Interphase microstress measurements in IN 718 by cold neutron diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Repper, J.; Link, P.; Hofmann, M.; Petry, W. [TU Muenchen, Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Garching (Germany); Krempaszky, C. [TU Muenchen, Christian-Doppler-Labor fuer Werkstoffmechanik von Hochleistungslegierungen, Garching (Germany); Werner, E. [TU Muenchen, Lehrstuhl fuer Werkstoffkunde und Werkstoffmechanik, Garching (Germany)

2010-06-15

Thermal neutron diffraction is an important and reliable method for the investigation of microscopic stresses. The measurement of Bragg reflections caused by phases of small volume fractions, however, is often intricate due to low intensities and overlapping peaks. The wavelength range of cold neutrons allows to shift the Bragg reflections to larger scattering angles resulting in an increase of relative distances between Bragg reflections. The high resolution of cold neutron diffraction technique is demonstrated by in-situ load tests in which selected Bragg reflections caused by precipitates with small volume fractions in the precipitation strengthened alloy IN 718 are observed. The accumulated microstrains show marked differences in dependence of the precipitated phases within the matrix phase. (orig.)

Design and experimental tests of a novel neutron spin analyzer for wide angle spin echo spectrometers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fouquet, Peter; Farago, Bela; Andersen, Ken H.; Bentley, Phillip M.; Pastrello, Gilles; Sutton, Iain; Thaveron, Eric; Thomas, Frederic [Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); Moskvin, Evgeny [Helmholtzzentrum Berlin, Glienicker Strasse 100, D-14109 Berlin (Germany); Pappas, Catherine [Helmholtzzentrum Berlin, Glienicker Strasse 100, D-14109 Berlin (Germany); Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft (Netherlands)

2009-09-15

This paper describes the design and experimental tests of a novel neutron spin analyzer optimized for wide angle spin echo spectrometers. The new design is based on nonremanent magnetic supermirrors, which are magnetized by vertical magnetic fields created by NdFeB high field permanent magnets. The solution presented here gives stable performance at moderate costs in contrast to designs invoking remanent supermirrors. In the experimental part of this paper we demonstrate that the new design performs well in terms of polarization, transmission, and that high quality neutron spin echo spectra can be measured.

Time-of-flight diffraction at pulsed neutron sources: An introduction to the symposium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jorgensen, J.D.

1994-01-01

In the 25 years since the first low-power demonstration experiments, pulsed neutron sources have become as productive as reactor sources for many types of diffraction experiments. The pulsed neutron sources presently operating in the United States, England, and Japan offer state of the art instruments for powder and single crystal diffraction, small angle scattering, and such specialized techniques as grazing-incidence neutron reflection, as well as quasielastic and inelastic scattering. In this symposium, speakers review the latest advances in diffraction instrumentation for pulsed neutron sources and give examples of some of the important science presently being done. In this introduction to the symposium, I briefly define the basic principles of pulsed neutron sources, review their development, comment in general terms on the development of time-of-flight diffraction instrumentation for these sources, and project how this field will develop in the next ten years

Membrane structure: neutron diffraction and small angle scattering studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaccai, G.

1985-01-01

The author considers a molecule in a beam of radiation of wavelength lambda. Two extreme ways are shown in which on can have many identical molecules in a sample: a crystal in which they are related to each other by the symmetry of a lattice, and complete disorder in which there is no correlation between molecules. The detailed crystallographic analysis of isomorphous replacement is examined. Neutron diffraction experiments with specific deuteration are performed to characterize interactions of cholesterol with lipid bilayers. Retinal rod outer segment disk membranes and the purple membrane of H. halobium are examined

Neutron diffraction on polymorphic phases of phospholipids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adachi, Tomohiro; Furusaka, Michihiro; Otomo, Toshiya; Hatta, Ichiro

2001-01-01

Small angle neutron diffraction experiments were performed in DPPC and DPPC/cholesterol systems. We investigated the DPPC-d62 bilayers without cholesterol and the DPPC-d75 bilayers with 5 and 15 mol% cholesterol. For DPPC-d62 systems, in the gel and fluid phase, the reflections up to third order from lamellar structure were observed. Scattering length density profiles of these systems were generated. They show that the packing density of hydrocarbon chain in gel phase is higher than in fluid phase. We show that the neutron diffraction experiment is effective on observing the packing and the scattering length density of the hydrocarbon chain. On the other hand, for DPPC-d75/cholesterol systems, only the reflection from the ripple structure was observed. It shows that cholesterol is periodically localized in accordance with ripple structure forming a periodic bandlike structure parallel to a ridge of the ripple structure. (author)

The design and q resolution of the small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument (TAIKAN) in J-PARC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takata, Shin-ichi; Suzuki, Jun-ichi; Shinohara, Takenao; Oku, Takayuki; Tominaga, Taiki; Nakatani, Takeshi; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Suzuya, Kentaro; Aizawa, Kazuya; Arai, Masatoshi; Ohishi, Kazuki; Iwase, Hiroki; Ito, Takayoshi; Otomo, Toshiya; Sugiyama, Masaaki

2015-01-01

The small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument (TAIKAN) is designed to cover the wide q range of 0.005 0.3 Å"-"1 with the other banks. The q resolution was compared with the values experimentally obtained from the widths of Bragg peaks of a standard sample, silver behenate. The results of the experiment were consistent with the theory. It was confirmed that TAIKAN was completed as was expected. (author)

Novel tendencies in developing small-angle neutron scattering methods for studying the structure of biological macromolecules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Serdyuk, I.

1995-01-01

In recent 20 years thermal neutron scattering has been acknowledged an important instrument for structural studies in molecular biology. The methods of neutron diffraction of high resolution, which are not discussed in this paper, have already permitted to obtain a detailed representation of the course of proteolytic reactions and have arisen a number of new problems connected with the localization of water molecules and the H-D exchange. The methods of low resolution widely used due to a relative simplicity of the experiment have been successfully applied for both solving structural problems per se and investigating the changes in the structure when macromolecules perform their biological functions. The most promising are novel experimental approaches: the triple isotopic substitution method and the method of spin dynamic polarization. These methods ensure solving structural problems at a higher resolution than the dimensions of the macromolecules studied. Installation of new experimental instruments makes neutron measurements more accessible, and development of direct methods for interpretation of experimental data using the apparatus of spherical harmonics opens new possibilities for small-angle neutron scattering making it a necessary element for interpretation of diffraction data of monocrystals of intricate biological macromolecules. The paper presents a brief account of the tendencies in theoretical development and practical use of small-angle scattering for studying biological macromolecules. Special attention is given to the studies carried out in the Laboratory of Neutron Physics on a unique pulse IBR-2 reactor. (author) 14 refs

Penetration route of functional molecules in stratum corneum studied by time-resolved small- and wide-angle x-ray diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hatta, Ichiro; Ohta, Noboru; Yagi, Naoto; Nakazawa, Hiromitsu; Obata, Yasuko; Inoue, Katsuaki

2011-01-01

We studied effects of functional molecules on corneocytes in stratum corneum using time-resolved small- and wide-angle x-ray diffraction after applying a functional molecule. From these results it was revealed that in the stratum corneum a typical hydrophilic molecule, ethanol, penetrates via the transcellular route and on the other hand a typical hydrophobic molecule, d-limonene, penetrates via the intercellular route.

X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of crystallinity in hydroxyapatite coatings.

Science.gov (United States)

Girardin, E; Millet, P; Lodini, A

2000-02-01

To standardize industrial implant production and make comparisons between different experimental results, we have to be able to quantify the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite. Methods of measuring crystallinity ratio were developed for various HA samples before and after plasma spraying. The first series of methods uses X-ray diffraction. The advantage of these methods is that X-ray diffraction equipment is used widely in science and industry. In the second series, a neutron diffraction method is developed and the results recorded are similar to those obtained by the modified X-ray diffraction methods. The advantage of neutron diffraction is the ability to obtain measurements deep inside a component. It is a nondestructive method, owing to the very low absorption of neutrons in most materials. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Automated grain mapping using wide angle convergent beam electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope for nanomaterials.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Vineet

2011-12-01

The grain size statistics, commonly derived from the grain map of a material sample, are important microstructure characteristics that greatly influence its properties. The grain map for nanomaterials is usually obtained manually by visual inspection of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs because automated methods do not perform satisfactorily. While the visual inspection method provides reliable results, it is a labor intensive process and is often prone to human errors. In this article, an automated grain mapping method is developed using TEM diffraction patterns. The presented method uses wide angle convergent beam diffraction in the TEM. The automated technique was applied on a platinum thin film sample to obtain the grain map and subsequently derive grain size statistics from it. The grain size statistics obtained with the automated method were found in good agreement with the visual inspection method.

Crystallographic structures of absorbates and neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marti, C.; Thorel, P.

1975-01-01

The advantage of neutron diffraction is that it is possible to work at any pressure and therefore to study an adsorbant-adsorbate couple within a wide pressure and temperature range and at thermodynamic equilibrium. Nitrogen adsorbed on graphite and CF 4 adsorbed on graphite were measured [fr

Assessment of firing conditions in old fired-clay bricks. The contribution of X-ray powder diffraction with the Rietveld method and small angle neutron scattering

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Viani, Alberto; Sotiriadis, Konstantinos; Len, A.; Šašek, Petr; Ševčík, Radek

2016-01-01

Roč. 116, June (2016), s. 33-43 ISSN 1044-5803 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LO1219 Keywords : fired- clay brick * Rietveld method * small angle neutron scattering * X-ray diffraction * firing temperature Subject RIV: AL - Art, Architecture, Cultural Heritage Impact factor: 2.714, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044580316300870

Quantitative phase analysis by neutron diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Chang Hee; Song, Su Ho; Lee, Jin Ho; Shim, Hae Seop [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon (Korea)

1999-06-01

This study is to apply quantitative phase analysis (QPA) by neutron diffraction to the round robin samples provided by the International Union of Crystallography(IUCr). We measured neutron diffraction patterns for mixed samples which have several different weight percentages and their unique characteristic features. Neutron diffraction method has been known to be superior to its complementary methods such as X-ray or Synchrotron, but it is still accepted as highly reliable under limited conditions or samples. Neutron diffraction has strong capability especially on oxides due to its scattering cross-section of the oxygen and it can become a more strong tool for analysis on the industrial materials with this quantitative phase analysis techniques. By doing this study, we hope not only to do one of instrument performance tests on our HRPD but also to improve our ability on the analysis of neutron diffraction data by comparing our QPA results with others from any advanced reactor facilities. 14 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs. (Author)

Neutron diffraction studies of glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wright, A.C.

1987-01-01

A survey is given of the application of neutron diffraction to structural studies of oxide and halide glasses. As with crystalline materials, neutron and X-ray diffraction are the major structural probes for glasses and other amorphous solids, particularly in respect of intermediate range order. The glasses discussed mostly have structures which are dominated by a network in which the bonding is predominantly covalent. The examples discussed demonstrate the power of the neutron diffraction technique in the investigation of the structures of inorganic glasses. The best modern diffraction experiments are capable of providing accurate data with high real space resolution, which if used correctly, are an extremely fine filter for the various structural models proposed in the literature. 42 refs

The structure of pumice by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Floriano, M.A.; Venezia, A.M.; Deganello, G.; Svensson, E.C.; Root, J.H.

1994-01-01

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle neutron scattering (WANS) measurements on pumice, an amorphous natural aluminosilicate used as support for metals in the preparation of catalysts, are reported. The SANS spectrum indicates the presence of a broad size distribution of pores and the absence of volume fractality. Surface fractality, however, cannot be ruled out. The structure of pumice, suggested by the pair-correlation function derived from the WANS spectrum and simulated by a random-network structure model, is very similar to that of vitreous silica, consisting mainly of SiO 4- 4 tetrahedra interconnected by bridging O atoms with additional local disorder generated by the replacement, on average, of one in ten Si atoms by aluminium. (orig.)

Higher-order-structure formation in liquid crystal epoxy thermosets investigated by synchrotron radiation-wide-angle X-ray diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, Rina; Okuhara, Kenta; Nakamura, Akihiro; Hayakawa, Teruaki; Uehara, Yasushi; Motoya, Tsukasa; Nobutoki, Hideharu

2016-01-01

We report the investigation of the mesophase transformations of a liquid crystalline molecule with terminal epoxy groups from the initial stages of curing with a diamine compound. The ordered arrangement of molecules within the smectic layers in the thermoset formed at the end of the curing process was characterized by synchrotron radiation-wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD). Data from this experiment helps us understand the phase transitions from the nematic to smectic phases of curing liquid crystalline epoxies. (author)

Structure determination of AgPO3 and (AgPO3)0.5(AgI)0.5 glasses by neutron diffraction and small angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tachez, M.; Mercier, R.; Malugani, J.P.; Chieux, P.

1987-01-01

Neutron diffraction and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) were performed on AgPO 3 and (AgPO 3 ) 0.5 (AgI) 0.5 glasses. AgPO 3 glass is made up of long chains of PO 4 tetrahedra joined together by Ag atoms. When silver iodide is added, the radial distribution function shows a large peak at 2.83 A, due to Ag-I interactions. AgI does not modify the network forming unit. The existence of small clusters is confirmed by analysing the coordination number of Ag-I pairs obtained by subtracting the experimental structure function of the AgPO 3 glass from that of the corresponding AgI-doped glasses. A rough estimation of their size is given by SANS experiments. Not all the AgI pairs are involved in AgI cluster units. The compatibility of the results obtained with recent structural investigations by non diffractometric techniques is examined. 23 refs.; 5 figs.; 3 tabs

Neutron diffraction and oxide research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, B.; Howard, C.J.; Kennedy, B.J.

1999-01-01

Oxide compounds form a large class of interesting materials that have a diverse range of mechanical and electronic properties. This diversity and its commercial implications has had a significant impact on physics research. This is particularly evident in the fields of superconductivity magnetoresistivity and ferroelectricity, where discoveries in the last 15 years have given rise to significant shifts in research activities. Historically, oxides have been studied for many years, but it is only recently that significant effort has been diverted to the study of oxide materials for their application to mechanical and electronic devices. An important property of such materials is the atomic structure, for the determination of which diffraction techniques are ideally suited. Recent examples of structure determinations using neutron diffraction in oxide based systems are high temperature superconductors, where oxygen defects are a key factor. Here, neutron diffraction played a major role in determining the effect of oxygen on the superconducting properties. Similarly, neutron diffraction has enjoyed much success in the determination of the structures of the manganate based colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) materials. In both these cases the structure plays a pivotal role in determining theoretical models of the electronic properties. The neutron scattering group at ANSTO has investigated several oxide systems using neutron powder diffraction. Two such systems are presented in this paper; the zirconia-based materials that are used as engineering materials, and the perovskite-based oxides that include the well known cuprate superconductors and the manganate CMR materials

Report from the neutron diffraction work group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-08-01

This progress report of the neutron diffraction group at the Hahn Meitner Institute in Berlin comprises the following contributions: Three-dimensional critical properties of CsNiF 3 around the Neel point; Spin waves in CsNiF 3 with an applied magnetic field; Solitons in CsNiF 3 : Their experimental evidence and their thermodynamics; Neutron diffraction study of DAG at very low temperatures and in external magnetic field; Neutron diffraction investigation of tricritical behaviour in DyPO 4 ; Crystalline modifications and structural phase transitions of NaOH; Gitterdynamik von Cerhydrid; Investigation of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic phase transition in KH 2 PO 4 and RbH 2 PO 4 by means of γ-ray diffractometry; A γ-ray diffractometer for systematic measurements of absolute structure factors; Electron density in pyrite by combined γ-ray and neutron diffraction measurements: Thermal parameters from short wavelength neutron data; Accurate determination of temperature parameters from neutron diffraction data: Direct observation of the thermal diffuse scattering from silicon using perfect crystals; A Compton spectrometer for momentum density studies using 412 keV γ-radiation; Investigation of the electronic structure of Niobiumhydrides by means of gamma-ray Compton scattering; Interpretation of Compton profile data in position space; High resolution neutron scattering measurements on single crystals using a horizontally bent monochromator and a multidetecter; Statistical analysis of neutron diffraction studies of proteins. (orig.) [de

Neutron diffraction on pulsed sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aksenov, V.L.; Balagurov, A.M.

2016-01-01

The possibilities currently offered and major scientific problems solved by time-of-flight neutron diffraction are reviewed. The reasons for the rapid development of the method over the last two decades has been mainly the emergence of third generation pulsed sources with a MW time-averaged power and advances in neutron-optical devices and detector systems. The paper discusses some historical aspects of time-of-flight neutron diffraction and examines the contribution to this method by F.L.Shapiro whose 100th birth anniversary was celebrated in 2015. The state of the art with respect to neutron sources for studies on output beams is reviewed in a special section. [ru

Dynamical theory of neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sears, V.F.

1978-01-01

We present a review of the dynamical theory of neutron diffraction by macroscopic bodies which provides the theoretical basis for the study of neutron optics. We consider both the theory of dispersion, in which it is shown that the coherent wave in the medium satisfies a macroscopic one-body Schroedinger equation, and the theory of reflection, refraction, and diffraction in which the above equation is solved for a number of special cases of interest. The theory is illustrated with the help of experimental results obtained over the past 10 years by a number of new techniques such as neutron gravity refractometry. Pendelloesung interference, and neutron interferometry. (author)

Workshop on industrial application of neutron diffraction. Stress measurement by neutron diffraction

CERN Document Server

Minakawa, N; Morii, Y; Oyama, Y

2002-01-01

This workshop was planned to make use of the neutron from the reactor and the pulse neutron source JSNS for the industrial world. Especially, this workshop focused on the stress measurement by the neutron diffraction and it was held on the Tokai JAERI from October 15 to 16, 2001. The participant total was 93 and 40 participated from the industrial world. The introduction of the residual stress development of measurement technique by the neutron diffraction method and a research of the measurement of the residual stress such as the nuclear reactor material, the ordinary structure material, the composite material, the quenching steel, the high strength material were presented and discussed in this workshop. Moreover, it was introduced for the industrial world that an internal stress measurement is important for development of new product or an improvement of a manufacturing process. The question from the industrial world about which can be measured the product form, the size, the measurement precision, the reso...

The peak in neutron powder diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laar, B. van; Yelon, W.B.

1984-01-01

For the application of Rietveld profile analysis to neutron powder diffraction data a precise knowledge of the peak profile, in both shape and position, is required. The method now in use employs a Gaussian shaped profile with a semi-empirical asymmetry correction for low-angle peaks. The integrated intensity is taken to be proportional to the classical Lorentz factor calculated for the X-ray case. In this paper an exact expression is given for the peak profile based upon the geometrical dimensions of the diffractometer. It is shown that the asymmetry of observed peaks is well reproduced by this expression. The angular displacement of the experimental profile with respect to the nominal Bragg angle value is larger than expected. Values for the correction to the classical Lorentz factor for the integrated intensity are given. The exact peak profile expression has been incorporated into a Rietveld profile analysis refinement program. (Auth.)

Proposal of a wide-band mirror polarizer of slow neutrons at a pulsed neutron source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikitenko, Yu.V.; Ostanevich, Yu.M.

1992-01-01

The new type wide-band mirror-based neutron polarizer to be operated at a pulsed neutron source is suggested. The idea is to use a movable polarizing mirror system, which, be the incoming beam monochromatized by the time-of-flight, would allow one to tune glancing angles in time so, that the total reflection condition is always fulfilled only for one of the two neutron spin eigenstates. Estimates show, that with the pulsed reactor IBR-2 such polarizer allows one to build a small-angle neutron scattering instrument capable to effectively use the wave-length band from 2 to 15 A. 9 refs.; 1 fig

Neutron diffraction utilizing the T-O-F method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niimura, N [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Lab. of Nuclear Science

1974-12-01

Characteristic features of the TOF (time of flight) neutron diffraction are summarized. In this method, i) all the reciprocal points on the rod passing through the origin in the reciprocal space can be scanned by each burst of white neutrons, ii) it is easy to measure high index reflections at the large scattering angle, iii) each reflection is not affected by the higher-order harmonics, and iv) it is easy to measure the physical properties depending on the neutron wavelength. The pulse neutron generator as well as the data acquisition system in the Laboratory of Nuclear Science of Tohoku University is described. The TOF method seems to be very powerful if it is applied to accurate structure analysis. The data correction methods are discussed. The TOF method is prospective to the study of transient phenomena. In this method one can apply to the crystalline sample an external field pulsed with the same frequency as the neutrons. By using this method, the transient state of the polarization reversal of the ferroelectric NaNO/sub 2/ has been observed. The magnetically pulsed neutron TOF spectrometer is briefly introduced after a review of the chopper history.

Neutron spin echo scattering angle measurement (SESAME)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pynn, R.; Fitzsimmons, M.R.; Fritzsche, H.; Gierlings, M.; Major, J.; Jason, A.

2005-01-01

We describe experiments in which the neutron spin echo technique is used to measure neutron scattering angles. We have implemented the technique, dubbed spin echo scattering angle measurement (SESAME), using thin films of Permalloy electrodeposited on silicon wafers as sources of the magnetic fields within which neutron spins precess. With 30-μm-thick films we resolve neutron scattering angles to about 0.02 deg. with neutrons of 4.66 A wavelength. This allows us to probe correlation lengths up to 200 nm in an application to small angle neutron scattering. We also demonstrate that SESAME can be used to separate specular and diffuse neutron reflection from surfaces at grazing incidence. In both of these cases, SESAME can make measurements at higher neutron intensity than is available with conventional methods because the angular resolution achieved is independent of the divergence of the neutron beam. Finally, we discuss the conditions under which SESAME might be used to probe in-plane structure in thin films and show that the method has advantages for incident neutron angles close to the critical angle because multiple scattering is automatically accounted for

Neutron diffraction and lattice defects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamaguchi, Yoshikazu

1974-01-01

Study on lattice defects by neutron diffraction technique is described. Wave length of neutron wave is longer than that of X-ray, and absorption cross-section is small. Number of defects observed by ESR is up to several defects, and the number studied with electron microscopes is more than 100. Information obtained by neutron diffraction concerns the number of defects between these two ranges. For practical analysis, several probable models are selected from the data of ESR or electron microscopes, and most probable one is determined by calculation. Then, defect concentration is obtained from scattering cross section. It is possible to measure elastic scattering exclusively by neutron diffraction. Minimum detectable concentration estimated is about 0.5% and 10 20 - 10 21 defects per unit volume. A chopper and a time of flight system are used as a measuring system. Cold neutrons are obtained from the neutron sources inserted into reactors. Examples of measurements by using similar equipments to PTNS-I system of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute are presented. Interstitial concentration in the graphite irradiated by fast neutrons is shown. Defects in irradiated MgO were also investigated by measuring scattering cross section. Study of defects in Ge was made by measuring total cross section, and model analysis was performed in comparison with various models. (Kato, T.)

Small-angle neutron-scattering studies of the magnetic phase diagram of MnSi

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Harris, P.; Lebech, B.; Hae Seop Shim

1995-01-01

The antiferromagnetic order of MnSi has been studied as function of temperature and applied magnetic field using small-angle neutron scattering. The results were analyzed using the three-dimensional resolution function and the scattering cross-section to model the diffraction data. Physical...

Texture analysis using angle dispersive neutron nuclear scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brokmeier, H.G.

1995-01-01

This paper describes in detail the method of texture determination using neutron diffraction. The main advantages of neutron diffraction arise from the high penetration depth for most materials which is a factor of 10 2 -10 4 higher than for X-ray diffraction. Consequently neutron diffraction is an efficient tool for the investigation of global textures and coarse grained materials. Moreover, the measurement of large sample volumes gives excellent grain statistics, allows the influence of texture inhomogeneities to be neglected and allows the measurement of complete pole figures even of minority phases. A number of examples show the application of neutron diffraction to measure textures of metals, alloys, composites, intermetallic compounds and rocks. A detailed description of TEX-2 the neutron texture diffractometer at GKSS Research Centre is given which is completed by a comparison to other neutron texture diffractometers. (orig.) [de

Neutron diffraction studies of thin film multilayer structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majkrzak, C.F.

1985-01-01

The application of neutron diffraction methods to the study of the microscopic chemical and magnetic structures of thin film multilayers is reviewed. Multilayer diffraction phenomena are described in general and in particular for the case in which one of the materials of a bilayer is ferromagnetic and the neutron beam polarized. Recent neutron diffraction measurements performed on some interesting multilayer systems are discussed. 70 refs., 5 figs

Proposal of a wide-band mirror polarizer of slow neutrons at a pulsed neutron source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikitenko, Yu.V.; Ostanevich, Yu.M.

1993-01-01

The new type of wide-band mirror-based neutron polarizer, which is to be operated at a pulsed neutron source, is suggested. The idea is to use a movable polarizing mirror system, which, with the incoming beam monochromatized by the time-of-flight, would allow one to tune glancing angles in time so that the total reflection condition is always fulfilled only for one of the two neutron spin eigenstates. Estimates show that with the pulsed reactor IBR-2 such a polarizer allows one to build a small angle neutron scattering instrument capable of effectively using the wavelength band from 2 A with a rather high luminosity (time-averaged flux at sample position being up to 10 7 n/s/cm -2 ). (orig.)

Neutron, x-ray scattering and TEM studies of Ni-Ti multilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keem, J.E.; Wood, J.; Grupido, N.; Hart, K.; Nutt, S.; Reichel, D.G.; Yelon, W.B.

1988-01-01

The authors present an analysis of Ni-Ti multilayer neutron reflectors and supermirrors undertaken to identify the causes of the lower than expected observed scattering power and critical angle enhancement of Ni-Ti supermirrors. Results of these investigations focus attention on cusp formation in the Ni-Ti bilayers as probable cause for the reduced neutron scattering power. Grazing angle x-ray and neutron scattering, wide angle neutron diffraction and analytical cross sectional TEM have been used. The multilayers were produced by magnetron sputtering and ion-beam deposition on float glass substrates and silicon wafers

Status of the Neutron Imaging and Diffraction Instrument IMAT

Science.gov (United States)

Kockelmann, Winfried; Burca, Genoveva; Kelleher, Joe F.; Kabra, Saurabh; Zhang, Shu-Yan; Rhodes, Nigel J.; Schooneveld, Erik M.; Sykora, Jeff; Pooley, Daniel E.; Nightingale, Jim B.; Aliotta, Francesco; Ponterio, Rosa C.; Salvato, Gabriele; Tresoldi, Dario; Vasi, Cirino; McPhate, Jason B.; Tremsin, Anton S.

A cold neutron imaging and diffraction instrument, IMAT, is currently being constructed at the ISIS second target station. IMAT will capitalize on time-of-flight transmission and diffraction techniques available at a pulsed neutron source. Analytical techniques will include neutron radiography, neutron tomography, energy-selective neutron imaging, and spatially resolved diffraction scans for residual strain and texture determination. Commissioning of the instrument will start in 2015, with time-resolving imaging detectors and two diffraction detector prototype modules. IMAT will be operated as a user facility for material science applications and will be open for developments of time-of-flight imaging methods.

Time-of-flight small-angle scattering spectrometers on pulsed neutron sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ostanevich, Yu.M.

1987-01-01

The operation principles, constructions, advantages and shortcomings of known time-of-flight small angle neutron scattering (TOF SANS) spectrometers built up with pulsed neutron sources are reviewed. The most important characteristics of TOF SANS apparatuses are rather a high luminosity and the possibility for the measurement in an extremely wide range of scattering vector at a single exposure. This is achieved by simultaneous employment of white beam, TOF technique for wave length-scan and the commonly known angle-scan. However, the electronic equipment, data-matching programs, and the measurement procedure, necessary for accurate normalization of experimental data and their transformation into absolute cross-section scale, they all become more complex, as compared with those for SANS apparatuses operating on steady-state neutron sources, where only angle-scan is used

Neutron diffraction technique as a method for material studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belhorma, B.; Labrim, H.; Gandou, Z.

2010-01-01

The Morocco's first Nuclear Research has been constructed in CNESTEN. The reactor divergence has been tested, and the nominal power of 2MW was successfully achieved. The reactor has 4 beam ports two of them are projected for neutron scattering. Such technique allows studying the crystallographic and magnetic structures of materials using the thermal neutrons produced in the reactor. the powder diffractometer has been designed. Component reception and installation procedures are in progress. The second experiment consists on small angle neutron scattering that allows the study of soft matter and polymers in the range of 1-50 nm. The third technique that can complete the two previous is the 4-circle neutron spectrometry which is designed mainly to study structural properties of the mono-crystalline material and texture.This technique is complementary to the X-ray diffraction already available in CNESTEN. Some applications of this technique are: --to determine the crystallographic and magnetic structure of polycrystalline materials.-- to study the texture in metals and alloys.-- to perform holography measurement

Theory of magnetic neutron small-angle scattering using the dynamical theory of diffraction instead of the Born approximation. I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schaerpf, O.

1978-01-01

Two ways are given for solving the problem of the dependence of the refraction on the direction of magnetization on both sides of the refractive boundary, one applying the Halpern magnetic scattering vector, the other applying the dynamical theory of diffraction. They lead to different results. Experimental investigation of refraction by magnetic boundaries shows no dependence of the angle of deflection on the relative angles of magnetization in adjacent domains. This behaviour is only described correctly by the dynamical theory, which far from Laue reflections leads to a treatment by the Schoedinger equation with a spin-dependent potential dependent on the average continuous homogenous magnetic induction, both for the law of refraction and for the precession of the spin. The results of this treatment are discussed as a consequence of the behaviour of the spin of the neutrons. This gives some insight about how and why, with refraction, the intensities of the direct and deflected beams depend on the magnetization directions in adjacent domains. The dynamical theory also shows that the Halpern magnetic scattering vector applies only with Laue or Bragg reflections and not with transmission far from those reflections. (Auth.)

ALADIN - Advanced Laue Diffraction Instruments using Neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemee-Cailleau, M.H.; Ouladdiaf, B.; McIntyre, G.J.

2011-01-01

Laue diffraction techniques have proven to be very attractive to a broad user community interested in obtaining detailed structural information on very small single-crystal samples or needing data collection speeds comparable to those available with the powder diffraction technique. However our experience has clearly demonstrated the negative effect of up-stream monochromatic instruments on the quality of Laue data. In order to obtain Laue diffraction data with a statistical accuracy similar to that achieved on a monochromatic instrument (neutron or X-rays), the project ALADIN (for Advanced Laue Diffraction Instruments using Neutrons) aims to: -) construct a Laue-dedicated thermal neutron guide, with m=2 super-mirror coating, providing access to the desirable wavelength bandwidth; -) installation of one of the ILL Laue diffractometers (VIVALDI or CYCLOPS) on this new guide. (authors)

Angle-resolved diffraction grating biosensor based on porous silicon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lv, Changwu; Li, Peng [School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046 (China); Jia, Zhenhong, E-mail: jzhh@xju.edu.cn; Liu, Yajun; Mo, Jiaqing; Lv, Xiaoyi [College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046 (China)

2016-03-07

In this study, an optical biosensor based on a porous silicon composite structure was fabricated using a simple method. This structure consists of a thin, porous silicon surface diffraction grating and a one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystal. An angle-resolved diffraction efficiency spectrum was obtained by measuring the diffraction efficiency at a range of incident angles. The angle-resolved diffraction efficiency of the 2nd and 3rd orders was studied experimentally and theoretically. The device was sensitive to the change of refractive index in the presence of a biomolecule indicated by the shift of the diffraction efficiency spectrum. The sensitivity of this sensor was investigated through use of an 8 base pair antifreeze protein DNA hybridization. The shifts of the angle-resolved diffraction efficiency spectrum showed a relationship with the change of the refractive index, and the detection limit of the biosensor reached 41.7 nM. This optical device is highly sensitive, inexpensive, and simple to fabricate. Using shifts in diffraction efficiency spectrum to detect biological molecules has not yet been explored, so this study establishes a foundation for future work.

DMSO-induced dehydration of DPPC membranes studied by x-ray diffraction, small angle neutron scattering and calorimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiselev, M.A.; Kiselev, A.M.; Lesieur, P.; Grabielle-Madelmond, C.; Ollivon, M.

1998-01-01

The properties of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a cryoprotector well known for its biological and therapeutic applications, were investigated on lipid membranes by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The DSC study of water freezing and melting of ice was performed in the ternary system which consists of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/DMSO/water system. The influence of DMSO on the DPPC membrane structure was established in the excess of solvent in the region of DMSO mole fraction from 0.0 to 1.0. The methods applied demonstrated the differences in the membrane structure in three sub-regions of DMSO mole fraction (X DMSO ) from 0.0 to 0.3 for the first, from 0.3 to 0.9 for the second, and from 0.9 to 1.0 for the third sub-region. The results for 0.0 ≤ X DMSO ≤ 0.3 can be explained in the framework of DMSO-induced dehydration of intermembrane space

The internal stress measurement the neutron diffraction bring happiness to your country

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minakawa, Nobuaki [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment

2003-03-01

The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. The first reactor was constructed by the USA in 1942. After that, the research and development of reactors advanced. Numbers of reactors were constructed in Europe and in the US. The researches, which use the neutron, were performed actively and excellent results were obtained in wide fields. The penetrating power of the neutron and the neutron diffraction method began to attract attention for the application to the internal stress measurement, too. In Japan, the neutron diffractometer for the residual stress measurement exclusive was installed in the JRR-3M research reactor of JAERI in 1992, and the research was started. At present, we are using it for the stress measurements of the parts of aircrafts, railways, automobiles, buildings, machines, home electronics products and so on including nuclear reactors. Reliable science must be introduced in order to support safety and long life operation and to supply them at reasonable cost. Among the various scientific probes to find faults in materials, diffraction technique is used to measure the strain distribution in materials by observing the local changes of the distance between crystallographic planes and the stress distribution is computed to improve manufacturing processes. It is only neutron diffraction that can be used to measure the strain inside the materials. Here, I present an overview of the utilization of neutron scattering research for the industrial uses and the history of the neutron scattering research in JAERI briefly. (J.P.N.)

Effects of pressure and temperature on pore structure of ceramic synthesized from rice husk: A small angle neutron scattering investigation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raut Dessai, R., E-mail: reshooin@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403 206 (India); Desa, J.A.E. [Department of Physics, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403 206 (India); Sen, D.; Mazumder, S. [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085 (India)

2013-07-05

Highlights: ► A porous ceramic has been prepared from silica obtained from rice husk. ► The ceramic has a hierarchical pore structure from micrometric to nano-metric. ► Small Angle Neutron Scattering data indicate nano-pore connectivity to micro-pores. ► Pore morphology can be tuned by compaction pressure and sintering temperature. -- Abstract: Ceramic powder has been synthesized from rice husk as the source of silica. In order to probe the evolution of its hierarchical mesoscopic and microscopic porous structure, the ceramic powder was compacted at different pressures and was sintered at different temperatures. A glassy ceramic to crystalline transition under thermal treatment (up to 1000 °C) was revealed by X-ray diffraction. Existence of pores in two widely separated length scales was indicated by small angle neutron scattering with the smaller ones having mass fractal arrangement. Although no significant change in small pore structure under thermal effect was indicated, a significant modification of the same has been revealed by small angle neutron scattering at different compaction pressures. Connectivity between the pores was ascertained from scattering experiments on the ceramic compact impregnated with heavy water. Scanning electron microscopy shows the microstructure to undergo appreciable coalescence of micrometric ceramic particles for sintering temperature and pressure changes.

Automation of angular movement of the arm neutron diffractometer; Automatizacion del movimiento angular del brazo del difractometro de neutrones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguilar H, F.; Herrera A, E.; Quintana C, G. [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Torres R, C. E.; Reyes V, M., E-mail: fortunato.aguilar@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca, Av. Tecnologico s/n, Ex-Rancho La Virgen, Metepec, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2015-09-15

A technique to determine the crystal structure of some materials is the neutron diffraction. This technique consists on placing the material in question in a monoenergetic neutron beam obtained by neutron diffraction in a monochromator crystal. The neutron energy depends of the diffraction angle. The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares has a neutron diffractometer and monochromator crystals of pyrolytic graphite. This crystal can be selecting the neutron energy depending on the angle of diffraction in the glass. The radiation source for the neutron diffractometer is the TRIGA Mark III reactor of the Nuclear Center Dr. Nabor Carrillo Flores. During their operation are also obtained besides neutrons, β and γ radiation. The interest is to have thermal neutrons, so fast neutrons and γ rays are removed using appropriate shielding. The average neutron fluxes of the radial port RE2 of neutron diffractometer at power 1 MW are: heat flow 2,466 x 10{sup 8} n cm{sup -2} sec{sup -1} and fast flow 1,239 x 10{sup 8} n cm{sup -2} sec{sup -1}. The neutron detector is housed in a shield mounted on a mechanical linkage with which the diffraction angle is selected, and therefore the energy of the neutrons. The movement of this joint was performed by the equipment operator manually, so that accuracy to select the diffraction angle was not good and the process rather slow. Therefore a mechanical system was designed, automated by means of a motor as an actuator, a system of force transmission and an electronic control in order that the operator will schedule the diffraction angles and allow the count in the neutrons detection system in a simple manner. (Author)

High resolution Neutron and Synchrotron Powder Diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hewat, A.W.

1986-01-01

The use of high-resolution powder diffraction has grown rapidly in the past years, with the development of Rietveld (1967) methods of data analysis and new high-resolution diffractometers and multidetectors. The number of publications in this area has increased from a handful per year until 1973 to 150 per year in 1984, with a ten-year total of over 1000. These papers cover a wide area of solid state-chemistry, physics and materials science, and have been grouped under 20 subject headings, ranging from catalysts to zeolites, and from battery electrode materials to pre-stressed superconducting wires. In 1985 two new high-resolution diffractometers are being commissioned, one at the SNS laboratory near Oxford, and one at the ILL in Grenoble. In different ways these machines represent perhaps the ultimate that can be achieved with neutrons and will permit refinement of complex structures with about 250 parameters and unit cell volumes of about 2500 Angstrom/sp3/. The new European Synchotron Facility will complement the Grenoble neutron diffractometers, and extend the role of high-resolution powder diffraction to the direct solution of crystal structures, pioneered in Sweden

Modern techniques of structural neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aksenov, V.L.; )

1997-01-01

Modern techniques of neutron diffraction for structural investigations are analyzed. The time-of-flight method and the reverse time-of-flight method are considered briefly. Characteristics of two-crystal and time-of-flight neutron diffractometers are compared. It is pointed that in the future, the great importance will be possessed the development of high-resolution Fourier neutron diffractometers [ru

HIFI - a dedicated HIgh-FIeld diffraction and spectroscopy instrument

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steffens, P.; Enderle, M.; Boehm, M.; Roux, S.

2011-01-01

The outstanding scientific impact of single-crystal neutron diffraction and spectroscopy in steady state vertical magnetic fields up to 15 T (17 T without dilution fringe) is reflected in numerous high-profile publications. Magnetic fields 30 T - 35 T in vertical geometry allow to address enigmatic questions without equivalence at lower fields. The constraints implied by such magnetic fields demand a specially designed dedicated instrument. Since the vertical field geometry is crucial for single-crystal diffraction as well as spectroscopy, the solid angle of scattered neutrons is restricted, and a high-flux reactor is best suited to host a corresponding instrument. We propose a world-wide unique versatile instrument for diffraction and spectroscopy in vertical steady fields of 30 T. (authors)

Single-crystal neutron diffraction study of ammonium nitrate phase III

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, C.S.; Prask, H.J.

1982-01-01

The crystal structure of ammonium nitrate phase III has been studied at room temperature by neutron diffraction using a single crystal containing 5% KNO 3 in solid-solution form. The space group is Pnma, with a = 7.6772 (4), b = 5.8208 (4), c = 7.1396 (5) A, Z = 4. The final residual after full-matrix least-squares refinement was R = 0.042 for 348 observed reflections. The ammonium ions are thermally disordered into two orientations, displaced by an angle of approximately 42 0 about an axis parallel to the c axis. (Auth.)

Structural refinement and extraction of hydrogen atomic positions in polyoxymethylene crystal based on the first successful measurements of 2-dimensional high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and wide-angle neutron diffraction patterns of hydrogenated and deuterated species

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tashiro, Kohji; Hanesaka, Makoto; Ohhara, Takashi; Kurihara, Kazuo; Tamada, Taro; Kuroki, Ryota; Fujiwara, Satoru; Ozeki, Tomoji; Kitano, Toshiaki; Nishu, Takashi; Tanaka, Ichiro; Niimura, Nobuo

2007-01-01

2-Dimensional X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns have been successfully measured for deuterated and hydrogenated polyoxymethylene (POM) samples obtained by γ-ray induced solid-state polymerization reaction. More than 700 reflections were collected from the X-ray diffraction data at -150degC by utilizing a high-energy synchrotron X-ray beam at SPring-8, Japan, from which the crystal structure of POM has been refined thoroughly including the extraction of hydrogen atomic positions at clearly seen in the difference Fourier synthesis map. As the first trial the nonuniform (9/5) helical model was analyzed with the reliability factor (R factor) 6.9%. The structural analysis was made also using the X-ray reflections of about 400 observed at room temperature (R 8.8%), and the thermal parameters of constituent atoms were compared between the low and high temperatures to discuss the librational thermal motion of the chains. The 2-dimensional neutron diffraction data, collected for the deuterated and hydrogenated POM samples using an imaging plate system specifically built-up for neutron scattering experiment, have allowed us to pick up the D and H atomic positions clearly in the Fourier synthesis maps. Another possible model, (29/16) helix, which was proposed by several researches, has been also investigated on the basis of the X-ray diffraction data at -150degC. The direct method succeeded in extracting this (29/16) model straightforwardly. The R factor was 8.6%, essentially the same as that of (9/5) helical model. This means that the comparison of the diffraction intensity between the data collected from the full-rotation X-ray diffraction pattern and the intensity calculated for both the (9/5) and (29/16) models cannot be used for the unique determination of the superiority of the model, (9/5) or (29/16) helix. However, we have found the existence of 001 and 002 reflections which give the longer repeating period 55.7 A. Besides there observed a series of meridional

Experimental technique of stress analyses by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, Guangai; Chen, Bo; Huang, Chaoqiang

2009-09-01

The structures and main components of neutron diffraction stress analyses spectrometer, SALSA, as well as functions and parameters of each components are presented. The technical characteristic and structure parameters of SALSA are described. Based on these aspects, the choice of gauge volume, method of positioning sample, determination of diffraction plane and measurement of zero stress do are discussed. Combined with the practical experiments, the basic experimental measurement and the related settings are introduced, including the adjustments of components, pattern scattering, data recording and checking etc. The above can be an instruction for stress analyses experiments by neutron diffraction and neutron stress spectrometer construction. (authors)

In situ high-pressure measurement of crystal solubility by using neutron diffraction

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Ji; Hu, Qiwei; Fang, Leiming; He, Duanwei; Chen, Xiping; Xie, Lei; Chen, Bo; Li, Xin; Ni, Xiaolin; Fan, Cong; Liang, Akun

2018-05-01

Crystal solubility is one of the most important thermo-physical properties and plays a key role in industrial applications, fundamental science, and geoscientific research. However, high-pressure in situ measurements of crystal solubility remain very challenging. Here, we present a method involving high-pressure neutron diffraction for making high-precision in situ measurements of crystal solubility as a function of pressure over a wide range of pressures. For these experiments, we designed a piston-cylinder cell with a large chamber volume for high-pressure neutron diffraction. The solution pressures are continuously monitored in situ based on the equation of state of the sample crystal. The solubility at a high pressure can be obtained by applying a Rietveld quantitative multiphase analysis. To evaluate the proposed method, we measured the high-pressure solubility of NaCl in water up to 610 MPa. At a low pressure, the results are consistent with the previous results measured ex situ. At a higher pressure, more reliable data could be provided by using an in situ high-pressure neutron diffraction method.

Combined X-ray and neutron fibre diffraction studies of biological and synthetic polymers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parrot, I.M.; Urban, V.; Gardner, K.H.; Forsyth, V.T.

2005-01-01

The fibrous state is a natural one for polymer molecules which tend to assume regular helical conformations rather than the globular structures characteristic of many proteins. Fibre diffraction therefore has broad application to the study of a wide range of biological and synthetic polymers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the general scope of the method and in particular to demonstrate the impact of a combined approach involving both X-ray and neutron diffraction methods. While the flux of modern X-ray synchrotron radiation sources allows high quality datasets to be recorded with good resolution within a very short space of time, neutron studies can provide unique information through the ability to locate hydrogen or deuterium atoms that are often difficult or impossible to locate using X-ray methods. Furthermore, neutron fibre diffraction methods can, through the ability to selectively label specific parts of a structure, be used to highlight novel aspects of polymer structure that can not be studied using X-rays. Two examples are given. The first describes X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of conformational transitions in DNA. The second describes structural studies of the synthetic high-performance polymer poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), known commercially as Kevlar[reg] or Twaron[reg

Combined X-ray and neutron fibre diffraction studies of biological and synthetic polymers.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parrot, I. M. [Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL); Urban, Volker S [ORNL; Gardner, K. H. [DuPont Experimental Station; Forsyth, V. T. [Institut Laue Langevin and Keele University

2005-04-01

The fibrous state is a natural one for polymer molecules which tend to assume regular helical conformations rather than the globular structures characteristic of many proteins. Fibre diffraction therefore has broad application to the study of a wide range of biological and synthetic polymers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the general scope of the method and in particular to demonstrate the impact of a combined approach involving both X-ray and neutron diffraction methods. While the flux of modern X-ray synchrotron radiation sources allows high quality datasets to be recorded with good resolution within a very short space of time, neutron studies can provide unique information through the ability to locate hydrogen or deuterium atoms that are often difficult or impossible to locate using X-ray methods. Furthermore, neutron fibre diffraction methods can, through the ability to selectively label specific parts of a structure, be used to highlight novel aspects of polymer structure that can not be studied using X-rays. Two examples are given. The first describes X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of conformational transitions in DNA. The second describes structural studies of the synthetic high-performance polymer poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), known commercially as Kevlar{reg_sign} or Twaron{reg_sign}.

Combined X-ray and neutron fibre diffraction studies of biological and synthetic polymers

Science.gov (United States)

Parrot, I. M.; Urban, V.; Gardner, K. H.; Forsyth, V. T.

2005-08-01

The fibrous state is a natural one for polymer molecules which tend to assume regular helical conformations rather than the globular structures characteristic of many proteins. Fibre diffraction therefore has broad application to the study of a wide range of biological and synthetic polymers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the general scope of the method and in particular to demonstrate the impact of a combined approach involving both X-ray and neutron diffraction methods. While the flux of modern X-ray synchrotron radiation sources allows high quality datasets to be recorded with good resolution within a very short space of time, neutron studies can provide unique information through the ability to locate hydrogen or deuterium atoms that are often difficult or impossible to locate using X-ray methods. Furthermore, neutron fibre diffraction methods can, through the ability to selectively label specific parts of a structure, be used to highlight novel aspects of polymer structure that can not be studied using X-rays. Two examples are given. The first describes X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of conformational transitions in DNA. The second describes structural studies of the synthetic high-performance polymer poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), known commercially as Kevlar® or Twaron®.

Combined X-ray and neutron fibre diffraction studies of biological and synthetic polymers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parrot, I.M. [Institut Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Staffordshire ST4 7QB (United Kingdom); Urban, V. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6100 (United States); Gardner, K.H. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19719 (United States); Forsyth, V.T. [Institut Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France) and Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Staffordshire ST4 7QB (United Kingdom)]. E-mail: tforsyth@ill.fr

2005-08-15

The fibrous state is a natural one for polymer molecules which tend to assume regular helical conformations rather than the globular structures characteristic of many proteins. Fibre diffraction therefore has broad application to the study of a wide range of biological and synthetic polymers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the general scope of the method and in particular to demonstrate the impact of a combined approach involving both X-ray and neutron diffraction methods. While the flux of modern X-ray synchrotron radiation sources allows high quality datasets to be recorded with good resolution within a very short space of time, neutron studies can provide unique information through the ability to locate hydrogen or deuterium atoms that are often difficult or impossible to locate using X-ray methods. Furthermore, neutron fibre diffraction methods can, through the ability to selectively label specific parts of a structure, be used to highlight novel aspects of polymer structure that can not be studied using X-rays. Two examples are given. The first describes X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of conformational transitions in DNA. The second describes structural studies of the synthetic high-performance polymer poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), known commercially as Kevlar[reg] or Twaron[reg].

Automation of angular movement of the arm neutron diffractometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aguilar H, F.; Herrera A, E.; Quintana C, G.; Torres R, C. E.; Reyes V, M.

2015-09-01

A technique to determine the crystal structure of some materials is the neutron diffraction. This technique consists on placing the material in question in a monoenergetic neutron beam obtained by neutron diffraction in a monochromator crystal. The neutron energy depends of the diffraction angle. The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares has a neutron diffractometer and monochromator crystals of pyrolytic graphite. This crystal can be selecting the neutron energy depending on the angle of diffraction in the glass. The radiation source for the neutron diffractometer is the TRIGA Mark III reactor of the Nuclear Center Dr. Nabor Carrillo Flores. During their operation are also obtained besides neutrons, β and γ radiation. The interest is to have thermal neutrons, so fast neutrons and γ rays are removed using appropriate shielding. The average neutron fluxes of the radial port RE2 of neutron diffractometer at power 1 MW are: heat flow 2,466 x 10 8 n cm -2 sec -1 and fast flow 1,239 x 10 8 n cm -2 sec -1 . The neutron detector is housed in a shield mounted on a mechanical linkage with which the diffraction angle is selected, and therefore the energy of the neutrons. The movement of this joint was performed by the equipment operator manually, so that accuracy to select the diffraction angle was not good and the process rather slow. Therefore a mechanical system was designed, automated by means of a motor as an actuator, a system of force transmission and an electronic control in order that the operator will schedule the diffraction angles and allow the count in the neutrons detection system in a simple manner. (Author)

The internal stress measurement the neutron diffraction will bring happiness to your country

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minakawa, Nobuaki

2003-01-01

The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. The first reactor was constructed by the USA in 1942. After that, the research and development of reactors advanced. Numbers of reactors were constructed in Europe and in the US. The researches, which use the neutron, were performed actively and excellent results were obtained in wide fields. The penetrating power of the neutron and the neutron diffraction method began to attract attention for the application to the internal stress measurement, too. In Japan, the neutron diffractometer for the residual stress measurement exclusive was installed in the JRR-3M research reactor of JAERI in 1992, and the research was started. At present, we are using it for the stress measurements of the parts of air crafts, railways, automobiles, buildings, machines, home electronics products and so on including nuclear reactors. Reliable science must be introduced in order to support safety and long life operation and to supply them at reasonable cost. Among the various scientific probes to find faults in materials, diffraction technique is used to measure the strain distribution in materials by observing the local changes of the distance between crystallographic planes and the stress distribution is computed to improve manufacturing processes. It is only neutron diffraction that can be used to measure the strain inside the materials. Here, I present an overview of the utilization of neutron scattering research for the industrial uses and the history of the neutron scattering research in JAERI briefly. (J.P.N.)

DMSO-induced dehydration of DPPC membranes studied by x-ray diffraction, small angle neutron scattering and calorimetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kiselev, M A; Kiselev, A M [Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); Lesieur, P [LURE, Universite Paris-Sud, Bat. 209-D, F91405 Orsay cedex, (France); Grabielle-Madelmond, C; Ollivon, M [Physico-Chimie des systemes polyphases, URA 1218 du CNRS, Faculte de Pharmacie, tour B, F-92296, Chatenay Malabry (France)

1998-12-01

The properties of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a cryoprotector well known for its biological and therapeutic applications, were investigated on lipid membranes by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The DSC study of water freezing and melting of ice was performed in the ternary system which consists of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/DMSO/water system. The influence of DMSO on the DPPC membrane structure was established in the excess of solvent in the region of DMSO mole fraction from 0.0 to 1.0. The methods applied demonstrated the differences in the membrane structure in three sub-regions of DMSO mole fraction (X{sub DMSO}) from 0.0 to 0.3 for the first, from 0.3 to 0.9 for the second, and from 0.9 to 1.0 for the third sub-region. The results for 0.0 {<=} X{sub DMSO} {<=} 0.3 can be explained in the framework of DMSO-induced dehydration of intermembrane space 11 refs., 7 figs. Submitted to the Conference `ISSRNS`98`, 15-20 Jun 1998, Ustron-Jaszowiec, Poland

High temperature neutron diffraction study of LaPO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mishra, S.K.; Mittal, R.; Ningthoujam, R.S.; Vatsa, R.K.; Hansen, T.

2016-01-01

We report high temperature powder neutron diffractions study in LaPO 4 using high-flux D20 neutron diffractometer in the Institut Laue-Langevin, France. The measurements were carried out in high resolution mode (incident neutron wavelength 1.36 A) at various temperature upto 900°C. CarefuI inspection of temperature dependence of diffraction data showed appearance and disappearance of certain Bragg's reflections above 1273 K. It is a signature of structural phase transition. Rietveld refinement of the powder diffraction data revealed that diffraction patterns at and above 800°C could be indexed using the monoclinic structure with P21/n space group. Detail analysis for identify the water molecules is under investigation. (author)

Neutrons for materials science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Windsor, C.G.; Allen, A.J.; Hutchings, M.T.; Sayers, C.M.; Sinclair, R.N.; Schofield, P.; Wright, C.J.

1985-01-01

The discussion will be limited to applied materials research performed on a customer/contractor basis. The information obtained using neutrons must therefore compete both scientifically and financially with information obtained using other techniques, particular electron microscopy, X-ray, NMR, infra-red and Raman spectroscopy. It will be argued that the unique nature of the information gained from neutrons often outweighs the undoubted difficulties of access to neutron beams. Small-angle scattering has emerged as the neutron technique of widest application in applied materials research. The penetration of neutron beams through containment vessels, as well as through the sample, allows the measurement of in situ time-dependent experiments within a furnace, cryostat, pressure vessel or chemical reactor vessel. Examples will be given of small-angle scattering projects from the nuclear metallurgy, coal, oil, cement, detergent and plastics industries. High-resolution powder diffraction is another technique with wide applications. Structural studies are possible on increasingly complex phases. The structure and volume fraction of minority phase can be measured at levels appreciably below that possible by X-ray diffraction. A rapidly growing field at present is the measurement of internal strains through the small shifts in lattice spacing. Neutron diffraction is unique in being able to measure the full strain tensor from a specified volume within a bulk specimen. Inelastic scattering measurements exploit the unique property of neutrons to measure the orientations of vibrating molecules. Examples will be chosen from the field of catalysis where inelastic spectroscopy has revealed the nature of the bonding of hydrocarbon molecules. (author)

High pressure sample container for thermal neutron spectroscopy and diffraction on strongly scattering fluids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verkerk, P.; Pruisken, A.M.M.

1979-01-01

A description is presented of the construction and performance of a container for thermal neutron scattering on a fluid sample with about 1.5 cm -1 macroscopic cross section (neglecting absorption). The maximum pressure is about 900 bar. The container is made of 5052 aluminium capillary with inner diameter 0.75 mm and wall thickness 0.25 mm; it covers a neutron beam with a cross section of 9 X 2.5 cm 2 . The container has been successfully used in neutron diffraction and time-of-flight experiments on argon-36 at 120 K and several pressures up to 850 bar. It is shown that during these measurements the temperature gradient over the sample as well as the error in the absolute temperature were both less than 0.05 K. Subtraction of the Bragg peaks due to container scattering in diffraction experiments may be dfficult, but seems feasible because of the small amount of aluminium in the neutron beam. Correction for container scattering and multiple scattering in time-of-flight experiments may be difficult only in the case of coherently scattering samples and small scattering angles. (Auth.)

Thermal diffuse scattering in angular-dispersive neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Popa, N.C.; Willis, B.T.M.

1998-01-01

The theoretical treatment of one-phonon thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) in single-crystal neutron diffraction at fixed incident wavelength is reanalysed in the light of the analysis given by Popa and Willis [Acta Cryst. (1994), (1997)] for the time-of-flight method. Isotropic propagation of sound with different velocities for the longitudinal and transverse modes is assumed. As in time-of-flight diffraction, there exists, for certain scanning variables, a forbidden range in the one-phonon TDS of slower-than-sound neutrons, and this permits the determination of the sound velocity in the crystal. A fast algorithm is given for the TDS correction of neutron diffraction data collected at a fixed wavelength: this algorithm is similar to that reported earlier for the time-of-flight case. (orig.)

Applications of TOF neutron diffraction in archaeometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kockelmann, W. [Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility, Chilton (United Kingdom); Siano, S.; Bartoli, L. [Istituto di Fisica Applicata - CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Visser, D. [Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility, Chilton (United Kingdom); Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Den Haag (Netherlands); Hallebeek, P. [Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN), Amsterdam (Netherlands); Traum, R. [Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Muenzkabinett, Vienna (Austria); Linke, R.; Schreiner, M. [Akademie der Bildenden Kuenste, Institut fuer Wissenschaften und Technologien in der Kunst, Vienna (Austria); Kirfel, A. [Universitaet Bonn, Mineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut, Bonn (Germany)

2006-05-15

Neutron radiation meets the demand for a versatile diagnostic probe for collecting information from the interior of large, undisturbed museum objects or archaeological findings. Neutrons penetrate through coatings and corrosion layers deep into centimetre-thick materials, a property that makes them ideal for non-destructive examination of objects for which sampling is impractical or unacceptable. A particular attraction of neutron techniques for archaeologists and conservation scientists is the prospect of locating hidden materials and structures inside objects. Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction allows for the examination of mineral and metal phase contents, crystal structures, grain orientations, and microstructures as well as micro- and macro strains. A promising application is texture analysis which may provide clues to the deformation history of the material, and hence to specific working processes. Here we report on instructive examples of TOF neutron diffraction, including phase analyses of medieval Dutch tin-lead spoons, texture analyses of bronze specimens as well as of 16th-century silver coins. (orig.)

Structural studies of liquid alcohols by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Montague, D.G.; Cummings, S.

1984-01-01

Neutron diffraction measurements have been made on methyl alcohol at room temperature for an incident wavelength of 0.94 A. Cross sections have been obtained for CD 3 OD, CD 3 OH, and mixtures of these compounds. These data are subtracted to obtain the separated structure factors for intermolecular H 0 H 0 , the hydroxyl components, and the non-hydroxyl components. The Fourier transformations of the structure factors show components of both intra- and intermolecular distribution functions. Width parameters obtained from model fits are too large for thermal vibrations and are interpreted as geometrical broadening due to the stretching of bonds, variations in bond angles, and rotation of the methyl group. Differences in the real space distribution function between hydrogen and deuterium are noted. (author)

Dynamical neutron diffraction by curved crystals in the Laue geometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Albertini, G.; Melone, S.; Lagomarsino, S.; Mazkedian, S.; Puliti, P.; Rustichelli, F.

1977-01-01

The Taupin dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction by deformed crystals which was previously extended to the neutron diffraction by curved crystals in the Bragg geometry, is applied to calculate neutron diffraction patterns in the Laue geometry. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data on curved silicon crystals. The agreement is quite satisfactory. In the second part a simple model recently presented to describe neutron diffraction properties in the Bragg case is extended to the Laue case. The predictions of such a model are in satisfactory agreement with the rigorous theory and the experimental results. (author)

Neutron diffraction studies of high-T/sub c/ superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jorgensen, J.D.

1988-03-01

Neutron powder diffraction techniques have been used extensively for the study of high-T/sub c/ oxide superconductors because of the need to locate oxygen atoms and accurately determine the oxygen site occupancies, and the difficulty in obtaining single crystals. For example, in the case of YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-δ/, neutron powder diffraction and Rietveld structural refinement were used to obtain the first complete structural information. Subsequent experiments focussed on determining the relationship of superconducting properties to the number and distribution of oxygen vacancies on the Cu-O sublattice with measurements being done on samples in thermodynamic equilibrium, at high temperature in controlled oxygen atmospheres, and on metastable, oxygen-deficient samples produced by quenching. Neutron powder diffraction has also been used to determine the structures of compounds in which the properties have been modified by substitution on the Y, Ba, or Cu sites. This paper briefly reviews some of the neutron powder diffraction results in these areas. 17 refs

Small-angle neutron scattering study of high-pressure sintered detonation nanodiamonds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kidalov, S. V.; Shakhov, F. M., E-mail: fedor.shakhov@mail.ioffe.ru [Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation); Lebedev, V. T.; Orlova, D. N.; Grushko, Yu. S. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Konstantinov St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (Russian Federation)

2011-12-15

The structure of detonation diamonds sintered at a high pressure (7 GPa) and temperatures of 1200-1700 Degree-Sign C has been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. It is shown that sintering leads to an increase in the particle size from 6 to 30 nm and established that this increase is due to the chainlike oriented attachment of particles. This study supplements the oriented-attachment model, which was suggested based on the X-ray diffraction spectra of detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) sintered under the same conditions.

Neutron diffraction from holographic gratings in PMMA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Havermeyer, F.; Kraetzig, E.; Rupp, R.A.; Schubert, D.W.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. By definition photorefractive materials change the refractive index for light under the action of light. Using the spatially modulated light intensity pattern from the interference of two plane waves, volume phase gratings with accurately defined spacings can be produced. Depending on the material there are many physical origins for these gratings, but in most cases they are linked to a density modulation and, consequently, to a refractive index grating for neutrons. By diffraction of light or neutrons from such gratings even small refractive index changes down to Δn ∼ 10 -7 - 10 -9 can be measured. In our photopolymer system PMMA/MMA (poly(methyl methacrylate) with a content of 10-20% of the residual monomer methyl methacrylate) inhomogeneous illumination leads to local post-polymerisation processes of the residual monomer. The resulting light-optical refractive index grating is caused by the modulation of the monomer/polymer ratio as well as by the modulation of the total density. Only by the unique combination of methods for light and neutron diffraction, available at HOLONS (Holography and Neutron Scattering, instrument at the GKSS research centre), both contributions can be separated. We discuss the angular dependence of the neutron diffraction efficiency for weakly and strongly (efficiencies up to 60% have been achieved) modulated gratings and propose a simple model for the evaluation of the gratings. (author)

Kinetic neutron diffraction and SANS studies of phase formation in bioactive machinable glass ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bentley, P M; Kilcoyne, S H; Bubb, N L; Ritter, C; Dewhurst, C D; Wood, D J

2007-01-01

Bioactive fluormica-fluorapatite glass-ceramic materials offer a very encouraging solution to the problem of efficient restoration and reconstruction of hard tissues. To produce material with the desired crystalline phases, a five-stage heat treatment must be performed. This thermal processing has a large impact on the microstructure and ultimately the final mechanical properties of the materials. We have examined the thermal processing of one of our most promising machinable biomaterials, using time-resolved small angle neutron scattering and neutron diffraction to study the nucleation and growth of crystallites. The processing route had already been optimized by studying the properties of quenched samples using x-ray diffraction, mechanical measurements and differential thermal analysis. However these results show that the heat treatment can be further optimized in terms of crystal nucleation, and we show that these techniques are the only methods by which a truly optimized thermal processing route may be obtained

A new approach of quantum mechanics for neutron single-slit diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Xiangyao; Yang Jinghai; Liu Xiaojing; Wang Li; Liu Bing; Fan Xihui; Guo Yiqing

2007-01-01

Phenomena of electron, neutron, atomic and molecular diffraction have been studied in many experiments, and these experiments are explained by many theoretical works. We study neutron single-slit diffraction with a quantum mechanical approach. It is found that the obvious diffraction patterns can be obtained when the single slit width a is in the range of 3λ-60λ. We also find a new quantum effect of the thickness of single-slit which can make a large impact on the diffraction pattern. The new quantum effect predicted in our work can be tested by the neutron single-slit diffraction experiment. (authors)

Neutron Powder Diffraction in Sweden

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tellgren, R.

1986-01-01

Neutron powder diffraction in Sweden has developed around the research reactor R2 in Studsvik. The article describes this facility and presents a historical review of research results obtained. It also gives some ideas of plans for future development

Applications of the fresnel diffraction of neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klein, A.G.; Opat, G.I.

1978-01-01

The place of Fresnel diffraction in the overall scheme of neutron interference experiments is outlined and possible applications are discussed in the areas of: magnetic domain visualisation; measurement of nuclear scattering lengths with very small specimens; focussing of long wavelength neutron beams using zone plates

Applications of the Fresnel diffraction of neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klein, A.G.; Opat, G.I.

1978-01-01

The place of Fresnel diffraction in the overall scheme of neutron interference experiments is outlined and possible applications are discussed in the areas of: magnetic domain visualisation; measurement of nuclear scattering lengths with very small specimens; focussing of long wavelength neutron beams using zone plates

Neutron Diffraction and Inorganic Materials Discovery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosseinsky, M.J.

2005-01-01

Full text: The discovery of complex inorganic materials is an important academic and technological challenge because of the opportunities these systems offer for observation of new phenomena, and the questions they pose for fundamental understanding. This presentation will illustrate the key role of neutron powder diffraction in enabling the discovery of new classes of materials, and in evaluating their properties and the conditions under which they need to be processed to optimise their behaviour in devices for applications. New chemistry is illustrated by the transition metal oxide hydrides, where both structure and ionic mobility required neutron scattering characterisation. The relationship between chemistry, structure and properties will be addressed by considering the difficulties in inducing superconductivity in analogues of magnesium diboride. The role of both neutron and X-ray diffraction in evaluating the processing of microwave dielectric ceramics will be highlighted, with the discovery of new phases shown to be a useful bonus in this type of in-situ study. (author)

Maximizing Macromolecule Crystal Size for Neutron Diffraction Experiments

Science.gov (United States)

Judge, R. A.; Kephart, R.; Leardi, R.; Myles, D. A.; Snell, E. H.; vanderWoerd, M.; Curreri, Peter A. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A challenge in neutron diffraction experiments is growing large (greater than 1 cu mm) macromolecule crystals. In taking up this challenge we have used statistical experiment design techniques to quickly identify crystallization conditions under which the largest crystals grow. These techniques provide the maximum information for minimal experimental effort, allowing optimal screening of crystallization variables in a simple experimental matrix, using the minimum amount of sample. Analysis of the results quickly tells the investigator what conditions are the most important for the crystallization. These can then be used to maximize the crystallization results in terms of reducing crystal numbers and providing large crystals of suitable habit. We have used these techniques to grow large crystals of Glucose isomerase. Glucose isomerase is an industrial enzyme used extensively in the food industry for the conversion of glucose to fructose. The aim of this study is the elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism at the molecular level. The accurate determination of hydrogen positions, which is critical for this, is a requirement that neutron diffraction is uniquely suited for. Preliminary neutron diffraction experiments with these crystals conducted at the Institute Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France) reveal diffraction to beyond 2.5 angstrom. Macromolecular crystal growth is a process involving many parameters, and statistical experimental design is naturally suited to this field. These techniques are sample independent and provide an experimental strategy to maximize crystal volume and habit for neutron diffraction studies.

Zeolite function studied by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Newsam, J.M.

1988-01-01

Some recent figures relating to industrial uses of zeolites are summarized. Recent advances in the application of neutron diffraction to zeolite science are overviewed, with particular emphasis on powder diffraction (PND) results. Single crystal neutron diffraction studies of some 17 hydrated natural and synthetic zeolites have now appeared and they provide a consistent picture of zeolite-water interactions. Complete PND studies of hydrated synthetic ABW- and SOD-framework zeolites have also been reported. Other PND studies have explored the structural consequences of non-framework cation exchange, of framework modification by dealumination, and of framework cation substitution. Relatively simple zeolite-hydrocarbon sorbate complexes that have been studied include benzene in zeolite Y, and benzene and pyridine in zeolite L. Areas that are well poised for further development include further extensions to lower symmetry systems, the use of PND data for zeolite structure solution, studies at elevated temperatures and pressures, and further studies of zeolite sorbate complexes. (author) 68 refs., 7 figs

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering investigations of ferrofluids with different carrier liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balasoiu, M.; Avdeev, M. V.; Hasegan, D.; Ghenescu, V.; Ghenescu, M.; Bica, D.; Vekas, L.

2004-01-01

The aim of this paper is to present a method to investigate the properties of magnetic fluids by means of small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Ferrofluids are dispersions of small, single-domain magnetic particles suspended in a fluid carrier. The neutron scattering methods have been largely used the last two decades for the determination of structural properties of magnetic liquids at microscopic level. There can be investigated the structure of the particle, the aggregation phenomena, the magnetic liquid dynamics, particle-surfactant interaction, surfactant liquid-base interaction and structure and magnetic behavior of the samples. SANS is often used in structural studies of ferrofluids exploring two specific features of neutrons, the possibility of wide contrast variation using protonated/deuterated components and high magnetic scattering from ferromagnetics. This method can be effectively used for determination of the structural parameters of ferrofluids at the scale interval of 1-100 nm. In previous SANS experiments with ferrofluids of the same type it was shown that the nuclear scattering is described well by the spherical core-shell model (magnetite core plus surfactant shell) in a wide interval of momentum transfer (0.05 - 5 nm -1 ) and no significant effects of aggregation and interparticle interaction were observed in this interval for the magnetite concentration up to 5 vol. %. Experiments on small angle neutron scattering were carried out on SANS instrument YuMO in function at IBR-2 high pulsed reactor at the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. (authors)

Small angle neutron scattering and small angle X-ray scattering ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. The morphology of carbon nanofoam samples comprising platinum nanopar- ticles dispersed in the matrix was characterized by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. Results show that the structure of pores of carbon matrix exhibits a mass (pore) fractal nature ...

Assessment of firing conditions in old fired-clay bricks: The contribution of X-ray powder diffraction with the Rietveld method and small angle neutron scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viani, Alberto, E-mail: viani@itam.cas.cz [Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics AS CR, Centre of Excellence Telč, Batelovská 485, CZ-58856 Telč (Czech Republic); Sotiriadis, Konstantinos [Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics AS CR, Centre of Excellence Telč, Batelovská 485, CZ-58856 Telč (Czech Republic); Len, Adél [Wigner Research Centre for Physics HAS, Konkoly-Thege 29-33, 1121 Budapest (Hungary); Šašek, Petr; Ševčík, Radek [Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics AS CR, Centre of Excellence Telč, Batelovská 485, CZ-58856 Telč (Czech Republic)

2016-06-15

Full characterization of fired-clay bricks is crucial for the improvement of process variables in manufacturing and, in case of old bricks, for restoration/replacement purposes. To this aim, five bricks produced in a plant in Czech Republic in the past have been investigated with a combination of analytical techniques in order to derive information on the firing process. An additional old brick from another brickyard was also used to study the influence of different raw materials on sample microstructure. The potential of X-ray diffraction with the Rietveld method and small angle neutron scattering technique has been exploited to describe the phase transformations taking place during firing and characterize the brick microstructure. Unit-cell parameter of spinel and amount of hematite are proposed as indicators of the maximum firing temperature, although for the latter, limited to bricks produced from the same raw material. The fractal quality of the surface area of pores obtained from small angle neutron scattering is also suggested as a method to distinguish between bricks produced from different raw clays. - Highlights: • Rietveld method helps in describing microstructure and physical properties of bricks. • XRPD derived cell parameter of spinel is proposed as an indicator of firing temperature. • SANS effectively describes brick micro and nanostructure, including closed porosity. • Fractal quality of pore surface is proposed as ‘fingerprint’ of brick manufacturing.

Neutron diffraction from lead germanate glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Umesaki, Norimasa; Brunier, T.M.; Wright, A.C.; Hannon, A.C.; Scinclair, R.N.

1993-01-01

High resolution neutron diffraction data have been collected on the PbO-GeO 2 glasses and on GeO 2 for comparison. These neutron data have revealed the existence of 6-fold coordinated germanium (GeO 6 octahedra) by virtue of the shift in the first peak in the obtained total correlation function T(r) and increase in the coordination. The neutron results also indicate that PbO exits as PbO 4 pyramids, as found in the orthorhombic form of PbO crystal, in the studied PbO-GeO 2 glasses. (author)

Pulsed Neutron Powder Diffraction for Materials Science

Science.gov (United States)

Kamiyama, T.

2008-03-01

The accelerator-based neutron diffraction began in the end of 60's at Tohoku University which was succeeded by the four spallation neutron facilities with proton accelerators at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (Japan), Argonne National Laboratory and Los Alamos Laboratory (USA), and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). Since then, the next generation source has been pursued for 20 years, and 1MW-class spallation neutron sources will be appeared in about three years at the three parts of the world: Japan, UK and USA. The joint proton accelerator project (J-PARC), a collaborative project between KEK and JAEA, is one of them. The aim of the talk is to describe about J-PARC and the neutron diffractometers being installed at the materials and life science facility of J-PARC. The materials and life science facility of J-PARC has 23 neutron beam ports and will start delivering the first neutron beam of 25 Hz from 2008 May. Until now, more than 20 proposals have been reviewed by the review committee, and accepted proposal groups have started to get fund. Those proposals include five polycrystalline diffractometers: a super high resolution powder diffractometer (SHRPD), a 0.2%-resolution powder diffractometer of Ibaraki prefecture (IPD), an engineering diffractometers (Takumi), a high intensity S(Q) diffractometer (VSD), and a high-pressure dedicated diffractometer. SHRPD, Takumi and IPD are being designed and constructed by the joint team of KEK, JAEA and Ibaraki University, whose member are originally from the KEK powder group. These three instruments are expected to start in 2008. VSD is a super high intensity diffractometer with the highest resolution of Δd/d = 0.3%. VSD can measure rapid time-dependent phenomena of crystalline materials as well as glass, liquid and amorphous materials. The pair distribution function will be routinely obtained by the Fourier transiformation of S(Q) data. Q range of VSD will be as wide as 0.01 Å-1stress mapping inside

Neutron forward diffraction by single crystal prisms

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

We have derived analytic expressions for the deflection as well as transmitted fraction of monochromatic neutrons forward diffracted by a single crystal prism. In the vicinity of a Bragg reflection, the neutron deflection deviates sharply from that for an amorphous prism, exhibiting three orders of magnitude greater sensitivity to ...

Determination of textures by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dervin, P.; Penelle, R.

1989-01-01

In virtue of the low absorption coefficient of most materials in regard to neutrons, neutron diffraction is particularly well adapted for high-precision characterizing of the gross texture of massive fine-grained or coarse-grained specimens of the order of the cubic centimeter. The firt part of this paper is devoted to a description of the distribution of crystalline orientations, and the second part to experimental identification of textures [fr

TOF neutron diffraction study of archaeological ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kockelmann, W.; Kirfel, A.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. The time-of flight (TOF) neutron diffractometer ROTAX [1] at ISIS has been used for identification and quantitative phase analysis of archaeological pottery. Neutron diffraction yields mineral phase fractions which, in parallel with information obtained from other archaeometric examination techniques, can provide a fingerprint that can be used to identify provenance and reconstruct methods of manufacturing of an archaeological ceramic product. Phase fractions obtained from a 13th century Rhenish stoneware jar compare well with those obtained from a powder sample prepared from the same fragment. This indicates that reliable results can be obtained by illuminating a large piece or even an intact ceramic object making TOF neutron diffraction a truly non-destructive examination technique. In comparison to X-ray diffraction, information from the bulk sample rather than from surface regions is obtained. ROTAX allows for a simple experimental set-up, free of sample movements. Programmes of archaeological study on ROTAX involve Russian samples (Upper-Volga culture, 5000-2000 BC), Greek pottery, (Agora/Athens, 500-300 BC), and medieval German earthenware and stoneware ceramics (Siegburg waster heap, 13-15th century). (author)

Theoretical study of the influence of small angle scattering on diffraction enhanced imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu Peiping [Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing (China)], E-mail: zhupp@ihep.ac.cn; Huang Wanxia; Yuan, Qingxi [Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing (China); Wang Junyue; Shu Hang [Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing (China); Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100864 Beijing (China); Chen Bo [Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China); Wu Ziyu [Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing (China)], E-mail: wuzy@ihep.ac.cn

2007-07-15

Small angle scattering plays an important role in diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI). The DEI equation proposed by Chapman is accepted and widely used by many applications in medical, biological and material researches. However, in this framework the contribution of the small angle scattering determined by the crystal analyzer is neglected and the extinction contrast caused by the rejection of the small angle scattering by the analyzer is not explicitly expressed. In this contribution we introduce two additional terms in the DEI equation that describe the additional background introduced by the small angle scattering collected by the analyzer crystal and the extinction contrast associated to the rejection of the small angle scattering by the analyzer crystal, respectively. Four kinds of images of the DEI method were considered by using these revised equations and results were presented and discussed.

Theoretical study of the influence of small angle scattering on diffraction enhanced imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Peiping; Huang Wanxia; Yuan, Qingxi; Wang Junyue; Shu Hang; Chen Bo; Wu Ziyu

2007-01-01

Small angle scattering plays an important role in diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI). The DEI equation proposed by Chapman is accepted and widely used by many applications in medical, biological and material researches. However, in this framework the contribution of the small angle scattering determined by the crystal analyzer is neglected and the extinction contrast caused by the rejection of the small angle scattering by the analyzer is not explicitly expressed. In this contribution we introduce two additional terms in the DEI equation that describe the additional background introduced by the small angle scattering collected by the analyzer crystal and the extinction contrast associated to the rejection of the small angle scattering by the analyzer crystal, respectively. Four kinds of images of the DEI method were considered by using these revised equations and results were presented and discussed

A new bridge technique for neutron tomography and diffraction measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burca, G.; James, J.A.; Kockelmann, W.; Fitzpatrick, M.E.; Zhang, S.Y.; Hovind, J.; Langh, R. van

2011-01-01

An attractive feature of neutron techniques is the ability to identify hidden materials and structures inside engineering components and objects of art and archaeology. Bearing this in mind we are investigating a new technique, 'Tomography Driven Diffraction' (TDD), that exploits tomography data to guide diffraction experiments on samples with complex structures and shapes. The technique can be used utilising combinations of individual tomography and diffraction instruments, such as NEUTRA (PSI, CH) and ENGIN-X (ISIS, UK), but is also suitable for new combined imaging and diffraction instruments such as the JEEP synchrotron engineering instrument (DIAMOND, UK) and the proposed IMAT neutron imaging and diffraction instrument (ISIS, UK).

In situ neutron diffraction study of grain-orientation-dependent phase transformation in 304L stainless steel at a cryogenic temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tao Kaixiang; Wall, James J.; Li, Hongqi; Brown, Donald W.; Vogel, Sven C.; Choo, Hahn

2006-01-01

In situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction was performed to investigate the martensitic phase transformation during quasistatic uniaxial compression testing of 304L stainless steel at 300 and 203 K. In situ neutron diffraction enabled the bulk measurement of intensity evolution for various hkl atomic planes during the austenite (fcc) to martensite (hcp and bcc) phase transformation. Based on the neutron diffraction patterns, the martensite phases were observed from the very beginning of the plastic deformation at 203 K. However, at 300 K, no newly formed martensite, except a small amount of preexisting hcp phase, was observed throughout the test. From the changes in the relative intensities of individual hkl atomic planes, the grain-orientation-dependent phase transformation was investigated. The preferred orientation of the newly formed martensite grains was also investigated for the sample deformed at 203 K using neutron diffraction. The results reveal the orientation relationships between the austenite and the newly formed martensites. The fcc grain family diffracting with (200) plane normal parallel to the loading axis is favored for the fcc to bcc transformation and the bcc (200) plane normals are primarily aligned along the loading direction. For the fcc to hcp transformation, the fcc grains with (111) plane normals at an angle in between about 10 deg. and 50 deg. to the loading direction are favored

Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering. History, developments and applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koizumi, Satoshi; Yamaguchi, Daisuke

2011-01-01

Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS), which is a scattering method observing in a q-region of q=10 -3 nm -1 , was initiated by double crystal (Bonse-Hart) method. Recently, a focusing USANS method was developed by combining a pin-hole type spectrometer and focusing lenses. These two methods, which are complementary to each other, were employed to achieve wide q-observations on microbial cellulose, actin cytoskeleton, tire, and membrane-electrolyte assembly of fuel cell. (author)

Neutron scattering. Lectures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brueckel, Thomas; Heger, Gernot; Richter, Dieter; Roth, Georg; Zorn, Reiner [eds.

2010-07-01

The following topics are dealt with: Neutron sources, symmetry of crystals, diffraction, nanostructures investigated by small-angle neutron scattering, the structure of macromolecules, spin dependent and magnetic scattering, structural analysis, neutron reflectometry, magnetic nanostructures, inelastic scattering, strongly correlated electrons, dynamics of macromolecules, applications of neutron scattering. (HSI)

Neutron scattering. Lectures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brueckel, Thomas; Heger, Gernot; Richter, Dieter; Roth, Georg; Zorn, Reiner

2010-01-01

The following topics are dealt with: Neutron sources, symmetry of crystals, diffraction, nanostructures investigated by small-angle neutron scattering, the structure of macromolecules, spin dependent and magnetic scattering, structural analysis, neutron reflectometry, magnetic nanostructures, inelastic scattering, strongly correlated electrons, dynamics of macromolecules, applications of neutron scattering. (HSI)

Development and performance test of small angle neutron spectrometer at HANARO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, Young Soo; Seong, Baek Seok; Lee, Chang Hee; Lee, Jeong Soo; Hong, Kwang Pyo; Choi, Byung Hoon; Choi, Young Hyun; Shin, Eun Joo; Park, Kook Nam

2004-12-01

The construction of Small Angle Neutron Spectrometer(SANS) at the CN beam port in HANARO was completed and has been opened to users in July 2001. the 2-D PSD (two dimensional position sensitive detector), the NVS (neutron velocity selector), the detector chamber rotation system, the detector horizontal moving system, the stepping motors, the beam shutter and the attenuator were fully tested and installed. The performance test of all the components was also completed. Wavelengths and resolutions of the neutron beam monochromatized by the NVS were calibrated using both the time-of-flight method and the diffraction measurement on standard material, the silver behenate. The relationship between the selector speed U[rpm] and the neutron wavelength λ[A] was obtained as λ[A]=0.11077+107171/U[rpm]. The controllers for the sample environments, the beam shutter and the stepping motors were constructed and its control programs for those controllers were also developed. The Beam test for the SANS has been finished and the characteristics of neutron beam was analyzed. The experimental methods of SANS and its data treatment method were established. The performance test of the HANARO SANS compared with that of foreign SANS's. shows that the HANARO SANS is quite well comparable with foreign SANS facilities

Applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kennedy, S.J.

1996-01-01

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials science. The technique is introduced with particular attention to comparison with the X-ray powder diffraction technique to which it is complementary. The diffractometers and special environment ancillaries operating around the HIFAR research reactor at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) are described. Applications of the technique which the advantage of the unique properties of thermal neutrons have been selected from recent materials studies undertaken at ANSTO

Small-angle neutron scattering study of the ultrastructure of chloroplast thylakoid membranes - Periodicity and structural flexibility of the stroma lamellae

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Posselt, Dorthe; Nagy, Gergely; Kirkensgaard, Jacob J. K.

2012-01-01

The multilamellar organization of freshly isolated spinach and pea chloroplast thylakoid membranes was studied using small-angle neutron scattering. A broad peak at similar to 0.02 angstrom(-1) is ascribed to diffraction from domains of ordered, unappressed stroma lamellae, revealing a repeat dis...

Neutron scattering. Lectures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brueckel, Thomas; Heger, Gernot; Richter, Dieter; Roth, Georg; Zorn, Reiner

2012-01-01

The following topics are dealt with: Neutron scattering in contemporary research, neutron sources, symmetry of crystals, diffraction, nanostructures investigated by small-angle neutron scattering, the structure of macromolecules, spin dependent and magnetic scattering, structural analysis, neutron reflectometry, magnetic nanostructures, inelastic scattering, strongly correlated electrons, dynamics of macromolecules, applications of neutron scattering. (HSI)

Small angle neutron scattering using a triple axis spectrometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, F.U.; Goyal, P.S.; Kamal, L.; Yunus, S.M.; Datta, T.K.; Rahman, M.O.; Azad, A.K.; Begum, S.; Zakaria, A.K.

1994-01-01

SANS techniques has been developed on a triple axis neutron spectrometer at TRIGA Mark II (3 MW) research reactor, AERE, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Double crystal (with very small mosaic spread ∼ 1 min.) diffraction known as Bonse and Hart's method has been employed. Such a device is a useful tool for small angle scattering in the Q range between 10 -5 and 10 -1 Angstroms -1 and for real time experiments at short time scales. Therefore, large objects and large distance interparticle correlations can be easily investigated. The results of SANS' measurements using alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) sample are presented. The radius of gyration has been determined and the data has been fitted to the scattering function of a sphere. 9 refs., 6 figs.,

Neutrons for materials science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Windsor, C.G.; Allen, A.J.; Hutchings, M.T.; Sayers, C.M.; Sinclair, R.N.; Schofield, P.; Wright, C.J.

1984-12-01

The discussion will be limited to applied materials research performed on a customer/contractor basis. The information obtained using neutrons must therefore compete both scientifically and financially with information obtained using other techniques, particularly electron microscopy, X-ray, NMR, infra-red and Raman spectroscopy. It will be argued that the unique nature of the information gained from neutrons often outweighs the undoubted difficulties of access to neutron beams. Examples are given. Small angle scattering has emerged as the neutron technique of widest application in applied materials research. The penetration of neutron beams through containment vessels, as well as through the sample, allows the measurement of 'in situ' time dependent experiments within a furnace, cryostat, pressure vessel or chemical reactor vessel. High resolution powder diffraction is another technique with wide applications. Structural studies are possible on increasing complex phases. The structure and volume fraction of minority phases can be measured at levels appreciably below that possible by X-ray diffraction. A rapidly growing field at present is the measurement of internal strains through the small shifts in lattice spacing. Inelastic scattering measurements exploit the unique property of neutrons to measure the orientations of vibrating molecules. (author)

Small-angle neutron-scattering experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hardy, A.D.; Thomas, M.W.; Rouse, K.D.

1981-04-01

A brief introduction to the technique of small-angle neutron scattering is given. The layout and operation of the small-angle scattering spectrometer, mounted on the AERE PLUTO reactor, is also described. Results obtained using the spectrometer are presented for three materials (doped uranium dioxide, Magnox cladding and nitrided steel) of interest to Springfields Nuclear Power Development Laboratories. The results obtained are discussed in relation to other known data for these materials. (author)

Dynamical theory of neutron diffraction. [One-body Schroedinger equation, review

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sears, V F [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ontario. Chalk River Nuclear Labs.

1978-10-01

We present a review of the dynamical theory of neutron diffraction by macroscopic bodies which provides the theoretical basis for the study of neutron optics. We consider both the theory of dispersion, in which it is shown that the coherent wave in the medium satisfies a macroscopic one-body Schroedinger equation, and the theory of reflection, refraction, and diffraction in which the above equation is solved for a number of special cases of interest. The theory is illustrated with the help of experimental results obtained over the past 10 years by a number of new techniques such as neutron gravity refractometry. Pendelloesung interference, and neutron interferometry.

X-ray and Neutron Diffraction in the Study of Organic Crystalline Hydrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katharina Fucke

2010-07-01

Full Text Available A review. Diffraction methods are a powerful tool to investigate the crystal structure of organic compounds in general and their hydrates in particular. The laboratory standard technique of single crystal X-ray diffraction gives information about the molecular conformation, packing and hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure, while powder X-ray diffraction on bulk material can trace hydration/dehydration processes and phase transitions under non-ambient conditions. Neutron diffraction is a valuable complementary technique to X-ray diffraction and gives highly accurate hydrogen atom positions due to the interaction of the radiation with the atomic nuclei. Although not yet often applied to organic hydrates, neutron single crystal and neutron powder diffraction give precise structural data on hydrogen bonding networks which will help explain why hydrates form in the first place.

Small Angle Neutron Scattering From Iron. Vol. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adib, M; Abdel-Kawy, A; Naguib, K; Habib, N; Kilany, M [Reactor and Neutron Physics Dept., Nuclear Research Centre, AEA, Cairo, (Egypt); Wahba, M [Faculty of Engineering, ain Shams University, Cairo, (Egypt); Ashry, A [Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, (Egypt)

1996-03-01

The total neutron cross-section measurements have been carried out for iron in both metallic and powder forms in the wavelengths band 0.35 nm to 0.52 nm. The measurements were performed using the TOF spectrometer installed in front of one of the horizontal channels of the ET-RR-1 reactor. The observed behavior for the small-angle neutron scattering cross-section of iron powder was analyzed in terms of its particle diameter, incident neutron wavelength and beam divergence. It was found that for iron particles of diameter 25 {mu}m the small-angle neutron scattering is only due to refraction of neutron wave traversing the particles. A method was established to determine the particle size of iron powders within an accuracy of 8% which is higher than that obtained by mesh analysis. 4 figs., 1 tab.

Stress-free reference for neutron diffraction measurement of residual stress in butt-welded joints of austenitic stainless steel pipes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maekawa, Akira; Takahashi, Tsuneo; Tsuji, Takashi; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Moriai, Atsushi

2012-01-01

Stress-free lattice spacing d_0 has the most influence on reliability of neutron stress measurements made using an angle dispersive method. However, it is hard to evaluate the lattice spacing of welded structures and ductile materials such as stainless steel accurately. In this study, suitable measurement conditions for d_0 of welded pipe joints of austenitic stainless steel were discussed. The d_0 values derived from {311} and {111} reflections, which are often used in austenitic stainless steel for residual stress measurement, were examined. Comparison of the residual strains and stresses evaluated using the obtained d_0 and the finite element analysis showed that the way the d_0 values were chosen affected the measurement accuracy significantly. The stress measurement accuracy was remarkably improved when the {311} reflection was used and the proper d_0 value was chosen in the respective neutron diffraction measurements. For instance, for the axial diffraction measurements using the {311} reflection, it was recommended that only the axial d_0 value of the {311} reflection be used; the measurements using the {111} reflection were less accurate due to the large Young's modulus. Additionally, a lower diffraction angle was judged to be one of the factors leading to a decrease of the strain measurement accuracy. (author)

Neutrons in studies of phospholipid bilayers and bilayer–drug interaction. I. Basic principles and neutron diffraction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belička M.

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In our paper, we demonstrate several possibilities of using neutrons in pharmaceutical research with the help of examples of scientific results achieved at our University. In this first part, basic properties of neutrons and elementary principles of elastic scattering of thermal neutrons are described. Results of contrast variation neutron diffraction on oriented phospholipid bilayers with intercalated local anaesthetic or cholesterol demonstrate the potential of this method at determination of their position in bilayers. Diffraction experiments with alkan-1-ols located in the bilayers revealed their influence on bilayer thickness as a function of their alkyl chain length.

Progress report on JAERI-ORNL cooperative neutron scattering research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iizumi, Masashi

1985-08-01

One year activities done under the JAERI-DOE(ORNL) cooperative neutron scattering program are summarized. This period just followed the completion of the wide-angle neutron diffractometer dedicated to the cooperative research. The report contains results of the performance test of the instrument and early research activities. The latter part includes the time-resolved measurements of the transition kinetics in tin and Ni-Mn alloy as well as the single-crystal diffraction by the flat-cone method. (author)

X-ray diffraction at Bragg angles around π/2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mayolo, C.M.G. de.

1991-01-01

X-ray diffraction at Bragg angles around π/2 is studied from the theoretical and experimental points of view. The proposed corrections to the dynamical theory in the θ β ≅ π/2 cases, has been reviewed showing the equivalence between two formalisms leading to a corrected expression for the dependence of the angular parameter y with the angle of incidence. An expression for y valid in the conventional and θ β ≅ π/2 cases has been obtained. A general expression for Bragg law and for energy resolution after a Bragg diffraction was also deduced. (author)

III International Conference on Small Angle Neutron Scattering dedicated to the 80 anniversary of Yu.M. Ostanevich

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-01-01

Preface “Among the many well-known fundamental and applied consequences of neutron discovery, one of the first was the emergence of structural neutron diffraction - one of the methods for studying the spatial structure of condensed matter at the atomic level. Investigating the dynamics of biological macromolecules by neutron diffraction methods is an area that is almost untouched. We believe that also in this direction one should expect rapid progress.” Yu.M.Ostanevich and I.N.Serdyuk Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk (1982) More than 30 years after Ostanevich and Serdyuk reviewed the then 50 years from the neutron discovery, we are happy to support their statement and prediction by reporting on the further progress in the field of neutron scattering research. Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics has organized the III International Conference on Small Angle Neutron Scattering (YuMO2016) that was – not coincidently – dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Ostanevich. Yuriy Mechislavovich Ostanevich (1936–1992) has had a determinative and crucial contribution to the construction of spectrometers at the pulsed reactor IBR in Dubna, Russia. He contributed in particular to the development of time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique, and the selection of advanced scientific areas for its application. The SANS instrument at the IBR-2 reactor is called YuMO in his honour. The Ostanevich’s leadership and outstanding scientific achievements in SANS studies of polyelectrolytes, small molecules, fractals, metallic glasses, macromolecules, polymers, etc., were recognized also by a number of awards including the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 2000. To this end of course, we should not forget mentioning the contribution of close collaborators of Ostanevich: Laszlo Cser, Josef Plestil as well as Alexander Kunchenko, Vadim Bezzabotnov and Nikolay Gorski. The YuMO2016 conference focused on providing opportunities to discuss various possibilities of

Neutron diffraction measurements of residual stresses in NPP construction materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hinca, R.; Bokuchava, G.

2001-01-01

Neutron diffraction is one of the most powerful methods for condensed matter studies. This method is used for non-destructive determination of residual stresses in material. The fundamental aspects of neutron diffraction are discussed, together with a brief description of the experimental facility. The principal advantage of using neutrons rather than the more conventional X-rays is the fact that neutron can penetrate deeply (2-4 cm for steel and more than 10 cm for aluminium) into metals to determine internal parameters within the bulk of materials. We present results of measurements residual stresses in NPP construction material - austenitic stainless steel (Cr-18%, Ni-10%, Ti-1%) coated with high-nickel alloy. (authors)

Magnetic properties of the ternary carbide DyCoC2 studied by magnetization measurements, neutron diffraction and 161Dy Moessbauer spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amanai, H.; Onodera, H.; Ohashi, M.; Matsuo, S.; Yamauchi, H.

1995-01-01

The magnetic properties of DyCoC 2 have been investigated by means of magnetization measurements, powder neutron diffraction and 161 Dy Moessbauer spectroscopy. The magnetization versus temperature curves of a single-crystalline sample reveal that the magnetic structure of DyCoC 2 is a simple collinear ferromagnetic one below T C =10.0 K. At 4.2 K, the magnitude of the Dy moment is 8.7(1)μ B , whose direction is defined by an angle of 38.0(5) from the a-axis toward the c-axis. The magnetic structure and the magnitude of the moment are also confirmed by the results of powder neutron diffraction experiments and 161 Dy Moessbauer spectroscopy, respectively. ((orig.))

Neutron diffraction in a frustrated ferrite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mirebeau, I.; Iancu, G.; Gavoille, G.; Hubsch, J.

1994-01-01

The competition between a long range ordered ferrimagnetic lattice and small fluctuating clusters have been probed by neutron diffraction in a titanium magnesium frustrated ferrite. The description of the system is then compared to the predictions of several theoretical models for frustrated systems. 3 figs., 8 refs

The early development of neutron diffraction: science in the wings of the Manhattan Project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mason, T. E., E-mail: masont@ornl.gov; Gawne, T. J.; Nagler, S. E.; Nestor, M. B. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Carpenter, J. M. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States)

2013-01-01

Early neutron diffraction experiments performed in 1944 using the first nuclear reactors are described. Although neutron diffraction was first observed using radioactive decay sources shortly after the discovery of the neutron, it was only with the availability of higher intensity neutron beams from the first nuclear reactors, constructed as part of the Manhattan Project, that systematic investigation of Bragg scattering became possible. Remarkably, at a time when the war effort was singularly focused on the development of the atomic bomb, groups working at Oak Ridge and Chicago carried out key measurements and recognized the future utility of neutron diffraction quite independent of its contributions to the measurement of nuclear cross sections. Ernest O. Wollan, Lyle B. Borst and Walter H. Zinn were all able to observe neutron diffraction in 1944 using the X-10 graphite reactor and the CP-3 heavy water reactor. Subsequent work by Wollan and Clifford G. Shull, who joined Wollan’s group at Oak Ridge in 1946, laid the foundations for widespread application of neutron diffraction as an important research tool.

The early development of neutron diffraction: science in the wings of the Manhattan Project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mason, T. E.; Gawne, T. J.; Nagler, S. E.; Nestor, M. B.; Carpenter, J. M.

2013-01-01

Early neutron diffraction experiments performed in 1944 using the first nuclear reactors are described. Although neutron diffraction was first observed using radioactive decay sources shortly after the discovery of the neutron, it was only with the availability of higher intensity neutron beams from the first nuclear reactors, constructed as part of the Manhattan Project, that systematic investigation of Bragg scattering became possible. Remarkably, at a time when the war effort was singularly focused on the development of the atomic bomb, groups working at Oak Ridge and Chicago carried out key measurements and recognized the future utility of neutron diffraction quite independent of its contributions to the measurement of nuclear cross sections. Ernest O. Wollan, Lyle B. Borst and Walter H. Zinn were all able to observe neutron diffraction in 1944 using the X-10 graphite reactor and the CP-3 heavy water reactor. Subsequent work by Wollan and Clifford G. Shull, who joined Wollan’s group at Oak Ridge in 1946, laid the foundations for widespread application of neutron diffraction as an important research tool

Structure of molten TbCl sub 3 measured by neutron diffraction

CERN Document Server

Martin, R A; Barnes, A C; Cuello, G J

2002-01-01

The total structure factor of molten TbCl sub 3 at 617 deg. C was measured by using neutron diffraction. The data are in agreement with results from previous experimental work but the use of a diffractometer having an extended reciprocal-space measurement window leads to improved resolution in real space. Significant discrepancies with the results obtained from recent molecular dynamics simulations carried out using a polarizable ion model, in which the interaction potentials were optimized to enhance agreement with previous diffraction data, are thereby highlighted. It is hence shown that there is considerable scope for the development of this model for TbCl sub 3 and for other trivalent metal halide systems spanning a wide range of ion size ratios. (letter to the editor)

Neutron powder diffraction under high pressure at J-PARC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Utsumi, Wataru; Kagi, Hiroyuki; Komatsu, Kazuki; Arima, Hiroshi; Nagai, Takaya; Okuchi, Takuo; Kamiyama, Takashi; Uwatoko, Yoshiya; Matsubayashi, Kazuyuki; Yagi, Takehiko

2009-01-01

It is expected that high-pressure material science and the investigation of the Earth's interior will progress greatly using the high-flux pulse neutrons of J-PARC. In this article, we introduce our plans for in situ neutron powder diffraction experiments under high pressure at J-PARC. The use of three different types of high-pressure devices is planned; a Paris-Edinburgh cell, a new opposed-anvil cell with a nano-polycrystalline diamond, and a cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus. These devices will be brought to the neutron powder diffraction beamlines to conduct a 'day-one' high-pressure experiment. For the next stage of research, we propose construction of a dedicated beamline for high-pressure material science. Its conceptual designs are also introduced here.

Time-resolved Neutron Powder Diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pannetier, J.

1986-01-01

The use of a high-flux neutron source together with a large position sensitive detector (PSD) allows a powder diffraction pattern to be recorded at a time-scale of a few minutes so that crystalline systems under non-equilibrium conditions may now conveniently be investigated. This introduces a new dimension into powder diffraction (the time and transient phenomena like heterogeneous chemical reactions can now be easily studied. The instrumental parameters relevant for the design of such time-dependent experiments are briefly surveyed and the current limits of the method are discussed. The applications are illustrated by two kinds of experiment in the field of inorganic solid state chemistry: true kinetic studies of heterogeneous chemical reactions and thermodiffractometry experiments

Wide range neutron detection system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Todt, W.H. Sr.

1978-01-01

A neutron detection system for reactor control is described which is operable over a wide range of neutron flux levels. The system includes a fission type ionization chamber neutron detector, means for gamma and alpha signal compensation, and means for operating the neutron detector in the pulse counting mode for low neutron flux levels, and in the direct current mode for high neutron flux levels

Neutron diffraction studies of magnetic ordering in Ni-doped LaCoO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rajeevan, N.E. [Department of Physics, Z.G. College, Calicut 673014, Kerala (India); Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, Rajesh [Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur 177005, Himachal Pradesh (India); Kumar, Ravi [Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurudaspur 143521, Punjab (India); Kaushik, S.D. [UGC-DAE CSR Mumbai Centre, R-5 Shed, BARC, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra (India)

2015-11-01

Research in rare earth cobaltite has recently been intensified due to its fascinating magnetic properties. LaCoO{sub 3}, an important cobaltite, exhibits two prominent susceptibility features at ~90 K and 500 K in low field measurement. The magnetic behavior below 100 K is predominantly antiferromagnetic (AFM), but absence of pure AFM ordering and emergence of ferromagnetic coupling on further decreasing temperature made situation more intricate. The present work of studying the effect of Ni substitution at Co site in polycrystalline LaCo{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} (0≤x≤0.3) is motivated by the interesting changes in magnetic and electronic properties. For lucid understanding, temperature dependent neutron diffraction (ND) study was carried out. ND patterns fitted with rhombohedral structure in perovskite form with R-3c space group, elucidated information on phase purity. Further temperature dependent cell parameter, Co–O bond-length and Co–O–Co bond angle were calculated for the series of Ni doped LaCoO{sub 3}. The results are explained in terms of decrease in the crystal field energy which led to the transition of cobalt from low Spin (LS) state to intermediate spin state (IS). - Highlights: • Temperature dependent neutron diffraction (ND) on Ni doped LaCoO{sub 3} are studied. • Microscopic parameters (cell, bond length, bond angle etc.) are determined by ND. • Increase in Co–O bond length and decrease in Co–O–Co bond angle on Ni substitution. • Ionic radii of Co{sup +3} in IS state (0.56 Å) is larger than in LS state (0.54 Å). • Lattice expansion induced increase in Co–O length stabilizes Co{sup +3} in magnetic state.

Advances on detectors for low-angle scattering of epithermal neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perelli Cippo, E; Gorini, G; Tardocchi, M; Andreani, C; Pietropaolo, A; Senesi, R; Rhodes, N J; Schoonveld, E M

2008-01-01

The Very Low Angle Detector (VLAD) installed at the ISIS spallation neutron source is a novel instrument for epithermal neutron scattering with a range of applications in solid state physics. VLAD extends the kinematical space of the VESUVIO spectrometer to low momentum transfers at neutron energies above 1 eV. Measurements at scattering angles as low as 1° have been made with limitations due to the achievable signal/background ratio. (technical design note)

Study of quartz-glass using Roentgen- and neutron-diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sikkenk, P.J.

1988-08-01

An X-ray diffraction measurement, with wavelength 0.0711 nm, is made of a vitreous silica to kappa of 200nm -1 . (faculty of materials science) A second X-ray diffraction measurement has been executed (National Laboratory Oak Ridge). For this research we also used neutron diffraction measurement (IRI), with wavelength 0.085 nm of a vitreous silica to kappa of 132 nm -1 . The intermolecular scattering functions derived from the X-ray measurements and neutron measurements by omitting the intramolecular scattering contribution. A theoretical model for the structure of vitreous silica is used, derived from a mixture of Si en SiO-4 units. The partial scattering functions i-S-i---S-i is determined with help of the model and the intermolecular X-ray scattering functions and intermolecular neutron scattering functions and intermolecular neutron scatteirng functions. The fouriertransform of the partial scattering function i-S-i---S-i leads to the partial radial correlation function. When this partial radial correlation function is compared to a correlation function directly obtained by the intermolecular scattering function, a considerable increase of the resolution is observed in the partial correlation function if r > 0.29 nm and r < 0.45 nm. (author). 16 refs.; 30 figs.; 9 tabs

Bainitic transformation behavior studied by simultaneous neutron diffraction and dilatometric measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koo, Minseo; Xu, Pingguang; Tomota, Yo; Suzuki, Hiroshi

2009-01-01

Bainitic transformation behavior has firstly been observed using in situ neutron diffraction with an angular dispersive method for a hard bainite steel. The dilatometric measurement was carried out simultaneously with the neutron experiment where changes in (1 1 1) austenite and (1 1 0) ferrite diffraction profiles were monitored during heating, cooling and holding at a transformation temperature. The neutron experiments results agree with dilatometry results. They appear to have found that the austenite peak broadening occurs after the onset of bainitic transformation but not before.

A large angle cold neutron bender using sequential garland reflections for pulsed neutron source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ebisawa, T.; Tasaki, S. [Kyoto Univ., Kumatori, Osaka (Japan). Research Reactor Inst; Soyama, K.; Suzuki, J. [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment

2001-03-01

We discuss a basic structure and performance of a new cold neutron bender using sequential garland reflections, in order to bend a neutron beam with large divergence by large angle. Using this bender for a pulsed neutron source we could not only avoid the frame overlap for cold neutrons but also install a plural spectrometers at a cold guide and obtain polarized neutron beams if necessary. (author)

A large angle cold neutron bender using sequential garland reflections for pulsed neutron source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebisawa, T.; Tasaki, S.; Soyama, K.; Suzuki, J.

2001-01-01

We discuss a basic structure and performance of a new cold neutron bender using sequential garland reflections, in order to bend a neutron beam with large divergence by large angle. Using this bender for a pulsed neutron source we could not only avoid the frame overlap for cold neutrons but also install a plural spectrometers at a cold guide and obtain polarized neutron beams if necessary. (author)

High-resolution neutron diffraction studies of biological and industrial fibres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Langan, P; Mason, S A [Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin (ILL), 38 - Grenoble (France); Fuller, W; Forsyth, V T; Mahendrasingam, A; Shotton, M; Simpson, L [Keele Univ. (United Kingdom); Grimm, H [FZ, Juelich (Germany); Leberman, R [EMBL, (Country Unknown)

1997-04-01

Neutron diffraction is becoming an important tool for studying fibres due to its complementarity to X-ray diffraction. Unlike X-rays, scattering of neutrons by polymer atoms is not a function of their atomic number. In high-resolution studies (1.5-3 A) on D19 deuteration (replacing H by D) is being used to change the relative scattering power of chosen groups making them easier to locate. Recent studies on DNA and cellulose are described. (author). 6 refs.

Neutron diffraction measurements at the INES diffractometer using a neutron radiative capture based counting technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Festa, G. [Centro NAST, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma (Italy); Pietropaolo, A., E-mail: antonino.pietropaolo@roma2.infn.it [Centro NAST, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma (Italy); Grazzi, F.; Barzagli, E. [CNR-ISC Firenze (Italy); Scherillo, A. [CNR-ISC Firenze (Italy); ISIS facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (United Kingdom); Schooneveld, E.M. [ISIS facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (United Kingdom)

2011-10-21

The global shortage of {sup 3}He gas is an issue to be addressed in neutron detection. In the context of the research and development activity related to the replacement of {sup 3}He for neutron counting systems, neutron diffraction measurements performed on the INES beam line at the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron source are presented. For these measurements two different neutron counting devices have been used: a 20 bar pressure squashed {sup 3}He tube and a Yttrium-Aluminum-Perovskite scintillation detector. The scintillation detector was coupled to a cadmium sheet that registers the prompt radiative capture gamma rays generated by the (n,{gamma}) nuclear reactions occurring in cadmium. The assessment of the scintillator based counting system was done by performing a Rietveld refinement analysis on the diffraction pattern from an ancient Japanese blade and comparing the results with those obtained by a {sup 3}He tube placed at the same angular position. The results obtained demonstrate the considerable potential of the proposed counting approach based on the radiative capture gamma rays at spallation neutron sources.

Small-angle neutron scattering at pulsed spallation sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seeger, P.A.; Hjelm, R.P. Jr.

1991-01-01

The importance of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in biological, chemical, physical and engineering research mandates that all intense neutron sources be equipped with SANS instruments. Four existing instruments at pulsed sources are described and the general differences between pulsed-source and reactor-based instrument designs are discussed. The basic geometries are identical, but dynamic range is generally achieved by using a broad band of wavelengths (with time-of-flight analysis) rather than by moving the detector. This allows optimization for maximum beam intensity at a given beam size over the full dynamic range with fixed collimation. Data-acquisition requirements at a pulsed source are more severe, requiring large fast histrograming memories. Data reduction is also more complex, as all wavelength-dependent and angle-dependent backgrounds and nonlinearities must be accounted for before data can be transformed to intensity vs momentum transfer (Q). A comparison is shown between the Los Alamos pulsed instrument and D11 (Institut Laue-Langevin) and examples from the four major topics of the conference are shown. The general conclusion is that reactor-based instruments remain superior at very low Q or if only a narrow range of Q is required, but that the current generation of pulsed-source instruments is competitive of moderate Q and may be faster when a wide range of Q is required. (orig.)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based natural-synthetic hybrid copolymer films: A small-angle neutron scattering study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foster, L. John R.; Knott, Robert; Sanguanchaipaiwong, Vorapat; Holden, Peter J.

2006-01-01

Polyhydroxyalkanoates have attracted attention as biodegradable alternatives to conventional thermoplastics and as biomaterials. Through modification of their biosynthesis using Pseudomonas oleovorans, we have manipulated the material properties of these biopolyesters and produced a natural-synthetic hybrid copolymer of polyhydroxyoctanoate-block-diethylene glycol (PHO-b-DEG). A mixture of PHO and PHO-DEG were solvent cast from analytical grade chloroform and analysed using small-angle neutron scattering. A scattering pattern, easily distinguished above the background, was displayed by the films with a diffraction ring at q∼0.12 A -1 . This narrow ring of intensity is suggestive of a highly ordered system. Analysis of the diffraction pattern supported this concept and showed a d-spacing of approximately 50 A. In addition, conformation of the hybrid polymer chains can be manipulated to support their self-assembly into ordered microporous films

Quantitative multiphase analysis of archaeological bronzes by neutron diffraction

CERN Document Server

Siano, S; Celli, M; Pini, R; Salimbeni, R; Zoppi, M; Kockelmann, W A; Iozzo, M; Miccio, M; Moze, O

2002-01-01

In this paper, we report the first investigation on the potentials of neutron diffraction to characterize archaeological bronze artifacts. The preliminary feasibility of phase and structural analysis was demonstrated on standardised specimens with a typical bronze alloy composition. These were realised through different hardening and annealing cycles, simulating possible ancient working techniques. The Bragg peak widths that resulted were strictly dependent on the working treatment, thus providing an important analytical element to investigate ancient making techniques. The diagnostic criteria developed on the standardised specimens were then applied to study two Etruscan museum pieces. Quantitative multiphase analysis by Rietveld refinement of the diffraction patterns was successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, the analysis of patterns associated with different artifact elements also yielded evidence for some peculiar perspective of the neutron diffraction diagnostics in archeometric applications. (orig.)

Extinction correction in white X-ray and neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomiyoshi, S.; Yamada, M.; Watanabe, H.

1980-01-01

Extinction effects in white-beam X-ray and neutron diffraction are considered. In white-beam diffraction, a small deviation of the wavelength from the Bragg condition Δlambda is a variable which represents the line profile of the diffraction peaks, so that by using the new parameter Δlambda the theory is converted to one in white-beam diffraction. It is shown that for a convex crystal, primary extinction agrees with the results calculated already for monochromatic diffraction. The same relation is shown to hold in secondary extinction. It is concluded that extinction theory derived for monochromatic diffraction is applicable without any modification in white-beam diffraction. (Auth.)

Neutron diffraction tomography: a unique, 3D inspection technique for crystals using an intensifier TV system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davidson, J.B.; Case, A.L.

1978-01-01

The application of phosphor-intensifier-TV techniques to neutron topography and tomography of crystals is described. The older, analogous x-ray topography using wavelengths approximately 1.5A is widely used for surface inspection. However, the crystal must actually be cut in order to see diffraction anomalies beneath the surface. Because 1.5-A thermal neutrons are highly penetrating, much larger and thicker specimens can be used. Also, since neutrons have magnetic moments, they are diffracted by magnetic structures within crystals. In neutron volume topography, the entire crystal or a large part of it is irradiated, and the images obtained are superimposed reflections from the total volume. In neutron tomography (or section topography), a collimated beam irradiates a slice (0.5 to 10 mm) of the crystal. The diffracted image is a tomogram from this part only. A series of tomograms covering the crystal can be taken as the specimen is translated in steps across the narrow beam. Grains, voids, twinning, and other defects from regions down to 1 mm in size can be observed and isolated. Although at present poorer in resolution than the original neutron and film methods, the TV techniques are much faster and, in some cases, permit real-time viewing. Two camera systems are described: a counting camera having a 150 mm 6 Li-ZnS screen for low-intensity reflections which are integrated in a digital memory, and a 300-mm system using analog image storage. Topographs and tomograms of several crystals ranging in size from 4 mm to 80 mm are shown

TOF-SEMSANS—Time-of-flight spin-echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Strobl, M.; Tremsin, A.S.; Hilger, A.; Wieder, F.; Kardjilov, N.; Manke, I.; Bouwman, W.G.; Plomp, J.

2012-01-01

We report on measurements of spatial beam modulation of a polarized neutron beam induced by triangular precession regions in time-of-flight mode and the application of this novel technique spin-echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering (SEMSANS) to small-angle neutron scattering in the very

Residual stress distribution in carbon steel pipe welded joint measured by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, Makoto; Ishiwata, Masayuki; Morii, Yukio; Minakawa, Nobuaki

2000-01-01

In order to estimate crack growth behavior of fatigue and stress corrosion cracking in pipes, the residual stress distribution near the pipe weld region has to be measured through the wall thickness. Since the penetration depth of neutron is deep enough to pass through the thick pipe wall, the neutron diffraction technique for the residual stress measurement is effective for this purpose. At the first step the residual stress distribution near the weld region in a butt-welded carbon steel pipe was measured by the neutron diffraction. Significant stresses extended only to a distance of 30 mm from the center of the weld. The major tensile stresses occurred in the hoop direction in the fusion and heat affected zones of the weldment, and they attained a level greater than 200 MPa through the thickness. While the axial residual stress at the inside surface was 50 MPa, the stress at the outside surface was -100 MPa. The comparison of residual stress distributions measured by the neutron diffraction, the X-ray diffraction and the strain gauge method reveals that the neutron diffraction is the most effective for measuring the residual stress inside the structural components. (author)

The early development of neutron diffraction: science in the wings of the Manhattan Project.

Science.gov (United States)

Mason, T E; Gawne, T J; Nagler, S E; Nestor, M B; Carpenter, J M

2013-01-01

Although neutron diffraction was first observed using radioactive decay sources shortly after the discovery of the neutron, it was only with the availability of higher intensity neutron beams from the first nuclear reactors, constructed as part of the Manhattan Project, that systematic investigation of Bragg scattering became possible. Remarkably, at a time when the war effort was singularly focused on the development of the atomic bomb, groups working at Oak Ridge and Chicago carried out key measurements and recognized the future utility of neutron diffraction quite independent of its contributions to the measurement of nuclear cross sections. Ernest O. Wollan, Lyle B. Borst and Walter H. Zinn were all able to observe neutron diffraction in 1944 using the X-10 graphite reactor and the CP-3 heavy water reactor. Subsequent work by Wollan and Clifford G. Shull, who joined Wollan's group at Oak Ridge in 1946, laid the foundations for widespread application of neutron diffraction as an important research tool.

Characterization of white poplar and eucalyptus after ionic liquid pretreatment as a function of biomass loading using X-ray diffraction and small angle neutron scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yuan, Xueming [Beijing Univ. of Chemical Technology (China); Duan, Yonghao [Beijing Univ. of Chemical Technology (China); He, Lilin [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Singh, Seema [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Simmons, Blake [Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Cheng, Gang [Beijing Univ. of Chemical Technology (China); Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

2017-02-08

A systematic study was done to understand interactions among biomass loading during ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment, biomass type and biomass structures. White poplar and eucalyptus samples were pretreated using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc) at 110 °C for 3 h at biomass loadings of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%. All of the samples were chemically characterized and tested for enzymatic hydrolysis. Physical structures including biomass crystallinity and porosity were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), respectively. SANS detected pores of radii ranging from ~25 to 625 Å, enabling assessment of contributions of pores with different sizes to increased porosity after pretreatment. Contrasting dependences of sugar conversion on white poplar and eucalyptus as a function of biomass loading were observed and cellulose crystalline structure was found to play an important role.

Neutron diffraction and NQR study of the intermediate turn angle phase formed during AFI to AFII recording in YBa2Cu3-xAlxO6+#delta#

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brecht, E.; Schmahl, W.W.; Fuess, H.

1997-01-01

The reordering mechanism from the antiferromagnetic phase AFI to the antiferromagnetic phase AFII in an oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu2.94Al0.06O6+delta single crystal with an oxygen content delta=0.18 in the Cu(1) layer has been studied by neutron diffraction and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR......). The crystal orders magnetically from the paramagnetic state to the antiferromagnetic AFI state at the Neel temperature T-N=403 K with an empirical critical exponent of beta = 0.26. Reordering to the antiferromagnetic AFII state sets in at T-2 = 12 K. In both the AFI and AFII phases the ordered magnetic...... as a function of temperature. This result indicates unequivocally that the AFIAFII reordering takes place via a noncollinear intermediate turn angle phase AFI+II....

Small angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernardini, G.; Cherubini, G.; Fioravanti, A.; Olivi, A.

1976-09-01

A method for the analysis of the data derived from neutron small angle scattering measurements has been accomplished in the case of homogeneous particles, starting from the basic theory without making any assumption on the form of particle size distribution function. The experimental scattering curves are interpreted with the aid the computer by means of a proper routine. The parameters obtained are compared with the corresponding ones derived from observations at the transmission electron microscope

Neutron Powder Diffraction and Constrained Refinement

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pawley, G. S.; Mackenzie, Gordon A.; Dietrich, O. W.

1977-01-01

The first use of a new program, EDINP, is reported. This program allows the constrained refinement of molecules in a crystal structure with neutron diffraction powder data. The structures of p-C6F4Br2 and p-C6F4I2 are determined by packing considerations and then refined with EDINP. Refinement is...

Wide range neutron flux monitor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Endo, Yorimasa; Fukushima, Toshiki.

1983-01-01

Purpose: To provide a wide range neutron-flux monitor adapted such that the flux monitoring function and alarming function can automatically by shifted from pulse counting system to cambel method system. Constitution: A wide range neutron-flux monitor comprises (la) pulse counting system and (lb) cambel-method system for inputting detection signals from neutron detectors and separating them into signals for the pulse measuring system and the cambel measuring system, (2) overlap detection and calculation circuit for detecting the existence of the overlap of two output signals from the (la) and (lb) systems, and (3) trip circuit for judging the abnormal state of neutron detectors upon input of the detection signals. (Seki, T.)

Neutron-diffraction measurements of stress

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holden, T.M.

1995-01-01

Experiments on bent steam-generator tubing have shown that different diffraction peaks, (1 1 1) or (0 0 2), give different results for the sign and magnitude of the stress and strain. From an engineering standpoint, the macroscopic stress field cannot be both positive and negative in the same volume, so this difference must be due to intergranular effects superposed on the macroscopic stress field. Uniaxial tensile test experiments with applied stresses beyond the 0.2% offset yield stress, help to understand this anomaly, by demonstrating the different strain response to applied stress along different crystallographic axes.When Zr-alloys are cooled from elevated temperatures, thermal stresses always develop, so that it is difficult to obtain a stress-free lattice spacing from which residual strains may be derived. From measurements of the temperature dependence of lattice spacing, the temperature at which the thermal stresses vanish may be found. From the lattice spacing at this temperature the stress-free lattice spacings at room temperature can be obtained readily.To interpret the measured strains in terms of macroscopic stress fields it is necessary to know the diffraction elastic constants. Neutron diffraction measurements of the diffraction elastic constants in a ferritic steel for the [1 1 0], [0 0 2] and [2 2 2] crystallographic axes, in directions parallel and perpendicular to the applied stress are compared with theoretical diffraction elastic constants. (orig.)

Texture investigation in aluminium and iron - silicon samples by neutron diffraction technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pugliese, R.; Yamasaki, J.M.

1988-09-01

By means of the neutron diffraction technique the texture of 5% and 98% rolled-aluminium and of iron-silicon steel used in the core of electric transformers, have been determined. The measurements were performed by using a neutron diffractometer installed at the IEA-R1 Nuclear Research Reactor, in the Beam-Hole n 0 . 6. To avoid corrections such as neutron absorption and sample luminosity the geometric form of the samples were approximated to spheric or octagonal prism, and its dimensions do not exceed that of the neutron beam. The texture of the samples were analysed with the help of a computer programme that analyses the intensity of the diffracted neutron beam and plot the pole figures. (author) [pt

Neutron diffraction and Vitamin E

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harroun, T A; Marquardt, D; Katsaras, J; Atkinson, J, E-mail: tharroun@brocku.ca

2010-11-01

It is generally accepted that neutron diffraction from model membrane systems is an effective biophysical technique for determining membrane structure. Here we describe an example of how deuterium labelling can elucidate the location of specific membrane soluble molecules, including a brief discussion of the technique itself. We show that deuterium labelled {alpha}-tocopherol sits upright in the bilayer, as might be expected, but at very different locations within the bilayer, depending on the degree of lipid chain unsaturation.

Neutron diffraction of γ-aluminium oxynitride

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Willems, H.X.; With, de G.; Metselaar, R.; Helmholdt, R.B.; Petersen, K.K.

1993-01-01

Neutron diffraction expts. were performed on Al oxynitride (Alon) powders with compns. corresponding to 67.5, 73 and 77.5 mol.% Al2O3. The 73 mol.% powder was produced by reacting Al2O3 and AlN powders for 3 h at 1750 Deg. After reaction the resultant powder was ground with a mortar and pestle to

Structure analysis of liquids and disordered materials using pulsed neutron diffraction and total scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuya, Kentaro

2011-01-01

Neutron diffraction·total scattering at pulsed neutron source is a powerful method to analyze the complex structure of disordered materials: liquids, glasses, amorphous materials and disordered crystals. The basic idea of the structure of disordered materials, the fundamental diffraction theory for disordered materials, and structure analysis of disordered materials using pulsed neutron diffraction·total scattering technique (TOF method) are described in detail. In addition, the precise information of the world highest class J-PARC MLF spallation neutron source and typical J-PARC neutron total scattering instrument NOVA are also given. Recent structural modelling methods of disordered materials such like reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation method is briefly described using an example of the analysis of a typical disordered material silica glass. (author)

Fast neutron dosimeter with wide base silicon diode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Lu

1986-01-01

This paper briefly introduces a wide base silicon diode fast neutron dosimeter with wide measuring range and good energy response to fast neutron. It is suitable to be used to detect fast neutrons in the mixed field of γ-ray, thermal neutrons and fast neutrons

Investigation of solid solution of hydrogen in α-manganese by neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fedotov, V.K.; Antonov, V.E.; Kolesnikov, A.I.; Kornell, K.; Vipf, G.; Grosse, G.; Vagner, F.Eh.; Sikolenko, V.V.; Sumin, V.V.; )

1997-01-01

The FCC-lattice of the solid solution α-MnH 0.073 with the mass of 8.45 g is investigated by the neutron diffraction method and the inelastic neutron scattering technique. The neutron diffraction measurements are made by the diffractometer D1B with pyrographite monochromator and the high-resolution Fourier diffractometer HRFD at 300 K. The study of the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering is carried out by means of the inverse geometry spectrometer KDSOG-M at 90 K. The comparative analysis of α-MnH 0.073 and α-Mn spectra is fulfilled for the more correct separation of effects of hydrogen introduction. It is found out that the structure of the solid solution α-MnH 0.073 belongs to the same spatial group I-43m as the structure of α-Mn [ru

Neutron diffraction on CeMnAlD{sub x} (0{<=}x{<=}2.5)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spatz, P.; Gross, K.; Schlapbach, L. [Fribourg Univ. (Switzerland); Fischer, P.; Fauth, F. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)

1997-09-01

CeMnAl was found to absorb considerable amounts of hydrogen. Part of the totally stored hydrogen is absorbed at low pressures (< 10 mbar). Additional hydrogen can be absorbed and desorbed reversible in a wide pressure range (10 mbar to 10 bar) at room temperature. In order to a better understanding of this new metal-hydride system, we performed neutron diffraction on deuterated CeMnAl samples with different D-concentrations. (author) 1 fig., 2 refs.

Large solid-angle spectrometers for studies of double-differential charged-particle and neutron emission cross sections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baba, M.; Matsuyama, S.; Sanami, T.; Soda, D.; Matsuyama, I.; Ohkubo, T.; Iwasaki, S.; Hirakawa, N.

1995-01-01

The large solid-angle spectrometer developed for studies of double-differential cross sections of (n, charged particle) and (n, xn') reactions using a gas-filled gridded-ionization chamber and an 80-cm long liquid scintillator is described. The charged particle spectrometer is a twin gas-filled gridded-ionization chamber with solid angle close to 4 π designed to achieve high stopping power and background suppression. The neutron spectrometer is a long NE213 liquid scintillation detector having position sensitivity. It is used as a large single spectrometer or a position sensitive detector covering wide scattering angle. The facility design, performance and examples of application are discussed. The conclusion is made that the facility provides a useful mean for studies in particular for reactions with small cross sections and/or for neutron sources with low intensity. 15 refs., 15 figs

Small-angle neutron scattering at pulsed spallation sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seeger, P.A.; Hjelm, R.P. Jr.

1990-01-01

The importance of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in biological, chemical, physical, and engineering research mandates that all intense neutron sources be equipped with SANS instruments. Four existing instruments are described, and the general differences between pulsed-source and reactor-based instrument designs are discussed. The basic geometries are identical, but dynamic range is achieved by using a broad band of wavelengths (with time-of-flight analysis) rather than by moving the detector. This allows a more optimized collimation system. Data acquisition requirements at a pulsed source are more severe, requiring large, fast histogramming memories. Data reduction is also more complex, as all wave length-dependent and angle-dependent backgrounds and non-linearities must be accounted for before data can be transformed to intensity vs Q. A comparison is shown between the Los Alamos pulsed instrument and D-11 (Institute Laue-Langevin), and examples from the four major topics of the conference are shown. The general conclusion is that reactor-based instruments remain superior at very low Q or if only a narrow range of Q is required, but that the current generation of pulsed-source instruments is competitive at moderate Q and may be faster when a wide range of Q is required. In principle, a user should choose which facility to use on the basis of optimizing the experiment; in practice the tradeoffs are not severe and the choice is usually made on the basis of availability

Determination of the Magnetic Structure of Complex anti-Perovskite Fluorides by Neutron Diffraction

Science.gov (United States)

Felder, Justin; Yeon, Jeongho; Zur Loye, Hans-Conrad

An unusual family of anti-perovskite fluorides consisting of complex ions as the A, B, and X building units has been synthesized as single crystals. This family of anti-perovskites provides a unique framework to probe the magnetic properties of transition metals. Presented here is the Fe endmember of the family: [Cu(H2O)4]3[FeF6]2. The iron member exhibits complex magnetic behavior at low temperatures, which has been probed by magnetometry and neutron diffraction experiments. Presented here are the results from the anisotropic magnetometry study as well as the magnetic spin structure as determined by neutron diffraction experiments. The materials presented here represent an interesting class of perovskites that are as-yet unexplored. Given the wide range of properties possible in perovskites and related structures, it is reasonable to expect that further exploration of these materials will reveal many interesting attributes; both chemical and physical. United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Award DE-SC0008664.

Study of FeC1{sub 2} by neutron diffraction; Etude de Fe C1{sub 2} par diffraction de neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herpin, A; Meriel, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France)

1959-07-01

Magnetic measurements have shown that anhydrous ferrous chloride behaves as a metamagnetic at temperatures below 24 deg. K, in other words as an antiferromagnetic sensitive to the action of an external field of moderate strength. The aim of the neutron diffraction study is to determine precisely the arrangement of the magnetic moments, and to follow its evolution as a function of the applied field. (author) [French] Des mesures magnetiques ont montre que le chlorure ferreux anhydre se comporte comme un metamagnetique a une temperature inferieure a 24 deg. K, c'est a dire comme un antiferromagnetique sensible a l'action d'un champ exterieur modere. L'etude par diffraction de neutrons a pour buts de preciser la disposition des moments magnetiques et de suivre son evolution en fonction du champ applique. (auteur)

Investigation of Acrylic Acid at High Pressure using Neutron Diffraction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Johnston, Blair F.; Marshall, William G.; Parsons, Simon

2014-01-01

This article details the exploration of perdeuterated acrylic acid at high pressure using neutron diffraction. The structural changes that occur in acrylic acid-d4 are followed via diffraction and rationalised using the Pixel method. Acrylic acid undergoes a reconstructive phase transition to a new...

Powder Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vigneron, F.

1986-01-01

The determination of the magnetic structures of materials (ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, helimagnetic, .) can be achieved only by neutron diffraction. A general survey of the powder technique is given: 2-axis spectrometer and analysis of the magnetic data. For the REBe/sb13/ intermetallic compounds (RE = Rare Earth), commensurate and/or incommensurate magnetic structures are observed and discussed as a function of RE (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er)

Small angle X ray diffraction investigation of twinned opal_like structures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Samusev, A.K.; Sinev, I.S.; Samusev, K.B.; Rybin, M.V.; Mistonov, A.A.; Grigoryeva, N.A.; Grigoriev, S.V.; Petukhov, A.V.; Byelov, D.; Trofimova, E.Y.; Kurdyukov, D.A.; Golubev, V.G.; Limonov, M.F.

2012-01-01

Small angle X ray diffraction from synthetic opal films has been investigated as a function of the orientation of the sample. All the observed (hkl) diffraction reflections have been interpreted. The reconstruct tion of the reciprocal lattice of the studied opal films has been carried out. The

Neutron diffraction experiments on ordered silver nuclei at Picokelvin temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Annila, A.J.; Hakonen, P.J.; Lounasmaa, O.V.; Nummila, K.K.; Oja, A.S.; Tuoriniemi, J.T.; Clausen, K.N.; Lindgaard, P.-A.; Siemensmeyer, K.; Steiner, M.; Weinfurter, H.; Viertioe, H.E.

1990-08-01

Nuclear spins in silver constitute an ideal antiferromagnetic spin - 1/2 model system in an fcc lattice. The nuclei are well localized and the interactions coupling the spins can be calculated from first principles. Strong quantum effects are expected owing to spin - 1/2. The magnetic phase diagram of the system has been investigated by several theoretical methods. In the present study the feasibility of neutron diffraction experiments on nuclear magnetic order in silver is discussed. The requirements for cryogenics and for neutron equipment are based on experience with current NMR measurements on sivler and with neutron diffraction work on copper. It is concluded that an experiment using an isotopically enriched specimen of either 107 Ag or 109 Ag is feasible but difficult. (author) 1 tab., 16 ills., 38 refs

Neutron Optics: Towards Applications for Hot Neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schanzer, C; Schneider, M; Böni, P

2016-01-01

Supermirrors with large critical angles of reflection, i.e. large index m are an essential ingredient to transport, focus and polarise neutrons over a wide range of energy. Here we summarise the recent developments of supermirror with very large critical angles of reflection and high reflectivity that were conducted at SwissNeutronics as well as their implementation in devices. Approaching critical angles m = 8 times the critical angle of natural nickel makes new applications possible and extends the use of reflection optics towards the regime of hot and epithermal neutrons. Based on comparisons of simulations with experiment we demonstrate future possibilities of applications of large-m supermirrors towards devices for neutrons with short wavelength. (paper)

Determination of Coherency and Rigidity Temperatures in Al-Cu Alloys Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction During Casting

Science.gov (United States)

Drezet, Jean-Marie; Mireux, Bastien; Szaraz, Zoltan; Pirling, Thilo

2014-08-01

The rigidity temperature of a solidifying alloy is the temperature at which the solid phase is sufficiently coalesced to transmit tensile stress. It is a major input parameter in numerical modeling of solidification processes as it defines the point at which thermally induced deformations start to generate internal stresses in a casting. This temperature has been determined for an Al-13 wt.% Cu alloy using in situ neutron diffraction during casting in a dog-bone-shaped mold. This setup allows the sample to build up internal stress naturally as its contraction is not possible. The cooling on both sides of the mold induces a hot spot at the middle of the sample that is irradiated by neutrons. Diffraction patterns are recorded every 11 s using a large detector, and the very first change of diffraction angles allows for the determination of the rigidity temperature. We measured rigidity temperatures equal to 557°C and 548°C depending on the cooling rate for grain refined Al-13 wt.% Cu alloys. At a high cooling rate, rigidity is reached during the formation of the eutectic phase. In this case, the solid phase is not sufficiently coalesced to sustain tensile load and thus cannot avoid hot tear formation.

Latest developments of neutron scattering instrumentation at the Juelich Centre for Neutron Science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ioffe, Alexander

2013-01-01

Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) is operating a number of world-class neutron scattering instruments situated at the most powerful and advanced neutron sources (FRM II, ILL and SNS) and is continuously undertaking significant efforts in the development and upgrades to keep this instrumentation in line with the continuously changing scientific request. These developments are mostly based upon the latest progress in neutron optics and polarized neutron techniques. For example, the low-Q limit of the suite of small angle-scattering instruments has been extended to 4·10 -5 Å -1 by the successful use of focusing optics. A new generation of correction elements for the neutron spin-echo spectrometer has allowed for the use of the full field integral available, thus pushing further the instrument resolution. A significant progress has been achieved in the developments of 3 He neutron spin filters for purposes of the wide-angle polarization analysis for off-specular reflectometry and (grazing incidence) small-angle neutron scattering, e.g. the on-beam polarization of 3 He in large cells is allowing to achieve a high neutron beam polarization without any degradation in time. The wide Q-range polarization analysis using 3 He neutron spin filters has been implemented for small-angle neutron scattering that lead to the reduction up to 100 times of the intrinsic incoherent background from non-deuterated biological molecules. Also the work on wide-angle XYZ magnetic cavities (Magic PASTIS) will be presented. (author)

Studies of Mn0.5Cr0.5Fe2O4 ferrite by neutron diffraction at different temperatures in the range 768K ≥ T ≥ 13K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zakaria, A.K.M.; Ahmed, F.U.; Azad, A.K.; Yunus, S.M.; Asgar, M.A.; Paranjpe, S.K.; Das, A.

2002-01-01

Neutron diffraction studies of a polycrystalline manganese-chromium- ferrite with composition Mn 0.5 Cr 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 have been performed at a number of temperatures in the range 768K ≥ T ≥ 13K. The cation distributions, oxygen position parameter (u) and lattice constant (a o ) have been determined from the analysis of the higher angle neutron diffraction data. The temperature response of the lattice constant has also been investigated and a slight anomalous expansion has been found around the magnetic transition temperature. Sublattice as well as net ferrimagnetic moments of the specimen have been found out from the analysis of the neutron diffraction data at different temperatures. A randomly canted ordering of spins has been observed in the B sublattice, while the A sublattice moments appear to exhibit collinear Neel type ordering at all temperatures. (author)

Study of FeC1{sub 2} by neutron diffraction; Etude de Fe C1{sub 2} par diffraction de neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herpin, A.; Meriel, P. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France)

1959-07-01

Magnetic measurements have shown that anhydrous ferrous chloride behaves as a metamagnetic at temperatures below 24 deg. K, in other words as an antiferromagnetic sensitive to the action of an external field of moderate strength. The aim of the neutron diffraction study is to determine precisely the arrangement of the magnetic moments, and to follow its evolution as a function of the applied field. (author) [French] Des mesures magnetiques ont montre que le chlorure ferreux anhydre se comporte comme un metamagnetique a une temperature inferieure a 24 deg. K, c'est a dire comme un antiferromagnetique sensible a l'action d'un champ exterieur modere. L'etude par diffraction de neutrons a pour buts de preciser la disposition des moments magnetiques et de suivre son evolution en fonction du champ applique. (auteur)

Set of thermal neutron-scattering experiments for the Weapons Neutron Research Facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brugger, R.M.

1975-12-01

Six classes of experiments form the base of a program of thermal neutron scattering at the Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) Facility. Three classes are to determine the average microscopic positions of atoms in materials and three are to determine the microscopic vibrations of these atoms. The first three classes concern (a) powder sample neutron diffraction, (b) small angle scattering, and (c) single crystal Laue diffraction. The second three concern (d) small kappa inelastic scattering, (e) scattering surface phonon measurements, and (f) line widths. An instrument to couple with the WNR pulsed source is briefly outlined for each experiment

High-resolution inelastic neutron scattering and neutron powder diffraction study of the adsorption of dihydrogen by the Cu(II) metal–organic framework material HKUST-1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Callear, Samantha K.; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.; David, William I.F. [ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Millange, Franck [Institut Lavoisier Versailles (CNRS UMR 8180), Université de Versailles, 78035 Versailles (France); Walton, Richard I., E-mail: r.i.walton@warwick.ac.uk [Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (United Kingdom)

2013-12-12

Highlights: • Binding sites for dihydrogen in a metal–organic framework have been identified. • The combination of diffraction and spectroscopy shows competitive filling of various adsorption sites. • Inelastic neutron scattering over wide-momentum transfer reveals new models for hydrogen-framework interactions. - Abstract: We present new high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra (measured using the TOSCA and MARI instruments at ISIS) and powder neutron diffraction data (measured on the diffractometer WISH at ISIS) from the interaction of the prototypical metal–organic framework HKUST-1 with various dosages of dihydrogen gas. The INS spectra show direct evidence for the sequential occupation of various distinct sites for dihydrogen in the metal–organic framework, whose population is adjusted during increasing loading of the guest. The superior resolution of TOSCA reveals subtle features in the spectra, not previously reported, including evidence for split signals, while complementary spectra recorded on MARI present full information in energy and momentum transfer. The analysis of the powder neutron patterns using the Rietveld method shows a consistent picture, allowing the crystallographic indenisation of binding sites for dihydrogen, thus building a comprehensive picture of the interaction of the guest with the nanoporous host.

High-resolution inelastic neutron scattering and neutron powder diffraction study of the adsorption of dihydrogen by the Cu(II) metal–organic framework material HKUST-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Callear, Samantha K.; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.; David, William I.F.; Millange, Franck; Walton, Richard I.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Binding sites for dihydrogen in a metal–organic framework have been identified. • The combination of diffraction and spectroscopy shows competitive filling of various adsorption sites. • Inelastic neutron scattering over wide-momentum transfer reveals new models for hydrogen-framework interactions. - Abstract: We present new high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra (measured using the TOSCA and MARI instruments at ISIS) and powder neutron diffraction data (measured on the diffractometer WISH at ISIS) from the interaction of the prototypical metal–organic framework HKUST-1 with various dosages of dihydrogen gas. The INS spectra show direct evidence for the sequential occupation of various distinct sites for dihydrogen in the metal–organic framework, whose population is adjusted during increasing loading of the guest. The superior resolution of TOSCA reveals subtle features in the spectra, not previously reported, including evidence for split signals, while complementary spectra recorded on MARI present full information in energy and momentum transfer. The analysis of the powder neutron patterns using the Rietveld method shows a consistent picture, allowing the crystallographic indenisation of binding sites for dihydrogen, thus building a comprehensive picture of the interaction of the guest with the nanoporous host

A time-of-flight spectrometer for neutron diffraction under high pressure or at high temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roult, G.; Buevoz, J.L.

1975-01-01

For high pressure neutron diffraction studies (40 kilobars) the sample is placed in a very thick cell. In order to allow the neutron beam to go through the cell loosing as little intensity as possible, the inner part is kept solid while the external part has some windows facing the incident and reflected beam. The window dimensions are small (a few millimeters wide and a few centimeters long). There are two alternatives: to have the window either in a perpendicular plane or in a plane parallel to the axis. In the first case a fixed wavelength spectrometer can be used but the sample is small and the contribution of the cell to the diffraction pattern is relatively great. In the second case samples can be something like ten times greater and the cell contribution can be eliminated but a fixed wavelength spectrometer cannot be used. Thus the time-of-flight method is very convenient. The second alternative was chosen

Non-destructive bulk analysis of the Buggenum sword by neutron resonance capture analysis and neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Postma, H.; Clarijs, M.; Borella, A.; Schillebeeckx, P.; Kamermans, H.

2010-01-01

Two neutron based techniques, neutron resonance capture analysis (NRCA) and time-of-flight neutron-diffraction (TOF-ND) have been used to determine the elemental composition and structure of a precious and very well preserved all-metal sword from the Bronze Age. This Buggenum sword was on loan from the National Museum of Antiquities (NMA) in Leiden (NL). NRCA and TOF-ND experiments have been carried out at a number of more or less identical positions of the sword. The tin-bronze ratio and the relative amounts of some minor elements (Sb, As, Ag, In) have been determined. The results of neutron diffraction measurements showed considerable tin-segregation, and clear indications of hardening on the edges of the blade. In addition, radiographs using Bremsstrahlung revealed the construction of the hilt-blade connection. The work was carried out at the EC Joint Research Centre IRMM in Geel (B) and at the ISIS facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). (author)

Structure of amorphous selenium studied by neutron diffraction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Flemming Yssing; Knudsen, Torben Steen; Carneiro, K.

1975-01-01

Neutron diffraction measurements on amorphous selenium have been performed at 293 and 80 K. Careful analyses of the instrumental corrections were made to avoid systematic errors in the measured structure factor S (kappa) in the wave vector region 0 ? kappa ? 12 Å−1. As a result of the data...... treatment, the neutron scattering cross sections of selenium are determined to be sigmacoh = 8.4±0.1 b and sigmainc = 0.1±0.1 b. Using the fact that S (kappa) for large kappa's is determined by the short distances in the sample, a new method for extrapolation of the experimental S (kappa) until convergence....... Finally, we give a brief discussion of the different models for the structure of amorphous selenium, taking both diffraction measurements and thermodynamic considerations into account. The Journal of Chemical Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics....

Stress measurement by neutron diffraction method. Standard method using angular dispersion method and trial of using neutron IP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sasaki, Toshihiko; Takago, Shigeki

2016-01-01

This paper outlined a stress measurement method using neutrons, and introduced the application examples to stress measurement for metal-based composite materials. In the angular dispersion type measurement using a steady-state reactor type neutron source, the white beams taken out from a nuclear reactor are monochromatized (wavelength λ is a constant value) with a single crystal monochromator and utilized. As an example of measurement, there was the case as follows: the stress of a sintered material which has been put to practical use as valve seat part for automobiles was measured by the neutron method, and the deformation behavior during load was studied. This study performed neutron diffraction measurement using a residual stress analyzer (RESA: Diffractometer for Residual Stress Analysis) installed at JAEA's experimental reactor JRR-3. As a result, it was found that the stress state of the sintered composite material of Fe-Cr and TiN can be predicted with a micromechanics model. A neutron diffraction ring can be obtained using a neutron image plate (IP), where fine powder of gadolinium (Gd) was incorporated into IP for X-rays, and it can be used as an IP reader in the same way as the case of X-rays. A report has been introduced on the examination results of the highly accurate stress measurement by applying the cos α method devised for X-ray stress measurement to neutron diffraction ring. (A.O.)

Progress in small angle neutron scattering activities in Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohamed, Abudl Aziz Bin

2000-01-01

Research activities by use of small angle neutron scattering in Malaysia are briefly reported. Scattered neutron data are displayed in two or three-dimensional isometric view by the data acquisition system. Visual Basic is utilized for data acquisition and MathCad for data processing and analyses. (Y. Kazumata)

Progress in small angle neutron scattering activities in Malaysia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohamed, Abudl Aziz Bin [Industrial Technology Division, Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT) (Indonesia)

2000-10-01

Research activities by use of small angle neutron scattering in Malaysia are briefly reported. Scattered neutron data are displayed in two or three-dimensional isometric view by the data acquisition system. Visual Basic is utilized for data acquisition and MathCad for data processing and analyses. (Y. Kazumata)

Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument at Malaysian TRIGA reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohd, Shukri; Kassim, Razali; Mahmood, Zal Uyun [Malaysian Inst. for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT), Bangi, Kajang (Malaysia); Radiman, Shahidan

1998-10-01

The TRIGA MARK II Research reactor at the Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Research (MINT) was commissioned in July 1982. Since then various works have been performed to utilise the neutrons produced from this steady state reactor. One of the project involved the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). (author)

The neutron small-angle camera D11 at the high-flux reactor, Grenoble

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ibel, K.

1976-01-01

The neutron small-angle scattering system at the high-flux reactor in Grenoble consists of three major parts: the supply of cold neutrons via bent neutron guides; the small-angle camera D11; and the data handling facilities. The camera D11 has an overall length of 80 m. The effective length of the camera is variable. The full length of the collimator before the fixed sample position can be reduced by movable neutron guides; the second flight path of 40 m full length contains detector sites in various positions. Thus a large range of momentum transfers can be used with the same relative resolution. Scattering angles between 5 x 10 -4 and 0.5 rad and neutron wavelengths from 0.2 to 2.0 nm are available. A large-area position-sensitive detector is used which allows simultaneous recording of intensities scattered at different angles; it is a multiwire proportional chamber. 3808 elements of 1 cm 2 are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. (Auth.)

Dynamic theory of neutron diffraction from a moving grating

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bushuev, V. A., E-mail: vabushuev@yandex.ru [Moscow State University (Russian Federation); Frank, A. I.; Kulin, G. V. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russian Federation)

2016-01-15

A multiwave dynamic theory of diffraction of ultracold neutrons from a moving phase grating has been developed in the approximation of coupled slowly varying amplitudes of wavefunctions. The effect of the velocity, period, and height of grooves of the grating, as well as the spectral angular distribution of the intensity of incident neurons, on the discrete energy spectrum and the intensity of diffraction reflections of various orders has been analyzed.

Engineering related neutron diffraction measurements probing strains, texture and microstructure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clausen, Bjorn [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Brown, Donald W [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tome, Carlos N [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balogh, Levente [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Vogel, Sven C [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2010-01-01

Neutron diffraction has been used for engineering applications for nearly three decades. The basis of the technique is powder diffraction following Bragg's Law. From the measured diffraction patterns information about internal, or residual, strain can be deduced from the peak positions, texture information can be extracted from the peak intensities, and finally the peak widths can provide information about the microstructure, e.g. dislocation densities and grain sizes. The strains are measured directly from changes in lattice parameters, however, in many cases it is non-trivial to determine macroscopic values of stress or strain from the measured data. The effects of intergranular strains must be considered, and combining the neutron diffraction measurements with polycrystal deformation modeling has proven invaluable in determining the overall stress and strain values of interest in designing and dimensioning engineering components. Furthelmore, the combined use of measurements and modeling has provided a tool for elucidating basic material properties, such as critical resolved shear stresses for the active deformation modes and their evolution as a function of applied deformation.

Diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants of Inconel 625 at room and elevated temperatures determined by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Zhuqing; Stoica, Alexandru D.; Ma, Dong; Beese, Allison M.

2016-01-01

In this work, diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants of Inconel 625 have been determined by means of in situ loading at room and elevated temperatures using time-of-flight neutron diffraction. Theoretical models proposed by Voigt, Reuss, and Kroner were used to determine single-crystal elastic constants from measured diffraction elastic constants, with the Kroner model having the best ability to capture experimental data. The magnitude of single-crystal elastic moduli, computed from single-crystal elastic constants, decreases and the single crystal anisotropy increases as temperature increases, indicating the importance of texture in affecting macroscopic stress at elevated temperatures. The experimental data reported here are of great importance in understanding additive manufacturing of metallic components as: diffraction elastic constants are required for computing residual stresses from residual lattice strains measured using neutron diffraction, which can be used to validate thermomechanical models of additive manufacturing, while single-crystal elastic constants can be used in crystal plasticity modeling, for example, to understand mechanical deformation behavior of additively manufactured components.

Diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants of Inconel 625 at room and elevated temperatures determined by neutron diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Zhuqing [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Stoica, Alexandru D. [Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Ma, Dong, E-mail: dongma@ornl.gov [Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Beese, Allison M., E-mail: amb961@psu.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States)

2016-09-30

In this work, diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants of Inconel 625 have been determined by means of in situ loading at room and elevated temperatures using time-of-flight neutron diffraction. Theoretical models proposed by Voigt, Reuss, and Kroner were used to determine single-crystal elastic constants from measured diffraction elastic constants, with the Kroner model having the best ability to capture experimental data. The magnitude of single-crystal elastic moduli, computed from single-crystal elastic constants, decreases and the single crystal anisotropy increases as temperature increases, indicating the importance of texture in affecting macroscopic stress at elevated temperatures. The experimental data reported here are of great importance in understanding additive manufacturing of metallic components as: diffraction elastic constants are required for computing residual stresses from residual lattice strains measured using neutron diffraction, which can be used to validate thermomechanical models of additive manufacturing, while single-crystal elastic constants can be used in crystal plasticity modeling, for example, to understand mechanical deformation behavior of additively manufactured components.

Energy–angle correlation of neutrons and gamma-rays emitted from an HEU source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miloshevsky, G., E-mail: gennady@purdue.edu; Hassanein, A.

2014-06-01

Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) yield very unique fission signatures, namely correlated neutrons and gamma-rays. A major challenge is not only to detect, but also to rapidly identify and recognize SNM with certainty. Accounting for particle multiplicity and correlations is one of standard ways to detect SNM. However, many parameter data such as joint distributions of energy, angle, lifetime, and multiplicity of neutrons and gamma-rays can lead to better recognition of SNM signatures in the background radiation noise. These joint distributions are not well understood. The Monte Carlo simulations of the transport of neutrons and gamma-rays produced from spontaneous and interrogation-induced fission of SNM are carried out using the developed MONSOL computer code. The energy spectra of neutrons and gamma-rays from a bare Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) source are investigated. The energy spectrum of gamma-rays shows spectral lines by which HEU isotopes can be identified, while those of neutrons do not show any characteristic lines. The joint probability density function (JPDF) of the energy–angle association of neutrons and gamma-rays is constructed. Marginal probability density functions (MPDFs) of energy and angle are derived from JPDF. A probabilistic model is developed for the analysis of JPDF and MPDFs. This probabilistic model is used to evaluate mean values, standard deviations, covariance and correlation between the energy and angle of neutrons and gamma-rays emitted from the HEU source. For both neutrons and gamma-rays, it is found that the energy–angle variables are only weakly correlated.

Internal strain measurement using pulsed neutron diffraction at LANSCE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldstone, J.A.; Bourke, M.A.M.; Shi, N.

1994-01-01

The presence of residual stress in engineering components can effect their mechanical properties and structural integrity. Neutron diffraction in the only technique that can make nondestructive measurements in the interior of components. By recording the change in crystalline lattice spacings, elastic strains can be measured for individual lattice reflections. Using a pulsed neutron source, all lattice reflections are recorded in each measurement, which allows for easy examination of heterogeneous materials such as metal matrix composites. Measurements made at the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center (LANSCE) demonstrate the potential at pulsed sources for in-situ stress measurements at ambient and elevated temperatures

Directional Wide-Angle Range Finder (DWARF)

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The proposed innovation, the Directional Wide-Angle Range Finder (DWARF) is the creation of a laser range-finder with a wide field-of-view (FOV) and a directional...

Fabrication of vanadium cans for neutron diffraction experiments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chung, Chin man; Baik, Sung Hoon; Park, Sun Kyu

1999-12-01

The laser weld technique of vanadium developed to experiment for neutron diffraction of HANARO. The demands for this laser welding technique were applied to process control in vanadium film welding and to fabricate various sizing vanadium cans. The vanadium can had a advantage to have less coherent in neutron. KAERI developed the fabrication jig of 6-12 mm diameter cans using 0.125 mm vanadium thin film, and investigated the laser welding procedure for making the various diameter and length of vanadium cans using the fabricated jigs and Nd:YAG laser. (author)

Small-angle neutron scattering in materials science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fratzl, P.

1999-01-01

Small-angle scattering (SAS) in an ideal tool for studying the structure of materials in the mesoscopic size range between 1 and about 100 nanometers. The basic principles of the method are reviewed, with particular emphasis on data evaluation and interpretation for isotropic as well as oriented or single-crystalline materials. Examples include metal alloys, composites and porous materials. The last section gives a comparison between the use of neutrons and (synchrotron) x-rays for small-angle scattering in materials physics. (author)

Polarised neutron diffraction studies on weak ferromagnetism - a survey

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radhakrishna, P.

1982-10-01

The physical basis of the phenomenon of weak ferromagnetism in certain antiferromagnetic insulators is briefly discussed. A survey of the contributions of polarised neutron diffraction towards the elucidation of different aspects of this field is presented

Magnetostructural transition in Fe5SiB2 observed with neutron diffraction

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cedervall, J.; Kontos, S.; Hansen, T. C.; Balmes, O.; Martinez-Casado, F. J.; Matěj, Z.; Beran, Přemysl; Svedlindh, P.; Gunnarsson, K.; Sahlberg, M.

2016-01-01

Roč. 235, MAR (2016), s. 113-118 ISSN 0022-4596 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : magnetism * X-ray diffraction * neutron diffraction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.299, year: 2016

Microstructural characterization of dental zinc phosphate cements using combined small angle neutron scattering and microfocus X-ray computed tomography

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Viani, Alberto; Sotiriadis, Konstantinos; Kumpová, Ivana; Mancini, L.; Appavou, M.-S.

2017-01-01

Roč. 33, č. 4 (2017), s. 402-417 ISSN 0109-5641 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LO1219 Keywords : zinc phosphate cements * small angle neutron scattering * X-ray micro-computed tomography * X-ray powder diffraction * zinc oxide * acid-base cements Subject RIV: JJ - Other Materials OBOR OECD: Composites (including laminates, reinforced plastics, cermets, combined natural and synthetic fibre fabrics Impact factor: 4.070, year: 2016 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0109564116305127

40-Tesla pulsed-field cryomagnet for single crystal neutron diffraction

Science.gov (United States)

Duc, F.; Tonon, X.; Billette, J.; Rollet, B.; Knafo, W.; Bourdarot, F.; Béard, J.; Mantegazza, F.; Longuet, B.; Lorenzo, J. E.; Lelièvre-Berna, E.; Frings, P.; Regnault, L.-P.

2018-05-01

We present the first long-duration and high duty cycle 40-T pulsed-field cryomagnet addressed to single crystal neutron diffraction experiments at temperatures down to 2 K. The magnet produces a horizontal field in a bi-conical geometry, ±15° and ±30° upstream and downstream of the sample, respectively. Using a 1.15 MJ mobile generator, magnetic field pulses of 100 ms length are generated in the magnet, with a rise time of 23 ms and a repetition rate of 6-7 pulses per hour at 40 T. The setup was validated for neutron diffraction on the CEA-CRG three-axis spectrometer IN22 at the Institut Laue Langevin.

Preferred orientations in niobium determined by neutrons diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueno, S.I.N.

1979-01-01

Neutron diffraction has been utilized to study textures developed in polycrystalline niobium, cold rolled to 60%, 80% and 95% in tickness and cold rolled to 95% in thickness and annealed at 800 0 C for 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes in a vacuum of 10 -4 TORR [pt

Magnetic structures: neutron diffraction studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bouree-Vigneron, F.

1990-01-01

Neutron diffraction is often an unequivocal method for determining magnetic structures. Here we present some typical examples, stressing the sequence through experiments, data analysis, interpretation and modelisation. Two series of compounds are chosen: Tb Ni 2 Ge 2 and RBe 13 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er). Depending on the nature of the elements, the magnetic structures produced can be commensurate, incommensurate or even show a transition between two such phases as a function of temperature. A model, taking magnetic exchange and anisotropy into account, will be presented in the case of commensurate-incommensurate magnetic transitions in RBe 13

Characterization of a polychromatic neutron beam diffracted by pyrolytic graphite crystals

CERN Document Server

Byun, S H; Choi, H D

2002-01-01

The beam spectrum for polychromatic neutrons diffracted by pyrolytic graphite crystals was characterized. The theoretical beam spectrum was obtained using the diffraction model for a mosaic crystal. The lattice vibration effects were included in the calculation using the reported vibration amplitude of the crystal and the measured time-of-flight spectra in the thermal region. The calculated beam spectrum was compared with the results obtained in the absence of thermal motion. The lattice vibration effects became more important for the higher diffraction orders and a large decrease in the neutron flux induced by the vibrations was identified in the epithermal region. The validity of the beam spectrum was estimated by comparing with the effective quantities determined from prompt gamma-ray measurements and Cd-ratios measured both for 1/nu and non-1/nu nuclides.

XRD and neutron diffraction analyses of heat treated U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nam, Ji Min; Kim, Woo Jeong; Ryu, Ho Jin; Lee, Kyu Hong; Park, Jong Man [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2012-10-15

High density U Mo alloys are regarded as promising candidates for advanced research reactor fuel because they have shown stable irradiation performance when compared to other uranium alloys and compounds. However, interaction layer formation between the U Mo alloys and Al matrix degrades the irradiation performance of U Mo dispersion fuel. Therefore, addition of Ti in U Mo alloys, addition of Si in Al matrix and silicide or nitride coating on the surface of U Mo particles have been proposed in order to inhibit the interaction layer growth. In order to analyze the mechanisms of interaction layer growth inhibition by adding Ti in U Mo alloys or Si in Al matrix, accurate phase characterization of the interaction layers is required. While previous studies using X ray diffraction have been reported, laboratory X ray diffraction method has limitations such as low resolution and small measurement volume. Neutron diffraction method can be a more accurate analysis when compared with X ray diffraction method due to the large penetration depth of neutron. In this study, X ray diffraction and neutron diffraction experiments have been performed by using the laboratory X ray diffractometer and high resolution powder diffractometer (HRPD) of the HANARO research reactor in KAERI.

Magnetic particles studied with neutron depolarization and small-angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosman, R.

1991-01-01

Materials containing magnetic single-domain particles, referred to as 'particulate media', have been studied using neutron depolarization (ND) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In a ND experiment the polarization vector of a polarized neutron beam is analyzed after transmission through a magnetic medium. Such an analysis in general yields the correlation length of variations in magnetic induction along the neutron path (denoted 'magnetic correlation length'), mean orientation of these variations and mean magnetic induction. In a SANS experiment, information about nuclear and magnetic inhomogeneities in the medium is derived from the broadening of a generally unpolarized neutron beam due to scattering by these inhomogeneities. Spatial and magnetic microstructure of a variety of particulate media have been studied using ND and/or SANS, by determination of the magnetic or nuclear correlation length in these media in various magnetic states. This thesis deals with the ND theory and its application to particulate media. ND and SANS experiments on a variety of particulate media are discussed. (author). 178 refs., 97 figs., 8 tabs

Crystal structure solution of hydrides containing natEu from neutron powder diffraction data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kohlmann, H.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. The location of hydrogen in crystal structures of metal hydrides usually requires neutron diffraction data. Some elements, however, show excessively high absorption cross sections, σ a , for neutrons, thus making this technique seemingly impractical. Therefore no complete, refined crystal structure data of europium hydrides (σ a ( nat Eu) = .4530 barns at λ = 179.8 pm [1]) have been reported so far. It is shown that the absorption can be reduced to a value reasonable for neutron diffraction experiments by taking advantage of the wavelength dependence of σ a combined with the use of annular samples at advanced diffractometers. Neutron powder diffraction data on several nat Eu containing deuterides suitable for the ab initio crystal structure solution and refinement have been taken at D20 and D4 (ILL, Grenoble). The crystal chemistry of these europium hydrides, among them the two new compounds EuMg 2 H 6 and EuMgH 4 [2], is discussed. (author) [1] V.F. Sears, Neutron News 1992, 3, 26-37.; [2] H. Kohlmann, F. Gingl, T. Hansen, K. Yvon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 1999, 38, accepted

A single-layer wide-angle negative-index metamaterial at visible frequencies.

Science.gov (United States)

Burgos, Stanley P; de Waele, Rene; Polman, Albert; Atwater, Harry A

2010-05-01

Metamaterials are materials with artificial electromagnetic properties defined by their sub-wavelength structure rather than their chemical composition. Negative-index materials (NIMs) are a special class of metamaterials characterized by an effective negative index that gives rise to such unusual wave behaviour as backwards phase propagation and negative refraction. These extraordinary properties lead to many interesting functions such as sub-diffraction imaging and invisibility cloaking. So far, NIMs have been realized through layering of resonant structures, such as split-ring resonators, and have been demonstrated at microwave to infrared frequencies over a narrow range of angles-of-incidence and polarization. However, resonant-element NIM designs suffer from the limitations of not being scalable to operate at visible frequencies because of intrinsic fabrication limitations, require multiple functional layers to achieve strong scattering and have refractive indices that are highly dependent on angle of incidence and polarization. Here we report a metamaterial composed of a single layer of coupled plasmonic coaxial waveguides that exhibits an effective refractive index of -2 in the blue spectral region with a figure-of-merit larger than 8. The resulting NIM refractive index is insensitive to both polarization and angle-of-incidence over a +/-50 degree angular range, yielding a wide-angle NIM at visible frequencies.

Neutron diffraction studies of magnetic materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

James, W.J.

1987-01-01

The ability of neutron diffraction in determining the nature and extent of magnetic ordering is illustrated for the intermetallic compounds, Y/sub 6/(Fe,Mn)/sub 23/ and ErFe/sub 3/. Substitution with other 3d transition metals influences the Fe-Fe exchange forces such as to alter, sometimes considerably, the magnetic properties, e.g., local site magnetic anisotropies in Er)Fe,Ni)/sub 3/ and thermal expansion anomalies in the R/sub 2/)Fe,Co)/sub 14/B compounds. When the 3d atoms are near neighbors in the periodic chart, their nuclear scattering lengths for neutrons are sufficiently different to permit the detection of preferential occupation of the several nonequivalent crystallographic 3d metal sites, i.e., atomic ordering, present in the R/sub 6/M/sub 23/, and R/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B structures

Neutron and X-ray diffraction from modulated structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harris, P.

1994-07-01

This thesis describes X-ray and neutron scattering experiments performed on two examples of modulated structures. After an introduction to the subject of modulated structures, the thesis is divided in three parts. A single crystal elastic neutron scattering experiment between 4.2 and 115 Κ has been performed and four-circle X-ray data have been collected at 8 Κ for the monoclinic low-temperature phase of the layered perovskite PAMC. The results from the neutron scattering experiment indicate that magnetoelastic effects influence the ordering of the crystal. The X-ray experiments have made it possible to determine the crystal structure in the low-temperature phase. The superspace group is P2 1 /b(β-30)Os, with β = 1/3. A small-angle neutron scattering experiment has been performed on the magnetic structure of manganese silicide. When a magnetic field is applied, the modulation vectors turn towards the field direction, showing domain growth and diverging peak widths as they approach the field direction. Phase 'A' is established to have the modulation vectors directed perpendicular to the field direction. Cooling in zero field shows increasing peak widths at low temperatures, indicating a lock-in transition below the lowest reached temperature. To be able to analyse the data of the magnetic order in MnSi, and analytical calculation of the three dimensional resolution function for a small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer has been performed. The calculation is done by application of a combination of phase space analysis and Gaussian approximations for the neutron distribution as well as for the transmission functions of the different apertures. A finite mosaic spread of the crystal and finite correlation widths of the Bragg reflections have been included in the cross section. (au) (3 tabs., 48 ills., 100 refs.)

Spin-Echo Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Uca, O.

2003-01-01

Spin-Echo Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SESANS) instrument is a novel SANS technique which enables one to characterize distances from a few nanometers up to the micron range. The most striking difference between normal SANS and SESANS is that in SESANS one gets information in real space, whereas

Crystallization of porcine pancreatic elastase and a preliminary neutron diffraction experiment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kinoshita, Takayoshi [Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 (Japan); Tamada, Taro [Molecular Structural Biology Group, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Imai, Keisuke [Lead Discovery Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585 (Japan); Kurihara, Kazuo; Ohhara, Takashi [Molecular Structural Biology Group, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Tada, Toshiji [Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 (Japan); Kuroki, Ryota, E-mail: kuroki.ryota@jaea.go.jp [Molecular Structural Biology Group, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 (Japan)

2007-04-01

To investigate the structural characteristics of a covalent inhibitor bound to porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), including H atoms and hydration by water, a crystal of porcine pancreatic elastase with its inhibitor was grown to a size of 1.6 mm{sup 3} for neutron diffraction study. The crystal diffracted to 2.3 Å resolution with sufficient quality for further structure determination owing to the similar atomic scattering properties of deuterium and carbon. Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) resembles the attractive drug target leukocyte elastase, which has been implicated in a number of inflammatory disorders. In order to investigate the structural characteristics of a covalent inhibitor bound to PPE, including H atoms and the hydration by water, a single crystal of PPE for neutron diffraction study was grown in D{sub 2}O containing 0.2 M sodium sulfate (pD 5.0) using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystal was grown to a size of 1.6 mm{sup 3} by repeated macroseeding. Neutron diffraction data were collected at room temperature using a BIX-3 diffractometer at the JRR-3 research reactor of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The data set was integrated and scaled to 2.3 Å resolution in space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1}, with unit-cell parameters a = 51.2, b = 57.8, c = 75.6 Å.

Neutron elastic scattering at very small angles

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

This experiment will measure neutron-proton elastic scattering at very small angles and hence very small four-momentum transfer, |t|. The range of |t| depends on the incident neutron momentum of the events but the geometrical acceptance will cover the angular range 0.025 < $\\Theta_{lab}$ < 1.9 mrad. The higher figure could be extended to 8.4 mrad by changing the geometry of the experiment in a later phase. \\\\ \\\\ The neutron beam will be highly collimated and will be derived from a 400 GeV external proton beam of up to $4 \\times 10^{10}$ protons per pulse in the SPS North Area Hall 1. The hydrogen target will be gaseous, operating at 40 atm. pressure and acts as a multiwire proportional chamber to detect the recoil protons. The forward neutron will be detected and located by interaction in a neutron vertex detector and its energy measured by a conventional steel plate calorimeter. \\\\ \\\\ The experiment will cover the angular region of nucleon-nucleon scattering which is dominated by Coulomb scattering ...

High-resolution neutron-diffraction measurements to 8 kbar

Science.gov (United States)

Bull, C. L.; Fortes, A. D.; Ridley, C. J.; Wood, I. G.; Dobson, D. P.; Funnell, N. P.; Gibbs, A. S.; Goodway, C. M.; Sadykov, R.; Knight, K. S.

2017-10-01

We describe the capability to measure high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data to a pressure of at least 8 kbar. We have used the HRPD instrument at the ISIS neutron source and a piston-cylinder design of pressure cell machined from a null-scattering titanium zirconium alloy. Data were collected under hydrostatic conditions from an elpasolite perovskite La?NiMnO?; by virtue of a thinner cell wall on the incident-beam side of the cell, it was possible to obtain data in the instrument's highest resolution back-scattering detector banks up to a maximum pressure of 8.5 kbar.

On the neutron diffraction in a crystal in the field of a standing laser wave

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grigoryan, K.K.; Hayrapetyan, A.G.; Petrosyan, R.G.

2010-01-01

The possibility of high-energy neutron diffraction in a crystal is shown by applying the solution of time-dependent Schroedinger equation for a neutron in the field of a standing laser wave. The scattering picture is examined within the framework of non-stationary S-matrix theory, where the neutron-laser field interaction is considered exactly and the neutron-crystal interaction is considered as a perturbation described by Fermi pseudopotential (Farri representation). The neutron-crystal interaction is elastic, and the neutron-laser field interaction has both inelastic and elastic behaviors which results in the observation of an analogous to the Kapitza-Dirac effect for neutrons. The neutron scattering probability is calculated and the analysis of the results are adduced. Both inelastic and elastic diffraction conditions are obtained and the formation of a 'sublattice' is illustrated in the process of neutron-photon-phonon elastic interaction.

Profile analysis of neutron powder diffraction data at ISIS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

David, W.I.F.; Ibberson, R.M.; Matthewman, J.C.

1992-05-01

The aim of this manual is to document the current suite of time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction profile refinement programs available to ISIS users. Aspects of data collation and normalisation specific to the individual diffraction instruments are dealt with elsewhere. It will be assumed the user has produced a suitable data file (.DAT file) containing the profile data consisting of point by point values of the corrected diffraction profile across the pattern. The analysis of neutron powder diffraction data at ISIS by profile refinement utilises a suite of ''in-house'' written and supported programs based on the Cambridge Crystallography Subroutine Library (CCSL). A quick scan through the CCSL manual will give the user a general feel for the procedure to adopt in the use of the library and hence of the profile codes. The instructions documented in this handbook are complementary to those in the more specialist CCSL manual, and consequently go into no great detail regarding technical details of any of the CCSL routines. The programs may be run from each individual user account, for example [USER01], once the appropriate login procedure has been set-up by the instrument scientists. The programs are mostly activated by one line commands and only a basic knowledge of a VAX editor should be required; details can be found in the ''VAX primer'' available from Computer Support. (Author)

Wide angle isotope separator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kantrowitz, A.

1976-01-01

A method and apparatus is described for particle separation. The method uses a wide angle radially expanding vapor of a particle mixture. In particular, selective ionization of one isotope type in the particle mixture is produced in a multichamber separator and the ionized isotope type is accelerated out of the path of the vapor expansion for separate collection

Six-axis multi-anvil press for high-pressure, high-temperature neutron diffraction experiments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sano-Furukawa, A., E-mail: sano.asami@jaea.go.jp; Hattori, T. [Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Arima, H. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Yamada, A. [The University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga 522-8533 (Japan); Tabata, S.; Kondo, M.; Nakamura, A. [Sumitomo Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Ehime 792-0001 (Japan); Kagi, H.; Yagi, T. [Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)

2014-11-15

We developed a six-axis multi-anvil press, ATSUHIME, for high-pressure and high-temperature in situ time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction experiments. The press has six orthogonally oriented hydraulic rams that operate individually to compress a cubic sample assembly. Experiments indicate that the press can generate pressures up to 9.3 GPa and temperatures up to 2000 K using a 6-6-type cell assembly, with available sample volume of about 50 mm{sup 3}. Using a 6-8-type cell assembly, the available conditions expand to 16 GPa and 1273 K. Because the six-axis press has no guide blocks, there is sufficient space around the sample to use the aperture for diffraction and place an incident slit, radial collimators, and a neutron imaging camera close to the sample. Combination of the six-axis press and the collimation devices realized high-quality diffraction pattern with no contamination from the heater or the sample container surrounding the sample. This press constitutes a new tool for using neutron diffraction to study the structures of crystals and liquids under high pressures and temperatures.

Molecular structure and correlations in liquid D-2-propanol through neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahoo, A.; Sarkar, S.; Joarder, R.N.; Krishna, P.S.R.

2003-01-01

Like t-butanol, 2-propanol molecules are quite big with substantial amount of asymmetry in the structure and so the analysis of the neutron diffraction data is tricky. A modified method of analysis, similar to one for liquid t-butanol, enables extraction of the detailed molecular conformation and intermolecular correlations through neutron diffraction. The pre-peak in the structure function, a signature of chain molecular association together with partially identified inter-molecular correlations yield some information about the nature of possible H-bonded molecular clusters in the liquid state. (author)

Small-angle neutron scattering technique in liquid crystal studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahidan Radiman

2005-01-01

The following topics discussed: general principles of SAS (Small-angle Neutron Scattering), liquid crystals, nanoparticle templating on liquid crystals, examples of SAS results, prospects of this studies

In-situ neutron diffraction study of Zircaloy 4 subjected to biaxial tension

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gharghouri, M.A. [Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON (Canada); McDonald, D.; Xiao, L. [Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON (Canada)

2014-07-01

Zircaloy-4 is widely used as fuel element cladding in nuclear reactors. Pellet-clad interaction (PCI) failure is a concern for many water reactor fuel designs. Extensive work on the mechanism of PCI failure has led to the conclusion that stress corrosion cracking (SCC) induced by iodine vapour in the temperature range relevant to fuel operation is the most probable cause of PCI failure in zirconium alloy fuel element cladding. In-situ neutron diffraction measurements performed on tubular Zircaloy-4 specimens simultaneously pulled in tension and pressurized internally will provide information on the effects of stress biaxiality on the distribution of stresses at the crystal level during loading. (author)

Applications of thermal neutron scattering in biology, biochemistry and biophysics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Worcester, D.L.

1977-01-01

Biological applications of thermal neutron scattering have increased rapidly in recent years. The following categories of biological research with thermal neutron scattering are presently identified: crystallography of biological molecules; neutron small-angle scattering of biological molecules in solution (these studies have already included numerous measurements of proteins, lippoproteins, viruses, ribosomal subunits and chromatin subunit particles); neutron small-angle diffraction and scattering from biological membranes and membrane components; and neutron quasielastic and inelastic scattering studies of the dynamic properties of biological molecules and materials. (author)

Neutron diffraction on a large block mosaic crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim Chir Sen; Nitts, V.V.

1985-01-01

The neutron diffraction by the mosaic single crystal with size of crystallites sufficient to achieve the primary extinction saturation is considered. Two cases where the proportionality between the reflection intensity and the structure amplitude is performed are analysed. Such a dependence is convenient for structure investigations. The difficulties connected with the accounting of the extinction are eliminated considerably

Extracting quantitative structural parameters for disordered polymers from neutron scattering data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosi-Schwartz, B.; Mitchell, G.R.

1995-01-01

The organization of non-crystalline polymeric materials at a local level, namely on a spatial scale between a few and 100 A, is still unclear in many respects. The determination of the local structure in terms of the configuration and conformation of the polymer chain and of the packing characteristics of the chain in the bulk material represents a challenging problem. Data from wide-angle diffraction experiments are very difficult to interpret due to the very large amount of information that they carry, that is the large number of correlations present in the diffraction patterns.We describe new approaches that permit a detailed analysis of the complex neutron diffraction patterns characterizing polymer melts and glasses. The coupling of different computer modelling strategies with neutron scattering data over a wide Q range allows the extraction of detailed quantitative information on the structural arrangements of the materials of interest. Proceeding from modelling routes as diverse as force field calculations, single-chain modelling and reverse Monte Carlo, we show the successes and pitfalls of each approach in describing model systems, which illustrate the need to attack the data analysis problem simultaneously from several fronts. ((orig.))

A review on the study of polymer properties by Small Angle Neutron Scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seong, Baek Seok; Lee, Chang Hee; Sim, Hae Seop; Lee, Jung Sool; Kim, Hong Doo; Kim, Eu Gene; Cha, Kuk Heon

1998-05-01

This report contains concept of small angle neutron scattering , various design features and considerations of the small angle neutron spectrometer at HANARO, and recent trends of polymer studies by using this SANS technique with the installation of the spectrometer in near future. We, therefore, wish to review feasibility of small angle studies for polymer field at this spectrometer and to help possible beam time users for their experimental consideration. (author). 23 refs., 7 tabs., 23 figs

Residual stress measurements by means of neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pintschovius, L.; Jung, V.; Macherauch, E.; Voehringer, O.

1983-01-01

A new method for the analysis of multiaxial residual stress states is presented, which is based on high resolution neutron diffraction. It is analogous to X-ray stress analysis, but the use of neutrons instead of X-rays allows the analysis of the stress distributions also in the interior of technical components in a non-destructive way. To prove the feasibility of the method, investigations of the loading stress distributions of an aluminium bar subjected to purely elastic bending were performed. Limiting factors due to the volume of the internal probe region and the sample thickness are discussed. Complete neutron residual stress analyses were carried out for a plastically deformed bending bar and a transformation-free water-quenched steel cylinder. The results are in fairly good agreement with theoretical expectations and with X-ray control measurements at the surface of the objects. (Auth.)

A preliminary neutron diffraction study of rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase enzyme, complexed with 8-azaxanthin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Budayova-Spano, Monika, E-mail: spano@embl-grenoble.fr [European Molecular Biology Laboratory Grenoble Outstation, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble (France); Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble (France); Bonneté, Françoise; Ferté, Natalie [Centre de Recherche en Matière Condensée et Nanosciences, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille (France); El Hajji, Mohamed [Sanofi-Aventis, 371 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier (France); Meilleur, Flora [Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble (France); Blakeley, Matthew Paul [European Molecular Biology Laboratory Grenoble Outstation, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble (France); Castro, Bertrand [Sanofi-Aventis, 371 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier (France); European Molecular Biology Laboratory Grenoble Outstation, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble (France)

2006-03-01

Neutron diffraction data of hydrogenated recombinant urate oxidase enzyme (Rasburicase), complexed with a purine-type inhibitor 8-azaxanthin, was collected to 2.1 Å resolution from a crystal grown in D{sub 2}O by careful control and optimization of crystallization conditions via knowledge of the phase diagram. Deuterium atoms were clearly seen in the neutron-scattering density map. Crystallization and preliminary neutron diffraction measurements of rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase enzyme expressed by a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, complexed with a purine-type inhibitor (8-azaxanthin) are reported. Neutron Laue diffraction data were collected to 2.1 Å resolution using the LADI instrument from a crystal (grown in D{sub 2}O) with volume 1.8 mm{sup 3}. The aim of this neutron diffraction study is to determine the protonation states of the inhibitor and residues within the active site. This will lead to improved comprehension of the enzymatic mechanism of this important enzyme, which is used as a protein drug to reduce toxic uric acid accumulation during chemotherapy. This paper illustrates the high quality of the neutron diffraction data collected, which are suitable for high-resolution structural analysis. In comparison with other neutron protein crystallography studies to date in which a hydrogenated protein has been used, the volume of the crystal was relatively small and yet the data still extend to high resolution. Furthermore, urate oxidase has one of the largest primitive unit-cell volumes (space group I222, unit-cell parameters a = 80, b = 96, c = 106 Å) and molecular weights (135 kDa for the homotetramer) so far successfully studied with neutrons.

A Wide Spectrum Neutron Polarizer for a Pulsed Neutron Source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikitenko, Yu.V.

1994-01-01

A wide spectrum neutron polarizer for a pulsed neutron source is considered. The polarizer is made in a form of a set of magnetized mirrors placed on a drum. Homogeneous rotation of the polarizer is synchronized with the power pulses of the neutron source. The polarizer may be utilized in a collimated neutron beam with cross section of the order of magnitude of 100 cm 2 within a wavelength from 2 up to 20 A on sources with a pulse repetition frequency up to 50 Hz. (author). 5 refs.; 3 figs

Small angles X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer characterization of ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The effect of thermal annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of crystalline Tb/Fe multilayers has been studied using conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry and small-angle X-ray diffraction. The growth of Tb–Fe amorphous alloy from the interface is observed with increasing annealing temperature.

Low-angle polarized neutron and X-ray scattering from magnetic nanolayers and nanostructures

CERN Document Server

Paul, Amitesh

2017-01-01

This research monograph presents the latest results related to the characterization of low dimensional systems. Low-angle polarized neutron scattering and X-ray scattering at grazing incidence are used as the two main techniques to explore various physical phenomena of these systems. Special focus is put on systems like thin film transition metal and rare-earth layers, oxide heterostructures, hybrid systems, self-assembled nanostructures and self-diffusion.  Readers will gain in-depth knowledge about the usage of specular scattering and off-specular scattering techniques. Investigation of in-plane and out-of-plane structures and magnetism with vector magnetometric information is illustrated comprehensively. The book caters to a wide audience working in the field of nano-dimensional magnetic systems and the neutron and X-ray reflectometry community in particular.

Neutron magnetic multiple diffraction in a natural magnetite crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazzocchi, V.L.; Parente, C.B.R.

1988-09-01

Neutron multiple diffraction has been employed in the study of the magnetism in magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). Magnetite has a crystallographic structure of an inverted spinel with tetrahedral A sites occupied solely by trivalent Fe 3+ ions and octahedral B sites occupied both by divalent Fe 2+ ions and the remaining Fe 3+ ions in random distribution. At room temperature magnetite is a Neel A-B ferrimagnet where the ions on the A, B sites are coupled antiferromagneticaly. This coupling disappears at T sup c approx. or approx.= 580 0 C. Employing a natural single crystal of magnetite experimental neutron multiple diffraction patterns were obtained for the primary reflection 111 at room temperature and 703 0 C. This reflection is almost entirely magnetic in origin resulting in 'Aufhellung' patterns below T c and mixed 'Aufhellung-Umweganregung' patterns above T c . Theoretical patterns were calculated employing the iterative method for the approximation of intensities by a Taylor series and compared to the experimental results. (author) [pt

A simple three dimensional wide-angle beam propagation method

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Changbao; van Keuren, Edward

2006-05-01

The development of three dimensional (3-D) waveguide structures for chip scale planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) is hampered by the lack of effective 3-D wide-angle (WA) beam propagation methods (BPMs). We present a simple 3-D wide-angle beam propagation method (WA-BPM) using Hoekstra’s scheme along with a new 3-D wave equation splitting method. The applicability, accuracy and effectiveness of our method are demonstrated by applying it to simulations of wide-angle beam propagation and comparing them with analytical solutions.

Applicability of the two-angle differential method to response measurement of neutron-sensitive devices at the RCNP high-energy neutron facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masuda, Akihiko, E-mail: aki-masuda@aist.go.jp [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan); Matsumoto, Tetsuro [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan); Iwamoto, Yosuke [Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Hagiwara, Masayuki [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Satoh, Daiki; Sato, Tatsuhiko [Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Iwase, Hiroshi [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Yashima, Hiroshi [Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494 (Japan); Nakane, Yoshihiro [Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Nishiyama, Jun [Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550 (Japan); Shima, Tatsushi; Tamii, Atsushi; Hatanaka, Kichiji [Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan); Harano, Hideki [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan); Nakamura, Takashi [Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 (Japan)

2017-03-21

Quasi-monoenergetic high-energy neutron fields induced by {sup 7}Li(p,n) reactions are used for the response evaluation of neutron-sensitive devices. The quasi-monoenergetic high-energy field consists of high-energy monoenergetic peak neutrons and unwanted continuum neutrons down to the low-energy region. A two-angle differential method has been developed to compensate for the effect of the continuum neutrons in the response measurements. In this study, the two-angle differential method was demonstrated for Bonner sphere detectors, which are typical examples of moderator-based neutron-sensitive detectors, to investigate the method's applicability and its dependence on detector characteristics. Experiments were performed under 96–387 MeV quasi-monoenergetic high-energy neutron fields at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. The measurement results for large high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sphere detectors agreed well with Monte Carlo calculations, which verified the adequacy of the two-angle differential method. By contrast, discrepancies were observed in the results for small HDPE sphere detectors and metal-induced sphere detectors. The former indicated that detectors that are particularly sensitive to low-energy neutrons may be affected by penetrating neutrons owing to the geometrical features of the RCNP facility. The latter discrepancy could be consistently explained by a problem in the evaluated cross-section data for the metals used in the calculation. Through those discussions, the adequacy of the two-angle differential method was experimentally verified, and practical suggestions were made pertaining to this method.

Experimental technique of small angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia Qingzhong; Chen Bo

2006-03-01

The main parts of Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) spectrometer, and their function and different parameters are introduced from experimental aspect. Detailed information is also introduced for SANS spectrometer 'Membrana-2'. Based on practical experiments, the fundamental requirements and working condition for SANS experiments, including sample preparation, detector calibration, standard sample selection and data preliminary process are described. (authors)

Small-angle neutron scattering from colloidal dispersions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ottewill, R.H.

1991-01-01

A survey is given of recent work on the use of small-angle neutron scattering to examine colloidal dispersions. Particular attention is given to the determination of particle size and polydispersity, the determination of particle morphology and the behaviour of concentrated colloidal dispersions, both at rest and under the influence of an applied shear field. (orig.)

Small angles X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer characterization of ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. The effect of thermal annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of crystalline Tb/Fe multilayers has been studied using conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry and small-angle X-ray diffraction. The growth of Tb–Fe amorphous alloy from the interface is observed with increasing annealing ...

Locations of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon atoms in vanadium determined by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hiraga, K.; Onozuka, T.; Hirabayashi, M.

1977-01-01

The occupation sites of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms dissolved interstitially in vanadium have been determined by means of neutron diffraction with use of single crystals of VOsub(0.032), VNsub(0.013) and VCsub(0.006). It is revealed that the interstitial atoms occupy, randomly, the octahedral sites in the b.c.c. host lattice of the three crystals. Neutron diffraction is advantageous for the present purpose, since the coherent scattering amplitudes of the solute atoms are much larger than that of the vanadium atom. (Auth.)

Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on advanced time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lawson, A.C.; Smith, K.

1986-09-01

This report contains abstracts of talks and summaries of discussions from a small workshop held to discuss the future of time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and its implementation at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center. 47 refs., 3 figs

Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on advanced time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lawson, A.C.; Smith, K. (comps.)

1986-09-01

This report contains abstracts of talks and summaries of discussions from a small workshop held to discuss the future of time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and its implementation at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center. 47 refs., 3 figs.

Design Principle of A Small Angle Neutron Scattering Spectrometer. Vol. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ashry, A [Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo (Egypt)

1996-03-01

The design principle of a small angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometer is based on producing monochromatic neutron bursts using two phased rotors. The rotors have a number of slots to achieve the highly available intensity of monoenergetic neutrons at the required resolution. The design principle was applied to improve the performance of the pulsed monochromatic double rotor system at ET-RR-1 to operate as SANS spectrometer. It is shown that for rotors having 19 slots each with radius of curvature 96.8 cm, the intensity gain factor is 13. The proposed SANS spectrometer could cover the neutron wavelength range from 2 A{sup {omicron}} up to 6 A{sup {omicron}} through small angles of scattering from 5 x 10{sup -3} rad. to 0.1 rad. i.e, the scattering wavevector transfer between 0.6 A{sup {omicron}-1} and 0.01 A{sup {omicron}-1}. The maximum neutron flux density on the specimen is 5 x 10{sup 5} n cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}. 8 figs.

The application of X-ray, γ-ray and neutron diffraction to the characterization of single crystal perfection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freund, A.; Schneider, J.R.

1976-01-01

The work is divided into the following three chapters: 1) diffraction by perfect and imperfect crystals, 2) experimental apparatus (describing gamma ray, X-ray and neutron diffractometers), 3) application of diffraction methods to the development of neutron monochromators. (WBU) [de

Determination of the zero in the Two theta angle and the wavelength in the neutron diffractometer for the Cyber computer of the ININ and for the IBM compatible microcomputers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macias B, L.R.

1991-05-01

The objective of this work consists on determining the calibration in the angular parameters and the neutron wavelength used in the neutron diffractometer of the TRIGA Mark III reactor, through some readings in that a well-known sample is used by means of a Fortran computer program that is used in the CYBER computer of the ININ in Mexico, and/or in micro computers compatible with IBM. The program was also designed to determine the zero of the 2 θ angle of the goniometer of the diffractometer. The generated data were proven by means of well-known data of the Powder Diffraction File of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). (Author)

Small-angle neutron scattering studies of sodium butyl benzene

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Na-NBBS), in aqueous solutions is investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Nearly ellipsoidal aggregates of Na-NBBS at concentrations well above its minimum hydrotrope concentration were detected by SANS. The hydrotrope ...

Single-crystal neutron diffraction studies of hydrogen-bonded systems: Two recent examples from IPNS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koetzle, Thomas F. [IPNS Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States)], E-mail: tkoetzle@anl.gov; Piccoli, Paula M.B.; Schultz, Arthur J. [IPNS Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States)

2009-02-21

Beginning with work in the 1950s at the first generation of research reactors, studies of hydrogen-bonded systems have been a prime application for single-crystal neutron diffraction. The range of systems studied was extended in the 1960s and 1970s, with the advent of high flux reactor sources, and beginning around 1980 studies at pulsed neutron sources have made increasingly important contributions. Recently at the Argonne Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), working with collaborators, we completed two studies of hydrogen-bonded systems that will serve to illustrate topics of current interest. In the first study, on andrographolide, an active diterpenoid natural product, our neutron diffraction results definitively characterize the hydrogen-bonding interactions. The second IPNS study is on tetraacetylethane (TAE), a {beta}-diketone enol system with a very short, strong intramolecular O-H...O hydrogen bond. At IPNS, we have determined the neutron crystal structure of TAE at five temperatures between 20 and 298 K to investigate changes in the structure with temperature and to probe for disorder. Despite the successes illustrated by the two examples presented here and by many other studies, at present applications of single-crystal neutron diffraction continue to be extremely flux limited and constrained by the requirement for mm-size crystals for many problems. These limitations are being addressed through the realization of powerful instruments at a new generation of pulsed neutron sources, including in the USA the TOPAZ and MaNDi single-crystal diffractometers that are under development at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)

Single-crystal neutron diffraction studies of hydrogen-bonded systems: Two recent examples from IPNS

Science.gov (United States)

Koetzle, Thomas F.; Piccoli, Paula M. B.; Schultz, Arthur J.

2009-02-01

Beginning with work in the 1950s at the first generation of research reactors, studies of hydrogen-bonded systems have been a prime application for single-crystal neutron diffraction. The range of systems studied was extended in the 1960s and 1970s, with the advent of high flux reactor sources, and beginning around 1980 studies at pulsed neutron sources have made increasingly important contributions. Recently at the Argonne Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), working with collaborators, we completed two studies of hydrogen-bonded systems that will serve to illustrate topics of current interest. In the first study, on andrographolide, an active diterpenoid natural product, our neutron diffraction results definitively characterize the hydrogen-bonding interactions. The second IPNS study is on tetraacetylethane (TAE), a β-diketone enol system with a very short, strong intramolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. At IPNS, we have determined the neutron crystal structure of TAE at five temperatures between 20 and 298 K to investigate changes in the structure with temperature and to probe for disorder. Despite the successes illustrated by the two examples presented here and by many other studies, at present applications of single-crystal neutron diffraction continue to be extremely flux limited and constrained by the requirement for mm-size crystals for many problems. These limitations are being addressed through the realization of powerful instruments at a new generation of pulsed neutron sources, including in the USA the TOPAZ and MaNDi single-crystal diffractometers that are under development at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS).

Single-crystal neutron diffraction studies of hydrogen-bonded systems: Two recent examples from IPNS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koetzle, Thomas F.; Piccoli, Paula M.B.; Schultz, Arthur J.

2009-01-01

Beginning with work in the 1950s at the first generation of research reactors, studies of hydrogen-bonded systems have been a prime application for single-crystal neutron diffraction. The range of systems studied was extended in the 1960s and 1970s, with the advent of high flux reactor sources, and beginning around 1980 studies at pulsed neutron sources have made increasingly important contributions. Recently at the Argonne Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), working with collaborators, we completed two studies of hydrogen-bonded systems that will serve to illustrate topics of current interest. In the first study, on andrographolide, an active diterpenoid natural product, our neutron diffraction results definitively characterize the hydrogen-bonding interactions. The second IPNS study is on tetraacetylethane (TAE), a β-diketone enol system with a very short, strong intramolecular O-H...O hydrogen bond. At IPNS, we have determined the neutron crystal structure of TAE at five temperatures between 20 and 298 K to investigate changes in the structure with temperature and to probe for disorder. Despite the successes illustrated by the two examples presented here and by many other studies, at present applications of single-crystal neutron diffraction continue to be extremely flux limited and constrained by the requirement for mm-size crystals for many problems. These limitations are being addressed through the realization of powerful instruments at a new generation of pulsed neutron sources, including in the USA the TOPAZ and MaNDi single-crystal diffractometers that are under development at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS).

Neutron Diffraction Investigation of MnAs under High Pressure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andresen, A.F; Fjellvag, H; Lebech, Bente

1984-01-01

Powdered MnAs has been investigated by neutron diffraction in a pressure cryostat, at hydrostatic pressures up to 13 kbar and temperatures down to 4.2 K. It has been found that in the orthorhombic MnP type structure, which under pressure is retained at low temperature, a spiral magnetic structure...

Application of 2-dimensional coordinate system conversion in stress measurements with neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, D.-Q.; Hubbard, C.R.; Spooner, S.

2000-01-01

This paper will present a method and program to precisely calculate the coordinates in a positioner coordinate system from given sample position coordinates with a minimum number of neutron surface scans for three possible circumstances in stress and texture measurement using neutron diffraction

Investigation of Methacrylic Acid at High Pressure Using Neutron Diffraction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marshall, William G.; Urquhart, Andrew; Oswald, Iain D. H.

2015-01-01

This article shows that pressure can be a low-intensity route to the synthesis of polymethacrylic acid. The exploration of perdeuterated methacrylic acid at high pressure using neutron diffraction reveals that methacrylic acid exhibits two polymorphic phase transformations at relatively low...

Polarized neutron powder diffraction studies of antiferromagnetic order in bulk and nanoparticle NiO

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brok, Erik; Lefmann, Kim; Deen, Pascale P.

2015-01-01

surface contribution to the magnetic anisotropy. Here we explore the potential use of polarized neutron diffraction to reveal the magnetic structure in NiO bulk and nanoparticle powders by applying the XYZ-polarization analysis method. Our investigations address in particular the spin orientation in bulk....... The results show that polarization analyzed neutron powder diffraction is a viable method to investigate magnetic order in powders of antiferromagnetic nanoparticles.......In many materials it remains a challenge to reveal the nature of magnetic correlations, including antiferromagnetism and spin disorder. Revealing the spin structure in magnetic nanoparticles is further complicated by the large incoherent neutron scattering cross section from water adsorbed...

Introduction of neutron research facilities in Indonesia Nuclear Agency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishida, Masayuki; Muslih, M. Refai; Minakawa, Nobuaki

2004-01-01

In this report, some facilities for neutron diffraction installed in Indonesia nuclear Agency (BATAN) are introduced. Rough sketch of BATAN, and facility arrangement in the reactor hall and the guide hall are schematically shown. The four facilities (powder diffractometer, four-circle goniometer, three-axis goniometer and neutron radiography system) are installed in the reactor hall and the three (small angle neutron scattering (SANS), high resolution SANS and high resolution powder diffractometer) in the guide hall. Neutron wavelengths determined from four hk1 planes of standard Si powder by the BATAN's neutron diffraction facility are compared with those measured by the similar facility in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). The neutron diffraction profile of W-fiber reinforced Cu composite is measured by the BATAN's facility. The experimental results show the strong 110 preferred orientation to the fiber direction. (author)

Refractive and diffractive neutron optics with reduced chromatic aberration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poulsen, S.O., E-mail: stefan.poulsen@northwestern.edu [NEXMAP, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Poulsen, H.F. [NEXMAP, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark); Bentley, P.M. [European Spallation Source ESS AB, Box 176, 221 00 Lund (Sweden)

2014-12-11

Thermal neutron beams are an indispensable tool in physics research. The spatial and the temporal resolution attainable in experiments are dependent on the flux and collimation of the neutron beam which remain relatively poor, even for modern neutron sources. These difficulties may be mitigated by the use of optics for focusing and imaging. Refractive and diffractive optical elements, e.g. compound refractive lenses and Fresnel zone plates, are attractive due to their low cost, and simple alignment. These optical elements, however, suffer from chromatic aberration, which limit their effectiveness to highly monochromatic beams. This paper presents two novel concepts for focusing and imaging non-monochromatic thermal neutron beams with well-known optical elements: (1) a fast mechanical transfocator based on a compound refractive lens, which actively varies the number of individual lenses in the beam path to focus and image a time-of-flight beam, and (2) a passive optical element consisting of a compound refractive lens, and a Fresnel zone plate, which may focus and image both continuous and pulsed neutron beams.

Ultra-low-temperature neutron diffraction. Final report, July 1, 1983-June 30, 1985. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Halperin, W.P.; Ketterson, J.B.

1985-07-01

An ultra-low-temperature neutron diffraction facility has been constructed at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial and primary purpose of this facility is to study nuclear magnetic ordering phenomenon. Magnetic structure information is commonly recognized as being fundamental to the progress in theoretical and experimental efforts in the field of magnetism. We have initiated study of the nuclear spin in solid 3 He and in metals. In 3 He the nuclear spins order at 1.1 mK. Structure information for neutron diffraction would contribute significantly to this problem of nuclear magnetism. Despite substantial experimental difficulties, careful evaluation suggests that examination of the nuclear structure in this unique quantum crystal is indeed feasible by neutron diffraction. Substantial progress has been made in growing single crystals of 3 He and establishing its temperature in the presence of a neutron flux. We have also initiated investigation of nuclear ordering in copper and PrCu 6

Sample-angle feedback for diffraction anomalous fine-structure spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cross, J.O.; Elam, W.T.; Harris, V.G.; Kirkland, J.P.; Bouldin, C.E.; Sorensen, L.B.

1998-01-01

Diffraction anomalous fine-structure (DAFS) experiments measure Bragg peak intensities as continuous functions of photon energy near a core-level excitation. Measuring the integrated intensity at each energy makes the experiments prohibitively slow; however, in many cases DAFS can be collected quickly by measuring only the peak intensity at the center of the rocking curve. A piezoelectric-actuator-driven stage has been designed and tested as part of a sample-angle feedback circuit for locking onto the maximum of the rocking curve while the energy is scanned. Although software peak-tracking requires only a simple calculation of diffractometer angles, it is found that the additional hardware feedback dramatically improves the reproducibility of the data

Focussing X-rays, gamma rays and neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smither, R.K.

1982-01-01

A diffraction crystal or grating has a face for receiving a beam of photons or neutrons and diffraction planar spacing or grating spacing along that face with the spacing increasing progressively along the face to provide a decreasing Bragg diffraction angle for a monochromatic radiation and thereby increasing the usable area and acceptance angle. The increased planar spacing for a diffraction crystal is provided by the use of a temperature differential across the crystalline structure, by assembling a plurality of crystalline structures with different compositions, by an individual crystalline structure with a varying composition and thereby a changing planar spacing along its face, and by combinations of these techniques. (author)

Concept development for the ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reichle, R.; Beaumont, B.; Boilson, D.; Bouhamou, R.; Direz, M.-F.; Encheva, A.; Henderson, M.; Kazarian, F.; Lamalle, Ph.; Lisgo, S.; Mitteau, R.; Patel, K. M.; Pitcher, C. S.; Pitts, R. A.; Prakash, A.; Raffray, R.; Schunke, B.; Snipes, J.; Diaz, A. Suarez; Udintsev, V. S.

2012-01-01

The ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system concept is developed from the measurement requirements. The proposed solution situates 4 viewing systems in the equatorial ports 3, 9, 12, and 17 with 4 views each (looking at the upper target, the inner divertor, and tangentially left and right). This gives sufficient coverage. The spatial resolution of the divertor system is 2 times higher than the other views. For compensation of vacuum-vessel movements, an optical hinge concept is proposed. Compactness and low neutron streaming is achieved by orienting port plug doglegs horizontally. Calibration methods, risks, and R and D topics are outlined.

New developments of TOF neutron diffraction at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balagurov, Anatoli M.

2001-01-01

Development of high-resolution RTOF Fourier technique for powder neutron diffraction studies is being continued at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor in Dubna. Besides some technical improvements in the operating HRFD instrument, a new dedicated instrument, Fourier Strain Diffractometer (FSD), for investigation of residual stresses in bulk materials has been constructed at IBR-2 in 1999. With a new HRFD Fourier chopper smaller than 10 μs TOF contribution in a resolution function was obtained in the experiment with perfect Si single crystal. A series of diffraction experiments with the beams from a new methane cold neutron moderator installed at the IBR-2 in 1999 is discussed. A comparison with the results obtained with the conventional water comb-like moderator shows that for various types of experiments, which are performed at HRFD and DN-2 diffractometers, the methane cold neutron source provides better conditions. (author)

The Zeldovich approximation and wide-angle redshift-space distortions

Science.gov (United States)

Castorina, Emanuele; White, Martin

2018-06-01

The contribution of line-of-sight peculiar velocities to the observed redshift of objects breaks the translational symmetry of the underlying theory, modifying the predicted 2-point functions. These `wide angle effects' have mostly been studied using linear perturbation theory in the context of the multipoles of the correlation function and power spectrum . In this work we present the first calculation of wide angle terms in the Zeldovich approximation, which is known to be more accurate than linear theory on scales probed by the next generation of galaxy surveys. We present the exact result for dark matter and perturbatively biased tracers as well as the small angle expansion of the configuration- and Fourier-space two-point functions and the connection to the multi-frequency angular power spectrum. We compare different definitions of the line-of-sight direction and discuss how to translate between them. We show that wide angle terms can reach tens of percent of the total signal in a measurement at low redshift in some approximations, and that a generic feature of wide angle effects is to slightly shift the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation scale.

A national facility for small angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buyers, W.J.L.; Katsaras, J.; Mellors, W.; Potter, M.M.; Powell, B.M.; Rogge, R.B.; Root, J.H.; Tennant, D.C.; Tun, Z.

1995-01-01

A world-class small angle neutron scattering (SANS) facility is proposed for Canada. It will provide users from the fields of biology, chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering with a uniquely powerful tool for investigating microstructural properties whose length scales lie in the optical to atomic range. (author). 7 refs

A national facility for small angle neutron scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buyers, W J.L.; Katsaras, J; Mellors, W; Potter, M M; Powell, B M; Rogge, R B; Root, J H; Tennant, D C; Tun, Z [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, ON (Canada). Chalk River Nuclear Labs.; Epand, R; Gaulin, B D [McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada)

1995-09-15

A world-class small angle neutron scattering (SANS) facility is proposed for Canada. It will provide users from the fields of biology, chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering with a uniquely powerful tool for investigating microstructural properties whose length scales lie in the optical to atomic range. (author). 7 refs.

Small angle neutron scattering by polymer solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farnoux, B.; Jannink, G.

1980-08-01

Small angle neutron scattering is an experimental technique introduced since about 10 years for the observation of the polymer conformation in all the concentration range from dilute solution to the melt. After a brief recall of the elementary relations between scattering amplitude, index of refraction and scattered intensity, two concepts related to this last quantity (the contrast and the pair correlation function) are discussed in details

Precise structural analysis of methane hydrate by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Igawa, Naoki; Hoshikawa, Akinori; Ishii, Yoshinobu

2006-01-01

Methane hydrate has attracted great interest as an energy resource to replace natural gas since this material is deposited in the seafloor and the deposits are estimated to exceed those of natural gas. Understanding the physical proprieties, such as the temperature dependence of the crystal structure, helps to specify the optimum environmental temperature and pressure during drilling, transport, and storage of methane hydrate. Clathrate hydrates consisted of encaging atomic and/or molecular species as a guest and host water formed by a hydrogen bonding. Although many studies on the clathrate hydrate including methane hydrate were reported, no detailed crystallographic property has yet been cleared. We focused on the motion of methane in the clathrate hydrate by the neutron diffraction. The crystal structure of the methane hydrate was analyzed by the applying the combination of the Rietveld refinement and the maximum entropy method (MEM) to neutron powder diffraction. Temperature dependence of the scattering-length density distribution maps revealed that the motion of methane molecules differs between the shapes of dodecahedron and tetrakaidecahedron. (author)

The polarized neutron small-angle scattering instrument at BENSC Berlin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keller, T.; Krist, T.; Danzig, A.; Keiderling, U.; Mezei, F.; Wiedenmann, A.

2000-01-01

A polarized neutron beam has been installed at the small-angle neutron-scattering instrument V4 at BENSC Berlin. The main component of this new option is a 1.8 m long cavity transmission polarizer. The advantages of this device compared to the conventional bender polarizers are: (i) high transmission (35% of unpolarized beam at λ=6 A); (ii) the polarization is better than 93% in the wavelength band 4 A 3 O 4 particles embedded in a glass matrix) are presented and compared to a measurement with unpolarized neutrons

The single-angle neutron scattering facility at Pelindaba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hofmeyr, C.; Mayer, R.M.; Tillwick, D.L.; Starkey, J.R.

1978-05-01

The small-angle neutron scattering facility at the SAFARI-1 reactor is described in detail, and with reference to theoretical and practical design considerations. Inexpensive copper microwave guides used as a guide-pipe for slow neutrons provided the basis for a useful though comparatively simple facility. The neutron-spectrum characteristics of the final facility in different configurations of the guide-pipe (both S and single-curved) agree wel with expected values based on results obtained with a test facility. The design, construction, installation and alignment of various components of the facility are outlined, as well as intensity optimisation. A general description is given of experimental procedures and data-aquisition electronics for the four-position sample holder and counter array of up to 18 3 He detectors and a beam monitor [af

Polycrystalline deformation in engineering materials: Insights from neutron diffraction during loading

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bourke, M.; Brown, D.

1999-01-01

In-situ measurements using the non-destructive penetration of neutrons are commonplace at neutron sources and permit investigations within environmental chambers at stress, pressure, or temperature. Many of these studies explore the microstructural performance of engineering materials under service conditions. For example, by measuring phase strains during the application of static loads, neutron diffraction provides insight into failure, relaxation and load transfer mechanisms. Mechanical loading of a sample on a neutron spectrometer is usually performed with a customized load frame (small enough to fit into the typically limited available space) with the load axis horizontal. Diffraction data are recorded using detectors that surround the sample and strains are determined from changes in the measured interplanar lattice spacings in directions determined by the scattering geometry. These elastic strains indicate how the applied stress is shared throughout the microstructure. During a test, conventional strain gauges also record the macroscopic strain; that is the sum of the plastic and elastic contributions. Beyond yield the plastic contribution usually dominates the total strain but the elastic phase strains respond to the applied stress at any given load and provide clues about which phase (in a multiphase system) or which crystal orientation (in a single phase polycrystal) dictates failure

New generation of cryogen free advanced superconducting magnets for neutron scattering experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirichek, O; Adroja, D T; Manuel, P; Bewley, R I; Brown, J; Kouzmenko, G; Wotherspoon, R

2012-01-01

Recent advances in superconducting technology and cryocooler refrigeration have resulted in a new generation of advanced superconducting magnets for neutron beam applications. These magnets have outstanding parameters such as high homogeneity and stability at highest magnetic fields possible, a reasonably small stray field, low neutron scattering background and larger exposure to neutron detectors. At the same time the pulse tube refrigeration technology provides a complete re-condensing regime which allows to minimise the requirements for cryogens without introducing additional noise and mechanical vibrations. The magnets can be used with dilution refrigerator insert which expands the temperature range from 20mK to 300K. Here we are going to present design, test results and the operational data of the 14T magnet for neutron diffraction and the 9T wide angle chopper magnet for neutron spectroscopy developed by Oxford Instruments in collaboration with ISIS neutron source. First scientific results obtained from the neutron scattering experiments with these magnets are also going to be discussed.

Analysis of neutron diffraction peak broadening caused by internal stresses in composite materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Todd, R.I.; Borsa, C.; Derby, B.

1994-01-01

Neutron diffraction is an essential tool in the study of internal stresses in composite materials. In most work only the peak shifts caused by the related elastic strains are considered, but other valuable information exists in the form of peak shape changes. The conditions under which the pure diffraction profile of the composite (i.e. the profile when all sources of broadening not caused by the residual stresses are removed) represents the probability distribution of the peak shifts corresponding to the strains are examined. It is shown that in these conditions, the pure diffraction profile has no attributes of particle size broadening (and vice versa), thereby providing a test for the validity of results interpreted in this way. The experimental derivation of measured strain distributions in Al 2 O 3 /SiCp composites using neutron diffraction is described. No apparent particle size broadening was detected, demonstrating the validity of the results, which also satisfied other tests for consistency

Studies in small angle scattering techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moellenbach, K.

1980-03-01

Small angle scattering of neutrons, X-rays and γ-rays are found among the spectroscopic methods developed in the recent years. Although these techniques differ from each other in many respects, e.g. radiation sources and technical equipment needed, their power to resolve physical phenomena and areas of application can be discussed in a general scheme. Selected examples are given illustrating the use of specific technical methods. Jahn-Teller driven structural phase transitions in Rare Earth zircons were studied with neutron scattering as well as small angle γ-ray diffraction. The study of neutron scattering from formations of magnetic domains in the Ising ferromagnet LiTbF 4 is a second example. Both these examples represent more than experimental test cases since the theoretical interpretations of the data obtained are discussed as well. As a last example the use of small angle scattering methods for the study of molecular biological samples is discussed. In particular the experimental procedures used in connection with scattering from aqueous solutions of proteins and protein complexes are given. (Auth.)

Magnetic neutron diffraction of MnO thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neubeck, W.; Vettier, C.; Mannix, D.; Bernhoeft, N.; Hiess, A.; Ranno, L.; Givord, D.

1999-01-01

We report on magnetic neutron diffraction carried out on various epitaxial MnO(III) thin films grown on sapphire and MgO substrates. In all samples, of masses between 5 and 50 μg, magnetic Bragg peaks have been observed. The films exhibit what appears to be continuous phase-transitions in contrast to the strongly discontinuous transition exhibited by bulk samples. In addition, the Neel temperature of films prepared on sapphire substrates is strongly enhanced above that of the bulk whilst that of the film grown on MgO is depressed. The possibility to measure magnetic excitations in such thin film systems is discussed in the light of promising test results obtained from an inelastic magnetic neutron scattering experiment on the IN8 spectrometer. (authors)

Application of neutron diffraction in characterization of texture evolution during high-temperature creep in magnesium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sediako, A.; Shook, S.; Vogel, S.; Sediako, D.

2010-01-01

A good combination of room-temperature and elevated temperature strength and ductility, good salt-spray corrosion resistance and excellent diecastability are frequently among the main considerations in development of a new magnesium alloy for automotive industry. Unfortunately, there has been much lesser effort in development of wrought-stock alloys for high temperature applications. Extrudability and high temperature performance of wrought material become important factors in an effort to develop new wrought alloys and processing technologies. This paper shows some results received in creep testing and studies of in-creep texture evolution for several wrought magnesium alloys developed for use in elevated- temperature applications. Along with others 'traditional' characterization techniques of metals' performance in high- temperature creep, neutron diffraction was employed in this study to analyze evolution of crystallographic texture during creep deformation. The paper compares two methods of texture analysis in neutron diffraction studies: based on monochromatic (reactor-source) beam and white neutron beam (time-of-flight method, synchrotron). The time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer illuminates the sample with a non-filtered beam of neutrons and captures the readings with an encircled detector array. This provides a very fast and detailed picture of the crystallographic texture for the bulk of the sample. As the white beam retains all neutron wavelengths, it takes much less time to collect statistically-valid dataset for the diffraction pattern. On the other hand, the monochromatic beam setup includes a monochromatic crystal that filters out a specific wavelength. The diffracted beam is then captured by a much simpler neutron detector. This setup is more flexible, allowing for choosing various wavelengths (depending on the sample material) but obviously requiring more time for statistically viable data collection. These studies were performed using E3 neutron

Neutron diffraction study of α-iron titanium cerium hydride

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin Hong; Niu Shiwen; Gou Cheng

1987-01-01

The results of the neutron scattering method shows that the crystal structure of Fe 0.94 TiCe 0.06 H 0.03 is the same as that of the FeTiH 0.02 . However, its diffraction peak intensities drop by 47-58%, the background increased markedly about 2 times and the lattice constant increase by 5%

X-ray diffraction and chemical bonding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bats, J.W.

1976-01-01

Chemical bonds are investigated in sulfamic acid (H 3 N-SO 3 ), sodium sulfonlate dihydrate (H 2 NC 6 H 4 SO 3 Na.2H 2 O), 2,5-dimercaptothiadiazole (HS-C 2 N 2 S-SH), sodium cyanide dihydrate (NaCN.2H 2 O), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH 4 SCN) by X-ray diffraction, and if necessary completed with neutron diffraction. Crystal structures and electron densities are determined together with bond length and angles. Also the effects of thermal motion are discussed

Neutron diffraction potentialities at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor for nondestructive testing of structural materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balagurov, A.M.; Bokuchava, G.D.; Papushkin, I.V.; Sumin, V.V.; Venter, A.M.

2010-01-01

Neutron diffraction is widely used for investigations of residual and applied stresses in bulk materials and components. The most important factor in these investigations is the high penetration depth of neutrons (up to 2 cm for steel). At the IBR-2 pulsed reactor in Dubna the Fourier stress diffractometer (FSD) has been constructed to optimize the internal stress measurements. The FSD design satisfies the requirements of high luminosity, high resolution and specific sample environment. The collimator system guarantees a minimum gauge volume of 2x2x2 mm. A mechanical testing machine allows in-situ tension or compression measurements up to a load of 20 kN and sample temperatures up to 800 deg C. In the paper the current status of FSD is reported and potentialities are demonstrated with several examples of investigations performed

Incident spectrum determination for time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hodges, J. P.

1998-01-01

Accurate characterization of the incident neutron spectrum is an important requirement for precise Rietveld analysis of time-of-flight powder neutron diffraction data. Without an accurate incident spectrum the calculated model for the measured relative intensities of individual Bragg reflections will possess systematic errors. We describe a method for obtaining an accurate numerical incident spectrum using data from a transmitted beam monitor

Crystal structures of new cuprates containing CO3 analyzed by the Rietveld method of neutron powder diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyazaki, Y.; Yamane, H.; Kajitani, T.; Hiraga, K.; Hirai, T.; Morii, Y.; Funahashi, S.

1993-01-01

New compounds containing CO 3 groups, Sr 2 CuO 2 (CO 3 ), (C 0.4 Cu 0.6 )Sr 2 (Y 0.86 Sr 0.14 )Cu 2 O 7 and (C 0.35 Cu 0.65 )Sr 2 (Y 0.73 Ce 0.27 ) 2 Cu 2 O 9 , were prepared as stable phases at 1273-1303 K in a flowing gas of O 2 -CO 2 . The crystal structures of these compounds were refined by means of the Rietveld analysis for neutron powder diffraction data collected using a high resolution powder diffractometer (HRPD) in the JRR-3M reactor hall of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). Positions of CO 3 groups were satisfactorily determined. The distances of C-O bonds in the CO 3 groups were around 1.3A and the O-C-O angles were almost equal to the ideal bond angle of 120deg. (author)

Physics and chemistry of materials from neutron diffraction and spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dahlborg, U.; Lovesey, S.W.; Uppsala Univ.

1990-11-01

A short introduction to the powerful techniques of neutron diffraction and spectroscopy is illustrated largely with achievements by Swedish researchers in the past few years. Background material on sources and instrumentation is included, together with a directory of facilities routinely available to the Swedish scientific community. (author)

Degradation of periodic multilayers as seen by small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction

CERN Document Server

Rafaja, D; Simek, D; Zdeborova, L; Valvoda, V

2002-01-01

The capabilities of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle x-ray diffraction (XRD) to recognize structural changes in periodic multilayers were compared on Fe/Au multilayers with different degrees of structural degradation. Experimental results have shown that both methods are equally sensitive to the multilayer degradation, i.e., to the occurrence of non-continuous interfaces, to short-circuits in the multilayer structure and to the multilayer precipitation. XRD yielded additional information on the multilayer crystallinity, whilst SAXS could better recognize fragments of a long-range periodicity (remnants of the original multilayer structure). Changes in the multilayer structure were initiated by successive annealing at 200 and 300 deg. C. Experimental data were complemented by numerical simulations performed using a combination of optical theory and the distorted wave Born approximation for SAXS or the kinematical Born approximation for XRD.

Diffraction des neutrons : principe, dispositifs expérimentaux et applications

Science.gov (United States)

Muller, C.

2003-02-01

La diffraction de neutrons, sur monocristal ou sur échantillon polycristallin (ou poudre), est une technique très largement utilisée, en science des matériaux comme en biologie, lorsque l'on souhaite déterminer la structure cristalline d'un composé ou d'une molécule. Toutefois, le degré de précision de la détermination structurale est très corrélé au choix de l'instrument utilisé. Il s'en suit que la question “comment choisir l'instrument le mieux adapté au composé et à la problématique ?" apparaît comme fondamentale. L'objectif de ce cours est de tenter de répondre à cette question en décrivant brièvement les caractéristiques instrumentales de différents diffractomètres, en exposant les avantages spécifiques des expériences de diffraction de neutrons et en donnant quelques exemples d'application.

X – ray and neutron diffraction of TiAl alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valkov, Stefan; Petrov, Peter; Neov, Dimitar; Beskrovny, Anatoly; Kozlenko, Denis

2015-01-01

TiAl alloys were prepared by electron beam hybrid method. Composite Ti-Al film, from composite target, was deposited on Ti substrate by electron beam evaporation, followed by electron beam treatment with scanning electron beam. Experiments were made using Leybold Heraus (EWS 300/ 15 - 60) with the following technological parameters : accelerating voltage U = 60kV; beam current I=40 mA, speed of movement of specimens V=5 cm/s, current of the focusing lens If =512mA, specimen distance D0 = 38cm. X- ray and neutron diffraction methods were used to determine the phase composition on the surface and at the volume, respectively. Time of flight neutron diffraction study of TiAl specimens was performed on DN-2 diffractometer at fast pulsed IBR-2 reactor in FLNP JINR (Dubna, Russia).We found that intermetallic TiAl phases were successfully obtained on the surface, as well as in the volume.

The magnetic structure of GdNi2B2C investigated by neutron powder diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barcza, A.; Rotter, M.; Doerr, M.; Beuneu, B.

2005-01-01

Full text: The group of ReT 2 B 2 C (Re=rare earth, T=transition metal) shows a very interesting interplay between magnetism and superconductivity due to the rare earth metals. In this work the magnetism of GdNi 2 B 2 C was studied with neutron diffraction. Previous investigations with x-ray diffraction methods have determined the crystal structure as a body centered tetragonal structure (I 4/mmm). Hot neutrons were used for the diffraction experiment, because the absorption cross section of Gd is significantly smaller for short wavelengths. The investigated compound orders magnetically at TN=19.5 K, and so the experiment was carried out at two temperatures, namely 30 K and 2.2 K. The results show a incommensurate spin structure with a propagation vector of (0.55 0 0). To confirm this results additional simulations of the spin structure were done based on the Standard Model of rare earth magnetism. A neutron diffraction pattern was calculated using the McPhase program package and is compared to the experimental data. (author)

The analysis of nano structures based on small angle scattering of neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Len, Adel; Fuzi, Janos; Rosta, Laszlo; Harmat, Peter

2014-01-01

The paper describes the technology of small angle neutron scattering from neutron beam cooling to beam focusing and image processing. The applicability of the method is illustrated by sodium bubble analysis in tungsten, and investigation of the the effect of microbial transglutamase on casein micellas.

Scattering of neutrons by catalase: a study of molecules, subunits, and tubules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Randall, J.; Starling, D.; Baldwin, J.P.; Ibel, K.

1976-01-01

The paper deals with small-angle scattering of neutrons by catalase tetramers, dimers, and monomers and with neutron diffraction by helical assemblies of tetramers in the form of tubules. A preliminary study of catalase is described

Neutron scattering and diffraction instrument for structural study on biology in Japan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niimura, Nobuo [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Ibaraki-ken (Japan)

1994-12-31

Neutron scattering and diffraction instruments in Japan which can be used for structural studies in biology are briefly introduced. Main specifications and general layouts of the instruments are shown.

Study on Destructuring effect of trehalose on water by neutron diffraction

CERN Document Server

Branca, C; Migliardo, F; Magazù, V; Soper, A K

2002-01-01

In this work results on trehalose/water solutions by neutron diffraction are reported. The study of the partial structure factors and spatial distribution functions gives evidence of a decreasing tetrahedrality degree of water and justifies its cryoprotectant effectiveness. (orig.)

Study on Destructuring effect of trehalose on water by neutron diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Branca, C.; Maisano, G.; Migliardo, F. [Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Universita' di Messina, PO Box 55, 98166 Messina (Italy); Magazu' , V. [Facolta di Ingeeneria, Universita' di Messina, 98166 Messina (Italy); Soper, A.K. [ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX (United Kingdom)

2002-07-01

In this work results on trehalose/water solutions by neutron diffraction are reported. The study of the partial structure factors and spatial distribution functions gives evidence of a decreasing tetrahedrality degree of water and justifies its cryoprotectant effectiveness. (orig.)

Neutron diffraction studies of water in meso- and micro-pores

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steytler, D.C.; Dore, J.C.; Wright, C.J.

1982-07-01

Neutron diffraction studies have been made for D 2 O water in two high surface-area silica samples, Spherisorb and Gasil. The results show that the structural arrangement is similar to that of bulk water and that the modification due to the interface is restricted to a range of the order of 10 A or less. Measurements also indicate that the dispersed water undergoes significant structural changes with temperature variation but the behaviour is similar to that of the bulk liquid. The differences observed in the diffraction patterns can be partially described in terms of diffraction broadening due to the small volume of the dispersed water but there remains a significant variation which appears to be related to the hydrogen-bonding interactions. (author)

Final Technical Report: Application of in situ Neutron Diffraction to Understand the Mechanism of Phase Transitions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chandran, Ravi [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering

2018-02-09

In this research, phase transitions in the bulk electrodes for Li-ion batteries were investigated using neutron diffraction (ND) as well as neutron imaging techniques. The objectives of this research is to design of a novel in situ electrochemical cell to obtain Rietveld refinable neutron diffraction experiments using small volume electrodes of various laboratory/research-scale electrodes intended for Li-ion batteries. This cell is also to be used to investigate the complexity of phase transitions in Li(Mg) alloy electrodes, either by diffraction or by neutron imaging, which occur under electrochemical lithiation and delithiation, and to determine aspects of phase transition that enable/limit energy storage capacity. Additional objective is to investigate the phase transitions in electrodes made of etched micro-columns of silicon and investigate the effect of particle/column size on phase transitions and nonequilibrium structures. An in situ electrochemical cell was designed successfully and was used to study the phase transitions under in-situ neutron diffraction in both the electrodes (anode/cathode) simultaneously in graphite/LiCoO₂ and in graphite/LiMn₂O₄ cells each with two cells. The diffraction patterns fully validated the working of the in situ cell. Additional experimental were performed using the Si micro-columnar electrodes. The results revealed new lithiation phenomena, as evidenced by mosaicity formation in silicon electrode. These experiments were performed in Vulcan diffractometer at SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In parallel, the spatial distribution of Li during lithiation and delithiation processes in Li-battery electrodes were investigated. For this purpose, neutron tomographic imaging technique has been used for 3D mapping of Li distribution in bulk Li(Mg) alloy electrodes. It was possible to observe the phase boundary of Li(Mg) alloy indicating phase transition from Li-rich BCC β-phase to Li-lean �

Small-angle neutron scattering instrument at MINT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohd Ali Sufi; Yusof Abdullah; Razali Kassim; Hamid; Shahidan Radiman; Mohammad Deraman; Abdul Ghaffar Ramli

1996-01-01

The Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) Instrument has been developed at Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT) for studying structural properties of materials on the length scale 1 nm to 100 nm. This is the length scale which is relevant for many topics within soft condensed matter, like polymers, colloids, biological macromolecules, etc. The SANS is a complementary technique to X-ray and electron scattering. However, while these later techniques give information on structures near surface, SANS concerns the structure of the bulk. Samples studied by SANS technique are typically bulk materials of the sizes mm's to cm's, or materials dissolved in a liquid. This paper described the general characteristics of SANS instrument as well as the experimental formulation in neutron scattering. The preliminary results obtained by this instrument are shown

Progress in small angle neutron scattering activities in Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdul Aziz Bin Mohamed; Azali Bin Muhamad; Shukri Bin Mohd

1999-01-01

The current status of SANS (Small Angle Neutron Scattering facility) activities in Malaysia has been presented. Many works need to be done for system improvement before the system can be confidently used as one of effective quality control tools in materials production and engineering sectors. (author)

Multiple small-angle neutron scattering studies of anisotropic materials

CERN Document Server

Allen, A J; Long, G G; Ilavsky, J

2002-01-01

Building on previous work that considered spherical scatterers and randomly oriented spheroidal scatterers, we describe a multiple small-angle neutron scattering (MSANS) analysis for nonrandomly oriented spheroids. We illustrate this with studies of the multi-component void morphologies found in plasma-spray thermal barrier coatings. (orig.)

The use of pulsed neutron diffraction to measure strain in composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bourke, M.A.M.; Goldstone, J.A.; Shi, N.; Gray, G.T. III; James, M.R.

1994-01-01

Neutron diffraction is a technique for measuring strain in crystalline materials. It is non destructive, phase discriminatory and more penetrating than X rays. Pulsed neutron sources (in contrast with steady state reactor sources) are particularly appropriate for examining heterogeneous materials or for recording the polycrystalline response of all lattice reflections. Several different aspects of composite behavior can be characterized and examples are given of residual strain measurements, strain relaxation during heating, applied loading, and determination of the strain distribution function

Structural characterisation of 1- and 2-dimensional transition metal polymers using powder neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

James, M.

1999-01-01

Powder neutron diffraction provides an alternate technique for the structural study of transition metal polymers and finds utility over standard X-ray methods in two significant ways. Firstly, due to a different instrument geometry, preferred orientation effects are removed from the system. The second advantage gained by utilising neutrons is that H atoms in the sample contribute much more to the nuclear scattering of the diffraction profile - allowing their atomic position to be accurately determined. In X-ray diffraction studies, where H atoms typically account for only ∼3-5% of the scattering from the sample, it is essentially impossible to refine their position in the molecular structure. The structures of several transition metal polymers have been determined using neutrons from the HIFAR reactor at ANSTO and the Powder Diffractometers HRPD and MRPD, along with Rietveld refinement methods. The 1-dimensional polymer dibromobis(thiazole)nickel(II) illustrated in the paper is characteristic of these types of systems which are comprised of transition metal centres bridged by halogen atoms with pendant amine side groups

Fundamentals and applications of neutron diffraction. Applications 7. Crystal structure analysis of fuel cell materials by means of neutron diffractometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itoh, Takanori

2010-01-01

Perovskite oxides, which have 'A' atoms of an alkaline earth metal and/or a rare earth metal and 'B' atoms of a transition metal, have considerable potential for use in electrochemical devices such as cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), oxygen pumps, oxygen sensors, catalysts, and other devices such as oxygen separation membranes. The oxygen ion behavior is studied with relation performance of electrochemical devices. I have analyzed the crystal structure of SOFC materials by neutron diffraction. Using the Rietveld refinement technique, I showed that the O1(4c) and O2(8d) sites in a perovskite oxide of SOFC cathode material has different oxygen site occupancies. Furthermore, oxygen diffusion behavior is associated with temperature dependence of oxygen anisotropic atomic displacement parameters. The maximum entropy method (MEM) analysis of neutron diffraction measurements revealed nuclear scattering length distribution at high temperature by three-dimensional images in detail, therefore 1 found oxygen diffusion pass and new proton site in SOFC materials. From these results, neutron diffraction is confirmed to be very useful tool for the study of light element behavior in fuel cell materials. (author)

Small angle neutron scattering study of nano sized microstructure in Fe-Cr ODS steels for gen IV in-core applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Young-Soo; Mao, Xiadong; Jang, Jinsung

2013-11-01

The nano-sized microstructures in Fe-Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steel for Gen IV in-core applications were studied using small angle neutron scattering. The oxide dispersion strengthened steel was manufactured through hot isostatic pressing with various chemical compositions and fabrication conditions. Small angle neutron scattering experiments were performed using a 40 m small angle neutron scattering instrument at HANARO. Nano sized microstructures, namely, yttrium oxides and Cr-oxides were quantitatively analyzed by small angle neutron scattering. The yttrium oxides and Cr-oxides were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. The microstructural analysis results from small angle neutron scattering were compared with those obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The effects of the chemical compositions and fabrication conditions on the microstructure were investigated in relation to the quantitative microstructural analysis results obtained by small angle neutron scattering. The volume fraction of Y-oxide increases after fabrication, and this result is considered to be due to the formation of non-stochiometric Y-Ti-oxides.

Neutron diffraction analysis of the structure of rod photoreceptor membranes in intact retinas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yaeger, M; Schoenborn, B; Engelman, D; Moore, P; Stryer, L

1980-01-01

Neutron diffraction data have been collected from samples containing ten dark-adapted Rana catesbiana bullfrog retinas in 100, 80, 60, 40, and 30% D/sub 2/O Ringer's solution using a step-scanning Soller slit diffractometer. Diffraction was also recorded from retinas equilibrated in D/sub 2/O solutions with varying osmolarity. Rocking curve experiments demonstrated that the rods are disoriented in a cylindrically symmetrical fashion. Structure factor amplitudes were obtained using semi-automated curve-fitting procedures, and phases were obtained by interpreting the D/sub 2/O-H/sub 2/O and osmotic Patterson maps. In D/sub 2/O Ringer's solution the first four structure factors are -353 +- 25, 246 +- 19, 434 +- 13 and 383 +- 19. Neutron scattering density profiles were calculated to 75 A resolution using these structure factors. These neutron diffraction data are consistent with the view that the lipid bilayer is a major structural motif of the rod outer segment disc membrane. Neutron Fourier syntheses in different mixtures of D/sub 2/O and H/sub 2/O indicate that the intradisc and extradisc spaces are predominantly aqueous, consistent with the increase in the intradisc and extradisc volumes as the Ringer's solution is made more hypotomic. In isotonic Ringer's solution, the thicknesses of the intradisc and extradisc spaces are about 36 A and 160 A, respectively, and the center-to-center separation between the 50 A thick lipid bilayer is 88 A.

Studies Of The (n, γ) Reaction With A Neutron Monochromator

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kane, W. R.; Gardner, D.; Brown, T.; Kevey, A.; Mateosian, E. der; Emery, G. T.; Gelletly, W.; Mariscotti, M. A.J. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States); Schröder, I. [National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (United States)

1969-11-15

A crystal diffraction neutron monochromator has been constructed specifically for studies of the(n, γ) reaction. This equipment plays a complementary role to that of time-of-flight devices in providing a neutron beam with a full duty cycle at a given energy. This feature and the small target size, large geometrical efficiency for y-ray detection, and negligible fast neutron background afford advantages for certain classes of experiments. The useful energy range extends from 0.01 to 20 eV. Novel features of the equipment include a complete reliance upon precision angle encoders for setting arm and crystal angles, the employment of a liquid shield to facilitate the extraction of the diffracted neutron beam, and the use of air bearings to provide for the motion of the target, detection devices, and associated shielding. Results obtained on low energy resonances of {sup 139}La, {sup 189}Os, and {sup 235}U will be presented. (author)

Dehydration reactions of gypsum: A neutron and X-ray diffraction study

Science.gov (United States)

Abriel, W.; Reisdorf, K.; Pannetier, J.

1990-03-01

The kinetics of the dehydration of gypsum was investigated by powder diffraction methods. Using the incoherent scattering effect of H with the neutron beam, the background intensity as a measure of the water content was checked in the temperature range 295-623 K. The superposed Bragg peaks yielded four major phases: Gypsum, subhydratesCaSO 4(H 2O) x (1 > x > 0),AIII-CaSO 4, AII-CaSO 4. For the subhydrates a maximum water content of x > = 0.74was determined. A different kinetic was found using Guinier X-ray technique with the heated sample prepared on a thin foil. Only with high local H 2O steam pressure, produced in the comparable larger sample container of the neutron diffraction experiment, could this high H 2O occupation of the subhydrate tunnel structure be found. A topotactic mechanism can describe the phase transitions for this reaction.

In-situ neutron diffraction characterization of temperature dependence deformation in α-uranium

Science.gov (United States)

Calhoun, C. A.; Garlea, E.; Sisneros, T. A.; Agnew, S. R.

2018-04-01

In-situ strain neutron diffraction measurements were conducted at temperature on specimens coming from a clock-rolled α-uranium plate, and Elasto-Plastic Self-Consistent (EPSC) modeling was employed to interpret the findings. The modeling revealed that the active slip systems exhibit a thermally activated response, while deformation twinning remains athermal over the temperature ranges explored (25-150 °C). The modeling also allowed assessment of the effects of thermal residual stresses on the mechanical response during compression. These results are consistent with those from a prior study of room-temperature deformation, indicating that the thermal residual stresses strongly influence the internal strain evolution of grain families, as monitored with neutron diffraction, even though accounting for these residual stresses has little effect on the macroscopic flow curve, except in the elasto-plastic transition.

Design and operation of the wide angular-range chopper spectrometer ARCS at the Spallation Neutron Source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.; Loguillo, M. J.; Lucas, M. S.; Delaire, O.; Tang, X.; Lin, J. Y. Y.; Fultz, B.

2012-01-01

The wide angular-range chopper spectrometer ARCS at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is optimized to provide a high neutron flux at the sample position with a large solid angle of detector coverage. The instrument incorporates modern neutron instrumentation, such as an elliptically focused neutron guide, high speed magnetic bearing choppers, and a massive array of 3 He linear position sensitive detectors. Novel features of the spectrometer include the use of a large gate valve between the sample and detector vacuum chambers and the placement of the detectors within the vacuum, both of which provide a window-free final flight path to minimize background scattering while allowing rapid changing of the sample and sample environment equipment. ARCS views the SNS decoupled ambient temperature water moderator, using neutrons with incident energy typically in the range from 15 to 1500 meV. This range, coupled with the large detector coverage, allows a wide variety of studies of excitations in condensed matter, such as lattice dynamics and magnetism, in both powder and single-crystal samples. Comparisons of early results to both analytical and Monte Carlo simulation of the instrument performance demonstrate that the instrument is operating as expected and its neutronic performance is understood. ARCS is currently in the SNS user program and continues to improve its scientific productivity by incorporating new instrumentation to increase the range of science covered and improve its effectiveness in data collection.

Small-angle neutron scattering studies on water soluble complexes ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

... by small-angle neutron scattering. SANS data showed a positive indication of the formation of RCP-SDS complexes. Even though the complete structure of the polyion complexes could not be ascertained, the results obtained give us the information on the local structure in these polymer-surfactant systems. The data were ...

Residual stress measurement of the jacket material for ITER coil by neutron diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, Yoshinori [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment

1998-03-01

Nickel-Iron based super alloy INCOLOY 908 is used for the jacket of a central solenoid coil (CS coil) of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). INCOLOY 908, however, has a possibility of fracture due to Stress Accelerated Grain Boundary Oxidation (SAGBO) under a tensile residual stress beyond 200MPa. Therefore it is necessary to measure the residual stress of the jacket to avoid SAGBO. We performed residual stress measurement of the jacket by neutron diffraction using the neutron diffractometer for residual stress analysis (RESA) installed at JRR-3M in JAERI. A sample depth dependence of internal strain was obtained from the (111) plane spacing. A residual stress distribution was calculated from the strain using Young`s modulus and Poisson`s ratio that were evaluated by a tensile test with neutron diffraction. The result shows that the tensile residual stress exceeds 200MPa of the SAGBO condition in some regions inside the jacket. (author)

Proposal for the design of a small-angle neutron scattering facility at a pulsed neutron source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kley, W.

1980-01-01

The intensity-resolution-background considerations of an optimized small angle neutron scattering facility are reviewed for the special case of a pulsed neutron source. In the present proposal we conclude that for 'true elastic scattering experiments' filters can be used instead of expensive neutron guide tubes since low background conditions can be achieved by a combined action of filters as well as a proper time gating of the twodimensional detector. The impinging neutron beam is monochromatized by phasing a disk chopper to the neutron source pulses and in the scattered beam a second disk chopper is used to eliminate the inelastically scattered neutrons. Therefore, no time of fligh analysis is necessary for the scattered neutron intensity and true-elastic conditions are obtained by simply gating the two-dimensional detector. Considering a 4 m thick shield for the pulsed neutron source and choosing for optimum conditions a detector area element of (2.5 cm) 2 and a sample area of (1.25 cm) 2 , than for a minimum sample-detector-distance of 1.5 m, a maximum neutron source diameter of 6.67 cm is required in order to maintain always the optimum intensity- and resolution requirements

Comparative study of structural properties of trehalose water solutions by neutron diffraction, synchrotron radiation and simulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cesaro, A.; Magazu, V.; Migliardo, F.; Sussich, F.; Vadala, M

2004-07-15

Neutron diffraction measurements combined with H/D substitution have been performed on trehalose aqueous solutions as a function of temperature and concentration by using the SANDALS diffractometer at ISIS Facility (UK). The findings point out a high capability of trehalose to strongly affect the tetrahedral hydrogen bond network of water. The neutron diffraction results are also compared with simulation and experimental data obtained by synchrotron radiation on the phospholipid bilayer membranes (DPPC)/trehalose/H{sub 2}O ternary system.

Time-of-Flight Three Dimensional Neutron Diffraction in Transmission Mode for Mapping Crystal Grain Structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cereser, Alberto; Strobl, Markus; Hall, Stephen A.

2017-01-01

constituting the material. This article presents a new non-destructive 3D technique to study centimeter-sized bulk samples with a spatial resolution of hundred micrometers: time-of-flight three-dimensional neutron diffraction (ToF 3DND). Compared to existing analogous X-ray diffraction techniques, ToF 3DND......-of-flight neutron beamline. The technique was developed and tested with data collected at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility of the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (J-PARC) for an iron sample. We successfully reconstructed the shape of 108 grains and developed an indexing procedure...

Non-destructive Quantitative Phase Analysis and Microstructural Characterization of Zirconium Coated U-10Mo Fuel Foils via Neutron Diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cummins, Dustin Ray [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Vogel, Sven C. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Hollis, Kendall Jon [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Brown, Donald William [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Dombrowski, David E. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2016-10-18

This report uses neutron diffraction to investigate the crystal phase composition of uranium-molybdenum alloy foils (U-10Mo) for the CONVERT MP-1 Reactor Conversion Project, and determines the effect on alpha-uranium contamination following the deposition of a Zr metal diffusion layer by various methods: plasma spray deposition of Zr powders at LANL and hot co-rolling with Zr foils at BWXT. In summary, there is minimal decomposition of the gamma phase U-10Mo foil to alpha phase contamination following both plasma spraying and hot co-rolling. The average unit cell volume, i.e. lattice spacing, of the Zr layer can be mathematically extracted from the diffraction data; co-rolled Zr matches well with literature values of bulk Zr, while plasma sprayed Zr shows a slight increase in the lattice spacing, indicative of interstitial oxygen in the lattice. Neutron diffraction is a beneficial alternative to conventional methods of phase composition, i.e. x ray diffraction (XRD) and destructive metallography. XRD has minimal penetration depth in high atomic number materials, particularly uranium, and can only probe the first few microns of the fuel plate; neutrons pass completely through the foil, allowing for bulk analysis of the foil composition and no issues with addition of cladding layers, as in the final, aluminum-clad reactor fuel plates. Destructive metallography requires skilled technicians, cutting of the foil into small sections, hazardous etching conditions, long polishing and microscopy times, etc.; the neutron diffraction system has an automated sample loader and can fit larger foils, so there is minimal analysis preparation; the total spectrum acquisition time is ~ 1 hour per sample. The neutron diffraction results are limited by spectra refinement/calculation times and the availability of the neutron beam source. In the case of LANSCE at Los Alamos, the beam operates ~50% of the year. Following the lessons learned from these preliminary results, optimizations to

Non-destructive Quantitative Phase Analysis and Microstructural Characterization of Zirconium Coated U-10Mo Fuel Foils via Neutron Diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cummins, Dustin Ray; Vogel, Sven C.; Hollis, Kendall Jon; Brown, Donald William; Dombrowski, David E.

2016-01-01

This report uses neutron diffraction to investigate the crystal phase composition of uranium-molybdenum alloy foils (U-10Mo) for the CONVERT MP-1 Reactor Conversion Project, and determines the effect on alpha-uranium contamination following the deposition of a Zr metal diffusion layer by various methods: plasma spray deposition of Zr powders at LANL and hot co-rolling with Zr foils at BWXT. In summary, there is minimal decomposition of the gamma phase U-10Mo foil to alpha phase contamination following both plasma spraying and hot co-rolling. The average unit cell volume, i.e. lattice spacing, of the Zr layer can be mathematically extracted from the diffraction data; co-rolled Zr matches well with literature values of bulk Zr, while plasma sprayed Zr shows a slight increase in the lattice spacing, indicative of interstitial oxygen in the lattice. Neutron diffraction is a beneficial alternative to conventional methods of phase composition, i.e. x ray diffraction (XRD) and destructive metallography. XRD has minimal penetration depth in high atomic number materials, particularly uranium, and can only probe the first few microns of the fuel plate; neutrons pass completely through the foil, allowing for bulk analysis of the foil composition and no issues with addition of cladding layers, as in the final, aluminum-clad reactor fuel plates. Destructive metallography requires skilled technicians, cutting of the foil into small sections, hazardous etching conditions, long polishing and microscopy times, etc.; the neutron diffraction system has an automated sample loader and can fit larger foils, so there is minimal analysis preparation; the total spectrum acquisition time is ~ 1 hour per sample. The neutron diffraction results are limited by spectra refinement/calculation times and the availability of the neutron beam source. In the case of LANSCE at Los Alamos, the beam operates ~50% of the year. Following the lessons learned from these preliminary results, optimizations to

Study of the ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic phases of magnetite measured by multiple neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazzocchi, V.L.

1992-01-01

Structural parameters of the ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic phases of magnetite have been refined from neutron multiple diffraction data. Experimental multiple diffraction patterns used in the refinement, were obtained by measuring the 111 primary reflection of a natural single crystal of this compound, at room temperature for the ferrimagnetic phase and 703 0 C for the paramagnetic phase. Corresponding theoretical patterns for both phases have been calculated by the program MULTI which uses the iterative method for the intensity calculations in neutron multiple diffraction. In this method intensities are calculated as Taylor series expansions summed up to a order sufficient for a good approximation. A step by step process has been used in the refinements according to the parameter-shift method. Both isotropic and anisotropic thermal parameters were used in the calculation of the temperature factor. (author)

Diffraction plane dependency of elastic constants in ferritic steel in neutron stress measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, M.; Ishiwata, M.; Minakawa, N.; Funahashi, S.

1993-01-01

Neutron diffraction measurements have been made to investigate the elastic properties of the ferritic steel obtained from socket weld. The Kroner elastic model is found to account for the [hkl]-dependence of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio in the material. Maps of residual stress are later to be made by measuring lattice strain from shifts in the (112) diffraction peak, for which the diffraction elastic constants the herein found to be E=243±5GPa and ν=0.28±0.01. (author)

Neutron diffraction study of crystal structures of deuterated glycinium phosphite in paraelectric and ferroelectric phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Machida, Mitsuo; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Ishibashi, Toku; Taniguchi, Hiroki; Komukae, Masaru; Osaka, Toshio; Koyano, Nobumitsu

2004-01-01

Crystal structure of deuterated glycinium phosphite was studied in the paraelectric (P) phase at 348 K and in the ferroelectric (F) phase at 223 K by means of the single crystal neutron diffraction. Deuteration rate is estimated to be 0.939 by the least-squares refinement. In the P phase, quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen bond chains are built by mutually linking the DPO 3 2- anions through two different types of hydrogen bonds with the bond angles of 179.2 and 171.6deg. Two independent deuterons within the hydrogen bonds forming the chains are disordered over two sites separated by 0.545 and 0.539A. In the F phase, they order at a position nearly equal to one of two sites related by the disorder in the P phase. With the ordering of the deuterons, the P-O bonds with covalently bonded deuteron elongate, and those without covalently bonded deuteron reduce their lengths to some extend from the values determined in the P phase. Two oxygens involved in the hydrogen bond with the bond angle 179.2deg exhibits especially large displacements in the F phase. This suggests strongly an importance of this hydrogen bond in the polarization appearance and in the ferroelectric transition. Comparison with results of non-deuterated salt indicates that only the hydrogen bonds forming the chains show significant isotope shift. In particular, the hydrogen bond with the bond angle 179.2deg exhibits the most pronounced shift on the angle parameter defined by the angle between the line connecting two sites of disordered proton or deuteron and the line connecting two oxygens involved in the hydrogen bond. (author)

Small angle neutron scattering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cousin Fabrice

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS is a technique that enables to probe the 3-D structure of materials on a typical size range lying from ∼ 1 nm up to ∼ a few 100 nm, the obtained information being statistically averaged on a sample whose volume is ∼ 1 cm3. This very rich technique enables to make a full structural characterization of a given object of nanometric dimensions (radius of gyration, shape, volume or mass, fractal dimension, specific area… through the determination of the form factor as well as the determination of the way objects are organized within in a continuous media, and therefore to describe interactions between them, through the determination of the structure factor. The specific properties of neutrons (possibility of tuning the scattering intensity by using the isotopic substitution, sensitivity to magnetism, negligible absorption, low energy of the incident neutrons make it particularly interesting in the fields of soft matter, biophysics, magnetic materials and metallurgy. In particular, the contrast variation methods allow to extract some informations that cannot be obtained by any other experimental techniques. This course is divided in two parts. The first one is devoted to the description of the principle of SANS: basics (formalism, coherent scattering/incoherent scattering, notion of elementary scatterer, form factor analysis (I(q→0, Guinier regime, intermediate regime, Porod regime, polydisperse system, structure factor analysis (2nd Virial coefficient, integral equations, characterization of aggregates, and contrast variation methods (how to create contrast in an homogeneous system, matching in ternary systems, extrapolation to zero concentration, Zero Averaged Contrast. It is illustrated by some representative examples. The second one describes the experimental aspects of SANS to guide user in its future experiments: description of SANS spectrometer, resolution of the spectrometer, optimization of

Elasticity of Tantalum to 105 Gpa using a stress and angle-resolved x-ray diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cynn, H; Yoo, C S

1999-01-01

Determining the mechanical properties such as elastic constants of metals at Mbar pressures has been a difficult task in experiment. Following the development of anisotropic elastic theory by Singh et al.[l], Mao et a1.[2] have recently developed a novel experimental technique to determine the elastic constants of Fe by using the stress and energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction (SEX). In this paper, we present an improved complementary technique, stress and angle-resolved x-ray diffraction (SAX), which we have applied to determine the elastic constants of tantalum to 105 GPa. The extrapolation of the tantalum elastic data shows an excellent agreement with the low-pressure ultrasonic data[3]. We also discuss the improvement of this SAX method over the previous SEX.[elastic constant, anisotropic elastic theory, angle-dispersive synchrotron x-ray diffraction, mechanical properties

Neutron diffraction studies on structural and magnetic properties of RE2NiGe3 (RE=La, Ce)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalsi, Deepti; Rayaprol, S.; Siruguri, V.; Peter, Sebastian C.

2014-01-01

We report the crystallographic properties of RE 2 NiGe 3 (RE=La, Ce) synthesized by arc melting. Rietveld refinement on the powder neutron diffraction (ND) data suggest both compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric Er 2 RhSi 3 type structure having hexagonal space group P6 ¯ 2c. In the crystal structure of RE 2 NiGe 3 , two dimensional arrangements of nickel and germanium atoms lead to the formation of hexagonal layers with rare earth atoms sandwiched between them. Magnetic susceptibility measurements performed in low fields exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering in cerium compound around (T o =) 3.2 K. Neutron diffraction measurements at 2.8 K (i.e., at Tdiffraction lines nor indicate the appearance of any new diffraction lines in the Q-range of 0.47–7.34 Å −1 , thus ruling out any long-range magnetic order. - Graphical abstract: The compounds La 2 NiGe 3 and Ce 2 NiGe 3 crystallize in the Er 2 RhSi 3 type. Magnetic susceptibility show antiferromagnetic ordering for Ce 2 NiGe 3 at 3.2 K and neutron diffraction confirms the absence of long range ordering. - Highlights: RE 2 NiGe 3 (RE=La, Ce) crystallize in the ordered superstructure of the AlB 2 type. Magnetic susceptibility measurements exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering in Ce 2 NiGe 3 . Structure and magnetism of RE 2 NiGe 3 (RE=La, Ce) are studied by neutron diffraction

In-situ neutron diffraction measurements of temperature and stresses during friction stir welding of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woo, Wan Chuck; Feng, Zhili; Wang, Xun-Li; Brown, D.W.; Clausen, B.; An, Ke; Choo, Hahn; Hubbard, Camden R.; David, Stan A.

2007-01-01

The evolution of temperature and thermal stresses during friction stir welding of Al6061-T6 was investigated by means of in-situ, time-resolved neutron diffraction technique. A method is developed to deconvolute the temperature and stress from the lattice spacing changes measured by neutron diffraction. The deep penetration capability of neutrons made it possible for the first time to obtain the temperature and thermal stresses inside a friction stir weld

Small-angle neutron scattering in materials science - an introduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fratzl, P.

1996-01-01

The basic principles of the application of small-angle neutron scattering to materials research are summarized. The text focusses on the classical methods of data evaluation for isotropic and for anisotropic materials. Some examples of applications to the study of alloys, porous materials, composites and other complex materials are given. (author) 9 figs., 38 refs

Development of the Very Low Angle Detector (VLAD) for detection of epithermal neutrons at low momentum transfers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tardocchi, M.; Andreani, C.; Cremonesi, O.; Gorini, G.; Perelli-Cippo, E.; Pietropaolo, A.; Rhodes, N.; Schooneveld, E.; Senesi, R.

2006-01-01

New perspectives for epithermal neutron spectroscopy are opened up by the recent development of new instrumentation for inverse geometry time of flight spectrometers at pulsed neutron sources. One example is the Very Low Angle Detector (VLAD) bank which will be installed as an upgrade of the VESUVIO neutron spectrometer, at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. VLAD is developed for detecting epithermal neutrons in the 1-100 eV energy range at very low scattering angles (l deg. - 5 deg.). VLAD will extend the kinematical region covered by today's neutron scattering experiments to the region of low wave vector transfers ( -1 ) and high energy transfers (>1 eV). Accessing such kinematical region will allow new experimental studies in condensed matter systems. The neutron detection is based on Resonance Detectors (RD), which consist of the combination of a resonance foil used as neutron-to-gamma converter and a photon detector. The results obtained with a prototype VLAD detector confirm the potential of this kind of experiments at scattering angles as low as 2 deg. - 5 deg. GEANT4 simulations are used to address issues, such as detector cross talk, which arise with the construction of compact RD arrays

Textures of iron oxide ores by neutron diffraction and topotactical relation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wagner, F.; Esling, C.; Baro, R.; Englander, M.

1977-01-01

Two samples are cut from a polycrystalline haematite block. The first one is directly submitted to texture analysis by neutron diffraction, whereas the second one is first reduced into magnetite. The comparison of both textures is in agreement with a topotactical relationship previously reported for monocrystals. (orig.) [de

The challenge of observation on livings things by employing an ultra small-angle neutron scattering method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koizumi, Satoshi; Motokawa, Ryuhei; Iwase, Hiroki; Miyamoto, Nobuyoshi; Tanaka, Kazuhiro; Masui, Tomomi; Iida, You; Yue, Zhao; Chiba, Kaori; Kumada, Takayuki; Yamaguchi, Daisuke; Hashimoto, Takeji

2007-01-01

To address the question as to how small-angle scattering is effectively applied to the cell, i.e., a hierarchically ordered system comprising multi-components of macro and small molecules, the size of which ranges from 100 μm to several μm, we reconstructed SANS-J (pinhole small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer at research reactor JRR3, Tokai) to focusing and polarized neutron small-angle spectrometer (SANS-J-II), by employing focusing neutron lenses and high resolution photomultiplier. Consequently, an accessible minimum wave number q min was improved from 3x10 -3 A -1 to medium ultra-small angle scattering of 3x10 -4 A -1 . The focusing USANS method, thus developed, is crucial to fill the gap in wave number q between those covered by a double crystal method and by a conventional pin-hole method. (author)

Experimental evaluation of a polycrystal deformation modeling scheme using neutron diffraction measurements

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, Bjørn; Lorentzen, Torben

1997-01-01

The uniaxial behavior of aluminum polycrystals is simulated using a rate-independent incremental self-consistent elastic-plastic polycrystal deformation model, and the results are evaluated by neutron diffraction measurements. The elastic strains deduced from the model show good agreement...

Implementation of neutron diffraction technique at Nuclear Center of National Institute of Nuclear Research for study of materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macias Betanzos, L.R.

1993-01-01

The Neutron Diffraction technique, it's a helpful tool for the study of materials. The purpose, was to verify that such technique works with the Neutron Diffractometer of National Institute of Nuclear Research. The scope, is to study crystalline materials by the Neutron Diffraction Method, that means it completion with Bragg's Law. There exist a lot of diffraction techniques that depend on the kind of study to do. In this case the study was to measure known samples to have a correlation between parameters such a extinction factor and dislocation density. Known copper deformed samples were measured to observe the extinction effect and it could be observed. We had to calibrate the Neutron Diffractometer, the detection system and to have an optimal movement control of diffractometer devices by mean of a microcomputer. Also, was necessary to control the Reactor TRIGA operation to minimize the neutron flux oscillation. It was not possible the quantification of dislocation density in the samples because the relation signal/background was about one and it gives high inaccuracy. To correct this problem, it's necessary to have a better shielding to minimize the contribution of the background. The conclusion is that the Neutron Diffractometer is in conditions to carry out investigation on the material field, today it can be lattice constants, crystalline phases and measurements of metallic textures. For such studies, it's necessary to have samples with 2 cm 3 or higher to increase the relation signal/background. At present, we have the process software to give the interpretation of the Neutron Diffraction process. (Author). 12 refs, 16 figs

Refraction angle and edge visibility in X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Yu; Jia Quanjie; Li Gang; Wang Yuzhu; Xue Xianying; Jiang Xiaoming

2007-01-01

Diffraction-enhanced X-ray imaging could extract accurately the refraction angles of the sample, which is very important to increase the image contrast of low Z samples. In this paper, the DEI experiments with X-rays of different energies were performed both on wedge-shaped and rounded model samples. Refraction angles of the two samples were all obtained accurately, and the results agreed well with the calculations. Quantitative analyses based on Edge Visibility were performed for the wedge-shaped model sample. The results revealed that the calculated positions for the Best Edge Visibility of the slope with fixed refraction angle were calculable in good agreement with the experimental results. A quantitative research on the Edge Visibility of real tissues sample was carried out and the optimal condition for best contrast of DEI images were discussed. (authors)

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) under non-equilibrium conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oberthur, R.C.

1984-01-01

The use of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) for the study of systems under non-equilibrium conditions is illustrated by three types of experiments in the field of polymer research: - the relaxation of a system from an initial non-equilibrium state towards equilibrium, - the cyclic or repetitive installation of a series of non-equilibrium states in a system, - the steady non-equilibrium state maintained by a constant dissipation of energy within the system. Characteristic times obtained in these experiments with SANS are compared with the times obtained from quasi-elastic neutron and light scattering, which yield information about the equilibrium dynamics of the system. The limits of SANS applied to non-equilibrium systems for the measurement of relaxation times at different length scales are shown and compared to the limits of quasielastic neutron and light scattering

A time-focusing Fourier chopper time-of-flight diffractometer for large scattering angles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heinonen, R.; Hiismaeki, P.; Piirto, A.; Poeyry, H.; Tiitta, A.

1975-01-01

A high-resolution time-of-flight diffractometer utilizing time focusing principles in conjunction with a Fourier chopper is under construction at Otaniemi. The design is an improved version of a test facility which has been used for single-crystal and powder diffraction studies with promising results. A polychromatic neutron beam from a radial beam tube of the FiR 1 reactor, collimated to dia. 70 mm, is modulated by a Fourier chopper (dia. 400 mm) which is placed inside a massive boron-loaded particle board shielding of 900 mm wall thickness. A thin flat sample (5 mm x dia. 80 mm typically) is mounted on a turntable at a distance of 4 m from the chopper, and the diffracted neutrons are counted by a scintillation detector at 4 m distance from the sample. The scattering angle 2theta can be chosen between 90deg and 160deg to cover Bragg angles from 45deg up to 80deg. The angle between the chopper disc and the incident beam direction as well as the angle of the detector surface relative to the diffracted beam can be adjusted between 45deg and 90deg in order to accomplish time-focusing. In our set-up, with equal flight paths from chopper to sample and from sample to detector, the time-focusing conditions are fulfilled when the chopper and the detector are parallel to the sample-plane. The time-of-flight spectrum of the scattered neutrons is measured by the reverse time-of-flight method in which, instead of neutrons, one essentially records the modulation function of the chopper during constant periods preceding each detected neutron. With a Fourier chopper whose speed is varied in a suitable way, the method is equivalent to the conventional Fourier method but the spectrum is obtained directly without any off-line calculations. The new diffractometer is operated automatically by a Super Nova computer which not only accumulates the synthetized diffraction pattern but also controls the chopper speed according to the modulation frequency sweep chosen by the user to obtain a

Time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering study on soap-free emulsion polymerization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Motokawa, Ryuhei [Research Group of Soft Matter and Neutron Scattering, Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Koizumi, Satoshi [Research Group of Soft Matter and Neutron Scattering, Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan)]. E-mail: koizumi@neutrons.tokai.jaeri.go.jp; Hashimoto, Takeji [Research Group of Soft Matter and Neutron Scattering, Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Nakahira, Takayuki [Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522 (Japan); Annaka, Masahiko [Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan)

2006-11-15

We investigated an aqueous soap-free emulsion polymerization process of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) by ultra-small-angle and time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering methods. The results indicate that the compartmentalization of chain end radicals into solid-like micelle cores crucially leads to the quasi-living behavior of the radical polymerization by prohibiting recombination process.

Small-angle neutron scattering studies of nonionic surfactant: Effect

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Micellar solution of nonionic surfactant -dodecyloligo ethyleneoxide surfactant, decaoxyethylene monododecyl ether [CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)10OH], C12E10 in D2O solution have been analysed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at different temperatures (30, 45 and 60°C) both in the presence and absence of ...

Small-angle scattering at a pulsed neutron source: comparison with a steady-state reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Borso, C S; Carpenter, J M; Williamson, F S; Holmblad, G L; Mueller, M H; Faber, J Jr; Epperson, J E; Danyluk, S S [Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)

1982-08-01

A time-of-flight small-angle diffractometer employing seven tapered collimator elements and a two-dimensional gas proportional counter was successfully utilized to collect small-angle scattering data from a solution sample of the lipid salt cetylpyridinium chloride, C/sub 21/H/sub 38/N/sup +/.Cl/sup -/, at the Argonne National Laboratory prototype pulsed spallation neutron source, ZING-P'. Comparison of the small-angle scattering observed from the same compound at the University of Missouri Research Reactor corroborated the ZING-P' results. The results are used to compare the neutron flux available from the ZING-P' source relative to the well characterized University of Missouri source. Calculations based on experimentally determined parameters indicated the time-averaged rate of detected neutrons at the ZING-P' pulsed spallation source to have been at least 33% higher than the steady-state count rate from the same sample. Differences between time-of-flight techniques and conventional steady-state techniques are discussed.

Neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress in a powder metallurgy component

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schneider, L.C.R.; Hainsworth, S.V.; Cocks, A.C.F.; Fitzpatrick, M.E.

2005-01-01

Residual stresses in a typical industrial green component were determined using neutron diffraction. The measured residual stresses were found to correlate with cross-sectional variations. Residual stress at the edge of the compact in contact with the die wall during compaction reached up to +80 MPa (tension) and -100 MPa (compression)

Small-angle scattering studies of the fully hydrated phospholipid DPPC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mason, P.C.; Gaulin, B.D. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 (CANADA); Epand, R.M. [Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5 (CANADA); Wignall, G.D.; Lin, J.S. [Center for Small-Angle Scattering Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States)

1999-01-01

Small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering studies have been carried out on fully hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar vesicles. This system is known to exhibit two distinct ripple (P{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}}) phases, which depend on sample history, at temperatures intermediate to its high-temperature liquid crystalline (L{sub {alpha}}), phase, and its low-temperature gel (L{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}}), phase. On cooling from the L{sub {alpha}} phase, the P{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}} phase displays a complex multipeak diffraction pattern that differs significantly from the diffraction pattern seen in the P{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}} phase obtained on warming from the L{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}} phase. Examining the P{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}} phase on cooling using small-angle neutron scattering and x-ray diffraction techniques leads to the conclusion that this phase is characterized by a long wavelength ripple ({lambda}{sub r}{approximately}330thinsp{Angstrom}) and a highly monoclinic unit cell ({gamma}{approximately}125{degree}). As the P{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}} phase is traversed in temperature, the ripple wavelength changes significantly while the monoclinicity remains unchanged. Ripples from the P{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}} phase are seen to persist into the L{sub {beta}{sup {prime}}} phase on cooling, leading to increased small-angle scattering characteristic of a disordered stacking of the lamellae. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}

Resolution effects and analysis of small-angle neutron scattering data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, J.S.

1993-01-01

A discussion of the instrumental smearing effects for small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data sets is given. It is shown that these effects can be described by a resolution function, which describes the distribution of scattering vectors probed for the nominal values of the scattering vector...

Neutron Diffraction from the Second Layer of 4He on Graphite

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

da Costa Carneiro, Kim; Passell, L.; Thomlinson, W.

1981-01-01

Neutron diffraction has been used to study the second atomic layer of **4He adsorbed on graphite. As the **4He-coverage exceeds the first layer, the second initially forms a fluid phase. But when there is enough **4He in the third layer to compress the second, this layer solidifies. The structure...

Practical conditions in the neutron diffraction under high pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamigaki, Kazuo; Ohashi, Masayoshi

1993-01-01

Practical analysis is made on some conditions in utilizing neutrons for the study of atomistic structure of materials under high pressure. Investigation is made on the geometrical conditions; size of the specimen, width of slits, and the rate of extra-scattering. Experiments are performed on the effects of absorption by high pressure cell and the disturbance due to an overlapping of diffraction peaks. An observation is presented on the pressure-induced transformation in RbBr. (author)

Deformation behavior of Mg-alloy-based composites at different temperatures studied by neutron diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farkas, Gergely [Department of Metal Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu, 5, CZ-121 16 Prague (Czech Republic); Nuclear Physics Institute, v. v. i., 250 68 Řež (Czech Republic); Máthis, Kristian [Department of Metal Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu, 5, CZ-121 16 Prague (Czech Republic); Pilch, Ján [Nuclear Physics Institute, v. v. i., 250 68 Řež (Czech Republic); Minárik, Peter [Department of Metal Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu, 5, CZ-121 16 Prague (Czech Republic); Lukáš, Petr [Nuclear Physics Institute, v. v. i., 250 68 Řež (Czech Republic); Vinogradov, Alexei, E-mail: alexei.vinogradov@ntnu.no [Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim N-7491 (Norway); Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 (Russian Federation)

2017-02-08

The influence of the reinforcement short Saffil fibers on the deformation behavior of Mg-Al-Ca alloy-based composite with two different fiber plane orientations is investigated and clarified using in-situ neutron diffraction at room and elevated temperatures. The measured lattice strain evolution points to a more efficient reinforcing effect of fibers at parallel fiber plane orientation, which decreases at elevated temperature. A significant decrement of compressive lattice strain was incidentally observed in the matrix in the direction of load axis when deformation due to the elevated temperature occurred. Electron microscopy revealed the influence of the temperature and fiber orientation on fiber cracking. The EBSD observations corroborated neutron diffraction results highlighting significant twin growth at elevated testing temperatures.

Deformation processes in functional materials studied by in situ neutron diffraction and ultrasonic techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sittner, P.; Novak, V.; Landa, M.; Lukas, P.

2007-01-01

The unique thermomechanical functions of shape memory alloys (hysteretic stress-strain-temperature responses) not their structural properties (as strength, fatigue, corrosion resistance, etc.) are primarily utilized in engineering applications. In order to better understand and predict the functional behavior, we have recently employed two dedicated non-invasive in situ experimental methods capable to follow the deformation/transformation processes in thermomechanically loaded polycrystalline samples. The in situ neutron diffraction method takes advantage of the ability of thermal neutrons to penetrate bulk samples. As a diffraction technique sensitive to interplanar spacings in crystalline solids, it provides in situ information on the changes in crystal structure, phase composition, phase stress and texture in the transforming samples. The combined in situ ultrasonic and electric resistance method follows variations of the electric resistance as well as speed and attenuation of acoustic waves propagating through the transforming sample. The acoustic waves are mainly sensitive to changes of elastic properties accompanying the deformation/transformation processes. The latter method thus follows the changes in interatomic bonds rather than changes in the interplanar lattice spacings focused in the neutron diffraction method. The methods are thus complementary. They are briefly described and selected experimental results obtained recently on NiTi alloys are presented and discussed

Soller collimators for small angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crawford, R.K.; Epperson, J.E.; Thiyagarajan, P.

1989-01-01

The neutron beam transmitted through the soller collimators on the SAD (Small Angle Diffractometer) instrument at IPNS (Intense Pulsed Neutron Source) showed wings about the main beam. These wings were quite weak, but were sufficient to interfere with the low-Q scattering data. General considerations of the theory of reflection from homogeneous absorbing media, combined with the results from a Monte Carlo simulation, suggested that these wings were due to specular reflection of neutrons from the absorbing material on the surfaces of the collimator blades. The simulations showed that roughness of the surface was extremely important, with wing background variations of three orders of magnitude being observed with the range of roughness values used in the simulations. Based on the results of these simulations, new collimators for SAD were produced with a much rougher 10 B-binder surface coating on the blades. These new collimators were determined to be significantly better than the original SAD collimators. This work suggests that any soller collimators designed for use with long wavelengths should be fabricated with such a rough surface coating, in order to eliminate (or at least minimize) the undesirable reflection effects which otherwise seem certain to occur. 4 refs., 6 figs

Characterization of alumina using small angle neutron scattering (SANS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Megat Harun Al Rashidn Megat Ahmad; Abdul Aziz Mohamed; Azmi Ibrahim; Che Seman Mahmood; Edy Giri Rachman Putra; Muhammad Rawi Muhammad Zin; Razali Kassim; Rafhayudi Jamro

2007-01-01

Alumina powder was synthesized from an aluminium precursor and studied using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique and complemented with transmission electron microscope (TEM). XRD measurement confirmed that the alumina produced was high purity and highly crystalline αphase. SANS examination indicates the formation of mass fractals microstructures with fractal dimension of about 2.8 on the alumina powder. (Author)

Neutron irradiated uranium silicides studied by neutron diffraction and Rietveld analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Birtcher, R.C.; Mueller, M.H.; Richardson, J.W. Jr.; Faber, J. Jr.

1989-11-01

Uranium silicides have been considered for use as reactor fuels in both high power and low enrichment applications. However, U 3 Si was found to become amorphous under irradiation and to become mechanically unstable to rapid growth by plastic flow. U 2 Si 2 appears to be stable against amorphization at low displacement rates, but the extent of this stability is uncertain. Although the mechanisms responsible for plastic flow in U 3 Si and other amorphous systems are unknown, as is the importance of crystal structure for amorphization, it may not be surprising that these materials amorphize, in light of the fact that many radioactive nuclide - containing minerals are known to metaminctize (lose crystallinity) under irradiation. The present experiment follows the detailed changes in the crystal structures of U 3 Si and U 3 Si 2 introduced by neutron bombardment and subsequent uranium fission at room temperature. U-Si seems the ideal system for a neutron diffraction investigation since the crystallographic and amorphous forms can be studied simultaneously by combining conventional Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic phases with Fourier-filtering of the non-crystalline scattering component

High-energy X-ray diffraction studies of disordered materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kohara, Shinji; Suzuya, Kentaro

2003-01-01

With the arrival of the latest generation of synchrotron sources and the introduction of advanced insertion devices (wigglers and undulators), the high-energy (E≥50 keV) X-ray diffraction technique has become feasible, leading to new approaches in the quantitative study of the structure of disordered materials. High-energy X-ray diffraction has several advantages: higher resolution in real space due to a wide range of scattering vector Q, smaller correction terms (especially the absorption correction), reduction of truncation errors, the feasibility of running under extreme environments, including high-temperatures and high-pressures, and the ability to make direct comparisons between X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Recently, high-energy X-ray diffraction data have been combined with neutron diffraction data from a pulsed source to provide more detailed and reliable structural information than that hitherto available

Wide-angle display developments by computer graphics

Science.gov (United States)

Fetter, William A.

1989-01-01

Computer graphics can now expand its new subset, wide-angle projection, to be as significant a generic capability as computer graphics itself. Some prior work in computer graphics is presented which leads to an attractive further subset of wide-angle projection, called hemispheric projection, to be a major communication media. Hemispheric film systems have long been present and such computer graphics systems are in use in simulators. This is the leading edge of capabilities which should ultimately be as ubiquitous as CRTs (cathode-ray tubes). These assertions are not from degrees in science or only from a degree in graphic design, but in a history of computer graphics innovations, laying groundwork by demonstration. The author believes that it is timely to look at several development strategies, since hemispheric projection is now at a point comparable to the early stages of computer graphics, requiring similar patterns of development again.

Neutron Diffraction Residual Strain Tensor Measurements Within The Phase IA Weld Mock-up Plate P-5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hubbard, Camden R [ORNL

2011-09-01

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has worked with NRC and EPRI to apply neutron and X-ray diffraction methods to characterize the residual stresses in a number of dissimilar metal weld mockups and samples. The design of the Phase IA specimens aimed to enable stress measurements by several methods and computational modeling of the weld residual stresses. The partial groove in the 304L stainless steel plate was filled with weld beads of Alloy 82. A summary of the weld conditions for each plate is provided in Table 1. The plates were constrained along the long edges during and after welding by bolts with spring-loaded washers attached to the 1-inch thick Al backing plate. The purpose was to avoid stress relief due to bending of the welded stainless steel plate. The neutron diffraction method was one of the methods selected by EPRI for non-destructive through thickness strain and stress measurement. Four different plates (P-3 to P-6) were studied by neutron diffraction strain mapping, representing four different welding conditions. Through thickness neutron diffraction strain mappings at NRSF2 for the four plates and associated strain-free d-zero specimens involved measurement along seven lines across the weld and at six to seven depths. The mountings of each plate for neutron diffraction measurements were such that the diffraction vector was parallel to each of the three primary orthogonal directions of the plate: two in-plane directions, longitudinal and transverse, and the direction normal to the plate (shown in left figure within Table 1). From the three orthogonal strains for each location, the residual stresses along the three plate directions were calculated. The principal axes of the strain and stress tensors, however, need not necessarily align with the plate coordinate system. To explore this, plate P-5 was selected for examination of the possibility that the principal axes of strain are not along the sample coordinate system axes. If adequate data could

Characterization of neutron-irradiated HT-UPS steel by high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Xuan, E-mail: xuanzhang@anl.gov [Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 (United States); Park, Jun-Sang; Almer, Jonathan [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 (United States); Li, Meimei [Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 (United States)

2016-04-01

This paper presents the first measurement of neutron-irradiated microstructure using far-field high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy (FF-HEDM) in a high-temperature ultrafine-precipitate-strengthened (HT-UPS) austenitic stainless steel. Grain center of mass, grain size distribution, crystallographic orientation (texture), diffraction spot broadening and lattice constant distributions of individual grains were obtained for samples in three different conditions: non-irradiated, neutron-irradiated (3dpa/500 °C), and irradiated + annealed (3dpa/500 °C + 600 °C/1 h). It was found that irradiation caused significant increase in grain-level diffraction spot broadening, modified the texture, reduced the grain-averaged lattice constant, but had nearly no effect on the average grain size and grain size distribution, as well as the grain size-dependent lattice constant variations. Post-irradiation annealing largely reversed the irradiation effects on texture and average lattice constant, but inadequately restored the microstrain.

The time-of-flight small-angle neutron diffractometer (SAD) at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thiyagarajan, P.; Epperson, J.E.; Crawford, R.K.; Carpenter, J.M.; Klippert, T.E.; Wozniak, D.G.

1997-01-01

The design, development and performance of the time-of-flight (TOF) small-angle diffractometer (SAD) at the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) at Argonne National Laboratory are described. Similar TOF-SANS instruments are in operation at the pulsed neutron sources at Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, England, and at KEK, Japan. These instruments have an advantage by comparison with their steady-state counterparts in that a relatively wide range of momentum transfer (q) can be monitored in a single experiment without the need to alter the collimation or the sample-to-detector distance. This feature makes SANS experiments easy and very effective for studying systems such as those undergoing phase transitions under different conditions, samples that cannot be easily reproduced for repetitive experiments, and systems under high temperature, pressure or shear. Three standard samples are used to demonstrate that the quality of the SANS data from SAD is comparable with those from other established steady-state SANS facilities. Two examples are given to illustrate that the wide q region accessible in a single measurement at SAD is very effective for following the time-dependent phase transitions in paraffins and temperature- and pressure-dependent phase transitions in model biomembranes. (orig.)

Small angle neutron scattering studies of mixed micelles of sodium

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The aqueous solutions of sodium cumene sulphonate (NaCS) and its mixtures with each of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) are characterized by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). NaCS when added to CTAB solution leads to the formation of long rod-shaped micelles with ...

Small angle neutron scattering from hydrated cement pastes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabine, T.M.; Bertram, W.K.; Aldridge, L.P.

1996-01-01

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study the microstructure of hydrating cement made with, and without silica fume. Some significant differences were found between the SANS spectra of pastes made from OPC (ordinary Portland cement) and DSP (made with silica fume and superplasticiser). The SANS spectra are interpreted in terms of scattering from simple particles. Particle growth was monitored during hydration and it was found that the growth correlated with the heat of hydration of the cement

Structure solution from powder neutron and x-ray diffraction data: getting the best of both worlds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, B.A.

2000-01-01

Full text: Powder diffraction methods have traditionally been used in three main areas: phase identification and quantification, lattice parameter determination and structure refinement. Until recently structure solution has been the almost exclusive domain of single crystal diffraction methods, predominantly using x-rays. The increasing use of synchrotron and neutron sources, and the unrelenting advances in computing hardware and software means that powder methods are challenging single crystal methods as a practical method for structure solution, especially when single crystal method can not be applied. It is known that structural refinements from a known starting structure using combined X-ray and neutron data sets are capable of providing highly accurate structures. Likewise, using combined x-ray and neutron powder diffraction data in the structure solution process should also be a powerful technique, although to date no one is pursuing this methodology. This paper present examples of solutions to the problem. Namely we are using high resolution powder X-ray and neutron methods to solve the structures of molecular materials and minerals, then refining the structures using both sets of data. In this way we exploit the advantages of both methods while minimising the disadvantages. We present our solution for a small amino acid structure, a metalorganic and a mineral structure

Analytical model for neutron diffraction peak shifts due to the surface effect

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šaroun, Jan; Kornmeier, J. R.; Hofmann, M.; Mikula, Pavol; Vrána, Miroslav

2013-01-01

Roč. 46, č. 6 (2013), s. 628-638 ISSN 0021-8898 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP204/10/0654 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : residual-stress * neutron diffraction * Monte Carlo simulation Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.950, year: 2013

Proceedings of the workshop on neutron scattering instrumentation for SNQ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scherm, R.; Stiller, H.

1984-10-01

These proceedings contain the articles presented at the named workshop. These concern instrumentation for neutron diffraction with special regards to small angle scattering, diffuse scattering, inelastic scattering, high resolution spectroscopy, and special techniques. (HSI)

Use of neutron diffraction in determining strains in high-temperaure superconducting composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hitterman, R.L.; Faber, J. Jr.; Kupperman, D.S.; Singh, J.P.; Majumdar, S.

1990-01-01

The Argonne Intense Pulsed Neutron Source and General Purpose Powder Diffractometer have been used to study high T c metal oxide composites composed of yttrium barium copper oxide and silver. Neutron diffraction techniques were applied to composites with 15, 20 and 30% silver content by volume. The authors have observed that after hot pressing, the 30% Ag specimens contained both orthorhombic high T c and tetragonal, non-superconducting phases near the center of the specimens but only tetragonal near the surface. The relationship of shifts in Bragg peaks to strains of the constituents is discussed

Neutron-diffraction measurement of residual stresses in Al-Cu cold-cut welding

Science.gov (United States)

Fiori, F.; Marcantoni, M.

Usually, when it is necessary to join different materials with a large difference in their melting points, welding should be avoided. To overcome this problem we designed and built a device to obtain cold-cut welding, which is able to strongly decrease oxidation problems of the surfaces to be welded. Thanks to this device it is possible to achieve good joining between different pairs of materials (Al-Ti, Cu-Al, Cu-Al alloys) without reaching the material melting point. The mechanical and microstructural characterisation of the joining and the validation of its quality were obtained using several experimental methods. In particular, in this work neutron-diffraction experiments for the evaluation of residual stresses in Cu-Al junctions are described, carried out at the G5.2 diffractometer of LLB, Saclay. Neutron-diffraction results are presented and related to other experimental tests such as microstructural characterisation (through optical and scanning electron microscopy) and mechanical characterisation (tensile-strength tests) of the welded interface.

Neutron-diffraction measurement of residual stresses in Al-Cu cold-cut welding

CERN Document Server

Fiori, F

2002-01-01

Usually, when it is necessary to join different materials with a large difference in their melting points, welding should be avoided. To overcome this problem we designed and built a device to obtain cold-cut welding, which is able to strongly decrease oxidation problems of the surfaces to be welded. Thanks to this device it is possible to achieve good joining between different pairs of materials (Al-Ti, Cu-Al, Cu-Al alloys) without reaching the material melting point. The mechanical and microstructural characterisation of the joining and the validation of its quality were obtained using several experimental methods. In particular, in this work neutron-diffraction experiments for the evaluation of residual stresses in Cu-Al junctions are described, carried out at the G5.2 diffractometer of LLB, Saclay. Neutron-diffraction results are presented and related to other experimental tests such as microstructural characterisation (through optical and scanning electron microscopy) and mechanical characterisation (ten...

Small angle neutron scattering studies on the interaction of cationic

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The structure of the protein–surfactant complex of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cationic surfactants has been studied by small angle neutron scattering. At low concentrations, the CTAB monomers are observed to bind to the protein leading to an increase in its size. On the other hand at high concentrations, surfactant ...

Commercial applications of neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hutchings, M.T.

1993-01-01

The fact that industry is now willing to pay the full commercial cost for certain neutron scattering experiments aimed at solving its urgent materials - related problems is a true testimony to the usefulness of neutrons as microscopic probes. This paper gives examples of such use of three techniques drawn mainly from our experience at AEA Technology Harwell Laboratory. These are diffraction to measure residual stress, small angle neutron scattering to examine hardening precipitates in ferritic steels brought about by irradiation, and reflectivity to study amorphous diamond layers deposited on silicon. In most cases it is the penetrative power of the neutron which proves to be its best asset for commercial industrial applicaitons. (author)

Inclusive zero-angle neutron spectra at the ISR and OPER-model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grigoryan, A.A.

1977-01-01

The invlusive zero-angle neutron spectra in pp-collisions measured at the ISR are compared with the OPER-model predictions. OPER-model rather well describes the experimental data. Some features of the spectra behaviour at fixed transverse momentum and large x are considered

Investigation of metallic and ceramic materials by small-angle neutron scattering

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Smirnov, YI; Elyutin, NO

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements on a double-crystal spectrometer with perfect monochromator and analyzer crystals were used to follow microstructural changes in the aluminum alloy VD-17. refractory alloy ZhS-6, and dispersion-hardened zirconia-based ceramics with yttria additions. The

Single-crystal neutron diffraction at the Australian Replacement Research Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klooster, W.T.

2001-01-01

The purpose of the workshop was to: identify the future needs and opportunities for single-crystal neutron diffraction, and specify instrument requirements. important number of experiments. The conclusion of the workshop deliberation was that Australia has a diverse community of users of single-crystal neutron diffraction. A (quasi)-Laue image-plate diffractometer allows the fastest throughput by far, but would exclude an important number of experiments. Most of these could be covered by the additional possibility to locate the image-plate detector on a monochromatic beam. Therefore it was recommend both a white thermal beam and a monochromatic beam (λ= 1 to 2.4 Angstroms) for an image-plate detector. At little additional cost the existing 2TanA instrument could be located semi-permanently on the same monochromatic beam, thus offering three quite different types of single-crystal instruments. Small improvements could be made to the 2TanA instrument to cater for the remaining experiments not suited to an image-plate diffractometer: exchange of the Eulerian cradle for an automated tilt goniometer for extremely bulky sample environment (cryomagnets, large pressure cells), optional larger area detector, analyser crystal. It was recommended that an Instrument Advisory Team will be assembled, and will help in specifying, designing and commissioning the instrument

Direct observation of the near-surface layer in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 using neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conlon, K.H.; Whan, T.; Fox, J.H.; Luo, H.; Viehland, D.; Li, J.F.; Stock, C.; Shirane, G.

2004-01-01

Spatially resolved neutron diffraction as a function of crystal depth in Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 reveals the presence of a distinct near-surface region where a strong distortion in the lattice exists. A dramatic change in both the lattice constant and the Bragg peak intensity as a function of crystal depth is observed to occur in this region over a length scale ∼100 μm. This confirms a previous assertion, based on a comparison between high-energy x rays and neutrons, that such a near surface region exists in the relaxors. Consequences to both single crystal and powder diffraction measurements and previous bulk neutron diffraction measurements on large single crystals are discussed

Neutron und X-ray diffraction study on the superstructure of a sodium-rich low plagioclase An sub(16.5)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joswig, W.; Korekawa, M.

1977-01-01

Neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments had been carried out on a sodium-rich low plagioclase Ansub(16.5) from Sultan Hamud, Kenya. In constrast to previous work very weak (g) reflections (satellites) for all reflections Okl, except reflections 001, could be observed. It is shown that the neutron diffraction method is advantageous to study on submicroscopic periodic domain structure as reported here. (orig.) [de

JMFA2—a graphically interactive Java program that fits microfibril angle X-ray diffraction data

Science.gov (United States)

Steve P. Verrill; David E. Kretschmann; Victoria L. Herian

2006-01-01

X-ray diffraction techniques have the potential to decrease the time required to determine microfibril angles dramatically. In this paper, we discuss the latest version of a curve-fitting toll that permits us to reduce the time required to evaluate MFA X-ray diffraction patterns. Further, because this tool reflects the underlying physics more accurately than existing...

Through-thickness Residual Stress Measurement by Neutron Diffraction in Cu+W Plasma Spray Coatings

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Luzin, V.; Matějíček, Jiří; Gnäupel-Herold, T.

2010-01-01

Roč. 652, č. 652 (2010), s. 50-56 ISSN 1662-9752. [International Conference on Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation/5th./. Mito, 10.11.2009-12.11.2009] R&D Projects: GA MŠk ME 901 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20430508 Keywords : fusion materials * plasma sprayed coatings * residual stress * neutron diffraction Subject RIV: JG - Metallurgy http://www.scientific.net/MSF.652.50

Investigation of digestion Kinetics in commercial starches using in-situ small-angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blazek, Jaroslav; Gilbert, Elliot Paul

2009-01-01

Full text: The digestion of starch has been the subject of many investigations, mostly involving in vitro measurement of the susceptibility of starches to attack by different enzymes, rather than measuring actual digestibility in vivo. The rate and extent of amylolytic hydrolysis of granular starches is known to vary according to botanical origin. Granule characteristics considered to influence susceptibility to attack by alpha-amylase include crystallinity, granule size and available specific surface, amylose content, porosity, structural inhomogeneities and degree of integrity. Most in-vitro studies of granular starch digestion have been limited to samples for which aliquots have been removed from the reaction mixture at various time intervals and freeze-dried to be subsequently characterized using a range of techniques. It remains unclear whether sample preparation creates artefacts in the samples. In this study, we have studied the kinetics of starch digestion of several commercial granular starches by time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering using an in-situ digestion chamber allowing, for the first time, to follow structural changes of starch in the course of digestion directly in the digestion mixture. Additionally, samples before and after digestion were studied by x-ray diffraction, small-angle x-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and microscopy. Microscopy revealed that studied starches, which varied in their amylose content and digestion kinetics, followed different modes of attack The multidisciplinary approach allowed the nanostructural changes detected by small-angle scattering in the course of enzymic breakdown to be correlated with changes in crystallinity and functional properties.

Dose equivalent response of personal neutron dosemeters as a function of angle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanner, J.E.; McDonald, J.C.; Stewart, R.D.; Wernli, C.

1997-01-01

The measured and calculated dose equivalent response as a function of angle has been examined for an albedo-type thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) that was exposed to unmoderated and D 2 O-moderated 252 Cf neutron sources while mounted on a 40 x 40 15 cm 3 polymethylmethacrylate phantom. The dosemeter used in this study is similar to many neutron personal dosemeters currently in use. The detailed construction of the dosemeter was modelled, and the dose equivalent response was calculated, using the MCNP code. Good agreement was found between the measured and calculated values of the relative dose equivalent angular response for the TLD albedo dosemeter. The relative dose equivalent angular response was also compared with the values of directional and personal dose equivalent as a function of angle published by Siebert and Schuhmacher. (author)

Determination of the zero in the Two theta angle and the wavelength in the neutron diffractometer for the Cyber computer of the ININ and for the IBM compatible microcomputers; Determinacion del cero en el angulo Dos teta y la longitud de onda en el difractometro de neutrones para la computadora Cyber del ININ y para microcomputadoras compatibles con IBM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Macias B, L R

1991-05-15

The objective of this work consists on determining the calibration in the angular parameters and the neutron wavelength used in the neutron diffractometer of the TRIGA Mark III reactor, through some readings in that a well-known sample is used by means of a Fortran computer program that is used in the CYBER computer of the ININ in Mexico, and/or in micro computers compatible with IBM. The program was also designed to determine the zero of the 2 {theta} angle of the goniometer of the diffractometer. The generated data were proven by means of well-known data of the Powder Diffraction File of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). (Author)

Historical review of neutron spectrometry and diffraction in Brazil - 50 years

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voi, Dante L.; Ferreira, Francisco J.O.; Stasiulevicius, Roberto; Rodrigues, Claudio; Parente, Carlos B.R.; Mazzocchi, Vera L.; Mestnik Filho, Jose; Pugliesi, Reinaldo

2011-01-01

Neutron Spectrometry and Diffraction techniques began to be studied in Brazil with the construction of the first research reactors in the years 50 and 60, and were developed with the participation of national and international scientists. In particular, we note the perseverance of the Brazilian pioneer of nuclear energy, Dr. Marcello Damy de Souza Santos, and from that time, with the involvement of some of the early pioneers, such as the physicist Roberto Stasiulevicius, who had the privilege of working in all three Brazilian nuclear research reactors. All these scientists shared half a century of acquired knowledge, helping in the training of a number of experts who are now working in national and international nuclear institutes. The present work reviews in chronological order, the testimony of the historical facts associated with the development and application of experimental techniques using neutrons as a tool for materials analysis and studies for many areas of the sciences and also with the training of personnel. IPEN, IEN and CDTN, all institutes of the CNEN-Brazil, are important in the national and international scene as a result of the research carried out there and the large number of publications produced in the field of neutron spectrometry and diffraction from experimental work carried out using the IEA (5MW), Argonauta (5kW) and more recently, the IPR (250kW) research reactors. An extensive bibliography is also presented and this can be disseminated to everyone interested. (author)

Neutron diffraction studies on cobalt substituted BiFeO3

Science.gov (United States)

Ray, J.; Biswal, A. K.; Acharya, S.; Babu, P. D.; Siruguri, V.; Vishwakarma, P. N.

2013-02-01

A dilute concentration of single phase Cobalt substituted Bismuth ferrite, BiFe1-XCoXO3; (x=0, 0.02) is prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method. Room temperature neutron diffraction patterns show no change in the crystal and magnetic structure upon cobalt doping. The calculation of magnetic moments shows 3.848 μB for Fe+ and 2.85 μB for Co3+. The cobalt is found to be in intermediate spin state.

Nanocrystallite characterization of milled simulated dry process fuel powders by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryu, Ho Jin; Kang, Kwon Ho; Moon, Je Sun; Song, Kee Chan; Choi, Yong Nam

2003-01-01

The nano-scale crystallite sizes of simulated spent fuel powders were measured by the neutron diffraction line broadening method in order to analyze the sintering behavior of the dry process fuel. The mixed U0 2 and fission product oxide powders were dry-milled in an attritor for 30, 60, and 120 min. The diffraction patterns of the powders were obtained by using the high resolution powder diffractometer in the HANARO research reactor. Diffraction line broadening due to crystallite size was measured using various techniques such as the Stokes' deconvolution, profile fitting methods using Cauchy function, Gaussian function, and Voigt function, and the Warren-Averbach method. The r.m.s. strain, stacking fault, twin and dislocation density were measured using the information from the diffraction pattern. The realistic crystallite size can be obtained after separation of the contribution from the non-uniform strain, stacking fault and twin

Investigation of TbMn2O5 by polarized neutron diffraction.

Science.gov (United States)

Zobkalo, I A; Gavrilov, S V; Sazonov, A; Hutanu, V

2018-05-23

In order to make a new approach to the elucidation of the microscopic mechanisms of multiferroicity in the RMn 2 O 5 family, experiments with different methods of polarized neutrons scattering were performed on a TbMn 2 O 5 single crystal. We employed three different techniques of polarized neutron diffraction without the analysis after scattering, the XYZ-polarization analysis, and technique of spherical neutron polarimetry (SNP). Measurements with SNP were undertaken both with and without external electric field. A characteristic difference in the population of 'right' and 'left' helix domains in all magnetically ordered phases of TbMn 2 O 5 , was observed. This difference can be controlled by an external electric field in the field-cooled mode. The analysis of the results gives an evidence that antisymmetric Dzyaloshinsky-Moria exchange is effective in all the magnetic phases in TbMn 2 O 5 .

Investigation of TbMn2O5 by polarized neutron diffraction

Science.gov (United States)

Zobkalo, I. A.; Gavrilov, S. V.; Sazonov, A.; Hutanu, V.

2018-05-01

In order to make a new approach to the elucidation of the microscopic mechanisms of multiferroicity in the RMn2O5 family, experiments with different methods of polarized neutrons scattering were performed on a TbMn2O5 single crystal. We employed three different techniques of polarized neutron diffraction without the analysis after scattering, the XYZ-polarization analysis, and technique of spherical neutron polarimetry (SNP). Measurements with SNP were undertaken both with and without external electric field. A characteristic difference in the population of ‘right’ and ‘left’ helix domains in all magnetically ordered phases of TbMn2O5, was observed. This difference can be controlled by an external electric field in the field-cooled mode. The analysis of the results gives an evidence that antisymmetric Dzyaloshinsky-Moria exchange is effective in all the magnetic phases in TbMn2O5.

A detailed study of the amorphisation reaction in NiMo alloys by diffraction and scattering methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rose, P.

1995-01-01

X-ray and neutron diffraction and neutron small angle scattering (SAS) measurements have been made on NiMo specimens prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). We have extended our earlier studies and measured a new series of MA treated NiMo samples. Molybdenum scatters X-rays more strongly than nickel, but with neutrons, the reverse is the case. Analysis of the X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns together, therefore provides an accurate measurement of the consumption of both constituents in the reaction. The diffraction data on the new samples confirm that the consumption of the parent crystalline materials follows an exponential dependence with the time of MA treatment and also provides evidence of a ''delayed start'' to the reaction. This is consistent with an initial period of mixing of the constituents before the onset of (atomic) interdiffusion and amorphisation. The neutron SAS experiments have been made on Ni 47.7 Mo 52.3 MA treated specimens, which can be ''contrast-matched'' to reduce the scattering from the external surfaces of the powder grains. The new neutron SAS data confirm the presence of fractal surfaces between the alloy constituents, for samples in the early stages of the MA process. (orig.)

Neutron powder diffraction and theory-aided structure refinement of rubidium and cesium ureate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sterri, Kjersti B.; Deringer, Volker L.; Houben, Andreas; Jacobs, Philipp [RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Inst. of Inorganic Chemistry; Kumar, Chogondahalli M.N. [Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Outstation at SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN (United States). Chemical and Engineering Materials Div.; Dronskowski, Richard [RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Inst. of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-HPC)

2016-08-01

Urea (CN{sub 2}H{sub 4}O) is a fundamental biomolecule whose derivatives are abundant throughout chemistry. Among the latter, rubidium ureate (RbCN{sub 2}H{sub 3}O) and its cesium analog (CsCN{sub 2}H{sub 3}O) have been described only very recently and form the first structurally characterized salts of deprotonated urea. Here, we report on a neutron diffraction study on the aforementioned alkaline-metal ureates, which affords the positions for all hydrogen atoms (including full anisotropic displacement tensors) and thus allows us to gain fundamental insights into the hydrogen-bonding networks in the title compounds. The structure refinements of the experimental neutron data proceeded successfully using starting parameters from ab initio simulations of atomic positions and anisotropic displacement parameters. Such joint experimental-theoretical refinement procedures promise significant practical potential in cases where complex solids (organic, organometallic, framework materials) are studied by powder diffraction.

The use of deuterated ethyl acetate in highly concentrated electrolyte as a low-cost solvent for in situ neutron diffraction measurements of Li-ion battery electrodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petibon, R.; Li, Jing; Sharma, Neeraj; Pang, Wei Kong; Peterson, Vanessa K.; Dahn, J.R.

2015-01-01

A low-cost deuterated electrolyte suitable for in situ neutron diffraction measurements of normal and high voltage Li-ion battery electrodes is reported here. Li[Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 ]O 2 /graphite (NMC(442)/graphite) pouch cells filled with 1:0.1:2 (molar ratio) of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSi):LiPF 6 : ethyl acetate (EA) and LiFSi:LiPF 6 :deuterated EA (d8-EA) electrolytes were successfully cycled between 2.8 V and 4.7 V at 40°C for 250 h without significant capacity loss, polarization growth, or gas production. The signal-to-noise ratio of neutron powder diffraction patterns taken on NMC(442) powder with a conventional deuterated organic carbonate-based electrolyte and filled with LiFSi:LiPF 6 :d8-EA electrolyte were virtually identical. Out of all the solvents widely available in deuterated form tested in highly-concentrated systems, EA was the only one providing a good balance between cost and charge-discharge capacity retention to 4.7 V. The use of such an electrolyte blend would half the cost of deuterated solvents needed for in situ neutron diffraction measurements of Li-ion batteries compared to conventional deuterated carbonate-based electrolytes

Wide-azimuth angle-domain imaging for anisotropic reverse-time migration

KAUST Repository

Sava, Paul C.; Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali

2011-01-01

Extended common-image-point gathers (CIP) constructed by wide-azimuth TI wave-equation migration contain all the necessary information for angle decomposition as a function of the reflection and azimuth angles at selected locations in the subsurface. The reflection and azimuth angles are derived from the extended images using analytic relations between the space-lag and time-lag extensions. This post-imaging decomposition requires only information which is already available at the time of migration, i.e. the model parameters and the tilt angles of the TI medium. The transformation amounts to a linear Radon transform applied to the CIPs obtained after the application of the extended imaging condition. If information about the reflector dip is available at the CIP locations, then only two components of the space-lag vectors are required, thus reducing computational cost and increasing the affordability of the method. This efficient angle decomposition method is suitable for wide-azimuth imaging in anisotropic media with arbitrary orientation of the symmetry plane. © 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Neutron diffraction study of the β1-β2 transformation in Ta2D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaneko, H.; Kajitani, T.; Hirabayashi, M.

1984-01-01

The β 1 -β 2 phase transformation in Ta 2 D was studied by neutron diffraction using the pulsed source at the Tohoku Linac and the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory. It was found that the hhO reflections almost disappear in the β 2 phase, whereas the 00l reflections are the same as those in the β 1 phase. The diffraction data show that the β 2 phase has an orthorhombic unit cell which is identical with that of the β 1 phase and contains four tantalum and two deuterium atoms in a volume which is approximately 2sup(1/2) X 1 X 2sup(1/2) that of the b.c.c. host lattice. The deuterium atoms fractionally occupy the tetrahedral sites in alternate (002)sub(orth) planes. (Auth.)

Investigation of the neutron diffraction anomaly and electrical behaviour of α-LiIO3 single crystal under AC field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Guang; Yang Zhen

1990-01-01

A systematic study of the unique neutron diffraction and electric behaviour of α-LiIO 3 single crystal under AC field is reported. A frequency dependent rectification effect was observed and can be explained as the relaxation process in the ionic conduction. Theoretical treatment using Boltzmann equation gives satisfactory agreement with experimental results. The neutron diffraction anomaly can be attributed to the effect of the rectified DC current in the sample

Levitation apparatus for neutron diffraction investigations on high temperature liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hennet, Louis; Pozdnyakova, Irina; Bytchkov, Aleksei; Cristiglio, Viviana; Palleau, Pierre; Fischer, Henry E.; Cuello, Gabriel J.; Johnson, Mark; Melin, Philippe; Zanghi, Didier; Brassamin, Severine; Brun, Jean-Francois; Price, David L.; Saboungi, Marie-Louise

2006-01-01

We describe a new high temperature environment based on aerodynamic levitation and laser heating designed for neutron scattering experiments up to 3000 deg. C. The sample is heated to the desired temperature with three CO 2 lasers from different directions in order to obtain a homogeneous temperature distribution. The apparent temperature of the sample is measured with an optical pyrometer, and two video cameras are employed to monitor the sample behavior during heating. The levitation setup is enclosed in a vacuum-tight chamber, enabling a high degree of gas purity and a reproducible sample environment for structural investigations on both oxide and metallic melts. High-quality neutron diffraction data have been obtained on liquid Y 3 Al 5 O 12 and ZrNi alloy for relatively short counting times (1.5 h)

The chemical reactivity and structure of collagen studied by neutron diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wess, T.J.; Wess, L.; Miller, A. [Univ. of Stirling (United Kingdom)

1994-12-31

The chemical reactivity of collagen can be studied using neutron diffraction (a non-destructive technique), for certain reaction types. Collagen contains a number of lysine and hydroxylysine side chains that can react with aldehydes and ketones, or these side chains can themselves be converted to aldehydes by lysyl oxidase. The reactivity of these groups not only has an important role in the maintenance of mechanical strength in collagen fibrils, but can also manifest pathologically in the cases of aging, diabetes (reactivity with a variety of sugars) and alcoholism (reactivity with acetaldehyde). The reactivity of reducing groups with collagen can be studied by neutron diffraction, since the crosslink formed in the adduction process is initially of a Schiff base or keto-imine nature. The nature of this crosslink allows it to be deuterated, and the position of this relatively heavy scattering atom can be used in a process of phase determination by multiple isomorphous replacement. This process was used to study the following: the position of natural crosslinks in collagen; the position of adducts in tendon from diabetic rats in vivo and the in vitro position of acetaidehyde adducts in tendon.

Neutron diffraction study of single crystalline ErCo10Mo2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Janssen, Y.; De Boer, F.R.; Brueck, E.; Tegus, O.; Ma, L.; Buschow, K.H.J.; Reehuis, M.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. The ferrimagnetic intermetallic compound ErCo 10 Mo 2 (Tc = 600 K) crystallizes in the tetragonal ThMn 12 -type structure (space group 14/mmm). The Co and Mo atoms may share three crystallographic sites (8f, 8i and 8j). Earlier neutron powder diffraction experiments show that Mo has a strong preference for the 8i-site and that the magnetic ordering at low temperature is planar. Furthermore ErCo 10 Mo 2 has been reported to show one [2] or more [3] spin-reorientation transitions from planar to axial magnetic ordering. Recently we succeeded in growing a single-crystalline sample of ErCo 10 Mo 2 . Magnetic measurements in 1T show one spin-reorientation transition at about 135 K. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed to investigate a possible link between the magnetic properties and the site occupation by Mo. Our results show that our sample has the Mo atoms exclusively occupying half the 8i-sites. There is no evidence for a crystallographic superstructure. Furthermore, below 150 K some reflections strongly increase due to the growing Er magnetic moment. (author)

In situ observation and neutron diffraction of NiTi powder sintering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Gang; Liss, Klaus-Dieter; Cao, Peng

2014-01-01

This study investigated NiTi powder sintering behaviour from elemental powder mixtures of Ni/Ti and Ni/TiH 2 using in situ neutron diffraction and in situ scanning electron microscopy. The sintered porous alloys have open porosities ranging from 2.7% to 36.0%. In comparison to the Ni/Ti compact, dehydrogenation occurring in the Ni/TiH 2 compact leads to less densification yet higher chemical homogenization only after high-temperature sintering. For the first time, direct evidence of the eutectoid phase transformation of NiTi at 620 °C is reported by in situ neutron diffraction. A comparative study of cyclic stress–strain behaviours of the porous NiTi alloys made from Ni/Ti and Ni/TiH 2 compacts indicate that the samples sintered from the Ni/TiH 2 compact exhibited a much higher porosity, larger pore size, lower fracture strength, lower close-to-overall porosity ratio and lower Young’s modulus. Instead of enhanced densification by the use of TiH 2 as reported in the literature, this study shows an adverse effect of TiH 2 on powder densification in NiTi

The chemical reactivity and structure of collagen studied by neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wess, T.J.; Wess, L.; Miller, A.

1994-01-01

The chemical reactivity of collagen can be studied using neutron diffraction (a non-destructive technique), for certain reaction types. Collagen contains a number of lysine and hydroxylysine side chains that can react with aldehydes and ketones, or these side chains can themselves be converted to aldehydes by lysyl oxidase. The reactivity of these groups not only has an important role in the maintenance of mechanical strength in collagen fibrils, but can also manifest pathologically in the cases of aging, diabetes (reactivity with a variety of sugars) and alcoholism (reactivity with acetaldehyde). The reactivity of reducing groups with collagen can be studied by neutron diffraction, since the crosslink formed in the adduction process is initially of a Schiff base or keto-imine nature. The nature of this crosslink allows it to be deuterated, and the position of this relatively heavy scattering atom can be used in a process of phase determination by multiple isomorphous replacement. This process was used to study the following: the position of natural crosslinks in collagen; the position of adducts in tendon from diabetic rats in vivo and the in vitro position of acetaidehyde adducts in tendon

Neutron-diffraction studies of the nuclear magnetic phase diagram of copper

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Annila, A.J.; Clausen, Kurt Nørgaard; Oja, A.S.

1992-01-01

We have studied the spontaneous antiferromagnetic (AF) order in the nuclear spin system of copper by use of neutron-diffraction experiments at nanokelvin temperatures. Copper is an ideal model system as a nearest-neighbor-dominated spin-3/2 fcc antiferromagnet. The phase diagram has been investig......We have studied the spontaneous antiferromagnetic (AF) order in the nuclear spin system of copper by use of neutron-diffraction experiments at nanokelvin temperatures. Copper is an ideal model system as a nearest-neighbor-dominated spin-3/2 fcc antiferromagnet. The phase diagram has been...... investigated by measuring the magnetic-field dependence of the (100) reflection, characteristic of a type-I AF structure, and of a Bragg peak at (0 2/3 2/3). The results suggest the presence of high-field (100) phases at 0.12 less-than-or-equal-to B less-than-or-equal-to B(c) almost-equal-to 0.26 mT, for B...... compared with results of earlier susceptibility measurements in order to identify the translational periods of the three previously found antiferromagnetic phases for B parallel-to [100]. Recent theoretical work has yielded results in agreement with our experimental data....

Invisible detergents for structure determination of membrane proteins by small-angle neutron scattering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Midtgaard, Søren Roi; Darwish, Tamim A.; Pedersen, Martin Cramer

2018-01-01

A novel and generally applicable method for determining structures of membrane proteins in solution via small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is presented. Common detergents for solubilizing membrane proteins were synthesized in isotope-substituted versions for utilizing the intrinsic neutron sca...... solution structure determination of membrane proteins by SANS and subsequent data analysis available to non-specialists. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved....

Proceedings of the neutrons in biology conference, Santa Fe, NM, October 1994

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schoenborn, B.P.

1994-01-01

This volume provides the proceedings for the Neutrons in Biology Conference held in Sante Fe, New Mexico October 1994. The volume is composed of full papers authored by the presenters at the conference. The sessions by which the presentations were organized are entitled Neutron Anatomy, Neutron Sources, Neutron Instrumentation, Small Angle Scattering, Membrane Structures and Dynamics, Protein Structures, Fiber Diffraction, and New Analysis and Experimental Techniques. Each paper has been separately indexed and abstracted for the database

Proceedings of the neutrons in biology conference, Santa Fe, NM, October 1994

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoenborn, B.P.

1994-12-31

This volume provides the proceedings for the Neutrons in Biology Conference held in Sante Fe, New Mexico October 1994. The volume is composed of full papers authored by the presenters at the conference. The sessions by which the presentations were organized are entitled Neutron Anatomy, Neutron Sources, Neutron Instrumentation, Small Angle Scattering, Membrane Structures and Dynamics, Protein Structures, Fiber Diffraction, and New Analysis and Experimental Techniques. Each paper has been separately indexed and abstracted for the database.

Small-angle neutron scattering and cyclic voltammetry study on electrochemically oxidized and reduced pyrolytic carbon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braun, A.; Kohlbrecher, J.; Baertsch, M.; Schnyder, B.; Koetz, R.; Haas, O.; Wokaun, A.

2004-01-01

The electrochemical double layer capacitance and internal surface area of a pyrolytic carbon material after electrochemical oxidation and subsequent reduction was studied with cyclic voltammetry and small-angle neutron scattering. Oxidation yields an enhanced internal surface area (activation), and subsequent reduction causes a decrease of this internal surface area. The change of the Porod constant, as obtained from small-angle neutron scattering, reveals that the decrease in internal surface area is not caused merely by a closing or narrowing of the pores, but by a partial collapse of the pore network

Neutron diffraction by monocrystals of inorganic and elementary organic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becker, G.; Hauser, H.D.

1992-01-01

The phase of preparation and X-ray structural analysis of the compounds has been completed following the synthetical preparation of compounds sensitive to oxidation and pyrolysis, in this case: phosphonic acid, potassium silanide, lithium dihydrogenphosphide * DME, bis[lithium-tri(tert.butyl)alanate], dibromophenylbismuthate, potassium tetrahydride aluminate, and phosphinic acid. The work was started is neutron diffraction experiments for detecting the positions of the hydrogen and carbon atoms, in order to analyse space group problems. (BBR) [de

Small Angle Neutron Scattering experiments on ``side-on fixed"" liquid crystal polyacrylates

Science.gov (United States)

Leroux, N.; Keller, P.; Achard, M. F.; Noirez, L.; Hardouin, F.

1993-08-01

Small Angle Neutron Scattering experiments were carried out on liquid crystalline “side-on fixed” polyacrylates : we observe that the polymer backbone adopts a prolate conformation in the nematic phase. Such anisotropy of the global backbone is larger for smaller spacer length. In every case we measure at low temperatures a large chain extension as previously described in polysiloxanes. Par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles nous observons que la chaîne de polyacrylates “en haltère” adopte une conformation type prolate en phase nématique. Son anisotropie est d'autant plus grande que l'espaceur est plus court. Dans tous les cas, nous retrouvons à basse température la forte extension de la chaîne polymère qui fut d'abord révélée dans les polysiloxanes.

Frozen concentration fluctuations in a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) gel studied by neutron spin echo and small-angle neutron scattering

CERN Document Server

Koizumi, S; Richter, D; Schwahn, D; Faragó, B; Annaka, M

2002-01-01

By employing neutron spin echo and small-angle neutron scattering, we determined the structure factor of the frozen concentration fluctuations on nano-length scales in a swollen poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) gel. The frozen contribution, showing a plateau at the low scattering wavenumber q (0.02 A sup - sup 1), is intimately related to the abnormal butterfly scattering pattern appearing at low q under deformation. (orig.)

Sample positioning in neutron diffraction experiments using a multi-material fiducial marker

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marais, D., E-mail: Deon.Marais@necsa.co.za [Research and Development Division, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) SOC Limited, PO Box 582, Pretoria 0001 (South Africa); School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Venter, A.M., E-mail: Andrew.Venter@necsa.co.za [Research and Development Division, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) SOC Limited, PO Box 582, Pretoria 0001 (South Africa); Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North-West University, Mahikeng 2790 (South Africa); Markgraaff, J., E-mail: Johan.Markgraaff@nwu.ac.za [School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); James, J., E-mail: Jon.James@open.ac.uk [Faculty of Mathematics, Computing and Technology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK76AA England (United Kingdom)

2017-01-01

An alternative sample positioning method is reported for use in conjunction with sample positioning and experiment planning software systems deployed on some neutron diffraction strain scanners. In this approach, the spherical fiducial markers and location trackers used with optical metrology hardware are replaced with a specifically designed multi-material fiducial marker that requires one diffraction measurement. In a blind setting, the marker position can be determined within an accuracy of ±164 µm with respect to the instrument gauge volume. The scheme is based on a pre-determined relationship that links the diffracted peak intensity to the absolute positioning of the fiducial marker with respect to the instrument gauge volume. Two methods for establishing the linking relationship are presented, respectively based on fitting multi-dimensional quadratic functions and a cross-correlation artificial neural network.

The spin chirality in MnSi single crystal probed by small angle scattering with polarized neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okorokov, A.I.; Grigoriev, S.V.; Chetverikov, Yu.O.; Georgii, R.; Boeni, P.; Eckerlebe, H.; Pranzas, K.; Roessli, B.

2004-01-01

The weak itinerant ferromagnet MnSi orders with a left-handed helical spin structure below T C =29 K. The helicity with a vector m=[S 1 xS 2 ]/S 2 along the crystallographic axis [1 1 1] is realized by an antisymmetric Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction. The small angle diffraction study with polarized neutrons on a single MnSi crystal was performed within the temperature range from 10 K to T C and the magnetic field B from 1 to 350 mT. The single crystal was oriented in such a way that two axes [1 1 1] and [1 1 -1] were set in a plane perpendicular to the incident beam. Four major diffraction peaks at ±q 1 and ±q 2 along the axes and four minor peaks at q=±q 1 ±q 2 were observed. The intensity I p =I(+P 0 )+I(-P 0 ), the polarization P p =[I(+P 0 )-I(-P 0 )]/I p and the position q p of the peaks were measured as a function of the temperature and the magnetic field. From intensity of the peaks the chiral critical exponent is obtained as β=0.47±0.04

A verification scenario of nuclear plus interference scattering effects using neutron incident angle distribution to the wall in beam-injected deuterium plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugiyama, Shota; Matsuura, Hideaki; Uchiyama, Daisuke; Sawada, Daisuke; Watanabe, Tsuguhiro; Goto, Takuya; Mitarai, Osamu

2015-01-01

A verification scenario of knock-on tail formation in the deuteron distribution function due to nuclear plus interference scattering is presented by observing the incident angle distribution of neutrons in a vacuum vessel. Assuming a knock-on tail created in a "3He-beam-injected deuterium plasma, the incident angle distribution and energy spectra of the neutrons produced by fusion reactions between 1-MeV and thermal deuterons are evaluated. The relation between the neutron incident angle to the vacuum vessel and neutron energy is examined in the case of anisotropic neutron emission due to knock-on tail formation in neutral-beam-injected plasmas. (author)

Evaluation of material properties of SiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite using neutron and X-ray diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akiniwa, Yoshiaki; Machiya, Shutaro; Kimura, Hidehiko; Tanaka, Keisuke; Minakawa, Nobuaki; Morii, Yukio; Kamiyama, Takashi

2006-01-01

The phase stresses under loading in a monolithic aluminum alloy and an aluminum alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particles were measured by the neutron diffraction method. Under uniaxial loading, the longitudinal and transverse strains in each constituent phase were measured. The diffraction elastic constants for each diffraction plane were investigated as a function of the diffraction intensity by TOF. Single peak analysis was carried out for each diffraction profile. The measured results were compared with the theoretical micromechanical models such as the self-consistent and Mori-Tanaka method using the Eshelby theory (MTE). The accuracy of the elastic constant strongly depends on the diffraction intensity. In order to confirm the rule of mixture, the phase stress was measured by the X-ray method. The macrostress calculated by the rule of mixture agreed very well with the applied stress. Finally, fatigue damage was evaluated by the neutron method. The change of the full width at half maximum in the aluminum phase during fatigue is small. On the other hand, the value in the SiC phase increased steeply just before fracture

Contribution to the study of position sensitive detectors with high spatial resolution for thermal neutron detection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Idrissi Fakhr-Eddine, Abdellah.

1978-01-01

With a view to improving the spatial resolution of the localization of thermal neutrons, the work covers four position sensitive detectors: - 800 cell multi-detectors (1 dimension), - linear 'Jeu de Jacquet' detectors (1 dimension) - Multi-detector XYP 128x128 (2 dimensions), - 'Jeu de Jacquet' detector with 2 dimensions. Mention is made of the various position finding methods known so far, as well as the reasons for selecting BF 3 as detector gas. A study is then made of the parameters of the multiwire chamber whose principle will form the basis of most of the position detecting appliances subsequently dealt with. Finally, a description is given of the detection tests of the thermal neutrons in the multiwire chamber depending on the pressure, a parameter that greatly affects the accuracy of the position finding. The single dimension position tests on two kinds of appliance, the 800 cell multi-detector for the wide angle diffraction studies, and the linear 'Jeu de Jacquet' detector designed for small angle diffraction are mentioned. A description is then given of two position appliances with two dimensions; the multi-detector XYP 128x128 and the two dimensional 'Jeu de Jacquet' detector. In the case of this latter detector, only the hoped for characteristics are indicated [fr

Diffraction. Powder, amorphous, liquid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sosnowska, I.M.

1999-01-01

Neutron powder diffraction is a unique tool to observe all possible diffraction effects appearing in crystal. High-resolution neutron diffractometers have to be used in this study. Analysis of the magnetic structure of polycrystalline materials requires the use of high-resolution neutron diffraction in the range of large interplanar distances. As distinguished from the double axis diffractometers (DAS), which show high resolution only at small interplanar distances, TOF (time-of-flight) diffractometry offers the best resolution at large interplanar distances. (K.A.)

Crystallite Size and Microstrain Measurement of Cathode Material after Mechanical Milling using Neutron Diffraction Technique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Fajar

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The measurements of neutron diffraction patterns of commercially product and 10 hour mechanically milled cathode material lithium cobaltites (LiCoO2 have been performed. Rietveld analysis using FullProf does not show the change of crystal structure due to milling process, but the diffraction pattern has a lower intensity and the diffraction-line was broadening. The results of line-broadening study on milled sample using Rietveld methods detected that the microstrain was occurred in the sample with value 0.127080(35 % and the average crystallite size was 424.78(20 Å.

Application and development of non contact angle-wide viewing system in vitreous retinal surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rong-Hua He

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Wide-angle viewing system as an important auxiliary device can clearly observe the whole fundus field of vision in vitreous surgery, which enable vitreoretinal surgery more efficient, safer and more effective. So it has very high application value in ophthalmologic operation. In this paper, we studied the development and application of wide-angle viewing system in vitreoretinal surgery in recent years, from which we summed up the advantage of non-contact wide-angle viewing system in clinical field, and pointed out the shortcomings. The ultimate goal is to make the non-contact wide-angle viewing system better applied in vitreous surgery.

Preliminary neutron diffraction analysis of challenging human manganese superoxide dismutase crystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Azadmanesh, Jahaun; Trickel, Scott R; Weiss, Kevin L; Coates, Leighton; Borgstahl, Gloria E O

2017-04-01

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes that protect against oxidative stress by dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide through cyclic reduction and oxidation of the active-site metal. The complete enzymatic mechanisms of SODs are unknown since data on the positions of hydrogen are limited. Here, methods are presented for large crystal growth and neutron data collection of human manganese SOD (MnSOD) using perdeuteration and the MaNDi beamline at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The crystal from which the human MnSOD data set was obtained is the crystal with the largest unit-cell edge (240 Å) from which data have been collected via neutron diffraction to sufficient resolution (2.30 Å) where hydrogen positions can be observed.

Neutron diffraction study of TiCxNyHz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khidirov, I.

1996-01-01

Neutron diffraction study of titanium carbonitridohydride is carried out. It is shown that TiC x N y H z may have a disordered, on ordered and a partially ordered structure depending on the composition. Both in the ordered and in the disordered structure the atoms of carbon and nitrogen are located in octahedron interstices only. Under (C+N)/Ti > 0.70 the atoms of hydrogen are located in octahedron interstices only. Under (C+N)/Ti < 0.50 and under high temperatures the atoms of hydrogen occupy both octahedron and tetrahedron interstices; under low temperatures the transition of some hydrogen atoms from tetrahedron into octahedron interstices is observed. 15 refs.; 1 fig.; 1 tab

A neutron diffraction study of ancient Greek ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siouris, I.M.; Walter, J.

2006-01-01

Non-destructive neutron diffraction studies were performed on three 2nd-century BC archaeological pottery fragments from the excavation site of Neos Scopos, Serres, in North Greece. In all the 273 K diagrams quartz and feldspars phase fractions are dominant. Diopside and iron oxide phases were also identifiable. The diopside content is found to decrease with increasing quartz-feldspar compositions. Iron oxides containing minerals were found to be present and the phase compositions reflect upon the coloring of the samples. However, the different content compositions of the phases may suggest different regions of the original clay materials as well as different preparation techniques. The firing temperatures were determined to be in the range of 900-1000 deg. C

Two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors for small-angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McElhaney, S.A.; Vandermolen, R.I.

1990-05-01

In this paper, various detectors available for small angle neutron scattering (SANS) are discussed, along with some current developments being actively pursued. A section has been included to outline the various methodologies of position encoding/decoding with discussions on trends and limitations. Computer software/hardware vary greatly from institute and experiment and only a general discussion is given to this area. 85 refs., 33 figs

A primary simulation for residual stress neutron diffractometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Shuying; Liu Lijuan; Sun Liangwei

2012-01-01

At present, neutron diffraction method is the unique and nondestructive method that can directly measure the residual stress distribution in deep materials and engineering components. It has an important application in engineering. A simulation of the flux at the position of the sample table was reported, and the resolution of the residual stress instrument was computed at the same time. The effect of the parameters of the second collimator on the flux at the sample position and the resolution of the instrument have been analyzed. The result indicated that the second collimator empress much on the neutron flux and the instrument resolution is well when the sample's diffraction angle is less than 120°. (authors)

Highly efficient and broadband wide-angle holography using patch-dipole nanoantenna reflectarrays.

Science.gov (United States)

Yifat, Yuval; Eitan, Michal; Iluz, Zeev; Hanein, Yael; Boag, Amir; Scheuer, Jacob

2014-05-14

We demonstrate wide-angle, broadband, and efficient reflection holography by utilizing coupled dipole-patch nanoantenna cells to impose an arbitrary phase profile on the reflected light. High-fidelity images were projected at angles of 45 and 20° with respect to the impinging light with efficiencies ranging between 40-50% over an optical bandwidth exceeding 180 nm. Excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions was found at a wide spectral range. The demonstration of such reflectarrays opens new avenues toward expanding the limits of large-angle holography.

Phase separation and magnetic ordering studied by high resolution neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caspi, E.N.; Melamud, M.; Pinto, H.; Shaked, H.; Chmaissem, O.; Jorgensen, J.D.; Short, S.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. In a previous work on the (U 1-x Nd x )Co 2 Ge 2 system, two magnetic transitions were observed in the temperature dependencies of the magnetic susceptibility and in the intensity of the magnetic reflections in neutron diffraction [1]. Because of insufficient resolution, it was not clear whether this is due to clustering or phase separation. In both cases the U-rich regions are expected to order magnetically at higher temperature than the U-poor ones, resulting in two magnetic transitions. In order to resolve this question a temperature dependent TOF neutron diffraction of the x = 0.25 compound has been performed on the SEPD at Argonne's IPNS [2]. The temperature dependent diffractograms were refined by the Rietveld method. It was found that the compound separates into two phases: x = 0.4 (55 wt%) and x = 0.1 (45 wt%). The temperature dependence of the magnetic moment was obtained for each phase, with the transition temperatures: T N (x=0.4) = 130 K, and T N (x=0.1) = 165 K. (author) [1] E. Caspi et al., Phys. Rev. B, 57 (198) 449.; [2] J.D. Jorgensen et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 22 (1989) 321

Residual stress measurements by X-ray and neutron diffractions in heat-treated SiCw/A2014 composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohnuki, Takahisa; Fujita, Motoo; Tomota, Yo; Ono, Masayoshi

1998-01-01

Residual stresses due to various heat treatments in a 22 volume percent SiC whisker/A2014 metal matrix composite (MMC) were measured by using X-ray and neutron diffractions. Micro residual stresses generated from the differences in thermal expansion coefficients of the constituents and macro residual stresses associated with different cooling rates in the outer and inner regions of an MMC specimen must be distinguished in X-ray stress measurements. The conventional sin 2 ψ method under an assumption of plane stress condition has been found not to be applicable to the present MMC, because interactions among whiskers in the X-ray penetrating area yields σ 33 where the x 3 -axis is normal with respect to specimen's surface. An average value of σ 33 can be measured by X-ray diffraction technique, but does not seem enough to evaluate micro residual stresses. It is found that neutron diffraction is the most powerful method to measure micro residual stresses in the constituents. Elastic residual strains obtained by neutron diffraction in solution treated or T6 heat treated samples show good agreements with predictions calculated by using Eshelby inclusion theory coupled with the Mori-Tanaka mean field concept, indicating that the influence of stress relaxation is negligible. In addition, internal stresses relaxations during holding at room temperature, slow cooling from solution treatment temperature, or subzero cooling are discussed. (author)

IBARAKI materials design diffractometer (iMATERIA)-Versatile neutron diffractometer at J-PARC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishigaki, T.; Hoshikawa, A.; Yonemura, M.; Morishima, T.; Kamiyama, T.; Oishi, R.; Aizawa, K.; Sakuma, T.; Tomota, Y.; Arai, M.; Hayashi, M.; Ebata, K.; Takano, Y.; Komatsuzaki, K.; Asano, H.; Takano, Y.; Kasao, T.

2009-01-01

Ibaraki prefecture, the local government of the area for J-PARC site, was decided to build a versatile neutron diffractometer (IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer, iMATERIA) to promote an industrial application for neutron beam in J-PARC. iMATERIA is planned to be a high throughput diffractometer so that materials engineers and scientists can use it like the chemical analytical instruments in their materials development process. It covers in d range 0.18< d (A)<5 with Δd/d=0.16% at high resolution bank, and covers 5< d (A)<800 with gradually changing resolution at three detector bank (90 deg., low angle and small angle). Typical measuring time to obtain a 'Rietveld-quality' data is several minutes with the sample size of laboratory X-ray diffractometer. To promote industrial application, a utilization system for this diffractometer is required. We will establish a support system for both academic and industrial users who are willing to use neutron but have not been familiar with neutron diffraction. The analysis software is also very important for powder diffraction, we will also prepare a software package consisting of combination of several powder-diffraction software, structural databases and visualization. The construction of iMATERIA will be completed in the end of April 2008, as one of day-one instruments for J-PARC.

Region of Interest Selection Interface for Wide-Angle Arthroscope

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jung Kyunghwa

2015-01-01

Full Text Available We have proposed a new interface for an wide-angle endoscope for solo surgery. The wide-angle arthroscopic view and magnified region of interest (ROI within the wide view were shown simultaneously. With a camera affixed to surgical instruments, the position of the ROI could be determined by manipulating the surgical instrument. Image features acquired by the A-KAZE approach were used to estimate the change of position of the surgical instrument by tracking the features every time the camera moved. We examined the accuracy of ROI selection using three different images, which were different-sized square arrays and tested phantom experiments. When the number of ROIs was twelve, the success rate was best, and the rate diminished as the size of ROIs decreased. The experimental results showed that the method of using a camera without additional sensors satisfied the appropriate accuracy required for ROI selection, and this interface was helpful in performing surgery with fewer assistants.

Measurement of the velocity of sound in crystals by pulsed neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Willis, B.T.M.; Carlile, C.J.; Ward, R.C.; David, W.I.F.; Johnson, M.W.

1986-03-01

The diffraction method of observing elementary excitations in crystals has been applied to the study of one-phonon thermal diffuse scattering from pyrolytic graphite on a high resolution pulsed neutron diffractometer. The variation of the phase velocity of sound as a function of direction in the crystal and efficient method of determining sound velocities in crystals under extreme conditions. (author)

Neutron diffraction study on the medium and short-range order of ternary chalcogenide glasses

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Neov, S.; Gerasimova, I.; Skordeva, E.; Arsova, D.; Pamukchieva, V.; Mikula, Pavol; Lukáš, Petr; Sonntag, R.

1999-01-01

Roč. 34, - (1999), s. 3669-3676 ISSN 0022-2461 R&D Projects: GA ČR GV202/97/K038 Keywords : neutron diffraction * short-range order * chalcogenide glasses Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.786, year: 1999

PNO-apparatus and its test use for neutron interferometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomimitsu, Hiroshi; Aizawa, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Yuji; Kikuta, Seishi.

1993-01-01

Special apparatus 'PNO' of multiutility in the so-called precise neutron optics, such as double or triple crystal diffractometry, interferometry, etc., including neutron diffraction topography, was settled at 3G beam hole in the JRR-3M. In the symposium, several applications of the PNO apparatus are presented as 1) very small angle neutron scattering tool with double crystal arrangement, 2) the characterization of the quality of artificial multilayer lattices made of Ti-Ni by a triple crystal arrangement, 3) the characterization of Ni-base superalloy single crystals by the diffraction topography, which are presented in individual sessions. Preliminary test of the neutron interferometry was also tried with the PNO apparatus. Usual monolithic Si LLL- type interferometer was used with an Al phase shifter in the neutron beam paths. The periodicity of the measured intensity curve was well corresponded to the expected one. The best contrast of the intensity curve was measured as high as 43%. The utility of the PNO-apparatus for neutron interferometry was, thus, approved. (author)

A flow-through hydrothermal cell for in situ neutron diffraction studies of phase transformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Neill, Brian; Tenailleau, Christophe; Nogthai, Yung; Studer, Andrew; Brugger, Joel; Pring, Allan

2006-01-01

A flow-through hydrothermal cell for the in situ neutron diffraction study of crystallisation and phase transitions has been developed. It can be used for kinetic studies on materials that exhibit structural transformations under hydrothermal conditions. It is specifically designed for use on the medium-resolution powder diffractometer (MRPD) at ANSTO, Lucas Heights, Sydney. But it is planned to adapt the design for the Polaris beamline at ISIS and the new high-intensity powder diffractometer (Wombat) at the new Australian reactor Opal. The cell will operate in a flow-through mode over the temperature range from 25-300 deg. C and up to pressures of 100 bar. The first results of a successful transformation of pentlandite (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 to violarite (Fe,Ni) 3 S 4 under mild conditions (pH∼4) at 120 deg. C and 3 bar using in situ neutron diffraction measurements are presented

Determination of the hexagonal network parameters of the quartz β using neutron multiple diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campos, L.C.; Parente, C.B.R.; Mazzocchi, V.L.; Helene, O.

2000-01-01

In this work, neutron multiple diffraction is employed for the determination of the parameters a and c of the β-quartz hexagonal cell. This crystalline phase of silica (SiO 2 ) occurs in temperatures between ca. 846 and 1143 K. A β-quartz neutron multiple diffraction pattern has been used in the determinations. This pattern was obtained with a natural quartz single crystal heated to 1003 K. During the indexing of the pattern it was verified that most of the pairs of secondary reflections, which are responsible for the formation of peaks, could be classified as 'good for the determination of a' or 'good for the determination of c'. With this classification, it became possible to employ an iterative method for the determination of both parameters. After 8 cycles of iteration the values found for the parameters were a = 4.9964 +- 0.0018 and c = 5.46268 +- 0.00052 A. (author)

Thermodynamic modelling and in-situ neutron diffraction investigation of the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu, Zhijun; Gharghouri, Michael A.; Medraj, Mamoun; Lee, Soo Yeol; Pelton, Arthur D.

2016-01-01

Highlights: • All phase diagram and thermodynamic data critically assessed for the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system. • All phases described by optimized thermodynamic models. • In-situ neutron diffraction performed to identify phases and transition temperatures. • Assessments of other (RE + Mg + Zn) systems have been carried out simultaneously. • The final product is a thermodynamic database for multicomponent (Mg + RE + Zn) systems. - Abstract: All available phase diagram data for the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system were critically assessed. In-situ neutron diffraction (ND) experiments were performed on selected samples to identify phases and transition temperatures. A critical thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system were carried out and model parameters for the thermodynamic properties of all phases were obtained. The phase transformation behaviour of selected samples was well resolved from the ND experiments and experimental data were used to refine the thermodynamic model parameters.

Residual Stress Analysis for Engineering Applications by Means of Neutron Diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gndupel-Herold, Thomas; Brand, Paul C.; Prask, Henry J.

1999-01-01

The economic and scientific importance of neutron diffraction residual stress analysis has led to an increasing number of suitable instruments worldwide. Recently, a dedicated state-of-the-art diffractometer has been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology reactor. It has been used for a variety of measurements on basic and engineering stress problems. Among the most prominent examples that have been investigated are residual stresses in rails, weldments, and plasma-sprayed coatings

Neutron diffraction for studying the influence of the relative humidity on the carbonation process of cement pastes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galan, I; Andrade, C; Castellote, M; Rebolledo, N; Sanchez, J; Toro, L; Puente, I; Campo, J; Fabelo, O

2011-01-01

The effect of humidity on hydrated cement carbonation has been studied by means of in-situ neutron diffraction measurements. The evolution of the main crystalline phases in the bulk of the sample, portlandite and calcite, has been monitored during the process. Data obtained from neutron diffraction allow the quantification of the phases involved. The results highlight the great influence of humidity on carbonation. At very low humidity there are almost no changes. Between 53 and 75% relative humidity, portlandite decrease and calcite increase data can be fitted to exponential decay functions. At very high humidity portlandite remains nearly constant while calcite increases slightly with time, almost linearly.

Neutron diffraction from the vortex lattice in the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kleiman, R.N.; Broholm, C.; Aeppli, G.

1992-01-01

We have used neutron diffraction to observe the vortex lattice of UPt3. This is the first such measurement in a heavy-fermion system, a superconductor below 1 K, or in a system with such a long magnetic penetration depth (6000 +/- 75 angstrom). It also provides the first value for the pair...

Small-angle neutron scattering at pulsed sources compared to reactor sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hjelm, R.P. Jr.; Seeger, P.A.; Thiyagarajan, P.

1990-01-01

Detailed comparisons of measurements made on small-angle neutron scattering instruments at pulsed spallation and reactor sources show that the results from the two types of instruments are comparable. It is further demonstrated that spallation instruments are preferable for measurements in the mid-momentum transfer domain or when a large domain is needed. 8 refs., 2 figs

Structure investigations on Portland cement paste by small angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dragolici, C.A.; Lin, A.

2004-01-01

Hydrated Portland cement is a very complex material. Cement paste consists of many crystalline and non-crystalline phases in various ranges of sizes (μm and nm scale). The crystalline phases are embedded in amorphous phases of hydration products. We investigated the structural changes of hydrating phases in a time interval up to 18 days, at Budapest Neutron Center's SANS spectrometer. The small angle neutron scattering of Portland cements prepared with a various water-to-cement ratios, gave us information about the microstructure changes in the material. Fractals were a suitable way for structure modelling. Some comments regarding the opportunity of using the most common models are pointed out. (authors)

Real Structure and Resudal Stresses in Advanced Welds Determined by X-ray and Neutron Diffraction

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Trojan, K.; Hervoches, Charles; Ganev, N.; Mikula, Pavol; Čapek, J.

2017-01-01

Roč. 9, SEP (2017), s. 32-38 E-ISSN 2336-5382 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LM2015056; GA ČR GB14-36566G Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : laser and MAG welding * residual stresses * X-ray diffraction * neutron diffraction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism OBOR OECD: Condensed matter physics (including formerly solid state physics, supercond.) https://ojs.cvut.cz/ojs/index.php/APP/article/view/4401/4298

Fluid bilayer structure determination: Joint refinement in composition space using X-ray and neutron diffraction data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

White, S.H. [Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States); Wiener, M.C. [Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States)

1994-12-31

Experimentally-determined structural models of fluid lipid bilayers are essential for verifying molecular dynamics simulations of bilayers and for understanding the structural consequences of peptide interactions. The extreme thermal motion of bilayers precludes the possibility of atomic-level structural models. Defining {open_quote}the structure{close_quote} of a bilayer as the time-averaged transbilayer distribution of the water and the principal lipid structural groups such as the carbonyls and double-bonds (quasimolecular fragments), one can represent the bilayer structure as a sum of Gaussian functions referred to collectively as the quasimolecular structure. One method of determining the structure is by neutron diffraction combined with exhaustive specific deuteration. This method is impractical because of the expense of the chemical syntheses and the limited amount of neutron beam time currently available. We have therefore developed the composition space refinement method for combining X-ray and minimal neutron diffraction data to arrive at remarkably detailed and accurate structures of fluid bilayers. The composition space representation of the bilayer describes the probability of occupancy per unit length across the width of the bilayer of each quasimolecular component and permits the joint refinement of X-ray and neutron lamellar diffraction data by means of a single quasimolecular structure that is fitted simultaneously to both data sets. Scaling of each component by the appropriate neutron or X-ray scattering length maps the composition-space profile to the appropriate scattering length space for comparison to experimental data. The difficulty with the method is that fluid bilayer structures are generally only marginally determined by the experimental data. This means that the space of possible solutions must be extensively explored in conjunction with a thorough analysis of errors.

Fluid bilayer structure determination: Joint refinement in composition space using X-ray and neutron diffraction data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, S.H.; Wiener, M.C.

1994-01-01

Experimentally-determined structural models of fluid lipid bilayers are essential for verifying molecular dynamics simulations of bilayers and for understanding the structural consequences of peptide interactions. The extreme thermal motion of bilayers precludes the possibility of atomic-level structural models. Defining open-quote the structure close-quote of a bilayer as the time-averaged transbilayer distribution of the water and the principal lipid structural groups such as the carbonyls and double-bonds (quasimolecular fragments), one can represent the bilayer structure as a sum of Gaussian functions referred to collectively as the quasimolecular structure. One method of determining the structure is by neutron diffraction combined with exhaustive specific deuteration. This method is impractical because of the expense of the chemical syntheses and the limited amount of neutron beam time currently available. We have therefore developed the composition space refinement method for combining X-ray and minimal neutron diffraction data to arrive at remarkably detailed and accurate structures of fluid bilayers. The composition space representation of the bilayer describes the probability of occupancy per unit length across the width of the bilayer of each quasimolecular component and permits the joint refinement of X-ray and neutron lamellar diffraction data by means of a single quasimolecular structure that is fitted simultaneously to both data sets. Scaling of each component by the appropriate neutron or X-ray scattering length maps the composition-space profile to the appropriate scattering length space for comparison to experimental data. The difficulty with the method is that fluid bilayer structures are generally only marginally determined by the experimental data. This means that the space of possible solutions must be extensively explored in conjunction with a thorough analysis of errors

Wide-angle NSE and TOF the spectrometer SPAN at BENSC

CERN Document Server

Pappas, C; Kischnik, R; Mezei, F

2002-01-01

The cylindrical symmetry of the magnetic field configuration of SPAN allows for simultaneous neutron spin echo (NSE) measurements over the whole range of scattering angles accessible by a spectrometer. The open construction also allows for time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, which can be performed under the same conditions as NSE, in particular with polarization analysis. TOF and NSE spectra are then directly comparable with each other, without any adjustable parameters, covering a dynamic range of more than four orders of magnitude at a single wavelength. (orig.)

Wide-angle NSE and TOF: the spectrometer SPAN at BENSC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pappas, C.; Triolo, A.; Kischnik, R.; Mezei, F.

2002-01-01

The cylindrical symmetry of the magnetic field configuration of SPAN allows for simultaneous neutron spin echo (NSE) measurements over the whole range of scattering angles accessible by a spectrometer. The open construction also allows for time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, which can be performed under the same conditions as NSE, in particular with polarization analysis. TOF and NSE spectra are then directly comparable with each other, without any adjustable parameters, covering a dynamic range of more than four orders of magnitude at a single wavelength. (orig.)

Measurement of residual stress in textured Al alloy by neutron diffraction method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okido, S.; Hayashi, M.; Tanaka, K.; Akiniwa, Y.; Minakawa, N.; Morii, Y.

1999-01-01

Residual stress generated in a shrunken aluminum alloy specimen, which was prepared for the round robin test conducted by VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) TWA-20 organized for the purpose of standardizing residual stress measurement methods, was evaluated by a neutron diffraction method. The main purpose of the round robin test was to assess the reproducibility of data obtained with the measurement facilities of the participants. The general standard of the Residual Stress Analyzer (RESA) constructed in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute was verified from the measured residual strains, which were equivalent to the values calculated by FEM and values measured by the research facilities in North America. Residual stress was calculated from residual strain in three perpendicular directions. The diffraction intensities were dependent on measurement directions since the prepared specimen possessed texture. Diffraction profiles in directions having a weak diffraction intensity caused an inaccurate evaluation of the residual stress. To solve this problem, a new method for evaluating residual stress with respect to diffraction plane dependency of the elastic constant was applied. The diffraction plane giving the highest intensity among 110, 200, and 220 diffraction was used to evaluate the residual strain in each of three directions. The residual strain obtained on the used diffraction plane was converted to the equivalent strain for the defined diffraction plane using the ratio of elastic constants of these two planes. The developed evaluation method achieved highly accurate measurement and remarkable efficiency in the measurement process. (author)

Electromagnetic Power Harvester Using Wide-Angle and Polarization-Insensitive Metasurfaces

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xuanming Zhang

2018-03-01

Full Text Available A new wide-angle and polarization-insensitive metasurface (MS instead of traditional antenna is built as the primary ambient energy harvester in this paper. The MS is a two-dimensional energy harvesting array that is composed of subwavelength electrical small ring resonator that is working at 2.5 GHz (LTE/WiFi. In the case of different polarization and incidence angles, we demonstrate the metasurface can achieve high harvesting efficiency of 90%. The fabricated prototype of 9 × 9 MS energy harvesting array is measured, and the experimental results validate that the proposed MS has a good performance more than 80% of energy harvesting efficiency for arbitrary polarization and wide-angle incident waves. The good agreement of the simulation with the experiment results verifies the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed MS structure, which will provide a new source of supply in wireless sensor networks (WSN.

Methane storage mechanism in the metal-organic framework Cu3(btc)2: An in situ neutron diffraction study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Getzschmann, J.; Senkovska, I.; Wallacher, D.; Tovar, M.; Fairen-Jimenez, D.; Düren, T.; van Baten, J.M.; Krishna, R.; Kaskel, S.

2010-01-01

The adsorption of deutero-methane (CD4) in Cu3(btc)2 (HKUST-1) was investigated at 77 K using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. Rietveld refinement of the neutron data revealed a sequential filling of the rigid framework at distinct preferred adsorption sites, and showed the importance of

Electrostatic levitation facility optimized for neutron diffraction studies of high temperature liquids at a spallation neutron source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mauro, N. A., E-mail: namauro@noctrl.edu [Department of Physics, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540 (United States); Vogt, A. J. [Instrument and Source Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Derendorf, K. S. [Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 (United States); Johnson, M. L.; Kelton, K. F. [Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 (United States); Rustan, G. E.; Quirinale, D. G.; Goldman, A. I. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Kreyssig, A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Lokshin, K. A. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States); Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Neuefeind, J. C.; An, Ke [Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Wang, Xun-Li [Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon (Hong Kong); Egami, T. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States)

2016-01-15

Neutron diffraction studies of metallic liquids provide valuable information about inherent topological and chemical ordering on multiple length scales as well as insight into dynamical processes at the level of a few atoms. However, there exist very few facilities in the world that allow such studies to be made of reactive metallic liquids in a containerless environment, and these are designed for use at reactor-based neutron sources. We present an electrostatic levitation facility, NESL (for Neutron ElectroStatic Levitator), which takes advantage of the enhanced capabilities and increased neutron flux available at spallation neutron sources (SNSs). NESL enables high quality elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments to be made of reactive metallic and other liquids in the equilibrium and supercooled temperature regime. The apparatus is comprised of a high vacuum chamber, external and internal neutron collimation optics, and a sample exchange mechanism that allows up to 30 samples to be processed between chamber openings. Two heating lasers allow excellent sample temperature homogeneity, even for samples approaching 500 mg, and an automated temperature control system allows isothermal measurements to be conducted for times approaching 2 h in the liquid state, with variations in the average sample temperature of less than 0.5%. To demonstrate the capabilities of the facility for elastic scattering studies of liquids, a high quality total structure factor for Zr{sub 64}Ni{sub 36} measured slightly above the liquidus temperature is presented from experiments conducted on the nanoscale-ordered materials diffractometer (NOMAD) beam line at the SNS after only 30 min of acquisition time for a small sample (∼100 mg)

Study on porosity of ceramic SiC using small angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jizhou; Yang Jilian; Kang Jian; Ye Chuntang

1996-01-01

The mechanical properties of functional heat-resistant ceramics SiC are significantly influenced by the concentration and dimensions of pores. Small angle neutron scattering measurements for 3 SiC samples with different densities are performed on C1-2 SANS instrument of the University of Tokyo. Two groups of the neutron data are obtained using 8 and 16 m of secondary flight path, 1 and 0.7 nm of neutron wave lengths, respectively. After deduction of background measurement and transmission correction, both neutron data are linked up with each other. The patterns of neutron data of 3 samples with Q range from 0.028∼0.5 nm -1 are almost with axial symmetry, showing that the shape of pores is almost spherical. Using Mellin transform, size distributions of pores in 3 samples are obtained. The average size (∼19 nm) of pores for hot-pressed SiC sample with higher density is smaller than the others (∼ 21 nm). It seems to be the reason why the density of hot-pressed SiC sample is higher than not hot-pressed sample

Study of the α and β phases of quartz by neutron multiple diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazzocchi, V.L.

1984-01-01

Crystal structures of α and β phases of quartz are studied, employing neutron multiple diffraction as a method of analysis. Theoretical multiple diffraction patterns in a many-beam case were determined by a computer program which calculates intensities of beams as sums of Taylor's series expansions, retaining terms up to a order n. Experimental 'umweg' and transmitted beam patterns were obtained for the 00.1 primary reflection of α and β phases of quartz. To calculate α - quartz multiple diffraction intensities it was necessary to determine the Dauphine twinning fraction for the crystal after having passed by the β-phase. For the two models of β-quartz a better agreement between experimental and calculated integrated intensities was found for the disordered structure model based on split-half-oxigen positions. (Author) [pt

Perdeuteration, purification, crystallization and preliminary neutron diffraction of an ocean pout type III antifreeze protein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petit-Haertlein, Isabelle; Blakeley, Matthew P.; Howard, Eduardo; Hazemann, Isabelle; Mitschler, Andre; Haertlein, Michael; Podjarny, Alberto

2009-01-01

Perdeuterated type III antifreeze protein has been expressed, purified and crystallized. Preliminary neutron data collection showed diffraction to 1.85 Å resolution from a 0.13 mm 3 crystal. The highly homologous type III antifreeze protein (AFP) subfamily share the capability to inhibit ice growth at subzero temperatures. Extensive studies by X-ray crystallography have been conducted, mostly on AFPs from polar fishes. Although interactions between a defined flat ice-binding surface and a particular lattice plane of an ice crystal have now been identified, the fine structural features underlying the antifreeze mechanism still remain unclear owing to the intrinsic difficulty in identifying H atoms using X-ray diffraction data alone. Here, successful perdeuteration (i.e. complete deuteration) for neutron crystallographic studies of the North Atlantic ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) AFP in Escherichia coli high-density cell cultures is reported. The perdeuterated protein (AFP D) was expressed in inclusion bodies, refolded in deuterated buffer and purified by cation-exchange chromatography. Well shaped perdeuterated AFP D crystals have been grown in D 2 O by the sitting-drop method. Preliminary neutron Laue diffraction at 293 K using LADI-III at ILL showed that with a few exposures of 24 h a very low background and clear small spots up to a resolution of 1.85 Å were obtained using a ‘radically small’ perdeuterated AFP D crystal of dimensions 0.70 × 0.55 × 0.35 mm, corresponding to a volume of 0.13 mm 3

A comparison of dilatometry and in-situ neutron diffraction in tracking bulk phase transformations in a martensitic stainless steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christien, F., E-mail: frederic.christien@univ-nantes.fr [Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3 (France); Telling, M.T.F. [ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford (United Kingdom); Knight, K.S. [ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London (United Kingdom)

2013-08-15

Phase transformations in the 17-4PH martensitic stainless steel have been studied using different in-situ techniques, including dilatometry and high resolution neutron diffraction. Neutron diffraction patterns were quantitatively processed using the Rietveld refinement method, allowing the determination of the temperature-dependence of martensite (α′, bcc) and austenite (γ, fcc) phase fractions and lattice parameters on heating to 1000 °C and then cooling to room temperature. It is demonstrated in this work that dilatometry doesn't permit an accurate determination of the end temperature (Ac3) of the α′ → γ transformation which occurs upon heating to high temperature. The analysis of neutron diffraction data has shown that the respective volumes of the two phases become very close to each other at high temperature, thus making the dilatometric technique almost insensitive in that temperature range. However, there is a very good agreement between neutron diffraction and dilatometry at lower temperature. The martensitic transformation occurring upon cooling has been analysed using the Koistinen–Marburger equation. The thermal expansion coefficients of the two phases have been determined in addition. A comparison of the results obtained in this work with data from literature is presented. - Highlights: • Martensite is still present at very high temperature (> 930 °C) upon heating. • The end of austenitisation cannot be accurately monitored by dilatometry. • The martensite and austenite volumes become similar at high temperature (> ∼ 850 °C)

Neutron diffraction studies on lattice strain evolution around a crack-tip during tensile loading and unloading cycles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun Yinan [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States)]. E-mail: ysun1@utk.edu; Choo, Hahn [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Liaw, Peter K. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Lu Yulin [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Yang Bing [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Brown, Donald W. [Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Bourke, Mark A.M. [Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States)

2005-10-15

Elastic lattice-strain profiles ahead of a fatigue-crack-tip were measured during tensile loading and unloading cycles using neutron diffraction. The crack-closure phenomenon after an overload was observed. Furthermore, the plastic-zone size in front of the crack-tip was estimated from the diffraction-peak broadening, which showed good agreement with the calculated result.

Complementary application of neutron and synchrotron radiation for the investigation of dimethyl sulfoxide influence on the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle structure and properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiselev, M.A.

2003-01-01

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used in cryobiology, cell biology, radiation biology, veterinary, and therapy of critical situation. DMSO easily penetrates through biological membranes and skin. From 1995 to 2000 contradictory results about DMSO penetration into the lipid membrane were obtained via X-ray diffraction at three different biophysical groups in Great Britain, USA, and Russia. The goal of the present work is to determine more exactly the early obtained results via complementary application of X-ray diffraction and neutron small-angle scattering. It was established that DMSO molecule penetration into the lipid membrane depends on the DMSO concentration in water solution. Membrane defects develop above DMSO mole fraction 0.2. (author)

Development of a sample environment for neutron diffraction at low temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jeong Soo; Lee, Chang Hee; Choi, Yong Nam

2000-06-01

This report contains the development of low temperature sample environment for the neutron diffraction and its utilization techniques. With this research, a low temperature experimental facility of T=10-300 K was developed. We measured magnetic peak of La 1 .4Sr 1 .6Mn 2 O 7 due to low temperature phase transition successfully by this unit installed at the sample table of HRPD. Therefore, the research capability for various materials under the low temperature was expanded

Neutron powder diffraction studies of Hydrogen and Denterium in Palladium Phosphides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andersson, Y.

1986-01-01

The use of the Rietveld-type profile refinements on neutron powder diffraction intensity data for determining crystallographic positions of hydrogen and deuterium in metal hydrides is illustrated by results obtained on some hydrogenated and deuterated palladium phosphides. The structural features of the solid solutions of hydrogen and deuterium in Pd/sb15/P/sb2/ Pd/sb6/P and Pd/sb3/P/sb1-u/ (0< u<0.28) are briefly presented and discussed

SUSANS With Polarized Neutrons.

Science.gov (United States)

Wagh, Apoorva G; Rakhecha, Veer Chand; Strobl, Makus; Treimer, Wolfgang

2005-01-01

Super Ultra-Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SUSANS) studies over wave vector transfers of 10(-4) nm(-1) to 10(-3) nm(-1) afford information on micrometer-size agglomerates in samples. Using a right-angled magnetic air prism, we have achieved a separation of ≈10 arcsec between ≈2 arcsec wide up- and down-spin peaks of 0.54 nm neutrons. The SUSANS instrument has thus been equipped with the polarized neutron option. The samples are placed in a uniform vertical field of 8.8 × 10(4) A/m (1.1 kOe). Several magnetic alloy ribbon samples broaden the up-spin neutron peak significantly over the ±1.3 × 10(-3) nm(-1) range, while leaving the down-spin peak essentially unaltered. Fourier transforms of these SUSANS spectra corrected for the instrument resolution, yield micrometer-range pair distribution functions for up- and down-spin neutrons as well as the nuclear and magnetic scattering length density distributions in the samples.

Neutron and synchrotorn x-ray small angle scattering instruments for applications in biology at the Brookhaven National Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schoenborn, B.P.; Wise, D.S.; Schneider, D.K.

1983-01-01

Facilities for small angle x-ray and neutron scattering are described, with emphasis on the characterization of the primary beam of the neutron instrument and the spectrometer control logic of the synchrotron instrument

The plain truth about forming a plane wave of neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wagh, Apoorva G., E-mail: nintsspd@barc.gov.i [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India); Abbas, Sohrab [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India); Treimer, Wolfgang [Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin (Germany)

2011-04-01

We have attained the first sub-arcsecond collimation of a monochromatic neutron beam by diffracting neutrons from a Bragg prism, viz. a single crystal prism operating in the vicinity of Bragg incidence. Analytical as well numerical computations based on the dynamical diffraction theory, led to the optimised collimator configuration of a silicon {l_brace}1 1 1{r_brace} Bragg prism for 5.26 A neutrons. We fabricated a Bragg prism to these specifications, tested and operated it at the double diffractometer setup in Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin to produce a 0.58 arcsec wide monochromatic neutron beam. With a similarly optimised Bragg prism analyser of opposite asymmetry, we recorded a 0.62 arcsec wide virgin rocking curve for this ultra-parallel beam. With this nearly plane-wave neutron beam, we have recorded the first ever USANS spectrum in Q{approx}10{sup -6} A{sup -1} range with a hydroxyapatite casein protein sample and demonstrated the instrument capability to characterise agglomerates up to 150 {mu}m in size. The super-collimated monochromatic beam has also enabled us to record the first neutron diffraction pattern from a macroscopic grating of 200 {mu}m period. The transverse coherence length of 175 {mu}m (FWHM) of the ultra-parallel beam derived from the analysis of this pattern, is the greatest achieved to date for A wavelength neutrons.