cirrhosis and aging.

Comparative effects of n-3, n-6 and n-9 unsaturated fatty acid-rich diet consumption on lupus nephritis, autoantibody production and CD4+ T cell-related gene responses in the autoimmune NZBWF1 mouse.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James J Pestka

Full Text Available Mortality from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, a prototypical autoimmune disease, correlates with the onset and severity of kidney glomerulonephritis. There are both preclinical and clinical evidence that SLE patients may benefit from consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA found in fish oil, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we employed the NZBWF1 SLE mouse model to compare the effects of dietary lipids on the onset and severity of autoimmune glomerulonephritis after consuming: 1 n-3 PUFA-rich diet containing docosahexaenoic acid-enriched fish oil (DFO, 2 n-6 PUFA-rich Western-type diet containing corn oil (CRN or 3 n-9 monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA-rich Mediterranean-type diet containing high oleic safflower oil (HOS. Elevated plasma autoantibodies, proteinuria and glomerulonephritis were evident in mice fed either the n-6 PUFA or n-9 MUFA diets, however, all three endpoints were markedly attenuated in mice that consumed the n-3 PUFA diet until 34 wk of age. A focused PCR array was used to relate these findings to the expression of 84 genes associated with CD4+ T cell function in the spleen and kidney both prior to and after the onset of the autoimmune nephritis. n-3 PUFA suppression of autoimmunity in NZBWF1 mice was found to co-occur with a generalized downregulation of CD4+ T cell-related genes in kidney and/or spleen at wk 34. These genes were associated with the inflammatory response, antigen presentation, T cell activation, B cell activation/differentiation and leukocyte recruitment. Quantitative RT-PCR of representative affected genes confirmed that n-3 PUFA consumption was associated with reduced expression of CD80, CTLA-4, IL-10, IL-18, CCL-5, CXCR3, IL-6, TNF-α and osteopontin mRNAs in kidney and/or spleens as compared to mice fed n-6 PUFA or n-9 MUFA diets. Remarkably, many of the genes identified in this study are currently under consideration as biomarkers and/or biotherapeutic targets for SLE and other

Efecto de los ciclos térmicos de soldadura por arco eléctrico indirecto modificado (AEIM en las propiedades mecánicas de la aleación AA6061-T6

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ambriz, Ricardo R.

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Results of temperature measurements during welding of 12.7 mm thick AA6061-T6 alloy plates by modified indirect electric arc (MIEA are presented. This study describes the thermal cycles of the heat affected zone (HAZ and also in the fusion zone. Depending upon the position of the transducers, the maximum temperatures measured in the HAZ range from 308 to 693 °C, these measurements were related with the tensile test results, and the failure zone reported previously by the authors [1]. It was observed that, there is a decrease in the mechanical strength of the welded joints, due to the microstructural changes suffered by AA6061-T6 alloy in which formation of the β’ occurs according to the TTT transformation diagram. The inherent cooling conditions of the weld pool observed for the MIEA technique (only one pass of welding, have permitted to establish the characteristics of solidification and microstructure for a specific cooling rate.

Se presentan los resultados de medición de temperatura durante la soldadura por arco eléctrico indirecto modificado (AEIM de la aleación AA6061-T6. Éstas, describen los ciclos térmicos de la zona afectada por el calor (ZAC y en la zona de fusión. Los resultados muestran que las temperaturas máximas medidas en la ZAC se encuentran en un rango de 308 a 693 °C, dependiendo de la posición de los sensores, estas mediciones fueron correlacionadas con los resultados de resistencia a la tracción y la zona de fallo, reportados previamente por los autores[1]. Se observó que existe una disminución en la resistencia mecánica de las uniones, debido a los cambios microestructurales por la formación de precipitados sobreenvejecidos, β’, de acuerdo con su diagrama de transformación (TTT. Las condiciones de enfriamiento en el baño fundido inherentes a la técnica por AEIM (un solo paso de soldadura, permitieron establecer las características de solidificación y microestructura esperada

GEANT4 simulation of the neutron background of the C{sub 6}D{sub 6} set-up for capture studies at n{sub T}OF

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Žugec, P., E-mail: pzugec@phy.hr [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (Croatia); Colonna, N. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari (Italy); Bosnar, D. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (Croatia); Altstadt, S. [Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Frankfurt (Germany); Andrzejewski, J. [Uniwersytet Łódzki, Lodz (Poland); Audouin, L. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay (France); Barbagallo, M. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari (Italy); Bécares, V. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain); Bečvář, F. [Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Belloni, F. [Commissariat à l' Énergie Atomique (CEA) Saclay – Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Berthoumieux, E. [Commissariat à l' Énergie Atomique (CEA) Saclay – Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Billowes, J. [University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester (United Kingdom); Boccone, V.; Brugger, M.; Calviani, M. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Calviño, F. [Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain); Cano-Ott, D. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain); Carrapiço, C. [Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa (Portugal); Cerutti, F. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); and others

2014-10-01

The neutron sensitivity of the C{sub 6}D{sub 6} detector setup used at n{sub T}OF facility for capture measurements has been studied by means of detailed GEANT4 simulations. A realistic software replica of the entire n{sub T}OF experimental hall, including the neutron beam line, sample, detector supports and the walls of the experimental area has been implemented in the simulations. The simulations have been analyzed in the same manner as experimental data, in particular by applying the Pulse Height Weighting Technique. The simulations have been validated against a measurement of the neutron background performed with a {sup nat}C sample, showing an excellent agreement above 1 keV. At lower energies, an additional component in the measured {sup nat}C yield has been discovered, which prevents the use of {sup nat}C data for neutron background estimates at neutron energies below a few hundred eV. The origin and time structure of the neutron background have been derived from the simulations. Examples of the neutron background for two different samples are demonstrating the important role of accurate simulations of the neutron background in capture cross-section measurements.

Chitin-induced T6SS in Vibrio cholerae is dependent on ChiS activation.

Science.gov (United States)

Chourashi, Rhishita; Das, Suman; Dhar, Debarpan; Okamoto, Keinosuke; Mukhopadhyay, Asish K; Chatterjee, Nabendu Sekhar

2018-05-01

Vibrio cholerae regularly colonizes the chitinous exoskeleton of crustacean shells in the aquatic region. The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) in V. cholerae is an interbacterial killing device. This system is thought to provide a competitive advantage to V. cholerae in a polymicrobial community of the aquatic region under nutrient-poor conditions. V. cholerae chitin sensing is known to be initiated by the activation of a two-component sensor histidine kinase ChiS in the presence of GlcNAc2 (N,N'-diacetylchitobiose) residues generated by the action of chitinases on chitin. It is known that T6SS in V. cholerae is generally induced by chitin. However, the effect of ChiS activation on T6SS is unknown. Here, we found that ChiS inactivation resulted in impaired bacterial killing and reduced expression of T6SS genes. Active ChiS positively affected T6SS-mediated natural transformation in V. cholerae. ChiS depletion or inactivation also resulted in reduced colonization on insoluble chitin surfaces. Therefore, we have shown that V. cholerae colonization on chitinous surfaces activates ChiS, which promotes T6SS-dependent bacterial killing and horizontal gene transfer. We also highlight the importance of chitinases in T6SS upregulation.

Synthesis, NMR spectral and antimicrobial studies of some [N-methyl-3t-alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ylidine]-5‧-methylthiazolidine-4-ones

Science.gov (United States)

Prakash, S. M.; Pandiarajan, K.; Kumar, S.

2013-06-01

Four new [N-methyl-3t-alkyl-2r,6c-diaryl-4-ylidine]-5'-methylthiozolidin-4-ones 9-12 have been synthesized by the condensation of N-methyl-3t-alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-one thiosemicarbazones with ethyl 2-bromopropionate. These compounds have been characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral techniques. HOMOCOSY, HSQC and HMBC spectral study have been done for [N-methyl-3,3-dimethyl-2r,6c-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-ylidine]-5'-methylthiazolidine-4-one (12). Two geometrical isomers are formed in this reaction. In all these compounds piperidin rings adopt chair conformation. The rotation of the aryl group at C-2 is rather slow in 10-12. Antimicrobial activities have also been studied for 9-12. These compounds are active against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains.

pVT-Second Virial Coefficients B(T ), Viscosity η(T ), and Self-Diffusion ρD(T) of the Gases: BF3, CF4, SiF4, CCl4, SiCl4, SF6, MoF6, WF6, UF6, C(CH3)4, and Si(CH3)4 Determined by Means of an Isotropic Temperature-Dependent Potential

Science.gov (United States)

Zarkova, L.; Hohm, U.

2002-03-01

We present results on self-consistent calculations of second pVT-virial coefficients B(T), viscosity data η(T), and diffusion coefficients ρD(T) for eleven heavy globular gases: boron trifluoride (BF3), carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF6), tungsten hexafluoride (WF6), uranium hexafluoride (UF6), tetramethyl methane (C(CH3)4, TMM), and tetramethyl silane (Si(CH3)4, TMS). The calculations are performed mainly in the temperature range between 200 and 900 K by means of isotropic n-6 potentials with temperature-dependent separation rm(T) and potential well depth ɛ(T). The potential parameters at T=0 K (ɛ, rm, n) and the enlargement of the first level radii δ are obtained solving an ill-posed problem of minimizing the squared deviations between experimental and calculated values normalized to their relative experimental error. The temperature dependence of the potential is obtained as a result of the influence of vibrational excitation on binary interactions. This concept of the isotropic temperature-dependent potential (ITDP) is presented in detail where gaseous SF6 will serve as an example. The ITDP is subsequently applied to all other gases. This approach and the main part of the results presented here have already been published during 1996-2000. However, in some cases the data are upgraded due to the recently improved software (CF4, SF6) and newly found experimental data (CF4, SiF4, CCl4, SF6).

Performance Evaluation of the T6 Ion Engine

Science.gov (United States)

Snyder, John Steven; Goebel, Dan M.; Hofer, Richard R.; Polk, James E.; Wallace, Neil C.; Simpson, Huw

2010-01-01

The T6 ion engine is a 22-cm diameter, 4.5-kW Kaufman-type ion thruster produced by QinetiQ, Ltd., and is baselined for the European Space Agency BepiColombo mission to Mercury and is being qualified under ESA sponsorship for the extended range AlphaBus communications satellite platform. The heritage of the T6 includes the T5 ion thruster now successfully operating on the ESA GOCE spacecraft. As a part of the T6 development program, an engineering model thruster was subjected to a suite of performance tests and plume diagnostics at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The engine was mounted on a thrust stand and operated over its nominal throttle range of 2.5 to 4.5 kW. In addition to the typical electrical and flow measurements, an E x B mass analyzer, scanning Faraday probe, thrust vector probe, and several near-field probes were utilized. Thrust, beam divergence, double ion content, and thrust vector movement were all measured at four separate throttle points. The engine performance agreed well with published data on this thruster. At full power the T6 produced 143 mN of thrust at a specific impulse of 4120 seconds and an efficiency of 64%; optimization of the neutralizer for lower flow rates increased the specific impulse to 4300 seconds and the efficiency to nearly 66%. Measured beam divergence was less than, and double ion content was greater than, the ring-cusp-design NSTAR thruster that has flown on NASA missions. The measured thrust vector offset depended slightly on throttle level and was found to increase with time as the thruster approached thermal equilibrium.

Triiodothyronine (T3)-associated upregulation and downregulation of nuclear T3 binding in the human fibroblast cell (MRC-5)--stimulation of malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase by insulin, but not by T3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Matzen, L E; Kristensen, S R; Kvetny, J

1991-01-01

The specific nuclear binding of triiodothyronine (T3) (NBT3) and the activity of malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase (6PGD) were studied in the human fibroblast cell (MRC-5). The overall apparent binding affinity (Ka) was 2.7 x 10(9) L.......mol-1 estimated from kinetic studies of nuclear T3 binding, and 2.5 x 10(9) L.mol-1 estimated from equilibrium studies. The scatchard plots were curvilinear and composed of a high-affinity binding site with Ka1 3.4 +/- 0.7 x 10(9) L.mol-1 and maximal binding capacity (MBC) MBC1 57.0 +/- 11.9 fmol/mg DNA...... and a low-affinity binding site with Ka2 2.9 +/- 1.1 x 10(8) L.mol-1 and MBC2 124.7 +/- 22.1 fmol/mg DNA (n = 6). Incubation of cells with 6 nmol/L T3 for 20 hours reduced NBT3 to 62.2% +/- 15.7% (P less than .01, n = 11). The Ka estimated from kinetic studies was reduced to 6.7 x 10(7) L.mol-1...

4.- 6.-Luokkalaisten odotukset ja toiveet Jyväskylän seurakunnan toiminnalta

OpenAIRE

Leppänen, Hanna-Maire

2014-01-01

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää 4.-6. luokkalaisten odotukset ja toiveet Jyväskylän seurakunnan toiminnalta, jotta työntekijät tavoittaisivat kohderyhmän pa-remmin ja heille voitaisiin järjestää mielekästä ja osallistavaa toimintaa. Työn hankkeisti Jyväskylän seurakunta. Teoriaosassa käsiteltiin kirkon varhaisnuorisotyötä, osallistavaa toimintaa, Jyväskylän seurakunnan varhaisnuorisotyötä sekä varhaisnuorten kasvua ja kehitystä. Tutkimus toteutettiin internetkyselyllä Jy...

Mechanisms of the p(He 6,He 5)d, p(He 6,α)t and p(He 6,t)α reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heiberg-Andersen, Henning

2002-07-01

This work was devoted to nucleon induced transfer reactions having the potential to probe the sub-cluster structures of the benchmark halo nucleus He 6, without the question marks the necessarily omitted exchange effects tend to put behind the CRC results when both collision partners are composite systems. Still, the exchange complications entered the analysis in an ironic way: The high Q-value of the p(He 6,α)t and p(He 6, t)α reactions caused sensitivity to the t - α optical potential at small radii, where the one-nucleon exchange effects are strongest. Since the attempt to throw them out of the extracted tau - α potential failed, it was necessary to extend the model space to avoid a too difficult modelling of the local equivalent t - α potential. By this step, all the complications originating from antisymmetrization within a larger model space entered the analysis. However, the persistent failures of the two-channel calculations of this and previous works can hardly be due to incorrect treatment of exchange effects only, so the loss of simplicity is probably illusory. Even at small angles, where the surface processes dominate, none of the two-channel calculations with various choices of t - α optical potentials managed to reproduce the p(He 6, α)t (p(He 6,t)α) data. This motivated inclusion of sequential transfers through the d + He 5 channel, where the sequential triton transfer process, included just for consistency in the coupling scheme of the four-channel calculation, turned out to be more influent than expected. The satisfactory reproduction of both the p(He 6, He 5)d and the p(He 6,α)t (p(He 6,t)α) data by the four-channel approach and the required re-normalization the real part of the p - He 6 optical potential are strong indications of substantial contributions from sequential transfer of the halo neutrons at this energy. The conclusions that can be drawn from this work are limited by the modest amount of available data. This limitation does

Mechanisms of the p(He 6,He 5)d, p(He 6,{alpha})t and p(He 6,t){alpha} reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heiberg-Andersen, Henning

2002-07-01

This work was devoted to nucleon induced transfer reactions having the potential to probe the sub-cluster structures of the benchmark halo nucleus He 6, without the question marks the necessarily omitted exchange effects tend to put behind the CRC results when both collision partners are composite systems. Still, the exchange complications entered the analysis in an ironic way: The high Q-value of the p(He 6,{alpha})t and p(He 6, t){alpha} reactions caused sensitivity to the t - {alpha} optical potential at small radii, where the one-nucleon exchange effects are strongest. Since the attempt to throw them out of the extracted tau - {alpha} potential failed, it was necessary to extend the model space to avoid a too difficult modelling of the local equivalent t - {alpha} potential. By this step, all the complications originating from antisymmetrization within a larger model space entered the analysis. However, the persistent failures of the two-channel calculations of this and previous works can hardly be due to incorrect treatment of exchange effects only, so the loss of simplicity is probably illusory. Even at small angles, where the surface processes dominate, none of the two-channel calculations with various choices of t - {alpha} optical potentials managed to reproduce the p(He 6, {alpha})t (p(He 6,t){alpha}) data. This motivated inclusion of sequential transfers through the d + He 5 channel, where the sequential triton transfer process, included just for consistency in the coupling scheme of the four-channel calculation, turned out to be more influent than expected. The satisfactory reproduction of both the p(He 6, He 5)d and the p(He 6,{alpha})t (p(He 6,t){alpha}) data by the four-channel approach and the required re-normalization the real part of the p - He 6 optical potential are strong indications of substantial contributions from sequential transfer of the halo neutrons at this energy. The conclusions that can be drawn from this work are limited by the

Obtaining the neutron time-of-flight instrument response function for a single D-T neutron utilizing n-alpha coincidence from the d(t, α) n nuclear reaction

Science.gov (United States)

Styron, Jedediah; Ruiz, Carlos; Hahn, Kelly; Cooper, Gary; Chandler, Gordon; Jones, Brent; McWatters, Bruce; Smith, Jenny; Vaughan, Jeremy

2017-10-01

A measured neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) signal is a convolution of the neutron reaction history and the instrument response function (IRF). For this work, the IRF was obtained by measuring single, D-T neutron events by utilizing n-alpha coincidence. The d(t, α) n nuclear reaction was produced at Sandia National Laboratories' Ion Beam Laboratory using a 300-keV Cockroft-Walton generator to accelerate a 2- μA beam, of 175-keV D + ions, into a stationary, 2.6- μm, ErT2 target. Comparison of these results to those obtained using cosmic-rays and photons will be discussed. Sandia National Laboratories.

Evaluation of the effect of Ni-P coating on the corrosion resistance of the aluminium 7075 T6 alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gil, L.

2008-02-01

Full Text Available The aluminum alloy 7075-T6 is a structural alloy widely used for aeronautical applications due to its high relationship between mechanical resistance and weight. Depending upon the environmental conditions, many types of corrosion mechanisms such as intergranular, exfoliation, have been found to occur in aircraft structural aluminum alloys. A significant advance in order to improve the behavior of this alloy is related to the application of the autocatalytic Ni-P coating which confers an excellent corrosion resistance coupled with both reduced erosive wear and higher hardness. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of the application of a Ni-P coating on the corrosion resistance of an aluminum 7075-T6 alloy. The results obtained indicated that the application of the Ni-P coatings diminishes the susceptibility to pitting and makes the aluminum 7075 T6 alloy immune to the exfoliation corrosion attack.

La aleación de aluminio 7075-T6 es una aleación estructural ampliamente utilizada para aplicaciones aeronáuticas, debido a su alta relación entre resistencia mecánica y peso. Dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales, algunos mecanismos de corrosion tales como intergranular, exfoliacion, picadura y crevice se ha encontrado que ocurren en estructuras de aviones de aleaciones de aluminio. Un avance siginificativo para mejorar el comportamiento de esta aleación es la aplicación de recubrimientos autocatalíticos de Ni-P, los cuales confieren una excelente resistencia a la corrosión acoplado con una reducción del desgaste erosivo y un aumento de la dureza. El propósito de este trabajo fue investigar el efecto de la aplicación de un recubrimiento de Ni-P sobre la resistencia a la corrosión de una aleación de aluminio 7075-T6. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la aplicación del recubrimiento de Ni-P disminuye la susceptibilidad a la picadura y hace a la aleación de aluminio 7075 T6, prácticamente inmune al ataque

Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Modulates the Host Immune Responses: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

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Guillermo E. Marcial

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 mitigates the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D in biobreeding diabetes-prone rats, in part, through changes in kynurenine:tryptophan (K:T ratios. The goal of this pilot study was to determine the safety, tolerance, and general immunological response of L. johnsonii N6.2 in healthy subjects. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 42 healthy individuals with no known risk factors for T1D was undertaken to evaluate subject responses to the consumption of L. johnsonii N6.2. Participants received 1 capsule/day containing 108 colony-forming units of L. johnsonii N6.2 or placebo for 8 weeks. Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP, leukocyte subpopulations by complete blood count (CBC and flow cytometry, serum cytokines, and relevant metabolites in the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase pathway were assessed. L. johnsonii N6.2 survival and intestinal microbiota was analyzed. Daily and weekly questionnaires were assessed for potential effects of probiotic treatment on general wellness. The administration of L. johnsonii N6.2 did not modify the CMP or CBC of participants suggesting general safety. In fact, L. johnsonii N6.2 administration significantly decreased the occurrence of abdominal pain, indigestion, and cephalic syndromes. As predicted, increased serum tryptophan levels increased resulting in a decreased K:T ratio was observed in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group. Interestingly, immunophenotyping assays revealed that monocytes and natural killer cell numbers were increased significantly after washout (12 weeks. Moreover, an increase of circulating effector Th1 cells (CD45RO+CD183+CD196− and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells subset was observed in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group. Consumption of L. johnsonii N6.2 is well tolerated in adult control subjects, demonstrates systemic impacts on innate and adaptive immune populations, and results in a decreased K:T ratio. These data provide support for the safety and feasibility of using L

Surprisingly Different Reaction Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Bis(trimethylsilyl)amides toward Bulky N-(2-Pyridylethyl)-N'-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)pivalamidine.

Science.gov (United States)

Kalden, Diana; Oberheide, Ansgar; Loh, Claas; Görls, Helmar; Krieck, Sven; Westerhausen, Matthias

2016-07-25

N-(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)-N'-(2-pyridylethyl)pivalamidine (Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N(H)-C2 H4 -Py) (1), reacts with metalation reagents of lithium, magnesium, calcium, and strontium to give the corresponding pivalamidinates [(tmeda)Li{Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N-C2 H4 -Py}] (6), [Mg{Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N-C2 H4 -Py}2 ] (3), and heteroleptic [{(Me3 Si)2 N}Ae{Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N-C2 H4 -Py}], with Ae being Ca (2 a) and Sr (2 b). In contrast to this straightforward deprotonation of the amidine units, the reaction of 1 with the bis(trimethylsilyl)amides of sodium or potassium unexpectedly leads to a β-metalation and an immediate deamidation reaction yielding [(thf)2 Na{Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N(H)}] (4 a) or [(thf)2 K{Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N(H)}] (4 b), respectively, as well as 2-vinylpyridine in both cases. The lithium derivative shows a similar reaction behavior to the alkaline earth metal congeners, underlining the diagonal relationship in the periodic table. Protonation of 4 a or the metathesis reaction of 4 b with CaI2 in tetrahydrofuran yields N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)pivalamidine (Dipp-N=C(tBu)-NH2 ) (5), or [(thf)4 Ca{Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N(H)}2 ] (7), respectively. The reaction of AN(SiMe3 )2 (A=Na, K) with less bulky formamidine Dipp-N=C(H)-N(H)-C2 H4 -Py (8) leads to deprotonation of the amidine functionality, and [(thf)Na{Dipp-N=C(H)-N-C2 H4 -Py}]2 (9 a) or [(thf)K{Dipp-N=C(H)-N-C2 H4 -Py}]2 (9 b), respectively, are isolated as dinuclear complexes. From these experiments it is obvious, that β-metalation/deamidation of N-(2-pyridylethyl)amidines requires bases with soft metal ions and also steric pressure. The isomeric forms of all compounds are verified by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and are maintained in solution. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Yacimiento Oro Castellano: evaluación y comparación de técnicas de estimación espacial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Q. Cuador-Gil

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Se evalúan y comparan distintas técnicas de estimación del contenido medio, que se usan en el control de ley, para determinar la que mejor se ajusta a las características de la mineralización del yacimiento Oro Castellano. Para ello se utilizó la información de la exploración de explotación de un sector del banco 95 de Susana, el cual se exploró en una red de 6 x 6 m. La simulación secuencial gaussiana fue usada para generar una imagen del sector, que posee la distribución estadística y la continuidad espacial del contenido de Au en los datos originales. El sector se simuló en una red de 1 x 1m, lo que generó 36 valores dentro de cada bloque de 6 x 6 m. El contenido de oro de cada bloque fue estimado usando cuatro métodos sencillos: inverso de la distancia al cuadrado, Kriging ordinario, vecino más cercano (método de los polígonos y la media aritmética de las muestras vecinas, que es el que tradicionalmente se emplea en el depósito. Para comparar los métodos se utilizó el error cuadrático medio (ECM del estimado del bloque respecto al “contenido real” y el porcentaje de los bloques, que son correctamente estimados como mena o estéril sobre la base de un cut off determinado. El estudio realizado pone en duda la idoneidad del método utilizado en el yacimiento y recomienda el empleo de técnicas de estimación que tomen en cuenta la continuidad espacial de la mineralización aurífera.

Grafting of the 6.6 nylon with N,N-dimethylacrylamide by using ionizing radiation in the vacuum and in presence of air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canavel, Valdir; Kawano, Yoshio

1997-01-01

The present work has as objectives the obtention and characterization of graft copolymer by irradiation. The polymer used was Nylon 6.6, the monomer was N, N-dimethylacrylamide and the solvent was the formic acid. The solutions were irradiated in 60 Co source in interval dose of 0-20 kGy at two different dose rates (o,20 and 1,02 kGy/h). The results showed that the values of grafting percentage increase or decrease depending of the type of reaction: crosslinking or chain scission. The T m values decreased with the increasing of the dose in both dose rate. (author)

TNP [N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl, N6-(p-nitrobenzylpurine] ameliorates diet induced obesity and insulin resistance via inhibition of the IP6K1 pathway

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarbani Ghoshal

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Objective: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D lead to various life-threatening diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, asthma, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, extensive research is ongoing to identify novel pathways that can be targeted in obesity/T2D. Deletion of the inositol pyrophosphate (5-IP7 biosynthetic enzyme, inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 (IP6K1, protects mice from high fat diet (HFD induced obesity (DIO and insulin resistance. Yet, whether this pathway is a valid pharmacologic target in obesity/T2D is not known. Here, we demonstrate that TNP [N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl, N6-(p-nitrobenzylpurine], a pan-IP6K inhibitor, has strong anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in DIO mice. Methods: Q-NMR, GTT, ITT, food intake, energy expenditure, QRT-PCR, ELISA, histology, and immunoblot studies were conducted in short (2.5-week- and long (10-week-term TNP treated DIO C57/BL6 WT and IP6K1-KO mice, under various diet and temperature conditions. Results: TNP, when injected at the onset of HFD-feeding, decelerates initiation of DIO and insulin resistance. Moreover, TNP facilitates weight loss and restores metabolic parameters, when given to DIO mice. However, TNP does not reduce weight gain in HFD-fed IP6K1-KO mice. TNP specifically enhances insulin sensitivity in DIO mice via Akt activation. TNP decelerates weight gain primarily by enhancing thermogenic energy expenditure in the adipose tissue. Accordingly, TNP's effect on body weight is partly abolished whereas its impact on glucose homeostasis is preserved at thermoneutral temperature. Conclusion: Pharmacologic inhibition of the inositol pyrophosphate pathway has strong therapeutic potential in obesity, T2D, and other metabolic diseases. Author Video: Author Video Watch what authors say about their articles Keywords: IP6K, Inositol pyrophosphate, Obesity, Energy expenditure, Diabetes, Akt

Assessment of read and write stability for 6T SRAM cell based on charge plasma DLTFET

Science.gov (United States)

Anju; Yadav, Shivendra; Sharma, Dheeraj

2018-03-01

To overcome the process variations due to random dopant fluctuations (RDFs) and complex annealing techniques a charge plasma based doping less TFET (CP-DLTFET) device has been proposed for designing of 6T SRAM cell. The proposed device also benefited by subthreshold slope, low leakage current, and low power supply. In this paper, to avoid the dependency of stability parameters of SRAM cell to supply voltage (Vdd), here N-curve metrics has been analyzed to determine read and write stability. Because N-curve provides stability analysis in terms of voltage and current as well as it gives combine stability analysis with the facility of an inline tester. Further, analyzing the N-curve metrics for different Vdd, cell ratio, and pull-up ratio assist in designing the configuration of transistors for the better read and write stability. Power metrics of N-curve gives the knowledge about read and write stability instead of using four metrics (SINM, SVNM, WTV, and WTI) of N-curve. Finally, in the 6T CP-DLTFET SRAM cell, read and write stability is tested by the interface trap charges (ITCs). The performance parameter of the 6T CP-DLTFET SRAM cell provides considerable read and write stability with less fabrication complexity.

Negative differential resistance and switch behavior of T-BxNy (x, y = 5, 6, 11) molecular junctions

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shi-Liang; Yang, Chuan-Lu; Wang, Mei-Shan; Ma, Xiao-Guang; Xin, Jian-Guo

2017-05-01

The electronic transport properties of T-BxNy (x, y = 5, 6, 11) molecular junction are investigated based on first-principle density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function method. Strong negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior is observed for T-B5N6 molecule under negative and positive bias voltages, with an obvious switch effect for T-B6N5. However, only small NDR is shown for the complex of the two molecules. The projected device density of states, the spatial distribution of molecular orbitals, and the effect of transmission spectra under various bias voltages on the electronic transport properties are analyzed. The obvious effect of bias voltage on the changes in the electronic distribution of frontier molecular orbitals is responsible for the NDR or switch behavior. Therefore, different functional molecular devices can be obtained with different structures of T-BxNy.

PROPUESTA DE CONEXIÓN DE ENTORNOS IPv6 MEDIANTE UN BACKBONE MPLS/IPv4

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nancy Yaneth Gelvez García

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Las redes actuales MPLS/IPv4 presentan las ventajas de poder implementar ingeniería de tráfico, así como realizar diferenciación de flujos mediante clases de servicio (CoS frente a las redes con enrutamiento IP tradicional. En aras de aprovechar cualidades estratégicas durante la etapa de coexistencia entre IPv4 e IPv6 existen 4 métodos para proveer conectividad a islas IPv6 [1] remotas a través de una infraestructura de core MPLS con IPv4 nativo [2], sin embargo una de las formas que permite un rápida y fácil provisión de la misma dados los mínimos requisitos de configuración y de equipos es la de disponer túneles IPv6 en los enrutadores de acceso (CE de la red. No obstante, sus cuatro variantes (manual, GRE, 6to4 e IPv6 compatible IPv4 [3] resultan adecuadas o no según las características inherentes de la red a interconectar; por tanto este artículo presenta las ventajas y desventajas propias de la utilización de cada técnica de entunelamiento como resultado de la interconexión con los cuatro tipos de túneles de una red emulada mediante GNS3+Dynamips.

Global translational impacts of the loss of the tRNA modification t6A in yeast

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Patrick C. Thiaville

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The universal tRNA modification t6A is found at position 37 of nearly all tRNAs decoding ANN codons. The absence of t6A37 leads to severe growth defects in baker’s yeast, phenotypes similar to those caused by defects in mcm5s2U34 synthesis. Mutants in mcm5s2U34 can be suppressed by overexpression of tRNALysUUU, but we show t6A phenotypes could not be suppressed by expressing any individual ANN decoding tRNA, and t6A and mcm5s2U are not determinants for each other’s formation. Our results suggest that t6A deficiency, like mcm5s2U deficiency, leads to protein folding defects, and show that the absence of t6A led to stress sensitivities (heat, ethanol, salt and sensitivity to TOR pathway inhibitors. Additionally, L-homoserine suppressed the slow growth phenotype seen in t6A-deficient strains, and proteins aggregates and Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs were increased in the mutants. The global consequences on translation caused by t6A absence were examined by ribosome profiling. Interestingly, the absence of t6A did not lead to global translation defects, but did increase translation initiation at upstream non-AUG codons and increased frame-shifting in specific genes. Analysis of codon occupancy rates suggests that one of the major roles of t6A is to homogenize the process of elongation by slowing the elongation rate at codons decoded by high abundance tRNAs and I34:C3 pairs while increasing the elongation rate of rare tRNAs and G34:U3 pairs. This work reveals that the consequences of t6A absence are complex and multilayered and has set the stage to elucidate the molecular basis of the observed phenotypes.

Construcción e inspección de túneles

OpenAIRE

Molinero Gómez, Sandra

2017-01-01

En el presente trabajo final de grado se abordan los temas principales de la construcción e inspección de túneles, haciendo un barrido histórico desde las primeras técnicas empleadas hasta la actualidad. Siempre ha existido una incertidumbre extra en obras subterráneas respecto a otro tipo de obras civiles, por desconocimiento del terreno. Esta ha propiciado la aparición de nuevos métodos de estudios preliminares como de técnicas, material a emplear etc para disminuir este r...

Impact and relationship of anterior commissure and time-dose factor on the local control of T1N0 glottic cancer treated by 6 MV photons

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Fu Yiu-Tung

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background To evaluate prognostic factors that may influence local control (LC of T1N0 glottic cancer treated by primary radiotherapy (RT with 6 MV photons. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 433 consecutive patients with T1N0 glottic cancer treated between 1983 and 2005 by RT in our institution. All patients were treated with 6 MV photons. One hundred and seventy seven (41% patients received 52.5 Gy in 23 fractions with 2.5 Gy/fraction, and 256 (59% patients received 66 Gy in 33 fractions with 2 Gy/fraction. Results The median follow-up time was 10.5 years. The 10-year LC rates were 91% and 87% for T1a and T1b respectively. Multivariate analysis showed LC rate was adversely affected by poorly differentiated histology (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 7.5, p = 0.035; involvement of anterior commissure (HR: 2.34, p = 0.011; fraction size of 2.0 Gy (HR: 2.17, p = 0.035 and tumor biologically effective dose (BED 15 (HR: 3.38, p = 0.017. Conclusions The negative impact of anterior commissure involvement could be overcome by delivering a higher tumor BED through using fraction size of > 2.0 Gy. We recommend that fraction size > 2.0 Gy should be utilized, for radiation schedules with five daily fractions each week.

TNP [N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine] ameliorates diet induced obesity and insulin resistance via inhibition of the IP6K1 pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghoshal, Sarbani; Zhu, Qingzhang; Asteian, Alice; Lin, Hua; Xu, Haifei; Ernst, Glen; Barrow, James C; Xu, Baoji; Cameron, Michael D; Kamenecka, Theodore M; Chakraborty, Anutosh

2016-10-01

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) lead to various life-threatening diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, asthma, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, extensive research is ongoing to identify novel pathways that can be targeted in obesity/T2D. Deletion of the inositol pyrophosphate (5-IP7) biosynthetic enzyme, inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 (IP6K1), protects mice from high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance. Yet, whether this pathway is a valid pharmacologic target in obesity/T2D is not known. Here, we demonstrate that TNP [N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine], a pan-IP6K inhibitor, has strong anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in DIO mice. Q-NMR, GTT, ITT, food intake, energy expenditure, QRT-PCR, ELISA, histology, and immunoblot studies were conducted in short (2.5-week)- and long (10-week)-term TNP treated DIO C57/BL6 WT and IP6K1-KO mice, under various diet and temperature conditions. TNP, when injected at the onset of HFD-feeding, decelerates initiation of DIO and insulin resistance. Moreover, TNP facilitates weight loss and restores metabolic parameters, when given to DIO mice. However, TNP does not reduce weight gain in HFD-fed IP6K1-KO mice. TNP specifically enhances insulin sensitivity in DIO mice via Akt activation. TNP decelerates weight gain primarily by enhancing thermogenic energy expenditure in the adipose tissue. Accordingly, TNP's effect on body weight is partly abolished whereas its impact on glucose homeostasis is preserved at thermoneutral temperature. Pharmacologic inhibition of the inositol pyrophosphate pathway has strong therapeutic potential in obesity, T2D, and other metabolic diseases.

Cerebellar tDCS does not affect performance in the N-back task.

Science.gov (United States)

van Wessel, Brenda W V; Claire Verhage, M; Holland, Peter; Frens, Maarten A; van der Geest, Jos N

2016-01-01

The N-back task is widely used in cognitive research. Furthermore, the cerebellum's role in cognitive processes is becoming more widely recognized. Studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have demonstrated effects of cerebellar stimulation on several cognitive tasks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cerebellar tDCS on cognitive performance by using the N-back task. The cerebellum of 12 participants was stimulated during the task. Moreover, the cognitive load was manipulated in N = 2, N = 3, and N = 4. Every participant received three tDCS conditions (anodal, cathodal, and sham) divided over three separated days. It was expected that anodal stimulation would improve performance on the task. Each participant performed 6 repetitions of every load in which correct responses, false alarms, and reaction times were recorded. We found significant differences between the three levels of load in the rate of correct responses and false alarms, indicating that subjects followed the expected pattern of performance for the N-back task. However, no significant differences between the three tDCS conditions were found. Therefore, it was concluded that in this study cognitive performance on the N-back task was not readily influenced by cerebellar tDCS, and any true effects are likely to be small. We discuss several limitations in task design and suggest future experiments to address such issues.

T N Avinash

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education. T N Avinash. Articles written in Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Volume 7 Issue 2 February 2002 pp 33-45 General Article. Untangling the Mystery of Alzheimer's Disease - Understanding Molecular Mechanisms for Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

Evaluation of the ability of N-terminal fragment of lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis for delivery of Mycobacterium T cell antigen ESAT-6 into cytosol of antigen presenting cells to elicit effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte response

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandra, Subhash; Kaur, Manpreet; Midha, Shuchi; Bhatnagar, Rakesh; Banerjee-Bhatnagar, Nirupama

2006-01-01

We report the ability of N-terminal fragment of lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis to deliver genetically fused ESAT-6 (early secretory antigen target), a potent T cell antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, into cytosol to elicit Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. In vitro Th1 cytokines data and CTL assay proved that efficient delivery of LFn.ESAT-6 occurs in cytosol, in the presence of protective antigen (PA), and leads to generation of effective CTL response. Since CTL response is essential for protection against intracellular pathogens and, it is well known that only single T cell epitope or single antigenic protein is not sufficient to elicit protective CTL response due to variation or polymorphism in MHC-I alleles among the individuals, we suggest that as a fusion protein LFn can be used to deliver multiepitopes of T cells or multiproteins which can generate effective CTLs against intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis. It can be used to enhance the protective efficacy of BCG vaccine

Association of Plasma Phospholipid n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Case-Cohort Study.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nita G Forouhi

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Whether and how n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs are related to type 2 diabetes (T2D is debated. Objectively measured plasma PUFAs can help to clarify these associations.Plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography among 12,132 incident T2D cases and 15,919 subcohort participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-InterAct study across eight European countries. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. We also systematically reviewed published prospective studies on circulating PUFAs and T2D risk and pooled the quantitative evidence for comparison with results from EPIC-InterAct. In EPIC-InterAct, among long-chain n-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (ALA was inversely associated with T2D (HR per standard deviation [SD] 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98, but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA were not significantly associated. Among n-6 PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA (0.80; 95% CI 0.77-0.83 and eicosadienoic acid (EDA (0.89; 95% CI 0.85-0.94 were inversely related, and arachidonic acid (AA was not significantly associated, while significant positive associations were observed with γ-linolenic acid (GLA, dihomo-GLA, docosatetraenoic acid (DTA, and docosapentaenoic acid (n6-DPA, with HRs between 1.13 to 1.46 per SD. These findings from EPIC-InterAct were broadly similar to comparative findings from summary estimates from up to nine studies including between 71 to 2,499 T2D cases. Limitations included potential residual confounding and the inability to distinguish between dietary and metabolic influences on plasma phospholipid PUFAs.These large-scale findings suggest an important inverse association of circulating plant-origin n-3 PUFA (ALA but no convincing association of marine-derived n3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA with T2D. Moreover, they highlight that the most abundant n6-PUFA (LA is inversely

Tensile fracture behaviors of T-ZnOw/polyamide 6 composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi Jing; Wang Yong; Liu Li; Bai Hongwei; Wu Jun; Jiang Chongxi; Zhou, Zuowan

2009-01-01

As a part of serial work about the application of tetra-needle-shaped zinc oxide whisker (T-ZnOw) in polymer composites, this work is focused on the crystallization and tensile fracture behaviors of T-ZnOw/polyamide 6 (T-ZnOw/PA6) composites. Our results show that the addition of T-ZnOw improves the composites tensile strength greatly. For virgin PA6, the stress-strain curve exhibits double-yielding phenomenon. Surface modified T-ZnOw reinforced PA6 composites exhibit higher yield stress and smaller strain-to-fracture compared with virgin PA6. The morphologies of tensile-fractured surfaces show that, addition of T-ZnOw changes the fracture mode from crazing-tearing/brittle fracture mode of virgin PA6 into fibrillation/brittle fracture mode of PA6 composites. Especially, the fracture process of T-ZnOw in composites during the tensile test has been characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and the corresponding reinforcement mechanism has been discussed.

Transformaciones α↔β en la aleación Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn: caracterización y características mecánicas y microestructurales

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Tarín, P.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available In Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn alloy, α↔β transformation kinetics and other transformation characteristics, as well as its influence on subsequent cooling transformations, have been evaluated by differential and dilatometric thermal analysis, hardness measurements and metallographic observation, after performing controlled thermal treatments. Starting from the mill annealed condition, samples were heated at temperatures between 650-1050 °C for 1 h, then water quenched and subsequently heated at 570 °C for 4 h, air cooled. Finally, the mechanical properties of samples heat treated as indicated above have been obtained.

Para estudiar la cinética de la transformación α↔β en la aleación Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, del tipo α+β, y valorar el porcentaje de fase a no trasformada (α primaria y la influencia en transformaciones posteriores en enfriamiento, se realizaron ensayos de análisis térmico (diferencial y dilatométrico, estudios metalográficos y medidas de dureza, tras tratamientos térmicos controlados. Partiendo del estado de entrega (mill annealed, se realizaron tratamientos de solución, mediante calentamiento de 1 h entre 650 °C y 1.050 °C, con enfriamiento en agua con agitación. Posteriormente, se han sometido las muestras a un calentamiento a 570 °C durante 4 h y enfriamiento final al aire. Finalmente, se determinaron las características en tracción.

Tobacco control activities in Turkey /Türkiye’de tütün kontrolü uygulamaları

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Nazmi Bilir

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Tobacco use is accepted as a major public health problem, killing 6 million people every year globally.  However, millions of lives can be saved by implementing the effective tobacco control measures recommended by WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC, the first international treaty on tobacco control which was accepted in 56th World Health Assembly in 2003.  In line with WHO FCTC six effective tobacco control strategies were defined in MPOWER Package in 2008. In Turkey, the first law controlling tobacco came into force in 1996, banning smoking in most indoor public places. By amendment of the law in 2008, Turkey became a completely smoke free country.  Turkey achieved major advances on tobacco control during the past 15-20 years; tobacco use was reduced considerably (from 63% to 41% among males, and from 24% to 13% among females, indoor air quality improved (up to 90% reduction of PM2.5 values, health complaints, such as stuffy nose, watering eyes or coughs, of workers at restaurants, hospitality venues were reduced, and acute health effects of smoking such as cardiovascular and respiratory conditions were reduced. Turkey is the only country implementing all six measures of the MPOWER package successfully and was used as a model for other countries by WHO. Nevertheless, there is still much to do in Turkey as there is a high smoking prevalence and still some violations of smoking bans in indoor places. Key Words: Smoking, tobacco control, Turkey, smoke free indoors Türkiye’de tütün kontrolü uygulamaları Özet Dünya genelinde her yıl altı milyon kişinin ölümüne yol açan tütün kullanımı çok önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte 2003 yılında Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün 56. Genel Kurulunda kabul edilen ve ilk uluslararası tütün kontrolü antlaşması olan Tütün Kontrolü Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (DSÖ TKÇS içinde yer alan etkili tütün kontrolü �

The fractionation of t-RNA on N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)-piperazine substituted-Sepharose

Science.gov (United States)

Leberman, Reuben; Giovanelli, Ruth; Acosta, Zenobio

1974-01-01

An anion exchange agarose has been prepared by modifying sepharose 6B with N,N′-bis (-3-aminopropyl) piperazine. This material (BAPP-Sepharose) has been used for the fractionation of t-RNA from E.coli by column chromatography. The results obtained with gram quantities of crude t-RNA at pH 4.6 and pH 8.0 as measured by the elution patterns of alanyl, arginyl, aspartyl, leucyl, lysyl, methionyl, phenylalanyl, prolyl, seryl, tyrosyl, and valyl t-RNA are described. PMID:10793731

Albino Farelerde Paraben Toksisitesine Karşı Urtica Dioica L. (Urticaceae Özütünün Koruyucu Rolünün Araştırılması

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Emine YALÇIN

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Özet. Bu çalışmada parabenin (hidroksibenzoik asit (HBA albino farelerde bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. HBA’nın toksik etkisine karşı ısırgan otu özütü koruyucu madde olarak seçilmiş ve tüm uygulama gruplarına iki doz halinde uygulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda bir grupta 6 albino fare (Mus musculus, 12-14 haftalık, 25-30 g olmak üzere 6 uygulama grubu oluşturulmuştur.  Çalışma süresince I. gruba pellet yem ve çeşme suyu, II. gruba 125 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü, III. gruba 250 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü, IV. Gruba 150 mg/kg.ca dozunda HBA, V. gruba 150 mg/kg.ca dozunda HBA + 125 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü, VI. gruba 150 mg/kg.ca dozunda HBA + 250 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü verilmiştir. Uygulama süresi sonunda farelerin kan örnekleri alınarak serum örnekleri elde edilmiştir. Serum örneklerinde Alanintransaminaz (ALT, Aspartattransaminaz (AST, kan üre azotu (BUN ve kreatinin parametreleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca her uygulama grubuna ait karaciğer ve böbrek dokuları izole edilmiş ve GSH, MDA analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda HBA uygulanan gruplarda serum ALT, AST, BUN ve kreatinin plazma seviyelerinde önemli değişmeler gözlenmiştir. Bu değişimler HBA’nın hücreler üzerindeki muhtemel toksik etkileri ile açıklanabilir. Benzer şekilde HBA uygulanan gruplarda kontrol grubuna kıyasla MDA seviyelerinde artış gözlenirken, GSH seviyelerinde azalmanın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. HBA ile birlikte ısırgan otu özütü uygulanan gruplarda test edilen parametrelerde yeniden düzelme olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ısırgan otu özütünün HBA toksisitesine karşı koruyucu etkisini ortaya koymaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Paraben, Isırgan otu özütü, ALT, AST Abstract. In this study effects of paraben (hydroxybenzoicacid (HBA on some biochemical parameters in albino mice were investigated

Movilidad en IPV6: simulación con Network Simulator

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Javier Eduardo Carvajal Escobar

2013-07-01

Full Text Available IP Móvil es la propuesta de Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF para el protocolo de movilidad llamado MIPv6. Este protocolo se ha convertido en la columna vertebral de las nuevas tecnologías de redes inalámbricas mediante las cuales se busca proveer de un servicio ininterrumpido mientras se está en movimiento. Este artículo presenta una visión general del funcionamiento de dicho protocolo, los términos relacionados con este y los nuevos ensajes que vienen dentro del encabezado de movilidad en IPv6. Después se realiza una simulación de dicho protocolo con el software Network Simulator 2, bajo licencia GNU de distribución libre. Como resultado de la simulación se obtiene un archivo de trazas en el cual se plasman todos los eventos.

N6,3′-cyclo-5′-O-Cyanomethylthymidine

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Jingbo Sun

2010-06-01

Full Text Available The title compound, C19H20N4O4, is a cyclonucleoside with a C—N linkage. The furanose ring adopts a twist C3′-endo/C2′-exo (close to 3T2 conformation with a pseudorotational phase angle (P of 8.1° and puckering amplitude (vm of 30.6°. The orientation of the pyrimidine ring with respect to the sugar group is anti. One intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond is observed. The packing features an N—H...O hydrogen bond.

Determination of the enthalpy of vaporization and prediction of surface tension for ionic liquid 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium propionate [C(n)mim][Pro](n = 4, 5, 6).

Science.gov (United States)

Tong, Jing; Yang, Hong-Xu; Liu, Ru-Jing; Li, Chi; Xia, Li-Xin; Yang, Jia-Zhen

2014-11-13

With the use of isothermogravimetrical analysis, the enthalpies of vaporization, Δ(g)lH(o)m(T(av)), at the average temperature, T(av) = 445.65 K, for the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium propionate [C(n)mim][Pro](n = 4, 5, 6) were determined. Using Verevkin's method, the difference of heat capacities between the vapor phase and the liquid phase, Δ(g)lC(p)(o)m, for [C(n)mim][Pro](n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), were calculated based on the statistical thermodynamics. Therefore, with the use of Δ(g)lC(p)(o)m, the values of Δ(g)lH(o)m(T(av)) were transformed into Δ(g)lH(o)m(298), 126.8, 130.3, and 136.5 for [C(n)mim][Pro](n = 4, 5, 6), respectively. In terms of the new scale of polarity for ILs, the order of the polarity of [C(n)mim][Pro](n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) was predicted, that is, the polarity decreases with increasing methylene. A new model of the relationship between the surface tension and the enthalpy of vaporization for aprotic ILs was put forward and used to predict the surface tension for [C(n)mim][Pro](n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and others. The predicted surface tension for the ILs is in good agreement with the experimental one.

Cladding axial elongation models for FRAP-T6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shah, V.N.; Carlson, E.R.; Berna, G.A.

1983-01-01

This paper presents a description of the cladding axial elongation models developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) for use by the FRAP-T6 computer code in analyzing the response of fuel rods during reactor transients in light water reactors (LWR). The FRAP-T6 code contains models (FRACAS-II subcode) that analyze the structural response of a fuel rod including pellet-cladding-mechanical-interaction (PCMI). Recently, four models were incorporated into FRACAS-II to calculate cladding axial deformation: (a) axial PCMI, (b) trapped fuel stack, (c) fuel relocation, and (d) effective fuel thermal expansion. Comparisons of cladding axial elongation measurements from two experiments with the corresponding FRAP-T6 calculations are presented

N,N'-Diethyl-N,N'-diphenylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Klepetářová, Blanka; Makrlík, E.; Babain, V.A.; Kašička, Václav

2012-01-01

Roč. 68, č. 4 (2012), o1099-o1100 ISSN 1600-5368 Grant - others:GA ČZU(CZ) 42900/1312/3114 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : N,N'-Diethyl-N,N'-diphenylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide * crystal structure * amide nitrogen Subject RIV: CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation Impact factor: 0.347, year: 2011

Estudio sedimentológico de un sector del río Guadalquivir en las proximidades de Andujar (provincia de Jaén los depósitos de la terraza + 6m (T4

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Saint-Aubin, J.

1991-04-01

Full Text Available The characteristics of the current river channel of the Guadalquivir river and deposits of the terrace T4 ( + 6 m near Andújar are described. The study of morphological parameters evidence that they are balanced; this indicates that morphology and channel pattern are contolled mainly by local causes. Changes in discharge and bedload are responsible for gradual variations of channel patterno In contrast, overflow causes sharp changes. A general displacement of the river course towards the S. and SW. was deduced from careful study of maps, air photographs, etc., corresponding to various dates. T4 ( + 6 m terrace deposits exhibit 2 typical vertical sequences (called 1 and 2 respectively of channel and flood-plain facies. A model of terrace growth is proposed which is domonated by point bar deposits.En este trabajo, se analizan las características del cauce actual del río Guadalquivir, en un sector próximo a Andújar, así como los depósitos correspondientes a la terraza + 6 m (T4. Se estudian los principales parámetros morfológicos, observándose buen equilibrio entre ellos, lo que denota que su morfología y trazado están condicionados, fundamentalmente, por factores locales. Las variaciones paulatinas del cauce se producen por cambios en el caudal o en la carga, mientras que las variaciones bruscas, suelen ser consecuencia de desbordamientos. A partir de la comparación de datos de varias épocas (cartografía, foto-aérea, etc., se establece un desplazamiento general del río hacia el S. o SO. En los depósitos de la terraza + 6 m (T4, se distinguen dos secuencias diferentes (tipo 1 y 2, constituidas por asociación de facies de canal y de llanura de inundación. Se establece un modelo para la construcción de la terraza, en el que predominan los depósitos de acreción lateral, caracterizando barras de meandro.

ARVOT HYVÄT, TOIMINTA PUUTTEELLINEN : Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulun ja Diakonhjemmet Høgskolen terveysalanopiskelijoiden henkilökohtaiset arvot ja heidän näkemyksensä koulujen arvoista

OpenAIRE

Krasnova, Anna; Ormiskangas, Marjo

2014-01-01

TIIVISTELMÄ Krasnova, Anna & Ormiskangas, Marjo. Arvot hyvät, toiminta puutteellinen. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulun ja Diakonhjemmet Høgskolen terveysalanopiskelijoiden henkilökohtaiset arvot ja heidän näkemyksensä koulujen arvoista. Diak Helsinki, kevät 2014, 108s., 6 liitettä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu. Sosiaali- ja terveysala, hoitotyön koulutusohjelma, diakonisen hoitotyön suuntautumisvaihtoehto, sairaanhoitaja (AMK) - diakonissa. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tutkia Diakonia...

T1N0 to T2N0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottic Larynx Treated With Definitive Radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chera, Bhishamjit S.; Amdur, Robert J.; Morris, Christopher G.; Kirwan, Jessica M.; Mendenhall, William M.

2010-01-01

Purpose: To report the treatment outcomes of definitive radiotherapy (RT) for early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the glottic larynx. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 585 patients with T1N0 to T2N0 invasive SCCA of the glottic larynx treated between 1964 and 2006 with RT alone. All patients had at least 2 years of follow-up, had histologic diagnosis of invasive SCCA, and received continuous-course RT. None of these patients received chemotherapy or had elective nodal RT. The probabilities of local control (LC), ultimate LC, ultimate LC with larynx preservation, neck control, cause-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Results: The median follow-up for survivors was 12 years. Five-year LC rates were as follows: T1A, 94%; T1B, 93%; T2A, 80%; and T2B, 70%. Multivariate analysis revealed that overall treatment time greater than 41 days (p = 0.001) and poorly differentiated histology (p = 0.016) adversely affected LC. Five-year rates of ultimate LC with laryngeal preservation were: T1A, 95%; T1B, 94%, T2A, 81%; and T2B, 74%. Twenty-four (4%) of 585 patients failed in the neck; only 7 neck failures (1%) were isolated. Five-year CSS and OS rates were as follows: T1A, 97% and 82%; T1B, 99% and 83%; T2A, 94% and 76%; and T2B, 90% and 78%, respectively. Ten (1.7%) patients had severe and/or fatal complications. One patient died of a radiation-induced carotid artery angiosarcoma. Conclusion: Based on our study results, RT cures a high proportion of patients with T1N0 to T2N0 glottic SCCAs and has a low rate of severe complications.

Modulation of nuclear T3 binding by T3 in a human hepatocyte cell-line (Chang-liver) - T3 stimulation of cell growth but not of malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase or 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Matzen, L E; Kristensen, S R; Kvetny, J

1991-01-01

The T3 modulation of nuclear T3 binding (NBT3), the T3 effect on cell growth, and the T3 and insulin effects on malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconat-dehydrogenase (G6PD) were studied in a human hepatocyte cell-line (Chang-liver). T3 was bound to a high ...

AUMENTO EN LA RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSIÓN DE UN ACERO T91 ALUMINIZADO

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LUZ S. QUINTERO

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El acero ferrítico T91 ha sido ampliamente utilizado en plantas de generación de energía eléctrica, calderas y plantas nucleares. Sin embargo, su resistencia a la oxidación se ve gravemente afectada a temperaturas superiores a los 600ºC. En esta investigación se empleó la técnica de cementación empacada para aluminizar un acero T91 y se encontraron las condiciones óptimas para la formación de un recubrimiento libre de porosidad y con espesor uniforme (300 micras. Se evaluó la capa de óxido formada luego de una exposición a 800ºC en atmósfera de aire. La caracterización del recubrimiento y de la capa de óxido (Al2O3 se llevó a cabo empleando un microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM, Espectroscopia de Rayos X (EDX y mapping. Se comprobó una buena resistencia a la oxidación del acero T91 aluminizado, debido a la formación de una fina capa continua de óxido de aluminio de aproximadamente 6 micras de espesor luego de una exposición de 7 días.

Amino Acid Substitutions Associated with Avian H5N6 Influenza A Virus Adaptation to Mice

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Chunmao Zhang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available At least 15 cases of human beings infected with H5N6 have been reported since 2014, of which at least nine were fatal. The highly pathogenic avian H5N6 influenza virus may pose a serious threat to both public health and the poultry industry. However, the molecular features promoting the adaptation of avian H5N6 influenza viruses to mammalian hosts is not well understood. Here, we sequentially passaged an avian H5N6 influenza A virus (A/Northern Shoveler/Ningxia/488-53/2015 10 times in mice to identify the adaptive amino acid substitutions that confer enhanced virulence to H5N6 in mammals. The 1st and 10th passages of the mouse-adapted H5N6 viruses were named P1 and P10, respectively. P1 and P10 displayed higher pathogenicity in mice than their parent strain. P10 showed significantly higher replication capability in vivo and could be detected in the brains of mice, whereas P1 displayed higher replication efficiency in their lungs but was not detectable in the brain. Similar to its parent strain, P10 remained no transmissible between guinea pigs. Using genome sequencing and alignment, multiple amino acid substitutions, including PB2 E627K, PB2 T23I, PA T97I, and HA R239H, were found in the adaptation of H5N6 to mice. In summary, we identified amino acid changes that are associated with H5N6 adaptation to mice.

Search for the signature of a halo structure in the p(6He,6Li)n reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cortina-Gil, M.D.; Roussel-Chomaz, P.; Mittig, W.; Casandjian, J.M.; Chartier, M.; Alamanos, N.; Auger, F.; Fekou-Youmbi, V.; Blumenfeld, Y.; and others.

1995-01-01

The elastic scattering p( 6 He, 6 He)p and charge exchange reaction p( 6 He, 6 Li)n have been measured in reverse kinematics with a secondary 6 He beam. The angular distributions for these reactions were obtained. In the case of the charge exchange reaction, the ratio of the cross section for the Gamow-Teller transition to the ground state, and for the Fermi transition to the isobaric analog state is a measure of the relative strength of the two components of the exchange interaction. This ratio is found compatible with existing systematics for stable T=1 nuclei, and no clear signature of a halo structure was found in the present data. (author)

Closed expressions for $\\int_{0}^{1} t^{-1} log^{n-1}t log^{p}(1 - t) dt$

CERN Document Server

Kölbig, Kurt Siegfried

1982-01-01

Closed expressions for the integral integral /sub 0//sup 1/ t/sup -1/ log/sup n-1/t log/sup p/(1-t)dt, whose general form is given elsewhere, are listed for n=1(1)9, p=1(1)9. A formula is derived which allows an easy evaluation of these expressions by formula manipulation on a computer. The majority of the above expressions are given in a microfiche supplement to the paper.

Exclusive brachytherapy for T1-T2 N0 cancer of the oral tongue: prognostic factors for local control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frezza, G.; Baldissera, A.; Bunkheila, F.; Caliceti, U.; Galuppi, A.; Guidetti, A.; Sorrenti, G.

1996-01-01

INTRODUCTION: The files of a group of patients (pts) treated with brachytherapy alone for cancer of the oral tongue were reviewed to assess the prognostic role of T stage, volume of disease, total dose and dose-rate. PATIENTS METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1982 to 1994 46 pts (29 males, 17 females, age 38-84 years, median 63.1 years) were treated with 192 Ir brachytherapy, in 2 cases followed by prophylactic neck dissection for cancer of the oral tongue (T1N0: 19 pts; T2N0: 27 pts). Brachytherapy was performed with hairpins in the early years of the study (17 pts) and more recently with plastic tubes (29 pts), according to the Parts System. Dose ranged from 60-70 Gy with a dose-rate of 0.38-0.62 Gy/h (median 63.8 and 0.52 respectively). Volume of the disease was retrospectively assessed as the product of the three diameters of the lesion calculated for provisional dosimetry (range 0.25- 16 cc.). Median follow up is 72 mos (range: 14-153 mos). RESULTS: Overall local control was 82.6% ((38(46)) pts; T1: (18(19)), 94.7 %; T2: (22(27)), 81.5 %). Five of 8 pts who recurred were submitted to salvage surgery, and 3 of them are alive and free from disease at 34, 52 and 87 mos respectively. Recurrences appeared after 3-13 mos (median 5.5 mos) and were related to total dose ( 63 Gy (1(18)); 5.5 %) and to dose-rate ( 45 cGy/h (4(36)): 11.1 %). The volume of disease was not of prognostic significance since local control was 79.6 % ((6(28)) pts) in pts with a disease smaller than 3 cc. and 88.9 % in pts with large volume ((2(18)) pts). Seven (15.2 %) grade 3 complications (necrosis of the mandibular bone and- or of the soft tissues) were observed. Complication rate was higher in the high dose group (>63 Gy (4(18)) pts: 22.2 %) and was less affected by dose-rate (> 45 cGy/h (6(36)) pts: 16.6 %). No relationship between complications and volume was observed ( 3cc.: 16.6 %). All complications healed spontaneously. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: For T1-T2 cancer of the oral tongue exclusive

Re-evaluation of Ipsilateral Radiation for T1-T2N0-N2b Tonsil Carcinoma at the Princess Margaret Hospital in the Human Papillomavirus Era, 25 Years Later

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Shao Hui; Waldron, John; Bratman, Scott V.; Su, Jie; Kim, John; Bayley, Andrew; Cho, John; Giuliani, Meredith; Hope, Andrew; Ringash, Jolie; Hansen, Aaron; Almeida, John R. de; Goldstein, David; Perez-Ordonez, Bayardo; Weinreb, Ilan; Tong, Li; Xu, Wei; O'Sullivan, Brian

2017-01-01

Purpose: To report the outcome of ipsilateral radiation therapy (RT) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (HPV+) patients and HPV-negative (HPV−) patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer treated 25 years after our initial historical cohort. Methods and Materials: Patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer who received ipsilateral RT or bilateral RT between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), local control (LC), regional control (RC), and grade 3 to 4 late toxicity (LT) were compared between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT within HPV+ and HPV− patients, separately. Results: HPV status was ascertained in 379/427 (88%) consecutive patients (ipsilateral RT: 62 HPV+, 34 HPV−; bilateral RT: 240 HPV+ 240, 41 HPV−). The proportion of ipsilateral RT by N category for HPV+ and HPV− patients were as follows: N0: 24/37 (65%) versus 28/48 (74%); N1: 21/49 (43%) versus 4/9 (44%); N2a: 10/39 (26%) versus 1/4 (25%); and N2b: 7/177 (4%) versus 1/24 (4%), respectively. Of the patients receiving ipsilateral RT, 94/96 (98%) were treated with RT alone. The median follow-up time was 5.03 years. The respective 5-year rates of OS, LC, RC, and LT were similar between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT for the HPV+ patients (OS: 89% vs 87%, P=.55; LC: 97% vs 98%, P=.65; RC: 98% vs 97%, P=.27; LT: 17% vs 12%, P=.83) and HPV− patients (OS: 63% vs 48%, P=.27; LC: 90% vs 80%, P=.19; RC: 94% vs 83%, P=.14; LT: 15% vs 22%, P=.36). Of the 96 patients receiving ipsilateral RT, contralateral neck failure (CNF) occurred in 1/52 HPV+ patients and 1/34 HPV− patients. The 5-year CNF rates were 2% (95% CI: 1-9) (HPV+: 2% [0-14]; HPV−: 3% [0-21], P=.66). Five local failures (2 HPV+; 3 HPV−) and no distant failures were seen. The 5-year rates of LC, RC, and LT were 97% versus 90% (P=.24), 98% versus 94% (P=.25), and 18% versus 15% (P=.75) for the HPV+ and HPV− cohorts, respectively. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 9 patients: 6/47 (13%) treated with conventional RT

Re-evaluation of Ipsilateral Radiation for T1-T2N0-N2b Tonsil Carcinoma at the Princess Margaret Hospital in the Human Papillomavirus Era, 25 Years Later

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Shao Hui, E-mail: shaohui.huang@rmp.uhn.on.ca [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Waldron, John [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Bratman, Scott V. [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Su, Jie [Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Kim, John; Bayley, Andrew; Cho, John; Giuliani, Meredith; Hope, Andrew; Ringash, Jolie [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Hansen, Aaron [Division of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Almeida, John R. de; Goldstein, David [Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Perez-Ordonez, Bayardo; Weinreb, Ilan [Department of Pathology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Tong, Li [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Xu, Wei [Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); O' Sullivan, Brian [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)

2017-05-01

Purpose: To report the outcome of ipsilateral radiation therapy (RT) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (HPV+) patients and HPV-negative (HPV−) patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer treated 25 years after our initial historical cohort. Methods and Materials: Patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer who received ipsilateral RT or bilateral RT between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), local control (LC), regional control (RC), and grade 3 to 4 late toxicity (LT) were compared between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT within HPV+ and HPV− patients, separately. Results: HPV status was ascertained in 379/427 (88%) consecutive patients (ipsilateral RT: 62 HPV+, 34 HPV−; bilateral RT: 240 HPV+ 240, 41 HPV−). The proportion of ipsilateral RT by N category for HPV+ and HPV− patients were as follows: N0: 24/37 (65%) versus 28/48 (74%); N1: 21/49 (43%) versus 4/9 (44%); N2a: 10/39 (26%) versus 1/4 (25%); and N2b: 7/177 (4%) versus 1/24 (4%), respectively. Of the patients receiving ipsilateral RT, 94/96 (98%) were treated with RT alone. The median follow-up time was 5.03 years. The respective 5-year rates of OS, LC, RC, and LT were similar between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT for the HPV+ patients (OS: 89% vs 87%, P=.55; LC: 97% vs 98%, P=.65; RC: 98% vs 97%, P=.27; LT: 17% vs 12%, P=.83) and HPV− patients (OS: 63% vs 48%, P=.27; LC: 90% vs 80%, P=.19; RC: 94% vs 83%, P=.14; LT: 15% vs 22%, P=.36). Of the 96 patients receiving ipsilateral RT, contralateral neck failure (CNF) occurred in 1/52 HPV+ patients and 1/34 HPV− patients. The 5-year CNF rates were 2% (95% CI: 1-9) (HPV+: 2% [0-14]; HPV−: 3% [0-21], P=.66). Five local failures (2 HPV+; 3 HPV−) and no distant failures were seen. The 5-year rates of LC, RC, and LT were 97% versus 90% (P=.24), 98% versus 94% (P=.25), and 18% versus 15% (P=.75) for the HPV+ and HPV− cohorts, respectively. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 9 patients: 6/47 (13%) treated with conventional RT

Evaluación técnica y económica de alternativas de fertilización y enmiendas en tabaco Virginia (Nicotiana tabacum en la región García Rovira, Santander (Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marín Nilson

2008-12-01

Full Text Available

Los principales problemas observados en la fertilidad de los suelos de la región García Rovira son la degradación y el desbalance químico. Aquí se presentan pH y saturaciones de Ca elevadas (3,5-5,0 meq•100g^-1 que limitan la disponibilidad de P, Mg y micronutrientes para el tabaco Virginia. El objetivo de este trabajo es orientar el manejo de fertilizantes y enmiendas que aumente la eficiencia, disponibilidad y toma de nutrientes. Se establecieron 6 tratamientos con la variedad K-346 correspondientes a fertilización convencional + kieserita (T1, fertilización convencional + kieserita + ácido fosfórico (T2, fertilización reacción ácida + kieserita (T3, fertilización abono orgánico-mineral + kieserita (T4, fertilización convencional + kieserita + cobertura (T5, fertilización convencional - testigo (T6. Se usó un diseño BCA con tres repeticiones. Se analizaron dos grupos de variables, edáficas 45 días después del trasplante y producción a la cosecha. El T2 logró la mayor reducción del pH de 7,3 a 7,0 y el mayor incremento de P disponible; obtuvo la mayor producción, 18,47% más que el testigo, sin afectar la cantidad de hojas de primera calidad. El T3 redujo el pH e incrementó el contenido de Mg en menor proporción que T2. Presentó la segunda mayor producción sin afectar la cantidad de hojas de primera calidad y mostró mayor rentabilidad económica, seguido por T2. En rendimiento los tratamientos T1 y T5 se comportaron mejor que el testigo, pero el cambio en el valor de la cosecha no justifica el incremento en el costo de la fertilización. El T4 estuvo por debajo del testigo en rendimiento, precio promedio y valor total de cosecha.

Ortaokul 5. ve 6. Sınıf Fen Bilimleri Öğretim Programının Kazanım ve İçerik İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

OpenAIRE

Ocak, Gürbüz; Kutlu Kalender, M. Damla

2018-01-01

Bu çalışma Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından basılmış 5. ve 6. Sınıf Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarındaki içeriğin, ortaokul 5. ve 6. Sınıf Fen Bilimleri dersi öğretim programındaki kazanımlara uygunluk düzeyini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Öncelikle 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılı 5. ve 6.sınıf öğretim programındaki kazanımlarla 5.ve 6. sınıf fen bilimleri ders kitaplarındaki içerikler incelenmiştir. Değerlendirme için ölçme aracı olarak kazanım-içerik değerlendirme rubriği hazırlanmıştır. Geliş...

Total edge irregularity strength of (n,t)-kite graph

Science.gov (United States)

Winarsih, Tri; Indriati, Diari

2018-04-01

Let G(V, E) be a simple, connected, and undirected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A total k-labeling is a map that carries vertices and edges of a graph G into a set of positive integer labels {1, 2, …, k}. An edge irregular total k-labeling λ :V(G)\\cup E(G)\\to \\{1,2,\\ldots,k\\} of a graph G is a labeling of vertices and edges of G in such a way that for any different edges e and f, weights wt(e) and wt(f) are distinct. The weight wt(e) of an edge e = xy is the sum of the labels of vertices x and y and the label of the edge e. The total edge irregularity strength of G, tes(G), is defined as the minimum k for which a graph G has an edge irregular total k-labeling. An (n, t)-kite graph consist of a cycle of length n with a t-edge path (the tail) attached to one vertex of a cycle. In this paper, we investigate the total edge irregularity strength of the (n, t)-kite graph, with n > 3 and t > 1. We obtain the total edge irregularity strength of the (n, t)-kite graph is tes((n, t)-kite) = \\lceil \\frac{n+t+2}{3}\\rceil .

Measurement of the 6He Decay Produced by the 9Be(n, α) 6 He Reaction

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, Katelyn; Coats, Micah; Yuly, Mark; Padalino, Stephen; Sangster, Craig; Regan, Sean

2016-10-01

The OMEGA laser at LLE is routinely used to implode gas-filled capsules to study light ion fusion reaction rates of interest to stellar nucleosynthesis. As a first step toward a possible measurement of the 3H(t,γ)6He radiative capture reaction, a detector system capable of measuring the 801 ms half-life of 6He has been developed and is being tested using 6He nuclei produced via the 9Be(n,α)6He reaction. Deuterons from the SUNY Geneseo tandem Pelletron produce neutrons in a thick deuterated polyethylene target via the 2H(d,n)3He reaction. These neutrons are allowed to strike a beryllium target placed in front of a silicon ΔE-E detector telescope, which is used to identify the β particles from 6He decay. Following an approximately five second long activation period, the beryllium sample is immediately counted for about five seconds. The pulse heights for each detector and the timestamp are recorded using a specially configured femtoDAQ acquision system and used to measure the decay curve. Funded in part by a Grant from the DOE through the Laboratory for Laser Energetics.

Preferences of AAA/AAG codon recognition by modified nucleosides, τm5s2U34 and t6A37 present in tRNALys.

Science.gov (United States)

Sonawane, Kailas D; Kamble, Asmita S; Fandilolu, Prayagraj M

2017-12-27

Deficiency of 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine, τm 5 s 2 U at the 34th 'wobble' position in tRNA Lys causes MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers), a neuromuscular disease. This modified nucleoside of mt tRNA Lys , recognizes AAA/AAG codons during protein biosynthesis process. Its preference to identify cognate codons has not been studied at the atomic level. Hence, multiple MD simulations of various molecular models of anticodon stem loop (ASL) of mt tRNA Lys in presence and absence of τm 5 s 2 U 34 and N 6 -threonylcarbamoyl adenosine (t 6 A 37 ) along with AAA and AAG codons have been accomplished. Additional four MD simulations of multiple ASL mt tRNA Lys models in the context of ribosomal A-site residues have also been performed to investigate the role of A-site in recognition of AAA/AAG codons. MD simulation results show that, ASL models in presence of τm 5 s 2 U 34 and t 6 A 37 with codons AAA/AAG are more stable than the ASL lacking these modified bases. MD trajectories suggest that τm 5 s 2 U recognizes the codons initially by 'wobble' hydrogen bonding interactions, and then tRNA Lys might leave the explicit codon by a novel 'single' hydrogen bonding interaction in order to run the protein biosynthesis process smoothly. We propose this model as the 'Foot-Step Model' for codon recognition, in which the single hydrogen bond plays a crucial role. MD simulation results suggest that, tRNA Lys with τm 5 s 2 U and t 6 A recognizes AAA codon more preferably than AAG. Thus, these results reveal the consequences of τm 5 s 2 U and t 6 A in recognition of AAA/AAG codons in mitochondrial disease, MERRF.

NMR studies of the exocyclic 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine adduct (εdA) opposite thymidine in a DNA duplex. Nonplanar alignment of εdA(anti) and dT(anti) at the lesion site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kouchakdjian, M.; Patel, D.J.; Eisenberg, M.; Yarema, K.; Basu, A.; Essigmann, J.

1991-01-01

Two-dimensional proton NMR studies are reported on the complementary d(C-A-T-G-T-G-T-A-C)·d(G-T-A-C-εA-C-A-T-G) nonanucleotide duplex (designated εdA·dT 9-mer duplex) containing 1,N 6 -ethenodeoxyadenosine (εdA), a carcinogen-DNA adduct, positioned opposite thymidine in the center of the helix. The authors NMR studies have focused on the conformation of the εdA·dT 9-mer duplex at neutral pH with emphasis on defining the alignment at the dT5·εdA14 lesion site. The through-space NOE distance connectivities establish that both dT5 and εdA14 adopt anti glycosidic torsion angles, are directed into the interior of the helix, and stack with flanking Watson-Crick dG4·dC15 and dG6·dC13 pairs. Furthermore, the d(G4-T5-G6)·d(C13-εA14-C15) trinucleotide segment centered about the dT5·εdA14 lesion site adopts a right-handed helical conformation in solution. Energy minimization computations were undertaken starting from six different alignments of dT5(anti) and εdA14(anti) at the lesion site and were guided by distance constraints defined by lower and upper bounds estimated from NOESY data sets on the εdA·dT 9-mer duplex. The NMR data are consistent with a nonplanar alignment of εdA14(anti) and dT5(anti) with dT5 displaced toward the flanking dG4·dC15 base pair within the d(G4-T5-G6)·d(C13-εA14-C15) segment of the εdA·dT 9-mer duplex

T6 and T78 tempers of AA6065 alloy: a quantitative TEM study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, M.; Warner, T. [Compagnie de Produits Chimiques et Electrometallurgiques Pechiney, Centre de Recherches de Voreppe, 38 (France)

2000-07-01

Quantitative transmission electron microscopy is used to characterize the microstructure of an industrial Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy (AA6056) in a state (T78 temper) desensitized to intergranular corrosion in comparison with the peak aged state (T6 temper). Analysis of dark-field images and of zero-loss filtered selected-area-diffraction patterns, along with EDX spectroscopy, indicates an advanced precipitation of the quaternary phase containing Si and Cu in the T78-tempered alloy compared to the T6 one. This supports the current theory of the desensitization of AA6056 alloy. However, the application of EDX analysis to provide direct evidence of the chemical composition variation in the solid solution across the grain boundary appears less satisfactory. (orig.)

Eficacia del diclofenaco tópico vs. nepafenaco tópico en la reducción del dolor durante la fotocoagulación panretiniana

OpenAIRE

Hernández-Camarena, Julio C.; Valdez-García, Jorge E.; Rodríguez-García, Alejandro

2016-01-01

Propósito: Comparar la eficacia del diclofenaco tópico 0.1% vs. nepafenaco tópico en reducir el dolor asociado a la fotocoagulación panretiniana con láser argón. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble enmascarado, 132 pacientes (183 ojos) con diagnóstico de retinopatía diabética proliferativa tratados con fotocoagulación panretiniana. Aleatorización en 2 grupos: diclofenaco y nepafenaco tópicos. Se aplicaron 2 dosis de los analgésicos tópicos previas a la fotocoagulación pan...

Asymptotic behavior of the nonlinear diffusion equation n/sub t/ = (n-1n/sub x/)/sub x/

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berryman, J.G.; Holland, C.J.

1982-01-01

The asymptotic behavior of the equation n/sub t/ = (ln n)/sub x/x is studied on the finite interval 0 0 and initial data n(x,0)> or =n 0 . We prove that asymptotically ln[n(x,t)/n 0 ]→A exp(-π 2 t/n 0 )2/sup 1/2/ sin πx and also provide rigorous upper and lower bounds on the asymptotic amplitude A in terms of integrals of nonlinear functions of the initial data. The rigorous bounds are compared to values of A obtained from computer experiments. The lower bound L = (2/sup 3/2//π)exp[li(1+Q)-γ], where li is the logarithmic integral, γ is Euler's constant, and Q = (π/2)∫[n(x,0)/n 0 -1]sin πx dx, is found to be the best known estimate of A

Discovery of novel N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiazol-2-yl)amides and N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiophen-2-yl)amides as potent RORγt inhibitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yonghui; Cai, Wei; Zhang, Guifeng; Yang, Ting; Liu, Qian; Cheng, Yaobang; Zhou, Ling; Ma, Yingli; Cheng, Ziqiang; Lu, Sijie; Zhao, Yong-Gang; Zhang, Wei; Xiang, Zhijun; Wang, Shuai; Yang, Liuqing; Wu, Qianqian; Orband-Miller, Lisa A; Xu, Yan; Zhang, Jing; Gao, Ruina; Huxdorf, Melanie; Xiang, Jia-Ning; Zhong, Zhong; Elliott, John D; Leung, Stewart; Lin, Xichen

2014-01-15

Novel series of N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiazol-2-yl)amides and N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiophen-2-yl)amides were discovered as potent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) inhibitors. SAR studies of the RORγt HTS hit 6a led to identification of thiazole ketone amide 8h and thiophene ketone amide 9g with high binding affinity and inhibitory activity of Th17 cell differentiation. Compound 8h showed in vivo efficacy in both mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen induced arthritis (CIA) models via oral administration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optimal geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the global minima of water clusters (H2O)n, n = 2–6, and several hexamer local minima at the CCSD(T) level of theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miliordos, Evangelos; Aprà, Edoardo; Xantheas, Sotiris S.

2013-01-01

We report the first optimum geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies for the ring pentamer and several water hexamer (prism, cage, cyclic and two book) at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. All five hexamer isomer minima previously reported by MP2 are also minima on the CCSD(T) potential energy surface (PES). In addition, all CCSD(T) minimum energy structures for the n=2-6 cluster isomers are quite close to the ones previously obtained by MP2 on the respective PESs, as confirmed by a modified Procrustes analysis that quantifies the difference between any two cluster geometries. The CCSD(T) results confirm the cooperative effect of the homodromic ring networks (systematic contraction of the nearest-neighbor (nn) intermolecular separations with cluster size) previously reported by MP2, albeit with O-O distances shorter by ~0.02 Å, indicating that MP2 overcorrects this effect. The harmonic frequencies at the minimum geometries were obtained by the double differentiation of the CCSD(T) energy using an efficient scheme based on internal coordinates that reduces the number of required single point energy evaluations by ~15% when compared to the corresponding double differentiation using Cartesian coordinates. Negligible differences between MP2 and CCSD(T) are found for the librational modes, while uniform increases of ~15 and ~25 cm^-1 are observed for the bending and “free” OH harmonic frequencies. The largest differences between MP2 and CCSD(T) are observed for the harmonic hydrogen bonded frequencies. The CCSD(T) red shifts from the monomer frequencies (Δω) are smaller than the MP2 ones, due to the fact that the former produces shorter elongations (ΔR) of the respective hydrogen bonded OH lengths from the monomer value with respect to the latter. Both the MP2 and CCSD(T) results for the hydrogen bonded frequencies were found to closely follow the relation - Δω = s · ΔR, with a rate of s = 20.3 cm^-1 / 0.001 Å. The CCSD(T

Hipoterapia como técnica de habilitación y rehabilitación

OpenAIRE

López-Roa, Lina María; Moreno-Rodríguez, Efraín Darío

2015-01-01

La habilitación y rehabilitación son procesos a través de los cuales las personas con discapacidad tienen la oportunidad de contar y mantener óptimos niveles en los planos físico, sensorial, intelectual, psicológico y social; a pesar de la existencia de diferentes campos de habilitación y rehabilitación en la fisioterapia con todo un abanico de técnicas y procedimientos (Bobath, TFNP, Perfetti, rehabilitación basada en tareas y otras) para la intervención de estos pacientes, la hipoterapia (t...

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la rizartrosis: evaluación de resultados de distintas técnicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco-Javier García-Bernal

Full Text Available Introducción y Objetivo. Larizartrosis o artrosis de la articulación trapeciometacarpiana (TMC es uno de los principales motivos de consulta en una Unidad de Cirugía de Mano. Ante el fracaso del tratamiento conservador, recomendamos el tratamiento quirúrgico. Existen distintas opciones terapéuticas y la elección debe ser individualizada para cada paciente en función de varios factores: edad, grado de artrosis, demanda funcional, etc. En este trabajo analizamos los resultados obtenidos en nuestra práctica con las distintas técnicas. Material y Método. Entre abril de 2011 y febrero de 2015 intervinimos 97 casos de rizartrosis. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 54.01 años, con claro predominio del sexo femenino (85.5%. La técnica más frecuentemente empleada fue la artroplastia con reconstrucción ligamentaria y suspensión según técnica de Weilby, con 79 casos. En 9 casos realizamos una artroplastia artroscópica (ATK; en 4 una artrodesis TMC; y en 5 una ligamentoplastia. Resultados. De los 97 pacientes pudimos controlar postoperatoriamente a 49, con un seguimiento medio de 18,3 meses. Los pacientes experimentaron una mejoría de la fuerza de pinza del 24.28% con la técnica de Weilby; del 18.74% con la ATK; del 45.75% con la artrodesis TMC; y del 31.42% con la ligamentoplastia. Respecto al dolor, valorado según una escala visual analógica (0-10 la mejoría fue de 5.50, 5.1, 6.34 y 6.33 puntos respectivamente, en relación a la situación preoperatoria. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos nos confirman la utilidad de la artroplastia de suspensión-interposición como técnica de elección para el paciente habitual de rizartrosis. En determinados casos, factores como la edad, la demanda funcional o el grado de degeneración articular nos encaminaran a elegir otras técnicas, buscando satisfacer las necesidades de cada paciente en concreto.

Gamma-delayed deuteron emission of the 6Li(0+;T=1) halo state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tursunov, E.M.; Descouvemont, P.; Baye, D.

2007-01-01

M1 transitions from the 6 Li(0 + ;T=1) state at 3.563 MeV to the 6 Li(1 + ) ground state and to the α+d continuum are studied in a three-body model. The bound states are described as an α+n+p system in hyperspherical coordinates on a Lagrange mesh. The ground-state magnetic moment and the gamma width of the 6 Li(0 + ) resonance are well reproduced. The halo-like structure of the 6 Li(0 + ) resonance is confirmed and is probed by the M1 transition probability to the α+d continuum. The spectrum is sensitive to the description of the α+d phase shifts. The corresponding gamma width is around 1.0 meV, with optimal potentials. Charge symmetry is analyzed through a comparison with the β-delayed deuteron spectrum of 6 He. In 6 He, a nearly perfect cancellation effect between short-range and halo contributions was found. A similar analysis for the 6 Li(0 + ;T=1)γ decay is performed; it shows that charge-symmetry breaking at large distances, due to the different binding energies and to different charges, reduces this effect. The present branching ratio Γ γ (0 + →α+d)/Γ γ (0 + →1 + )∼1.3x10 -4 should be observable with current experimental facilities.

Mediterranean glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDC563T) mutation among jordanian females with acute hemolytic crisis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jabbar, A.A.; Kanakiri, N.; Kamil, M.; Rimawi, H.S.A.

2010-01-01

To evaluate the G6PDC563T Mediterranean mutation among Jordanian females who were admitted to Princess Rahma Teaching Hospital (PRTH) with/or previous history of favism. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Jordanian University of Science and Technology and PRTH, from October 2003 to October 2004. Methodology: After obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of Jordanian University of Science and Technology, a total of 32 females were included in this study. Samples from 15 healthy individual females were used as a negative control. Blood samples from these patients were collected and analyzed by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) to determine the G6PDC563T mutation. Results: Twenty one out of 32 patients were found to be G6PDC563T Mediterranean mutation (65.6%) positive. Three out of 21 patients were homozygous and remaining 18 were heterozygous for G6PDC563T Mediterranean mutation. Eleven (34.4%) out of 32 patients were found to be negative for G6PDC563T mutation indicating the presence of other G6PD mutations in the study sample. Conclusion: G6PDC563T Mediterranean mutation accounted for 65.6% of the study sample with favism in the North of Jordan. There is likely to be another G6PD deficiency variant implicated in acute hemolytic crisis (favism). (author)

N = (4,4 Supersymmetry and T-Duality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Malin Göteman

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A sigma model with four-dimensional target space parametrized by chiral and twisted chiral N =(2,2 superfields can be extended to N =(4,4 supersymmetry off-shell, but this is not true for a model of semichiral fields, where the N = (4,4 supersymmetry can only be realized on-shell. The two models can be related to each other by T-duality. In this paper we perform a duality transformation from a chiral and twisted chiral model with off-shell N = (4,4 supersymmetry to a semichiral model. We find that additional non-linear terms must be added to the original transformations to obtain a semichiral model with N =(4,4 supersymmetry, and that the algebra closes on-shell as a direct consequence of the T-duality.

An extensive allelic series of Drosophila kae1 mutants reveals diverse and tissue-specific requirements for t6A biogenesis

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Ching-Jung; Smibert, Peter; Zhao, Xiaoyu; Hu, Jennifer F.; Ramroop, Johnny; Kellner, Stefanie M.; Benton, Matthew A.; Govind, Shubha; Dedon, Peter C.; Sternglanz, Rolf; Lai, Eric C.

2015-01-01

N6-threonylcarbamoyl-adenosine (t6A) is one of the few RNA modifications that is universally present in life. This modification occurs at high frequency at position 37 of most tRNAs that decode ANN codons, and stabilizes cognate anticodon–codon interactions. Nearly all genetic studies of the t6A pathway have focused on single-celled organisms. In this study, we report the isolation of an extensive allelic series in the Drosophila ortholog of the core t6A biosynthesis factor Kae1. kae1 hemizygous larvae exhibit decreases in t6A that correlate with allele strength; however, we still detect substantial t6A-modified tRNAs even during the extended larval phase of null alleles. Nevertheless, complementation of Drosophila Kae1 and other t6A factors in corresponding yeast null mutants demonstrates that these metazoan genes execute t6A synthesis. Turning to the biological consequences of t6A loss, we characterize prominent kae1 melanotic masses and show that they are associated with lymph gland overgrowth and ectopic generation of lamellocytes. On the other hand, kae1 mutants exhibit other phenotypes that reflect insufficient tissue growth. Interestingly, whole-tissue and clonal analyses show that strongly mitotic tissues such as imaginal discs are exquisitely sensitive to loss of kae1, whereas nonproliferating tissues are less affected. Indeed, despite overt requirements of t6A for growth of many tissues, certain strong kae1 alleles achieve and sustain enlarged body size during their extended larval phase. Our studies highlight tissue-specific requirements of the t6A pathway in a metazoan context and provide insights into the diverse biological roles of this fundamental RNA modification during animal development and disease. PMID:26516084

Gcn4 misregulation reveals a direct role for the evolutionary conserved EKC/KEOPS in the t6A modification of tRNAs.

Science.gov (United States)

Daugeron, Marie-Claire; Lenstra, Tineke L; Frizzarin, Martina; El Yacoubi, Basma; Liu, Xipeng; Baudin-Baillieu, Agnès; Lijnzaad, Philip; Decourty, Laurence; Saveanu, Cosmin; Jacquier, Alain; Holstege, Frank C P; de Crécy-Lagard, Valérie; van Tilbeurgh, Herman; Libri, Domenico

2011-08-01

The EKC/KEOPS complex is universally conserved in Archaea and Eukarya and has been implicated in several cellular processes, including transcription, telomere homeostasis and genomic instability. However, the molecular function of the complex has remained elusive so far. We analyzed the transcriptome of EKC/KEOPS mutants and observed a specific profile that is highly enriched in targets of the Gcn4p transcriptional activator. GCN4 expression was found to be activated at the translational level in mutants via the defective recognition of the inhibitory upstream ORFs (uORFs) present in its leader. We show that EKC/KEOPS mutants are defective for the N6-threonylcarbamoyl adenosine modification at position 37 (t(6)A(37)) of tRNAs decoding ANN codons, which affects initiation at the inhibitory uORFs and provokes Gcn4 de-repression. Structural modeling reveals similarities between Kae1 and bacterial enzymes involved in carbamoylation reactions analogous to t(6)A(37) formation, supporting a direct role for the EKC in tRNA modification. These findings are further supported by strong genetic interactions of EKC mutants with a translation initiation factor and with threonine biosynthesis genes. Overall, our data provide a novel twist to understanding the primary function of the EKC/KEOPS and its impact on several essential cellular functions like transcription and telomere homeostasis.

To investigate the necessity of STRA6 upregulation in T cells during T cell immune responses.

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Rafik Terra

Full Text Available Our earlier study revealed that STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 was up-regulated within 3 h of TCR stimulation. STRA6 is the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP and mediates cellular vitamin A uptake. We generated STRA6 knockout (KO mice to assess whether such up-regulation was critical for T-cell activation, differentiation and function. STRA6 KO mice under vitamin A sufficient conditions were fertile without apparent anomalies upon visual inspection. The size, cellularity and lymphocyte subpopulations of STRA6 KO thymus and spleen were comparable to those of their wild type (WT controls. KO and WT T cells were similar in terms of TCR-stimulated proliferation in vitro and homeostatic expansion in vivo. Naive KO CD4 cells differentiated in vitro into Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as regulatory T cells in an analogous manner as their WT counterparts. In vivo experiments revealed that anti-viral immune responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in KO mice were comparable to those of WT controls. We also demonstrated that STRA6 KO and WT mice had similar glucose tolerance. Total vitamin A levels are dramatically lower in the eyes of KO mice as compared to those of WT mice, but the levels in other organs were not significantly affected after STRA6 deletion under vitamin A sufficient conditions, indicating that the eye is the mouse organ most sensitive to the loss of STRA6. Our results demonstrate that 1 in vitamin A sufficiency, the deletion of STRA6 in T cells does no affect the T-cell immune responses so-far tested, including those depend on STAT5 signaling; 2 STRA6-independent vitamin A uptake compensated the lack of STRA6 in lymphoid organs under vitamin A sufficient conditions in mice; 3 STRA6 is critical for vitamin A uptake in the eyes even in vitamin A sufficiency.

Optimización del proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81

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Néstor Caicedo Solano

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 puede llegar a generarse un incremento del porcentaje de producto no conforme por baja carga de rotura, baja conductividad e incumplimiento del diámetro, a pesar de que la colada de aleación cumpla con los requisitos de composición química especificados en la Norma ASTM B398 (alambres de aleación de aluminio 6201 T-81 y que además, durante el proceso de trefilación de los alambres, se controlen las variables mecánicas y eléctricas que garanticen la calidad final del producto en el último proceso: el tratamiento térmico. Este trabajo está enfocado al mejoramiento del proceso de fabricación de los alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 para conductores eléctricos AAAC, utilizando estrategias experimentales, fundamentos de dominancia y control estadístico de procesos, con el fin de optimizar las condiciones de carga de rotura, conductividad y diámetro.

Interrupted thymidylate synthase gene of bacteriophages T2 and T6 and other potential self-splicing introns in the T-even bacteriophages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chu, F.K.; Maley, F.; Martinez, J.; Maley, G.F.

1987-01-01

Southern hybridization analyses of procaryotic DNA from Escherchia coli, λ bacteriophage, and T1 to T7 phages were carried out. The hybridization probes used consisted of DNA restriction fragments derived from the T4 phage intron-containing thymidylate synthase gene (td) and short synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides defining specific exon and intron regions of the gene. It was shown that intact as well as restricted DNA from the T-even phages hybridized not only to both T4 phage td intron- and exon-specific probes but also to probes defining the td 5' (exon I-intron) and 3' (intron-exon II) presplice junctions. These data strongly suggest that, analogous to the T4 phage, only the T2 and T6 phages among the procaryotes tested contain interrupted td genes. The td intervening sequence in each phage is roughly 1 kilobase pair (kb) in size and interrupts the td gene at a site analogous to that in the T4 phage. This was confirmed by data from Northern (RNA) hybridization analysis of td-specific in vitro transcripts of these phage DNAs. [α- 32 P]GTP in vitro labeling of total RNA from T4 phage-infected cells produced five species of labeled RNAs that were 1, 0.9, 0.83, 0.75, and 0.6 kb in size. Only the 1-, 0.9-, and 0.75-kb species were labeled in RNA from T2- or T6-infected cells. The commonly present 1-kb RNA is the excised td intron, which exists in both linear and circular forms in the respective T-even-phage-infected cells, while the 0.6-kb RNA unique to T4 may be the excised intron derived from the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit gene (nrdB) of the phage. The remaining labeled RNA species are likely candidates for other self-splicing introns

Association of Plasma Phospholipid n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Case-Cohort Study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Forouhi, N.G.; Imamura, Fumiaki; Sharp, S.J.; Koulman, A.; Schulze, M.B.; Feskens, E.J.M.

2016-01-01

Background
Whether and how n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is debated. Objectively measured plasma PUFAs can help to clarify these associations.

Methods and Findings
Plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography

Association of Plasma Phospholipid n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Type 2 Diabetes : The EPIC-InterAct Case-Cohort Study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Forouhi, Nita G.; Imamura, Fumiaki; Sharp, Stephen J.; Koulman, Albert; Schulze, Matthias B.; Zheng, Jusheng; Ye, Zheng; Sluijs, Ivonne; Guevara, Marcela; Huerta, José María; Kröger, Janine; Wang, Laura Yun; Summerhill, Keith; Griffin, Julian L.; Feskens, Edith J M; Affret, Aurélie; Amiano, Pilar; Boeing, Heiner; Dow, Courtney; Fagherazzi, Guy; Franks, Paul W.; Gonzalez, Carlos; Kaaks, Rudolf; Key, Timothy J.; Khaw, Kay Tee; Kühn, Tilman; Mortensen, Lotte Maxild; Nilsson, Peter M.; Overvad, Kim; Pala, Valeria; Palli, Domenico; Panico, Salvatore; Quirós, J. Ramón; Rodriguez-Barranco, Miguel; Rolandsson, Olov; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Scalbert, Augustin; Slimani, Nadia; Spijkerman, Annemieke M W; Tjonneland, Anne; Tormo, Maria Jose; Tumino, Rosario; van der A, Daphne L.; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Langenberg, Claudia; Riboli, Elio; Wareham, Nicholas J.

2016-01-01

Background: Whether and how n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is debated. Objectively measured plasma PUFAs can help to clarify these associations. Methods and Findings: Plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography among 12,132

Combined Corrosion and Wear of Aluminium Alloy 7075-T6

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Liu, Y.; Mol, J.M.C.; Janssen, G.C.A.M.

2016-01-01

The aluminium alloy 7075-T6 is widely used in engineering. In some applications, like slurry transport, corrosion and abrasion occur simultaneously, resulting in early material failure. In the present work, we investigated the combined effect of corrosion and wear on the aluminium alloy 7075-T6. We

Regulatory Role of N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) Methylation in RNA Processing and Human Diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Wenqiang; Ji, Xinying; Guo, Xiangqian; Ji, Shaoping

2017-09-01

N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification is an abundant and conservative RNA modification in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. m 6 A modification mainly occurs in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) and near the stop codons of mRNA. Diverse strategies have been developed for identifying m 6 A sites in single nucleotide resolution. Dynamic regulation of m 6 A is found in metabolism, embryogenesis, and developmental processes, indicating a possible epigenetic regulation role along RNA processing and exerting biological functions. It has been known that m 6 A editing involves in nuclear RNA export, mRNA degradation, protein translation, and RNA splicing. Deficiency of m 6 A modification will lead to kinds of diseases, such as obesity, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), infertility, and developmental arrest. Some specific inhibitors against methyltransferase and demethylase have been developed to selectively regulate m 6 A modification, which may be advantageous for treatment of m 6 A related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2534-2543, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Süt ve Rekonstitüe Sütün Ohmik Isıtılmasının İncelenmesi: Reolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

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Filiz İçier

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, eşdeğer yağ ve kuru madde içeriğine sahip tam yağlı süt ve rekonstititüe süt örneklerinin ohmik ısıtılmasının reolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Örnekler 30 V/cm voltaj gradyanında 20 °C’den 80 °C’e kadar ohmik olarak ısıtılmışlardır. Kontrol amaçlı olarak eşdeğer ısıl geçmişe sahip su banyosunda ısıtma işlemi de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki ısıtma yöntemi sırasında, kıvam özelliklerinin değişimi eş merkezli silindirik tip viskometre kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan ısıtma yönteminin ve örnek çeşidinin viskozite değerlerindeki değişim üzerine etkisinin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Viskozitenin, rekonstitüe süt örnekleri için ohmik ısıtma, süt örnekleri için ise geleneksel ısıtma sırasındaki sıcaklık artışına daha hassas olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler kurulacak pilot ve endüstriyel çaptaki sürekli ohmik ısıtma sistemlerinin tasarımında, özellikle pompalama gereksinimi ve ohmik ısıtma ünitesi içinde akış profillerinin değişimi açısından dikkate alınmalıdır. Ohmik ısıtıcı içinde oluşacak hız profillerindeki kararlılığın sağlanabilmesi homojen ısıtma için kaçınılmazdır.

One-pot and one-step novel N-methylation of 2,6-diaminopyridine

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Mehdi Nabati

2014-07-01

Full Text Available 2,6-Diaminopyridine is extensively used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and a hair dye coupler. It is soluble in protic solvents. Primary and secondary amines are N-methylated by various me-thods such as direct alkylation of amines with Hofmann mechanism, but in many of these me-thods due to over-alkylations, we earn a mixture of amino products. Consequently, they aren't selective in the case of secondary amines preparation. Also, the synthesis of secondary amines is a problematic field in organic chemistry. In this research, 2,6-diaminopyridine N-methylated-selictivity was done from reaction with sodium azide and orthoformic ester in low time with good yields.

Formación cognoscitiva y rendimiento táctico

OpenAIRE

Solà Santesmases, Josep

1998-01-01

Este trabajo experimental trata de demostrar que la formación cognoscitiva previa (variable independiente) a la acción táctica deportiva (variable dependiente) es significativamente positiva para el correcto desarrollo de la misma. Esta formación cognoscitiva previa consistirá en la muestra de gráficos y dibujos de los movimientos tácticos a realizar. De esta manera, se ofrece a cada jugador del grupo experimental el conocimiento cognoscitivo que tendrá que guiar sus acciones tácticas en el j...

Nonstatic, self-consistent πN t matrix in nuclear matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Orden, J.W.

1984-01-01

In a recent paper, a calculation of the self-consistent πN t matrix in nuclear matter was presented. In this calculation the driving term of the self-consistent equation was chosen to be a static approximation to the free πN t matrix. In the present work, the earlier calculation is extended by using a nonstatic, fully-off-shell free πN t matrix as a starting point. Right-hand pole and cut contributions to the P-wave πN amplitudes are derived using a Low expansion and include effects due to recoil of the interacting πN system as well as the transformation from the πN c.m. frame to the nuclear rest frame. The self-consistent t-matrix equation is rewritten as two integral equations which modify the pole and cut contributions to the t matrix separately. The self-consistent πN t matrix is calculated in nuclear matter and a nonlocal optical potential is constructed from it. The resonant contribution to the optical potential is found to be broadened by 20% to 50% depending on pion momentum and is shifted upward in energy by approximately 10 MeV in comparison to the first-order optical potential. Modifications to the nucleon pole contribution are found to be negligible

Hydrothermal synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a new three-dimensional iron arsenate [C6N4H21][FeIII3(HAsO4)6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, Vandavasi Koteswara; Natarajan, Srinivasan

2006-01-01

A hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of iron oxalate, arsenic pentoxide, hydrofluoric acid and triethylenetetramine (TETA) at 150deg. C for 48h gives rise to a new iron arsenate [C 6 N 4 H 21 ][Fe 3 (HAsO 4 ) 6 ], I. The structure consists of a network of FeO 6 and AsO 4 building units connected through their vertices giving rise to a new secondary building unit, SBU-5. The SBU-5 units are through their corners forming a three-dimensional structure possessing one-dimensional channels bound by 8-T atoms (T=Fe, As). The formation of SBU-5 units is noteworthy. Variable temperature magnetic studies indicate antiferromagnetic interactions between the Fe centers with T N of 21.9K. Crystal data: M=1156.36, monoclinic, space group=C2/c (no. 15), a=18.422(3)A, b=8.8527(13)A, c=16.169(2)A, β=111.592(2) o , V=2451.9(6)A 3 , Z=8, ρ calc =3.037gcm -3 , μ(Mo Kα)=9.903mm -1 , R 1 =0.0358, wR 2 =0.0763, S=1.140 for 234 parameters

The structure of gene product 6 of bacteriophage T4, the hinge-pin of the baseplate.

Science.gov (United States)

Aksyuk, Anastasia A; Leiman, Petr G; Shneider, Mikhail M; Mesyanzhinov, Vadim V; Rossmann, Michael G

2009-06-10

The baseplate of bacteriophage T4 is a multicomponent protein complex, which controls phage attachment to the host. It assembles from six wedges and a central hub. During infection the baseplate undergoes a large conformational change from a dome-shaped to a flat, star-shaped structure. We report the crystal structure of the C-terminal half of gene product (gp) 6 and investigate its motion with respect to the other proteins during the baseplate rearrangement. Six gp6 dimers interdigitate, forming a ring that maintains the integrity of the baseplate in both conformations. One baseplate wedge contains an N-terminal dimer of gp6, whereas neighboring wedges are tied together through the C-terminal dimer of gp6. The dimeric interactions are preserved throughout the rearrangement of the baseplate. However, the hinge angle between the N- and C-terminal parts of gp6 changes by approximately 15 degrees , accounting for a 10 A radial increase in the diameter of the gp6 ring.

Evaluación de la técnica Western blot para la detección de antígenos de Hymenolepis nana

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Flora Chávez-Salas

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la técnica de inmunoelectrotransferencia (Western Blot para detectar los antígenos específicos de excreción/secreción de Hymenolepis nana en sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis y con otras helmintiosis confirmadas. Se utilizó a Mesocricetus auratus “hamster” para obtener ejemplares adultos de H. nana. Los antígenos de excreción/secreción fueron obtenidos en el medio MEM (Minimum Essential Medium Eagle, y enfrentados con un grupo de sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada para evaluar su calidad inmunológica y con sueros individuales de pacientes con himenolepiosis y con otras helmintiosis confirmadas para detectar mediante la técnica de “Western Blot”, los antígenos específicos de este cestode. El grupo de sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada reconoció las bandas antigénicas de 50,1; 42,6; 38,9; 32,9; 26,3; 22,4 y 18,6 kDa; sin embargo, los sueros individuales reconocieron diferente número de bandas, siendo la de 50,1 KDa la que fue reconocida por todos ellos. Los sueros de pacientes con helmintiosis confirmadas no reconocieron la banda de 50,1 kDa; sin embargo, dieron reacción cruzada con algunas de las demás bandas, a excepción de los sueros de pacientes con cisticercosis que no reconocieron a ninguna de las bandas de estos antígenos. Se concluye que el antígeno de excreción/secreción de H. nana de 50,1 kDa es específico de este cestode por ser reconocido por todos los sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada y no por sueros de pacientes con otras helmintiosis utilizando la técnica de “Western Blot”.

Evaluación de las técnicas de atenuación natural, bioventing, bioaumentación y bioaumentación- bioventing, para la biodegradación de diésel en un suelo arenoso, en experimentos en columna

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Angélica María Muskus Morales

2013-08-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio fue desarrollado dentro del convenio de cooperación institucional realizado entre laUniversidad Pontifi cia Bolivariana, Seccional Bucaramanga y el Instituto Colombiano de Petróleos – ICP, con el fi nde dar solución a una problemática que se presenta en las zonas de manejo de hidrocarburos, donde se evidenciansuelos arenosos contaminados con diésel hasta concentraciones del 6% y a una profundidad máxima de 80 cm.Para el desarrollo metodológico se contaminó un suelo artifi cialmente con diésel para evaluar las técnicas deBioventing, Atenuación Natural, Bioaumentación y Bioventing-Bioaumentación, utilizando montajes en columnas.Se defi nieron los parámetros de diseño y seguimiento como dimensiones de las columnas, caudal de entrada,concentración de diésel, oxígeno disuelto y crecimiento bacteriano; para la bioaumentación se inoculó el suelocon un consorcio bacteriano producido por el ICP. Se realizaron los montajes experimentales por triplicado y secontroló el proceso durante cuatro meses. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que en la técnica de Bioventingse obtuvieron porcentajes de remoción de diésel hasta del 97%. Con la técnica de Bioventing-Bioaumentación sealcanzaron porcentajes de remoción hasta del 75% y con las técnicas de Atenuación Natural y Bioaumentación,los porcentajes de remoción no superaron el 48%. El estudio mostró que el consorcio bacteriano utilizado yevaluado mediante las técnicas de Bioaumentación y Bioventing-Bioaumentación, no potencializó la efi cienciade los procesos de biorremediación del suelo arenoso contaminado con diésel.

Utilizaci??n de la normativa APA 6?? edici??n

OpenAIRE

Justicia-Arr??ez, Ana

2016-01-01

Tomando como referencia la normativa APA en su 6?? edici??n publicada en 2010 en el Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) por la American Psychological Association, se presenta una gu??a pr??ctica dirigida al alumnado de Ciencias de la Educaci??n.

Prevention of non-ductile fracture in 6061-T6 aluminum nuclear pressure vessels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yahr, G.T.

1995-01-01

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee has approved rules for the use of 6061-T6 and 6061-T651 aluminum for the construction of Class 1 welded nuclear pressure vessels for temperatures not exceeding 149 C (300 F). Nuclear Code Case N-519 allows the use of this aluminum in the construction of low temperature research reactors such as the Advanced Neutron Source. The rules for protection against non-ductile fracture are discussed. The basis for a value of 25.3 MPa √m (23 ksi √in.) for the critical or reference stress intensity factor for use in the fracture analysis is presented. Requirements for consideration of the effects of neutron irradiation on the fracture toughness are discussed

Structural conservation, variability, and immunogenicity of the T6 backbone pilin of serotype M6 Streptococcus pyogenes.

Science.gov (United States)

Young, Paul G; Moreland, Nicole J; Loh, Jacelyn M; Bell, Anita; Atatoa Carr, Polly; Proft, Thomas; Baker, Edward N

2014-07-01

Group A streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) is a Gram-positive human pathogen that causes a broad range of diseases ranging from acute pharyngitis to the poststreptococcal sequelae of acute rheumatic fever. GAS pili are highly diverse, long protein polymers that extend from the cell surface. They have multiple roles in infection and are promising candidates for vaccine development. This study describes the structure of the T6 backbone pilin (BP; Lancefield T-antigen) from the important M6 serotype. The structure reveals a modular arrangement of three tandem immunoglobulin-like domains, two with internal isopeptide bonds. The T6 pilin lysine, essential for polymerization, is located in a novel VAKS motif that is structurally homologous to the canonical YPKN pilin lysine in other three- and four-domain Gram-positive pilins. The T6 structure also highlights a conserved pilin core whose surface is decorated with highly variable loops and extensions. Comparison to other Gram-positive BPs shows that many of the largest variable extensions are found in conserved locations. Studies with sera from patients diagnosed with GAS-associated acute rheumatic fever showed that each of the three T6 domains, and the largest of the variable extensions (V8), are targeted by IgG during infection in vivo. Although the GAS BP show large variations in size and sequence, the modular nature of the pilus proteins revealed by the T6 structure may aid the future design of a pilus-based vaccine. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Research of H5N6 Treatment by Comparing with H6N1 and H10N8 by Using Decision Tree and Apriori Algorithm

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Kim Sunghyun

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Since 2003, 608 people in 15 countries have infected with human-infectious AI viruses and 359 of them died. Especially, in China, H6N1 and H10N8 viruses were wide-spread and a lot of people were infected and died. Recently, H5N6 virus emerged in China and the number of patients has been increasing gradually. Therefore, this research compared amino acid strain of Matrix Protein, Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase and Nucleoprotein of H5N6, H6N1 and H10N8, by using Decision tree and Apriori Algorithm, to figure out their similarity and devise the treatment. In result, Matrix protein and Nucleoprotein sequences of H5N6 were similar with those of H6N1 and H10N8. Therefore, this research concluded that the treatment targeting those proteins of H6N1 and H10N8 will be also effective to H5N6.

Endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate T cell-mediated hepatitis via autophagy activation

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Yanli Li

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory effects in several liver disorders, including cirrhosis, acute liver failure, and fatty liver disease. To date, little is known about their role in immune-mediated liver diseases. In this study, we used fat-1 transgenic mice rich in endogenous n-3 PUFAs to examine the role of n-3 PUFAs in immune-mediated liver injury. Concanavalin A (Con A was administered intravenously to wild-type (WT and fat-1 transgenic mice to induce T cell-mediated hepatitis. Reduced liver damage was shown in Con A-administrated fat-1 transgenic mice, as evidenced by decreased mortality, attenuated hepatic necrosis, lessened serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT activity, and inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A and IFN-γ. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs significantly inhibited the activation of hepatic T cells and the differentiation of Th1 cells after Con A challenge. Further studies showed that n-3 PUFAs markedly increased autophagy level in Con A-treated fat-1 T cells compared with the WT counterparts. Blocking hepatic autophagy activity with chloroquine diminished the differences in T cell activation and liver injury between Con A-injected WT and fat-1 transgenic mice. We conclude that n-3 PUFAs limit Con A-induced hepatitis via an autophagy-dependent mechanism, and could be exploited as a new therapeutic approach for autoimmune hepatitis.

Extensión del Algoritmo Evolutivo MOS con técnicas de Evolución Diferencial

OpenAIRE

Fernández Martín, Jaime

2008-01-01

Integración de un nuevo algoritmo de Evolución Diferencial en una librería de Algoritmos Evolutivos y su adaptación en forma de técnica para el algoritmo de hibridación MOS (Multiple Offspring Sampling). MOS es capaz de adaptarse a los problemas, premiando a las técnicas que mejores resutlados vayan obteniendo. Pruebas y estudios sobre los resultados obtenidos con esta nueva técnica.

Differential Role of the T6SS in Acinetobacter baumannii Virulence

Science.gov (United States)

Foucault-Grunenwald, Marie-Laure; Borges, Vitor; Charpentier, Xavier; Limansky, Adriana S.; Gomes, João Paulo; Viale, Alejandro M.; Salcedo, Suzana P.

2015-01-01

Gram-negative bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, are an increasing burden in hospitals worldwide with an alarming spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Herein, we compared a type strain (ATCC17978), a non-clinical isolate (DSM30011) and MDR strains of A. baumannii implicated in hospital outbreaks (Ab242, Ab244 and Ab825), revealing distinct patterns of type VI secretion system (T6SS) functionality. The T6SS genomic locus is present and was actively transcribed in all of the above strains. However, only the A. baumannii DSM30011 strain was capable of killing Escherichia coli in a T6SS-dependent manner, unlike the clinical isolates, which failed to display an active T6SS in vitro. In addition, DSM30011 was able to outcompete ATCC17978 as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacterial pathogens relevant in mixed nosocomial infections. Finally, we found that the T6SS of DSM30011 is required for host colonization of the model organism Galleria mellonella suggesting that this system could play an important role in A. baumannii virulence in a strain-specific manner. PMID:26401654

Differential Role of the T6SS in Acinetobacter baumannii Virulence.

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Guillermo D Repizo

Full Text Available Gram-negative bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, are an increasing burden in hospitals worldwide with an alarming spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR strains. Herein, we compared a type strain (ATCC17978, a non-clinical isolate (DSM30011 and MDR strains of A. baumannii implicated in hospital outbreaks (Ab242, Ab244 and Ab825, revealing distinct patterns of type VI secretion system (T6SS functionality. The T6SS genomic locus is present and was actively transcribed in all of the above strains. However, only the A. baumannii DSM30011 strain was capable of killing Escherichia coli in a T6SS-dependent manner, unlike the clinical isolates, which failed to display an active T6SS in vitro. In addition, DSM30011 was able to outcompete ATCC17978 as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacterial pathogens relevant in mixed nosocomial infections. Finally, we found that the T6SS of DSM30011 is required for host colonization of the model organism Galleria mellonella suggesting that this system could play an important role in A. baumannii virulence in a strain-specific manner.

Evolución de los sistemas técnicos de reproducción musical

OpenAIRE

Picornell Pérez, Guillermo

2015-01-01

Con el fin de analizar la caracterización del proceso de evolución de los sistemas técnicos de reproducción musical se han planteado dos vías principales de análisis: en primer lugar, el estudio de las características técnicas de cuatro sistemas de reproducción que se han considerado representativos de dicho avance (sistemas basados en disco de vinilo, casete compacto, disco compacto y formato de codificación perceptual) y, en segundo lugar, el funcionamiento de dichos sistemas dentro del con...

Photoreflectance study of strained GaAsN/GaAs T-junction quantum wires grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy.

Science.gov (United States)

Klangtakai, Pawinee; Sanorpim, Sakuntam; Onabe, Kentaro

2011-12-01

Strained GaAsN T-junction quantum wires (T-QWRs) with different N contents grown on GaAs by two steps metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy in [001] and [110] directions, namely QW1 and QW2 respectively, have been investigated by photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. Two GaAsN T-QWRs with different N contents were formed by T-intersection of (i) a 6.4-nm-thick GaAs0.89N0.011 QW1 and a 5.2-nm-thick GaAs0.968N0.032 QW2 and (ii) a 5.0-nm-thick GaAs0.985N0.015 QW1 and a 5.2-nm-thick GaAs0.968N0.032 QW2. An evidence of a one-dimensional structure at T-intersection of the two QWs on the (001) and (110) surfaces was established by PR resonances associated with extended states in all the QW and T-QWR samples. It is found that larger lateral confinement energy than 100 meV in both of [001] and [110] directions were achieved for GaAsN T-QWRs. With increasing temperature, the transition energy of GaAsN T-QWRs decreases with a faster shrinking rate compared to that of bulk GaAs. Optical quality of GaAsN T-QWRs is found to be affected by the N-induced band edge fluctuation, which is the unique characteristic of dilute III-V-nitrides.

Isopiestic determination of the osmotic coefficient and vapour pressure of N-R-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (R = C4H9, C5H11, C6H13) in the ethanol solution at T = 298.15 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sardroodi, Jaber Jahanbin; Atabay, Maryam; Azamat, Jafar

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► The osmotic coefficients of the solutions of ionic liquid in ethanol have been measured. ► Measured osmotic coefficients were correlated using Pitzer, e-NRTL and NRF models and polynomial equation. ► Vapour pressures were evaluated from the correlated osmotic coefficients. - Abstract: Osmotic coefficients of the solutions of room temperature ionic liquid N-R-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (R = C 4 H 9 , C 5 H 11 , C 6 H 13 ) in ethanol have been measured at T = 298.15 K by the isopiestic method. The experimental osmotic coefficients have been correlated using the ion interaction model of Pitzer, electrolyte non-random two liquid (e-NRTL) model of Chen, non-random factor (NRF) and a fourth-order polynomial in terms of molality. The vapour pressures of the solutions studied have been evaluated from the osmotic coefficients.

IPv6-protokolla

OpenAIRE

Hautanen, Jukka-Pekka

2012-01-01

Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tutkia IPv6-protokollaa ja IPv6-protokollan yhteensopivuutta IPv4-protokollan kanssa. Työn alussa tarkastellaan IPv6-protokollan historiaa ja tämän hetkistä levinneisyyttä. Työssä paneudutaan tarkemmin IPv6-protokollan pääpiirteisiin: IPv6-protokollan osoitetyypit ja niiden esitystavat, aliverkotus, IPv6-protokollan uudistetun otsikon rakenne ja uudet lisäotsikot. Edellä mainittuja pääpiirteitä verrataan tarvittaessa IPv4-protokollaan, jotta nähdään parannukset...

Detección de T-patterns en la observación de deportes de combate

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Oleguer Camerino

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es implementar el análisis y detección de las estructuras temporales de los acontecimientos deportivos opatrones temporales o T-pattern para detectar los errores técnicos y sus secuencias conductuales en la proyección de judo kosoto-gari y así proponercambios metodológicos en los procesos de enseñanza del judo. Los participantes (n = 50; 38 hombres y 12 mujeres; M = 19.23 años; DE = 1.12,estudiantes del grado en CAFE sin experiencia previa en judo, se sometieron, a partir de un estudio observacional sistemático, a un registro en video dela ejecución de la técnica de estudio. Los resultados, determinados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis secuencial de T-Patterns obtenido con elprograma Theme 5, corroboran que existe una serie de defectos típicos que comete el sujeto en el aprendizaje de esta proyección, así como unas secuenciasde errores en cadena, que básicamente afectan al desequilibrio, a la posición de los pies y cadera-tronco, a la incorrecta acción de siega y a la acciónfinal de los brazos. Estos resultados nos permiten proponer, en el aprendizaje del judo, secuencias de movimientos que garanticen el éxito en la proyeccióny recomendaciones sobre la utilización del feedback.

ANÁLISIS ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICO DE LA DISPERSIÓN DEL INTERVALO TPICO-TFINAL EN EL INFARTO AGUDO DE MIOCARDIO CON ELEVACIÓN DEL ST / Electrocardiographic analysis of the T peak-T end interval dispersion in acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation

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Raimundo Carmona Puerta

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Resumen Introducción y objetivos: La dispersión del intervalo TPICO-TFINAL (Tpeak-Tend constituye una novedosa variable electrocardiográfica asociada recientemente, al riesgo de arritmias ventriculares malignas en el síndrome de Brugada, pero apenas se ha estudiado en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST, por lo que se decidió analizarlo en este contexto. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal donde se compararon los electrocardiogramas de 37 pacientes con infarto con elevación del segmento ST y otros 37, supuestamente sanos con respecto a las variables electrocardiográficas que evalúan la repolarización ventricular. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas (p<0,001 al comparar a los pacientes infartados (QT 416,9 ± 42,3; QTc 431,4 ± 36,2 con los sanos (QT 441,2 ± 57,4 y QTc 477,6 ± 58,5, y significativas (p < 0,05 en la TPICO-TFINAL (37.2 ms vs. 21,6 ms. Existió correlación significativa entre el QT y la TPICO-TFINAL en el IMACEST inferior y ántero-septal, la que fue doblemente intensa en la localización ántero-septal (r = 0,34 vs. r = 0,80. Conclusiones: La dispersión del intervalo TPICO-TFINAL fue significativamente mayor en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST, independientemente de la localización del infarto. / Abstract Introduction and objectives: Tpeak-Tend interval dispersion is a new electrocardiographic variable recently associated to the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome but it has hardly been studied in the acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. That is why it was analyzed in this context. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which the electrocardiograms of 37 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions and other 37 apparently healthy patients (regarding electrocardiographic variables that assess ventricular repolarization were compared. Results

Radiation dose response in patients with favorable localized prostate cancer (Stage T1-T2, biopsy Gleason ≤6, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen ≤10)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kupelian, Patrick A.; Buchsbaum, Jeffrey C.; Reddy, Chandana A.; Klein, Eric A.

2001-01-01

Purpose: To study the radiation dose response as determined by biochemical relapse-free survival in patients with favorable localized prostate cancers, i.e., Stage T1-T2, biopsy Gleason score (bGS) ≤6, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (iPSA) ≤10 ng/mL. Methods and Materials: A total of 292 patients with favorable localized prostate cancer were treated with radiotherapy alone between 1986 and 1999. The median age was 69 years. Sixteen percent of cases (n=46) were African-American. The distribution by clinical T stage was as follows: T1/T2A, 243 (83%); and T2B/T2C, 49 (17%). The distribution by iPSA was as follows: ≤4 ng/mL, 49 (17%); and >4 ng/mL, 243 (83%). The mean iPSA level was 6.2 (median, 6.4). The distribution by bGS was as follows: ≤5 in 89 cases (30%) and 6 in 203 cases (70%). The median radiation dose was 70.0 Gy (range, 63.0-78.0 Gy). Doses of ≤70.0 Gy were delivered in 175 cases, 70.2-72.0 Gy in 24 cases, 74 Gy in 30 cases, and 78 Gy in 63 cases. For patients receiving 2 =5.7), and radiation dose (p=0.021, χ 2 =5.3) were independent predictors of outcome. Age (p=0.94), race (p=0.89), stage (p=0.45), biopsy GS (p=0.40), and radiation technique (p=0.45) were not. Conclusion: There is a clear radiation dose response in patients with favorable localized prostate cancers (i.e., Stage T1-T2, biopsy Gleason score ≤6, and iPSA ≤10 ng/mL). At least 74 Gy should be delivered to the prostate and periprostatic tissues. With our cohort of patients, longer follow-up will be needed to assess the importance of doses exceeding 74 Gy

Dependence on Temperature, pH, and Cl"− in the Uniform Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys 2024-T3, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, I-Wen; Hurley, Belinda L.; Yang, Fan; Buchheit, Rudolph G.

2016-01-01

With regards to localized corrosion, the role of uniform corrosion of aluminum alloys has not always been accounted for in the past. The impact of uniform corrosion on aluminum alloys 2024-T3, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6 is studied here to provide quantitative evidence of its importance. Preliminary weight loss experiments combined with optical profilometry (OP) indicate that corrosion attributed to uniform corrosion is very significant when compared to localized corrosion. A series of free immersion tests were conducted to understand the influence of environmental variables including temperature (20, 40, 60, 80 °C), initial pH without buffering (3, 5, 8, 10) and chloride concentration (0.01, 0.1, 1 M) for 1, 7, and 30 days. With time, uniform corrosion results exhibited a strong dependence on temperature accompanied by variable pH- and temperature-dependent corrosion product formation. Electrochemical approaches including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cathodic polarization were utilized to characterize the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and corrosion product formation as a function of temperature. Electron microscopy was conducted to assess the microstructure and morphology of corrosion products and provide supporting evidence for electrochemical findings.

Cuantificación de la seguridad en túneles

OpenAIRE

Rey Llorente, Ignacio del; Vega Domínguez, Jaime; Fraile de Lerma, Alberto; Alarcón Álvarez, Enrique

2005-01-01

El desarrollo de la red de infraestructuras y las crecientes exigencias medioambientales han conducido al incremento de la construcción de túneles. Por otro lado los accidentes que se han producido y la consiguiente alarma social han puesto a la profesión ante la necesidad de incorporar todas las técnicas disponibles para garantizar niveles de seguridad aceptables. En este artículo se describen algunos procedimientos de cuantificación tanto en lo relativo a la situación de servicio, ...

Theoretical study of the structure of a Ga{sub 6}N{sub 6} cluster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song Bin; Cao Peilin; Li Baoxing

2003-08-25

The structures and energies of a Ga{sub 6}N{sub 6} cluster have been calculated using a full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital (FP-LMTO) method, combined with molecular dynamics and simulated annealing techniques. We obtained 19 structures for a Ga{sub 6}N{sub 6} cluster. The most stable structure we obtained is a C{sub s} three-dimensional structure with a N{sub 2} and N{sub 3} subunits. The calculated results show that the existence of strong N-N bonds still dominates the structure of a Ga{sub 6}N{sub 6} cluster, supporting the previous result made by Kandalam et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 1945]. Through the calculation of the density of states we found that the most stable structure of Ga{sub 6}N{sub 6} clusters presented semiconductor-like properties.

Determinación experimental de la aptitud a la expansión térmica de arcillas

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KARYN ALEXANDRA GIRALDO CÁRDENAS

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objeto fundamental estudiar, a escala de laboratorio, la aptitud a la expansión térmica de diferentes muestras de arcillas variando la temperatura de quema y modificando la composición de éstas con la adición de agentes promotores de la expansión térmica, como carbonato de calcio y cenizas volantes de carbón. El procedimiento experimental comprendió cuatro etapas: preparación, caracterización, pruebas preliminares de quema y ensayos de quema específicos; utilizando como criterio de expansión térmica el cambio porcentual de volumen de las muestras, y como criterios de calidad de los productos obtenidos, la densidad, la porosidad abierta y la absorción de agua. Finalmente, se encontró que una de las arcillas estudiadas presentó aptitud a la expansión térmica de manera natural y que otras cinco arcillas, mezcladas con diferentes proporciones de aditivos, también expandieron térmicamente a temperaturas comprendidas entre 1100°C y 1250°C.

Computational Approaches to the Determination of the Molecular Geometry of Acrolein in its T_1(n,π*) State

Science.gov (United States)

McAnally, Michael O.; Hlavacek, Nikolaus C.; Drucker, Stephen

2012-06-01

The spectroscopically derived inertial constants for acrolein (propenal) in its T_1(n,π*) state were used to test predictions from a variety of computational methods. One focus was on multiconfigurational methods, such as CASSCF and CASPT2, that are applicable to excited states. We also examined excited-state methods that utilize single reference configurations, including EOM-EE-CCSD and TD-PBE0. Finally, we applied unrestricted ground-state techniques, such as UCCSD(T) and the more economical UPBE0 method, to the T_1(n,π*) excited state under the constraint of C_s symmetry. The unrestricted ground-state methods are applicable because at a planar geometry, the T_1(n,π*) state of acrolein is the lowest-energy state of its spin multiplicity. Each of the above methods was used with a triple zeta quality basis set to optimize the T_1(n,π*) geometry. This procedure resulted in the following sets of inertial constants: Inertial constants (cm-1) of acrolein in its T_1(n,π*) state Method A B C Method A B C CASPT2(6,5) 1.667 0.1491 0.1368 UCCSD(T)^b 1.668 0.1480 0.1360 CASSCF(6,5) 1.667 0.1491 0.1369 UPBE0 1.699 0.1487 0.1367 EOM-EE-CCSD 1.675 0.1507 0.1383 TD-PBE0 1.719 0.1493 0.1374 Experiment^a 1.662 0.1485 0.1363 The two multiconfigurational methods produce the same inertial constants, and those constants agree closely with experiment. However the sets of computed bond lengths differ significantly for the two methods. In the CASSCF calculation, the lengthening of the C=O and C=C bonds and the shortening of the C--C bond are more pronounced than in CASPT2. O. S. Bokareva et al., Int. J. Quant. Chem. {108}, 2719 (2008).

Evaluación de técnicas de reducción de ruido en habla

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M.E. Torres

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo evalúa la inteligibilidad y la calidad de señales de voz luego de ser procesadas por un conjunto de técnicas de reducción de ruido. La inteligibilidad se mide en porcentaje de palabras repetidas correctamente en una prueba subjetiva de reconocimiento, y se discuten las sustituciones fonéticas más frecuentes en términos de matrices de confusión. La calidad de las señales obtenidas se evalúa en forma subjetiva y también objetiva a partir de un conjunto de medidas seleccionadas al efecto. En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de algunas de las técnicas clásicas más utilizadas, tales como Sustracción Espectral, Filtrado de Wiener y Ephraim-Malah. Además se muestran los resultados de la evaluación preliminar de técnicas más recientes, como las basadas en transformada ondita. Se presenta y discute el desempeño relativo de cada algoritmo considerado.

Interactions between the APOA5 -1131T>C and the FEN1 10154G>T polymorphisms on ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids and coronary artery disease

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Ju Yeon; Paik, Jean Kyung; Kim, Oh Yoen; Chae, Jey Sook; Jang, Yangsoo; Lee, Jong Ho

2010-01-01

We determined the contribution of the combination of FEN1 10154G>T with the most significant association in the analysis of plasma arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4ω6) and the APOA5-1131T>C on phospholipid ω6PUFA and coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAD (n = 807, 27–81 years of age) and healthy controls (n = 1123) were genotyped for FEN1 10154G>T and APOA5-1131T>C. We found a significant interaction between these two genes for CAD risk (P = 0.007) adjusted for confounding factors. APOA5-1131C allele carriers had a higher CAD risk [odds ratio (OR):1.484, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.31–1.96; P = 0.005] compared with APOA5-1131TT individuals in the FEN1 10154GG genotype group but not in the FEN1 10154T allele group (OR:1.096, 95%CI:0.84–1.43; P = 0.504). Significant interactions between these two genes were also observed for the AA proportion (P = 0.04) and the ratio of AA/linoleic acid (LA, 18:2ω6) (P = 0.004) in serum phospholipids of controls. The APOA5-1131C allele was associated with lower AA (P = 0.027) and AA/LA (P = 0.014) only in controls carrying the FEN1 10154T allele. In conclusion, the interaction between these genes suggests that the FEN1 10154T variant allele decreases AA and AA/LA in the serum phospholipids of carriers of the APOA5-1131C allele, but contributes no significant increase in CAD risk for this population subset despite their increased triglylcerides and decreased apoA5. PMID:20802161

Measurement of elliptic flow of light nuclei at √{sN N}=200 , 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horvat, S.; Huang, T.; Huang, X.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jang, H.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Koetke, D. D.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kumar, L.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Li, W.; Lin, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Ma, R.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, L.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Manion, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; McKinzie, S.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Noh, S. Y.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V. A.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, M. K.; Sharma, B.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, Z.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Solyst, W.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stepanov, M.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Z.; Sun, Y.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Tang, Z.; Tang, A. H.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thäder, J.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vandenbroucke, M.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, Y.; Wang, G.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xie, G.; Xin, K.; Xu, H.; Xu, Z.; Xu, J.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, N.; Yang, Y.; Yang, S.; Yang, C.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yepes, P.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2016-09-01

We present measurements of second-order azimuthal anisotropy (v2) at midrapidity (|y |<1.0 ) for light nuclei d ,t ,3He (for √{sN N}=200 , 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV) and antinuclei d ¯ (√{sN N}=200 , 62.4, 39, 27, and 19.6 GeV) and ¯3He (√{sN N}=200 GeV) in the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC) experiment. The v2 for these light nuclei produced in heavy-ion collisions is compared with those for p and p ¯. We observe mass ordering in nuclei v2(pT) at low transverse momenta (pT<2.0 GeV/c ). We also find a centrality dependence of v2 for d and d ¯. The magnitude of v2 for t and 3He agree within statistical errors. Light-nuclei v2 are compared with predictions from a blast-wave model. Atomic mass number (A ) scaling of light-nuclei v2(pT) seems to hold for pT/A <1.5 GeV /c . Results on light-nuclei v2 from a transport-plus-coalescence model are consistent with the experimental measurements.

Mononuclear Amido and Binuclear Imido Zirconium Complexes Supported by Dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene Ligands. X-ray Structure of [(Me(4)taa)Zr(&mgr;-NR)(2)Zr(NHR)(2)] (R = Bu(t) or 2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2)).

Science.gov (United States)

Nikonov, Georgii I.; Blake, Alexander J.; Mountford, Philip

1997-03-12

Reaction of 2 equiv of Li[NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)R(2)] with [(Me(4)taa)ZrCl(2)] (Me(4)taaH(2) = tetramethyldibenzotetraaza[14]annulene) gives the bis(amido) derivatives [(Me(4)taa)Zr(NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)R(2))(2)] [R = Pr(i) (1) and Me (2)]. Addition of Me(4)taaH(2) to [Zr(N-2,6-C(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2))(NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2))(2)(py)(2)] also affords 1. The reaction of 2 equiv of aryl or alkyl amines H(2)NR with the bis(alkyl) complex [(Me(4)taa)Zr(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2)] is the most versatile method for preparing [(Me(4)taa)Zr(NHR)(2)] (R = 2,6-C(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2), 2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2), Ph, or Bu(t)). Reaction of 1 equiv of Me(4)taaH(2) with the binuclear complexes [(Bu(t)NH)(2)Zr(&mgr;-NBu(t))(2)Zr(NHBu(t))(2)] or [(py)(HN-2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2))(2)Zr(&mgr;-N-2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2))(2)Zr(NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2))(2)(py)] gives the asymmetrically substituted derivatives [(Me(4)taa)Zr(&mgr;-NR)(2)Zr(NHR)(2)] [R = Bu(t) (6) or 2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2) (8)], which have been crystallographically characterized.

Genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman reveals the dominance of Panton–Valentine leucocidin-negative ST6-IV/t304 clone

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E.E. Udo

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA genotypes circulating at a tertiary hospital in the Sultanate of Oman. A total of 79 MRSA isolates were obtained from different clinical samples and investigated using antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE, staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec, Spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST. The isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline and mupirocin but were resistant to tetracycline (30.4%, erythromycin (26.6%, clindamycin (24.1%, trimethoprim (19.0%, ciprofloxacin (17.7%, fusidic acid (15.2% and gentamicin (12.7%. Molecular typing revealed 19 PFGE patterns, 26 Spa types and 21 sequence types. SCCmec-IV (86.0% was the dominant SCCmec type, followed by SCCmec-V (10.1%. SCCmec-III (2.5% and SCCmec-II (1.3% were less common. ST6-IV/t304 (n = 30 and ST1295-IV/t690 (n = 12 were the dominant genotypes followed by ST772-V/t657 (n = 5, ST30-IV/t019/t021 (n = 5, ST22-IV/t852 (n = 4, ST80-IV/t044 (n = 3 and 18 single genotypes that were isolated sporadically. On the basis of SCCmec typing and MLST, 91.2% of the isolates were classified as community-associated MRSA and 8.8% of the isolates (consisting of four ST22-IV/t852, one ST239-III/t632, one ST5-III/t311 and one ST5-II/t003 were classified as healthcare-associated MRSA. The study has revealed the dominance of a Panton–Valentine leucocidin-negative ST6-IV/t304 clone and provided insights into the distribution of antibiotic resistance in MRSA at the tertiary hospital in Oman. It also highlights the importance of surveillance in detecting the emergence of new MRSA clones in a healthcare facility.

N6-Benzyladenosine Derivatives as Novel N-Donor Ligands of Platinum(II Dichlorido Complexes

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Ján Vančo

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The platinum(II complexes trans-[PtCl2(Ln2]∙xSolv 1–13 (Solv = H2O or CH3OH, involving N6-benzyladenosine-based N-donor ligands, were synthesized; Ln stands for N6-(2-methoxybenzyladenosine (L1, involved in complex 1, N6-(4-methoxy-benzyladenosine (L2, 2, N6-(2-chlorobenzyladenosine (L3, 3, N6-(4-chlorobenzyl-adenosine (L4, 4, N6-(2-hydroxybenzyladenosine (L5, 5, N6-(3-hydroxybenzyl-adenosine (L6, 6, N6-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyladenosine (L7, 7, N6-(4-fluoro-benzyladenosine (L8, 8, N6-(4-methylbenzyladenosine (L9, 9, 2-chloro-N6-(3-hydroxy-benzyladenosine (L10, 10, 2-chloro-N6-(4-hydroxybenzyladenosine (L11, 11, 2-chloro-N6-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyladenosine (L12, 12 and 2-chloro-N6-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyladenosine (L13, 13. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR and multinuclear (1H-, 13C-, 195Pt- and 15N- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, which proved the N7-coordination mode of the appropriate N6-benzyladenosine derivative and trans-geometry of the title complexes. The complexes 1–13 were found to be non-toxic in vitro against two selected human cancer cell lines (HOS and MCF7; with IC50 > 50.0 µM. However, they were found (by ESI-MS study to be able to interact with the physiological levels of the sulfur-containing biogenic biomolecule L-methionine by a relatively simple 1:1 exchange mechanism (one Ln molecule was replaced by one L-methionine molecule, thus forming a mixed-nitrogen/sulfur-ligand dichlorido-platinum(II coordination species.

La depleción de las células T regulatorias aumenta el número de las células CD8 durante la infección con el virus del tumor mamario murino Regulatory T cell depletion increases the number of CD8 cells during mouse mammary tumor virus infection

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Gabriel Cabrera

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El virus del tumor mamario murino (MMTV es un retrovirus que se transmite durante la lactancia y que ha desarrollado estrategias para explotar y subvertir el sistema inmune. En un modelo de infección natural con MMTV hemos mostrado previamente que la infección causa incrementos tempranos y progresivos de células T regulatorias (Treg CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ específicas para el superantígeno (Sag viral en las placas de Peyer (PP. En este trabajo se evaluó si la depleción de las células Treg influencia la población de células CD8+ durante la infección con MMTV a través del amamantamiento. La depleción de las células Treg al día 6 de infección causó incrementos en el porcentaje y número absoluto de las células CD8+ en los ganglios y provocó un incremento en la intensidad de fluorescencia media del marcador de activación CD44 en esas células. Los incrementos en el número absoluto de las células CD8 se observaron en células con cadenas variables Vβ del receptor de las células T (TCR tanto reactivas como no reactivas al Sag. Previamente habíamos demostrado que la depleción de las células Treg al día 6 de infección disminuye la carga viral. Los resultados presentados en este trabajo sugieren que, al menos a partir del día 6 de infección con MMTV, las células Treg podrían tener un rol inhibiendo la generación de una respuesta CD8 antiviral.Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV is a milk-borne betaretrovirus that has developed strategies to exploit and subvert the host immune system. We have shown in a natural model of MMTV infection that the virus causes early and progressive increases in superantigen (Sag-specific CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg in Peyer's patches. Herein, we evaluated whether the depletion of Treg cells affects the CD8+ population during milk-borne MMTV infection. At day 6 of infection, the depletion of Treg cells increased the percentage and absolute number of CD8+ cells in lymph nodes as well as the

Tulospalkkiojärjestelmän kannustavuus – päätöksenteon ilmiöt tulospalkkiojohtamisessa

OpenAIRE

Löfman, Sari

2017-01-01

Opinnäytetyön Tulospalkkiojärjestelmän kannustavuus – päätöksenteon ilmiöt tulospalkkiojohtamisessa tarkoituksena on uudistaa yrityksen tulospalkkiojärjestelmää. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on selvittää, miten tulospalkkiojohtaminen vastaa nykypäivän tarpeisiin henkilöstön näkökulmasta kohdeyrityksessä. Tulosten avulla yritys voi johtamisessa kohdentaa kannustimet aiempaa paremmin sekä nostaa yrityksen tuottavuutta ja samalla myös henkilöstön tyytyväisyyttä. Kohdeyrityksenä on sairaalakiinteist...

Predominant CD4 T-lymphocyte tropism of human herpesvirus 6-related virus.

OpenAIRE

Takahashi, K; Sonoda, S; Higashi, K; Kondo, T; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, M; Yamanishi, K

1989-01-01

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)-related virus was isolated from CD4+ CD8- and CD3+ CD4+ mature T lymphocytes but could not be isolated from CD4- CD8+, CD4- CD8-, and CD3- T cells in the peripheral blood of exanthem subitum patients. HHV-6-related virus predominantly infected CD4+ CD8+, CD4+ CD8-, and CD3+ CD4+ cells with mature phenotypes and rarely infected CD4- CD8+ cells from cord blood mononuclear cells, which suggested predominant CD4 mature T-lymphocyte tropism of HHV-6-related virus.

Structural, Electronic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Tetragonal t-SixGe3−xN4

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Chenxi Han

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The structural, mechanical, anisotropic, electronic, and thermal properties of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 in the tetragonal phase are systematically investigated in the present work. The mechanical stability is proved by the elastic constants of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4. Moreover, they all demonstrate brittleness, because B/G < 1.75, and v < 0.26. The elastic anisotropy of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 is characterized by Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, the percentage of elastic anisotropy for bulk modulus AB, the percentage of elastic anisotropy for shear modulus AG, and the universal anisotropic index AU. The electronic structures of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 are all wide band gap semiconductor materials, with band gaps of 4.26 eV, 3.94 eV, 3.83 eV, and 3.25 eV, respectively, when using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06 hybrid functional. Moreover, t-Ge3N4 is a quasi-direct gap semiconductor material. The thermodynamic properties of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 are investigated utilizing the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The effects of temperature and pressure on the thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity, Debye temperature, and Grüneisen parameters are discussed in detail.

Expression, purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the T6SS effector protein Tse3 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, Defen; Shang, Guijun; Yu, Qian; Zhang, Heqiao; Zhao, Yanyu; Cang, Huaixing; Gu, Lichuan; Xu, Sujuan; Huang, Yan

2013-01-01

Tse3, one of the effectors of the type VI secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has been crystallized and diffracted to 1.5 Å resolution. Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to inject effector proteins into rival cells in niche competition. Tse3, one of the effectors of T6SS, is delivered into the periplasm of recipient cells. Tse3 functions as a muramidase that degrades the β-1,4-linkage between N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in peptidoglycan, thus leading to lysis of the recipient cells and providing a competitive advantage to the donor cells. Here, the preliminary crystallographic study of Tse3 is reported. A crystal of Tse3 diffracted to 1.5 Å resolution. It belonged to space group C121, with unit-cell parameters a = 166.99, b = 70.13, c = 41.94 Å, α = 90.00, β = 90.52, γ = 90.00° and one molecule per asymmetric unit

Is N.D. and N.T. v. Spain the new Hirsi?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pijnenburg, Annick

2017-01-01

On 3 October the Third Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights published its judgment N.D. and N.T. v. Spain, which concerns Spain’s pushback policy in Melilla. It found a violation of Article 4 of Protocol 4 (prohibition of collective expulsions of aliens) and of Article 13 (right to an

Phosphoproteomics Reveals Regulatory T Cell-Mediated DEF6 Dephosphorylation That Affects Cytokine Expression in Human Conventional T Cells

KAUST Repository

Joshi, Rubin N.

2017-09-25

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control key events of immune tolerance, primarily by suppression of effector T cells. We previously revealed that Tregs rapidly suppress T cell receptor (TCR)-induced calcium store depletion in conventional CD4CD25 T cells (Tcons) independently of IP levels, consequently inhibiting NFAT signaling and effector cytokine expression. Here, we study Treg suppression mechanisms through unbiased phosphoproteomics of primary human Tcons upon TCR stimulation and Treg-mediated suppression, respectively. Tregs induced a state of overall decreased phosphorylation as opposed to TCR stimulation. We discovered novel phosphosites (T595_S597) in the DEF6 (SLAT) protein that were phosphorylated upon TCR stimulation and conversely dephosphorylated upon coculture with Tregs. Mutation of these DEF6 phosphosites abrogated interaction of DEF6 with the IP receptor and affected NFAT activation and cytokine transcription in primary Tcons. This novel mechanism and phosphoproteomics data resource may aid in modifying sensitivity of Tcons to Treg-mediated suppression in autoimmune disease or cancer.

Half-metallic and insulating natures in Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba_2X"I"I"IRu"VO_6 (X = V, Cr) induced by 3d-t_2_g"n orbital filling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saad, H.-E.M. Musa; Althoyaib, S.S.

2017-01-01

In this paper, we present results of a comprehensive systemic study of the crystal, electronic and magnetic structures on two members of Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba_2XRuO_6 (X = V, Cr). For the corporate compound, the analysis of density of states (DOS) results suggests that the 3d-t_2_g orbital filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism in these systems. The DOS and magnetic results show that Ba_2XRuO_6 exhibits half-metallic (HM) nature as X = V, where the electronic structure of Ba_2V"I"I"IRu"VO_6 with 3d-t_2_g"2 behaves like that of HM ferrimagnetic (FI), switches to compensate FI insulating behavior as X = Cr, with an extra electron filled 3d-t_2_g"3 in Ba_2Cr"I"I"IRu"VO_6. We find, on consideration of electron correlation (LSDA+U) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effects that the electronic structure of Ba_2XRuO_6 takes a HM nature, whereas it is completely transformed to insulating nature once an extra electron filled the 3d-t_2_g orbitals in X = Cr case. Such tuning is accompanied by spin-state hopping of one electron from half-filled spin-state in Ru"V (t_2_g"3 e_g"0) to two and three occupied spin-state in V"I"I"I (t_2_g"2 e_g"0) and Cr"I"I"I (t_2_g"3 e_g"0), respectively. The charge distribution results show that this extra electron occupies chiefly the spin-down of conduction orbitals and plays a major role in determining the electronic and magnetic structures of Ba_2XRuO_6 system. - Highlights: • Half-metallic and insulating natures are observed in Ba_2XRuO_6 (X = V, Cr). • 3d-t_2_g"n orbitals filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism. • LSDA+U method under density functional theory (DFT) is considered. • HM ferrimagnetic (FI) (X = V) switch to compensate FI insulating (X = Cr).

Type IIA string theory on T"6/(Z_2 x Z_6 x ΩR). Model building and string phenomenology with intersecting D6-branes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ecker, Jill

2016-01-01

In this doctoral thesis, various aspects of string model building and phenomenology are investigated within the framework of Type IIA string theory on the T"6/(Z_2 x Z_6 x ΩR) orbifold with discrete torsion. The aim is the reproduction of supersymmetric versions of well-known particle physics models using intersecting rigid D6-branes wrapped on fractional three-cycles. The models analyzed include the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model as well as supersymmetric Pati-Salam models, left-right symmetric models and SU(5) models. Systematic computer scans test numerous combinations of intersecting D6-branes in order to detect those that give rise to the correct chiral particle content of the considered models. For each type of the afore mentioned models, concrete examples will be found which satisfy the constraints on the particle spectrum and fulfill all consistency conditions. Finally, the thesis focuses on phenomenological aspects of the particle physics models found, including the detection of massless U(1) combinations, discrete Z_n-symmetries and cubic couplings such as the Yukawa couplings.

Sistematización de la acción táctica en el taekwondo de alta competición

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Cristina González De Prado

2011-03-01

Full Text Available El taekwondo ha experimentado una gran evolución en los últimos 20 años. Sus orígenes coreanos, ligados a una evolución terminológica asincrónica han contribuido a la falta de uniformidad en la definición y clasificación de algunos términos utilizados en el entrenamiento y la competición. En este trabajo se presenta una clasificación de las acciones utilizadas en el combate de taekwondo de alta competición, proponiendo, al mismo tiempo, la estructura funcional de la acción táctica. En su conjunto es el resultado de un proceso sistemático, donde los elementos tácticos se muestran claramente interrelacionados. Además, se establece una terminología específica susceptible de ser utilizada en diversos ámbitos de este deporte, y pudiendo ser una referencia para otras modalidades deportivas, con la finalidad de poder estructurar y sistematizar la terminología ya existente.

Evaluación mecánica mediante técnicas de indentación de soldaduras por fricción lineal en aleaciones de titanio

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Corzo, M.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available This article shows the results of a project that focuses on the characterization of the weld interface region of dissimilar joints between titanium alloys for aeronautical applications, specifically Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-Mo with Ti-6Al4V, and Ti-6Al-2Sn4Zr-6Mo with Ti-6Al- 2Sn-4Zr-2Mo. The uniaxial flow stress and hardening response of the material containing the weld were analyzed following the finite elements simulations and mathematical formulations to correlate hardness and the amount of pile-up and sinking-in phenomena around sharp indenters with uniaxial mechanical properties. This allows to accurately stablishing the influence that welding process has on the mechanical response of the parts. Tests performed on these friction-welded specimens showed that the fine grained microstructures in the welds exhibited better properties than the base materials.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proyecto cuyo objetivo es evaluar la integridad estructural de soldaduras por fricción lineal entre diferentes aleaciones de titanio de aplicación aeronáutica. Concretamente se han estudiado dos uniones: Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr- 6Mo con Ti-6Al-W, y Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo con Ti-6Al-2Sn4Zr-2Mo. El límite elástico y el coeficiente de endurecimiento por deformación de las uniones soldadas y del metal base son inferidos mediante una novedosa metodología de indentación. En los metales base, los resultados experimentales de indentación son confrontados con los obtenidos mediante ensayos convencionales de tracción. Las variaciones en propiedades mecánicas sugieren que la fina microestructura en la zona afectada térmicamente mejora las propiedades con respecto al metal base

El aprendizaje de la acción táctica

OpenAIRE

López Ros, Víctor; Sargatal, Jordi

2014-01-01

Este libro recoge las intervenciones de las VI Jornadas de la Cátedra de Deporte y Educación Física de la UdG y III Seminario Internacional de Táctica y Técnica Deportiva, dedicadas a El aprendizaje de la acción táctica. En este libro el lector encontrará ideas y reflexiones alrededor de la acción táctica y, muy especialmente, acerca de las cuestiones relativas al aprendizaje de las mismas. Dichas ideas y aportaciones han sido desar rolladas por investigadores y técnicos de reconocido prestig...

Dynamic study of yeast species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during the spontaneous fermentations of Muscat blanc in Jingyang, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Chunxiao; Liu, Yanlin

2013-04-01

The evolution of yeast species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae genotypes during spontaneous fermentations of Muscat blanc planted in 1957 in Jingyang region of China was followed in this study. Using a combination of colony morphology on Wallerstein Nutrient (WLN) medium, sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain and 5.8S-ITS-RFLP analysis, a total of 686 isolates were identified at the species level. The six species identified were S. cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Issatchenkia terricola, Pichia kudriavzevii (Issatchenkia orientalis) and Trichosporon coremiiforme. This is the first report of T. coremiiforme as an inhabitant of grape must. Three new colony morphologies on WLN medium and one new 5.8S-ITS-RFLP profile are described. Species of non-Saccharomyces, predominantly H. opuntiae, were found in early stages of fermentation. Subsequently, S. cerevisiae prevailed followed by large numbers of P. kudriavzevii that dominated at the end of fermentations. Six native genotypes of S. cerevisiae were determined by interdelta sequence analysis. Genotypes III and IV were predominant. As a first step in exploring untapped yeast resources of the region, this study is important for monitoring the yeast ecology in native fermentations and screening indigenous yeasts that will produce wines with regional characteristics. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Peripheral Blood CCR4+CCR6+ and CXCR3+CCR6+ CD4+ T Cells Are Highly Permissive to HIV-1 Infection

OpenAIRE

Gosselin, Annie; Monteiro, Patricia; Chomont, Nicolas; Diaz-Griffero, Felipe; Said, Elias A.; Fonseca, Simone; Wacleche, Vanessa; El-Far, Mohamed; Boulassel, Mohamed-Rachid; Routy, Jean-Pierre; Sekaly, Rafick-Pierre; Ancuta, Petronela

2009-01-01

There is limited knowledge on the identity of primary CD4+ T cell subsets selectively targeted by HIV-1 in vivo. In this study, we established a link between HIV permissiveness, phenotype/homing potential, and lineage commitment in primary CD4+ T cells. CCR4+CCR6+, CCR4+CCR6−, CXCR3+CCR6+, and CXCR3+CCR6− T cells expressed cytokines and transcription factors specific for Th17, Th2, Th1Th17, and Th1 lineages, respectively. CCR4+CCR6+ and CXCR3+CCR6+ T cells expressed the HIV coreceptors CCR5 a...

Identificación y caracterización de especies de Neosartorya aisladas de frutillas (Fragaria spp. frescas y tratadas térmicamente

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Laura Frisón

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El género Aspergillus es uno de los géneros fúngicos más estudiados y de gran impacto a nivel industrial. La sección Fumigati incluye unas pocas especies anamorfas del género Aspergillus. Las especies que son teleomorfas se encuentran dentro del género Neosartorya. Este es un moho resistente al calor que causan problemas en las industrias alimentarias o enfermedades en los seres humanos. Sus ascosporas han sido aisladas a partir de frutas, pulpas y jugos, ya que pueden sobrevivir a los tratamientos de térmicos industriales pudiendo aparecer la contaminación post-pasteurización. El objetivo fue caracterizar aislados de Neosartorya de frutillas frescas recién cosechadas y tratadas térmicamente, analizando la ornamentación de las ascosporas, toxicidad y resistencia térmica. Se aislaron las colonias, y se identificaron macro y microscópicamente siguiendo la metodología de Pitt y Hocking (2009, de 60 muestras. Se caracterizaron las ascosporas por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se determinó la capacidad toxicogénica de los extractos por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia. Se evaluó la resistencia térmica a diferentes temperaturas. Se aislaron 18 cepas de Neosartorya de frutillas recién cosechadas, y otros mohos termorresistentes como Arthrinium phaeospermum, Byssochlamys nivea y Talaromyces macrosporus. En las frutillas tratadas térmicamente no se aislaron mohos termorresistentes. Trece aislados mostraron ascosporascoincidentes con N. fischeri, el resto con N. spinosa. Los aislados de N. fischeri produjeron fumitremorgina A y B y verruculógeno en arroz, pero no lo hicieron en frutillas frescas. Los parámetros de resistencia térmica fueron: D80 ºC: 20 - 22 minutos, D85 ºC: 9 - 11 minutos, D90 ºC: 2 - 3 minutos y z: 10 - 11 ºC para N. fischeri y D80 ºC: > 120 minutos, D85 ºC: 11 - 94 minutos, D90 ºC: 3 - 15 minutos y z: 6 - 9 ºC para N. spinosa. Es indispensable aplicar buenas prácticas agrícolas y

Identificación y caracterización de especies de Neosartorya aisladas de frutillas (Fragaria spp. frescas y tratadas térmicamente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Frisón

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El género Aspergillus es uno de los géneros fúngicos más estudiados y de gran impacto a nivel industrial. La sección Fumigati incluye unas pocas especies anamorfas del género Aspergillus. Las especies que son teleomorfas se encuentran dentro del género Neosartorya. Este es un moho resistente al calor que causan problemas en las industrias alimentarias o enfermedades en los seres humanos. Sus ascosporas han sido aisladas a partir de frutas, pulpas y jugos, ya que pueden sobrevivir a los tratamientos de térmicos industriales pudiendo aparecer la contaminación post-pasteurización. El objetivo fue caracterizar aislados de Neosartorya de frutillas frescas recién cosechadas y tratadas térmicamente, analizando la ornamentación de las ascosporas, toxicidad y resistencia térmica. Se aislaron las colonias, y se identificaron macro y microscópicamente siguiendo la metodología de Pitt y Hocking (2009, de 60 muestras. Se caracterizaron las ascosporas por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se determinó la capacidad toxicogénica de los extractos por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia. Se evaluó la resistencia térmica a diferentes temperaturas. Se aislaron 18 cepas de Neosartorya de frutillas recién cosechadas, y otros mohos termorresistentes como Arthrinium phaeospermum, Byssochlamys nivea y Talaromyces macrosporus. En las frutillas tratadas térmicamente no se aislaron mohos termorresistentes. Trece aislados mostraron ascosporas coincidentes con N. fischeri, el resto con N. spinosa. Los aislados de N. fischeri produjeron fumitremorgina A y B y verruculógeno en arroz, pero no lo hicieron en frutillas frescas. Los parámetros de resistencia térmica fueron: D80 ºC: 20 - 22 minutos, D85 ºC: 9 - 11 minutos, D90 ºC: 2 - 3 minutos y z: 10 - 11 ºC para N. fischeri y D80 ºC: > 120 minutos, D85 ºC: 11 - 94 minutos, D90 ºC: 3 - 15 minutos y z: 6 - 9 ºC para N. spinosa. Es indispensable aplicar buenas prácticas agrícolas y

Acylation and metabolism of (n-6) fatty acids in hepatocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voss, A.C.; Sprecher, H.

1986-01-01

Isolated hepatocytes (5 x 10 6 in 2ml) from chow fed rats were incubated from 20 to 60 min. with increasing concentrations of [1- 14 C] labeled 18:2 (n-6), 18:3 (n-6) or 20:3 (n-6) to define optimum conditions for measuring acylation and metabolism to other (n-6) acids with subsequent incorporation into lipids. The triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL) contained 157 and 80 nmols of 18:2 (n-6) and 6.0 and 6.1 nmols of other (n-6) acids, respectively, when cells were incubated with 0.3mM [1- 14 C] 18:2 (n-6) for 40 min. When cells were incubated with 0.3mM [1- 14 C] 18:2 (n-6) plus 0.15 to 0.45mM 18:3 (n-6) or 20:3 (n-6), the metabolism of 18:2 (n-6) to other (n-6) acids was inhibited but not totally abolished. These results may suggest that (n-6) acid made from linoleate do not totally equilibrate with exogenous 18:3 (n-6) or 20:3

Results of Neoadjuvant Short-Course Radiation Therapy Followed by Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for T1-T2 N0 Extraperitoneal Rectal Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arezzo, Alberto, E-mail: alberto.arezzo@unito.it [General Surgery I, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Arolfo, Simone; Allaix, Marco Ettore [General Surgery I, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Munoz, Fernando [Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Cassoni, Paola [Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Monagheddu, Chiara [Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, City of Health and Science Hospital of Torino, Torino (Italy); Ricardi, Umberto [Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Ciccone, Giovannino [Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, City of Health and Science Hospital of Torino, Torino (Italy); Morino, Mario [General Surgery I, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino (Italy)

2015-06-01

Purpose: This study was undertaken to assess the short-term outcomes of neoadjuvant short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for T1-T2 N0 extraperitoneal rectal cancer. Recent studies suggest that neoadjuvant radiation therapy followed by TEM is safe and has results similar to those with abdominal rectal resection for the treatment of extraperitoneal early rectal cancer. Methods and Materials: We planned a prospective pilot study including 25 consecutive patients with extraperitoneal T1-T2 N0 M0 rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing SCRT followed by TEM 4 to 10 weeks later (SCRT-TEM). Safety, efficacy, and acceptability of this treatment modality were compared with historical groups of patients with similar rectal cancer stage and treated with long-course radiation therapy (LCRT) followed by TEM (LCRT-TEM), TEM alone, or laparoscopic rectal resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) at our institution. Results: The study was interrupted after 14 patients underwent SCRT of 25 Gy in 5 fractions followed by TEM. Median time between SCRT and TEM was 7 weeks (range: 4-10 weeks). Although no preoperative complications occurred, rectal suture dehiscence was observed in 7 patients (50%) at 4 weeks follow-up, associated with an enterocutaneous fistula in the sacral area in 2 cases. One patient required a colostomy. Quality of life at 1-month follow-up, according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 survey score, was significantly worse in SCRT-TEM patients than in LCRT-TEM patients (P=.0277) or TEM patients (P=.0004), whereas no differences were observed with TME patients (P=.604). At a median follow-up of 10 months (range: 6-26 months), we observed 1 (7%) local recurrence at 6 months that was treated with abdominoperineal resection. Conclusions: SCRT followed by TEM for T1-T2 N0 rectal cancer is burdened by a high rate of painful dehiscence of the suture line and enterocutaneous

The location of locoregional recurrence in pathologic T3N0, non-irradiated lower rectal cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Mi Sun; Keum, Ki Chang; Rhee, Woo Joong; Kim, Hyun Ju; Kim, Min Ji; Choi, Seo Hee; Nam, Ki Chang; Koom, Woong Sub

2013-01-01

To investigate the patterns of locoregional recurrence of pathologic T3N0 (pT3N0) lower rectal cancer omitting postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and explore the potential of modification of a RT field. From Jan 2003 to Nov 2011, 35 patients omitting preoperative or postoperative RT for pT3N0 lower rectal cancer were included. We defined the lower rectal cancer as the tumor with the inferior margin located below the virtual line-a convergent level between rectal wall and levator ani muscle. All patients had radiologic examinations for recurrence evaluation during the follow-up duration. The median follow-up duration was 66.4 months (range, 1.4 to 126.1 months). Eight (22.9%) of the 35 patients had recurrence. Three (8.6%) was local recurrence (LR) only, 3 (8.6%) was distant metastasis (DM) only, and 2 (5.7%) was LR with DM. All LR were located at primary tumor sites. The overall survival rate, LR-free survival rate, and DM-free survival rate at 5 years was 79.8%, 83%, and 87%, respectively. All LR developed from tumors over 5 cm. However, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.065). There was no other risk factor for LR. Even though the patients included in this study had pathologically favorable pT3N0 rectal cancer, LR developed in 14.3% of patients. Most of the LR was located at primary tumor sites prior to surgery. Based on these findings, it might seem reasonable to consider postoperative RT with a smaller radiation field to the primary tumor site rather than the conventional whole pelvic irradiation.

Fabrication of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites with enhanced fluorescence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Huiqin; Kang, Jianmiao; Yang, Jianhui; Wu, Biao

2016-01-01

Herein, Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites are synthesized through layer-by-layer assembly technology. Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2 core–shell nanospheres were prepared at first in the presence of CTAB in aqueous solution system by the modified one-pot method. A chemical precipitation method and a succeeding calcination process were adopted to the growth of Y_2O_3:Eu shells on the surfaces of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2 core–shell nanospheres. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were confirmed by XRD, TEM and UV–vis absorption spectrum. The prepared Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites have showed the emission intensity enhances to 6.23 times at 30 nm thickness of the silica spacer between the core of Au nanoparticle and the shell of Y_2O_3:Eu. According to the observations of fluorescent lifetime and the modeling of local electric field, the metal-enhanced and quenched fluorescence is closely related with the enhancement of excitation and radiative decay rate and the quenching by NRET comes as a result of competition between the distance-dependent mechanisms. This kind of multifunctional inorganic material will be widely used in electronics, biology and medical drug loading, etc. - Highlights: • Fabrication of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites with core-spacer-shell structure. • The controllable fluorescence is achieved by adjusting the spacer thickness of silica. • The fluorescence enhancement is 6.23-fold at an optimal spacer thickness about 30 nm. • The metal-enhanced fluorescence mechanism is proposed.

Lähiympäristöä oppimassa : Vihreä Lippu -ohjelma kestävän kehityksen edistäjänä Tenavat Myötätuulessa -päiväkodissa

OpenAIRE

Pajunen, Elina; Putila, Jonna

2013-01-01

TIIVISTELMÄ Pajunen, Elina & Putila, Jonna. Lähiympäristöä oppimassa – Vihreä Lippu -ohjelma kestävän kehityksen edistäjänä Tenavat Myötätuulessa -päiväkodissa. Kevät 2013, 71 s, 6 liitettä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Sosiaalialan koulutusohjelma, sosionomi (AMK) + lastentarhaopettajan kelpoisuus. Opinnäytetyön ydintavoitteena oli luoda Tenavat Myötätuulessa -päiväkodille monipuolinen Vihreän Lipun toimintasuunnitelma syksylle 2012. Toimintasuunnitelman avulla pyritään lisäämää...

Snapshots of Dynamics in Synthesizing N6-isopentenyladenosine at tRNA Anticodon†,‡

Science.gov (United States)

Chimnaronk, Sarin; Forouhar, Farhad; Sakai, Junichi; Yao, Min; Tron, Cecile M.; Atta, Mohamed; Fontecave, Marc; Hunt, John F.; Tanaka, Isao

2009-01-01

Bacterial and eukaryotic transfer RNAs that decode codons starting with uridine have a hydrophobically-hypermodified adenosine at the position 37 (A37) adjacent to the 3′-end of the anticodon, which is essential for efficient and highly accurate protein translation by the ribosome. However, it remains unclear how the corresponding tRNAs are selected to be modified by alkylation at the correct position of the adenosine base. We have determined a series of the crystal structures of bacterial tRNA isopentenyltransferase (MiaA) in apo- and tRNA-bound forms, which completely render snapshots of substrate selections during modification of RNA. A compact evolutionary inserted domain (herein ‘swinging domain’) in MiaA that exhibits as a highly mobile entity moves around the catalytic domain as likely to reach and trap the tRNA substrate. Thereby, MiaA clamps the anticodon stem loop of tRNA substrate between the catalytic and swinging domains, where the two conserved elongated residues from the swinging domain pinch the two flanking A36 and A38 together to squeeze out A37 into the reaction tunnel. The site-specific isopentenylation of RNA is thus ensured by a characteristic pinch-and-flip mechanism and by a reaction tunnel to confine the substrate selection. Furthermore, combining information from soaking experiments with structural comparisons, we propose a mechanism for the ordered substrate-binding of MiaA. PMID:19435325

Influence of local microplastic strains on stress corrosion of 08Kh18N10T steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moskvin, L.N.; Efimov, A.A.; Sherman, Ya.I.; Fedorova, T.I.

1987-01-01

Study on specific features of microhomogeneous strain in the process of plastic strain development and their role in stress corrosion of 08Kh18N10T steel sheet specimens subject to preliminary strain by 1, 3, 6, 16 and 23% and subsequent tests of stress corrosion in magnesium chloride solution at 150 deg C 140 MPa has been carried out. Analysis of test results has shown that microplastic strain is distributed over a specimen nonuniformly and is accompanied with the slip bands formation which are sources of corrosion crack origination and development. 08Kh18N10T steel manifests the highest trend to stress corrosion under 1% microplastic strain

U-duality transformation of membrane on T{sup n} revisited

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Shan [Department of Physics and Electronic Technology, Hubei University,Wuhan 430062 (China); Li, Tianjun [Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China (KITPC), Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049 (China); School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054 (China)

2016-08-24

The problem with the U-duality transformation of membrane on T{sup n} is recently addressed in [https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02915]. We will consider the U-duality transformation rule of membrane on T{sup n}×R. It turns out that winding modes on T{sup n} should be taken into account, since the duality transformation may bring the membrane configuration without winding modes into the one with winding modes. With the winding modes added, the membrane worldvolume theory in lightcone gauge is equivalent to the n+1 dimensional super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in T̃{sup n}, which has SL(2,Z)×SL(3,Z) and SL(5,Z) symmetries for n=3 and n=4, respectively. The SL(2,Z)×SL(3,Z) transformation can be realized classically, making the on-shell field configurations transformed into each other. However, the SL(5,Z) symmetry may only be realized at the quantum level, since the classical 5d SYM field configurations cannot form the representation of SL(5,Z).

Structure and stability of small Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )-Xen (n = 1-6) clusters

Science.gov (United States)

Saidi, Sameh; Ghanmi, Chedli; Berriche, Hamid

2014-04-01

We have studied the structure and stability of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters for special symmetry groups. The potential energy surfaces of these clusters, are described using an accurate ab initio approach based on non-empirical pseudopotential, parameterized l-dependent polarization potential and analytic potential forms for the Li+Xe and Xe-Xe interactions. The pseudopotential technique has reduced the number of active electrons of Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )-Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters to only one electron, the Li valence electron. The core-core interactions for Li+Xe are included using accurate CCSD(T) potential fitted using the analytical form of Tang and Toennies. For the Xe-Xe potential interactions we have used the analytical form of Lennard Jones (LJ6 - 12). The potential energy surfaces of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters are performed for a fixed distance of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g ) alkali dimer, its equilibrium distance. They are used to extract information on the stability of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters. For each n, the stability of the different isomers is examined by comparing their potential energy surfaces. Moreover, we have determined the quantum energies ( D 0), the zero-point-energies (ZPE) and the ZPE%. To our best knowledge, there are neither experimental nor theoretical works realized for the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters, our results are presented for the first time.

Cu-Y ve La-Y ZEOLİT KATALİZÖRLERİ ÜZERİNDE 2-METİLNAFTALİNİN METİLASYON KİNETİĞİ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aysel Niftaliyeva

2015-11-01

Full Text Available 2,6-Dimetilnaftalin (2,6-DMN, yeni bir polimer olan polietilen naftalatın (PEN monomerlerinden biri 2,6-naftalin dikarboksilik asitin (2,6-NDCA üretiminde kullanılan önemli bir dimetilnaftalindir. Dimetil naftalinlerin dokuz adet izomeri vardır ve bunların içinde, 2,6-DMN en önemlisidir. Günümüze kadar 2,6-DMN sentezi için değişik özelliklere sahip zeolit katalizörler kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Cu ve La metalleri ile modifiye edilmiş Y zeolit (CBV720, yüzey alanı=726m2/g\\ SiO2/Al2O3=30 katalizörler üzerinde 2 metil naftalinin (2-MN metilasyonuyla 2,6-DMN sentezinde, deneysel olarak metilasyon reaksiyonu hız ifadesinin bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Metilasyon reaksiyonunda reaktöre mol oranı 1:5:5 olan 2-MN: 1,3,5-trimetilbenzen (mezitilen: metanol karışımı beslenmiştir. Kinetik deneylerinde, 2-MN dönüşümünün, 2,6-DMN oluşumunun, 2,6-DMN/2,7-DMN oranının,  farklı sıcaklık, boşluk hızı ve katalizör ile değişimleri bulunmuştur. Metilasyon kinetiğinde, 2-MN ve metanol derişimine bağlı reaksiyon hız ifadesi bulunmuştur. Arrhenius denklemi yardımıyla frekans faktörü (k0 ve aktivasyon enerjisi (EA de hesaplanmıştır.

Coarsening of AA6013-T6 Precipitates During Sheet Warm Forming Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Di Ciano, M.; DiCecco, S.; Esmaeili, S.; Wells, M. A.; Worswick, M. J.

2018-03-01

The use of warm forming for AA6xxx-T6 sheet is of interest to improve its formability; however, the effect warm forming may have on the coarsening of precipitates and the mechanical strength of these sheets has not been well studied. In this research, the coarsening behavior of AA6013-T6 precipitates has been explored, in the temperature range of 200-300 °C, and time of 30 s up to 50 h. Additionally, the effect of warm deformation on coarsening behavior was explored using: (1) simulated warm forming tests in a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator and (2) bi-axial warm deformation tests. Using a strong obstacle model to describe the yield strength (YS) evolution of the AA6013-T6 material, and a Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner (LSW) particle coarsening law to describe the change in precipitate size with time, the coarsening kinetics were modeled for this alloy. The coarsening kinetics in the range of 220-300 °C followed a trend similar to that previously found for AA6111 for the 180-220 °C range. There was strong evidence that coarsening kinetics were not altered due to warm deformation above 220 °C. For warm forming between 200 and 220 °C, the YS of the AA6013-T6 material increased slightly, which could be attributed to strain hardening during warm deformation. Finally, a non-isothermal coarsening model was used to assess the potential reduction in the YS of AA6013-T6 for practical processing conditions related to auto-body manufacturing. The model calculations showed that 90% of the original AA6013-T6 YS could be maintained, for warm forming temperatures up to 280 °C, if the heating schedule used to get the part to the warm forming temperature was limited to 1 min.

FRAP-T6: a computer code for the transient analysis of oxide fuel rods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siefken, L.J.; Shah, V.N.; Berna, G.A.; Hohorst, J.K.

1983-06-01

FRAP-T6 is a computer code which is being developed to calculate the transient behavior of a light water reactor fuel rod. This report is an addendum to the FRAP-T6/MODO user's manual which provides the additional user information needed to use FRAP-T6/MOD1. This includes model changes, improvements, and additions, coding changes and improvements, change in input and control language, and example problem solutions to aid the user. This information is designed to supplement the FRAP-T6/MODO user's manual

Advances in the Characterization of the T-Cell Response to Human Herpesvirus-6

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Derek J. Hanson

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Human herpesvirus (HHV 6 is thought to remain clinically latent in most individuals after primary infection and to reactivate to cause disease in persons with severe immunosuppression. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, reactivation of HHV-6 species B is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. HHV-6B reactivation is the most frequent cause of infectious meningoencephalitis in this setting and has been associated with a variety of other complications such as graft rejection and acute graft versus host disease. This has inspired efforts to develop HHV-6-targeted immunotherapies. Basic knowledge of HHV-6-specific adaptive immunity is crucial for these endeavors, but remains incomplete. Many studies have focused on specific HHV-6 antigens extrapolated from research on human cytomegalovirus, a genetically related betaherpesvirus. Challenges to the study of HHV-6-specific T-cell immunity include the very low frequency of HHV-6-specific memory T cells in chronically infected humans, the large genome size of HHV-6, and the lack of an animal model. This review will focus on emerging techniques and methodological improvements that are beginning to overcome these barriers. Population-prevalent antigens are now becoming clear for the CD4+ T-cell response, while definition and ranking of CD8+ T-cell antigens and epitopes is at an earlier stage. This review will discuss current knowledge of the T-cell response to HHV-6, new research approaches, and translation to clinical practice.

Siirtyminen IPv6-protokollaan yrityksen verkkolaitteistossa

OpenAIRE

Lindén, Kalle

2012-01-01

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää, mitä muutoksia Päijät-Hämeen koulutuskonsernin (PHKK) tietoverkon runkolaitteissa tarvitsee tehdä, jotta voidaan ottaa IPv6-protokolla käyttöön. Siirtyminen IPv6-protokollaan tulee olemaan välttämätön toimenpide, koska IPv4-protokollasta loppuvat uudet yksilölliset osoitteet. IPv4- ja IPv6-protokollien suurimmat erot ovat osoitekentän koon kasvaminen 32 bitistä 128 bittiin. Aluksi IPv4-osoitteistuksessa oli käytössä luokallinen osoitejärjest...

Induction of NFATc2 expression by interleukin 6 promotes T helper type 2 differentiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Diehl, Sean; Chow, Chi-Wing; Weiss, Linda; Palmetshofer, Alois; Twardzik, Thomas; Rounds, Laura; Serfling, Edgar; Davis, Roger J; Anguita, Juan; Rincón, Mercedes

2002-07-01

Interleukin (IL)-6 is produced by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It has been previously shown that APC-derived IL-6 promotes the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into effector T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. Here, we have studied the molecular mechanism for IL-6-mediated Th2 differentiation. During the activation of CD4+ T cells, IL-6 induces the production of IL-4, which promotes the differentiation of these cells into effector Th2 cells. Regulation of IL-4 gene expression by IL-6 is mediated by nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), as inhibition of NFAT prevents IL-6-driven IL-4 production and Th2 differentiation. IL-6 upregulates NFAT transcriptional activity by increasing the levels of NFATc2. The ability of IL-6 to promote Th2 differentiation is impaired in CD4+ T cells that lack NFATc2, demonstrating that NFATc2 is required for regulation of IL-4 gene expression by IL-6. Regulation of NFATc2 expression and NFAT transcriptional activity represents a novel pathway by which IL-6 can modulate gene expression.

(t, n) Threshold d-Level Quantum Secret Sharing.

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Xiu-Li; Liu, Yan-Bing; Deng, Hong-Yao; Xiao, Yong-Gang

2017-07-25

Most of Quantum Secret Sharing(QSS) are (n, n) threshold 2-level schemes, in which the 2-level secret cannot be reconstructed until all n shares are collected. In this paper, we propose a (t, n) threshold d-level QSS scheme, in which the d-level secret can be reconstructed only if at least t shares are collected. Compared with (n, n) threshold 2-level QSS, the proposed QSS provides better universality, flexibility, and practicability. Moreover, in this scheme, any one of the participants does not know the other participants' shares, even the trusted reconstructor Bob 1 is no exception. The transformation of the particles includes some simple operations such as d-level CNOT, Quantum Fourier Transform(QFT), Inverse Quantum Fourier Transform(IQFT), and generalized Pauli operator. The transformed particles need not to be transmitted from one participant to another in the quantum channel. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can resist intercept-resend attack, entangle-measure attack, collusion attack, and forgery attack. Performance comparison shows that it has lower computation and communication costs than other similar schemes when 2 < t < n - 1.

von Neumann entropy associated with the haldane exclusion statistics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajagopal, A.K.

1995-01-01

We obtain the von Neumann entropy per state of the Haldane exclusion statistics with parameter g in terms of the mean occupation number bar n{wlnw-(1+w)ln(1+w)}, where w=(1-bar n). This reduces correctly to the well known expressions in the limiting cases of Bose (g=0) and Fermi (g=1) statistics. We have derived the second and third order fluctuations in the occupation numbers for arbitrary g. An elegant general duality relationship between the w factor associated with the particle and that associated with the hole at the reciprocal g is deduced along with the attendant relationship between the two respective entropies

Determinación experimental de la aptitud a la expansión térmica de arcillas

OpenAIRE

Giraldo Cárdenas, Karyn Alexandra; García Escobar, Jorge Orlando

2008-01-01

El presente trabajo tuvo como objeto fundamental estudiar, a escala de laboratorio, la aptitud a la expansión térmica de diferentes muestras de arcillas variando la temperatura de quema y modificando la composición de éstas con la adición de agentes promotores de la expansión térmica, como carbonato de calcio y cenizas volantes de carbón. El procedimiento experimental comprendió cuatro etapas: preparación, caracterización, pruebas preliminares de quema y ensayos de quema específic...

Dynamic Response and Microstructure Evolution of AA2219-T4 and AA2219-T6 Aluminum Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Olasumboye, A.; Owolabi, G.; Odeshi, A.; Zeytinci, A.; Yilmaz, N.

2018-02-01

In this study, the dynamic deformation behavior of AA2219 aluminum alloy was investigated in two different temper conditions: T4 and T6, with a view to determining the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and flow behavior of the material under high strain rates. Split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment was used in determining the dynamic response of the alloy while a digital image correlation system was employed in visualizing and tracking the surface deformation of the specimens. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the microstructure of the material after following standard metallographic specimen preparation techniques. The results obtained showed heterogeneous deformation of the alloy in the two temper conditions. It was observed that the dynamic mechanical behavior of each sample preparation was dependent on its strength properties due to aging type, which in turn controls the metamorphosis of the strengthening precipitates and the initial microstructure. At the maximum strain rate of 3500 s-1, transformed bands leading to crack nucleation was observed in the AA2219-T4 aluminum alloy while AA2219-T6 had fractured at the same strain rate. The modes of crack formation and growth in the two alloys were found to be similar: nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids. However, shear band bifurcation phenomenon was observed only in the AA2219-T6 alloy.

Investigation of the T4 and T6 heat treatment cycles of semi-solid processed aluminium alloy A356

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Moller, H

2008-01-01

Full Text Available of the solution treatment time at 540 C from 6 hours to 1 hour does not alter the T4 or T6 tensile properties of the SSM processed A356 alloy. Slightly better impact properties are obtained with the shorter solution treatment. This could lead to time and energy...

High-field, high-T/sub c/ superconductivity in U6Fe and U6Co

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DeLong, L.E.; Hall, L.N.; Malik, S.K.; Crabtree, G.W.; Lwpl, W.; Gschneidner, K. A. Jr.

1986-06-01

Upper critical field data for U 6 Fe and U 6 Co are found to be markedly inconsistent with the weak coupling WHHM model. Nevertheless, excellent quantitative fits of H/sub c/ 2 vs T are obtained by using a modifiction of the WHHM model in which the orbital field is multiplied by a temperature-dependent enhancement factor

Inserción electroquímica de litio en la solución sólida Nb8-nW9+nO47 (1≤ n ≤6

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Torres-Martínez, L. M.

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Electrochemical lithium insertion have been carried out in different compostions within the solid solution with general formula Nb8-nW9+nO47 (1≤ n ≤6. Through galvanostatic and potentiostatic techniques we have detected that lithium insertion proceeds by at least two reduction step. These process seem are relationship with the molar ratio Nb/W. The maximum lithium content reached leads to a specific capacity of 170 Ah/kg. Nevertheless, due to irreversible structural transformations in the matrix-host such capacity was lost after the first cycle. The detailed analysis about the insertion kinetic process and in situ X-ray diffraction experiments have been carried out in this work.A través de diferentes técnicas electroquímicas hemos realizado el estudio de la inserción de litio en una serie de composiciones pertenecientes a la solución sólida Nb8-nW9+nO47 (1≤ n ≤6. La inserción de litio procede al menos a través de dos procesos de reducción, los cuales guardan cierta relación con el contenido de Nb/W. La máxima cantidad de litio insertada conduce a capacidades específicas de la celda del orden de los 170 Ah/kg, la cual se pierde en sucesivos procesos de carga-descarga. Igualmente, hemos realizado un análisis de la cinética de los procesos de reducción y de los cambios estructurales que se suceden en la estructura del óxido de partida a medida que se inserta el litio a través de la difracción de rayos-X in situ.

The prediction of Neutron Elastic Scattering from Tritium for E(n) = 6-14 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, J.D.; Dietrich, F.S.; Luu, T.; McNabb, D.P.; Navratil, P.; Quaglioni, S.

2010-01-01

In a recent report Navratil et al. evaluated the angle-integrated cross section and the angular distribution for 14-MeV n+T elastic scattering by inferring these cross sections from accurately measured p+3He angular distributions. This evaluation used a combination of two theoretical treatments, based on the no-core shell model and resonating-group method (NCSM/RGM) and on the R-matrix formalism, to connect the two charge-symmetric reactions n+T and p+ 3 He. In this report we extend this treatment to cover the neutron incident energy range 6-14 MeV. To do this, we evaluate angle-dependent correction factors for the NCSM/RGM calculations so that they agree with the p+ 3 He data near 6 MeV, and using the results found earlier near 14 MeV we interpolate these correction factors to obtain correction factors throughout the 6-14 MeV energy range. The agreement between the corrected NCSM/RGM and R-Matrix values for the integral elastic cross sections is excellent (±1%), and these are in very good agreement with total cross section experiments. This result can be attributed to the nearly constant correction factors at forward angles, and to the evidently satisfactory physics content of the two calculations. The difference in angular shape, obtained by comparing values of the scattering probability distribution P(μ) vs. μ(the cosine of the c.m. scattering angle), is about ±4% and appears to be related to differences in the two theoretical calculations. Averaging the calculations yields P(μ) values with errors of ±2 1/2 % or less. These averaged values, along with the corresponding quantities for the differential cross sections, will form the basis of a new evaluation of n+T elastic scattering. Computer files of the results discussed in this report will be supplied upon request.

The prediction of Neutron Elastic Scattering from Tritium for E(n) = 6-14 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, J D; Dietrich, F S; Luu, T; McNabb, D P; Navratil, P; Quaglioni, S

2010-06-14

In a recent report Navratil et al. evaluated the angle-integrated cross section and the angular distribution for 14-MeV n+T elastic scattering by inferring these cross sections from accurately measured p+3He angular distributions. This evaluation used a combination of two theoretical treatments, based on the no-core shell model and resonating-group method (NCSM/RGM) and on the R-matrix formalism, to connect the two charge-symmetric reactions n+T and p+{sup 3}He. In this report we extend this treatment to cover the neutron incident energy range 6-14 MeV. To do this, we evaluate angle-dependent correction factors for the NCSM/RGM calculations so that they agree with the p+{sup 3}He data near 6 MeV, and using the results found earlier near 14 MeV we interpolate these correction factors to obtain correction factors throughout the 6-14 MeV energy range. The agreement between the corrected NCSM/RGM and R-Matrix values for the integral elastic cross sections is excellent ({+-}1%), and these are in very good agreement with total cross section experiments. This result can be attributed to the nearly constant correction factors at forward angles, and to the evidently satisfactory physics content of the two calculations. The difference in angular shape, obtained by comparing values of the scattering probability distribution P({mu}) vs. {mu}(the cosine of the c.m. scattering angle), is about {+-}4% and appears to be related to differences in the two theoretical calculations. Averaging the calculations yields P({mu}) values with errors of {+-}2 1/2 % or less. These averaged values, along with the corresponding quantities for the differential cross sections, will form the basis of a new evaluation of n+T elastic scattering. Computer files of the results discussed in this report will be supplied upon request.

Craving for alcohol and food during treatment for alcohol dependence: modulation by T allele of 1519T>C GABAAalpha6.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Doug Hyun; Bolo, Nicholas; Daniels, Melissa A; Lyoo, In Kyoon; Min, Kyung Joon; Kim, Chang Hyun; Renshaw, Perry F

2008-09-01

Craving for alcohol and food has been studied in association with alcohol dependence and eating disorders, respectively. One subclass of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, 1519T>C GABA(A)alpha6 has been reported to be associated with both alcohol dependence and weight gain. In this study, we hypothesized that patients being treated for alcohol dependence would report decreased craving for alcohol, but an increased craving for food during a 4-week treatment period. We further hypothesized that the T allele of the 1519T>C GABA(A)alpha6 gene would modulate the extent of changes in craving for alcohol and food. This study included 98 male inpatients being treated for alcohol dependence. A 7-point visual analog scale was applied to evaluate relative levels of alcohol and food craving at baseline and again 4 weeks later. Body weight was also checked at the same periods. Genotyping of the 1519T>C SNP in GABA(A)alpha6 was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism. There were significant changes in craving for alcohol and food in all patients with alcohol dependence. During the treatment period, body weight increased in all patients with alcohol dependence. Changes in alcohol and food craving in T-allele carriers (CT + TT) of 1519T>C GABA(A)alpha6 were greater than those observed in CC homozygotes. In T-allele carriers, body weight significantly increased and the changes in weight showed a negative correlation with the change in the craving for alcohol and a positive correlation with the changes in craving for food. The current results suggest that in T-allele carriers the change in craving for alcohol during treatment for alcohol dependence is negatively associated with changes in craving for food. The T allele of the 1519T>C GABA(A)alpha6 gene may be one of the modulating factors associated with changes in craving for alcohol and food during treatment of patients with alcohol dependence.

Rotary bending fatigue behavior of A356 –T6 aluminum alloys by vacuum pressurizing casting

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Yong-qin Liu

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Vacuum pressurizing casting technique, providing better mould filling and inter-dendritic feeding, can reduce the porosity greatly in cast aluminum alloys, and improve the fatigue properties. The rotary bending fatigue properties of A356-T6 alloys prepared by vacuum pressurizing casting were investigated. The S-N curve and limit strength 90 MPa under fatigue life of 107 cycles were obtained. The analyses on the fatigue fractography and microstructure of specimens showed that the fatigue fracture mainly occurs at the positions with casting defects in the subsurface, especially at porosities regions, which attributed to the crack propagation during the fatigue fracture process. Using the empirical crack propagation law of Pairs-Erdogon, the quantitative relationship among the initial crack size, fatigue life and applied stress was established. The fatigue life decreases with an increase in initial crack size. Two constants in the Pairs-Erdogon equation of aluminum alloy A356-T6 were calculated using the experimental data.

La depleción de las células T regulatorias aumenta el número de las células CD8 durante la infección con el virus del tumor mamario murino

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Gabriel Cabrera

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El virus del tumor mamario murino (MMTV es un retrovirus que se transmite durante la lactancia y que ha desarrollado estrategias para explotar y subvertir el sistema inmune. En un modelo de infección natural con MMTV hemos mostrado previamente que la infección causa incrementos tempranos y progresivos de células T regulatorias (Treg CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ específicas para el superantígeno (Sag viral en las placas de Peyer (PP. En este trabajo se evaluó si la depleción de las células Treg influencia la población de células CD8+ durante la infección con MMTV a través del amamantamiento. La depleción de las células Treg al día 6 de infección causó incrementos en el porcentaje y número absoluto de las células CD8+ en los ganglios y provocó un incremento en la intensidad de fluorescencia media del marcador de activación CD44 en esas células. Los incrementos en el número absoluto de las células CD8 se observaron en células con cadenas variables Vβ del receptor de las células T (TCR tanto reactivas como no reactivas al Sag. Previamente habíamos demostrado que la depleción de las células Treg al día 6 de infección disminuye la carga viral. Los resultados presentados en este trabajo sugieren que, al menos a partir del día 6 de infección con MMTV, las células Treg podrían tener un rol inhibiendo la generación de una respuesta CD8 antiviral.

Interacción entre proteínas y glicanos en la regulación fisiológica de las células T How do protein-glycan interactions regulate T-cell physiology?

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Marta A. Toscano

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Las interacciones entre proteínas y glicanos juegan un papel fundamental en numerosos eventos de la regulación de la fisiología del sistema inmune, como maduración tímica, activación, migración y apoptosis de células T. Los carbohidratos son capaces de modular la fisiología linfocitaria a través de la interacción específica con lectinas endógenas como selectinas y galectinas. Estas lectinas endógenas son capaces de reconocer estructuras sacarídicas localizadas en glicoproteínas de la superficie celular y regular procesos tan diversos como proliferación, diferenciación y ciclo celular. Existen diversos niveles de control de la interacción entre lectinas y azúcares; en primer lugar podemos mencionar la expresión regulada de estas lectinas durante el desarrollo de una respuesta inmune, y en segundo lugar la regulación espacio-temporal de la actividad de glicosiltranferasas y glicosidasas cuya función es crear y modificar los azúcares específicos para estas lectinas. Existen evidencias de que la expresión y actividad de estas enzimas se regulan en forma positiva o negativa durante diferentes eventos del desarrollo, ejecución y finalización de la respuesta inmune. En este artículo se analizarán los mecanismos a través de los cuales las interacciones entre lectinas con sus carbohidratos específicos modulan en forma específica diversos procesos fisiológicos, como maduración de timocitos, migración linfocitaria, activación y diferenciación de células T y apoptosis.Recent evidence indicates that protein-glycan interactions play a critical role in different events associated with the physiology of T-cell responses including thymocyte maturation, T-cell activation, lymphocyte migration and T-cell apoptosis. Glycans decorating T-cell surface glycoproteins can modulate T-cell physiology by specifically interacting with endogenous lectins including selectins and galectins. These endogenous lectins are capable of

C57BL/6 mice need MHC class II Aq to develop collagen-induced arthritis dependent on autoreactive T cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Bäcklund, Johan; Li, Cuiqin; Jansson, Erik; Carlsen, Stefan; Merky, Patrick; Nandakumar, Kutty-Selva; Haag, Sabrina; Ytterberg, Jimmy; Zubarev, Roman A; Holmdahl, Rikard

2013-07-01

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has traditionally been performed in MHC class II A(q)-expressing mice, whereas most genetically modified mice are on the C57BL/6 background (expressing the b haplotype of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region). However, C57BL/6 mice develop arthritis after immunisation with chicken-derived collagen type II (CII), but arthritis susceptibility has been variable, and the immune specificity has not been clarified. To establish a CIA model on the C57BL/6 background with a more predictable and defined immune response to CII. Both chicken and rat CII were arthritogenic in C57BL/6 mice provided they were introduced with high doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis adjuvant. However, contaminating pepsin was strongly immunogenic and was essential for arthritis development. H-2(b)-restricted T cell epitopes on chicken or rat CII could not be identified, but expression of A(q) on the C57BL/6 background induced T cell response to the CII260-270 epitope, and also prolonged the arthritis to be more chronic. The putative (auto)antigen and its arthritogenic determinants in C57BL/6 mice remains undisclosed, questioning the value of the model for addressing T cell-driven pathological pathways in arthritis. To circumvent this impediment, we recommend MHC class II congenic C57BL/6N.Q mice, expressing A(q), with which T cell determinants have been thoroughly characterised.

The isolation and characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia T4-like bacteriophage DLP6.

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Danielle L Peters

Full Text Available Increasing isolation of the extremely antibiotic resistant bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has caused alarm worldwide due to the limited treatment options available. A potential treatment option for fighting this bacterium is 'phage therapy', the clinical application of bacteriophages to selectively kill bacteria. Bacteriophage DLP6 (vB_SmoM-DLP6 was isolated from a soil sample using clinical isolate S. maltophilia strain D1571 as host. Host range analysis of phage DLP6 against 27 clinical S. maltophilia isolates shows successful infection and lysis in 13 of the 27 isolates tested. Transmission electron microscopy of DLP6 indicates that it is a member of the Myoviridae family. Complete genome sequencing and analysis of DLP6 reveals its richly recombined evolutionary history, featuring a core of both T4-like and cyanophage genes, which suggests that it is a member of the T4-superfamily. Unlike other T4-superfamily phages however, DLP6 features a transposase and ends with 229 bp direct terminal repeats. The isolation of this bacteriophage is an exciting discovery due to the divergent nature of DLP6 in relation to the T4-superfamily of phages.

N,N-Diethylanilinium 2,4-dioxo-5-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-olate

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Manickam Buvaneswari

2011-12-01

Full Text Available In the crystal structure of the title molecular salt, C10H16N+·C10H4N5O9−, the components are linked through a N—H...O hydrogen bonds. R22(8 ring motifs are formed between inversion-related barbiturate residues. Two intramoleculer N—H...O hydrogen bonds are observed in the anion. The dihedral angle between 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl and barbiturate rings is 53.6 (2°. The N,N-diethylamine substituent is disordered and was modeled as two geometrically equivalent conformers with occupancies of 0.737 (2 and 0.273 (2.

Multidimensional Space-Time Methodology for Development of Planetary and Space Sciences, S-T Data Management and S-T Computational Tomography

Science.gov (United States)

Andonov, Zdravko

This R&D represent innovative multidimensional 6D-N(6n)D Space-Time (S-T) Methodology, 6D-6nD Coordinate Systems, 6D Equations, new 6D strategy and technology for development of Planetary Space Sciences, S-T Data Management and S-T Computational To-mography. . . The Methodology is actual for brain new RS Microwaves' Satellites and Compu-tational Tomography Systems development, aimed to defense sustainable Earth, Moon, & Sun System evolution. Especially, extremely important are innovations for monitoring and protec-tion of strategic threelateral system H-OH-H2O Hydrogen, Hydroxyl and Water), correspond-ing to RS VHRS (Very High Resolution Systems) of 1.420-1.657-22.089GHz microwaves. . . One of the Greatest Paradox and Challenge of World Science is the "transformation" of J. L. Lagrange 4D Space-Time (S-T) System to H. Minkovski 4D S-T System (O-X,Y,Z,icT) for Einstein's "Theory of Relativity". As a global result: -In contemporary Advanced Space Sciences there is not real adequate 4D-6D Space-Time Coordinate System and 6D Advanced Cosmos Strategy & Methodology for Multidimensional and Multitemporal Space-Time Data Management and Tomography. . . That's one of the top actual S-T Problems. Simple and optimal nD S-T Methodology discovery is extremely important for all Universities' Space Sci-ences' Education Programs, for advances in space research and especially -for all young Space Scientists R&D!... The top ten 21-Century Challenges ahead of Planetary and Space Sciences, Space Data Management and Computational Space Tomography, important for successfully de-velopment of Young Scientist Generations, are following: 1. R&D of W. R. Hamilton General Idea for transformation all Space Sciences to Time Sciences, beginning with 6D Eukonal for 6D anisotropic mediums & velocities. Development of IERS Earth & Space Systems (VLBI; LLR; GPS; SLR; DORIS Etc.) for Planetary-Space Data Management & Computational Planetary & Space Tomography. 2. R&D of S. W. Hawking Paradigm for 2D

Sabit Odaklı Silindirik Parabolik Bir Yoğunlaştırıcıda Kızgın Su Elde Edilmesi

OpenAIRE

Halıcı, Fethi

2018-01-01

Bu çalışn1ada, odağı sabit yansıtıcısı ha reketli olarak imal edilen silindirik parabolik yoğunlaştırıcıda (SPY) kızgın su ve sıcak su için yapılan deney sonuçları ve pe rfoımans değerleri verilmiştir. (SPY) 'nın yansıtıcı yüzeyi 2ınx3 m boyutlarında olup toplam açıklık alanı 6 ın2 dir. Odaktaki yut ucu yüzey yan yana yerleştirilen 2 kanatlı borudan imal edilmiştir. Odak uzaklığı 6 m olan (SPY) kuzey güney doğrultusu nda yerleştirilerek özel yapılan bir ınekanizma ile güneşi doğu batı do...

Comparación de nuevas técnicas de caracterización sensorial utilizando consumidores

OpenAIRE

Valentín Llanos, Juan

2015-01-01

Para la evaluación de productos en la industria, el análisis descriptivo es el método que más se utiliza dentro de las técnicas de análisis sensorial. Se emplea para el desarrollo de nuevos productos, el control de calidad, así como en la investigación de mercados. Estos métodos clásicos de análisis sensorial descriptivo requieren de un extenso entrenamiento de catadores, siendo su formación muy costosa en recursos y tiempo. En consecuencia, estas técnicas no son muy aplicables...

Ajuste de tiempos de inmersión en técnicas combinadas de deshidratado de duraznos

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Urfalino, D.P

2014-04-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se desarrolló una técnica combinada de deshidratado osmótico-convectivo para duraznos. El objetivo fue ajustar los tiempos de inmersión en las soluciones de sacarosa empleadas para generar un proceso de fácil adopción y económico que brinde productos de alta calidad que mantengan dichas características durante todo su período de almacenaje. Para ello, se realizó una primera inmersión de los duraznos pelados en mitades en una solución de metabisulfito de sodio al 5% durante tres minutos y, posteriormente, se colocaron en una solución de sacarosa a 55º Brix variando los tiempos de inmersión (T1: 24 horas; T2: 12 horas; T3: 6 horas y T4: 0 horas. Transcurridos dichos intervalos de tiempo, los duraznos se escurrieron, se enjuagaron y se deshidrataron a 55º C hasta 20% de humedad final en un horno eléctrico. Cada tratamiento se realizó por duplicado. Durante la realización de los ensayos se determinó peso y volumen, antes y después de la etapa de deshidratado osmótico (DO y de la etapa de deshidratado convectivo. Una vez obtenido el producto final se evaluó color y dióxido de azufre residual cada tres meses por un plazo total de 10 meses. Los resultados reflejaron que los tratamientos que tuvieron mayores tiempos de inmersión en la solución hipertónica presentaron mayor volumen y rendimiento en el producto final, los cuales fueron directamente proporcionales al tiempo de inmersión. Por otro lado, los tratamientos que tuvieron la etapa de DO presentaron un contenido de sulfitos considerablemente menor en el producto final, respecto al testigo y una menor degradación del color a través del tiempo. El tratamiento 1 se destacó por presentar la mayor estabilidad del parámetro de color L* (el cual refleja la luminosidad durante los 10 meses de almacenaje evaluados.

Ternary Mixtures of N-Docosane, N-Tricosane and N-Tetracosane Mélanges ternaires de n-docosane, n-tricosane et n-tétracosane

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Nouar H.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Binary phase diagrams of the systems: n-docosane: n-tricosane (C22H46 : C23H48, n-tricosane: n-tetracosane (C23H48: C24H50 and n-docosane: n-tetracosane (C22H46: C24H50 have been established by means of structural and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. On the basis of these results and of X-ray examination of forty one ternary mixtures, it is proposed the ternary phase diagram (C22H46: C23H48: C24H50 at room temperature. This work has indicated the existence of limited terminal solid solutions near the three pure n-alkanes and three domains of orthorhombic intermediate phases (noted ß' 1, ß'' 1, ß' 2 identical to those observed in the binary systems. X-ray experiments have showed that the phases ß' 1, ß'' 2 situated on the both sides of the middle intermediate phase ß' 1, are isostructural as in the binary systems. Les diagrammes de phases des systèmes binaires : n-docosane : n-tricosane (C22H46 : C23H48, n-tricosane : n-tétracosane (C23H48 : C24H50 et n-docosane : n-tétracosane (C22H46 : C24H50 ont été établis à partir d'analyses thermiques différentielles (ATD et structurales. Sur la base de ces résultats, ainsi que de l'examen aux rayons X de 41 mélanges ternaires, le diagramme de phases du ternaire (C22H46 : C23H48 : C24H50 à température ambiante est proposé. Ce travail a indiqué l'existence de domaines limités de solutions solides au voisinage des trois n-alcanes purs, ainsi que de trois régions de phases intermédiaires orthorhombiques (notées ß' 1, ß 1, ß' 2 identiques à celles observées avec les systèmes binaires. Les analyses aux rayons X ont montré que les phases ß' 1 et ß' 2 situées de part et d'autre de la phase médiane intermédiaire ß1 sont isostructurales, tout comme dans le cas des systèmes binaires.

Kötü Niyetli Yönetim Algılamasının Çalışanların Performansları Üzerindeki Etkisinde Duygusal Zekânın Rolü

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Mahmut ÖZDEVECİOĞLU

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Çalışanların kötü niyetli yönetim algılamalarının onların performansları üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkide duygusal zekâlarının rolünü ele alan bu çalışma Kırşehir’de 353 kamu memuru ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada performans, bağlamsal ve görev olmak üzere iki boyutta ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda duygusal zekânın, kötü niyetli yönetim algılamasının çalışanların performansları üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini azalttığı veya tamamen ortadan kaldırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bu temel sonuçla birlikte, duygusal zekânın bağlamsal ve görev performansı ile pozitif yönlü ilişkiye sahip olduğu, kötü niyetli yönetim algılaması ile bağlamsal ve görev performansı arasında negatif yönlü ilişki olduğu ve iki performans arasında anlamlı pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada ulaşılan bir diğer önemli sonuç ise, duygusal zekâ ile kötü niyetli yönetim algılaması arasındaki negatif yönlü ilişkidir.

Gestión del capital intelectual: aplicación al mantenimiento técnico.

OpenAIRE

Fernández Varo, Francisco; Salvador Vallès, Ramon

2005-01-01

Se propone un modelo y un cuadro de indicadores para la gestión del Capital Intelectual en el departamento de mantenimiento técnico de los equipos de un hospital. Bajo la perspectiva de mejorar la gestión de Capital Intelectual se analiza la situación del departamento, se establece un diagnóstico y una propuesta de actuación.

Synthesis and X-ray structures of dilithium complexes of the phosphonate anions [PhP(E)(N(t)Bu)(2)](2-) (E = O, S, Se, Te) and dimethylaluminum derivatives of [PhP(E)(N(t)Bu)(NH(t)Bu)](-) (E = S, Se).

Science.gov (United States)

Briand, Glen G; Chivers, Tristram; Krahn, Mark; Parvez, Masood

2002-12-16

The dilithium salts of the phosphonate dianions [PhP(E)(N(t)Bu)(2)](2-) (E = O, S, Se) are generated by the lithiation of [PhP(E)(NH(t)Bu)(2)] with n-butyllithium. The formation of the corresponding telluride (E = Te) is achieved by oxidation of [Li(2)[PhP(N(t)Bu)(2)

Reparación protésica de hernias inguinales con técnica de Lichtenstein

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Ernesto Simón Enríquez Weinmann

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de un estudio prospectivo que trata de la colocación de prótesis por vía anterior en la reparación de hernias inguinales con la utilización de variantes técnicas propuestas por Lichtenstein. Se incluye un total de 150 pacientes, a los que se les realizó operación, desde septiembre de 1996 hasta febrero de 2001; en 100 de éstos se practicó la técnica de reforzamiento protésico inicialmente descrita por Lichtenstein, y en 50, la técnica libre de tensión. Se realizaron 93 herniorrafias primarias, y 57 en hernias recidivadas, 10 de ellas iteradas. El tipo de hernia más frecuentemente operado según la clasificación de Gilbert modificada, fue la tipo III; 8 pacientes presentaban hernia en pantalón (tipo VI. La anestesia más frecuentemente usada fue la regional, y le siguió en frecuencia la anestesia general, local y analgesia acupuntural. Las complicaciones se comportaron de manera similar a las técnicas tradicionales, donde 26 pacientes presentaron complicaciones inmediatas menores. Ocurrió sepsis de la herida en un caso (0,6 %, y hasta la fecha no se han verificado recidivas, con un seguimiento promedio de 39 meses (12-66 del 100 % de los casos. Se sustenta la enseñanza del reforzamiento protésico para el cirujano en formaciónThe results of a prospective study dealing with the placement of prostheses by anterior route in the repair of inguinal hernias by using the technical variants proposed by Lichtenstein were presented. 150 patients who were operated on from September, 1996, to February, 2001, were included. The prosthetic reinforcement technique initially described by Lichtenstein was performed in 100, whereas the free-tension technique was used in 50 patients. 93 primary herniorraphies were performed. 57 were carried out in recurrent hernias, 10 of them iterated. Type III was the type of hernia most commonly operated on, according to Gilbert classification. 8 patients presented type VI hernia

Mechanical Properties Of AA 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welds

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Asmaa M. Abdullah

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The different parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 Friction stir-welded (FSW joints were investigated in the present study. Different welded specimens were produced by employing variable rotating speeds and welding speeds. Tensile strength of the produced joints was tested at room temperature and the the effecincy was assessed, it was 75% of the base metal at rotational speed 1500 rpm and weld speed 50 mm/min. Hardness of various zones of FSW welds are presented and analyzed by means of brinell hardness number . Besides to thess tests the bending properties investigated and showed good results in some specimen and not in onother the mamximum stress was 240 N/mm2 at rotational speed 1500 rpm and weld speed 50 mm/min , while the maximum stress at 1250 rpm and 75 mm/min 94 N/mm2 , hardness results shwed lower values in heat affected and nugget zones than the base metal with improving of hardness at 1500 rpm, 75 mm/min .

Estimating immunoregulatory gene networks in human herpesvirus type 6-infected T cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takaku, Tomoiku; Ohyashiki, Junko H.; Zhang, Yu; Ohyashiki, Kazuma

2005-01-01

The immune response to viral infection involves complex network of dynamic gene and protein interactions. We present here the dynamic gene network of the host immune response during human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) infection in an adult T-cell leukemia cell line. Using a pathway-focused oligonucleotide DNA microarray, we found a possible association between chemokine genes regulating Th1/Th2 balance and genes regulating T-cell proliferation during HHV-6B infection. Gene network analysis using an integrated comprehensive workbench, VoyaGene, revealed that a gene encoding a TEC-family kinase, ITK, might be a putative modulator in the host immune response against HHV-6B infection. We conclude that Th2-dominated inflammatory reaction in host cells may play an important role in HHV-6B-infected T cells, thereby suggesting the possibility that ITK might be a therapeutic target in diseases related to dysregulation of Th1/Th2 balance. This study describes a novel approach to find genes related with the complex host-virus interaction using microarray data employing the Bayesian statistical framework

ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4n6 and 22:6n3[S

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Man; Benham, Aaron; Logan, Sreemathi; Brush, R. Steven; Mandal, Md Nawajes A.; Anderson, Robert E.; Agbaga, Martin-Paul

2012-01-01

We hypothesized that reduction/loss of very long chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) due to mutations in the ELOngase of very long chain fatty acid-4 (ELOVL4) protein contributes to retinal degeneration in autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3) and age-related macular degeneration; hence, increasing VLC-PUFA in the retina of these patients could provide some therapeutic benefits. Thus, we tested the efficiency of elongation of C20-C22 PUFA by the ELOVL4 protein to determine which substrates are the best precursors for biosynthesis of VLC-PUFA. The ELOVL4 protein was expressed in pheochromocytoma cells, while green fluorescent protein-expressing and nontransduced cells served as controls. The cells were treated with 20:5n3, 22:6n3, and 20:4n6, either individually or in equal combinations. Both transduced and control cells internalized and elongated the supplemented FAs to C22-C26 precursors. Only ELOVL4-expressing cells synthesized C28-C38 VLC-PUFA from these precursors. In general, 20:5n3 was more efficiently elongated to VLC-PUFA in the ELOVL4-expressing cells, regardless of whether it was in combination with 22:6n3 or with 20:4n6. In each FA treatment group, C34 and C36 VLC-PUFAs were the predominant VLC-PUFAs in the ELOVL4-expressing cells. In summary, 20:5n3, followed by 20:4n6, seems to be the best precursor for boosting the synthesis of VLC-PUFA by ELOVL4 protein. PMID:22158834

Aplicación del método Petrov-galerkin como técnica para la estabilización de la solución en problemas unidimensionales de convección-difusión-reacción

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Diego Alexander Garzón Alvarado

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo estudia el método Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin como técnica de estabilización de la solución numérica de las ecuaciones diferenciales de advección-difusión-reacción; se analiza el método a la luz de la naturaleza no auto adjunta del operador diferencial convectivo y de las transformaciones necesarias para la estabilización de la solución por medio de la eliminación del efecto no autoadjunto inducido por el término convectivo. Se desarrollaron seis diversos ejemplos numéricos, los cuales incluyen problemas de coeficientes variables, altamente convectivos, fuertemente reactivos, sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales y soluciones transitorias. Se encuentra un excelente desempeño de esta técnica de estabilización para todos los casos anteriormente mencionados, exceptuando los problemas con términos reactivos fuertes.

Empleo de la ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada: dificultades técnicas y evolución clínica

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José Luis Cobo Sánchez

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada se ha revelado como una posible estrategia terapéutica para pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada resistente a diuréticos. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la evolución clínica a corto-medio plazo de los pacientes sometidos a ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada y las incidencias técnicas/clínicas. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal prospectivo en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en estadio III-IV de la New York Heart Association resistentes al tratamiento diurético. La ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada se realizó con el sistema Dedyca®, usando como acceso vascular un catéter venoso central. La tasa de ultrafiltración se iba ajustando en función de la tensión arterial del paciente. Para evaluar la evolución clínica se realizaron controles clínicos y analíticos antes y 1 mes después de las sesiones de ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada. Para evaluar las complicaciones técnicas/clínicas se revisaron los registros de enfermería. Resultados: Se estudiaros 6 pacientes, que realizaron una media de 2 sesiones, con una duración media de 5 horas y una ultrafiltración media de 2100cc por sesión. Respecto a las complicaciones técnicas, sólo un paciente presentó coagulación parcial delsistema. Ningún paciente presentó efectos adversos durante la ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada. Conclusiones: Tras la ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada, aumenta la diuresis con la misma dosis de diurético e incluso con disminución progresiva. Es una técnica sencilla, sin complicaciones técnicas para enfermeras familiarizadas con técnicas de depuración extracorpórea.

Fabrication of 6FDA-durene membrane incorporated with zeolite T and aminosilane grafted zeolite T for CO2/CH4 separation

Science.gov (United States)

Jusoh, Norwahyu; Fong Yeong, Yin; Keong Lau, Kok; Shariff, Azmi Mohd

2017-08-01

In the present work, zeolite T and aminosilane grafted zeolite T are embedded into 6FDA-durene polyimide phase for the fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). FESEM images demonstrated that the improvement of interfacial adhesion between zeolite and polymer phases in MMM loaded with aminosilane grafted zeolite T was not significant as compared to zeolite T/6FDA-durene MMM. From the gas permeation test, CO2/CH4 selectivity up to 26.4 was achieved using MMM containing aminosilane grafted zeolite T, while MMM loaded with ungrafted zeolite T showed CO2/CH4 selectivity of 19.1. In addition, MMM incorporated with aminosilane grafted zeolite T particles successfully lies on Robeson upper bound 2008, which makes it an attractive candidate for CO2/CH4 separation.

Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis: significance in T and N staging of gastric cancers.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Song; Zhang, Yujuan; Chen, Ling; Guan, Wenxian; Guan, Yue; Ge, Yun; He, Jian; Zhou, Zhengyang

2017-10-02

Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis has been introduced and proved effective in assessment of multiple tumors. However, the application of whole-volume ADC histogram analysis in gastrointestinal tumors has just started and never been reported in T and N staging of gastric cancers. Eighty patients with pathologically confirmed gastric carcinomas underwent diffusion weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging before surgery prospectively. Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis was performed by two radiologists independently. The differences of ADC histogram parameters among different T and N stages were compared with independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of ADC histogram parameters in differentiating particular T or N stages of gastric cancers. There were significant differences of all the ADC histogram parameters for gastric cancers at different T (except ADC min and ADC max ) and N (except ADC max ) stages. Most ADC histogram parameters differed significantly between T1 vs T3, T1 vs T4, T2 vs T4, N0 vs N1, N0 vs N3, and some parameters (ADC 5% , ADC 10% , ADC min ) differed significantly between N0 vs N2, N2 vs N3 (all P histogram parameters held great potential in differentiating different T and N stages of gastric cancers preoperatively.

Caracterización funcional de la táctica deportiva. Propuesta de clasificación de los deportes

OpenAIRE

Solà Santesmases, Josep

2005-01-01

En un artículo anterior se había ofrecido una explicación de la táctica deportiva como un saber deportivo interpretativo. El presente artículo se articula como continuación de aquel recorrido deductivo que, habiendo partido del estudio general del saber deportivo, acotaba finalmente el fenómeno del  saber exclusivamente táctico. Nuestro artículo pretende profundizar y justificar los descriptores teóricos esenciales que permiten aclarar el concepto de táctica (saber, interpretación e integraci...

Caracterización de las transformaciones α↔β de la aleación Ti–6Al–4V y de las características mecánicas y microestructurales obtenidas

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Tarín, P.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available In the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the α phase is gradually transformed into the β phase until β-transus temperature (≈ 1000 ºC is reached, and the transformation completed. It is important to identify transformation kinetics (mainly in other titanium alloy types, as near α to accomplish solution heat treatments in which a phase α percentage (primary α remains unchanged. In this paper, kinetics and other transformation characteristics are evaluated, as well as their influence on subsequent cooling transformations, by differential and dilatometric thermal analysis, electric conductivity measurements, hardness measurements and metallographic observation, after performing controlled thermal treatments. Starting from the mill annealed condition, samples were heated at temperatures between 650-1000 ºC for 1 hour, then water quenched and subsequently heated at 530 ºC for 6 hours, air cooled. Finally, the mechanical properties of samples heat treated as indicated above were obtained.

En la aleación Ti-6Al-4V la fase α se va transformando en calentamiento en fase β hasta completarse al alcanzar la temperatura β-transus (≈1000 ºC. La identificación de la cinética de esa transformación es importante (y más todavía en otros tipos de aleaciones de Ti, como las super-α para realizar tratamientos de solución en los que se deja sin transformar un determinado porcentaje de fase α (llamada primaria. En el presente trabajo se estudia y se valora la cinética y otras características de esa transformación, así como su influencia en transformaciones posteriores en enfriamiento, mediante técnicas de análisis térmico (diferencial y dilatométrico y con medidas de conductividad eléctrica, estudios metalográficos y medidas de dureza, llevados a cabo tras la realización de tratamientos térmicos controlados. Los tratamientos térmicos realizados, a partir del estado de entrega (mill annealed, fueron calentamientos de 1 hora a temperaturas

Pulsating strings from two-dimensional CFT on (T4N/S(N

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Carlos Cardona

2015-04-01

Full Text Available We propose a state from the two-dimensional conformal field theory on the orbifold (T4N/S(N as a dual description for a pulsating string moving in AdS3. We show that, up to first order in the deforming parameter, the energy in both descriptions has the same dependence on the mode number, but with a non-trivial function of the coupling.

Protection of the 6 T YBCO insert in the 13 T Nb$_{3}$Sn Fresca II dipole

CERN Document Server

Stenvall, A.; Fazilleau, Ph.; Devaux, M.; Durante, M.; Lecrevisse, T.; Rey, J. -M.; Fleiter, J.; Sorbi, M.; Volpini, G.; Tixador, P.

2013-01-01

In the EuCARD project, we aim to construct a dipole magnet in YBCO producing 6 T in the background field of a 13 T Nb$_{3}$Sn dipole FRESCA II. This paper reviews the quench analysis and protection of the YBCO coil. In addition, a recommendation for the protection system of the YBCO coil is presented.

Structural transition of (InSb)n clusters at n = 6-10

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Qi Liang; Luo, Qi Quan; Huang, Shou Guo; Li, Yi De

2016-10-01

An optimization strategy combining global semi-empirical quantum mechanical search with all-electron density functional theory was adopted to determine the lowest energy structure of (InSb)n clusters with n = 6-10. A new structural growth pattern of the clusters was observed. The lowest energy structures of (InSb)6 and (InSb)8 were different from that of previously reported results. Competition existed between core-shell and cage-like structures of (InSb)8. The structural transition of (InSb)n clusters occurred at size n = 8-9. For (InSb)9 and (InSb)10 clusters, core-shell structure were more energetically favorable than the cage. The corresponding electronic properties were investigated.

A novel H6N1 virus-like particle vaccine induces long-lasting cross-clade antibody immunity against human and avian H6N1 viruses.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Ji-Rong; Chen, Chih-Yuan; Kuo, Chuan-Yi; Cheng, Chieh-Yu; Lee, Min-Shiuh; Cheng, Ming-Chu; Yang, Yu-Chih; Wu, Chia-Ying; Wu, Ho-Sheng; Liu, Ming-Tsan; Hsiao, Pei-Wen

2016-02-01

Avian influenza A(H6N1) virus is one of the most common viruses isolated from migrating birds and domestic poultry in many countries. The first and only known case of human infection by H6N1 virus in the world was reported in Taiwan in 2013. This led to concern that H6N1 virus may cause a threat to public health. In this study, we engineered a recombinant H6N1 virus-like particle (VLP) and investigated its vaccine effectiveness compared to the traditional egg-based whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccine. The H6N1-VLPs exhibited similar morphology and functional characteristics to influenza viruses. Prime-boost intramuscular immunization in mice with unadjuvanted H6N1-VLPs were highly immunogenic and induced long-lasting antibody immunity. The functional activity of the VLP-elicited IgG antibodies was proved by in vitro seroprotective hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization titers against the homologous human H6N1 virus, as well as in vivo viral challenge analyses which showed H6N1-VLP immunization significantly reduced viral load in the lung, and protected against human H6N1 virus infection. Of particular note, the H6N1-VLPs but not the H6N1-WIVs were able to confer cross-reactive humoral immunity; antibodies induced by H6N1-VLP vaccine robustly inhibited the hemagglutination activities and in vitro replication of distantly-related heterologous avian H6N1 viruses. Furthermore, the H6N1-VLPs were found to elicit significantly greater anti-HA2 antibody responses in immunized mice than H6N1-WIVs. Collectively, we demonstrated for the first time a novel H6N1-VLP vaccine that effectively provides broadly protective immunity against both human and avian H6N1 viruses. These results, which uncover the underlying mechanisms for induction of wide-range immunity against influenza viruses, may be useful for future influenza vaccine development. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A modified Johnson–Cook model of dynamic tensile behaviors for 7075-T6 aluminum alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Ding-Ni, E-mail: siping4840@126.com [The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234 (China); Shangguan, Qian-Qian [The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234 (China); Xie, Can-Jun [Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd., Shanghai 200120 (China); Liu, Fu [Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute of COMAC, Shanghai 201210 (China)

2015-01-15

Highlights: • The dynamic mechanical behaviors at various strain rates were measured. • The strain rate hardening effect of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy is significant. • A new Johnson–Cook constitutive model of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was obtained. • Numerical simulations of tensile tests at different rates were conducted. • Accuracy of the modified Johnson–Cook constitutive equation was proved. - Abstract: The dynamic mechanical behaviors of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy at various strain rates were measured by dynamic tensile tests using the electronic universal testing machine, high velocity testing system and split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB). Stress–strain curves at different rates were obtained. The results show that the strain rate hardening effect of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy is significant. By modifying the strain rate hardening term in the Johnson–Cook constitutive model, a new Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was obtained. The improved Johnson–Cook model matched the experiment results very well. With the Johnson–Cook constitutive model, numerical simulations of tensile tests at different rates for 7075-T6 aluminum alloy were conducted. According to tensile loading and stress–strain relation of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy, calculation results were compared with experimental results. Accuracy of the modified Johnson–Cook constitutive equation was further proved.

A modified Johnson–Cook model of dynamic tensile behaviors for 7075-T6 aluminum alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Ding-Ni; Shangguan, Qian-Qian; Xie, Can-Jun; Liu, Fu

2015-01-01

Highlights: • The dynamic mechanical behaviors at various strain rates were measured. • The strain rate hardening effect of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy is significant. • A new Johnson–Cook constitutive model of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was obtained. • Numerical simulations of tensile tests at different rates were conducted. • Accuracy of the modified Johnson–Cook constitutive equation was proved. - Abstract: The dynamic mechanical behaviors of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy at various strain rates were measured by dynamic tensile tests using the electronic universal testing machine, high velocity testing system and split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB). Stress–strain curves at different rates were obtained. The results show that the strain rate hardening effect of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy is significant. By modifying the strain rate hardening term in the Johnson–Cook constitutive model, a new Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was obtained. The improved Johnson–Cook model matched the experiment results very well. With the Johnson–Cook constitutive model, numerical simulations of tensile tests at different rates for 7075-T6 aluminum alloy were conducted. According to tensile loading and stress–strain relation of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy, calculation results were compared with experimental results. Accuracy of the modified Johnson–Cook constitutive equation was further proved

Generación de experiencias visuales en ciegos mediante estimulación táctil repetitiva

OpenAIRE

Tomás Ortiz; Juan M. Santos

2012-01-01

Estudios recientes de nuestro laboratorio han establecido que se puede generar una activación estable del córtex visual en ciegos mediante entrenamiento táctil pasivo prolongado. Esta neuroplasticidad cortical se acompaña en un 40% de los participantes invidentes de sensaciones visuales, así como de una mayor rapidez en el reconocimiento táctil de información espacial tales como líneas, iconos o imágenes, y es crucial para su correcta interpretación. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para el ...

Influence of oilseed supplement ranging in n-6/n-3 ratio on fatty acid composition and Δ5-, Δ6-desaturase protein expression in steer muscles.

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, T D; Mitchell, A; Duynisveld, J; Pickova, J; Doran, O; McNiven, M A

2012-12-01

This study investigated effects of roasted or extruded oilseed supplementation ranging in n-6/n-3 ratios from 0.3 to 5.0 on the fatty acid composition and expression of delta-5 desaturase (Δ5d) and Δ6-desaturase (Δ6d) protein in commercial steer cheek (m. masseter) and diaphragm (pars costalis diaphragmatis) muscles. In general, the n-6/n-3 ratio of the diet had a subsequent effect on the muscle n-6/n-3 ratio (P muscle 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 content relating to proportion of dietary soya bean and linseed (P muscle the Δ5d protein expression had a stronger association with the desaturase products rather than the precursors. The relationship between Δ5d protein expression and the muscle LC n-6/n-3 ratio was negative in both muscles (P muscle 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 deposition, whereas the Δ5d and Δ6d protein expression had some influence on the polar lipid LC-PUFA profile. Results reaffirm that processed oilseeds can be used to increase the proportion of fatty acids potentially beneficial for human health, by influencing the formation of LC-PUFA and reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio.

T cell activation and differentiation is modulated by a CD6 domain 1 antibody Itolizumab.

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Usha Bughani

Full Text Available CD6 is associated with T-cell modulation and is implicated in several autoimmune diseases. We previously demonstrated that Itolizumab, a CD6 domain 1 (CD6D1 specific humanized monoclonal antibody, inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production by T lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody or when co-stimulated with ALCAM. Aberrant IL-17 producing CD4+ helper T-cells (Th17 have been identified as pivotal for the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. Itolizumab has demonstrated efficacy in human diseases known to have an IL-17 driven pathogenesis. Here, in in vitro experiments we show that by day 3 of human PBMC activation using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 co-stimulation in a Th17 polarizing milieu, 15-35% of CD4+ T-cells overexpress CD6 and there is an establishment of differentiated Th17 cells. Addition of Itolizumab reduces the activation and differentiation of T cells to Th17 cells and decreases production of IL-17. These effects are associated with the reduction of key transcription factors pSTAT3 and RORγT. Further, transcription analysis studies in these conditions indicate that Itolizumab suppressed T cell activation by primarily reducing cell cycle, DNA transcription and translation associated genes. To understand the mechanism of this inhibition, we evaluated the effect of this anti-human CD6D1 mAb on ALCAM-CD6 as well as TCR-mediated T cell activation. We show that Itolizumab but not its F(ab'2 fragment directly inhibits CD6 receptor hyper-phosphorylation and leads to subsequent decrease in associated ZAP70 kinase and docking protein SLP76. Since Itolizumab binds to CD6 expressed only on human and chimpanzee, we developed an antibody binding specifically to mouse CD6D1. This antibody successfully ameliorated the incidence of experimental autoimmune encephalitis in the mice model. These results position CD6 as a key molecule in sustaining the activation and differentiation of T cells and an

GIMAP6 is required for T cell maintenance and efficient autophagy in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Pascall, John C; Webb, Louise M C; Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa; Innocentin, Silvia; Attaf-Bouabdallah, Noudjoud; Butcher, Geoffrey W

2018-01-01

The GTPases of the immunity-associated proteins (GIMAP) GTPases are a family of proteins expressed strongly in the adaptive immune system. We have previously reported that in human cells one member of this family, GIMAP6, interacts with the ATG8 family member GABARAPL2, and is recruited to autophagosomes upon starvation, suggesting a role for GIMAP6 in the autophagic process. To study this possibility and the function of GIMAP6 in the immune system, we have established a mouse line in which the Gimap6 gene can be inactivated by Cre-mediated recombination. In mice bred to carry the CD2Cre transgene such that the Gimap6 gene was deleted within the T and B cell lineages there was a 50-70% reduction in peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Analysis of splenocyte-derived proteins from these mice indicated increased levels of MAP1LC3B, particularly the lipidated LC3-II form, and S405-phosphorylation of SQSTM1. Electron microscopic measurements of Gimap6-/- CD4+ T cells indicated an increased mitochondrial/cytoplasmic volume ratio and increased numbers of autophagosomes. These results are consistent with autophagic disruption in the cells. However, Gimap6-/- T cells were largely normal in character, could be effectively activated in vitro and supported T cell-dependent antibody production. Treatment in vitro of CD4+ splenocytes from GIMAP6fl/flERT2Cre mice with 4-hydroxytamoxifen resulted in the disappearance of GIMAP6 within five days. In parallel, increased phosphorylation of SQSTM1 and TBK1 was observed. These results indicate a requirement for GIMAP6 in the maintenance of a normal peripheral adaptive immune system and a significant role for the protein in normal autophagic processes. Moreover, as GIMAP6 is expressed in a cell-selective manner, this indicates the potential existence of a cell-restricted mode of autophagic regulation.

Generación de experiencias visuales en ciegos mediante estimulación táctil repetitiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomás Ortiz

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Estudios recientes de nuestro laboratorio han establecido que se puede generar una activación estable del córtex visual en ciegos mediante entrenamiento táctil pasivo prolongado. Esta neuroplasticidad cortical se acompaña en un 40% de los participantes invidentes de sensaciones visuales, así como de una mayor rapidez en el reconocimiento táctil de información espacial tales como líneas, iconos o imágenes, y es crucial para su correcta interpretación. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para el diseño de mecanismos sustitutivosde la visión en ciegos, pero también son útiles para entender ciertos síntomas neuropsiquiátricos como lassinestesias.

Evolución Microestructural en Uniones de la Aleación Ti-6Al-4V Mediante el Proceso de Soldadura de Punto por Fricción-agitación

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Flor Araceli Garcia-Castillo

Full Text Available Resumen La soldadura de punto por fricción-agitación (Friction Stir Spot Welding, FSSW es un tema de reciente desarrollo e interés, principalmente en aleaciones de Titanio, ya que existen estudios previos realizados en aleaciones de aluminio, magnesio, aceros y polímeros. Las aleaciones de Titanio tienen una amplia aplicación en la industria aeronáutica, principalmente como componentes en el tren de aterrizaje en aviones comerciales, por lo cual este trabajo se centra en la aleación Ti-6Al-4V, este tipo de aleación presenta fases alfa (α y beta (β, brindado mejor balance en propiedades mecánicas de dureza y esfuerzo a la tensión. El proceso FSSW se realizó mediante un centro de maquinado de alta velocidad, utilizando una velocidad de rotación de 500 RPM, una velocidad de penetración de la herramienta de 2 mm/s y 3 s en tiempo de sostenimiento, en láminas con un espesor de 1,5 mm y una longitud de traslape de 20 mm. Los resultados mostraron el efecto de las variables del proceso de soldadura FSSW sobre la microestructura de la aleación Ti-6Al-4V ocasionada por el efecto térmico y la deformación plástica del proceso de la soldadura, concluyendo que una adecuada combinación de parámetros permite realizar una unión sin defectos.

6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yazım Yanlışları Sıklığı ve Yazım Yanlışlarının Nedenlerine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri 6th Grade Students’ Frequency Of Orthographic Mistakes And Teachers’ View About The Reasons For Orthographic Mistakes

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Ahmet AKKAYA

2013-07-01

differently and efficiently, and to explain teachers the importance of orthographic mistakes. Yazım yanlışları, yazılı anlatımda iletişim sorunlarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olan önemli ögelerden biridir ve genellikle eğitim-öğretim ortamlarında öğrencilere öğretilmeye çalışılan yazılı anlatım kazanımlarındandır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin sınav kâğıtlarında yaptıkları yazım yanlışlarının sıklığını ve Türkçe öğretmenlerinin yazım yanlışlarının nedenlerine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Adıyaman il merkezinden 2 ve köylerinden bir ortaokuldan tesadüfi olarak belirlenen 6. sınıfların 336 sınav kâğıdı incelenmiş ve bu araştırmanın verilerinin bir kısmı elde edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin 4142 yazım yanlışı yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin sınavlarda simgeleri, kısaltmaları, düzeltme işaretini, yabancı özel adları kullanmadığı; ek fiilin yazılışı ve fiil çekimiyle ilgili yanlış yapmadıkları; ünlü daralması ve ünlü türemesi ses olaylarının olduğu kelimeleri doğru yazdıkları görülmüştür. 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin en fazla büyük harflerin yazılışında yanlış yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte sessiz harflerin yazılışı, sesli harflerin yazılışı, ses yutumu, bağlaç olan da, de'nin yazılışı ise en fazla tekrarlanan diğer yazım yanlışlarıdır. Öğrencilerin yaptığı yazım yanlışların nedenlerini belirlemek için de 6. sınıf Türkçe dersine giren 16 Türkçe öğretmenine “6. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazım yanlışlarının nedenleri nelerdir?” açık uçlu sorusu yöneltilmiş ve bu araştırmanın verilerinin diğer kısmı elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Türkçe öğretmenleri, 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazım yanlışlarının nedenlerinin ilgi ve dikkat eksikliğinden, temel dil

Surprising conformers of the biologically important A·T DNA base pairs: QM/QTAIM proofs

Science.gov (United States)

Brovarets', Ol'ha O.; Tsiupa, Kostiantyn S.; Hovorun, Dmytro M.

2018-02-01

For the first time novel high-energy conformers – A·T(wWC) (5.36), A·T(wrWC) (5.97), A·T(wH) (5.78) and A·T(wrH) (ΔG=5.82 kcal•mol-1) were revealed for each of the four biologically important A·T(WC) DNA base pairs – Watson-Crick A·T(WC), reverse Watson-Crick A·T(rWC), Hoogsteen A·T(H) and reverse Hoogsteen A·T(rH) at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of quantum-mechanical theory in the continuum with ɛ=4 under normal conditions. Each of these conformers possesses substantially non-planar wobble (w) structure and is stabilized by the participation of the two anti-parallel N6H/N6H'…O4/O2 and N3H…N6 H-bonds, involving the pyramidalized amino group of the A DNA base as an acceptor and a donor of the H-bonding. The transition states – TSA·T(WC)↔A·T(wWC), TSA·T(rWC)↔A·T(wrWC), TSA·T(H)↔A·T(wH) and TSA·T(rH)↔A·T(wrH), controlling the dipole-active transformations of the conformers from the main plane-symmetric state into the high-energy, significantly non-planar state and vice versa, were localized. They also possess wobble structures similarly to the high-energy conformers and are stabilized by the participation of the N6H/N6H'…O4/O2 and N3H…N6 H-bonds. Discovered conformers of the A·T DNA base pairs are dynamically stable short-lived structures (lifetime τ = (1.4-3.9) ps). Their possible biological significance and future perspectives have been briefly discussed.

Surprising Conformers of the Biologically Important A·T DNA Base Pairs: QM/QTAIM Proofs

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Ol'ha O. Brovarets'

2018-02-01

Full Text Available For the first time novel high-energy conformers–A·T(wWC (5.36, A·T(wrWC (5.97, A·T(wH (5.78, and A·T(wrH (ΔG = 5.82 kcal·mol−1 (See Graphical Abstract were revealed for each of the four biologically important A·T DNA base pairs – Watson-Crick A·T(WC, reverse Watson-Crick A·T(rWC, Hoogsteen A·T(H and reverse Hoogsteen A·T(rH at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p level of quantum-mechanical theory in the continuum with ε = 4 under normal conditions. Each of these conformers possesses substantially non-planar wobble (w structure and is stabilized by the participation of the two anti-parallel N6H/N6H′…O4/O2 and N3H…N6 H-bonds, involving the pyramidalized amino group of the A DNA base as an acceptor and a donor of the H-bonding. The transition states – TSA·T(WC↔A·T(wWC, TSA·T(rWC↔A·T(wrWC, TSA·T(H↔A·T(wH, and TSA·T(rH↔A·T(wrH, controlling the dipole-active transformations of the conformers from the main plane-symmetric state into the high-energy, significantly non-planar state and vice versa, were localized. They also possess wobble structures similarly to the high-energy conformers and are stabilized by the participation of the N6H/N6H′…O4/O2 and N3H…N6 H-bonds. Discovered conformers of the A·T DNA base pairs are dynamically stable short-lived structures [lifetime τ = (1.4–3.9 ps]. Their possible biological significance and future perspectives have been briefly discussed.

Expresión de L-selectina en linfocitos T y neutrófilos de niños infectados con HIV L-selectin expression on T lymphocytes and neutrophils in HIV infected children

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Gaddi Eduardo

2005-04-01

Full Text Available La capacidad de los leucocitos de abandonar la circulación y migrar hacia los tejidos es un paso crítico de la respuesta inmune. La L-selectina, selectina leucocitaria (CD62L, media la unión de linfocitos a las vénulas endoteliales altas de los ganglios linfáticos periféricos, y también participa en la adhesión de linfocitos, neutrófilos y monocitos al endotelio vascular activado en los sitios de inflamación. En este trabajo se estudiaron los niveles de expresión de L-selectina sobre los linfocitos T y polimorfonucleares neutrófilos en 25 niños HIV(+ sin tratamiento antirretroviral y 25 niños sanos HIV(-, evaluando además su comportamiento en 10 de los pacientes, luego de 6 meses de iniciada la terapéutica específica para el HIV. El número de linfocitos TCD3+, CD4+ y CD8+ que expresan CD62L se encontró significativamente disminuido en los niños HIV(+ con respecto al grupo control. El porcentaje de neutrófilos que expresan CD62L se encontró significativamente disminuido en los pacientes con mayor compromiso inmunológico. Se observó una correlación positiva entre los niveles de LTCD4+ y el porcentaje de neutrófilos que expresan CD62L. Luego de 6 meses de tratamiento antirretroviral no hubo cambios significativos en los niveles de expresión de CD62L sobre LTCD4+ y LTCD8+. La reducción en los niveles de expresión de L-selectina en estos tipos celulares sugiere que durante la infección por HIV las funciones leucocitarias tales como la migración y el asentamiento linfocitario son anormales, contribuyendo al progresivo deterioro inmune.The ability of leukocytes to leave the circulation and migrate into tissues is a critical feature of the immune response. L-selectin (CD62L, the leukocyte selectin, mediates the binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules of peripheral lymph nodes and is also involved in lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte attachment to vascular endothelium at sites of inflammation. In this study L

Resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos de bronce al aluminio producidos con técnica de proyección térmica//Wear resistance of aluminum bronze coatings produced by thermal spray

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Dayan Carolina Cárdenas-Feria

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la resistencia al desgaste adhesivo de recubrimientos de bronce al aluminio depositados con la técnica de proyección térmica por llama sobre bronce fosforado SAE 62. Los recubrimientos fueron fabricados variando las presiones parciales de los gases de combustión, oxígeno y acetileno. El material utilizado fue caracterizado estructuralmente mediante difracción de rayosX (X-ray diffraction, XRD y el estudio morfológico mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (Scanning electron microscopy, SEM. La resistencia al desgaste adhesivo de los recubrimientos se determinó por medio del ensayo de bola sobre disco, utilizando como bola una esférica de acero 100Cr6. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que los recubrimientos proyectados con una presión de oxigeno de 78 psi y una presión de acetileno de 8 psi presentan la mejor resistencia al desgaste en comparación a los tratamientos producidos. El modo de falla de desgaste en los recubrimientos producidos es discutido en esta investigación.Palabras clave: desgaste abrasivo y adhesivo,  proyección térmica,  recubrimientos.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractWe studied the adhesive wear resistance of aluminum bronze coatings deposited by thermal spray on phosphor bronze SAE 62 substrates. The coatings were deposited by varying the partial pressures of the combustion gases: oxygen and acetylene. The structural characterization was made through X-ray diffraction (XRD and the morphological analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM. The adhesive wear resistance of the coatings was determined by the bole on disc test using a spherical ball made of steel 100Cr6 and with a diameter of 6 mm. The results obtained show that the coating projected with an oxygen pressure of 78 psi and an acetylene pressure of 8 psi have the better wear resistance compared with the substrate and the others treatments deposited

Reducción de la demanda térmica originada en la vinificación en bodegas localizadas en zona de clima árido, mediante modelado térmico semi-empírico

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Alba Ramos Sanz

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio de tres muestras de bodegas elaboradoras, de San Juan, Argentina, revela que la demanda energética (DE en la vinificación se vincula a los procesos térmicos que se desenvuelven en el interior de las envolventes de vinificación (EV. Estos procesos determinan la calidad del vino y se extienden desde la fermentación hasta la conservación del mismo, durante los cuales el producto requiere cierta rigurosidad térmica, a la que se refiere análogamente en este trabajo como confort del vino. Para determinar la incidencia del clima árido en las condiciones de confort del vino y en la consecuente DE en acondicionamiento térmico, se diseña una planilla de modelización semi-empírica. Mediante este instrumento se experimentan los procesos térmicos de fermentación y conservación del vino en períodos cálidos (fermentación y conservación y fríos (conservación. Los resultados de la modelización confirman que un incremento de la inercia térmica de las EV promueve la disminución de la carga térmica (QT, la cual repercute sobre la DE en la bodega.

Residual pathological stage at radical cystectomy significantly impacts outcomes for initial T2N0 bladder cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Isbarn, Hendrik; Karakiewicz, Pierre I; Shariat, Shahrokh F; Capitanio, Umberto; Palapattu, Ganesh S; Sagalowsky, Arthur I; Lotan, Yair; Schoenberg, Mark P; Amiel, Gilad E; Lerner, Seth P; Sonpavde, Guru

2009-08-01

We hypothesized that in patients with T2N0 stage disease at transurethral bladder tumor resection a lower residual cancer stage (P1N0 or less) at radical cystectomy may correlate with improved outcomes relative to those with residual P2N0 disease. We analyzed 208 patients with T2N0 stage disease at transurethral bladder tumor resection whose tumors were organ confined at radical cystectomy (P2 or lower, pN0). None received perioperative chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier as well as univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed the effect of residual pT stage at radical cystectomy on recurrence and cancer specific mortality rates. Covariates consisted of age, gender, grade, lymphovascular invasion, carcinoma in situ, number of lymph nodes removed and year of surgery. Residual pT stage at radical cystectomy was P0 in 24 (11.5%) patients, Pa in 9 (4.3%), PCIS in 22 (10.6%), P1 in 35 (16.8%) and P2 in 118 (56.7%). Median followup of censored patients was 55.7 months for recurrence and 52.1 months for cancer specific mortality analyses. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of patients with P0/Pa/PCIS, P1 and P2 stage disease were 100%, 85% and 75%, respectively. The 5-year cancer specific survival rates for the same cohorts were 100%, 93% and 81%, respectively. On multivariable analysis the effect of residual stage P1 or lower at radical cystectomy achieved independent predictor status for recurrence (adjusted HR 0.20, p = 0.002) and cancer specific mortality (adjusted HR 0.24, p = 0.02). Down staging from initial T2N0 bladder cancer at transurethral bladder tumor resection to lower stage at radical cystectomy significantly reduces recurrence and cancer specific mortality. Further validation of this finding is warranted.

CB-SMoT+: UNA EXTENSIÓN AL ALGORITMO CB-SMoT

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FRANCISCO MORENO

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Una trayectoria es un registro de la evoluciónde la posición de un objeto móvil. Por ejemplo,un vehículo que se mueve en el espacio durante unintervalo de tiempo. Una trayectoria se representamediante una secuencia de observaciones que indicanla posición y el tiempo en el que fue tomada cadaobservación. CB-SMoT es un algoritmo que identificalas partes de una trayectoria durante las cuales elobjeto mantuvo una velocidad promedio por debajode un límite dado. En este artículo se propone unaextensión para dicho algoritmo que permite identificarlas partes de una trayectoria durante las cualesel objeto mantuvo una velocidad promedio entre observacionespor debajo de un límite dado. Esto posibilitala identificación, por ejemplo, de violacionesa un límite de velocidad que no son advertidas porel algoritmo original. Para el estudio se usó el sistemade gestión de bases de datos PostgreSQL y losalgoritmos se implementaron en su lenguaje de programación,llamado PL/pgSQL. Además, se hicieronexperimentos con 100 trayectorias de vehículos conel propósito de mostrar la utilidad y la viabilidad de lapropuesta.

Uniform Corrosion and General Dissolution of Aluminum Alloys 2024-T3, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6

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Huang, I.-Wen

Uniform corrosion and general dissolution of aluminum alloys was not as well-studied in the past, although it was known for causing significant amount of weight loss. This work comprises four chapters to understand uniform corrosion of aluminum alloys 2024-T3, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6. A preliminary weight loss experiment was performed for distinguishing corrosion induced weight loss attributed to uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion. The result suggested that uniform corrosion generated a greater mass loss than pitting corrosion. First, to understand uniform corrosion mechanism and kinetics in different environments, a series of static immersion tests in NaCl solutions were performed to provide quantitative measurement of uniform corrosion. Thereafter, uniform corrosion development as a function of temperature, pH, Cl-, and time was investigated to understand the influence of environmental factors. Faster uniform corrosion rate has been found at lower temperature (20 and 40°C) than at higher temperature (60 and 80°C) due to accelerated corrosion product formation at high temperatures inhibiting corrosion reactions. Electrochemical tests including along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to study the temperature effect. Second, in order to further understand the uniform corrosion influence on pit growth kinetics, a long term exposures for 180 days in both immersion and ASTM-B117 test were performed. Uniform corrosion induced surface recession was found to have limited impact on pit geometry regardless of exposure methods. It was also found that the competition for limited cathodic current from uniform corrosion the primary rate limiting factor for pit growth. Very large pits were found after uniform corrosion growth reached a plateau due to corrosion product coverage. Also, optical microscopy and focused ion beam (FIB) imaging has provided more insights of distinctive pitting geometry and subsurface damages found from immersion samples and B117

Antigen-primed helper T cell function in CBA/N mice is radiosensitive

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phillips, N.E.; Campbell, P.A.

1981-01-01

CBA/N mice have an X-linked immunodeficiency that includes a deficient humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In order to study the cellular mechanisms of this deficiency we have examined helper T cell function to SRBC in an adoptive transfer system by using 2 different sources of helper T cells. When thymocytes were used as the source of helper T cell precursors in an adoptive transfer system, CBA/N thymocytes were as effective as CBA/Ca thymocytes in inducing CBA/Ca bone marrow cells to develop into both direct and indirect anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC). However, when SRBC-primed, irradiated recipient mice were used as the source of helper T cells, primed and irradiated CBA/N recipiets developed significantly fewer direct and indirect anti-SRBC PFC than similarly treated CBA/CA recipients when reconstituted with CBA/Ca bone marrow cells and challenged with SRBC. We conclude that antigen-primed helper T cell function in CBA/N mice is radiosensitive. Possible reasons for this are evaluated and discussed

Survey of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish and fish products.

Science.gov (United States)

Strobel, Claudia; Jahreis, Gerhard; Kuhnt, Katrin

2012-10-30

The imbalance of the n-3/n-6 ratio in the Western diet is characterised by a low intake of n-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA and a concurrent high intake of n-6 PUFA. Fish, in particular marine fish, is a unique source of n-3 LC PUFA. However, FA composition of consumed fish changed, due to the increasing usage of n-6 PUFA-rich vegetable oils in aquaculture feed and in fish processing (frying) which both lead to a further shift in n-6 PUFA to the detriment of n-3 LC PUFA.The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of n-3/n-6 including the contents of EPA and DHA in fish fillets and fish products from the German market (n=123). Furthermore, the study focussed on the FA content in farmed salmon compared to wild salmon as well as in processed Alaska pollock fillet, e.g., fish fingers. Total fat and FA content in fish products varied considerably depending on fish species, feed management, and food processing. Mackerel, herring and trout fillets characteristically contained adequate dietary amounts of absolute EPA and DHA, due to their high fat contents. However, despite a lower fat content, tuna, pollock, and Alaska pollock can contribute considerable amounts of EPA and DHA to the human supply.Farmed salmon are an appropriate source of EPA and DHA owing to their higher fat content compared to wild salmon (12.3 vs. 2.1 wt %), however with elevated SFA, n-9 and n-6 FA contents representing the use of vegetable oils and oilseeds in aquaculture feed. The n-3/n-6 ratio was deteriorated (2.9 vs. 12.4) but still acceptable. Compared to pure fish fillets, breaded and pre-fried Alaska pollock fillet contained extraordinarily high fat and n-6 PUFA levels. Since fish species vary with respect to their n-3 LC PUFA contents, eating a variety of fish is advisable. High n-6 PUFA containing pre-fried fish support the imbalance of n-3/n-6 ratio in the Western diet. Thus, consumption of pure fish fillets is to be favoured. The lower n-3 PUFA portion in farmed fish can be offset by the

Survey of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish and fish products

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Strobel Claudia

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The imbalance of the n-3/n-6 ratio in the Western diet is characterised by a low intake of n-3 long-chain (LC PUFA and a concurrent high intake of n-6 PUFA. Fish, in particular marine fish, is a unique source of n-3 LC PUFA. However, FA composition of consumed fish changed, due to the increasing usage of n-6 PUFA-rich vegetable oils in aquaculture feed and in fish processing (frying which both lead to a further shift in n-6 PUFA to the detriment of n-3 LC PUFA. The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of n-3/n-6 including the contents of EPA and DHA in fish fillets and fish products from the German market (n=123. Furthermore, the study focussed on the FA content in farmed salmon compared to wild salmon as well as in processed Alaska pollock fillet, e.g., fish fingers. Results Total fat and FA content in fish products varied considerably depending on fish species, feed management, and food processing. Mackerel, herring and trout fillets characteristically contained adequate dietary amounts of absolute EPA and DHA, due to their high fat contents. However, despite a lower fat content, tuna, pollock, and Alaska pollock can contribute considerable amounts of EPA and DHA to the human supply. Farmed salmon are an appropriate source of EPA and DHA owing to their higher fat content compared to wild salmon (12.3 vs. 2.1 wt %, however with elevated SFA, n-9 and n-6 FA contents representing the use of vegetable oils and oilseeds in aquaculture feed. The n-3/n-6 ratio was deteriorated (2.9 vs. 12.4 but still acceptable. Compared to pure fish fillets, breaded and pre-fried Alaska pollock fillet contained extraordinarily high fat and n-6 PUFA levels. Conclusions Since fish species vary with respect to their n-3 LC PUFA contents, eating a variety of fish is advisable. High n-6 PUFA containing pre-fried fish support the imbalance of n-3/n-6 ratio in the Western diet. Thus, consumption of pure fish fillets is to be favoured. The lower

Evaluación técnica informática de la modalidad de capacitación virtual del SECAP Administración Central

OpenAIRE

Esparza Bernal, Carlos Fredy; Venegas Loor, Leopoldo Vinicio

2015-01-01

La presente investigación para la obtención del título de Magíster en Evaluación y Auditoría de Sistemas Tecnológicos, se basa en el desarrollo de la evaluación técnica informática de la modalidad de capacitación virtual del SECAP - Administración Central, para lo cual se utiliza el Marco de Referencia Internacional COBIT 5 (Objetivos de control para información y tecnologías relacionadas), bajo el dominio construir, adquirir e implementar, específicamente enfocándose en los procesos relacion...

Hotellid loobuvad suuri kulutusi nõudvatest tärnidest / Andres Reimer

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Reimer, Andres

2009-01-01

Meriton loobub hotellide taset näitavatest tärnidest ega ole oma uutele hotellidele Conference & Spa ja Old Town enam tärne taotlenud, kuid väikesed, luksust hindavale kliendile orienteeritud Tallinna majutuskohad tärnisüsteemist ei loobu

UHT Yöntemiyle İşlenmiş Sterilize Sütün Besin Değeri

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Emel Sezgin

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Sütün bir gıda olarak değeri günümüzde artık çok iyi bilinmektedir. Özellikle ülkemiz gibi hayvansal proteinin az tüketildiği yerlerde, içinde ihtiyacımız olan besin elementlerinin hemen hemen hepsini yeterli ve dengeli bir şekilde bulunduran sütün önemi daha da artmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi sütün besin değeri tamamen sütün bileşimiyle ilgili bulunmakta ve bu da hayvanın, türü, ırkı, yem, laktasyon mevsim ve benzeri faktörlerle geniş ölçüde değişmektedir. Süt esas olarak protein, kalsiyum ve bazı suda eriyen vitaminler yönünden önem taşımaktadır. Örneğin, 0.5 L süt 5 yaşındaki bir çocuğun protein ihtiyacının %40’ını kalsiyum ve riboflavin ihtiyacının %70’ni, tiamin, folik asit, A vitamini ihtiyacının 1/3’ni, B12 vitamini ihtiyacının ise tamamını karşılayabilmektedir.

¿Es diferente el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardiaca del futbolista profesional en competición según la posición táctica del jugador en el campo?

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Óscar García García

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio es el de profundizar en el conocimiento del comportamiento de la FC de los futbolistas profesionales en competición. Para ello se han recogido los valores que conforman el comportamiento de la FC de 6 futbolistas profesionales, con diferentes misiones en el equipo, en el transcurso de partidos de competición. Los resultados derivados del análisis de estos datos parecen indicar que existen diferencias significativas (<0,0001, entre las diferentes posiciones tácticas, tanto en términos de valores como en términos de variabilidad, así como en valores de percentiles, y de incrementos acusados, en los valores que conforman el comportamiento de la FC de los jugadores de la muestra. Estos resultados podrían apuntar hacia que el comportamiento de la FC parece algo directamente vinculado a la posición táctica ocupada y/o al perfil físico y fisiológico de cada futbolista.

Super Polishing of Aluminum 6061-T6 Mirrors, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — An innovative 2D super-polishing process for Aluminum 6061-T6 planar mirrors which removes diamond point turning (DPT) grooves and attains rms surface finishes below...

The glycomic effect of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III overexpression in metastatic melanoma cells. GnT-III modifies highly branched N-glycans.

Science.gov (United States)

Link-Lenczowski, Paweł; Bubka, Monika; Balog, Crina I A; Koeleman, Carolien A M; Butters, Terry D; Wuhrer, Manfred; Lityńska, Anna

2018-04-01

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) is known to catalyze N-glycan "bisection" and thereby modulate the formation of highly branched complex structures within the Golgi apparatus. While active, it inhibits the action of other GlcNAc transferases such as GnT-IV and GnT-V. Moreover, GnT-III is considered as an inhibitor of the metastatic potential of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of GnT-III may be more diverse and depend on the cellular context. We describe the detailed glycomic analysis of the effect of GnT-III overexpression in WM266-4-GnT-III metastatic melanoma cells. We used MALDI-TOF and ESI-ion-trap-MS/MS together with HILIC-HPLC of 2-AA labeled N-glycans to study the N-glycome of membrane-attached and secreted proteins. We found that the overexpression of GnT-III in melanoma leads to the modification of a broad range of N-glycan types by the introduction of the "bisecting" GlcNAc residue with highly branched complex structures among them. The presence of these unusual complex N-glycans resulted in stronger interactions of cellular glycoproteins with the PHA-L. Based on the data presented here we conclude that elevated activity of GnT-III in cancer cells does not necessarily lead to a total abrogation of the formation of highly branched glycans. In addition, the modification of pre-existing N-glycans by the introduction of "bisecting" GlcNAc can modulate their capacity to interact with carbohydrate-binding proteins such as plant lectins. Our results suggest further studies on the biological function of "bisected" oligosaccharides in cancer cell biology and their interactions with carbohydrate-binding proteins.

Conditional cancer-specific mortality in T4, N1, or M1 prostate cancer: implications for long-term prognosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muralidhar, Vinayak; Mahal, Brandon A.; Nguyen, Paul L.

2015-01-01

The risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) following a diagnosis of prostate cancer may improve after patients have survived a number of years after diagnosis. We sought to determine long-term conditional PCSM for patients with stage T4, N1, or M1 prostate cancer. We identified 66,817 patients diagnosed with stage IV (T4N0M0, N1M0, or M1) prostate cancer between 1973 and 2011 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Conditional five-year PCSM was evaluated for each group of patients at 5, 10, and 15 years of survival according to the Fine & Gray model for competing risks after adjusting for tumor grade, age, income level, and marital status. Race-stratified analyses were also performed. There were 13,345 patients with T4 disease, 12,450 patients with N1 disease, and 41,022 patients with M1 disease. Median follow-up among survivors in the three groups was 123 months (range: 0–382 months), 61 months (range: 0–410 months), and 30 months (range: 0–370 months), respectively. Conditional PCSM improved in all three groups over time. Among patients with T4 disease, 5-year PCSM improved from 13.9 % at diagnosis to 11.2, 8.1, and 6.5 % conditioned on 5, 10, or 15 years of survival, respectively (p < 0.001 in all cases). In patients with N1 disease, 5-year PCSM increased within the first five years and decreased thereafter, from 18.9 % at diagnosis to 21.4 % (p < 0.001), 17.6 % (p = 0.055), and 13.8 % (p < 0.001), respectively. In patients with metastatic disease, 5-year PCSM improved from 57.2 % at diagnosis to 41.1, 28.8, and 20.8 %, respectively (p < 0.001). White race was associated with a greater increase in conditional survival compared to non-white race among those with T4 or N1 disease. While patients with T4, N1, or M1 prostate cancer are never “cured,” their odds of cancer-specific survival increase substantially after they have survived for 5 or more years. Physicians who take care of patients with prostate cancer

Compressed liquid densities for the (n-heptane + n-decane) and (n-octane + n-decane) systems from T = (313 to 363) K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quevedo-Nolasco, Rodolfo [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, SEPI-ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Ed. Z, Secc. 6, 1ER piso, Lindavista, C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Galicia-Luna, Luis A., E-mail: lgalicial@ipn.mx [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, SEPI-ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Ed. Z, Secc. 6, 1ER piso, Lindavista, C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Elizalde-Solis, Octavio [Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Petrolera, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Edif. 8, 2o piso, Lindavista, C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2012-01-15

Highlights: > We built an equipment which consists of a variable volume cell and a VTD Anton Paar DMA-HPM. > Compressed liquid densities are reported for n-heptane and n-decane. > Binary (n-heptane or n-octane + n-decane) systems were studied in the whole range of composition. > Derived properties were calculated from experimental data. - Abstract: Densities (p, {rho}, T, x{sub 1}) of two binary n-alkane systems are reported from T = (313 to 363) K in the compressed liquid phase up to 25 MPa over the whole range of composition. The binary mixtures {l_brace}x{sub 1}n-heptane + (1 - x{sub 1})n-decane{r_brace} and {l_brace}x{sub 1}n-octane + (1 - x{sub 1})n-decane{r_brace} were prepared at compositions of (x{sub 1} = 0.0531, 0.2594, 0.5219, 0.777, 0.952), and (x{sub 1} = 0.0616, 0.2801, 0.5314, 0.7736, 0.9623), respectively. A measuring system based on a vibrating tube densimeter, DMA HPM from Anton Paar with data acquisition system was developed in order to obtain experimental densities. Water and nitrogen were used as reference fluids to calibrate the densimeter. Experimental methodology was checked by comparing the n-heptane and n-decane densities against multi-parameter equations proposed in the literature. Differences between both sets of data show a maximum deviation of 0.07%. Excess molar volumes, isothermal compressibility and isobaric thermal expansivity were computed from experimental densities.

Compressed liquid densities for the (n-heptane + n-decane) and (n-octane + n-decane) systems from T = (313 to 363) K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quevedo-Nolasco, Rodolfo; Galicia-Luna, Luis A.; Elizalde-Solis, Octavio

2012-01-01

Highlights: → We built an equipment which consists of a variable volume cell and a VTD Anton Paar DMA-HPM. → Compressed liquid densities are reported for n-heptane and n-decane. → Binary (n-heptane or n-octane + n-decane) systems were studied in the whole range of composition. → Derived properties were calculated from experimental data. - Abstract: Densities (p, ρ, T, x 1 ) of two binary n-alkane systems are reported from T = (313 to 363) K in the compressed liquid phase up to 25 MPa over the whole range of composition. The binary mixtures {x 1 n-heptane + (1 - x 1 )n-decane} and {x 1 n-octane + (1 - x 1 )n-decane} were prepared at compositions of (x 1 = 0.0531, 0.2594, 0.5219, 0.777, 0.952), and (x 1 = 0.0616, 0.2801, 0.5314, 0.7736, 0.9623), respectively. A measuring system based on a vibrating tube densimeter, DMA HPM from Anton Paar with data acquisition system was developed in order to obtain experimental densities. Water and nitrogen were used as reference fluids to calibrate the densimeter. Experimental methodology was checked by comparing the n-heptane and n-decane densities against multi-parameter equations proposed in the literature. Differences between both sets of data show a maximum deviation of 0.07%. Excess molar volumes, isothermal compressibility and isobaric thermal expansivity were computed from experimental densities.

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase: isoenzymatic pattern in Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris ovis and T. suis.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, B; Cutillas, C; German, P; Guevara, D

1991-12-01

In the present communication we have studied the isoenzymatic pattern activity of the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris ovis and T. suis, parasites of Capra hircus (goat), Ovis aries (sheep) and Sus scrofa domestica (pig) respectively, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Different phenotypes have been observed in the G6PD isoenzymatic pattern activity in males and females of Oesophagostomum venulosum. Furthermore, G6PD activity has been assayed in Trichuris ovis collected from Ovis aries and Capra hircus. No differences have been observed in the isoenzymatic patterns attending to the different hosts. All the individuals exhibited one single band or two bands; this suggests a monomeric condition for G6PD in T. ovis. In T. suis the enzyme G6PD appeared as a single electrophoretic band in about 85.7% of the individuals.

Memory T-cell immune response in healthy young adults vaccinated with live attenuated influenza A (H5N2) vaccine.

Science.gov (United States)

Chirkova, T V; Naykhin, A N; Petukhova, G D; Korenkov, D A; Donina, S A; Mironov, A N; Rudenko, L G

2011-10-01

Cellular immune responses of both CD4 and CD8 memory/effector T cells were evaluated in healthy young adults who received two doses of live attenuated influenza A (H5N2) vaccine. The vaccine was developed by reassortment of nonpathogenic avian A/Duck/Potsdam/1402-6/68 (H5N2) and cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) viruses. T-cell responses were measured by standard methods of intracellular cytokine staining of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells and a novel T-cell recognition of antigen-presenting cells by protein capture (TRAP) assay based on the trogocytosis phenomenon, namely, plasma membrane exchange between interacting immune cells. TRAP enables the detection of activated trogocytosis-positive T cells after virus stimulation. We showed that two doses of live attenuated influenza A (H5N2) vaccine promoted both CD4 and CD8 T-memory-cell responses in peripheral blood of healthy young subjects in the clinical study. Significant differences in geometric mean titers (GMTs) of influenza A (H5N2)-specific IFN-γ(+) cells were observed at day 42 following the second vaccination, while peak levels of trogocytosis(+) T cells were detected earlier, on the 21st day after the second vaccination. The inverse correlation of baseline levels compared to postvaccine fold changes in GMTs of influenza-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells demonstrated that baseline levels of these specific cells could be considered a predictive factor of vaccine immunogenicity.

Resolidificación con láser de barreras térmicas de circona depositadas por proyección térmica plasma (APS

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Diez, J. C.

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Coatings of partially stabilised zirconia are currently used as thermal barrier coatings in gas turbines and diesel engines. Zirconia coatings are usually processed via plasma spraying a well-established and relatively cheap technique. Thermal barrier coatings consist of 0.5 to 1 mm of porous ceramic bonded to the metallic substrate by a bond-coat. High porosity in the ceramic coating assure a good thermal behaviour but increases the chances for corrosion or chemical attack of the bondcoat and coating detach by delamination processes. The as sprayed surface is rough and sensitive to erosion. In the present work we obtained the processing conditions for laser remelting of Y-PSZ coatings deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying technique on Ni- alloys. A simple model accounts for the onset melting energy and its dependence with the processing speed. The remelted film is dense and with smooth surface and well bonded to the underlying porous coat.

Los recubrimientos de circona parcialmente estabilizada con itria se usan habitualmente como barreras térmicas en turbinas y motores. Estos recubrimientos se suelen realizar mediante proyección térmica plasma (APS, una técnica relativamente económica y bien conocida en el sector industrial. Las barreras consisten de una capa de 0.5 a 1 mm de cerámica muy porosa unida a la aleación metálica mediante una capa de enlace. La elevada porosidad permite incrementar la resistencia al choque térmico pero provoca que el oxigeno u otros gases perniciosos para el substrato lleguen con relativa facilidad, produciéndose ataques que pueden acelerar el proceso de delaminación. Asimismo la superficie es rugosa y por tanto expuesta a la erosión por partículas. En este trabajo se presentan las condiciones óptimas que permiten la resolidificación mediante láser de la superficie de las capas de Y-PSZ (circona parcialmente estabilizada con itria depositadas por proyección térmica de plasma en aleaciones

The influences of age on T lymphocyte subsets in C57BL/6 mice

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Jing Xie

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to evaluate the age related changes of T lymphocyte subsets in C57BL/6 mice and immune function. Multi-color immunofluorescence techniques that were used to analyse relative numbers of T lymphocyte subsets include CD4+, CD8+, naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+, CD8+CD28+ T cells in peripheral blood of C57BL/6 mice from different age groups (Group I: 2 months old; Group II: 7 months old; Group III: 21 months old; Splenocytes isolated from different group mice were stimulated with Con A to evaluate the proliferative ability. Compared with group I, group II had a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4+, naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells, while group III had a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4+, naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increase in the percentage of CD8+, memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. Compared with group II, group III had a significant reduction in the percentage of naive CD8+ T cells and increase in the percentage of memory CD4+ and CD8+, CD8+CD28+ T cells in peripheral blood. The T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro showed that groups II and III had a lower proliferative capacity than group I, between groups II and III, there was not a significant difference. We provide relative values for the T lymphocyte subsets in the different age groups of C57BL/6 mice. The immune system began aging at 7 months old in C57BL/6 mice under a specific pathogen free environment.

Optimización de la producción de biotensioactivos por Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1

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Guinea, J.

1991-02-01

Full Text Available This work describes the experimental results carried out on the optimization of the fermentation media of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1 which produces surface active products when grown on glucose as carbon source. Several parameters of the media have been found to be critical for the production of biosurfactants by this strain. The C/N ratio, the iron concentration and the incubation temperature cause a high increase of the CMC-1 values as a measure of surfactant production.En este trabajo se describen los resultados experimentales destinados a la optimización de la producción de biotensioactivos por Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1 en un medio mineral con glucosa como fuente de carbono. Se han ensayado diversos componentes del medio de cultivo y condiciones de incubación, siendo la relación C/N, la concentración de hierro así como la temperatura de incubación, los parámetros fundamentales que han incrementado los valores de CMC-1 como medida de la acumulación de tensioactivos.

Enhanced Human-Type Receptor Binding by Ferret-Transmissible H5N1 with a K193T Mutation.

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Wenjie; Bouwman, Kim M; McBride, Ryan; Grant, Oliver C; Woods, Robert J; Verheije, Monique H; Paulson, James C; de Vries, Robert P

2018-05-15

All human influenza pandemics have originated from avian influenza viruses. Although multiple changes are needed for an avian virus to be able to transmit between humans, binding to human-type receptors is essential. Several research groups have reported mutations in H5N1 viruses that exhibit specificity for human-type receptors and promote respiratory droplet transmission between ferrets. Upon detailed analysis, we have found that these mutants exhibit significant differences in fine receptor specificity compared to human H1N1 and H3N2 and retain avian-type receptor binding. We have recently shown that human influenza viruses preferentially bind to α2-6-sialylated branched N-linked glycans, where the sialic acids on each branch can bind to receptor sites on two protomers of the same hemagglutinin (HA) trimer. In this binding mode, the glycan projects over the 190 helix at the top of the receptor-binding pocket, which in H5N1 would create a stearic clash with lysine at position 193. Thus, we hypothesized that a K193T mutation would improve binding to branched N-linked receptors. Indeed, the addition of the K193T mutation to the H5 HA of a respiratory-droplet-transmissible virus dramatically improves both binding to human trachea epithelial cells and specificity for extended α2-6-sialylated N-linked glycans recognized by human influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Infections by avian H5N1 viruses are associated with a high mortality rate in several species, including humans. Fortunately, H5N1 viruses do not transmit between humans because they do not bind to human-type receptors. In 2012, three seminal papers have shown how these viruses can be engineered to transmit between ferrets, the human model for influenza virus infection. Receptor binding, among others, was changed, and the viruses now bind to human-type receptors. Receptor specificity was still markedly different compared to that of human influenza viruses. Here we report an additional mutation in ferret

IL-6 inhibits upregulation of membrane-bound TGF-beta 1 on CD4+ T cells and blocking IL-6 enhances oral tolerance

Science.gov (United States)

Kuhn, Chantal; Rezende, Rafael Machado; M'Hamdi, Hanane; da Cunha, Andre Pires; Weiner, Howard L.

2016-01-01

Oral administration of antigen induces regulatory T cells that express latent membrane-bound TGF-beta (LAP) and that have been shown to play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance. We developed an in vitro model to study modulation of LAP+ on CD4+ T cells. The combination of anti-CD3 mAb, anti-CD28 mAb and recombinant IL-2 induced expression of LAP on naïve CD4+ T cells, independent of FoxP3 or exogenous TGF-β. In vitro generated CD4+LAP+FoxP3− T cells were suppressive in vitro, inhibiting proliferation of naïve CD4+ T cells and IL-17A secretion by Th17 cells. Assessing the impact of different cytokines and neutralizing antibodies against cytokines we found that LAP induction was decreased in the presence of IL-6 and IL-21, and to a lesser extent by IL-4 and TNFα. IL-6 abrogated the in vitro induction of CD4+LAP+ T cells by STAT3 dependent inhibition of Lrrc32 (GARP), the adapter protein that tethers TGF-beta to the membrane. Oral tolerance induction was enhanced in mice lacking expression of IL-6R by CD4+ T cells and by treatment of wild-type mice with neutralizing anti-IL-6 mAb. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines interfere with oral tolerance induction and that blocking the IL-6 pathway is a potential strategy for enhancing oral tolerance in the setting of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. PMID:28039301

Nuestra técnica de colgajo miocutáneo de pectoral mayor para reconstrucción de defectos cervicales

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Roser García-Avellana

Full Text Available Resumen Introducción y Objetivos Las técnicas actuales para reconstrucción de cabeza y cuello se basan principalmente en colgajos libres, fasciocutáneos o viscerales según el defecto. La evolución de la microcirugía ha relegado a un segundo plano a los colgajos pediculados. El colgajo miocutáneo pediculado de pectoral mayor ha sido uno de los más empleados hasta que se ha extendido el uso de los colgajos libres. Las desventajas que presenta, tales como su volumen o sus secuelas funcionales y estéticas, son responsables de su desuso actual. Presentamos una modificación de la técnica clásica del pectoral mayor para minimizar sus desventajas. Material y Método Hacemos una descripción técnica de la modificación desarrollada por Márquez-Cañada del colgajo de pectoral mayor para reconstrucción de defectos cervicales y un estudio descriptivo sobre un grupo de pacientes sometidos a la misma. Resultados Recogimos 6 casos, 5 varones y 1 mujer (edad media de 52.5 años, en los que se empleó la técnica descrita. El defecto más frecuente (66.7% fue el faringostoma secundario a laringuectomía total y vaciamiento cervical por carcinoma epidermoide de laringe. Tiempo medio entre intervenciones quirúrgicas de 5 semanas. En 2 casos hubo como complicación serohematoma en zona donante tras el primer tiempo quirúrgico, No hubo pérdida de injertos ni necrosis, fístulas o estenosis secundarias. Resultado estético aceptable; los pacientes conservaron movilidad completa del brazo. Conclusiones Observamos una reducción en el número de complicaciones respecto del uso del pectoral mayor clásico y los colgajos libres Creemos que la modificación técnica que presentamos, por su reproducibilidad y su baja tasa de complicaciones, podría emplearse en reconstrucción de cuello como colgajo de elección en pacientes de alto riesgo, no candidatos a técnicas microquirúrgicas.

N = 6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories, M2-branes and their gravity duals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aharony, Ofer; Bergman, Oren; Maldacena, Juan; Jafferis, Daniel Louis

2008-01-01

We construct three dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theories with gauge groups U(N) x U(N) and SU(N) x SU(N) which have explicit N = 6 superconformal symmetry. Using brane constructions we argue that the U(N) x U(N) theory at level k describes the low energy limit of N M2-branes probing a C 4 /Z k singularity. At large N the theory is then dual to M-theory on AdS 4 x S 7 /Z k . The theory also has a 't Hooft limit (of large N with a fixed ratio N/k) which is dual to type IIA string theory on AdS 4 x CP 3 . For k = 1 the theory is conjectured to describe N M2-branes in flat space, although our construction realizes explicitly only six of the eight supersymmetries. We give some evidence for this conjecture, which is similar to the evidence for mirror symmetry in d = 3 gauge theories. When the gauge group is SU(2) x SU(2) our theory has extra symmetries and becomes identical to the Bagger-Lambert theory.

The tertiary origin of the allosteric activation of E. coli glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase studied by sol-gel nanoencapsulation of its T conformer.

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Sergio Zonszein

Full Text Available The role of tertiary conformational changes associated to ligand binding was explored using the allosteric enzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P deaminase from Escherichia coli (EcGNPDA as an experimental model. This is an enzyme of amino sugar catabolism that deaminates GlcN6P, giving fructose 6-phosphate and ammonia, and is allosterically activated by N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P. We resorted to the nanoencapsulation of this enzyme in wet silica sol-gels for studying the role of intrasubunit local mobility in its allosteric activation under the suppression of quaternary transition. The gel-trapped enzyme lost its characteristic homotropic cooperativity while keeping its catalytic properties and the allosteric activation by GlcNAc6P. The nanoencapsulation keeps the enzyme in the T quaternary conformation, making possible the study of its allosteric activation under a condition that is not possible to attain in a soluble phase. The involved local transition was slowed down by nanoencapsulation, thus easing the fluorometric analysis of its relaxation kinetics, which revealed an induced-fit mechanism. The absence of cooperativity produced allosterically activated transitory states displaying velocity against substrate concentration curves with apparent negative cooperativity, due to the simultaneous presence of subunits with different substrate affinities. Reaction kinetics experiments performed at different tertiary conformational relaxation times also reveal the sequential nature of the allosteric activation. We assumed as a minimal model the existence of two tertiary states, t and r, of low and high affinity, respectively, for the substrate and the activator. By fitting the velocity-substrate curves as a linear combination of two hyperbolic functions with Kt and Kr as KM values, we obtained comparable values to those reported for the quaternary conformers in solution fitted to MWC model. These results are discussed in the

Low-energy approximation of K-N-T formula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markovic, S.; Simovic, R.; Markovic, S.)

2007-01-01

A simplified version of the K-N-T formula is derived in this paper by using some well justified approximations in low (diagnostic) range of photon energies. This formula is suitable mostly for analytical purposes and practical calculations [sr

Laser surgery combined with radiotherapy for T1/T2 hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakamoto, Kikuo; Nakashima, Tadashi

2006-01-01

We analyzed the results and clinical features of 41 patients with T1 or T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx who received the treatment of laser surgery combined with radiotherapy at the Kurume University Hospital between 1989 and 2003. The patients consisted of 38 males and 3 females (mean age: 64 years); T classification was 8 T1 cases and 33 T2 cases. N classification of the patients was 20 N0 cases, 9 N1 cases, 10 N2 cases, and 2 N3 cases. Three were stage I, 17 were stage II, 9 were stage III, and 12 were stage IV. Sub-sites of the tumor were 33 of piriform sinus type, 6 of post-cricoid type and 2 of poterior wall type. The primary disease was treated by laser debulking surgery combined with radiotherapy. Local recurrence was recognized in 4 cases and laryngectomy was performed in 3 cases. As a result, 38 (92.6%) cases were treated by preserving the larynx. All patients could eat a meal from the day following the operation. Tracheostomy was performed in six cases, but the tracheal stoma could be closed in five. The disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 87.7%. The 5-year local control rate was 90.2%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.2%. Four patients died of the primary disease (lymph node death: 3, distant metastasis death: 1). This retrospective review indicates that laser debulking surgery combined with radiotherapy is a successful treatment for T1/T2 hypopharyngeal carcinoma. (author)

Integración de las técnicas de mercadeo y la relación estratégica comunitaria

OpenAIRE

Quiroga Naranjo, Diego Fernando

2015-01-01

Con el siguiente proyecto se pretende explicar cómo se realiza la integración de las técnicas de mercadeo y la relación estratégica comunitaria, debido a que las organizaciones utilizan conceptos comunitarios. Se analizan las principales estrategias de mercadeo como marketing mix, geomarketing, mercadeo de servicios, mercadeo relacional y mercadeo social. Se explican las técnicas de mercadeo como mercadeo directo, diferenciación de productos, segmentación de mercado, investigación de mercados...

Crystal structures of N2,N3,N5,N6-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethylpyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxamide and N2,N3,N5,N6-tetrakis(pyridin-4-ylmethylpyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxamide

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Dilovan S. Cati

2017-02-01

Full Text Available The title compounds, C32H28N10O4· unknown solvent, (I, and C32H28N10O4, (II, are pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxamide derivatives. In (I, the substituents are (pyridin-2-ylmethylcarboxamide, while in (II, the substituents are (pyridin-4-ylmethylcarboxamide. Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with Z′ = 1 for (I, and Z′ = 0.5 for (II. The whole molecule of (II is generated by inversion symmetry, the pyrazine ring being situated about a center of inversion. In (I, the four pyridine rings are inclined to the pyrazine ring by 83.9 (2, 82.16 (18, 82.73 (19 and 17.65 (19°. This last dihedral angle involves a pyridine ring that is linked to the adjacent carboxamide O atom by an intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond. In compound (II, the unique pyridine rings are inclined to the pyrazine ring by 33.3 (3 and 81.71 (10°. There are two symmetrical intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds present in (II. In the crystal of (I, molecules are linked by N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (10-1. The layers are linked by C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. In the crystal of (II, molecules are linked by N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the [010] direction. The chains are linked by a weaker N—H...N hydrogen bond, forming layers parallel to the (101 plane, which are in turn linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure. In the crystal of compound (I, a region of disordered electron density was treated with the SQUEEZE routine in PLATON [Spek (2015. Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18]. Their contribution was not taken into account during refinement. In compound (II, one of the pyridine rings is positionally disordered, and the refined occupancy ratio for the disordered Car—Car—Npy atoms is 0.58 (3:0.42 (3.

Excitonic Wigner crystal and high T sub c ferromagnetism in RB sub 6

CERN Document Server

Kasuya, T

2000-01-01

The mechanisms for the high T sub c ferromagnetism in La-doped divalent hexaborides DB sub 6 are studied in detail comparing with similar family materials, in particular with YbB sub 6 , EuB sub 6 and Ce monopnictides. It is shown that in DB sub 6 the light-electron-heavy-hole paired excitonic states form the Wigner crystal, or Wigner glass in actual materials, in which the conventional intersite electron exchange interactions similar to that in Ni dominate the pair singlet formation due to the intra pair mixing causing a ferromagnetic spin glass-like ordering of electron spins. In the La-doped system La sub x D sub 1 sub - sub x B sub 6 , the population of molecular La impurity states with giant moments increases as x approaches the optimal value x sub 0 approx 0.005 for high T sub c providing vacant states for the roton-like fluctuations, which cause the high T sub c at the boundary of the delocalization of electron carriers. Therefore, the critical La concentration for delocalization coincides with the opt...

La técnica de elección de W. Morgenthaler

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Fernando Jímenez Gómez

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio pretende analizar el comportamiento de los adolescentes y de los adultos a través de la técnica de elección de W. Morgenthaler y obtener así algunos apuntes diferenciativos acerca de su personalidad. Para la realización de este trabajo hemos seleccionado una muestra de 526 adolescentes de ambos sexos y con una edad media de 15 años y 6 meses, y otra de 300 adultos, cuya edad media es de 37 años y 2 meses. A todos ellos después de pasarles las Láminas del Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach y las Láminas Proyectivas se les aplicó la Prueba de elección de Walter Morgenthaler. De los diferentes resultados y conclusiones que hemos obtenido deseamos subrayar que, aunque existen láminas que significativamente se encuentran aceptadas o rechazadas por los mismos grupos de sujetos, sin embargo también existen otras cuya aceptación o rechazo vienen dadas por las características personológicas de la particular idiosincrasia de los grupos muestrados.   The paper attempts to analyse the answers of adolescents and adults through the Morgenthaler technique in order to obtain some differenciative data regarding their characteristics of personality. Two samples were selected: 526 adolescents and adults, of both sexes. The average age of the adolescents was 15 years 6 months, and the mean age of the adult group was 37 years 2 months. The Morgenthaler tecnique was used after all the subjects were administered the Rorschach Test and "Láminas Proyectivas". Results show that although there are cards which are accepted or rejected by the same groups of subjects, there are, however, some other cards whose acceptance or rejection is due to the different characteristics of personality of the groups selected.

Material compuesto electroconductor con coeficiente de expansión térmica controlado

OpenAIRE

Borrell, Amparo; García Moreno, Olga; Fernández, Adolfo; Torrecillas, Ramón

2009-01-01

Material compuesto electroconductor con coeficiente de expansión térmica controlado. La presente invención se refiere a un material compuesto que comprende un componente cerámico, caracterizado por tener un coeficiente de expansión térmico negativo, y nanofilamentos de carbono, a su procedimiento de obtención y a sus usos como electroconductor en microelectrónica, óptica de precisión, aeronáutica y aeroespacial.

ESTADO DEL ARTE DE IPTV Y CONSIDERACIONES TÉCNICAS PARA SU MIGRACIÓN A IPV6 EN COLOMBIA

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Danilo Alfonso López Sarmiento

2011-08-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivos centrales hacer una revisión del estado del arte de IPTV (Televisión a través de IP y una propuesta para la implementación de esta tecnología en Colombia sobre una red IPv6. La convergencia de las teleco-municaciones ha dado origen a aplicaciones IP que permiten acceso a contenidos audiovisuales digitalizados a través de re-des que hacen uso de dicho protocolo. Se abordanestudios ac-tuales que tratan características fundamentales de televisión sobre la red de datos,  como el funcionamiento, la arquitectura, los estándares en los que se basa, propuestas para evaluar las políticas de calidad de servicio y por ultimo consideraciones técnicas para su implementación en una red IPv6.

26 CFR 1.103(n)-4T - Elective carryforward of unused private activity bond limit (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... bond limit (temporary). 1.103(n)-4T Section 1.103(n)-4T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Excluded from Gross Income § 1.103(n)-4T Elective carryforward of unused private activity bond limit... carryforward for any one or more projects described in A-5 of this § 1.103(n)-4T (carryforward projects). Q-2...

Energies, fine structures, and transitions of the core-excited sextet states "6S"e","o(n) and "6P"e","o(n) (n=1–5) of B-like ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, Yan; Liu, Dong Dong; Mei, Mao Fei; Zhang, Chun Mei; Han, Chong; Hu, Feng; Gou, Bing Cong

2015-01-01

A comprehensive theoretical study of atomic characteristics of energy levels and transitions for the core-excited "6S"e","o(n) and "6P"e","o(n) (n=1–5) states of the boron isoelectronic sequence (Z=6–14) are investigated by the Rayleigh–Ritz variation method and multi-configuration interaction wavefunctions. The relativistic corrections and mass polarization effects are included by first-order perturbation theory. The configuration structures of the high-lying sextet series "6S"e","o(n) and "6P"e","o(n) (n=1–5) of the B-like ions are assigned. The transition rates and wavelengths for the electric dipole transitions "6S"e","o(n)—"6P"o","e(n) (n=1–5) of the B-like ions are calculated and compared with currently available theoretical and experimental data. Furthermore, the radiative transition rates and wavelengths for the important dipole transitions are discussed with the increase of nuclear charge number Z. The calculations will provide useful data for identification of spectral lines arising from the solar atmosphere and the experimental study in future work. - Highlights: • Energy and transition data of core-excited sextet states of B-like ions are studied. • Relativistic corrections, mass polarization effects are included in the calculation. • Radiative rates and transition wavelengths are discussed with the increase of Z. • Variation trend of transition rates and wavelengths are present with the n increase. • Some energy levels and transition data are reported for the first time.

IL-6 Inhibits Upregulation of Membrane-Bound TGF-β 1 on CD4+ T Cells and Blocking IL-6 Enhances Oral Tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuhn, Chantal; Rezende, Rafael Machado; M'Hamdi, Hanane; da Cunha, Andre Pires; Weiner, Howard L

2017-02-01

Oral administration of Ag induces regulatory T cells that express latent membrane-bound TGF-β (latency-associated peptide [LAP]) and have been shown to play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance. We developed an in vitro model to study modulation of LAP + on CD4 + T cells. The combination of anti-CD3 mAb, anti-CD28 mAb, and recombinant IL-2 induced expression of LAP on naive CD4 + T cells, independent of Foxp3 or exogenous TGF-β. In vitro generated CD4 + LAP + Foxp3 - T cells were suppressive in vitro, inhibiting proliferation of naive CD4 + T cells and IL-17A secretion by Th17 cells. Assessing the impact of different cytokines and neutralizing Abs against cytokines, we found that LAP induction was decreased in the presence of IL-6 and IL-21, and to a lesser extent by IL-4 and TNF-α. IL-6 abrogated the in vitro induction of CD4 + LAP + T cells by STAT3-dependent inhibition of Lrrc32 (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant [GARP]), the adapter protein that tethers TGF-β to the membrane. Oral tolerance induction was enhanced in mice lacking expression of IL-6R by CD4 + T cells and by treatment of wild-type mice with neutralizing anti-IL-6 mAb. These results suggest that proinflammatory cytokines interfere with oral tolerance induction and that blocking the IL-6 pathway is a potential strategy for enhancing oral tolerance in the setting of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Copyright © 2017 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

Description and assessment of structural and temperature models in the FRAP-T6 code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siefken, L.J.

1983-01-01

The FRAP-T6 code was developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) for the purpose of calculating the transient performance of light water reactor fuel rods during reactor transients ranging from mild operational transients to severe hypothetical loss-of-coolant accidents. An important application of the FRAP-T6 code is to calculate the structural performance of fuel rod cladding. The capabilities of the FRAP-T6 code are assessed by comparisons of code calculations with the measurements of several hundred in-pile experiments on fuel rods. The results of the assessments show that the code accurately and efficiently models the structural and thermal response of fuel rods

Utilización correcta de las técnicas de detección de cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas

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Lizbeth López-Carrillo

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Identificar las características asociadas con la prevalencia de utilización correcta de la autoexploración manual (AE, el examen clínico (EC y la mamografía (MA para la detección de cáncer mamario (CaMa. Material y métodos. Se entrevistó a 1 030 mujeres mexicanas, sanas, de entre 20 y 88 años sobre su historia reproductiva y sociodemográfica. Con base en la forma y frecuencia de realización de estas técnicas de detección, se construyó un índice de utilización correcta. Resultados. La prevalencia de utilización correcta de la AE fue de 11% y del EC de 5.4%. El 7.6% de las mujeres entre 40 y 49 años y 31.6% de las mujeres con 50 años o más se realizaron una MA de acuerdo con la norma vigente al momento del estudio. El aseguramiento por parte del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado o del Seguro Popular fue el principal determinante de la utilización de la MA. Conclusiones. Se evidencia la necesidad de incrementar la correcta utilización de la AE, el EC y la MA.

n3 PUFAs reduce mouse CD4+ T-cell ex vivo polarization into Th17 cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Monk, Jennifer M; Hou, Tim Y; Turk, Harmony F; McMurray, David N; Chapkin, Robert S

2013-09-01

Little is known about the impact of n3 (ω3) PUFAs on polarization of CD4(+) T cells into effector subsets other than Th1 and Th2. We assessed the effects of dietary fat [corn oil (CO) vs. fish oil (FO)] and fermentable fiber [cellulose (C) vs. pectin (P)] (2 × 2 design) in male C57BL/6 mice fed CO-C, CO-P, FO-C, or FO-P diets for 3 wk on the ex vivo polarization of purified splenic CD4(+) T cells (using magnetic microbeads) into regulatory T cells [Tregs; forkhead box P3 (Foxp3(+)) cells] or Th17 cells [interleukin (IL)-17A(+) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) γτ(+) cells] by flow cytometry. Treg polarization was unaffected by diet; however, FO independently reduced the percentage of both CD4(+) IL-17A(+) (P diets enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or DHA + EPA similarly reduced Th17-cell polarization in comparison to CO by reducing expression of the Th17-cell signature cytokine (IL-17A; P = 0.0015) and transcription factor (RORγτ P = 0.02), whereas Treg polarization was unaffected. Collectively, these data show that n3 PUFAs exert a direct effect on the development of Th17 cells in healthy mice, implicating a novel n3 PUFA-dependent, anti-inflammatory mechanism of action via the suppression of the initial development of this inflammatory T-cell subset.

Precise measurement of the sup 2 sup 7 Al(n,2n) sup 2 sup 6 sup g Al excitation function near threshold and its relevance for fusion-plasma technology

CERN Document Server

Wallner, A; Priller, A; Steier, P; Vonach, H; Chuvaev, S V; Filatenkov, A A; Ikeda, Y; Mertens, G; Rochow, W

2003-01-01

A new accurate measurement of the sup 2 sup 7 Al(n,2n) sup 2 sup 6 Al excitation function leading to the ground state of sup 2 sup 6 Al(t sub 1 sub / sub 2 =7.1 x 10 sup 5 years) in the near-threshold region (E sub t sub h =13.55 MeV) was performed, with the goal to achieve relative cross-sections with the highest accuracy possible using proven methods. In addition, the measurements were also designed to provide good absolute cross-section values, since absolute cross-sections are important for radioactive waste predictions in future fusion reactor materials. Samples of Al metal were irradiated with neutrons in the energy range near threshold (E sub n =13.5-14.8 MeV) in Vienna and St. Petersburg, and at 14.8 MeV in Tokai-mura. In addition, irradiations with neutrons of higher energies (17 and 19 MeV) were performed in Tuebingen, to obtain also cross-section values well above threshold. The amount of sup 2 sup 6 Al produced during the irradiations was measured via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). With this...

[Effects of blueberry on apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in HSC-T6].

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Shuang; Cheng, Mingliang; Yang, Demeng; Liu, Yang; Guan, Li; Wu, Jun

2015-08-18

To investigate the effects of blueberry on the apoptosis, expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC-T6). 10% blueberry serum at low, middle and high dose, 10% Fu-Fang-Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan tablet serum and 10% saline serum were prepared by method of serum pharmacology. Subcultured HSC-T6 was divided into saline serum control group, blueberry serum at low, middle, high dose and Fu-Fang-Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan tablet serum group, and then was respectively incubated at different dose of 10% blueberry serum, 10% Fu-Fang-Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan tablet serum and 10% saline serum for 72 hours.Apoptosis of HSC-T6 was detected using flow cytometry with annexin V FITC/PI double staining. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in HSC-T6 were examined using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, respectively. There was no significant difference for HSC-T6 Bax protein expression in the low, middle and high dose blueberry serum groups, compared with saline serum control group, respectively.In the high-dose blueberry serum group HSC-T6 early and total apoptosis rate increased significantly compared with the saline serum control group (5.55% ± 0.98% vs 2.53% ± 0.46%, 7.01% ± 1.05% vs 2.96% ± 0.81%, both Pblueberry serum group showed no significant difference with the saline serum control group. Blueberry can induce HSC-T6 apoptosis by down-regulating Bcl-2 expression and decreasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in HSC-T6 cells, so it may have potential interference effects on hepatic fibrosis.

Involvement of Trichoderma asperellum strain T6 in regulating iron acquisition in plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Lei; Wang, Fei; Zhang, Yaqing; Zhang, Jiaojiao

2014-07-01

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a major plant nutritional disorder in many parts of the world, particularly in areas with saline soils. Among the numerous root-associated microbes that are beneficial for plant nutrient uptake, Trichoderma spp. are the most effective rhizosphere fungi for enhancing plant growth and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To investigate the potential mechanisms of action of Trichoderma on insoluble Fe in the soil, which is difficult for plants to absorb and utilize, a high siderophore-producing strain of Trichoderma T6, was isolated from the rhizosphere of cucumber plants. The strain was identified as T. asperellum based on the morphological features and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Applying strain T6 to sterile soil could increase soil levels of Fe(2+) and siderophores, as well as increase Fe(2+) and Fe(3+)-chelate reductase (FCR) activity in cucumber tissues. Purified siderophore eluent (PSE) increased plant growth, thus confirming its role in plant growth promotion. Moreover, extracellular Fe(3+) reducing activity and three kinds of organic acids were detected in the culture filtrate of strain T6. These results indicate that strain T6 influences plant Fe absorption in several ways. Siderophore-based Fe chelation is effective in providing Fe to plants, organic acids, and Fe(3+) reducing enzymes may participate in the solubilization and reduction of insoluble Fe(3+) to Fe(2+). © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

IPv6 Convergence for IoT Cyber–Physical Systems

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Keith Nolan

2018-03-01

Full Text Available We describe the evolution of the IoT towards a heterogeneous multitopology network subject to dynamic change and volatility yet still capable of secure and dependable operation. As part of this evolution, we outline the key changes in wireless communications technologies and heterogeneous networking that have arisen during the development of the IoT. We briefly outline the emerging area of cyber–physical systems, and associated technical challenges. We then describe how IP convergence can be viewed as the narrow waist connecting endpoint devices and fieldbus devices with applications and services in new Industry 4.0, and cyber–physical system use cases. We outline how a protocol-packing approach can be used for encapsulating LoRaWAN frames with IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 frames. Extending this, we propose a method for ultracompressed IPv6 signaling, and detail how this can be achieved in an example low-power wide-area technology, namely LoRaWAN. To support our proposed approach, we provide real-world analyses where IPv6 commands undergo a process of ultracompression and are then conveyed to a LoRaWAN endpoint. We find that IPv6 command ultracompression can potentially support command packet sizes that are over 20x smaller than the reported worst-case maximum protocol data unit size of 81 bytes.

Lack of dependence between intrinsic magnetic damping and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Cu(t{sub Cu})/[Ni/Co]{sub N} multilayers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tang, Minghong [Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China); Li, Wei [State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 (China); Ren, Yang [School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000 (China); Zhang, Zongzhi, E-mail: zzzhang@fudan.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China); Jin, Q.Y. [Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China)

2017-04-15

The correlation between magnetic damping and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has been investigated in Cu(t{sub Cu})/[Ni/Co]{sub N} multilayers by time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant K{sub u} is varied in the range of 3.0–3.6 Merg/cm{sup 3} by tuning either multilayer repetition number N or Cu thickness t{sub Cu}. It is found that the PMA strength K{sub u} increases with the increase of N, while the damping constant α{sub 0} keeps nearly a constant of 0.025, implying the intrinsic damping is independent of the K{sub u} tuned by N. In contrast, as t{sub Cu} increases from 2.5 to 20 nm, the α{sub 0} value rises continuously up to 0.040, in spite of the rather weak enhancement in K{sub u} and its non-monotonic variation behavior. We consider the constant α{sub 0} with N is due to the unchanged spin-orbit coupling strength at each Co/Ni interface, while the obvious enhancement in α{sub 0} with t{sub Cu} results mainly from the increased degree of spin disordering at the rougher Cu/Ni interface. - Highlights: • The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy K{sub u} is tuned in Cu(t{sub Cu})/[Ni/Co]{sub N} system. • The intrinsic magnetic damping is found to be independent K{sub u}. • Extrinsic damping increases with t{sub Cu} due to large interfacial spin disordering.

Síndrome del túnel del tarso: Normalización de una técnica diagnóstica electrofisiológica

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Juan Pablo Valderrama

1994-10-01

Full Text Available EI síndrome del túnel del tarso es una entidad frecuente en la población adulta, pero infrecuentemente documentada. En su diagnóstico los estudios de neuroconducción han demostrado ser importantes para confirmar su presencia y evaluar su severidad. La presente investigación, hace un análisis prospectivo de los hallazgos de neuroconducción motora de los nervios plantares interno y externo, encontrados en 32 individuos asintomáticos. Se verifica con el objeto de estandarizar valores de referencia para nuestro medio, aplicando la técnica de Felsenthal, para discriminar entre una lesión a nivel del túnel del tarso, lesiones aisladas de los nervios plantares o neuropatías distales por otra causa. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una latencia motora promedio a través del túnel para el nervio plantar interno de 2.35 ms (rango O.64ms - 4.09ms y para el nervio plantar externo de 2.32ms (rango O.29ms - 3.77ms, también se establecieron velocidades de conducción proximal del nervio tibial para descartar anormalidades en su trayecto a través de la pierna, que pudieran invalidar los datos obtenidos distalmente.

Contribución a la caracterización térmica de materiales con la técnica del alambre caliente (líquidos, gases y sus mezclas) y fotoacústica

OpenAIRE

Bedoya Pérez, Adrián Felipe

2015-01-01

En este trabajo se presentan metodologías experimentales y de análisis y procesamiento de la información para la caracterización térmica de líquidos y sólidos. En el primer caso se propuso un modelo que describe la conductividad térmica efectiva de un sistema de muestras de dos capas (no miscibles) obtenida con la técnica del alambre caliente. Por medio de un experimento simple se demuestra que la conductividad térmica efectiva obtenida con esta técnica debe ser modelada como un conjunto de r...

Bilgi Ağları ve Kütüphanelerarası İşbirliği

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yaşar Tonta

1987-09-01

Full Text Available This paper is on library and Information networks and inter- library co-operation. Different types of networks, their features and struc- tures are briefly reviewed. Also mentioned are the local area netvvorks (LANs, whereby libraries can easily access national and intemational net- works such as JANET, EARN and BITNET. Among other things the func- tions of «intelligent gatevvays», online public access catalogues (OPAÇs and electrbnic mail facilities are explained. A few examples of interlibrary co- operation which have been originated from networks are given in the sec- ond part of the paper; the activities of the Centre for Bibliographic Infor­mation in Japan; the services of library co-operatives such as BLCMP and SWALCAP in the UK, and the way they work; and, the Linked Systems Project, which is the most advanced project of four networks (LC, WLN, RLIN and OCLC in this respect in the US.

Evaluación de complicaciones de la fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis según la técnica de canalización

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ian Blanco Mavillard

Full Text Available Resumen Introducción: La fístula arteriovenosa es el acceso vascular de elección para los tratamientos en hemodiálisis, puncionado periódicamente tres veces por semana. Existen tres tipos de técnicas de punción: en escalera, en área de punción y buttonhole. Las técnicas convencionales son causantes de gran morbilidad a medio y largo plazo, sin embargo, el Buttonhole está asociado a priori a la mejoraría de esos problemas. Objetivo: Comparar la técnica de punción de buttonhole con respecto a las técnicas convencionales para la canulación del acceso vascular en el tratamiento de Hemodiálisis, en función del grado de dolor asociado a la técnica, tasas de infección asociadas y la repercusión sobre la supervivencia del acceso vascular. Material y Método: Revisión bibliográfica narrativa. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales y observacionales en inglés y castellano publicados entre 2010 y 2015, que compararan la técnica de punción convencional respecto a la técnica de punción Buttonhole. Selección inicial por título y resumen. Se utilizaron las escalas CASPe y STROBE para la evaluación metodológica. Resultados: Se identificaron 1.827 estudios, de los que seleccionamos 13 tras el proceso de evaluación crítica. La heterogeneidad de resultados no permite afirmar que ninguna de las técnicas analizadas mejore los resultados en dolor en la punción o supervivencia del acceso, sin embargo, se asocia un aumento de eventos infecciosos con la técnica de Buttonhole. Conclusión: no se han hallado argumentos para asegurar que el Buttonhole pueda ser considerado una técnica de primera elección, debido a la heterogeneidad de las formas de medida de los estudios revisados.

Flipped SU(5) predicts {delta}T/T

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kyae, Bumseok [School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 207-43, Cheongnyangni-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-722 (Korea, Republic of)]. E-mail: bkyae@kias.re.kr; Shafi, Qaisar [Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (United States)]. E-mail: shafi@bartol.udel.edu

2006-04-20

We discuss hybrid inflation in supersymmetric flipped SU(5) model such that the cosmic microwave anisotropy {delta}T/T is essentially proportional to (M/M{sub P}){sup 2}, where M denotes the symmetry breaking scale and M{sub P} (=2.4x10{sup 18} GeV) is the reduced Planck mass. The magnitude of M determined from {delta}T/T measurements can be consistent with the value inferred from the evolution of SU(3) and SU(2) gauge couplings. In other words, one could state that flipped SU(5) predicts (more precisely 'postdicts') {delta}T/T. The scalar spectral index n{sub s}=0.993+/-0.007, the scalar to tensor ratio satisfies r-bar 10{sup -6}, while dn{sub s}/dlnk-bar 4x10{sup -4}.

Why are [P(C6H5)4]+N3- and [As(C6H5)4]+N3- Ionic Salts and Sb(C6H5)4N3 and Bi(C6H5)4N3 are Covalent Solids? A Theoretical Study Provides an Unexpected Answer

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-04

Research, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and the Department of Energy. DAD is indebted to the Robert Ramsay Endowment of the University of Alabama...Schmidt, M. W., Baldridge, K. K., Boatz, J.A., Elbert, S.T., Gordon , M.S., Jensen, J.H., Koseki, S., Matsunaga, N., Nguyen, K.A., Su, S., Windus, T.L...Dupuis, M., Montgomery, J.A.; J. Comput. Chem., 1993, 14, 1347-1363.; Gordon , M. S., Schmidt, M. W., pp. 1167-1189, in "Theory and Applications of

Modelling a water purification process for quality monitoring

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meulen, van der F.H.; Luca, S.; Overal, G.; Dubbeldam, J.L.A.; Di Bucchianico, A.; Jongbloed, G.; Dubbeldam, J.; Groenevelt, W.; Heemink, A.W.; Lahaye, D.; Meerman, C.; Meulen, van der F.

2014-01-01

This paper deals with a quality engineering problem introduced by ‘Waterlaboratorium Noord’ (WLN) situated at the Netherlands. In-terest lies in determining an optimal sampling frequency that provides suÿcient information on the water quality in a drinking water purifica-tion plant. The water

Nitric Acid and Water Extraction by T2EHDGA in n -Dodecane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campbell, Emily L. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; Chemistry Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; Holfeltz, Vanessa E. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Hall, Gabriel B. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; Nash, Kenneth L. [Chemistry Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; Lumetta, Gregg J. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; Levitskaia, Tatiana G. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

2017-11-10

Liquid-liquid distribution behavior of nitric acid (HNO3) and water by a diglycolamide ligand, N,N,N',N'-tetra-2-ethylhexyldiglycolamide (T2EHDGA) into n-dodecane diluent was investigated. Spectroscopic FTIR and NMR characterization of the organic extraction solutions indicate T2EHDGA carbonyl coordinates HNO3 and progressively aggregates at high acid conditions. Water extraction increases in the presence of HNO3. The experimentally observed distribution of HNO3 was modeled using the computer program, SXLSQI. The results indicated that the formation of two organic phase species—HNO3·T2EHDGA and (HNO3)2·T2EHDGA—satisfactory describes the acid transport behavior. Temperature dependent solvent extraction studies allowed for determination of thermodynamic extraction constants and ΔH and ΔS parameters for the corresponding extractive processes.

Los productos típicos y su reglamentación.

OpenAIRE

Cartay, Rafael

2003-01-01

1.- Artículos Cartay, Rafael. "Los productos típicos y su reglamentación. Una tentativa de aplicación de la denominación de origen al cacao venezolano" Kalvatchev, Zlatko; Garzaro, Domingo; Guerra Cedezo, Franklin. "Theobroma Cacao L.: Un nuevo enfoque para nutrición y salud" Anido, Daniel; Gutiérrez, Alejandro. "La demanda de las calorías en Venezuela 1970-1995: Algunas evidencias empíricas" Molina, Luisa Elena. "Notas sobre la situación de la producción primaria de arroz en Ven...

Present attitudes of physical education students towards future employment in their profession [Současné názory studentů tělesné výchovy na jejich budoucí zaměstnání v této profesi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Majer

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research was to examine empirically the attitudes of physical education students towards their future profession in physical culture and some of their considerations about the choice of their field of study and their opinion about the course of studies. METHODS: The research embraced physical education students studying at the Academy of Physical Education in Cracow. The research took place in two stages (May 2005 and 2008. The first part involved first year students (N = 162, the second the same students then being fourth year students, but only those, who passed all semesters on time (N = 103. The students' attitudes towards their future profession were examined by means of a questionnaire worked out by Grabowski and Skrzypiec. RESULTS: For 45.6% of our respondents the choice of their field of study and prospective profession was determined by positive factors. More than half of the tested students (51.6% chose physical education as their field of study because of their interests and passion. Salary, stability and terms of work are also significant factors. More than half of the respondents declare their willingness to work in their profession after graduation. CONCLUSIONS: From among the values preferred while choosing the physical educator's profession, passion was the main choice of the respondents, regardless of gender. The fact that their studies' positive influence on the respondents' attitudes towards their future profession decrease clearly between the first and the last year of studies, is alarming. It would be advisable to do more detailed research in other schools to verify the educational system and the practical preparation of prospective physical education teachers.[CÍLE: Cílem výzkumu bylo empiricky posoudit názory studentů tělesné výchovy na jejich budoucí zaměstnání v tělesné výchově a některé z důvodů, proč si vybrali tento studijní obor, a jejich názory na průběh studia

Effect of T6 heat treatment on damping characteristics of Al/RHA ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. In the present work, effect of T6 heat treatment on the damping behaviour of aluminum/rice husk ash .... alloy-based composites, there is dearth of information on the damping ... fication. Using the process 4, 6 and 8% by weight, RHA.

Role of dendritic cells infected with human herpesvirus 6 in virus transmission to CD4+ T cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takemoto, Masaya; Imasawa, Takayoshi; Yamanishi, Koichi; Mori, Yasuko

2009-01-01

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus that predominantly infects and replicates in CD4 + T lymphocytes. However, the mechanism of HHV-6 transmission to T cells from the peripheral mucosa is unknown. Here we found that dendritic cells (DCs) can transmit HHV-6 to T cells, resulting in productive infection. In immature monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) infected with HHV-6, viral early and late antigens were expressed, and nucleocapsids containing a DNA core were observed, although few virions were detected in the cytoplasm by electron microscopy, indicating that the maturation of HHV-6 virions may be incomplete in MDDCs. However, HHV-6 transmission from MDDCs to stimulated CD4 + T cells occurred efficiently in coculture of these cells, but not from MDDCs culture supernatants. This transmission was partially inhibited by treating the DCs with a viral DNA synthesis blocker, indicating that viral replication in MDDCs is required for this transmission. Furthermore, myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs infected with HHV-6 could also transmit the virus to stimulated T cells. Thus, DCs may be the first cell population targeted by HHV-6 and could play an important role in the virus' transmission to T cells for their further propagation

Optimización del proceso de aporte de recubrimientos anticorrosión de Stellite 6 producidos mediante plaqueado láser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicario, I.

2009-02-01

mediante la técnica de plaqueado láser para producir recubrimientos anti-corrosión empleando aleación de Co Stellite 6 en polvo sobre un substrato de acero C45 (AISI 1045. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo un estudio de las características frente a la corrosión del recubrimiento final obtenido y de su correlación con los parámetros de aporte empleados.

Clasificación de la variación conceptual de los términos basada en la modulación semántica discursiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina Kostina

2011-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se describe una propuesta de clasificación de la variación conceptual proyectada en procesos polisémicos regulares e irregulares a los que están sometidos los términos como unidades léxicas en el discurso. Se sigue la metodología basada en corpus especializado para recuperar los contextos definitorios y explicativos por medio de los patrones metalingüísticos. Los datos se analizan cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Se aplica el eje de la equivalencia conceptual como instrumento metodológico para el análisis semántico de comportamiento de los términos en contextos de uso. El 81% de la muestra corresponde a la variación conceptual proyectada en los procesos polisémicos regulares, mientras que el 14% de la misma corresponde a la variación proyectada en procesos polisémicos irregulares. Los casos mixtos de variación comprenden a un 5%. Por otro lado, se proponen los criterios para distinguir los sentidos de un mismo concepto denominado por un término o sus variantes léxico-semánticas. Se espera que el presente estudio tenga un impacto en las investigaciones sobre desambiguación de significados de términos en contexto.

Decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio reduces chronic reflux esophagitis in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Jing-Jing; Tang, Du-Peng; Xie, Jing-Jing; Yang, Li-Yong; Zhuang, Ze-Hao

2016-09-01

To investigate the effect of dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs on chronic reflux esophagitis (RE) and lipid peroxidation. Rat RE model were established and then fed on a diet contained different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (1:1.5, 5:1, 10:1) or received pure n-6 PUFA diet for 14 days. Esophageal pathological changes were evaluated using macroscopic examination and hematoxyline-eosin staining. IL-1β, IL-8, and TNFα mRNA and protein levels of were determined using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined using ELISA. The severity of esophagitis was lowest in the PUFA(1:1.5) group (P<0.05). IL-1β, IL-8, and TNFα mRNA and protein and MDA levels were significantly increased in model groups with the increasing n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios. SOD levels were significantly decreased in all RE PUFA groups (P<0.05). Esophageal injury and lipid peroxidation appeared to be ameliorated by increased n-3 PUFAs intake. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bis[2,6-bis(trimethylsilylaminopyridine-κN1]{[6-bis(trimethylsilylaminopyridin-2-yl-κN1](trimethylsilylazanido-κN}lithium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Justin A. Rave

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The title complex, [Li(C11H22N3Si2(C11H23N3Si22], contains a single lithium cation coordinated to three ligands. This is the first reported example of the ligand 2,6-bis(trimethylsilylaminopyridine supporting a monometallic complex. One ligand is mono-anionic and forms a four-membered chelate ring with the lithium cation via the pyridine and silylamido N atoms. The other two ligands are neutral and bind via the pyridine nitrogen. The lithium cation is coordinated in a tetrahedral environment. No intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonding is observed in the crystal structure, likely indicating that weak electrostatic interactions are the dominant feature of the crystal packing.

Synthesis of tritium-labelled isopenicillin N, penicillin N and 6-aminopenicillanic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Usher, J.J.; Loder, B.; Abraham, E.P.

1975-01-01

1. Phenoxymethylpenicillin sulphoxide 4-methoxybenzyl ester was labelled with 3 H in its 2-β-methyl group. Its specific radioactivity was 362mCi/mmol. 2. Removal of the side chain of this compound yielded the corresponding ester of 6-aminopenicillanic acid sulphoxide and coupling of the latter with the appropriate protected α-aminoadipic acid gave 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonylisopenicillin N sulphoxide di-4-methoxybenzyl ester or the corresponding derivative of penicillin N. 3. Removal of the protective groups by hydrogenolysis and reduction of the sulphoxide group yielded 3 H-labelled isopenicillin N or penicillin N. 4. 3 H-labelled phenoxymethylpenicillin sulphoxide was obtained by hydrogenolysis from its 4-methoxybenzyl ester. Reducton of its sulphoxide group and subsequent removal of the side chain gave 3 H-labelled 6-aminopenicillanic acid. (author)

Subtle variation within conserved effector operon gene products contributes to T6SS-mediated killing and immunity.

Science.gov (United States)

Alteri, Christopher J; Himpsl, Stephanie D; Zhu, Kevin; Hershey, Haley L; Musili, Ninette; Miller, Jessa E; Mobley, Harry L T

2017-11-01

Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) function to deliver lethal payloads into target cells. Many studies have shown that protection against a single, lethal T6SS effector protein requires a cognate antidote immunity protein, both of which are often encoded together in a two-gene operon. The T6SS and an effector-immunity pair is sufficient for both killing and immunity. HereIn this paper we describe a T6SS effector operon that differs from conventional effector-immunity pairs in that eight genes are necessary for lethal effector function, yet can be countered by a single immunity protein. In this study, we investigated the role that the PefE T6SS immunity protein plays in recognition between two strains harboring nearly identical effector operons. Interestingly, despite containing seven of eight identical effector proteins, the less conserved immunity proteins only provided protection against their native effectors, suggesting that specificity and recognition could be dependent on variation within an immunity protein and one effector gene product. The variable effector gene product, PefD, is encoded upstream from pefE, and displays toxic activity that can be countered by PefE independent of T6SS-activity. Interestingly, while the entire pef operon was necessary to exert toxic activity via the T6SS in P. mirabilis, production of PefD and PefE alone was unable to exert this effector activity. Chimeric PefE proteins constructed from two P. mirabilis strains were used to localize immunity function to three amino acids. A promiscuous immunity protein was created using site-directed mutagenesis to change these residues from one variant to another. These findings support the notion that subtle differences between conserved effectors are sufficient for T6SS-mediated kin discrimination and that PefD requires additional factors to function as a T6SS-dependent effector.

Sağlık açısından toplumsal cinsiyet ve tütün kontrolü/Gender and tobacco control for health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saliha Dilek Öztoprak

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Özet Tütün kullanımı son zamanlara kadar bir erkek davranışı olarak algılanmış, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki kadınlarda tütün kullanımı çok düşük düzeyde kalmıştır. Toplumun yüklediği roller gereği kadınlar “zayıf”, erkekler “güçlü” olarak algılanmıştır ve bu kadınları erkekler gibi güçlü olma arayışına itmiştir. Tütün endüstrisi bu durumu kendi lehine kullanarak cinsiyet normlarını değiştirmeye yönelik girişimlerde bulunmuştur. Sigarayı modern kadın olmanın, erkeklerle eşit olmanın, güçlü olmanın, özgürlüğün sembolü olarak göstermiştir. Kadınların tütün endüstrisinin ana hedefi haline gelmesiyle, tütün kullanım sıklığı açısından erkeklerle kadınlar arasındaki fark giderek kapanmaya başlamıştır. Sigara kadınlar için de büyük bir sağlık sorunu olmaya başlamıştır. Tütün kontrolünde, sigarayı cinsiyet eşitliğinin simgesi olarak gösteren anlayışla mücadeleye başlanmış, kadınları tütün endüstrisinin zararlarından korumak amaçlanmıştır. Bu makalede dünyada ve Türkiye’de sigara içme sıklığının cinsiyete ve yıllara göre nasıl değiştiğini, toplumsal cinsiyet ve tütün ilişkisini, sigaranın kadın sağlığı üzerine etkilerini ve kadınların tütün endüstrisinin ana hedefi haline nasıl geldiğini anlatmak amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Toplumsal cinsiyet, tütün endüstrisi, tütün kontrolü, sigara içme, sağlıkAbstract Until recently tobacco use has been perceived as a male behavior and especially among women in developing countries- tobacco use has remained very low. According to the roles imposed by society, women are perceived as “weak”, men are perceived as “strong” and this has led women to seek to be as strong as men. The tobacco industry has attempted to change gender norms by using this situation to its own advantage, showing the cigarette as a symbol of

26 CFR 1.103(n)-1T - Limitation on aggregrate amount of private activity bonds (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... activity bonds (temporary). 1.103(n)-1T Section 1.103(n)-1T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Excluded from Gross Income § 1.103(n)-1T Limitation on aggregrate amount of private activity bonds (temporary). Q-1: What does section 103(n) provide? A-1: Interest on an issue of private activity bonds will...

Impact of T and N substage on survival and disease relapse in adjuvant rectal cancer: a pooled analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gunderson, Leonard L.; Sargent, Daniel J.; Tepper, Joel E.; O'Connell, Michael J.; Allmer, Cristine; Smalley, Steven R.; Martenson, James A.; Haller, Daniel G.; Mayer, Robert J.; Rich, Tyvin A.; Ajani, Jaffer A.; Macdonald, John S.; Goldberg, Richard M.

2002-01-01

Purpose: To determine the rates of survival and disease control by TNM and MAC stage in three randomized North American rectal adjuvant studies. Materials and Methods: Data were merged from 2551 eligible patients on NCCTG 79-47-51 (n=200), NCCTG 86-47-51 (n=656), and INT 114 (n=1695). All patients received postoperative radiation, and 96% were randomized to receive concomitant and maintenance chemotherapy. Five-year follow-up was available in 94% of patients and 7-yr follow-up in 84%. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the distribution of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and p values were derived using the log-rank test. Time to local and distant relapse was estimated using cumulative incidence methodology. Analyses were adjusted for treatment effect using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: OS and DFS were dependent on both TN stage and NT stage (N substage within T stage and T substage within N stage). Even among N2 patients (4 or more LN+), T stage influenced 5-yr OS (T1-2, 69%; T3, 48%; T4, 38%). Three risk groups of patients were defined: (1) intermediate: T3N0, T1-2N1; (2) moderately high: T4N0, T1-2N2, T3N1; and (3) high: T3N2, T4N1, T4N2. For Group 1, 5-yr OS was 74% and 81%, and 5-yr DFS was 66% and 74%. For Group 2, 5-yr OS ranged from 61% to 69%, and for Group 3, OS ranged from 33% to 48%. Cumulative incidence rates of local relapse and distant metastases revealed similar differences by TN and NT stage, as seen in the survival analyses. Conclusion: Patients with a single high-risk factor of either extension beyond the rectal wall (T3N0) or nodal involvement (T1-2N1) have improved OS, DFS, and disease control when compared to those with both high risk factors. Different treatment strategies may be indicated for intermediate- (T3N0, T1-2N1) vs. moderately high or high-risk patients in view of differential survival and rates of relapse. For future trial design, it may be preferable to perform separate studies, or a planned

N-15 NMR study of the immobilization of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in aerobic compost

Science.gov (United States)

Thorn, K.A.; Pennington, J.C.; Kennedy, K.R.; Cox, L.G.; Hayes, C.A.; Porter, B.E.

2008-01-01

Large-scale aerobic windrow composting has been used to bioremediate washout lagoon soils contaminated with the explosives TNT (2,4,6- trinitrotoluene) and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) at several sites within the United States. We previously used 15N NMR to investigate the reduction and binding of T15NT in aerobic bench -scale reactors simulating the conditions of windrow composting. These studies have been extended to 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6DNT), which, as impurities in TNT, are usually present wherever soils have been contaminated with TNT. Liquid-state 15N NMR analyses of laboratory reactions between 4-methyl-3-nitroaniline-15N, the major monoamine reduction product of 2,4DNT, and the Elliot soil humic acid, both in the presence and absence of horseradish peroxidase, indicated that the amine underwent covalent binding with quinone and other carbonyl groups in the soil humic acid to form both heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic condensation products. Liquid-state 15N NMR analyses of the methanol extracts of 20 day aerobic bench-scale composts of 2,4-di-15N-nitrotoluene and 2,6-di-15N-nitrotoluene revealed the presence of nitrite and monoamine, but not diamine, reduction products, indicating the occurrence of both dioxygenase enzyme and reductive degradation pathways. Solid-state CP/MAS 15N NMR analyses of the whole composts, however, suggested that reduction to monoamines followed by covalent binding of the amines to organic matter was the predominant pathway. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.

Hemorragia de tálamo en el recién nacido a término. Presentación de un caso: A case report

OpenAIRE

Vara Cuesta, Omar León; de Paula Paredes, Analíz

2005-01-01

Las hemorragias cerebrales en el recién nacido son importantes en la determinación de la morbimortalidad neonatal. Se presentó un caso de recién nacido a término que debutó con un cuadro de disfunción hemodinámica y neurológica, con agravamiento de su estado general y del ictero siendo tributario de la realización de una exanguíneo transfusión, mejorando el ictero y logrando una estabilidad hemodinámica, no así del todo su estado neurológico, por lo que se decide realizar un ultrasonido de cr...

Aplicación de la técnica de asociación de la minería de datos en un caso de investigación

OpenAIRE

Giraldo Mejía, Juan Camilo; Noreña Cardona, Paola Andrea; Montoya Quintero, Diana María

2013-01-01

Introducción: hoy en día, la cantidad de datos que ha sido almacenada excede nuestra habilidad para reducirlos y analizarlos sin el uso de técnicas automáticas. Muchas bases de datos transaccionales y científicas crecen en una gran proporción. Metodología: una manera de analizar los datos eficientemente es con la aplicación de técnicas automáticas de minería de datos, siguiendo el proceso de obtención de conocimiento kdd. Este artículo muestra cómo se aplicó el kdd por medio de la técnica “A ...

Human T cell responses to the ESAT-6 antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ravn, P; Demissie, A; Eguale, T

1999-01-01

Human T cell responses to ESAT-6 and eight synthetic overlapping peptides were investigated in tuberculosis (TB) patients and control subjects from regions of high and low endemicity for TB. ESAT-6 was recognized by 65% of all tuberculin purified protein derivative-responsive TB patients, whereas...

Sr2YSbO6 como potencial sustrato para la deposición de películas supercnductoras de YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omar Ortiz

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Se sinteitzó un nuevo material y por medio de la técnica de difracción de rayos X se encontró que su ordenamiento estructual corresponde al de una perovskita compleja de tipo A2BB'O6 con valor de parámetro de red 8,2561 A. Este estudio junto con un análisis EDX permitieron asignar a este compuesto la fórmula Sr2YSbO6. Se elaboraron mezclas homogéneas de este material con YBa2Cu3O7-δ, compactando luego las muestras en forma de pastilla para someterlas a un tratamiento térmico a 900 ºC durante diez horas. Los estudios de difracción de rayos X y magnetización para temperaturas entre 5 y 300 K sobre estas mezclas permitieron determinar que Sr2YSbO6 no reaccionó químicamente con el YBa2Cu3O7-δ y no altero el valor de la temperatura de transiión del superconductor a pesar del tratamiento térmico. Estos estudios permitieron determinar que el nuevo material Sr2YSbO6 podría ser utilizado como sustrato para el crecimiento epitaxial de películas superconductoras de YBa2Cu3O7-δ.

Contribución al estudio de los túneles ferroviarios de gran longitud

OpenAIRE

Beltrán Montero, Alberto

2011-01-01

En las últimas décadas estamos viviendo un fenómeno de expansión de las líneas ferroviarias de alta velocidad en todo el mundo. Los exigentes trazados de este tipo de líneas obligan a construir túneles de gran longitud y a grandes profundidades para poder atravesar los sistemas montañosos más importantes. La construcción de túneles de más de 20 kilómetros de longitud con coberteras superiores a los 1.000 metros, sigue siendo, a pesar del elevado número de proyectos de grandes túneles ejec...

Defective i6A37 modification of mitochondrial and cytosolic tRNAs results from pathogenic mutations in TRIT1 and its substrate tRNA.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John W Yarham

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Identifying the genetic basis for mitochondrial diseases is technically challenging given the size of the mitochondrial proteome and the heterogeneity of disease presentations. Using next-generation exome sequencing, we identified in a patient with severe combined mitochondrial respiratory chain defects and corresponding perturbation in mitochondrial protein synthesis, a homozygous p.Arg323Gln mutation in TRIT1. This gene encodes human tRNA isopentenyltransferase, which is responsible for i6A37 modification of the anticodon loops of a small subset of cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Deficiency of i6A37 was previously shown in yeast to decrease translational efficiency and fidelity in a codon-specific manner. Modelling of the p.Arg323Gln mutation on the co-crystal structure of the homologous yeast isopentenyltransferase bound to a substrate tRNA, indicates that it is one of a series of adjacent basic side chains that interact with the tRNA backbone of the anticodon stem, somewhat removed from the catalytic center. We show that patient cells bearing the p.Arg323Gln TRIT1 mutation are severely deficient in i6A37 in both cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Complete complementation of the i6A37 deficiency of both cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNAs was achieved by transduction of patient fibroblasts with wild-type TRIT1. Moreover, we show that a previously-reported pathogenic m.7480A>G mt-tRNASer(UCN mutation in the anticodon loop sequence A36A37A38 recognised by TRIT1 causes a loss of i6A37 modification. These data demonstrate that deficiencies of i6A37 tRNA modification should be considered a potential mechanism of human disease caused by both nuclear gene and mitochondrial DNA mutations while providing insight into the structure and function of TRIT1 in the modification of cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNAs.

Synthesis and characterization of N-t-BOC protected pyrrole-sulfur oligomers and polymers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groenendaal, L.; Pieterse, K.; Vekemans, J.A.J.M.; Meijer, E.W.

1997-01-01

The synthesis and characterization of a new class of pyrrole-sulfur compounds is described. These compounds are designed to be precursors for an organic analogue of poly(sulfur nitride). Poly(N-t-BOC-2.5-pyrrolyl sulfide) was prepared from N-t-BOC-2,5-dibromopyrrole by first lithiating this compound

Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of RRA, T73 and T6 Heat Treatments on Hardness, Tensile and Bending Strengths of 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Assadi

2016-09-01

20 min and in the third stage aging process was repeated like T6 treatment. Evaluation of the microstructures and fractured surfaces were performed with optical microscopes (OM and scanning electron microscopes (SEM. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS was used to study the chemical composition of precipitates. Hardness, tensile and bending strength were evaluated according to ASTM E384-11e1, ASTM B557-06 and DIN 50121 standards. RRA treatment increased tensile strength from 466 to 485 MPa and hardness from 110 to 165 Vickers. After T6 treatment, tensile strength increased from 466 to 505 MPa and hardness from 110 to 160 Vickers. In T73 process, the tensile strength remained almost constant (465 MPa but yield strength increased from 394 to 410 MPa and hardness decreased from 110 to 84 Vickers. The bending strength increased from 797 to 844, 920 and 1030 MPa in T73, RRA and T6 processes, respectively. By applying RRA process in optimized temperature and time, hardness, tensile and bending strengths of 7075 aluminum alloy were enhanced from 5 to 15% compared to that of T6 and T73 processes.

n3 PUFAs Reduce Mouse CD4+ T-Cell Ex Vivo Polarization into Th17 Cells123

Science.gov (United States)

Monk, Jennifer M.; Hou, Tim Y.; Turk, Harmony F.; McMurray, David N.; Chapkin, Robert S.

2013-01-01

Little is known about the impact of n3 (ω3) PUFAs on polarization of CD4+ T cells into effector subsets other than Th1 and Th2. We assessed the effects of dietary fat [corn oil (CO) vs. fish oil (FO)] and fermentable fiber [cellulose (C) vs. pectin (P)] (2 × 2 design) in male C57BL/6 mice fed CO-C, CO-P, FO-C, or FO-P diets for 3 wk on the ex vivo polarization of purified splenic CD4+ T cells (using magnetic microbeads) into regulatory T cells [Tregs; forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+) cells] or Th17 cells [interleukin (IL)-17A+ and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) γτ+ cells] by flow cytometry. Treg polarization was unaffected by diet; however, FO independently reduced the percentage of both CD4+ IL-17A+ (P diets enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or DHA + EPA similarly reduced Th17-cell polarization in comparison to CO by reducing expression of the Th17-cell signature cytokine (IL-17A; P = 0.0015) and transcription factor (RORγτ P = 0.02), whereas Treg polarization was unaffected. Collectively, these data show that n3 PUFAs exert a direct effect on the development of Th17 cells in healthy mice, implicating a novel n3 PUFA–dependent, anti-inflammatory mechanism of action via the suppression of the initial development of this inflammatory T-cell subset. PMID:23864512

Boron-purity-dependent Raman spectra of CaB6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, M.; Yang, I. S.; Kim, J. Y.; Cho, B. K.

2006-01-01

We report significant differences in the Raman spectra of two different kinds of CaB 6 single crystals grown from boron with a purity of 99.9 % (3N) or 99.9999 % (6N). Our Raman spectra of CaB 6 (3N) show peaks around 781 (T 2g ), 1141 (E g ), and 1283 cm -1 (A 1g ), and they are very similar to previous Raman spectra of CaB 6 . The E g mode shows a characteristic double-peak feature due to an additional weak broad peak centered around 1158 cm -1 . However, the Raman spectra of CaB 6 (6N) show sharp peaks around 771 (T 2g ), 1137 (E g ), and 1266 cm -1 (A 1g ). The peak frequencies are down shifted as much as ∼17 cm -1 . In addition, no additional peak feature is observed for the E g mode so that the mode is symmetric in the case of CaB 6 (6N). The X-ray powder diffraction patterns for both CaB 6 (3N) and CaB 6 (6N) show that the lattice parameters are essentially the same. The majority of the impurity in the 99.9 %-pure (3N) boron is C. Thus, we doped CaB 6 (6N) with C, making Ca(B 0.995 C 0.005 ) 6 , and looked for differences in the Raman spectra. The Raman spectra of Ca(B 0.995 C 0.005 ) 6 are nearly identical to those of CaB 6 (6N), indicating that the differences between the Raman spectra of CaB 6 (3N) and CaB 6 (6N) are not due to a C impurity. The Raman results show that the presence of impurities, not the amount of them, is enough to trigger local symmetry breaking in CaB 6 . The broadening of T 2g , the additional E g2 mode and the asymmetry of A 1g in CaB 6 (3N) can be understood in terms of the symmetry of the arrangements of the boron octahedra lowered by local symmetry breaking.

Evolución clínica de los pacientes operados de enfermedad de Hirschsprung por técnicas transanales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hermes Daniel Hernández Alfonso

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Hirschsprung ha evolucionado positivamente desde que, en 1998, De la Torre Mondragón describiera su técnica de descenso endorrectal totalmente transanal. No obstante, estas variantes técnicas son relativamente nuevas y poco se ha escrito en cuanto a su evolución posoperatoria y estado de la continencia de los pacientes operados. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de 43 pacientes operados de enfermedad de Hirschsprung por medio de técnicas transanales, en un solo tiempo quirúrgico, entre 2004 y 2011, en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Centro Habana. Se aplicó un cuestionario a todos los pacientes en relación con el estado de la función intestinal y urinaria en diferentes momentos de la evolución, luego de los 6 meses de operados, y se relacionaron los resultados con aspectos como la edad y la longitud del segmento resecado. Se utilizó el test de Fisher para el análisis estadístico, considerando significativos los valores de p< 0,05. Resultados: la media de la edad de la intervención fue de 3 años (rango 1-15 años, y predominó el sexo masculino. La variedad rectosigmoidea fue la más frecuente, que se demostró por medio del enema de bario. Todos los casos fueron operados en un solo tiempo quirúrgico, 38 pacientes tienen una evaluación de excelente en relación con la continencia, y solo 2 casos presentaron estreñimiento. Se encontró una relación significativa entre una mayor longitud de segmento resecado, con la presencia de alteraciones del patrón defecatorio. Conclusiones: la función intestinal es satisfactoria en la mayoría de los pacientes intervenidos por medio de técnicas de descenso transanal en un tiempo quirúrgico para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hirschsprung.

N-anti N oscillation in SO(10) and SU(6) supersymmetric grand unified models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimoto, Y.; Zhiyong, Z.

1982-06-01

N-anti N oscillation in SO(10) and SU(6) S.G.U.M. is considered. We find a new type of diagram leading to a faster oscillation rate than in non-supersymmetric case. It is also noted that in SO(10) S.G.U.M. with intermediate SU(4)sub(C)xSU(2)sub(L)xSU(2)sub(R) symmetry N-anti N oscillation would be highly suppressed, which may not necessarily be the case for SU(6) S.G.U.M. (author)

Excavación de túneles en sección total y perforación en roca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vié, G.

1971-09-01

Full Text Available There is a continuous increase in the size and importance of tunnels made in connection with public works, such as motor roads, and water supply systems, and also in other fields of engineering. The author reviews the new machinery now being used to excavate full section tunnels. He studies the various types of Jumbo machinery, helicoidal screw drilling equipment. Tunnellers, and similar devices, and their suitability in various types of rock. A description is given of projects where such equipment has been utilized, and the results are evaluated. Finally, the article deals with modern type hydraulic breaking super hammers, used in rock drilling.Cada día es mayor el número y la importancia de los túneles que se realizan tanto en el sector de las obras públicas (autopistas, abastecimientos de agua... como en los demás campos de la ingeniería. El autor pasa revista a la nueva maquinaria que actualmente se utiliza en la excavación de túneles a plena sección, examinando las características de diversos tipos de jumbos, perforadoras de tornillo helicoidal, «tunnelers», y su adecuación a los diferentes terrenos. Se describen algunas realizaciones en las que han intervenido estas máquinas, analizando los resultados por ellas obtenidos. Finalmente, el artículo se ocupa de los modernos supermartillos rompedores hidráulicos empleados en la perforación en roca.

Calculation of the energy of particles emitted by the reactions {sup 3}{sub 1}T (d,n) {sup 4}{sub 2}He, D (d,n) {sup 3}{sub 2}He and D (d,p) T; Calcul de l'energie des particules emises par les reactions {sup 3}{sub 1}T (d,n) {sup 4}{sub 2}He, D (d,n) {sup 3}{sub 2}He et D (d,p) T

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oria, M; Sorriaux, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

With a view to ease the work of research workers using 150 kV electrostatic accelerators, we have calculated the energy and the emission angle of particles emitted during the reactions {sub 1}{sup 3}T(d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He, {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He and {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,p){sub 1}{sup 3}T. The results are classified in tables and arranged according to the acceleration energy of the deuterons. Since the energies considered are relatively low we have limited our study to the non-relativistic domain; this simplification results in a maximum energy variation with respect to the real energy values of 1 per cent. We give also two curves representing the variations in the total cross-sections for the reactions T (d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He and D (d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He. (authors) [French] De facon a faciliter la tache des experimentateurs utilisant des accelerateurs electrostatiques de 150 kV, nous avons calcule l'energie et l'angle d'emission des particules emises lors des reactions {sub 1}{sup 3}T(d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He, {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He and {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,p){sub 1}{sup 3}T. Les resultats ont ete classes dans des tableaux, et ordonnes en fonction de l'energie d'acceleration des deuterons. Les energies considerees etant relativement peu elevees, nous avons limite notre etude au domaine non relativiste, cette simplification n'entraine qu'une variation maximale de 1 pour cent sur les valeurs reelles des energies. Nous avons joint a ce calcul deux courbes representant la variation des sections efficaces totales des reactions T (d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He et D (d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He. (auteurs)

Design and manufacture of a 6-T wiggler magnet for the Daresbury SRS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ross, J.; Smith, K.

1992-01-01

The 6-T wiggler is an iron-cored, warm bore, superconducting dipole magnet destined for the SERC Daresbury Laboratory's 2-GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source to enhance the available radiation spectrum. The new wiggler will be inserted in the ring in addition to an existing 5-T wiggler, both of which will use the existing, although upgraded, refrigerator. The magnet is designed to provide a peak field of 6 T on the beam line. The design and manufacturing contract for this magnet was started in September 1989 and was preceded by a feasibility study, presented by Oxford Instruments in mid 1988. The major features of the magnet, along with a discussion of the early stages of manufacture, are described in the article

Aging Behaviour of 6061 Al-15 vol% SiC Composite in T4 and T6 Treatments

OpenAIRE

Melby Chacko; Jagannath Nayak

2014-01-01

The aging behaviour of 6061 Al-15 vol% SiC composite was investigated using Rockwell B hardness measurement. The composite was solutionized at 350°C and quenched in water. The composite was aged at room temperature (T4 treatment) and also at 140°C, 160°C, 180°C and 200°C (T6 treatment). The natural and artificial aging behaviour of composite was studied using aging curves determined at different temperatures. The aging period for peak aging for different temperatures was identified. The time ...