Thermal stability of polyoxometalate compound of Keggin K8[2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O supported with SiO2

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Yunita Sari M A

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Synthesis through sol-gel method and characterization of polyoxometalate compound of K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O supported with SiO2 have been done. The functional groups of polyoxometalate compound  was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer for the fungtional groups and the degree’s of crystalinity  using XRD. The acidity of K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O/SiO2 was determined qualitative analysis using ammonia and pyridine adsorption and the quantitative analysis using potentiometric titration method. The results of FT-IR spectrum of K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O appeared at  wavenumber 987.55 cm-1 (W=O, 864.11 cm-1 (W-Oe-W, 756.1 cm-1 (W-Oc-W, 3425.58 cm-1 (O-H, respectively and spectrum of  K8[b2-SiW11O39]SiO2 appeared at wavenumber  956.69 cm-1 (W=O, 864.11 cm-1 (W-Oe-W, 3448.72 cm-1 (O-H, respectively. The diffraction of XRD pattern of K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O and K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O/SiO2 compounds show high crystalinity. The acidic properties showed K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O/SiO2 more acidic compared to K8[b2-The SiW11O39]∙nH2O. The qualitative analysis showed pyridine compound adsorbed more of polyoxometalate compound of K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O/SiO2. Analysis of stability showed that the K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O/SiO2 at temperature 500°C has structural changes compare to 200-400oC which was indicated from vibration at wavenumber 800-1000 cm-1. Keywords : K8[b2-SiW11O39]∙nH2O, polyoxometalate, SiO2.

Comparison between thermal annealing and ion mixing of multilayered Ni-W films on Si. II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pai, C.S.; Lau, S.S.; Poker, D.B.; Hung, L.S.

1985-01-01

The reactions between bilayered Ni/W films and Si substrates induced by thermal annealing and ion mixing were investigated and compared. Samples were prepared by electron-beam sequential deposition of Ni and W onto the Si substrates and following by either furnace annealing (approx. 200--900 0 C) or ion mixing (approx. 2 x 10 15 -- 4 x 10 16 86 Kr + ions/cm 2 ). The reactions were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering and x-ray diffraction (Read camera). Thermal annealing of both W/Ni/Si and Ni/W/Si samples led to the formation of Ni silicide next to the Si substrate and W silicide on the sample surface (layer reversal between Ni and W in the Ni/W/Si case). Ion mixing of W/Ni/Si samples led to the formation of Ni silicide with a thin layer of Ni-W-Si mixture located at the sample surface. For Ni/W/Si samples a ternary amorphous mixture of Ni-W-Si was obtained with ion mixing. These reactions were rationalized in terms of the mobilities of various atoms and the intermixings between layers

Ternary complexes of folate-PEG-appended dendrimer (G4)/α-cyclodextrin conjugate, siRNA and low-molecular-weight polysaccharide sacran as a novel tumor-selective siRNA delivery system.

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Ohyama, Ayumu; Higashi, Taishi; Motoyama, Keiichi; Arima, Hidetoshi

2017-06-01

We previously developed a tumor-selective siRNA carrier by preparing polyamidoamine dendrimer (generation 4, G4) conjugates with α-cyclodextrin and folate-polyethylene glycol (Fol-PαC (G4)). In the present study, we developed ternary complexes of Fol-PαC (G4)/siRNA with low-molecular-weight-sacrans to achieve more effective siRNA transfer activity. Among the different molecular-weight sacrans, i.e. sacran 100, 1000 and 10,000 (MW 44,889Da, 943,692Da and 1,488,281Da, respectively), sacran 100 significantly increased the cellular uptake and the RNAi effects of Fol-PαC (G4)/siRNA binary complex with negligible cytotoxicity in KB cells (folate receptor-α positive cells). In addition, the ζ-potential and particle size of Fol-PαC (G4)/siRNA complex were decreased by the ternary complexation with sacran 100. Importantly, the in vivo RNAi effect of the ternary complex after the intravenous administration to tumor-bearing BALB/c mice was significantly higher than that of the binary complex. In conclusion, Fol-PαC (G4)/siRNA/sacran 100 ternary complex has a potential as a novel tumor-selective siRNA delivery system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and refractory metals in binary and ternary silicon-based films using ion beam methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Somatri-Bouamrane, R.

1996-01-01

Ion beam methods (non Rutherford backscattering, nuclear reactions) have been carried out in order to characterize silicon-based films. The cross sections for the reactions 12 C(α,α), 14 N(α,α), 16 O(α,α), 28 Si(α,α) and 14 N(α,p) have been measured within 2 and 7 MeV. CVD beta SiC films could be analyzed and the interface between silicon carbide and the (100) silicon substrate was studied. The epitaxial growth of the beta SiC film could be modelled by comparing the results obtained with ion beam analysis, infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Moreover, the stoichiometry of low pressure CVD Me-Si-N (Me=Re, W, Ti, Ta) ternary systems was studied. The evolution of the nitrogen content in W-Si-N systems allowed to study their stability with respect to the annealing conditions. (N.T.)

In vitro and in vivo siRNA delivery to hepatocyte utilizing ternary complexation of lactosylated dendrimer/cyclodextrin conjugates, siRNA and low-molecular-weight sacran.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayashi, Yuya; Higashi, Taishi; Motoyama, Keiichi; Jono, Hirofumi; Ando, Yukio; Arima, Hidetoshi

2018-02-01

In this study, we newly developed the ternary complexes consisting of lactosylated dendrimer (generation 3)/α-cyclodextrin conjugate (Lac-α-CDE), siRNA and the anionic polysaccharide sacrans, and evaluated their utility as siRNA transfer carriers. Three kinds of the low-molecular-weight sacrans, i.e. sacran (100) (Mw 44,889Da), sacran (1000) (Mw 943,692Da) and sacran (10,000) (Mw 1,488,281Da) were used. Lac-α-CDE/siRNA/sacran ternary complexes were prepared by adding the low-molecular-weight sacrans to the Lac-α-CDE/siRNA binary complex solution. Cellular uptake of the ternary complex with sacran (100) was higher than that of the binary complex or the other ternary complexes with sacran (1000) and sacran (10,000) in HepG2 cells. Additionally, the ternary complex possessed high serum resistance and endosomal escaping ability in HepG2 cells. High liver levels of siRNA and Lac-α-CDE were observed after the intravenous administration of the ternary complex rather than that of the binary complex. Moreover, intravenous administration of the ternary complex (siRNA 5mg/kg) induced the significant RNAi effect in the liver of mice with negligible change of blood chemistry values. Therefore, a ternary complexation of the Lac-α-CDE/siRNA binary complex with sacran is useful as a hepatocyte-specific siRNA delivery system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ternary diffusion in Cu-rich fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys at 1073 K

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Liu, Dandan [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083 (China); State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083 (China); Zhang, Lijun [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083 (China); Du, Yong, E-mail: yongducalphad@gmail.com [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083 (China); Xu, Honghui [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083 (China); Jin, Zhanpeng [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083 (China)

2013-07-25

Highlights: •Interdiffusivities in Cu-rich fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys at 1073 K were determined. •The present results were compared with experimental data in boundary binary systems. •The present results were validated by thermodynamic constraints and Fick’s law. •The sign of ternary cross diffusivities was predicted in terms of thermodynamics. -- Abstract: Utilizing six groups of bulk diffusion couples and with electron probe microanalysis technique, the composition dependence of ternary interdiffusion coefficients in Cu-rich fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys at 1073 K were determined by the Matano-Kirkaldy method. Using a three-dimensional representation, the obtained main ternary diffusion coefficients were found to be consistent with the experimental data in boundary binaries available in the literature. The reliability of the obtained interdiffusivities was further validated by thermodynamic constraints as well as by Fick’s second law applied to numerical simulation. The sign of the ternary cross diffusivities in fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys, which shows a noticeable effect on microstructure, was also successfully predicted in terms of thermodynamics.

Ternary diffusion in Cu-rich fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys at 1073 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Dandan; Zhang, Lijun; Du, Yong; Xu, Honghui; Jin, Zhanpeng

2013-01-01

Highlights: •Interdiffusivities in Cu-rich fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys at 1073 K were determined. •The present results were compared with experimental data in boundary binary systems. •The present results were validated by thermodynamic constraints and Fick’s law. •The sign of ternary cross diffusivities was predicted in terms of thermodynamics. -- Abstract: Utilizing six groups of bulk diffusion couples and with electron probe microanalysis technique, the composition dependence of ternary interdiffusion coefficients in Cu-rich fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys at 1073 K were determined by the Matano-Kirkaldy method. Using a three-dimensional representation, the obtained main ternary diffusion coefficients were found to be consistent with the experimental data in boundary binaries available in the literature. The reliability of the obtained interdiffusivities was further validated by thermodynamic constraints as well as by Fick’s second law applied to numerical simulation. The sign of the ternary cross diffusivities in fcc Cu–Al–Si alloys, which shows a noticeable effect on microstructure, was also successfully predicted in terms of thermodynamics

The novel eutectic microstructures of Si-Mn-P ternary alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Yaping; Liu Xiangfa

2010-01-01

The microstructures of Si-Mn-P alloy manufactured by the technique of combining phosphorus transportation and alloy melting were investigated using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The phase compositions were determined by energy spectrum and the varieties of eutectic morphologies were discussed. It is found that there is no ternary compound but Si, MnP and MnSi 1.75-x could appear when the Si-Mn-P alloy's composition is proper. Microstructure is greatly refined by rapid solidification technique and the amount of eutectic phases change with faster cooling rates. Moreover, primary Si or MnP are surrounded firstly by the binary eutectic (Si + MnP) and then the ternary eutectic (Si + MnSi 1.75-x + MnP) which also exhibit binary structures due to divorced eutectic determined by the particularity of some Si-Mn-P alloys.

Ternary scandium and transition metals germanides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kotur, B.Ya.

1992-01-01

Brief review of data on phase diagram of ternary Sc-Me-Ge systems (Me-d - , f-transition element) is given. Isothermal sections at 870 and 1070 K of 17 ternary systems are plotted. Compositions and their structural characteristics are presented. Variability of crystal structure is typical for ternary scandium germanides: 70 compounds with the studied structure belong to 23 structural types. Ternary germanides isostructural to types of Sm 4 Ge 4 , ZrCrSi 2 , ZrNiAl, ScCeSi, TiNiSi U 4 Re 7 Si 6 145 compounds from 70 under investigation are mostly formed in studied systems

Quantitative analysis of crystalline and remaining glass phases in CaO-B2O3-SiO2 ternary system glass ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Ming; Wu Mengqiang; Zhang Shuren; Zhou Xiaohua; Zhang Ting; Chen Song

2010-01-01

Research highlights: → As for CBS ternary system glass ceramics, due to the complex phase compositions, many methods could be difficult to determine quantitatively the absolute amounts of crystalline and remaining oxides. In this study, an available method based on the Rietveld method was used to quantitatively analyze the relative weight fraction and densities of crystalline phases. These above data are used to obtain a table of both relative weight fraction of crystalline phases and densities of all phases including CBS LTCC. Using volume additivity rule, it is possible to analysis quantitatively the absolute weight fraction of crystalline phases and also the oxides molar content in the remaining glass. - Abstract: Based on Rietveld method of X-ray techniques and volume additivity rule, a new method was developed to quantitatively analyze the phase composition of CaO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 ternary system glass ceramics. Lattice parameters, densities and relative weight fractions of crystalline phases in CaO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 ternary system were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) refinement. According to the relative weight fraction of crystalline phases and densities of various components, the volume additivity rule was revealed by calculating the absolute weight fraction of crystalline phases of CaO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass ceramics. In addition, molar contents of the oxides in the remaining glass can also be determined by this method. Comparing this method with internal standard method, it is found that the maximum deviations of the crystallinity and the absolute weight fraction of crystalline phases are less than 2.6% and 2.9%, respectively. As a result, quantitative evaluation of CaO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 ternary system glass ceramics can be achieved using this method.

Fracture behavior of reaction layers in W and SiC joint system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Son, S.J.; Kohyama, A.; Yu, I.K.; Cho, S.

2007-01-01

Full text of publication follows: SiC and SiC/SiC composites are considering as attractive structural materials for fusion reactors, because of their excellent physical, chemical and nuclear properties in fusion environments. For the application of these materials to gas-cooled fusion blanket systems, they have to satisfy specific requirements, such as hermeticity and surface features, in addition to baseline thermo-mechanical and irradiation properties. One of the critical issues for a fusion technology is a plasma facing material, which is considered in the connection with joining, heat transfer control and protection from helium gas in high temperature components. Tungsten as a coating material for SiC-based plasma-facing components has excellent advantages, such as a small mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion, a very low sputtering yield, inherent heat resistance and high thermal conductivity. Therefore, tungsten and its alloys are promising as potential coating materials for divertor and first wall applications. In the present work, by using micron-sized tungsten and nano-SiC powders, W-SiC joints were prepared by simultaneous and sequential hot-pressing process. Various reaction products in the tungsten-SiC system were revealed by microstructural analyses. The interfacial phases and thickness were strongly depended on the temperature and time of hot pressing. The fracture characteristics of the reaction layers determine the robustness of W/SiC systems. Therefore, in this work, fracture behaviors by analyzing the indentation induced cracks in each phase and mechanical properties of W/SiC joints were examined. The most high shear strength was obtained in the joints fabricated at the conditions of 1780 deg. C, 20 MPa, 1 hr holding time. Easy crack extension was confirmed in the region of WC phase. The fracture of 1870 deg. C fabrication samples, which showed comparatively low shear strength, occurred at the wide region of reaction phases (WC+W 5 Si 3 +W

The effect of the head group on branched-alkyl chain surfactants in glycolipid/n-octane/water ternary system.

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Nainggolan, Irwana; Radiman, Shahidan; Hamzah, Ahmad Sazali; Hashim, Rauzah

2009-10-01

Two novel glycolipids have been synthesized and their phase behaviour studied. They have been characterized using FT-IR, FAB and 13C NMR and 1H NMR to ensure the purity of novel glycolipids. The two glycolipids are distinguished based on the head group of glycolipids (monosaccharide/glucose and disaccharide/maltose). These two novel glycolipids have been used as surfactant to perform two phase diagrams. Phase behaviours that have been investigated are 2-hexyldecyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2-HDG)/n-octane/water ternary system and 2-hexyldecyl-beta-D-maltoside (2-HDM)/n-octane/water ternary system. SAXS and polarizing optical microscope have been used to study the phase behaviours of these two surfactants in ternary phase diagram. Study of effect of the head group on branched-alkyl chain surfactants in ternary system is a strategy to derive the structure-property relationship. For comparison, 2-HDM and 2-HDG have been used as surfactant in the same ternary system. The phase diagram of 2-hexyldecyl-beta-D-maltoside/n-octane/water ternary system exhibited a Lalpha phase at a higher concentration regime, followed with two phases and a micellar solution region in a lower concentration regime. The phase diagram of 2-HDG/water/n-octane ternary system shows hexagonal phase, cubic phase, rectangular ribbon phase, lamellar phase, cubic phase as the surfactant concentration increase.

Volume dependence of T/sub c/ of Ternary A-15 Phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shamrai, V.

1984-01-01

Results are presented of measurements of the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/, lattice constant a, magnetic susceptibility /sub chi/, and critical field H/sub c/ 2 for many Nb 3 Al and V 3 Si-based ternary phases and Nb 3 SnH/sub x/. For V 3 Si-based ternary systems and Nb 3 SnH/sub x/ the density of states at the Fermi level N(epsilon/sub F/) sharply decreases with the concentration of the alloying element. The variation of N(epsilon/sub F/) in these ternary systems cannot be explained by the variation of a. In ternary phases Nb 3 (Al/sub 1-x/dY/sub x/), where Y can be Ge, Ga, Sb, or Se, a quite clear correlation is revealed between T/sub c/ and a. The dependence of T/sub c/ on V in these systems is due to the variation of the matrix element of the electron-phonon interaction 2 >

kW-level commercial Yb-doped aluminophosphosilicate ternary laser fiber

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Shihao; Zhan, Huan; Li, Yuwei; Liu, Shuang; Jiang, Jiali; Peng, Kun; Wang, Yuying; Ni, Li; Wang, Xiaolong; Jiang, Lei; Yu, Juan; Liu, Gang; Lu, Pengfei; Wang, Jianjun; Jing, Feng; Lin, Aoxiang

2018-03-01

Based on a master oscillator power amplifier configuration, laser performance of commercial Nufern-20/400-8M Ybdoped aluminophosphosilicate ternary laser fiber was investigated. Pumped by 976 nm laser diodes, 982 W laser output power was obtained with a slope efficiency of 84.9%. Spectrum of output was centered at 1066.56nm with 3dB bandwidth less than 0.32 nm, and the nonlinearity suppression ratio was more than 39dB. Beam quality of Mx2 and M2y were 1.55 and 1.75 at 982 W, respectively. The laser performance indicated that Nufern-20/400-8M Yb-doped aluminophosphosilicate ternary laser fiber is highly competitive for industry fiber laser use.

Alleviation of Fermi level pinning at metal/n-Ge interface with lattice-matched Si x Ge1‑ x ‑ y Sn y ternary alloy interlayer on Ge

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Akihiro; Nakatsuka, Osamu; Sakashita, Mitsuo; Zaima, Shigeaki

2018-06-01

The impact of a silicon germanium tin (Si x Ge1‑ x ‑ y Sn y ) ternary alloy interlayer on the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of metal/Ge contacts with various metal work functions has been investigated. Lattice matching at the Si x Ge1‑ x ‑ y Sn y /Ge heterointerface is a key factor for controlling Fermi level pinning (FLP) at the metal/Ge interface. The Si x Ge1‑ x ‑ y Sn y ternary alloy interlayer having a small lattice mismatch with the Ge substrate can alleviate FLP at the metal/Ge interface significantly. A Si0.11Ge0.86Sn0.03 interlayer increases the slope parameter for the work function dependence of the SBH to 0.4. An ohmic behavior with an SBH below 0.15 eV can be obtained with Zr and Al/Si0.11Ge0.86Sn0.03/n-Ge contacts at room temperature.

Keggin type polyoxometalate H4[αSiW12O40].nH2O as intercalant for hydrotalcite

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Neza Rahayu Palapa

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The synthesis of hydrotalcite and polyoxometalate H4[αSiW12O40].nH2O with the ratio (2:1, (1:1, (1:2 and (1:3 has been done. The product of intercalation was characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer, XRD, and TG-DTA. Polyoxometalate H4[αSiW12O40].nH2O intercalated layered double hydroxide was optimised to use as adsorbent Congo red dye. Characterization using FT-IR was not showing the optimal insertion process. The result using XRD characterization was showed successful of polyoxometalate H4[αSiW12O40].nH2O inserted layered double hydroxide with a ratio (1:1 which the basal spacing was expanded from 7,8 Ȧ to 9,81 Ȧ. Furthermore, the thermal analysis was performed using TG-DTA. The result show that the decomposition of polyoxometalate H4[αSiW12O40].nH2O intercalated  hydrotalcite with ratio (1:1 was occured at 80oC to 400oC with a loss of OH in the layer at 150oC to 220oC, and then the decomposition of the compound polyoxometalate H4[αSiW12O40].nH2O at 350oC to 420oC. Keywords: Hydrotalcite, Layered Double Hydroxide, Polyoxometalate, Intercalation

Search for new ternary Al, Ga or In containing phases using information forecasting system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiseleva, N.N.; Burkhanov, G.S.

1989-01-01

Automated system of search for regularities in the formation of crystal phases and forecasting of new compounds with required properties, comprising data base on the properties of ternary inorganic compounds and cybernetic forecasting system, has been developed. General principles of operation of the developed information-forecasting system are considered. Efficiency of the system operation is shown, using as an example the search for new ternary compounds with aluminium, gallium and indium, crystallized in ZrNiAl, TiNiSi, ThCr 2 Si 2 , CaAl 2 Si 2 structural types. Results of the above-mentioned phases forecasting are shown

Excess molar volumes of the ternary system {methylcyclohexane (1)+cyclohexane (2)+n-alkanes (3)} at T=298.15 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iloukhani, Hossein; Rezaei-Sameti, Mahdi

2005-01-01

Densities were experimentally determined in the whole range of composition at T=298.15 K for the ternary system {methylcyclohexane (1)+cyclohexane (2)+n-alkanes (3)} and for the seven corresponding binary systems. The n-alkanes include n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane. Excess molar volumes, V E , were calculated for the binaries and ternaries systems. The V 123 E data are positive over the entire range of composition for the systems {methylcyclohexane (1)+cyclohexane (2)+n-heptane (3) or n-octane (3)} at three fixed compositions (f m =X 1 /X 2 ). For the system {methylcyclohexane (1)+cyclohexane (2)+n-hexane (3)}, the V E values showed positive for f m =0.3 and negative for f m =3. The V E data exhibit, an inversion in sign in the mixture containing f m =1 for later ternary system. Several empirical expressions are used to predict and correlate the ternary excess molar volumes from experimental results on the constituted binaries and analyzed to gain insight about liquid mixture interactions

Phase composition and saturated liquid properties in binary and ternary systems containing carbon dioxide, n-decane, and n-tetradecane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kariznovi, Mohammad; Nourozieh, Hossein; Abedi, Jalal

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► Binary and ternary systems of (carbon dioxide + n-decane + n-tetradecane) at 323.2 K. ► Isothermal phase properties measurements over wide range of pressure (1 to 6) MPa. ► Experimental measurements, density, viscosity, and composition, using a designed PVT apparatus. ► The experimental data were correlated using two equations of state. ► The interaction parameters and the volume shift values from the experimental data on the binary pairs. - Abstract: Experimental phase equilibrium data have been measured for the binary and ternary systems containing (carbon dioxide, n-decane, and n-tetradecane) at 323.2 K over the pressure range (1 to 6) MPa using a designed PVT apparatus. The measurements presented in this paper were undertaken to determine liquid phase composition and liquid saturated properties (density and viscosity) when a liquid hydrocarbon (n-decane, n-tetradecane, and their mixtures) was saturated with carbon dioxide. The generated data for compositions and densities were correlated with the Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) and Peng–Robinson (PR) equations of state (EOS). The adjustment of binary interaction parameters and volume translation technique has been employed to correlate the experimental compositions and densities. The adjusted binary parameters from the data of binary pairs (carbon dioxide + n-decane) and (carbon dioxide + n-tetradecane) were used to correlate the generated ternary data. The calculated ternary compositions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data using the binary parameters from the data of binary pairs for both EOSs. The results for the density of saturated liquid phase indicated that the volume translation should be applied to all components in the binary and ternary systems to describe accurately the saturated liquid densities for mixtures.

Ternary alloying study of MoSi2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yi, D.; Li, C.; Akselsen, O.M.; Ulvensoen, J.H.

1998-01-01

Ternary alloying of MoSi 2 with adding a series of transition elements was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Iron, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Ti, and Nb were chosen as alloying elements according to the AB 2 structure map or the atomic size factor. The studied MoSi 2 base alloys were prepared by the arc melting process from high-purity metals. The EDS analysis showed that Fe, Co, and Ni have no solid solubility in as-cast MoSi 2 , while Cr, V, Ti, and Nb exhibit limited solid solubilities, which were determined to be 1.4 ± 0.7, 1.4 ± 0.4, 0.4 ± 0.1, and 0.8 ± 0.1. Microstructural characterization indicated that Mo-Si-M VIII (M VIII = Fe, Co, Ni) and Mo-Si-Cr alloys have a two-phase as-cast microstructure, i.e., MoSi 2 matrix and the second-phase FeSi 2 , CoSi, NiSi 2 , and CrSi 2 , respectively. In as-cast Mo-Si-V, Mo-Si-Ti, and Mo-Si-Nb alloys, besides MoSi 2 and C40 phases, the third phases were observed, which have been identified to be (Mo, V) 5 Si 3 , TiSi 2 , and (Mo, Nb) 5 Si 3

(Vapour + liquid) equilibria in the ternary system (acetonitrile + n-propanol + ethylene glycol) and corresponding binary systems at 101.3 kPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qian, Guo-fei; Liu, Wen; Wang, Li-tao; Wang, Dao-cai; Song, Hang

2013-01-01

Highlights: • We adopted a new extractive solvent “ethylene glycol” to separate the mixture. • We measured the VLE data of binary system n-propanol + ethylene glycol. • We reinforce the VLE data of binary system acetonitrile + ethylene glycol. • We predicted the VLE data for the ternary system successfully. -- Abstract: Experimental isobaric (Vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3 kPa were determined for three binary systems, viz. {acetonitrile (1) + n-propanol (2)}, {acetonitrile (1) + ethylene glycol (3)} and {n-propanol (2) + ethylene glycol (3)} and for one ternary system {acetonitrile (1) + n-propanol (2) + ethylene glycol (3)}. The measurements were performed using an improved Rose equilibrium still. The VLE data of the binary systems passed thermodynamic consistency tests and were correlated by Wilson and NRTL models. Good results were achieved. The phase behaviour of the ternary system was predicted directly by the parameters of two models obtained from the experimental binary results. The results showed an excellent agreement with experimental values

Ternary systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kagan, D.N.; Hubberstey, P.; Barker, M.G.

1985-01-01

The paper reviews the experimental and theoretical studies carried out on multicomponent alkali metal systems. Solid-liquid phase equilibria studies are mainly concerned with the systems Na-K-Rb and Na-K-Cs, and data on the liquidus temperatures in these systems are presented. The thermodynamic properties of the ternary Na-K-Cs eutectic system have been determined experimentally, and the enthalpy, heat capacity and excess functions of the alloy are given. An analysis of calculational methods used in determining thermodynamic functions of ternary liquid metals systems is described. Finally, data are tabulated for the density, compressibility, saturated vapour pressure, viscosity and thermal conductivity of the ternary Na-K-Cs eutectic system. (UK)

Effect of ternary alloying elements on microstructure and mechanical property of Nb-Si based refractory intermetallic alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, W.Y.; Kim, H.S.; Kim, S.K.; Ra, T.Y.; Kim, M.S.

2005-01-01

Microstructure and mechanical property at room temperature and at 1773 K of Nb-Si based refractory intermetallic alloys were investigated in terms of compression and fracture toughness test. Mo and V were chosen as ternary alloying elements because of their high melting points, atomic sizes smaller than Nb. Both ternary alloying elements were found to have a significant role in modifying the microstructure from dispersed structure to eutectic-like structure in Nb solid solution/Nb 5 Si 3 intermetallic composites. The 0.2% offset yield strength at room temperature increased with increasing content of ternary elements in Nb solid solution and volume fraction of Nb 5 Si 3 . At 1773 K, Mo addition has a positive role in increasing the yield strength. On the other hand, V addition has a role in decreasing the yield strength. The fracture toughness of ternary alloys was superior to binary alloys. Details will be discussed in correlation with ternary alloying, volume fraction of constituent phase, and the microstructure. (orig.)

X-ray absorption near-edge structure of hexagonal ternary phases in sputter-deposited TiAlN films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gago, R., E-mail: rgago@icmm.csic.es [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28049 Madrid (Spain); Soldera, F. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken (Germany); Hübner, R.; Lehmann, J.; Munnik, F. [Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden (Germany); Vázquez, L. [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28049 Madrid (Spain); Redondo-Cubero, A. [Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 2686-953 Sacavém (Portugal); Endrino, J.L. [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28049 Madrid (Spain); Abengoa Research S.L., c/Energía Solar 1, Palmas Altas, E-41014 Seville (Spain)

2013-06-05

Highlights: ► Growth of ternary TiAlN films with nearly single-phase wurzite structure. ► Soft X-rays XANES measurements of ternary TiAlN films with wurzite structure. ► Identification of ternary TiAlN hexagonal phases by XANES. ► Correlation of XANES measurements with reported theoretical calculations. -- Abstract: Titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) coatings have been grown by reactive (Ar/N{sub 2}) direct-current magnetron sputtering from a Ti{sub 50}Al{sub 50} compound target. The film composition has been quantified by ion beam analysis showing the formation of Al-rich nitrides (Ti/Al ∼ 0.3), with stoichiometric films for N{sub 2} contents in the gas mixture equal or above ∼25%. The surface morphology of the films has been imaged by atomic force microscopy, showing very smooth surfaces with roughness values below 2 nm. X-ray and electron diffraction patterns reveal that the films are nanocrystalline with a wurzite (w) structure of lattice parameters larger (∼2.5%) than those for w-AlN. The lattice expansion correlates with the Ti/Al ratio in stoichiometric films, which suggests the incorporation of Ti into w-AlN. The atomic environments around Ti, Al and N sites have been extracted from the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) by recording the Ti2p, Al1s and N1s edges, respectively. The analysis of the XANES spectral lineshape and comparison with reported theoretical calculations confirm the formation of a ternary hexagonal phase.

Metastable nanocrystalline carbides in chemically synthesized W-Co-C ternary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCandlish, L.E.; Kear, B.H.; Kim, B.K.; Wu, L.W.

1989-01-01

Nanophase materials can be prepared either by physical methods or chemical methods. Physical methods include thermal evaporation, sputtering and melt quenching, whereas chemical methods include glow-discharge decomposition, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel dehydration and gas-solid reaction. Recently, the authors have used controlled activity gas-solid reactions to prepare nanophase WC-Co cermet powders at different WC loadings. In the process they have discovered some new metastable phases in the W-Co-C ternary system at temperatures below 1000 degrees C

Characterization of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and refractory metals in binary and ternary silicon-based films using ion beam methods; Caracterisation des elements: carbone, azote, oxygene et metal refractaire dans des depots binaires et ternaires a base de silicium par methodes d'analyse utilisant les faisceaux d'ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Somatri-Bouamrane, R. [Lyon-1 Univ., 69 - Villeurbanne (France). Inst. de Physique Nucleaire]|[Universite Claude Bernard, 69 - Lyon (France)

1996-12-19

Ion beam methods (non Rutherford backscattering, nuclear reactions) have been carried out in order to characterize silicon-based films. The cross sections for the reactions {sup 12}C({alpha},{alpha}), {sup 14}N({alpha},{alpha}), {sup 16}O({alpha},{alpha}), {sup 28}Si({alpha},{alpha}) and {sup 14}N({alpha},p) have been measured within 2 and 7 MeV. CVD beta SiC films could be analyzed and the interface between silicon carbide and the (100) silicon substrate was studied. The epitaxial growth of the beta SiC film could be modelled by comparing the results obtained with ion beam analysis, infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Moreover, the stoichiometry of low pressure CVD Me-Si-N (Me=Re, W, Ti, Ta) ternary systems was studied. The evolution of the nitrogen content in W-Si-N systems allowed to study their stability with respect to the annealing conditions. (N.T.)

Copper diffusion in Ti-Si-N layers formed by inductively coupled plasma implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ee, Y.C.; Chen, Z.; Law, S.B.; Xu, S.; Yakovlev, N.L.; Lai, M.Y.

2006-01-01

Ternary Ti-Si-N refractory barrier films of 15 nm thick was prepared by low frequency, high density, inductively coupled plasma implantation of N into Ti x Si y substrate. This leads to the formation of Ti-N and Si-N compounds in the ternary film. Diffusion of copper in the barrier layer after annealing treatment at various temperatures was investigated using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) depth profiling, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and sheet resistance measurement. The current study found that barrier failure did not occur until 650 deg. C annealing for 30 min. The failure occurs by the diffusion of copper into the Ti-Si-N film to form Cu-Ti and Cu-N compounds. FESEM surface morphology and EDX show that copper compounds were formed on the ridge areas of the Ti-Si-N film. The sheet resistance verifies the diffusion of Cu into the Ti-Si-N film; there is a sudden drop in the resistance with Cu compound formation. This finding provides a simple and effective method of monitoring Cu diffusion in TiN-based diffusion barriers

Superconductivity in the ternary rare-earth (Y, La, and Lu) compounds RPd2Si2 and RRh2Si2

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Palstra, T.T.M.; Lu, G.; Menovsky, A.A.; Nieuwenhuys, G.J.; Kes, P.H.; Mydosh, J.A.

1986-01-01

We have investigated the superconducting and metallurgical properties of the ternary compounds RPd2Si2 and RRh2Si2 with R = Y, La, and Lu. All RPd2Si2 compounds and LaRh2Si2 were found to be type-I superconductors below 1 K. A detailed metallurgical analysis shows that segregation of second phases

Effect of ternary additions on the oxidation resistance of Ti5Si3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thom, A.J.; Akinc, M.; Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA

1995-01-01

Refractory intermetallic silicides are receiving increasing consideration for use as high temperature structural materials. Ti 5 Si 3 -based compositions are attractive due to their ability to incorporate a variety of interstitial ternary additions. These ternary additions present a unique opportunity to potentially tailor physical properties. Previous experimental work has shown that these additions significantly increase the otherwise poor oxidation resistance of undoped Ti 5 Si 3 above 700 C. Recent experimental work by the authors on the oxidation of small atom doped Ti 5 Si 3 is discussed. Interstitial additions of boron, carbon, and oxygen substantially improve the isothermal oxidation resistance of Ti 5 Si 3 at 1,000 C. In contrast, added nitrogen does not provide significant improvement. Even up to 1,306 C, interstitial oxygen imparts excellent oxidation resistance with a mass gain of 1.1 mg/cm 2 after 240 hours

Measurement and calculation of solid–liquid equilibrium for ternary systems of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene + 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene + ethanol/n-propanol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Rongrong; Han, Shuo; Du, Cunbin; Meng, Long; Wang, Jian; Zhao, Hongkun

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Solid–liquid-phase equilibrium for two ternary systems was determined. • Six ternary phase diagrams were constructed for the two ternary systems. • The ternary phase diagrams were calculated by NRTL model. - Abstract: The stable (solid + liquid) phase equilibrium in ternary systems of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene + 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene + ethanol and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene + 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene + n-propanol at three temperatures was determined by means of an isothermal solution saturation method under pressure p = 101.2 kPa. The isothermal phase diagrams of the two ternary systems were plotted on the basis of the experimental mutual solubility data. The equilibrium solids formed in the two systems were identified by Schreinemakers’ method of wet residues. It was found that each phase diagram included one co-saturated point, two co-saturated curves and three crystallization zones in the ternary systems of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene + 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene + ethanol and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene + 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene + n-propanol. Two pure solid phases were formed in the studied systems, which were pure 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene and pure 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene. The crystallization zone of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene was smaller than that of 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene at a given temperature, which showed that 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene could be easily separated from the solution. Furthermore, the solid–liquid phase diagrams were calculated by using NRTL model. The calculated phase diagrams agreed well with the experimental ones. Knowledge of (solid + liquid) phase equilibrium and ternary phase diagrams would be very valuable to design and optimize the solvent crystallization process of 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene and other crystallization processes involving the two ternary systems.

The Establishment, Plotting and Statistic– Mathematical Interpretation of the Liquidus Surface from the Phase Equilibrium Diagram of the Ternary System Al-Cu-Si

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florentina A. Cziple

2006-10-01

Full Text Available The paper forwards the conclusions of a survey performed on a mathematical model of the phase equilibrium from the ternary system Al-Cu-Si. The author presents the calculus of the statistic equation of the liquidus surface model from this diagram, the plotting and statistical-mathematical interpretation of the results obtained.

Ternary particles with extreme N/Z ratios from neutron-induced fission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koster, U.; Faust, H.; Friedrichs, T.; Oberstedt, S.; Fioni, G.; Grob, M.; Ahmad, I. J.; Devlin, M.; Heinz, A.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Sarantites, D. G.; Siem, S.; Sobotka, L. G.; Sonzogni, A.

2000-01-01

The existing ternary fission models can well reproduce the yields of the most abundant light charged particles. However, these models tend to significantly overestimate the yields of ternary particles with an extreme N/Z ratio: 3 He, 11 Li, 14 Be, etc. The experimental yields of these isotopes were investigated with the recoil separator LOHENGRIN down to a level of 10 -10 per fission. Results from the fissioning systems 233 U (n th , f), 235 U(n th ,f), 239 Pu(n th ,f) 241 Pu(n th ,f) and 245 Cm(n th ,f) are presented and the implications for the ternary fission models are discussed

Properties of ternary NiFeW alloy coating by jet electrodeposition

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In this paper, ternary NiFeW alloy coatings were prepared by jet electrodeposition, and the effects of lord salt concentration, jet speed, current density and temperature on the properties of the coatings, including the composition, microhardness, surface morphology, structure and corrosion resistance, were investigated.

Gold-coated iron nanoparticles in transparent Si3N4 matrix thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez-Marcos, J.; Céspedes, E.; Jiménez-Villacorta, F.; Muñoz-Martín, A.; Prieto, C.

2013-06-01

A new method to prepare thin films containing gold-coated iron nanoparticles is presented. The ternary Fe-Au-Si3N4 system prepared by sequential sputtering has revealed a progressive variation of microstructures from Au/Fe/Au/Si3N4 multilayers to iron nanoparticles. Microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy, analysis of the magnetic properties and probing of the iron short-range order by X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirm the existence of a gold-coated iron nanoparticles of 1-2 nm typical size for a specific range of iron and gold contents per layer in the transparent silicon nitride ceramic matrix.

Eutectics Me5Si3-MeSi2 in a triple system Mo-W-Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gnesin, B.A.; Gurjiyants, P.A.; Borisenko, E.B.

2001-01-01

Refractory metals silicides high-melting point eutectics are of great interest for different high temperature applications: production of composite materials with silicon carbide skeleton, antioxidant protective coatings on carbon materials, brazing of carbon, silicon carbide and refractory metals alloys materials. Phase diagrams Mo-Si and W-Si are compared: diagrams are similar but not in all significant details. Number of possible crystal structures for molybdenum silicides is at least twice more, than for tungsten and this difference is manifested distinctly for composite samples with different W-Mo ratio air high-temperature tests. In tests of new silicon carbide-refractory metal silicides composites materials (REFSIC) with 10-20 seconds heating time up to 1700 o C and 20-40 seconds time of cooling silicides with molybdenum prevalence were not so steady as tungsten based silicides. Experimental data concerning eutectic temperature dependence on W-Mo ratio, X-ray diffraction data, scanning electron and optical microscopy structure investigations results and some properties are discussed. (author)

Preparation and mass spectrometrical high temperature investigations on compounds of the quasi-ternary system Cs2O-Al2O3-SiO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Odoj, R.; Hilpert, K.; Nuernberg, H.W.

1977-09-01

Additions of aluminium oxide and silicen oxide to ceramic fuel for pyrocarbon-coated nuclear fuel paticles counteract a release of fission-cesium by compound formation. The vapourization tests carried out here using samples from the quasi-ternary system cesium-oxide-aluminium-oxide-silicon-oxide by means of high-temperature mass spectroscopy using a Knudsen cell served the optimization of this retention effect. The aim of the apparative changes on the knudsen cell were to shield heat radiation on the temperature measuring borehole through the tungsten wire cathode in order to be able to perform exact temperature measurements even below 1,000 0 C. A new method of preparation was developed to obtain defined cesium aluminium silicates whose composition was determined by Guinier and goniometer pictures as well as by microscopic investigations. According to the latter, 3 ternary compounds are present in the system investigated: CsAlSiO 4 , CsAlSi 2 O 6 and CsAlSi 5 O 12 . Their lattice constants were determined from goniometric measurements; the vapour pressure equection were set up from the measured cesium vapour pressure values over each sample and the enthalpies of the vapourization reactions were found to be 84 kcal for CsAlSiO 4 at 1,400 0 K, 100 kcal for CsAlSi 2 O 6 at 1,550 0 K and 122 kcal for CsAlSi 5 O 12 at 1,650 0 K. The cesium vapour pressures of the glas phases investigated of the system are above the Cs partial pressures of the solid crystalline phases of the same composition. The results of the work explain the causes of the reduction of the Cs release and show that the vapour pressure can be lowered by more than 10 orders of magnitude at reactor relevant temperatures by compound formation. (RB) [de

Ternary particles with extreme N/Z ratios from neutron-induced fission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koster, U.; Faust, H.; Friedrichs, T.; Oberstedt, S.; Fioni, G.; Grob, M.; Ahmad, I. J.; Devlin, M.; Heinz, A.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Sarantites, D. G.; Siem, S.; Sobotka, L. G.; Sonzogni, A.

2000-05-16

The existing ternary fission models can well reproduce the yields of the most abundant light charged particles. However, these models tend to significantly overestimate the yields of ternary particles with an extreme N/Z ratio: {sup 3}He, {sup 11}Li, {sup 14}Be, etc. The experimental yields of these isotopes were investigated with the recoil separator LOHENGRIN down to a level of 10{sup {minus}10} per fission. Results from the fissioning systems {sup 233}U (n{sub th}, f), {sup 235}U(n{sub th},f), {sup 239}Pu(n{sub th},f) {sup 241}Pu(n{sub th},f) and {sup 245}Cm(n{sub th},f) are presented and the implications for the ternary fission models are discussed.

Ab-initio electronic structure calculations and properties of [Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}]{sub 3}N{sub 4} ternary nitrides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pavloudis, Th. [Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki (Greece); Zervos, M. [Nanostructured Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, PO Box 20537, Nicosia 1678 (Cyprus); Komninou, Ph. [Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki (Greece); Kioseoglou, J., E-mail: sifisl@auth.gr [Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki (Greece)

2016-08-31

We carry out ab initio electronic structure calculations of (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4} using density functional theory with projector augmented-wave potentials under the generalized gradient approximation. We find that the energetically favorable structure of Sn{sub 3}N{sub 4} is the face-centered cubic spinel structure, followed by the hexagonal structure which has energy band gaps of 1.85 eV and 1.44 eV respectively. The (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4} ternary compound can exhibit both cubic and hexagonal crystal structures over the full range of x. However, the cubic structure is found to be energetically favorable for x < 0.3 above which the hexagonal structure of (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4} dominates. The energy band gap can be tuned continuously from 1.44 eV up to 5.8 eV in the case of the hexagonal crystal structure of (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4} and from 1.85 eV to 4.82 eV in the case of cubic (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4}. Nevertheless the energy gap of (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4} is direct only for x < 0.3 when it is cubic and for x < 0.5 when hexagonal. - Highlights: • (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4} exhibits both cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. • The cubic structure is favorable for x < 0.3 and the hexagonal structure for x > 0.3. • The bandgap of hexagonal (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4} may be tuned from 1.44 eV up to 5.8 eV. • The bandgap may be tuned from 1.85 eV to 4.82 eV for the cubic (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4}. • Bandgaps are direct for x < 0.3 (cubic) and for x < 0.5 3 (hexagonal (Si{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}){sub 3}N{sub 4}).

Binary and ternary systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petrov, D.A.

1986-01-01

Conditions for thermodynamical equilibrium in binary and ternary systems are considered. Main types of binary and ternary system phase diagrams are sequently constructed on the basis of general regularities on the character of transition from one equilibria to others. New statements on equilibrium line direction in the diagram triple points and their isothermal cross sections are developed. New represenations on equilibria in case of monovariant curve minimum and maximum on three-phase equilibrium formation in ternary system are introduced

A simple method for determining the lattice parameter and chemical composition in ternary bcc-Fe rich nanocrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moya, Javier A.; Gamarra Caramella, Soledad; Marta, Leonardo J.; Berejnoi, Carlos

2015-01-01

Highlights: • A method for determining composition in ternary nanocrystals is presented. • X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy data were employed. • We perform theoretical charts for lattice parameter of Fe-rich ternary alloys. • A linear relationship in lattice parameter for binary alloys is evaluated. • A parabolic relationship is proposed for the Fe–Co–Si alloy. - Abstract: Charts containing lattice parameters of Fe 1−x (M,N) x ternary systems with M and N = Si, Al, Ge or Co, and 0 ⩽ x ⩽ ∼0.3, were developed by implementing a linear relationship between the respective binary alloys with the same solute content of the ternary one. Charts were validated with experimental data obtained from literature. For the Fe–Co–Si system, the linear relationship does not fit the experimental data. For the other systems (except the Fe–Co–Ge one where no experimental data was found), the lineal relationship constitute a very good approximation. Using these charts and the lattice parameter data obtained from X-ray diffraction technique combining with the solute content data obtained from Mössbauer spectroscopy technique it is possible to determine the chemical composition of nanograins in soft magnetic nanocomposite materials and some examples are provided

A simple method for determining the lattice parameter and chemical composition in ternary bcc-Fe rich nanocrystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moya, Javier A., E-mail: jmoya.fi.uba@gmail.com [Grupo Interdisciplinario en Materiales-IESIING, Universidad Católica de Salta, INTECIN UBA-CONICET, Salta (Argentina); Gamarra Caramella, Soledad; Marta, Leonardo J. [Grupo Interdisciplinario en Materiales-IESIING, Universidad Católica de Salta, INTECIN UBA-CONICET, Salta (Argentina); Berejnoi, Carlos [Universidad Nacional de Salta, Facultad de Ingeniería, Salta (Argentina)

2015-05-15

Highlights: • A method for determining composition in ternary nanocrystals is presented. • X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy data were employed. • We perform theoretical charts for lattice parameter of Fe-rich ternary alloys. • A linear relationship in lattice parameter for binary alloys is evaluated. • A parabolic relationship is proposed for the Fe–Co–Si alloy. - Abstract: Charts containing lattice parameters of Fe{sub 1−x}(M,N){sub x} ternary systems with M and N = Si, Al, Ge or Co, and 0 ⩽ x ⩽ ∼0.3, were developed by implementing a linear relationship between the respective binary alloys with the same solute content of the ternary one. Charts were validated with experimental data obtained from literature. For the Fe–Co–Si system, the linear relationship does not fit the experimental data. For the other systems (except the Fe–Co–Ge one where no experimental data was found), the lineal relationship constitute a very good approximation. Using these charts and the lattice parameter data obtained from X-ray diffraction technique combining with the solute content data obtained from Mössbauer spectroscopy technique it is possible to determine the chemical composition of nanograins in soft magnetic nanocomposite materials and some examples are provided.

Structure of Ni-rich Ni--Cr--B--Si coating alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knotek, O.; Lugscheider, E.; Reimann, H.

1975-01-01

The structures of quaternary, nickel-rich Ni--Cr--B--Si alloys were analyzed at a constant boron content of 10 at. percent and a temperature of 850 0 C. The composition range for silicide formation was determined. In these quaternary alloys, known binary nickel silicides, nickel and chromium borides, and the ternary silico-boride Ni 6 Si 2 B were confirmed. A new composition for the W 5 Si 3 -type phase in the Ni--B--Si system was proposed. (U.S.)

Bioactivity of gel-glass powders in the CaO-SiO2 system: a comparison with ternary (CaO-P2O5-SiO2) and quaternary glasses (SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Na2O).

Science.gov (United States)

Saravanapavan, Priya; Jones, Julian R; Pryce, Russell S; Hench, Larry L

2003-07-01

Bioactive glasses react chemically with body fluids in a manner that is compatible with the repair processes of the tissues. This results in the formation of an interfacial bond between the glasses and living tissue. Bioactive glasses also stimulate bone-cell proliferation. This behavior is dependent on the chemical composition as well as the surface texture of the glasses. It has been recently reported that gel-derived monolith specimens in the binary SiO2 - CaO are bioactive over a similar molar range of SiO2 content as the previously studied ternary CaO-P2O5-SiO2 system. In this report, the preparation and bioactivity of the binary gel-glass powder with 70 mol % SiO2 is discussed and its bioactivity is compared with the melt-derived 45S5 (quaternary) Bioglass and sol-gel-derived 58S (ternary) bioactive gel-glass compositions. Dissolution kinetic parameters K(1) and K(2) were also computed based on the silicon release for all glass powders. It was shown that the simple two-component SiO2-CaO gel-glass powder is bioactive with comparable dissolution rates as the clinically used melt-derived 45S5 Bioglass powder and extensively studied sol-gel-derived 58S gel-glass powder. Copyright 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Equiaxed and columnar dendrite growth simulation in Al-7Si- Mg ternary alloys using cellular automaton method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Rui; Xu, Qingyan; Liu, Baicheng

2015-01-01

In this paper, a modified cellular automaton (MCA) model allowing for the prediction of dendrite growth of Al-Si-Mg ternary alloys in two and three dimensions is presented. The growth kinetic of S/L interface is calculated based on the solute equilibrium approach. In order to describe the dendrite growth with arbitrarily crystallographic orientations, this model introduces a modified decentered octahedron algorithm for neighborhood tracking to eliminate the effect of mesh dependency on dendrite growth. The thermody namic and kinetic data needed for dendrite growth is obtained through coupling with Pandat software package in combination with thermodynamic/kinetic/equilibrium phase diagram calculation databases. The effect of interactions between various alloying elements on solute diffusion coefficient is considered in the model. This model has first been used to simulate Al-7Si (weight percent) binary dendrite growth followed by a validation using theoretical predictions. For ternary alloy, Al-7Si-0.5Mg dendrite simulation has been carried out and the effects of solute interactions on diffusion matrix as well as the differences of Si and Mg in solute distribution have been analyzed. For actual application, this model has been applied to simulate the equiaxed dendrite growth with various crystallographic orientations of Al-7Si-0.36Mg ternary alloy, and the predicted secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) shows a reasonable agreement with the experimental ones. Furthermore, the columnar dendrite growth in directional solidification has also been simulated and the predicted primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) is in good agreement with experiments. The simulated results effectively demonstrate the abilities of the model in prediction of dendritic microstructure of Al-Si-Mg ternary alloy. (paper)

Equiaxed and columnar dendrite growth simulation in Al-7Si- Mg ternary alloys using cellular automaton method

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Rui; Xu, Qingyan; Liu, Baicheng

2015-06-01

In this paper, a modified cellular automaton (MCA) model allowing for the prediction of dendrite growth of Al-Si-Mg ternary alloys in two and three dimensions is presented. The growth kinetic of S/L interface is calculated based on the solute equilibrium approach. In order to describe the dendrite growth with arbitrarily crystallographic orientations, this model introduces a modified decentered octahedron algorithm for neighborhood tracking to eliminate the effect of mesh dependency on dendrite growth. The thermody namic and kinetic data needed for dendrite growth is obtained through coupling with Pandat software package in combination with thermodynamic/kinetic/equilibrium phase diagram calculation databases. The effect of interactions between various alloying elements on solute diffusion coefficient is considered in the model. This model has first been used to simulate Al-7Si (weight percent) binary dendrite growth followed by a validation using theoretical predictions. For ternary alloy, Al-7Si-0.5Mg dendrite simulation has been carried out and the effects of solute interactions on diffusion matrix as well as the differences of Si and Mg in solute distribution have been analyzed. For actual application, this model has been applied to simulate the equiaxed dendrite growth with various crystallographic orientations of Al-7Si-0.36Mg ternary alloy, and the predicted secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) shows a reasonable agreement with the experimental ones. Furthermore, the columnar dendrite growth in directional solidification has also been simulated and the predicted primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) is in good agreement with experiments. The simulated results effectively demonstrate the abilities of the model in prediction of dendritic microstructure of Al-Si-Mg ternary alloy.

Superconducting state in (W, Ta)5SiB2

Science.gov (United States)

Fukuma, M.; Kawashima, K.; Akimitsu, J.

We characterize the superconducting state in a boro-silicide (W, Ta)5SiB2, with Tc of 6.5 K by means of magnetization, electrical resistivity, and specific heat measurements. As x increased, the transition temperature Tc abruptly enhances from 5.8 to 6.5 K. The magnetization versus magnetic field (M-H) curve indicated that (W, Ta)5SiB2 was a conventional type-II superconductor. The estimated lower critical field Hc1(0) and upper critical field Hc2(T) are about 121 Oe and 14.7 kOe, respectively. The penetration depth λ(0) and coherence length ξ(0) are calculated to be approximately 369 and 14.9 nm, respectively, using Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equations. Specific heat data shows the superconductivity in W4.5Ta0.5SiB2 belongs to a week-coupling BCS superconductor. Finally, we discuss the increasing of Tc in of (W, Ta)5SiB2 system.

Investigations of the ternary system beryllium-carbon-tungsten and analyses of beryllium on carbon surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kost, Florian

2009-01-01

Beryllium, carbon and tungsten are planned to be used as first wall materials in the future fusion reactor ITER. The aim of this work is a characterization of mixed material formation induced by thermal load. To this end, model systems (layers) were prepared and investigated, which give insight into the basic physical and chemical concepts. Before investigating ternary systems, the first step was to analyze the binary systems Be/C and Be/W (bottom-up approach), where the differences between the substrates PG (pyrolytic graphite) and HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) were of special interest. Particularly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy ion scattering (ISS) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) were used as analysis methods. Beryllium evaporated on carbon shows an island growth mode, whereas a closed layer can be assumed for layer thicknesses above 0.7 nm. Annealing of the Be/C system induces Be 2 C island formation for T≥770 K. At high temperatures (T≥1170 K), beryllium carbide dissociates, resulting in (metallic) beryllium desorption. For HOPG, carbide formation starts at higher temperatures compared to PG. Activation energies for the diffusion processes were determined by analyzing the decreasing beryllium amount versus annealing time. Surface morphologies were characterized using angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experiments were performed to study processes in the Be/W system in the temperature range from 570 to 1270 K. Be 2 W formation starts at 670 K, a complete loss of Be 2 W is observed at 1170 K due to dissociation (and subsequent beryllium desorption). Regarding ternary systems, particularly Be/C/W and C/Be/W were investigated, attaching importance to layer thickness (reservoir) variations. At room temperature, Be 2 C, W 2 C, WC and Be 2 W formation at the respective interfaces was observed. Further Be 2 C is forming with increasing annealing temperatures. Depending on the layer

Thermodynamic calculation of the Fe-Zn-Si system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Su Xuping [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan (China)]. E-mail: sxping@xtu.edu.cn; Yin Fucheng [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan (China); Li Zhi [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan (China); Tang, N.-Y. [Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Product Technology Centre, Mississauga, Ont., L5K 1B4 (Canada); Zhao Manxiu [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan (China)

2005-06-21

Silicon in steel significantly affects alloy growth kinetics in the coating in general galvanizing, thereby changing the coating microstructure from the usual stratified Fe-Zn alloy layers to a mass of {zeta} crystallites surrounding by liquid zinc. The Zn-Fe-Si phase diagram and the relevant thermodynamic information have great importance for the galvanizing industry in developing remedies for this problem. In this work, the available information on the Fe-Zn-Si system, including all three binary systems was reviewed and re-evaluated, and ternary parameters were extracted from the available experimental data. By assuming all the binary intermetallic phases with the exception of the {delta}, {gamma}{sub 1}, and {gamma} phases, have no ternary solubility, a thermodynamic calculation of the Fe-Zn-Si system was carried out, and relevant isothermal and isopleths sections were calculated. Its applicability in galvanizing industry was discussed. There is a good agreement between the calculated and the experimentally determined phase boundaries.

Reaction phases and diffusion paths in SiC/metal systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naka, M.; Fukai, T. [Osaka Univ., Osaka (Japan); Schuster, J.C. [Vienna Univ., Vienna (Austria)

2004-07-01

The interface structures between SiC and metal are reviewed at SiC/metal systems. Metal groups are divided to carbide forming metals and non-carbide forming metals. Carbide forming metals form metal carbide granular or zone at metal side, and metal silicide zone at SiC side. The further diffusion of Si and C from SiC causes the formation of T ternary phase depending metal. Non-carbide forming metals form silicide zone containing graphite or the layered structure of metal silicide and metal silicide containing graphite. The diffusion path between SiC and metal are formed along tie-lines connecting SiC and metal on the corresponding ternary Si-C-M system. The reactivity of metals is dominated by the forming ability of carbide or silicide. Te reactivity tendency of elements are discussed on the periodical table of elements, and Ti among elements shows the highest reactivity among carbide forming metals. For non-carbide forming metals the reactivity sequence of metals is Fe>Ni>Co. (orig.)

E centers in ternary Si1−x−yGexSny random alloys

KAUST Repository

Chroneos, Alexander; Bracht, H.; Grimes, R. W.; Jiang, C.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2009-01-01

Density functional theory calculations are used to study the association of arsenic (As) atoms to lattice vacancies and the formation of As-vacancy pairs, known as E centers, in the random Si0.375Ge0.5Sn0.125 alloy. The local environments are described by 32-atom special quasirandom structures that represent random Si1−x−yGexSny alloys. It is predicted that the nearest-neighbor environment will exert a strong influence on the stability of E centers in ternary Si0.375Ge0.5Sn0.125.

E centers in ternary Si1−x−yGexSny random alloys

KAUST Repository

Chroneos, Alexander

2009-09-14

Density functional theory calculations are used to study the association of arsenic (As) atoms to lattice vacancies and the formation of As-vacancy pairs, known as E centers, in the random Si0.375Ge0.5Sn0.125 alloy. The local environments are described by 32-atom special quasirandom structures that represent random Si1−x−yGexSny alloys. It is predicted that the nearest-neighbor environment will exert a strong influence on the stability of E centers in ternary Si0.375Ge0.5Sn0.125.

New investigation of phase equilibria in the system Al-Cu-Si.

Science.gov (United States)

Ponweiser, Norbert; Richter, Klaus W

2012-01-25

The phase equilibria and invariant reactions in the system Al-Cu-Si were investigated by a combination of optical microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). Isothermal phase equilibria were investigated within two isothermal sections. The isothermal section at 500 °C covers the whole ternary composition range and largely confirms the findings of previous phase diagram investigations. The isothermal section at 700 °C describes phase equilibria only in the complex Cu-rich part of the phase diagram. A new ternary compound τ was found in the region between (Al,Cu)-γ(1) and (Cu,Si)-γ and its solubility range was determined. The solubility of Al in κ-CuSi was found to be extremely high at 700 °C. In contrast, no ternary solubility in the β-phase of Cu-Al was found, although this phase is supposed to form a complete solid solution according to previous phase diagram assessments. Two isopleths, at 10 and 40 at.% Si, were investigated by means of DTA and a partial ternary reaction scheme (Scheil diagram) was constructed, based on the current work and the latest findings in the binary systems Al-Cu and Cu-Si. The current study shows that the high temperature equilibria in the Cu-rich corner are still poorly understood and additional studies in this area would be favorable.

Blue-emitting LaSi3N5:Ce3+ fine powder phosphor for UV-converting white light-emitting diodes

Science.gov (United States)

Suehiro, Takayuki; Hirosaki, Naoto; Xie, Rong-Jun; Sato, Tsugio

2009-08-01

We have synthesized the pure ternary nitride phosphor, LaSi3N5:Ce3+ from the multicomponent oxide system La2O3-CeO2-SiO2, by using the gas-reduction-nitridation method. Highly pure, single-phase LaSi3N5:Ce3+ powders possessing particle sizes of ˜0.4-0.6 μm were obtained with the processing temperature ≤1500 °C. The synthesized LaSi3N5:Ce3+ exhibits tunable blue broadband emission with the dominant wavelength of 464-475 nm and the external quantum efficiency of ˜34%-67% under excitation of 355-380 nm. A high thermal stability of LaSi3N5:Ce3+ compared to the existing La-Si-O-N hosts was demonstrated, indicating the promising applicability as a blue-emitting phosphor for UV-converting white light-emitting diodes.

Performance Improvement of Microcrystalline p-SiC/i-Si/n-Si Thin Film Solar Cells by Using Laser-Assisted Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hsin-Ying Lee

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The microcrystalline p-SiC/i-Si/n-Si thin film solar cells treated with hydrogen plasma were fabricated at low temperature using a CO2 laser-assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LAPECVD system. According to the micro-Raman results, the i-Si films shifted from 482 cm−1 to 512 cm−1 as the assisting laser power increased from 0 W to 80 W, which indicated a gradual transformation from amorphous to crystalline Si. From X-ray diffraction (XRD results, the microcrystalline i-Si films with (111, (220, and (311 diffraction were obtained. Compared with the Si-based thin film solar cells deposited without laser assistance, the short-circuit current density and the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells with assisting laser power of 80 W were improved from 14.38 mA/cm2 to 18.16 mA/cm2 and from 6.89% to 8.58%, respectively.

Design analysis of phosphor-free monolithic white light-emitting-diodes with InGaN/ InGaN multiple quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu Kee Ooi

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Phosphor-free monolithic white light emitting diodes (LEDs based on InGaN/ InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs on ternary InGaN substrates are proposed and analyzed in this study. Simulation studies show that LED devices composed of multi-color-emitting InGaN/ InGaN quantum wells (QWs employing ternary InGaN substrate with engineered active region exhibit stable white color illumination with large output power (∼ 170 mW and high external quantum efficiency (EQE (∼ 50%. The chromaticity coordinate for the investigated monolithic white LED devices are located at (0.30, 0.28 with correlated color temperature (CCT of ∼ 8200 K at J = 50 A/cm2. A reference LED device without any nanostructure engineering exhibits green color emission shows that proper engineered structure is essential to achieve white color illumination. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that high-efficiency and cost-effective phosphor-free monolithic white LED is feasible by the use of InGaN/ InGaN MQWs on ternary InGaN substrate combined with nanostructure engineering, which would be of great impact for solid state lighting.

Design analysis of phosphor-free monolithic white light-emitting-diodes with InGaN/ InGaN multiple quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ooi, Yu Kee, E-mail: Yu.Kee.Ooi@rit.edu; Zhang, Jing, E-mail: Jing.Zhang@rit.edu [Department of Electrical and Microelectronics Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623 (United States)

2015-05-15

Phosphor-free monolithic white light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on InGaN/ InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on ternary InGaN substrates are proposed and analyzed in this study. Simulation studies show that LED devices composed of multi-color-emitting InGaN/ InGaN quantum wells (QWs) employing ternary InGaN substrate with engineered active region exhibit stable white color illumination with large output power (∼ 170 mW) and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) (∼ 50%). The chromaticity coordinate for the investigated monolithic white LED devices are located at (0.30, 0.28) with correlated color temperature (CCT) of ∼ 8200 K at J = 50 A/cm{sup 2}. A reference LED device without any nanostructure engineering exhibits green color emission shows that proper engineered structure is essential to achieve white color illumination. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that high-efficiency and cost-effective phosphor-free monolithic white LED is feasible by the use of InGaN/ InGaN MQWs on ternary InGaN substrate combined with nanostructure engineering, which would be of great impact for solid state lighting.

Cluster-based bulk metallic glass formation in Fe-Si-B-Nb alloy systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu, C L; Wang, Q; Li, F W; Li, Y H; Wang, Y M; Dong, C [State Key Laboratory of Materials Modification, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024 (China); Zhang, W; Inoue, A, E-mail: dong@dlut.edu.c [Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan)

2009-01-01

Bulk metallic glass formations have been explored in Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy system using the so-called atomic cluster line approach in combination with minor alloying guideline. The atomic cluster line refers to a straight line linking binary cluster to the third element in a ternary system. The basic ternary compositions in Fe-B-Si system are determined by the inetersection points of two cluster lines, namely Fe-B cluster to Si and Fe-Si cluster to B, and then further alloyed with 3-5 at. % Nb for enhancing glass forming abilities. BMG rods with a diameter of 3 mm are formed under the case of minor Nb alloying the basic intersecting compositions of Fe{sub 8}B{sub 3}-Si with Fe{sub 12}Si-B and Fe{sub 8}B{sub 2}-Si with Fe{sub 9}Si-B. The BMGs also exhibit high Vickers hardness (H{sub v}) of 1130-1164 and high Young's modulous (E) of 170-180 GPa

Gold-coated iron nanoparticles in transparent Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} matrix thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez-Marcos, J. [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (Spain); Cespedes, E. [Keele University, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre (United Kingdom); Jimenez-Villacorta, F. [Northeastern University, Department of Chemical Engineering (United States); Munoz-Martin, A. [Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Centro de Microanalisis de Materiales (Spain); Prieto, C., E-mail: cprieto@icmm.csic.es [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (Spain)

2013-06-15

A new method to prepare thin films containing gold-coated iron nanoparticles is presented. The ternary Fe-Au-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} system prepared by sequential sputtering has revealed a progressive variation of microstructures from Au/Fe/Au/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} multilayers to iron nanoparticles. Microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy, analysis of the magnetic properties and probing of the iron short-range order by X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirm the existence of a gold-coated iron nanoparticles of 1-2 nm typical size for a specific range of iron and gold contents per layer in the transparent silicon nitride ceramic matrix.

Structure of the novel ternary hydrides Li4Tt2D (Tt=Si and Ge)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Hui; Rush, J.J.; Maryland Univ., College Park, MD; Hartman, M.R.; Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR; Udovic, T.J.; Zhou Wei; Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA; Bowman, R.C. Jr.; Vajo, J.J.

2007-01-01

The crystal structures of newly discovered Li 4 Ge 2 D and Li 4 Si 2 D ternary phases were solved by direct methods using neutron powder diffraction data. Both structures can be described using a Cmmm orthorhombic cell with all hydrogen atoms occupying Li 6 -octahedral interstices. The overall crystal structure and the geometry of these interstices are compared with those of other related phases, and the stabilization of this novel class of ternary hydrides is discussed. (orig.)

Superconductivity in ternary rare earth transition metal silicides and germanides with the Sc5Co4Si10-type structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berg, L.S.

1986-01-01

A systematic study of the superconducting and normal state properties of some ternary rare earth transition metal silicides and germanides of the Sc 5 Co 4 Si 10 0-type is reported. Low temperature heat capacity measurements indicate the presence of a complicated phonon density of states in these structurally complex compounds. A better description of the phonon spectrum of the high T/sub c/ materials Sc 5 Rh 4 Si 10 , Sc 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , and Y 5 Os 4 Ge 10 , given by a model proposed by Junod et al., is presented and discussed. The large values of ΔC/γ/sub n/T/sub c/ and the electron-phonon coupling constant for these high T/sub c/ compounds indicate that they are strong-coupled superconductors. Relative to other ternary superconductors, many of these materials have large Debye temperatures. DC electrical resistivity measurements on these compounds show resistivity behavior deviating from those exhibited by simple metals. The rho(T) data for Y 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , Lu 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , and Y 5 Os 4 Ge 10 , indicate the presence of anomalies. Static molar magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on these compounds indicate (1) a small effective magnetic moment of 0.26μ/sub B/ on the Co atom and (2) anomalous behaviors in the Lu 5 Rh 4 Si 10 , Lu 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , Y 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , Lu 5 Ir 4 Ge 10 , and Y 5 Rh 4 Ge 10 data. Lastly, upper critical magnetic field measurements were performed on Sc 5 Co 4 Si 10 , Sc 5 Rh 4 Si 10 , Sc 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , Lu 5 Rh 4 Si 10 , Lu 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , and Y 5 Os 4 Ge 10

Ternary particle yields in 249Cf(nth,f)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsekhanovich, I.; Bueyuekmumcu, Z.; Davi, M.; Denschlag, H.O.; Goennenwein, F.; Boulyga, S.F.

2003-01-01

An experiment measuring ternary particle yields in 249 Cf(n th ,f) was carried out at the high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin using the Lohengrin recoil mass separator. Parameters of energy distributions were determined for 27 ternary particles up to 30 Mg and their yields were calculated. The yields of 17 further ternary particles were estimated on the basis of the systematics developed. The heaviest particles observed in the experiment are 37 Si and 37 S; their possible origin is discussed

Effective Passivation and Tunneling Hybrid a-SiOx(In) Layer in ITO/n-Si Heterojunction Photovoltaic Device.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Ming; Wan, Yazhou; Li, Yong; Han, Baichao; Song, Wenlei; Xu, Fei; Zhao, Lei; Ma, Zhongquan

2017-05-24

In this article, using controllable magnetron sputtering of indium tin oxide (ITO) materials on single crystal silicon at 100 °C, the optoelectronic heterojunction frame of ITO/a-SiO x (In)/n-Si is simply fabricated for the purpose of realizing passivation contact and hole tunneling. It is found that the gradation profile of indium (In) element together with silicon oxide (SiO x /In) within the ultrathin boundary zone between ITO and n-Si occurs and is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with the ion milling technique. The atomistic morphology and physical phase of the interfacial layer has been observed with a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. X-ray diffraction, Hall effect measurement, and optical transmittance with Tauc plot have been applied to the microstructure and property analyses of ITO thin films, respectively. The polycrystalline and amorphous phases have been verified for ITO films and SiO x (In) hybrid layer, respectively. For the quantum transport, both direct and defect-assisted tunneling of photogenerated holes through the a-SiO x (In) layer is confirmed. Besides, there is a gap state correlative to the indium composition and located at E v + 4.60 eV in the ternary hybrid a-SiO x (In) layer that is predicted by density functional theory of first-principles calculation, which acts as an "extended delocalized state" for direct tunneling of the photogenerated holes. The reasonable built-in potential (V bi = 0.66 V) and optimally controlled ternary hybrid a-SiO x (In) layer (about 1.4 nm) result in that the device exhibits excellent PV performance, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.540 V, a short-circuit current density of 30.5 mA/cm 2 , a high fill factor of 74.2%, and a conversion efficiency of 12.2%, under the AM 1.5 illumination. The work function difference between ITO (5.06 eV) and n-Si (4.31 eV) is determined by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and ascribed to the essence of the built-in-field of the PV device

Description of the ternary system Cu-Ge-Te

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dogguy, M.; Carcaly, C.; Rivet, J.; Flahaut, J.

1977-01-01

The Cu-Ge-Te ternary system has been studied by DTA and by crystallographic and metallographic analysis. The existence of a ternary compound Cu 2 GeTe 3 is demonstrated; this compound has a ternary incongruent melting point at 500 0 C. This ternary compound has a superstructure of a zinc blende type. The study shows the existence of five ternary eutectics. Two liquid-liquid miscibility gaps exist: the first is situated entirely in the ternary system; the second gives a monotectic region within the ternary system. (Auth.)

Electronic structure and bonding in the ternary silicide YNiSi3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sung, Gi Hong; Kang, Dae Bok

2003-01-01

An analysis of the electronic structure and bonding in the ternary silicide YNiSi 3 is made, using extended Hueckel tight-binding calculations. The YNiSi 3 structure consists of Ni-capped Si 2 dimer layers and Si zigzag chains. Significant bonding interactions are present between the silicon atoms in the structure. The oxidation state formalism of (Y 3+ )(Ni 0 )(Si 3 ) 3- for YNiSi 3 constitutes a good starting point to describe its electronic structure. Si atoms receive electrons form the most electropositive Y in YNiSi 3 , and Ni 3d and Si 3p states dominate below the Fermi level. There is an interesting electron balance between the two Si and Ni sublattices. Since the π orbitals in the Si chain and the Ni d and s block levels are almost completely occupied, the charge balance for YNiSi 3 can be rewritten as (Y 3+ )(Ni 2- )(Si 2- )(Si-Si) + , making the Si 2 layers oxidized. These results suggest that the Si zigzag chain contains single bonds and the Si 2 double layer possesses single bonds within a dimer with a partial double bond character. Stronger Si-Si and Ni-Si bonding interactions are important for giving stability to the structure, while essentially no metal-metal bonding exists at all. The 2D metallic behavior of this compound is due to the Si-Si interaction leading to dispersion of the several Si 2 π bands crossing the Fermi level in the plane perpendicular to the crystallographic b axis

Synthesis and properties of Ag/ZnO/g-C3N4 ternary micro/nano composites by microwave-assisted method

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zijie; Li, Xuexue; Chen, Haitao; Shao, Gang; Zhang, Rui; Lu, Hongxia

2018-01-01

Ag/ZnO/g-C3N4 ternary micro/nanocomposites, as novel visible-light-driven photocatalysts, were prepared by a simple and convenient microwave-assisted method. The resulting ternary structure micro/nano composites were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and infrared radiation techniques to examine its phase structure, valence state, morphological, thermal and optical properties. Well crystallized Ag/ZnO/g-C3N4 ternary micro/nano composites were synthesized under microwave-radiation for 15 min with the output of 240 W. Further experiments indicated Ag(5.0mol%)/ZnO/g-C3N4 photocatalyst in degradation of methylene blue exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic activity and its reaction rate constant (k, 0.0084 min-1) is 7.5, 2.4 2.9 and 3.5 times higher than that of monolithic ZnO (k, 0.0011 min-1), ZnO/g-C3N4(k, 0.0035 min-1), Ag(5 mol%)/ZnO(k, 0.0029 min-1) and Ag(5mol%)/g-C3N4 (k, 0.0024 min-1) respectively. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of Ag/ZnO/g-C3N4 photocatalyst in degradation process was proposed. This work provides a feasible strategy to synthesize an efficient ZnO-based photocatalyst which combines structure and properties of different dimensional components and made this ternary system an exciting candidate for sunlight-driven photocatalytic water treatment.

LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF THE TERNARY SYSTEMS PROPIONIC ACID - WATER - SOLVENT (n-AMYL ALCOHOL AND n-AMYL ACETATE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dilek ÖZMEN

2005-02-01

Full Text Available The experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE data have been obtained at 25 oC for ternary systems propionic acid-water-n-amyl alcohol and propionic acid-water-n-amyl acetate. The reliability of the experimental tie line data are checked using the methods of Othmer-Tobias and Hand. The distribution coefficients and separation factors were obtained from experimental results and are also reported. The predicted tie line data obtained by UNIFAC method are compared with experimental data. It is concluded that n-amyl alcohol and n-amyl acetate are suitable separating agents for dilute aqueous propionic acid solutions.

A low temperature co-fired ceramic power inductor manufactured using a glass-free ternary composite material system

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yuanxun; Xie, Yunsong; Xie, Ru; Chen, Daming; Han, Likun; Su, Hua

2018-03-01

A glass-free ternary composite material system (CMS) manufactured employing the low temperature ( 890 ° C ) co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technique is reported. This ternary CMS consists of silver, NiCuZn ferrite, and Zn2SiO4 ceramic. The reported device fabricated from this ternary CMS is a power inductor with a nominal inductance of 1.0 μH. Three major highlights were achieved from the device and the material study. First, unlike most other LTCC methods, no glass is required to be added in either of the dielectric materials in order to co-fire the NiCuZn ferrite, Zn2SiO4 ceramic, and silver. Second, a successfully co-fired silver, NiCuZn, and Zn2SiO4 device can be achieved by optimizing the thermal shrinkage properties of both NiCuZn and Zn2SiO4, so that they have a very similar temperature shrinkage profile. We have also found that strong non-magnetic elemental diffusion occurs during the densification process, which further enhances the success rate of manufacturing co-fired devices. Last but not least, elemental mapping suggests that strong magnetic elemental diffusion between NiCuZn and Zn2SiO4 has been suppressed during the co-firing process. The investigation of electrical performance illustrates that while the ordinary binary CMS based power inductor can deal with 400 mA DC, the ternary CMS based power inductor is able to handle higher DC currents, 700 mA and 620 mA DC, according to both simulation and experiment demonstrations, respectively.

A comparative study of three ternary complexes prepared in different mixing orders of siRNA/redox-responsive hyperbranched poly (amido amine/hyaluronic acid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chen CJ

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Cheng-Jun Chen,1 Zhi-Xia Zhao,1 Jian-Cheng Wang,1 En-Yu Zhao,1 Ling-Yan Gao,1 Shu-Feng Zhou,2 Xiao-Yan Liu,1 Wan-Liang Lu,1 Qiang Zhang11State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USAAbstract: In this study, a novel redox-responsive hyperbranched poly(amido amine (named PCD was synthesized and used as a cationic polymer to form a ternary complex with small interfering RNA (siRNA and hyaluronic acid (HA for siRNA delivery. Here, it is hypothesized that different mixing orders result in different assembly structures, which may affect the siRNA delivery efficiency. To investigate the effects of mixing orders on siRNA delivery efficiency in two human breast cancer cell lines, three ternary complexes with different mixing orders of siRNA/PCD/HA were prepared and characterized: mixing order I (initially prepared siRNA/PCD binary complex further coated by negatively charged HA, mixing order II (initially prepared HA/PCD binary complex further incubated with siRNA, and mixing order III (initially prepared siRNA/HA mixture further electrostatically compacted by positively charged PCD. With an optimized siRNA/PCD/HA charge ratio of 1/20/16, the particle sizes and zeta potentials of these ternary complexes were 124.8 nm and 27.3 mV (mixing order I, 147.5 nm and 29.9 mV (mixing order II, and 128.8 nm and 19.4 mV (mixing order III. Also, the effects on stability, cellular uptake, and gene silencing efficiency of siRNA formulated in ternary complexes with different mixing orders were investigated. The results showed that mixing orders I and III displayed better siRNA transfection and protection than mixing order II in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. More interesting, at the siRNA/PCD/HA charge ratio of 1/20/16, the

Susceptibility of ternary aluminum alloys to cracking during solidification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Jiangwei; Kou, Sindo

2017-01-01

The crack susceptibility map of a ternary Al alloy system provides useful information about which alloy compositions are most susceptible to cracking and thus should be avoided by using a filler metal with a significantly different composition. In the present study the crack susceptibility maps of ternary Al alloy systems were calculated based on the maximum |dT/d(f S ) 1/2 | as an index for the crack susceptibility, where T is temperature and f S fraction solid. Due to the complexity associated with ternary alloy solidification, commercial thermodynamic software Pandat and Al database PanAluminum, instead of analytical equations, were used to calculate f S as a function of T and hence the maximum |dT/d(f S ) 1/2 | for ternary Al-Mg-Si, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Si alloy systems. A crack susceptibility map covering 121 alloy compositions was constructed for each of the three ternary alloy systems at each of the following three levels of back diffusion: no back diffusion, back diffusion under a 100 °C/s cooling rate, and back diffusion under 20° C/s. The location of the region of high crack susceptibility, which is the most important part of the map, was shown in each of the nine calculated maps. These locations were compared with those observed in crack susceptibility tests by previous investigators. With back diffusion considered, either under 20 or 100 °C/s, the agreement between the calculated and observed maps was good especially for Al-Mg-Si and Al-Cu-Mg. Thus, the maximum |dT/d(f S ) 1/2 | can be used as a crack susceptibility index to construct crack susceptibility maps for ternary Al alloys and to evaluate the effect of back diffusion on their crack susceptibility. - Graphical abstract: The crack susceptibility map of a ternary alloy system indicates the composition range most susceptible to cracking, which should be avoided in welding or casting. The crack susceptibility maps of ternary Al alloy systems Al-Mg-Si, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Si were calculated based

The 480 deg. C and 405 deg. C isothermal sections of the phase diagram of Fe-Zn-Si ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Jianhua [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105 (China)]. E-mail: super_wang111@hotmail.com; Su Xuping [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105 (China); Yin Fucheng [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105 (China); Li Zhi [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105 (China); Zhao Manxiu [Institute of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105 (China)

2005-08-16

The 480 deg. C and 405 deg. C isothermal sections of the Fe-Zn-Si ternary phase diagram have been determined experimentally using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry. The research of the work has concentrated on the Zn-rich corner, which is relevant to general galvanizing. The present studies have confirmed the existence of equilibrium state between the liquid, the {zeta} phase and the FeSi phase at the 480 deg. C isothermal section. There exist some changes in the phase relationships compared with the isothermal section at 450 deg. C. Experimental results indicate that Si solubility in all four Zn-Fe compounds is also limited at 480 deg. C and 405 deg. C.

Evaluation of hyaluronic acid-combined ternary complexes for serum-resistant and targeted gene delivery system.

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Woong-Gil; Jeong, Gyeong-Won; Nah, Jae-Woon

2018-04-19

Branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) was well known as high transfection agent, which has many amine group. However, utilization of bPEI was limited due to high toxicity. To solve these problems, bPEI was introduced to low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWSC) with coupling agent. In addition, hyaluronic acid (HA), one of natural anion polymer, was introduced to binary complex of pDNA/bPEI-grafted LMWSC (LMPEI) to target the specific cancer cell and impart the serum resistant. Ternary complexes of pDNA/LMPEI/HA were prepared by electrostatic charge interaction and their binding affinity and DNase protection assay were conducted by gel retardation assay. Particle size of ternary complexes showed that had each 482 ± 245.4 (pDNA/LMPEI2%/HA, 1:16:1, w/w/w) and 410 ± 78.5 nm (pDNA/LMPEI4%/HA, 1:16:2, w/w/w). Moreover, to demonstrate serum-resistant effect of ternary complexes, particle size of them was measured according to incubated time (0-10 h) under serum condition. Transfection assay of ternary complexes showed that their transfection efficiency in CD44-receptor overexpressed HCT116 cell was higher than CD44-receptor negative CT26 cell. Additionally, intracellular uptake of ternary complexes with propidium iodide (PI)-labeled pDNA was observed to confirm targeting effect and cellular internalization by fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that ternary complexes are superb gene carrier with excellent serum-resistant and high gene transfection. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Enhancement of the Si p-n diode NIR photoresponse by embedding β-FeSi2 nanocrystallites.

Science.gov (United States)

Shevlyagin, A V; Goroshko, D L; Chusovitin, E A; Galkin, K N; Galkin, N G; Gutakovskii, A K

2015-10-05

By using solid phase epitaxy of thin Fe films and molecular beam epitaxy of Si, a p(+)-Si/p-Si/β-FeSi2 nanocrystallites/n-Si(111) diode structure was fabricated. Transmission electron microscopy data confirmed a well-defined multilayered structure with embedded nanocrystallites of two typical sizes: 3-4 and 15-20 nm, and almost coherent epitaxy of the nanocrystallites with the Si matrix. The diode at zero bias conditions exhibited a current responsivity of 1.7 mA/W, an external quantum efficiency of about 0.2%, and a specific detectivity of 1.2 × 10(9) cm × Hz(1/2)/W at a wavelength of 1300 nm at room temperature. In the avalanche mode, the responsivity reached up to 20 mA/W (2% in terms of efficiency) with a value of avalanche gain equal to 5. The data obtained indicate that embedding of β-FeSi2 nanocrystallites into the depletion region of the Si p-n junction results in expansion of the spectral sensitivity up to 1600 nm and an increase of the photoresponse by more than two orders of magnitude in comparison with a conventional Si p-n junction. Thereby, fabricated structure combines advantage of the silicon photodiode functionality and simplicity with near infrared light detection capability of β-FeSi2.

Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-W-C system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Weiming; Selleby, M.

1997-01-01

The phase equilibrium and thermodynamic information of the Nb-W-C system was reviewed and assessed by using thermodynamic models for the Gibbs energy of individual phases. The assessment was based on the recent evaluations of the W-C, Nb-W and Nb-C, which was revised in the present work taking ternary information into account. The model parameters were evaluated by fitting the selected experimental data by means of a computer program. A consistent set of parameters was obtained, which satisfactorily describes most of the experimental information. (orig.)

W/SiC X-ray multilayers optimized for use above 100 keV

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Windt, D.L.; Dongey, S.; Hailey, C.J.

2002-01-01

-derived optical constants, which we determined from reflectance-vs-incidence angle measurements also made using synchrotron radiation, in the range E=120 - 180 keV. We describe our experimental investigation in detail, compare the new W/SiC multilayers with both W/Si and W/B4C films that have been studied......We have developed a new depth-graded multilayer system comprising W and SiC layers, suitable for use as hard X-ray reflective coatings operating in the energy range 100 - 200 keV. Grazing incidence X-ray reflectance at E=8 keV was used to characterize the interface widths, as well as the temporal...... and thermal stability in both periodic and depth-graded W/SiC structures, while synchrotron radiation was used to measure the hard X-ray reflectance of a depth-graded multilayer designed specifically for use in the range Esimilar to150 - 170 keV. We have modeled the hard X-ray reflectance using newly...

W/SiC x-ray multilayers optimized for use above 100 keV

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Windt, D.L.; Donguy, S.; Hailey, C.J.

2003-01-01

optical constants, which we determined from reflectance versus incidence angle measurements also made using synchrotron radiation, in the range E = 120-180 keV. We describe our experimental investigation in detail, compare the new W/SiC multilayers with both W/Si and W/B4C films that have been studied......We have developed a new depth-graded multilayer system comprising W and SiC layers, suitable for use as hard x-ray reflective coatings operating in the energy range 100-200 keV. Grazing-incidence x-ray reflectance at E = 8 keV was used to characterize the interface widths, as well as the temporal...... and thermal stability in both periodic and depth-graded W/SiC structures, whereas synchrotron radiation was used to measure the hard x-ray reflectance of a depth-graded multilayer designed specifically for use in, the range Esimilar to150-170 keV. We have modeled the hard x-ray reflectance using newly derived...

The Li–Si–(O)–N system revisited: Structural characterization of Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Casas-Cabanas, M. [CIC energiGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, ED.CIC, 01510 Miñano (Spain); Santner, H. [Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia (Spain); Palacín, M.R., E-mail: rosa.palacin@icmab.es [Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia (Spain)

2014-05-01

A systematic study of the Li–Si–(O)–N system is presented. The synthetic conditions to prepare Li{sub 2}SiN{sub 2}, Li{sub 5}SiN{sub 3}, Li{sub 18}Si{sub 3}N{sub 10}, Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are described and the structure of the last two compounds has been solved for the first time. While Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} crystallizes as a superstructure of the anti-fluorite structure with Li and Si ordering, Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O exhibits the anti-fluorite structure with both anion and cation disorder. - Graphical abstract: A systematic study of the Li–Si–(O)–N system is presented. Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} crystallizes as a superstructure of the anti-fluorite structure with Li and Si ordering, Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O exhibits the anti-fluorite structure with both anion and cation disorder. - Highlights: • Li{sub 2}SiN{sub 2}, Li{sub 5}SiN{sub 3}, Li{sub 18}Si{sub 3}N{sub 10}, Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are prepared. • The structures of Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are presented. • Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} exhibits an anti-fluorite superstructure with Li and Si ordering.

Development of Readout Interconnections for the Si-W Calorimeter of SiD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woods, M.; Fields, R.G.; Holbrook, B.; Lander, R.L.; Moskaleva, A.; Neher, C.; Pasner, J.; Tripathi, M.; /UC, Davis; Brau, J.E.; Frey, R.E.; Strom, D.; /Oregon U.; Breidenbach, M.; Freytag, D.; Haller, G.; Herbst, R.; Nelson, T.; /SLAC; Schier, S.; Schumm, B.; /UC, Santa Cruz

2012-09-14

The SiD collaboration is developing a Si-W sampling electromagnetic calorimeter, with anticipated application for the International Linear Collider. Assembling the modules for such a detector will involve special bonding technologies for the interconnections, especially for attaching a silicon detector wafer to a flex cable readout bus. We review the interconnect technologies involved, including oxidation removal processes, pad surface preparation, solder ball selection and placement, and bond quality assurance. Our results show that solder ball bonding is a promising technique for the Si-W ECAL, and unresolved issues are being addressed.

Percepcja klimatu uczenia się w szkole i poczucie zaspokojenia potrzeb a tożsamość uczniów w okresie dorastania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksandra Kram

2014-12-01

Full Text Available W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania dotyczącego roli klimatu uczenia się i zaspokajania podstawowych potrzeb psychicznych, w ujęciu teorii autodeterminacji, w kontekście procesu formowania się tożsamości. Badaniu poddano 75 uczniów będących w okresie dorastania (13–20 lat, uczących się w gimnazjach i liceach ogólnokształcących, w których realizowany był tutoring. Posłużono się trzema kwestionariuszami: Kwestionariuszem klimatu uczenia się (LCQ, Skalą podstawowych potrzeb psychicznych (BPNS oraz Skalą wymiarów rozwoju tożsamości (DIDS/PL. Wykazano, że spostrzeganie szkoły jako wspierającej autonomię ucznia oraz zaspokojenie potrzeby autonomii pozwala przewidywać większe natężenie podejmowania zobowiązań oraz identyfikacji z nimi, a niższe – eksploracji ruminacyjnej. Zaspokojenie potrzeby kompetencji okazało się natomiast istotne dla identyfikacji ze zobowiązaniami. Wykazano, że poczucie zaspokojenia potrzeb jest mediatorem pomiędzy klimatem uczenia się a wymiarami tożsamości.

Peculiarities of thermoelectric half-Heusler phase formation in Zr–Co–Sb ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romaka, V.V., E-mail: romakav@lp.edu.ua [Department of Applied Material Science and Materials Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ustyyanovycha Str. 5, 79013 Lviv (Ukraine); Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Wien (Austria); Romaka, L. [Inorganic Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya Str. 6, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Rogl, P. [Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Wien (Austria); Stadnyk, Yu. [Inorganic Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya Str. 6, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Melnychenko, N. [Inorganic Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya Str. 6, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Army Academy named after Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi, Gvardijska Str. 32, 79012 Lviv (Ukraine); Korzh, R.; Duriagina, Z. [Department of Applied Material Science and Materials Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ustyyanovycha Str. 5, 79013 Lviv (Ukraine); Horyn, A. [Inorganic Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya Str. 6, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine)

2014-02-05

Highlights: • Phase relations for the Zr–Co–Sb system at 500 °C. • Homogeneity region for half-Heusler phase. • The distribution of DOS for Zr{sub 1+x}Co{sub 1−x}Sb predicts transition from semiconductor (x = 0) to metallic (x = 0.13) like behavior. • The existence of the solid solution Zr{sub 5}Co{sub x}Sb{sub 3+y} (x = 0.0–1.0, y = 0.0–1.0). -- Abstract: The phase equilibria in the Zr–Co–Sb ternary system were studied at 873 K by means of X-ray and metallographic analyses in the whole concentration range. The interaction between the elements results the formation of four ternary compounds at investigated temperature: ZrCoSb (MgAgAs-type), Zr{sub 6}CoSb{sub 2} (K{sub 2}UF{sub 6}-type), Zr{sub 5}CoSb{sub 3} (Hf{sub 5}CuSn{sub 3}-type) and Zr{sub 5}Co{sub 0.5}Sb{sub 2.5} (W{sub 5}Si{sub 3}-type). The limited composition Zr{sub 5}CoSb{sub 3} of the solid solution based on the Zr{sub 5}Sb{sub 3−4} binaries is considered as compound with Hf{sub 5}CuSn{sub 3} structure type. The influence of the disordering and defects in the crystal structure of ZrCoSb on the physical properties was analyzed. The performed electronic structure calculations are in good agreement with electrical and magnetic studies.

Synthesis of a Novel Polyethoxysilsesquiazane and Thermal Conversion into Ternary Silicon Oxynitride Ceramics with Enhanced Thermal Stability.

Science.gov (United States)

Iwase, Yoshiaki; Horie, Yoji; Daiko, Yusuke; Honda, Sawao; Iwamoto, Yuji

2017-12-05

A novel polyethoxysilsesquiazane ([EtOSi(NH) 1.5 ] n , EtOSZ) was synthesized by ammonolysis at -78 °C of ethoxytrichlorosilane (EtOSiCl₃), which was isolated by distillation as a reaction product of SiCl₄ and EtOH. Attenuated total reflection-infra red (ATR-IR), 13 C-, and 29 Si-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses of the ammonolysis product resulted in the detection of Si-NH-Si linkage and EtO group. The simultaneous thermogravimetric and mass spectrometry analyses of the EtOSZ under helium revealed cleavage of oxygen-carbon bond of the EtO group to evolve ethylene as a main gaseous species formed in-situ, which lead to the formation at 800 °C of quaternary amorphous Si-C-N with an extremely low carbon content (1.1 wt %) when compared to the theoretical EtOSZ (25.1 wt %). Subsequent heat treatment up to 1400 °C in N₂ lead to the formation of X-ray amorphous ternary Si-O-N. Further heating to 1600 °C in N₂ promoted crystallization and phase partitioning to afford Si₂N₂O nanocrystallites identified by the XRD and TEM analyses. The thermal stability up to 1400 °C of the amorphous state achieved for the ternary Si-O-N was further studied by chemical composition analysis, as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 29 Si-NMR spectroscopic analyses, and the results were discussed aiming to develop a novel polymeric precursor for ternary amorphous Si-O-N ceramics with an enhanced thermal stability.

Determination and modeling of binary and ternary solid-liquid phase equilibrium for the systems formed by 1,8-dinitronaphthalene and 1,5-dinitronaphthalene and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xie, Yong; Du, Cunbin; Cong, Yang; Wang, Jian; Han, Shuo; Zhao, Hongkun

2016-01-01

Highlights: • SLE formed by 1,5 and/or 1,8-dinitronaphthalene and NMP was determined. • The binary and ternary phase diagrams were constructed. • The phase diagrams were correlated and calculated using thermodynamic models. - Abstract: The solubility of 1,8-dinitronaphthalene and 1,5-dinitronaphthalene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at (293.15–343.15) K and the mutual solubility of the ternary 1,5-dinitronaphthalene + 1,8-dinitronaphthalene + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone mixture at (313.15, 328.15 and 343.15) K were determined experimentally using the isothermal saturation method under atmospheric pressure (101.2 kPa). The solubility of 1,8-dinitronaphthalene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is larger than that of 1,5-dinitronaphthalene. Three isothermal ternary phase diagrams were built according to the measured mutual solubility data. In each ternary phase diagram, there were one co-saturated point, two boundary curves, and three crystalline regions. Two pure solids (pure 1,8-dinitronaphthalene and pure 1,5-dinitronaphthalene) were formed in the ternary system at a given temperature, which were identified by Schreinemaker’s method of wet residue and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern. The crystallization region of 1,8-dinitronaphthalene was smaller than that of 1,5-dinitronaphthalene at each temperature. The modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, NRTL model and Wilson model were used to correlate the solubility of 1,8-dinitronaphthalene and 1,5-dinitronaphthalene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; and the NRTL and Wilson models were employed to correlate and calculate the mutual solubility for the ternary 1,5-dinitronaphthalene + 1,8-dinitronaphthalene + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone system. The largest value of root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) was 20.34 × 10 −4 for the binary systems; and 7.38 × 10 −3 for ternary system. The calculated results via these models are all acceptable for the binary and ternary solid-liquid phase equilibrium.

Thermodynamic modeling of the Ti-Al-Cr ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Leyi; Qiu Aitao; Liu Lanjie; Jiang Ming; Lu Xionggang; Li Chonghe

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The full experimental results of the Ti-Al-Cr ternary system and its sub-binary systems are reviewed and analysed in detail. → Based on the latest thermodynamic assessments of the Ti-Al, Ti-Cr and Al-Cr systems and the ternary experimental data in literature, the thermodynamic parameters of the Ti-Al-Cr ternary system are fully assessed by the Calphad method. → The transformation of disorder to order (bcc a 2 to B2) and the new ternary compound L 12T i 25 Cr 8 Al 67 are considered in this work. - Abstract: The Ti-Al-Cr ternary system is one of the most important systems to studying the titanium alloys. Some experimental data of this ternary system are available and a few partial thermodynamic assessments are reported. However, no full thermodynamic descriptions were published. In this study, the previous work on the Ti-Al-Cr system and its related binary systems are reviewed. Based on the thermodynamic descriptions of the Ti-Al, Ti-Cr and Al-Cr systems and the ternary experimental data in literature, the Ti-Al-Cr ternary system is assessed by means of the Calphad method. Several isothermal sections from 1073 K to 1573 K and some invariant reactions are calculated, which are in good agreement with the most of the experimental results.

Dissolution rate enhancement of the poorly water-soluble drug Tibolone using PVP, SiO2, and their nanocomposites as appropriate drug carriers.

Science.gov (United States)

Papadimitriou, Sofia; Bikiaris, Dimitrios

2009-09-01

Creation of immediate release formulations for the poorly water-soluble drug Tibolone through the use of solid dispersions (SDs). SD systems of Tibolone (Tibo) with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), fumed SiO(2) nanoparticles, and their corresponding ternary systems (PVP/SiO(2)/Tibo) were prepared and studied in order to produce formulations with enhanced drug dissolution rates. The prepared SDs were characterized by the use of differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffractometry techniques. Also dissolution experiments were performed. From the results it was concluded that PVP as well as SiO(2) can be used as appropriate carriers for the amorphization of Tibo, even when the drug is used at high concentrations (20-30%, w/w). This is due to the evolved interactions taking place between the drug and the used carriers, as was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. At higher concentrations the drug was recrystallized. Similar are the observations on the ternary PVP/SiO(2)/Tibo SDs. The dissolution profiles of the drug in PVP/Tibo and SiO(2)/Tibo SDs are directly dependent on the physical state of the drug. Immediately release rates are observed in SD with low drug concentrations, in which Tibo was in amorphous state. However, these release profiles are drastically changed in the ternary PVP/SiO(2)/Tibo SDs. An immediate release profile is observed for low drug concentrations and an almost sustained release as the concentration of Tibo increases. This is due to the weak interactions that take place between PVP and SiO(2), which result in alterations of the characteristics of the carrier (PVP/SiO(2) nanocomposites). Immediate release formulation was created for Tibolone as well as new nanocomposite matrices of PVP/SiO((2)), which drastically change the release profile of the drug to a sustained delivery.

450 {sup o}C isothermal section of the Fe-Zn-Si ternary phase diagram

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Su, Xuping [Inst. of Materials Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan Univ., Xiangtan, Hunan (China); Univ. of Toronto, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Tang, Nai-Yong [Cominco Ltd., Product Technology Centre, Mississauga, Ontario (Canada); Toguri, J.M. [Univ. of Toronto, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)

2001-07-01

The 450 {sup o}C isothermal section of the Fe-Zn-Si ternary phase diagram has been determined experimentally using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry. The focus of the work has been concentrated on the Zn-rich corner which is relevant to general galvanizing. The present study has confirmed the existence of the equilibrium state between the liquid, the {zeta} phase and the FeSi phase. This three phase equilibrium state prevents the equilibrium between the liquid and the {delta} phase suggested by some researchers. Experimental results indicate that Si solubility in all four binary Zn-Fe compounds is limited. The Fe solubility in molten Zn was found to decrease with increasing Si content in the melt. The liquid phase boundary was determined using a model based phenomenological approach. (author)

Analiza funkcjonowania systemów ABCw przedsiębiorstwach działających w Polsce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomasz Wnuk-Pel

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza stanu rozpowszechnienia rachunku kosztów działań w przedsiębiorstwach w Polsce, w szczególności zaś analiza problemów pojawiających się w procesie wdrożenia, struktury systemów ABC oraz sposobów wykorzystania informacji z systemów rachunku kosztów działań. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań mają znaczenie zarówno teoretyczne, jak i praktyczne. Z praktycznego punktu widzenia, przedsiębiorstwa rozważające implementację ABC w przyszłości powinny mieć świadomość czynników wpływających na implementację ABC, jak również problemów, które mogą się w procesie implementacji pojawić. Menedżerowie rozważający implementację ABC muszą zdawać sobie sprawę z poziomu szczegółowości i sposobów budowy systemu informacyjnego rachunku kosztów działań. Mogą oni również skorzystać z wiedzy o sposobach wykorzystania informacji z systemów rachunku kosztów działań. Wiedza ta może sprzyjać podejmowaniu lepszych decyzji dotyczących implementacji systemów ABC, a jeżeli decyzja o implementacji zostanie podjęta, może się przyczynić do zwiększenia prawdopodobieństwa zakończenia procesu wdrożenia sukcesem. Z teoretycznego punktu widzenia, przeprowadzone badania mogą się przyczynić do określenia ogólnej tendencji: modyfikacje systemów rachunku kosztów w przedsiębiorstwach w Polsce oraz wdrażanie nowoczesnych metod rachunkowości zarządczej, takich jak ABC, zmierza w podobnym kierunku jak praktyka rachunkowości zarządczej na świecie.

Thermodynamic optimization of the (Na2O + SiO2 + NaF + SiF4) reciprocal system using the Modified Quasichemical Model in the Quadruplet Approximation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lambotte, Guillaume; Chartrand, Patrice

2011-01-01

Highlights: → We model the Na 2 O-SiO 2 -NaF-SiF 4 reciprocal system based on a comprehensive review of all available experimental data. → The assessment includes Na 2 O-SiO 2 and NaF-SiF 4 binary systems. → Improvements to the Modified Quasichemical Model in the Quadruplet Approximation are presented. → The very strong short-range ordering among first-nearest and second-nearest neighbors in this system is reproduced. → This work constitutes the first assessment for all compositions and temperatures of a reciprocal oxyfluoride system. - Abstract: All available thermodynamic and phase diagram data for the condensed phases of the ternary reciprocal system (NaF + SiF 4 + Na 2 O + SiO 2 ) have been critically assessed. Model parameters for the unary (SiF 4 ), the binary systems and the ternary reciprocal system have been found, which permit to reproduce the most reliable experimental data. The Modified Quasichemical Model in the Quadruplet Approximation was used for the oxyfluoride liquid solution, which exhibits strong first-nearest-neighbor and second-nearest-neighbor short-range ordering. This thermodynamic model takes into account both types of short-range ordering as well as the coupling between them. Model parameters have been estimated for the hypothetical high-temperature liquid SiF 4 .

Strong composition-dependence on glass-forming ability in Ni-(Ti,Zr)-Si pseudo-ternary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, H.; Wang, J.Q.; Li, Y.

2006-01-01

The glass formation in Ni-(Ti,Zr)-Si pseudo-ternary alloys was studied. For suction casting, by carefully adjusting the alloy composition and studying the microstructure changes, the best glass-forming alloy with a 2 mm diameter is pinpointed in a narrow composition region of 57.5-58.5 at.% Ni, 36.5-38.5 at.% (Ti + Zr) and 5-5.5 at.% Si. The main competing crystalline phases, identified by XRD and SEM, were Ni 10 (Zr,Ti) 7 , Ni(Ti,Zr) and an unidentified Si-containing phase. Our results indicate a clear need for monitoring the microstructure change in the cross section of the ingots to locate the best glass-forming alloys

Solid-state reactions during mechanical alloying of ternary Fe–Al–X (X=Ni, Mn, Cu, Ti, Cr, B, Si) systems: A review

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hadef, Fatma, E-mail: hadef77@yahoo.fr [Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, LRPCSI, Université 20 Août 1955, BP 26, Route d’El-Haddaiek, Skikda 21000 (Algeria); Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université 20 Août 1955, BP 26, Route d’El-Haddaiek, Skikda 21000 (Algeria)

2016-12-01

The last decade has witnessed an intensive research in the field of nanocrystalline materials due to their enhanced properties. A lot of processing techniques were developed in order to synthesis these novel materials, among them mechanical alloying or high-energy ball milling. In fact, mechanical alloying is one of the most common operations in the processing of solids. It can be used to quickly and easily synthesize a variety of technologically useful materials which are very difficult to manufacture by other techniques. One advantage of MA over many other techniques is that is a solid state technique and consequently problems associated with melting and solidification are bypassed. Special attention is being paid to the synthesis of alloys through reactions mainly occurring in solid state in many metallic ternary Fe–Al–X systems, in order to improve mainly Fe–Al structural and mechanical properties. The results show that nanocrystallization is the common result occurring in all systems during MA process. The aim of this work is to illustrate the uniqueness of MA process to induce phase transformation in metallic Fe–Al–X (X=Ni, Mn, Cu, Ti, Cr, B, Si) systems. - Highlights: • A review of state of the art on binary Fe–Al alloys was presented. • Structural and microstructural properties of MA ternary Fe–Al–X alloys were summerized. • MA process is a powerful tool for producing metallic alloys at the nanometer scale.

Phase formation in Mg-Sn-Si and Mg-Sn-Si-Ca alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kozlov, A.; Groebner, J. [Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, Robert-Koch-Str. 42, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany); Schmid-Fetzer, R., E-mail: schmid-fetzer@tu-clausthal.de [Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, Robert-Koch-Str. 42, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany)

2011-02-17

Research highlights: > The solidification paths of ternary and quaternary alloys are analyzed in detail, using the tool of thermodynamic calculations. > The precipitation sequence of phases and their amounts compare well with the microstructure of alloys. > The most efficient comparison to the experimental thermal analysis data is done by calculation of the enthalpy variation with temperature. > The viability of a procedure for the selection of multicomponent key samples is demonstrated for the development of the Mg-Ca-Si-Sn phase diagram. - Abstract: Experimental work is done and combined with the Calphad method to generate a consistent thermodynamic description of the Mg-Ca-Si-Sn quaternary system, validated for Mg-rich alloys. The viability of a procedure for the selection of multicomponent key samples is demonstrated for this multicomponent system. Dedicated thermal analysis with DTA/DSC on sealed samples is performed and the microstructure of slowly solidified alloys is analyzed using SEM/EDX. The thermodynamic description and phase diagram of the ternary Mg-Si-Sn system, developed in detail also in this work, deviates significantly from a previous literature proposal. The phase formation in ternary and quaternary alloys is analyzed using the tool of thermodynamic equilibrium and Scheil calculations for the solidification paths and compared with present experimental data. The significant ternary/quaternary solid solubilities of pertinent intermetallic phases are quantitatively introduced in the quaternary Mg-Ca-Si-Sn phase diagram and validated by experimental data.

Enhanced Dissolution of a Porous Carrier-Containing Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersion System Prepared by a Hot Melt Method.

Science.gov (United States)

Hanada, Masataka; Jermain, Scott V; Williams, Robert O

2018-01-01

The focus of our study was to employ a solvent-free, thermal process to evaluate the use of a porous carrier in a drug-polymer-porous carrier ternary formulation containing a high drug load (e.g., ≥50% w/w). The purpose of the study was to improve the dissolution properties of the biopharmaceutical classification system class II drug, indomethacin, in the ternary formulation. The effect that the selected polymer has on properties of the formulation was studied, and the formulation characteristics of hypromellose (AF15), copovidone (VA64), and polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer was evaluated to understand differences in dissolution rates and drug adsorption onto the porous carrier. The ternary formulations were manufactured using a thermal technique that relied on heating and mixing, without the necessity of mechanical shear. All thermally processed granules that employed the porous carrier exhibited immediate release compared with crystalline indomethacin and physical mixtures. In addition, the ternary formulations maintained supersaturation compared with the binary formulations without polymer. The results of this study indicated that the thermally processed ternary formulations containing a porous carrier demonstrated a much improved dissolution profile in nonsink conditions. Copyright © 2018 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Balancing Accuracy and Computational Efficiency for Ternary Gas Hydrate Systems

Science.gov (United States)

White, M. D.

2011-12-01

phase transitions. This paper describes and demonstrates a numerical solution scheme for ternary hydrate systems that seeks a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. This scheme uses a generalize cubic equation of state, functional forms for the hydrate equilibria and cage occupancies, variable switching scheme for phase transitions, and kinetic exchange of hydrate formers (i.e., CH4, CO2, and N2) between the mobile phases (i.e., aqueous, liquid CO2, and gas) and hydrate phase. Accuracy of the scheme will be evaluated by comparing property values and phase equilibria against experimental data. Computational efficiency of the scheme will be evaluated by comparing the base scheme against variants. The application of interest will the production of a natural gas hydrate deposit from a geologic formation, using the guest molecule exchange process; where, a mixture of CO2 and N2 are injected into the formation. During the guest-molecule exchange, CO2 and N2 will predominately replace CH4 in the large and small cages of the sI structure, respectively.

Crystallization features of ternary reversible reciprocal systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomashik, V.N.; Shcherbak, L.P.; Fejchuk, P.I.; Grytsiv, V.I.

2006-01-01

Some features of the primary crystallization of phases in ternary reversible reciprocal system are considered and discussed. The diagonal join CdTe-GeSe of the CdTe + GeSe = CdSe + GeTe ternary reciprocal system is studied to show that the features in primary and secondary heating and cooling curves in such systems under fully equilibrium conditions are not reproduced upon consecutive heating and cooling sessions, because of the existence of different amounts of the reagents and the reaction products in the mixture; the temperatures of each transformation lie in a range. Those who experimentally investigate other ternary and more complex reversible reciprocal systems should take this fact into account [ru

Production of barium molybdate and tungstate on the base of ternary reciprocal Na, Ba long Cl, EhO4 (Eh - Mo, W) systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garkushin, I.K.; Sechnoj, A.I.; Dibirov, M.A.; Trunin, A.S.

1984-01-01

Possibilities of the syntnesis of barium molybdate and tungstate on the base of ternary reciprocal Na, Ba parallel Cl, EhO 4 (Eh=Mo, W) system state diagrams are under study. It is shown that on the basis of these reciprocal state diagrams syntnesis of not only BaO 4 but also of other suhstances is possible. Purity of obtained chemical agents is basically dependent on qualification of initial components. Synthesis temperature is decreased and time is reduced as compared to other known methods. For substance synthesis, state diagrams examination (reaction type confirmation and component crystallization fields separation from compound crystallization fields) is necessary along with the calculation of the conventional thermochemical effect

300C/15 kW power converter with AlGaN/GaN-Si MOS-HFETs for electric propulsion systems, Phase II

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Capitalizing on a strong expertise in III-Nitride epitaxy, GaN-Si power device designs, and wide-bandgap power electronics, researchers at GeneSiC Semiconductor...

The Prognosis of the Phase Equilibrium Diagram of the System Al-Cu-Si

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florentina Cziple

2007-10-01

Full Text Available The paper presents a model for establishing the mathematical functions of the liquidus and solidus curves, from the binary diagrams Al-Si, Si-Cu, Cu-Al and their use in the prognosis of the phase equilibrium diagram from the ternary system Al-Cu-Si. We have studied the model of the non-ideal liquid solution of the regular type. The calculus and graphic plotting of the equations for the binary systems has been performed on the computer

A Computationally Efficient Equation of State for Ternary Gas Hydrate Systems

Science.gov (United States)

White, M. D.

2012-12-01

the production of geologic accumulations of gas hydrates have historically suffered from relatively slow execution times, compared with other multifluid, porous media systems, due to strong nonlinearities and phase transitions. The phase equilibria for the ternary gas hydrate system within the gas hydrate stability range of composition, temperature and pressure, includes regions where the gas hydrate is in equilibrium with gas, nonaqueous liquid, or mixtures of gas and nonaqeuous liquid near the CO2-CH4-N2 mixture critical point. In these regions, solutions to cubic equations of state can be nonconvergent without accurate initial guesses. A hybrid tabular-cubic equation of state is described which avoids convergence issues, but conserves the characteristics and advantages of the cubic equation of state approaches to phase equilibria calculations. The application of interest will be the production of a natural gas hydrate deposit from a geologic formation, using the guest molecule exchange process; where, a mixture of CO2 and N2 are injected into the formation. During the guest-molecule exchange, CO2 and N2 will predominately replace CH4 in the large and small cages of the sI structure, respectively.

A high-throughput search for new ternary superalloys

Science.gov (United States)

Nyshadham, Chandramouli; Hansen, Jacob; Oses, Corey; Curtarolo, Stefano; Hart, Gus

In 2006 an unexpected new superalloy, Co3[Al,W], was discovered. This new alloy is cobalt-based, in contrast to conventional superalloys, which are nickel-based. Inspired by this new discovery, we performed first-principles calculations, searching through 2224 ternary metallic systems of the form A3[B0.5C0.5], where A = Ni/Co/Fe and [B, C] = all binary combinations of 40 different elements chosen from the periodic table. We found 175 new systems that are better than the Co3[Al, W] superalloy. 75 of these systems are brand new--they have never been reported in experimental literature. These 75 new potential superalloys are good candidates for further experiments. Our calculations are consistent with current experimental literature where data exists. Work supported under: ONR (MURI N00014-13-1-0635).

Thermodynamic description of the Al–Mg–Si system using a new formulation for the temperature dependence of the excess Gibbs energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Ying; Du, Yong; Zhang, Lijun; Yuan, Xiaoming; Kaptay, George

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► An exponential formulation to describe ternary excess Gibbs energy is proposed. ► Theoretical analysis is performed to verify stability of phase using new formulation. ► Al–Mg–Si system and its boundary binaries have been assessed by the new formulation. ► Present calculations for Al–Mg–Si system are more reasonable than previous ones. - Abstract: An exponential formulation was proposed to replace the linear interaction parameter in the Redlich–Kister (R–K) polynomial for the excess Gibbs energy of ternary solution phase. The theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed new exponential formulation can not only avoid the artificial miscibility gap at high temperatures but also describe the ternary system well. A thermodynamic description for the Al–Mg–Si system and its boundary binaries was then performed by using both R–K linear and exponential formulations. The inverted miscibility gaps occurring in the Mg–Si and the Al–Mg–Si systems at high temperatures due to the use of R–K linear polynomials are avoided by using the new formulation. Besides, the thermodynamic properties predicted with the new formulation confirm the general thermodynamic belief that the solution phase approaches to the ideal solution at infinite temperatures, which cannot be described with the traditional R–K linear polynomials.

Investigations of the ternary system beryllium-carbon-tungsten and analyses of beryllium on carbon surfaces; Untersuchung des ternaeren Systems Beryllium-Kohlenstoff-Wolfram und Betrachtungen von Beryllium auf Kohlenstoffoberflaechen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kost, Florian

2009-05-25

Beryllium, carbon and tungsten are planned to be used as first wall materials in the future fusion reactor ITER. The aim of this work is a characterization of mixed material formation induced by thermal load. To this end, model systems (layers) were prepared and investigated, which give insight into the basic physical and chemical concepts. Before investigating ternary systems, the first step was to analyze the binary systems Be/C and Be/W (bottom-up approach), where the differences between the substrates PG (pyrolytic graphite) and HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) were of special interest. Particularly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy ion scattering (ISS) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) were used as analysis methods. Beryllium evaporated on carbon shows an island growth mode, whereas a closed layer can be assumed for layer thicknesses above 0.7 nm. Annealing of the Be/C system induces Be{sub 2}C island formation for T{>=}770 K. At high temperatures (T{>=}1170 K), beryllium carbide dissociates, resulting in (metallic) beryllium desorption. For HOPG, carbide formation starts at higher temperatures compared to PG. Activation energies for the diffusion processes were determined by analyzing the decreasing beryllium amount versus annealing time. Surface morphologies were characterized using angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experiments were performed to study processes in the Be/W system in the temperature range from 570 to 1270 K. Be{sub 2}W formation starts at 670 K, a complete loss of Be{sub 2}W is observed at 1170 K due to dissociation (and subsequent beryllium desorption). Regarding ternary systems, particularly Be/C/W and C/Be/W were investigated, attaching importance to layer thickness (reservoir) variations. At room temperature, Be{sub 2}C, W{sub 2}C, WC and Be{sub 2}W formation at the respective interfaces was observed. Further Be{sub 2}C is forming with increasing annealing temperatures

di Synthesis and Characterization of the Platinum-Substituted Keggin Anion alpha-H2SiPtW11O404-

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klonowski, P; Goloboy, JC; Uribe-Romo, FJ; Sun, FR; Zhu, LY; Gandara, F; Wills, C; Errington, RJ; Yaghi, OM; Klemperer, WG

2014-12-15

Acidification of an aqueous solution of K8SiW11O39 and K2Pt(OH)(6) to pH 4 followed by addition of excess tetramethylammonium (TMA) chloride yielded a solid mixture of TMA salts of H2SiPtW11O404- (1) and SiW12O404- (2). The former was separated from the latter by extraction into an aqueous solution and converted into tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) and potassium salts TBA-1 and K-1. The a-H2SiPtW11O404- was identified as a monosubstituted Keggin anion using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Pt-195 NMR spectroscopy, (183)W NMR spectroscopy, and W-183-W-183 2D INADEQUATE NMR spectroscopy. Both TBA-1 and K-1 readily cocrystallized with their unsubstituted Keggin anion salts, TBA-2 and K-2, respectively, providing an explanation for the historical difficulty of isolating certain platinum-substituted heteropolyanions in pure form.

Atomic layer deposition of W - based layers on SiO2

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Nieuwkasteele-Bystrova, Svetlana Nikolajevna; Holleman, J.; Wolters, Robertus A.M.; Aarnink, Antonius A.I.

2003-01-01

W> and W1-xNx , where x= 15- 22 at%, thin films were grown using the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) principle. Growth rate of W> films is about 4- 5 monolayers/ cycle at 300- 350 ºC. Growth rate of W1-xNx is 0.5 monolayer/cycle at 325- 350 ºC. Standard Deviation (STDV) of thickness is about 2%

Swift heavy-ion induced trap generation and mixing at Si/SiO{sub 2} interface in depletion n-MOS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shinde, N. [Ecotopia Science Institute, Division of Energy Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan) and Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 411 007 (India)]. E-mail: nss@nucl.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Bhoraskar, V.N. [Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 411 007 (India); Dhole, S.D. [Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 411 007 (India)

2006-01-15

Large channel depletion n-channel MOSFET (Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) is a basic Si-SiO{sub 2} structure to understand irradiation-induced modifications. The contribution of interface and oxide states denoted as {delta}N {sub IT} and {delta}N {sub OT}, respectively, was separated out by using I {sub D}-V {sub DS}, I {sub D}-V {sub GS} measurements. The threshold voltage shift {delta}V {sub T} (V {sub T-irrad} - V {sub T-virgin}) increased for all ions (50 MeV Li, B, F, P and Ni) over the fluence of 2 x 10{sup 11}-2 x 10{sup 13} ions/cm{sup 2}. The increase in {delta}N {sub IT} was associated to trap generation at Si-SiO{sub 2} interface, but a small change in {delta}N {sub OT} indicate less charge trapping in oxide. The electronic energy loss S {sub e} induced increase in {delta}N {sub IT} is not adequate to explain the large shift in threshold voltage. A rough estimate shows that the channel width, W should decrease by 40% for a large increase in {delta}N {sub IT}. Thus, the possible factor affecting reduction of W may be ion beam mixing induced broadening of Si-SiO{sub 2} interface.

A Structural Study on the Foaming Behavior of CaO-SiO2-MO (MO = MgO, FeO, or Al2O3) Ternary Slag System

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Youngjoo; Min, Dong Joon

2017-12-01

The foaming index of the CaO-SiO2-MO (MO = MgO, FeO, or Al2O3) ternary slag system with a fixed CaO/SiO2 ratio is measured to understand the effect of the ionic structure. At 1773 K (1500 °C), the foaming index of the slag increases with Al2O3 addition and decreases with MgO or FeO addition at a fixed CaO/SiO2 ratio. It is verified that the previous correlation between the foaming index and the physical properties could also be valid for the CaO-SiO2-(MgO or Al2O3) system. Raman spectroscopy for the CaO/SiO2 = 1.0 slag is applied to explain the foaming behavior from an ionic structural perspective. From the ionic structural viewpoint, the fractional change in each silicate anion unit is identified by de-convoluted Raman spectra. The Raman spectra indicate that the silicate network structure is polymerized with Al2O3 as an aluminosilicate structure; in contrast, de-polymerization occurs by MgO or FeO addition. Furthermore, the relationship between the silicate structure and the thermodynamic stability function is discussed. Since the ionic structure of the molten slag affects various physical/thermodynamic properties, the foaming behavior could be successfully interpreted from the ionic structural viewpoint.

Capping Layer (CL) Induced Antidamping in CL/Py/β-W System (CL: Al, β-Ta, Cu, β-W).

Science.gov (United States)

Behera, Nilamani; Guha, Puspendu; Pandya, Dinesh K; Chaudhary, Sujeet

2017-09-13

For achieving ultrafast switching speed and minimizing dissipation losses, the spin-based data storage device requires a control on effective damping (α eff ) of nanomagnetic bits. Incorporation of interfacial antidamping spin orbit torque (SOT) in spintronic devices therefore has high prospects for enhancing their performance efficiency. Clear evidence of such an interfacial antidamping is found in Al capped Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si (Py = Ni 81 Fe 19 and t W = thickness of β-W), which is in contrast to the increase of α eff (i.e., damping) usually associated with spin pumping as seen in Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si system. Because of spin pumping, the interfacial spin mixing conductance (g ↑↓ ) at Py/β-W interface and spin diffusion length (λ SD ) of β-W are found to be 1.63(±0.02) × 10 18 m -2 (1.44(±0.02) × 10 18 m -2 ) and 1.42(±0.19) nm (1.00(±0.10) nm) for Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si (β-W(t W )/Py(15 nm)/Si) bilayer systems. Other different nonmagnetic capping layers (CL), namely, β-W(2 nm), Cu(2 nm), and β-Ta(2,3,4 nm) were also grown over the same Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W ). However, antidamping is seen only in β-Ta(2,3 nm)/Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si. This decrease in α eff is attributed to the interfacial Rashba like SOT generated by nonequilibrium spin accumulation subsequent to the spin pumping. Contrary to this, when interlayer positions of Py(15 nm) and β-W(t W ) is interchanged irrespective of the fixed top nonmagnetic layer, an increase of α eff is observed, which is ascribed to spin pumping from Py to β-W layer.

Phase stability in the Nb-rich region of the Nb-B-Si system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunes, C.A.; Coelho, G.C.; Pinto, D.M. Jr.; Camargo Gandolpho, K.C. de; Borges, L.A. Jr.; Rodrigues, G. [Polo Urbo-Ind., Gleba, Lorena (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia de Materiais

2000-07-01

Alloys of the Me-B-Si systems (Me-refractory metal) have been evaluated due to their potential for use as high temperature structural materials (T>1400 C). In the present study, the phase stability in the Nb-rich region of the Nb-B-Si system has been evaluated in terms of the current information associated to the Nb-Si, Nb-B and Nb-B-Si systems as well as our own data. For the experiments several as-cast and heat-treated alloys of the Nb-B and Nb-B-Si systems were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Concerning the Nb-B system the results indicated the existence of the eutectic reaction L ({proportional_to} 16 at%B) <=> Nb{sub ss}+NbB. The Nb{sub 3}B{sub 2} phase was not observed in the microstructure of as-cast alloys with composition in the range of 0 to 50 at%B. The analysis of heat-treated ternary alloys at 1600 C and 1750 C confirmed the existence of the Nb{sub ss}+T{sub 2} two-phase field at those temperatures. This T{sub 2}-phase is isomorphous of the {alpha}Nb{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and is formed through the partial substitution of Si atomos for B atoms in the lattice of the {alpha}Nb{sub 5}Si{sub 3}-phase. All ternary alloys prepared in the present study presented either Nb{sub ss} or T{sub 2} primary phases in the as-cast microstructures. In addition, those alloys presented an eutectic-like microstructure formed by the Nb{sub ss} and T{sub 2} phases in the interdendritic region. (orig.)

Isothermal section of the Ti-Si-B system at 1250 ° C in the Ti-TiSi2-TiB2 region

OpenAIRE

Ramos, Alfeu Saraiva; Baldan, Renato; Nunes, Carlos Angelo; Coelho, Gilberto Carvalho; Suzuki, Paulo Atsushi; Rodrigues, Geovani

2013-01-01

A partial isothermal section (Ti-TiSi2-TiB2 region) of the ternary Ti-Si-B system at 1250 ° C was determined from heat-treated alloys prepared via arc melting. Microstructural characterization has been carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (xRD) and wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS). The results have shown the stability of the near stoichiometric Ti6Si2B phase and a negligible solubility of boron in the Ti-silicides as well as of Si in the Ti-borides...

The reduction of the change of secondary ions yield in the thin SiON/Si system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sameshima, J.; Yamamoto, H.; Hasegawa, T.; Nishina, T.; Nishitani, T.; Yoshikawa, K.; Karen, A.

2006-01-01

For the analyses of gate insulating materials of thin silicon oxy-nitride (SiON) and dielectric films, SIMS is one of the available tool along with TEM and ESCA, etc. Especially, to investigate the distribution of dopant in the thin films, SIMS is appreciably effective in these techniques because of its depth profiling capability and high sensitivity. One of the problem occurring in this SIMS measurement is the change of secondary ion yield at the interface as well as in the layers with different chemical composition. To solve this problem, some groups have researched the phenomenon for SiO 2 /Si interface [W. Vandervorst, T. Janssens, R. Loo, M. Caymax, I. Peytier, R. Lindsay, J. Fruhauf, A. Bergmaier, G. Dollinger, Appl. Surf. Sci. 203-204 (2003) 371-376; S. Hayashi, K.Yanagihara, Appl. Surf. Sci. 203-204 (2003) 339-342; M. Barozzi, D. Giubertoni, M.Anderle, M. Bersani, Appl. Surf. Sci. 231-232 (2004) 632-635; T.H. Buyuklimanli, J.W. Marino, S.W. Novak, Appl. Surf. Sci. 231-232 (2004) 636-639]. In the present study, profiles of boron and matrix elements in the Si/SiON layers on Si substrate have been investigated. The sensitivity change of Si and B profiles in SiON layer become smaller by using oxygen flood than those without oxygen flood for both O 2 + and Cs + beam. At the range of 0-25 at.% of N composition, 11 B dosimetry in SiON layer implanted through amorphous Si depends on N composition. This trend could be caused by the sensitivity change of 11 B, or it indicates real 11 B concentration change in SiON lyaer. N areal density determined by Cs + SIMS with oxygen flooding also shows linear relationship with N composition estimated by XPS

Fusibility diagram of ternary system with incongruently melting double compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lutsyk, V.I.; Vorob'eva, V.P.; Sumkina, O.G.

1989-01-01

Temperature calculation and properties of ternary eutectics and concentration coordinates of ternary peritectics accoriding to the linear model of initial crystallization surfaces as an element of the expert system for simulating fusibility diagrams of ternary systems is considered. It is shown that the calculated and experimental data on coordinates of ternary nonvariant points in the systems NaCl-PbCl 2 -CdCl 2 , PbCl 2 -CaCl 2 -UCl 4 , CaF 2 -NaF-CsF and UCl 3 -CaCl 2 -ThCl 4 are in good agreement

W and WSix Ohmic contacts on p- and n-type GaN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, X.A.; Ren, F.; Pearton, S.J.; Zeitouny, A.; Eizenberg, M.; Zolper, J.C.; Abernathy, C.R.; Han, J.; Shul, R.J.; Lothian, J.R.

1999-01-01

W and WSi Ohmic contacts on both p- and n-type GaN have been annealed at temperatures from 300 to 1000 degree C. There is minimal reaction (≤100 Angstrom broadening of the metal/GaN interface) even at 1000 degree C. Specific contact resistances in the 10 -5 Ω cm 2 range are obtained for WSi x on Si-implanted GaN with a peak doping concentration of ∼5x10 20 cm -3 , after annealing at 950 degree C. On p-GaN, leaky Schottky diode behavior is observed for W, WSi x and Ni/Au contacts at room temperature, but true Ohmic characteristics are obtained at 250 - 300 degree C, where the specific contact resistances are, typically, in the 10 -2 Ω cm 2 range. The best contacts for W and WSi x are obtained after 700 degree C annealing for periods of 30 - 120 s. The formation of β-W 2 N interfacial phases appear to be important in determining the contact quality. copyright 1999 American Vacuum Society

Preparation, characterization, and luminescence properties of dysprosium perchlorate with MABA-Si and phen or dipy complexes as well as SiO{sub 2}@Dy(MABA-Si)L core-shell structure nanometermeter luminescent composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Wen-Xian, E-mail: nmglwx@163.com [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021 (China); Zheng, Yu-Shan [Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Product Quality Inspection Institute, Hohhot 010010 (China); Cao, Xiao-fang; Bai, Juan; Fu, Zhi-Fang; Bao, Jin-Rong; Li, Yi-Lian [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021 (China)

2016-10-15

Two novel ternary rare earth complexes Dy(MABA-Si)·L{sub 2}(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}·2H{sub 2}O (L= Phen or Dipy) were prepared using HOOCC{sub 6}H{sub 4}N(CONH(CH{sub 2}){sub 3}Si-(OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}){sub 3}){sub 2} which was abbreviated or denoted as MABA-Si. MABA-Si was the first ligand, L was the second ligand. The corresponding two SiO{sub 2}@Dy(MABA-Si)L nanometermeter luminescent composites were synthesized as well, and the silica spheres is the core, and the ternary rare earth complex Dy(MABA-Si)·L{sub 2}(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}·2H{sub 2}O was the shell layer, who was abbreviated or denoted as Dy((MABA-Si)L). The ternary complexes have been characterized by element analysis, molar conductivity, IR spectra and {sup 1}HNMR spectra. The results showed that the chemical formula of the complex was Dy(MABA-Si)·L{sub 2}(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}·2H{sub 2}O. The fluorescent spectra illustrated that the complexes displayed its characteristic luminescence in solid state, and the luminescence was superior than Dy{sup 3+}. The core-shell structure of SiO{sub 2}@Dy(MABA-Si)L nanometermeter luminescent composite was characterized by SEM, TEM and IR spectra. Based on the SEM photographs, the core-shell structure particles showed its regular microstructure including smooth surface, and good dispersity. The ternary complex coated on the mono-dispersed SiO{sub 2} spheres by self-assembly. The fluorescent spectra illustrated that the core-shell structure of SiO{sub 2}@Dy(MABA-Si)L nanometermeter luminescent composites exhibited stronger fluorescent than the ternary complexes. The fluorescence lifetime of the complexes and core-shell structure composites was measured as well.

Sintering behaviour and phase relationships of Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics in the Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-SiO[sub 2]-MgO-Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] system. Sinterverhalten und Phasenbeziehungen von Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-Keramiken im System Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-SiO[sub 2]-MgO-Y[sub 2]O[sub 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mahoney, F.M.

1992-10-12

The aim of this work is the investigation of the sintering or crystallisation behaviour of Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics depending on the additive composition in the Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-SiO[sub 2]-MgO-Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] system. With regard to the complicated manufacturing process of sintered and heat-treated Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics, one should first determine which additive compositions make complete compression possible. The effect of the composition on the volume and the viscosity of the melting phase should be cleared up, where determining the Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] solubility relative to the additive composition is of special importance. The phase relationships between Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] and the possible crystalline secondary phases should be determined for the crystallisation behaviour. Due to the very fine distribution of only a 5-15% proportion of additive in conventional Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] samples, a characterisation of the secondary phases is difficult to carry out with X-ray or REM/EDX analysis. Therefore, experiments with oxy-nitridic model samples were carried out in this work, which have the same phase relationships as conventional Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] compositions, but with an appreciably higher proportion of additive. The possibility of transferring the results of the model samples were tested on examples of three Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics. (orig.)

TiO2, SiO2 and ZrO2 Nanoparticles Synergistically Provoke Cellular Oxidative Damage in Freshwater Microalgae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yinghan Liu

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs are the most widely used engineered nanomaterials. The individual toxicities of metal-based NPs have been plentifully studied. However, the mixture toxicity of multiple NP systems (n ≥ 3 remains much less understood. Herein, the toxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs, silicon dioxide (SiO2 NPs and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 NPs to unicellular freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus was investigated individually and in binary and ternary combination. Results show that the ternary combination systems of TiO2, SiO2 and ZrO2 NPs at a mixture concentration of 1 mg/L significantly enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species level in the algae. Moreover, the ternary NP systems remarkably increased the activity of the antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, together with an increase in lipid peroxidation products and small molecule metabolites. Furthermore, the observation of superficial structures of S. obliquus revealed obvious oxidative damage induced by the ternary mixtures. Taken together, the ternary NP systems exerted more severe oxidative stress in the algae than the individual and the binary NP systems. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of the assessment of the synergistic toxicity of multi-nanomaterial systems.

Self Passivating W-based Alloys as Plasma Facing Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koch, F.; Koeppl, S.; Bolt, H.

2007-01-01

Full text of publication follows: Tungsten (W) is presently the main candidate material for the plasma-facing protection of future fusion power reactors due to the low sputter erosion under bombardment by energetic D, T and He ions. Thus a W-based protection material may provide a wall erosion lifetime of the order of five years which is a pre-requisite for economic fusion reactor operation. A potential problem with the use of pure W in a fusion reactor is the formation of radioactive and highly volatile WO 3 compounds and their potential release under accidental conditions. A loss-of-coolant event in a He-cooled reactor would lead to a temperature rise to 1100 deg. C after approx. 10 to 30 days due to the nuclear decay heat of the in-vessel components. In such a situation additional accidental intense air ingress into the reactor vessel would lead to the formation of WO 3 and subsequent evaporation of radioactive (WO 3 ) x -clusters. The use of self passivating W alloys either as bulk material or as thick coating on the steel wall may be a passively safe alternative for the plasma-facing protection. The use of this material would eliminate the above mentioned concern related to pure W. To enable the formation of a protective film in oxidizing atmosphere which seals the tungsten surface from further oxidation, different elements have been investigated as corrosion protection additives. Therefore binary and ternary tungsten alloys were synthesised using magnetron sputtering. The oxidation behaviour of films deposited on inert substrates was measured with a thermo-balance set up under synthetic air at temperatures up to 1000 deg. C. Binary alloys of W-Si showed good self passivation properties by forming a SiO 2 film at the surface. The oxidation rate of a compound containing 11 wt.% Si was reduced by a factor of 10 2 compared to pure tungsten between 800 deg. C and 1000 deg. C. Using ternary alloys the oxidation behaviour could be further improved. A compound of W-Si

Yb-doped aluminophosphosilicate ternary fiber with high efficiency and excellent laser stability

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yuwei; Peng, Kun; Zhan, Huan; Liu, Shuang; Ni, Li; Wang, Yuying; Yu, Juan; Wang, Xiaolong; Wang, Jianjun; Jing, Feng; Lin, Aoxiang

2018-03-01

By using chelate precursor doping technique and traditional modified chemical vapor deposition system, we fabricated Yb-doped aluminophosphosilicate (Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2, ternary Yb-APS) large-mode-area fiber and reported on its laser performance. The fiber preform was doped with Al, P and Yb with concentration of ∼8000 ppm, ∼1700 ppm and ∼400 ppm in molar percent, respectively. Tested with master oscillator power amplifier system, the home-made Yb-APS fiber was found to present 1.02 kW at 1061.1 nm with a high slope efficiency of 81.2% and excellent laser stability with power fluctuation less than ±1.1% for over 10 h. Compared with Yb-doped aluminosilicate (Al2O3-SiO2, binary Yb-AS) fiber, the introduction of P2O5 effectively suppressed photodarkening effect even the P/Al ratio is much less than 1, indicating that Yb-APS fiber is a better candidate for high power fiber lasers.

Crystal Growth and Characterization of MT2Si2 Ternary Intermetallics (M = U, RE and T = 3d, 4d, 5d Transition Metals)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Menovsky, A.A.; Moleman, A.C.; Snel, G.E.; Gortenmulder, T.J.; Palstra, T.T.M.

1986-01-01

Bulk single crystals of the ternary intermetallic compounds UT2Si2 (T = Ni, Pd, Pt and Ru), LaT2Si2 (T = Pd and Rh) and LuPd2Si2 have been grown from the melt with a modified “tri-arc” Czochralski method. The as-grown crystals were characterized by X-ray, microprobe and chemical analyses. The

Pillarization of layer double hydroxides (Mg/Al with keggin type K4[α-SiW12O40]•nH2O and its application as adsorbent of procion red dye

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Intan Permata Sari

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Pillarization of layered double hydroxides with polyoxometalate K4[α-SiW12O40]•nH2O at various times i.e. 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours has been done. The pillared product was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer and XRD. The optimum pillared layered double hydroxides of polyoxometalate K4[α-SiW12O40]•nH2O was used as an adsorbent of procion red dye. The results of characterization using FT-IR spectrophotometer is not yet show the optimum pillarization process. The characterisation using XRD the successfully of pillared layered double hydroxides of polyoxometalate K4[α-SiW12O40]•nH2O showing the existence of diffraction angle 8.5o with intensity 355. Furthermore, the pillared layered double hydroxides of polyoxometalate K4[α-SiW12O40]•nH2O with time variation of 12 hours was applied as an adsorbent of procion red dye. The results show the adsorption rate was 0.523 min-1, the highest of absorption capacity at 70oC was 10.8 mol/g, the highest energy of absorption 70 oC was 125 kJ/mol. The enthalpy (∆H and entropy (∆S, decrease as the increasing concentration of procion red dye. Keywords: layered double hydroxides, polyoxometalate, pillaration, procion red, adsorption

A Josephson ternary associative memory cell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morisue, M.; Suzuki, K.

1989-01-01

This paper describes a three-valued content addressable memory cell using a Josephson complementary ternary logic circuit named as JCTL. The memory cell proposed here can perform three operations of searching, writing and reading in ternary logic system. The principle of the memory circuit is illustrated in detail by using the threshold-characteristics of the JCTL. In order to investigate how a high performance operation can be achieved, computer simulations have been made. Simulation results show that the cycle time of memory operation is 120psec, power consumption is about 0.5 μW/cell and tolerances of writing and reading operation are +-15% and +-24%, respectively

Ternary hybrid polymeric nanocomposites through grafting of polystyrene on graphene oxide-TiO_2 by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Arvind; Bansal, Ankushi; Behera, Babita; Jain, Suman L.; Ray, Siddharth S.

2016-01-01

A ternary hybrid of graphene oxide-titania-polystyrene (GO-TiO_2-PS) nanocomposite is developed where polystyrene composition is regulated by controlling growth of polymer chains and nanoarchitectonics is discussed. Graphene Oxide-TiO_2 (GO-TiO_2) nanocomposite is prepared by in-situ hydrothermal method and the surface is anchored with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide to activate GO-TiO_2 as initiator for polymerization. In-situ grafting of polystyrene through surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI- ATRP) on this Br-functionalized nano-composite initiator yields GO-TiO_2-PS ternary hybrid. Varying the monomer amount and keeping the concentration of initiator constant, polystyrene chain growth is regulated with narrow poly-dispersivity to achieve desired composition. This composite is well characterized by various analytical techniques like FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM, TEM, and TGA. - Highlights: • Nanocomposite of ternary hybrid of GO-TiO_2 with polystyrene. • PS is surface grafted on GO-TiO_2. • Polymer chain lengths are well regulated by SI-ATRP living polymerization. • Thermal stability of this hybrid is relatively high.

Effect of adding Si on shape memory effect in Co-Ni alloy system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou Weimin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China); Liu Yan [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Jiang Bohong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China)]. E-mail: bhjiang@sjtu.edu.cn; Zhou Pingnan [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China)

2006-11-25

In this paper, the effect of adding Si to Co-31.5 mass% Ni alloys on fcc-hcp martensitic transformation is investigated. The Co-Ni-Si ternary alloys with different amount of Si from 1 to 5 mass% were prepared. The stacking fault probability of Co-Ni-Si polycrystalline alloys were determined by X-ray diffraction profile analysis and compared with the binary Co-Ni alloy. The results show that the stacking fault probability of the fcc phase of alloys increases with increasing Si content. The effect of Si on phase transformation and shape memory behavior is evaluated. The experimental results show that both the critical strength and the shape memory effect of the ternary alloys will increase by the addition of Si. The improvement mechanism of the shape memory effect by adding Si to binary Co-Ni alloys is discussed.

Equilibrium phase diagram of the Ag-Au-Pb ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hassam, S.; Bahari, Z.

2005-01-01

The phase diagram of the ternary system Ag-Au-Pb has been established using differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Four vertical sections were studied: X Pb = 0.40, X Au /X Pb = 1/3, X Ag /X Au = 4/1 and X Ag /X Au = 1/1. Two ternary transitory peritectics and one ternary eutectic were characterized. A schematic representation of the ternary equilibria is given

Effects of alloying on Co--Si eutectoid structures and properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Livingston, J.D.

1976-01-01

The effects of various ternary alloying elements on the microstructure and properties of directionally solidified and transformed Co-Si eutectoid alloys were studied. Aligned eutectoid structures were maintained with additions of up to 10 at. percent Ni. However, higher Ni additions led to changes in both the silicide and solid-solution phases, related changes in microstructure, and decreased tensile strength. Additions of 5 at. percent Cr, Cu, Fe, or Mn produced cellular eutectoid microstructures which deteriorated the mechanical properties. Additions of W, Ta, or Al led to eutectic, rather than eutectoid, microstructures. Alloys based on the Co-W-Si eutectic appear to have the most promising high-temperature mechanical properties

Light coupling and distribution for Si3N4/SiO2 integrated multichannel single-mode sensing system

Science.gov (United States)

Kaźmierczak, Andrzej; Dortu, Fabian; Schrevens, Olivier; Giannone, Domenico; Bouville, David; Cassan, Eric; Gylfason, Kristinn B.; Sohlström, Hans; Sanchez, Benito; Griol, Amadeu; Hill, Daniel

2009-01-01

We present an efficient and highly alignment-tolerant light coupling and distribution system for a multichannel Si3N4/SiO2 single-mode photonics sensing chip. The design of the input and output couplers and the distribution splitters is discussed. Examples of multichannel data obtained with the system are given.

Alternative solution model for the ternary carbonate system CaCO3 - MgCO3 - FeCO3 - II. Calibration of a combined ordering model and mixing model

Science.gov (United States)

McSwiggen, P.L.

1993-01-01

Earlier attempts at solution models for the ternary carbonate system have been unable to adequately accommodate the cation ordering which occurs in some of the carbonate phases. The carbonate solution model of this study combines a Margules type of interaction model with a Bragg-Williams type of ordering model. The ordering model determines the equilibrium state of order for a crystal, from which the cation distribution within the lattice can be obtained. The interaction model addresses the effect that mixing different cation species within a given cation layer has on the total free energy of the system. An ordering model was derived, based on the Bragg-Williams approach; it is applicable to ternary systems involving three cations substituting on two sites, and contains three ordering energy parameters (WCaMg, WCaFe, and WCaMgFe). The solution model of this study involves six Margules-type interaction parameters (W12, W21, W13, W31, W23, and W32). Values for the two sets of energy parameters were calculated from experimental data and from compositional relationships in natural assemblages. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.

Self-Powered UV-Near Infrared Photodetector Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/n-Si Vertical Heterojunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Guanghui; Liu, Lin; Wu, Guan; Chen, Wei; Qin, Sujie; Wang, Yi; Zhang, Ting

2016-09-01

A novel self-powered photodetector based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/n-Si p-n vertical heterojunction with high sensitivity and fast response time is presented. The photodetector contains a p-n vertical heterojunction between a drop-casted rGO thin film and n-Si. Contacts between the semiconductor layer (rGO, n-Si) and source-drain Ti/Au electrodes allow efficient transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. The self-powered UV-near infrared photodetector shows high sensitivity toward a spectrum of light from 365 to 1200 nm. Under the 600 nm illumination (0.81 mW cm -2 ), the device has a photoresponsivity of 1.52 A W -1 , with fast response and recover time (2 ms and 3.7 ms), and the ON/OFF ratios exceed 10 4 when the power density reaches ≈2.5 mW cm -2 . The high photoresponse primarily arises from the built-in electric field formed at the interface of n-Si and rGO film. The effect of rGO thickness, rGO reduction level, and layout of rGO/n-Si effective contact area on device performance are also systematically investigated. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Bis(tri-n-hexylsilyl oxide) silicon phthalocyanine: a unique additive in ternary bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices.

Science.gov (United States)

Lessard, Benoît H; Dang, Jeremy D; Grant, Trevor M; Gao, Dong; Seferos, Dwight S; Bender, Timothy P

2014-09-10

Previous studies have shown that the use of bis(tri-n-hexylsilyl oxide) silicon phthalocyanine ((3HS)2-SiPc) as an additive in a P3HT:PC61BM cascade ternary bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (BHJ OPV) device results in an increase in the short circuit current (J(SC)) and efficiency (η(eff)) of up to 25% and 20%, respectively. The previous studies have attributed the increase in performance to the presence of (3HS)2-SiPc at the BHJ interface. In this study, we explored the molecular characteristics of (3HS)2-SiPc which makes it so effective in increasing the OPV device J(SC) and η(eff. Initially, we synthesized phthalocyanine-based additives using different core elements such as germanium and boron instead of silicon, each having similar frontier orbital energies compared to (3HS)2-SiPc and tested their effect on BHJ OPV device performance. We observed that addition of bis(tri-n-hexylsilyl oxide) germanium phthalocyanine ((3HS)2-GePc) or tri-n-hexylsilyl oxide boron subphthalocyanine (3HS-BsubPc) resulted in a nonstatistically significant increase in JSC and η(eff). Secondly, we kept the silicon phthalocyanine core and substituted the tri-n-hexylsilyl solubilizing groups with pentadecyl phenoxy groups and tested the resulting dye in a BHJ OPV. While an increase in JSC and η(eff) was observed at low (PDP)2-SiPc loadings, the increase was not as significant as (3HS)2-SiPc; therefore, (3HS)2-SiPc is a unique additive. During our study, we observed that (3HS)2-SiPc had an extraordinary tendency to crystallize compared to the other compounds in this study and our general experience. On the basis of this observation, we have offered a hypothesis that when (3HS)2-SiPc migrates to the P3HT:PC61BM interface the reason for its unique performance is not solely due to its frontier orbital energies but also might be due to a high driving force for crystallization.

Experimental investigation of the Ag–Bi–I ternary system and thermodynamic properties of the ternary phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mashadieva, Leyla F.; Aliev, Ziya S.; Shevelkov, Andrei V.; Babanly, Mahammad B.

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► The self-consistent phase diagram of the Ag–Bi–I system is constructed. ► Ag 2 BiI 5 and AgBi 2 I 7 are the only ternary phases of the system. ► Standard thermodynamic functions of formation and the standard entropies of Ag 2 BiI 5 and AgBi 2 I 7 are calculated. - Abstract: The phase equilibriums in the Ag–Bi–I ternary system and thermodynamic properties of the ternary phases were experimentally determined by using DTA and XRD techniques and EMF measurements with the Ag 4 RbI 5 solid electrolyte. According to the obtained experimental results, the polythermal sections of the ternary phase diagram, its isothermal section at 300 K as well as the projection of the liquids surface have been revised. The fields of the primary crystallization and types and coordinates of nonvariant and monovariant equilibriums were determined. The partial molar functions of silver iodide and silver in the alloys as well as the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and the standard entropies of Ag 2 BiI 5 and AgBi 2 I 7 were calculated based on EMF measurements.

Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficient estimation for ternary systems: an ideal ternary alcohol system.

Science.gov (United States)

Allie-Ebrahim, Tariq; Zhu, Qingyu; Bräuer, Pierre; Moggridge, Geoff D; D'Agostino, Carmine

2017-06-21

The Maxwell-Stefan model is a popular diffusion model originally developed to model diffusion of gases, which can be considered thermodynamically ideal mixtures, although its application has been extended to model diffusion in non-ideal liquid mixtures as well. A drawback of the model is that it requires the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients, which are not based on measurable quantities but they have to be estimated. As a result, numerous estimation methods, such as the Darken model, have been proposed to estimate these diffusion coefficients. However, the Darken model was derived, and is only well defined, for binary systems. This model has been extended to ternary systems according to two proposed forms, one by R. Krishna and J. M. van Baten, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2005, 44, 6939-6947 and the other by X. Liu, T. J. H. Vlugt and A. Bardow, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2011, 50, 10350-10358. In this paper, the two forms have been analysed against the ideal ternary system of methanol/butan-1-ol/propan-1-ol and using experimental values of self-diffusion coefficients. In particular, using pulsed gradient stimulated echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PGSTE-NMR) we have measured the self-diffusion coefficients in various methanol/butan-1-ol/propan-1-ol mixtures. The experimental values of self-diffusion coefficients were then used as the input data required for the Darken model. The predictions of the two proposed multicomponent forms of this model were then compared to experimental values of mutual diffusion coefficients for the ideal alcohol ternary system. This experimental-based approach showed that the Liu's model gives better predictions compared to that of Krishna and van Baten, although it was only accurate to within 26%. Nonetheless, the multicomponent Darken model in conjunction with self-diffusion measurements from PGSTE-NMR represents an attractive method for a rapid estimation of mutual diffusion in multicomponent systems, especially when compared to exhaustive

High-field superconductivity in the Nb-Ti-Zr ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ralls, K.M.; Rose, R.M.; Wulff, J.

1980-01-01

Resistive critical current densities, critical fields, and normal-state electrical resistivities were obtained at 4.2 0 K for 55 alloys in the Nb-Ti-Zr ternary alloy system, excepting Ti-Zr binary compositions. The resistive critical field as a function of ternary composition has a saddle point between the Nb-Ti and Nb-Zr binaries, so that ternary alloying in this system is not expected to result in higher critical fields than the binary alloys

High-field superconductivity in the Nb-Ti-Zr ternary system

Science.gov (United States)

Ralls, K. M.; Rose, R. M.; Wulff, J.

1980-06-01

Resistive critical current densities, critical fields, and normal-state electrical resistivities were obtained at 4.2 °K for 55 alloys in the Nb-Ti-Zr ternary alloy system, excepting Ti-Zr binary compositions. The resistive critical field as a function of ternary composition has a saddle point between the Nb-Ti and Nb-Zr binaries, so that ternary alloying in this system is not expected to result in higher critical fields than the binary alloys.

Analysis of phase formation in Ni-rich alloys of the Ni-Ta-W system by calorimetry, DTA, SEM, and TEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Witusiewicz, V.T.; Hecht, U.; Warnken, N.; Fries, S.G. [Access e.V., Aachen (Germany); Hu Weiping [Inst. fuer Metallkunde und Metallphysik der RWTH Aachen (Germany)

2006-04-15

The partial enthalpies of dissolution of pure Ni, W and Ta in liquid ternary Ni-Ta-W alloys have been determined at (1773 {+-} 5) K using a high temperature isoperibolic calorimeter. Measurements were performed in Ni-rich alloys (from 80 to 100 at.% Ni) along sections with constant Ta:W atomic ratios 1:0, 2:1, 1:2, and 0:1. The partial enthalpies and thereby the integral enthalpy of mixing of these ternary alloys are calculated from the partial enthalpies of dissolution using SGTE Gibbs energies for pure elements as reference. The obtained thermochemical data confirm that in the investigated Ni-rich alloys the binary interactions between Ta and W as well as the ternary Ni-Ta-W interactions are negligibly small. Due to this the variation of the integral enthalpy of mixing of the ternary alloys is well described as linear combination of the constituent Ni-Ta and Ni-W binaries. Such behaviour of the ternary liquid alloys is related to a very low probability of new ternary stable phases to occur in solid state. This prediction is confirmed by differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy of the as-solidified and annealed samples obtained as last alloy compositions in the series of calorimetric dissolution. (orig.)

Ytterbium doped silicon clusters YbSi{sub n} (n = 4–10) and their anions: Structures, thermochemistry, and electron affinities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xie, Xiaohong [School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051 (China); Hao, Dongsheng [School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051 (China); School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051 (China); Yang, Jucai, E-mail: yangjc@imut.edu.cn [School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051 (China); School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051 (China)

2015-11-05

Highlights: • The ground-state structure of YbSi{sub n} and its anion is substitutional structure. • The four DFT AEAs are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. • Theoretical AEA of 2.33 eV of YbSi{sub 9} is more reasonable than the experimental 2.60 eV. • Hardness analysis reveals that doping Yb to Si{sub n} raises photochemical sensitivity. • Relative stabilities of YbSi{sub n} and their anions are examined. - Abstract: The structures, electron affinities, dissociation energies, hardness, and dipole moments of YbSi{sub n} (n = 4–10) and their anions were examined using B3LYP, TPSSh, PBE and wB97X methods. The lowest-energy structures can be regarded as replacing a Si of the ground-state structure of Si{sub n+1} with a Yb atom. The theoretical adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) of YbSi{sub n} are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The average absolute errors from experiment are by 0.08, 0.07, 0.05 and 0.08 eV at the B3LYP, the TPSSh, the PBE and the wB97X levels, respectively. Theoretical AEAs of 2.33 ± 0.05 eV for YbSi{sub 9} are more reliable than the experimental value of 2.60 ± 0.05 eV. The hardness analysis reveals that doping Yb atom to Si{sub n} (n = 4–10) clusters raises the photochemical sensitivity. The dissociation energies of Yb atom from YbSi{sub n} and their anions were calculated to examine relative stabilities.

Acceleration of Fe2W precipitation and its effect on creep deformation behavior of 8.5Cr-2W-VNb steels with Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujitsuna, N.; Igarashi, M.; Abe, F.

2000-01-01

The effect of Si on the precipitation behavior of M 23 C 6 and Fe 2 W Laves phase during creep and on the creep deformation behavior was studied on 8.5Cr-2W-VNb steels at 650 C for up to 10000 h. During creep and aging, Fe 2 W Laves phase precipitated and then the amount and the mean particle size of Fe 2 W precipitates became larger with increasing Si concentration, while the amount and the mean size of M 23 C 6 was scarcely changed by the addition of Si. It was cleared that Si-addition influence more strongly on the precipitation of Fe 2 W than M 23 C 6 . The creep rupture strength of the steels increased with increasing Si concentration at high stresses and short rupture times less than 2000 h, while it had a maximum at 0.3% Si and then decreased with increasing Si concentration at low stresses and long rupture times longer than 2000 h. The decrease of creep rate in the acceleration creep region was more significant by Si-addition, and the minimum creep rate was decreased by Si-addition at all stress conditions. The change in creep deformation behavior by Si-addition resulted mainly from the change in precipitation behavior of Fe 2 W, such that the decrease of creep rate in transient creep region is more significant by acceleration of Fe 2 W precipitating on the lath boundary to suppress the recovery of the lath structure and that the extreme increase of creep rate after reaching a minimum creep rate and the decrease of duration of acceleration creep region occurred with coarsening of Fe 2 W. (orig.)

High-Efficient Circuits for Ternary Addition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reza Faghih Mirzaee

2014-01-01

Full Text Available New ternary adders, which are fundamental components of ternary addition, are presented in this paper. They are on the basis of a logic style which mostly generates binary signals. Therefore, static power dissipation reaches its minimum extent. Extensive different analyses are carried out to examine how efficient the new designs are. For instance, the ternary ripple adder constructed by the proposed ternary half and full adders consumes 2.33 μW less power than the one implemented by the previous adder cells. It is almost twice faster as well. Due to their unique superior characteristics for ternary circuitry, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors are used to form the novel circuits, which are entirely suitable for practical applications.

Thermal stability and electrical characteristics of NiSi films with electroplated Ni(W) alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xin Yuhang; Hu Anmin; Li Ming; Mao Dali

2011-01-01

In this study, an electroplating method to deposited Ni, crystalline NiW(c-NiW), amorphous NiW (a-NiW) films on P-type Si(1 0 0) were used to form Ni-silicide (NiSi) films. After annealed at various temperatures, sheet resistance of Ni/Cu, c-NiW/Cu and a-NiW/Cu was measured to observe the performance of those diffusion barrier layers. With W added in the barrier layer, the barrier performance was improved. The results of XRD and resistance measurement of the stacked Si/Ni(W)/Cu films reveal that Cu atom could diffuse through Ni barrier layer at 450 deg. C, could diffuse through c-NiW at 550 deg. C, but could hardly diffuse through a-NiW barrier layer. c-NiW layer has a better barrier performance than Ni layer, meanwhile the resistance is lower than a-NiW layer.

Solid-state reactions during mechanical alloying of ternary Fe-Al-X (X=Ni, Mn, Cu, Ti, Cr, B, Si) systems: A review

Science.gov (United States)

Hadef, Fatma

2016-12-01

The last decade has witnessed an intensive research in the field of nanocrystalline materials due to their enhanced properties. A lot of processing techniques were developed in order to synthesis these novel materials, among them mechanical alloying or high-energy ball milling. In fact, mechanical alloying is one of the most common operations in the processing of solids. It can be used to quickly and easily synthesize a variety of technologically useful materials which are very difficult to manufacture by other techniques. One advantage of MA over many other techniques is that is a solid state technique and consequently problems associated with melting and solidification are bypassed. Special attention is being paid to the synthesis of alloys through reactions mainly occurring in solid state in many metallic ternary Fe-Al-X systems, in order to improve mainly Fe-Al structural and mechanical properties. The results show that nanocrystallization is the common result occurring in all systems during MA process. The aim of this work is to illustrate the uniqueness of MA process to induce phase transformation in metallic Fe-Al-X (X=Ni, Mn, Cu, Ti, Cr, B, Si) systems.

GaN transistors on Si for switching and high-frequency applications

Science.gov (United States)

Ueda, Tetsuzo; Ishida, Masahiro; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi; Ueda, Daisuke

2014-10-01

In this paper, recent advances of GaN transistors on Si for switching and high-frequency applications are reviewed. Novel epitaxial structures including superlattice interlayers grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) relieve the strain and eliminate the cracks in the GaN over large-diameter Si substrates up to 8 in. As a new device structure for high-power switching application, Gate Injection Transistors (GITs) with a p-AlGaN gate over an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure successfully achieve normally-off operations maintaining high drain currents and low on-state resistances. Note that the GITs on Si are free from current collapse up to 600 V, by which the drain current would be markedly reduced after the application of high drain voltages. Highly efficient operations of an inverter and DC-DC converters are presented as promising applications of GITs for power switching. The high efficiencies in an inverter, a resonant LLC converter, and a point-of-load (POL) converter demonstrate the superior potential of the GaN transistors on Si. As for high-frequency transistors, AlGaN/GaN heterojuction field-effect transistors (HFETs) on Si designed specifically for microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies demonstrate a sufficiently high output power at these frequencies. Output powers of 203 W at 2.5 GHz and 10.7 W at 26.5 GHz are achieved by the fabricated GaN transistors. These devices for switching and high-frequency applications are very promising as future energy-efficient electronics because of their inherent low fabrication cost and superior device performance.

Characterization of electrical resistivity as a function of temperature in the Mo-Si-B system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beckman, Sarah E.

1999-01-01

Measurements of electrical resistivity as a function of temperature from 25 to 1,500 C were conducted on polycrystalline samples in the Mo-Si-B system. Single phase, or nearly single phase, samples were prepared for the following phases: Mo 3 Si, Mo 5 SiB 2 , Mo 5 Si 3 B x , MoB, MoSi 2 , and Mo 5 Si 3 . Thesis materials all exhibit resistivity values within a narrow range(4--22 x 10 -7 Omega-m), and the low magnitude suggests these materials are semi-metals or low density of states metals. With the exception of MoSi 2 , all single phase materials in this study were also found to have low temperature coefficient of resistivity(TCR) values. These values ranged from 2.10 x 10 -10 to 4.74 x 10 -10 Omega-m/degree C, and MoSi 2 had a TCR of 13.77 x 10 -10 Omega-m/degree C. The results from the single phase sample measurements were employed in a natural log rule-of-mixtures model to relate the individual phase resistivity values to those of multiphase composites. Three Mo-Si-B phase regions were analyzed: the binary Mo 5 Si 3 -MoSi 2 system, the ternary phase field Mo 5 Si 3 B x MoB-MoSi 2 , and the Mo 3 Si-Mo 5 SiB 2 -Mo 5 Si 3 B x ternary region. The experimental data for samples in each of these regions agreed with the natural log model and illustrated that this model can predict the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature of multi-phase, sintered samples within an error of one standard deviation

EM study of crystallography and phase relationships in the Be/sub 3/N/sub 2/--BeSiN/sub 2/ system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shaw, T.M.

1977-12-01

Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction have been used to examine structural aspects of phases along the BeSiN/sub 2/-Be/sub 3/N/sub 2/ tie line of the Be-Si-O-N system. Electron diffraction experiments are found to substantiate previous x-ray evidence for the derived structures of BeSiN/sub 2/, ..beta.. Be/sub 3/N/sub 2/, ..cap alpha.. Be/sub 3/N/sub 2/ and the presence of a number of long period superstructures at intermediate compositions. Real space observations using direct fringe and structure imaging techniques have been made and are in agreement with the 15R polytype structure derived from x-ray diffraction data. In addition, these observations indicate that beryllium atoms are preferentially sited in cubic stacked layers, allowing the polytype structures to be described as a coherent intergrowth of layers of the BeSiN/sub 2/ and ..beta.. Be/sub 3/N/sub 2/ structure. Further observations made on a non stoichiometric BeSiN/sub 2/ sample suggests that alternatively the polytypes may be described in terms of a regularly faulted BeSiN/sub 2/ structure. Each fault changes the coordination of tetrahedral sites from base sharing to edge sharing in the fault, allowing excess beryllium atoms to be accommodated in the close packed nitrogen lattice. For larger deviations from the BeSiN/sub 2/ stoichiometric composition a higher density of faults occur which interact to form ordered arrangements and the observed polytype structures. The present observations establish that polytypism in the Be-Si-N system is related to the general phenomenon of crystallographic shear as observed in other complex oxide and ceramic systems. It is suggested that similar faulting may account for the polytype structures in other Sialon systems.

Processes and procedures for a thin film multilevel hybrid circuit metallization system based on W--Au/SiO2/Al/SiO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hampy, R.E.; Knauss, G.L.; Komarek, E.E.; Kramer, D.K.; Villanueva, J.

1976-04-01

The processes and procedures developed for the deposition and photodefinition of a W-Au/SiO 2 /Al/SiO 2 hybrid circuit metallization system for the SLL Micro Actuator are described. The metallization system affords a high degree of miniaturization and permits effective interconnection of a mixture of semiconductor devices and passive components with both gold and aluminum terminations without creating undesirable gold-aluminum interfaces. Sputtered tungsten-gold is the first level conductor except at crossovers where tungsten only is used and aluminum is the second level conductor. Silicon dioxide serves as an insulator between the tungsten and aluminum for crossovers. Vias in the insulating layer permit tungsten-aluminum interconnections where desired. A second layer of silicon dioxide is deposited over the metallization and opened for all gold and aluminum bonding pads. Substrates used were polished sapphire and fine grained alumina. The metallization is capable of withstanding processing temperatures up to 400 0 C for short times

Induced electrostatic confinement of electron gas in W-designed strain-compensated Si/Si1-x Ge x /Si type-II quantum wells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sfina, N.; Lazzari, J.-L.; Christol, P.; Cuminal, Y.; Said, M.

2006-01-01

We present a numerical modeling of the conduction- and the valence-band diagrams of W designed Si/Si 0.4 Ge 0.6 /Si type II quantum wells. These W structures, strain-compensated on relaxed Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 pseudo-substrates, are potentially interesting for emission and photo-detection around a 1.55μm wavelength. Two main features have been extrapolated by solving self-consistently Schroedinger and Poisson equations, taking into account the electrostatic attraction induced by carrier injection: (i) Coulomb attraction strongly modifies the band profiles and increases the electron probability density at the quantum well interfaces. (ii) The injected carrier concentration enhances the in-plane oscillator strength and the electron-hole wave-function overlap

Thermal neutron radiative capture cross-section of 186W(n, γ)187W reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tan, V H; Son, P N

2016-01-01

The thermal neutron radiative capture cross section for 186 W(n, γ) 187 W reaction was measured by the activation method using the filtered neutron beam at the Dalat research reactor. An optimal composition of Si and Bi, in single crystal form, has been used as neutron filters to create the high-purity filtered neutron beam with Cadmium ratio of R cd = 420 and peak energy E n = 0.025 eV. The induced activities in the irradiated samples were measured by a high resolution HPGe digital gamma-ray spectrometer. The present result of cross section has been determined relatively to the reference value of the standard reaction 197 Au(n, γ) 198 Au. The necessary correction factors for gamma-ray true coincidence summing, and thermal neutron self-shielding effects were taken into account in this experiment by Monte Carlo simulations. (paper)

Density-Driven segregation in Binary and Ternary Granular Systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Windows-Yule, Kit; Parker, David

2015-01-01

We present a first experimental study of density-induced segregation within a three-dimensional, vibrofluidised, ternary granular system. Using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT), we study the steady-state particle distributions achieved by binary and ternary granular beds under a variety of

„Biblioteka ucząca się” – zmiany w organizacji i systemie zarządzania w Bibliotece Uniwersytetu Finlandii Wschodniej

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hanna Grabowska

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Zmieniające się, dynamiczne i wymagające otoczenie współczesnej biblioteki naukowej wywiera nacisk na procesy innowacyjne związane ze zmianami modelu zarządzania. Tematem artykułu są zmiany w organizacji i systemie zarządzania w Bibliotece Uniwersytetu Finlandii Wschodniej przeprowadzone w związku z fuzją poszczególnych jednostek bibliotecznych. W artykule opisano przeobrażenia na poziomie struktury organizacyjnej, polityki gromadzenia, przechowywania i udostępniania zbiorów oraz w zakresie zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi w kontekście koncepcji organizacji uczącej się, która potrafi funkcjonować w niestabilnym otoczeniu, dostosowuje się do zmian, ale także poszukuje alternatywy zapewniającej ciągłość i rozwój organizacji.

The ternary system nickel-nobium-carbon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stadelmaier, H.H.; Fiedler, M.L.

1975-01-01

The ternary system nickel-niobium-carbon was studied by metallographic and X-ray diffraction methods to produce a liquidus projection and an isothermal section at 1,100 0 C. The liquidus projection is dominated by a wide field of primary NbC that extends far into the nickel corner of the composition triangle. Only one ternary compound is observed in this system, an eta-carbide formed in a peritectoid reaction. It has a narrow homogeneity range at Ni 2 Nb 4 C, and its lattice constant in alloys quenched from 1,100 0 C varies between 11.659 and 11.667 A. No eta-carbide Ni 3 Nb 3 C or Ni 6 Nb 6 could be detected. (orig.) [de

Constitution of the ternary system Cr–Ni–Ti

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krendelsberger, Natalja; Weitzer, Franz; Du, Yong; Schuster, Julius C.

2013-01-01

Highlights: •Reaction scheme and liquidus surface for Cr-Ni-Ti are given. •In the ternary the C14-type Laves phase coexists with the liquid phase. •Two ternary eutectics are identified. -- Abstract: The nature of solid–liquid phase equilibria in the ternary system Cr–Ni–Ti was investigated using electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. Literature data on solid state phase equilibria are confirmed. The Cr 2 Ti Laves phase modifications coexisting with Ni–Ti phases are clarified to be hexagonal C14-type and cubic C15-type. The C14-type Laves phase γCr 2 Ti is found to coexist with the liquid phase. It forms in the pseudobinary peritectic reaction p max1 from L + β(Cr,Ti) at 1389 °C. On further cooling γCr 2 Ti + NiTi solidify at 1202 °C in the pseudobinary eutectic e max2 . In the Cr-rich part of the system ternary eutectics occur at 1216 °C (E 1 : L = Ni 3 Ti + (Ni) + β(Cr,Ti)) and 1100 °C (E 2 : L = NiTi + Ni 3 Ti + β(Cr,Ti)), respectively. No ternary eutectic is found in the Ti-rich part. Rather the eutectic trough ends in the binary eutectic L = NiTi 2 + β(Ti)

LiCa{sub 3}Si{sub 2}N{sub 5} - A Lithium nitridosilicate with a [Si{sub 2}N{sub 5}]{sup 7-} double-chain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lupart, Saskia; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Festkoerperchemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen (Germany)

2012-10-15

The lithium nitridosilicate LiCa{sub 3}Si{sub 2}N{sub 5} was synthesized by the reaction of calcium with Si(NH){sub 2} and Li{sub 3}N in weld shut tantalum ampoules at 900 C. The structure of LiCa{sub 3}Si{sub 2}N{sub 5} [space group C2/c, no. 15, a = 5.1454(10), b = 20.380(4), c = 10.357(2) Aa, β = 91.24(3) , wR{sub 2} = 0.1084, 863 data, 102 parameters] consists of [Si{sub 2}N{sub 5}]{sup 7-} double-chains including edge-sharing tetrahedra. The lithium atoms in the crystal structure are situated in strands along the crystallographic b axis. Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical composition. The {sup 29}Si and {sup 7}Li solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopic investigations are reported. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Stress engineering in GaN structures grown on Si(111) substrates by SiN masking layer application

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szymański, Tomasz, E-mail: tomasz.szymanski@pwr.edu.pl; Wośko, Mateusz; Paszkiewicz, Bogdan; Paszkiewicz, Regina [The Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocaw University of Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw (Poland); Drzik, Milan [International Laser Center, Ilkovicova 3, 841-04 Bratislava 4 (Slovakia)

2015-07-15

GaN layers without and with an in-situ SiN mask were grown by using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy for three different approaches used in GaN on silicon(111) growth, and the physical and optical properties of the GaN layers were studied. For each approach applied, GaN layers of 1.4 μm total thickness were grown, using silan SiH{sub 4} as Si source in order to grow Si{sub x}N{sub x} masking layer. The optical micrographs, scanning electron microscope images, and atomic force microscope images of the grown samples revealed cracks for samples without SiN mask, and micropits, which were characteristic for the samples grown with SiN mask. In situ reflectance signal traces were studied showing a decrease of layer coalescence time and higher degree of 3D growth mode for samples with SiN masking layer. Stress measurements were conducted by two methods—by recording micro-Raman spectra and ex-situ curvature radius measurement—additionally PLs spectra were obtained revealing blueshift of PL peak positions with increasing stress. The authors have shown that a SiN mask significantly improves physical and optical properties of GaN multilayer systems reducing stress in comparison to samples grown applying the same approaches but without SiN masking layer.

Phase relationships in the quasi-ternary LaO1.5–SiO2–MgO system at 1773 K

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kiyoshi Kobayashi and Yoshio Sakka

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Phase relationships in the LaO1.5–SiO2–MgO quasi-ternary system at 1773 K were investigated by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD analysis applying single- and multiple-phase Rietveld methods. Most of the formed phases satisfied the Gibbs' phase rule, except for the samples containing LaO1.5 and a liquid phase at 1773 K. The detection of segregated MgO phases was difficult in the XRD profiles of the compositional samples around the oxyapatite single phase because the MgO peaks were weak and heavily overlapped by peaks from the oxyapatite and La(OH3 phases. The solid solubility limit of MgO in oxyapatite was determined not only from the chemical composition of the oxyapatite phase, which was confirmed by XRD, but also from several phase boundary compositions among the two-phase and three-phase regions based on the Gibbs' phase rule. Formation of a liquid phase at 1773 K was observed in a wide range of compositions and considered when constructing the phase diagram.

Analytical determination of distillation boundaries for ternary azeotropic systems

OpenAIRE

Marcilla Gomis, Antonio; Reyes Labarta, Juan Antonio; Velasco, Raúl; Serrano Cayuelas, María Dolores; Olaya López, María del Mar

2009-01-01

A new straight forward algorithm to calculate distillation boundaries in ternary azeotropic systems has been developed. The proposed method allows, using cubic splines, the calculation of distillation trajectories and the calculation of that corresponding to the searched distillation boundaries. The algorithm is applied to 4 ternary liquid-vapour systems to test its validity. Vicepresidency of Research (University of Alicante) and Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2007/125)

Growth and properties of Al-rich InxAl1-xN ternary alloy grown on GaN template by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oh, Tae Su; Suh, Eun-Kyung; Kim, Jong Ock; Jeong, Hyun; Lee, Yong Seok; Nagarajan, S; Lim, Kee Young; Hong, Chang-Hee

2008-01-01

An Al-rich In x Al 1-x N ternary alloy was grown on a GaN template by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The GaN template was fabricated on a c-plane sapphire with a low temperature GaN nucleation layer. The growth of the 300 nm thick In x Al 1-x N layer was carried out under various growth temperatures and pressures. The surface morphology and the InN molar fraction of the In x Al 1-x N layer were assessed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution x-ray diffraction, respectively. The AFM surface images of the In x Al 1-x N ternary alloy exhibited quantum dot-like grains caused by the 3D island growth mode. The grains, however, disappeared rapidly by increasing diffusion length and mobility of the Al adatoms with increasing growth temperature and the full width at half maximum value of ternary peaks in HR-XRD decreased with decreasing growth pressure. The MOCVD growth condition with the increased growth temperature and decreased growth pressure would be effective to grow the In x Al 1-x N ternary alloy with a smooth surface and improved quality. The optical band edge of In x Al 1-x N ternary alloys was estimated by optical absorbance and, based on the results of HR-XRD and optical absorbance measurements, we obtained the bowing parameter of the In x Al 1-x N ternary alloy at b = 5.3 eV, which was slightly larger than that of previous reports

Effect on strength of ternary alloying additions in L12 intermetallics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Yuanpang.

1991-01-01

The thermodynamic properties of {111} antiphase boundaries (APBs) as well as the site preference of ternary additions in an A 3 B intermetallic with L1 2 structure are studied, using a thermodynamic model. A survey of the results from a variety of ternary alloying additions to Ni 3 Al has shown that there is a conflict in the actual role which solid solution strengthening plays in the athermal increment of yield strength. For instance, a good quantitative agreement with linear concentration law is observed only in alloys with stoichiometric compositions but not in the general case of non-stoichiometric alloys. In the light of the possibility that micro-segregation could explain the experimental discrepancy, the author extends the binary solid solution strengthening theory to the ternary system in an L1 2 structure for the four real systems of Ni-Al-Si, Ni-Al-Ti, Ni-Al-Hf, and Ni-Al-V. It is found that ternary site preference plays an important role in the ternary solid solution strengthening theory with L1 2 structure. Good quantitative agreement was found between the calculated and experimentally measured strength for both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric alloys

Magnetic transition induced by mechanical deformation in Fe{sub 60}Al{sub 40−x}Si{sub x} ternary alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Legarra, E., E-mail: estibaliz.legarra@ehu.es [Dpto. Electricidad y Electronica, Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), CP. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Apiñaniz, E. [Dpto. Fisica Aplicada I, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao (Spain); Plazaola, F. [Dpto. Electricidad y Electronica, Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), CP. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Jimenez, J.A. [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM), Avda. Gregorio del amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

2014-02-15

Highlights: • Fe{sub 60}Al{sub 40−x}Si{sub x} alloys were disordered by means of planetary ball milling technique. • Paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition is observed with disordering. • Si addition hinders the disordering process and the increase of the lattice parameter. • Si addition promotes the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition. -- Abstract: We have used Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to study the influence of different Al/Si ratios on the structural and magnetic properties of the mechanically deformed Fe{sub 60}Al{sub 40−x}Si{sub x} alloys. The results indicate that ternary alloys also present the magnetic transition with disordering observed in binary Fe{sub 60}Al{sub 40} alloys. Besides, Si introduction has two opposite contributions. From a structural point of view, hinders the disordering process, but, from a magnetic point of view promotes the magnetic transition.

Ternary particle yields in 249Cf(nth,f)

Science.gov (United States)

Tsekhanovich, I.; Büyükmumcu, Z.; Davi, M.; Denschlag, H. O.; Gönnenwein, F.; Boulyga, S. F.

2003-03-01

An experiment measuring ternary particle yields in 249Cf(nth,f) was carried out at the high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin using the Lohengrin recoil mass separator. Parameters of energy distributions were determined for 27 ternary particles up to 30Mg and their yields were calculated. The yields of 17 further ternary particles were estimated on the basis of the systematics developed. The heaviest particles observed in the experiment are 37Si and 37S; their possible origin is discussed.

Boosting the Visible-Light Photoactivity of BiOCl/BiVO4/N-GQD Ternary Heterojunctions Based on Internal Z-Scheme Charge Transfer of N-GQDs: Simultaneous Band Gap Narrowing and Carrier Lifetime Prolonging.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Mingyue; Liu, Qian; Chen, Wei; Yin, Yuanyuan; Ge, Lan; Li, Henan; Wang, Kun

2017-11-08

The efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in photoactive materials is highly desired, allowing their transfer to specific sites for undergoing redox reaction in various applications. The construction of ternary heterojunctions is a practical strategy to enhance the migration of photogenerated electron that realizes the synergistic effect of multicomponents rather than the simple overlay of single component. Here, we demonstrate an available way to fabricate new BiOCl/BiVO 4 /nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (N-GQD) ternary heterojunctions that exhibit higher efficiency in charge separation than any binary heterojunction or pure material under visible-light irradiation. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that the proposed BiOCl/BiVO 4 /N-GQD ternary heterojunctions possess the narrower band gap energy. More importantly, the ternary heterojunctions reveal the prolonged lifetime of photogenerated charges and enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which may be ascribed to sensitization based on an internal Z-scheme charge transfer at the interface of N-GQDs with oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, we examine the photoactive performance of proposed ternary heterojunctions in aqueous solution by using the photodegradation of bisphenol A as a model system and BiOCl/BiVO 4 /N-GQD ternary heterojunctions also display a dramatically enhanced photodegradation rate. The proposed charge separation and transfer process of BiOCl/BiVO 4 /N-GQD ternary heterojunctions for the enhanced photoactivity were deduced by electrochemical measurements, photoluminescence, and electron spin resonance. The results demonstrate that a Z-scheme charge process was formed between BiOCl/BiVO 4 binary heterojunctions and N-GQDs, leading to an efficient charge carrier separation and strong photocatalytic ability. Notably, this work may assist in a better understanding of the role of N-GQDs in kinds of heterojunctions

Lattice dynamics of a- Si3N4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulz, P.A.B.; Silva, C.E.T.G. da

1984-01-01

We introduce a model for the lattice dynamics of SI 3 N 4 in its amorphous phase. This model is based on a Born hamiltonian, solved in the Bethe lattice approximation. We included the local vicinity until third nearest neighbours, building up the central cluster. (M.W.O.) [pt

Self induced gratings in ternary SiO2:SnO2:Na2O bulk glasses by UV light seeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Lancry, M; Douay, M; Niay, P; Beclin, F; Menke, Y; Milanese, D; Ferraris, M; Poumellec, B

2005-09-05

The diffraction efficiency of gratings written in ternary SnO2:SiO2:Na2O bulk glasses rises dramatically with time after the occultation of the cw 244nm light used to write the thick hologram. This self-induced behavior lasts for several hours and ultimately leads to refractive index changes as high as 3 10-3.

Thermodynamics of the Mo-Fe-C and W-Fe-C systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kleykamp, H.

1978-01-01

A study on the reaction behaviour of the components of the Mo 2 C-Fe and WC-Fe systems is presented. Both systems are stable if the mono-phase carbides are in equilibrium with the Fe-C solid solution within fixed carbon concentrations, the limits of which are calculated in this paper. Gibbs energies of formation at 1273 K of the intermetallic phases, of the binary and of the ternary carbides in the Mo-Fe-C and W-Fe-C systems were determined. The Fe corner in the phase diagrams of both systems and the calculated C boundaries in the two-phase field γ-Fe(Mo,C)-Mo 2 C and the γ-Fe(W,C)-WC, respectively, based on this study, are shown in figures. (GSC) [de

Well-Defined Surface Species [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Me3] Prepared by Direct Methylation of [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Cl3], a Catalyst for Cycloalkane Metathesis and Transformation of Ethylene to Propylene

KAUST Repository

Hamieh, Ali Imad Ali

2015-04-03

The silica-supported tungsten oxo-trimethyl complex [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Me3] was synthesized using a novel SOMC synthetic approach. By grafting the inexpensive stable compound WOCl4 on the surface of silica, partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C (SiO2-700), a well-defined monopodal surface complex [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Cl3] was produced. The supported complex directly methylated with ZnMe2 and transformed into [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Me3], which we fully characterized by microanalysis, IR, mass balance and SS NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-13C HETCOR, 1H-1H DQ and TQ). [(≡Si - O)W(=O)Me3] has two conformational isomers on the surface at room temperature. The conversion of one to the other was observed at 318 K by variable-temperature 13C CP/MAS and 1H spin echo MAS solid-state NMR; this was also confirmed by NMR and DFT calculations. [(≡Si - O)W(=O)Me3] was found to be active in cyclooctane metathesis and to have a wide distribution range in ring-contracted and ring-expanded products. In addition, [(≡Si - O)W(=O)Me3] proved to be highly active for selective transformation of ethylene to propylene compared to other silica-supported organometallic complexes. (Chemical Equation Presented). © 2015 American Chemical Society.

Well-Defined Surface Species [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Me3] Prepared by Direct Methylation of [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Cl3], a Catalyst for Cycloalkane Metathesis and Transformation of Ethylene to Propylene

KAUST Repository

Hamieh, Ali Imad Ali; Chen, Yin; Abdel-Azeim, Safwat; Abou-Hamad, Edy; Goh, Li Min Serena; Samantaray, Manoja; Dey, Raju; Cavallo, Luigi; Basset, Jean-Marie

2015-01-01

The silica-supported tungsten oxo-trimethyl complex [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Me3] was synthesized using a novel SOMC synthetic approach. By grafting the inexpensive stable compound WOCl4 on the surface of silica, partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C (SiO2-700), a well-defined monopodal surface complex [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Cl3] was produced. The supported complex directly methylated with ZnMe2 and transformed into [(≡Si - O -)W(=O)Me3], which we fully characterized by microanalysis, IR, mass balance and SS NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-13C HETCOR, 1H-1H DQ and TQ). [(≡Si - O)W(=O)Me3] has two conformational isomers on the surface at room temperature. The conversion of one to the other was observed at 318 K by variable-temperature 13C CP/MAS and 1H spin echo MAS solid-state NMR; this was also confirmed by NMR and DFT calculations. [(≡Si - O)W(=O)Me3] was found to be active in cyclooctane metathesis and to have a wide distribution range in ring-contracted and ring-expanded products. In addition, [(≡Si - O)W(=O)Me3] proved to be highly active for selective transformation of ethylene to propylene compared to other silica-supported organometallic complexes. (Chemical Equation Presented). © 2015 American Chemical Society.

Zr-Fe-Sn Ternary System Phase Diagrams- New Experimental Results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nieva, N; Gomez, A; Arias, D

2004-01-01

New experimental results for the Zr-Fe-Sn ternary system are presented in this paper. The phases present and equilibrium relations for the 900 o C isothermal on the central zone of the Gibbs triangle are analysed. A set of ternary alloys was designed and obtained, and they were analysed by semi quantitative SEM- EDS, XRD, and metallographic samples. The resulting ternary phase diagrams are presented here (JCH)

Ternary hybrid polymeric nanocomposites through grafting of polystyrene on graphene oxide-TiO{sub 2} by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Arvind; Bansal, Ankushi; Behera, Babita; Jain, Suman L.; Ray, Siddharth S., E-mail: ssray@iip.res.in

2016-04-01

A ternary hybrid of graphene oxide-titania-polystyrene (GO-TiO{sub 2}-PS) nanocomposite is developed where polystyrene composition is regulated by controlling growth of polymer chains and nanoarchitectonics is discussed. Graphene Oxide-TiO{sub 2} (GO-TiO{sub 2}) nanocomposite is prepared by in-situ hydrothermal method and the surface is anchored with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide to activate GO-TiO{sub 2} as initiator for polymerization. In-situ grafting of polystyrene through surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI- ATRP) on this Br-functionalized nano-composite initiator yields GO-TiO{sub 2}-PS ternary hybrid. Varying the monomer amount and keeping the concentration of initiator constant, polystyrene chain growth is regulated with narrow poly-dispersivity to achieve desired composition. This composite is well characterized by various analytical techniques like FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM, TEM, and TGA. - Highlights: • Nanocomposite of ternary hybrid of GO-TiO{sub 2} with polystyrene. • PS is surface grafted on GO-TiO{sub 2}. • Polymer chain lengths are well regulated by SI-ATRP living polymerization. • Thermal stability of this hybrid is relatively high.

Superconductivity of ternary metal compounds prepared at high pressures

CERN Document Server

Shirotani, I

2003-01-01

Various ternary metal phosphides, arsenides, antimonides, silicides and germanides have been prepared at high temperatures and high pressures. These ternary metal compounds can be classified into four groups: [1] metal-rich compounds MM' sub 4 X sub 2 and [2] MM'X, [3] non-metal-rich compounds MXX' and [4] MM' sub 4 X sub 1 sub 2 (M and M' = metal element; X and X' = non-metal element). We have studied the electrical and magnetic properties of these materials at low temperatures, and found many new superconductors with the superconducting transition temperature (T sub c) of above 10 K. The metal-rich compound ZrRu sub 4 P sub 2 with a tetragonal structure showed the superconducting transition at around 11 K, and had an upper critical field (H sub c sub 2) of 12.2 tesla (T) at 0 K. Ternary equiatomic compounds ZrRuP and ZrRuSi crystallize in two modifications, a hexagonal Fe sub 2 P-type structure [h-ZrRuP(Si)] and an orthorhombic Co sub 2 P-type structure [o-ZrRuP(Si)]. Both h-ZrRuP and h-ZrRuSi have rather h...

Optimizations of Pt/SiC and W/Si multilayers for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, K. K.; Harrison, F. A.; Mao, P. H.

2009-01-01

function to control the shape of the desired effective area. The NuSTAR multilayers are depth graded with a power-law, di = a/(b + i)c, and we optimize over the total number of bi-layers, N, c, and the maximum bi-layer thickness, dmax. The result is a 10 mirror group design optimized for a flat even energy......The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, NuSTAR, is a NASA funded Small Explorer Mission, SMEX, scheduled for launch in mid 2011. The spacecraft will fly two co-aligned conical approximation Wolter-I optics with a focal length of 10 meters. The mirrors will be deposited with Pt/SiC and W....../Si multilayers to provide a broad band reflectivity from 6 keV up to 78.4 keV. To optimize the mirror coating we use a Figure of Merit procedure developed for gazing incidence optics, which averages the effective area over the energy range, and combines an energy weighting function with an angular weighting...

Constitutional studies of the molybdenum-ruthenium-palladium ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cornish, L.A.; Pratt, J.N.

1997-01-01

An experimental and computational study has been made of phase equilibria in the Mo-Ru-Pd ternary system. The constitution of annealed binary and ternary alloys was investigated using optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and SEM phase analysis techniques. Limited thermodynamic measurements were made using the ZrO 2 solid electrolyte e.m.f. method. The data obtained from the various techniques were used to construct a ternary isothermal section at 1473 K. The experimentally determined section is compared with a calculated section for the same temperature, computed using thermodynamic coefficients derived solely from binary system information. Lattice parameters are reported for the b.c.c., f.c.c. and c.p.h. solid solutions and for the σ phase. (orig.)

Growing GaN LEDs on amorphous SiC buffer with variable C/Si compositions

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Chih-Hsien; Tzou, An-Jye; Chang, Jung-Hung; Chi, Yu-Chieh; Lin, Yung-Hsiang; Shih, Min-Hsiung; Lee, Chao-Kuei; Wu, Chih-I; Kuo, Hao-Chung; Chang, Chun-Yen; Lin, Gong-Ru

2016-01-01

The epitaxy of high-power gallium nitride (GaN) light-emitting diode (LED) on amorphous silicon carbide (a-SixC1−x) buffer is demonstrated. The a-SixC1−x buffers with different nonstoichiometric C/Si composition ratios are synthesized on SiO2/Si substrate by using a low-temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The GaN LEDs on different SixC1−x buffers exhibit different EL and C-V characteristics because of the extended strain induced interfacial defects. The EL power decays when increasing the Si content of SixC1−x buffer. The C-rich SixC1−x favors the GaN epitaxy and enables the strain relaxation to suppress the probability of Auger recombination. When the SixC1−x buffer changes from Si-rich to C-rich condition, the EL peak wavelengh shifts from 446 nm to 450 nm. Moreover, the uniform distribution contour of EL intensity spreads between the anode and the cathode because the traping density of the interfacial defect gradually reduces. In comparison with the GaN LED grown on Si-rich SixC1−x buffer, the device deposited on C-rich SixC1−x buffer shows a lower turn-on voltage, a higher output power, an external quantum efficiency, and an efficiency droop of 2.48 V, 106 mW, 42.3%, and 7%, respectively. PMID:26794268

Study of System Pressure Dependence on n-TiO2/p-Si Hetrostructure for Photovoltaic Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Ramezani Sani

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This study reports the fabrication of n-TiO2/p-Si hetrojunction by deposition of TiO2nanowires on p-Si substrate. The effect of system pressure and the current-voltage (I-V characteristics of n-TiO2/p-si hetrojunction were studied. The morphology of the samples was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM which confirms formation of TiO2 nanowires that their diameters increase with increasing the pressure of system. The I-V characteristics were measured to investigate the hetrojunction effects of under forward and reverse biases at different system pressure by sweeping in the voltage from 0 to +6 V, then to -6 V, and finally reaching 0 V. TiO2/Si diodes   in the system pressure 60 mbar and 30 mbar indicated that a p-n junction formed in the n-TiO2/p-Si hetrojunction. But as the system pressure increased to 1000 mbar, the I-V characteristics became inversed. This treatment can be scribed by the change of the energy band structure of TiO2.

Growth of a New Ternary BON Crystal on Si(100) by Plasma-Assisted MOCVD and Study on the Effects of Fed Gas and Growth Temperature

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, G. C.; Lee, S.-B.; Boo, J.-H.

A new ternary BOxNy crystal was grown on Si(100) substrate at 500°C by low-frequency (100 kHz) radio-frequency (rf) derived plasma-assisted MOCVD with an organoborate precursor. The as-grown deposits were characterized by SEM, TED, XPS, XRD, AFM and FT-IR. The experimental results showed that BOxNy crystal was apt to be formed at N-rich atmosphere and high temperature. The decrease of hydrogen flux in fed gases was of benefit to form BON crystal structure. The crystal structure of BOxNy was as similar to that of H3BO3 in this study.

The Ce-Ni-Si system as a representative of the rare earth-Ni-Si family: Isothermal section and new rare-earth nickel silicides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morozkin, A.V., E-mail: morozkin@tech.chem.msu.ru [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991 (Russian Federation); Knotko, A.V.; Garshev, A.V. [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991 (Russian Federation); Faculty of Materials Science, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 73, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991 (Russian Federation); Yapaskurt, V.O. [Department of Petrology, Geological Faculty Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991 (Russian Federation); Nirmala, R. [Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 (India); Quezado, S.; Malik, S.K. [Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59082-970 (Brazil)

2016-11-15

The Ce-Ni-Si system has been investigated at 870/1070 K by X-ray and microprobe analyses. The existence of the known compounds, i.e.: Ce{sub 2}Ni{sub 15.8}Si{sub 1.2} (Th{sub 2}Ni{sub 17}-type), Ce{sub 2}Ni{sub 15-14}Si{sub 2-3} (Th{sub 2}Zn{sub 17}-type), CeNi{sub 8.6}Si{sub 2.4} (BaCd{sub 11}-type), CeNi{sub 8.8}Si{sub 4.2} (LaCo{sub 9}Si{sub 4}-type), CeNi{sub 6}Si{sub 6} (CeNi{sub 6}Si{sub 6}-type), CeNi{sub 5}Si{sub 1-0.3} (TbCu{sub 7}-type), CeNi{sub 4}Si (YNi{sub 4}Si-type), CeNi{sub 2}Si{sub 2} (CeGa{sub 2}Al{sub 2}-type), Ce{sub 2}Ni{sub 3}Si{sub 5} (U{sub 2}Co{sub 3}Si{sub 5}-type), Ce{sub 3}Ni{sub 6}Si{sub 2} (Ce{sub 3}Ni{sub 6}Si{sub 2}-type), Ce{sub 3}Ni{sub 4}Si{sub 4} (U{sub 3}Ni{sub 4}Si{sub 4}-type), CeNiSi{sub 2} (CeNiSi{sub 2}-type), ~CeNi{sub 1.3}Si{sub 0.7} (unknown type structure), Ce{sub 6}Ni{sub 7}Si{sub 4} (Pr{sub 6}Ni{sub 7}Si{sub 4}-type), CeNiSi (LaPtSi-type), CeNi{sub 0.8-0.3}Si{sub 1.2-1.7} (AlB{sub 2}-type), ~Ce{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Si (unknown type structure), ~Ce{sub 4.5}Ni{sub 3.5}Si{sub 2} (unknown type structure), Ce{sub 15}Ni{sub 7}Si{sub 10} (Pr{sub 15}Ni{sub 7}Si{sub 10}-type), Ce{sub 5}Ni{sub 1.85}Si{sub 3} (Ce{sub 5}Ni{sub 1.85}Si{sub 3}-type), Ce{sub 6}Ni{sub 1.4}Si{sub 3.4} (Ce{sub 6}Ni{sub 1.67}Si{sub 3}-type), Ce{sub 7}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 5} (Ce{sub 7}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 5}-type) and Ce{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} (Y{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3}-type) has been confirmed in this section. Moreover, the type structure has been determined for ~Ce{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Si (Mo{sub 2}NiB{sub 2}-type Ce{sub 2}Ni{sub 2.5}Si{sub 0.5}) and ~Ce{sub 4.5}Ni{sub 3.5}Si{sub 2} (W{sub 3}CoB{sub 3}-type Ce{sub 3}Ni{sub 3-2.7}Si{sub 1-1.3}) and new ternary phases Ce{sub 2}Ni{sub 6.25}Si{sub 0.75} (Gd{sub 2}Co{sub 7}-type), CeNi{sub 7-7.6}Si{sub 6-5.4} (GdNi{sub 7}Si{sub 6}-type) and ~Ce{sub 27}Ni{sub 42}Si{sub 31} (unknown type structure) have been identified in this system. Quasi-binary phases, solid solutions, were detected at 870/1070 K for CeNi{sub 5}, CeNi{sub 3} and CeSi

Preparation, properties, and application characteristics of metastable layers of the Ti-Si-C-N system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fella, R.

1992-10-01

In the Ti-Si-C and Ti-Si-C-N systems, metastable layers were precipitated by means of non-reactive magnetron sputtering of hot-pressed two-phase TiC/SiC and TiN/SiC targets with 20 mole% and 50 mole% SiC. The preparation parameters were varied as follows: ion bombardment during precipitation (bias sputtering), substrate temperature, and annealing times when annealing amorphous 50%:50% TiC/SiC and 50%:50% TiN/SiC layers. Sputtering of targets containing 20% SiC was found to result in monophase fcc layers (NaCl structure). This was documented on the basis of X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. Direct precipitation of targets with 50 mole% SiC resulted in amorphous layers. Increasing the ion bombardment during accretion, raising the substrate temperature, and annealing amorphous 50%:50% TiC/SiC and 50%:50% TiN/SiC (layers precipitated directly) resulted in the crystallization of TiC and TiN nanocrystallites, respectively, imbedded in an amorphous SiC matrix. These crystallites were detected both by X-ray and by electron diffractions and by XPS studies. The XPS measurements of crystalline TiC and amorphous SiC reference layers demonstrated the existence of new kinds of carbon interface phases ('pseudocarbide layers') around TiC and amorphous SiC regions, respectively, which have a positive impact on the mechanical properties of the layers. The hardness of the layers can be correlated with the degrees of crystallization and texture. Adhesion and toughness are worse in SiC-bearing layers than PVD TiC and TiN layers, respectively. The application characteristics of the layers were determined by model wear tests relative to 100Cr6 by means of a pin/disk tribometer. N-bearing layers were found to have clearly higher friction coefficients and greater wear than layers without N. (orig.)

Thermal Stability of W-xRe/TiC/SiC Systems (x=0, 5 and 25 at % Re) at High Temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roger, J.; Le Petitcorps, Y.; Roger, J.; Audubert, F.

2009-01-01

diffusion barrier especially for silicon, but its effect is less notable for carbon. Nevertheless, we can propose some methods to perfect the protection of metallic substrates in the presence of SiC. The first is to use a compound without carbon; the most evident option is TiN. We are actually considering this possibility. Another interesting possibility is to use WC because it is stable in presence of SiC. Temperature is, however, a limiting factor, because this compound WC reacts with W at 1420 K to form W 2 C, which is not stable in the presence of SiC. As a consequence, this carbide can only be used up to 1420 K. The carbon mobility in these two compounds has to be established. (O.M.)

First principles calculation of thermodynamic properties of NaAlSi ternary

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Jining; Lu Weijie; Zhang Di; Fan Tongxiang

2012-01-01

PbFCl-type NaAlSi ternary is a corrosion compound found in aluminum, which is used as a sealing material in sodium sulfur battery. To understand and control the corrosion process, it is important to predict its quantitative properties. In this study, a first-principles calculation has been carried out to calculate its equilibrium lattice parameters, bulk modulus and pressure derivative of bulk modulus by both all-electron full-potential linear augmented plane wave scheme and pseudopotential plane wave scheme within the generalized gradient approximation. The theoretical results show good agreement with the available experimental data. The thermodynamic properties, including the specific heat capacity and entropy with pressure up to 9 GPa, have been investigated for the first time by coupling of density functional perturbation theory and quasiharmonic approximation. The volume and linear thermal expansion coefficients were estimated and the results show that the linear thermal expansion on c-axis is nearly twice as large as that on a-axis within the calculated temperature.

Chemical effects in ion mixing of a ternary system (metal-SiO2)

Science.gov (United States)

Banwell, T.; Nicolet, M.-A.; Sands, T.; Grunthaner, P. J.

1987-01-01

The mixing of Ti, Cr, and Ni thin films with SiO2 by low-temperature (- 196-25 C) irradiation with 290 keV Xe has been investigated. Comparison of the morphology of the intermixed region and the dose dependences of net metal transport into SiO2 reveals that long range motion and phase formation probably occur as separate and sequential processes. Kinetic limitations suppress chemical effects in these systems during the initial transport process. Chemical interactions influence the subsequent phase formation.

Photoabsorption spectra of (Mo/W)@Au12Si60 clusters from time-dependent DFT calculations

KAUST Repository

Mokkath, Junais Habeeb

2013-11-14

The electronic structure and photoabsorption spectrum of encapsulated (Mo/W)@Au12Si60 clusters are theoretically investigated via static and time-dependent density functional theory. The photoabsorption spectrum is calculated both at the scalar relativistic and spin-orbit coupling levels. The encapsulated (Mo/W)@Au12 clusters interact with the Si and thus stabilize the Si60 cage. The spin-orbit coupling strongly affects the optical properties of (Mo/W)@Au12 clusters as it leads to a splitting of spectral lines together with an intensity redistribution, whereas the spectra of (Mo/W)@Au12Si60 clusters show hardly any difference. The nanoscale properties thus can be tuned by choosing the endohedral metal atom, while keeping the optical properties unaffected. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Photoabsorption spectra of (Mo/W)@Au12Si60 clusters from time-dependent DFT calculations

KAUST Repository

Mokkath, Junais Habeeb; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2013-01-01

The electronic structure and photoabsorption spectrum of encapsulated (Mo/W)@Au12Si60 clusters are theoretically investigated via static and time-dependent density functional theory. The photoabsorption spectrum is calculated both at the scalar relativistic and spin-orbit coupling levels. The encapsulated (Mo/W)@Au12 clusters interact with the Si and thus stabilize the Si60 cage. The spin-orbit coupling strongly affects the optical properties of (Mo/W)@Au12 clusters as it leads to a splitting of spectral lines together with an intensity redistribution, whereas the spectra of (Mo/W)@Au12Si60 clusters show hardly any difference. The nanoscale properties thus can be tuned by choosing the endohedral metal atom, while keeping the optical properties unaffected. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Growth and characterization of III-N ternary thin films by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy at low temperatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nepal, Neeraj; Anderson, Virginia R.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R.

2015-08-31

We report the growth and characterization of III-nitride ternary thin films (Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1−x}N, In{sub x}Al{sub 1−x}N and In{sub x}Ga{sub 1−x}N) at ≤ 500 °C by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy (PA-ALE) over a wide stoichiometric range including the range where phase separation has been an issue for films grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The composition of these ternaries was intentionally varied through alterations in the cycle ratios of the III-nitride binary layers (AlN, GaN, and InN). By this digital alloy growth method, we are able to grow III-nitride ternaries by PA-ALE over nearly the entire stoichiometry range including in the spinodal decomposition region (x = 15–85%). These early efforts suggest great promise of PA-ALE at low temperatures for addressing miscibility gap challenges encountered with conventional growth methods and realizing high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices involving ternary/binary heterojunctions, which are not currently possible. - Highlights: • III-N ternaries grown at ≤ 500 °C by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy • Growth of InGaN and AlInN in the spinodal decomposition region (15–85%) • Epitaxial, smooth and uniform III-N film growth at low temperatures.

Growth and characterization of III-N ternary thin films by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy at low temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nepal, Neeraj; Anderson, Virginia R.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R.

2015-01-01

We report the growth and characterization of III-nitride ternary thin films (Al x Ga 1−x N, In x Al 1−x N and In x Ga 1−x N) at ≤ 500 °C by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy (PA-ALE) over a wide stoichiometric range including the range where phase separation has been an issue for films grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The composition of these ternaries was intentionally varied through alterations in the cycle ratios of the III-nitride binary layers (AlN, GaN, and InN). By this digital alloy growth method, we are able to grow III-nitride ternaries by PA-ALE over nearly the entire stoichiometry range including in the spinodal decomposition region (x = 15–85%). These early efforts suggest great promise of PA-ALE at low temperatures for addressing miscibility gap challenges encountered with conventional growth methods and realizing high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices involving ternary/binary heterojunctions, which are not currently possible. - Highlights: • III-N ternaries grown at ≤ 500 °C by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy • Growth of InGaN and AlInN in the spinodal decomposition region (15–85%) • Epitaxial, smooth and uniform III-N film growth at low temperatures

Ternary Mixtures of N-Docosane, N-Tricosane and N-Tetracosane Mélanges ternaires de n-docosane, n-tricosane et n-tétracosane

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Nouar H.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Binary phase diagrams of the systems: n-docosane: n-tricosane (C22H46 : C23H48, n-tricosane: n-tetracosane (C23H48: C24H50 and n-docosane: n-tetracosane (C22H46: C24H50 have been established by means of structural and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. On the basis of these results and of X-ray examination of forty one ternary mixtures, it is proposed the ternary phase diagram (C22H46: C23H48: C24H50 at room temperature. This work has indicated the existence of limited terminal solid solutions near the three pure n-alkanes and three domains of orthorhombic intermediate phases (noted ß' 1, ß'' 1, ß' 2 identical to those observed in the binary systems. X-ray experiments have showed that the phases ß' 1, ß'' 2 situated on the both sides of the middle intermediate phase ß' 1, are isostructural as in the binary systems. Les diagrammes de phases des systèmes binaires : n-docosane : n-tricosane (C22H46 : C23H48, n-tricosane : n-tétracosane (C23H48 : C24H50 et n-docosane : n-tétracosane (C22H46 : C24H50 ont été établis à partir d'analyses thermiques différentielles (ATD et structurales. Sur la base de ces résultats, ainsi que de l'examen aux rayons X de 41 mélanges ternaires, le diagramme de phases du ternaire (C22H46 : C23H48 : C24H50 à température ambiante est proposé. Ce travail a indiqué l'existence de domaines limités de solutions solides au voisinage des trois n-alcanes purs, ainsi que de trois régions de phases intermédiaires orthorhombiques (notées ß' 1, ß 1, ß' 2 identiques à celles observées avec les systèmes binaires. Les analyses aux rayons X ont montré que les phases ß' 1 et ß' 2 situées de part et d'autre de la phase médiane intermédiaire ß1 sont isostructurales, tout comme dans le cas des systèmes binaires.

Thermodynamic calculations in ternary titanium–aluminium–manganese system

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ANA I. KOSTOV

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Thermodynamic calculations in the ternary Ti–Al–Mn system are shown in this paper. The thermodynamic calculations were performed using the FactSage thermochemical software and database, with the aim of determining thermodynamic properties, such as activities, coefficient of activities, partial and integral values of the enthalpies and Gibbs energies of mixing and excess energies at two different temperatures: 2000 and 2100 K. Bearing in mind that no experimental data for the Ti–Al–Mn ternary system have been obtained or reported. The obtained results represent a good base for further thermodynamic analysis and may be useful as a comparison with some future critical experimental results and thermodynamic optimization of this system.

Structures, equilibria and ligand exchange dynamics in the binary and ternary dioxouranium(VI)-ethylenediamine-N-N'-diacetic acid - fluoride system; a potentiometric, NMR and X-ray study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palladino, G.; Szabo, Z.; Fischer, A.; Grenthe, I.

2005-01-01

Full text of publication follows: The structure, thermodynamics and kinetics of the binary and ternary Uranyl(VI)- ethylenediamine- N-N'-di-acetate (in the following denoted EDDA) fluoride system have been studied using potentiometry, 1 H, 19 F NMR and a single-crystal X-ray determination. The potentiometric data were obtained using measurements of the free hydrogen ion and fluoride concentrations with glass and fluoride electrodes, respectively. The experimental data were used to deduce stoichiometry and equilibrium constants using a least square refinements programme. The UO 2 2+ - EDDA system could be studied up to -log[H 3 O + ] 3.4, after which a precipitate was formed. The test solutions contained two binary complexes, the uncharged UO 2 (EDDA)(aq) and UO 2 (H 3 EDDA) 3+ , with equilibrium constants log β(UO 2 EDDA) = 11.63 ± 0.02 and log β(UO 2 H 3 EDDA 3+ ) = 1.77 ± 0.04, respectively. By using fluoride as additional ligand the solubility increases because of the formation of very stable ternary complexes that allowed an experimental study over a larger pH range. The structure of the complexes in the ternary system was deduced using a combination of 1 H and 19 F NMR spectroscopy. The 19 F NMR spectra at lower pH, had peaks from the binary fluoride complexes (UO 2 F + , UO 2 F 2 (aq) and UO 2 F 3 - ) that could be used to obtain information on the equilibrium constants in the ternary system; at -log[H 3 O + ] > 4.7 new signals for the complexes (UO 2 ) 2 (EDDA) 2 F 2 2- , and UO 2 (EDDA)F - were observed. The analyses of 1 H NMR spectra indicate clearly that the EDDA ligand is chelate bonded in UO 2 (EDDA)F-. The fluorine exchange between UO 2 (EDDA)F- and UO 2 F 3 - was studied using 19 F NMR line-broadening technique. The experimental rate constant is k obs = k 0 + k 1 [UO 2 F 3 - ], with k 0 (3.24 ± 0.06) 10 2 s -1 and k 1 = (71.2 ± 2.3) 10 3 M -1 s -1 .The rate and the activation parameters for the exchange between UO 2 (EDDA)F - complex and free

Preparation and study of nanostructured TiAlSiN thin films

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Jakab-Farkas L.

2011-12-01

Full Text Available TiAlSiN thin film coatings were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering of TiAlSi target with 40 at.% Ti, 40 at.% Al and 20 at.% Si, performed in N2-Ar gas mixture. The sputtering power used in these experiments was controlled for 400 W. The bias voltage of the substrates was kept at -20 V DC and the temperature at 500 0C. All the samples were prepared with a constant flow rate of Ar and different nitrogen flow rates, which were selected from 1.25 sccm to 4.0 sccm. Nanostructured TiAlSiN coatings were developed on Si(100 and HSS substrates. Microstructure investigation of the coatings was performed by transmission electron microscopy investigation, structure investigation was performed by XRD analysis, and the mechanical properties of the coatings have been tested by ball-on-disk tribological investigation and micro-Vickers hardness measurements. In this paper will be shown that for optimized nitrogen concentration the microstructure of TiAlSiN coating evolve from a competitive columnar growth to a dendritic growth one with very fine nano-lamellae like morphology. The developed nanostructured TiAlSiN coatingshave hardness HV exceeding 40 GPa and show an increased abrasive wear resistance

Enhanced lateral heat dissipation packaging structure for GaN HEMTs on Si substrate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, Stone; Chou, Po-Chien; Chieng, Wei-Hua; Chang, E.Y.

2013-01-01

This work presents a technology for packaging AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on a Si substrate. The GaN HEMTs are attached to a V-groove copper base and mounted on a TO-3P leadframe. The various thermal paths from the GaN gate junction to the case are carried out for heat dissipation by spreading to protective coating; transferring through the bond wires; spreading in the lateral device structure through the adhesive layer, and vertical heat spreading of silicon chip bottom. Thermal characterization showed a thermal resistance of 13.72 °C/W from the device to the TO-3P package. Experimental tests of a 30 mm gate-periphery single chip packaged in a 5 × 3 mm V-groove Cu base with a 100 V drain bias showed power dissipation of 22 W. -- Highlights: ► An enhanced packaging structure designed for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on an Si substrate. ► The V-groove copper base is designed on the device periphery surface heat conduction for enhancing Si substrate thermal dissipation. ► The proposed device shows a lower thermal resistance and upgrade in thermal conductivity capability. ► This work provides useful thermal IR imagery information to aid in designing high efficiency package for GaN HEMTs on Si

Microstructure Characterization and Wear-Resistant Properties Evaluation of an Intermetallic Composite in Ni–Mo–Si System

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Boyuan Huang

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Intermetallic compounds have been studied for their potential application as structural wear materials or coatings on engineering steels. In the present work, a newly designed intermetallic composite in a Ni–Mo–Si system was fabricated by arc-melting process with commercially pure metal powders as starting materials. The chemical composition of this intermetallic composite is 45Ni–40Mo–15Si (at %, selected according to the ternary alloy diagram. The microstructure was characterized using optical microscopy (OM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, and the wear-resistant properties at room temperature were evaluated under different wear test conditions. Microstructure characterization showed that the composite has a dense and uniform microstructure. XRD results showed that the intermetallic composite is constituted by a binary intermetallic compound NiMo and a ternary Mo2Ni3Si metal silicide phase. Wear test results indicated that the intermetallic composite has an excellent wear-resistance at room-temperature, which is attributed to the high hardness and strong atomic bonding of constituent phases NiMo and Mo2Ni3Si.

Ternary System with Controlled Structure: A New Strategy toward Efficient Organic Photovoltaics.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Pei; Wang, Rui; Zhu, Jingshuai; Huang, Wenchao; Chang, Sheng-Yung; Meng, Lei; Sun, Pengyu; Cheng, Hao-Wen; Qin, Meng; Zhu, Chenhui; Zhan, Xiaowei; Yang, Yang

2018-02-01

Recently, a new type of active layer with a ternary system has been developed to further enhance the performance of binary system organic photovoltaics (OPV). In the ternary OPV, almost all active layers are formed by simple ternary blend in solution, which eventually leads to the disordered bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure after a spin-coating process. There are two main restrictions in this disordered BHJ structure to obtain higher performance OPV. One is the isolated second donor or acceptor domains. The other is the invalid metal-semiconductor contact. Herein, the concept and design of donor/acceptor/acceptor ternary OPV with more controlled structure (C-ternary) is reported. The C-ternary OPV is fabricated by a sequential solution process, in which the second acceptor and donor/acceptor binary blend are sequentially spin-coated. After the device optimization, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all OPV with C-ternary are enhanced by 14-21% relative to those with the simple ternary blend; the best PCEs are 10.7 and 11.0% for fullerene-based and fullerene-free solar cells, respectively. Moreover, the averaged PCE value of 10.4% for fullerene-free solar cell measured in this study is in great agreement with the certified one of 10.32% obtained from Newport Corporation. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Changes of refractive indices in ternary mixtures containing chlorobenzene + n-hexane + (n-heptane or n-octane at 298.15 K

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M. IGLESIAS

2004-06-01

Full Text Available The refractive indices of ternary mixtures of chlorobenzene + n-hexane + (n-heptane or n-octane have been measured at 298.15 K and at atmospheric pressure over the whole composition diagram. Parameters of polynomial equations which represent the composition dependence of physical and derived properties are gathered. The experimental refractive indices and the ternary derived properties are compared with the data obtained using several predictive semi-empirical models. The use of the Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK and the Peng–Robinson (PR cubic equations of state with the Van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule, which incorporate different combining rules to predict refractive indices on mixing, are tested against the measured results, good agrement being obtained.

Ternary oxide nanostructures and methods of making same

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Stanislaus S [Stony Brook, NY; Park, Tae-Jin [Port Jefferson, NY

2009-09-08

A single crystalline ternary nanostructure having the formula A.sub.xB.sub.yO.sub.z, wherein x ranges from 0.25 to 24, and y ranges from 1.5 to 40, and wherein A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cm, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, I, In, Ir, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Tc, Te, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, and Zn, wherein the nanostructure is at least 95% free of defects and/or dislocations.

Acero de alto silicio producido por inmersión en Al-Si y recocido de difusión

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Ros-Yáñez, Tanya

2000-10-01

Full Text Available It is difficult to process steel sheet with a high Si content (>3.5%Si, mainly because of its brittleness and the appearance of cracks during rolling and oxidation. However, there is a market for this steel in electrical applications because of the favourable influence of Si on magnetostriction and electrical resistivity. As an alternative process, 3% Si-steel substrates were coated with hypereutectic Al-Si-alloys in a "hot-dip simulator" using different preheating and dipping times. The obtained layers were characterised by SEM and EDS analysis. Diffusion annealing experiments were performed to obtain sufficient amount of Si in the steel. It was observed that:

• intermetallic phases appear in the coating layers as according to the ternary Fe-Si-Al diagram
• with a double dipping primary silicon crystals are formed in the surface layer
• the ordered DO₃ structure is present if the dipping and/or diffusion time is long enough
• homogeneous silicon gradients in the whole substrate thickness have not yet been achieved
• theoretic calculations show that Si-gradient, also have beneficial effects on magnetic behaviour

LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F and LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F. Nitridosilicate fluorides with a BCT-zeolite-type network structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horky, Katrin; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Solid-State, Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich (Germany)

2017-02-17

LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F and LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F were synthesized from Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, LiNH{sub 2}, CaH{sub 2}/SrH{sub 2}, and LiF through a metathesis reaction in a radiofrequency furnace. The crystal structures of both compounds were solved and refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F: P2{sub 1}/c (no. 14), a = 10.5108(3), b = 9.0217(3), c = 10.3574(3) Aa, β = 117.0152(10) , R{sub 1} = 0.0422, wR{sub 2} = 0.0724, Z = 4; LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F: P4nc (no. 104), a = 9.3118(4), b = 9.3118(4), c = 5.5216(2) Aa, R{sub 1} = 0.0160, wR{sub 2} = 0.0388, Z = 2]. The silicate substructure of both compounds is built up of vertex-sharing SiN{sub 4} tetrahedra, thereby forming a structure analogous to the BCT zeolite with Ca{sup 2+}/Sr{sup 2+}, Li{sup +}, and F{sup -} ions filling the voids. The crystal structure of LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F is homeotypic with that of Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}O as it exhibits the same zeolite-type [SiN{sub 2}]{sup 2-} framework, but incorporates LiF instead of Li{sub 2}O. In contrast to the respective Sr compound, LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F shows a distortion of the BCT-zeolite-type network as well as an additional site for F. Both F sites in LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F exhibit different coordination spheres to LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F. The title compounds are the first reported lithium alkaline-earth nitridosilicates containing fluorine. The crystal structures were confirmed by lattice-energy calculations (MAPLE), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements, and powder X-ray diffraction. IR spectra confirmed the absence of N-H bonds. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Si Complies with GaN to Overcome Thermal Mismatches for the Heteroepitaxy of Thick GaN on Si.

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, Atsunori; Choi, Woojin; Chen, Renjie; Dayeh, Shadi A

2017-10-01

Heteroepitaxial growth of lattice mismatched materials has advanced through the epitaxy of thin coherently strained layers, the strain sharing in virtual and nanoscale substrates, and the growth of thick films with intermediate strain-relaxed buffer layers. However, the thermal mismatch is not completely resolved in highly mismatched systems such as in GaN-on-Si. Here, geometrical effects and surface faceting to dilate thermal stresses at the surface of selectively grown epitaxial GaN layers on Si are exploited. The growth of thick (19 µm), crack-free, and pure GaN layers on Si with the lowest threading dislocation density of 1.1 × 10 7 cm -2 achieved to date in GaN-on-Si is demonstrated. With these advances, the first vertical GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors on Si substrates with low leakage currents and high on/off ratios paving the way for a cost-effective high power device paradigm on an Si CMOS platform are demonstrated. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Phase relationships in the Er-Mn-Ti ternary system at 773 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jingqi; Wang Xina; Tang Mengqi; Su Kunpeng; Yang Xiaomao; Li Chunhui; Li Xueqiang

2009-01-01

The Phase relationship in the Er-Mn-Ti ternary system at 773 K has been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis with the aid of differential thermal analysis and optical microanalysis techniques in this work. The existence of eight binary compounds Mn 15 Ti 85, αMnTi, βMnTi, Mn 2 Ti, Mn 5 Ti, ErMn 12, Er 6 Mn 23 and ErMn 2 has been confirmed at 773 K in this system. The maximum solid solubility of Ti in Mn is about 8 at%Ti. The homogeneity range of Mn 2 Ti extends from about 31 at% to 39 at% Ti. The maximum solid solubility of Er in Mn 2 Ti phase is about less than 1 at% Er. No ternary compounds were found in this ternary system at 773K. At 773 K, the isothermal section of phase diagram of Er-Mn-Ti ternary system consists of 11 single-phase regions, 19 two-phase regions and 9 three-phase regions.

Pressureless sintering of dense Si3N4 and Si3N4/SiC composites with nitrate additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, J.Y.; Iseki, Takayoshi; Yano, Toyohiko

1996-01-01

The effect of aluminum and yttrium nitrate additives on the densification of monolithic Si 3 N 4 and a Si 3 N 4 /SiC composite by pressureless sintering was compared with that of oxide additives. The surfaces of Si 3 N 4 particles milled with aluminum and yttrium nitrates, which were added as methanol solutions, were coated with a different layer containing Al and Y from that of Si 3 N 4 particles milled with oxide additives. Monolithic Si 3 N 4 could be sintered to 94% of theoretical density (TD) at 1,500 C with nitrate additives. The sintering temperature was about 100 C lower than the case with oxide additives. After pressureless sintering at 1,750 C for 2 h in N 2 , the bulk density of a Si 3 N 4 /20 wt% SiC composite reached 95% TD with nitrate additives

Experimental determination of the phase equilibria in the Co-Fe-Zr ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, C.P.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, H.H.; Hu, H.F.; Liu, X.J.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → We determined four isothermal sections of the Co-Fe-Zr system from 1000 o C to 1300 o C. → No ternary compound was found in the Co-Fe-Zr ternary system. → The solubility of Fe in the liquid phase at 1300 o C is extremely large. → The (Co, Fe) 2 Zr phase form the continuous solution from Co-Zr side to Fe-Zr side. → The solubility of Zr in the fcc (Co, Fe) phase is extremely small. - Abstract: The phase equilibria in the Co-Fe-Zr ternary system were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on equilibrated ternary alloys. Four isothermal sections of the Co-Fe-Zr ternary system at 1300 o C, 1200 o C, 1100 o C and 1000 o C were experimentally established. The experimental results indicate that (1) no ternary compound was found in this system; (2) the solubility of Fe in the liquid phase of the Co-rich corner at 1300 o C is extremely large; (3) the liquid phase in the Zr-rich corner and the (Co,Fe) 2 Zr phase form the continuous solid solutions from the Co-Zr side to the Fe-Zr side; (4) the solubility of Zr in the fcc (Co, Fe) phase is extremely small.

Dy–Mn–Si as a representative of family of ‘Dy–Transition Metal–Si’ systems: Its isothermal sections, empirical rProd. Type: FTPules and new rare-earth manganese silicides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morozkin, A.V., E-mail: morozkin@general.chem.msu.ru [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Knotko, A.V. [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Yapaskurt, V.O. [Department of Petrology, Geological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Provino, A.; Manfrinetti, P. [INFM and Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universita di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova (Italy); Yao, Jinlei; Yuan, Fang; Mozharivskyj, Y. [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1 (Canada)

2013-10-15

X-ray and microprobe analyses were employed for the investigation of Dy–Mn–Si system at 870/1070/1170 K. The Dy–Mn–Si system, contains the known DyMn{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, DyMnSi and Dy{sub 2}Mn{sub 3}Si{sub 5} compounds and DyMn{sub 4}Si{sub 2}, Dy{sub 2}MnSi{sub 2} and Dy{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 3} were new compounds identified first time and their structure are of the type TmCu{sub 4}Sb{sub 2}, Sc{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} and Hf{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 3} respectively. The quasi-binary solid solutions were detected at 870/1070/1170 K: the ThMn{sub 12}-type Dy{sub 8}Mn{sub 87}Si{sub 5}, Th{sub 6}Mn{sub 23}-type Dy{sub 23}Mn{sub 72}Si{sub 5}, MgCu{sub 2}-type Dy{sub 33}Mn{sub 58}Si{sub 9} and AlB{sub 2}-type Dy{sub 38}Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 58}. The other binary compounds of the Dy–Mn–Si system do not show any visible solubility. New phases R{sub 2}MnSi{sub 2} and R{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 3} (R=Gd, Tb, Ho–Tm) were found out and their structure of the type Sc{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} and Hf{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 3} respectively. The specific features of ‘Dy–Transition Metal–Si’ systems were discussed. - Graphical abstract: The isothermal section of Dy–Mn–Si contains the known DyMn{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, DyMnSi, Dy{sub 2}Mn{sub 3}Si{sub 5} and new TmCu{sub 4}Sb{sub 2}-type DyMn{sub 4}Si{sub 2}, Sc{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2}-type Dy{sub 2}MnSi{sub 2} and Hf{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 3}-type Dy{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 3} ternary compounds. The ternary solid solution based on the binary compounds of the Dy–Mn and Dy–Si systems: the ThMn{sub 12}-type Dy{sub 8}Mn{sub 87}Si{sub 5}, Th{sub 6}Mn{sub 23}-type Dy{sub 23}Mn{sub 72}Si{sub 5}, MgCu{sub 2}-type Dy{sub 33}Mn{sub 58}Si{sub 9} and AlB{sub 2}-type Dy{sub 38}Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 58}. The other binary compounds of the Dy–Mn–Si system do not show any visible solubility. New Sc{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2}-type R{sub 2}MnSi{sub 2} and Hf{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 3}-type R{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 3} phases were discovered for R=Gd, Tb, Ho–Tm. Display Omitted

Analysis on the sequence of formation of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} and Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}/SiC composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radhakrishnan, R.; Bhaduri, S.B. [Idaho Univ., Moscow, ID (United States). Dept. of Mining and Metallurgy; Henager, C.H. Jr. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)

1995-05-01

Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}, a compound in the ternary Ti-Si-C system, is reported to be ductile. This paper reports the sequence of formation of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} and Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}/SiC composites involving either combustion synthesis or by displacement reaction, respectively. Onset of exothermic reaction temperatures were determined using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Phases present after the exothermic temperatures were analyzed by X-Ray diffraction. Based on these observations, a route to formation of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} and Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}/SiC composites is proposed for the two`s thesis methods.

State diagram of U-Al-Si as a basis for analysis of the processes in nuclear fuel compositions based on U(Al, Si)3 and U3Si compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chebotarev, N.T.; Konovalov, L.N.; Zhmak, V.A.; Chebotarev, Ya.N.

1996-01-01

Results of studies into the Al-UAl 3 -USi 3 -Si of the U-Al-Si ternary system are presented. It is established that phase equilibrium between the intermetallic compound U(Al, Si) 3 and the aluminium-silicon alloys may be presented in form of conodes on the isothermal cross-section of the state diagram. It is shown that the U(Al, Si) 3 intermetallic compound, containing up to 6.5 at.% silicon, interacts both with liquid and solid aluminium with the U(Al, Si) 4 phase formation [ru

Phase formation in alloy-type anode materials in the quaternary system Li-Sn-Si-C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Druee, Martin; Seyring, Martin [Jena Univ. (Germany). Otto Schott Inst. of Materials Research; Liang, Song-Mao; Kozlov, Artem; Schmid-Fetzer, Rainer [Clausthal Univ. of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany). Inst. of Metallurgy; Song, Xiaoyan [Beijing Univ. of Technology (China). Key Lab. of Advanced Functional Materials; Rettenmayr, Markus [Jena Univ. (Germany). Otto Schott Inst. of Materials Research; Jena Univ. (Germany). Center for Energy and Environmental

2017-11-15

Investigations on the thermodynamics of alloy-type anode materials have been carried out for the quaternary Li-C-Si-Sn system. Phase equilibria and phase stabilities were characterized in the binary subsystems Li-C, Li-Si, Li-Sn. The Calphad method was first used to optimize or completely re-establish all binary subsystems containing Li. For reasons of consistency, the binary subsystem Si-C had to be revisited and its Calphad description was modified. The ternary phase diagrams were then tentatively calculated by extrapolation from the binary subsystems and confirmed by key experiments. No ternary compounds were found. In order to verify the applicability of the anode materials in real batteries, some of the materials were nanostructured by ball milling and spark plasma sintering, the corresponding nanostructures were characterized. Theoretical predictions that nanograined Li{sub 2}C{sub 2} can also be used as cathode material were verified experimentally. The methodologies worked out in the present project (e.g. nanoscale structure transmission electron microscopy analysis, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) were also employed in other projects and led to publications concerning other materials such as Mg alloys, carbon nanofibers and an Mn-based antiperovskite.

Phase relations in the SiC-Al2O3-Pr2O3 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan, W.; Wu, L.; Jiang, Y.; Huang, Z.

2016-01-01

Phase relations in the Si-Al-Pr-O-C system, including the SiC-Al 2 O 3 -Pr 2 O 3 , the Al 2 O 3 -Pr 2 O 3 -SiO 2 and the SiC-Al 2 O 3 -Pr 2 O 3 -SiO 2 subsystems, were determined by means of XRD phase analysis of solid-state-reacted samples fabricated by using SiC, Al 2 O 3 , Pr 2 O 3 and SiO 2 powders as the starting materials. Subsolidus phase diagrams of the systems were presented. Two Pr-aluminates, namely PrAlO 3 (PrAP) and PrAl 11 O 18 (β(Pr) β-Al 2 O 3 type) were formed in the SiC-Al 2 O 3 -Pr 2 O 3 system. SiC was compatible with both of them. Pr-silicates of Pr 2 SiO 5 , Pr 2 Si 2 O 7 and Pr 9.33 Si 6 O 26 (H(Pr) apatite type) were formed owing to presence of SiO 2 impurity in the SiC powder. The presence of the SiO 2 extended the ternary system of SiC-Al 2 O 3 -Pr 2 O 3 into a quaternary system of SiC-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Pr 2 O 3 (Si-Al-Pr-O-C). SiC was compatible with Al 2 O 3 , Pr 2 O 3 and the Pr-silicates. The effect of SiO 2 on the phase relations and liquid phase sintering of SiC ceramics was discussed.

Critical thickness of transition from 2D to 3D growth and peculiarities of quantum dots formation in GexSi1-x/Sn/Si and Ge1-ySny/Si systems

Science.gov (United States)

Lozovoy, Kirill A.; Kokhanenko, Andrey P.; Voitsekhovskii, Alexander V.

2018-03-01

Nowadays using of tin as one of the deposited materials in GeSi/Sn/Si, GeSn/Si and GeSiSn/Si material systems is one of the most topical problems. These materials are very promising for various applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics due to possibility of band gap management and synthesis of direct band semiconductors within these systems. However, there is a lack of theoretical investigations devoted to the peculiarities of germanium on silicon growth in the presence of tin. In this paper a new theoretical approach for modeling growth processes of binary and ternary semiconductor compounds during the molecular beam epitaxy in these systems is presented. The established kinetic model based on the general nucleation theory takes into account the change in physical and mechanical parameters, diffusion coefficient and surface energies in the presence of tin. With the help of the developed model the experimentally observed significant decrease in the 2D-3D transition temperatures for GeSiSn/Si system compared to GeSi/Si system is theoretically explained for the first time in the literature. Besides that, the derived expressions allow one to explain the experimentally observed temperature dependencies of the critical thickness, as well as to predict the average size and surface density of quantum dots for different contents and temperatures in growth experiment, that confirms applicability of the model proposed. Moreover, the established model can be easily applied to other material systems in which the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode occurs.

Mechanisms controlling temperature dependent mechanical and electrical behavior of SiH4 reduced chemically vapor deposited W

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joshi, R.V.; Prasad, V.; Krusin-Elbaum, L.; Yu, M.; Norcott, M.

1990-01-01

The effects of deposition temperature on growth, composition, structure, adhesion properties, stress, and resistivity of chemically vapor deposited W deposited purely by SiH 4 reduction of WF 6 are discussed. At lower deposition temperatures, due to incomplete Si reduction reaction, a small amount of Si is incorporated in the film. This elemental Si in W is responsible for the observed high stresses and high resistivities over a wide temperature range. With the increase in the deposition temperature, the conversion of incorporated Si as well as the initial Si reduction are taking place, stimulating increased grain growth and thereby relieving stress and reducing resistivity. The optimum values for stress and resistivity are achieved around 500 degree C, as Si content is at its minimum. At higher temperatures the reaction between residual Si and W, is the prime cause of resistivity increase

Enhancing the Photovoltage of Ni/ n-Si Photoanode for Water Oxidation through a Rapid Thermal Process.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Shengyang; She, Guangwei; Chen, Cheng; Zhang, Shaoyang; Mu, Lixuan; Guo, Xiangxin; Shi, Wensheng

2018-03-14

The Ni in the Ni/ n-Si photoanode can not only protect Si from corrosion, but also catalyze the water oxidation reaction. However, the high density of interface states at the Ni/ n-Si interface could pin the Fermi level of silicon, which will lower the Schottky barrier height of the Ni/ n-Si. As a result, a low photovoltage and consequent high onset potential of Ni/ n-Si photoanode for water oxidation were generated. In this study, the interfacial states of the Ni/ n-Si photoanodes were efficiently diminished through a rapid thermal process (RTP). Calculated from the Mott-Schottky plots, the Schottky barrier height of Ni/ n-Si was increased from 0.58 to 0.78 eV after RTP. Under the illumination of 100 mW cm -2 of the Xe lamp, the onset potential of the Ni/ n-Si photoanode for water oxidation was negatively shifted for 150 mV after RTP. Besides, the RTP-treated Ni/ n-Si photoanode exhibited a high stability during the PEC water oxidation of 8 h in 1 M KOH solution.

Thermodynamic modeling of Al–U–X (X = Si,Zr)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rabin, Daniel; Shneck, Roni Z.; Rafailov, Gennady; Dahan, Isaac; Meshi, Louisa; Brosh, Eli

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Thermodynamic models of the U–Al–Si and U–Al–Zr systems were constructed. • The extrapolation methods of the ternary liquid phase were explored. • The order–disorder transition of the U(Al,Si) 3 phase was modeled. • New experiments fix the composition of U(Al,Si) 3 in equilibrium with Al and Si. • Effects of Si on microstructures of solidified U–Al alloys are clarified. - Abstract: Thermodynamic models are constructed for the U–Al–Si and U–A–Zr ternary alloy systems using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method. For the U–Al–Zr system the modeling covers only the aluminum-rich corner (from 100 at% to 67 at% Al) and is based only on literature data. For the U–Al–Si system, the whole range of compositions is covered and new key experiments were done in the uranium-poor region of the U–Al–Si system. These experiments have shown that under conditions of equilibrium with Al and Si, the Si-content of the U(Al,Si) 3 is significantly higher than reported by earlier works. Different extrapolation methods were tried for the Gibbs energy of the liquid phase. However, it was found that for the U–Al–Si and U–Al–Zr systems, symmetric Muggianu method and the asymmetric method by Hillert give similar predictions. The constructed thermodynamic database was investigated by calculating isothermal sections, vertical sections and the liquidus projection. The calculated diagrams are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Finally, solidification simulation (Scheil simulation) was done in order to assess the phases obtained in solidification as a function of the silicon addition to U–Al alloys

Calculation of solidification microstructure maps for the system Al-Fe-Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gilgien, P.

1996-01-01

Computer programs have been developed in order to calculate solidification microstructure maps for binary and ternary alloys. These programs are based on recent analytical models for the constrained growth of dendrites and eutectics. Due to the importance of phase diagrams data, programs for the calculation of growth kinetics are coupled with ThermoCalc, a commercial software for phase diagram calculations. These programs have been used to calculate a solidification microstructure map for the Al-Fe system from 0 to 4 at%Fe. Comparison of the calculated results with an experimental solidification microstructure map from the literature shows that all microstructure transitions were predicted. Nevertheless there remain significant discrepancies between some calculated and experimental transition velocities. The programs were also used to calculate solidification microstructure maps in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Fe-Si system (0 to 8 at% Fe and 0 to 8 at% Si). In this case also, calculated results were in satisfactory agreement with experimental solidification microstructure maps, although the comparison was only partial since experimental ternary microstructure maps are less complete than for the binary system, and because the available thermodynamic database does not, as yet, include metastable phases. Laser surface remelting experiments were carried out on an Al-4 at% Fe alloy in order to link results from the literature, obtained at high solidification rates by laser surface remelting and at low solidification rates by Bridman experiments. Finally, Bridman experiments were carried out with an Al-2.63 wt% Fe alloy in order to determine the critical velocity at which a planar Al-Al 13 Fe 4 eutectic front is destabilised in a cellular eutectic by a small amount of Si. The critical solidification velocity thus obtained was in agreement with a criterion of constitutional undercooling. (author) figs., tabs., refs

The chemical composition and band gap of amorphous Si:C:N:H layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swatowska, Barbara, E-mail: swatow@agh.edu.pl [AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow (Poland); Kluska, Stanislawa; Jurzecka-Szymacha, Maria [AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow (Poland); Stapinski, Tomasz [AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow (Poland); Tkacz-Smiech, Katarzyna [AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow (Poland)

2016-05-15

Highlights: • Six type of amorphous hydrogenated films were obtained and analysed. • Investigated chemical bondings strongly influenced energy gap values. • Analysed layers could be applied as semiconductors and also as dielectrics. - Abstract: In this work we presented the correlation between the chemical composition of amorphous Si:C:N:H layers of various content of silicon, carbon and nitrogen, and their band gap. The series of amorphous Si:C:N:H layers were obtained by plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition method in which plasma was generated by RF (13.56 MHz, 300 W) and MW (2.45 GHz, 2 kW) onto monocrystalline silicon Si(001) and borosilicate glass. Structural studies were based on FTIR transmission spectrum registered within wavenumbers 400–4000 cm{sup −1}. The presence of Si−C, Si−N, C−N, C=N, C=C, C≡N, Si−H and C−H bonds was shown. The values band gap of the layers have been determined from spectrophotometric and ellipsometric measurements. The respective values are contained in the range between 1.64 eV – characteristic for typical semiconductor and 4.21 eV – for good dielectric, depending on the chemical composition and atomic structure of the layers.

Double Z-scheme ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 ternary structure for efficient photocatalytic H2 production

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Zhifang; Wu, Yan; Thirugnanam, Natarajan; Li, Gonglin

2018-02-01

In the present work, a novel ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite with double Z-scheme heterojunction has been designed via a two-step facile chemical conversion route. The spherical ZnS nanoparticles were uniformly loaded onto ZnO nanoflowers surface. And then the ZnO/ZnS nanocomposite was further hybridized with g-C3N4 nanosheets. Ternary ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite displays the largest specific surface area (about 76.2 m2/g), which provides plentiful activated sites for photocatalytic reaction. Furthermore, the ternary material exhibits the highest methylene blue photodegradation rate of about 0.0218 min-1 and the optimum photocatalytic H2 production (1205 μmol/g) over water splitting at 4 h under solar light irradiation. Moreover, it showed the highest photocurrent effect and the minimum charge-transfer resistance. These results implied that the higher photoactivity of ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite could be attributed to the multi-steps charge transfer and effective electron-hole separation in the double Z-scheme system.

Contribution to the benchmark for ternary mixtures: Measurement of diffusion and Soret coefficients of ternary system tetrahydronaphtalene-isobutylbenzene-n-dodecane with mass fractions 80-10-10 at 25 °C.

Science.gov (United States)

Galand, Quentin; Van Vaerenbergh, Stéfan

2015-04-01

This paper provides the molecular diffusion and Soret coefficients of the ternary system 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalene, isobutylbenzene, n -dodecane system at mass fractions 0.8-0.1-0.1 and temperature 25 (°)C for implementation into the benchmark presented in this topical issue. The Soret coefficients are determined by digital interferometry using the data of DSC-DCMIX microgravity experiment. The method used takes into account the influence of the thermal field on the Soret separations and the selection of the image processing techniques results in reproducible Soret coefficients.The diffusion coefficients are obtained by the Open Ended Capillary technique The fitting of the data collected through a set of two complementary experimental runs allows retrieving the four Fickian diffusion coefficients.

Tungsten chemical vapor deposition characteristics using SiH4 in a single wafer system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosler, R.S.; Mendonca, J.; Rice, M.J. Jr.

1988-01-01

Several workers have recently begun using silane as a high-rate, low-temperature alternative to hydrogen for the reduction of WF 6 in the chemical vapor deposition of W. The deposition and film characteristics of both selective and blanket W using this new chemistry are explored in a radiantly heated single wafer system using closed-loop temperature control with a thermocouple in direct contact with the backside of the wafer. Selective W deposition rates of up to 1.5 μm/min were measured over the temperature range 250--550 0 C with blanket W rates typically 2--5 x lower. Resistivity is in the 10--15 μΩcm range at 300 0 C for SiH 4 /WF 6 ratios of 0.2 to 1.0, while above 400 0 C the range is 7.5--8.5 μΩcm. Si content in the W films is quite low at 10 16 to 10 17 atoms/cm 3 . Adhesion to silicon is excellent at temperatures of 350 0 C and above. Selective W using SiH 4 reduction for doped silicon contact fill shows none of the consumption or encroachment problems common to H 2 reduction, although selectivity is more sensitive. Contact resistance for p + and n + silicon contacts are comparable to aluminum controls and to previously published data. Blanket deposition into narrow geometries gives ≥0% step coverage and without keyholes in the 250--450 0 C deposition temperature range. For low-SiH 4 flows, deposition at 500 0 C causes small keyholes, while at 550 0 C even larger keyholes result. At higher SiH 4 flows, keyholes are typically not seen from 250 to 550 0 C

Low-velocity Shocks Traced by Extended SiO Emission along the W43 Ridges: Witnessing the Formation of Young Massive Clusters

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen-Lu'o'ng, Q.; Motte, F.; Carlhoff, P.; Louvet, F.; Lesaffre, P.; Schilke, P.; Hill, T.; Hennemann, M.; Gusdorf, A.; Didelon, P.; Schneider, N.; Bontemps, S.; Duarte-Cabral, A.; Menten, K. M.; Martin, P. G.; Wyrowski, F.; Bendo, G.; Roussel, H.; Bernard, J.-P.; Bronfman, L.; Henning, T.; Kramer, C.; Heitsch, F.

2013-10-01

The formation of high-mass stars is tightly linked to that of their parental clouds. Here, we focus on the high-density parts of W43, a molecular cloud undergoing an efficient event of star formation. Using a column density image derived from Herschel continuum maps, we identify two high-density filamentary clouds, called the W43-MM1 and W43-MM2 ridges. Both have gas masses of 2.1 × 104 M ⊙ and 3.5 × 104 M ⊙ above >10^{23}\\, {{cm}^{-2}} and within areas of ~6 and ~14 pc2, respectively. The W43-MM1 and W43-MM2 ridges are structures that are coherent in velocity and gravitationally bound, despite their large velocity dispersion measured by the N2H+ (1-0) lines of the W43-HERO IRAM large program. Another intriguing result is that these ridges harbor widespread (~10 pc2) bright SiO (2-1) emission, which we interpret to be the result of low-velocity shocks (models to demonstrate that a small percentage (10%) of Si atoms in low-velocity shocks, observed initially in gas phase or in grain mantles, can explain the observed SiO column density in the W43 ridges. The spatial and velocity overlaps between the ridges of high-density gas and the shocked SiO gas suggest that ridges could be forming via colliding flows driven by gravity and accompanied by low-velocity shocks. This mechanism may be the initial conditions for the formation of young massive clusters.

Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Zr-Cu-Ni ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Mujin; Wang, Cuiping; Yang, Shuiyuan; Shi, Zhan; Han, Jiajia; Liu, Xingjun

2017-01-01

The phase equilibria in the Zr-Cu-Ni ternary system are investigated combined with X-ray diffraction, electron probe micro-analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Two isothermal sections of the Zr-Cu-Ni ternary system at 1 000 C and 1 100 C are experimentally established. Most of the binary intermetallic compounds, e.g. Zr 7 Ni 10 , ZrNi, ZrNi 5 , Zr 14 Cu 51 , and Zr 2 Cu 9 , show a remarkable ternary solubility. A new ternary compound named τ 3 (Zr 31.1-30.7 . Cu 28.5-40.3 Ni 40.4-29.0 ) is detected at 1 000 C and dissolved at 1 020 C because the nearby large liquid phase field further expands. The newly determined phase equilibria will provide important information for both thermodynamic assessment and alloy design of Zr-based metallic glass.

LOW-VELOCITY SHOCKS TRACED BY EXTENDED SiO EMISSION ALONG THE W43 RIDGES: WITNESSING THE FORMATION OF YOUNG MASSIVE CLUSTERS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen-Luong, Q.; Martin, P. G.; Motte, F.; Louvet, F.; Hill, T.; Hennemann, M.; Didelon, P.; Carlhoff, P.; Schilke, P.; Lesaffre, P.; Gusdorf, A.; Schneider, N.; Bontemps, S.; Duarte-Cabral, A.; Menten, K. M.; Wyrowski, F.; Bendo, G.; Roussel, H.; Bernard, J.-P.; Bronfman, L.

2013-01-01

The formation of high-mass stars is tightly linked to that of their parental clouds. Here, we focus on the high-density parts of W43, a molecular cloud undergoing an efficient event of star formation. Using a column density image derived from Herschel continuum maps, we identify two high-density filamentary clouds, called the W43-MM1 and W43-MM2 ridges. Both have gas masses of 2.1 × 10 4 M ☉ and 3.5 × 10 4 M ☉ above >10 23 cm -2 and within areas of ∼6 and ∼14 pc 2 , respectively. The W43-MM1 and W43-MM2 ridges are structures that are coherent in velocity and gravitationally bound, despite their large velocity dispersion measured by the N 2 H + (1-0) lines of the W43-HERO IRAM large program. Another intriguing result is that these ridges harbor widespread (∼10 pc 2 ) bright SiO (2-1) emission, which we interpret to be the result of low-velocity shocks (≤10 km s –1 ). We measure a significant relationship between the SiO (2-1) luminosity and velocity extent and show that it distinguishes our observations from the high-velocity shocks associated with outflows. We use state-of-the-art shock models to demonstrate that a small percentage (10%) of Si atoms in low-velocity shocks, observed initially in gas phase or in grain mantles, can explain the observed SiO column density in the W43 ridges. The spatial and velocity overlaps between the ridges of high-density gas and the shocked SiO gas suggest that ridges could be forming via colliding flows driven by gravity and accompanied by low-velocity shocks. This mechanism may be the initial conditions for the formation of young massive clusters

Duckweed does not improve the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment in lemna system plants / Rzęsa nie poprawia efektywności oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w oczyszczalniach typu Lemna System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ozimek Teresa

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Badania prowadzono w trzech czyszczalniach hydrofi towych z powierzchniowym przepływem ścieków typu Lemna System, zbudowanych według projektu Lemna Corporation. Składają się one ze stawu napowietrzanego i stawu rzęsowego wyposażonego w system barier mających na celu równomierne rozmieszczenie roślin. Stawy poprzedzone są osadnikiem wstępnym. Według projektantów odpowiednia praca tych oczyszczalni związana jest z występowaniem rzęsy na powierzchni stawu rzęsowego. Badano efektywność oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w trzech oczyszczalniach Lemna System usytuowanych w centralnej Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli stawu rzęsowego i samej rzęsy. Oczyszczalnie różniły się między sobą występowaniem rzęsy. W dwóch z nich (w Rakowie i Bąkowcu w trakcie całego okresu badań rzęsa nie występowała, natomiast w trzeciej (w Falęcinie Starym w okresie wegetacyjnym pokrywała do 90%.powierzchni stawu. Efektywność oczyszczanie ścieków nie różniła się w oczyszczalni z rzęsą i bez rzęsy. Rzęsa nie wpływała istotnie na efektywność oczyszczania ścieków. We wszystkich oczyszczalniach główną rolę w redukcji zanieczyszczeń odgrywał staw napowietrzany

Fabrication of porous ethyl cellulose microspheres based on the acetone-glycerin-water ternary system: Controlling porosity via the solvent-removal mode.

Science.gov (United States)

Murakami, Masahiro; Matsumoto, Akihiro; Watanabe, Chie; Kurumado, Yu; Takama, Masashi

2015-08-01

Porous ethyl cellulose (EC) microspheres were prepared from the acetone-glycerin-water ternary system using an oil/water (O/W)-type emulsion solvent extraction method. The O/ W type emulsion was prepared using acetone dissolved ethyl cellulose as an oil phase and aqueous glycerin as a water phase. The effects of the different solvent extraction modes on the porosity of the microspheres were investigated. The specific surface area of the porous EC microspheres was estimated by the gas adsorption method. When the solvent was extracted rapidly by mixing the emulsion with water instantaneously, porous EC microspheres with a maximum specific surface area of 40.7±2.1 m2/g were obtained. On the other hand, when water was added gradually to the emulsion, the specific surface area of the fabricated microspheres decreased rapidly with an increase in the infusion period, with the area being 25-45% of the maximum value. The results of an analysis of the ternary phase diagram of the system suggested that the penetration of water and glycerin from the continuous phase to the dispersed phase before solidification affected the porosity of the fabricated EC microspheres.

Corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-W and Ni-Fe-W alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sriraman, K.R.; Ganesh Sundara Raman, S.; Seshadri, S.K.

2007-01-01

The present work deals with evaluation of corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-W and Ni-Fe-W alloys. Corrosion behaviour of the coatings deposited on steel substrates was studied using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in 3.5% NaCl solution while their passivation behaviour was studied in 1N sulphuric acid solution. The corrosion resistance of Ni-W alloys increased with tungsten content up to 7.54 at.% and then decreased. In case of Ni-Fe-W alloys it increased with tungsten content up to 9.20 at.% and then decreased. The ternary alloy coatings exhibited poor corrosion resistance compared to binary alloy coatings due to preferential dissolution of iron from the matrix. Regardless of composition all the alloys exhibited passivation behaviour over a wide range of potentials due to the formation of tungsten rich film on the surface

Performance study of SKIROC2/A ASIC for ILD Si-W ECAL

Science.gov (United States)

Suehara, T.; Sekiya, I.; Callier, S.; Balagura, V.; Boudry, V.; Brient, J.-C.; de la Taille, C.; Kawagoe, K.; Irles, A.; Magniette, F.; Nanni, J.; Pöschl, R.; Yoshioka, T.

2018-03-01

The ILD Si-W ECAL is a sampling calorimeter with tungsten absorber and highly segmented silicon layers for the International Large Detector (ILD), one of the two detector concepts for the International Linear Collider. SKIROC2 is an ASIC for the ILD Si-W ECAL. To investigate the issues found in prototype detectors, we prepared dedicated ASIC evaluation boards with either BGA sockets or directly soldered SKIROC2. We report a performance study with the evaluation boards, including signal-to-noise ratio and TDC performance with comparing SKIROC2 and an updated version, SKIROC2A.

Phase equilibria of the Mo-Al-Ho ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Yitai; Chen, Xiaoxian; Liu, Hao [Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering; Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials; Zhan, Yongzhong [Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering; Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials; Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). Center of Ecological Collaborative Innovation for Aluminum Industry

2017-08-15

Investigation into the reactions and phase equilibria of transition metal elements (i.e. Mo, Zr, Cr, V and Ti), Al and rare earths is academically and industrially important for the development of both refractory alloys and lightweight high-temperature materials. In this work, the equilibria of the Mo-Al-Ho ternary system at 773 K have been determined by using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. A new ternary phase Al{sub 4}Mo{sub 2}Ho has been found and the other ternary phase Al{sub 43}Mo{sub 4}Ho{sub 6} is observed. Ten binary phases in the Al-Mo and Al-Ho systems, including Al{sub 17}Mo{sub 4} rather than Al{sub 4}Mo, have been determined to exist at 773 K. The homogeneity ranges of AlMo{sub 3} and Al{sub 8}Mo{sub 3} phase are 7.5 at.% and 1 at.%, respectively. According to the phase-disappearing method, the maximum solubility of Al in Mo is about 16 at.%.

Effects of Si content on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu nanocomposite coatings

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Changjie; Hu, Shuilian; Jiang, Yuanfei; Wu, Namei; Li, Mingsheng; Xin, Li; Zhu, Shenglong; Wang, Fuhui

2014-11-01

TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu nanocomposite coatings of various Si content (0-5.09 at.%) were deposited on AISI-304 stainless steel by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of these coatings were systematically investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), nanoindentation tester, a home-made indentation system, a scratch tester and a wear tester. Results indicated that with increasing Si content in these coatings, a reduction of grain size and surface roughness, a transformation of the (1 1 1) preferred orientation was detected by XRD and FESEM. Furthermore the hardness of these coatings increase from 9.672 GPa to 18.628 GPa, and the elastic modulus reveal the rising trend that increase from 224.654 GPa to 251.933 GPa. However, the elastic modulus of TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content dropped rapidly and changed to about 180.775 GPa. The H3/E2 ratio is proportional to the film resistance to plastic deformation. The H3/E2 ratio of the TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content possess of the maximum of 0.11 GPa, and the indentation test indicate that few and fine cracks were observed from its indentation morphologies. The growth pattern of cracks is mainly bending growing. The present results show that the best toughness is obtained for TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu nanocomposite coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content. In addition, the TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content also has good adhesion property and superior wear resistance, and the wear mechanism is mainly adhesion wear.

Ternary-fragmentation-driving potential energies of 252Cf

Science.gov (United States)

Karthikraj, C.; Ren, Zhongzhou

2017-12-01

Within the framework of a simple macroscopic model, the ternary-fragmentation-driving potential energies of 252Cf are studied. In this work, all possible ternary-fragment combinations of 252Cf are generated by the use of atomic mass evaluation-2016 (AME2016) data and these combinations are minimized by using a two-dimensional minimization approach. This minimization process can be done in two ways: (i) with respect to proton numbers (Z1, Z2, Z3) and (ii) with respect to neutron numbers (N1, N2, N3) of the ternary fragments. In this paper, the driving potential energies for the ternary breakup of 252Cf are presented for both the spherical and deformed as well as the proton-minimized and neutron-minimized ternary fragments. From the proton-minimized spherical ternary fragments, we have obtained different possible ternary configurations with a minimum driving potential, in particular, the experimental expectation of Sn + Ni + Ca ternary fragmentation. However, the neutron-minimized ternary fragments exhibit a driving potential minimum in the true-ternary-fission (TTF) region as well. Further, the Q -value energy systematics of the neutron-minimized ternary fragments show larger values for the TTF fragments. From this, we have concluded that the TTF region fragments with the least driving potential and high Q values have a strong possibility in the ternary fragmentation of 252Cf. Further, the role of ground-state deformations (β2, β3, β4, and β6) in the ternary breakup of 252Cf is also studied. The deformed ternary fragmentation, which involves Z3=12 -19 fragments, possesses the driving potential minimum due to the larger oblate deformations. We also found that the ground-state deformations, particularly β2, strongly influence the driving potential energies and play a major role in determining the most probable fragment combinations in the ternary breakup of 252Cf.

Using a Ternary Diagram to Display a System's Evolving Energy Distribution

Science.gov (United States)

Brazzle, Bob; Tapp, Anne

2016-01-01

A ternary diagram is a graphical representation used for systems with three components. They are familiar to mineralogists (who typically use them to categorize varieties of solid solution minerals such as feldspar) but are not yet widely used in the physics community. Last year the lead author began using ternary diagrams in his introductory…

Piezoelectric characterization of Sc0.26Al0.74N layers on Si (001) substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Sinusía Lozano, M.; Pérez-Campos, A.; Reusch, M.; Kirste, L.; Fuchs, Th; Žukauskaitė, A.; Chen, Z.; Iriarte, G. F.

2018-03-01

Scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN) films have been synthesized by pulsed-DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The degree of c-axis orientation as well as piezoelectric characteristics of the Sc0.26Al0.74N thin films grown on Si (001) at various discharge powers and processing pressures values have been investigated. According to x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the texture of the as-grown Sc0.26Al0.74N thin films becomes more prominent in the [0001]-direction at the highest target power (700 W) and at the lowest processing pressure (4 mTorr). The piezoelectric response, as determined by measuring the d33 piezoelectric constant, shows a maximum value of -12 pC/N also at 4 mTorr and 700 W, confirming a direct correlation between the d33 piezoelectric constant and the degree of orientation in the [0001]-direction. The atomic concentration of Sc and Al in the synthesized ScAlN thin film, determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), reveals a Sc concentration lower than in the ScAl alloy target. The piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) shows homogeneous polarity distribution with no inversion domains. The piezoelectric layers have been used to fabricate and measure surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators on a Sc0.26Al0.74N/Si (001) bilayer system with resonance frequency of 1.4 GHz and coupling coefficient of 0.567. Such characteristic in the frequency response reveals the potential of these materials for advanced SAW devices in applications such as next generation (5 G) wireless communication systems.

New ternary hydride formation in U-Ti-H system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Takuya; Kayano, Hideo; Yamawaki, Michio.

1991-01-01

Hydrogen absorption properties of two titanium-rich uranium alloys, UTi 2 and UTi 4 , were studied in order to prepare and identify the recently found ternary hydride. They slowly reacted with hydrogen of the initial pressure of 10 5 Pa at 873K to form the ternary hydride. The hydrogenated specimen mainly consisted of the pursued ternary hydride but contained also U(or UO 2 ), TiH x , and some transient phases. X-ray powder diffraction and Electron Probe Micro Analysis proved that it was the UTi 2 H x with the expected MgCu 2 structure, though all the X-ray peaks were broad probably because of inhomogeneity. This compound had extremely high resistance to powdering on its formation, which showed high potential utilities for a non-powdering tritium storage system or for other purposes. (author)

Thermodynamic modeling of Al–U–X (X = Si,Zr)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rabin, Daniel; Shneck, Roni Z. [Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105 (Israel); Rafailov, Gennady [Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105 (Israel); NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190 (Israel); Dahan, Isaac [NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190 (Israel); Meshi, Louisa [Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105 (Israel); Brosh, Eli, E-mail: ebrosh1@gmail.com [NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190 (Israel)

2015-09-15

Highlights: • Thermodynamic models of the U–Al–Si and U–Al–Zr systems were constructed. • The extrapolation methods of the ternary liquid phase were explored. • The order–disorder transition of the U(Al,Si){sub 3} phase was modeled. • New experiments fix the composition of U(Al,Si){sub 3} in equilibrium with Al and Si. • Effects of Si on microstructures of solidified U–Al alloys are clarified. - Abstract: Thermodynamic models are constructed for the U–Al–Si and U–A–Zr ternary alloy systems using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method. For the U–Al–Zr system the modeling covers only the aluminum-rich corner (from 100 at% to 67 at% Al) and is based only on literature data. For the U–Al–Si system, the whole range of compositions is covered and new key experiments were done in the uranium-poor region of the U–Al–Si system. These experiments have shown that under conditions of equilibrium with Al and Si, the Si-content of the U(Al,Si){sub 3} is significantly higher than reported by earlier works. Different extrapolation methods were tried for the Gibbs energy of the liquid phase. However, it was found that for the U–Al–Si and U–Al–Zr systems, symmetric Muggianu method and the asymmetric method by Hillert give similar predictions. The constructed thermodynamic database was investigated by calculating isothermal sections, vertical sections and the liquidus projection. The calculated diagrams are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Finally, solidification simulation (Scheil simulation) was done in order to assess the phases obtained in solidification as a function of the silicon addition to U–Al alloys.

Formation, structure, and phonon confinement effect of nanocrystalline Si1-xGex in SiO2-Si-Ge cosputtered films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Y.M.; Wu, X.L.; Siu, G.G.; Huang, G.S.; Shen, J.C.; Hu, D.S.

2004-01-01

Using magnetron cosputtering of SiO 2 , Ge, and Si targets, Si-based SiO 2 :Ge:Si films were fabricated for exploring the influence of Si target proportion (P Si ) and annealing temperature (Ta) on formation, local structure, and phonon properties of nanocrystalline Si 1-x Ge x (nc-Si 1-x Ge x ). At low P Si and Ta higher than 800 deg. C, no nc-Si 1-x Ge x but a kind of composite nanocrystal consisting of a Ge core, GeSi shell, and amorphous Si outer shell is formed in the SiO 2 matrix. At moderate P Si , nc-Si 1-x Ge x begins to be formed at Ta=800 deg. C and coexists with nc-Ge at Ta=1100 deg. C. At high P Si , it was disclosed that both optical phonon frequency and lattice spacing of nc-Si 1-x Ge x increase with raising Ta. The possible origin of this phenomenon is discussed by considering three factors, the phonon confinement, strain effect, and composition variation of nc-Si 1-x Ge x . This work will be helpful in understanding the growth process of ternary GeSiO films and beneficial to further investigations on optical properties of nc-Ge 1-x Si x in the ternary matrix

NiS and MoS2 nanosheet co-modified graphitic C3N4 ternary heterostructure for high efficient visible light photodegradation of antibiotic.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Xuejun; Wang, Yu; Zhang, Xinyi; Xu, Guangqing; Wang, Dongmei; Lv, Jun; Zheng, Zhixiang; Wu, Yucheng

2018-01-05

The development of efficient solar driven catalytic system for the degradation of antibiotics has become increasingly important in environmental protection and remediation. Non-noble-metal NiS and MoS 2 nanosheet co-modified graphitic C 3 N 4 ternary heterostructure has been synthesized via a facile combination of hydrothermal and ultrasound method, and the ternary heterostructure has been utilized for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic agents. The antibiotics of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) were photodegraded by the hybrid under the visible light. The optimal photodegradation rate of the ternary heterostructure reaches about 96% after 2h irradiation, which is 2.1 times higher than that of pure g-C 3 N 4 for TC degradation. The photocatalytic degradation rates of the ternary heterostructure for both CIP and TC obey the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The enhanced visible light adsorption and charge separation efficiency contribute to the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterostructure. This work provides new insights and pathways by which efficient degradation of antibiotics can be achieved and will stimulate further studies in this important field. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Corrosive sliding wear behavior of laser clad Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi intermetallic coating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, X.D.; Wang, H.M.

2005-01-01

Many ternary metal silicides such as W 2 Ni 3 Si, Ti 2 Ni 3 Si and Mo 2 Ni 3 Si with the topologically closed-packed (TCP) hP12 MgZn 2 type Laves phase crystal structure are expected to have outstanding wear and corrosion resistance due to their inherent high hardness and sluggish temperature dependence and strong atomic bonds. In this paper, Mo 2 Ni 3 Si/NiSi intermetallic coating was fabricated on substrate of an austenitic stainless steel AISI321 by laser cladding using Ni-Mo-Si elemental alloy powders. Microstructure of the coating was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). Wear resistance of the coating is evaluated under corrosive sliding wear test condition. Influence of corrosion solutions on the wear resistance of the coating was studied and the wear mechanism was discussed based on observations of worn surface morphology. Results showed that the laser clad Mo 2 Ni 3 Si/NiSi composite coating have a fine microstructure of Mo 2 Ni 3 Si primary dendrites and the interdendritic Mo 2 Ni 3 Si/NiSi eutectics. The coating has excellent corrosive wear resistance compared with austenitic stainless steel AISI321 under acid, alkaline and saline corrosive environments

Experimental and thermodynamic investigation of Al-Cu-Nd ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bai, W.M. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China); Jiang, Y. [Hunan Sushi Guangbo Testing Techniques Co. LTD, Changsha (China); Guo, Z.Y.; Zeng, L.J.; Tan, M.Y. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China); Meggs, C. [School of Metallurgy and Materials, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT (United Kingdom); Zhang, L.G., E-mail: ligangzhang@csu.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China); Liu, L.B., E-mail: pdc@csu.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China); Jin, Z.P. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China)

2017-07-01

The phase relationships in the Al–Cu-Nd ternary system at 673 K have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in backscattered electron imaging (BSE) modes. The existence of six ternary Stoichiometric compounds, namely τ{sub 1}-Al{sub 8}Cu{sub 4}Nd, τ{sub 2}-Al{sub 9}Cu{sub 8}Nd{sub 2}, τ{sub 3}-Al{sub 6}Cu{sub 7}Nd, τ{sub 4}-Al{sub 2.4}Cu{sub 8.6}Nd, τ{sub 5}-Al{sub 3}CuNd, τ{sub 6}-AlCuNd, have been confirmed. A complete thermodynamic description of the Al–Cu-Nd ternary system coupled with the CALPHAD method is obtained based on experimental results and first-principles calculations. The calculated phase equilibria were in agreement with the available experimental data. - Highlights: • Phase relationships in the Al-Cu-Nd system has been systematically investigated. • 9 three-phase regions and 4 two-phase regions are confirmed. • A complete thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Nd system is obtained. • Results of first-principle calculation consist with thermodynamic calculation.

An unprecedented extended architecture constructed from a 2-D interpenetrating cationic coordination framework templated by SiW12O404- anion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiuli; Lin Hongyan; Bi Yanfeng; Chen Baokuan; Liu Guocheng

2008-01-01

A novel inorganic-organic hybrid compound based on polyoxometalates (POMs) and organic ligand formulated as [Cu 2 (bpp) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ](SiW 12 O 40 )∼6H 2 O (1) [bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane], was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, IR, TG, and cyclic voltammetry. Crystal data for 1: Orthorhombic, Pbcn, a=23.0085(19) A, b=14.6379(12) A, c=23.6226(19) A, V=7956.0(11) A 3 , Z=4, Dc=3.315 g cm -3 , and R(final)=0.0826. X-ray diffraction study reveals that compound 1 was the first interpenetrating network of 2-D metal-organic cationic coordination framework [Cu 2 (bpp) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ] n 4n+ , in which Keggin-type anions SiW 12 O 40 4- has been used as a non-coordinating anionic template. The electrochemical property of 1-bulk modified carbon paste electrode (1-CPE) has been studied, and the results indicate that 1-CPE has good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of nitrite in 1 M H 2 SO 4 aqueous solution. - Graphical abstract: Compound [Cu 2 (bpp) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ](SiW 12 O 40 )∼6H 2 O (1) represents the first 2-D interpenetrating cationic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) templated by Keggin-type anions. These MOF layers are stacked together along the crystallographic c axis exactly to construct large cubic-like channels (with dimensions of 12.3x13.6 A) occupied by SiW 12 O 40 4- clusters

An improved ternary vector system for Agrobacterium-mediated rapid maize transformation.

Science.gov (United States)

Anand, Ajith; Bass, Steven H; Wu, Emily; Wang, Ning; McBride, Kevin E; Annaluru, Narayana; Miller, Michael; Hua, Mo; Jones, Todd J

2018-05-01

A simple and versatile ternary vector system that utilizes improved accessory plasmids for rapid maize transformation is described. This system facilitates high-throughput vector construction and plant transformation. The super binary plasmid pSB1 is a mainstay of maize transformation. However, the large size of the base vector makes it challenging to clone, the process of co-integration is cumbersome and inefficient, and some Agrobacterium strains are known to give rise to spontaneous mutants resistant to tetracycline. These limitations present substantial barriers to high throughput vector construction. Here we describe a smaller, simpler and versatile ternary vector system for maize transformation that utilizes improved accessory plasmids requiring no co-integration step. In addition, the newly described accessory plasmids have restored virulence genes found to be defective in pSB1, as well as added virulence genes. Testing of different configurations of the accessory plasmids in combination with T-DNA binary vector as ternary vectors nearly doubles both the raw transformation frequency and the number of transformation events of usable quality in difficult-to-transform maize inbreds. The newly described ternary vectors enabled the development of a rapid maize transformation method for elite inbreds. This vector system facilitated screening different origins of replication on the accessory plasmid and T-DNA vector, and four combinations were identified that have high (86-103%) raw transformation frequency in an elite maize inbred.

Microstructural characterization of an opal glass in the Na/sub 2/O-CdO-SiO/sub 2/ system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rivera, E; Celaya, L E; Rincon, J M

1987-05-01

The microstructure of an opal glass formulated in the ternary system Na/sub 2/O-CdO-SiO/sub 2/ has been determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). This type of glass shows tridymite devitrification with a high level of liquid-liquid immiscibility.

Microprobe measurements to determine phase boundaries and diffusion paths in ternary phase diagrams taking a Cu-Ni-Al system as an example

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rudolph, G.

1983-01-01

With the aid of quantitative microprobe tests, diffusion phenomena and phase formation in the ternary CuNiAl system at 600 - 900 0 C were investigated taking as an example the diffusion couple CuNi5Al5-nickel. The diffusion paths in the ternary system are dependent on temperature and assume an S-form in the copper corner of the phase diagram. In the copper corner, the curves swing away from the more rapid component aluminium towards the copper. Due to this non-linear course of the curves, the intermetallic theta-phase of the type (Ni,Cu) 3 Al can be observed as a layer at all temperatures in the boundary zone. At 800 0 C and to a lesser extend at 900 0 C the solubility of α-CuNi40 for aluminium, at around 5 mass-%, is higher than the value given by W.O. Alexander (1938). As far as it is possible with the diffusion couple under analysis, the microprobe measurements taken otherwise conform at 700 and 600 0 C the position of the phase boundary α-(Cu,Ni)/(α+theta)-miscibility gap indicated in W.O. Alexander (1938). (Author)

The ternary system K2SO4MgSO4CaSO4

Science.gov (United States)

Rowe, J.J.; Morey, G.W.; Silber, C.C.

1967-01-01

Melting and subsolidus relations in the system K2SO4MgSO4CaSO4 were studied using heating-cooling curves, differential thermal analysis, optics, X-ray diffraction at room and high temperatures and by quenching techniques. Previous investigators were unable to study the binary MgSO4CaSO4 system and the adjacent area in the ternary system because of the decomposition of MgSO4 and CaSO4 at high temperatures. This problem was partly overcome by a novel sealed-tube quenching method, by hydrothermal synthesis, and by long-time heating in the solidus. As a result of this study, we found: (1) a new compound, CaSO4??3MgSO4 (m.p. 1201??C) with a field extending into the ternary system; (2) a high temperature form of MgSO4 with a sluggishly reversible inversion. An X-ray diffraction pattern for this polymorphic form is given; (3) the inversion of ??-CaSO4 (anhydrite) to ??-CaSO4 at 1195??C, in agreement with grahmann; (1) (4) the melting point of MgSO4 is 1136??C and that of CaSO4 is 1462??C (using sealed tube methods to prevent decomposition of the sulphates); (5) calcium langbeinite (K2SO4??2CaSO4) is the only compound in the K2SO4CaSO4 binary system. This resolved discrepancies in the results of previous investigators; (6) a continuous solid solution series between congruently melting K2SOP4??2MgSO4 (langbeinite) and incongruently melting K2SO4??2CaSO4 (calcium langbeinite); (7) the liquidus in the ternary system consists of primary phase fields of K2SO4, MgSO4, CaSO4, langbeinite-calcium langbeinite solid solution, and CaSO4??3MgSO4. The CaSO4 field extends over a large portion of the system. Previously reported fields for the compounds (K2SO4??MgSO4??nCaSO4), K2SO4??3CaSO4 and K2SO4??CaSO4 were not found; (8) a minimum in the ternary system at: 740??C, 25% MgSO4, 6% CaSO4, 69% K2SO4; and ternary eutectics at 882??C, 49% MgSO4, 19% CaSO4, 32% K2SO4; and 880??, 67??5% MgSO4, 5% CaSO4, 27??5% K2SO4. ?? 1967.

Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Zr-Cu-Ni ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Mujin; Wang, Cuiping; Yang, Shuiyuan; Shi, Zhan; Han, Jiajia; Liu, Xingjun [Xiamen Univ. (China). College of Materials and Fujian Provincial Key Lab. of Materials Genome

2017-08-15

The phase equilibria in the Zr-Cu-Ni ternary system are investigated combined with X-ray diffraction, electron probe micro-analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Two isothermal sections of the Zr-Cu-Ni ternary system at 1 000 C and 1 100 C are experimentally established. Most of the binary intermetallic compounds, e.g. Zr{sub 7}Ni{sub 10}, ZrNi, ZrNi{sub 5}, Zr{sub 14}Cu{sub 51}, and Zr{sub 2}Cu{sub 9}, show a remarkable ternary solubility. A new ternary compound named τ{sub 3} (Zr{sub 31.1-30.7} . Cu{sub 28.5-40.3}Ni{sub 40.4-29.0}) is detected at 1 000 C and dissolved at 1 020 C because the nearby large liquid phase field further expands. The newly determined phase equilibria will provide important information for both thermodynamic assessment and alloy design of Zr-based metallic glass.

Structure of multilayered Cr(Al)N/SiO{sub x} nanocomposite coatings fabricated by differential pumping co-sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawasaki, Masahiro [JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (United States); Nose, Masateru [Faculty of Art and Design, University of Toyama, 180 Futagami-machi, Takaoka 933-8588 (Japan); Onishi, Ichiro [JEOL Ltd. 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan); Shiojiri, Makoto [Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585 (Japan)

2013-11-11

A Cr(Al)N/38 vol. % SiO{sub x} hard coating was prepared on a (001) Si substrate at 250 °C in a differential pumping co-sputtering system, which has two chambers for radio frequency (RF) sputtering and a substrate holder rotating on the chambers. The composite coating was grown by alternate sputter-depositions from CrAl and SiO{sub 2} targets with flows of N{sub 2}+Ar and Ar at RF powers of 200 and 75 W, respectively, on transition layers grown on the substrate. Analytical electron microscopy reveled that the Cr(Al)N/SiO{sub x} coating had a multilayered structure of Cr(Al)N crystal layers ∼1.6 nm thick and two-dimensionally dispersed amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO{sub x}) particles with sizes of ∼1 nm or less. The a-SiO{sub x} particles were enclosed with the Cr(Al)N layers. The coating had a low indentation hardness of ∼25 GPa at room temperature, due to a high oxide fraction of 38 vol. % and a low substrate rotational speed of 1 rpm. Faster rotation and lower oxide fraction would make a-SiO{sub x} particles smaller, resulting in the formation of Cr(Al)N crystal including the very fine a-SiO{sub x} particles with small number density. They would work as obstacles for the lattice deformation of the Cr(Al)N crystals. We have fabricated a superhard coating of Cr(Al)N/17 vol. % SiO{sub x} with a hardness of 46 GPa prepared at 12 rpm.

Properties of Si{sub n}, Ge{sub n}, and Si{sub n}Ge{sub n} clusters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dong, Yi; Rehman, Habib ur; Springborg, Michael [Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken (Germany)

2015-01-22

The structures of Si{sub n}, Ge{sub n}, and Si{sub n}Ge{sub n} clusters with up to 44 atoms have been determined theoretically using an unbiased structure-optimization method in combination with a parametrized, density-functional description of the total energy for a given structure. By analyzing the total energy in detail, particularly stable clusters are identified. Moreover, general trends in the structures are identified with the help of specifically constructed descriptors.

Nanocrystalline Si pathway induced unipolar resistive switching behavior from annealed Si-rich SiN{sub x}/SiN{sub y} multilayers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiang, Xiaofan; Ma, Zhongyuan, E-mail: zyma@nju.edu.cn; Yang, Huafeng; Yu, Jie; Wang, Wen; Zhang, Wenping; Li, Wei; Xu, Jun; Xu, Ling; Chen, Kunji; Huang, Xinfan; Feng, Duan [National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)

2014-09-28

Adding a resistive switching functionality to a silicon microelectronic chip is a new challenge in materials research. Here, we demonstrate that unipolar and electrode-independent resistive switching effects can be realized in the annealed Si-rich SiN{sub x}/SiN{sub y} multilayers with high on/off ratio of 10{sup 9}. High resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that for the high resistance state broken pathways composed of discrete nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) exist in the Si nitride multilayers. While for the low resistance state the discrete nc-Si regions is connected, forming continuous nc-Si pathways. Based on the analysis of the temperature dependent I-V characteristics and HRTEM photos, we found that the break-and-bridge evolution of nc-Si pathway is the origin of resistive switching memory behavior. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism of the resistive switching behavior in nc-Si films, opening a way for it to be utilized as a material in Si-based memories.

Ternary nitrogen-doped graphene/nickel ferrite/polyaniline nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Wenjuan; Hao, Qingli; Lei, Wu; Xia, Xifeng; Wang, Xin

2014-12-01

The electrochemical property of graphene can be significantly enhanced due to the incorporating of heteroatoms into graphene. In this article, the ternary nitrogen-doped graphene/nickel ferrite/polyaniline (NGNP) nanocomposite is synthesized by a facile two-step approach and its electrochemical properties as electrodes for supercapacitors are studied by various electrochemical measurements. The specific capacitance of NGNP is 645.0 F g-1 at 1 mV s-1 and 667.0 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 in a three- and two-electrode system, respectively, much higher than other binary electrodes. In a two-electrode symmetric system, the energy density of the NGNP electrode is 92.7 W h kg-1 at a power density of 110.8 W kg-1, moreover, that of the supercapacitor based on NGNP can also reach 23.2 W h kg-1 at a power density of 27.7 W kg-1. In addition, the capacitance loses only 5% after repeating test for 5000 cycles, and about 10% after 10,000 cycles at a high current density 5 A g-1. The results demonstrate the novel ternary NGNP electrode produced by the current economical method will gain promising applications in supercapacitors and other devices by virtue of its outstanding characteristics (high specific capacitance, high power and energy density, excellent cycle life).

Thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si quinary system and its application to solidification simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Keke; Liu, Shuhong; Zhao, Dongdong; Du, Yong; Zhou, Liangcai; Chen, Li

2011-01-01

By means of the first-principles calculations, the enthalpy of formation for the quaternary phase in the Al-Cu-Mg-Si system was computed. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Al-Cu-Mg-Si and Al-Cu-Mn-Si systems was then obtained using CALPHAD approach taking into account the reliable experimental data and the first-principles calculations. The thermodynamic database for the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si system was developed based on the constituent binary, ternary, and quaternary systems. Comprehensive comparisons between the calculated and measured phase diagrams and invariant reactions showed that the experimental information was satisfactorily accounted for by the present thermodynamic description. The obtained database was used to describe the solidification behavior of Al alloys B319.1 (90.2Al-6Si-3.5Cu-0.3Mg, in wt.%) and B319.1 + xMn (x = 0.5-2, in wt.%) under Gulliver-Scheil non-equilibrium condition. The reliability of the present thermodynamic database was also verified by the good agreement between calculation and experiment for Gulliver-Scheil non-equilibrium solidification.

Modification of both d33 and TC in a potassium-sodium niobate ternary system.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Bo; Wu, Jiagang; Xiao, Dingquan; Zhu, Jianguo

2015-12-28

In this work, we simultaneously achieved a giant d33 and a high TC in a lead-free piezoelectric ternary system of (1-x-y)K0.48Na0.52NbO3-xBiFeO3-yBi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 {(1-x-y)KNN-xBF-yBNZ}. Owing to the rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) phase coexistence and the enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties, the ceramics with a composition of (x = 0.006, y = 0.04) show a giant d33 of ∼428 pC N(-1) together with a TC of ∼318 °C, thereby proving that the design of ternary systems is an effective way to achieve both high d33 and high TC in KNN-based materials. In addition, a good thermal stability for piezoelectricity was also observed in these ceramics (e.g., d33 > 390 pC N(-1), T ≤ 300 °C). This is the first time such a good comprehensive performance in potassium-sodium niobate materials has been obtained. As a result, we believe that this type of material system with both giant d33 and high TC is a promising candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric devices.

Determination and thermodynamic modeling of solid–liquid phase equilibrium for 3,5-dichloroaniline in pure solvents and ternary 3,5-dichloroaniline + 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene + toluene system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Rongrong; Du, Cunbin; Meng, Long; Han, Shuo; Wang, Jian; Zhao, Hongkun

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Solubility of 3,5-dichloroaniline in seven organic solvents were determined. • Solid–liquid phase equilibrium for ternary system was measured. • The binary and ternary phase diagrams were constructed. • The phase diagrams were correlated with thermodynamic models. - Abstract: The solid–liquid phase equilibrium data for 3,5-dichloroaniline in n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, toluene, ethyl acetate and acetone at (283.15 to 308.15) K were determined experimentally by gas chromatography under 101.3 kPa. The solubility of 3,5-dichloroaniline in these solvents decreased according to the following order: ethyl acetate > (acetone, toluene) for the solvents of ethyl acetate, acetone, and toluene; and for the other solvents, (isopropanol, n-butanol) > n-propanol > isobutanol. According to the solubility of 3,5-dichloroaniline in pure solvents, the solid–liquid phase equilibrium for the ternary mixture of 3,5-dichloroaniline + 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene + toluene were measured by using an isothermal saturation method at three temperatures of 283.15, 293.15, and 303.15 K under 101.3 kPa, and the corresponding isothermal phase diagrams were constructed. Two pure solids were formed in the ternary system at a fixed temperature, which were pure 3,5-dichloroaniline and pure 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and were identified by Schreinemakers’ method of wet residue. The temperature dependence of 3,5-dichloroaniline solubility in pure solvents was correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, Wilson model and NRTL model; and the ternary solid–liquid phase equilibrium of 3,5-dichloroaniline + 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene + toluene were described by the Wilson model and NRTL model. Results showed that calculated solubility values with these models agreed well with the experimental ones for the studied binary and ternary systems. The solid–liquid equilibrium and the thermodynamic models for the binary and ternary systems can offer the

Synthesis and characterization of Ti-Si-C-N nanocomposite coatings prepared by a filtered vacuum arc method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thangavel, Elangovan, E-mail: t.elangophy@gmail.com [Advanced Thin Film Research Group, Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831 (Korea, Republic of); Center for Nano-Wear, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Seunghun; Nam, Kee-Seok; Kim, Jong-Kuk [Advanced Thin Film Research Group, Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Do-Geun, E-mail: dogeunkim@kims.re.kr [Advanced Thin Film Research Group, Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831 (Korea, Republic of)

2013-01-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Preparation method was used as filtered vacuum arc (FVA) deposition. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ternary coating obtained by using single carbon source with TMS gas. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Detailed discussion of chemical nature for these coating by using XPS. - Abstract: Ti-Si-C-N nanocomposite coatings were synthesized by a filtered vacuum arc (FVA) technique. A metal organic precursor, tetramethylsilane (TMS), was used as a source for silicon and carbon to deposit the Ti-Si-C-N nanocomposite coating with a Ti cathode source. The chemical and microstructural properties of the as-deposited coatings were systematically investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nanoindentation and scratch tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical and adhesion properties of the coatings. From the XPS analysis, it was found that the Si content in the coating increased from 2 to 16 at.% as the TMS flow rate was increased from 5 to 20 sccm. The TEM analysis clearly demonstrated that the coatings were composed of crystalline TiCN along with amorphous Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} as a secondary phase. From the XRD results, it was found that the crystallite size of TiCN increased with increasing Si content. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiSiCN coatings prepared by this method exhibited strong dependencies on the silicon content. A maximum hardness of 49 GPa and a coefficient of friction of 0.17 were obtained for the film with a silicon content of 3 at.%.

ILD SiW ECAL and sDHCAL dimension-performance optimisation

CERN Document Server

Tran, T.H

2015-01-01

The ILD, International Large Detector, is one of the detector concepts for a future linear collider. Its performance is investigated using Monte-Carlo full simulation and PandoraPFA. Among several options, a combination of the silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW ECAL) and the semi-digital hadronic calorimeter (sDHCAL) presenting the highest granularity calorimeters, is here investigated. It is shown that by reducing the radius and length of the entire detector by a factor of ∼ 1.3 with respect to the baseline dimensions, the jet energy resolution is degraded by 8 to 19% in the range of 45 and 250 GeV. The price of ILD which scales roughly quadratically with the ILD dimensions may be reduced by a factor of nearly two. A similar study made with the SiW ECAL and the analog hadronic calorimeter (AHCAL) shows that for an inner radius of ECAL of about 1.4 m, the performance is comparable between sDHCAL and AHCAL.

Phase coexistence and line tension in ternary lipid systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Idema, T.; Leeuwen, van J.M.J.; Storm, C.

2009-01-01

The ternary system consisting of cholesterol, a saturated lipid, and an unsaturated one exhibits a rich phase behavior with multiple phase coexistence regimes. Remarkably, phase separation even occurs when each of the three binary systems consisting of two of these components is a uniform mixture.

Ternary fission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wagemans, C.

1991-01-01

Since its discovery in 1946, light (charged) particle accompanied fission (ternary fission) has been extensively studied, for spontaneous as well as for induced fission reactions. The reason for this interest was twofold: the ternary particles being emitted in space and time close to the scission point were expected to supply information on the scission point configuration and the ternary fission process was an important source of helium, tritium, and hydrogen production in nuclear reactors, for which data were requested by the nuclear industry. Significant experimental progress has been realized with the advent of high-resolution detectors, powerful multiparameter data acquisition systems, and intense neutron and photon beams. As far as theory is concerned, the trajectory calculations (in which scission point parameters are deduced from the experimental observations) have been very much improved. An attempt was made to explain ternary particle emission in terms of a Plateau-Rayleigh hydrodynamical instability of a relatively long cylindrical neck or cylindrical nucleus. New results have also been obtained on the so-called open-quotes trueclose quotes ternary fission (fission in three about-equal fragments). The spontaneous emission of charged particles has also clearly been demonstrated in recent years. This chapter discusses the main characteristics of ternary fission, theoretical models, light particle emission probabilities, the dependence of the emission probabilities on experimental variables, light particle energy distributions, light particle angular distributions, correlations between light particle accompanied fission observables, open-quotes trueclose quotes ternary fission, and spontaneous emission of heavy ions. 143 refs., 18 figs., 8 tabs

Study of the R-(Zr,W)-(O,N) (R = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb) oxynitride system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tessier, Franck, E-mail: Franck.Tessier@univ-rennes1.fr [UMR CNRS 6226 ' Sciences Chimiques de Rennes' , equipe ' Verres et Ceramiques' , Universite de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes cedex (France); Maillard, Pascal [UMR CNRS 6226 ' Sciences Chimiques de Rennes' , equipe ' Verres et Ceramiques' , Universite de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes cedex (France); Orhan, Emmanuelle [Laboratoire Science des Procedes Ceramiques et Traitements de Surface, UMR CNRS 6638, Universite de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges cedex (France); Chevire, Francois [UMR CNRS 6226 ' Sciences Chimiques de Rennes' , equipe ' Verres et Ceramiques' , Universite de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes cedex (France)

2010-02-15

The replacement of tantalum by the couple Zr/W within the RTa-O-N systems (R = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb), enables the preparation of novel oxide and oxynitride phases in the R-Zr-W-O-N system. R{sub 2}Zr{sub 2-x}W{sub x}O{sub 7+x} oxides exhibit the fluorite-type (x < 0.9) and scheelite (x {approx} 1) structures. Corresponding oxynitride compositions are of the fluorite-type and show different colors, for example in the case of ytterbium: pale yellow (x = 0.2 or 0.25), green (x = 0.5-0.8) and brown for the tungsten-rich samples (x = 0.9, 1). Photocatalytic activity measurements have been performed to investigate the overall water splitting behavior of these colored phases.

Monolithic Composite “Pressure + Acceleration + Temperature + Infrared” Sensor Using a Versatile Single-Sided “SiN/Poly-Si/Al” Process-Module

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xinxin Li

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We report a newly developed design/fabrication module with low-cost single-sided “low-stress-silicon-nitride (LS-SiN/polysilicon (poly-Si/Al” process for monolithic integration of composite sensors for sensing-network-node applications. A front-side surface-/bulk-micromachining process on a conventional Si-substrate is developed, featuring a multifunctional SiN/poly-Si/Al layer design for diverse sensing functions. The first “pressure + acceleration + temperature + infrared” (PATIR composite sensor with the chip size of 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm is demonstrated. Systematic theoretical design and analysis methods are developed. The diverse sensing components include a piezoresistive absolute-pressure sensor (up to 700 kPa, with a sensitivity of 49 mV/MPa under 3.3 V supplied voltage, a piezoresistive accelerometer (±10 g, with a sensitivity of 66 μV/g under 3.3 V and a −3 dB bandwidth of 780 Hz, a thermoelectric infrared detector (with a responsivity of 45 V/W and detectivity of 3.6 × 107 cm·Hz1/2/W and a thermistor (−25–120 °C. This design/fabrication module concept enables a low-cost monolithically-integrated “multifunctional-library” technique. It can be utilized as a customizable tool for versatile application-specific requirements, which is very useful for small-size, low-cost, large-scale sensing-network node developments.

Phase equilibria of the Al-Pr-Zr ternary system at 773 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

She, Jia; Zhan, Yongzhong; Li, Chunliu; Du, Yong; Xu, Honghui; He, Yuehui

2010-01-01

The phase equilibria of the Al-Pr-Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The 14 binary compounds, i.e. AlZr 3 , AlZr 2 , Al 2 Zr 3 , Al 3 Zr 4 , AlZr, Al 3 Zr 2 , Al 2 Zr, Al 3 Zr, α-Al 11 Pr 3 , Al 3 Pr, Al 2 Pr, β-AlPr, AlPr 2 and β-AlPr 3 were confirmed. No binary compound was found in the Pr-Zr binary system. The result shows that the isothermal section of the Al-Pr-Zr ternary system at 773 K consists of 17 single-phase regions, 31 two-phase regions and 15 three-phase regions. All the intermediate compounds phases in this system have not a remarkable solid solution at 773 K. No ternary compound is found in this work.

First principles study of structural stability and site preference in Co3 (W,X

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joshi Sri Raghunath

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Since the discovery [1] of γ′ precipitate (L12 – Co3(Al, W in the Co-Al-W ternary system, there has been an increased interest in Co-based superalloys. Since these alloys have two phase microstructures (γ + γ′ similar to Ni-based superalloys [2], they are viable candidates in high temperature applications, particularly in land-based turbines. The role of alloying on stability of the γ′ phase has been an active area of research. In this study, electronic structure calculations were done to probe the effect of alloying in Co3W with L12 structure. Compositions of type Co3(W,X, (where X/Y = Mn, Fe, Ni, Pt, Cr , Al, Si, V, W, Ta, Ti, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo were studied. Effect of alloying on equilibrium lattice parameters and ground state energies was used to calculate Vegard's coefficients and site preference related data. The effect of alloying on the stability of the L12 structure vis a vis other geometrically close packed ordered structures was also studied for a range of Co3X compounds. Results suggest that the penchant of element for the W sublattice can be predicted by comparing heats of formation of Co3X in different structures.

Protein-mediated efficient synergistic "antenna effect" in a ternary system in D₂O medium.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghorai, Shyamal Kr; Samanta, Swarna Kamal; Mukherjee, Manini; Ghosh, Sanjib

2012-08-16

A ternary system consisting of a protein, catechin (either + or - epimer), and Tb(III) in suitable aqueous buffer medium at physiological pH (= 6.8) has been shown to exhibit highly efficient "antenna effect". Steady state and time-resolved emission studies of each component in the binary complexes (protein with Tb(III) and (+)- or (-)-catechin with Tb(III)) and the ternary systems along with the molecular docking studies reveal that the efficient sensitization could be ascribed to the effective shielding of microenvironment of Tb(III) from O-H oscillator and increased Tb-C (+/-) interaction in the ternary systems in aqueous medium. The ternary system exhibits protein-mediated efficient antenna effect in D(2)O medium due to synergistic ET from both the lowest ππ* triplet state of Trp residue in protein and that of catechin apart from protection of the Tb(III) environment from matrix vibration. The simple system consisting of (+)- or (-)-catechin and Tb(III) in D(2)O buffer at pH 6.8 has been prescribed to be a useful biosensor.

Ag on Si(111) from basic science to application

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belianinov, Aleksey [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2012-01-01

In our work we revisit Ag and Au adsorbates on Si(111)-7x7, as well as experiment with a ternary system of Pentacene, Ag and Si(111). Of particular interest to us is the Si(111)-(√3x√3)R30°}–Ag (Ag-Si-√3 hereafter). In this thesis I systematically explore effects of Ag deposition on the Ag-Si-√3 at different temperatures, film thicknesses and deposition fluxes. The generated insight of the Ag system on the Si(111) is then applied to generate novel methods of nanostructuring and nanowire growth. I then extend our expertise to the Au system on the Ag-Si(111) to gain insight into Au-Si eutectic silicide formation. Finally we explore behavior and growth modes of an organic molecule on the Ag-Si interface.

Ferromagnetic quantum criticality in the uranium-based ternary compounds URhSi, URhAl, and UCoAl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Combier, Tristan

2014-01-01

In this thesis we explore the ferromagnetic quantum criticality in three uranium-based ternary compounds, by means of thermodynamical and transport measurements on single crystal samples, at low temperature and high pressure. URhSi and URhAl are itinerant ferromagnets, while UCoAl is a paramagnet being close to a ferromagnetic instability. All of them have Ising-type magnetic ordering. In the orthorhombic compound URhSi, we show that the Curie temperature decreases upon applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the easy magnetization axis, and a quantum phase transition is expected around 40 T. In the hexagonal system URhAl, we establish the pressure-temperature phase diagram for the first time, indicating a quantum phase transition around 5 GPa. In the isostructural compound UCoAl, we investigate the metamagnetic transition with measurements of magnetization, Hall effect, resistivity and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Some intriguing magnetic relaxation phenomena are observed, with step-like features. Hall effect and resistivity have been measured at dilution temperatures, under hydrostatic pressure up to 2.2 GPa and magnetic field up to 16 T. The metamagnetic transition terminates under pressure and magnetic field at a quantum critical endpoint. In this region, a strong effective mass enhancement occurs, and an intriguing difference between up and down field sweeps appears in transverse resistivity. This may be the signature of a new phase, supposedly linked to the relaxation phenomena observed in magnetic measurements, arising from frustration on the quasi-Kagome lattice of uranium atoms in this crystal structure. (author) [fr

Mid-infrared optical properties of chalcogenide glasses within tin-antimony-selenium ternary system.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Ruiqiang; Chen, Feifei; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Huang, Yicong; Song, Baoan; Dai, Shixun; Zhang, Xianghua; Ji, Wei

2017-10-16

In this work, we investigated the mid-infrared (MIR) optical properties of selenide (Se-based) chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) within an As- and Ge-free system, namely the environment-friendly and low-cost tin-antimony-selenium (Sn-Sb-Se, SSS) ternary system, which has not been systematically studied to the best of our knowledge. As compared to ChGs within those conventional Se-based systems, SSS ChGs were found to exhibit extended infrared transmittance range as well as larger linear refractive index (n 0 ). Femtosecond Z-scan measurements show the presence of evident three-photon absorption from Urbach absorption of the SSS ChGs at MIR wavelength, which resonantly enhanced the nonlinear refractive behavior and resulted in large nonlinear refractive index (n 2 ).

Ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors

CERN Document Server

Shay, J L; Pamplin, B R

2013-01-01

Ternary Chalcopyrite Semiconductors: Growth, Electronic Properties, and Applications covers the developments of work in the I-III-VI2 and II-IV-V2 ternary chalcopyrite compounds. This book is composed of eight chapters that focus on the crystal growth, characterization, and applications of these compounds to optical communications systems. After briefly dealing with the status of ternary chalcopyrite compounds, this book goes on describing the crystal growth of II-IV-V2 and I-III-VI2 single crystals. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the energy band structure of these semiconductor compounds, illustrat

(Liquid + liquid) equilibria measurements for ternary systems (sulfolane + a carboxylic acid + n-heptane) at T = 303.15 K and at 0.1 MPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cele, N.P.; Bahadur, I.; Redhi, G.G.; Ebenso, E.E.

2016-01-01

Highlights: • The (liquid + liquid) equilibrium for (sulfolane + a carboxylic acid + heptane) was measured. • Selectivity values for solvent separation efficiency were calculated. • Separation of carboxylic acids from heptane is feasible by extraction. • Three parameter equations have been fitted to the binodal curve data. • The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate the experimental data. - Abstract: In the present work, new (liquid + liquid) equilibrium (LLE) values are reported for ternary systems {sulfolane(1) + acetic acid, or propanoic acid, or butanoic acid, or 2-methylpropanoic acid, or pentanoic acid, or 3-methylbutanoic acid (2) + n-heptane (3)} at T = 303.15 K and at p = 0.1 MPa. The mutual solubility of carboxylic acid in sulfolane is dependent on the length and structure of the alkyl chain of the carboxylic acid; it progressively increases with an increase in the alkyl chain of the carboxylic acid. The single phase homogenous region increases as the alkyl chain of the carboxylic acid increases. The n-heptane is most soluble in the carboxylic acid mixtures with long alkyl chain, that is, (3-methylbutanoic acid + sulfolane) and (pentanoic acid + sulfolane) systems and least soluble in the carboxylic acid with short alkyl chain (acetic acid + sulfolane) system. Carboxylic acid together with many other oxygenates and hydrocarbons are produced by SASOL Company in South Africa using the Fischer–Tropsch process. The details about this process are given in introduction section. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate the experimental tie-lines and to calculate the phase compositions of the ternary systems. It was found that the NRTL model fits the experimental values significantly better than the UNIQUAC model.

An optically controlled SiC lateral power transistor based on SiC/SiCGe super junction structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pu Hongbin; Cao Lin; Ren Jie; Chen Zhiming; Nan Yagong

2010-01-01

An optically controlled SiC/SiCGe lateral power transistor based on superjunction structure has been proposed, in which n-SiCGe/p-SiC superjunction structure is employed to improve device figure of merit. Performance of the novel optically controlled power transistor was simulated using Silvaco Atlas tools, which has shown that the device has a very good response to the visible light and the near infrared light. The optoelectronic responsivities of the device at 0.5 μm and 0.7 μm are 330 mA/W and 76.2 mA/W at 2 V based voltage, respectively. (semiconductor devices)

An optically controlled SiC lateral power transistor based on SiC/SiCGe super junction structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pu Hongbin; Cao Lin; Ren Jie; Chen Zhiming; Nan Yagong, E-mail: puhongbin@xaut.edu.c [Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an 710048 (China)

2010-04-15

An optically controlled SiC/SiCGe lateral power transistor based on superjunction structure has been proposed, in which n-SiCGe/p-SiC superjunction structure is employed to improve device figure of merit. Performance of the novel optically controlled power transistor was simulated using Silvaco Atlas tools, which has shown that the device has a very good response to the visible light and the near infrared light. The optoelectronic responsivities of the device at 0.5 {mu}m and 0.7 {mu}m are 330 mA/W and 76.2 mA/W at 2 V based voltage, respectively. (semiconductor devices)

Design of a novel quantum reversible ternary up-counter

Science.gov (United States)

Houshmand, Pouran; Haghparast, Majid

2015-08-01

Reversible logic has been recently considered as an interesting and important issue in designing combinational and sequential circuits. The combination of reversible logic and multi-valued logic can improve power dissipation, time and space utilization rate of designed circuits. Only few works have been reported about sequential reversible circuits and almost there are no paper exhibited about quantum ternary reversible counter. In this paper, first we designed 2-qutrit and 3-qutrit quantum reversible ternary up-counters using quantum ternary reversible T-flip-flop and quantum reversible ternary gates. Then we proposed generalized quantum reversible ternary n-qutrit up-counter. We also introduced a new approach for designing any type of n-qutrit ternary and reversible counter. According to the results, we can conclude that applying second approach quantum reversible ternary up-counter is better than the others.

Fluorocarbon based atomic layer etching of Si_3N_4 and etching selectivity of SiO_2 over Si_3N_4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Chen; Metzler, Dominik; Oehrlein, Gottlieb S.; Lai, Chiukin Steven; Hudson, Eric A.

2016-01-01

Angstrom-level plasma etching precision is required for semiconductor manufacturing of sub-10 nm critical dimension features. Atomic layer etching (ALE), achieved by a series of self-limited cycles, can precisely control etching depths by limiting the amount of chemical reactant available at the surface. Recently, SiO_2 ALE has been achieved by deposition of a thin (several Angstroms) reactive fluorocarbon (FC) layer on the material surface using controlled FC precursor flow and subsequent low energy Ar"+ ion bombardment in a cyclic fashion. Low energy ion bombardment is used to remove the FC layer along with a limited amount of SiO_2 from the surface. In the present article, the authors describe controlled etching of Si_3N_4 and SiO_2 layers of one to several Angstroms using this cyclic ALE approach. Si_3N_4 etching and etching selectivity of SiO_2 over Si_3N_4 were studied and evaluated with regard to the dependence on maximum ion energy, etching step length (ESL), FC surface coverage, and precursor selection. Surface chemistries of Si_3N_4 were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after vacuum transfer at each stage of the ALE process. Since Si_3N_4 has a lower physical sputtering energy threshold than SiO_2, Si_3N_4 physical sputtering can take place after removal of chemical etchant at the end of each cycle for relatively high ion energies. Si_3N_4 to SiO_2 ALE etching selectivity was observed for these FC depleted conditions. By optimization of the ALE process parameters, e.g., low ion energies, short ESLs, and/or high FC film deposition per cycle, highly selective SiO_2 to Si_3N_4 etching can be achieved for FC accumulation conditions, where FC can be selectively accumulated on Si_3N_4 surfaces. This highly selective etching is explained by a lower carbon consumption of Si_3N_4 as compared to SiO_2. The comparison of C_4F_8 and CHF_3 only showed a difference in etching selectivity for FC depleted conditions. For FC accumulation conditions

Investigation based on nano-electromechanical system double Si3N4 resonant beam pressure sensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Chuan; Guo, Can; Yuan, Xiaowei

2011-12-01

This paper presents a type of NEMS (Nano-Electromechanical System) double Si3N4 resonant beams pressure sensor. The mathematical models are established in allusion to the Si3N4 resonant beams and pressure sensitive diaphragm. The distribution state of stress has been analyzed theoretically based on the mathematical model of pressure sensitive diaphragm; from the analysis result, the position of the Si3N4 resonant beams above the pressure sensitive diaphragm was optimized and then the dominance observed after the double resonant beams are adopted is illustrated. From the analysis result, the position of the Si3N4 resonant beams above the pressure sensitive diaphragm is optimized, illustrating advantages in the adoption of double resonant beams. The capability of the optimized sensor was generally analyzed using the ANSYS software of finite element analysis. The range of measured pressure is 0-400 Kpa, the coefficient of linearity correlation is 0.99346, and the sensitivity of the sensor is 498.24 Hz/Kpa, higher than the traditional sensors. Finally the processing techniques of the sensor chip have been designed with sample being successfully processed.

Finite abelian subalgebra of W(sl(n))

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Niedermaier, M.

1991-03-01

A representation theoretical construction of the conservation laws of affine Toda-type systems is described. The construction employs the completely degenerate representations of the extended conformal algebras (W(sl(n)). The conserved charges are shown to generate an infinite dimensional abelian subalgebra of W(sl(n)). Different characterizations of this subalgebra are obtained: As space of physical Fock space operators with dihedral symmetry, as constants of commuting flows of quantum KdV-type equations and as subalgebra of the sl(n) singlets in affine sl(n) level 1 modules. The existence of the subalgebras is established for low rank cases by means of an algorithmic Fock space procedure. (orig.)

Competition of Kondo spin fluctuations and RKKY interactions in CeRh/sub 2/Si/sub 2-x/Ge/sub x/ and CeM/sub 2/X/sub 2/ compounds: a Kondo necklace problem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Godart, C; Gupta, L C; Tomy, C V; Vijayaraghavan, R; Thompson, J D

1989-02-15

We present the results of our measurements of the lattice constants and magnetic susceptibility of the pseudo-ternary system which crystallizes in the tetragonal ThCr/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ structure. Both of the cell constants a and c increase linearly with x. The magnetic ordering temperature T/sub N/ exhibits initially an enhancement with the increase in x and then decreases as x continues to increase further. These results, along with those on the pressure dependence of T/sub N/ in CeRh/sub 2/Si/sub 2/, can be understood on the basis of the Doniach's model of a Kondo necklace. We discuss also the applicability of this model to describe the strong correlation between the structural aspects and the ground-state properties of the whole series of Ce-based ternaries CeM/sub 2/X/sub 2/ (M = 3d, 4d and 5d elements; X = Si, Ge).

Abrasive wear of BA1055 bronze with additives of Si, Cr, Mo and/or W

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

B. P. Pisarek

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Aluminium bronzes belong to the high-grade constructional materials applied on the put under strongly load pieces of machines, aboutgood sliding, resistant properties on corrosion both in the cast state how and after the thermal processing. It moves to them Cr and Si in the aim of the improvement of their usable proprieties. The additions Mo and/or W were not applied so far. It was worked out therefore the new kind of bronzes casting including these elements. Make additions to the Cu-Al-Fe-Ni bronze of Si, Cr, Mo and/or W in the rise of these properties makes possible. The investigations of the surface distribution of the concentration of elements in the microstructure of the studied bronze on X-ray microanalyzer were conducted. It results from conducted investigations, that in the aluminium bronze BA1055 after makes additions Si, Cr, Mo and/or W the phases of the type κFe, κNi crystallize, probably as complex silicides. Elements such as: Fe and Si dissolve first of all in phases κ, in smaller stage in the matrix of the bronze; Mn, Ni and W they dissolve in matrix and phases κ. It dissolves Cr and Mo in the larger stage in phases κ than in the matrix. The sizes of the abrasive wear were compared in the state cast multicomponentnew casting Cu-Al-Fe-Ni bronzes with the additives Cr, Mo or W with the wear of the bronze CuAl10Fe5Ni5Si. The investigations of thewear were conducted on the standard device. It results from conducted investigations, that make additions to bronze BA1055 of the additives of Si, Cr, Mo, and/or W it influences the rise of the hardness (HB of the bronze in the cast state, in the result of the enlarged quantity separates of hard phases κ, and in the consequence the decrease of the abrasive wear. The addition of molybdenum made possible obtainment of the microhardness of the phase α and γ 2 on the comparable level. From the microstructure of the bronze CuAl10Fe5Ni5MoSi is characterizes the smallest abrasive wear among

Phase selection and microstructure in directional solidification of glass forming Pd-Si-Cu alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Huo, Yang

Phase selection and microstructure formation during the rapid solidification of alloy melts has been a topic of substantial interest over the last several decades, attributed mainly to the access to novel structures involving metastable crystalline and non-crystalline phases. In this work, Bridgeman type directional solidification was conducted in Pd-Si-Cu glass forming system to study such cooling rate dependent phase transition and microstructure formation. The equilibrium state for Pd-Si-Cu ternary system was investigated through three different works. First of all, phase stabilities for Pd-Si binary system was accessed with respects of first-principles and experiments, showing Pd5Si, Pd9Si2, Pd3Si and Pd 2Si phase are stable all way to zero Kevin while PdSi phase is a high temperature stable phase, and Pd2Si phase with Fe2P is a non-stoichiometry phase. A thermodynamic database was developed for Pd-Si system. Second, crystal structures for compounds with ternary compositions were studied by XRD, SEM and TEM, showing ordered and disordered B2/bcc phases are stable in Pd-rich part. At last, based on many phase equilibria and phase transitions data, a comprehensive thermodynamic discrption for Pd-Si-Cu ternary system was first time to be developed, from which different phase diagrams and driving force for kinetics can be calculated. Phase selection and microstructure formation in directional solidification of the best glass forming composition, Pd 77.5Si16.5Cu6, in this system with growth velocities from 0.005 to 7.5mm/s was systematically studied and the solidification pathways at different conditions were interpreted from thermodynamic simulation. The results show that for growth velocities are smaller than 0.1mm/s Pd 3Si phase is primary phase and Pd9Si2 phase is secondary phase, the difficulty for Pd9Si2 phase nucleation gives rise to the formation of two different eutectic structure. For growth velocities between 0.4 and 1mm/s, instead of Pd3Si phase, Pd9Si2

Experimental and thermodynamic study of the Er-H-Zr ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mascaro, A.

2012-01-01

This work at CEA is being achieved in the framework of the development of an innovating concept including the neutronic solid burnable poison, such as erbium, inside the cladding of pressurized water reactors. These new claddings are constituted by a liner of a zirconium base alloy slightly enriched in erbium between two liners of industrial zirconium alloys. Into the reactor core, the water dissociates at the surface of the cladding. So it is interesting to evaluate the interactions between the hydrogen released and the Zr-Er alloy. To do so, the Er-H-Zr ternary system has to be determined such similarly to its associated binaries. This can be done by experimental determination and by thermodynamic modelling. Both techniques were used in this work. Er-Zr and H-Zr have already been studied experimentally and modelled, but the Er-H binary system is almost unknown. So, we studied it experimentally. Then, it has been modelled using the Calphad method. We obtain a new evaluation of the Er-H binary system with phases limits rather different than what has been proposed in the literature. In order to determine the phase limits and, the potential existence of a ternary compound in the Er-H-Zr ternary system, an experimental study has been carried out. An original technique has been used to obtain the chemical compositions: ERDA combined with RBS. In this study, we propose a new isothermal section at 350 C of the Er-H-Zr ternary system. About the modelling, the compatibility of the three modelled binaries has been checked in order to optimize the ternary system by the projection of the three binaries. The calculation obtained is in good agreement with the experimental isothermal section at 350 C determined in our work. Finally, uniaxial tensile test campaigns have been conducted to evaluate the impact of erbium and/or hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an industrial zirconium pure alloy. We evidenced a hardening effect of erbium and hydrogen but these effects are not

Me-Si-C (Me= Nb, Ti or Zr) : Nanocomposite and Amorphous Thin Films

OpenAIRE

Tengstrand, Olof

2012-01-01

This thesis investigates thin films of the transition metal carbide systems Ti-Si-C, Nb-Si-C, and Zr-Si-C, deposited at a low substrate temperature (350 °C) with dc magnetron sputtering in an Ar discharge. Both the electrical and mechanical properties of these systems are highly affected by their structure. For Nb-Si-C, both the ternary Nb-Si-C and the binary Nb-C are studied. I show pure NbC films to consist of crystalline NbC grains embedded in a matrix of amorphous carbon. The best combina...

Ternary chalcogenide micro-pseudocapacitors for on-chip energy storage

KAUST Repository

Kurra, Narendra

2015-05-11

We report the successful fabrication of a micro-pseudocapacitor based on ternary nickel cobalt sulfide for the first time, with performance substantially exceeding that of previously reported micro-pseudocapacitors based on binary sulfides. CoNi2S4 micro-pseudocapacitor exhibits a maximum energy density of 18.7 mWh/cm3 at a power density of 1163 mW/cm3, opens up an avenue for exploring new family of ternary oxides/sulfides based micro-pseudocapacitors.

Ternary chalcogenide micro-pseudocapacitors for on-chip energy storage

KAUST Repository

Kurra, Narendra; Xia, Chuan; Hedhili, Mohamed N.; Alshareef, Husam N.

2015-01-01

We report the successful fabrication of a micro-pseudocapacitor based on ternary nickel cobalt sulfide for the first time, with performance substantially exceeding that of previously reported micro-pseudocapacitors based on binary sulfides. CoNi2S4 micro-pseudocapacitor exhibits a maximum energy density of 18.7 mWh/cm3 at a power density of 1163 mW/cm3, opens up an avenue for exploring new family of ternary oxides/sulfides based micro-pseudocapacitors.

Facile Oxidative Desulfurisation of Benzothiophene Using Polyoxometalate H4[α-SiW12O40]/Zr Catalyst

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Aldes Lesbani

2015-07-01

Full Text Available A highly active catalyst H4[α-SiW12O40]/Zr based polyoxometalete Keggin type was prepared by wet impregnation method and was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, surface textural property by SEM, and analysis of porosity by BET method. H4[α-SiW12O40]/Zr was successfully synthesized and showed uniform properties with block solid structure which was applied as heterogeneous stable catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of benzothiophene under simple and mild condition using H2O2 as oxidant. Facile conversion of benzothiophene to sulfone by using heterogeneus                    H4[α-SiW12O40]/Zr catalyst up to 99% was observed to show the active catalytically. Keggin             H4[α-SiW12O40]/Zr cage structure after reaction was different from fresh catalyst which was indicated by the instability of H4[α-SiW12O40]/Zr  under reaction condition. © 2015 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reservedReceived: 9th November 2014; Revised: 31st March 2015; Accepted: 23rd April 2015How to Cite: Lesbani, A., Agnes, A., Saragih, R.O., Verawaty, M., Mohadi, R., Zulkifli, H. (2015.    Facile Oxidative Desulfurisation of Benzothiophen Using Polyoxometalate H4[α-SiW12O40]/Zr Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 10 (2, 185-191. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.10.2.7734.185-191 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.10.2.7734.185-191 

pH-specific hydrothermal assembly of binary and ternary Pb(II)-(O,N-carboxylic acid) metal organic framework compounds: correlation of aqueous solution speciation with variable dimensionality solid-state lattice architecture and spectroscopic signatures.

Science.gov (United States)

Gabriel, C; Perikli, M; Raptopoulou, C P; Terzis, A; Psycharis, V; Mateescu, C; Jakusch, T; Kiss, T; Bertmer, M; Salifoglou, A

2012-09-03

Hydrothermal pH-specific reactivity in the binary/ternary systems of Pb(II) with the carboxylic acids N-hydroxyethyl-iminodiacetic acid (Heida), 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (Dpot), and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) afforded the new well-defined crystalline compounds [Pb(Heida)](n)·nH(2)O(1), [Pb(Phen)(Heida)]·4H(2)O(2), and [Pb(3)(NO(3))(Dpot)](n)(3). All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, solution or/and solid-state NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures in 1-2 reveal the presence of a Pb(II) center coordinated to one Heida ligand, with 1 exhibiting a two-dimensional (2D) lattice extending to a three-dimensional (3D) one through H-bonding interactions. The concurrent aqueous speciation study of the binary Pb(II)-Heida system projects species complementing the synthetic efforts, thereby lending credence to a global structural speciation strategy in investigating binary/ternary Pb(II)-Heida/Phen systems. The involvement of Phen in 2 projects the significance of nature and reactivity potential of N-aromatic chelators, disrupting the binary lattice in 1 and influencing the nature of the ultimately arising ternary 3D lattice. 3 is a ternary coordination polymer, where Pb(II)-Dpot coordination leads to a 2D metal-organic-framework material with unique architecture. The collective physicochemical properties of 1-3 formulate the salient features of variable dimensionality metal-organic-framework lattices in binary/ternary Pb(II)-(hydroxy-carboxylate) structures, based on which new Pb(II) materials with distinct architecture and spectroscopic signature can be rationally designed and pursued synthetically.

Crystallization behavior and controlling mechanism of iron-containing Si-C-N ceramics.

Science.gov (United States)

Francis, Adel; Ionescu, Emanuel; Fasel, Claudia; Riedel, Ralf

2009-11-02

The crystallization behavior and controlling mechanism of the Si-Fe-C-N system based on polymer-derived SiCN ceramic filled with iron metal powder has been studied. The composite preparation conditions allow the formation of a random distribution of metallic particles in the polymer matrix volume for the Si-C-N system. Pyrolysis of the composite material at 1100 degrees C indicates the presence of one crystalline phase Fe(3)Si. While the sample pyrolyzed at 1200 degrees C reveals the formation of both Fe(3)Si and Fe(5)Si(3) phases, a crystallization of beta-SiC is additionally observed by increasing the temperature up to 1300 degrees C. The propensity for the formation of SiC is due to the presence of Fe(5)Si(3), where a solid-liquid-solid (SLS) growth mechanism was suggested to occur. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermal gravimetric analysis with mass spectroscopic detection (TGA-MS) were employed to investigate the crystallization behavior of the Si-Fe-C-N system.

Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Ni-Nb-V ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xingjun; Yang, Shuiyuan; Wang, Cuiping [Xiamen Univ. (China). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Xiamen Univ. (China). Fujian Provincial Key Lab. of Materials Genome; Zhang, Xianjie; Jiang, Hengxing; Shi, Zhan [Xiamen Univ. (China). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering

2017-09-15

The phase equilibria of the Ni-Nb-V ternary system at 1000 C and 1200 C were established using electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results of the investigation revealed that: (1) The Nb solubility in (Ni) and σ{sup '} phases was less than 10 at.%; (2) A ternary compound τ (NiNbV) was confirmed, in which V had a large solubility; (3) A new liquid region was evident at 1200 C, but was absent at 1000 C; (4) The lattice constants of Ni{sub 3}Nb and Ni{sub 6}Nb{sub 7} phase decreased with increase in V content in the Ni{sub 3}Nb and Ni{sub 6}Nb{sub 7}. The phase equilibria of the Ni-Nb-V ternary system will contribute to its thermodynamic assessment.

The Tl{sub 2}S–PbS–SiS{sub 2} system and the crystal and electronic structure of quaternary chalcogenide Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mozolyuk, M.Y.; Piskach, L.V. [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 13 Voli Avenue, 43025, Lutsk (Ukraine); Fedorchuk, A.O. [Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, 50 Pekarska Street, 79010, Lviv (Ukraine); Olekseyuk, I.D.; Parasyuk, O.V. [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 13 Voli Avenue, 43025, Lutsk (Ukraine); Khyzhun, O.Y., E-mail: khyzhun@ipms.kiev.ua [Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3 Krzhyzhanivsky Street, 03142, Kyiv (Ukraine)

2017-07-01

Chalcogenides of the quasi-ternary system Tl{sub 2}S–PbS–SiS{sub 2} were synthesized in the evacuated silica ampoules by the melting and annealing technique. Phase equilibria in the system was investigated by XRD method. Isothermal section of the system was studied, and two intermediate quaternary phases were discovered to exist (Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}, ∼Tl{sub 2}PbSi{sub 3}S{sub 8}). The quasi-binary section Tl{sub 2}SiS{sub 3}–PbS was investigated by DTA. Its phase diagram was constructed, and it was established that the equimolar compound melts incongruently at 818 K. The crystal structure of the quaternary compound Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/a with the unit-cell parameters a = 8.8141(4), b = 9.0150(5), c = 10.4383(5) Å, and β = 94.490(4)° (Tl{sub 2}PbGeS{sub 4} structure type). Reliability factors calculated in the isotropic approximation were found to be R{sub I} = 0.0564 and R{sub P} = 0.1070. The Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} single crystal was tested with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, the XPS core-level and valence-band spectra were recorded for pristine and Ar{sup +}-ion bombarded surfaces of Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}. The Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} single crystal was found to be rather stable with respect to Ar{sup +}-ion irradiation. We have also measured the X-ray emission band depicting the energy distribution of mainly the S 3p states and compared it on a common energy scale with the XPS valence-band spectrum of the Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} crystal. The above comparison indicates that the S 3p states contribute substantively in the upper portion of the valence band of Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}, with their significant contributions in other portions of the valence-band region. - Highlights: • Chalcogenides of the quasi-ternary system Tl{sub 2}S–PbS–SiS{sub 2} were synthesized. • Two intermediate quaternary phases were discovered to exist (Tl

Effect of surface passivation by SiN/SiO2 of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors on Si substrate by deep level transient spectroscopy method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gassoumi, Malek; Mosbahi, Hana; Zaidi, Mohamed Ali; Gaquiere, Christophe; Maaref, Hassen

2013-01-01

Device performance and defects in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors have been correlated. The effect of SiN/SiO 2 passivation of the surface of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors on Si substrates is reported on DC characteristics. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were performed on the device after the passivation by a (50/100 nm) SiN/SiO 2 film. The DLTS spectra from these measurements showed the existence of the same electron trap on the surface of the device

Phase equilibria of the Al-Pr-Zr ternary system at 773 K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

She, Jia [Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 (China); Zhan, Yongzhong, E-mail: zyzmatres@yahoo.com.c [Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 (China); Li, Chunliu [Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 (China); Du, Yong; Xu, Honghui; He, Yuehui [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083 (China)

2010-07-30

The phase equilibria of the Al-Pr-Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The 14 binary compounds, i.e. AlZr{sub 3}, AlZr{sub 2}, Al{sub 2}Zr{sub 3}, Al{sub 3}Zr{sub 4}, AlZr, Al{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}, Al{sub 2}Zr, Al{sub 3}Zr, {alpha}-Al{sub 11}Pr{sub 3}, Al{sub 3}Pr, Al{sub 2}Pr, {beta}-AlPr, AlPr{sub 2} and {beta}-AlPr{sub 3} were confirmed. No binary compound was found in the Pr-Zr binary system. The result shows that the isothermal section of the Al-Pr-Zr ternary system at 773 K consists of 17 single-phase regions, 31 two-phase regions and 15 three-phase regions. All the intermediate compounds phases in this system have not a remarkable solid solution at 773 K. No ternary compound is found in this work.

Subsolidus phase relationships of the {beta}-sialon solid solution in the oxygen-rich part of the Nd-Si-Al-O-N system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaiser, A.; Telle, R. [Rheinisch Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Inst. fuer Gesteinshuettenkunde; Herrmann, M.; Richter, H.J.; Hermel, W. [Fraunhofer Inst. Keramische Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe, Dresden (Germany)

2001-10-01

The subsolidus phase relationships in the Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} system and in the Si{sub 6-z}Al{sub z}O{sub z}N{sub 8-z} (0 {<=} z {<=} 4)-''Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:AlN''-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2}-range of the Nd-Si-Al-O-N system have been determined. 50 three- and four-phase equilibria were established in this phase region. The phase equilibria define the regions of stable coexistence between {beta}-sialon Si{sub 6-z}Al{sub z}O{sub z}N{sub 8-z} (0 {<=} z {<=} 4) and oxide or oxynitride compounds, which are potential grain boundary phases for silicon nitride ceramics. {beta}-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} coexists with N-melilite (Nd{sub 2}Si{sub 3-x}Al{sub x}N{sub 4-x} (0 {<=} x {<=} 1)), N-{alpha}-wollastonite NdSi{sub 2}ON, a nitrogen-rich (Al, N)-apatite solid solution and Nd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7}. Between 0 {<=} z {<=} 0.8 {beta}-sialon (Si{sub 6-z}Al{sub z}O{sub z}N{sub 8-z}) is compatible with N-melilite (Nd{sub 2}Si{sub 3-x}Al{sub x}N{sub 4-x} (x = 1)), an (Al,N)-apatite of intermediate composition and Nd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7}. The equilibrium phases between z = 0.8 to z = 4 are NdAlO{sub 3} and the U-phase (Nd{sub 3}Si{sub 3-x}Al{sub 3+x}O{sub 12+x}N{sub 2-x}) as well as NdAl{sub 11+x}O{sub 18}N{sub x} (x = 1) and corundum at the Al-rich terminal composition (z = 4). (orig.)

Photoelectric Properties of Si Doping Superlattice Structure on 6H-SiC(0001).

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Lianbi; Zang, Yuan; Hu, Jichao; Lin, Shenghuang; Chen, Zhiming

2017-05-25

The energy-band structure and visible photoelectric properties of a p/n-Si doping superlattice structure (DSL) on 6H-SiC were simulated by Silvaco-TCAD. The,n the Si-DSL structures with 40 nm-p-Si/50 nm-n-Si multilayers were successfully prepared on 6H-SiC(0001) Si-face by chemical vapor deposition. TEM characterizations of the p/n-Si DSL confirmed the epitaxial growth of the Si films with preferred orientation and the misfit dislocations with a Burgers vector of 1/3 at the p-Si/n-Si interface. The device had an obvious rectifying behavior, and the turn-on voltage was about 1.2 V. Under the visible illumination of 0.6 W/cm², the device demonstrated a significant photoelectric response with a photocurrent density of 2.1 mA/cm². Visible light operation of the Si-DSL/6H-SiC heterostructure was realized for the first time.

Photoelectric Properties of Si Doping Superlattice Structure on 6H-SiC(0001

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lianbi Li

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The energy-band structure and visible photoelectric properties of a p/n-Si doping superlattice structure (DSL on 6H-SiC were simulated by Silvaco-TCAD. The,n the Si-DSL structures with 40 nm-p-Si/50 nm-n-Si multilayers were successfully prepared on 6H-SiC(0001 Si-face by chemical vapor deposition. TEM characterizations of the p/n-Si DSL confirmed the epitaxial growth of the Si films with preferred orientation and the misfit dislocations with a Burgers vector of 1/3 <21-1> at the p-Si/n-Si interface. The device had an obvious rectifying behavior, and the turn-on voltage was about 1.2 V. Under the visible illumination of 0.6 W/cm2, the device demonstrated a significant photoelectric response with a photocurrent density of 2.1 mA/cm2. Visible light operation of the Si-DSL/6H-SiC heterostructure was realized for the first time.

Growth Mechanism and Surface Structure of Ge Nanocrystals Prepared by Thermal Annealing of Cosputtered GeSiO Ternary Precursor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bo Zhang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Ge nanocrystals (Ge-ncs embedded in a SiO2 superlattice structure were prepared by magnetron cosputtering and postdeposition annealing. The formation of spherical nanocrystals was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and their growth process was studied by a combination of spectroscopic techniques. The crystallinity volume fraction of Ge component was found to increase with crystallite size, but its overall low values indicated a coexistence of crystalline and noncrystalline phases. A reduction of Ge-O species was observed in the superlattice during thermal annealing, accompanied by a transition from oxygen-deficient silicon oxide to silicon dioxide. A growth mechanism involving phase separation of Ge suboxides (GeOx was then proposed to explain these findings and supplement the existing growth models for Ge-ncs in SiO2 films. Further analysis of the bonding structure of Ge atoms suggested that Ge-ncs are likely to have a core-shell structure with an amorphous-like surface layer, which is composed of GeSiO ternary complex. The surface layer thickness was extracted to be a few angstroms and equivalent to several atomic layer thicknesses.

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of SiCw(p/SiC-Si Composites by Liquid Si Infiltration using Pyrolysed Rice Husks and SiC Powders as Precursors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dan Zhu

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Dense silicon carbide (SiC matrix composites with SiC whiskers and particles as reinforcement were prepared by infiltrating molten Si at 1550 °C into porous preforms composed of pyrolysed rice husks (RHs and extra added SiC powder in different ratios. The Vickers hardness of the composites showed an increase from 18.6 to 21.3 GPa when the amount of SiC added in the preforms was 20% (w/w, and then decreased to 17.3 GPa with the increase of SiC added in the preforms up to 80% (w/w. The values of flexural strength of the composites initially decreased when 20% (w/w SiC was added in the preform and then increased to 587 MPa when the SiC concentration reached 80% (w/w. The refinement of SiC particle sizes and the improvement of the microstructure in particle distribution of the composites due to the addition of external SiC played an effective role in improving the mechanical properties of the composites.

Si/SiC heterojunction optically controlled transistor with charge compensation layer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pu Hongbin

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A novel n-SiC/p-Si/n-Si optically controlled transistor with charge compensation layer has been studied in the paper. The performance of the device is simulated using Silvaco Atlas tools, which indicates excellent performances of the device in both blocking state and conducting state. The device also has a good switching characteristic with 0.54μs as rising time and 0.66μs as falling time. With the charge compensation layer, the breakdown voltage and the spectral response intensity of the device are improved by 90V and 33A/W respectively. Compared with optically controlled transistor without charge compensation layer, the n-SiC/p-Si/n-Si optically controlled transistor with charge compensation layer has a better performance.

Diodes of nanocrystalline SiC on n-/n+-type epitaxial crystalline 6H-SiC

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Junding; Wei, Wensheng; Zhang, Chunxi; He, Mingchang; Li, Chang

2018-03-01

The diodes of nanocrystalline SiC on epitaxial crystalline (n-/n+)6H-SiC wafers were investigated, where the (n+)6H-SiC layer was treated as cathode. For the first unit, a heavily boron doped SiC film as anode was directly deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method on the wafer. As to the second one, an intrinsic SiC film was fabricated to insert between the wafer and the SiC anode. The third one included the SiC anode, an intrinsic SiC layer and a lightly phosphorus doped SiC film besides the wafer. Nanocrystallization in the yielded films was illustrated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscope and Raman spectrum respectively. Current vs. voltage traces of the obtained devices were checked to show as rectifying behaviors of semiconductor diodes, the conduction mechanisms were studied. Reverse recovery current waveforms were detected to analyze the recovery performance. The nanocrystalline SiC films in base region of the fabricated diodes are demonstrated as local regions for lifetime control of minority carriers to improve the reverse recovery properties.

Thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Yb ternary system supported by first-principles calculations

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Huang G.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Phase relationships of the ternary Al-Cu-Yb system have been assessed using a combination of CALPHAD method and first principles calculations. A self-consistent thermodynamic parameter was established based on the experimental and theoretical information. Most of the binary intermetallic phases, except Al3Yb, Al2Yb, Cu2Yb and Cu5Yb, were assumed to be zero solubility in the ternary system. Based on the experimental data, eight ternary intermetallic compounds were taken into consideration in this system. Among them, three were treated as line compounds with large homogeneity ranges for Al and Cu. The others were treated as stoichiometric compounds. The calculated phase diagrams were in agreement with available experimental and theoretical data.

Wpływ zmian stanów wody na zachowanie się modeli nasypów hydrotechnicznych wykonanych z popioło-żużla

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Baran Przemysław

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Celem artykułu była analiza wpływu sposobu piętrzenia wody na zjawiska filtracyjne zachodzące w modelu nasypu wykonanego z popioło-żużla. Model nasypu został uformowany w korycie hydraulicznym w skali półtechnicznej (wysokość 0,6 m, długość w podstawie 2,0 m, szerokość 1,0 m. Badania polegały na obserwacji zachowania się modelu nasypu podczas kontrolowanego piętrzenia i opuszczania wody od strony górnej, dolnej oraz jednocześnie górnej i dolnej. Dodatkowo wykonano badania wybranych parametrów geotechnicznych materiału, który osadził się po stronie dolnej na skutek przelania się wody przez koronę nasypu. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań i analiz stwierdzono, iż popioło-żużel może być stosowany jako materiał do budowy grobli, gdyż równoczesne piętrzenie i obniżanie wody po obu stronach nasypu nie spowodowało wystąpienia negatywnych skutków filtracji. W przypadku budowli piętrzących tylko z jednej strony badany materiał antropogeniczny wykazuje cechy niestabilne, wymagające zastosowania zabezpieczeń skarp przed negatywnymi skutkami filtracji.

First principle study of cubic ScGaN ternaries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adli, W.; Mecheref, R.; Sekkal, N.; Tair, F.; Amrani, B.

2008-08-01

The electronic properties of the Sc x Ga1- x N ternary alloy are investigated. The transition from rocksalt (B1) to zinc blende (B3) structure is found to occur rapidly after incorporating just a small fraction (less than 1%) of Ga. In the present paper, the first principles method the full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals method (FPLMTO) in its atomic sphere approximation (ASA) coupled to the technique of the empty spheres is employed. Our results concerning the electronic properties are different from those reported in literature. (author)

Synergy between Two Metal Catalysts: A Highly Active Silica Supported Bimetallic W/Zr Catalyst for Metathesis of n-Decane

KAUST Repository

Samantaray, Manoja

2016-06-01

A well-defined, silica supported, bimetallic precatalyst [≡Si-O-W(Me)5 ≡Si-O-Zr(Np)3](4) has been synthesized for the first time via successively grafting two organometallic complexes [W(CH3)6 (1) followed by ZrNp4 (2)] on a single silica support. Surprisingly, multiple quantum NMR characterization demonstrates that W and Zr species are in close proximity to each other. Hydrogenation of this bimetallic catalyst at room temperature showed the easy formation of Zirconium hydride, probably facilitated by tungsten hydride which was formed at this temperature. This bimetallic W/Zr hydride precatalyst proved to be more efficient (TON: 1436) than the monometallic W hydride (TON: 650) in metathesis of n-decane at 150 0C. This synergy between Zr and W suggests that the slow step of alkane metathesis is the C-H bond activation which occurs on Zr. The produced olefin resulting from a ß–H elimination undergoes easy metathesis on W.

Obtenção de substratos cerâmicos no sistema Si-Al-O-N-C empregando polissiloxanos e carga de Si e Al2O3 Ceramic tapes of Si-Al-O-N-C compounds using mixtures of polyssiloxane and Si-Al2O3 fillers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. M. Rocha

2005-03-01

Full Text Available A técnica de processamento de colagem por fita (tape casting tem sido amplamente utilizada na obtenção de cerâmicas para diferentes aplicações: substratos cerâmicos e estruturas planares em multicamadas para circuitos integrados e capacitores; eletrólitos sólidos para células a combustível e sensores; cerâmicas piezoelétricas para atuadores e transdutores; membranas de separação para micro-filtragem; compósitos estruturais e trocadores de calor. Neste trabalho, a técnica convencional de colagem por fita foi adaptada com a utilização do processo de pirólise controlada de misturas de polímeros e carga, empregando-se polissiloxanos e cargas de silício e alumina nas suspensões. Foram preparadas suspensões com 60% vol. de fase polimérica (polissiloxanos e metil-trietoxi-silano e 40% vol. de carga (Si e Al2O3, com diferentes concentrações dos polímeros e das cargas. As amostras na forma de substratos foram pirolisadas em atmosfera de nitrogênio a 1400 °C/2 h e 1500 °C/2 h, sendo convertidas em materiais cerâmicos no sistema Si-Al-O-N-C. O processo de pirólise foi caracterizado até a temperatura de 1000 ºC por análise termogravimétrica. As cerâmicas foram caracterizadas quanto às fases formadas, microestrutura, massa específica aparente e condutividade térmica. Os substratos cerâmicos apresentaram porosidade relativamente alta (entre 12 e 22% e baixa condutividade térmica (entre 3 e 8 W/m.K, sendo constituídos por fases cristalinas de beta-SiC, Si2ON2, O'-SiAlON, Al2O3, mulita e fase amorfa de SiOC; o Si foi observado nas amostras pirolisadas a 1400 ºC.The tape casting technique has been widely used to prepare ceramic tapes for different applications: ceramic substrates and multilayer planar structures for integrated circuits and capacitors, solid electrolytes for fuel cells and sensors, piezoelectric ceramics for actuators and transducers, membrane systems for micro-filtration, structural composites and

Crystallization behavior of Li2O-SiO2, Na2O-SiO2 and Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glasses; Li2O-SiO2, Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-CaO-SiO2 kei glass no kessho sekishutsu kyodo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsutsumi, K.; Otake, J.; Nagasaka, T.; Hino, M. [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)

1998-06-01

It has been known that crystallization of mold powder is effective on the disturbance of heat transfer between mold and solidified shell in production of middle carbon steel slabs in continuous casting process. But it has not yet been made clear which composition of mold powder is the most suitable for crystallization. The crystallization behavior of Li2O-SiO2, Na2O-SiO2 and Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glasses was observed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and hot-thermocouple methods with DTA in the present work. As a result, addition of alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal oxides to SiO2 increased the critical cooling rate for glass formation in binary system of Li2O-SiO2 and Na2O-SiO2 and Li2O-SiO2 system crystallized easier than Na2O-SiO2 system. In ternary system of Na2O-CaO-SiO2, addition of Na2O hurried the critical cooling rate at CaO/SiO2=0.93 mass ratio, but the rate was almost constant in the composition range of more than 15 mass% Na2O. The slag of CaO/SiO2=0.93 made the rate faster than the slag of CaO/SiO2=0.47 at constant content of 10mass% Na2O. 17 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

SYSTEM WYŚWIETLANIA PARAMETRÓW LOTU DLA ŚMIGŁOWCA TYPU Mi-17 – WYNIKI BADAŃ

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Bęczkowski Grzegorz

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Przedmiotem artykułu są badania w locie nowo opracowanego systemu wyświetlania parametrów lotu (SWPL. Omawiany system przeznaczony jest do zobrazowania na wyświetlaczu przeziernym umieszczonym przed okiem pilota pełnej informacji pilotażowo-nawigacyjnej, ostrzeganiu o sytuacji niebezpiecznej na pokładzie śmigłowca i sygnalizacji błędów pracy systemów pokładowych. System przystosowany jest do pracy w warunkach dziennych i nocnych, przy czym w warunkach nocnych współpracuje z goglami noktowizyjnymi stosowanymi w lotnictwie Sił Zbrojnych RP.

Thermodynamics and phase equilibria of ternary systems relevant to contact materials for compound semiconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ipser, H.; Richter, K.; Micke, K.

1997-01-01

In order to investigate the stability of ohmic contacts to compound semiconductors, it is necessary to know the phase equilibria in the corresponding multi-component systems. We are currently studying the phase equilibria and thermophysical properties of several ternary systems which are of interest in view of the use of nickel, palladium and platinum as contact materials for GaSb and InSb compound semiconductors: Ga-Ni-Sb, In-Ni-Sb, Ga-Pd-Sb and Ga-Pt-Sb. Phase equilibria are investigated by thermal analyses, X-ray powder diffraction methods as well as electron microprobe analysis. Thermodynamic properties are derived from vapour pressure measurements using an isopiestic method. It is planned to combine all information on phase equilibria and thermochemistry for the ternary and the limiting binary systems to perform an optimization of the ternary systems by computer calculations using standard software. (author)

Ternary system of dihydroartemisinin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and lecithin: simultaneous enhancement of drug solubility and stability in aqueous solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dan; Li, Haiyan; Gu, Jingkai; Guo, Tao; Yang, Shuo; Guo, Zhen; Zhang, Xueju; Zhu, Weifeng; Zhang, Jiwen

2013-09-01

The purpose of this study was to simultaneously improve the solubility and stability of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in aqueous solutions by a ternary cyclodextrin system comprised of DHA, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and a third auxiliary substance. Solubility and phase solubility studies were carried out to evaluate the solubilizing efficiency of HP-β-CD in association with various auxiliary substances. Then, the solid binary (DHA-HP-β-CD or DHA-lecithin) and ternary systems were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and power X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The effect of the ternary system on the solubility, dissolution and stability of DHA in aqueous solutions was also investigated. As a result, the soybean lecithin was found to be the most promising third component in terms of solubility enhancement. For the solid characterization, the disappearance of the drug crystallinity indicated the formation of new solid phases, implicating the formation of the ternary system. The dissolution rate of the solid ternary system was much faster than that of the drug alone and binary systems. Importantly, compared with binary systems, the ternary system showed a significant improvement in the stability of DHA in Hank's balanced salt solutions (pH 7.4). The solubility and stability of DHA in aqueous solutions were simultaneously enhanced by the ternary system, which might be attributed to the possible formation of a ternary complex. For the ternary interactions, results of molecular docking studies further indicated that the lecithin covered the top of the wide rim of HP-β-CD and surrounded around the peroxide bridging of DHA, providing the possibility for the ternary complex formation. In summary, the ternary system prepared in our study, with simultaneous enhancement of DHA solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, might have an important pharmaceutical potential in the development of a better

Dielectronic and radiative recombination of Si- to N-like tungsten ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biedermann, C; Radtke, R; Seidel, R; Behar, E

2009-01-01

We have performed x-ray spectroscopic measurements of the dielectronic recombination resonance strength for the LMn (n = 3, ..., 10) series of Si-like W 60+ to N-like W 67+ tungsten ions. Highly charged tungsten ions were produced, stored and excited with the Berlin electron beam ion trap and the emitted radiation was analyzed with a solid state detector. Information on the charge state abundance in the trap was extracted from a fit of the theoretical radiative recombination intensity to measured values. The fit procedure was only feasible when the fine structure, angular momentum of the recombination channels is taken into account. Our measurement of x-rays from n = 2-3, 2-4 and higher DR resonance transitions was compared to relativistic calculations of the DR cross sections and rate coefficients calculated with the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC). The previous theoretical predictions for Ne-like tungsten (W 64+ ) were extended with calculations for ions in adjacent charge states and compare well with the observed DR resonance structure.

Joining of Si3N4 ceramic using PdCo(NiSiB–V system brazing filler alloy and interfacial reactions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huaping Xiong

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The wettability of V-active PdCo-based alloys on Si3N4 ceramic was studied with the sessile drop method. And the alloy of Pd50.0–Co33.7–Ni4.0–Si2.0–B0.7–V9.6 (wt%, was developed for Si3N4 ceramic joining in the present investigation. The rapidly-solidified brazing foils were fabricated by the alloy Pd50.0–Co33.7–Ni4.0–Si2.0–B0.7–V9.6. The average room-temperature three-point bend strength of the Si3N4/Si3N4 joints brazed at 1453 K for 10 min was 205.6 MPa, and the newly developed braze gives joint strengths of 210.9 MPa, 206.6 MPa and 80.2 MPa at high temperatures of 973 K, 1073 K and 1173 K respectively. The interfacial reaction products in the Si3N4/Si3N4 joint brazed at 1453 K for 10 min were identified to be VN and Pd2Si by XRD analysis. Based on the XEDS analysis result, the residual brazing alloy existing at the central part of the joint was verified as Co-rich phases, in which the concentration of element Pd was high up to 18.0–19.1 at%. The mechanism of the interfacial reactions was discussed. Pd should be a good choice as useful alloying element in newer high-temperature braze candidates for the joining of Si-based ceramics.

A 1.1nW Energy Harvesting System with 544pW Quiescent Power for Next Generation Implants.

Science.gov (United States)

Bandyopadhyay, Saurav; Mercier, Patrick P; Lysaght, Andrew C; Stankovic, Konstantina M; Chandrakasan, Anantha P

2014-12-01

This paper presents a nW power management unit (PMU) for an autonomous wireless sensor that sustains itself by harvesting energy from the endocochlear potential (EP), the 70-100 mV electrochemical bio-potential inside the mammalian ear. Due to the anatomical constraints inside the inner ear, the total extractable power from the EP is limited to 1.1-6.25 nW. A nW boost converter is used to increase the input voltage (30-55 mV) to a higher voltage (0.8 to 1.1 V) usable by CMOS circuits in the sensor. A pW Charge Pump circuit is used to minimize the leakage in the boost converter. Further, ultra-low-power control circuits consisting of digital implementations of input impedance adjustment circuits and Zero Current Switching circuits along with Timer and Reference circuits keep the quiescent power of the PMU down to 544 pW. The designed boost converter achieves a peak power conversion efficiency of 56%. The PMU can sustain itself and a duty-cyled ultra-low power load while extracting power from the EP of a live guinea pig. The PMU circuits have been implemented on a 0.18µm CMOS process.

H2SO4-HNO3-H2O ternary system in the stratosphere

Science.gov (United States)

Kiang, C. S.; Hamill, P.

1974-01-01

Estimation of the equilibrium vapor pressure over the ternary system H2SO4-HNO3-H2O to study the possibility of stratospheric aerosol formation involving HNO3. It is shown that the vapor pressures for the ternary system H2SO4-HNO3-H2O with weight composition around 70-80% H2SO4, 10-20% HNO3, 10-20% H2O at -50 C are below the order of 10 to the minus 8th mm Hg. It is concluded that there exists more than sufficient nitric acid and water vapor in the stratosphere to participate in ternary system aerosol formation at -50 C. Therefore, HNO3 should be present in stratospheric aerosols, provided that H2SO4 is also present.

Ternary system of cesium, rubidium and lead iodides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volchanskaya, V.V.; Dunaeva, T.I.; Il'yasov, I.I.

1990-01-01

Meltability diagram of ternary system (CsI) 2 -(RbI) 2 -PbI 2 has been studied. The liquidus of the given system consists of crystallization fields of solid solutions (CsI-RbI) and (CsI·PbI 2 -RbI-PbI 2 ), fields of incongruently melting compounds 9RbI·PbI 2 , 4CsI·PbI 2 and field of PbI 2 component. In the system two nonvariant points at 410 and 380 deg C are detected

Simulation of electron transmittance and tunnel current in n{sup +} Poly-Si/HfSiO{sub x}N/Trap/SiO{sub 2}/Si(100) capacitors using analytical and numerical approaches

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noor, Fatimah A., E-mail: fatimah@fi.itb.ac.id; Iskandar, Ferry; Abdullah, Mikrajuddin; Khairurrijal [Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia)

2015-04-16

In this paper, we discuss the electron transmittance and tunneling current in high-k-based-MOS capacitors with trapping charge by including the off-diagonal effective-mass tensor elements and the effect of coupling between transverse and longitudinal energies represented by an electron velocity in the gate. The HfSiO{sub x}N/SiO{sub 2} dual ultrathin layer is used as the gate oxide in an n{sup +} poly- Si/oxide/Si capacitor to replace SiO{sub 2}. The main problem of using HfSiO{sub x}N is the charge trapping formed at the HfSiO{sub x}N/SiO{sub 2} interface that can influence the performance of the device. Therefore, it is important to develop a model taking into account the presence of electron traps at the HfSiO{sub x}N/SiO{sub 2} interface in the electron transmittance and tunneling current. The transmittance and tunneling current in n{sup +} poly- Si/HfSiO{sub x}N/trap/SiO2/Si(100) capacitors are calculated by using Airy wavefunctions and a transfer matrix method (TMM) as analytical and numerical approaches, respectively. The transmittance and tunneling current obtained from the Airy wavefunction are compared to those computed by the TMM. The effects of the electron velocity on the transmittance and tunneling current are also discussed.

Investigation of Fe-Si-N films as magnetic overcoat for high density recording disk drives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gauvin, M.; Talke, F. E.; Fullerton, E. E.

2010-01-01

A 50-nm-thick Fe-Si-N films were deposited via reactive magnetron cosputtering of independent Fe and Si targets, in Ar/N 2 gas mixture, under different dc Fe target power conditions. Magnetic properties, mechanical hardness and tribological properties were characterized as a function of the Fe target power by magnetometry, nanoindentation, and nanoscratch testing, respectively. Deposited samples were found to be ferromagnetic with a coercivity of approximately 20 Oe and a saturation magnetization increasing from 200 to 1100 emu/cm 3 as a function of Fe sputter power, i.e., values typical of soft magnetic materials. The mechanical hardness was found to be between 50% and 70% of the hardness of a pure SiN x film. Nanotribological properties of films deposited with a Fe target power ≥80 W degraded rapidly.

Dependence of glass-forming ability on starting compositions in Y2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 system

OpenAIRE

Yixiang Chen; Zengchao Yang; Bin He; Guanghua Liu; Jiangtao Li; Liang Wu

2011-01-01

The dependence of glass-forming ability on starting compositions in Y2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 (YAS) system has been investigated by melting experiment. Transparent YAS glasses have been prepared under the condition of furnace cooling instead of quenching. It is found that, in the YAS ternary phase diagram, the compositions on the Y3Al5O12–SiO2 line and with 52-68 mol% SiO2 have a higher glass-forming ability to produce pure glass. For the compositions with too much or less SiO2 or with Y/Al = 5/3, 1/1,...

Thermodiffusion, molecular diffusion and Soret coefficient of binary and ternary mixtures of n-hexane, n-dodecane and toluene.

Science.gov (United States)

Alonso de Mezquia, David; Wang, Zilin; Lapeira, Estela; Klein, Michael; Wiegand, Simone; Mounir Bou-Ali, M

2014-11-01

In this study, the thermodiffusion, molecular diffusion, and Soret coefficients of 12 binary mixtures composed of toluene, n-hexane and n-dodecane in the whole range of concentrations at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 298.15 K and 308.15 K have been determined. The experimental measurements have been carried out using the Thermogravitational Column, the Sliding Symmetric Tubes and the Thermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering techniques. The results obtained using the different techniques show a maximum deviation of 9% for the thermodiffusion coefficient, 8% for the molecular diffusion coefficient and 2% for the Soret coefficient. For the first time we report a decrease of the thermodiffusion coefficient with increasing ratio of the thermal expansion coefficient and viscosity for a binary mixture of an organic ring compound with a short n-alkane. This observation is discussed in terms of interactions between the different components. Additionally, the thermogravitational technique has been used to measure the thermodiffusion coefficients of four ternary mixtures consisting of toluene, n-hexane and n-dodecane at 298.15 K. In order to complete the study, the values obtained for the molecular diffusion coefficient in binary mixtures, and the thermodiffusion coefficient of binary and ternary mixtures have been compared with recently derived correlations.

GaN nanorods and LED structures grown on patterned Si and AlN/Si substrates by selective area growth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Shunfeng; Fuendling, Soenke; Soekmen, Uensal; Neumann, Richard; Merzsch, Stephan; Peiner, Erwin; Wehmann, Hergo-Heinrich; Waag, Andreas [Institut fuer Halbleitertechnik, TU Braunschweig (Germany); Hinze, Peter; Weimann, Thomas [Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig (Germany); Jahn, Uwe; Trampert, Achim; Riechert, Henning [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Berlin (Germany)

2010-07-15

GaN nanorods (NRs) show promising applications in high-efficiency light emitting diodes, monolithic white light emission and optical interconnection due to their superior properties. In this work, we performed GaN nanostructures growth by pre-patterning the Si and AlN/Si substrates. The pattern was transferred to Si and AlN/Si substrates by photolithography and inductively-coupled plasma etching. GaN NRs were grown on these templates by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). GaN grown on Si pillar templates show a truncated pyramidal structure. Transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrated clearly that the threading dislocations bend to the side facets of the GaN nanostructures and terminate. GaN growth can also be observed on the sidewalls and bottom surface between the Si pillars. A simple phenomenological model is proposed to explain the GaN nanostructure growth on Si pillar templates. Based on this model, we developed another growth method, by which we grow GaN rod structures on pre-patterned AlN/Si templates. By in-situ nitridation and decreasing of the V/III ratio, we found that GaN rods only grew on the patterned AlN/Si dots with an aspect ratio of about 1.5 - 2. (copyright 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Non-freely generated W-algebras and construction of N=2 super W-algebras

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blumenhagen, R.

1994-07-01

Firstly, we investigate the origin of the bosonic W-algebras W(2, 3, 4, 5), W(2, 4, 6) and W(2, 4, 6) found earlier by direct construction. We present a coset construction for all three examples leading to a new type of finitely, non-freely generated quantum W-algebras, which we call unifying W-algebras. Secondly, we develop a manifest covariant formalism to construct N = 2 super W-algebras explicitly on a computer. Applying this algorithm enables us to construct the first four examples of N = 2 super W-algebras with two generators and the N = 2 super W 4 algebra involving three generators. The representation theory of the former ones shows that all examples could be divided into four classes, the largest one containing the N = 2 special type of spectral flow algebras. Besides the W-algebra of the CP(3) Kazama-Suzuki coset model, the latter example with three generators discloses a second solution which could also be explained as a unifying W-algebra for the CP(n) models. (orig.)

Kinetics of radiation-induced segregation in ternary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lam, N.O.; Kumar, A.; Wiedersich, H.

1982-01-01

Model calculations of radiation-induced segregation in ternary alloys have been performed, using a simple theory. The theoretical model describes the coupling between the fluxes of radiation-induced defects and alloying elements in an alloy A-B-C by partitioning the defect fluxes into those occurring via A-, B-, and C-atoms, and the atom fluxes into those taking place via vacancies and interstitials. The defect and atom fluxes can be expressed in terms of concentrations and concentration gradients of all the species present. With reasonable simplifications, the radiation-induced segregation problem can be cast into a system of four coupled partial-differential equations, which can be solved numerically for appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Model calculations have been performed for ternary solid solutions intended to be representative of Fe-Cr-Ni and Ni-Al-Si alloys under various irradiation conditions. The dependence of segregation on both the alloy properties and the irradiation variables, e.g., temperature and displacement rate, was calculated. The sample calculations are in good qualitative agreement with the general trends of radiation-induced segregation observed experimentally

In-situ SiN{sub x}/InN structures for InN field-effect transistors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zervos, Ch., E-mail: hzervos@physics.uoc.gr; Georgakilas, A. [Microelectronics Research Group (MRG), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas - FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete (Greece); Department of Physics, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete (Greece); Adikimenakis, A.; Kostopoulos, A.; Kayambaki, M.; Tsagaraki, K.; Konstantinidis, G. [Microelectronics Research Group (MRG), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas - FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete (Greece); Beleniotis, P. [Department of Physics, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete (Greece)

2016-04-04

Critical aspects of InN channel field-effect transistors (FETs) have been investigated. SiN{sub x} dielectric layers were deposited in-situ, in the molecular beam epitaxy system, on the surface of 2 nm InN layers grown on GaN (0001) buffer layers. Metal-insulator-semiconductor Ni/SiN{sub x}/InN capacitors were analyzed by capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage measurements and were used as gates in InN FET transistors (MISFETs). Comparison of the experimental C-V results with self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson calculations indicates the presence of a positive charge at the SiN{sub x}/InN interface of Q{sub if} ≈ 4.4 – 4.8 × 10{sup 13 }cm{sup −2}, assuming complete InN strain relaxation. Operation of InN MISFETs was demonstrated, but their performance was limited by a catastrophic breakdown at drain-source voltages above 2.5–3.0 V, the low electron mobility, and high series resistances of the structures.

Volumetric properties of ternary (IL + 2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol + ethyl acetate) systems and binary (IL + 2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol) and (1-butanol or 2-butanol + ethyl acetate) systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bahadur, Indra; Deenadayalu, Nirmala; Tywabi, Zikhona; Sen, Sabyasachi; Hofman, Tadeusz

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Experimental densities were determined at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K. ► IL: methyl trioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was used. ► Virial Based Mixing Rule correlation of the binary excess molar volume data. ► Binary excess molar volume was both negative and positive. ► Ternary excess molar volume data was correlated with the Cibulka equation. - Abstract: The experimental densities for the binary or ternary systems were determined at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K. The ionic liquid methyl trioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([MOA] + [Tf 2 N] − ) was used for three of the five binary systems studied. The binary systems were ([MOA] + [Tf 2 N] − + 2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol) and (1-butanol or 2-butanol + ethyl acetate). The ternary systems were {methyl trioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + 2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol + ethyl acetate}. The binary and ternary excess molar volumes for the above systems were calculated from the experimental density values for each temperature. The Redlich–Kister smoothing polynomial was fitted to the binary excess molar volume data. Virial-Based Mixing Rules were used to correlate the binary excess molar volume data. The binary excess molar volume results showed both negative and positive values over the entire composition range for all the temperatures. The ternary excess molar volume data were successfully correlated with the Cibulka equation using the Redlich–Kister binary parameters.

Construction of g-C3N4/CeO2/ZnO ternary photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Yuan; Huang, Gui-Fang; Hu, Wang-Yu; Xiong, Dan-Ni; Zhou, Bing-Xin; Chang, Shengli; Huang, Wei-Qing

2017-07-01

Promoting the spatial separation of photoexcited charge carriers is of paramount significance for photocatalysis. In this work, binary g-C3N4/CeO2 nanosheets are first prepared by pyrolysis and subsequent exfoliation method, then decorated with ZnO nanoparticles to construct g-C3N4/CeO2/ZnO ternary nanocomposites with multi-heterointerfaces. Notably, the type-II staggered band alignments existing between any two of the constituents, as well as the efficient three-level transfer of electron-holes in unique g-C3N4/CeO2/ZnO ternary composites, leads to the robust separation of photoexcited charge carriers, as verified by its photocurrent increased by 8 times under visible light irradiation. The resulting g-C3N4/CeO2/ZnO ternary nanocomposites unveil appreciably increased photocatalytic activity, faster than that of pure g-C3N4, ZnO and g-C3N4/CeO2 by a factor of 11, 4.6 and 3.7, respectively, and good stability toward methylene blue (MB) degradation. The remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/CeO2/ZnO ternary heterostructures can be interpreted in terms of lots of active sites of nanosheet shapes and the efficient charge separation owing to the resulting type-II band alignment with more than one heterointerface and the efficient three-level electron-hole transfer. A plausible mechanism is also elucidated via active species trapping experiments with various scavengers, which indicating that the photogenerated holes and •OH radicals play a crucial role in photodegradation reaction under visible light irradiation. This work suggest that the rational design and construction of type II multi-heterostructures is powerful for developing highly efficient and reusable visible-light photocatalysts for environmental purification and energy conversion.

The effect of Si content on the fracture toughness of CrAlN/Si3N4 coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, S.; Wheeler, J. M.; Davis, C. E.; Clegg, W. J.; Zeng, X. T.

2016-01-01

CrAlN/Si 3 N 4 nanocomposite coatings with different Si contents were deposited to understand how Si influences the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of the coatings, in particular, the fracture toughness. The coating composition, chemical bonding, microstructure, and mechanical properties were studied by energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation, respectively. Using a micro double cantilever beam sample, it was found that the fracture toughness of CrAlN/Si 3 N 4 coatings was higher than that of both the CrN and CrAlN coatings and increased with increasing Si content. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy suggested that this was caused by the suppression of cracking at columnar boundaries

Influence of PECVD deposited SiNx passivation layer thickness on In0.18Al0.82N/GaN/Si HEMT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Sarab Preet; Liu, Yi; Ngoo, Yi Jie; Kyaw, Lwin Min; Bera, Milan Kumar; Chor, Eng Fong; Dolmanan, S B; Tripathy, Sudhiranjan

2015-01-01

The influence of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride (SiN x ) passivation film thickness on In 0.18 Al 0.82 N/GaN/Si heterostructures and HEMTs has been investigated. The formation of Si 3 N 4 was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements reveal that both the density and roughness of the SiN x film increase with increasing film thickness. With an increase in SiN x film thickness, a significant increase in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density, drain current, extrinsic transconductance and negative threshold voltage shift of the In 0.18 Al 0.82 /GaN/Si HEMTs are observed. An optimal thickness of SiN x is ∼100 nm and it yields a substantial increase in 2DEG density (∼30%) with a minimum sheet resistance for In 0.18 Al 0.82 N/GaN/Si heterostructures. Furthermore, we correlate the observed SiN x film thickness-dependent electrical characteristics of In 0.18 Al 0.82 /GaN/Si HEMTs with the density of the SiN x film. (paper)

Relationship Between Crystalline Structure and Hardness of Ti-Si-N-O Coatings Fabricated by dc Sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

García-González, Leandro; Hernández-Torres, Julián; Mendoza-Barrera, Claudia; Meléndez-Lira, Miguel; García-Ramírez, Pedro J.; Martínez-Castillo, Jaime; Sauceda, Ángel; Herrera-May, Agustin L.; Muñoz Saldaña, Juan; Espinoza-Beltrán, Francisco J.

2008-08-01

Ti-Si-N-O coatings were deposited on AISI D2 tool steel and silicon substrates by dc reactive magnetron co-sputtering using a target of Ti-Si with a constant area ratio of 0.2. The substrate temperature was 400 °C and reactive atmosphere of nitrogen and argon. For all samples, argon flow was maintained constant at 25 sccm, while the flow of the nitrogen was varied to analyze the structural changes related to chemical composition and resistivity. According to results obtained by x-ray diffraction and stoichiometry calculations by x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy the Ti-Si-N-O coatings contain two solid solutions. The higher crystalline part corresponds to titanium oxynitrure. Hardness tests on the coatings were carried out using the indentation work model and the hardness value was determined. Finally, the values of hardness were corroborated by nanoindentation test, and values of Young’s modulus and elastic recovery were discussed. We concluded that F2TSN sample ( F Ar = 25 sccm, F N = 5 sccm, P = 200 W, and P W = 8.9 × 10-3 mbar) presented the greatest hardness and the lowest resistivity values, due to its preferential crystalline orientation.

Effect of Si and Mn additions on ferrite and austenite phase fractions in 25Cr-7Ni-1.5Mo-3W base super duplex stainless steels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeong, S.W.; Lee, Z.-H.; Lee, H.M.

2000-01-01

The effect of heat treatment and Si and Mn additions on the ferrite and austenite phase fractions of the super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), Fe-25Cr-7Ni-1.5Mo-3W-Si-Mn-0.25N (numbers are all in wt.% unless specified otherwise), was investigated. The thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria and phase fractions were performed using the Thermo-Calc program. Based on the calculated results, specific compositions of Si and Mn were selected and alloys with these compositions were analysed by Feritscope, X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The calculated phase fractions and experimentally analysed ones were compared and there was a good agreement between calculations and measurements. The optimum heat treatment condition for Fe-25Cr-7Ni-1.5Mo-3W-0.5Si-0.5Mn-0.25N is to hold at 1050 to 1100 C for 2 h in considering the ferrite to austenite ratio of 50:50 and to avoid second phase precipitation such as the σ phase. It was suggested that an excessive addition of more than 0.8Si and 1.0Mn may induce the σ phase precipitation. (orig.)

[Evaluation of the Peusner's coefficients matrix for polymeric membrane and ternary non-electrolyte solutions].

Science.gov (United States)

Jasik-Slęzak, Jolanta; Slęzak-Prochazka, Izabella; Slęzak, Andrzej

2014-01-01

A system of network forms of Kedem-Katchalsky (K-K) equations for ternary non-electrolyte solutions is made of eight matrix equations containing Peusner's coefficients R(ij), L(ij), H(ij), W(ij), K(ij), N(ij), S(ij) or P(ij) (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}). The equations are the result of symmetric or hybrid transformation of the classic form of K-K equations by the use of methods of Peusner's network thermodynamics (PNT). Calculating concentration dependences of the determinant of Peusner's coefficients matrixes R(ij), L(ij), H(ij), W(ij), S(ij), N(ij), K(ij) and P(ij) (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}). The material used in the experiment was a hemodialysis Nephrophan membrane with specified transport properties (L(p), σ, Ω) in aqueous glucose and ethanol solution. The method involved equations for determinants of the matrixes coefficients R(ij), L(ij), H(ij), W(ij), S(ij), N(ij), K(ij) or P(ij) (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}). The objective of calculations were dependences of determinants of Peusner's coeffcients matrixes R(ij), L(ij), H(ij), W(ij), S(ij), N(ij), K(ij) or P(ij) (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}) within the conditions of solution homogeneity upon an average concentration of one component of solution in the membrane (C1) with a determined value of the second component (C2). The method of calculating the determinants of Peusner's coeffcients matrixes R(ij), L(ij), H(ij), W(ij), S(ij), N(ij), K(ij) or P(ij) (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}) is a new tool that may be applicable in studies on membrane transport. Calculations showed that the coefficients are sensitive to concentration and composition of solutions separated by a polymeric membrane.

Organic alloy systems suitable for the investigation of regular binary and ternary eutectic growth

Science.gov (United States)

Sturz, L.; Witusiewicz, V. T.; Hecht, U.; Rex, S.

2004-09-01

Transparent organic alloys showing a plastic crystal phase were investigated experimentally using differential scanning calorimetry and directional solidification with respect to find a suitable model system for regular ternary eutectic growth. The temperature, enthalpy and entropy of phase transitions have been determined for a number of pure substances. A distinction of substances with and without plastic crystal phases was made from their entropy of melting. Binary phase diagrams were determined for selected plastic crystal alloys with the aim to identify eutectic reactions. Examples for lamellar and rod-like eutectic solidification microstructures in binary systems are given. The system (D)Camphor-Neopentylglycol-Succinonitrile is identified as a system that exhibits, among others, univariant and a nonvariant eutectic reaction. The ternary eutectic alloy close to the nonvariant eutectic composition solidifies with a partially faceted solid-liquid interface. However, by adding a small amount of Amino-Methyl-Propanediol (AMPD), the temperature of the nonvariant eutectic reaction and of the solid state transformation from plastic to crystalline state are shifted such, that regular eutectic growth with three distinct nonfaceted phases is observed in univariant eutectic reaction for the first time. The ternary phase diagram and examples for eutectic microstructures in the ternary and the quaternary eutectic alloy are given.

A constitutional investigation of the Mo-Pd-Rh ternary system at 1100deg C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guerler, R.; Pratt, J.N.

1991-01-01

Phase relations in the system Mo-Pd-Rh were studied at 1100deg C using conventionally melted and ultrarapidly solidified samples. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis were used for phase characterisation. The complete isothermal section at 1100deg C was established. The Mo bcc phase was found to have a very limited solid solution range whereas the ternary fcc solid solution originating on the Pd-Rh binary is the dominant phase in the system at this temperature. The centre of the isothermal is dominated by the ternary extension of the Mo-Rh hcp intermediate phase. The three phase (bcc+fcc+hcp) equilibrium region is located very near to the Mo-Pd binary system. No additional ternary intermediate phases were observed. The results are consistent with an isothermal section reported at higher temperatures. (orig.)

Microstructures and room temperature fracture toughness of Nb/Nb5Si3 composites alloyed with W, Mo and W–Mo fabricated by spark plasma sintering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiong, Bowen; Cai, Changchun; Wang, Zhenjun

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Microstructure of Nb/Nb 5 Si 3 composite alloyed with W and Mo is change obviously. • W and Mo elements can solid solution in Nb and Nb 5 Si 3 phase respectively. • Alloyed with W and Mo together, the solid solubility of Nb 5 Si 3 phases is undetected. • The Nb/Nb 5 Si 3 composite alloyed with W and Mo together has high fracture toughness. - Abstract: Microstructures and room temperature fracture toughness of Nb/Nb 5 Si 3 composites alloyed with W, Mo and W–Mo fabricated by spark plasma sintering were investigated. The microstructures were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on the bulk specimens for identification of phases. The chemical species were analyzed using electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA). Results indicated that the microstructures of Nb/Nb 5 Si 3 composites alloyed with W or Mo is unaltered, including primary Nb and eutectic mixtures of Nb and Nb 5 Si 3 , and the coarse and fine eutectic mixtures. The W and Mo elements solid solution in Nb and Nb 5 Si 3 phase are detected. But that alloyed with W and Mo together, The microstructures are change obviously, including Nb phase, the solid solubility phases of W and Mo atoms in Nb, and the solid solubility phases of Nb atoms in W are also found, but the solid solubility phenomenon of Nb 5 Si 3 phases is not detected. The microhardness of Nb and Nb 5 Si 3 phases increases obviously because of solid solution strengthening. The Nb/Nb 5 Si 3 composite alloyed with W and Mo together hashing high fracture toughness is attributable to the big eutectic Nb and interface of eutectic phases, which can bear large deformation to absorb the crack energy and form the decohesion between eutectic phases

Latest R&D news and beam test performance of the highly granular SiW-ECAL technological prototype for the ILC

Science.gov (United States)

Irles, A.

2018-02-01

High precision physics at future colliders as the International Linear Collider (ILC) require unprecedented high precision in the determination of the energy of final state particles. The needed precision will be achieved thanks to the Particle Flow algorithms (PF) which require highly granular and hermetic calorimeters systems. The physical proof of concept of the PF was performed in the previous campaign of beam tests of physic prototypes within the CALICE collaboration. One of these prototypes was the physics prototype of the Silicon-Tungsten Electromagnetic Calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) for the ILC. In this document we present the latest news on R&D of the next generation prototype, the technological prototype with fully embedded very front-end (VFE) electronics, of the SiW-ECAL. Special emphasis is given to the presentation and discussion of the first results from the beam test done at DESY in June 2017. The physics program for such beam test consisted in the calibration and commissioning of the current set of available SiW ECAL modules; the test of performance of individual slabs under 1T magnetic fields; and the study of electromagnetic showers events.

Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects on the selective surface oxidation of binary, ternary and quarternary model alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swaminathan, Srinivasan; Spiegel, Michael

2007-01-01

Segregation and selective oxidation phenomena of minor alloying elements during annealing of steel sheets lead to the formation of bare spots after hot dip galvanizing. In order to understand the influence of common alloying elements on the surface chemistry after annealing, model alloys of binary (Fe-2Si, Fe-2Mn and Fe-0.8Cr), ternary (Fe-2Mn-2Si, Fe-2Mn-0.8Cr and Fe-2Si-0.8Cr) and quarternary (Fe-2Mn-2Si-0.8Cr) systems were investigated. The specimens were annealed for 60 s at 820 deg. C in N 2 -5% H 2 gas atmospheres with different dew points -80 and -40 deg. C, respectively. Surface chemistry of the annealed specimens was obtained by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to view surface morphology. At low dew point -80 deg. C, apart from the thermodynamical calculations such as solubility product of oxides and their critical solute concentrations, kinetics play a decisive role on the selective oxidation, i.e. oxygen competition. As expected, the amount of external selective oxidation of alloying elements are well pronounced at higher dew point -40 deg. C. An attempt has been made to explain the dominant process of Si and Mn on Cr-oxidation and segregation. It is observed that annealing of quarternary system at higher dew point shifts the Cr-oxidation from external to internal

Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects on the selective surface oxidation of binary, ternary and quarternary model alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swaminathan, Srinivasan [High Temperature Reactions Group, Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-40237 Duesseldorf (Germany)]. E-mail: s.swaminathan@mpie.de; Spiegel, Michael [High Temperature Reactions Group, Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-40237 Duesseldorf (Germany)

2007-03-15

Segregation and selective oxidation phenomena of minor alloying elements during annealing of steel sheets lead to the formation of bare spots after hot dip galvanizing. In order to understand the influence of common alloying elements on the surface chemistry after annealing, model alloys of binary (Fe-2Si, Fe-2Mn and Fe-0.8Cr), ternary (Fe-2Mn-2Si, Fe-2Mn-0.8Cr and Fe-2Si-0.8Cr) and quarternary (Fe-2Mn-2Si-0.8Cr) systems were investigated. The specimens were annealed for 60 s at 820 deg. C in N{sub 2}-5% H{sub 2} gas atmospheres with different dew points -80 and -40 deg. C, respectively. Surface chemistry of the annealed specimens was obtained by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to view surface morphology. At low dew point -80 deg. C, apart from the thermodynamical calculations such as solubility product of oxides and their critical solute concentrations, kinetics play a decisive role on the selective oxidation, i.e. oxygen competition. As expected, the amount of external selective oxidation of alloying elements are well pronounced at higher dew point -40 deg. C. An attempt has been made to explain the dominant process of Si and Mn on Cr-oxidation and segregation. It is observed that annealing of quarternary system at higher dew point shifts the Cr-oxidation from external to internal.

New method for the simultaneous condensation of complete ternary alloy systems under ultrahigh vacuum conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mehrtens, A.; Moske, M.; Samwer, K.

1988-01-01

An ultrahigh vacuum apparatus is described for the simultaneous condensation of complete ternary alloy systems. Three singly controlled electron beam evaporation sources provide a constant evaporation rate of the different elements. A specially designed rotating mask guarantees a concentration gradient on the substrate according to a ternary phase diagram. The conversion of the actual concentration profile into a standard ternary phase diagram is done by simple computer calculations. They involve corrections for the beam characteristics of the evaporation sources and for the rotating mask. As an example, measurements for the Zr--Cu--Co system are given. The concentration range for the amorphous phase is compared with thermodynamic predictions using Miedema's parameter

Liquid formation in the Y-Si-Al-O-N system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Redington Keely, W.; Redington, M.; Hampshire, S. [Limerick Univ. (Ireland). Materials Research Centre

2000-07-01

Some silicon nitride ceramics are sintered using a combination of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} additives to form a Y-Si-Al-O-N liquid that promotes densification and allows the {alpha}{yields}{beta} transformation to take place by solution/precipitation through the liquid which cools as an intergranular phase. The type and amount of additive determines the nature and quantity of the resulting grain boundary phase as indicated and this can affect high temperature strength, creep resistance and oxidation resistance. Thus it is important to understand the phase equilibria in these complex systems and then apply this knowledge to processing, the development of beneficial microstructures and the relationship between these and properties. One difficulty is that, for any particular composition, the quantity and composition of the liquid at the sintering temperature is not known accurately and a full compositional representation has not been achieved. This paper attempts to represent the liquid region at various temperatures in the Jaenecke prism of the Y-Si-Al-O-N system. Published information on liquid compositions, standardised into eq.% format, was combined with experimental data interpolated from the less well defined regions to build a composite picture of liquid in this system. Representation was achieved using a customised graphical environment, AutoCAD trademark. AutoLISP trademark routines combined with this drafting package allow data from multiple sources to be integrated. This results in a series of overlays which indicate the liquid region from its initial formation at 1335 C and its subsequent development at different ''milestone'' temperatures. At 1700 C the orthographic projections of the liquid region are combined to give a volume bounded by nurbs surfaces, using ALIAS trademark software, to enable visualisation of the proposed liquid region. (orig.)

Study Of Boosted W-Jets And Higgs-Jets With the SiFCC Detector