Oxide-confined 2D VCSEL arrays for high-density inter/intra-chip interconnects

Science.gov (United States)

King, Roger; Michalzik, Rainer; Jung, Christian; Grabherr, Martin; Eberhard, Franz; Jaeger, Roland; Schnitzer, Peter; Ebeling, Karl J.

1998-04-01

We have designed and fabricated 4 X 8 vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays intended to be used as transmitters in short-distance parallel optical interconnects. In order to meet the requirements of 2D, high-speed optical links, each of the 32 laser diodes is supplied with two individual top contacts. The metallization scheme allows flip-chip mounting of the array modules junction-side down on silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chips. The optical and electrical characteristics across the arrays with device pitch of 250 micrometers are quite homogeneous. Arrays with 3 micrometers , 6 micrometers and 10 micrometers active diameter lasers have been investigated. The small devices show threshold currents of 600 (mu) A, single-mode output powers as high as 3 mW and maximum wavelength deviations of only 3 nm. The driving characteristics of all arrays are fully compatible to advanced 3.3 V CMOS technology. Using these arrays, we have measured small-signal modulation bandwidths exceeding 10 GHz and transmitted pseudo random data at 8 Gbit/s channel over 500 m graded index multimode fiber. This corresponds to a data transmission rate of 256 Gbit/s per array of 1 X 2 mm2 footprint area.

A 5.4mW GPS CMOS quadrature front-end based on a single-stage LNA-mixer-VCO

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liscidini, Amtonio; Mazzanti, Andrea; Tonietto, Riccardo

2006-01-01

A GPS RF front-end combines the LNA, mixer, and VCO in a single stage and can operate from a 1.2V supply. The chip is implemented in a 0.13um CMOS process and occupies 1.5mm2 active area. It consumes 5.4mW with a 4.8dB NF, 36dB gain, and a P1dB of -31dBm.......A GPS RF front-end combines the LNA, mixer, and VCO in a single stage and can operate from a 1.2V supply. The chip is implemented in a 0.13um CMOS process and occupies 1.5mm2 active area. It consumes 5.4mW with a 4.8dB NF, 36dB gain, and a P1dB of -31dBm....

Low-Cost Energy-Efficient 3-D Nano-Spikes-Based Electric Cell Lysis Chips

KAUST Repository

Riaz, Kashif

2017-05-04

Electric cell lysis (ECL) is a promising technique to be integrated with portable lab-on-a-chip without lysing agent due to its simplicity and fast processing. ECL is usually limited by the requirements of high power/voltage and costly fabrication. In this paper, we present low-cost 3-D nano-spikes-based ECL (NSP-ECL) chips for efficient cell lysis at low power consumption. Highly ordered High-Aspect-Ratio (HAR). NSP arrays with controllable dimensions were fabricated on commercial aluminum foils through scalable and electrochemical anodization and etching. The optimized multiple pulse protocols with minimized undesirable electrochemical reactions (gas and bubble generation), common on micro parallel-plate ECL chips. Due to the scalability of fabrication process, 3-D NSPs were fabricated on small chips as well as on 4-in wafers. Phase diagram was constructed by defining critical electric field to induce cell lysis and for cell lysis saturation Esat to define non-ECL and ECL regions for different pulse parameters. NSP-ECL chips have achieved excellent cell lysis efficiencies ηlysis (ca 100%) at low applied voltages (2 V), 2~3 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional systems. The energy consumption of NSP-ECL chips was 0.5-2 mJ/mL, 3~9 orders of magnitude lower as compared with the other methods (5J/mL-540kJ/mL). [2016-0305

Bioprinting of 3D Convoluted Renal Proximal Tubules on Perfusable Chips

Science.gov (United States)

Homan, Kimberly A.; Kolesky, David B.; Skylar-Scott, Mark A.; Herrmann, Jessica; Obuobi, Humphrey; Moisan, Annie; Lewis, Jennifer A.

2016-10-01

Three-dimensional models of kidney tissue that recapitulate human responses are needed for drug screening, disease modeling, and, ultimately, kidney organ engineering. Here, we report a bioprinting method for creating 3D human renal proximal tubules in vitro that are fully embedded within an extracellular matrix and housed in perfusable tissue chips, allowing them to be maintained for greater than two months. Their convoluted tubular architecture is circumscribed by proximal tubule epithelial cells and actively perfused through the open lumen. These engineered 3D proximal tubules on chip exhibit significantly enhanced epithelial morphology and functional properties relative to the same cells grown on 2D controls with or without perfusion. Upon introducing the nephrotoxin, Cyclosporine A, the epithelial barrier is disrupted in a dose-dependent manner. Our bioprinting method provides a new route for programmably fabricating advanced human kidney tissue models on demand.

Study of a Microfluidic Chip Integrating Single Cell Trap and 3D Stable Rotation Manipulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liang Huang

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Single cell manipulation technology has been widely applied in biological fields, such as cell injection/enucleation, cell physiological measurement, and cell imaging. Recently, a biochip platform with a novel configuration of electrodes for cell 3D rotation has been successfully developed by generating rotating electric fields. However, the rotation platform still has two major shortcomings that need to be improved. The primary problem is that there is no on-chip module to facilitate the placement of a single cell into the rotation chamber, which causes very low efficiency in experiment to manually pipette single 10-micron-scale cells into rotation position. Secondly, the cell in the chamber may suffer from unstable rotation, which includes gravity-induced sinking down to the chamber bottom or electric-force-induced on-plane movement. To solve the two problems, in this paper we propose a new microfluidic chip with manipulation capabilities of single cell trap and single cell 3D stable rotation, both on one chip. The new microfluidic chip consists of two parts. The top capture part is based on the least flow resistance principle and is used to capture a single cell and to transport it to the rotation chamber. The bottom rotation part is based on dielectrophoresis (DEP and is used to 3D rotate the single cell in the rotation chamber with enhanced stability. The two parts are aligned and bonded together to form closed channels for microfluidic handling. Using COMSOL simulation and preliminary experiments, we have verified, in principle, the concept of on-chip single cell traps and 3D stable rotation, and identified key parameters for chip structures, microfluidic handling, and electrode configurations. The work has laid a solid foundation for on-going chip fabrication and experiment validation.

A 5.2GHz, 0.5mW RF powered wireless sensor with dual on-chip antennas for implantable intraocular pressure monitoring

KAUST Repository

Arsalan, Muhammad; Ouda, Mahmoud H.; Marnat, Loic; Ahmad, Talha Jamal; Shamim, Atif; Salama, Khaled N.

2013-01-01

For the first time a single chip implantable wireless sensor system for Intraocular Pressure Monitoring (IOPM) is presented. This system-on-chip (SoC) is battery-free and harvests energy from incoming RF signals. The chip is self-contained and does not require external components or bond wires to function. This 1.4mm3 SoC has separate 2.4GHz-transmit and 5.2GHz-receive antennas, an energy harvesting module, a temperature sensor, a 7-bit TIQ Flash ADC, a 4-bit RFID, a power management and control unit, and a VCO transmitter. The chip is fabricated in a standard 6-metal 0.18μm CMOS process and is designed to work with a post-processed MEMS pressure sensor. It consumes 513μW of peak power and when implanted inside the eye, it is designed to communicate with an external reader using on-off keying (OOK). © 2013 IEEE.

A 5.2GHz, 0.5mW RF powered wireless sensor with dual on-chip antennas for implantable intraocular pressure monitoring

KAUST Repository

Arsalan, Muhammad

2013-06-01

For the first time a single chip implantable wireless sensor system for Intraocular Pressure Monitoring (IOPM) is presented. This system-on-chip (SoC) is battery-free and harvests energy from incoming RF signals. The chip is self-contained and does not require external components or bond wires to function. This 1.4mm3 SoC has separate 2.4GHz-transmit and 5.2GHz-receive antennas, an energy harvesting module, a temperature sensor, a 7-bit TIQ Flash ADC, a 4-bit RFID, a power management and control unit, and a VCO transmitter. The chip is fabricated in a standard 6-metal 0.18μm CMOS process and is designed to work with a post-processed MEMS pressure sensor. It consumes 513μW of peak power and when implanted inside the eye, it is designed to communicate with an external reader using on-off keying (OOK). © 2013 IEEE.

A Fully Integrated Humidity Sensor System-on-Chip Fabricated by Micro-Stamping Technology

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Che-Wei; Huang, Yu-Jie; Lu, Shey-Shi; Lin, Chih-Ting

2012-01-01

A fully integrated humidity sensor chip was designed, implemented, and tested. Utilizing the micro-stamping technology, the pseudo-3D sensor system-on-chip (SSoC) architecture can be implemented by stacking sensing materials directly on the top of a CMOS-fabricated chip. The fabricated sensor system-on-chip (2.28 mm × 2.48 mm) integrated a humidity sensor, an interface circuit, a digital controller, and an On-Off Keying (OOK) wireless transceiver. With low power consumption, i.e., 750 μW without RF operation, the sensitivity of developed sensor chip was experimentally verified in the relative humidity (RH) range from 32% to 60%. The response time of the chip was also experimentally verified to be within 5 seconds from RH 36% to RH 64%. As a consequence, the implemented humidity SSoC paves the way toward the an ultra-small sensor system for various applications.

Wymagania dotyczące przeglądów stanu technicznego budynków – studium przypadku

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krystyna Urbańska

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na jakość wykonywanych w ostatnim czasie okresowych przeglądów stanu technicznego budynków oraz zasygnalizowanie zarządcom budynków potrzeby sprawdzania zawartości otrzymywanych opracowań. Zwłaszcza w przypadku znacznej ilości zleceń przyjmowanych w jednym terminie. Ocenę rzetelności sporządzanych okresowych przeglądów stanu technicznego przedstawiono na przykładzie budynku wielorodzinnego zlokalizowanego w Zielonej Górze.

Multipass comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips

Science.gov (United States)

Dooley, James H; Lanning, David N

2014-05-27

A process of comminution of wood chips (C) having a grain direction to produce a mixture of wood particles (P), wherein the wood chips are characterized by an average length dimension (L.sub.C) as measured substantially parallel to the grain, an average width dimension (W.sub.C) as measured normal to L.sub.C and aligned cross grain, and an average height dimension (H.sub.C) as measured normal to W.sub.C and L.sub.C, and wherein the comminution process comprises the step of feeding the wood chips in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction one or more times through a counter rotating pair of intermeshing arrays of cutting discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of wood chip travel.

Integration of Curved D-Type Optical Fiber Sensor with Microfluidic Chip.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yung-Shin; Li, Chang-Jyun; Hsu, Jin-Cherng

2016-12-30

A curved D-type optical fiber sensor (OFS) combined with a microfluidic chip is proposed. This OFS, based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the Kretchmann's configuration, is applied as a biosensor to measure the concentrations of different bio-liquids such as ethanol, methanol, and glucose solutions. The SPR phenomenon is attained by using the optical fiber to guide the light source to reach the side-polished, gold-coated region. Integrating this OFS with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based microfluidic chip, the SPR spectra for liquids with different refractive indices are recorded. Experimentally, the sensitivity of the current biosensor was calculated to be in the order of 10 -5 RIU. This microfluidic chip-integrated OFS could be valuable for monitoring subtle changes in biological samples such as blood sugar, allergen, and biomolecular interactions.

One-step fabrication of an organ-on-a-chip with spatial heterogeneity using a 3D bioprinting technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hyungseok; Cho, Dong-Woo

2016-07-05

Although various types of organs-on-chips have been introduced recently as tools for drug discovery, the current studies are limited in terms of fabrication methods. The fabrication methods currently available not only need a secondary cell-seeding process and result in severe protein absorption due to the material used, but also have difficulties in providing various cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) environments for spatial heterogeneity in the organs-on-chips. Therefore, in this research, we introduce a novel 3D bioprinting method for organ-on-a-chip applications. With our novel 3D bioprinting method, it was possible to prepare an organ-on-a-chip in a simple one-step fabrication process. Furthermore, protein absorption on the printed platform was very low, which will lead to accurate measurement of metabolism and drug sensitivity. Moreover, heterotypic cell types and biomaterials were successfully used and positioned at the desired position for various organ-on-a-chip applications, which will promote full mimicry of the natural conditions of the organs. The liver organ was selected for the evaluation of the developed method, and liver function was shown to be significantly enhanced on the liver-on-a-chip, which was prepared by 3D bioprinting. Consequently, the results demonstrate that the suggested 3D bioprinting method is easier and more versatile for production of organs-on-chips.

Wielokryterialna ocena różnych wariantów lokalizacji ujęcia wód podziemnych dla oczyszczalni ścieków w Częstochowie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Łukasz Kaczmarek

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Działalność przemysłowa wpływa bezpośrednio na środowisko. Przykładem tego jest wpływ ujęć wód podziemnych na warunki hydrogeologiczne. Kluczowym elementem tego zagadnienia jest wybór optymalnej lokalizacji projektowanego ujęcia. Przedstawiany artykuł opisuje wielokryterialną ocenę różnych wariantów lokalizacji ujęcia wód podziemnych. Woda z projektowanego ujęcia będzie dostarczana do oczysz­czalni ścieków w Częstochowie do celów technologicznych. W celu zaprojektowania odpowiedniej studni głębinowej spełniającej określone wymagania przeprowadzono ob­liczenia analityczne m.in. promienia leja depresji i głębokości depresji, izochromy 25 lat oraz ustalono wytyczne dla projektu studni. Wykonano również wykres zwierciadła wód podziemnych podczas interakcji z ujęciem. Rezultatem wyżej wymienionych obliczeń było określenie zasięgu leja depresji oraz wybór wariantu budowy dwóch studni w ra­mach jednego ujęcia wód podziemnych. Dzięki wykonanej analizie zweryfikowano moż­liwości wspomagania procesu podejmowania szybkich i racjonalnych decyzji dla dużych obszarów, gdzie występuje wiele czynników wpływu na wydajność studni głębinowej.

Experimental investigation on the high chip rate of 2D incoherent optical CDMA system

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Guorui; Wang, Rong; Pu, Tao; Fang, Tao; Zheng, Jilin; Zhu, Huatao; Wu, Weijiang

2015-08-01

An innovative approach to realise high chip rate in OCDMA transmission system is proposed and experimentally investigation, the high chip rate is achieved through a 2-D wavelength-hopping time-spreading en/decoder based on the supercontinuum light source. The source used in the experiment is generated by high nonlinear optical fiber (HNLF), Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) which output power is 26 dBm, and distributed feed-back laser diode which works in the gain switch state. The span and the flatness of the light source are 20 nm and 3 dB, respectively, after equalization of wavelength selective switch (WSS). The wavelength-hopping time-spreading coder can be changed 20 nm in the wavelength and 400 ps in the time, is consist of WSS and delay lines. Therefore, the experimental results show that the chip rate can achieve 500 Gchip/s, in the case of 2.5 Gbit/s, while keeping a bit error rate below forward error correction limit after 40 km transmission.

A Fully Integrated Humidity Sensor System-on-Chip Fabricated by Micro-Stamping Technology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chih-Ting Lin

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A fully integrated humidity sensor chip was designed, implemented, and tested. Utilizing the micro-stamping technology, the pseudo-3D sensor system-on-chip (SSoC architecture can be implemented by stacking sensing materials directly on the top of a CMOS-fabricated chip. The fabricated sensor system-on-chip (2.28 mm × 2.48 mm integrated a humidity sensor, an interface circuit, a digital controller, and an On-Off Keying (OOK wireless transceiver. With low power consumption, i.e., 750 μW without RF operation, the sensitivity of developed sensor chip was experimentally verified in the relative humidity (RH range from 32% to 60%. The response time of the chip was also experimentally verified to be within 5 seconds from RH 36% to RH 64%. As a consequence, the implemented humidity SSoC paves the way toward the an ultra-small sensor system for various applications.

Widely Tunable On-Chip Microwave Circulator for Superconducting Quantum Circuits

Science.gov (United States)

Chapman, Benjamin J.; Rosenthal, Eric I.; Kerckhoff, Joseph; Moores, Bradley A.; Vale, Leila R.; Mates, J. A. B.; Hilton, Gene C.; Lalumière, Kevin; Blais, Alexandre; Lehnert, K. W.

2017-10-01

We report on the design and performance of an on-chip microwave circulator with a widely (GHz) tunable operation frequency. Nonreciprocity is created with a combination of frequency conversion and delay, and requires neither permanent magnets nor microwave bias tones, allowing on-chip integration with other superconducting circuits without the need for high-bandwidth control lines. Isolation in the device exceeds 20 dB over a bandwidth of tens of MHz, and its insertion loss is small, reaching as low as 0.9 dB at select operation frequencies. Furthermore, the device is linear with respect to input power for signal powers up to hundreds of fW (≈103 circulating photons), and the direction of circulation can be dynamically reconfigured. We demonstrate its operation at a selection of frequencies between 4 and 6 GHz.

Integration of Curved D-Type Optical Fiber Sensor with Microfluidic Chip

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yung-Shin Sun

2016-12-01

Full Text Available A curved D-type optical fiber sensor (OFS combined with a microfluidic chip is proposed. This OFS, based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR of the Kretchmann’s configuration, is applied as a biosensor to measure the concentrations of different bio-liquids such as ethanol, methanol, and glucose solutions. The SPR phenomenon is attained by using the optical fiber to guide the light source to reach the side-polished, gold-coated region. Integrating this OFS with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-based microfluidic chip, the SPR spectra for liquids with different refractive indices are recorded. Experimentally, the sensitivity of the current biosensor was calculated to be in the order of 10−5 RIU. This microfluidic chip-integrated OFS could be valuable for monitoring subtle changes in biological samples such as blood sugar, allergen, and biomolecular interactions.

D-Zero results on W boson properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abbott, B.

1997-10-01

The D0 experiment collected ∼ 15 pb -1 in run 1A (1992- 1993) and ∼ 89 pb -1 in run 1B (1994-1995) of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider using p anti p collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV. Results from analyses of events with W and Z bosons are presented for the run 1B data samples. From W → eν, μν and Z → ee, μμ decays, the W and Z production cross sections and the W width are determined. Events with W → τν decays are used to determine the ratio of the electroweak gauge coupling constants as a measure of lepton universality. Using W → eν and Z → ee decays, the W boson mass is measured

Universal lab-on-a-chip platform for complex, perfused 3D cell cultures

Science.gov (United States)

Sonntag, F.; Schmieder, F.; Ströbel, J.; Grünzner, S.; Busek, M.; Günther, K.; Steege, T.; Polk, C.; Klotzbach, U.

2016-03-01

The miniaturization, rapid prototyping and automation of lab-on-a-chip technology play nowadays a very important role. Lab-on-a-chip technology is successfully implemented not only for environmental analysis and medical diagnostics, but also as replacement of animals used for the testing of substances in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. For that purpose the Fraunhofer IWS and partners developed a lab-on-a-chip platform for perfused cell-based assays in the last years, which includes different micropumps, valves, channels, reservoirs and customized cell culture modules. This technology is already implemented for the characterization of different human cell cultures and organoids, like skin, liver, endothelium, hair follicle and nephron. The advanced universal lab-on-a-chip platform for complex, perfused 3D cell cultures is divided into a multilayer basic chip with integrated micropump and application-specific 3D printed cell culture modules. Moreover a technology for surface modification of the printed cell culture modules by laser micro structuring and a complex and flexibly programmable controlling device based on an embedded Linux system was developed. A universal lab-on-a-chip platform with an optional oxygenator and a cell culture module for cubic scaffolds as well as first cell culture experiments within the cell culture device will be presented. The module is designed for direct interaction with robotic dispenser systems. This offers the opportunity to combine direct organ printing of cells and scaffolds with the microfluidic cell culture module. The characterization of the developed system was done by means of Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (μPIV) and an optical oxygen measuring system.

Chips 2020

CERN Document Server

2016-01-01

The release of this second volume of CHIPS 2020 coincides with the 50th anniversary of Moore’s Law, a critical year marked by the end of the nanometer roadmap and by a significantly reduced annual rise in chip performance. At the same time, we are witnessing a data explosion in the Internet, which is consuming 40% more electrical power every year, leading to fears of a major blackout of the Internet by 2020. The messages of the first CHIPS 2020, published in 2012, concerned the realization of quantum steps for improving the energy efficiency of all chip functions. With this second volume, we review these messages and amplify upon the most promising directions: ultra-low-voltage electronics, nanoscale monolithic 3D integration, relevant-data, brain- and human-vision-inspired processing, and energy harvesting for chip autonomy. The team of authors, enlarged by more world leaders in low-power, monolithic 3D, video, and Silicon brains, presents new vistas in nanoelectronics, promising  Moore-like exponential g...

77 FR 7182 - Scott W. Houghton, M.D.; Decision and Order

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-10

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration [Docket No. 12-09] Scott W. Houghton, M.D... CFR 0.100(b), I order that DEA Certificate of Registration BH8796077, issued to Scott W. Houghton, M.D., be, and it hereby is, revoked. I further order that any pending application of Scott W. Houghton, M.D...

3D-TV Rendering on a Multiprocessor System on a Chip

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Van Eijndhoven, J.T.J.; Li, X.

2006-01-01

This thesis focuses on the issue of mapping 3D-TV rendering applications to a multiprocessor platform. The target platform aims to address tomorrow's multi-media consumer market. The prototype chip, called Wasabi, contains a set of TriMedia processors that communicate viaa shared memory, fast

Chip-to-Chip Half Duplex Spiking Data Communication over Power Supply Rails

Science.gov (United States)

Hashida, Takushi; Nagata, Makoto

Chip-to-chip serial data communication is superposed on power supply over common Vdd/Vss connections through chip, package, and board traces. A power line transceiver demonstrates half duplex spiking communication at more than 100Mbps. A pair of transceivers consumes 1.35mA from 3.3V, at 130Mbps. On-chip power line LC low pass filter attenuates pseudo-differential communication spikes by 30dB, purifying power supply current for internal circuits. Bi-directional spiking communication was successfully examined in a 90-nm CMOS prototype setup of on-chip waveform capturing. A micro controller forwards clock pulses to and receives data streams from a comparator based waveform capturer formed on a different chip, through a single pair of power and ground traces. The bit error rate is small enough not to degrade waveform acquisition capability, maintaining the spurious free dynamic range of higher than 50dB.

Prediction of 3D chip formation in the facing cutting with lathe machine using FEM

Science.gov (United States)

Prasetyo, Yudhi; Tauviqirrahman, Mohamad; Rusnaldy

2016-04-01

This paper presents the prediction of the chip formation at the machining process using a lathe machine in a more specific way focusing on facing cutting (face turning). The main purpose is to propose a new approach to predict the chip formation with the variation of the cutting directions i.e., the backward and forward direction. In addition, the interaction between stress analysis and chip formation on cutting process was also investigated. The simulations were conducted using three dimensional (3D) finite element method based on ABAQUS software with aluminum and high speed steel (HSS) as the workpiece and the tool materials, respectively. The simulation result showed that the chip resulted using a backward direction depicts a better formation than that using a conventional (forward) direction.

75 FR 49992 - Peter W.S. Grigg, M.D.; Revocation of Registration

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-16

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration Peter W.S. Grigg, M.D.; Revocation of... Order to Show Cause and Immediate Suspension of Registration to Peter W.S. Grigg, M.D. (Respondent), of... Registration, BG2107856, issued to Peter W.S. Grigg, M.D., be, and it hereby is, revoked. This Order is...

Stereolithographic hydrogel printing of 3D microfluidic cell culture chips

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Rujing

that support the required freedom in design, detail and chemistry for fabricating truly 3D constructs have remained limited. Here, we report a stereolithographic high-resolution 3D printing technique utilizing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, MW 700) to manufacture diffusion-open and mechanically...... and material flexibility by embedding a highly compliant cell-laden gelatin hydrogel within the confines of a 3D printed resilient PEGDA hydrogel chip of intermediate compliance. Overall, our proposed strategy represents an automated, cost-effective and high resolution technique to manufacture complex 3D...... epoxy component as structural supports interfacing the external world as well as compliant PEGDA component as microfluidic channels have been manufactured and perfused. Although still in the preliminary stage, this dual-material printing approach shows the potential for constructing complex 3D...

InP MMIC Chip Set for Power Sources Covering 80-170 GHz

Science.gov (United States)

Ngo, Catherine

2001-01-01

We will present a Monolithic Millimeter-wave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) chip set which provides high output-power sources for driving diode frequency multipliers into the terahertz range. The chip set was fabricated at HRL Laboratories using a 0.1-micrometer gate-length InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process, and features transistors with an f(sub max) above 600 GHz. The HRL InP HEMT process has already demonstrated amplifiers in the 60-200 GHz range. In this paper, these high frequency HEMTs form the basis for power sources up to 170 GHz. A number of state-of-the-art InP HEMT MMICs will be presented. These include voltage-controlled and fixed-tuned oscillators, power amplifiers, and an active doubler. We will first discuss an 80 GHz voltage-controlled oscillator with 5 GHz of tunability and at least 17 mW of output power, as well as a 120 GHz oscillator providing 7 mW of output power. In addition, we will present results of a power amplifier which covers the full WRIO waveguide band (75-110 GHz), and provides 40-50 mW of output power. Furthermore, we will present an active doubler at 164 GHz providing 8% bandwidth, 3 mW of output power, and an unprecedented 2 dB of conversion loss for an InP HEMT MMIC at this frequency. Finally, we will demonstrate a power amplifier to cover 140-170 GHz with 15-25 mW of output power and 8 dB gain. These components can form a power source in the 155-165 GHz range by cascading the 80 GHz oscillator, W-band power amplifier, 164 GHz active doubler and final 140-170 GHz power amplifier for a stable, compact local oscillator subsystem, which could be used for atmospheric science or astrophysics radiometers.

Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Rapid Measurement of Vitamin D Levels.

Science.gov (United States)

Peter, Harald; Bistolas, Nikitas; Schumacher, Soeren; Laurisch, Cecilia; Guest, Paul C; Höller, Ulrich; Bier, Frank F

2018-01-01

Lab-on-a-chip assays allow rapid analysis of one or more molecular analytes on an automated user-friendly platform. Here we describe a fully automated assay and readout for measurement of vitamin D levels in less than 15 min using the Fraunhofer in vitro diagnostics platform. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 ]) dilution series in buffer were successfully tested down to 2 ng/mL. This could be applied in the future as an inexpensive point-of-care analysis for patients suffering from a variety of conditions marked by vitamin D deficiencies.

Stereolithographic hydrogel printing of 3D culture chips with biofunctionalized complex 3D perfusion networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Rujing; Larsen, Niels Bent

2017-01-01

the required freedom in design, detail and chemistry for fabricating truly 3D constructs have remained limited. Here, we report a stereolithographic high-resolution 3D printing technique utilizing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, MW 700) to manufacture diffusion-open and mechanically stable hydrogel...... and material flexibility by embedding a highly compliant cell-laden gelatin hydrogel within the confines of a 3D printed resilient PEGDA hydrogel chip of intermediate compliance. Overall, our proposed strategy represents an automated, cost-effective and high resolution technique to manufacture complex 3D......Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models capturing both the structural and dynamic complexity of the in vivo situation are in great demand as an alternative to animal models. Despite tremendous progress in engineering complex tissue/organ models in the past decade, approaches that support...

Hydrophilic Surface Modification of PDMS Microchannel for O/W and W/O/W Emulsions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shazia Bashir

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A surface modification method for bonded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS microchannels is presented herein. Polymerization of acrylic acid was performed on the surface of a microchannel using an inline atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier microplasma technique. The surface treatment changes the wettability of the microchannel from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. This is a challenging task due to the fast hydrophobic recovery of the PDMS surface after modification. This modification allows the formation of highly monodisperse oil-in-water (O/W droplets. The generation of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W double emulsions was successfully achieved by connecting in series a hydrophobic microchip with a modified hydrophilic microchip. An original channel blocking technique to pattern the surface wettability of a specific section of a microchip using a viscous liquid comprising a mixture of honey and glycerol, is also presented for generating W/O/W emulsions on a single chip.

Aktualne poglądy na temat roli witaminy D w patogenezie stwardnienia rozsianego

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Antczak

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Witamina D jest powszechnie znana ze swojej roli w gospodarce wapniowo-fosforanowej, ale wzrastająca ilość danych wskazuje na jej działania plejotropowe. Zaobserwowano pozytywną korelację między niedoborem witaminy D a występowaniem chorób autoimmunologicznych, w tym stwardnienia rozsianego, reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów, tocznia rumieniowatego układowego itp. Receptory witaminy D są obecne w szeregu tkanek i narządów, w tym w kościach, mięśniach, narządach rozrodczych, sercu, mózgu oraz w obrębie układu odporno- ściowego. Coraz lepiej poznawane działanie immunomodulujące witaminy D obejmuje wpływ zarówno na mechanizmy odporności wrodzonej, jak i adaptacyjnej, poprzez hamowanie proliferacji i cytotoksyczności limfocytów T, promowanie różnicowania limfocytów T regulatorowych oraz modulowanie działania makrofagów i komórek dendrytycznych. Stwardnienie rozsiane (łac. sclerosis multiplex, SM jest chorobą autoimmunologiczną ośrodkowego układu nerwowego spowodowaną przez skomplikowane i w dużej mierze nieznane interakcje między predyspozycjami genetycznymi i czynnikami środowiskowymi. Badania epidemiologiczne wskazują, że ekspozycja na promieniowanie słoneczne i związany z nią poziom witaminy D są ważnymi czynnikami mogącymi wyjaśniać zróżnicowanie geograficzne częstości zachorowań na SM. Wyniki niektórych wstępnych obserwacji sugerują, że suplementacja witaminy D może zmniejszać ryzyko zachorowania na SM oraz modulować przebieg choroby i zmniejszać częstość jej nawrotów u pacjentów z rzutowo-remisyjną postacią SM. Wyniki te skłoniły do podjęcia prób włączenia witaminy D jako składnika wspomagającego terapię SM. Obserwacje te wymagają dalszego potwierdzenia i badań klinicznych.

Design and Implementation of 8051 Single-Chip Microcontroller for Stationary 1.0 kW PEM Fuel Cell System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pei-Hsing Huang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs have attracted significant interest as a potential green energy source. However, if the performance of such systems is to be enhanced, appropriate control strategies must be applied. Accordingly, the present study proposes a sophisticated control system for a 1.0 kW PEMFC system comprising a fuel cell stack, an auxiliary power supply, a DC-DC buck converter, and a DC-AC inverter. The control system is implemented using an 8051 single-chip microcontroller and is designed to optimize the system performance and safety in both the startup phase and the long-term operation phase. The major features of the proposed control system are described and the circuit diagrams required for its implementation introduced. In addition, the touch-sensitive, intuitive human-machine interface is introduced and typical screens are presented. Finally, the electrical characteristics of the PEMFC system are briefly examined. Overall, the results confirm that the single-chip microcontroller presented in this study has significant potential for commercialization in the near future.

3D-printed, sugar cube-size microplasma on a hybrid chip used as a spectral lamp to characterize UV-Vis transmission characteristics of polycarbonate chips for microfluidic applications

Science.gov (United States)

Devathasan, D.; Trebych, K.; Karanassios, Vassili

2013-05-01

A 3d-printed, solar-powered, battery-operated, atmospheric-pressure, self-igniting microplasma the size of a sugar-cube has been used as light source to document the Ultra Violet (UV) and visible transmission characteristics of differentthickness polycarbonate chips that are often used for microfluidic applications. The hybrid microplasma chip was fitted with a quartz plate because quartz is transparent to UV.

W-algebra symmetries of generalised Drinfel'd-Sokolov hierarchies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spence, B.

1992-01-01

Using the zero curvature formulation, it is shown that W-algebra transformations are symmetries of corresponding generalised Drinfel'd-Sokolov hierarchies. This result is illustrated with the examples of the KdV and Boussinesque hierarchies, and the hierarchy associated to the Polyakov-Bershadsky W-algebra. (orig.)

Experimental study of the chip morphology in turning hardened AISI D2 steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mhamdi, Mohamed Baccar; Bayraktar, Emin [Supmeca, Paris (France); Salem, Sahbi Ben; Boujelbene, Mohamed [National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis (Turkey)

2013-11-15

The study of local mechanisms of material removal is essential in all problems of shaping by machining. Indeed, the mastery of surfaces generated by cutting requires an understanding of cutting mechanisms. The turning of steels with high mechanical properties using the cutting tool, often called 'hard turning,' is a new technique for the mechanical industry, and hence the need to understand the cutting mechanisms. The steel type EN X160CrMoV12 treated to 62 HRC (cold work tool steel: AISI D2 with a martensite matrix and distribution of primary and secondary carbides) is the subject of this study. Hard turning tests were carried out for this steel at different cutting conditions, with the aim to understand the mechanism of chip formation in order to be able to obtain the optimal cutting conditions. The chips obtained were examined under a microscope. The observation showed that the chip formation is influenced by cutting conditions. The chips contained a white layer, and this layer was examined under scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to study its variation depending on cutting parameters. The study shown, that cutting forces decrease with the increase of cutting speed. However, ANOVA method was used to establish the effect of the cutting conditions on experimental obtained results. Analysis of plastic deformation of the chip and the shear angle was made according to cutting conditions. Finally, a microhardness test was carried out to relate the mechanical properties and the microstructures of white layers.

Power-aware transceiver design for half-duplex bidirectional chip-to-chip optical interconnects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sangirov Jamshid; Ukaegbu Ikechi Augustine; Lee Tae-Woo; Park Hyo-Hoon; Sangirov Gulomjon

2013-01-01

A power-aware transceiver for half-duplex bidirectional chip-to-chip optical interconnects has been designed and fabricated in a 0.13 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The transceiver can detect the presence and absence of received signals and saves 55% power in Rx enabled mode and 45% in Tx enabled mode. The chip occupies an area of 1.034 mm 2 and achieves a 3-dB bandwidth of 6 GHz and 7 GHz in Tx and Rx modes, respectively. The disabled outputs for the Tx and Rx modes are isolated with 180 dB and 139 dB, respectively, from the enabled outputs. Clear eye diagrams are obtained at 4.25 Gbps for both the Tx and Rx modes. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

D. W. Griffith and the Warrior Ethos.

Science.gov (United States)

Quart, Leonard; Auster, Al

1989-01-01

Discusses D. W. Griffith's perceptions of war, his idealized vision of the South before and after the Civil War, and his racism as evidenced in the film, "The Birth of a Nation." Considers responses to and effects of the film. (DMM)

Experiment list: SRX122414 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog ...number 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http://d

Experiment list: SRX214077 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available erentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox17_V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=Sox17 || chip antibody manufacture...r 1=R&D || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Invit

Experiment list: SRX122417 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog ...number 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http://d

Experiment list: SRX122415 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog ...number 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http://d

Experiment list: SRX122416 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog ...number 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http://d

Embedded 3D Graphics Core for FPGA-based System-on-Chip Applications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holten-Lund, Hans Erik

2005-01-01

This paper presents a 3D graphics accelerator core for an FPGA based system, and illustrates how to build a System-on-Chip containing a Xilinx MicroBlaze soft-core CPU and our 3D graphics accelerator core. The system is capable of running uClinux and hardware accelerated 3D graphics applications......, and the video display which periodically reads from memory to display the final rendered graphics. The graphics core uses internal scratch-pad memory to reduce its external bandwidth requirement, this is achieved by implementing a tile-based rendering algorithm. Reduced external bandwidth means that the power...

Znaczenie witaminy D w występowaniu wybranych schorzeń = The importance of vitamin D in the presence of selected diseases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Malwina Respondek

2016-09-01

  Znaczenie witaminy D w występowaniu wybranych schorzeń The importance of vitamin D in the presence of selected diseases   Malwina Respondek1, Hanna Pudło1   1Katedra Dietetyki, Wydział Zdrowia Publicznego w Bytomiu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach 1Department of Dietetics, School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice   Słowa kluczowe MESH: Vitamin D, metabolism, supplementation   Słowa kluczowe: witamina D, metabolizm, suplementacja   Streszczenie W ostatnich latach istotnie zmieniło się postrzeganie roli witaminy D w organizmie, której  przypisywano głównie udział w regulacji gospodarki wapniowo-fosforanowej oraz zapobieganie krzywicy u dzieci i osteoporozie u dorosłych. Obecnie witaminę D postrzega się bardziej jako hormon steroidowy niż substancję o działaniu witaminowym. Odkrycie receptora VDR (Vitamin D Receptor w większości komórek pozaszkieletowych oraz kolejne badania epidemiologiczne potwierdzają oddziaływanie witaminy D na funkcjonowanie wielu układów w organizmie tj. utrzymaniu prawidłowego funkcjonowania układu sercowo-naczyniowego, układu immunologicznego, w profilaktyce przeciwnowotworowej i cukrzycy.       Summary   In recent years significantly changed perception of the role of vitamin D in the body, which was attributed mainly involved in the regulation of calcium –phosphate and the prevention of rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. Currently, vitamin D is seen more as a steroid hormone than a substance with vitamin . The discovery of VDR (Vitamin D Receptor receptor in most cells and further epidemiological studies confirmed the impact of vitamin D on the functioning of many body systems it means role of vitamin D in cardiovascular health, immune system, diabetes and cancer prevention.

Programmable Nano-Bio-Chip Sensors: Analytical Meets Clinical

Science.gov (United States)

Jokerst, Jesse V.; Floriano, Pierre N.; Christodoulides, Nicolaos; McDevitt, John T.; Jacobson, James W.; Bhagwandin, Bryon D.

2010-01-01

synopsis There have been many recent advances in the nano-bio-chip (NBC) analysis methodology with implications for a number of high-morbidity diseases including HIV, cancer, and heart disease. In their Feature article, Jesse V. Jokerst of The University of Texas at Austin; Pierre N. Floriano, Nicolaos Christodoulides, and John T. McDevitt of Rice University; and James W. Jacobson and Bryon D. Bhagwandin of LabNow, Inc. discuss the construction, capabilities, and advantages of NBCs. The cover shows arrays of NBCs. Images courtesy of Glennon Simmons/McDevitt Lab and Marcha Miller of The University of Texas at Austin. PMID:20128622

Single chip camera active pixel sensor

Science.gov (United States)

Shaw, Timothy (Inventor); Pain, Bedabrata (Inventor); Olson, Brita (Inventor); Nixon, Robert H. (Inventor); Fossum, Eric R. (Inventor); Panicacci, Roger A. (Inventor); Mansoorian, Barmak (Inventor)

2003-01-01

A totally digital single chip camera includes communications to operate most of its structure in serial communication mode. The digital single chip camera include a D/A converter for converting an input digital word into an analog reference signal. The chip includes all of the necessary circuitry for operating the chip using a single pin.

Semipolar III–nitride quantum well waveguide photodetector integrated with laser diode for on-chip photonic system

KAUST Repository

Shen, Chao

2017-02-28

A high-performance waveguide photodetector (WPD) integrated with a laser diode (LD) sharing the single InGaN/GaN quantum well active region is demonstrated on a semipolar GaN substrate. The photocurrent of the integrated WPD is effectively tuned by the emitted optical power from the LD. The responsivity ranges from 0.018 to 0.051 A/W with increasing reverse bias from 0 to 10 V. The WPD shows a large 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 230 MHz. The integrated device, being used for power monitoring and on-chip communication, paves the way towards the eventual realization of a III–nitride on-chip photonic system.

Semipolar III–nitride quantum well waveguide photodetector integrated with laser diode for on-chip photonic system

KAUST Repository

Shen, Chao; Lee, Changmin; Stegenburgs, Edgars; Lerma, Jorge Holguin; Ng, Tien Khee; Nakamura, Shuji; DenBaars, Steven P.; Alyamani, Ahmed Y.; El-Desouki, Munir M.; Ooi, Boon S.

2017-01-01

A high-performance waveguide photodetector (WPD) integrated with a laser diode (LD) sharing the single InGaN/GaN quantum well active region is demonstrated on a semipolar GaN substrate. The photocurrent of the integrated WPD is effectively tuned by the emitted optical power from the LD. The responsivity ranges from 0.018 to 0.051 A/W with increasing reverse bias from 0 to 10 V. The WPD shows a large 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 230 MHz. The integrated device, being used for power monitoring and on-chip communication, paves the way towards the eventual realization of a III–nitride on-chip photonic system.

Study of silicon chip soldering in high-power transistor housing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasily S. Anosov

2017-09-01

We experimentally assessed the effect of outer housing layer materials and back side chip metallization. For lead-silver soldering of silicon chips, the best housing is that with a nickel outer layer rather than with a gold-plated one, because the resultant thermal resistance is lower and the absence of gold makes the technology cheaper. We obtained a 0.6 K/W thermal resistance for a 24 mm2 chip area.

Modular 3D printed lab-on-a-chip bio-reactor for the biochemical energy cascade of microorganisms

Science.gov (United States)

Podwin, Agnieszka; Dziuban, Jan A.

2017-10-01

The paper presents the sandwiched polymer 3D printed lab-on-a-chip bio-reactor for the biochemical energy cascade of microorganisms. Euglenas and yeast were separately and simultaneously cultured for 10 d in the chip. As a result of the experiments, euglenas, light-initialized and nourished by CO2—a product of ethanol fermentation handled by yeast—generated oxygen, based on the photosynthesis process. The presence of oxygen in the bio-reactor was confirmed by the colorimetric method—a bicarbonate (pH) indicator. Preliminary studies towards the obtainment of an effective source of oxygen are promising and further research should be done to enable the utility of the bio-reactor in, for instance, microbial fuel cells.

Modular 3D printed lab-on-a-chip bio-reactor for the biochemical energy cascade of microorganisms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Podwin, Agnieszka; Dziuban, Jan A

2017-01-01

The paper presents the sandwiched polymer 3D printed lab-on-a-chip bio-reactor for the biochemical energy cascade of microorganisms. Euglenas and yeast were separately and simultaneously cultured for 10 d in the chip. As a result of the experiments, euglenas, light-initialized and nourished by CO 2 —a product of ethanol fermentation handled by yeast—generated oxygen, based on the photosynthesis process. The presence of oxygen in the bio-reactor was confirmed by the colorimetric method—a bicarbonate (pH) indicator. Preliminary studies towards the obtainment of an effective source of oxygen are promising and further research should be done to enable the utility of the bio-reactor in, for instance, microbial fuel cells. (paper)

Quality evaluation of tortilla chips made with corn meal dough and cooked bean flour

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Araceli Ochoa-Martínez

2016-12-01

Full Text Available A mixture of cornmeal dough and cooked bean flour (BF was prepared at different ratios (50/50, 60/40, and 70/30 w/w, and processed to chips. Viscosity profile, temperature of gelatinization and enthalpy, texture, protein content, and in vitro digestibility were measured. Pasting temperature tended to be lower when the flour bean concentration was lower. Maximum viscosity increased significantly in both samples (dough mixture and chips when the BF concentration was lower. In general, gelatinization temperature remains constant, while the heating enthalpy was higher with lower BF concentration. The addition of BF was correlated with greater crispiness, suggesting improved chip texture at higher BF concentrations. The final protein content in the corn-bean chips was very similar, despite the concentration of BF used. Protein digestibility in the chips was affected by the proportion of BF added, being higher when the amount of the BF was lower.

InP on SOI devices for optical communication and optical network on chip

Science.gov (United States)

Fedeli, J.-M.; Ben Bakir, B.; Olivier, N.; Grosse, Ph.; Grenouillet, L.; Augendre, E.; Phillippe, P.; Gilbert, K.; Bordel, D.; Harduin, J.

2011-01-01

For about ten years, we have been developing InP on Si devices under different projects focusing first on μlasers then on semicompact lasers. For aiming the integration on a CMOS circuit and for thermal issue, we relied on SiO2 direct bonding of InP unpatterned materials. After the chemical removal of the InP substrate, the heterostructures lie on top of silicon waveguides of an SOI wafer with a separation of about 100nm. Different lasers or photodetectors have been achieved for off-chip optical communication and for intra-chip optical communication within an optical network. For high performance computing with high speed communication between cores, we developed InP microdisk lasers that are coupled to silicon waveguide and produced 100μW of optical power and that can be directly modulated up to 5G at different wavelengths. The optical network is based on wavelength selective circuits with ring resonators. InGaAs photodetectors are evanescently coupled to the silicon waveguide with an efficiency of 0.8A/W. The fabrication has been demonstrated at 200mm wafer scale in a microelectronics clean room for CMOS compatibility. For off-chip communication, silicon on InP evanescent laser have been realized with an innovative design where the cavity is defined in silicon and the gain localized in the QW of bonded InP hererostructure. The investigated devices operate at continuous wave regime with room temperature threshold current below 100 mA, the side mode suppression ratio is as high as 20dB, and the fibercoupled output power is {7mW. Direct modulation can be achieved with already 6G operation.

Chip design of a 5.8-GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a tunable Gm−C loop filter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Jhin-Fang; Lai Wen-Cheng; Shin Chun-Wei; Hsu Chien-Ming; Liu Ron-Yi

2012-01-01

This paper proposes a novel G m −C loop filter instead of a conventional passive loop filter used in a phase-locked loop. The innovative advantage of the proposed architecture is tunable loop filter bandwidth and hence the process variations of passive elements of resistance R and capacitance C can be overcome and the chip area is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the MASH 1-1-1 sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator is adopted for performing the fractional division number and hence improves the phase noise as well. Measured results show that the locked phase noise is −114.1 dBc/Hz with lower G m −C bandwidth and −111.7 dBm/C with higher G m −C bandwidth at 1 MHz offset from carrier of 5.68 GHz. Including pads and built-in G m −C filter, the chip area of the proposed frequency synthesizer is 1.06 mm 2 . The output power is −8.69 dBm at 5.68 GHz and consumes 56 mW with an off-chip buffer from 1.8-V supply voltage. (electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid dynamics)

An integrated circuit with transmit beamforming flip-chip bonded to a 2-D CMUT array for 3-D ultrasound imaging.

Science.gov (United States)

Wygant, Ira O; Jamal, Nafis S; Lee, Hyunjoo J; Nikoozadeh, Amin; Oralkan, Omer; Karaman, Mustafa; Khuri-Yakub, Butrus T

2009-10-01

State-of-the-art 3-D medical ultrasound imaging requires transmitting and receiving ultrasound using a 2-D array of ultrasound transducers with hundreds or thousands of elements. A tight combination of the transducer array with integrated circuitry eliminates bulky cables connecting the elements of the transducer array to a separate system of electronics. Furthermore, preamplifiers located close to the array can lead to improved receive sensitivity. A combined IC and transducer array can lead to a portable, high-performance, and inexpensive 3-D ultrasound imaging system. This paper presents an IC flip-chip bonded to a 16 x 16-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array for 3-D ultrasound imaging. The IC includes a transmit beamformer that generates 25-V unipolar pulses with programmable focusing delays to 224 of the 256 transducer elements. One-shot circuits allow adjustment of the pulse widths for different ultrasound transducer center frequencies. For receiving reflected ultrasound signals, the IC uses the 32-elements along the array diagonals. The IC provides each receiving element with a low-noise 25-MHz-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier. Using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) clocked at 100 MHz to operate the IC, the IC generated properly timed transmit pulses with 5-ns accuracy. With the IC flip-chip bonded to a CMUT array, we show that the IC can produce steered and focused ultrasound beams. We present 2-D and 3-D images of a wire phantom and 2-D orthogonal cross-sectional images (Bscans) of a latex heart phantom.

A 11 mW 2.4 GHz 0.18 µm CMOS Transceivers for Wireless Sensor Networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Bing; Chen, Hua; Wang, Zhiyu; Mo, Jiongjiong; Chen, Junli; Yu, Faxin; Wang, Wenbo

2017-01-24

In this paper, a low power transceiver for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed. The system is designed with fully functional blocks including a receiver, a fractional-N frequency synthesizer, and a class-E transmitter, and it is optimized with a good balance among output power, sensitivity, power consumption, and silicon area. A transmitter and receiver (TX-RX) shared input-output matching network is used so that only one off-chip inductor is needed in the system. The power and area efficiency-oriented, fully-integrated frequency synthesizer is able to provide programmable output frequencies in the 2.4 GHz range while occupying a small silicon area. Implemented in a standard 0.18 μm RF Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the whole transceiver occupies a chip area of 0.5 mm² (1.2 mm² including bonding pads for a QFN package). Measurement results suggest that the design is able to work at amplitude shift keying (ASK)/on-off-keying (OOK) and FSK modes with up to 500 kbps data rate. With an input sensitivity of -60 dBm and an output power of 3 dBm, the receiver, transmitter and frequency synthesizer consumes 2.3 mW, 4.8 mW, and 3.9 mW from a 1.8 V supply voltage, respectively.

Effect of osmotic dehydration and vacuum-frying parameters to produce high-quality mango chips.

Science.gov (United States)

Nunes, Yolanda; Moreira, Rosana G

2009-09-01

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a fruit rich in flavor and nutritional values, which is an excellent candidate for producing chips. The objective of this study was to develop high-quality mango chips using vacuum frying. Mango ("Tommy Atkins") slices were pretreated with different maltodextrin concentrations (40, 50, and 65, w/v), osmotic dehydration times (45, 60, and 70 min), and solution temperatures (22 and 40 degrees C). Pretreated slices were vacuum fried at 120, 130, and 138 degrees C and product quality attributes (oil content, texture, color, carotenoid content) determined. The effect of frying temperatures at optimum osmotic dehydration times (65 [w/v] at 40 degrees C) was assessed. All samples were acceptable (scores > 5) to consumer panelists. The best mango chips were those pretreated with 65 (w/v) concentration for 60 min and vacuum fried at 120 degrees C. Mango chips under atmospheric frying had less carotenoid retention (32%) than those under vacuum frying (up to 65%). These results may help further optimize vacuum-frying processing of high-quality fruit-based snacks.

A simple method for fabricating multi-layer PDMS structures for 3D microfluidic chips

KAUST Repository

Zhang, Mengying

2010-01-01

We report a simple methodology to fabricate PDMS multi-layer microfluidic chips. A PDMS slab was surface-treated by trichloro (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl) silane, and acts as a reusable transferring layer. Uniformity of the thickness of the patterned PDMS layer and the well-alignment could be achieved due to the transparency and proper flexibility of this transferring layer. Surface treatment results are confirmed by XPS and contact angle testing, while bonding forces between different layers were measured for better understanding of the transferring process. We have also designed and fabricated a few simple types of 3D PDMS chip, especially one consisting of 6 thin layers (each with thickness of 50 μm), to demonstrate the potential utilization of this technique. 3D fluorescence images were taken by a confocal microscope to illustrate the spatial characters of essential parts. This fabrication method is confirmed to be fast, simple, repeatable, low cost and possible to be mechanized for mass production. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.

Towards Single-Step Biofabrication of Organs on a Chip via 3D Printing.

Science.gov (United States)

Knowlton, Stephanie; Yenilmez, Bekir; Tasoglu, Savas

2016-09-01

Organ-on-a-chip engineering employs microfabrication of living tissues within microscale fluid channels to create constructs that closely mimic human organs. With the advent of 3D printing, we predict that single-step fabrication of these devices will enable rapid design and cost-effective iterations in the development stage, facilitating rapid innovation in this field. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the $W$ boson mass with the D0 detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich; et al.

2014-01-30

We give a detailed description of the measurement of the $W$ boson mass, $M_W$, performed on an integrated luminosity of 4.3 fb$^{-1}$, which is based on similar techniques as used for our previous measurement done on an independent data set of 1 fb$^{-1}$ of data. The data were collected using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. This data set yields $1.68\\times 10^6$ $W\\rightarrow e\

A 3D Microfluidic Chip for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrolysed Nucleic Bases by a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jana Vlachova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Modification of carbon materials, especially graphene-based materials, has wide applications in electrochemical detection such as electrochemical lab-on-chip devices. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE modified with chemically alternated graphene oxide was used as a working electrode (glassy carbon modified by graphene oxide with sulphur containing compounds and Nafion for detection of nucleobases in hydrolysed samples (HCl pH = 2.9, 100 °C, 1 h, neutralization by NaOH. It was found out that modification, especially with trithiocyanuric acid, increased the sensitivity of detection in comparison with pure GCE. All processes were finally implemented in a microfluidic chip formed with a 3D printer by fused deposition modelling technology. As a material for chip fabrication, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene was chosen because of its mechanical and chemical stability. The chip contained the one chamber for the hydrolysis of the nucleic acid and another for the electrochemical detection by the modified GCE. This chamber was fabricated to allow for replacement of the GCE.

A 3D microfluidic chip for electrochemical detection of hydrolysed nucleic bases by a modified glassy carbon electrode.

Science.gov (United States)

Vlachova, Jana; Tmejova, Katerina; Kopel, Pavel; Korabik, Maria; Zitka, Jan; Hynek, David; Kynicky, Jindrich; Adam, Vojtech; Kizek, Rene

2015-01-22

Modification of carbon materials, especially graphene-based materials, has wide applications in electrochemical detection such as electrochemical lab-on-chip devices. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with chemically alternated graphene oxide was used as a working electrode (glassy carbon modified by graphene oxide with sulphur containing compounds and Nafion) for detection of nucleobases in hydrolysed samples (HCl pH = 2.9, 100 °C, 1 h, neutralization by NaOH). It was found out that modification, especially with trithiocyanuric acid, increased the sensitivity of detection in comparison with pure GCE. All processes were finally implemented in a microfluidic chip formed with a 3D printer by fused deposition modelling technology. As a material for chip fabrication, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene was chosen because of its mechanical and chemical stability. The chip contained the one chamber for the hydrolysis of the nucleic acid and another for the electrochemical detection by the modified GCE. This chamber was fabricated to allow for replacement of the GCE.

Microfluidic on-chip biomimicry for 3D cell culture: a fit-for-purpose investigation from the end user standpoint.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Ye; Gill, Elisabeth; Shery Huang, Yan Yan

2017-06-01

A plethora of 3D and microfluidics-based culture models have been demonstrated in the recent years with the ultimate aim to facilitate predictive in vitro models for pharmaceutical development. This article summarizes to date the progress in the microfluidics-based tissue culture models, including organ-on-a-chip and vasculature-on-a-chip. Specific focus is placed on addressing the question of what kinds of 3D culture and system complexities are deemed desirable by the biological and biomedical community. This question is addressed through analysis of a research survey to evaluate the potential use of microfluidic cell culture models among the end users. Our results showed a willingness to adopt 3D culture technology among biomedical researchers, although a significant gap still exists between the desired systems and existing 3D culture options. With these results, key challenges and future directions are highlighted.

Microfluidic on-chip biomimicry for 3D cell culture: a fit-for-purpose investigation from the end user standpoint

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Ye; Gill, Elisabeth; Shery Huang, Yan Yan

2017-01-01

A plethora of 3D and microfluidics-based culture models have been demonstrated in the recent years with the ultimate aim to facilitate predictive in vitro models for pharmaceutical development. This article summarizes to date the progress in the microfluidics-based tissue culture models, including organ-on-a-chip and vasculature-on-a-chip. Specific focus is placed on addressing the question of what kinds of 3D culture and system complexities are deemed desirable by the biological and biomedical community. This question is addressed through analysis of a research survey to evaluate the potential use of microfluidic cell culture models among the end users. Our results showed a willingness to adopt 3D culture technology among biomedical researchers, although a significant gap still exists between the desired systems and existing 3D culture options. With these results, key challenges and future directions are highlighted. PMID:28670465

Biotinylated Photopolymers for 3D-Printed Unibody Lab-on-a-Chip Optical Platforms.

Science.gov (United States)

Credi, Caterina; Griffini, Gianmarco; Levi, Marinella; Turri, Stefano

2018-01-01

The present work reports the first demonstration of straightforward fabrication of monolithic unibody lab-on-a-chip (ULOCs) integrating bioactive micrometric 3D scaffolds by means of multimaterial stereolithography (SL). To this end, a novel biotin-conjugated photopolymer is successfully synthesized and optimally formulated to achieve high-performance SL-printing resolution, as demonstrated by the SL-fabrication of biotinylated structures smaller than 100 µm. By optimizing a multimaterial single-run SL-based 3D-printing process, such biotinylated microstructures are incorporated within perfusion microchambers whose excellent optical transparency enables real-time optical microscopy analyses. Standard biotin-binding assays confirm the existence of biotin-heads on the surfaces of the embedded 3D microstructures and allow to demonstrate that the biofunctionality of biotin is not altered during the SL-printing, thus making it exploitable for further conjugation with other biomolecules. As a step forward, an in-line optical detection system is designed, prototyped via SL-printing and serially connected to the perfusion microchambers through customized world-to-chip connectors. Such detection system is successfully employed to optically analyze the solution flowing out of the microchambers, thus enabling indirect quantification of the concentration of target interacting biomolecules. The successful application of this novel biofunctional photopolymer as SL-material enables to greatly extend the versatility of SL to directly fabricate ULOCs with intrinsic biofunctionality. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Investigation of He–W interactions using DiMES on DIII-D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doerner, R P; Rudakov, D L; Chrobak, C P; Pace, D C; Briesemeister, A R; Corr, C; Kluth, P; Thompson, M; De Temmerman, G; Pitts, R A; Lasnier, C J; McLean, A G; Schmitz, O; Winters, V

2016-01-01

Tungsten button samples were exposed to He ELMing H-mode plasma in DIII-D using 2.3 MW of electron cyclotron heating power. Prior to the exposures, the W buttons were exposed to either He, or D, plasma in PISCES-A for 2000 s at surface temperatures of 225–850 °C to create a variety of surfaces (surface blisters, subsurface nano-bubbles, fuzz). Erosion was spectroscopically measured from each DiMES sample, with the exception of the fuzzy W samples which showed almost undetectable WI emission. Post-exposure grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering surface analysis showed the formation of 1.5 nm diameter He bubbles in the surface of W buttons after only a single DIII-D (3 s, ∼150 ELMs) discharge, similar to the bubble layer resulting from the 2000 s. exposure in PISCES-A. No surface roughening, or damage, was detected on the samples after approximately 600 ELMs with energy density between 0.04–0.1 MJ m −2 . (paper)

Low Loss Nanostructured Polymers for Chip-scale Waveguide Amplifiers.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, George F R; Zhao, Xinyu; Sun, Yang; He, Chaobin; Tan, Mei Chee; Tan, Dawn T H

2017-06-13

On-chip waveguide amplifiers offer higher gain in small device sizes and better integration with photonic devices than the commonly available fiber amplifiers. However, on-chip amplifiers have yet to make its way into the mainstream due to the limited availability of materials with ideal light guiding and amplification properties. A low-loss nanostructured on-chip channel polymeric waveguide amplifier was designed, characterized, fabricated and its gain experimentally measured at telecommunication wavelength. The active polymeric waveguide core comprises of NaYF 4 :Yb,Er,Ce core-shell nanocrystals dispersed within a SU8 polymer, where the nanoparticle interfacial characteristics were tailored using hydrolyzed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) to improve particle dispersion. Both the enhanced IR emission intensity from our nanocrystals using a tri-dopant scheme and the reduced scattering losses from our excellent particle dispersion at a high solid loading of 6.0 vol% contributed to the outstanding optical performance of our polymeric waveguide. We achieved one of the highest reported gain of 6.6 dB/cm using a relatively low coupled pump power of 80 mW. These polymeric waveguide amplifiers offer greater promise for integrated optical circuits due to their processability and integration advantages which will play a key role in the emerging areas of flexible communication and optoelectronic devices.

Experiment list: SRX684266 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ere grown in 15 cm polystyrene dishes, passaged 1:20 every 5 days, Cells used in ChIP experiments were harve...nted with 10% (v/v) HyClone FBS Characterized U.S. and 1X Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco). HEK293 cultures w

Experiment list: SRX684267 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ere grown in 15 cm polystyrene dishes, passaged 1:20 every 5 days, Cells used in ChIP experiments were harve...nted with 10% (v/v) HyClone FBS Characterized U.S. and 1X Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco). HEK293 cultures w

Numerical and experimental investigation of GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes with highly reflective Ag/TiW and ITO/DBR Ohmic contacts.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Shengjun; Liu, Xingtong; Gao, Yilin; Liu, Yingce; Liu, Mengling; Liu, Zongyuan; Gui, Chengqun; Liu, Sheng

2017-10-30

We demonstrate two types of GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes (FCLEDs) with highly reflective Ag/TiW and indium-tin oxide (ITO)/distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) p-type Ohmic contacts. We show that a direct Ohmic contact to p-GaN layer using pure Ag is obtained when annealed at 600°C in N 2 ambient. A TiW diffusion barrier layer covered onto Ag is used to suppress the agglomeration of Ag and thus maintain high reflectance of Ag during high temperature annealing process. We develop a strip-shaped SiO 2 current blocking layer beneath the ITO/DBR to alleviate current crowding occurring in FCLED with ITO/DBR. Owing to negligibly small spreading resistance of Ag, however, our combined numerical and experimental results show that the FCLED with Ag/TiW has a more favorable current spreading uniformity in comparison to the FCLED with ITO/DBR. As a result, the light output power of FCLED with Ag/TiW is 7.5% higher than that of FCLED with ITO/DBR at 350 mA. The maximum output power of the FCLED with Ag/TiW obtained at 305.6 A/cm 2 is 29.3% larger than that of the FCLED with ITO/DBR obtained at 278.9 A/cm 2 . The improvement appears to be due to the enhanced current spreading and higher optical reflectance provided by the Ag/TiW.

Wood chip production technology and costs for fuel in Namibia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leinonen, A.

2007-12-15

This work has been done in the project where the main target is to evaluate the technology and economy to use bush biomass for power production in Namibia. The project has been financed by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry of the Republic of Namibia. The target of this study is to calculate the production costs of bush chips at the power plant using the current production technology and to look possibilities to develop production technology in order to mechanize production technology and to decrease the production costs. The wood production costs are used in feasibility studies, in which the technology and economy of utilization of wood chips for power generation in 5, 10 and 20 MW electric power plants and for power generation in Van Eck coal fired power plant in Windhoek are evaluated. Field tests were made at Cheetah Conservation Farm (CCF) in Otjiwarongo region. CCF is producing wood chips for briquette factory in Otjiwarongo. In the field tests it has been gathered information about this CCF semi-mechanized wood chip production technology. Also new machines for bush biomass chip production have been tested. A new mechanized production chain has been designed on the basis of this information. The production costs for the CCF semi-mechanized and the new production chain have been calculated. The target in the moisture content to produce wood chips for energy is 20 w-%. In the semi-mechanized wood chip production chain the work is done partly manually, and the supply chain is organized into crews of 4.8 men. The production chain consists of manual felling and compiling, drying, chipping with mobile chipper and manual feeding and road transport by a tractor with two trailers. The CCF production chain works well. The chipping and road transport productivity in the semimechanized production chain is low. New production machines, such as chainsaw, brush cutter, lawn mover type cutter, rotator saw in skid

60 GHz system-on-chip (SoC) with built-in memory and an on-chip antenna

KAUST Repository

Ghaffar, Farhan A.

2014-04-01

A novel 60 GHz transmitter SoC with an on-chip antenna and integrated memory in CMOS 65 nm technology is presented in this paper. This highly integrated transmitter design can support a data rate of 2 GBPS with a transmission range of 1 m. The transmitter consists of a fundamental frequency 60 GHz PLL which covers the complete ISM band. The modulator following the PLL can support both BPSK and OOK modulation schemes. Both stored data on the integrated memory or directly from an external source can be transmitted. A tapered slot on chip antenna is integrated with the power amplifier to complete the front end of the transmitter design. Size of the complete transmitter with on-chip antenna is only 1.96 mm × 1.96 mm. The core circuits consume less than 100 mW of power. The high data rate capability of the design makes it extremely suitable for bandwidth hungry applications such as unencrypted HD video streaming and transmission.

60 GHz system-on-chip (SoC) with built-in memory and an on-chip antenna

KAUST Repository

Ghaffar, Farhan A.; Arsalan, Muhammad; Cheema, Hammad; Salama, Khaled N.; Shamim, Atif

2014-01-01

A novel 60 GHz transmitter SoC with an on-chip antenna and integrated memory in CMOS 65 nm technology is presented in this paper. This highly integrated transmitter design can support a data rate of 2 GBPS with a transmission range of 1 m. The transmitter consists of a fundamental frequency 60 GHz PLL which covers the complete ISM band. The modulator following the PLL can support both BPSK and OOK modulation schemes. Both stored data on the integrated memory or directly from an external source can be transmitted. A tapered slot on chip antenna is integrated with the power amplifier to complete the front end of the transmitter design. Size of the complete transmitter with on-chip antenna is only 1.96 mm × 1.96 mm. The core circuits consume less than 100 mW of power. The high data rate capability of the design makes it extremely suitable for bandwidth hungry applications such as unencrypted HD video streaming and transmission.

Measurements of the $W$ Boson Mass with the D0 Detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes de Sa, Rafael [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

2013-01-01

In the first part, we describe what is the W boson mass in the context of the Standard Model. We discuss the prominent role this physical observable plays in the determination of the internal self consistency of the Electroweak Sector. We review measurements and calculation of the W boson mass done in past and argue about the importance and feasibility of improving the experimental determination. We give a description of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and the D0 detector, highlighting the relevant parts for the measurement described in this Dissertation. In the second part, we give a detailed description of a measurement of the W boson mass using the D0 Central Calorimeter. The measurement uses 1.68 x 10⁶ candidates from W → en decays, corresponding to 4.3 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity collected from 2006 to 2009. We measure the mass using the transverse mass, electron transverse momentum, and missing transverse energy distributions. The transverse mass and electron transverse momentum measurements are the most precise and are combined to give MW = 80.367 ± 0.013(stat) ± 0.023 (syst) GeV = 80.367 ± 0.026 GeV. This is combined with an earlier D0 result determined using an independent 1 fb^-1 data sample, also with central electrons only, to give M_W = 80.375± 0.023 GeV. The uncertainty in the measurement is dominated by the determination of the calorimeter electron energy scale, the W sample size, the knowledge of the parton distribution function. In the third part, we discuss methods of reducing the dominant uncertainties in the W boson mass measurements. We show that introducing electrons detected in the End Calorimeters greatly reduce the measurement systematic uncertainty, especially the on related to the parton distribution functions. We describe a precise calibration of the End Calorimeter using Z → ee events corresponding to 4.3 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity. The calibration is an important

Chip-based microtrap arrays for cold polar molecules

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Shunyong; Wei, Bin; Deng, Lianzhong; Yin, Jianping

2017-12-01

Compared to the atomic chip, which has been a powerful platform to perform an astonishing range of applications from rapid Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) production to the atomic clock, the molecular chip is only in its infant stages. Recently a one-dimensional electric lattice was demonstrated to trap polar molecules on a chip. This excellent work opens up the way to building a molecular chip laboratory. Here we propose a two-dimensional (2D) electric lattice on a chip with concise and robust structure, which is formed by arrays of squared gold wires. Arrays of microtraps that originate in the microsize electrodes offer a steep gradient and thus allow for confining both light and heavy polar molecules. Theoretical analysis and numerical calculations are performed using two types of sample molecules, N D3 and SrF, to justify the possibility of our proposal. The height of the minima of the potential wells is about 10 μm above the surface of the chip and can be easily adjusted in a wide range by changing the voltages applied on the electrodes. These microtraps offer intriguing perspectives for investigating cold molecules in periodic potentials, such as quantum computing science, low-dimensional physics, and some other possible applications amenable to magnetic or optical lattice. The 2D adjustable electric lattice is expected to act as a building block for a future gas-phase molecular chip laboratory.

Efficient On-chip Optical Microresonator for Optical Comb Generation: Design and Fabrication

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Kyunghun

An optical frequency comb is a series of equally spaced frequency components. It has gained much attention since Nobel physics prize was awarded John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hansch for their contribution to the optical frequency comb technique in 2005. The optical frequency comb has been extensively studied because of its precision as a tool for spectroscopy, and is now widely used in bio- and chemical sensors, optical clocks, mode-locked dark pulse generation, soliton generation, and optical communication. Recently, thanks to the developments in nanotechnology, the optical frequency comb generation is made possible at a chip-scale level with microresonators. However, because the threshold power of the optical frequency comb generation is beyond the capability of the on-chip laser source, efficient microresonator is required. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-compact and highly efficient strip-slot direct mode coupler, aiming to achieve slotted silicon microresonator cladded with nonlinear polymer Poly-DDMEBT in SOI platform. As an application of the strip-slot direct mode coupling, a double slot fiber-to-chip edge coupler is demonstrated showing 2 dB insertion loss reduction compared to the conventional single tip edge coupler. For silicon nitride platform, we investigated evanescent wave coupling of microresonator, focusing on bus waveguide geometry optimization. The optimized waveguide width offers an efficient excitation of a fundamental mode in the resonator waveguide. This investigation can benefit low threshold comb generation by enhancing the extinction ratio. We experimentally demonstrated the high Q-factor micro-ring resonator with intrinsic Q of 12.6 million as well as the single FSR comb generation with 63 mW.

ANALYSIS OF CUTTING FORCE AND CHIP MORPHOLOGY DURING HARD TURNING OF AISI D2 STEEL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

X. M. ANTHONY

2015-03-01

Full Text Available In this research work AISI D2 tool steel at a hardness of 55 HRC is being used for experimental investigation. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are the cutting parameters considered for the experimentation along with tool geometry namely, nose radius, clearance angle and rake angle. Three different cutting tool materials are used for experimentation namely multicoated carbide, cermet and ceramic inserts. The cutting force generated during the machining process is being measured using Kistler dynamometer and recorded for further evaluation. The chips produced during the machining process for every experimental trail is also collected for understanding the chip morphology. Based on the experimental data collected Analysis of Variance (ANOVA was conducted to understand the influence of all cutting parameters and tool geometry on cutting force.

Optic nerve signals in a neuromorphic chip II: Testing and results.

Science.gov (United States)

Zaghloul, Kareem A; Boahen, Kwabena

2004-04-01

Seeking to match the brain's computational efficiency, we draw inspiration from its neural circuits. To model the four main output (ganglion) cell types found in the retina, we morphed outer and inner retina circuits into a 96 x 60-photoreceptor, 3.5 x 3.3 mm2, 0.35 microm-CMOS chip. Our retinomorphic chip produces spike trains for 3600 ganglion cells (GCs), and consumes 62.7 mW at 45 spikes/s/GC. This chip, which is the first silicon retina to successfully model inner retina circuitry, approaches the spatial density of the retina. We present experimental measurements showing that the chip's subthreshold current-mode circuits realize luminance adaptation, bandpass spatiotemporal filtering, temporal adaptation and contrast gain control. The four different GC outputs produced by our chip encode light onset or offset in a sustained or transient fashion, producing a quadrature-like representation. The retinomorphic chip's circuit design is described in a companion paper [Zaghloul and Boahen (2004)].

Pre-clinical evaluation of OxyChip for long-term EPR oximetry.

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Huagang; Khan, Nadeem; Gohain, Sangeeta; Kuppusamy, M Lakshmi; Kuppusamy, Periannan

2018-03-16

Tissue oxygenation is a critical parameter in various pathophysiological situations including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Hypoxia can significantly influence the prognosis of solid malignancies and the efficacy of their treatment by radiation or chemotherapy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry is a reliable method for repeatedly assessing and monitoring oxygen levels in tissues. Lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc-BuO) has been developed as a probe for biological EPR oximetry, especially for clinical use. However, clinical applicability of LiNc-BuO crystals is hampered by potential limitations associated with biocompatibility, biodegradation, or migration of individual bare crystals in tissue. To overcome these limitations, we have embedded LiNc-BuO crystals in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an oxygen-permeable biocompatible polymer and developed an implantable/retrievable form of chip, called OxyChip. The chip was optimized for maximum spin density (40% w/w of LiNc-BuO in PDMS) and fabricated in a form suitable for implantation using an 18-G syringe needle. In vitro evaluation of the OxyChip showed that it is robust and highly oxygen sensitive. The dependence of its EPR linewidth to oxygen was linear and highly reproducible. In vivo efficacy of the OxyChip was evaluated by implanting it in rat femoris muscle and following its response to tissue oxygenation for up to 12 months. The results revealed preservation of the integrity (size and shape) and calibration (oxygen sensitivity) of the OxyChip throughout the implantation period. Further, no inflammatory or adverse reaction around the implantation area was observed thereby establishing its biocompatibility and safety. Overall, the results demonstrated that the newly-fabricated high-sensitive OxyChip is capable of providing long-term measurements of oxygen concentration in a reliable and repeated manner under clinical conditions.

Nigerian Journal of Technological Research - Vol 7, No 2 (2012)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Radio Refractivity Gradient over Nigeria using CM-SAF Satellite Retrieved Data · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. B Adeyemi, I Emmanuel. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v7i2.83782 ...

Effect of chip size on mechanical property and microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by solid state recycling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Maoliang; Ji Zesheng; Chen Xiaoyu; Zhang Zhenkao

2008-01-01

In this study, different kinds of AZ91D magnesium alloy chips were prepared by solid state recycling. Mechanical properties and microstructures of the recycled specimens were investigated. Various microstructural analyses were performed using the techniques of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and oxygen-nitrogen analysis. Microstructural observations revealed that all the recycled specimens consisted of fine grains due to dynamic recrystallization. The oxide precipitate content is closely related to the recycled chip size. Accumulated oxygen concentration linearly increases with the total surface area of the machined chips in the recycled specimens. Ambient oxide in the recycled specimen contributes to a higher ultimate tensile strength and a higher elongation to failure; however, excessive oxide in the recycled specimen may adversely affect the elongation to failure

Low-cost low-power UHF RFID tag with on-chip antenna

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xi Jingtian; Yan Na; Che Wenyi; Xu Conghui; Wang Xiao; Yang Yuqing; Jian Hongyan; Min Hao, E-mail: jtxi@fudan.edu.c [State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Auto-ID Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203 (China)

2009-07-15

This paper presents an EPC Class 1 Generation 2 compatible tag with on-chip antenna implemented in the SMIC 0.18 {mu}m standard CMOS process. The UHF tag chip includes an RF/analog front-end, a digital baseband, and a 640-bit EEPROM memory. The on-chip antenna is optimized based on a novel parasitic-aware model. The rectifier is optimized to achieve a power conversion efficiency up to 40% by applying a self-bias feedback and threshold compensation techniques. A good match between the tag circuits and the on-chip antenna is realized by adjusting the rectifier input impedance. Measurements show that the presented tag can achieve a communication range of 1 cm with 1 W reader output power using a 1 x 1 cm{sup 2} single-turn loop reader antenna.

The influence of fusion-relevant D2-0.1He plasma on Be-W mixed-materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jepu, I.; Baldwin, M.J.; Nishijima, D.; Doerner, R.P.; Porosnicu, C.; Lungu, C.P.; Dinca, P.; Marin, A.

2017-01-01

Compositionally homogeneous mixed-material layers of Be and W, ∼2 μm thick, and of various W contents (spanning 0–100 at.% W), are produced by thermionic vacuum arc deposition. The layers are exposed to low energy (∼50 eV), high ion flux (6–8 × 10 22 m −2 s −1 ) D 2 -0.1He (10% He) mixed species plasma at 473 K and 1073 K to simulate ITER-like first wall and divertor plasma-material interaction. Surface morphological and compositional analysis is conducted prior and subsequent to plasma exposure. The action of the plasma produces almost complete depletion of Be from the near surface, and this is found regardless of the exposure temperature or initial composition. In the exposure case of 473 K, thermal desorption spectrometry reveals decreased D retention in W rich compositions compared to similar exposure in D 2 plasma without He, but no discernable difference is noted in Be rich compositions. At 1073 K, surface enrichment in W, by depletion of the Be, results in He induced W “fuzz” structures for all Be-W compositions explored.

A search for right-handed dW bosons in bar pp collisions with the D0 detector at Fermilab

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldschmidt, A.

1996-01-01

This thesis reports on a search for right-handed W bosons (W R ). Data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron pp collider at √s=1.8 TeV were used to search for W R decays into an electron and a massive right-handed neutrino W R ± → e ± N R . Using the inclusive electron data, mass limits independent of the N R decay were set: m W R > 650 GeV/c 2 and m W R > 720 GeV/c 2 at the 95% confidence level, valid for m N R W R and m N R much-lt m W R respectively (assuming Standard Model couplings). The latter also represents a new lower limit on the mass of a heavy left-handed W boson (W') decaying into eν. In addition, limits on m W R valid for larger values of the N R mass were obtained assuming that N R decays to an electron and two jets. 50 refs., 58 figs., 14 tabs

Numerical Investigation of a Chip Printed Antenna Performances for Wireless Implantable Body Area Network Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Ramli, N. H.; Jaafar, H.; Lee, Y. S.

2018-03-01

Recently, wireless implantable body area network (WiBAN) system become an active area of research due to their various applications such as healthcare, support systems for specialized occupations and personal communications. Biomedical sensors networks mounted in the human body have drawn greater attention for health care monitoring systems. The implantable chip printed antenna for WiBAN applications is designed and the antenna performances is investigated in term of gain, efficiency, return loss, operating bandwidth and radiation pattern at different environments. This paper is presents the performances of implantable chip printed antenna in selected part of human body (hand, chest, leg, heart and skull). The numerical investigation is done by using human voxel model in built in the CST Microwave Studio Software. Results proved that the chip printed antenna is suitable to implant in the human hand model. The human hand model has less complex structure as it consists of skin, fat, muscle, blood and bone. Moreover, the antenna is implanted under the skin. Therefore the signal propagation path length to the base station at free space environment is considerably short. The antenna’s gain, efficiency and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) are - 13.62dBi, 1.50 % and 0.12 W/kg respectively; which confirms the safety of the antenna usage. The results of the investigations can be used as guidance while designing chip implantable antenna in future.

40 kW Stirling Engine for Solid Fuel

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlsen, Henrik; Trærup, Jens

1996-01-01

The external combustion in a Stirling engine makes it very attractive for utilisation of solid fuels in decentralised combined heat and power (CHP) plants. Only a few projects have concentrated on the development of Stirling engines specifically for biomass. In this project, a Stirling engine has...... been designed primarily for utilisation of wood chips. Maximum shaft power is 40 kW corresponding to an electric output of 36 kW. Biomass needs more space in the combustion chamber compared to gas and liquid fuels, and a large heat transfer area is necessary. The design of the new Stirling engine has...... been adapted to the special demands of combustion of wood chips, resulting in a large engine compared to engines for gas or liquid fuels. The engine has four-cylinders arranged in a square. The design is made as a hermetic unit, where the alternator is built into the pressurised crankcase so...

Samostanowienie narodów w prawie międzynarodowym

OpenAIRE

Żbikowski, Wawrzyniec

2015-01-01

W artykule omówiono zasadę samostanowienia narodów funkcjonującą w prawie międzynarodowym od momentu uchwalenia Karty Narodów Zjednoczonych. Po przedstawieniu tła historycznego ukazano źródła funkcjonowania tej zasady oraz problematykę związaną z jej podmiotowym i przedmiotowym zakresem. Dokonano tego na podstawie analizy źródeł, praktyki oraz poglądów doktryny. Podjęto też kwestię realizacji prawa do samostanowienia jako jednego z możliwych kryteriów państwowości. W końcowej części szeroko o...

Dry-film polymer waveguide for silicon photonics chip packaging.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsu, Hsiang-Han; Nakagawa, Shigeru

2014-09-22

Polymer waveguide made by dry film process is demonstrated for silicon photonics chip packaging. With 8 μm × 11.5 μm core waveguide, little penalty is observed up to 25 Gbps before or after the light propagate through a 10-km long single-mode fiber (SMF). Coupling loss to SMF is 0.24 dB and 1.31 dB at the polymer waveguide input and output ends, respectively. Alignment tolerance for 0.5 dB loss increase is +/- 1.0 μm along both vertical and horizontal directions for the coupling from the polymer waveguide to SMF. The dry-film polymer waveguide demonstrates promising performance for silicon photonics chip packaging used in next generation optical multi-chip module.

Rola leptyny w regulacji metabolizmu lipidów i węglowodanów

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrycja Gogga*

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Leptyna jest białkiem wydzielanym głównie przez tkankę tłuszczową, a jej stężenie we krwi jest ściśle związane z ilością zapasów energetycznych zgromadzonych w adipocytach. Jako hormon leptyna ma niezwykle szeroki zakres działania. Białko to bezpośrednio lub za pośrednictwem układu współczulnego bierze udział w regulacji metabolizmu energetycznego. Leptyna hamuje biosyntezę triacylogliceroli w wątrobie i tkance tłuszczowej, a także w mięśniach szkieletowych, obniżając tym samym ilość odkładanych w nich lipidów. W adipocytach leptyna zmniejsza ekspresję genów kodujących syntazę kwasów tłuszczowych (FAS i karboksylazę acetylo-CoA (ACC – główne enzymy szlaku biosyntezy kwasów tłuszczowych. Zwiększa z kolei ekspresję genu kodującego lipazę zależną od hormonów (HSL, co stymuluje hydrolizę triacylogliceroli w tkance tłuszczowej. Ponadto leptyna wzmaga utlenianie kwasów tłuszczowych w adipocytach, mięśniach szkieletowych oraz w mięśniu sercowym, wywołując wzrost ekspresji genów kodujących podstawowe dla tego procesu enzymy, palmitoilotransferazę karnitynową 1 (CPT1 i dehydrogenazę acylo-CoA o średniej długości łańcucha (MCAD. Wykazano również, że hormon ten zwiększa wrażliwość tkanek na insulinę i poprawia tolerancję glukozy – pod wpływem leptyny wzrasta transport glukozy do komórek oraz intensywność glikolizy.Wiadomo, że leptyna bierze udział w długoterminowej regulacji pobierania pokarmu, jednak coraz więcej badań wskazuje, że ma ona również wpływ na przemiany substratów energetycznych w tkankach obwodowych. Leptyna może zatem kontrolować homeostaz�� energetyczną organizmu wywołując zmiany metabolizmu lipidów i węglowodanów, przede wszystkim w tkance tłuszczowej i w mięśniach.

A Streaming PCA VLSI Chip for Neural Data Compression.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Tong; Zhao, Wenfeng; Guo, Hongsun; Lim, Hubert H; Yang, Zhi

2017-12-01

Neural recording system miniaturization and integration with low-power wireless technologies require compressing neural data before transmission. Feature extraction is a procedure to represent data in a low-dimensional space; its integration into a recording chip can be an efficient approach to compress neural data. In this paper, we propose a streaming principal component analysis algorithm and its microchip implementation to compress multichannel local field potential (LFP) and spike data. The circuits have been designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology and occupy a silicon area of 0.06 mm. Throughout the experiments, the chip compresses LFPs by 10 at the expense of as low as 1% reconstruction errors and 144-nW/channel power consumption; for spikes, the achieved compression ratio is 25 with 8% reconstruction errors and 3.05-W/channel power consumption. In addition, the algorithm and its hardware architecture can swiftly adapt to nonstationary spiking activities, which enables efficient hardware sharing among multiple channels to support a high-channel count recorder.

Rapid prototyping of solar-powered, battery-operated, atmospheric-pressure, sugar-cube size microplasma on hybrid, 3D chips for elemental analysis of liquid microsamples using a portable optical emission spectrometer

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, X.; Karanassios, V.

2012-06-01

A solar-powered, battery-operated, atmospheric-pressure, self-igniting microplasma the size of a sugar-cube developed on a hybrid, 3d-chip is described. Rapid prototyping of the 3d-chip; some fundamental aspects and a brief characterization of its background spectral emission using a portable, fiber-optic spectrometer are discussed.

Measuring the attenuation length of water in the CHIPS-M water Cherenkov detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amat, F.; Bizouard, P. [Aix Marseille University Saint-Jerome, 13013 Marseille (France); Bryant, J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom); Carroll, T.J.; Rijck, S. De [Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Germani, S. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom); Joyce, T. [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); Kriesten, B. [Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 (United States); Marshak, M.; Meier, J. [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); Nelson, J.K. [Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 (United States); Perch, A.J.; Pfützner, M.M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom); Salazar, R. [Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Thomas, J., E-mail: jennifer.thomas@ucl.ac.uk [Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom); Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Trokan-Tenorio, J. [Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Vahle, P. [Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 (United States); Wade, R. [Avenir Consulting, Abingdon, Oxfordshire (United Kingdom); Wendt, C. [Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Whitehead, L.H. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom); and others

2017-02-01

The water at the proposed site of the CHIPS water Cherenkov detector has been studied to measure its attenuation length for Cherenkov light as a function of filtering time. A scaled model of the CHIPS detector filled with water from the Wentworth 2W pit, proposed site of the CHIPS deployment, in conjunction with a 3.2 m vertical column filled with this water, was used to study the transmission of 405 nm laser light. Results consistent with attenuation lengths of up to 100 m were observed for this wavelength with filtration and UV sterilization alone.

W-geometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hull, C.M.

1993-01-01

The geometric structure of theories with gauge fields of spins two and higher should involve a higher spin generalisation of Riemannian geometry. Such geometries are discussed and the case of W ∝ -gravity is analysed in detail. While the gauge group for gravity in d dimensions is the diffeomorphism group of the space-time, the gauge group for a certain W-gravity theory (which is W ∝ -gravity in the case d=2) is the group of symplectic diffeomorphisms of the cotangent bundle of the space-time. Gauge transformations for W-gravity gauge fields are given by requiring the invariance of a generalised line element. Densities exist and can be constructed from the line element (generalising √detg μν ) only if d=1 or d=2, so that only for d=1,2 can actions be constructed. These two cases and the corresponding W-gravity actions are considered in detail. In d=2, the gauge group is effectively only a subgroup of the symplectic diffeomorphisms group. Some of the constraints that arise for d=2 are similar to equations arising in the study of self-dual four-dimensional geometries and can be analysed using twistor methods, allowing contact to be made with other formulations of W-gravity. While the twistor transform for self-dual spaces with one Killing vector reduces to a Legendre transform, that for two Killing vectors gives a generalisation of the Legendre transform. (orig.)

Isotachophoresis of proteins in a networked microfluidic chip: experiment and 2-D simulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Huanchun; Dutta, Prashanta; Ivory, Cornelius F

2007-04-01

This paper reports both the experimental application and 2-D simulation of ITP of proteins in a networked microfluidic chip. Experiments demonstrate that a mixture of three fluorescent proteins can be concentrated and stacked into adjacent zones of pure protein under a constant voltage of 100 V over a 2 cm long microchannel. Measurements of the isotachophoretic velocity of the moving zones demonstrates that, during ITP under a constant voltage, the zone velocity decreases as more of the channel is occupied by the terminating electrolyte. A 2-D ITP model based on the Nernst-Planck equations illustrates the stacking and separation features of ITP using simulations of three virtual proteins. The self-sharpening behavior of ITP zones dispersed by a T-junction is clearly demonstrated both by experiment and by simulation. Comparison of 2-D simulations of ITP and zone electrophoresis (ZE) confirms that ZE lacks the ability to resharpen protein zones after they pass through a T-junction.

D. W. Griffith's Controversial Film, "The Birth of a Nation."

Science.gov (United States)

Pitcher, Conrad

1999-01-01

Presents a lesson plan that enables students to investigate race relations during the Progressive Era by analyzing D. W. Griffith's "The Birth of a Nation" and the controversy surrounding the release of the film. Explores the pros and cons of using motion pictures as teaching tool. Includes two student handouts. (CMK)

A Low-Power Integrated Humidity CMOS Sensor by Printing-on-Chip Technology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang-Hung Lee

2014-05-01

Full Text Available A low-power, wide-dynamic-range integrated humidity sensing chip is implemented using a printable polymer sensing material with an on-chip pulse-width-modulation interface circuit. By using the inkjet printing technique, poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate that has humidity sensing features can be printed onto the top metal layer of a 0.35 μm CMOS IC. The developed printing-on-chip humidity sensor achieves a heterogeneous three dimensional sensor system-on-chip architecture. The humidity sensing of the implemented printing-on-chip sensor system is experimentally tested. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 0.98% to humidity in the atmosphere. The maximum dynamic range of the readout circuit is 9.8 MΩ, which can be further tuned by the frequency of input signal to fit the requirement of the resistance of printed sensor. The power consumption keeps only 154 μW. This printing-on-chip sensor provides a practical solution to fulfill an ultra-small integrated sensor for the applications in miniaturized sensing systems.

A low-power integrated humidity CMOS sensor by printing-on-chip technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Chang-Hung; Chuang, Wen-Yu; Cowan, Melissa A; Wu, Wen-Jung; Lin, Chih-Ting

2014-05-23

A low-power, wide-dynamic-range integrated humidity sensing chip is implemented using a printable polymer sensing material with an on-chip pulse-width-modulation interface circuit. By using the inkjet printing technique, poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate that has humidity sensing features can be printed onto the top metal layer of a 0.35 μm CMOS IC. The developed printing-on-chip humidity sensor achieves a heterogeneous three dimensional sensor system-on-chip architecture. The humidity sensing of the implemented printing-on-chip sensor system is experimentally tested. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 0.98% to humidity in the atmosphere. The maximum dynamic range of the readout circuit is 9.8 MΩ, which can be further tuned by the frequency of input signal to fit the requirement of the resistance of printed sensor. The power consumption keeps only 154 μW. This printing-on-chip sensor provides a practical solution to fulfill an ultra-small integrated sensor for the applications in miniaturized sensing systems.

Experiment list: SRX150562 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available -Barr Virus 57294082,73.4,6.6,1909 GSM935483: Harvard ChipSeq GM12878 ZZZ3 std source_name=GM12878 || biomat...rd || lab description=Struhl - Harvard University || datatype=ChipSeq || datatype d...erial_provider=Coriell; http://ccr.coriell.org/Sections/Search/Search.aspx?PgId=165&q=GM12878 || lab=Harva

Experiment list: SRX688848 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available d prostate cancer cell line || treatment=vehicle || chip antibody=rabbit anti-ASH... prostate cancer cells, vehicle, ASH2 ChIP || cell line=VCaP || cell type=vertebral metastatic lesion-derive...agnosis=Carcinoma 25750434,89.3,6.2,7152 GSM1489926: vcap ash2l veh; Homo sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=VCaP

Low-cost and versatile thermal test chip for power assemblies assessment and thermometric calibration purposes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jorda, X.; Perpina, X.; Vellvehi, M.; Madrid, F.; Flores, D.; Hidalgo, S.; Millan, J.

2011-01-01

Chips specifically designed for thermal tests such as the assessment of packages, are of main interest in Microelectronics. Nevertheless, these test dies are required in relatively low quantities and their price is a limiting factor. This work describes a low-cost thermal test chip, specifically developed for the needs of power electronics. It is based on a poly-silicon heating resistor and a decoupled Pt temperature sensing resistor on the top, allowing to dissipate more than 60 W (170 W/cm 2 ) and reaching temperatures up to 200 o C. Its simple structure allows an easy simulation and modeling. These features have been taken in profit for packaging materials assessment, calibration of temperature measurement apparatus and methods, and validation of thermal models and simulations. - Highlights: → We describe a low-cost thermal test chip developed for power electronics applications. → It integrates a poly-silicon heating resistor and a Pt temperature sensing resistor on the top. → It can dissipate up to 200 W/cm 2 and work up to 200 o C. → It has been used for thermal resistance and conductivity measurement of substrates. → It allowed also the calibration of advanced thermometric equipments.

AC electric field induced dipole-based on-chip 3D cell rotation.

Science.gov (United States)

Benhal, Prateek; Chase, J Geoffrey; Gaynor, Paul; Oback, Björn; Wang, Wenhui

2014-08-07

The precise rotation of suspended cells is one of the many fundamental manipulations used in a wide range of biotechnological applications such as cell injection and enucleation in nuclear transfer (NT) cloning. Noticeably scarce among the existing rotation techniques is the three-dimensional (3D) rotation of cells on a single chip. Here we present an alternating current (ac) induced electric field-based biochip platform, which has an open-top sub-mm square chamber enclosed by four sidewall electrodes and two bottom electrodes, to achieve rotation about the two axes, thus 3D cell rotation. By applying an ac potential to the four sidewall electrodes, an in-plane (yaw) rotating electric field is generated and in-plane rotation is achieved. Similarly, by applying an ac potential to two opposite sidewall electrodes and the two bottom electrodes, an out-of-plane (pitch) rotating electric field is generated and rolling rotation is achieved. As a prompt proof-of-concept, bottom electrodes were constructed with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) using the standard lift-off process and the sidewall electrodes were constructed using a low-cost micro-milling process and then assembled to form the chip. Through experiments, we demonstrate rotation of bovine oocytes of ~120 μm diameter about two axes, with the capability of controlling the rotation direction and the rate for each axis through control of the ac potential amplitude, frequency, and phase shift, and cell medium conductivity. The maximum observed rotation rate reached nearly 140° s⁻¹, while a consistent rotation rate reached up to 40° s⁻¹. Rotation rate spectra for zona pellucida-intact and zona pellucida-free oocytes were further compared and found to have no effective difference. This simple, transparent, cheap-to-manufacture, and open-top platform allows additional functional modules to be integrated to become a more powerful cell manipulation system.

Role of combined DWIBS/3D-CE-T1w whole-body MRI in tumor staging: Comparison with PET-CT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manenti, Guglielmo; Cicciò, Carmelo; Squillaci, Ettore; Strigari, Lidia; Calabria, Ferdinando; Danieli, Roberta

2012-01-01

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic performance of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) by diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) in malignant tumor detection and the potential diagnostic advantages in generating fused DWIBS/3D-contrast enhanced T1w (3D-CE-T1w) images. Methods: 45 cancer patients underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT and WB-MRI for staging purpose. Fused DWIBS/3D-CE T1w images were generated off-line. 3D-CE-T1w, DWIBS images alone and fused with 3D-CE T1w were compared by two readers groups for detection of primary diseases and local/distant metastases. Diagnostic performance between the three WB-MRI data sets was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Imaging exams and histopathological results were used as standard of references. Results: Areas under the ROC curves of DWIBS vs. 3D-CE-T1w vs. both sequences in fused fashion were 0.97, 0.978, and 1.00, respectively. The diagnostic performance in tumor detection of fused DWIBS/3D-CE-T1w images were statistically superior to DWIBS (p < 0.001) and 3D-CE-T1w (p ≤ 0.002); while the difference between DWIBS and 3D-CE-T1w did not show statistical significance difference. Detection rates of malignancy did not differ between WB-MRI with DWIBS and 18F-FDG PET-CT. Conclusion: WB-MRI with DWIBS is to be considered as alternative tool to conventional whole-body methods for tumor staging and during follow-up in cancer patients.

A UHF RFID system with on-chip-antenna tag for short range communication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng Qi; Zhang Chun; Zhao Xijin; Wang Zhihua

2015-01-01

A UHF RF identification system based on the 0.18 μm CMOS process has been developed for short range and harsh size requirement applications, which is composed of a fully integrated tag and a special reader. The whole tag chip with the antenna takes up an area of 0.36 mm 2 , which is smaller than other reported tags with an on-chip antenna (OCA) using the standard CMOS process. A self-defined protocol is proposed to reduce the power consumption, and minimize the size of the tag. The specialized SOC reader system consists of the RF transceiver, digital baseband, MCU and host interface. Its power consumption is about 500 mW. Measurement results show that the system's reading range is 2 mm with 20 dBm reader output power. With an inductive antenna printed on a paper substrate around the OCA tag, the reading range can be extended from several centimeters to meters, depending on the shape and size of the inductive antenna. (paper)

The influence of fusion-relevant D{sub 2}-0.1He plasma on Be-W mixed-materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jepu, I., E-mail: ionut.jepu@inflpr.ro [National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, NILPRP, Magurele (Romania); Baldwin, M.J.; Nishijima, D.; Doerner, R.P. [Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); Porosnicu, C.; Lungu, C.P. [National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, NILPRP, Magurele (Romania); Dinca, P. [National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, NILPRP, Magurele (Romania); University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Magurele, Bucharest (Romania); Marin, A. [Institute of Physical Chemistry, “Ilie Murgulescu”, Bucharest (Romania); Institute for Nuclear Research, Mioveni, Arges (Romania)

2017-02-15

Compositionally homogeneous mixed-material layers of Be and W, ∼2 μm thick, and of various W contents (spanning 0–100 at.% W), are produced by thermionic vacuum arc deposition. The layers are exposed to low energy (∼50 eV), high ion flux (6–8 × 10{sup 22} m{sup −2} s{sup −1}) D{sub 2}-0.1He (10% He) mixed species plasma at 473 K and 1073 K to simulate ITER-like first wall and divertor plasma-material interaction. Surface morphological and compositional analysis is conducted prior and subsequent to plasma exposure. The action of the plasma produces almost complete depletion of Be from the near surface, and this is found regardless of the exposure temperature or initial composition. In the exposure case of 473 K, thermal desorption spectrometry reveals decreased D retention in W rich compositions compared to similar exposure in D{sub 2} plasma without He, but no discernable difference is noted in Be rich compositions. At 1073 K, surface enrichment in W, by depletion of the Be, results in He induced W “fuzz” structures for all Be-W compositions explored.

Chip-to-chip SnO2 nanowire network sensors for room temperature H2 detection

Science.gov (United States)

Köck, A.; Brunet, E.; Mutinati, G. C.; Maier, T.; Steinhauer, S.

2012-06-01

The employment of nanowires is a very powerful strategy to improve gas sensor performance. We demonstrate a gas sensor device, which is based on silicon chip-to-chip synthesis of ultralong tin oxide (SnO2) nanowires. The sensor device employs an interconnected SnO2 nanowire network configuration, which exhibits a huge surface-to-volume ratio and provides full access of the target gas to the nanowires. The chip-to-chip SnO2 nanowire device is able to detect a H2 concentration of only 20 ppm in synthetic air with ~ 60% relative humidity at room temperature. At an operating temperature of 300°C a concentration of 50 ppm H2 results in a sensitivity of 5%. At this elevated temperature the sensor shows a linear response in a concentration range between 10 ppm and 100 ppm H2. The SnO2-nanowire fabrication procedure based on spray pyrolysis and subsequent annealing is performed at atmospheric pressure, requires no vacuum and allows upscale of the substrate to a wafer size. 3D-integration with CMOS chips is proposed as viable way for practical realization of smart nanowire based gas sensor devices for the consumer market.

Medicaid and CHIP Provide Coverage to More than Half of All Children in D.C. Policy Snapshot

Science.gov (United States)

DC Action for Children, 2011

2011-01-01

Medicaid and CHIP are crucial parts of the social safety net, providing health insurance coverage to more than half of all children ages 0-21 in D.C. and a third of children nationally. Without these two programs, more than 97,000 children in the District would have been uninsured in 2010. New research indicates that compared with the uninsured,…

Fully Automated On-Chip Imaging Flow Cytometry System with Disposable Contamination-Free Plastic Re-Cultivation Chip

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomoyuki Kaneko

2011-06-01

Full Text Available We have developed a novel imaging cytometry system using a poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA based microfluidic chip. The system was contamination-free, because sample suspensions contacted only with a flammable PMMA chip and no other component of the system. The transparency and low-fluorescence of PMMA was suitable for microscopic imaging of cells flowing through microchannels on the chip. Sample particles flowing through microchannels on the chip were discriminated by an image-recognition unit with a high-speed camera in real time at the rate of 200 event/s, e.g., microparticles 2.5 μm and 3.0 μm in diameter were differentiated with an error rate of less than 2%. Desired cells were separated automatically from other cells by electrophoretic or dielectrophoretic force one by one with a separation efficiency of 90%. Cells in suspension with fluorescent dye were separated using the same kind of microfluidic chip. Sample of 5 μL with 1 × 106 particle/mL was processed within 40 min. Separated cells could be cultured on the microfluidic chip without contamination. The whole operation of sample handling was automated using 3D micropipetting system. These results showed that the novel imaging flow cytometry system is practically applicable for biological research and clinical diagnostics.

Kontrola wewnętrzna w jednostkach realizującychzadania publiczne – przegląd zalecanych praktyk

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joanna Dyczkowska

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Międzynarodowa Organizacja Najwyższych Organów Kontroli (INTOSAI wydała w 2004 roku dokument zawierający wytyczne w zakresie tworzenia systemów kontroli wewnętrznej w jednostkach sektora publicznego. Wraz z raportami COSO oraz standardami opracowanymi przez Dyrekcję Generalną do spraw Budżetu Komisji Europejskiej akt ten stał się podstawą dla sporządzenia polskich standardów kontroli wewnętrznej w jednostkach realizujących zadania publiczne. Mając na uwadze dokument INTOSAI oraz inne źródła literaturowe, w niniejszym artykule przedstawiono rekomendacje dla tworzenia systemów kontroli wewnętrznej w jednostkach realizujących zadania publiczne. W jego pierwszej części opisano istotę kontroli wewnętrznej. W sposób kompleksowy uwydatniono jej cele, wskazano osoby odpowiedzialne za jej sprawowanie oraz zakres ich odpowiedzialności, zasygnalizowano też potencjalne źródła zagrożeń dla efektywności systemu kontroli wewnętrznej. W drugiej części przedstawiono poszczególne elementy systemu kontroli wewnętrznej, a więc jej środowisko, zarządzanie ryzykiem, działania kontrolne, przepływ informacji i komunikację oraz monitoring. Zaprezentowano również przykładowe zestawy pytań wspomagających audytora wewnętrznego w badaniu systemu kontroli wewnętrznej w jednostce realizującej zadania publiczne.

A passive UHF RFID tag chip with a dual-resolution temperature sensor in a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Peng; Zhang Qi; Wu Nanjian

2011-01-01

This paper presents a passive EPC Gen-2 UHF RFID tag chip with a dual-resolution temperature sensor. The chip tag integrates a temperature sensor, an RF/analog front-end circuit, an NVM memory and a digital baseband in a standard CMOS process. The sensor with a low power sigma—delta (ΣΔ) ADC is designed to operate in low and high resolution modes. It can not only achieve the target accuracy but also reduce the power consumption and the sensing time. A CMOS-only RF rectifier and a single-poly non-volatile memory (NVM) are designed to realize a low cost tag chip. The 192-bit-NVM tag chip with an area of 1 mm 2 is implemented in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. The sensitivity of the tag is −10.7 dBm/−8.4 dBm when the sensor is disabled/enabled. It achieves a maximum reading/sensing distance of 4 m/3.1 m at 2 W EIRP. The inaccuracy of the sensor is −0.6 °C/0.5 °C (−1.0 °C/1.2 °C) in the operating range from 5 to 15 °C in high resolution mode (−30 to 50 °C in low resolution mode). The resolution of the sensor achieves 0.02 °C (0.18 °C) in high (low) resolution mode. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

3D on-chip microscopy of optically cleared tissue

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yibo; Shin, Yoonjung; Sung, Kevin; Yang, Sam; Chen, Harrison; Wang, Hongda; Teng, Da; Rivenson, Yair; Kulkarni, Rajan P.; Ozcan, Aydogan

2018-02-01

Traditional pathology relies on tissue biopsy, micro-sectioning, immunohistochemistry and microscopic imaging, which are relatively expensive and labor-intensive, and therefore are less accessible in resource-limited areas. Low-cost tissue clearing techniques, such as the simplified CLARITY method (SCM), are promising to potentially reduce the cost of disease diagnosis by providing 3D imaging and phenotyping of thicker tissue samples with simpler preparation steps. However, the mainstream imaging approach for cleared tissue, fluorescence microscopy, suffers from high-cost, photobleaching and signal fading. As an alternative approach to fluorescence, here we demonstrate 3D imaging of SCMcleared tissue using on-chip holography, which is based on pixel-super-resolution and multi-height phase recovery algorithms to digitally compute the sample's amplitude and phase images at various z-slices/depths through the sample. The tissue clearing procedures and the lens-free imaging system were jointly optimized to find the best illumination wavelength, tissue thickness, staining solution pH, and the number of hologram heights to maximize the imaged tissue volume, minimize the amount of acquired data, while maintaining a high contrast-to-noise ratio for the imaged cells. After this optimization, we achieved 3D imaging of a 200-μm thick cleared mouse brain tissue over a field-of-view of based microscope (20× 0.75NA). Moreover, the lens-free microscope achieves an order-of-magnitude better data efficiency compared to its lens-based counterparts for volumetric imaging of samples. The presented low-cost and high-throughput lens-free tissue imaging technique enabled by CLARITY can be used in various biomedical applications in low-resource-settings.

A 3D Human Renal Cell Carcinoma-on-a-Chip for the Study of Tumor Angiogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Chris P; Tsuchida, Connor; Zheng, Ying; Himmelfarb, Jonathan; Akilesh, Shreeram

2018-06-01

Tractable human tissue-engineered 3D models of cancer that enable fine control of tumor growth, metabolism, and reciprocal interactions between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment promise to accelerate cancer research and pharmacologic testing. Progress to date mostly reflects the use of immortalized cancer cell lines, and progression to primary patient-derived tumor cells is needed to realize the full potential of these platforms. For the first time, we report endothelial sprouting induced by primary patient tumor cells in a 3D microfluidic system. Specifically, we have combined primary human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells from six independent donors with human endothelial cells in a vascularized, flow-directed, 3D culture system ("ccRCC-on-a-chip"). The upregulation of key angiogenic factors in primary human ccRCC cells, which exhibited unique patterns of donor variation, was further enhanced when they were cultured in 3D clusters. When embedded in the matrix surrounding engineered human vessels, these ccRCC tumor clusters drove potent endothelial cell sprouting under continuous flow, thus recapitulating the critical angiogenic signaling axis between human ccRCC cells and endothelial cells. Importantly, this phenotype was driven by a primary tumor cell-derived biochemical gradient of angiogenic growth factor accumulation that was subject to pharmacological blockade. Our novel 3D system represents a vascularized tumor model that is easy to image and quantify and is fully tunable in terms of input cells, perfusate, and matrices. We envision that this ccRCC-on-a-chip will be valuable for mechanistic studies, for studying tumor-vascular cell interactions, and for developing novel and personalized antitumor therapies. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comprehensive Study of Microgel Electrode for On-Chip Electrophoretic Cell Sorting

Science.gov (United States)

Hattori, Akihiro; Yasuda, Kenji

2010-06-01

We have developed an on-chip cell sorting system and microgel electrode for applying electrostatic force in microfluidic pathways in the chip. The advantages of agarose electrodes are 1) current-driven electrostatic force generation, 2) stability against pH change and chemicals, and 3) no bubble formation caused by electrolysis. We examined the carrier ion type and concentration dependence of microgel electrode impedance, and found that CoCl2 has less than 1/10 of the impedance from NaCl, and the reduction of the impedance of NaCl gel electrode was plateaued at 0.5 M. The structure control of the microgel electrode exploiting the surface tension of sol-state agarose was also introduced. The addition of 1% (w/v) trehalose into the microgel electrode allowed the frozen storage of the microgel electrode chip. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of our system and microgel electrode for practical applications in microfluidic chips.

Deskrypcja długości i szerokości stóp kobiet i mężczyzn w obciążeniu masą własną, w wieku od 4 do 18 lat w świetle mory projekcyjnej

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirosław Mrozkowiak

2015-09-01

Mirosław Mrozkowiak   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Bydgoszcz e-mail: magmar54@interia.pl, strona: http://wadypostawy.republika.pl   Słowa kluczowe: długość i szerokość stopy.   Streszczenie   Wstęp. Długość i szerokość stopy to cechy, których przyśpieszony wzrost w okresie pokwitania pojawia się najwcześniej. U chłopców przypada na okres między 12,5 a13 r.ż., wg innych doniesień długość i szerokość stopy u chłopców wzrasta do 18 r.ż. Z wiekiem stopa zmienia się z szerokiej i krótkiej u noworodków, do pośredniej u dzieci starszych. Cel. Określenie przebiegu zmian średnich wartości długości i szerokości stóp, okresów gwałtownego wzrostu i spowolnienia przyrostu badanych parametrów w grupie dziewcząt i chłopców w wieku od 4 do 18 lat. Materiał i metodyka. Pomiarami długości i szerokości stóp objęto populację 9804 dziewcząt i 8699 chłopców w wieku od 4 do 18 lat, z losowo wybranych przedszkoli i szkół regionu warmińsko–mazurskiego. Do oceny wykorzystano stanowisko do komputerowej oceny postawy ciała, techniką mory projekcyjnej. Wyniki. Krzywa średnich wartości długości stóp obojga płci ma bardzo zbliżony przebieg  do wykresu właściwej płci. Krzywa rozpoczyna się wartością P: 168,2, L:168,22 mm, kończy P: 238,0, L:233,3 mm. W 14 r.ż. występuje obniżenie wartości do P: 214,68, L:209,91 mm. Szerokość posiada wartość początkową P: 62,99, L:64,92 mm, końcową P: 90,8, L:90,18 mm. W 14 r.ż. występuje załamanie do wartości P: 81,82, L:82,39 mm. Wnioski     1. Przyrost długości i szerokości stóp populacji żeńskiej i męskiej od 4 do 18 r.ż. jest równomiernie intensywny, przy czym w 14 r.ż. następuje spowolnienie przyrostu wielkości badanych cech.     2. Przebieg zmian średnich wielkości długości i szerokości stopy w wieku od 4 do 18 lat regionu warmińsko – mazurskiego nie znajduje w pełni potwierdzenia w badaniach metod

Lab-on a-Chip

Science.gov (United States)

1999-01-01

Labs on chips are manufactured in many shapes and sizes and can be used for numerous applications, from medical tests to water quality monitoring to detecting the signatures of life on other planets. The eight holes on this chip are actually ports that can be filled with fluids or chemicals. Tiny valves control the chemical processes by mixing fluids that move in the tiny channels that look like lines, connecting the ports. Scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama designed this chip to grow biological crystals on the International Space Station (ISS). Through this research, they discovered that this technology is ideally suited for solving the challenges of the Vision for Space Exploration. For example, thousands of chips the size of dimes could be loaded on a Martian rover looking for biosignatures of past or present life. Other types of chips could be placed in handheld devices used to monitor microbes in water or to quickly conduct medical tests on astronauts. The portable, handheld Lab-on-a Chip Application Development Portable Test System (LOCAD-PTS) made its debut flight aboard Discovery during the STS-116 mission launched December 9, 2006. The system allowed crew members to monitor their environment for problematic contaminants such as yeast, mold, and even E.coli, and salmonella. Once LOCAD-PTS reached the ISS, the Marshall team continued to manage the experiment, monitoring the study from a console in the Payload Operations Center at MSFC. The results of these studies will help NASA researchers refine the technology for future Moon and Mars missions. (NASA/MSFC/D.Stoffer)

Brytyjskie analizy z obszaru stosunków międzynarodowych – przegląd 2015 roku.

OpenAIRE

Jędrowiak, Patryk

2016-01-01

Niniejszy materiał stanowi przegląd artykułów opublikowanych w roku 2015 na łamach brytyjskich czasopism naukowych z obszaru stosunków międzynarodowych. Autor dokonał wyboru tekstów z 16 wydań czasopism: „International Affairs”, „The British Journal of Politics and International Relations” oraz „The Political Quarterly”. Prezentowane artykuły zostały przeanalizowane w ramach grup tematycznych takich jak: konflikt ukraiński, kwestie bliskowschodnie, polityka migracyjna, polityka brytyjska oraz...

A 240W Monolithic Class-D Audio Amplifier Output Stage

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nyboe, Flemming; Kaya, Cetin; Risbo, Lars

2006-01-01

A single-channel class-D audio amplifier output stage outputs 240W undipped into 4Omega 0.1% open-loop THD+N allows using the device in a fully-digital audio signal path with no feedback. The output current capability is plusmn18A and the part is fabricated in a 0.4mum/1.8mum high-voltage Bi...

Przezskórna elektrostymulacja nerwów (TENS w leczeniu zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego = Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS in the treatment of low back pain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Weber-Rajek

2016-03-01

    Streszczenie Wstęp Bóle kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego są poważnym problemem medycznym i społecznym. Fizjoterapia jest nieodzownym elementem leczenia zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa. Metodą, która zdobywa coraz większe uznanie wśród fizjoterapeutów, a także wśród pacjentów jest stymulacja TENS (transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation. Cel badań Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena skuteczności terapii TENS w terapii zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Materiał i Metody Badania przeprowadzono w grupie czterdziestu pacjentów w wieku 30 - 60 lat (średnia wieku 45 lat. Bezpośrednio przed oraz po zakończeniu terapii u wszystkich pacjentów wykonano: ocenę dolegliwości bólowych przy użyciu skali VAS, ocenę natężenia i częstotliwości bólu, ilości stosowanych leków przeciwbólowych, ograniczenia aktywności ruchowej przy użyciu kwestionariusza Laitinena, test Schobera oceniający zakres zgięcia kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Analizę statystyczną przeprowadzono wykorzystując pakiet PQStat wersja 1.4.8. Normalność rozkładu zmiennych sprawdzano testem Shapiro-Wilka. W celu porównania wyników otrzymanych w testach przed terapią z wynikami otrzymanymi po terapii  przeprowadzono test Wilcoxona na poziomie istotności α = 0,05. Wyniki Uzyskano istotne statystycznie zmniejszenie intensywności i częstotliwości bólu, zmniejszenie ilości stosowanych leków przeciwbólowych, zmniejszenie ograniczenia aktywności ruchowej oraz zwiększenie zakresu zgięcia kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Wnioski Stymulacja TENS jest skutecznym zabiegiem w leczeniu zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego.   Słowa kluczowe: przezskórna stymulacja nerwów (TENS, zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego.   Summary Introduction Low back pain is a serious medical and social problem. Physiotherapy is the indispensable component of treatment of back pains. A method that is

Modeling of fuel retention in the pre-damaged tungsten with MeV W ions after exposure to D plasma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhenhou Wang

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Modeling of high-Z ion irradiated-induced damages on fuel retention inside tungsten (W material has been performed in this work. The upgraded Hydrogen Isotope Inventory Processes Code (HIIPC is applied to model the deuterium (D retention inside pre-damaged W during exposed to low-energy D flux, and the W is pre-irradiated by 20 MeV W-ion before exposed to D flux. Three types of trap, i.e. mono-vacancies, dislocations and grain boundary vacancies, are considered in the present model. The mono-vacancy defects induced by energetic W ions are calculated by SRIM code. First, the model is validated against the available experimental data under the same D flux exposure conditions, showing the reasonable agreement. Then, the effect of radiation-induced defects produced by pre-exposed energetic W-ion with different energy and fluence on the fuel retention are studied, confirming that the irradiation-induced traps play a dominated role on the fuel retention in the surface of the material (∼ micrometer. Finally, the effects of different type of defect, D fluence, and wall temperature on the fuel retention are discussed systemically, and these modeling results are in well agreement with the previous studies.

A primary battery-on-a-chip using monolayer graphene

Science.gov (United States)

Iost, Rodrigo M.; Crespilho, Frank N.; Kern, Klaus; Balasubramanian, Kannan

2016-07-01

We present here a bottom-up approach for realizing on-chip on-demand batteries starting out with chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene. Single graphene monolayers contacted by electrode lines on a silicon chip serve as electrodes. The anode and cathode are realized by electrodeposition of zinc and copper respectively onto graphene, leading to the realization of a miniature graphene-based Daniell cell on a chip. The electrolyte is housed partly in a gel and partly in liquid form in an on-chip enclosure molded using a 3d printer or made out of poly(dimethylsiloxane). The realized batteries provide a stable voltage (∼1.1 V) for many hours and exhibit capacities as high as 15 μAh, providing enough power to operate a pocket calculator. The realized batteries show promise for deployment as on-chip power sources for autonomous systems in lab-on-a-chip or biomedical applications.

Development of Readout Interconnections for the Si-W Calorimeter of SiD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woods, M.; Fields, R.G.; Holbrook, B.; Lander, R.L.; Moskaleva, A.; Neher, C.; Pasner, J.; Tripathi, M.; /UC, Davis; Brau, J.E.; Frey, R.E.; Strom, D.; /Oregon U.; Breidenbach, M.; Freytag, D.; Haller, G.; Herbst, R.; Nelson, T.; /SLAC; Schier, S.; Schumm, B.; /UC, Santa Cruz

2012-09-14

The SiD collaboration is developing a Si-W sampling electromagnetic calorimeter, with anticipated application for the International Linear Collider. Assembling the modules for such a detector will involve special bonding technologies for the interconnections, especially for attaching a silicon detector wafer to a flex cable readout bus. We review the interconnect technologies involved, including oxidation removal processes, pad surface preparation, solder ball selection and placement, and bond quality assurance. Our results show that solder ball bonding is a promising technique for the Si-W ECAL, and unresolved issues are being addressed.

Silicon Chip-to-Chip Mode-Division Multiplexing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baumann, Jan Markus; Porto da Silva, Edson; Ding, Yunhong

2018-01-01

A chip-to-chip mode-division multiplexing connection is demonstrated using a pair of multiplexers/demultiplexers fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator platform. Successful mode multiplexing and demultiplexing is experimentally demonstrated, using the LP01, LP11a and LP11b modes.......A chip-to-chip mode-division multiplexing connection is demonstrated using a pair of multiplexers/demultiplexers fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator platform. Successful mode multiplexing and demultiplexing is experimentally demonstrated, using the LP01, LP11a and LP11b modes....

Characterisation of capacitively coupled HV/HR-CMOS sensor chips for the CLIC vertex detector

Science.gov (United States)

Kremastiotis, I.

2017-12-01

The capacitive coupling between an active sensor and a readout ASIC has been considered in the framework of the CLIC vertex detector study. The CLICpix Capacitively Coupled Pixel Detector (C3PD) is a High-Voltage CMOS sensor chip produced in a commercial 180 nm HV-CMOS process for this purpose. The sensor was designed to be connected to the CLICpix2 readout chip. It therefore matches the dimensions of the readout chip, featuring a matrix of 128×128 square pixels with 25μm pitch. The sensor chip has been produced with the standard value for the substrate resistivity (~20 Ωcm) and it has been characterised in standalone testing mode, before receiving and testing capacitively coupled assemblies. The standalone measurement results show a rise time of ~20 ns for a power consumption of 5μW/pixel. Production of the C3PD HV-CMOS sensor chip with higher substrate resistivity wafers (~20, 80, 200 and 1000 Ωcm) is foreseen. The expected benefits of the higher substrate resistivity will be studied using future assemblies with the readout chip.

Energy level properties of 4p64d3, 4p64d24f, and 4p54d4 configurations of the W35+ ion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bogdanovich, P.; Kisielius, R.

2014-01-01

The ab initio quasirelativistic Hartree–Fock method developed specifically for the calculation of spectroscopic parameters of heavy atoms and highly charged ions was used to derive spectral data for the multicharged tungsten ion W 35+ . The configuration interaction method was applied to include the electron-correlation effects. The relativistic effects were taken into account in the Breit–Pauli approximation for quasirelativistic Hartree–Fock radial orbitals. The energy level spectra, radiative lifetimes τ, and Lande g-factors have been calculated for the 4p 6 4d 3 , 4p 6 4d 2 4f, and 4p 5 4d 4 configurations of the W 35+ ion

PIERWIASTKI ŚLADOWE W WYBRANYCH WODACH MINERALNYCH DOSTĘPNYCH W HANDLU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adam Paweł PIECH

Full Text Available Butelkowane wody mineralne stanowią istotne źródło zaspokajania zapotrzebowania na wodę w codziennej diecie człowieka. Ze względu na łatwość przyswajania przez organizm składników mineralnych zawartych w wodach mineralnych konieczne jest świadome wybieranie produktu o składzie dostosowanym do indywidualnych potrzeb. Oprócz makroskładników, których charakterystyka ilościowa zawsze widnieje na etykietach, wody mineralne zawierają również mikroelementy. Celem pracy była analiza koncentracji pierwiastków śladowych w 22 butelkowanych wodach mineralnych dostępnych w handlu na terenie Rzeszowa. Artykuł zawiera główne zagadnienia dotyczące znaczenia wody dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu oraz wpływu mikroelementów na zdrowie człowieka. W badaniach zastosowano metodę całkowitego odbicia promieniowania rentgenowskiego TXRF. Analizy wykazały obecność 18 pierwiastków śladowych w badanych wodach: Al, As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ge, I, Mn, Ni, P, Rb, Se, Sr, Ti, Zn. Najwyższe stężenia mikroskładników w przeważającej większości występują w wodach leczniczych. Żadna z badanych wód mogąca służyć jako stałe źródło płynów w diecie (wody nisko-, średnio- i wysokozmineralizowane nie zawiera mikroskładników w ilości, która pozwalałaby na fizjologiczno-odżywcze oddziaływanie na organizm. Dodatkowo wykazano, że pomiędzy stężeniem bromu i germanu istnieje silna korelacja dodatnia R2 = 0,993.

A 240W Monolithic Class-D Audio Amplifier Output Stage

OpenAIRE

Nyboe, Flemming; Kaya, Cetin; Risbo, Lars; Andreani, Pietro

2006-01-01

A single-channel class-D audio amplifier output stage outputs 240W undipped into 4Omega 0.1% open-loop THD+N allows using the device in a fully-digital audio signal path with no feedback. The output current capability is plusmn18A and the part is fabricated in a 0.4mum/1.8mum high-voltage BiCMOS process. Over-current sensing protects the output from short circuits.

3D modelling of the island divertor for W7-AS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sardei, F.; Feng, Y.; Kisslinger, J.; Grigull, P.

1996-01-01

Island divertors in low-shear stellarators exhibit the same basic topology (X-point diversion of field lines towards target plates) as tokamak divertors. However, the geometry is different. For island divertors, the small distance between the target and the LCFS (∼5cm for W7-AS and 8cm for W7-X) requires higher plasma densities than in comparable tokamaks to effectively decouple the target plasma and the neutrals from the core. These are basic prerequisites to realize high recycling and detachment conditions necessary for exaust. On the other hand, the island SOL can be used to confine recycling particles outside the LCFS, which may result in a density rise inside the islands, and hence in an improved screening of the neutrals. Nonlinear 3D effects are introduced in the transport equations by the non-axisymmetry of the configuration and by the segmentation of the target plates. The resulting toroidal inhomogeneities (variable connection lengths, toroidally localized recycling, poor parallel equilibration at low T) can hardly be approximated by an averaging 2D model. (orig.)

A two-dimensional simulation model for the molded underfill process in flip chip packaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo, Xue Ru; Young, Wen Bin [National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (China)

2015-07-15

The flip chip process involves the deposition of solder bumps on the chip surface and their subsequent direct attachment and connection to a substrate. Underfilling traditional flip chip packaging is typically performed following a two-step approach. The first step uses capillary force to fill the gap between the chip and the substrate, and the second step uses epoxy molding compound (EMC) to overmold the package. Unlike traditional flip chip packaging, the molded underfill (MUF) concept uses a single-step approach to simultaneously achieve both underfill and overmold. MUF is a simpler and faster process. In this study, a 2D numerical model is developed to simulate the front movement of EMC flow and the void formation for different geometric parameters. The 2D model simplifies the procedures of geometric modeling and reduces the modeling time for the MUF simulation. Experiments are conducted to verify the prediction results of the model. The effect on void formation for different geometric parameters is investigated using a 2D model.

Experiment list: SRX837357 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ource_name=ChIP-Seq with MyoD antibody 6975 in mouse P19 cells transduced with MD(ND2bHLH) chimera || cell l...ine=P19 || transduction=MD(ND2bHLH) chimera || chip antibody=MyoD antibody 6975 h

Experiment list: SRX837356 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ource_name=ChIP-Seq with MyoD antibody 6196 in mouse P19 cells transduced with MD(ND2bHLH) chimera || cell l...ine=P19 || transduction=MD(ND2bHLH) chimera || chip antibody=MyoD antibody 6196 h

Zmiany sprawności funkcji poznawczych w trakcie suplementacji wielonienasyconymi kwasami tłuszczowymi omega-3 w grupie chorych na schizofrenię – przegląd systematyczny

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Grancow-Grabka

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Deficyt w obszarze funkcjonowania poznawczego jest stałym fenomenem opisywanym w populacji osób z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii – w okresie przedchorobowym, w trakcie pogorszeń, jak również między kolejnymi epizodami. Zaburzenie funkcjonowania poznawczego stanowi niezależny czynnik rokowniczy w schizofrenii. Badania wskazują, że właśnie od tego wymiaru patologii zależą takie wykładniki funkcjonowania pacjentów, jak: wyniki leczenia i rehabilitacji, współpraca w leczeniu, funkcjonowanie zawodowe, rodzinne i społeczne, zdolność do samodzielnej egzystencji oraz jakość życia. Dotychczasowe metody leczenia schizofrenii nie zapewniają wystarczającej poprawy w zakresie tego wymiaru choroby. W okresie ostatnich 25 lat testowano użyteczność wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych omega-3 jako monoterapii oraz jako augmentacji leczenia przeciwpsychotycznego w schizofrenii. Uzyskane wyniki są niejednoznaczne, choć podkreśla się tzw. pozytywny trend uzyskiwanych wyników w zakresie poprawy objawowej. Stosunkowo rzadko oceniano wpływ suplementacji preparatami wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych omega-3 na funkcjonowanie poznawcze osób z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii. Korzystny wpływ suplementacji wielonienasyconymi kwasami tłuszczowymi na funkcjonowanie poznawcze ma uzasadnienie teoretyczne. Wśród znanych działań tych substancji mogących wpływać na usprawnienie funkcji poznawczych należy wymienić: działanie immunomodulacyjne w obrębie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, poprawę parametrów stresu oksydacyjnego, zmiany w zakresie neurotransmisji oraz wpływ na procesy plastyczności neuronalnej. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie systematycznego przeglądu wyników badań dotyczących zmian sprawności funkcjonowania poznawczego u osób z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii będących w trakcie suplementacji wielonienasyconymi kwasami tłuszczowymi omega-3.

CMOS On-Chip Optoelectronic Neural Interface Device with Integrated Light Source for Optogenetics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sawadsaringkarn, Y; Kimura, H; Maezawa, Y; Nakajima, A; Kobayashi, T; Sasagawa, K; Noda, T; Tokuda, T; Ohta, J

2012-01-01

A novel optoelectronic neural interface device is proposed for target applications in optogenetics for neural science. The device consists of a light emitting diode (LED) array implemented on a CMOS image sensor for on-chip local light stimulation. In this study, we designed a suitable CMOS image sensor equipped with on-chip electrodes to drive the LEDs, and developed a device structure and packaging process for LED integration. The prototype device produced an illumination intensity of approximately 1 mW with a driving current of 2.0 mA, which is expected to be sufficient to activate channelrhodopsin (ChR2). We also demonstrated the functions of light stimulation and on-chip imaging using a brain slice from a mouse as a target sample.

Przyczyny oraz czynniki sprzyjające występowaniu zespołu wypalenia zawodowego wśród lekarzy zatrudnionych w publicznych sektorach opieki zdrowotnej

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leszek Solecki

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Wstęp. Wypalenie zawodowe jest zjawiskiem wystę- pującym coraz częściej wśród pracowników różnych grup zawodowych. Lekarze stanowią grupę bardzo mocno narażoną na ryzyko wystąpienia zespołu wypalenia zawodowego ze względu na charakter wykonywanej pracy. Opis stanu wiedzy. Praca lekarzy i całego personelu nasycona jest czynnikami stresogennymi, które zlokalizowane są w różnych płaszczyznach. Są to cechy osobowościowe, stosunek do pracy oraz struktura i organizacja pracy zawodowej. Wypalenie zawodowe jest procesem długofalowym, w którym kolejne fazy pojawiają się narastająco. Najczęściej wyróżnia się 12 faz. Warunkiem koniecznym dla rozwoju wypalenia zawodowego jest występowanie przewlekłego stresu. Typowymi źródłami stresu występującymi w zawodzie lekarza mogą być: ponoszenie odpowiedzialności za własne działanie, codzienny kontakt z chorobą, wymóg stałej czujności, konieczność kontaktu zarówno z samym chorym jak i jego rodziną, świadomość braku wpływu na losy pacjentów oddziałów opieki paliatywnej, roszczeniowość i niezadowolenie pacjentów, zmianowość, praca w nocy, brak warunków do leczenia (np. złe warunki lokalowe, brak odpowiedniego sprzętu, niedogodności związane z relacjami z personelem szpitala. Podsumowanie. Wypalenie zawodowe można określić jako stan fizycznego, umysłowego i emocjonalnego wyczerpania, który ujawnia się pod postacią chronicznego zmęczenia. Jednocześnie towarzyszy mu negatywna postawa wobec pracy, ludzi i życia, poczucie bezradności oraz beznadziejności położenia. Na wypalenie zawodowe szczególnie narażeni są lekarze, którzy stawiają sobie wysokie cele, są ambitni, dobrze wykonują swoją pracę, pracują pod presją czasu, często na dyżurach trwających wiele godzin.

Demonstration of the 500 kW stoker burning system; 500 kW stokeripolttojaerjestelmaen demonstrointi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oravainen, H. [VTT Energy, Jyvaeskylae (Finland); Kantalainen, K. [Hoegfors Laempoe Oy, Saarijaervi (Finland)

1995-12-31

The objective of the project is to demonstrate the operation of a 500 kW stoker-burning system in practice. The project is continuation of the previous projects of the Bioenergy research programme, 303 - Development of automatic heating system for wood chips and sod peat, carried out by VTT Energy, and Y301 - Development of heating boiler for wood chips and sod peat, carried out by Hoegfors Laempoe Oy. A 500 kW (nominal power) stoker-burner was constructed on the basis of the results of these projects. The burner was mounted on ETNA 500 bioenergy boiler. Screw-feeders, constructed by Maamiehen Saehkoe Oy, were used as fuel feeding system. Maamiehen Saehkoe Oy delivered also the automation system for the combustion equipment. Combustion air pre-heater was mounted on the boiler for promotion of the combustion of moist fuel. Testing of the equipment was carried out at the laboratory of VTT Energy in Jyvaeskylae in October-November 1994. In December 1994 the equipment was transported to Jalasjaervi, to heating station of the farmer Juha Jyrae. The actual heat generation started in the beginning of February 1995, when the greenhouses started to require heating. Sod peat has been used as the fuel. VTT Energy has carried out the efficiency and emission measurements in the heating station with sod peat in March 1995, and with reed canary grass in autumn 1995. The energy generation and fuel consumption have been followed all the time

Demonstration of the 500 kW stoker burning system; 500 kW stokeripolttojaerjestelmaen demonstrointi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oravainen, H [VTT Energy, Jyvaeskylae (Finland); Kantalainen, K [Hoegfors Laempoe Oy, Saarijaervi (Finland)

1996-12-31

The objective of the project is to demonstrate the operation of a 500 kW stoker-burning system in practice. The project is continuation of the previous projects of the Bioenergy research programme, 303 - Development of automatic heating system for wood chips and sod peat, carried out by VTT Energy, and Y301 - Development of heating boiler for wood chips and sod peat, carried out by Hoegfors Laempoe Oy. A 500 kW (nominal power) stoker-burner was constructed on the basis of the results of these projects. The burner was mounted on ETNA 500 bioenergy boiler. Screw-feeders, constructed by Maamiehen Saehkoe Oy, were used as fuel feeding system. Maamiehen Saehkoe Oy delivered also the automation system for the combustion equipment. Combustion air pre-heater was mounted on the boiler for promotion of the combustion of moist fuel. Testing of the equipment was carried out at the laboratory of VTT Energy in Jyvaeskylae in October-November 1994. In December 1994 the equipment was transported to Jalasjaervi, to heating station of the farmer Juha Jyrae. The actual heat generation started in the beginning of February 1995, when the greenhouses started to require heating. Sod peat has been used as the fuel. VTT Energy has carried out the efficiency and emission measurements in the heating station with sod peat in March 1995, and with reed canary grass in autumn 1995. The energy generation and fuel consumption have been followed all the time

Experiment list: SRX212458 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=CD4+CD25+CD45RA- expanded memory regulatory T cells || donor=D || cell type=C...D4+CD25+CD45RA- expanded memory regulatory T cells || chip antibody=H3K27ac (abca

Experiment list: SRX212462 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=CD4+CD25+CD45RA- expanded memory regulatory T cells || donor=D || cell type=C...D4+CD25+CD45RA- expanded memory regulatory T cells || chip antibody=H3K4me1 (abca

An ultra-low power CMOS image sensor with on-chip energy harvesting and power management capability.

Science.gov (United States)

Cevik, Ismail; Huang, Xiwei; Yu, Hao; Yan, Mei; Ay, Suat U

2015-03-06

An ultra-low power CMOS image sensor with on-chip energy harvesting and power management capability is introduced in this paper. The photodiode pixel array can not only capture images but also harvest solar energy. As such, the CMOS image sensor chip is able to switch between imaging and harvesting modes towards self-power operation. Moreover, an on-chip maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based power management system (PMS) is designed for the dual-mode image sensor to further improve the energy efficiency. A new isolated P-well energy harvesting and imaging (EHI) pixel with very high fill factor is introduced. Several ultra-low power design techniques such as reset and select boosting techniques have been utilized to maintain a wide pixel dynamic range. The chip was designed and fabricated in a 1.8 V, 1P6M 0.18 µm CMOS process. Total power consumption of the imager is 6.53 µW for a 96 × 96 pixel array with 1 V supply and 5 fps frame rate. Up to 30 μW of power could be generated by the new EHI pixels. The PMS is capable of providing 3× the power required during imaging mode with 50% efficiency allowing energy autonomous operation with a 72.5% duty cycle.

Flip chip assembly of thinned chips for hybrid pixel detector applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fritzsch, T; Zoschke, K; Rothermund, M; Oppermann, H; Woehrmann, M; Ehrmann, O; Lang, K D; Huegging, F

2014-01-01

There is a steady trend to ultra-thin microelectronic devices. Especially for future particle detector systems a reduced readout chip thickness is required to limit the loss of tracking precision due to scattering. The reduction of silicon thickness is performed at wafer level in a two-step thinning process. To minimize the risk of wafer breakage the thinned wafer needs to be handled by a carrier during the whole process chain of wafer bumping. Another key process is the flip chip assembly of thinned readout chips onto thin sensor tiles. Besides the prevention of silicon breakage the minimization of chip warpage is one additional task for a high yield and reliable flip chip process. A new technology using glass carrier wafer will be described in detail. The main advantage of this technology is the combination of a carrier support during wafer processing and the chip support during flip chip assembly. For that a glass wafer is glue-bonded onto the backside of the thinned readout chip wafer. After the bump deposition process the glass-readout chip stack is diced in one step. Finally the glass carrier chip is released by laser illumination after flip chip assembly of the readout chip onto sensor tile. The results of the flip chip assembly process development for the ATLAS IBL upgrade are described more in detail. The new ATLAS FEI4B chip with a size of 20 × 19 mm 2 is flip chip bonded with a thickness of only 150 μm, but the capability of this technology has been demonstrated on hybrid modules with a reduced readout chip thickness of down to 50 μm which is a major step for ultra-thin electronic systems

The ALPIDE pixel sensor chip for the upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System

CERN Document Server

Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca

2017-01-01

The ALPIDE chip is a CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor being developed for the Upgrade of the ITS of the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The ALPIDE chip is implemented with a 180 nm CMOS Imaging Process and fabricated on substrates with a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. It measures 15 mm×30 mm and contains a matrix of 512×1024 pixels with in-pixel amplification, shaping, discrimination and multi-event buffering. The readout of the sensitive matrix is hit driven. There is no signaling activity over the matrix if there are no hits to read out and power consumption is proportional to the occupancy. The sensor meets the experimental requirements of detection efficiency above 99%, fake-hit probability below 10−5 and a spatial resolution of 5 μm. The capability to read out Pb–Pb interactions at 100 kHz is provided. The power density of the ALPIDE chip is projected to be less than 35 mW/cm2 for the application in the Inner Barrel Layers and below 20 mW/cm2 for the Outer Barrel Layers, ...

Experiment list: SRX713898 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available -D567 || agent=Ethanol (vehicle control) || chip antibody=AR -N20 (Santa Cruz, SC-816 lot B1012) || biologic...5527: R1D567 Eth ARv567es rep2; Homo sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=prostate cancer cell line || cell type=R1

Experiment list: SRX713899 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available D567 || agent=Ethanol (vehicle control) || chip antibody=AR -N20 (Santa Cruz, SC-816 lot B1012) || biologica...528: R1D567 Eth ARv567es rep3; Homo sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=prostate cancer cell line || cell type=R1-

3D-Printing of inverted pyramid suspending architecture for pyroelectric infrared detectors with inhibited microphonic effect

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Qing; Zhao, Xiangyong; Li, Xiaobing; Deng, Hao; Yan, Hong; Yang, Linrong; Di, Wenning; Luo, Haosu; Neumann, Norbert

2016-05-01

A sensitive chip with ultralow dielectric loss based on Mn doped PMNT (71/29) has been proposed for high-end pyroelectric devices. The dielectric loss at 1 kHz is 0.005%, one order lower than the minimum value reported so far. The detective figure of merit (Fd) is up to 92.6 × 10-5 Pa-1/2 at 1 kHz and 53.5 × 10-5 Pa-1/2 at 10 Hz, respectively. In addition, an inverted pyramid suspending architecture for supporting the sensitive chip has been designed and manufactured by 3D printing technology. The combination of this sensitive chip and the proposed suspending architecture largely enhances the performance of the pyroelectric detectors. The responsivity and specific detectivity are 669,811 V/W and 3.32 × 109 cm Hz1/2/W at 10 Hz, respectively, 1.9 times and 1.5 times higher than those of the highest values in literature. Furthermore, the microphonic effect can be largely inhibited according to the theoretical and experimental analysis. This architecture will have promising applications in high-end and stable pyroelectric infrared detectors.

A low-cost 2D fluorescence detection system for mm sized beads on-chip

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Segerink, Loes Irene; Koster, Maarten J.; Sprenkels, A.J.; van den Berg, Albert

2012-01-01

In this paper we describe a compact fluorescence detection system for on-chip analysis of beads, comprising a low-cost optical HD-DVD pickup. The complete system consists of a fluorescence detection unit, a control unit and a microfluidic chip containing microchannels and optical markers. With these

The ALPIDE pixel sensor chip for the upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, E-mail: gianluca.aglieri.rinella@cern.ch

2017-02-11

The ALPIDE chip is a CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor being developed for the Upgrade of the ITS of the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The ALPIDE chip is implemented with a 180 nm CMOS Imaging Process and fabricated on substrates with a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. It measures 15 mm×30 mm and contains a matrix of 512×1024 pixels with in-pixel amplification, shaping, discrimination and multi-event buffering. The readout of the sensitive matrix is hit driven. There is no signaling activity over the matrix if there are no hits to read out and power consumption is proportional to the occupancy. The sensor meets the experimental requirements of detection efficiency above 99%, fake-hit probability below 10{sup −5} and a spatial resolution of 5 μm. The capability to read out Pb–Pb interactions at 100 kHz is provided. The power density of the ALPIDE chip is projected to be less than 35 mW/cm{sup 2} for the application in the Inner Barrel Layers and below 20 mW/cm{sup 2} for the Outer Barrel Layers, where the occupancy is lower. This contribution describes the architecture and the main features of the final ALPIDE chip, planned for submission at the beginning of 2016. Early results from the experimental qualification of full scale prototype predecessors are also reported. - Highlights: • The ALPIDE chip, an innovative CMOS pixel particle detector is described. • It achieves excellent detection performance figures and very low power consumption. • The characterization of prototypes confirms the achievement of the specifications.

Ultracompact on-chip photothermal power monitor based on silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wu Hao

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We propose and demonstrate an ultracompact on-chip photothermal power monitor based on a silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG, which consists of a metal strip, a silicon core, and a silicon oxide (SiO2 insulator layer between them. When light injected to an HPWG is absorbed by the metal strip, the temperature increases and the resistance of the metal strip changes accordingly due to the photothermal and thermal resistance effects of the metal. Therefore, the optical power variation can be monitored by measuring the resistance of the metal strip on the HPWG. To obtain the electrical signal for the resistance measurement conveniently, a Wheatstone bridge circuit is monolithically integrated with the HPWG on the same chip. As the HPWG has nanoscale light confinement, the present power monitor is as short as ~3 μm, which is the smallest photothermal power monitor reported until now. The compactness helps to improve the thermal efficiency and the response speed. For the present power monitor fabricated with simple fabrication processes, the measured responsivity is as high as about 17.7 mV/mW at a bias voltage of 2 V and the power dynamic range is as large as 35 dB.

Characterisation of capacitively coupled HV/HR-CMOS sensor chips for the CLIC vertex detector

CERN Document Server

AUTHOR|(SzGeCERN)756402

2017-01-01

The capacitive coupling between an active sensor and a readout ASIC has been considered in the framework of the CLIC vertex detector study. The CLICpix Capacitively Coupled Pixel Detector (C3PD) is a High-Voltage CMOS sensor chip produced in a commercial 180 nm HV-CMOS process for this purpose. The sensor was designed to be connected to the CLICpix2 readout chip. It therefore matches the dimensions of the readout chip, featuring a matrix of 128 × 128 square pixels with 25 μm pitch. The sensor chip has been produced with the standard value for the substrate resistivity (∼ 20 Ωcm) and it has been characterised in standalone testing mode, before receiving and testing capacitively coupled assemblies. The standalone measurement results show a rise time of ∼ 20 ns for a power consumption of 5 μW/pixel. Production of the C3PD HV-CMOS sensor chip with higher substrate resistivity wafers (∼ 20, 80, 200 and 1000 Ωcm) is foreseen. The expected benefits of the higher substrate resistivity will be studied using...

Motywacja jako czynnik uprawiania sportu wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy = Motivation as a factor in sports among the students of the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Klaudia Kotecka

2016-08-01

  Streszczenie Ankieta przeprowadzona wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy była wiarygodnym źródłem odpowiedzi. W ankiecie wzięło udział 108 respondentów z czego 17,6% stanowiły kobiety a  82,4% mężczyźni. Przedział wiekowy odpowiadających to 19-27 lat. Analiza otrzymanych wyników wykazała, że zdecydowanie większa część ankietowanych studentów przykłada wagę do własnej sprawności fizycznej. Studenci, którzy wykonują ćwiczenia ruchowe trzy razy w tygodniu i więcej stanowili 36%  wszystkich respondentów. Najczęściej studenci podejmują aktywność fizyczną na wolnym powietrzu. Badania wykazują, że ankietowani czują satysfakcję i radość po zakończeniu ćwiczeń. Innymi istotnymi czynnikami, które motywują studentów Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego są: poprawa ogólnej sprawności fizycznej, poprawa stanu  psychicznego oraz samopoczucia. Dla wielu studentów motywacją jest poprawa stanu zdrowia czy odpoczynek od obowiązków. Niewielu studentów podejmuje aktywność fizyczną poprzez namowę znajomych czy chęć opóźnienia procesu starzenia. Słowa kluczowe: motywacja, aktywność fizyczna, sport, studenci.     Abstract A survey of students at the Kazimierz Wielki University Bydgoszcz was a reliable source of answers. The survey was attended by 108 respondents of which 17.6% were women and 82.4% men. The age range corresponding to 19-27 years. Analysis of the results showed that by far the majority of the students surveyed pays attention to their own physical fitness. Students who perform physical exercises three times a week or more accounted for 36% of all respondents. Most often students take physical activity outdoors. Studies show that respondents feel the satisfaction and joy after exercise. Other important factors that motivate students Kazimierz Wielki University are to improve overall physical fitness, improving mental health and well-being. For many students the motivation

Ultrahigh-speed hybrid laser for silicon photonic integrated chips

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chung, Il-Sug; Park, Gyeong Cheol; Ran, Qijiang

2013-01-01

Increasing power consumption for electrical interconnects between and inside chips is posing a real challenge to continue the performance scaling of processors/computers as predicted by D. Moore. In recent processors, energy consumption for electrical interconnects is half of power supplied...... and will be 80% in near future. This challenge strongly has motivated replacing electrical interconnects with optical ones even in chip level communications [1]. This chip-level optical interconnects need quite different performance of optoelectronic devices than required for conventional optical communications....... For a light source, the energy consumption per sending a bit is required to be

Święta wojna w Al-Ándalus. Przeobrażenia aktywności dżihadystycznych komórek terrorystycznych w Hiszpanii w latach 1995–2012

OpenAIRE

Kosmynka, Stanisław

2015-01-01

Europa Zachodnia i Południowa od lat jest jedną ze scen aktywności ekstremizmu dżihadystycznego, zarówno jako obszar przedsięwzięć logistycznych, jak i cel operacji terrorystycznych. Analiza rozwoju tego ruchu na Starym Kontynencie pozwala dostrzec wiele istotnych prawidłowości obrazujących jego ewolucję, sieciowość oraz złożone mechanizmy funkcjonowania. Hiszpania jest w tym kontekście przypadkiem szczególnym, stanowiącym interesujące studium badawcze przeobrażeń komórek terrorystycznych. W ...

FISH & CHIPS: Single Chip Silicon MEMS CTDL Salinity, Temperature, Pressure and Light sensor for use in fisheries research

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hyldgård, Anders; Hansen, Ole; Thomsen, Erik Vilain

2005-01-01

A single-chip silicon MEMS CTDL multi sensor for use in aqueous environments is presented. The new sensor chip consists of a conductivity sensor based on platinum electrodes (C), an ion-implanted thermistor temperature sensor (T), a piezoresistive pressure sensor (D for depth/pressure) and an ion......-implanted p-n junction light sensor (L). The design and fabrication process is described. A temperature sensitivity of 0.8 × 10-3K-1 has been measured and detailed analysis of conductivity measurement data shows a cell constant of 81 cm-1....

Implantable Biomedical Signal Monitoring Using RF Energy Harvestingand On-Chip Antenna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiann-Shiun Yuan

2015-08-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the design of an energy harvesting wireless and battery-less silicon-on-chip (SoC device that can be implanted in the human body to monitor certain health conditions. The proposed architecture has been designed on TSMC 0.18μm CMOS ICs and is an integrated system with a rectenna (antenna and rectifier and transmitting circuit, all on a single chip powered by an external transmitter and that is small enough to be inserted in the human eye, heart or brain. The transmitting and receiving antennas operate in the 5.8- GHz ISM band and have a -10dB gain. The distinguishing feature of this design is the rectenna that comprises of a singlestage diode connected NMOS rectifier and a 3-D on-chip antenna that occupies only 2.5 × 1 × 2.8 mm3 of chip area and has the ability to communicate within proximity of 5 cm while giving 10% efficiency. The external source is a reader that powers up the RF rectifier in the implantable chip triggering it to start sending data back to the reader enabling an efficient method of health evaluation for the patient.

Prototyping chips in minutes: Direct Laser Plotting (DLP) of functional microfluidic structures

KAUST Repository

Wang, Limu; Kodzius, Rimantas; Yi, Xin; Li, Shunbo; Hui, Yu Sanna; Wen, Weijia

2013-01-01

and bio-compatible polymer films by manipulating the strength and density of laser pulses. With the DLP technique, chip-embedded micro-electrodes, micro-mixers and 3D microfluidic chips with 5 layers, which normally require several days of work in a

Organ-on-a-Chip for Aerospace Physiology and Toxicology

Science.gov (United States)

2014-12-15

Medicine 4(159): 159ra147-159ra147. Huh, D., B. D. Matthews, A. Mammoto, M. Montoya -Zavala, H . Y. Hsin and D. E. Ingber (2010). "Reconstituting Organ...Level Lung Functions on a Chip." Science 328(5986): 1662- 1668. Huh, D., Y.-s. Torisawa, G. A. Hamilton, H . J. Kim and D. E. Ingber (2012

Fast MR Imaging of the Paediatric Abdomen with CAIPIRINHA-Accelerated T1w 3D FLASH and with High-Resolution T2w HASTE: A Study on Image Quality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mengxia Li

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of fast MR techniques to routine paediatric abdominopelvic MRI at 1.5 Tesla. “Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration-” (CAIPIRINHA- accelerated contrast-enhanced-T1w 3D FLASH imaging was compared to standard T1w 2D FLASH imaging with breath-holding in 40 paediatric patients and to respiratory-triggered T1w TSE imaging in 10 sedated young children. In 20 nonsedated patients, we compared T2w TIRM to fat-saturated T2w HASTE imaging. Two observers performed an independent and blinded assessment of overall image quality. Acquisition time was reduced by the factor of 15 with CAIPIRINHA-accelerated T1w FLASH and by 7 with T2w HASTE. With CAIPIRINHA and with HASTE, there were significantly less motion artefacts in nonsedated patients. In sedated patients, respiratory-triggered T1w imaging in general showed better image quality. However, satisfactory image quality was achieved with CAIPIRINHA in two sedated patients where respiratory triggering failed. In summary, fast scanning with CAIPIRINHA and HASTE presents a reliable high quality alternative to standard sequences in paediatric abdominal MRI. Paediatric patients, in particular, benefit greatly from fast image acquisition with less breath-hold cycles or shorter sedation.

Wpływ czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych na zachowania zdrowotne nastolatków mieszkających w Rybniku

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcin Dudek

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Wstęp. Wpływ czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych na zdrowie od lat jest tematem badań naukowców. Wykazano znaczny wpływ tych czynników na zdrowie populacji. Bezrobocie, niski dochód, migracje oraz status rodziny (pełna, niepełna, rozbita wpływają na zdrowie rodziny i dzieci. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych na zachowania zdrowotne młodzieży zamieszkującej miasto Rybnik. Materiał i metody. Badanie ankietowe przeprowadzono pośród 391 uczniów rybnickich szkół. Poziom majętności rodziny określono za pomocą skali FAS. Za istotny statystycznie przyjęto poziom p<0,05. Wyniki. Badanie wykazało znaczący wpływ statusu rodziny na zachowania zdrowotne, uczniowie z rodzin rozbitych znacznie częściej sięgali po używki, oraz częściej zaniedbywali swoje zdrowie. Podobne wyniki wykazano wśród dzieci migrantów. Status materialny nie determinuje w tak dużym stopniu zachowań zdrowotnych nastolatków. Wnioski. Czynnik społeczno-ekonomiczne silnie determinują zdrowie młodzieży. Szczególnie narażeni na negatywne zachowania zdrowotne są nastolatkowie wychowujący się w rodzinach niepełnych oraz w rodzinach, w których co najmniej jeden z rodziców wyemigrował."

CHIP promotes thyroid cancer proliferation via activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Li [Department of Pharmacy, Urumchi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830000 (China); Liu, Lianyong [Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 (China); Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai 200125 (China); He, Xiaohua; Shen, Yunling; Liu, Xuerong; Wei, Jing; Yu, Fang [Department of Endocrinology, Urumchi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830000 (China); Tian, Jianqing, E-mail: jianqing0991@163.com [Department of Endocrinology, Urumchi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830000 (China)

2016-08-26

The carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a U box-type ubiquitin ligase that plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including tumor progression. To date, the functional mechanism of CHIP in thyroid cancer remains unknown. Here, we obtained evidence of upregulation of CHIP in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. CHIP overexpression markedly enhanced thyroid cancer cell viability and colony formation in vitro and accelerated tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, CHIP knockdown impaired cell proliferation and tumor growth. Notably, CHIP promoted cell growth through activation of MAPK and AKT pathways, subsequently decreasing p27 and increasing cyclin D1 and p-FOXO3a expression. Our findings collectively indicate that CHIP functions as an oncogene in thyroid cancer, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for this disease. - Highlights: • CHIP is significantly upregulated in thyroid cancer cells. • Overexpression of CHIP facilitates proliferation and tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer cells. • Silencing of CHIP inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer cells. • CHIP promotes thyroid cancer cell proliferation via activating the MAPK and AKT pathways.

Chip calorimetry for evaluation of biofilm treatment with biocides, antibiotics, and biological agents.

Science.gov (United States)

Morais, Frida Mariana; Buchholz, Friederike; Maskow, Thomas

2014-01-01

Any growth or bioconversion in biofilms is accompanied by the release of heat. The heat (in J) is tightly related to the stoichiometry of the respective process via law of Hess, and the heat production rate (in W or J/s) is additionally related to the process kinetics. This heat and the heat production rate can nowadays be measured by modern calorimetry with extremely high sensitivity. Flow-through calorimetry allows the measurement of bioprocesses in biofilms in real time, without the need of invasive sample preparation and disturbing of biofilm processes. Furthermore, it can be applied for long-term measurements and is even applicable to turbid media. Chip or miniaturized calorimeters have the additional advantages of extremely short thermal equilibration times and the requirement of very small amounts of media and chemicals. The precision of flow-through chip calorimeters (about 3 mW/L) allows the detection of early stages of biofilm development (about 10(5) bacteria cm(-2)).

The string difference equation of the D = 1 matrix model and W1+∞ symmetry of the KP hierarchy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Awada, M.A.; Sin, S.J.

1992-01-01

In this paper, the authors give a connection between the D = 1 matrix model and the generalized KP hierarchy. First, the authors find a difference equation satisfied by F, the Legendre transformation of the free energy of the D = 1 matrix model on a circle of radius R. Then the authors show that it is a special case of the difference equation of the generalized KP hierarchy with its zero mode identified with the scaling variable of the D = 1 string theory. The authors propose that the massive D = 1 matrix model is described by the generalized KP hierarchy, which implies the manifest integrability of D = 1 string theory. The authors also show that the (generalized) KP hierarchy has an underlying W 1 + ∞ symmetry. By reduction, we prove that the generalized KdV hierarchy has a subalgebra of the above symmetry which again forms a W 1+ ∞ . The authors argue that there are no W constraints in D = 1 string theory, which is in contrast to D 1 + ∞ constraints

Raport z badania 2016. Specjalne Strefy Ekonomiczne w Polsce w oczach przedsiębiorców i pracowników samorządów

OpenAIRE

Pastusiak, Radosław; Jasiniak, Magdalena; Keller, Jakub; Krzeczewski, Bartłomiej

2016-01-01

Niniejszy raport prezentuje wyniki projektu realizowanego w ramach projektu badawczego nr UMO-2013/09/B/HS4/, pt. Efektywność Specjalnych Stref Ekonomicznych, przez zespół Katedry Finansów Korporacji, Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, pod kierownictwem dr hab. Radosława Pastusiaka, prof. nadzw. UŁ. w składzie: dr Magdalena Jasiniak, mgr Jakub Keller, mgr Bartłomiej Krzeczewski. Zasadniczym celem badania było określenie efektywności funkcjonowania Specjalnych Stref Ekon...

An Ultra-Low Power CMOS Image Sensor with On-Chip Energy Harvesting and Power Management Capability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ismail Cevik

2015-03-01

Full Text Available An ultra-low power CMOS image sensor with on-chip energy harvesting and power management capability is introduced in this paper. The photodiode pixel array can not only capture images but also harvest solar energy. As such, the CMOS image sensor chip is able to switch between imaging and harvesting modes towards self-power operation. Moreover, an on-chip maximum power point tracking (MPPT-based power management system (PMS is designed for the dual-mode image sensor to further improve the energy efficiency. A new isolated P-well energy harvesting and imaging (EHI pixel with very high fill factor is introduced. Several ultra-low power design techniques such as reset and select boosting techniques have been utilized to maintain a wide pixel dynamic range. The chip was designed and fabricated in a 1.8 V, 1P6M 0.18 µm CMOS process. Total power consumption of the imager is 6.53 µW for a 96 × 96 pixel array with 1 V supply and 5 fps frame rate. Up to 30 μW of power could be generated by the new EHI pixels. The PMS is capable of providing 3× the power required during imaging mode with 50% efficiency allowing energy autonomous operation with a 72.5% duty cycle.

Advanced chip designs and novel cooling techniques for brightness scaling of industrial, high power diode laser bars

Science.gov (United States)

Heinemann, S.; McDougall, S. D.; Ryu, G.; Zhao, L.; Liu, X.; Holy, C.; Jiang, C.-L.; Modak, P.; Xiong, Y.; Vethake, T.; Strohmaier, S. G.; Schmidt, B.; Zimer, H.

2018-02-01

The advance of high power semiconductor diode laser technology is driven by the rapidly growing industrial laser market, with such high power solid state laser systems requiring ever more reliable diode sources with higher brightness and efficiency at lower cost. In this paper we report simulation and experimental data demonstrating most recent progress in high brightness semiconductor laser bars for industrial applications. The advancements are in three principle areas: vertical laser chip epitaxy design, lateral laser chip current injection control, and chip cooling technology. With such improvements, we demonstrate disk laser pump laser bars with output power over 250W with 60% efficiency at the operating current. Ion implantation was investigated for improved current confinement. Initial lifetime tests show excellent reliability. For direct diode applications 96% polarization are additional requirements. Double sided cooling deploying hard solder and optimized laser design enable single emitter performance also for high fill factor bars and allow further power scaling to more than 350W with 65% peak efficiency with less than 8 degrees slow axis divergence and high polarization.

Postawy konsumentów wobec reklam kredytów hipotecznych

OpenAIRE

Kmita, Emilia

2011-01-01

Najważniejszym aspektem poznawczym niniejszej pracy była analiza postaw konsumentów wobec reklam, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych prezentujących kredyty hipoteczne. Weryfikacji postawionych przez mnie hipotez dokonałam poprzez badanie ankietowe przeprowadzone wśród klientów banku Pekao S.A. w Nowym Sączu. Wyniki badań wskazują, iż konsumenci zazwyczaj nie darzą reklam zbyt dużą sympatią czy zaufaniem. W przypadku podejmowania ważnych decyzji życiowych jakimi jest zakup własnego domu oraz w...

On-chip patch antenna on InP substrate for short-range wireless communication at 140 GHz

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dong, Yunfeng; Johansen, Tom Keinicke; Zhurbenko, Vitaliy

2017-01-01

This paper presents the design of an on-chip patch antenna on indium phosphide (InP) substrate for short-range wireless communication at 140 GHz. The antenna shows a simulated gain of 5.3 dBi with 23% bandwidth at 140 GHz and it can be used for either direct chip-to-chip communication or chip...

Bioprinting 3D microfibrous scaffolds for engineering endothelialized myocardium and heart-on-a-chip

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yu Shrike; Arneri, Andrea; Bersini, Simone; Shin, Su-Ryon; Zhu, Kai; Goli-Malekabadi, Zahra; Aleman, Julio; Colosi, Cristina; Busignani, Fabio; Dell'Erba, Valeria; Bishop, Colin; Shupe, Thomas; Demarchi, Danilo; Moretti, Matteo; Rasponi, Marco; Dokmeci, Mehmet Remzi; Atala, Anthony; Khademhosseini, Ali

2016-01-01

Engineering cardiac tissues and organ models remains a great challenge due to the hierarchical structure of the native myocardium. The need of integrating blood vessels brings additional complexity, limiting the available approaches that are suitable to produce integrated cardiovascular organoids. In this work we propose a novel hybrid strategy based on 3D bioprinting, to fabricate endothelialized myocardium. Enabled by the use of our composite bioink, endothelial cells directly bioprinted within microfibrous hydrogel scaffolds gradually migrated towards the peripheries of the microfibers to form a layer of confluent endothelium. Together with controlled anisotropy, this 3D endothelial bed was then seeded with cardiomyocytes to generate aligned myocardium capable of spontaneous and synchronous contraction. We further embedded the organoids into a specially designed microfluidic perfusion bioreactor to complete the endothelialized-myocardium-on-a-chip platform for cardiovascular toxicity evaluation. Finally, we demonstrated that such a technique could be translated to human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to construct endothelialized human myocardium. We believe that our method for generation of endothelialized organoids fabricated through an innovative 3D bioprinting technology may find widespread applications in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and potentially disease modeling. PMID:27710832

A microfluidic chip containing multiple 3D nanofibrous scaffolds for culturing human pluripotent stem cells

Science.gov (United States)

Wertheim, Lior; Shapira, Assaf; Amir, Roey J.; Dvir, Tal

2018-04-01

In microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip systems, which are used for investigating the effect of drugs and growth factors on cells, the latter are usually cultured within the device’s channels in two-dimensional, and not in their optimal three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Herein, we address this shortfall by designing a microfluidic system, comprised of two layers. The upper layer of the system consists of multiple channels generating a gradient of soluble factors. The lower layer is comprised of multiple wells, each deposited with 3D, nanofibrous scaffold. We first used a mathematical model to characterize the fluid flow within the system. We then show that induced pluripotent stem cells can be seeded within the 3D scaffolds and be exposed to a well-mixed gradient of soluble factors. We believe that utilizing such system may enable in the future to identify new differentiation factors, investigate drug toxicity, and eventually allow to perform analyses on patient-specific tissues, in order to fit the appropriate combination and concentration of drugs.

Experiment list: SRX745835 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available d Pol II; Homo sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=Breast cancer cells || cell line=MCF7 || treatment=untreated || sample type=Pleural effu...sion || passages=14-17 || chip antibody=Homemade Anti-Po

Flip chip assembly of thinned chips for hybrid pixel detector applications

CERN Document Server

Fritzsch, T; Woehrmann, M; Rothermund, M; Huegging, F; Ehrmann, O; Oppermann, H; Lang, K.D

2014-01-01

There is a steady trend to ultra-thin microelectronic devices. Especially for future particle detector systems a reduced readout chip thickness is required to limit the loss of tracking precision due to scattering. The reduction of silicon thickness is performed at wafer level in a two-step thinning process. To minimize the risk of wafer breakage the thinned wafer needs to be handled by a carrier during the whole process chain of wafer bumping. Another key process is the flip chip assembly of thinned readout chips onto thin sensor tiles. Besides the prevention of silicon breakage the minimization of chip warpage is one additional task for a high yield and reliable flip chip process. A new technology using glass carrier wafer will be described in detail. The main advantage of this technology is the combination of a carrier support during wafer processing and the chip support during flip chip assembly. For that a glass wafer is glue-bonded onto the backside of the thinned readout chip wafer. After the bump depo...

Monolithic integration of DUV-induced waveguides into plastic microfluidic chip for optical manipulation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Khoury Arvelo, Maria; Vannahme, Christoph; Sørensen, Kristian Tølbøl

2014-01-01

A monolithic polymer optofluidic chip for manipulation of microbeads in flow is demonstrated. On this chip, polymer waveguides induced by Deep UV lithography are integrated with microfluidic channels. The optical propagation losses of the waveguides are measured to be 0.66±0.13 dB/mm at a wavelen......A monolithic polymer optofluidic chip for manipulation of microbeads in flow is demonstrated. On this chip, polymer waveguides induced by Deep UV lithography are integrated with microfluidic channels. The optical propagation losses of the waveguides are measured to be 0.66±0.13 d......B/mm at a wavelength of λ = 808 nm. An optimized bead tracking algorithm is implemented, allowing for determination of the optical forces acting on the particles. The algorithm features a spatio-temporal mapping of coordinates for uniting partial trajectories, without increased processing time. With an external laser...

Lektury lekarza – książka Leonarda Botalla w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Wilgosiewicz – Skutecka

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Wśród druków francuskich Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu znajduje się interesujący zbiór (klocek szesnastowiecznych traktatów medycznych, wydany w Lyonie przez Guillaume’a Rouillé oraz Paula Miraillet, zawierający dwa dzieła Galena: De naturalibus facultatibus libri tres (1548 i De bono et malo succo, liber unus (1547 oraz traktat Donato Antonio Altomare De alteratione, concoctione, digestione, praeparatione, ac purgatione: ex Hippocratis et Galeni sententia methodus (1548. Wolumin ten należał do Leonarda Botalla (1519-1587, włoskiego anatoma i chirurga, medyka królów francuskich, i nosi ślady jego lektury – liczne marginalia, podkreślenia i komentarze w języku łacińskim. Pobieżna analiza tego materiału rękopiśmiennego, zwłaszcza wielu krytycznych uwag Botalla wobec poglądów Galena, pozwala widzieć w tych zapiskach świadectwo przemian zachodzących w medycynie w XVI wieku, która dopiero w tym okresie stała się nauką w pełni nowożytną. Przedstawiona w niniejszym artykule ogólna charakterystyka woluminu jest jedynie wprowadzeniem do szczegółowej analizy zapisków Leonarda Botalla, która pozwoliłaby historykom medycyny dokładniej zrekonstruować poglądy lekarza z Asti, będące świadectwem recepcji dzieł Galena w XVI wieku i toczącej się wokół nich dyskusji.

Optically Driven Mobile Integrated Micro-Tools for a Lab-on-a-Chip

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yi-Jui Liu

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This study proposes an optically driven complex micromachine with an Archimedes microscrew as the mechanical power, a sphere as a coupler, and three knives as the mechanical tools. The micromachine is fabricated by two-photon polymerization and is portably driven by optical tweezers. Because the microscrew can be optically trapped and rotates spontaneously, it provides driving power for the complex micro-tools. In other words, when a laser beam focuses on the micromachine, the microscrew is trapped toward the focus point and simultaneously rotates. A demonstration showed that the integrated micromachines are grasped by the optical tweezers and rotated by the Archimedes screw. The rotation efficiencies of the microrotors with and without knives are 1.9 rpm/mW and 13.5 rpm/mW, respectively. The micromachine can also be portably dragged along planed routes. Such Archimedes screw-based optically driven complex mechanical micro-tools enable rotation similar to moving machines or mixers, which could contribute to applications for a biological microfluidic chip or a lab-on-a-chip.

3D silicon pixel detectors for the High-Luminosity LHC

CERN Document Server

Lange, J.

2016-01-01

3D silicon pixel detectors have been investigated as radiation-hard candidates for the innermost layers of the HL-LHC upgrade of the ATLAS pixel detector. 3D detectors are already in use today in the ATLAS IBL and AFP experiments. These are based on 50x250 um2 large pixels connected to the FE-I4 readout chip. Detectors of this generation were irradiated to HL-LHC fluences and demonstrated excellent radiation hardness with operational voltages as low as 180 V and power dissipation of 12--15 mW/cm2 at a fluence of about 1e16 neq/cm2, measured at -25 degree C. Moreover, to cope with the higher occupancies expected at the HL-LHC, a first run of a new generation of 3D detectors designed for the HL-LHC was produced at CNM with small pixel sizes of 50x50 and 25x100 um2, matched to the FE-I4 chip. They demonstrated a good performance in the laboratory and in beam tests with hit efficiencies of about 97% at already 1--2V before irradiation.

Experiment list: SRX1131942 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ategy=CD138+ MACS sorted || chip antibody=Irf4 Ab, Santa...d=C57BL/6 || genotype/background=Wild-type || cell preparation=4-day LPS stimulation, MACS sorted || cell type=PB || cell sorting str

Development of a Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Biodegradable Cage to Convert Morselized Corticocancellous Bone Chips into a Structured Cortical Bone Graft

Science.gov (United States)

Chou, Ying-Chao; Lee, Demei; Chang, Tzu-Min; Hsu, Yung-Heng; Yu, Yi-Hsun; Liu, Shih-Jung; Ueng, Steve Wen-Neng

2016-01-01

This study aimed to develop a new biodegradable polymeric cage to convert corticocancellous bone chips into a structured strut graft for treating segmental bone defects. A total of 24 adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent a left femoral segmental bone defect creation. Twelve rabbits in group A underwent three-dimensional (3D) printed cage insertion, corticocancellous chips implantation, and Kirschner-wire (K-wire) fixation, while the other 12 rabbits in group B received bone chips implantation and K-wire fixation only. All rabbits received a one-week activity assessment and the initial image study at postoperative 1 week. The final image study was repeated at postoperative 12 or 24 weeks before the rabbit scarification procedure on schedule. After the animals were sacrificed, both femurs of all the rabbits were prepared for leg length ratios and 3-point bending tests. The rabbits in group A showed an increase of activities during the first week postoperatively and decreased anterior cortical disruptions in the postoperative image assessments. Additionally, higher leg length ratios and 3-point bending strengths demonstrated improved final bony ingrowths within the bone defects for rabbits in group A. In conclusion, through this bone graft converting technique, orthopedic surgeons can treat segmental bone defects by using bone chips but with imitate characters of structured cortical bone graft. PMID:27104525

Development of a Three-Dimensional (3D Printed Biodegradable Cage to Convert Morselized Corticocancellous Bone Chips into a Structured Cortical Bone Graft

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ying-Chao Chou

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to develop a new biodegradable polymeric cage to convert corticocancellous bone chips into a structured strut graft for treating segmental bone defects. A total of 24 adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent a left femoral segmental bone defect creation. Twelve rabbits in group A underwent three-dimensional (3D printed cage insertion, corticocancellous chips implantation, and Kirschner-wire (K-wire fixation, while the other 12 rabbits in group B received bone chips implantation and K-wire fixation only. All rabbits received a one-week activity assessment and the initial image study at postoperative 1 week. The final image study was repeated at postoperative 12 or 24 weeks before the rabbit scarification procedure on schedule. After the animals were sacrificed, both femurs of all the rabbits were prepared for leg length ratios and 3-point bending tests. The rabbits in group A showed an increase of activities during the first week postoperatively and decreased anterior cortical disruptions in the postoperative image assessments. Additionally, higher leg length ratios and 3-point bending strengths demonstrated improved final bony ingrowths within the bone defects for rabbits in group A. In conclusion, through this bone graft converting technique, orthopedic surgeons can treat segmental bone defects by using bone chips but with imitate characters of structured cortical bone graft.

Low-power digital ASIC for on-chip spectral analysis of low-frequency physiological signals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nie Zedong; Zhang Fengjuan; Li Jie; Wang Lei

2012-01-01

A digital ASIC chip customized for battery-operated body sensing devices is presented. The ASIC incorporates a novel hybrid-architecture fast Fourier transform (FFT) unit that is capable of scalable spectral analysis, a licensed ARM7TDMI IP hardcore and several peripheral IP blocks. Extensive experimental results suggest that the complete chip works as intended. The power consumption of the FFT unit is 0.69 mW at 1 MHz with 1.8 V power supply. The low-power and programmable features of the ASIC make it suitable for ‘on-the-fly’ low-frequency physiological signal processing. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

Nanoimprinted polymer chips for light induced local heating of liquids in micro- and nanochannels

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thamdrup, Lasse Højlund; Pedersen, Jonas Nyvold; Flyvbjerg, Henrik

2010-01-01

A nanoimprinted polymer chip with a thin near-infrared absorber layer that enables light-induced local heating (LILH) of liquids inside micro- and nanochannels is presented. An infrared laser spot and corresponding hot-spot could be scanned across the device. Large temperature gradients yield...... a 785 nm laser diode was focused from the backside of the chip to a spot diameter down to 5 ..m in the absorber layer, yielding a localized heating (Gaussian profile) and large temperature gradients in the liquid in the nanochannels. A laser power of 38 mW yielded a temperature of 40°C in the center...

Experiment list: SRX590333 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available c ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY ...cells); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57

22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference: summary of sessions EX/D, EX/S and EX/W

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Motojima, O.

2009-01-01

The sessions of experiments EX/D, EX/S and EX/W covering (D) Plasma-material interactions, Divertors, Limiters, SOL, (S) Stability, (W) Wave-plasma interactions, Current drive, Heating and Energetic particles are summarized in this paper. These general topics are divided into two categories, which are (1) ITER oriented and (2) ITER/DEMO oriented corresponding to the subject of each topic and considering the road map of fusion research. Topics in the ITER oriented category are strongly linked to the present direction of the fusion research for ITER, namely tokamak research, whereas issues in the ITER/DEMO oriented category are generally common issues for both tokamaks and helical devices.

Szpik kostny – funkcje fizjologiczne i udział w patogenezie reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Weronika Kurowska

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Wyniki badań prowadzonych w ostatnich latach wskazują, żeszpik kostny funkcjonuje nie tylko jako narząd krwiotwórczy, leczrównież jako wtórny narząd limfatyczny, w którym może być zainicjowanaodpowiedź immunologiczna. Dane eksperymentalnei obserwacje kliniczne wskazują, że szpik kostny uczestniczyw rozwoju reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów, ponieważ jest miejscemakumulacji aktywowanych limfocytów i wytwarzania czynnikówprozapalnych. W artykule opisano w zarysie rolę szpiku kostnegow prawidłowej (fizjologicznej odpowiedzi immunologicznej.Przedstawiono również wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i klinicznych,które potwierdzają udział szpiku kostnego w patogeneziereumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów.

Lepton charge asymmetry from W decay and search for new gauge bosons at D0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taketani, Atsushi.

1994-01-01

A measurement is described of the charge asymmetry in the pseudorapidity distribution of muons from W boson decay in proton- antiproton collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV using the D0 detector. We also report on a search for extra gauge bosons in the electron decay channel. Mass limits of M W ' > 600 GeV and M Z ' > 440 GeV are obtained at 95% confidence level under the assumption of standard model couplings

Experiment list: SRX150423 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available sis=Leukemia Chronic Myelogenous 19694334,54.9,12.8,4256 GSM935343: Harvard ChipSeq K562 TFIIIC-110 std sour...ce_name=K562 || biomaterial_provider=ATCC || lab=Harvard || lab description=Struhl - Harvard University || d

Experiment list: SRX590340 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY c...ells); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57B

Experiment list: SRX590331 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY c...ells); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57B

Experiment list: SRX590329 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY ce...lls); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57BL

Experiment list: SRX590335 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY ce...lls); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57BL

Experiment list: SRX590346 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY c...ells); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57B

Experiment list: SRX590344 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY c...ells); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57B

Experiment list: SRX590339 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY ce...lls); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57BL

Experiment list: SRX590325 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY c...ells); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C57B

Experiment list: SRX590342 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available gG ChIP || strain background=C57BL/6 || genotype/variation=Foxd3 conditional knockout || cell type=EpiLC (dY... cells); epiblast-like cells || cell line of origin=Foxd3 conditional knockout C5

Powiązania wskaźnika placów 2D:4D z cechami budowy ciała i sprawnością motoryczną u młodych piłkarzy = The relationship digit ratio 2D:4D with body build features and motoric performance in young footballers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Mońka

2017-02-01

Magdalena Mońka1, Jadwiga Pietraszewska2   1 Doktorantka na Wydziale Wychowania Fizycznego Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu 2 Zakład Antropologii Fizycznej Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu         Mgr Magdalena Mońka1, dr hab. Jadwiga Pietraszewska, prof. nadzw.2       Słowa kluczowe: wskaźnik 2D:4D, piłkarze nożni, budowa ciała, sprawność motoryczna Key words: index 2D:4D, football players, body build, motoric fitness   Streszczenie Proporcja długości palców 2D:4D wykazuje dymorfizm płciowy. Mężczyźni mają niższą wartość tego wskaźnika w stosunku do kobiet. Jest to wynik działania hormonów płciowych -androgenów. Badania wskazują, że wysoki poziom testosteronu, przejawiający się w niższej wartości ilorazu palców, determinuje lepszą wytrzymałość, zręczność, większą siłę oraz skłonność do agresji i podjęcia walki. Cechy te są istotne w odnoszeniu sukcesów sportowych. W badaniach poszukiwano zależności formuły palców z budową ciała, sprawnością motoryczną i osiąganymi wynikami w sporcie. Publikowane wyniki nie są jednak jednoznaczne w odniesieniu do cech sprawnościowych. Cel Celem niniejszej pracy było sprawdzenie, czy w populacji polskiej, wśród młodych piłkarzy nożnych, wartość wskaźnika 2D:4D wykazuje powiązania z cechami budowy morfologicznej i poziomem sprawności motorycznej.   Materiał i metody Materiał badawczy stanowią wyniki pomiarów podstawowych cech antropometrycznych oraz sprawności motorycznej piłkarzy nożnych (n=38 Klubu Sportowego Polkowice. Wiek badanych mieści się w przedziale 16-18 lat. Ich staż zawodniczy wynosi co najmniej 6 lat. U wszystkich badanych osób zmierzono także długość drugiego i czwartego palca, na podstawie tych wartości wyliczono wskaźnik 2D:4D dla ręki prawej i lewej. Do oceny sprawności motorycznej badanych wykorzystano następujące próby motoryczne: skłon w przód w siadzie, skok w dal z miejsca i siady

Making the invisible visible: a microfluidic chip using a low refractive index polymer.

Science.gov (United States)

Hanada, Yasutaka; Ogawa, Tatsuya; Koike, Kazuhiko; Sugioka, Koji

2016-07-07

Microfluidic frameworks known as micro-total-analysis-systems or lab-on-a-chip have become versatile tools in cell biology research, since functional biochips are able to streamline dynamic observations of various cells. Glass or polymers are generally used as the substrate due to their high transparency, chemical stability and cost-effectiveness. However, these materials are not well suited for the microscopic observation of cell migration at the fluid boundary due to the refractive index mismatch between the medium and the biochip material. For this reason, we have developed a new method of fabricating three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic chips made of the low refractive index fluoric polymer CYTOP. This novel fabrication procedure involves the use of a femtosecond laser for direct writing, followed by wet etching with a dilute fluorinated solvent and annealing, to create high-quality 3D microfluidic chips inside a polymer substrate. A microfluidic chip made in this manner enabled us to more clearly observe the flagellum motion of a Dinoflagellate moving in circles near the fluid surface compared to the observations possible using conventional microfluidic chips. We believe that CYTOP microfluidic chips made using this new method may allow more detailed analysis of various cell migrations near solid boundaries.

Optimizing Polymer Lab-on-Chip Platforms for Ultrasonic Manipulation: Influence of the Substrate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Itziar González

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The choice of substrate material in a chip that combines ultrasound with microfluidics for handling biological and synthetic microparticles can have a profound effect on the performance of the device. This is due to the high surface-to-volume ratio that exists within such small structures and acquires particular relevance in polymer-based resonators with 3D standing waves. This paper presents three chips developed to perform particle flow-through separation by ultrasound based on a polymeric SU-8 layer containing channelization over three different substrates: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA; Pyrex; and a cracked PMMA composite-like structure. Through direct observations of polystyrene microbeads inside the channel, the three checked chips exhibit their potential as disposable continuous concentration devices with different spatial pressure patterns at frequencies of resonance close to 1 Mhz. Chips with Pyrex and cracked PMMA substrates show restrictions on the number of pressure nodes established in the channel associated with the inhibition of 3D modes in the solid structure. The glass-substrate chip presents some advantages associated with lower energy requirements to collect particles. According to the results, the use of polymer-based chips with rigid substrates can be advantageous for applications that require short treatment times (clinical tests handling human samples and low-cost fabrication.

Prototyping chips in minutes: Direct Laser Plotting (DLP) of functional microfluidic structures

KAUST Repository

Wang, Limu

2013-10-10

We report a fast and simple prototyping method to fabricate polymer-based microfluidic chips using Direct Laser Plotting (DLP) technique, by which various functional micro-structures can be realized within minutes, in a mask-free and out-of-cleanroom fashion. A 2D Computer-Aid-Design (CAD) software was employed to layout the required micro-structures and micro-channels, a CO2 laser plotter was then used to construct the microstructures. The desired patterns can be plotted directly on PDMS substrates and bio-compatible polymer films by manipulating the strength and density of laser pulses. With the DLP technique, chip-embedded micro-electrodes, micro-mixers and 3D microfluidic chips with 5 layers, which normally require several days of work in a cleanroom facility, can be fabricated in minutes in common laboratory. This novel method can produce microfluidic channels with average feature size of 100 μm, while feature size of 50 μm or smaller is achievable by making use of the interference effect from laser impulsion. In this report, we present the optimized parameters for successful fabrication of 3D microchannels, micro-mixers and microfluidic chips for protein concentration measurements (Bovine Serum Albumine (BSA) test), and a novel procedure to pattern flexible embedding electrodes on PDMS-based microfluidic chips. DLP offers a convenient and low cost alternative to conventional microfluidic channel fabrication technique which relies on complicated and hazardous soft lithography process.

An indirect measurement of the width of the w boson at the D0 experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Telford, Paul; Manchester U.

2006-01-01

This thesis presents an indirect measurement of the width of the W boson using data collected at the D0 experiment, a multipurpose particle detector utilizing the Fermilab Tevatron. The W width was determined from the ratio of W → μν to Z → μ + μ - cross sections to be Γ W = 2168 ± 22(stat) ± 62(syst) -16 +24 (pdf) ± 4(other) MeV, in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction and other experimental measurements. In addition there is a description of how work made towards this measurement has been used to improve the parameterized detector simulation, a vital tool in the obtention of physics results from signals observed in the detector, and in estimating the uncertainty due to choice of PDF, which is of interest for all measurements made at hadron colliders

Prototype detection unit for the CHIPS experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Pfützner, Maciej M.

2017-09-01

CHIPS (CHerenkov detectors In mine PitS) is an R&D project aiming to develop novel cost-effective neutrino detectors, focused on measuring the CP-violating neutrino mixing phase (δ CP). A single detector module, containing an enclosed volume of purified water, would be submerged in an existing lake, located in a neutrino beam. A staged approach is proposed with first detectors deployed in a flooded mine pit in Northern Minnesota, 7 mrad off-axis from the existing NuMI beam. A small proof-of-principle model (CHIPS-M) has already been tested and the first stage of a fully functional 10 kt module (CHIPS-10) is planned for 2018. One of the instruments submerged on board of CHIPS-M in autumn 2015 was a prototype detection unit, constructed at Nikhef. The unit contains hardware borrowed from the KM3NeT experiment, including 16 3 inch photomultiplier tubes and readout electronics. In addition to testing the mechanical design and data acquisition, the detector was used to record a large sample of cosmic ray muon events. The collected data is valuable for characterising the cosmic muon background and validating a Monte Carlo simulation used to optimise future designs. This paper introduces the CHIPS project, describes the design of the prototype unit, and presents the results of a preliminary data analysis.

A Vision Chip for Color Segmentation and Pattern Matching

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ralph Etienne-Cummings

2003-06-01

Full Text Available A 128(H × 64(V × RGB CMOS imager is integrated with region-of-interest selection, RGB-to-HSI transformation, HSI-based pixel segmentation, (36bins × 12bits-HSI histogramming, and sum-of-absolute-difference (SAD template matching. Thirty-two learned color templates are stored and compared to each image. The chip captures the R, G, and B images using in-pixel storage before passing the pixel content to a multiplying digital-to-analog converter (DAC for white balancing. The DAC can also be used to pipe in images for a PC. The color processing uses a biologically inspired color opponent representation and an analog lookup table to determine the Hue (H of each pixel. Saturation (S is computed using a loser-take-all circuit. Intensity (I is given by the sum of the color components. A histogram of the segments of the image, constructed by counting the number of pixels falling into 36 Hue intervals of 10 degrees, is stored on a chip and compared against the histograms of new segments using SAD comparisons. We demonstrate color-based image segmentation and object recognition with this chip. Running at 30 fps, it uses 1 mW. To our knowledge, this is the first chip that integrates imaging, color segmentation, and color-based object recognition at the focal plane.

Laser subtractive-additive-welding microfabrication for Lab-On-Chip (LOC) applications

Science.gov (United States)

Jonušauskas, Linas; RekštytÄ--, Sima; Buivydas, Ričardas; Butkus, Simas; Paipulas, Domas; Gadonas, Roaldas; Juodkazis, Saulius; Malinauskas, Mangirdas

2017-02-01

An approach employing ultrafast laser hybrid microfabrication combining ablation, 3D nanolithography and welding is proposed for the realization of Lab-On-Chip (LOC) device. The same laser setup is shown to be suitable for fabricating microgrooves in glass slabs, polymerization of fine meshes inside them, and, lastly, sealing the whole chip with cover glass into one monolithic piece. The created micro fluidic device proved its particle sorting function by separating 1 μm and 10 μm polystyrene spheres from a mixture. Next, a lens adapter for a cell phone's camera was manufactured via thermal extrusion 3D printing technique which allowed to achieve sufficient magnification to clearly resolve <10 μm features. All together shows fs-laser microfabrication technology as a flexible and versatile tool for study and manufacturing of Lab-On-Chip devices.

Radiation effects in a CMOS/SOS/Al-Gate D/A converter and on-chip diagnostic transistors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brucker, G.J.; Heagerty, W.

1976-01-01

This paper presents the results obtained from total dose and transient radiation tests on a CMOS/SOS/Al-Gate D/A converter and on-chip diagnostic transistors. Samples were irradiated by cobalt-60 gamma rays under worst-case conditions, and by 10-MeV electron pulses of 50-ns and 4.4-μs duration. Devices were fabricated with three different insulators; the two discussed here are standard wet oxide and a pyrogenic oxide. Test transistors on the D/A chips made it possible to diagnose the failure modes of the converter and to evaluate some special designs. These consisted of standard edge p- and n-channel transistors, edgeless units, edgeless tetrode transistors, and an edgeless type transmission gate with a diode clamp from substrate to gate. The total dose results indicate that the pyrogenic oxide increased the failure dose of the operational amplifier portion of the converter from 10 3 rads (Si) to 2 x 10 6 rads (Si); however, the sample and hold failed after exposure to a low level of 10 3 rads (Si). Test devices indicated this to be due to the radiation-induced leakage current of the transmission gate which discharges the sample and hold capacitor. The diode clamp decreased the threshold voltage shifts and the leakage currents. The edgeless devices improved the device performance because of a more abrupt turn-on. Narrow-pulse test data indicated that the edgeless units produced less photocurrent than the edge units by about a factor of three to four. Converter upset levels are less than or equal to 10 9 rads/s due to precision requirements which make a few millivolt transients untenable

Experiment list: SRX891827 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available d, replicate 2; Homo sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=MDA-MB-231 || cell line=MDA-MB-231 || cell type=triple negative breast adenocarcin...oma || chip antibody=H3K9ac, Millipore #07-352, Lot 2388

Bioprinting 3D microfibrous scaffolds for engineering endothelialized myocardium and heart-on-a-chip.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yu Shrike; Arneri, Andrea; Bersini, Simone; Shin, Su-Ryon; Zhu, Kai; Goli-Malekabadi, Zahra; Aleman, Julio; Colosi, Cristina; Busignani, Fabio; Dell'Erba, Valeria; Bishop, Colin; Shupe, Thomas; Demarchi, Danilo; Moretti, Matteo; Rasponi, Marco; Dokmeci, Mehmet Remzi; Atala, Anthony; Khademhosseini, Ali

2016-12-01

Engineering cardiac tissues and organ models remains a great challenge due to the hierarchical structure of the native myocardium. The need of integrating blood vessels brings additional complexity, limiting the available approaches that are suitable to produce integrated cardiovascular organoids. In this work we propose a novel hybrid strategy based on 3D bioprinting, to fabricate endothelialized myocardium. Enabled by the use of our composite bioink, endothelial cells directly bioprinted within microfibrous hydrogel scaffolds gradually migrated towards the peripheries of the microfibers to form a layer of confluent endothelium. Together with controlled anisotropy, this 3D endothelial bed was then seeded with cardiomyocytes to generate aligned myocardium capable of spontaneous and synchronous contraction. We further embedded the organoids into a specially designed microfluidic perfusion bioreactor to complete the endothelialized-myocardium-on-a-chip platform for cardiovascular toxicity evaluation. Finally, we demonstrated that such a technique could be translated to human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to construct endothelialized human myocardium. We believe that our method for generation of endothelialized organoids fabricated through an innovative 3D bioprinting technology may find widespread applications in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and potentially disease modeling. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solid state isotopic power source for computer chips

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, P.M.

1992-01-01

This paper reports that recent developments in materials technology now make it possible to fabricate nonthermal thin-film isotopic energy converters (REC) with a specific power of 24 W/kg and 5 to 10 year working life at 5 to 10 Watts. This creates applications never before possible, such as placing the power supply directly on integrated circuit chips. The efficiency of the REC is about 25% which is two to three times greater than the 6 to 8% capabilities of current thermoelectric systems

Flip-chip bonded optoelectronic integration based on ultrathin silicon (UTSi) CMOS

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Sunkwang; Ho, Tawei; Zhang, Liping; Sawchuk, Alexander A.

2003-06-01

We describe the design and test of flip-chip bonded optoelectronic CMOS devices based on Peregrine Semiconductor's 0.5 micron Ultra-Thin Silicon on sapphire (UTSi) technology. The UTSi process eliminates the substrate leakage that typically results in crosstalk and reduces parasitic capacitance to the substrate, providing many benefits compared to bulk silicon CMOS. The low-loss synthetic sapphire substrate is optically transparent and has a coefficient of thermal expansion suitable for flip-chip bonding of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and detectors. We have designed two different UTSi CMOS chips. One contains a flip-chip bonded 1 x 4 photodiode array, a receiver array, a double edge triggered D-flip flop-based 2047-pattern pseudo random bit stream (PRBS) generator and a quadrature-phase LC-voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The other chip contains a flip-chip bonded 1 x 4 VCSEL array, a driver array based on high-speed low-voltage differential signals (LVDS) and a full-balanced differential LC-VCO. Each VCSEL driver and receiver has individual input and bias voltage adjustments. Each UTSi chip is mounted on different printed circuit boards (PCBs) which have holes with about 1 mm radius for optical output and input paths through the sapphire substrate. We discuss preliminary testing of these chips.

SPECYFIKA REALIZACJI LINIOWYCH INWESTYCJI W PASIE DROGOWYM W AGLOMERACJI MIEJSKIEJ Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM OBSZARÓW ZABYTKOWYCH

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Andrzej MARECKI

Full Text Available Treścią referatu jest problematyka budowlanego procesu inwestycyjnego w pasie drogowym na terenie miast. W aglomeracjach miejskich realizacja zadań związanych z budową, przebudową lub modernizacją ciągów drogowych lub sieci infrastruktury liniowej związana jest z pokonaniem szczególnych utrudnień. Wynika to nie tylko ze specyfiki technologicznej ale również z szeroko pojętej interakcji społecznych. Inwestorzy realizujący zadania w miastach muszą szukać nie tylko innowacyjnych rozwiązań technicznych ale również muszą spełniać, często - „wygórowane” oczekiwania społeczne. W referacie omówione zostaną typowe zagrożenia procesu inwestycyjnego na etapach koncepcji, projektowania, realizacji i eksploatacji - ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów dotyczących realizacji liniowych robót budowlanych na obszarach objętych warunkami ochrony, wynikającymi z zapisów ustawy o ochronie zabytków[1]. Należy podkreślić, że ochrona ta zgodnie z Art. 4 przedmiotowej Ustawy polega, na podejmowaniu przez organy administracji publicznej działań mających między innymi na celu: zapewnienie warunków prawnych, organizacyjnych i finansowych, umożliwiających trwałe zachowanie zabytków oraz ich zagospodarowanie i utrzymanie. Przekłada się to na obligatoryjny warunek prowadzenia prac konserwatorskich, restauratorskich i oczywiście robót budowlanych za pozwoleniem właściwego konserwatora zabytków i pod jego nadzorem. Realizacja liniowych zadań inwestycyjnych z natury rzeczy odbywa się nie tylko w obszarze wpływu zabytków nieruchomych ale także w bezpośrednim kontakcie z zabytkami archeologicznymi tj. – zabytkami nieruchomymi, będącymi powierzchniową, podziemną lub podwodną pozostałością egzystencji i działalności człowieka, złożoną z nawarstwień kulturowych i znajdujących się w nich wytworów bądź ich śladów. Warunkiem pogodzenia interesów stron tego skomplikowanego procesu

Price of forest chips decreasing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hakkila, P.

2001-01-01

Use of forest chips was studied in 1999 in the national Puuenergia (Wood Energy) research program. Wood combusting heating plants were questioned about are the main reasons restricting the increment of the use of forest chips. Heating plants, which did not use forest chips at all or which used less than 250 m 3 (625 bulk- m 3 ) in 1999 were excluded. The main restrictions for additional use of forest chips were: too high price of forest chips; lack of suppliers and/or uncertainty of deliveries; technical problems of reception and processing of forest chips; insufficiency of boiler output especially in winter; and unsatisfactory quality of chips. The price of forest chips becomes relatively high because wood biomass used for production of forest chips has to be collected from wide area. Heavy equipment has to be used even though small fragments of wood are processed, which increases the price of chips. It is essential for forest chips that the costs can be pressed down because competition with fossil fuels, peat and industrial wood residues is hard. Low market price leads to the situation in which forest owner gets no price of the raw material, the entrepreneurs operate at the limit of profitability and renovation of machinery is difficult, and forest chips suppliers have to sell the chips at prime costs. Price of forest chips has decreased significantly during the past decade. Nominal price of forest chips is now lower than two decades ago. The real price of chips has decreased even more than the nominal price, 35% during the past decade and 20% during the last five years. Chips, made of small diameter wood, are expensive because the price includes the felling costs and harvesting is carried out at thinning lots. Price is especially high if chips are made of delimbed small diameter wood due to increased the work and reduced amount of chips. The price of logging residue chips is most profitable because cutting does not cause additional costs. Recovery of chips is

Comparison of FSE T2 W PROPELLER and 3D-FIESTA of 3 T MR for the internal auditory canal.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Hai-Bo; Yuan, Hui-Shu; Ma, Furong; Zhao, Qiang

The study compared the use of periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) technique fast spin echo (FSE) T2 W and the sequence of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) technique in the MRI of the internal auditory canal for overall image quality improvement. One hundred thirty-two patients undergoing FSE T2 W PROPELLER and 3D-FIESTA examinations of the internal auditory canal were included. All examinations were performed at 3.0 T with comparison of a sagittal oblique FSE T2 W sequence with the PROPELLER technique to 3D-FIESTA in the same reconstructed orientation with PROPELLER. Image quality was evaluated by two radiologists using a 4-point scale. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the data of the two techniques. The image quality of FSE T2 W PROPELLER was significantly improved compared to the reconstructed images of 3D-FIESTA. Observer 1: median FSE T2 W with PROPELLER, 4 [mean, 3.455] versus median reconstructed 3D-FIESTA, 3 [mean, 3.15], (PW with PROPELLER, 4 [mean, 3.47] versus median reconstructed 3D-FIESTA, 3 [mean, 3.25], (PW PROPELLER technique for MRI of internal auditory canal reduced uncertainty caused by motion artifact and improved the quality of the image compared to the reconstructed 3D-FIESTA. It was affected by different parameters including the blade width, echo train length (ETL). This is explained by data oversampling at the center region of k-space, which requires additional imaging time over conventional MRI techniques. Increasing blade was expected to improve motion correction effects but also the signal-to-noise ratio. ETL increases the image sharpness and the overall image quality. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Zmienność zasobów termicznych w Polsce w aspekcie obserwowanych zmian klimatu

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Agnieszka Sulikowska

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Obserwowany wzrost temperatury powietrza na półkuli północnej, zwłaszcza w Europie, może prowadzić do znacznych zmian w fenologii roślin, a w konsekwencji także w produkcji rolnej. Celem pracy jest ocena zróżnicowania przestrzennego zasobów termicznych na obszarze Polski oraz ich zmienności w okresie 1951–2010 w obliczu zmieniających się warunków termicznych. Analizę przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem dobowych wartości temperatury powietrza. Zasoby termiczne zdefiniowane zostały za pomocą sum temperatur efektywnych (Growing Degree Days – GDD obliczonych dla wartości progowych temperatury powietrza: 0°C, 5°C i 10°C. Następstwem analizy zróżnicowania przestrzennego zasobów termicznych była ocena ich zmienności wieloletniej oraz tendencji zmian. Badania objęły w szczególności regiony sadownicze odznaczające się największą powierzchnią upraw drzew owocowych oraz wielkością zbiorów jabłek, śliw i wiśni. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają zwiększenie zasobów termicznych na obszarze kraju, będące konsekwencją wydłużającego się okresu wegetacyjnego.

Optimization of high frequency flip-chip interconnects for digital superconducting circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rafique, M R; Engseth, H; Kidiyarova-Shevchenko, A

2006-01-01

This paper presents the results of theoretical optimization of the multi-chip-module (MCM) contact and driver circuitries for gigabit chip-to-chip communication. Optimization has been done using 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulations of MCM contacts and time domain simulations of drivers and receivers. A single optimized MCM contact has a signal reflection of less than -20 dB for more than 400 GHz bandwidth. The MCM data link with the optimized SFQ driver, receiver and two MCM contacts has operational margins on the global bias current of ± 30% at 30 Gbit s -1 speedand can operate above 100 Gbit s -1 speed. Wide bandwidth transmission requires the realization of an advanced flip-chip process with a small dimension of the MCM contact (less than 30 μm diameter of the contact pad) and small height of the flip-chip contact bumps of the order of 2 μm. Current processes with about 7 μm height of the bumps require the application of a double-flux-quantum (DFQ) driver. The data link with the DFQ driver was also simulated. It has operational margins on the global bias current of ± 30% at 30 Gbit s -1 ; however, the maximum speed of operation is 61 Gbit s -1 . Several test structures have been designed for measurements of signal reflection, bit error rate and operational margins of the data link

Wirebond crosstalk and cavity modes in large chip mounts for superconducting qubits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wenner, J; Neeley, M; Bialczak, Radoslaw C; Lenander, M; Lucero, Erik; O' Connell, A D; Sank, D; Wang, H; Weides, M; Cleland, A N; Martinis, John M, E-mail: martinis@physics.ucsb.edu [Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States)

2011-06-15

We analyze the performance of a microwave chip mount that uses wirebonds to connect the chip and mount grounds. A simple impedance ladder model predicts that transmission crosstalk between two feedlines falls off exponentially with distance at low frequencies, but rises to near unity above a resonance frequency set by the chip to ground capacitance. Using SPICE simulations and experimental measurements of a scale model, the basic predictions of the ladder model were verified. In particular, by decreasing the capacitance between the chip and box grounds, the resonance frequency increased and transmission decreased. This model then influenced the design of a new mount that improved the isolation to - 65 dB at 6 GHz, even though the chip dimensions were increased to 1 cm x 1 cm, three times as large as our previous devices. We measured a coplanar resonator in this mount as preparation for larger qubit chips, and were able to identify cavity, slotline, and resonator modes.

Wirebond crosstalk and cavity modes in large chip mounts for superconducting qubits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wenner, J; Neeley, M; Bialczak, Radoslaw C; Lenander, M; Lucero, Erik; O'Connell, A D; Sank, D; Wang, H; Weides, M; Cleland, A N; Martinis, John M

2011-01-01

We analyze the performance of a microwave chip mount that uses wirebonds to connect the chip and mount grounds. A simple impedance ladder model predicts that transmission crosstalk between two feedlines falls off exponentially with distance at low frequencies, but rises to near unity above a resonance frequency set by the chip to ground capacitance. Using SPICE simulations and experimental measurements of a scale model, the basic predictions of the ladder model were verified. In particular, by decreasing the capacitance between the chip and box grounds, the resonance frequency increased and transmission decreased. This model then influenced the design of a new mount that improved the isolation to - 65 dB at 6 GHz, even though the chip dimensions were increased to 1 cm x 1 cm, three times as large as our previous devices. We measured a coplanar resonator in this mount as preparation for larger qubit chips, and were able to identify cavity, slotline, and resonator modes.

Chips 2020 a guide to the future of nanoelectronics

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

The chips in present-day cell phones already contain billions of sub-100-nanometer transistors. By 2020, however, we will see systems-on-chips with trillions of 10-nanometer transistors. But this will be the end of the miniaturization, because yet smaller transistors, containing just a few control atoms, are subject to statistical fluctuations and thus no longer useful. We also need to worry about a potential energy crisis, because in less than five years from now, with current chip technology, the internet alone would consume the total global electrical power! This book presents a new, sustainable roadmap towards ultra-low-energy (femto-Joule), high-performance electronics. The focus is on the energy-efficiency of the various chip functions: sensing, processing, and communication, in a top-down spirit involving new architectures such as silicon brains, ultra-low-voltage circuits, energy harvesting, and 3D silicon technologies. Recognized world leaders from industry and from the research community share thei...

Mega-pixel PQR laser chips for interconnect, display ITS, and biocell-tweezers OEIC

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, O'Dae; Yoon, J. H.; Kim, D. K.; Kim, Y. C.; Lee, S. E.; Kim, S. S.

2008-02-01

We describe a photonic quantum ring (PQR) laser device of three dimensional toroidal whispering gallery cavity. We have succeeded in fabricating the first genuine mega-pixel laser chips via regular semiconductor technology. This has been realized since the present injection laser emitting surface-normal dominant 3D whispering gallery modes (WGMs) can be operated CW with extremely low operating currents (μA-nA per pixel), together with the lasing temperature stabilities well above 140 deg C with minimal redshifts, which solves the well-known integration problems facing the conventional VCSEL. Such properties unusual for quantum well lasers become usual because the active region, involving vertically confining DBR structure in addition to the 2D concave WGM geometry, induces a 'photonic quantum ring (PQR)-like' carrier distribution through a photonic quantum corral effect. A few applications of such mega-pixel PQR chips are explained as follows: (A) Next-generation 3D semiconductor technologies demand a strategy on the inter-chip and intra-chip optical interconnect schemes with a key to the high-density emitter array. (B) Due to mounting traffic problems and fatalities ITS technology today is looking for a revolutionary change in the technology. We will thus outline how 'SLEEP-ITS' can emerge with the PQR's position-sensing capability. (C) We describe a recent PQR 'hole' laser of convex WGM: Mega-pixel PQR 'hole' laser chips are even easier to fabricate than PQR 'mesa' lasers. Genuine Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam patterns of PQR holes are very promising for biocell manipulations like sorting mouse myeloid leukemia (M1s) cells. (D) Energy saving and 3D speckle-free POR laser can outdo LEDs in view of red GaAs and blue GaN devices fabricated recently.

A dual-docking microfluidic cell migration assay (D2-Chip) for testing neutrophil chemotaxis and the memory effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Ke; Wu, Jiandong; Xu, Guoqing; Xie, Dongxue; Peretz-Soroka, Hagit; Santos, Susy; Alexander, Murray; Zhu, Ling; Zhang, Michael; Liu, Yong; Lin, Francis

2017-04-18

Chemotaxis is a classic mechanism for guiding cell migration and an important topic in both fundamental cell biology and health sciences. Neutrophils are a widely used model to study eukaryotic cell migration and neutrophil chemotaxis itself can lead to protective or harmful immune actions to the body. While much has been learnt from past research about how neutrophils effectively navigate through a chemoattractant gradient, many interesting questions remain unclear. For example, while it is tempting to model neutrophil chemotaxis using the well-established biased random walk theory, the experimental proof was challenged by the cell's highly persistent migrating nature. A special experimental design is required to test the key predictions from the random walk model. Another question that has interested the cell migration community for decades concerns the existence of chemotactic memory and its underlying mechanism. Although chemotactic memory has been suggested in various studies, a clear quantitative experimental demonstration will improve our understanding of the migratory memory effect. Motivated by these questions, we developed a microfluidic cell migration assay (so-called dual-docking chip or D 2 -Chip) that can test both the biased random walk model and the memory effect for neutrophil chemotaxis on a single chip enabled by multi-region gradient generation and dual-region cell alignment. Our results provide experimental support for the biased random walk model and chemotactic memory for neutrophil chemotaxis. Quantitative data analyses provide new insights into neutrophil chemotaxis and memory by making connections to entropic disorder, cell morphology and oscillating migratory response.

Obrazowania niskopułapowe w badaniach krajobrazu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bogdan Jankowicz

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Bezpieczeństwo technologii (lotów fotogrametrycznych, podniesienie ich jakości oraz obniżenie nakładów pracy i kosztów, również dotyczących późniejszych opracowań i aktualizacji, będących ich rezultatem – to problemy zawsze aktualne. Możliwość zastosowania w modelowaniu 3D dla analiz przestrzennych obrazów terenu z lotów na niskich pułapach, kilkadziesiąt metrów nad terenem, bezzałogowych, małych platform lotniczych (BŚL, wyposażonych w niewielkie kamery cyfrowe wydaje się godna uwagi. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono próbę zastosowania do modelowania 3D terenu obrazów definiowanych jako niskopułapowe, czyli obrazów rejestrowanych z bezzałogowych środków (platform lotniczych (BŚL z niskich pułapów lotniczych, tj. wysokości lotu nie przekraczającej 100 metrów nad średnim poziomem obrazowanego terenu.

Michał Kalecki i problem racjonalnej alokacji zasobów w socjalizmie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Damian Winczewski

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja poglądów Michała Kaleckiego i jego zwolenników na temat racjonalnej kalkulacji i alokacji zasobów w gospodarce socjalistycznej, a także próba zestawienia tych poglądów z poglądami zwolenników zarówno kapitalizmu, jak i alternatywnych modeli socjalizmu. Pod tym kątem przeanalizowano artykuły polskiego ekonomisty dotyczące schematu tworzenia się cen w kapitalizmie i socjalizmie, roli klasy robotniczej oraz systemu bodźców i sposobu zarządzania gospodarką. W artykule omówiono też poglądy autorów, którzy bazując na pracach Kaleckiego, podjęli się polemiki z obiegową narracją wyjaśniającą porażkę realnego socjalizmu. Zarówno realny kapitalizm, jak i realny socjalizm zmagają się z problemami niedoskonałej informacji i miękkich budżetów, nie istnieje również doskonały model zarządzania gospodarką, w związku z tym nie są to bezpośrednie przyczyny niepowodzenia projektu socjalistycznego. Oprócz problemu innowacji i optymalnych nakładów inwestycyjnych z perspektywy kaleckiańskiej zasadniczym problemem socjalizmu wydaje się ustanowienie właściwych stosunków produkcji w marksistowskim sensie, rozumianych jako zdemokratyzowanie relacji pomiędzy klasą robotniczą a warstwą zarządzającą produkcją.

Progress on TSV technology for Medipix3RX chip

Science.gov (United States)

Sarajlić, M.; Pennicard, D.; Smoljanin, S.; Fritzsch, T.; Zoschke, K.; Graafsma, H.

2017-12-01

The progress of Through Silicon Via (TSV) technology for Medipix3RX chip done at DESY is presented here. The goal of this development is to replace the wire bonds in X-ray detectors with TSVs, in order to reduce the dead area between detectors. We obtained the first working chips assembled together with Si based sensors for X-ray detection. The 3D integration technology, including TSV, Re-distribution layer deposition, bump bonding to the Si sensor and bump bonding to the carrier PCB, was done by Fraunhofer Institute IZM in Berlin. After assembly, the module was successfully tested by recording background radiation and making X-ray images of small objects. The active area of the Medipix3RX chip is 14.1 mm×14.1 mm or 256×256 pixels. During TSV processing, the Medipix3RX chip was thinned from 775 μm original thickness, to 130 μm. The diameter of the vias is 40 μm, and the pitch between the vias is 120 μm. A liner filling approach was used to contact the TSV with the RDL on the backside of the Medipix3RX readout chip.

3D integrated superconducting qubits

Science.gov (United States)

Rosenberg, D.; Kim, D.; Das, R.; Yost, D.; Gustavsson, S.; Hover, D.; Krantz, P.; Melville, A.; Racz, L.; Samach, G. O.; Weber, S. J.; Yan, F.; Yoder, J. L.; Kerman, A. J.; Oliver, W. D.

2017-10-01

As the field of quantum computing advances from the few-qubit stage to larger-scale processors, qubit addressability and extensibility will necessitate the use of 3D integration and packaging. While 3D integration is well-developed for commercial electronics, relatively little work has been performed to determine its compatibility with high-coherence solid-state qubits. Of particular concern, qubit coherence times can be suppressed by the requisite processing steps and close proximity of another chip. In this work, we use a flip-chip process to bond a chip with superconducting flux qubits to another chip containing structures for qubit readout and control. We demonstrate that high qubit coherence (T1, T2,echo > 20 μs) is maintained in a flip-chip geometry in the presence of galvanic, capacitive, and inductive coupling between the chips.

All-MXene (2D titanium carbide) solid-state microsupercapacitors for on-chip energy storage

KAUST Repository

Peng, You-Yu

2016-08-01

On-chip energy storage is a rapidly evolving research topic, opening doors for integration of batteries and supercapacitors at microscales on rigid and flexible platforms. Recently, a new class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (so-called MXenes) has shown great promise in electrochemical energy storage applications. Here, we report the fabrication of all-MXene (Ti3C2Tx) solid-state interdigital microsupercapacitors by employing a solution spray-coating, followed by a photoresist-free direct laser cutting method. Our prototype devices consisted of two layers of Ti3C2Tx with two different flake sizes. The bottom layer was stacked large-size MXene flakes (typical lateral dimensions of 3-6 μm) serving mainly as current collectors. The top layer was made of small-size MXene flakes (~1 μm) with a large number of defects and edges as the electroactive layer responsible for energy storage. Compared to Ti3C2Tx micro-supercapacitors with platinum current collectors, the all-MXene devices exhibited much lower contact resistance, higher capacitances and better rate-capabilities. The areal and volumetric capacitances of ~27 mF cm-2 and ~337 F cm-3, respectively, at a scan rate of 20 mV s-1 were achieved. The devices also demonstrated their excellent cyclic stability, with 100% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV s-1. This study opens up a plethora of possible designs for high-performance on-chip devices employing different chemistries, flake sizes and morphologies of MXenes and their heterostructures.

All-MXene (2D titanium carbide) solid-state microsupercapacitors for on-chip energy storage

KAUST Repository

Peng, You-Yu; Akuzum, Bilen; Kurra, Narendra; Zhao, Meng-Qiang; Alhabeb, Mohamed; Anasori, Babak; Kumbur, Emin Caglan; Alshareef, Husam N.; Ger, Ming-Der; Gogotsi, Yury

2016-01-01

On-chip energy storage is a rapidly evolving research topic, opening doors for integration of batteries and supercapacitors at microscales on rigid and flexible platforms. Recently, a new class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (so-called MXenes) has shown great promise in electrochemical energy storage applications. Here, we report the fabrication of all-MXene (Ti3C2Tx) solid-state interdigital microsupercapacitors by employing a solution spray-coating, followed by a photoresist-free direct laser cutting method. Our prototype devices consisted of two layers of Ti3C2Tx with two different flake sizes. The bottom layer was stacked large-size MXene flakes (typical lateral dimensions of 3-6 μm) serving mainly as current collectors. The top layer was made of small-size MXene flakes (~1 μm) with a large number of defects and edges as the electroactive layer responsible for energy storage. Compared to Ti3C2Tx micro-supercapacitors with platinum current collectors, the all-MXene devices exhibited much lower contact resistance, higher capacitances and better rate-capabilities. The areal and volumetric capacitances of ~27 mF cm-2 and ~337 F cm-3, respectively, at a scan rate of 20 mV s-1 were achieved. The devices also demonstrated their excellent cyclic stability, with 100% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV s-1. This study opens up a plethora of possible designs for high-performance on-chip devices employing different chemistries, flake sizes and morphologies of MXenes and their heterostructures.

Microfluidic Platform for the Long-Term On-Chip Cultivation of Mammalian Cells for Lab-On-A-Chip Applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Bunge, Frank; Driesche, Sander van den; Vellekoop, Michael J

2017-07-10

Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) applications for the long-term analysis of mammalian cells are still very rare due to the lack of convenient cell cultivation devices. The difficulties are the integration of suitable supply structures, the need of expensive equipment like an incubator and sophisticated pumps as well as the choice of material. The presented device is made out of hard, but non-cytotoxic materials (silicon and glass) and contains two vertical arranged membranes out of hydrogel. The porous membranes are used to separate the culture chamber from two supply channels for gases and nutrients. The cells are fed continuously by diffusion through the membranes without the need of an incubator and low requirements on the supply of medium to the assembly. The diffusion of oxygen is modelled in order to find the optimal dimensions of the chamber. The chip is connected via 3D-printed holders to the macroscopic world. The holders are coated with Parlyene C to ensure that only biocompatible materials are in contact with the culture medium. The experiments with MDCK-cells show the successful seeding inside the chip, culturing and passaging. Consequently, the presented platform is a step towards Lab-on-a-Chip applications that require long-term cultivation of mammalian cells.

STUDY OF CHIP IGNITION AND CHIP MORPHOLOGY AFTER MILLING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ireneusz Zagórski

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The paper analyses the impact of specified technological parameters of milling (vc, fz, ap on time to ignition. Stages leading to chip ignition were analysed. Metallographic images of magnesium chip were presented. No significant difference was observed in time to ignition in different chip fractions. Moreover, the surface of chips was free of products of ignition and signs of strong oxidation.

The Advances, Challenges and Future Possibilities of Millimeter-Wave Chip-to-Chip Interconnections for Multi-Chip Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amlan Ganguly

2018-02-01

Full Text Available With aggressive scaling of device geometries, density of manufacturing faults is expected to increase. Therefore, yield of complex Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chips (MP-SoCs will decrease due to higher probability of manufacturing defects especially, in dies with large area. Therefore, disintegration of large SoCs into smaller chips called chiplets will improve yield and cost of complex platform-based systems. This will also provide functional flexibility, modular scalability as well as the capability to integrate heterogeneous architectures and technologies in a single unit. However, with scaling of the number of chiplets in such a system, the shared resources in the system such as the interconnection fabric and memory modules will become performance bottlenecks. Additionally, the integration of heterogeneous chiplets operating at different frequencies and voltages can be challenging. State-of-the-art inter-chip communication requires power-hungry high-speed I/O circuits and data transfer over long wired traces on substrates. This increases energy consumption and latency while decreasing data bandwidth for chip-to-chip communication. In this paper, we explore the advances and the challenges of interconnecting a multi-chip system with millimeter-wave (mm-wave wireless interconnects from a variety of perspectives spanning multiple aspects of the wireless interconnection design. Our discussion on the recent advances include aspects such as interconnection topology, physical layer, Medium Access Control (MAC and routing protocols. We also present some potential paradigm-shifting applications as well as complementary technologies of wireless inter-chip communications.

Struktura kapitałowa przedsiębiorstw w świetle wyników badań

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANNA BIAŁEK-JAWORSKA

2015-04-01

Full Text Available W artykule poruszono kwestie wyboru między wewnętrznymi a zewnętrznymi źródłami finansowania przedsiębiorstw i czynników go determinujących z punktu widzenia rachunkowości, teorii finansów i wyników badań empirycznych. Celem artykułu jest systematyzacja i ocena aktualnego stanu badań nad determinantami struktury kapitałowej przedsiębiorstw z uwzględnieniem konstrukcji miar dźwigni i czynników wpływających na decyzje w zakresie wyboru źródeł finansowania, tj. zmiennych objaśniających stosowanych w regresjach struktury kapitałowej badanych przedsiębiorstw. Teorie finansów przedsiębiorstw nie dają jednoznacznej odpowiedzi co do determinant struktury kapitałowej, czego przykładem są wykluczające się teorie hierarchii źródeł finansowania (pecking order i substytucji (trade-off. Dlatego też determinanty struktury kapitałowej przedsiębiorstw pobudzają zainteresowanie licznych badaczy weryfikujących aplikowalność teorii finansów, wpływ systemu prawnego i gospodarczego, sytuacji makroekonomicznej, ale też zróżnicowanie determinant w zależności od terminu zapadalności długu, fazy cyklu życia i jakości sprawozdawczości.

Experiment list: SRX203399 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available r lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immuno...logy, 2d ed, p20) 30508063,94.1,4.3,15496 GSM1033764: MM.1S RNAPII JQ1 JL ChipSeq;

Lusztig symmetries and Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt basis for wU{sub r,s}{sup d}(osp(1|2n))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Junli [Mathematics and Information College, Langfang Teachers' College, Langfang 065000 (China); College of Applied Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 (China); Yang, Shilin [College of Applied Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 (China)

2013-12-15

We investigate a new kind of two-parameter weak quantized superalgebra wU{sub r,s}{sup d}(osp(1|2n)), which is a weak Hopf superalgebra. It has a homomorphic image which is isomorphic to the usual two-parameter quantum superalgebra U{sub r,s}(osp(1|2n)) of osp(1|2n). We also discuss the basis of wU{sub r,s}{sup d}(osp(1|2n)) by Lusztig's symmetries.

An asymmetric MOSFET-C band-pass filter with on-chip charge pump auto-tuning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Fangxiong; Ma Heping; Jia Hailong; Shi Yin; Lin Min; Dai, Forster

2009-01-01

An asymmetric MOSFET-C band-pass filter (BPF) with on chip charge pump auto-tuning is presented. It is implemented in UMC (United Manufacturing Corporation) 0.18 μm CMOS process technology. The filter system with auto-tuning uses a master-slave technique for continuous tuning in which the charge pump outputs 2.663 V, much higher than the power supply voltage, to improve the linearity of the filter. The main filter with third order low-pass and second order high-pass properties is an asymmetric band-pass filter with bandwidth of 2.730-5.340 MHz. The in-band third order harmonic input intercept point (IIP3) is 16.621 dBm, with 50 Ω as the source impedance. The input referred noise is about 47.455 μV rms . The main filter dissipates 3.528 mW while the auto-tuning system dissipates 2.412 mW from a 1.8 V power supply. The filter with the auto-tuning system occupies 0.592 mm 2 and it can be utilized in GPS (global positioning system) and Bluetooth systems. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

An asymmetric MOSFET-C band-pass filter with on-chip charge pump auto-tuning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen Fangxiong; Ma Heping; Jia Hailong; Shi Yin [Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083 (China); Lin Min [Suzhou-CAS Semiconductors Integrated Technology Research Center, Suzhou 215021 (China); Dai, Forster, E-mail: fxchen@semi.ac.c [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849 (United States)

2009-08-15

An asymmetric MOSFET-C band-pass filter (BPF) with on chip charge pump auto-tuning is presented. It is implemented in UMC (United Manufacturing Corporation) 0.18 {mu}m CMOS process technology. The filter system with auto-tuning uses a master-slave technique for continuous tuning in which the charge pump outputs 2.663 V, much higher than the power supply voltage, to improve the linearity of the filter. The main filter with third order low-pass and second order high-pass properties is an asymmetric band-pass filter with bandwidth of 2.730-5.340 MHz. The in-band third order harmonic input intercept point (IIP3) is 16.621 dBm, with 50 {Omega} as the source impedance. The input referred noise is about 47.455 {mu}V{sub rms}. The main filter dissipates 3.528 mW while the auto-tuning system dissipates 2.412 mW from a 1.8 V power supply. The filter with the auto-tuning system occupies 0.592 mm{sup 2} and it can be utilized in GPS (global positioning system) and Bluetooth systems. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

Surface damage of W exposed to combined stationary D plasma and ELMs-like pulsed plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jia, Y.Z., E-mail: jaja880816@aliyun.com [Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213 (China); Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Liu, W., E-mail: liuw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn [Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Xu, B.; Qu, S.L. [Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Morgan, T.W. [FOM Institute DIFFER-Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612AJ Eindhoven (Netherlands)

2017-04-15

The surface damage of W under D plasma and ELMs-like transient heat loads was studied by combined stationary and pulsed D plasma. Low-flux transient heat loads will promote blister formation due to the gas expansion inside the blisters. On the contrary, high-flux transient heat loads will mitigate blistering due to the high surface temperature. Therefore, blistering on W surface first increased and then decreased with the increasing transient heat loads. The promotion effect of pulsed plasma on blistering is more obvious on [001] and [110] surfaces than on [111] surface, and the orientation dependence of blisters was mitigated by the transient heat loads. Surface modification induced by transient heat loads only formed on [001] and [110] surfaces, but did not form on [111] surface. The orientation dependence of surface modification was mainly due to the slipping system of dislocations.

Design, realization and test of a rad-hard 2D-compressor and packing chip for high energy physics experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antinori, Samuele; Falchieri, Davide; Gabrielli, Alessandro; Gandolfi, Enzo

2004-01-01

CARLOSv3 is a third version of a chip that plays a significant role in the data acquisition chain of the A Large Ion Collider Experiment Inner Tracking System experiment. It has been designed and realized with a 0.25 μm CMOS 3-metal rad-hard digital library. The chip elaborates and compresses, by means of a bi-dimensional compressor, data belonging to a so-called event. The compressor looks for cross-shaped clusters within the whole data set coming from the silicon detector. To test the chip a specific PCB has been designed; it contains the connectors for probing the ASIC with a pattern generator and a logic state analyzer. The chip is inserted on the PCB using a ZIF socket. This allows to test the 35 packaged samples out of the total amount of bare chips we have from the foundry. The test phase has shown that 32 out of 35 chips under test work well. It is planned to redesign a new version of the chip by adding extra features and to submit the final version of CARLOS upon the final DAQ chain will be totally tested both in Bologna and at CERN

Morphologies and optical and electrical properties of InGaN/GaN micro-square array light-emitting diode chips.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Dan; Ma, Shufang; Jia, Zhigang; Liu, Peizhi; Jia, Wei; Shang, Lin; Zhai, Guangmei; Xu, Bingshe

2018-04-10

InGaN/GaN micro-square array light-emitting diode (LED) chips (micro-chips) have been prepared via the focused ion beam (FIB) etching technique, which can not only reduce ohmic contact degradation but also control the aspect ratio precisely in three-dimensional (3D) structure LED (3D-LED) device fabrication. The effects of FIB beam current and micro-square array depth on morphologies and optical and electrical properties of the micro-chips have been studied. Our results show that sidewall surface morphology and optical and electrical properties of the micro-chips degrade with increased beam current. After potassium hydroxide etching with different times, an optimal current-voltage and luminescence performance can be obtained. Combining the results of cathodoluminescence mappings and light output-current characteristics, the light extraction efficiency of the micro-chips is reduced as FIB etch depth increases. The mechanisms of micro-square depth on light extraction have been revealed by 3D finite difference time domain.

Experiment list: SRX212464 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available o sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=CD4+CD25-CD45RA- expanded memory conventional T cells || donor=D || cell typ...e=CD4+CD25-CD45RA- expanded memory conventional T cells || chip antibody=H3K4me1

Experiment list: SRX212460 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available o sapiens; ChIP-Seq source_name=CD4+CD25-CD45RA- expanded memory conventional T cells || donor=D || cell typ...e=CD4+CD25-CD45RA- expanded memory conventional T cells || chip antibody=H3K27ac

Topiramat – przegląd wybranych artykułów

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrzej Klimek

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Padaczka stanowi poważny problem epidemiologiczny z powodu znacznego rozpowszechnienia, a także terapeutyczny ze względu na odsetek przypadków lekooporności wynoszący 30%. W związku z tym położono nacisk na proces zsyntetyzowania nowych leków przeciwpadaczkowych (LPP, które będzie cechować większa skuteczność niż dotychczasowych. Pomimo wprowadzenia do obrotu ponad dziesięciu LPP drugiej generacji odsetek przypadków padaczki lekoopornej nie uległ zmianie, aczkolwiek u pojedynczych chorych wykazały one wyższość nad preparatami stosowanymi tradycyjnie. Do leków przeciwpadaczkowych drugiej generacji należy między innymi topiramat (TPM, cechujący się unikalną budową chemiczną (pochodna fruktopiranozy. W Polsce został wprowadzony do obrotu w 1998 roku. W niniejszej pracy opisano właściwości farmakokinetyczne, jak również zastosowanie TPM jako terapii dodanej w napadach padaczkowych uogólnionych i napadach częściowych oraz jako monoterapii w tego typu napadach. Topiramat ma wielokierunkowy mechanizm działania. Jest silnym blokerem kanałów sodowych, a także wpływa na kanały wapniowe, zwiększa aktywność receptorów GABA, blokuje typ kainowy/AMPA receptorów glutaminowych, jest słabym inhibitorem anhydrozy węglanowej. Omówiono dodatkowo możliwości zastosowania TPM w status epilepticus. Zwrócono uwagę na koszt leczenia topiramatem w porównaniu z takimi lekami, jak kwas walproinowy, oraz wpływ na jakość życia w porównaniu na przykład z lamotryginą. Opisano objawy uboczne, przyglądając się bliżej przyczynie spadku wagi przy zastosowaniu TPM oraz możliwości wystąpienia kwasicy metabolicznej, kamicy nerkowej oraz zmniejszonej potliwości. Podkreślono zalety stosowania topiramatu na tle innych LPP.

Doświadczalna analiza współczynników oporów lokalnych na kolankach w systemach przewodów wielowarstwowych

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Krystyna Gietka

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Zastosowanie tworzyw sztucznych jako materiału do budowy instalacji wymusiło konieczność weryfikacji dostępnych obecnie informacji dotyczących wartości współczynników oporów lokalnych, które stanowią niezbędną wiedzę potrzebną do obliczania wartości strat energii mechanicznej, jakie powstają w trakcie przepływu. Współczynniki te mają duże znaczenie w obliczeniach hydraulicznych wymiarowanej instalacji. Wpływają one na końcowy wynik w istotny sposób, dlatego nieprawidłowe ich przyjęcie może prowadzić do poważnych w skutkach błędów. Niestety wartości podawane przez producentów, normy czy też literaturę są inne w porównaniu z wartościami uzyskiwanymi metodą doświadczalnych badań. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały wyniki badań doświadczalnych, mających na celu wyznaczenie wartości współczynników oporów lokalnych na kolankach 90° trzech określonych średnic, pochodzących od czterech wybranych producentów systemów instalacyjnych. Otrzymane wartości współczynników oporów lokalnych porównano z wartościami, jakie podawane są przez producenta złączek, wyznaczonymi według normy PN-76/M-34034: 1976 oraz dostępnymi w literaturze przedmiotu.

SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: An asymmetric MOSFET-C band-pass filter with on-chip charge pump auto-tuning

Science.gov (United States)

Fangxiong, Chen; Min, Lin; Heping, Ma; Hailong, Jia; Yin, Shi; Forster, Dai

2009-08-01

An asymmetric MOSFET-C band-pass filter (BPF) with on chip charge pump auto-tuning is presented. It is implemented in UMC (United Manufacturing Corporation) 0.18 μm CMOS process technology. The filter system with auto-tuning uses a master-slave technique for continuous tuning in which the charge pump outputs 2.663 V, much higher than the power supply voltage, to improve the linearity of the filter. The main filter with third order low-pass and second order high-pass properties is an asymmetric band-pass filter with bandwidth of 2.730-5.340 MHz. The in-band third order harmonic input intercept point (IIP3) is 16.621 dBm, with 50 Ω as the source impedance. The input referred noise is about 47.455 μVrms. The main filter dissipates 3.528 mW while the auto-tuning system dissipates 2.412 mW from a 1.8 V power supply. The filter with the auto-tuning system occupies 0.592 mm2 and it can be utilized in GPS (global positioning system) and Bluetooth systems.

Trafność prognostyczna wskaźników osiągnięć gimnazjalnych względem wyników maturalnych dziewcząt i chłopców

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karolina Świst

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Artykuł został poświęcony różnicom w trafności prognostycznej wskaźników osiągnięć gimnazjalnych (oceny, średnia ocen, wyniki egzaminu w analizach przewidywania wyników maturalnych wśród dziewcząt i chłopców. Na różnice w wynikach może wpływać wiele czynników – psychologicznych, społecznych oraz związanych z właściwościami arkuszy testowych. Można więc przyjąć hipotezę o różnej mocy prognostycznej tych wskaźników wśród dziewcząt i chłopców. Przeanalizowane zostały dwie kohorty: osób zdających egzamin gimnazjalny w latach 2011 i 2012 oraz maturę w latach 2014 i 2015. Analizy przeprowadzono przy pomocy hierarchicznych modeli liniowych oraz modelowania IRT. Wyniki wskazują na różnice w funkcjonowaniu wskaźników osiągnięć w zależności od płci oraz dziedziny egzaminu (język polski, matematyka. Wyniki egzaminów i oceny szkolne pozwalają przewidywać sukces ucznia, jednak różnice w trafności prognostycznej wśród chłopców i dziewcząt są niewielkie.

Efficient on-chip hotspot removal combined solution of thermoelectric cooler and mini-channel heat sink

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hao, Xiaohong; Peng, Bei; Xie, Gongnan; Chen, Yi

2016-01-01

Highlights: • A combined solution of thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and mini-channel heat sink to remove the hotspot of the chip has been proposed. • The TEC's mathematical model is established to assess its work performance. • A comparative study on the proposed efficient On-Chip Hotspot Removal Combined Solution. - Abstract: Hotspot will significantly degrade the reliability and performance of the electronic equipment. The efficient removal of hotspot can make the temperature distribution uniform, and ensure the reliable operation of the electronic equipment. This study proposes a combined solution of thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and mini-channel heat sink to remove the hotspot of the chip in the electronic equipment. Firstly, The TEC's mathematical model is established to assess its work performance under different boundary conditions. Then, the hotspot removal capability of the TEC is discussed for different cooling conditions, which has shown that the combined equipment has better hotspot removal capability compared with others. Finally, A TEC is employed to investigate the hotspot removal capacity of the combined solution, and the results have indicated that it can effectively remove hotspot in the diameter of 0.5 mm, the power density of 600W/cm 2 when its working current is 3A and heat transfer thermal resistance is 0 K/W.

Finite W-algebras and intermediate statistics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barbarin, F.; Ragoucy, E.; Sorba, P.

1995-01-01

New realizations of finite W-algebras are constructed by relaxing the usual constraint conditions. Then finite W-algebras are recognized in the Heisenberg quantization recently proposed by Leinaas and Myrheim, for a system of two identical particles in d dimensions. As the anyonic parameter is directly associated to the W-algebra involved in the d=1 case, it is natural to consider that the W-algebra framework is well adapted for a possible generalization of the anyon statistics. ((orig.))

Działania w zakresie kontroli zanieczyszczenia powietrza w odlewniach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Margraf

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Rozwiązania dotyczące kontroli zanieczyszczenia powietrza mogą być rozumiane nie tylko jako przestrzeganie wymaganych wartościpoziomów emisji na wylocie z emitora. Efektywna ochrona środowiska zaczyna się obecnie już od zminimalizowania emisjizanieczyszczeń bezpośrednio u ich źródła, prowadząc w ten sposób do zminimalizowania objętości przepływu gazów dla konkretnychaplikacji. Ponadto system filtracyjny musi być skuteczny na poziomie wyższym niż 99%.Podczas wyboru konstrukcji filtra, należy przede wszystkich wziąć pod uwagę dużą jego niezawodność, przy zapewnieniu zachowaniaodpowiednich wartości poziomów emisji. Nawet tymczasowa produkcja wymaga sprawnie działającego filtra.Dodatkowe systemy odzysku ciepła, podczas projektowania instalacji odpylających, pomagają ograniczyć zużycie energii orazprzyczyniają się do bardziej skutecznej ochrony środowiska.Konsekwentne przestrzeganie wyżej wymienionych założeń stanowi również warunek, którego osiągnięcie umożliwia skutecznąochronę środowiska w odlewniach. W artykule powyższe kwestie omawiane będą z punktu widzenia konstruktora instalacji.

Aleja Dębowa w Uluczu, Gmina Dydnia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joanna Renda

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Aleje przydrożne są ważnym, kulturowym elementem krajobrazu Polski. Utworzone z długowiecznych gatunków drzew często pozostają świadkami dawnych wydarzeń i zachwycają monumentalnym wyglądem. W artykule przedstawiono rys historycz -ny i inwentaryzację alei dębowej w miejscowości Ulucz, w gminie Dydnia.

A proposed holistic approach to on-chip, off-chip, test, and package interconnections

Science.gov (United States)

Bartelink, Dirk J.

1998-11-01

The term interconnection has traditionally implied a `robust' connection from a transistor or a group of transistors in an IC to the outside world, usually a PC board. Optimum system utilization is done from outside the IC. As an alternative, this paper addresses `unimpeded' transistor-to-transistor interconnection aimed at reaching the high circuit densities and computational capabilities of neighboring IC's. In this view, interconnections are not made to some human-centric place outside the IC world requiring robustness—except for system input and output connections. This unimpeded interconnect style is currently available only through intra-chip signal traces in `system-on-a-chip' implementations, as exemplified by embedded DRAMs. Because the traditional off-chip penalty in performance and wiring density is so large, a merging of complex process technologies is the only option today. It is suggested that, for system integration to move forward, the traditional robustness requirement inherited from conventional packaging interconnect and IC manufacturing test must be discarded. Traditional system assembly from vendor parts requires robustness under shipping, inspection and assembly. The trend toward systems on a chip signifies willingness by semiconductor companies to design and fabricate whole systems in house, so that `in-house' chip-to-chip assembly is not beyond reach. In this scenario, bare chips never leave the controlled environment of the IC fabricator while the two major contributors to off-chip signal penalty, ESD protection and the need to source a 50-ohm test head, are avoided. With in-house assembly, ESD protection can be eliminated with the precautions already familiar in plasma etching. Test interconnection impacts the fundamentals of IC manufacturing, particularly with clock speeds approaching 1GHz, and cannot be an afterthought. It should be an integral part of the chip-to-chip interconnection bandwidth optimization, because—as we must

A scalable single-chip multi-processor architecture with on-chip RTOS kernel

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Theelen, B.D.; Verschueren, A.C.; Reyes Suarez, V.V.; Stevens, M.P.J.; Nunez, A.

2003-01-01

Now that system-on-chip technology is emerging, single-chip multi-processors are becoming feasible. A key problem of designing such systems is the complexity of their on-chip interconnects and memory architecture. It is furthermore unclear at what level software should be integrated. An example of a

A full on-chip CMOS low-dropout voltage regulator with VCCS compensation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Leisheng; Zhou Yumei; Wu Bin; Jiang Jianhua

2010-01-01

A full on-chip CMOS low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator with high PSR is presented. Instead of relying on the zero generated by the load capacitor and its equivalent series resistance, the proposed LDO generates a zero by voltage-controlled current sources for stability. The compensating capacitor for the proposed scheme is only 0.18 pF, which is much smaller than the capacitor of the conventional compensation scheme. The full on-chip LDO was fabricated in commercial 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The active chip area of the LDO (including the bandgap voltage reference) is 400 x 270 μm 2 . Experimental results show that the PSR of the LDO is -58.7 dB at a frequency of 10 Hz and -20 dB at a frequency of 1 MHz. The proposed LDO is capable of sourcing an output current up to 50 mA. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

Finite W-algebras and intermediate statistics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barbarin, F.; Ragoucy, E.; Sorba, P.

1994-09-01

New realizations of finite W-algebras are constructed by relaxing the usual conditions. Then finite W-algebras are recognized in the Heisenberg quantization recently proposed by Leinaas and Myrheim, for a system of two identical particles in d dimensions. As the anyonic parameter is directly associated to the W-algebra involved in the d=1 case, it is natural to consider that the W-algebra framework is well adapted for a possible generalization of the anyon statistics. (author). 13 refs

Etapy postępowania przymusowego w administracji względem obowiązków niepieniężnych w prawie Polski i Niemiec

OpenAIRE

Ostojski, Przemysław

2013-01-01

Wydział Prawa i Administracji Treść pracy dotyczy nie poruszanego jak dotąd szerzej w polskiej doktrynie prawa i orzecznictwie sądowoadministracyjnym tematu etapów postępowania egzekucyjnego w administracji w Polsce i w Niemczech. W założeniu opracowanie ma być próbą wykazania, iż polskie postępowanie egzekucyjne, podobnie jak niemieckie, składa się z trzech etapów. Wszystkie te etapy w prawie polskim odpowiadają zasadniczo budowie postępowania egzekucyjnego względem obowiązków pieniężnych...

The effect of Cytochalasin D on F-Actin behavior of single-cell electroendocytosis using multi-chamber micro cell chip

KAUST Repository

Lin, Ran

2012-03-01

Electroendocytosis (EED) is a pulsed-electric-field (PEF) induced endocytosis, facilitating cells uptake molecules through nanometer-sized EED vesicles. We herein investigate the effect of a chemical inhibitor, Cytochalasin D (CD) on the actin-filaments (F-Actin) behavior of single-cell EED. The CD concentration (C CD) can control the depolymerization of F-actin. A multi-chamber micro cell chip was fabricated to study the EED under different conditions. Large-scale single-cell data demonstrated EED highly depends on both electric field and C CD. © 2012 IEEE.

The effect of Cytochalasin D on F-Actin behavior of single-cell electroendocytosis using multi-chamber micro cell chip

KAUST Repository

Lin, Ran; Chang, Donald C.; Lee, Yi Kuen

2012-01-01

Electroendocytosis (EED) is a pulsed-electric-field (PEF) induced endocytosis, facilitating cells uptake molecules through nanometer-sized EED vesicles. We herein investigate the effect of a chemical inhibitor, Cytochalasin D (CD) on the actin-filaments (F-Actin) behavior of single-cell EED. The CD concentration (C CD) can control the depolymerization of F-actin. A multi-chamber micro cell chip was fabricated to study the EED under different conditions. Large-scale single-cell data demonstrated EED highly depends on both electric field and C CD. © 2012 IEEE.

Sequential and selective localized optical heating in water via on-chip dielectric nanopatterning.

Science.gov (United States)

Morsy, Ahmed M; Biswas, Roshni; Povinelli, Michelle L

2017-07-24

We study the use of nanopatterned silicon membranes to obtain optically-induced heating in water. We show that by varying the detuning between an absorptive optical resonance of the patterned membrane and an illumination laser, both the magnitude and response time of the temperature rise can be controlled. This allows for either sequential or selective heating of different patterned areas on chip. We obtain a steady-state temperature of approximately 100 °C for a 805.5nm CW laser power density of 66 µW/μm 2 and observe microbubble formation. The ability to spatially and temporally control temperature on the microscale should enable the study of heat-induced effects in a variety of chemical and biological lab-on-chip applications.

Krzyżacki murowany zamek komturski w Kłajpedzie w świetle średniowiecznych źródeł pisanych

OpenAIRE

Jóźwiak, Sławomir

2015-01-01

Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy źródeł udało się ustalić, że pierwszy gród (o charakterze drewniano-ziemnym) wzniesiono w Kłajpedzie w 1253 roku. Wbrew twierdzeniom dotychczasowych uczonych wspomniany w dokumencie z 1254 roku „Bergfried” był drewnianą wieżą zlokalizowaną w bliskim sąsiedztwie grodu na jakiejś wyspie w ujściu wód Zalewu Kurońskiego do Bałtyku. W 1290 roku warownię na planie czworoboku – prostokąta otaczał mur kamienny (potwierdzony w 1323 roku). Niestety, zabudowa przestr...

Chip compacting press; Jido kirikuzu asshukuki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oura, K. [Yuken Kogyo Co. Ltd., Kanagawa (Japan)

1998-08-15

The chips exhausted from various machine tools are massy, occupy much space and make working environment worse by staying added cutting oil to lower part. The chips are exhausted as a result of machining and have not constant quality. Even if used material is same the chips have various shapes and properties by kinds and machining methods of used machine tools, and are troublesome materials from a standpoint of their treatment. Pressing and solidification of the chips have frequently been tried. A chip compacting press introduced in this paper, a relatively cheap chip compacting press aimed for relatively small scale chip treatment, and has such characteristics and effects as follows. Chips are pressed and solidified by each raw material, so fractional management can be easily conducted. As casting metal chips and curled chips of iron and aluminum can be pressed to about 1/3 to 1/5 and about 1/40, respectively, space saving can be conducted. Chip compacting pressing upgrades its transporting efficiency to make possible to reduce its transporting cost. As chip solidification controls its oxidation and most cutting oil are removed, chips are easy to recycle. 2 figs., 1 tab.

In situ photo-immobilised pH gradient isoelectric focusing and zone electrophoresis integrated two-dimensional microfluidic chip electrophoresis for protein separation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Fengmin; Yu, Shiyong; Gu, Le; Zhu, Xuetao; Wang, Jianshe; Zhu, Han; Lu, Yi; Wang, Yihua; Deng, Yulin; Geng, Lina

2015-01-01

A method is introduced for open-column photo-induced site-selective immobilization of pH gradients in a layer of PEG-methacrylate in a multi-dimensional microfluidic chip for use in electrophoresis. It has several attractive features: (a) mixtures of fluorescently labelled proteins carbonic anhydrase, catalase and myoglobin in their native state can be separated by pH-gradient isoelectric focusing (IEF) and zone electrophoresis (CZE) using integrated 2D chip electrophoresis; (b) compared to strip packing or monolithic photo-immobilization, it overcomes the shortcomings of free carrier ampholyte-based 2D chip electrophoresis in an easy way; (c) larger amount of sample can be loaded into the open column-mode electrophoresis (d) immobilized pH gradients can be re-used and the chip can be recycled; (e) a multilayer 3D pH gradient is established by a layer-by-layer assembly technique to further increase the separation capacity. In our perception, this strategy has a large potential in microfluidic chip-based separation schemes because of its simplicity, separation power, re-usability, and separation capacity. (author)

Etyka w zawodzie specjalisty rachunkowości zarządczej w podręcznikach i kształceniu w Polsce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irena Sobańska

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Celem artykułu jest poznanie, jak środowisko naukowe rachunkowości wspiera zawód specjalisty ra- chunkowości zarządczej w uświadamianiu wysokich wymagań etycznych oczekiwanych od tego zawo- du. W artykule zostały przedstawione zagadnienia dotyczące etyki w zawodzie specjalisty rachunkowości zarządczej w świetle badań i standardów międzynarodowych oraz wyniki i wnioski z badań treści pol- skich podręczników akademickich i programów kształcenia. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły pozy- tywnie zweryfikować postawioną hipotezę, mówiącą, że w procesie kształcenia akademickiego zagad- nienia etyki zawodu specjalisty rachunkowości zarządczej nie są w ogóle lub w minimalnym zakresie objaśniane. Stanowi to wskazówkę do udoskonalenia programów kształcenia w badanym zakresie na uczelniach wyższych w Polsce.

On-chip electrochromic micro display for a disposable bio-sensor chip

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Yanjun; Tsukamoto, Takashiro; Tanaka, Shuji

2017-12-01

This paper reports an on-chip electrochromic micro display made of polyaniline (PANi) which can be easily made on a CMOS chip. Micro-patterned PANi thin films were selectively deposited on pre-patterned microelectrodes by using electrodeposition. The optimum conditions for deposition and electrochromism were investigated. An 8-pixel on-chip micro display was made on a Si chip. The color of each PANi film could be independently but simultaneously controlled, which means any 1-byte digital data could be displayed on the display. The PANi display had a response time as fast as about 100 ms, which means the transfer data rate was as fast as 80 bits per second.

Développement d'architectures HW/SW tolérantes aux fautes et auto-calibrantes pour les technologies Intégrées 3D

OpenAIRE

Pasca , Vladimir

2013-01-01

3D technology promises energy-efficient heterogeneous integrated systems, which may open the way to thousands cores chips. Silicon dies containing processing elements are stacked and connected by vertical wires called Through-Silicon-Vias. In 3D chips, interconnecting an increasing number of processing elements requires a scalable high-performance interconnect solution: the 3D Network-on-Chip. Despite the advantages of 3D integration, testing, reliability and yield remain the major challenges...

NEPP Evaluation of Automotive Grade Tantalum Chip Capacitors

Science.gov (United States)

Sampson, Mike; Brusse, Jay

2018-01-01

Automotive grade tantalum (Ta) chip capacitors are available at lower cost with smaller physical size and higher volumetric efficiency compared to military/space grade capacitors. Designers of high reliability aerospace and military systems would like to take advantage of these attributes while maintaining the high standards for long-term reliable operation they are accustomed to when selecting military-qualified established reliability tantalum chip capacitors (e.g., MIL-PRF-55365). The objective for this evaluation was to assess the long-term performance of off-the-shelf automotive grade Ta chip capacitors (i.e., manufacturer self-qualified per AEC Q-200). Two (2) lots of case size D manganese dioxide (MnO2) cathode Ta chip capacitors from 1 manufacturer were evaluated. The evaluation consisted of construction analysis, basic electrical parameter characterization, extended long-term (2000 hours) life testing and some accelerated stress testing. Tests and acceptance criteria were based upon manufacturer datasheets and the Automotive Electronics Council's AEC Q-200 qualification specification for passive electronic components. As-received a few capacitors were marginally above the specified tolerance for capacitance and ESR. X-ray inspection found that the anodes for some devices may not be properly aligned within the molded encapsulation leaving less than 1 mil thickness of the encapsulation. This evaluation found that the long-term life performance of automotive grade Ta chip capacitors is generally within specification limits suggesting these capacitors may be suitable for some space applications.

Dr. Monaco Examines Lab-on a-Chip

Science.gov (United States)

2003-01-01

Dr. Lisa Monaco, Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) project scientist for the Lab-on-a-Chip Applications Development (LOCAD) program, examines a lab on a chip. The small dots are actually ports where fluids and chemicals can be mixed or samples can be collected for testing. Tiny channels, only clearly visible under a microscope, form pathways between the ports. Many chemical and biological processes, previously conducted on large pieces of laboratory equipment, can now be performed on these small glass or plastic plates. Monaco and other researchers at MSFC in Huntsville, Alabama, are customizing the chips to be used for many space applications, such as monitoring microbes inside spacecraft and detecting life on other planets. The portable, handheld Lab-on-a Chip Application Development Portable Test System (LOCAD-PTS) made its debut flight aboard Discovery during the STS-116 mission launched December 9, 2006. The system allowed crew members to monitor their environment for problematic contaminants such as yeast, mold, and even E.coli, and salmonella. Once LOCAD-PTS reached the International Space Station (ISS), the Marshall team continued to manage the experiment, monitoring the study from a console in the Payload Operations Center at MSFC. The results of these studies will help NASA researchers refine the technology for future Moon and Mars missions. (NASA/MSFC/D.Stoffer)

A passive on-chip, superconducting circulator using rings of tunnel junctions

OpenAIRE

Müller, Clemens; Guan, Shengwei; Vogt, Nicolas; Cole, Jared H.; Stace, Thomas M.

2017-01-01

We present the design of a passive, on-chip microwave circulator based on a ring of superconducting tunnel junctions. We investigate two distinct physical realisations, based on either Josephson junctions (JJ) or quantum phase slip elements (QPS), with microwave ports coupled either capacitively (JJ) or inductively (QPS) to the ring structure. A constant bias applied to the center of the ring provides the symmetry breaking (effective) magnetic field, and no microwave or rf bias is required. W...

Ibuprofen-in-cyclodextrin-in-W/O/W emulsion - Improving the initial and long-term encapsulation efficiency of a model active ingredient.

Science.gov (United States)

Hattrem, Magnus N; Kristiansen, Kåre A; Aachmann, Finn L; Dille, Morten J; Draget, Kurt I

2015-06-20

A challenge in formulating water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions is the uncontrolled release of the encapsulated compound prior to application. Pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals usually have amphipathic nature, which may contribute to leakage of the active ingredient. In the present study, cyclodextrins (CyDs) were used to impart a change in the relative polarity and size of a model compound (ibuprofen) by the formation of inclusion complexes. Various inclusion complexes (2-hydroxypropyl (HP)-β-CyD-, α-CyD- and γ-CyD-ibuprofen) were prepared and presented within W/O/W emulsions, and the initial and long-term encapsulation efficiency was investigated. HP-β-CyD-ibuprofen provided the highest encapsulation of ibuprofen in comparison to a W/O/W emulsion with unassociated ibuprofen confined within the inner water phase, with a four-fold increase in the encapsulation efficiency. An improved, although lower, encapsulation efficiency was obtained for the inclusion complex γ-CyD-ibuprofen in comparison to HP-β-CyD-ibuprofen, whereas α-CyD-ibuprofen had a similar encapsulation efficiency to that of unassociated ibuprofen. The lower encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen in combination with α-CyD and γ-CyD was attributed to a lower association constant for the γ-CyD-ibuprofen inclusion complex and the ability of α-CyD to form inclusion complexes with fatty acids. For the W/O/W emulsion prepared with HP-β-CyD-ibuprofen, the highest encapsulation of ibuprofen was obtained at hyper- and iso-osmotic conditions and by using an excess molar ratio of CyD to ibuprofen. In the last part of the study, it was suggested that the chemical modification of the HP-β-CyD molecule did not influence the encapsulation of ibuprofen, as a similar encapsulation efficiency was obtained for an inclusion complex prepared with mono-1-glucose-β-CyD. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ból głowy wśród personelu medycznego = Headache among medical Staff

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dorota Kozak-Putowska

2016-06-01

3.       Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Polska     Adres do korespondencji: Prof. dr hab. med. Joanna Iłżecka Samodzielna Pracownia Rehabilitacji Neurologicznej UM w Lublinie 20-081 Lublin ul. S. Staszica 4/6 tel. 505569275 e-mail: joanna.ilzecka@umlub.pl   Abstrakt Wprowadzenie. Ból głowy jest powszechną dolegliwością mogącą wynikać z procesu chorobowego toczącego się w organizmie, jak też być skutkiem negatywnych zachowań zdrowotnych, nieprawidłowego stylu życia lub szkodliwych warunków pracy. Cel pracy. Analiza częstości i przyczyn występowania bólu głowy wśród personelu medycznego i jego wpływ na funkcjonowanie w pracy i wypełnianie obowiązków zawodowych. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto 145 osób, pracujących w szpitalach w Lublinie oraz Warszawie. Narzędziem badawczym był anonimowy kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki i wnioski. Stwierdzono, że średnio połowa badanego personelu medycznego jest zdania, że praca zawodowa, którą wykonują jest przyczyną bólu głowy. Wynika to z sytuacji stresowych mających związek ze specyfiką pracy oraz szkodliwych warunków pracy. Główna przyczyna bólu głowy wśród personelu medycznego to kontakt ze środkami do dezynfekcji powierzchni i skóry oraz kontakt z różnorodnymi środkami medycznymi i lekami.   Słowa kluczowe: ból głowy, kadry medyczne szpitala, praca zawodowa.   Abstract Introduction. Headache is a common condition that may result from an ongoing disease process in the body as well as be the result of negative health behaviors, improper lifestyle or harmful working conditions. Purpose. The aim of the work was the analysis of the frequency and the causes of headache among medical staff and its impact on the functioning of the working and professional duties. Material and methodology. The study group consisted of 145 people, chosen randomly,  working in hospitals in Lublin and Warsaw. The study was

A full on-chip CMOS low-dropout voltage regulator with VCCS compensation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao Leisheng; Zhou Yumei; Wu Bin; Jiang Jianhua, E-mail: gaoleisheng@ime.ac.c [Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 (China)

2010-08-15

A full on-chip CMOS low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator with high PSR is presented. Instead of relying on the zero generated by the load capacitor and its equivalent series resistance, the proposed LDO generates a zero by voltage-controlled current sources for stability. The compensating capacitor for the proposed scheme is only 0.18 pF, which is much smaller than the capacitor of the conventional compensation scheme. The full on-chip LDO was fabricated in commercial 0.35 {mu}m CMOS technology. The active chip area of the LDO (including the bandgap voltage reference) is 400 x 270 {mu}m{sup 2}. Experimental results show that the PSR of the LDO is -58.7 dB at a frequency of 10 Hz and -20 dB at a frequency of 1 MHz. The proposed LDO is capable of sourcing an output current up to 50 mA. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

A mixed signal multi-chip module with high speed serial output links for the ATLAS Level-1 trigger

CERN Document Server

Pfeiffer, U

2000-01-01

We have built and tested a mixed signal multi-chip module (MCM) to be used in the Level-1 Pre-Processor system for the Calorimeter Trigger of the ATLAS experiment at CERN. The MCM performs high speed digital signal processing on four analogue input signals. Results are transmitted serially at a serial data rate of 800 MBd. Nine chips of different technologies are mounted on a four layer Cu substrate. ADC converters and serialiser chips are the major consumers of electrical power on the MCM, which amounts to 9 W for all dies. Special cut-out areas are used to dissipate heat directly to the copper substrate. In this paper we report on design criteria, chosen MCM technology for substrate and die mounting, experiences with the MCM operation and measurement results. (4 refs).

Vertically integrated pixel readout chip for high energy physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deptuch, Grzegorz; Demarteau, Marcel; Hoff, James; Khalid, Farah; Lipton, Ronald; Shenai, Alpana; Trimpl, Marcel; Yarema, Raymond; Zimmerman, Tom

2011-01-01

We report on the development of the vertex detector pixel readout chips based on multi-tier vertically integrated electronics for the International Linear Collider. Some testing results of the VIP2a prototype are presented. The chip is the second iteration of the silicon implementation of the prototype, data-pushed concept of the readout developed at Fermilab. The device was fabricated in the 3D MIT-LL 0.15 (micro)m fully depleted SOI process. The prototype is a three-tier design, featuring 30 x 30 (micro)m 2 pixels, laid out in an array of 48 x 48 pixels.

Mało energochłonna utylizacja zasolonych wód kopalnianych w zintegrowanym systemie membranowo – wyparnym

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marian Turek

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Przedstawiono rozwiązanie, w którym woda zasolona poddawana jest wstępnemu uzdatnianiu metodą nanofiltracji (NF a następnie zatężaniu metodą wyparną lub w zintegrowanym układzie elektrodializa – odwrócona osmoza i dalszemu odparowaniu z krystalizacją chlorku sodu. Na przykładzie solanki z KWK Budryk wykazano, że uzysk soli, dzięki samemu zastosowaniu nanofiltracji, można zwiększyć z obecnej wartości 72,01% do 87,35%, a po dalszym usprawnieniu, polegającym na oczyszczaniu chemicznym, do 91,11% a nawet 99,1%. Wstępne uzdatnianie solanki metodą nanofiltracji, prowadzone w sposób opracowany przez Autorów w warunkach dużego przesycenia siarczanem wapnia z częściową recyrkulacją retentatu i kontrolowaną krystalizacją gipsu, daje możliwość zastosowania mało energochłonnych rozwiązań zatężania solanki. Na przykładzie solanki Budryk wykazano, że zużycie energii w procesie jej utylizacji można zmniejszyć z obecnych 888,7 kWh/t soli do 433,7-451,2 kWh/t soli, w przypadku zatężania solanki mało energochłonną metodą wyparną lub do 396,8 kWh/t soli w przypadku zatężania solanki w zintegrowanym układzie: elektrodializa – odwrócona osmoza. Proponowane rozwiązanie ma zostać przebadane w instalacji pilotowej w ramach projektu NANOS, finansowanego w programie TANGO2.

Spatially resolved photoionization of ultracold atoms on an atom chip

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kraft, S.; Guenther, A.; Fortagh, J.; Zimmermann, C.

2007-01-01

We report on photoionization of ultracold magnetically trapped Rb atoms on an atom chip. The atoms are trapped at 5 μK in a strongly anisotropic trap. Through a hole in the chip with a diameter of 150 μm, two laser beams are focused onto a fraction of the atomic cloud. A first laser beam with a wavelength of 778 nm excites the atoms via a two-photon transition to the 5D level. With a fiber laser at 1080 nm the excited atoms are photoionized. Ionization leads to depletion of the atomic density distribution observed by absorption imaging. The resonant ionization spectrum is reported. The setup used in this experiment is suitable not only to investigate mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates and ions but also for single-atom detection on an atom chip

Higher-spin extended conformal algebras and W-gravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hull, C.M.

1991-01-01

The construction of classical W 3 gravity is reviewed. It is suggested that the hidden symmetry for quantum W 3 gravity in the chiral gauge is not SL(3, R) but a group contraction of this, ISL(2, R). This is extended to W N gravity, and the case of W 4 gravity is presented in detail. The gauge transformations are realized on D free bosons, with the spin-n conserved current (2 ≤ n ≤ N) taking the form d sub(i i ...i n ) δ + Φ sup(i 1 ) δ + Φ sup(i n ) for some constant tensor d sub(i i ...i n ). The d-tensors must satisfy N-2 non-linear algebraic constraints and these constraints are shown to be satisfied if the d-tensors are taken to be the structure-tensors of an Nth degree Jordan algebra. The relation with Jordan algebras is used to give solutions of the d-tensor constraints for any value of D, N. The free-boson construction of the W N algebras is generalized to give a Sugaware-type construction of a large class of classical extended conformal algebras. The chiral gauging of any classical extended conformal algebra is shown to require only a linear Noether coupling to world-sheet gauge-fields, while gauging a non-chiral algebra in general leads to a non-polynomial action. A number of examples are examined, including W ∞ W-supergravity, Knizhnik-Berschadsky supergravity and 'W N/M ' algebras. Theories of higher-spin W-gravity of the type described are only possible in one and two space-time dimensions, and the one-dimensional cases is briefly discussed. The covariant formulation of W-gravity is briefly discussed and the relation between classical and quantum extended conformal algebras is analyzed. (orig.)

Design of a CMOS integrated on-chip oscilloscope for spin wave characterization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugen Egel

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Spin waves can perform some optically-inspired computing algorithms, e.g. the Fourier transform, directly than it is done with the CMOS logic. This article describes a new approach for on-chip characterization of spin wave based devices. The readout circuitry for the spin waves is simulated with 65-nm CMOS technology models. Commonly used circuits for Radio Frequency (RF receivers are implemented to detect a sinusoidal ultra-wideband (5-50 GHz signal with an amplitude of at least 15 μV picked up by a loop antenna. First, the RF signal is amplified by a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA. Then, it is down-converted by a mixer to Intermediate Frequency (IF. Finally, an Operational Amplifier (OpAmp brings the IF signal to higher voltages (50-300 mV. The estimated power consumption and the required area of the readout circuit is approximately 55.5 mW and 0.168 mm2, respectively. The proposed On-Chip Oscilloscope (OCO is highly suitable for on-chip spin wave characterization regarding the frequency, amplitude change and phase information. It offers an integrated low power alternative to current spin wave detecting systems.

Technology for On-Chip Qubit Control with Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Highstrete, Clark [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Quantum Information Sciences Dept.; Scott, Sean Michael [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). RF/Optoelectronics Dept.; Nordquist, Christopher D. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). RF/Optoelectronics Dept.; Sterk, Jonathan David [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Photonic Microsystem Technologies Dept.; Maunz, Peter Lukas Wilhelm [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Photonic Microsystem Technologies Dept.; Tigges, Christopher P. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Photonic Microsystem Technologies Dept.; Blain, Matthew Glenn [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Photonic Microsystem Technologies Dept.; Heller, Edwin J. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Microsystems Integration Dept.; Stevens, James E. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). MESAFab Operations 2 Dept.

2013-11-01

Trapped atomic ions are a leading physical system for quantum information processing. However, scalability and operational fidelity remain limiting technical issues often associated with optical qubit control. One promising approach is to develop on-chip microwave electronic control of ion qubits based on the atomic hyperfine interaction. This project developed expertise and capabilities at Sandia toward on-chip electronic qubit control in a scalable architecture. The project developed a foundation of laboratory capabilities, including trapping the ¹⁷¹Yb⁺ hyperfine ion qubit and developing an experimental microwave coherent control capability. Additionally, the project investigated the integration of microwave device elements with surface ion traps utilizing Sandia’s state-of-the-art MEMS microfabrication processing. This effort culminated in a device design for a multi-purpose ion trap experimental platform for investigating on-chip microwave qubit control, laying the groundwork for further funded R&D to develop on-chip microwave qubit control in an architecture that is suitable to engineering development.

SPAD array chips with full frame readout for crystal characterization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fischer, Peter; Blanco, Roberto; Sacco, Ilaria; Ritzert, Michael [Heidelberg University (Germany); Weyers, Sascha [Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems (Germany)

2015-05-18

We present single photon sensitive 2D camera chips containing 88x88 avalanche photo diodes which can be read out in full frame mode with up to 400.000 frames per second. The sensors have an imaging area of ~5mm x 5mm covered by square pixels of ~56µm x 56µm with a ~55% fill factor in the latest chip generation. The chips contain a self triggering logic with selectable (column) multiplicities of up to >=4 hits within an adjustable coincidence time window. The photon accumulation time window is programmable as well. First prototypes have demonstrated low dark count rates of <50kHz/mm2 (SPAD area) at 10 degree C for 10% masked pixels. One chip version contains an automated readout of the photon cluster position. The readout of the detailed photon distribution for single events allows the characterization of light sharing, optical crosstalk etc., in crystals or crystal arrays as they are used in PET instrumentation. This knowledge could lead to improvements in spatial or temporal resolution.

Design of analog-type high-speed SerDes using digital components for optical chip-to-chip link

Science.gov (United States)

Sangirov, Jamshid; Nguyen, Nga T. H.; Ngo, Trong-Hieu; Im, Dong-min; Ukaegbu, Augustine I.; Lee, Tae-Woo; Cho, Mu Hee; Park, Hyo-Hoon

2010-02-01

An analog-type high-speed serializer/deserializer (SerDes) has been designed for optical links especially between CPU and memory. The circuit uses a system clock and its phases to multiplex data to the serial link which avoids the need for a PLL-based high frequency clock generation used in serializing parallel data as in conventional SerDes design. The multiplexed link combined with the de-serializing clock is used as a reference signal for de-serialization. The SerDes is being designed in a 0.13 μm Si-CMOS technology. The fabricated serializer has a core chip size of 360 x750 μm2. Power dissipation for the SerDes is 71.4 mW operating up to 6.5 Gbps.

"Hook"-calibration of GeneChip-microarrays: Chip characteristics and expression measures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krohn Knut

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Microarray experiments rely on several critical steps that may introduce biases and uncertainty in downstream analyses. These steps include mRNA sample extraction, amplification and labelling, hybridization, and scanning causing chip-specific systematic variations on the raw intensity level. Also the chosen array-type and the up-to-dateness of the genomic information probed on the chip affect the quality of the expression measures. In the accompanying publication we presented theory and algorithm of the so-called hook method which aims at correcting expression data for systematic biases using a series of new chip characteristics. Results In this publication we summarize the essential chip characteristics provided by this method, analyze special benchmark experiments to estimate transcript related expression measures and illustrate the potency of the method to detect and to quantify the quality of a particular hybridization. It is shown that our single-chip approach provides expression measures responding linearly on changes of the transcript concentration over three orders of magnitude. In addition, the method calculates a detection call judging the relation between the signal and the detection limit of the particular measurement. The performance of the method in the context of different chip generations and probe set assignments is illustrated. The hook method characterizes the RNA-quality in terms of the 3'/5'-amplification bias and the sample-specific calling rate. We show that the proper judgement of these effects requires the disentanglement of non-specific and specific hybridization which, otherwise, can lead to misinterpretations of expression changes. The consequences of modifying probe/target interactions by either changing the labelling protocol or by substituting RNA by DNA targets are demonstrated. Conclusion The single-chip based hook-method provides accurate expression estimates and chip-summary characteristics

Pixel detector readout chip

CERN Multimedia

1991-01-01

Close-up of a pixel detector readout chip. The photograph shows an aera of 1 mm x 2 mm containing 12 separate readout channels. The entire chip contains 1000 readout channels (around 80 000 transistors) covering a sensitive area of 8 mm x 5 mm. The chip has been mounted on a silicon detector to detect high energy particles.

Active 2D materials for on-chip nanophotonics and quantum optics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shiue Ren-Jye

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Two-dimensional materials have emerged as promising candidates to augment existing optical networks for metrology, sensing, and telecommunication, both in the classical and quantum mechanical regimes. Here, we review the development of several on-chip photonic components ranging from electro-optic modulators, photodetectors, bolometers, and light sources that are essential building blocks for a fully integrated nanophotonic and quantum photonic circuit.

Układy zasilania silników spalinowych eksploatowanych w kopalniach węgla kamiennego na przykładzie rozwiązań ITG KOMAG.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piotr Dobrzaniecki,

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Silniki spalinowe z zapłonem samoczynnym są stosowane w kopalniach węgla kamiennego do napędu maszyn transportowych. Wzrastające wymagania dotyczące poprawy jakości spalin przyczyniły się do rozwoju systemów zasilania silnika. W efekcie zmniejszono zużycie paliwa, zwiększono moc przy jednoczesnym zmniejszeniu masy własnej silnika. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono przegląd oraz ewolucje systemów zasilania przeznaczonych do silników z zapłonem samoczynnym, uwzględniając jednocześnie problemy eksploatacyjne związane z ich użytkowaniem w podziemnych wyrobiskach węgla kamiennego.

Preservation of forest wood chips

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kofman, P.D.; Thomsen, I.M.; Ohlsson, C.; Leer, E.; Ravn Schmidt, E.; Soerensen, M.; Knudsen, P.

1999-01-01

As part of the Danish Energy Research Programme on biomass utilisation for energy production (EFP), this project concerns problems connected to the handling and storing of wood chips. In this project, the possibility of preserving wood chips of the Norway Spruce (Picea Abies) is addressed, and the potential improvements by anaerobic storage are tested. Preservation of wood chips aims at reducing dry matter losses from extensive heating during storage and to reduce production of fungal spores. Fungal spores pose a health hazards to workers handling the chips. Further the producers of wood chips are interested in such a method since it would enable them to give a guarantee for the delivery of homogeneous wood chips also during the winter period. Three different types of wood chips were stored airtight and further one of these was stored in accordance with normal practise and use as reference. The results showed that airtight storage had a beneficial impact on the quality of the chips: no redistribution of moisture, low dry matter losses, unfavourable conditions for microbial activity of most fungi, and the promotion of yeasts instead of fungi with airborne spores. Likewise the firing tests showed that no combustion problems, and no increased risk to the environment or to the health of staff is caused by anaerobic storage of wood chips. In all, the tests of the anaerobic storage method of forest wood chips were a success and a large-scale test of the method will be carried out in 1999. (au)

Data Transmission and Thermo-Optic Tuning Performance of Dielectric-Loaded Plasmonic Structures Hetero-Integrated on a Silicon Chip

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Giannoulis, G.; Kalavrouziotis, D.; Apostolopoulos, D.

2012-01-01

We demonstrate experimental evidence of the data capture and the low-energy thermo-optic tuning credentials of dielectric-loaded plasmonic structures integrated on a silicon chip. We show 7-nm thermo-optical tuning of a plasmonic racetrack-resonator with less than 3.3 mW required electrical power...

The ALTRO Chip A 16-channel A/D Converter and Digital Processor for Gas Detectors

CERN Document Server

Esteve-Bosch, R; Mota, B; Musa, L

2003-01-01

The ALTRO (ALICE TPC Read Out) chip is a mixed-signal integrated circuit designed to be one of the building blocks of the readout electronics for gas detectors. Originally conceived and optimised for the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC, its architecture and programmability makes it suitable for the readout of a wider class of gas detectors. In one single chip, the analogue signals from 16 channels are digitised, processed, compressed and stored in a multi-acquisition memory. The Analogue-to- Digital converters embedded in the chip have a 10-bit dynamic range and a maximum sampling rate in the range of 20 to 40MHz. After digitisation, a pipelined hardwired Processor is able to remove from the input signal a wide range of systematic and non-systematic perturbations, related to the non-ideal behaviour of the detector, temperature variation of the electronics, environmental noise, etc. Moreover, the Processor is able to suppress the signal tail within 1mus after the pulse pea...

Średniowieczne rękopisy ze zbiorów toruńskich bibliotek i archiwów

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janusz Tandecki

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Największa liczba typowych bibliotecznych rękopisów średniowiecznych przechowywana jest w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu. Wszystkie one trafiły tu po zakończeniu II wojny światowej, przede wszystkim w latach 1945-1947, gdzie w bibliotece umieszczono je wśród tzw. „zbiorów zabezpieczonych”. Obecnie w skład tego zbioru wchodzi 770 jednostek inwentarzowych oraz 6 metrów bieżących materiałów nie zinwentaryzowanych. Dzisiejszą kolekcję 71 średniowiecznych rękopisów Biblioteki UMK tworzą przede wszystkim dawne zbiory Państwowej i Uniwersyteckiej Biblioteki w Królewcu. Obejmują one dzieła religijne, prawnicze, teksty historyczne, medyczne i astronomiczne.Kolejną biblioteką toruńską, w której przechowywane są rękopisy średniowieczne jest Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna-Książnica Kopernikańska w Toruniu. W jej zbiorach zachowało się w sumie 19 rękopisów (m.in. kalendarze, modlitewniki, żywoty świętych z tego okresu (do 1500 r., zapisanych po łacinie, niemiecku i w języku greckim.Spora liczba średniowiecznych ksiąg urzędowych wytworzonych w kancelarii Starego i Nowego Miasta Torunia przechowywana jest również w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Toruniu. Wśród nich są także rękopisy o charakterze zbliżonym do bibliotecznych.

A Measurement of the Cross-Section Ratio of the $W$ and $Z$ Electronic Decays and the Total Width of the $W$ with the D0 Detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tarazi, Jamal Nabil [UC, Irvine

1997-01-01

This dissertation reports on the measurement of the inclusive production cross sections of electronically decaying W and Z gauge bosons in $p\\bar{p}$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s}$ = 1:8 TeV. The data was collected by the D0 detector during the 1994-1996 collider run of the Fermilab Tevatron....

Design and standalone characterisation of a capacitively coupled HV-CMOS sensor chip for the CLIC vertex detector

Science.gov (United States)

Kremastiotis, I.; Ballabriga, R.; Campbell, M.; Dannheim, D.; Fiergolski, A.; Hynds, D.; Kulis, S.; Peric, I.

2017-09-01

The concept of capacitive coupling between sensors and readout chips is under study for the vertex detector at the proposed high-energy CLIC electron positron collider. The CLICpix Capacitively Coupled Pixel Detector (C3PD) is an active High-Voltage CMOS sensor, designed to be capacitively coupled to the CLICpix2 readout chip. The chip is implemented in a commercial 180 nm HV-CMOS process and contains a matrix of 128×128 square pixels with 25μm pitch. First prototypes have been produced with a standard resistivity of ~20 Ωcm for the substrate and tested in standalone mode. The results show a rise time of ~20 ns, charge gain of 190 mV/ke- and ~40 e- RMS noise for a power consumption of 4.8μW/pixel. The main design aspects, as well as standalone measurement results, are presented.

Organ-Tumor-on-a-Chip for Chemosensitivity Assay: A Critical Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Navid Kashaninejad

2016-07-01

Full Text Available With a mortality rate over 580,000 per year, cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the emerging field of microfluidics can potentially shed light on this puzzling disease. Unique characteristics of microfluidic chips (also known as micro-total analysis system make them excellent candidates for biological applications. The ex vivo approach of tumor-on-a-chip is becoming an indispensable part of personalized medicine and can replace in vivo animal testing as well as conventional in vitro methods. In tumor-on-a-chip, the complex three-dimensional (3D nature of malignant tumor is co-cultured on a microfluidic chip and high throughput screening tools to evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs are integrated on the same chip. In this article, we critically review the cutting edge advances in this field and mainly categorize each tumor-on-a-chip work based on its primary organ. Specifically, design, fabrication and characterization of tumor microenvironment; cell culture technique; transferring mechanism of cultured cells into the microchip; concentration gradient generators for drug delivery; in vitro screening assays of drug efficacy; and pros and cons of each microfluidic platform used in the recent literature will be discussed separately for the tumor of following organs: (1 Lung; (2 Bone marrow; (3 Brain; (4 Breast; (5 Urinary system (kidney, bladder and prostate; (6 Intestine; and (7 Liver. By comparing these microchips, we intend to demonstrate the unique design considerations of each tumor-on-a-chip based on primary organ, e.g., how microfluidic platform of lung-tumor-on-a-chip may differ from liver-tumor-on-a-chip. In addition, the importance of heart–liver–intestine co-culture with microvasculature in tumor-on-a-chip devices for in vitro chemosensitivity assay will be discussed. Such system would be able to completely evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET of

The impact of CHIP premium increases on insurance outcomes among CHIP eligible children.

Science.gov (United States)

Nikolova, Silviya; Stearns, Sally

2014-03-03

Within the United States, public insurance premiums are used both to discourage private health policy holders from dropping coverage and to reduce state budget costs. Prior research suggests that the odds of having private coverage and being uninsured increase with increases in public insurance premiums. The aim of this paper is to test effects of Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) premium increases on public insurance, private insurance, and uninsurance rates. The fact that families just below and above a state-specific income cut-off are likely very similar in terms of observable and unobservable characteristics except the premium contribution provides a natural experiment for estimating the effect of premium increases. Using 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) merged with CHIP premiums, we compare health insurance outcomes for CHIP eligible children as of January 2003 in states with a two-tier premium structure using a cross-sectional regression discontinuity methodology. We use difference-in-differences analysis to compare longitudinal insurance outcomes by December 2003. Higher CHIP premiums are associated with higher likelihood of private insurance. Disenrollment from CHIP in response to premium increases over time does not increase the uninsurance rate. When faced with higher CHIP premiums, private health insurance may be a preferable alternative for CHIP eligible families with higher incomes. Therefore, competition in the insurance exchanges being formed under the Affordable Care Act could enhance choice.

Best-estimate LOCA simulation in a PWR-W containment building with a detailed 3D GOTHIC model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jimenez, G.; Fernandez-Cosials, K.; Bocanegra, R.; Lopez-Alonso, E.

2015-01-01

The design-basis accidents in a PWR-W containment building are usually simulated with a lumped parameter model, normally used for license analysis. Nevertheless, some phenomenology is difficult to be simulated with a lumped model: the condensation rate in each structure, stagnant water areas, temperature in different compartments, sumps and recirculation pumps disabled because of lack of water, etc. Therefore, for the detailed study of the thermal-hydraulic (TH) behaviour in every room of the containment building could be more appropriate to do it with a detailed 3D representation of the containment building geometry. The main objective of this project has been to build a 3D PWR-W containment model with the GOTHIC code to analyze the detailed behavior during a design basis accident. In the process of the 3D GOTHIC model development some previous steps were necessary: a detailed CAD model of the containment, followed by a simplified model adapted to the GOTHIC geometric capabilities. Once the geometry has been adapted to the GOTHIC requirements, the 3D model is created with this information. A design-basis accident has been simulated with the 3D model (LBLOCA), and the local TH behaviour is analysed. The results show that in comparison with a lumped parameter model, high temperatures are reached locally. Nevertheless the average pressure behaviour is found to be similar to that given by a lumped parameter model. The present paper demonstrates that is possible to build a 3D PWR-W model with the GOTHIC code with enough resolution to analyse the TH behaviour in each one of the containment rooms but at the same time with reasonable computing time. Once the GOTHIC model has been created a new road is opened enabling the simulation of other accidents such as MSLB, a SBLOCA or even a long-term SBO sequence. This document is made up of an abstract and the slides of the presentation. (authors)

Development of a cell microarray chip for detection of circulating tumor cells

Science.gov (United States)

Yamamura, S.; Yatsushiro, S.; Abe, K.; Baba, Y.; Kataoka, M.

2012-03-01

Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of metastatic cancer patients has clinical significance in earlier diagnosis of metastases. In this study, a novel cell microarray chip for accurate and rapid detection of tumor cells from human leukocytes was developed. The chip with 20,944 microchambers (105 μm diameter and 50 μm depth) was made from polystyrene, and the surface was rendered to hydrophilic by means of reactive-ion etching, which led to the formation of mono-layers of leukocytes on the microchambers. As the model of CTCs detection, we spiked human bronchioalveolar carcinoma (H1650) cells into human T lymphoblastoid leukemia (CEM) cells suspension and detected H1650 cells using the chip. A CEM suspension contained with H1650 cells was dispersed on the chip surface, followed by 10 min standing to allow the cells to settle down into the microchambers. About 30 CEM cells were accommodated in each microchamber, over 600,000 CEM cells in total being on a chip. We could detect 1 H1650 cell per 106 CEM cells on the microarray by staining with fluorescence-conjugated antibody (Anti-Cytokeratin) and cell membrane marker (DiD). Thus, this cell microarray chip has highly potential to be a novel tool of accurate and rapid detection of CTCs.

Advanced flip chip packaging

CERN Document Server

Lai, Yi-Shao; Wong, CP

2013-01-01

Advanced Flip Chip Packaging presents past, present and future advances and trends in areas such as substrate technology, material development, and assembly processes. Flip chip packaging is now in widespread use in computing, communications, consumer and automotive electronics, and the demand for flip chip technology is continuing to grow in order to meet the need for products that offer better performance, are smaller, and are environmentally sustainable. This book also: Offers broad-ranging chapters with a focus on IC-package-system integration Provides viewpoints from leading industry executives and experts Details state-of-the-art achievements in process technologies and scientific research Presents a clear development history and touches on trends in the industry while also discussing up-to-date technology information Advanced Flip Chip Packaging is an ideal book for engineers, researchers, and graduate students interested in the field of flip chip packaging.

Titanium based flat heat pipes for computer chip cooling

Science.gov (United States)

Soni, Gaurav; Ding, Changsong; Sigurdson, Marin; Bozorgi, Payam; Piorek, Brian; MacDonald, Noel; Meinhart, Carl

2008-11-01

We are developing a highly conductive flat heat pipe (called Thermal Ground Plane or TGP) for cooling computer chips. Conventional heat pipes have circular cross sections and thus can't make good contact with chip surface. The flatness of our TGP will enable conformal contact with the chip surface and thus enhance cooling efficiency. Another limiting factor in conventional heat pipes is the capillary flow of the working fluid through a wick structure. In order to overcome this limitation we have created a highly porous wick structure on a flat titanium substrate by using micro fabrication technology. We first etch titanium to create very tall micro pillars with a diameter of 5 μm, a height of 40 μm and a pitch of 10 μm. We then grow a very fine nano structured titania (NST) hairs on all surfaces of the pillars by oxidation in H202. In this way we achieve a wick structure which utilizes multiple length scales to yield high performance wicking of water. It's capable of wicking water at an average velocity of 1 cm/s over a distance of several cm. A titanium cavity is laser-welded onto the wicking substrate and a small quantity of water is hermetically sealed inside the cavity to achieve a TGP. The thermal conductivity of our preliminary TGP was measured to be 350 W/m-K, but has the potential to be several orders of magnitude higher.

On-Chip Microwave Quantum Hall Circulator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. C. Mahoney

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Circulators are nonreciprocal circuit elements that are integral to technologies including radar systems, microwave communication transceivers, and the readout of quantum information devices. Their nonreciprocity arises from the interference of microwaves over the centimeter scale of the signal wavelength, in the presence of bulky magnetic media that breaks time-reversal symmetry. Here, we realize a completely passive on-chip microwave circulator with size 1/1000th the wavelength by exploiting the chiral, “slow-light” response of a two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime. For an integrated GaAs device with 330  μm diameter and about 1-GHz center frequency, a nonreciprocity of 25 dB is observed over a 50-MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, the nonreciprocity can be dynamically tuned by varying the voltage at the port, an aspect that may enable reconfigurable passive routing of microwave signals on chip.

UW VLSI chip tester

Science.gov (United States)

McKenzie, Neil

1989-12-01

We present a design for a low-cost, functional VLSI chip tester. It is based on the Apple MacIntosh II personal computer. It tests chips that have up to 128 pins. All pin drivers of the tester are bidirectional; each pin is programmed independently as an input or an output. The tester can test both static and dynamic chips. Rudimentary speed testing is provided. Chips are tested by executing C programs written by the user. A software library is provided for program development. Tests run under both the Mac Operating System and A/UX. The design is implemented using Xilinx Logic Cell Arrays. Price/performance tradeoffs are discussed.

Cache-aware network-on-chip for chip multiprocessors

Science.gov (United States)

Tatas, Konstantinos; Kyriacou, Costas; Dekoulis, George; Demetriou, Demetris; Avraam, Costas; Christou, Anastasia

2009-05-01

This paper presents the hardware prototype of a Network-on-Chip (NoC) for a chip multiprocessor that provides support for cache coherence, cache prefetching and cache-aware thread scheduling. A NoC with support to these cache related mechanisms can assist in improving systems performance by reducing the cache miss ratio. The presented multi-core system employs the Data-Driven Multithreading (DDM) model of execution. In DDM thread scheduling is done according to data availability, thus the system is aware of the threads to be executed in the near future. This characteristic of the DDM model allows for cache aware thread scheduling and cache prefetching. The NoC prototype is a crossbar switch with output buffering that can support a cache-aware 4-node chip multiprocessor. The prototype is built on the Xilinx ML506 board equipped with a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA.

Low-Cost Energy-Efficient 3-D Nano-Spikes-Based Electric Cell Lysis Chips

KAUST Repository

Riaz, Kashif; Leung, Siu; Fan, Zhiyong; Lee, Yi-Kuen

2017-01-01

Electric cell lysis (ECL) is a promising technique to be integrated with portable lab-on-a-chip without lysing agent due to its simplicity and fast processing. ECL is usually limited by the requirements of high power/voltage and costly fabrication

Experiment list: SRX122496 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available || chip antibody=Rel || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip ant...ibody catalog number 1=sc-71 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc

Smart vision chips: An overview

Science.gov (United States)

Koch, Christof

1994-01-01

This viewgraph presentation presents four working analog VLSI vision chips: (1) time-derivative retina, (2) zero-crossing chip, (3) resistive fuse, and (4) figure-ground chip; work in progress on computing motion and neuromorphic systems; and conceptual and practical lessons learned.

Experiment list: SRX122465 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 6 || chip antibody=Relb || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Bethyl || chip anti...body catalog number 1=A302-183A || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2

Certolizumab pegol w leczeniu reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piotr Wiland

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Wostatnich latach wyprodukowano i oceniono w wielu badaniachlaboratoryjnych i klinicznych nowy lek hamujący funkcje biologiczneczynnika martwicy nowotworu (tumour necrosis factor – TNF –certolizumab pegol. Dzięki pegylacji (dołączeniu do fragmentuFab przeciwciała neutralizującego TNF cząsteczki glikolu polietylenowegozwiązek ten wykazuje nieco odmienne właściwościw porównaniu z innymi lekami blokującymi TNF. W artykule przedstawionopodobieństwa i różnice mechanizmów działania, farmakokinetyki,metabolizmu, skuteczności klinicznej, wpływu na progresjęradiologiczną i bezpieczeństwa stosowania certolizumabuw porównaniu z innymi lekami biologicznymi hamującymi funkcjebiologiczne TNF w leczeniu chorych na reumatoidalne zapaleniestawów (tab. I–III. Badania kliniczne wykazały bardzo szybkąodpowiedź kliniczną na zastosowany certolizumab (tab. II, ryc. 1.Dodatkowo można z dużym prawdopodobieństwem przewidziećdługoterminową skuteczność tego leku, co może mieć istotnywpływ na farmakoekonomikę leczenia.

Experiment list: SRX122555 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available chip antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip anti...body catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-7

Rola wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych omega-3 w etiopatogenezie i leczeniu zaburzeń psychicznych

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomasz Pawełczyk

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe (WKT omega-3 są niezbędne do prawidłowego rozwoju i funkcji ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Stanowią istotny element strukturalny neuronalnych błon komórkowych oraz są źródłem aktywnych biologicznie substancji, które pełnią złożone funkcje sygnałowe oraz uczestniczą w przekazywaniu informacji wewnątrz komórek. Zaburzenia metabolizmu lipidów i WKT obserwuje się w przebiegu wielu zaburzeń i chorób psychicznych: schizofrenii, zaburzeń afektywnych, zespołu nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi, autyzmu i innych. Dysfunkcje te mają podłoże genetyczne i wraz z innymi nieprawidłowościami przyczyniają się do zwiększenia podatności na wystąpienie objawów psychopatologicznych danego zaburzenia. Ponadto dieta mieszkańców większości krajów europejskich nie zapewnia wystarczającej ilości WKT omega-3, które należą do substancji egzogennych, tj. niesyntetyzowanych w wystarczającej ilości w organizmie ludzkim. Co więcej, w przebiegu wielu zaburzeń psychicznych dochodzi do nadmiernej utraty długołańcuchowych WKT za pośrednictwem procesów ekscytotoksyczności i stresu oksydacyjnego, co dalej przyczynia się do uszczuplenia dostępnej puli WKT. W przypadku schizofrenii liczne badania eksperymentalne i kliniczne doprowadziły badaczy do sformułowania hipotezy wyjaśniającej rozwój tej choroby w oparciu o występowanie dysfunkcji metabolizmu lipidów. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd aktualnego piśmiennictwa oraz wyniki oryginalnych badań przeprowadzonych przez autorów zajmujących się problematyką zaburzeń metabolizmu WKT u chorych z wymienionymi wyżej zaburzeniami psychicznymi.

On-chip digital power supply control for system-on-chip applications

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, M.; Pineda de Gyvez, J.; Otten, R.H.J.M.

2005-01-01

The authors presented an on-chip, fully-digital, power-supply control system. The scheme consists of two independent control loops that regulate power supply variations due to semiconductor process spread, temperature, and chip's workload. Smart power-switches working as linear voltage regulators

Exploring chip-capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence field-deployable platform flexibility: Separations of fluorescent dyes by chip-based non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nuchtavorn, N.; Smejkal, Petr; Breadmore, M. C.; Guijt, R. M.; Doble, P.; Bek, F.; Foret, František; Suntornsuk, L.; Macka, M.

2013-01-01

Roč. 1286, APR (2013), s. 216-221 ISSN 0021-9673 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GBP206/12/G014 Institutional support: RVO:68081715 Keywords : microfluidic chip CE * capillary electrophoresis * NACE * LIF detection Subject RIV: CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation Impact factor: 4.258, year: 2013

Test scheduling optimization for 3D network-on-chip based on cloud evolutionary algorithm of Pareto multi-objective

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Chuanpei; Niu, Junhao; Ling, Jing; Wang, Suyan

2018-03-01

In this paper, we present a parallel test strategy for bandwidth division multiplexing under the test access mechanism bandwidth constraint. The Pareto solution set is combined with a cloud evolutionary algorithm to optimize the test time and power consumption of a three-dimensional network-on-chip (3D NoC). In the proposed method, all individuals in the population are sorted in non-dominated order and allocated to the corresponding level. Individuals with extreme and similar characteristics are then removed. To increase the diversity of the population and prevent the algorithm from becoming stuck around local optima, a competition strategy is designed for the individuals. Finally, we adopt an elite reservation strategy and update the individuals according to the cloud model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm converges to the optimal Pareto solution set rapidly and accurately. This not only obtains the shortest test time, but also optimizes the power consumption of the 3D NoC.

Interfacing Lab-on-a-Chip Embryo Technology with High-Definition Imaging Cytometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Feng; Hall, Christopher J; Crosier, Philip S; Wlodkowic, Donald

2015-08-01

To spearhead deployment of zebrafish embryo biotests in large-scale drug discovery studies, automated platforms are needed to integrate embryo in-test positioning and immobilization (suitable for high-content imaging) with fluidic modules for continuous drug and medium delivery under microperfusion to developing embryos. In this work, we present an innovative design of a high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic chip-based device for automated immobilization and culture and time-lapse imaging of developing zebrafish embryos under continuous microperfusion. The 3D Lab-on-a-Chip array was fabricated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) transparent thermoplastic using infrared laser micromachining, while the off-chip interfaces were fabricated using additive manufacturing processes (fused deposition modelling and stereolithography). The system's design facilitated rapid loading and immobilization of a large number of embryos in predefined clusters of traps during continuous microperfusion of drugs/toxins. It was conceptually designed to seamlessly interface with both upright and inverted fluorescent imaging systems and also to directly interface with conventional microtiter plate readers that accept 96-well plates. Compared with the conventional Petri dish assays, the chip-based bioassay was much more convenient and efficient as only small amounts of drug solutions were required for the whole perfusion system running continuously over 72 h. Embryos were spatially separated in the traps that assisted tracing single embryos, preventing interembryo contamination and improving imaging accessibility.

Combination of Tevatron searches for the standard model Higgs boson in the W+W- decay mode

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aaltonen, T.; et al., [Unknown; Ancu, L.S.; de Jong, S.J.; Filthaut, F.; Galea, C.F.; Hegeman, J.G.; Houben, P.; Meijer, M.M.; Svoisky, P.; van den Berg, P.J.

2010-01-01

We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for a Higgs boson decaying to W+W-. The data correspond to an integrated total luminosity of 4.8 (CDF) and 5.4 (D0) fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. No excess is observed above background

ASIC design of a digital fuzzy system on chip for medical diagnostic applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Roy Chowdhury, Shubhajit; Roy, Aniruddha; Saha, Hiranmay

2011-04-01

The paper presents the ASIC design of a digital fuzzy logic circuit for medical diagnostic applications. The system on chip under consideration uses fuzzifier, memory and defuzzifier for fuzzifying the patient data, storing the membership function values and defuzzifying the membership function values to get the output decision. The proposed circuit uses triangular trapezoidal membership functions for fuzzification patients' data. For minimizing the transistor count, the proposed circuit uses 3T XOR gates and 8T adders for its design. The entire work has been carried out using TSMC 0.35 µm CMOS process. Post layout TSPICE simulation of the whole circuit indicates a delay of 31.27 ns and the average power dissipation of the system on chip is 123.49 mW which indicates a less delay and less power dissipation than the comparable embedded systems reported earlier.

W boson production and mass at the Tevatron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stelzer-Chilton, Oliver; /Toronto U.

2005-06-01

The CDF and D0 collaborations have analyzed up to {approx} 200 pb{sup -1} of Run 2 physics data to measure W production properties such as the W cross section, the W width, lepton universality and the W charge asymmetry. From the cross section measurements, CDF obtains a lepton universality of g{sub {mu}}/g{sub e} = 0.998 {+-} 0.012 and g{sub {tau}}/g{sub e} = 0.99 {+-} 0.04 and an indirect W width of {Lambda}{sub W} = 2079 {+-} 41 MeV. D0 measured the W width directly and finds {Lambda}{sub W} = 2011 {+-} 142 MeV. CDF has estimated the uncertainties on the W boson mass measurements in the electron and muon decay channels and obtains an overall uncertainty of 76 MeV.

Zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi w kulturze Majów

OpenAIRE

Gilewski, Michał

2011-01-01

in lieu of an abstract here is a brief excerpt: "Starożytni Majowie zamieszkiwali obszary o trudnych warunkach hydrologicznych, na któ-rych opady były sezonowe i nieprzewidywalne oraz brakowało stałych źródeł wody. Stąd też istotne dla tej kultury było zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi. Przy próbie rekonstrukcji świata Majów nale-ży uwzględnić fakt, że krajobraz, który ich otaczał ulegał licznym zmianom na skutek podejmowa-nych działań w celu pozyskania i kontroli zasobów wodnych[...]" Micha...

On-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer for OCT systems

Science.gov (United States)

van Leeuwen, Ton G.; Akca, Imran B.; Angelou, Nikolaos; Weiss, Nicolas; Hoekman, Marcel; Leinse, Arne; Heideman, Rene G.

2018-04-01

By using integrated optics, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of a bulky optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. One of the OCT components that can be implemented on-chip is the interferometer. In this work, we present the design and characterization of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer consisting of the wavelength-independent splitters and an on-chip reference arm. The Si3N4 was chosen as the material platform as it can provide low losses while keeping the device size small. The device was characterized by using a home-built swept source OCT system. A sensitivity value of 83 dB, an axial resolution of 15.2 μm (in air) and a depth range of 2.5 mm (in air) were all obtained.

Supply chains of forest chip production in Finland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaerhae, Kalle (Metsaeteho Oy, Helsinki (Finland)), e-mail: kalle.karha@metsateho.fi

2010-07-15

The Metsaeteho study investigated how logging residue chips, stump wood chips, and chips from small sized thinning wood and large-sized (rotten) roundwood used by heating and power plants were produced in Finland in 2008. Almost all the major forest chip suppliers in Finland were involved in the study. The total volume of forest chips supplied in 2008 by these suppliers was 6.5 TWh. The study was implemented by conducting an e-mail questionnaire survey and telephone interviews. Research data was collected in March-May 2009. The majority of the logging residue chips and chips from small-sized thinning wood were produced using the roadside chipping supply chain in Finland in 2008. The chipping at plant supply chain was also significant in the production of logging residue chips. 70% of all stump wood chips consumed were comminuted at the plant and 29% at terminals. The role of the terminal chipping supply chain was also significant in the production of chips from logging residues and small-sized wood chips. When producing chips from large-sized (rotten) roundwood, nearly a half of chips were comminuted at plants and more than 40% at terminals

Supply systems of forest chip production in Finland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaerhae, K. (Metsaeteho Oy, Helsinki (Finland)), e-mail: kalle.karha@metsateho.fi

2010-07-01

The Metsaeteho study investigated how logging residue chips, stump wood chips, and chips from small-diameter thinning wood and large-sized (rotten) roundwood used by heating and power plants were produced in Finland in 2009. Almost all the major forest chip suppliers in Finland were involved in the study. The total volume of forest chips supplied in 2009 by these suppliers was 8,4 TWh. The study was implemented by conducting an e-mail questionnaire survey and telephone interviews. Research data was collected from March-May, 2010. The majority of the logging residue chips and chips from small-diameter thinning wood were produced using the roadside chipping supply system in Finland in 2009. The chipping at plant supply system was also significant in the production of logging residue chips. Nearly 70 % of all stump wood chips consumed were comminuted at the plant and 28 % at terminals. The role of the terminal chipping supply system was also significant in the production of chips from logging residues and small-diameter wood chips. When producing chips from large-sized (rotten) roundwood, similarly roughly 70 % of chips were comminuted at plants and 23 % at terminals. (orig.)

Supply chains of forest chip production in Finland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaerhae, K. (Metsaeteho Oy, Helsinki (Finland)), Email: kalle.karha@metsateho.fi

2009-07-01

The Metsaeteho study investigated how logging residue chips. stump wood chips, and chips from small-sized thinning wood and large-sized (rotten) roundwood used by heating and power plants were produced in Finland in 2008. Almost all the major forest chip suppliers in Finland were involved in the study. The total volume of forest chips supplied in 2008 by these suppliers was 6,5 TWh. The study was implemented by conducting an e-mail questionnaire survey and telephone interviews. Research data was collected in March-May 2009. The majority of the logging residue chips and chips from small-sized thinning wood were produced using the roadside chipping supply chain in Finland in 2008. The chipping at plant supply chain was also significant in the production of logging residue chips. 70% of all stump wood chips consumed were comminuted at the plant and 29% at terminals. The role of the terminal chipping supply chain was also significant in the production of chips from logging residues and small-sized wood chips. When producing chips from large-sized (rotten) roundwood, nearly a half of chips were comminuted at plants and more than 40 % at terminals. (orig.)

A High-Voltage SOI CMOS Exciter Chip for a Programmable Fluidic Processor System.

Science.gov (United States)

Current, K W; Yuk, K; McConaghy, C; Gascoyne, P R C; Schwartz, J A; Vykoukal, J V; Andrews, C

2007-06-01

waveform frequency is about 200 Hz; and standard 5-V CMOS logic data communication rate is variable up to 250 kHz. This HV demonstration chip is fabricated in a 130-V 1.0-mum SOI CMOS fabrication technology, dissipates a maximum of 1.87 W, and is about 10.4 mm x 8.2 mm.

Micro-patterning of self-supporting layers with conducting polymer wires for 3D-chip interconnection applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ackermann, J.; Videlot, C.; Nguyen, T.N.; Wang, L.; Sarro, P.M.; Crawley, D.; Nikolic, K.; Forshaw, M.

2003-01-01

Highly conducting polymers have attracted much interest because of their potential applications in sensors and electronic devices. By the use of templates like porous membranes during polymerization conducting molecular wires can be formed with highly anisotropic properties which can be used as interconnecting layers in a three-dimensional (3D)-chip stacking. We focussed on two electrochemical polymerization (ECP) techniques to produce molecular wires based on polypyrrole (PPy) embedded in isolating porous polycarbonate membranes as self-supporting layers. The growth of the polymer through the membrane pores was investigated in order to achieve a good conductivity through the pores, but with a small cross-talk between them. A new polymerization technique based on a structured cathode has been developed in order to control the polymerization locally. By that technique micro-patterned membranes with separated conducting polymer wires could be produced

Measurement of the W Boson Mass with the D0 Run II Detector using the Electron P(T) Spectrum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andeen, Jr., Timothy R. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)

2008-06-01

This thesis is a description of the measurement of the W boson mass using the D0 Run II detector with 770 pb^-1 of p$\\bar{p}$ collision data. These collisions were produced by the Tevatron at √s = 1.96 TeV between 2002 and 2006. We use a sample of W → ev and Z → ee decays to determine the W boson mass with the transverse momentum distribution of the electron and the transverse mass distribution of the boson. We measure M_W = 80340 ± 37 (stat.) ± 26 (sys. theo.) ± 51 (sys. exp.) MeV = 80340 ± 68 MeV with the transverse momentum distribution of the electron and M_W = 80361 ± 28 (stat.) ± 17 (sys. theo.) ± 51 (sys. exp.) MeV = 80361 ± 61 MeV with the transverse mass distribution.

CERN{sub D}xCTA counting mode chip

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moraes, D. [CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland)], E-mail: danielle.moraes@cern.ch; Kaplon, J. [CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Nygard, E. [Interon AS, Asker, Norway and DX-ray Inc., Northridge, CA (United States)

2008-06-11

This ASIC is a counting mode front-end electronic optimized for the readout of CdZnTe/CdTe and silicon sensors, for possible use in applications where the flux of ionizing radiation is high. The chip is implemented in 0.25 {mu}m CMOS technology. The circuit comprises 128 channels equipped with a transimpedance amplifier followed by a gain shaper stage with 21 ns peaking time, two discriminators and two 18-bit counters. The channel architecture is optimized for the detector characteristics in order to achieve the best energy resolution at counting rates of up to 5 M counts/second. The amplifier shows a linear sensitivity of 118 mV/fC and an equivalent noise charge of about 711 e{sup -}, for a detector capacitance of 5 pF. Complete evaluation of the circuit is presented using electronic pulses and pixel detectors.

Detection of Alicyclobacillus species in fruit juice using a random genomic DNA microarray chip.

Science.gov (United States)

Jang, Jun Hyeong; Kim, Sun-Joong; Yoon, Bo Hyun; Ryu, Jee-Hoon; Gu, Man Bock; Chang, Hyo-Ihl

2011-06-01

This study describes a method using a DNA microarray chip to rapidly and simultaneously detect Alicyclobacillus species in orange juice based on the hybridization of genomic DNA with random probes. Three food spoilage bacteria were used in this study: Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, and Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus. The three Alicyclobacillus species were adjusted to 2 × 10(3) CFU/ml and inoculated into pasteurized 100% pure orange juice. Cy5-dCTP labeling was used for reference signals, and Cy3-dCTP was labeled for target genomic DNA. The molar ratio of 1:1 of Cy3-dCTP and Cy5-dCTP was used. DNA microarray chips were fabricated using randomly fragmented DNA of Alicyclobacillus spp. and were hybridized with genomic DNA extracted from Bacillus spp. Genomic DNA extracted from Alicyclobacillus spp. showed a significantly higher hybridization rate compared with DNA of Bacillus spp., thereby distinguishing Alicyclobacillus spp. from Bacillus spp. The results showed that the microarray DNA chip containing randomly fragmented genomic DNA was specific and clearly identified specific food spoilage bacteria. This microarray system is a good tool for rapid and specific detection of thermophilic spoilage bacteria, mainly Alicyclobacillus spp., and is useful and applicable to the fruit juice industry.

Wykorzystanie efficiency matrix w analizie zysku na pracownika (na przykładzie MŚP w sektorze informatycznym w Estonii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paavo Siimann

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Przedsiębiorstwa usługowe osiągają zyski dzięki wykorzystaniu zdolności i wiedzy pracowników. Stąd miara taka jak zysk na pracownika może być użyta w celu maksymalizacji wyników finansowych i wartości firmy. Artykuł obejmuje badanie z wykorzystaniem zmiennych: liczba pracowników, wysokość kapitału własnego, kapitału obcego, kosztów operacyjnych, przychodów netto ze sprzedaży oraz zysku przed opodatkowaniem w celu oszacowania ich wpływu na zmianę zysku na pracownika. Do próby badawczej wybrano małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa z sektora informatycznego łącznie i jako osobne grupy. Badanie objęło lata 2009–2013. Co więcej, artykuł wskazuje, że metoda efficiency matrix rozwijana od początku lat 60. w Rosji i Estonii do lat 90. ubiegłego wieku może być stosowana także obecnie. Badania wykazały, że marża brutto oraz wartość kapitału własnego wzrastały gwałtownie w analizowanym okresie. Zysk na pracownika był mniejszy w średnich firmach, a większy w przedsiębiorstwach małych, podczas gdy kapitał własny na pracownika, przychody netto ze sprzedaży w stosunku do kosztów operacyjnych oraz marża brutto były mniejsze w małych firmach.

270 nm Pseudomorphic Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes with Over 60 mW Continuous Wave Output Power

Science.gov (United States)

Grandusky, James R.; Chen, Jianfeng; Gibb, Shawn R.; Mendrick, Mark C.; Moe, Craig G.; Rodak, Lee; Garrett, Gregory A.; Wraback, Michael; Schowalter, Leo J.

2013-03-01

In this letter, the achievement of over 60 mW output power from pseudomorphic ultraviolet light-emitting diodes in continuous wave operation is reported. Die thinning and encapsulation improved the photon extraction efficiency to over 15%. Improved thermal management and a high characteristic temperature resulted in a low thermal rolloff up to 300 mA injection current with an output power of 67 mW, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.9%, and a wall plug efficiency (WPE) of 2.5% for a single-chip device emitting at 271 nm in continuous wave operation.

A compact pre-processor system for the ATLAS level-1 calorimeter trigger

CERN Document Server

Pfeiffer, U

1999-01-01

This thesis describ es the researc h whose aim is to dev elop a compact Pre-Pro cessor system for the A TLAS Lev el-1 Calorimeter T rigger. Con tributions to the p erformance and the arc hitecture of the Pre-Pro cessor w ere made. A demonstrator Multi-Chip Mo dule (PPrD- MCM) w as dev elop ed and assem bled whic h p erforms most of the prepro cessing of four analogue trigger-to w er signals. The prepro cessing includes digitisation to 8-bit precision, iden ti cation of the corresp onding bunc h-crossing in time (BCID), calibration of the transv erse energy , readout of ra w trigger data, and high-sp eed serial data transmission to the trigger pro cessors. The demonstrator Multi-Chip Mo dule has a size of 15.9 cm 2 and it consists of 9 dies. The MCM w as designed with a smallest feature size of 100 m and it w as fabricated in a laminated MCM-L pro cess o ered b yW urth Elektronik. A Flip-Chip in terconnection ASIC (Finco) w as dev elop ed for the PPrD-MCM and fabricated in a 0.8 m BiCMOS- pro cess o ered b ...

Design of a 40-nm CMOS integrated on-chip oscilloscope for 5-50 GHz spin wave characterization

Science.gov (United States)

Egel, Eugen; Csaba, György; Dietz, Andreas; Breitkreutz-von Gamm, Stephan; Russer, Johannes; Russer, Peter; Kreupl, Franz; Becherer, Markus

2018-05-01

Spin wave (SW) devices are receiving growing attention in research as a strong candidate for low power applications in the beyond-CMOS era. All SW applications would require an efficient, low power, on-chip read-out circuitry. Thus, we provide a concept for an on-chip oscilloscope (OCO) allowing parallel detection of the SWs at different frequencies. The readout system is designed in 40-nm CMOS technology and is capable of SW device characterization. First, the SWs are picked up by near field loop antennas, placed below yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film, and amplified by a low noise amplifier (LNA). Second, a mixer down-converts the radio frequency (RF) signal of 5 - 50 GHz to lower intermediate frequencies (IF) around 10 - 50 MHz. Finally, the IF signal can be digitized and analyzed regarding the frequency, amplitude and phase variation of the SWs. The power consumption and chip area of the whole OCO are estimated to 166.4 mW and 1.31 mm2, respectively.

Ultra-thin chip technology and applications

CERN Document Server

2010-01-01

Ultra-thin chips are the "smart skin" of a conventional silicon chip. This book shows how very thin and flexible chips can be fabricated and used in many new applications in microelectronics, microsystems, biomedical and other fields. It provides a comprehensive reference to the fabrication technology, post processing, characterization and the applications of ultra-thin chips.

An economic evaluation of a chlorhexidine chip for treating chronic periodontitis: the CHIP (chlorhexidine in periodontitis) study.

Science.gov (United States)

Henke, C J; Villa, K F; Aichelmann-Reidy, M E; Armitage, G C; Eber, R M; Genco, R J; Killoy, W J; Miller, D P; Page, R C; Polson, A M; Ryder, M I; Silva, S J; Somerman, M J; Van Dyke, T E; Wolff, L F; Evans, C J; Finkelman, R D

2001-11-01

The authors previously suggested that an adjunctive, controlled-release chlorhexidine, or CHX, chip may reduce periodontal surgical needs at little additional cost. This article presents an economic analysis of the CHX chip in general dental practice. In a one-year prospective clinical trial, 484 chronic periodontitis patients in 52 general practices across the United States were treated with either scaling and root planing, or SRP, plus any therapy prescribed by treating, unblinded dentists; or SRP plus other therapy as above but including the CHX chip. Economic data were collected from bills, case report forms and 12-month treatment recommendations from blinded periodontist evaluators. Total dental charges were higher for SRP + CHX chip patients vs. SRP patients when CHX chip costs were included (P = .027) but lower when CHX chip costs were excluded (P = .012). About one-half of the CHX chip acquisition cost was offset by savings in other charges. SRP + CHX chip patients were about 50 percent less likely to undergo surgical procedures than were SRP patients (P = .021). At the end of the trial, periodontist evaluators recommended similar additional procedures for both groups: SRP, about 46 percent; maintenance, about 37 percent; surgery, 56 percent for SRP alone and 63 percent for SRP + CHX chip. Adjunctive CHX chip use for general-practice patients with periodontitis increased costs but reduced surgeries over one year. At study's end, periodontists recommended similar additional surgical treatment for both groups. In general practice, routine use of the CHX chip suggests that costs will be partially offset by reduced surgery over at least one year.

Fiber-chip edge coupler with large mode size for silicon photonic wire waveguides.

Science.gov (United States)

Papes, Martin; Cheben, Pavel; Benedikovic, Daniel; Schmid, Jens H; Pond, James; Halir, Robert; Ortega-Moñux, Alejandro; Wangüemert-Pérez, Gonzalo; Ye, Winnie N; Xu, Dan-Xia; Janz, Siegfried; Dado, Milan; Vašinek, Vladimír

2016-03-07

Fiber-chip edge couplers are extensively used in integrated optics for coupling of light between planar waveguide circuits and optical fibers. In this work, we report on a new fiber-chip edge coupler concept with large mode size for silicon photonic wire waveguides. The coupler allows direct coupling with conventional cleaved optical fibers with large mode size while circumventing the need for lensed fibers. The coupler is designed for 220 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. It exhibits an overall coupling efficiency exceeding 90%, as independently confirmed by 3D Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and fully vectorial 3D Eigenmode Expansion (EME) calculations. We present two specific coupler designs, namely for a high numerical aperture single mode optical fiber with 6 µm mode field diameter (MFD) and a standard SMF-28 fiber with 10.4 µm MFD. An important advantage of our coupler concept is the ability to expand the mode at the chip edge without leading to high substrate leakage losses through buried oxide (BOX), which in our design is set to 3 µm. This remarkable feature is achieved by implementing in the SiO 2 upper cladding thin high-index Si 3 N 4 layers. The Si 3 N 4 layers increase the effective refractive index of the upper cladding near the facet. The index is controlled along the taper by subwavelength refractive index engineering to facilitate adiabatic mode transformation to the silicon wire waveguide while the Si-wire waveguide is inversely tapered along the coupler. The mode overlap optimization at the chip facet is carried out with a full vectorial mode solver. The mode transformation along the coupler is studied using 3D-FDTD simulations and with fully-vectorial 3D-EME calculations. The couplers are optimized for operating with transverse electric (TE) polarization and the operating wavelength is centered at 1.55 µm.

Improvement in reduced-mode (REM) diodes enable 315 W from 105-μm 0.15-NA fiber-coupled modules

Science.gov (United States)

Kanskar, M.; Bao, L.; Chen, Z.; Dawson, D.; DeVito, M.; Dong, W.; Grimshaw, M.; Guan, X.; Hemenway, M.; Martinsen, R.; Urbanek, W.; Zhang, S.

2018-02-01

High-power, high-brightness diode lasers have been pursued for many applications including fiber laser pumping, materials processing, solid-state laser pumping, and consumer electronics manufacturing. In particular, 915 nm - and 976 nm diodes are of interest as diode pumps for the kilowatt CW fiber lasers. As a result, there have been many technical thrusts for driving the diode lasers to have both high power and high brightness to achieve high-performance and reduced manufacturing costs. This paper presents our continued progress in the development of high brightness fiber-coupled product platform, nLIGHT element®. In the past decade, the power coupled into a single 105 μm and 0.15 NA fiber has increased by over a factor of ten through improved diode laser brightness and the development of techniques for efficiently coupling multiple emitters. In this paper, we demonstrate further brightness improvement and power-scaling enabled by both the rise in chip brightness/power and the increase in number of chips coupled into a given numerical aperture. We report a new chip technology using x-REM design with brightness as high as 4.3 W/mm-mrad at a BPP of 3 mm-mrad. We also report record 315 W output from a 2×12 nLIGHT element with 105 μm diameter fiber using x-REM diodes and these diodes will allow next generation of fiber-coupled product capable of 250W output power from 105 μm/0.15 NA beam at 915 nm.

Effect of chipping on emergence of the redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and recovery of the laurel wilt pathogen from infested wood chips.

Science.gov (United States)

Spence, D J; Smith, J A; Ploetz, R; Hulcr, J; Stelinski, L L

2013-10-01

Significant mortality ofredbay trees (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.) in the southeastern United States has been caused by Raffaelea lauricola, T.C. Harr., Fraedrich, & Aghayeva (Harrington et al. 2008), a fungal symbiont of the exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, Eichhoff (Fraedrich et al. 2008). This pathogen causes laurel wilt, which is an irreversible disease that can kill mature trees within a few weeks in summer. R. lauricola has been shown to be lethal to most native species of Lauraceae and cultivated avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in the southeastern United States. In this study, we examined the survival of X. glabratus and R. lauricola in wood chips made from infested trees by using a standard tree chipper over a 10-wk period. After 2 wk, 14 X. glabratus were recovered from wood chips, whereas 339 X. glabratus emerged from nonchipped bolts. R. lauricola was not found 2 d postchipping from wood chips, indicating that the pathogen is not likely to survive for long inside wood chips. In contrast, R. lauricola persisted in dead, standing redbay trees for 14 mo. With large volumes of wood, the potential for infested logs to be moved between states or across U.S. borders is significant. Results demonstrated that chipping wood from laurel wilt-killed trees can significantly reduce the number of X. glabratus and limit the persistence of R. lauricola, which is important for sanitation strategies aimed at limiting the spread of this disease.

2D and 3D interconnect fabrication by picosecond Laser Induced Forward Transfer

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oosterhuis, G.; Huis in 't veld, A.J.; Chall, P.

2011-01-01

Interconnects are an important cost driver in advanced 3D chip packaging. This holds for Through Silicon Vias (TSV) for chip stacking, but also for other integrated Si-technology. Especially in applications with a low number (<100 mm-2) of relatively large (10-2- um diameter), high aspect ratio

Photonic network-on-chip design

CERN Document Server

Bergman, Keren; Biberman, Aleksandr; Chan, Johnnie; Hendry, Gilbert

2013-01-01

This book provides a comprehensive synthesis of the theory and practice of photonic devices for networks-on-chip. It outlines the issues in designing photonic network-on-chip architectures for future many-core high performance chip multiprocessors. The discussion is built from the bottom up: starting with the design and implementation of key photonic devices and building blocks, reviewing networking and network-on-chip theory and existing research, and finishing with describing various architectures, their characteristics, and the impact they will have on a computing system. After acquainting

Solid state silicon based condenser microphone for hearing aid, has transducer chip and IC chip between intermediate chip and openings on both sides of intermediate chip, to allow sound towards diaphragm

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2000-01-01

towards diaphragm. Surface of the chip (2) has electrical conductors (14) to connect chip with IC chip (3). USE - For use in miniature electroacoustic devices such as hearing aid. ADVANTAGE - Since sound inlet is covered by filter, dust, moisture and other impurities do not obstruct interior and sound...... inlet of microphone. External electrical connection can be made economically reliable and the thermal stress is avoided with the small size solid state silicon based condenser microphone....

$W^{+}W^{-}$ production and triple gauge boson couplings at LEP energies up to 183 GeV

CERN Document Server

Abbiendi, G.; Alexander, G.; Allison, John; Altekamp, N.; Anderson, K.J.; Anderson, S.; Arcelli, S.; Asai, S.; Ashby, S.F.; Axen, D.; Azuelos, G.; Ball, A.H.; Barberio, E.; Barlow, Roger J.; Bartoldus, R.; Batley, J.R.; Baumann, S.; Bechtluft, J.; Behnke, T.; Bell, Kenneth Watson; Bella, G.; Bellerive, A.; Bentvelsen, S.; Bethke, S.; Betts, S.; Biebel, O.; Biguzzi, A.; Bird, S.D.; Blobel, V.; Bloodworth, I.J.; Bock, P.; Bohme, J.; Bonacorsi, D.; Boutemeur, M.; Braibant, S.; Bright-Thomas, P.; Brigliadori, L.; Brown, Robert M.; Burckhart, H.J.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R.K.; Carter, A.A.; Carter, J.R.; Chang, C.Y.; Charlton, David G.; Chrisman, D.; Ciocca, C.; Clarke, P.E.L.; Clay, E.; Cohen, I.; Conboy, J.E.; Cooke, O.C.; Couyoumtzelis, C.; Coxe, R.L.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G.Marco; Davis, R.; De Jong, S.; De Roeck, A.; Dervan, P.; Desch, K.; Dienes, B.; Dixit, M.S.; Dubbert, J.; Duchovni, E.; Duckeck, G.; Duerdoth, I.P.; Eatough, D.; Estabrooks, P.G.; Etzion, E.; Fabbri, F.; Fanti, M.; Faust, A.A.; Fiedler, F.; Fierro, M.; Fleck, I.; Folman, R.; Furtjes, A.; Futyan, D.I.; Gagnon, P.; Gary, J.W.; Gascon, J.; Gascon-Shotkin, S.M.; Gaycken, G.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Giacomelli, G.; Giacomelli, P.; Gibson, V.; Gibson, W.R.; Gingrich, D.M.; Glenzinski, D.; Goldberg, J.; Gorn, W.; Grandi, C.; Graham, K.; Gross, E.; Grunhaus, J.; Gruwe, M.; Hanson, G.G.; Hansroul, M.; Hapke, M.; Harder, K.; Harel, A.; Hargrove, C.K.; Hartmann, C.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C.M.; Hawkings, R.; Hemingway, R.J.; Herndon, M.; Herten, G.; Heuer, R.D.; Hildreth, M.D.; Hill, J.C.; Hobson, P.R.; Hoch, M.; Hocker, James Andrew; Hoffman, Kara Dion; Homer, R.J.; Honma, A.K.; Horvath, D.; Hossain, K.R.; Howard, R.; Huntemeyer, P.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Imrie, D.C.; Ishii, K.; Jacob, F.R.; Jawahery, A.; Jeremie, H.; Jimack, M.; Jones, C.R.; Jovanovic, P.; Junk, T.R.; Karlen, D.; Kartvelishvili, V.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Kayal, P.I.; Keeler, R.K.; Kellogg, R.G.; Kennedy, B.W.; Kim, D.H.; Klier, A.; Kluth, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Kobel, M.; Koetke, D.S.; Kokott, T.P.; Kolrep, M.; Komamiya, S.; Kowalewski, Robert V.; Kress, T.; Krieger, P.; von Krogh, J.; Kuhl, T.; Kyberd, P.; Lafferty, G.D.; Landsman, H.; Lanske, D.; Lauber, J.; Lautenschlager, S.R.; Lawson, I.; Layter, J.G.; Lazic, D.; Lee, A.M.; Lellouch, D.; Letts, J.; Levinson, L.; Liebisch, R.; List, B.; Littlewood, C.; Lloyd, A.W.; Lloyd, S.L.; Loebinger, F.K.; Long, G.D.; Losty, M.J.; Ludwig, J.; Lui, D.; Macchiolo, A.; Macpherson, A.; Mader, W.; Mannelli, M.; Marcellini, S.; Markopoulos, C.; Martin, A.J.; Martin, J.P.; Martinez, G.; Mashimo, T.; Mattig, Peter; McDonald, W.John; McKenna, J.; Mckigney, E.A.; McMahon, T.J.; McPherson, R.A.; Meijers, F.; Menke, S.; Merritt, F.S.; Mes, H.; Meyer, J.; Michelini, A.; Mihara, S.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D.J.; Mir, R.; Mohr, W.; Montanari, A.; Mori, T.; Nagai, K.; Nakamura, I.; Neal, H.A.; Nellen, B.; Nisius, R.; O'Neale, S.W.; Oakham, F.G.; Odorici, F.; Ogren, H.O.; Oreglia, M.J.; Orito, S.; Palinkas, J.; Pasztor, G.; Pater, J.R.; Patrick, G.N.; Patt, J.; Perez-Ochoa, R.; Petzold, S.; Pfeifenschneider, P.; Pilcher, J.E.; Pinfold, J.; Plane, David E.; Poffenberger, P.; Polok, J.; Przybycien, M.; Rembser, C.; Rick, H.; Robertson, S.; Robins, S.A.; Rodning, N.; Roney, J.M.; Roscoe, K.; Rossi, A.M.; Rozen, Y.; Runge, K.; Runolfsson, O.; Rust, D.R.; Sachs, K.; Saeki, T.; Sahr, O.; Sang, W.M.; Sarkisian, E.K.G.; Sbarra, C.; Schaile, A.D.; Schaile, O.; Scharf, F.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schieck, J.; Schmitt, B.; Schmitt, S.; Schoning, A.; Schroder, Matthias; Schumacher, M.; Schwick, C.; Scott, W.G.; Seuster, R.; Shears, T.G.; Shen, B.C.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C.H.; Sherwood, P.; Siroli, G.P.; Sittler, A.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A.M.; Snow, G.A.; Sobie, R.; Soldner-Rembold, S.; Spagnolo, S.; Sproston, M.; Stahl, A.; Stephens, K.; Steuerer, J.; Stoll, K.; Strom, David M.; Strohmer, R.; Surrow, B.; Talbot, S.D.; Tanaka, S.; Taras, P.; Tarem, S.; Teuscher, R.; Thiergen, M.; Thomas, J.; Thomson, M.A.; von Torne, E.; Torrence, E.; Towers, S.; Trigger, I.; Trocsanyi, Z.; Tsur, E.; Turcot, A.S.; Turner-Watson, M.F.; Ueda, I.; Vachon, B.; Van Kooten, Rick J.; Vannerem, P.; Verzocchi, M.; Voss, H.; Wackerle, F.; Wagner, A.; Ward, C.P.; Ward, D.R.; Watkins, P.M.; Watson, A.T.; Watson, N.K.; Wells, P.S.; Wermes, N.; White, J.S.; Wilson, G.W.; Wilson, J.A.; Wyatt, T.R.; Yamashita, S.; Yekutieli, G.; Zacek, V.; Zer-Zion, D.

1999-01-01

A study of W-pair production in e+e- annihilations at Lep2 is presented, based on 877 W+W- candidates corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 57 pb-1 at sqrt(s) = 183 GeV. Assuming that the angular distributions of the W-pair production and decay, as well as their branching fractions, are described by the Standard Model, the W-pair production cross-section is measured to be 15.43 +- 0.61 (stat.) +- 0.26 (syst.) pb. Assuming lepton universality and combining with our results from lower centre-of-mass energies, the W branching fraction to hadrons is determined to be 67.9 +- 1.2 (stat.) +- 0.5 (syst.)%. The number of W-pair candidates and the angular distributions for each final state (qqlnu,qqqq,lnulnu) are used to determine the triple gauge boson couplings. After combining these values with our results from lower centre-of-mass energies we obtain D(kappa_g)=0.11+0.52-0.37, D(g^z_1)=0.01+0.13-0.12 and lambda=-0.10+0.13-0.12, where the errors include both statistical and systematic uncertainties and each co...

A 0.7-V 17.4- μ W 3-lead wireless ECG SoC.

Science.gov (United States)

Khayatzadeh, Mahmood; Zhang, Xiaoyang; Tan, Jun; Liew, Wen-Sin; Lian, Yong

2013-10-01

This paper presents a fully integrated sub-1 V 3-lead wireless ECG System-on-Chip (SoC) for wireless body sensor network applications. The SoC includes a two-channel ECG front-end with a driven-right-leg circuit, an 8-bit SAR ADC, a custom-designed 16-bit microcontroller, two banks of 16 kb SRAM, and a MICS band transceiver. The microcontroller and SRAM blocks are able to operate at sub-/near-threshold regime for the best energy consumption. The proposed SoC has been implemented in a standard 0.13- μ m CMOS process. Measurement results show the microcontroller consumes only 2.62 pJ per instruction at 0.35 V . Both microcontroller and memory blocks are functional down to 0.25 V. The entire SoC is capable of working at single 0.7-V supply. At the best case, it consumes 17.4 μ W in heart rate detection mode and 74.8 μW in raw data acquisition mode under sampling rate of 500 Hz. This makes it one of the best ECG SoCs among state-of-the-art biomedical chips.

Experiment list: SRX214086 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available entiated || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=none || chip antibody manufacturer 1=none || chip antibody 2=none || chip antibody manuf...acturer 2=none http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-

Optical lattice on an atom chip

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gallego, D.; Hofferberth, S.; Schumm, Thorsten

2009-01-01

Optical dipole traps and atom chips are two very powerful tools for the quantum manipulation of neutral atoms. We demonstrate that both methods can be combined by creating an optical lattice potential on an atom chip. A red-detuned laser beam is retroreflected using the atom chip surface as a high......-quality mirror, generating a vertical array of purely optical oblate traps. We transfer thermal atoms from the chip into the lattice and observe cooling into the two-dimensional regime. Using a chip-generated Bose-Einstein condensate, we demonstrate coherent Bloch oscillations in the lattice....

Zadania samorządów gminnych województwa lubelskiego w zakresie ochrony zdrowia = The tasks of local governments Lublin province about Healthcare

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martyna Warchoł

2016-07-01

2Katedra i Zakład Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie   Adres do korespondencji dr n. med. Marzena Furtak-Niczyporuk Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 20 – 081 Lublin ul. Chodźki 1     Abstrakt Wprowadzenie Gmina jest podstawową jednostką samorządu terytorialnego. Konstytucja RP określa gminę jako podstawową jednostkę samorządu terytorialnego. Dostęp do świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej gwarantuje obywatelom art. 68 ust 1  Konstytucji RP. W ust. 2 tegoż artykułu nakłada na władze publiczne obowiązek zapewnienia równego dostępu do opieki zdrowotnej finansowanych ze środków publicznych. Zgodnie z u. s. g. do zadań własnych gminy należy zaspokajanie potrzeb zbiorowych wspólnoty w sprawach ochrony zdrowia. Cel pracy Celem pracy jest przedstawienie działalności  samorządu gminy w zakresie ochrony zdrowia na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Materiał i metody W badaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Narzędziem badawczym był kwestionariusz ankiety własnego autorstwa złożony z 24 pytań. Grupę badaną stanowili urzędnicy 213 samorządów gminnych województwa lubelskiego, z czego 170 to gminy wiejskie, 23 to gminy miejsko – wiejskie, 20 to gminy miejskie. Badania odbywały się na zasadzie anonimowości. Ankiety zostały wysyłane do respondentów za pomocą Internetu. Wyniki i wnioski Z badań wynika, że jednostki samorządu terytorialnego podejmują bardzo okrojone działania w zakresie ochrony. Często nie wykonując obowiązkowych zadań do których zobowiązują ich normy prawne.   Słowa kluczowe: gmina, ochrona zdrowia, zadania.     Abstract Introduction The municipality is the basic unit of local government. The Constitution defines the municipality as the basic unit of local government. Access Health Care Services do guarantee citizens the art. 68 of the Constitution Paragraph 1. Paragraph. 2 of the same article imposes on the public authorities to ensure equal access to health care financed

Optimizing the on-chip communication architecture of low power Systems-on-Chip in Deep Sub-Micron technology

OpenAIRE

Leroy, Anthony

2006-01-01

Ce mémoire traite des systèmes intégrés sur puce (System-on-Chip) à faible consommation d'énergie tels que ceux qui seront utilisés dans les équipements portables de future génération (ordinateurs de poche (PDA), téléphones mobiles). S'agissant d'équipements alimentés par des batteries, la consommation énergétique est un problème critique. Ces plateformes contiendront probablement une douzaine de coeurs de processeur et une quantité importante de mémoire embarquée. Une architecture de communi...

Experiment list: SRX214071 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox2-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=none || chip antibody manufacture...r 1=none || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=

Design of a Novel W-Sinker RF LDMOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiangming Xu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A novel RF LDMOS device structure and corresponding manufacturing process are presented in this paper. Deep trench W-sinker (tungsten sinker is employed in this technology to replace the traditional heavily doped diffusion sinker which can shrink chip size of the LDMOS transistor by more than 30% and improve power density. Furthermore, the W-sinker structure reduces the parasitic resistance and inductance and improves thermal conductivity of the device as well. Combined with the adoption of the techniques, like grounded shield, step gate oxide, LDD optimization, and so forth, an advanced technology for RF LDMOS based on conventional 0.35 μm CMOS technology is well established. An F+A power amplifier product with frequency range of 1.8–2.1 GHz is developed for the application of 4G LTE base station and industry leading performance is achieved. The qualification results show that the device reliability and ruggedness can also meet requirement of the application.

Experiment list: SRX214075 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available age=Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox17EK-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=none || chip antibody manufacture...r 1=none || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacture

Experiment list: SRX214074 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ge=Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox17EK-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=none || chip antibody manufacture...r 1=none || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacture

Experiment list: SRX214072 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available e=Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox2KE-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=none || chip antibody manufacture...r 1=none || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacture

Quantum W3 gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schoutens, K.; van Nieuwenhuizen, P.; State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, NY

1991-11-01

We briefly review some results in the theory of quantum W 3 gravity in the chiral gauge. We compare them with similar results in the analogous but simpler cases of d = 2 induced gauge theories and d = 2 induced gravity

Local structure of metallic chips examined by X-ray microdiffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saksl, K.; Rokicki, P.; Siemers, C.; Ostroushko, D.; Bednarčík, J.; Rütt, U.

2013-01-01

Highlights: •We present a detailed microstructure and phase analysis of chips produced by cutting. •3D analysis proved mixed nature of shear bands propagation to the material. •We examine phase composition of the chips by focused X-ray beam. •Crystallites in segment and shear band change their orientation up to 10°. -- Abstract: Nickel-base alloys are used in high-temperature applications whenever steels or titanium alloys cannot be applied anymore. This class of alloys is furthermore used in low-temperature applications in the oil or gas industry in case the corrosion resistance of stainless steels in related liquid media is not sufficient and titanium alloys would be too expensive. Nickel-base alloys, however, due to their high strength and toughness can be machined only at low cutting speeds as otherwise poor surface quality and enhanced tool wear is observed. From all aspects influencing the machinability, the chip formation mechanism is the key factor and only a thorough understanding of this mechanism can lead to an optimisation of the cutting process. In the current study, a detailed microstructure and phase analysis of Alloy 625 chips produced in an orthogonal cutting process at conventional cutting speeds is presented. Utilising hard monochromatic X-rays focused down to micrometre size, microstructural differences between distinct structural units of the chips, namely, the segments and shear bands, are investigated. Scanning cross sections of the chips with this small beam allowed us to determine misorientation between the segments and shear bands crystal lattices which as we found are not changing abruptly but continuously, with an absolute difference up to 10°

Local structure of metallic chips examined by X-ray microdiffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saksl, K., E-mail: ksaksl@imr.saske.sk [Institut of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia); Rokicki, P. [The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow (Poland); Siemers, C. [Institut fuer Werkstoffe, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany); Ostroushko, D. [Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava (Czech Republic); Bednarčík, J.; Rütt, U. [HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg (Germany)

2013-12-25

Highlights: •We present a detailed microstructure and phase analysis of chips produced by cutting. •3D analysis proved mixed nature of shear bands propagation to the material. •We examine phase composition of the chips by focused X-ray beam. •Crystallites in segment and shear band change their orientation up to 10°. -- Abstract: Nickel-base alloys are used in high-temperature applications whenever steels or titanium alloys cannot be applied anymore. This class of alloys is furthermore used in low-temperature applications in the oil or gas industry in case the corrosion resistance of stainless steels in related liquid media is not sufficient and titanium alloys would be too expensive. Nickel-base alloys, however, due to their high strength and toughness can be machined only at low cutting speeds as otherwise poor surface quality and enhanced tool wear is observed. From all aspects influencing the machinability, the chip formation mechanism is the key factor and only a thorough understanding of this mechanism can lead to an optimisation of the cutting process. In the current study, a detailed microstructure and phase analysis of Alloy 625 chips produced in an orthogonal cutting process at conventional cutting speeds is presented. Utilising hard monochromatic X-rays focused down to micrometre size, microstructural differences between distinct structural units of the chips, namely, the segments and shear bands, are investigated. Scanning cross sections of the chips with this small beam allowed us to determine misorientation between the segments and shear bands crystal lattices which as we found are not changing abruptly but continuously, with an absolute difference up to 10°.

Experiment list: SRX214067 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available fferentiated || cell line=F9 || chip antibody 1=Pou5f1/Oct4 || chip antibody manufacture...r 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody 2=none || chip antibody manufacturer 2=none http://dbarchive.bioscien

Experiment list: SRX122523 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Irf2 || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog ...number 1=ab65048 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-498 http://

Experiment list: SRX122485 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Atf3 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody ...catalog number 1=sc-188 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Abcam || chip antibody catalog number 2=ab70005-100

Experiment list: SRX122521 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Irf2 || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog ...number 1=ab65048 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-498 http://

Experiment list: SRX122520 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Irf2 || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog ...number 1=ab65048 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-498 http://

Experiment list: SRX122413 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalo...g number 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http:/

Experiment list: SRX122412 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalo...g number 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http:/

Experiment list: SRX122406 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Irf1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog... number 1=ab52520 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-640 http:/

Experiment list: SRX122565 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat2 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog... number 1=ab53149 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-839 http:/

Single-Chip Fully Integrated Direct-Modulation CMOS RF Transmitters for Short-Range Wireless Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Jamal Deen

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Ultra-low power radio frequency (RF transceivers used in short-range application such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs require efficient, reliable and fully integrated transmitter architectures with minimal building blocks. This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of single-chip, fully integrated 2.4 GHz and 433 MHz RF transmitters using direct-modulation power voltage-controlled oscillators (PVCOs in addition to a 2.0 GHz phase-locked loop (PLL based transmitter. All three RF transmitters have been fabricated in a standard mixed-signal CMOS 0.18 µm technology. Measurement results of the 2.4 GHz transmitter show an improvement in drain efficiency from 27% to 36%. The 2.4 GHz and 433 MHz transmitters deliver an output power of 8 dBm with a phase noise of −122 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, while drawing 15.4 mA of current and an output power of 6.5 dBm with a phase noise of −120 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, while drawing 20.8 mA of current from 1.5 V power supplies, respectively. The PLL transmitter delivers an output power of 9 mW with a locking range of 128 MHz and consumes 26 mA from 1.8 V power supply. The experimental results demonstrate that the RF transmitters can be efficiently used in low power WSN applications.

A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with on-chip automatic tuning for wireless sensor network application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wan Chuanchuan; Li Zhiqun; Hou Ningbing

2011-01-01

A G m -C complex filter with on-chip automatic tuning for wireless sensor networks is designed and implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS process. This filter is synthesized from a low-pass 5th-order Chebyshev RLC ladder filter prototype by means of capacitors and fully balanced transconductors. A conventional phase-locked loop is used to realize the on-chip automatic tuning for both center frequency and bandwidth control. The filter is centered at 2 MHz with a bandwidth of 2.4 MHz. The measured results show that the filter provides more than 45 dB image rejection while the ripple in the pass-band is less than 1.2 dB. The complete filter including on-chip tuning circuit consumes 4.9 mA with 1.8 V single supply voltage. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

Experiment list: SRX122510 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Egr1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog... number 1=ab54966-100 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-110 ht

Experiment list: SRX122519 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Irf2 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalo...g number 1=ab65048 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-498 http:

Experiment list: SRX122472 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Runx1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalo...g number 1=ab61753 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-8564 http

Experiment list: SRX122473 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Runx1 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody ca...talog number 1=ab61753 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-8564

Experiment list: SRX122497 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Rel || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=sc-71 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-70 http:

Experiment list: SRX122410 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog n...umber 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http://db

Experiment list: SRX186172 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 1=YY1 || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody 2=YY1 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cru...ip-Seq; Mus musculus; ChIP-Seq source_name=Rag1 -/- pro-B cells || chip antibody

Experiment list: SRX122493 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Atf4 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catal...og number 1=ab28830-100 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-200

Experiment list: SRX122571 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat2 || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catal...og number 1=ab53149 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-839 http

Experiment list: SRX122411 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Junb || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog n...umber 1=ab28838 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-46 http://db

Experiment list: SRX122498 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Rel || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=sc-71 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-70 http:

Experiment list: SRX122516 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Irf2 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalo...g number 1=ab65048 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-498 http:

Experiment list: SRX122495 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Rel || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catal...og number 1=sc-71 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-70 http://

Recent advances in design and fabrication of on-chip micro-supercapacitors

Science.gov (United States)

Beidaghi, Majid; Wang, Chunlei

2012-06-01

Recent development in miniaturized electronic devices has increased the demand for power sources that are sufficiently compact and can potentially be integrated on a chip with other electronic components. Miniaturized electrochemical capacitors (EC) or micro-supercapacitors have great potential to complement or replace batteries and electrolytic capacitors in a variety of applications. Recently, we have developed several types of micro-supercapacitors with different structural designs and active materials. Carbon-Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS) with three dimensional (3D) interdigital structures are employed both as electrode material for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) or as three dimensional (3D) current collectors of pseudo-capacitive materials. More recently, we have also developed microsupercapacitor based on hybrid graphene and carbon nanotube interdigital structures. In this paper, the recent advances in design and fabrication of on-chip micro-supercapacitors are reviewed.

75 FR 10026 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Forms W-2, W-2c, W-2AS, W-2GU, W-2VI, W-3, W-3c, W-3cPR...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-04

... W-2, W-2c, W-2AS, W-2GU, W-2VI, W-3, W-3c, W-3cPR, W-3PR, and W-3SS AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service....C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Forms W-2, W-2c, W-2AS, W-2GU, W-2VI, W-3, W-3c, W- 3cPR, W-3PR, and W-3SS. DATES: Written comments should be received on or...

Experiment list: SRX122563 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody ...catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A h

Experiment list: SRX122564 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody ...catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A h

Experiment list: SRX122488 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Atf3 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody c...atalog number 1=sc-188 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Abcam || chip antibody catalog number 2=ab70005-100 h

Experiment list: SRX122491 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Atf3 || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=sc-188 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Abcam || chip antibody catalog number 2=ab70005-100 htt

Experiment list: SRX122548 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody... catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A

Experiment list: SRX122468 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Rela || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Bethyl || chip antibody catalo...g number 1=A301-824A || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-372 htt

Experiment list: SRX122561 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody ...catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A h

Experiment list: SRX122409 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Irf1 || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody cata...log number 1=ab52520 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-640 htt

Experiment list: SRX122487 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Atf3 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody c...atalog number 1=sc-188 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Abcam || chip antibody catalog number 2=ab70005-100 h

Experiment list: SRX122552 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibo...dy catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753

Experiment list: SRX122408 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available p antibody=Irf1 || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catal...og number 1=ab52520 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-640 http

Experiment list: SRX122513 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available p antibody=Egr1 || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catal...og number 1=ab54966-100 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-110

Experiment list: SRX122567 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available p antibody=Stat2 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=ab53149 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-839 ht

Experiment list: SRX122490 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Atf3 || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=sc-188 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Abcam || chip antibody catalog number 2=ab70005-100 htt

Experiment list: SRX122558 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available hip antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antib...ody catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-75

Experiment list: SRX122494 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available hip antibody=Atf4 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody ca...talog number 1=ab28830-100 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-2

Experiment list: SRX122557 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available hip antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antib...ody catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-75

Experiment list: SRX122492 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Atf3 || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=sc-188 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Abcam || chip antibody catalog number 2=ab70005-100 htt

Experiment list: SRX122549 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody... catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A

Experiment list: SRX122484 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ntibody=Atf3 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody cata...log number 1=sc-188 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Abcam || chip antibody catalog number 2=ab70005-100 http

Experiment list: SRX122514 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available tibody=Irf2 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody catalog nu...mber 1=ab65048 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-498 http://db

Experiment list: SRX122570 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available p antibody=Stat2 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=ab53149 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-839 ht

Experiment list: SRX122569 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Stat2 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody ca...talog number 1=ab53149 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-839 h

Experiment list: SRX122511 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Egr1 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Abcam || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=ab54966-100 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-11

Experiment list: SRX122471 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Rela || treatment=LPS || time=60 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Bethyl || chip antibody cat...alog number 1=A301-824A || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-372

Experiment list: SRX122554 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ip antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=120 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibo...dy catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753

Experiment list: SRX122551 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody ca...talog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A htt

Experiment list: SRX122546 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available p antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody ...catalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A h

Experiment list: SRX122547 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody c...atalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A ht

Experiment list: SRX214084 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available turer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacture...ge=Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox17-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=Pou5f1/Oct4 || chip antibody manufac

Experiment list: SRX122544 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody c...atalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A ht

Experiment list: SRX214082 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available facturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacture...age=Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox17EK-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=Pou5f1/Oct4 || chip antibody manu

Experiment list: SRX122466 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available p antibody=Relb || treatment=LPS || time=30 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Bethyl || chip antibody cata...log number 1=A302-183A || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Santa Cruz || chip antibody catalog number 2=sc-226 h

Experiment list: SRX122545 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available antibody=Stat1 || treatment=LPS || time=0 min || chip antibody manufacturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody c...atalog number 1=sc-346 || chip antibody manufacturer 2=Bethyl || chip antibody catalog number 2=A302-753A ht

Experiment list: SRX214080 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available cturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacture...ge=Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox2KE-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=Pou5f1/Oct4 || chip antibody manufa

Experiment list: SRX214081 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available cturer 1=Santa Cruz || chip antibody 2=V5 || chip antibody manufacture...ge=Undifferentiated || treatment=Overexpress Sox2KE-V5 tagged || cell line=KH2 || chip antibody 1=Pou5f1/Oct4 || chip antibody manufa

Hydrochemizm żródeł w Ojcowskim Parku Narodowym

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Wiśnios

2015-09-01

Full Text Available W pracy przedstawiono analizę wyników badań hydrochemicznych, którymi objęto źródła występujące na terenie Ojcowskiego Parku Narodowego. W terenie zinwentaryzowano 19 źródeł, w tym 10 w Dolinie Sąspowskiej i 9 w Dolinie Prądnika. Wszystkie źródła w Dolinie Sąspowskiej posiadają naturalne misy, natomiast w Dolinie Prądnika misy 7 źródeł zostały częściowo lub całkowicie zabudowane przez człowieka. Podczas prac terenowych zmierzono wydajność źródeł oraz temperaturę wody, pH, przewodność elektrolityczną i potencjał redoks, a w laboratorium oznaczono stężenia kilkunastu jonów, w tym makro- i mikroelementów oraz związków biogennych. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że w OPN dominują źródła o wydajność od 1 do 10 dm3 · s–1. Ze źródeł wypływa woda prosta dwujonowa wodorowęglanowo-wapniowa, o odczynie słabo zasadowym. Na podstawie klasyfikacji badanych elementów fizykochemicznych zaliczono je do klasy II, czyli wód o dobrej jakości. W wodzie wszystkich źródeł stwierdzono podwyższone stężenie wodorowęglanów, wapnia oraz azotanów, co jest prawdopodobnie wynikiem naturalnych procesów zachodzących w wodach podziemnych i nie wskazuje na wpływ działalności człowieka, albo jest to wpływ bardzo słaby.

Development of Equivalent Material Properties of Microbump for Simulating Chip Stacking Packaging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang-Chun Lee

2015-08-01

Full Text Available three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC structure with a significant scale mismatch causes difficulty in analytic model construction. This paper proposes a simulation technique to introduce an equivalent material composed of microbumps and their surrounding wafer level underfill (WLUF. The mechanical properties of this equivalent material, including Young’s modulus (E, Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE, are directly obtained by applying either a tensile load or a constant displacement, and by increasing the temperature during simulations, respectively. Analytic results indicate that at least eight microbumps at the outermost region of the chip stacking structure need to be considered as an accurate stress/strain contour in the concerned region. In addition, a factorial experimental design with analysis of variance is proposed to optimize chip stacking structure reliability with four factors: chip thickness, substrate thickness, CTE, and E-value. Analytic results show that the most significant factor is CTE of WLUF. This factor affects microbump reliability and structural warpage under a temperature cycling load and high-temperature bonding process. WLUF with low CTE and high E-value are recommended to enhance the assembly reliability of the 3D-IC architecture.

Geometric Algorithms for Private-Cache Chip Multiprocessors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ajwani, Deepak; Sitchinava, Nodari; Zeh, Norbert

2010-01-01

-D convex hulls. These results are obtained by analyzing adaptations of either the PEM merge sort algorithm or PRAM algorithms. For the second group of problems—orthogonal line segment intersection reporting, batched range reporting, and related problems—more effort is required. What distinguishes......We study techniques for obtaining efficient algorithms for geometric problems on private-cache chip multiprocessors. We show how to obtain optimal algorithms for interval stabbing counting, 1-D range counting, weighted 2-D dominance counting, and for computing 3-D maxima, 2-D lower envelopes, and 2...... these problems from the ones in the previous group is the variable output size, which requires I/O-efficient load balancing strategies based on the contribution of the individual input elements to the output size. To obtain nearly optimal algorithms for these problems, we introduce a parallel distribution...

Design and Verification of Digital Architecture of 65K Pixel Readout Chip for High-Energy Physics

CERN Document Server