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Sample records for vodopodgotovki ikh mesto

  1. Web Access to Digitised Content of the Exhibition Novo Mesto 1848-1918 at the Dolenjska Museum, Novo Mesto

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    Majda Pungerčar

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available EXTENDED ABSTRACTFor the first time, the Dolenjska museum Novo mesto provided access to digitised museum resources when they took the decision to enrich the exhibition Novo mesto 1848-1918 by adding digital content. The following goals were identified: the digital content was created at the time of exhibition planning and design, it met the needs of different age groups of visitors, and during the exhibition the content was accessible via touch screen. As such, it also served for educational purposes (content-oriented lectures or problem solving team work. In the course of exhibition digital content was accessible on the museum website http://www.novomesto1848-1918.si. The digital content was divided into the following sections: the web photo gallery, the quiz and the game. The photo gallery was designed in the same way as the exhibition and the print catalogue and extended by the photos of contemporary Novo mesto and accompanied by the music from the orchestron machine. The following themes were outlined: the Austrian Empire, the Krka and Novo mesto, the town and its symbols, images of the town and people, administration and economy, social life and Novo mesto today followed by digitised archive materials and sources from that period such as the Commemorative book of the Uniformed Town Guard, the National Reading Room Guest Book, the Kazina guest book, the album of postcards and the Diploma of Honoured Citizen Josip Gerdešič. The Web application was also a tool for a simple and on line selection of digitised material and the creation of new digital content which proved to be much more convenient for lecturing than Power Point presentations. The quiz consisted of 40 questions relating to the exhibition theme and the catalogue. Each question offered a set of three answers only one of them being correct and illustrated by photography. The application auto selected ten questions and valued the answers immediately. The quiz could be accessed

  2. The impact of employee satisfaction on productivity in Tiskarna Novo mesto, Ltd.

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    Simona Cimperman

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Research Question: Does employee satisfaction, impact on productivity? How are these two variables associated? What is the job satisfaction in Tiskarna Novo mesto, Ltd. What needs to be done to make employees more satisfied at work and, consequently, more productive? Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine what are the factors that influence employee satisfaction Tiskarna Novo mesto, Ltd. and check the connection between work satisfaction and employee productivity. The aim of the research is to examine what is the level of job satisfaction of employees in Tiskarna Novo mesto, Ltd. And find our reasons and factors that prevent employees were satisfied in the workplace. Method: In this study we used a descriptive method and the method of combining the study of domestic and foreign literature. Pending the results we have come to interview employees in the Tiskarna Novo mesto, Ltd. Results: We conducted a survey among employees in Tiskarna Novo mesto, Ltd and we came to the conclusion that the employees are medium satisfied – the average grade point job satisfaction of employees was 3.1 (evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale. The worst assessed was factor in job satisfaction opportunity for advancement and educational opportunities. We have found out that factors like receiving praise and awards as well as good interpersonal relations are those that affect good on job satisfaction, on the other hand conflict is the one that reduces job satisfaction. The existence of links between work satisfaction and productivity were not found (r = -0.061. Organization: The organization and managers, it is important to know which are the factors by which employees are satisfied or dissatisfied. Results of the research will give managers a clear picture of the factors of satisfaction / dissatisfaction and opinion on productivity. Society: The employees it means a lot to have your job satisfaction and consequently they are more productive. Originality: The

  3. TRANSPORT OF PATIENTS FOR PRIMARY PTCA FROM GENERAL HOSPITAL NOVO MESTO TO LJUBLJANA IN 2002

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    Renata Okrajšek

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Background. The treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS with ST-segment elevation with primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA is the best way to treat these patients. Primary PTCA is also practicable with patients who are admitted into institution without catheter laboratory. The transport of patients into the tertiary institution is safe, but it is important to keep the time of ischemia as short as possible and to reach the time interval of door-balloon as recommended by the guidelines. The ACS patients with ST-segment elevation that were directed into General Hospital Novo mesto after examination at the internistic emergency department have been redirected to KC Ljubljana for realization of PTCA since October 2001.Methods. A prospective analysis of patients with ACS with STsegment elevation, who had been transferred from General Hospital Novo mesto to KC Ljubljana in the period from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002 to have a primary PTCA, was performed. The analysis comprised the following: the time interval of handling the patients at Internistic department of General Hospital Novo mesto, the time of transport of patients to Ljubljana and total time interval from the arrival of patients to General Hospital Novo mesto to the first inflation of balloon in Ljubljana. We monitored the complications that occurred during the treatment of the patients.Results. In the above mentioned period 29 patients (24 males and 5 females were transported from the General Hospital Novo mesto to the KC Ljubljana to have a primary PTCA performed. The total time interval measured between the patients’ arrival to General Hospital Novo mesto to the first inflation of balloon in Ljubljana in the year 2002 was 145 minutes, which is 17 minutes better than in the previous period. The time interval recommended by the guidelines was achieved with four patients.Conclusions. By recognizing the problems that had encountered with directing the

  4. The historical town core and traffic in Novo mesto

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    Lilijana Jankovič

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available The historical town core of Novo mesto is subject to intolerable traffic conditions. Individual car use is suffocating the town core, but simultaneously good access is essential for shopkeepers and other inhabitants since buses don’t go there. The project proposes changes to the traffic regime, its basic goals are to redesign the town square into a pedestrian place and to eliminate transitory traffic by rerouting vehicles to less burdened side roads. It introduces short-term parking, smaller parking garages in the core and larger parking spaces on the edge and routes the buses through the town core.

  5. Ikh Turgen Mountain Glacier Change and 3d Surface Extents Prediction Using Long Term Landsat Image and Climate Data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nasanbat, Elbegjargal; Erdenebat, Erdenetogtokh; Chogsom, Bolorchuluun; Lkhamjav, Ochirkhuyag; Nanzad, Lkhagvadorj

    2018-04-01

    The glacier is most important the freshwater resources and indicator of the climate change. The researchers noted that during last decades the glacier is melting due to global warming. The study calculates a spatial distribution of protentional change of glacier coverage in the Ikh Turgen mountain of Western Mongolia, and it integrates long-term climate data and satellite datasets. Therefore, in this experiment has tried to estimation three-dimensional surface area of the glacier. For this purpose, Normalized difference snow index (NDSI) was applied to decision tree approach, using Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+ and LC8 imagery for 1975-2016, a surface and slope for digital elevation model, precipitation and air temperature historical data of meteorological station. The potential volume area significantly changed glacier cover of the Ikh Turgen Mountain, and the area affected by highly variable precipitation and air temperature regimes. Between 1972 and 2016, a potential area of glacier area has been decreased in Ikh Turgen mountain region.

  6. Home Range Characteristics and Habitat Selection by Daurian Hedgehogs ( Mesechinus dauuricus in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

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    Mirka Zapletal

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available We examined home range characteristics and habitat selection of Daurian hedgehogs in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia. Home ranges of hedgehogs varied from 113.15 ha to 2,171.97 ha, and were larger in early summer than late summer. Hedgehogs showed relative preference for rocky outcrops and low-density shrub habitats, and relative avoidance of high- density shrub areas. Habitat selection also changed between early and late summer, shifting to greater use of low-density shrub areas and decreased use of forb-dominated short grass. Our baseline data on home ranges and habitat selection expand understanding of hedgehog ecology and provide guidance for future management decisions in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve and elsewhere in Mongolia.

  7. Evaluating the Quality of Protected Areas for Species: A Case Study in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

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    James D. Murdoch

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Species’ distributions refl ect the quality of landscape conditions, and represent an important component of protected area management. However, distributions are diffi cult to estimate, and consequently, often determined through a combination of limited fi eld data and expert opinion, which may lead to biases. We demonstrate the use of occupancy models to map distributions and estimate landscape quality. We used occupancy models for two species, the red fox and toad-headed agama, to map their distributions in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve located in southeastern Mongolia. We then used occupancy probability as a measure of quality and tested whether differences existed in quality between three areas: 1 inside the reserve, 2 inside the reserve’s core protected area, and 3 outside the reserve, using 30 sample sites in each. Occupancy probability varied from 0.084 to 0.997 for red foxes and 0.022 to 0.949 for agamas in maps. Landscape quality was highest in the core area and lowest outside the reserve for red foxes, and highest outside the reserve and lowest in the core area for agamas. Our results provide visual depictions of distributions across the Ikh Nart landscape and a means of assessing the quality of the Ikh Nart protected area that may inform management activities.

  8. The current state of forests in the lower reaches of the Vah section Sala - Nove Mesto nad Vahom; Sucasny stav lesov dolneho toku Vahu v useku Sala - Nove Mesto nad Vahom

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abrahamova, A [Slovenska akademia vied, Ustav krajinnej ekologie, P.O.Box 254, 81499 Bratislava (Slovakia)

    2009-04-22

    Area of interest lies in the central part of the Danube plain and extends along both sides of the river Vah. Naturally occurring habitats close to small-scale, and are considerable anthropicly contingent either directly (forestry) or indirectly (modified water regime). The contribution gives phyto-sociological characteristics of forests in the lower reaches of the Vah section Sala - Nove Mesto nad Vahom. We drew up the 21 phyto-sociological entries characterizing forest vegetation, which we classified into two associations Salici-Populetum, Fraxino Ulmetum-and community-Crataegus monogyna Populus nigra.

  9. A Contribution to Insect Studies in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia: Vespid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae

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    Batchuluun Buyanjargal

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available Ikh Nart Nature Reserve remains poorly studied for invertebrates, especially for vespid wasps. A total of 14 vespid species belonging to seven genera of the subfamily Eumeninae were recorded from diff erent habitats (rocky outcrops, springs, tall vegetation habitats, shrub-lands and short grass steppes in the nature reserve during three-year studies (2015-2017. These species represent 27 percent of the vespid fauna of the desert-steppe zone of Mongolia. We found the highest species richness in areas where water was available (near springs and wells, and the lowest richness in habitats with tall vegetation. Among the diff erent habitat types, vespid species composition was most similar (91% shared species between rocky outcrops and spring habitats. Six vespid species range from Kazakhstan to Mongolian, and one species is sub-endemic to Mongolia. Availability of water sources and nesting sites were possibly the main factors infl uencing the distribution of vespid wasps. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive research into the insect community of Ikh Nart Nature Reserve.

  10. Qualitative-quantitative characteristic of bird community of middle course alluvium of the Vah River (Piestany - Nove Mesto); Kvalitativno-kvantitativna charakteristika ornitocenoz aluvia stredneho toku Vahu (Piestany - Nove Mesto nad Vahom)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lacko, J. [Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave, Prirodovedecka fakulta, Katedra ekologie, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia); Topercer, J. [Botanicka zahrada Univerzity Komenskeho v Bratislave, pracovisko Blatnica, 03815 Blatnica pri Martine (Slovakia)

    2013-04-16

    The research focuses on the analysis of structure and dynamics of bird communities in two transects on the Vah river alluvium between cities Piestany and Nove Mesto nad Vahom. The research is aimed on the analysis of species composition, distribution and multitude of aquatic and wetland birds, on the analysis of their seasonal dynamics, inter-annual variability in species composition, diversity and others indicators of birds in these transects. The secondary aim is to find out the main types of disturbances, their intensity, antropogenous effects and others chosen environment variables in these transects of Vah river alluvium. We will utilize statistical analyses from these environmental variables and explain their impact on bird communities of this area. From these findings suitable management measures for the conservation or improvement of conservation status of target species will be derived. (authors)

  11. The current state of forests in the lower reaches of the Vah section Sala - Nove Mesto nad Vahom

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abrahamova, A.

    2009-01-01

    Area of interest lies in the central part of the Danube plain and extends along both sides of the river Vah. Naturally occurring habitats close to small-scale, and are considerable anthropicly contingent either directly (forestry) or indirectly (modified water regime). The contribution gives phyto-sociological characteristics of forests in the lower reaches of the Vah section Sala - Nove Mesto nad Vahom. We drew up the 21 phyto-sociological entries characterizing forest vegetation, which we classified into two associations Salici-Populetum, Fraxino Ulmetum-and community-Crataegus monogyna Populus nigra.

  12. Historical outline of 16th century signets: including examples from the Franciscan monastery in Novo mesto

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    Ines Jerele

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available The library of the Franciscan Monastery in Novo mesto keeps 224 early prints from the 16th century in which 175 printers’ and publishers’ devices were recorded. These were printed between 1501 and 1600 in 88 printers’ workshops across Europe. Printers’ and publishers’ devices, also called signets, were used in the 16th century as trademarks of respective printers and publishers. Spiritual and cultural ideas of the 16th century and intellectual goals of their owners are reflected in the complex humanistic motifs of signets. Most of the 16th century signets can be compared to impresas; they include a symbolic image and a short motto in Latin. This text presents some of the main characteristics of signets registered in Slovenia, such as the meaning, design features and motifs, dating from the early development of print culture in Europe.

  13. Documentation of the ground along the Morava river - Slapanov segment of the Druzba oil pipeline and along the Slapanov - Nove Mesto segment of the petroleum product pipeline with respect to pollution with oil hydrocarbons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kult, L.; Sara, V.

    1993-12-01

    Oil leaks from the Druzba pipeline between the Morava river and the Nove Mesto or Moutnice towns were examined by aerial photographing and soil sampling. The intensity of pollution was found to lie below regulatory limits. Suspect sites with respect to their pollution by oil substances were entered into maps. (J.B.). 3 tabs., 27 figs

  14. Cinereous Vulture Nesting Ecology in Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve, Mongolia

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    Richard P. Reading

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Cinereous vultures ( Aegypius monachus are the largest raptors in Eurasia. Little is known about the species, especially in Mongolia. We studied the nesting ecology of cinereous vultures in Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve, Dornogobi Aimag. To assess reproductive success, we located active nests and periodically checked to determine if they remained active. We measured nest sizes and, periodically, nestling sizes and weights. We located 42 active cinereous vulture nests (27 on rocks and 15 on trees in 2003 and 19 nests (14 on rocks and 5 on trees in 2004. Mean volume of active nests was 3.92 ± 0.39 m 3 ( n = 36. Most nests failed prior to egg hatching, but after hatching nesting success rates increased dramatically. Following hatching, cinereous vulture chicks grew linearly until leveling off just prior to fledging. We generated growth curves for chicks that allowed us to determine the average size of chicks on specific dates. Improving the prospects for successful cinereous vulture conservation likely requires a better understanding of nesting ecology. As such, we plan to improve the quality of our data by monitoring nests more intensively to determine incubation and fledging lengths, as well as causes of nest failures.

  15. Factors Affecting Home Ranges of Red Foxes in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

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    Tserendorj Munkhzul

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Changes in red fox home range size in relation to environmental and intrinsic factors were studied using radio-telemetry during 2006–2008 in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, southeastern Mongolia. We captured a total of 12 red foxes (8 females and 4 males and fi tted them with VHF radio-collars. Marked animals were tracked up to fi ve times a week to estimate home ranges. We also trapped small mammal and insects in different biotopes for 3 years to estimate relative abundance of prey. Our results showed that mean individual home range sizes varied widely and differed among years. There was variation in home ranges between adults versus juveniles, but no signifi cant difference was found between males versus females. In addition, mean home range size did not differ seasonally for pooled years. Variation in home ranges was best explained by a model that included covariates of year and age. We suggest that spatiotemporal changes in resource availability across years infl uenced home range dynamics of red foxes in our study.

  16. Creating a Ruggedness Layer for Use in Habitat Suitability Modeling for Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

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    Nanette Bragin

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Spatially-explicit wildlife habitat models are increasingly used to study optimal habitat for species of conservation focus. A ruggedness layer, that summarizes aspect and slope, provides a useful tool for analyses conducted in a Geographic Information System (GIS, such as developing a habitat suitability index model to measure species habitat use. Ruggedness layers prove especially useful in areas where topography represents a key habitat component. We created a ruggedness layer for the Ikh Nart Nature Reserve and surrounding areas in northern Dornogobi Aimag (province, Mongolia. Using a 90 m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM digital elevation model (DEM and ArcGIS 10 spatial analyst, we created 9 categories for ruggedness. When combined with other thematic layers such as vegetation, the ruggedness layer becomes a powerful tool for analyzing habitat use by individual animals. The results of such analyses may inform decision makers in protected area planning and conservation of endangered species.

  17. Diet composition of lesser kestrels in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

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    Onolragchaa Ganbold

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The lesser kestrel is recognized as “Least Concern” in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Red List since 2011. So far, all available diet studies on the lesser kestrel were conducted in its European range or in partial African breeding and nonbreeding range. In particular, little is known about the feeding behavior of this small falcon in Asian ranges. Thus, this study can be considered as the first to examine the diet composition of the central Asian breeding populations of lesser kestrels. This study aims to provide some information about the diet composition of this species among Asian populations through biological and ecological investigations. Pellets (n = 762 dropped by lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni were collected during their breeding season from nine to 10 colony sites in Ikh Nart, between June and September of 2009 and 2010, and analyzed. A total of 1,484 prey items were identified in the pellets collected. After a measure of their weight (g and length and width (mm, we carefully examined each pellet and separated all prey remains using tweezers. Our results indicated that insects (including orthopterans and coleopterans were dominant in lesser kestrel’s diets. We found that the lesser kestrel’s diet mainly consisted of insects (69.7%, lizards (17.4%, small mammals (10%, small birds (2%, and other food (1%. Keywords: diet composition, insects, pellets, reptiles, small mammals

  18. Primerjalna analiza platform za izdelavo spletnih mest google sites wix

    OpenAIRE

    Orešek, Mateja

    2017-01-01

    Tema diplomskega seminarja je izdelava spletnih mest s pomočjo brezplačnih orodij. V današnjem času podjetja nujno potrebujejo spletno mesto, saj večina ljudi pridobi informacije na svetovnem spletu in za nekatera podjetja je strošek izdelave spletnega mesta prevelik, zato smo v diplomskem projektu preverjali, ali lahko izdelamo spletno mesto brez znanja programiranja in ali je spletno mesto, izdelano z brezplačnimi orodji, vseeno lahko videti profesionalno. Namen diplomskega projekta je ...

  19. Coprological Assessment of Enteric Parasites in Argali Sheep ( Ovis ammon , Siberian Ibex ( Capra sibirica , and Domestic Sheep and Goats at the Ikh Nart Nature Reserve in Mongolia

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    David E. Kenny

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available In the spring of 2009 (April/May the Denver Zoological Foundation in collaboration with the Mongolian Academy of Sciences conducted a fi eld coprological assessment feasibility study at the Ikh Nart Nature Reserve in southeastern Mongolia. Our initial effort was directed at fi nding simple methodologies that would work consistently in the fi eld for identifying some of the enteric parasites for argali sheep ( Ovis ammon and Siberian ibex ( Capra sibirica , and then to compare these to samples from local nomad domestic fat-tailed sheep ( Ovis aries and cashmere goats ( Capra hircus . Direct fecal examination yielded less eggs than the fl otation techniques, but was still felt to be useful as a quick screening tool. From the fl otation techniques we settled on using sugar because it appeared to yield the most eggs and sugar is readily available in Mongolia. We successfully recovered Entamoeba sp., Eimeria spp., trichostrongyles, large trichostrongyle species, Trichuris ovis and Strongyloides papillosus . We are using the digital images we captured to create a fi eld guide for common enteric parasites found in wildlife and domestics ungulates found in the reserve. In the future, we plan to use the fi eld guide and the quantitative modi fi ed McMaster technique to compare parasite egg-type numbers in both wild and domestic ungulates during different seasons.

  20. Conservation presence, not socioeconomics, leads to differences in pastoralist perceived threats to argali

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    Wesley M. Sarmento

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Community-based conservation approaches that keep people on landscapes increasingly complement preservationist models of reserves without people. Evaluations of community conservation have shown that economic incentives and socioeconomics primarily drive people’s attitudes and perceptions. Work at Mongolia’s Ikh Nart Nature Reserve demonstrates how to achieve successful conservation by integrating local people into the overall program. Using a short questionnaire, we interviewed pastoralist families across two soums (similar to a U.S. county in Ikh Nart. We examined (1 pastoralists’ perceived threats to argali sheep (Ovis ammon, (2 socioeconomic differences among pastoralists, and (3 differences between pastoralists from different soums. We found that 15 years of conservation activities—education, research, and modest ecotourism—that occurred in the northern soum led to influences on people’s perceptions toward argali conservation. Compared with pastoralists from southern Ikh Nart, pastoralists from the northern part of the reserve more likely knew that argali are protected and understood primary threats to the species. Socioeconomic factors, such as age, sex, and wealth, did not significantly influence responses. The negligible economic incentives in Ikh Nart did not lead to response differences. Our results demonstrate that conservation can influence people across socioeconomic classes without providing large economic incentives.

  1. Mesto vstretshi - Tallinn / Aleksandra Manukjan

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Manukjan, Aleksandra

    2003-01-01

    22. juulil avatakse Rotermanni soolalaos rahvusvaheline Põhja- Euroopa kaasaegse kunsti näitus "Kohtumispaik". Eesti kuraator on Hanno Soans, nimetatud ka kuraatoreid teistest maadest. Osalejatest on esile toodud Laura Stasiulyte, Miklos Gaal ja Sandis Konrads, nimetatud veel 13 osaleja nimed. Projekti autor ja mänedžer on rootsi kunstnik Truls Olin

  2. Evaluation of an ultra-low-dose oral contraceptive for dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harada, Tasuku; Momoeda, Mikio

    2016-12-01

    To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an ultra-low-dose oral contraceptive (NPC-01; 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone) in subjects with dysmenorrhea. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Clinical trial sites. Two hundred fifteen subjects with dysmenorrhea. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive NPC-01, placebo, or IKH-01 (0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone) for four cycles. Total dysmenorrhea score (verbal rating scale) assessing pain on the basis of limited ability to work and need for analgesics. The reductions of total dysmenorrhea score and visual analog scale score after the treatment were significantly higher in the NPC-01 group than in the placebo group. Furthermore, the efficacy of NPC-01 was comparable to that of IKH-01. The overall incidence of side effects was significantly higher in the NPC-01 group than in the placebo group. All side effects that occurred in the NPC-01 group were previously reported in patients receiving IKH-01. No serious side effects occurred. The ultra-low-dose contraceptive NPC-01 relieved dysmenorrhea as effectively as IKH-01. Thus, NPC-01 could represent a new option for long-term treatment of dysmenorrhea. NCT01129102. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Inhibitory Activity of Lactid Acid Bacteria Isolated from Tape Waterlily Seed to Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria (Vibrio cholera, Salmonella typhi, Shigella disentri, and E.coli and Its’ Susceptibility to Antibiotic, Bile Salt and Acidic Condition

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    Iin Khusnul Khotimah

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this research was to observe inhibitory activity of LAB isolated from tape waterlily seed to enteric pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio cholera, Salmonella typhi, Shigella disentri, E.coli ATCC 25922 and it’s susceptibility to antibiotic, in bile salt and under acidic condition. Microbia in the tape ( a fermented product of waterlily seed to showed were Streptococcus thermophilus (IKH-1, Pediococcus pentosaceus (IKH-2 and Leuconostoc mesentroides (IKH-8. Streptococcus thermophillus showed inhibition against the growth of Shigella disentri with inhibition zones 16,28 mm, but did not against the growth of V. Cholera, S. typhi, E.coli. Pediococcus pentosaceus inhibit Vibrio cholera, dan Salmonella thypi with inhibition zones 18,59 mm dan 7,91 mm. So that, Leuconostoc mesenteroides inhibit Salmonella thypi with zones inhibits average 8,25 mm. Chloramfenicol at 0.05 mg concentrations did not show inhibition against the growth of isolated Streptococcus thermophillus, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Leuconostoc mesentroides. These isolates could survive too in bile salt (2% and acidified media (pH 3.   Keyword : The tape of  waterlily seed, LAB, probiotic and enteric pathogenic   KEMAMPUAN PENGHAMBATAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DARI TAPE BIJI TERATAI TERHADAP PATOGENIK ENTERIK (VIBRIO CHOLERA, SALMONELLA THYPI, SHIGELLA DISENTRI, E. COLI, ANTIBIOTIK, KETAHANANNYA TERHADAP BILE SALT DAN ASAM   ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan penghambatan bakteri asam laktat yang diisolasi dari tape biji teratai terhadap patogenik enterik (Vibrio cholera, Salmonella thypi, Shigella disentri, E. Coli ATCC 25922, antibiotik, bile salt dan asam. Jenis bakteri yang diketahui tumbuh selama fermentasi tape biji teratai adalah Streptococcus thermopilus (IKH-1, Pediococcus pentosaceus(IKH-2, dan Leuconostoc mesentroides (IKH-8. Pengamatan terhadap uji penghambatan patogenik enterik (Vibrio cholera, Salmonella thypi, Shigella disentri, dan E. Coli ATCC

  4. Zlo menjajet mesto zhitelstva / Ilja Svensson

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Svensson, Ilja

    2002-01-01

    Videomängul "Resident Evil" põhinev samanimeline õudusfilm. Režissöör Paul W.S. Andreson, peaosatäitja Milla Jovovich : Ameerika Ühendriigid 2002. Artiklis legendidest ja filmiga seotud probleemidest

  5. Pre-school reading badge called "Iridescent Little Fish" and its impact on reading habits later in life

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    Slavka Kristan

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available The project called Footsteps to the Book is being carried out at the youth department of the Library Miran Jarc in Novo mesto; in it, preschool children from the municipalities Novo mesto, Šentjernej and Škocjan participate. The child wins the reading badge - Iridescent Little Fish with a pin - by telling four stories (or poemsin the library that havebeen told or read to him by his parents. Family appreciation can be won by both parents and children. The project has been started with the intention of lessening the impact of media upon children, and of strengthening the spiritual bondage among parents and children through reading. The purpose of the above mentioned activity is to develop and enrich child's language and thinking and help h im form positive self esteem. Through family reading, we tried to attract to the library not only small children but also their parents and to get them accustomed to the regular use of library materials. The opinions of parents,librarians, teachers and educators are very encouraging and the cooperation of children is better each year.

  6. Each human product underlies to wearing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Regula, E.

    2005-01-01

    In this paper the layoff of the cascade Trencianske Biskupice Water-Gate. Kostolna Hydroelectric Power Plant, Nove Mesto nad Vahom Hydroelectric Power Plant and Horna Streda Hydroelectric Power Plant, connected with their discharging, was planned on the period from August 26, 2005 up to October 2005. Reason and results of cleaning of this cascade are presented

  7. Urban Studies in Chech Scholarly Journals / Lud'a Klusakova

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Klusakova, Lud'a

    2009-01-01

    Rets. ajak.: Slavomira Ferenèuhova. Michaela ₂ulerova, Barbora Vackova (eds.). Mesto [the city]. Socialni studia [Social Studies]. 2006:2. Fakulta Socialnich Studii [Falti of Socail Studies], Masarykova Universita [Masaryk University]. Brno, 2006 ; Urban People -Lidé mesta. Review of Antropology, Ethnology and Ethnology of Communication, 2007 : 1 - 20, Faculty of Humanities, Charles Univerity in Prague. Prague, 2007. Kahe väljaande võrdlus.

  8. Bibliography of Soviet Laser Developments, Number 86, November - December 1986.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1987-12-01

    Rudnitskaya, A.A.; Librovich, N.B.; Fialkov , Yu.Ya. (IKhF). Ion-molecular interactions in H(sub2)SO(sub4) - diethyl ether and H(sub2)SO(sub4... FIALKOV YU YA 94 GIPPIUS N A 104 DOLGOV-SAVEL’YEV G G 24 FILIMONOV D A 100 GIRDAUSKAS V V 64 DONRACHEV S 1 50 FILIPPOV 0 K 80 GIRENKO YU N 21

  9. Preparation of Impervious Pyrolytic Carbon Coatings and Application to Dispersed Fuels; Preparation de revetements de carbone pyrolytique etanches - applications aux combustibles disperses; Prigotovlenie nepronitsaemogo uglerodnogo piroliticheskogo pokrytiya dlya dispergirovannogo topliva; Preparacion de revestimientos estancos de carbono piroutico: aplicacion a los combustibles nucleares dispersos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Auriol, A.; David, C. [Battelle Memorial Institute, Geneve (Switzerland); Fillatre, A.; Kurka, G.; Le Boulbin, E.; Rappeneau, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique (France)

    1963-11-15

    osadka. Ehtot sposob pokrytiya byl perenesen na zerna okisi i karbida urana metodom dvizhushchegosya sloya. Posle utochneniya uslovij pokrytiya ehtikh zeren byla issledovana ikh makro- i mikrostruktury, a takte ikh pronitsaemost'. Byli izucheny svojstva ehtikh zeren pri vysokoj temperature na predmet ikh vozmozhnogo primeneniya v reaktore. (author)

  10. KRUH KOT KLJUČNA BESEDA SLOVENSKEGA KULINARIČNEGA TURIZMA

    OpenAIRE

    Kac, Urša

    2016-01-01

    V magistrskem delu Kruh kot ključna beseda slovenskega kulinaričnega turizma z različnimi jezikoslovnimi analizami preučujemo leksem kruh, da bi pokazali, kako pomembno mesto zaseda v slovenskem mentalnem leksikonu. S korpusno analizo v splošnem korpusu Gigafida in turističnem korpusu TURK smo pridobili sopojavnice ter z njimi sestavili seznam najpogostejših prostih in stalnih besednih zvez s sestavinami kruh, krušen in kruhov. Najpogostejše leve sopojavnice leksema kruh so vrstni pridevniki,...

  11. Varstvo narave v Sloveniji in človek v igri dileme zapornikov skozi oči varstvoslovja

    OpenAIRE

    Žižek, Mateja

    2017-01-01

    V opisani problematiki je torej ključno združevanje varstvoslovja z naravovarstvom, ki se v prvi vrsti ukvarja z varovanjem narave same, zaradi česar je predstavljena tudi kratka razvojna pot varstva narave v Sloveniji. Danes je varstvo narave in z njim življenjskega okolja v katerem živimo postalo družbena norma, urejena s pravnimi pravili in državno prisilo, z namenom zagotovitve pravic in dolžnosti, zato svoje mesto v diplomskem delu najdeta tudi zakonodaja in kazenskopravni sistem.

  12. Vstop v podjetništvo s pomočjo nakupa franšize na primeru podjetja Tomas Sport 2, d. o. o..

    OpenAIRE

    Jaušovec, Tamara

    2016-01-01

    Franšizing je skozi leta razvoja postajal ena izmed najbolj priljubljenih oblik poslovanja podjetja, saj mu omogoča hitro rast in pokritje več trgov. Ravno zaradi prodaje že dodelanega poslovnega modela ta posamezniku omogoči lažji in manj tvegan vstop na trg. V diplomskem projektu se osredotočimo na osnovne pojme franšizinga, njegovo zgodovino in možnosti le-tega v Sloveniji. Razčlenimo franšizne sisteme glede na njegovo mesto v proizvodno prodajni verigi in glede na njegovo dejavnost. P...

  13. KAKOVOST OTROŠKIH AVTOSEDEŽEV

    OpenAIRE

    Pavlin, Valentina

    2011-01-01

    Namen diplomskega dela je podati predloge za izboljšanje nivoja poznavanja kakovosti v povezavi z uporabnostjo otroških avtosedežev. S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika smo pridobili pomembna mnenja uporabnikov o otroških avtosedežih. Raziskava je vključevala 50 anketirancev, ki so bili naključno izbrani v eni izmed otroških trgovin. Rezultati ankete so pokazali, da uporabniki osnovno znanje o kakovosti otroških avtosedežev imajo. Na prvo mesto uvrščajo kakovost in varnost, najmanj pa se...

  14. PREPREČEVANJE PRANJA DENARJA IN FINANCIRANJATERORIZMA V IGRALNIŠTVU

    OpenAIRE

    Dolenc, Petra

    2013-01-01

    Pranje denarja in financiranje terorizma sta problema mednarodnih razsežnosti. Načinov pranja denarja je toliko, da je vse nemogoče zaznati, vsi načini pa imajo določene skupne značilnosti in praktično predstavljajo le neskončno število variacij na isto temo. Narko kralji v Južni Ameriki ali organizirane kriminalne združbe v Evropi, ki nezakonito trgujejo z orožjem, imajo skupno eno stvar: morajo se distancirati od svojih zločinov in najti varno mesto za svoje dobičke, kjer jih lahko prika...

  15. Knjiga in njen pomen v nemško govorečem pregnanstvu 1933–1945

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johann Georg Lughofer

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Članek skuša s pomočjo različnih literarnih odlomkov pokazati na pomembno mesto, ki ga je imela knjiga – kot objekt in subjekt – v literarni produkciji nemško govorečih pregnancev. Kot razloge za to obravnava funkcije literature kot so antifašistični boj, izobraževanje, dokumentiranje, terapija in samoterapija. Osredotoči se na sežiganja knjig v Nemčiji leta 1933 in pokaže, kako so ti zgodovinski dogodki iz knjige naredili simbol antifašističnega pregnanstva.

  16. MOBING - POJAV, KI ŠKODUJE DELODAJALCU IN DELAVCU

    OpenAIRE

    Bogataj, Alenka

    2012-01-01

    Živimo v času, ko so pri nas delo, zaposlitev, poklic, kariera in delovni uspeh uvrščeni visoko na lestvici družbenih vrednot. Posledično postaja vse pomembnejše tudi dostojanstvo na delovnem mestu. Dostojanstvo na delovnem mestu pa je ključna sestavina obče človeške potrebe in pravice do dostojanstvenega življenja, je temeljna civilizacijska norma in nesporno dejstvo. Delovno mesto je kraj, ki nam omogoča dostojno preživetje. Je tudi kraj, kjer preživimo vsaj osem ur dnevno in kamor naj ...

  17. The Use Of {sup 15}N in the Study of Nitrogen Uptake and Metabolism in Plants; Primenenie azota-15 pri izuchenii vzaimodejstviya azotnykh udobrenij s pochvoj i usvoeniya ikh rasteniyami

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gyrbuchev, I.; Dinchev, D. [Institut Pochvovedenija Im.N. Pushkarova, Sofija (Bulgaria)

    1968-07-01

    study of the quality of wheat grains, it has been shown that the highest amounts of nitrogen were found in the glutenins, followed by the fractions of residual nitrogen, prolamins and the water-soluble nitrogen compounds. The least amounts were found in the albumins and globulins. (author) [Russian] 40 let nazad Mattson pytalsja predstavit' pochvennye rastvory kak ionnye sostojanija. Pozdnee on razvil svoju teoriju, osnovyvajas' na poslednih dostizhenijah v oblasti fizicheskoj himii. V 1955 godu Shhoffild primenil himicheskuju termodinamiku dlja togo, chtoby eshhe bol'she utochnit' vzaimootnoshenija mezhdu tverdymi i zhidkimi fazami pochvy. Azot zanimaet osoboe mesto sredi pitatel'nyh veshhestv rastenij. Odnako naibol'shij uspeh v issledovanijah azotistogo pogloshhenija i metabolizma byl dostignut lish' nedavno posle razrabotki izotopnyh metodov. Issledovanie azotistogo metabolizma s pomoshh'ju izotopnyh metodov provodilos' v techenie neskol'kih let v Institute pochvovedenija im. N.Pushkarova s ispol'zovaniem opticheskih metodov obnaruzhenija izotopov. Nekotorye iz poluchennyh nedavno rezul'tatov ukazyvajut na ogromnye vozmozhnosti, kotorye otkryvajutsja v rezul'tate ispol'zovanija opticheskogo metoda. Jeksperimenty v teplichnyh i polevyh uslovijah provodilis' na pshenice, ovse i ljucerne. V kachestve istochnikov azota ispol'zovalis' sul'fat ammonija s 11,50 i mochevina s 5,55 atomnyh procentov {sup 15}N. V zavisimosti ot uslovij azot, vvodimyj s udobrenijami, ispol'zovalsja rastenijami v kolichestve ot 47 do 56% v teplicah i ot 38 do 45% - v polevyh uslovijah. Ustanovleno, chto pochva javljalas' istochnikom pochti poloviny azota v rastenijah. Udobrennye rastenija pogloshhali bol'she pochvennogo azota, chem neudobrennye. Azot, vvedennyj v pochvu, byl obnaruzhen vo vseh frakcijah rastenij spustja 24 chasa i soderzhalsja v nebelkovom organicheskom azote, konstitutivnyh belkah, hlorofille i rezervnyh belkah rastenij. Naibol'shee kolichestvo 15N bylo obnaruzheno v

  18. THE COMPLEX OF ASSUMPTION CATHEDRAL OF THE ASTRAKHAN KREMLIN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Savenkova Aleksandra Igorevna

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available This article is devoted to an architectural and historical analysis of the constructions forming a complex of Assumption Cathedral of the Astrakhan Kremlin, which earlier hasn’t been considered as a subject of special research. Basing on the archival sources, photographic materials, publications and on-site investigations of monuments, the creation history of the complete architectural complex sustained in one style of the Muscovite baroque, unique in its composite construction, is considered. Its interpretation in the all-Russian architectural context is offered. Typological features of single constructions come to light. The typology of the Prechistinsky bell tower has an untypical architectural solution - “hexagonal structure on octagonal and quadrangular structures”. The way of connecting the building of the Cathedral and the chambers by the passage was characteristic of monastic constructions and was exclusively seldom in kremlins, farmsteads and ensembles of city cathedrals. The composite scheme of the Assumption Cathedral includes the Lobnoye Mesto (“the Place of Execution” located on an axis from the West, it is connected with the main building by a quarter-turn with landing. The only prototype of the structure is a Lobnoye Mesto on the Red Square in Moscow. In the article the version about the emergence of the Place of Execution on the basis of earlier existing construction - a tower “the Peal” which is repeatedly mentioned in written sources in connection with S. Razin’s revolt is considered. The metropolitan Sampson, trying to keep the value of the Astrakhan metropolitanate, builds the Assumption Cathedral and the Place of Execution directly appealing to a capital prototype to emphasize the continuity and close connection with Moscow.

  19. OBDAVČITEV ŠTUDENTSKEGA DELA IN NJEGOVA PRAVNA UREDITEV

    OpenAIRE

    Grobelnik, Andreja

    2011-01-01

    V diplomskem delu smo obravnavali pravno ureditev in obdavčitev študentskega dela v Sloveniji ter v Nemčiji. Proučili smo glavne razlike in podobnosti pri nas in v Nemčiji. Glavna razlika je ta, da so nemški študentje izenačeni z ostalimi državljani ter da jim teče delovna doba za opravljeno delo. Naravnani so k študiju, pri nas pa postavljajo na prvo mesto delo in delovne izkušnje. Razlika je tudi v tem, da si morajo študenti v Nemčiji sami plačevati posamezne prispevke in zavarovanja te...

  20. Osobennosti khronicheskikh ran u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom i puti ikh korrektsii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A Yu Tokmakova

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Хронические раневые дефекты (трофические язвы стоп часто встречающееся и специфичное для диабета поражение. Их определяют как эрозию кожи, распространяющуюся не только на эпидермис и дерму, но и проникающую в более глубоко расположенные ткани и характеризующуюся замедленной эпителизацией [13]. Распространенность хронических раневых дефектов нижних конечностей у пациентов с сахарным диабетом, по мнению различных авторов, составляет от 4 до 15% [16]. Локализация поражений на стопе зависит в основном от этиологических факторов. По данным эпидемиологических исследований у больных сахарным диабетом наиболее часто диагностируются раневые дефекты тыльной и подошвенной поверхностей пальцев, подошвенной поверхности в зоне проекции плюснефаланговых суставов и костей предплюсны. Последние характеризуются наиболее тяжелым течением и худшим клиническим прогнозом [14]. Большинство исследователей считает нейропатию, связанные с ней изменения периферической чувствительности и специфические изменения костных структур стопы наиболее значимым фактором в развитии хронических раневых дефектов мягких тканей нижних конечностей. Для того чтобы правильно выбрать тактику лечения хронических раневых дефектов у больных сахарным диабетом, необходимо учитывать особенности течения раневого процесса у данной категории пациентов.

  1. Investigation and mapping of the requirements for lifting devices in a nuclear facility; Utredning och kartlaeggning av krav foer lyftanordningar inom kaernteknisk anlaeggning

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Andersson, Kjell (Inspecta Sweden AB, Vaexjoe (Sweden))

    2010-03-15

    This technical report covers the investigation and identification of requirements for lifting devices in nuclear facilities. The report is divided into the following Section: 1. A mapping of the regulatory framework for nuclear hoists in Finland, Germany and USA. 2. A description of how the international legal framework is applied in for replacement or modernization of lifts in the Swedish nuclear power plants. 3. In Europe, the new harmonized standard has been developed for conventional hoists. The rules appear in the 'EN-13 001'. The study will illustrate these rules, and how they currently apply in the nuclear industry in Sweden. 4. A comparison between the IKH's lifting standards and EN13001 which differences are highlighted and explained

  2. Muzeum módy - Tokyo 2010

    OpenAIRE

    Kráľová, Zuzana

    2010-01-01

    navrhovaný objekt je múzeum módy pre mesto Tokio. Múzeum sa bude nachádzať na pulzujúcej tepne tokijského módneho diania. Navrhovaná budova presahuje 100m výšky a jej zbierky mapujú vývoj svetovej módy 20.storčia. Taktiež je dejiskom konania živých módnych show a priestorom pre prezentáciu tvorby mladých módnych tvorcov. Samotné artefakty zbierky sú vystavované jednotným systémom - zavesením. visiace figuríny prechádzajú kontinuálne celým výstavným priestorom, návštevníkovi je umožnený pohyb ...

  3. Carbon humic acids and their use. Ugleguminovyye kisloty i ikh ispol'zovaniye

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zabramnyy, D.T.; Pobedonosteva, O.I.; Pobedonostseva, N.I.; Umarov, T.Z.

    1980-01-01

    This monograph gives the results of research into the molecular structure of humic acids; certain issues are examined of an applied nature; the data from experimental industrial tests are generalized. Data are generalized which involve questions of the use of humic acids in the form of multiple-ton product. In agriculture, they are used for producing final complex fertilizers and plant growth stimulators; in drilling technology, for improving drilling muds; in the cement industry, for lowering the moisture content of cement raw material sludges. Methods of modifying humates by sulfomethylation are described, and a method for producing coal-alkali reagents directly at drilling and cement firms, based on intensifying the process of interaction of coals with alkali solutions.

  4. Protection of groundwater resources quality and quantity in mining areas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grmela, A.

    1997-01-01

    This contribution is devoted to the problems of the impact of land subsidence from coal and other mining systems on underground and surface waters, particularly in relation to the possible influence on quality and quantity of pumped waters for public or individual supply. It determines features of permanent and time-limited changes of hydrogeological structure and effectiveness of measures for their minimization (classification of sources from the point of view of protection, delineation of protection zones for water resources, monitoring of effectiveness of measures). Case studies are presented for examples from the Czech part of Upper Silesian Basin - catchment area Doubrava-Spluchov, Karvina-Stare Mesto, Ostrava-Nove Ves, and Dubi, Darkov Spa. Attention is focused on problems of delimitation of protection zones in undermined areas in respect to the new proposal of the Appendix to Water Law. 8 refs., 2 figs

  5. Lymphoid Precursor Cells and their Differentiation; Kletki-predshestvenniki v limfoidnoj tkani i ikh differentsirovka

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chertkov, I. L. [Central' Nyj Institut Gematologii I Perelivanija Krovi, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation); Fridenshtejn, A. Ja. [Institut Epidemiologii, Mikrobiologii i Immunologii Im. N.F.Gamaleja, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1968-08-15

    The authors discuss present-day ideas concerning precursor cells in lymphoid tissues and suggest that the stem cells' decision in regard to proliferation and the path of further differentiation may be a multi-stage process, occurring at various successive phases in the histogenesis of lymphoid cells. They propose that only those elements which are capable of actively deciding (under the influence of suitable stimuli or factors inherent in the cell) in which direction the successor cells are to differentiate should be regarded as precursor cells. It is shown that there are in lymphoid tissue at least three stages with the properties of precursor cells: the stem haemopoietic cell, the antigen-sensitive cell and the immunological memory cell. The authors suggest that the working cells of immune response are transformed into immunological memory cells, and discuss the morphological characteristics of the precursor cells. (author) [Russian] V doklade rassmatrivajutsja sovremennye predstavlenija o kletkah-pred- shestvennjakah v limfoidnoj tkani. Predpolagaetsja, chto prinjatie stvolovymi kletkami reshenija o proliferacii i napravlenii dal'nejshej differencirovki mozhet predstavljat' soboj mnogostadijnyj process, proishodjashhij posledovatel'no na raznyh jetapah gistogenez a limfoidnyh kletok. Predlagaetsja rassmatrivat' v kach estv e kletok-predshestvennikov tol'ko te jelementy, kotorye sposobny aktivno (pod vlijaniem sootvetstvujushhih induktorov ili vnutrennih dlja kletki faktorov) prinimat' reshenie o napravlenii differencirovki kletok-potomkov. Dok azyvaet sja nalichie v limfoidnoj tkani, po men'shej mere, treh stadij so svojstvami kletok-predshestvennikov: stvolovaja krovetvornaja kletka, antigen-chuvstvitel'naja kletka i kletka immunologicheskoj pamjati. Vyskazyvaet sja gi poteza o transformacii rabochih kletok immunnogo otvet a v kletki immunologicheskoj pamjati. Obsuzhdaetsja morfologicheskaja harakteristika kletok-predshestvennikov. (author)

  6. Seminar on waste treatment and disposal; Seminar po obrashcheniyu s otkhodami i ikh utilizatsii

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sneve, Malgorzata Karpow; Snihs, Jan Olof

    1999-07-01

    A seminar on radioactive waste treatment and disposal was held 9 - 14 November 1998 in Oskarshamn, Sweden. The objective of the seminar was to exchange information on national and international procedures, practices and requirements for waste management. This information exchange was intended to promote the development of a suitable strategy for management of radioactive waste in Northwest Russia to be used as background for future co-operation in the region. The seminar focused on (1) overviews of international co-operation in the waste management field and national systems for waste management, (2) experiences from treatment of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste, (3) the process of determining the options for final disposal of radioactive waste, (4) experiences from performance assessments and safety analysis for repositories intended for low- and intermediate level radioactive waste, (5) safety of storage and disposal of high-level waste. The seminar was jointly organised and sponsored by the Swedish Radiation Protection Institute (SSI), the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), the Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) and the European Commission. In brief, the main conclusions are: (1) It is the prerogative of the Russian federal Government to devise and implement a waste management strategy without having to pay attention to the recommendations of the meeting, (2) Some participants consider that many points have already been covered in existing governmental documents, (3) Norway and Sweden would like to see a strategic plan in order to identify how and where to co-operate best, (4) There is a rigorous structure of laws in place, based on over-arching environmental laws, (5) Decommissioning of submarines is a long and complicated task, (6) There are funds and a desire for continued Norway/Sweden/Russia co-operation, (7) Good co-operation is already taking place.

  7. Theory of isotope scanning; Theorie de l'Exploration par les Radioisotopes; Teoriya meditsinskikh issledovanij s primeneniem izotopov; Teoria de la exploracion mediante radioisotopos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brownell, G L [Physics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

    1959-07-01

    aspecto del empleo de los radioisotopos en la medicina. El autor compara los esquemas de sensibilidad de diversos sistemas de colimacion y calcula su eficacia y su poder de resolucion. Los sistemas de coliminacion de que se trata se componen de orificios cilindricos y cenicos, de colimadores de enfoque y de dispositivos que permitan detectar por coincidencia las radiaciones de aniquilacion. Formula una teoria general con miras a establecer la concentracion optima de isotopos para cada uno de los sistemas. El autor enuncia una teoria analoga con respecto a la camara de centelleo, y compara la concentracion optima de isotopos para este dispositivo en relacion con los resultados logrados con ayuda de los distintos metodos de exploracion. Estudia tambien la posibilidad de modificar el principio de la camara a fin de utilizarla en la deteccion de las radiaciones de aniquilacion. Para terminar, compara diversos sistemas de registre desde el punto de vista de su eficacia y de la presentacion de los datos. (author) [Russian] Vozmozhnost' tochno ustanovit' raspredelenie izotopov yavlyaetsya vazhnym aspektom ispol'zovaniya ikh v meditsine. Sravnivaetsya stepen' chuvstvitel'nosti razlichnykh sistem kollimirovaniya, ustanavlivaetsya ikh ehffektivnost' i razreshayushchaya sposobnost'. Rassmatrivaemye kollimiruyushchie sistemy sostoyat iz tsilindricheskikh i konusnykh otverstij, fokusiruyushchikh kollimatorov i prispo-soblenij dlya obnaruzheniya annigilyatsionnogo izlucheniya metodom sovpadenij. Vyrabatyvaetsya obshchaya teoriya s tsel'yu ustanovit' optimal'nuyu kontsentratsiyu izotopov dlya kazhdoj iz ehtikh sistem. Podobnaya zhe teoriya razrabatyvaetsya i dlya stsintillyatsionnoj kamery; pro voditsya sravnenie optimal'noj kontsentratsii izotopov ehtogo pribora v svyazi s primenyaemymi metodami issledovaniya. Obsuzhdaetsya vopros ob izmenenii printsipa dejstviya kamery v tselyakh ispol'zovaniya ee pri nalichii annigilya-tsionnogo izlucheniya. Sravnivayutsya razlichnye sistemy

  8. Disinfestation of Dried Figs by Gamma Radiation; Desinsectation des figues seches par les rayons gamma; Dezinfestatsiya sushenogo inzhira s pomoshch'yu gamma-izlucheniya'; Desinfestacion de higos secos mediante rayos gamma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Papadopoulou, C. P. [Department of Biology, Democritus Nuclear Research Centre, Aghia Paraskevi, Attica (Greece)

    1963-09-15

    efectuando investigaciones sobre la desinfestacion de los productos agricolas almacenados. En esas investigaciones se han utilizado recientemente con exito los rayos gamma. Los higos secos constituyen uno de los principales productos de exportacion de Grecia y los insectos ocasionan perdidas importantes. Las investigaciones tenian las siguientes finalidades: a) determinar las dosis de radiacion necesarias para destruir ciertas especies de insectos que atacan los higos en diversas fases de su desarrollo, o destruir sus huevos impidiendo asi que se reproduzcan; b) determinar las modificaciones fisicas y quimicas que las radiaciones producen en la contextura de los higos secos. Se han estudiado las especies siguientes: Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia cautella, Carpophilushemipterous, Oryzaephilus surinamensis y Lasioderma serricorne. En la memoria se estudian las dosis optimas de radiacion que no producen dafios aparentes en la contextura de los higos. (author) [Russian] V techenie mnogikh let provodyatsya issledovaniya to voprosam dezinfestatsii sel'skokhozyajstvennykh produktov v khranilishchakh. Nedavno gamma-izluchechie bylo uspeshno primeneno pri provedenii takikh issledovanij. Sushenyj inzhir sostavlyaet odin iz osnovnykh produktov ehksporta Gretsii. Ezhegodno nasekomye nanosyat ser'eznyj ushcherb ehtomu produktu. Tsel' issledovaniya: 1) opredelenie doz izlucheniya, neobkhodimykh dlya unichtozheniya nekotorykh vidov nasekomykh, porazhayushchikh sushenyj inzhir, na razlichnykh stadiyakh ikh razvitiya, i dlya unichtozheniya ikh yaits i predotvrashcheniya takim obrazom ikh razmnozheniya; i 2) opredelenie fiziko-khimicheskikh izmenenij tekstury sushenogo inzhira pod dejstviem izlucheniya. Issledovaniya provodilis' so sleduyushchimi vidami: Plodia Interpunctella, Ephestia coutella, Carpophilus hemipterous, Gryzaephllus surinamensis i Lasioderma serricorne. Obsuzhdayutsya neobkhodimye optimal'nye dozy. Pri ehtikh dozakh ne nablyudaetsya vidimogo narusheniya tekstury inzhira pod

  9. The Golden Horde and Rus’: A Turkish View. Review of the Book: Kamalov I.H. The Golden Horde and the Russian Ulus (the Tatar Influence on Russia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.Yu. Pochekaev

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available This review contains an assessment of Ilyas Kh. Kamalov’s book on the relationship between the Jochid ulus and Russian principalities, as well as the subsequent influence of the Golden Horde’s civilization on the development of the Russian state. The book is analyzed within the context of the present state of research on the Golden Horde and its relations with Rus’. This inevitably leads to a comparison of the level of scientific value of the reviewed book with other contemporary publications on the history of the Jochid ulus. The review evaluates the structure of the book, the thoroughness of the analysis, highlights its strengths and weaknesses, and draws attention to a number of controversial elements. The author of review finds that the book of I.Kh. Kamalov, despite several drawbacks, could likely attract the interest of various reading audiences and stimulate further research and discussions on the history of the Golden Horde and its relations with the Russian principalities.

  10. Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Values for Plants and Mammals in a Semi-Desert Region of Mongolia

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    Hannah Davie

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Little information exists on the isotopic signatures of plants and animals in Mongolia, limiting the application of stable isotope analysis to wildlife biology studies. Here we present plant and mammal carbon (δ 13 C and nitrogen (δ 15 N isotope values from a desert-steppe region of southeastern Mongolia. We analyzed 11 samples from 11 plant species and 93 samples from 24 mammal species across Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, and compared these numbers to isotope values reported from other areas of Mongolia. Our plant and mammal 13 C and 15 N values were similar to those from a similar arid steppe region and more enriched than those from less arid habitats. Habitat variation within and between study sites has an important infl uence on δ 13 C and δ 15 N variation. Our results supplement current knowledge of isotopic variation in Mongolia and provide a reference for future stable isotope research in Mongolia and similar Asian steppe ecosystems.

  11. Use of radioisotopes in the systematic analysis of impurities in metals of very high purity; Application des radioisotopes a l'analyse systematique des impuretes dans les metaux de tres haute purete; Primenenie radioizotopov v sistematicheskom analize primesej v vysokochistykh metallakh; Aplicacion de los radioelementos al analisis sistematico de las impurezas en los metales muy puros

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Albert, Philippe; Gaittet, Jean [Centre d' Etudes de Chimie Metallurgique (C.N.R.S.), Vitry (France)

    1962-01-15

    insistiran especialmente en los resultados y en las consecuencias de los analisis por ellos realizados. (author) [Russian] tsentratsiya primesej dostigaet poryadka 10{sup -6} - 10{sup -8}. EHti metally izgotovlyayutsya v nebol'shikh kolichestvakh, i ochen' vazhno umet' tochno opredelyat' kolichestvennym analizom ochen' bol'shoe chislo ehlementov v odnoj probe. Sistematicheskij analiz alyuminiya i zheleza pri pomoshchi nejtronnogo oblucheniya pozvolil nam proizvesti kolichestvennyj analiz 45 ehlementov v odnoj probe poryadka odnogo gramma. EHtot analiz bol'shogo chisla primesej stal vozmozhnym lish' blagodarya kaskadnomu razdeleniyu poluchivshikhsya vo vremya oblucheniya radioizotopov na bolee chem 40 analiticheskikh fraktsij. Zatem bol'shinstvo radioizotopov izoliruetsya v chistom vide radiokhimicheskim putem, a ikh identifikatsiya dostigaetsya putem odnovremennogo izucheniya perioda ikh radioaktivnogo raspada i spektra ikh gamma-izlucheniya. Odnako, dopolnyaya ehtot sistematicheskij analiz k olichestvennym analizom nekotorykh ehlementov v otdel'noj probe, mozhno opredelyat' a Ktivatsionnym metodom okolo 60 ehlementov, libo obluchaya ikh nejtronami (sera, fosfor, khlor, barij...), libo pri pomoshchi reaktsij, vyzvannykh nejtronami (uglerod i bor). V nashem doklade my namereny osobo ostanovit'sya na rezul'tatakh i posledstviyakh nashikh analizov. (author)

  12. ChASTOTA PERELOMOV BEDRA I PREDPLECh'Ya I ZATRATY NA IKh LEChENIE V MOSKOVSKOY OBLASTI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A V DREVAL'

    2005-08-01

    Conclusions: Retrospective study among Moscow Region population aged 50 years revealed high incidence of hip and distal forearm fractures both in males and females in the period of 1998-2002. The investigation revealed that patients with hip fractures did not receive an adequate qualified medical aid and very high financial assets were spent for early medical care to fractures in Moscow Region.

  13. ETHICS AND DEONTOLOGY IN PHARMACY

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    Aleš Krbavčič

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Moral and ethical principles in production and distribution of medicaments in R Slovenia are based on medieval heritage reflected in Dispensatorium Norinbergense by Valerius Cordus (1545 as proven by the solemn pledge given by Joanes Leykauff, apothecary at Novo mesto (1598 and the Apothecaries ordinance for the Duchy of Creina (given in Ljubljana, 1710. The subsequent evolution of pharmacy demonstrates the continuos care for quality production and distribution of medicament according to ethical and deontological normatives of its time.Codex of pharmaceutical ethics of the Slovenian pharmaceutical society (2000, Codex of apothecaries deontology by the Apothecaries chamber of Slovenia (1994, The deontological codex of medicinal biochemists of Slovenia (1992 are three basic documents for pharmacist’s activities in Slovenia. Detailed instructions on production, distribution, prescribing and expediting to patients are given by the Medicinal products act and Medical devices act already harmonized with the European aquis communautaire.Some ethical dilemmas concerning prescription free medicinals and selfmedication in EC and R Slovenia are presented. Insufficient or nonexistent communication between patients, medical doctors and pharmacists lead to noncompliant or risky medicamentation.

  14. Heritage trails through Dolenjska and Bela Krajina in Slovenia: A multi-stakeholder approach to tourism development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Koščak Marko

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available One of the crucial methodologies for growing and developing a level of tourism which is sustainable and enhances the totality of local and regional environments is a multi-stakeholder approach to tourism development. In this paper, we present the case of the 'Heritage trails through Dolenjska and Bela krajina in SE Slovenia' in which sustainable rural development (we take this to include cultural & heritage, vinicultural & gastronomic, as well as ecological tourism is one of the key elements of the integral mix of business economy, viz. development of the region in the SE of Slovenia. The integral approach showed from the very beginning of project activities, within the Novo Mesto chamber of commerce, its long-time implementation until the present, as one of the key products within the tourist destination of Dolenjska, Bela Krajina and Kočevsko-Ribniška. It takes an integrated approach in terms of start-up, implementation and development and is supported by and benefits from the notion of a core of multiple stakeholders.

  15. Prenosna peć za pečenje hleba - u funkciji obezbeđenja ishrane pripadnika vojske Srbije u mirovnim misijama/Movable oven for bread baking intended for food preparation in Serbian army peace corps

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    Branko M. Tešanović

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Peć za pečenje hleba u poljskim uslovima dodeljuje se jedinicama koje su po svom karakteru relativno stacionarne i kojima po veličini ne bi pripadale pokretne peći. Podesna je za pečenje hleba namenjenog jedinicama koje se nalaze u međunarodnim misijama, u uslovima otežanog snabdevanja, jer navike naših vojnika su da konzumiraju hleb, a ne keks. Peć je montažno-demontažnog tipa, prilagođena za korišćenje na svim vrstama terena. Jednostavne je konstrukcije, što omogućava da se demontira i lako prenosi sa mesta na mesto. / An oven for baking bread in field conditions is assigned to units that are by their nature relatively stationary and whose size does not require a movable bakery. It is intended for baking bread in our units located in international missions with supply difficulties, since our units have a habit od consuming bread instead of biscuits. The oven is of a prefabricated type, adapted for use in all types of terrains, simple design which makes it possible to be, dismantled and easily transported.

  16. Pulse-amplitude multipliers using logarithmic amplitude-to-time conversion; Amplificateurs d'impulsions utilisant une conversion logarithmique temps-amplitude; Ob umnozhitelyakh amplitudy impul'sov s ispol'zovaniem logarifmicheskogo preobrazovaniya amplitudy vo vremya; Multiplicadores de amplitud de impulso usando una conversion logaritmica de amplitud en tiempo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Konrad, M [Institut Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

    1962-04-15

    The accuracy and limitations of multipliers based on logarithmic amplitude-to-time conversion using RC pulse stretchers are discussed with respect to their application for determining whether the amplitude product of two coincident pulses has a given value. Some possible circuits are given. (author) [French] L'auteur etudie la precision et les limitations des amplificateurs fondes sur la conversion logarithmique temps-amplitude et utilisant des allongeurs d'impulsions RC, afin d'etablir si ces appareils peuvent servir a determiner la valeur du produit des amplitudes de deux impulsions coincidentes. Il decrit en outre plusieurs circuits possibles. (author) [Spanish] La memoria discute la precision y limitaciones de los multiplicadores basados en la conversion logaritmica de amplitud en tiempo empleando circuitos alargadores de resistencia-capacidad en relacion con su aplicacion para determinar si el producto de las amplitudes de dos impulsos coincidentes tiene un valor determinado. Indica algunos circuitos posibles. (author) [Russian] Obsuzhdayutsya predel pogreshnosti i ogranicheniya umnozhitelej, osnovannykh na logarifmicheskom preobrazovanii amplitudy vo vremya, s ispol'zovaniem rasshiritelej impul'sov RC; ehto delaetsya v svyazi s ikh primeneniem dlya vyyasneniya voprosa o tom, imeet li opredelennuyu velichinu proizvedenie amplitud dvukh sovpadayushchikh impul'sov. Privodyatsya nekotorye vozmozhnye blok-skhemy. (author)

  17. Narusheniya v sisteme gemostaza pri sakharnom diabete i puti ikh korrektsii pri naznachenii kombinirovannoy terapii Diabetonom MV i metforminom

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Sergeevich Ametov

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Для больных сахарным диабетом характерно атеротромботическое состояние, обусловленное множественными нарушениями в системе гемостаза. Гемостатические нарушения у больных сахарным диабетом являются обычно комплексными и включают активацию естественных механизмов системы коагуляции, подавление фибринолитической активности, а также различные нарушения функции тромбоцитов

  18. Chapter 2. The production units

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    In the second chapter of this CD ROM the production units of the Slovak Electric, Plc. (Slovenske elektrarne, a.s.), are presented. It consist of next paragraphs: (1) Nuclear power plants (A-1 Nuclear Power Plant (History, Technological scheme, basic data are presented); V-1, V-2 Bohunice Nuclear Power Plant (History 1972-1985, technological scheme; nuclear safety, radiation protection, heat supply, international co-operation and basic data are presented); Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant (History 1980-1998, technological scheme, construction completion, milestones of commissioning, safety and environmental protection as well as basic data are included). (2) Conventional sources of energy (Vojany fossil power plant (History 1959-1992, Technological units of power plant, Impact of operation on the environment, Plant of Vojany FPP Renewal and Reconstruction, Basic data are listed), Novaky fossil power plant (History 1949-1998, Technological scheme, current investment construction, basic data, Handlova heating plant). Kosice Combined Heat Power Plant (History 1960-1995, technological scheme, State metrology centre, acredited chemical laboratory, basic data). (3) Hydroelectric power plants (Trencin HPPs: Cierny Vah pumped storage HPP, Liptovska Mara HPP, Orava HPP, Sucany HPP, Miksova HPP, Nosice HPP, Velke Kozmalovce HPP, Gabcikovo HPP, Dubnica HPP, Nove Mesto n/V HPP, Madunice HPP, Kralova HPP) and Dobsina HPPs: (Dobsina HPP, Ruzin HPP, Domasa HPP, small HPPs) are presented

  19. Management of recurrent nasal vestibular furunculosis by jalaukāvacaraṇa and palliative treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amol Sudhakar Kadu

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Nasal vestibular furunculosis is a common bacterial skin infection among the general population mostly affecting adults and children.It is characterized by acute localized infection of hair follicle in the skin lining of the nasal vestibule caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Immunodeficiency also plays an important role in recurrent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI including Nasal furunculosis. Though, the lesion is small, it is extremely painful and tender. Treatment is mostly conservative which consists of warm compresses, analgesics to relieve pain, topical and systemic antibiotics directed against staphylococcus. With rapidly increasing resistance to antibacterial agents, management of these bacterial infections is becoming increasingly difficult. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Nāsāruṇaśikhā (Nasal furunculosis. Morphologically, it appears like pīḍikā (Furuncle which is characterized by Rāgayuktaśotha (inflammation with reddening. Jalaukāvacaraṇa (Leech therapy is one of the ancient and important parasurgical procedures described in Ayurveda for treatment of various diseases. In this case, a leech has been applied at the affected area. After leech treatment, throbbing pain was reduced in its intensity followed by gradual reduction in swelling and reddening in two days.This case suggests the utility of leech application in Nasal vestibular furunculosis.

  20. External irradiation of the personnel operating the reactor RA at Vinca in the period 1963-1966; Spoljasnje ozracivanje osoblja koje opsluzuje reaktor RA u Vinci u periodu od 1963. do 1966. godine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ninkovic, M M; Minincic, Z [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

    1968-06-15

    The paper first gives a survey of the characteristic operations performed on the Vinca reactor RA in which most of the personnel become irradiated. Following is a schematic diagram of the irradiations in the period 1963-1966 in which the reactor was in continual operation. The surveys are given for each month and each year separately, while the irradiated personnel are grouped in several characteristic irradiation dose ranges. In this analysis special emphasis is given to a survey of irradiation of the personnel classified according to their profession, i.e. their post. This kind of analysis is indispensable in planning work, proper disposition of the personnel and undertaking special protective measures for reducing the irradiations (author) [Serbo-Croat] U radu je najpre dat pregled mesta na reaktoru RA, sa topografijom zracenja, na kojima radno osoblje pretezno biva ozracivano. Zatim su dati tabelarno i graficki pregledi ozracivanja za protekli period u kome je reaktor neprekidno radio, tj. od 1963. do 1966. god. Pregledi su dati po mesecima za svaku godinu i to tako sto su ozracivana lica razvrstavana u nekoliko karakteristicnih intervala doza ozracivanja. Posebno mesto u ovoj analizi zauzima pregled ozracivanja osoblja razvrstanog po strukama, odnosno radnim mestima. Ovakva analiza je nuzna za planiranje poslova, pravilan raspored radnog osoblja kao i preduzimanje posebnih zastitnih mera u cilju smanjivanja ozracivanja (author)

  1. Mongolian “Neolithic” and Early Bronze Age ground stone tools from the northern edge of the Gobi Desert

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joan S. Schneider

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The transition from the Mongolian Neolithic to the Bronze Age is not well understood. Within Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, over a period of five years, we identified a number of sites with dense surface artefact scatters and features that seem to represent this transition period. Evident in those concentrations are characteristic microblade cores, microblades, “thumbnail" flake scrapers, projectile points, ground stone tools, and stone features of unknown function. Between 2012 and 2014 we collected ground stone artefacts from four sites and sediment samples from three sites. With permission of Mongolian authorities, the artefacts from one site and sediment samples from three sites were sent for botanical analyses to the University of Texas, Austin, Environmental Archaeology Laboratory. Preliminary results indicate that plant remains are present on the ground stone artefacts: dendritic long-cells from a deep pore of one artefact and starch grains from the pores of six of the seven artefacts. These data present the first opportunity to understand what resources “Neolithic” people were processing with ground stone tools in this area and further our opportunity to better understand the little-known “Neolithic”-Early Bronze Age transition period in Central Asia. This paper describes the ground stone artefacts and further explores the results of data retrieved from some of these artefacts.

  2. O mogućnostima naučnog objašnjenja zasnovanog na metodološkom individualizmu u antropologiji

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suzana Ignjatović

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Rad se bavi primenom metodološkog individualizma u antropologiji. U radu se preispituju kritike metodološkog individualizma koje ističu da ovaj pristup nije odgovarajući za antropologiju zbog specifičnosti te discipline. Autori polaze od toga da postoje prednosti ovog epistemološkog okvira za razumevanje fenomena kojima se bavi antropologija. Ispitivanje mogućnosti naučnog objašnjenja u okviru metodološkog individualizma stavlja se u relaciju sa suprotstavljenim epistemološkim okvirom metodološkog holizma. Druga pretpostavka autora je da antropologija nije isključivo holistička nauka, jer istorija antropološke teorije pokazuje da ova nauka ima tradiciju metodološkog individualizma. Rad prikazuje ključna dostignuća antropologa koji su svoje istraživačke i teorijske nalaze definisali primenom metodološkog individualizma. Takođe se ispituju alternativni oblici naučnog objašnjenja koji slede metodološki individualizam, u radovima savremenih antropologa (Holi, Štuhlik, kao i autora iz drugih oblasti koji slede isti metodološki postupak (Budon, a čiji zaključci su relevantni za antropologiju. Zaključak rada je da metodološki individualizam ima značajno mesto u antropologiji i da postoje područja ove discipline koja mogu imati heurističku korist od epistemoloških pristupa koji slede principe metodološkog individualizma.

  3. Raman spectra of terbium trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride and their molten mixtures; Spektry kombinatsionnogo rasseyaniya sveta trikhlorida terbiya, pentakhlorida fosfora i ikh rasplavlennykh smesej

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salyulev, A B; Zakir' yanova, I D [UrO RAN, Inst. Vysokotemperaturnoj Ehlektrokhimii, Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation)

    2008-03-15

    Raman spectroscopy was used to study in situ the behavior of individual terbium trichloride and phosphorus pentachloride in different aggregative states as a function of temperature, and of solutions of PCl{sub 5} vapors in molten TbCl{sub 3}. A conclusion is drawn about their structure and the nature of phase transformations and chemical reactions in wide ranges of temperature and saturated vapor pressures.

  4. Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic Peri-Pacific Accretionary Evolution of the Mongolian Collage System: Insights From Geochemical and U-Pb Zircon Data From the Ordovician Sedimentary Wedge in the Mongolian Altai

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiang, Y. D.; Schulmann, K.; Kröner, A.; Sun, M.; Lexa, O.; Janoušek, V.; Buriánek, D.; Yuan, C.; Hanžl, P.

    2017-11-01

    Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic accretionary processes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt have been evaluated so far mainly using the geology of ophiolites and/or magmatic arcs. Thus, the knowledge of the nature and evolution of associated sedimentary prisms remains fragmentary. We carried out an integrated geological, geochemical, and zircon U-Pb geochronological study on a giant Ordovician metasedimentary succession of the Mongolian Altai Mountains. This succession is characterized by dominant terrigenous components mixed with volcanogenic material. It is chemically immature, compositionally analogous to graywacke, and marked by significant input of felsic to intermediate arc components, pointing to an active continental margin depositional setting. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages suggest a source dominated by products of early Paleozoic magmatism prevailing during the Cambrian-Ordovician and culminating at circa 500 Ma. We propose that the Ordovician succession forms an "Altai sedimentary wedge," the evolution of which can be linked to the geodynamics of the margins of the Mongolian Precambrian Zavhan-Baydrag blocks. This involved subduction reversal from southward subduction of a passive continental margin (Early Cambrian) to the development of the "Ikh-Mongol Magmatic Arc System" and the giant Altai sedimentary wedge above a north dipping subduction zone (Late Cambrian-Ordovician). Such a dynamic process resembles the tectonic evolution of the peri-Pacific accretionary Terra Australis Orogen. A new model reconciling the Baikalian metamorphic belt along the southern Siberian Craton with peri-Pacific Altai accretionary systems fringing the Mongolian microcontinents is proposed to explain the Cambro-Ordovician geodynamic evolution of the Mongolian collage system.

  5. Sravnenie gemodinamicheskikh i biokhimicheskikh effektov karvedilola i atenolola i ikh vliyanie na prognoz u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa, perenesshikh epizod nestabil'noy stenokardii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L A Ivanova

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Цель. Сопоставить гемодинамические, биохими- ческие и прогностические эффекты карведилола и атенолола у больных СД 2, перенесших эпизод НС. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 70 больных СД 2, осложнившимся НС. Во всех случаях диагностировались прогрессирующая стенокардия напряжения или впервые возникшая тяжелая стенокардия III?IV функциональных классов, по явившаяся в предшествующий месяц. Кроме общепринятой терапии НС, пациентам случайным образом выбирали для лечения ?-адреноблокатор карведилол ? до 25?50 мг/сут (1-я группа, n=35 или атенолол ? до 50?100 мг/сут (2-я группа, n=35. Выолнялись общеклинический анализ крови, биохимическое исследование крови, запись стандратной ЭКГ в 12 отведениях, эхокардиографическое исследование, тест с 6-минутной ходьбой. Результаты. Через полгода лечения карведилолом отмечалось значительное увеличение средней величины фракции выброса ЛЖ на 16,3%. Уменьшение выраженности дилатации полости ЛЖ приводило к увеличению относительной толщины его стенки (на 3,5% и снижению индекса сферичности (на 5,9%. Максимальная скорость раннего наполнения ЛЖ снижалась на 8,4%. Заключение. Карведилол обеспечивал тенденцию к снижению частоты повторных госпитализаций по поводу НС, случаев развития ИМ и наступления смерти по сравнению с атенололом. Однако главным образом из-за в целом небольшого количества наступавших осложнений эти различия не достигали уровня статистической значимости.

  6. Producing the radioelectric effect in solid dielectrics by bombardment with accelerated electrons. Obrazovaniye radioelektretnogo effekta v tverdykh dielektrikakh v rezul'tate oblucheniya ikh uskorennymi elektronami

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zavadovskaya, E K; Annenkov, Yu M; Boev, S G; Sigaev, G I

    1976-01-01

    A theoretical and experimental study was made concerning the kinetics of formation of electric moments in solid dielectrics bombarded with fast electrons in the atmosphere. The energy of bombarding electrons in the experiment ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 MeV, at an incident flux density ranging 1.10/sup -9/ to 5.10/sup -7/ A/cm/sup 2/. The specimens were actually grounded during bonbardment, owing to the high electrical conductivity of the ionized ambient gas, and the electric moments were equal to zero. The formation of electric moments occurred after cessation of the bombardment, because the density of the accumulated space charge had become redistributed. An examination was made of the redistribution of space-charge density due to the electrical conductivity of the dielectric, due to intrinsic charge carriers, and due to the release of charges stored in traps. Analytical relations derived for the kinetics of the electric moments give a qualitative description of the experimental results. 5 references.

  7. New counting circuits with E1T tubes; Nouveaux circuits de comptage a tubes E1T; Novye schetnye kontury s lampami E1T; Nuevos circuitos de contaje con valvulas E1T

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Radeka, V [Institut Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

    1962-04-15

    continu non stabilise. (author) [Spanish] Se dan soluciones nuevas para circuitos deflectores de haz que permiten montar circuitos contadores sencillos y seguros. La precision con que tiene que ser desviado el haz es deducida por el autor partiendo de investigaciones teoricas del proceso de contaje publicadas anteriormente. Calcula la disminucion de los limites de error en la deflexion que resulta de la diferencia entre las caracteristicas real e ideal de la valvula. Se demuestra que el limite de error en la deflexion es maximo hasta unos 3x10{sup 5} impulsos por segundo, e independiente de la velocidad de contaje, por lo que es posible disenar circuitos mas simples. Para contar hasta 10{sup 6} impulsos por segundo, se requieren circuitos deflectores de mayor precision. La memoria describe dos circuitos que se pueden emplear hasta estos limites de velocidad de recuento. No es necesario que los componentes del circuito sean muy estables o muy exactos. Solamente se precisa una tension continua de alimentacion no estabilizada. (author) [Russian] Dayutsya novye resheniya dlya polucheniya otklonyayushchikh puchek luchej konturov, chto pozvolyaet osushchestvlyat' prostye i nadezhnye schetnye kontury. Trebovaniya tochnosti otkloneniya puchka luchej vyvedeny iz teoreticheskikh izyskanij schetnykh protsessov, opublikovannykh avtorom ranee. Podschityvaetsya umen'shenie predela pogreshnosti otkloneniya, vytekayushchej iz raznitsy mezhdu dejstvitel'noj i teoreticheskoj kharakteristikami ehlektronnoj lampy. Dokazyvaetsya, chto priblizitel'no okolo 3 x 10{sup 5} impul'sov v sekundu predel pogreshnosti otkloneniya dostigaet svoego maksimal'nogo znacheniya; on ne zavisit ot skorosti scheta, chto daet vozmozhnost' uprostit' konstruktsiyu konturov. Dlya otscheta do 10{sup 6} impul'sov v sekundu trebuyutsya bolee tochnye kontury otkloneniya. Opisyvayutsya dva kontura dlya ispol'zovaniya ikh do ehtikh predelov skorosti scheta. Trebovaniya, pred{sup y}avlyaemye k sostavnym chastyam kontura v

  8. Cobalt-60 and Caesium-137 Gamma Sources; Sources de rayonnement gamma au cobalt-60 et au cesium-137; Gamma-istochniki iz kobal'ta-605 i tseziya-137; Fuentes gamma de cobalto-60 y de cesio-137

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kulish, E E; Fradkin, G M [Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialits Republics (Russian Federation)

    1960-07-15

    cobalto-60 y cesio-137 producidas en la Union Sovietica y se examinan algunos problemas de orden tecnologico planteados por su fabricacion. En el informe figuran una serie de datos sobre las propiedades de las radiaciones emitidas por las fuentes de {sup 60}Co y {sup 137}Cs y del material con que estas se fabrican. Se facilitan informaciones sobre la influencia que la magnitud del flujo neutronico y las caracteristicas geometricas de la muestra ejercen sobre la actividad de la fuente; el informe tambien contiene datos sobre el rendimiento de los distintos isotopos de cesio obtenidos por fision de los nucleos de uranio. Se examinan los procedimientos para encerrar hermeticament e las fuentes y se facilita una lista completa de las fuentes utilizadas en la Union Sovietica, con indicacion de sus caracteristicas geometricas y de su actividad. Por ultimo, se hace un estudio comparativo de las fuentes de {sup 60}Co y {sup 137}Cs. (author) [Russian] V doklade privodyatsya osnovnye tekhnicheskie kharakteristiki vypuska- emykh v SSSR gamma-istochnikov na osnove kobal'ta-60 i tseziya-137, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya nekotorye voprosy tekhnologii ikh proizvodstva. Doklad soderzhit svedeniya o sostave izlucheniya izotopov Co{sup 60} i Cs{sup 137} i syr'ya, iz kotorogo oni izgotavlivayutsya . Privodyatsya dannye o zavisimosti aktivnosti kobal'tovykh istochnikov ot velichiny potoka nejtronov i geometricheskikh razmerov obraztsa, a takzhe dannye o velichine vykhoda izotopov tseziya pri delenii yader urana. Dalee rassmatrivaetsya vopros o germetizatsii istochnikov i privoditsya polnaya nomenklatura vypuskaemykh v SSSR istochnikov s ukazaniem ikh geometricheskikh razmerov i velichiny aktivnosti. V kontse provoditsya nekotoroe sravnenie istochnikov Co{sup 60} i Cs{sup 137}. (author)

  9. Los inmigrados

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    Lojze Kovačič

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Lojze Kovačič nació el 9 de noviembre de 1928 en Basilea, Suiza, en una familia de emigrantes, de madre alemana y padre esloveno. En 1938, cuando las autoridades suizas expulsaron del país a todos los emigrantes que no tenían ciudadanía suiza, se fue a vivir con su familia a Eslovenia, primero a Novo mesto, luego a Ljubljana donde frecuentó la escuela primaria, secundaria y la academia de pedagogía. Vivió en Ljubljana donde trabajó primero como periodista y luego como pedagogo. Murió el 1 de mayo de 2004 en la capital eslovena. Escribió obras autobiográficas y de ficción: Ljubljanske razglednice / Postales de Ljubljana (1956, Ključi mesta / Las llaves de la ciudad (1967, Deček in smrt / El niño y la muerte (1968, Sporočila v spanju – Resničnost / Mensajes en el sueño – Realidad (1972, Pet fragmentov / Cinco fragmentos (1981, Pri{leki / Los inmigrados (trilogía 1983–85, Basel / Basilea (1986, Prah / Polvo (1988, Kristalni čas / Tiempo de cristal (1990, Zgodbe s panjskih končnic / Relatos de las tablas de la colmena (1992, Knji`evna delavnica – {ola pisanja / Taller de literatura – escuela de la escritura (1997. A continuación se presentan dos fragmentos de la primera parte de la trilogía Pri{leki / Los inmigrados, una historia marcadamente autobiográfica del retorno a Eslovenia de una familia desalojada de Basilea, narrada a través de la voz de un niño de diez años, traducida al castellano por Xavier Farré y publicada por la editorial Siruela de Madrid en 2007.

  10. Muzikologija – zapoznela znanstvena disciplina?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katarina Bedina

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Prispevek obravnava mesto muzikologije in njeno družbeno vlogo na pragu združene Evrope ob velikih političnih spremembah, ki se zrcalijo v vseh humanističnih znanostih in vnašajo precej negotovosti, za katere nihče ne vé, kako bodo učinkovale na stroko (posebno pri narodih s komaj rojeno državno suverenostjo, zato sodijo na konico širšega zanimanja. Prispevek navezuje na znano nemško polemiko (Musik-wissenschaft – quo vadis?, ki jo je sprožilo ob koncu osemdesetih let splošno nezadovoljstvo nad premalo učinkovitim vplivom muzikologije na javno življenje in (spodletele poskuse za obnovo humanističnih načel. Pod drobnogled so postavili tedanje muzikološke stolice na univerzah z očitki o vsebinsko in idejno zgrešenem izobraževanju muzikologov. Aktualnost tega vprašanja je vsesplošna, ker je muzikologija povsod nacionalna veda in nanjo pade pretežni del odgovornosti za glasbeno ozaveščenost naroda. Slovenska muzikološka dediščina se žal ne more postavljati s priviligirano politično podporo. Odvisna je od lastnih moči, ne glede na to, da ji je urojena maloštevilnost; obilica raziskovalnega gradiva daleč presega obstoječe (po številu samo pomlajajoče se delovne moči. Zato je tem bolj odvisna od učinkovitosti koncepta, v katerem sta nadarjenost za stroko in osebnostna kreativnost poglavitni gibali. To postaja z novimi časi vse bolj problem slovenske muzikologije, ne meni pa se za prislovično »slovensko trdoživost«.

  11. Idea of Quality Versus Idea of Excellence

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    Marko Kiauta

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available This study investigates professionals on the field of quality, are responsible to give to customer honest clarification of fundamental ideas. Quality movement is losing credibility with suggesting that the idea of quality is replacing with the idea of excellence. Findings are based on more than 25 years of practice in professional promotion of quality: in consulting on private and public sector, from 1990 lead auditor at SIQ (Slovenian Institute of Quality, from 1998 lead assessor – commission for Slovenian Excellence Quality Award. Theory is developed based on: Noriaki Kano theory of Attractive quality, Tito Conti ideas on TQM and applications problems of Excellence model, Practical case of General Hospital Novo Mesto (in 1998 first attempt of using EM, than forced to build QMS based on ISO 9001 and then returned to practice EM. Findings: We really need to amplify and to understand the concept of quality in a much wider way. To treat excellence related activities separated from all others quality management activities is not god solution. The name of EFQM Excellence Model should be replaced with Quality Management Model. Research limitations/implications: This paper present findings mainly based on practice in Slovenia and especially in public sector where practicing of CAF is not giving expected benefits. Practical implications: The three styles of quality management (improvements to reach demands, improvements to reach expectations, improvements to react on new conditions and needs should be connected with personal development. Theory is developed based on: Noriaki Kano theory of Attractive quality, Tito Conti ideas on TQM and applications problems of Excellence model. We need integration moments. Integration is other word for creativity and health. It leads to integrity. Excellence is only one of three states of quality. If we ask: How? The answer is bad, good or excellent. All three are possible states of the same parameter.

  12. Inter-Diffusion of Plasma and Magnetic Fields in Pinch and Hardcore Discharges; Interdiffusion d'un Plasma et de Champs Magnetiques dans la Striction Rectiligne et la Striction Tubulaire; Vzaimnaya diffuziya plazmy i magnitnogo polya v pinch-razryadakh i razryadakh v tverdoj serdtsevine; Interdifusion Plasma-Campo Magnetico en Descargas de Estriccion y de Nucleo Rigido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reynolds, P.; Lees, D. J.; Bickerton, R. J.; Hardcastle, R. A.; Wetherell, A. T.; White, B. M. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Laboratory, Abingdon, Berks. (United Kingdom)

    1966-04-15

    The inter-diffusion of plasma and magnetic field is studied in pinch and hardcore discharges in a large bore, linear discharge tube (TIBER). The variation with magnetic field configuration, initial pressure, peak current, pre-heat conditions and rise time is found. The rapid ('anomalous') field diffusion found in the pinch case is due to a hydromagnetic rather than an electrostatic instability. (author) [French] Les auteurs etudient l'interdiffusion d'un plasma et de champs magnetiques dans la striction rectiligne et la striction tubulaire, au moyen d'une chambre a decharge droite de grand diametre (TIBER). Ils en determinent les variations selon la configuration du champ magnetique, la pression initiale, le courant maximum, les conditions de preechauffage et le temps de montee. La diffusion du champ rapide (anormale) constatee dans le cas de la striction rectiligne s'explique par une instabilite hydromagnetique et non par une instabilite electrostatique. (author) [Spanish] Se estudia la interdifusion plasma-campo magnetico en descargas de estriccion y de nucleo rigido utilizando una camara lineal de descarga de gran diametro interno (TIBER). Se determina la variacion segun la configuracion del campo magnetico, la presion inicial, la intensidad maxima de corriente, las condiciones de precalentamiento y el tiempo de crecimiento. La rapida difusion de los campos ('difusion anomala') observada en el caso de la estriccion se debe mas a una inestabilidad hidromagnetica que a una electrostatica. (author) [Russian] Vzaimnaja diffuzija plazmy i magnitnogo polja issleduetsja v pinch-razrjadah i razrjadah v tverdoj serdcevine v linejnoj razrjadnoj trubke bol'shogo diametra (Tiber). Opredeljajutsja izmenenie konfiguracii magnitnogo polja, nachal'noe davlenie, pikovyj tok, uslovija predvaritel'nogo nagreva i vremja pod'ema. Pokazyvaetsja, chto bystraja (''anomal'naja'') diffuzija polja, ustanovlennaja pri pinche, imeet mesto skoree iz-za gidromagnitnoj, chem iz

  13. The Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Ovaries of Dacus Oleae Gmel; Effet des rayons gamma sur les ovaires de la Dacus Oleae Gmel; Vozdejstvie gamma-izlucheniya na yaichniki Dacus Oleae; Efecto de las radiaciones gamma sobre los ovarios de la Dacus Oleae Gmel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baccetti, Baccio [Agricultural Entomology Station, Florence and Raffaella de Dominicis Radiological Institute, University of Florence (Italy)

    1963-09-15

    The authors have studied by cytological and ultramicroscopio techniques the ovaries of unfertilized adult females of Dacus oleae irradiated in the middle period of the pupal stage with several doses (2-30 kr) of gamma rays. In all cases the treatment inhibits the normal development of the ovary. Nurse cells and egg cells are very small and few in number and show abnormal stricture and ultrastructure, particularly as regards the cytoplasmic organelles. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont fait appel aux techniques cytologiques et ultramicroscopiques pour etudier les ovaires de femelles adultes de Dacus oleae non fecondees, qui avaient ete irradiees au milieu du stade pupaire par plusieurs doses (2-30 kr) de rayons gamma. Dans tous les cas, l'irradiation a empeche un developpement normal de l'ovaire. Les cellules nourricieres et les ovules etaient tres petits et rares, avec une structure anormale, surtout pour les organites du cytoplasme. (author) [Spanish] Los autores de la memoria han estudiado con tecnicas citologicas y ultramicroscopicas los ovarios de hembras adultas, no fertilizadas, de la Dacus oleae irradiadas durante el periodo medio de la fase ninfal con varias dosis de rayos gamma (de 2 a 30 kr). El tratamiento inhibe el desarrollo normal del ovario. Los oocitos, en todas sus fases, son muy pequenos, aparecen en escaso numero y muestran una estructura y ultraestructuca anormales, sobre todo por lo que respecta a los organulos citoplasmicos. (author) [Russian] Avtory izuchili s pomoshch'yu tsitologicheskikh i ul'tramikroskopicheskikh metodov yaichniki neollodotvorennykh khenskikh osobej Dacus oleae, obluchennykh, v seredine fazy okuklivaniya razlichnymi dozami (ot 2000 do 30 000 r) gamma-luchej. V kazhdom sluchae ehto tormozilo normal'noe razvitie yaichnikov. Pitayushchie i yajtsevye kletki byli ochen' malen'kimi, kolichestvo ikh neznachitel'no, struktura i ul'trastruktura nenormal'nye, prezhde vsego v otnoshenii. (author)

  14. Use of Radioactive Tracers in the Study of Insect-Plant Relationships; Emploi des radioindicateurs dans l'etude des relations insecte-plante; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya vzaimnoj svyazi mezhdu nasekomymi ch rasteniyami; Empleo de marcadores radiactivos para estudiar las relaciones insecto-planta

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crossley, Jr., D. A. [Radiation Ecology Section, Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1963-09-15

    habian pasaco la hibernacion de los adultos nuevos, porque la eliminacion del cesio en los primeros era mas rapida. En los estudios sobre poblaciones formadas por varias especies, la relacion entre el tamano del insecto y el indice de eliminacion sirvio para calcular el periodo medio biologico para la eliminacion del radiocesio por insectos harbivoros en una zona tratada con {sup 137}Ce. Este periodo medio y los datos sobre las masas biologicas vegetales e insectiles y sobre las concentraciones de radiocesio han permitido calcular el consumo de vegetales de una poblacion entera de insectos. Del mismo modo, se ha podido calcular el consumo de insectos de los artropodos depredadores basandose en las concentraciones estacionarias de radiocesio en los depredadores y en las victimas, las masas biologicas y el indice medio de eliminacion. (author) [Russian] Pri bolee rannem ispol'zovanii radioaktivnykh indikatorov v ehkologicheskikh issledovaniyakh nasekomykh-vreditelej ikh rasseyaniya i migratsii izuchalis' pri pomoshchi radioizotopov, kotorymi markirovalis' otdel'nye nasekomye. V poslednee vremya poluchilo rasprostranenie ispol'zovanie radioizotopov dlya izucheniya biologicheskoj assotsiatsii nasekomykh i rastenij, a takkhe khishchnykh nasekomykh i ikh dobychi, iskhodya iz opredeleniya potrebleniya imi pishchi. Biologicheskoe vydelenie radioizotopov, kotoroe meshaet izucheniyu rasseyaniya nasekomykh, ispol'zuetsya v nastoyashchee vremya dlya izmereniya kolichestva potrebleniya pishchi. Kak v polevykh issledovaniyakh, tak i v laboratornykh ehksperimentakh nasekomym daetsya vozmozhnost' dostich' v protsesse pitaniya sostoyaniya ustojchivoj kontsentratsii radioizotopov. V ehtikh usloviyakh temp pogloshcheniya dannogo radioizotopa raven tempu ego vydeleniya: (temp pogloshcheniya) = (velichine ustojchivogo sostoyaniya) x (skorost' poteri); Izmereniya tempov vydeleniya (biologicheskogo poluraspada) pozvolyayut perevodit' sostoyaniya ustojchivoj kontsentratsii v funktsii tempov

  15. Temptations of a socialist paradise: Reflections of a consumerist society in Yugoslavian films of the 1960s

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Malešević Miroslava

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available In a world divided by irreconcilable ideological differences into the capitalist West and the socialist East, Yugoslavia itself has, since the early fifties, faced a permanent choice between two options, on the borderline between those two opposing blocs. Coerced by political circumstances, the country's leadership had chosen its own path into communism, formulated through the idea of worker self-management that secured the belief among the people of Yugoslavia that they did not belong to either of the sides divided by the iron curtain. Although it was initially promoted as an expression of authentic Marxism, these unique political projects inevitably lead to an increasing openness toward the western world. The reduction of central government control over the economy, opening of borders, freedom of movement inside and outside the country, freedom of companies to trade abroad, permissible limited private property etc. allowed for easier access to elements of a consumer society that were coming from the West. Getting closer to the western world, as a cultural and an economic process, in the early 1960s also became a subject of Yugoslavian cinematography, which had after a string of years of partisan films begun to deal with modern (urban life. Through an anthropological analysis of the most popular domestic films made during that period, such as: Zajednicki stan, Nema malih bogova, Ljubav i moda and Na mesto građanine pokorni, in this paper I observe how ideological dilemmas concerning the first experiences of abandoning 'pure' socialism and the gradual acceptance of consumerism manifested in society (just prior to the economic reform of 1965., the vision of some future society that came to exist and the encounter with the taste of its values and lifestyle (the appearance of market mentality where new rules become important - competition and a fight for personal interest, individualism opposed to collective socialist solidarity etc.. [Projekat

  16. Tine Germ: Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira: Valvasorjevo Prizorišče človeške smrti v evropskem kontekstu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luka Vidmar

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Tine Germ: Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira:  Valvasorjevo Prizorišče človeške smrti v evropskem kontekstu Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, 2015, 176 strani, 68 ilustracij Umetnostni zgodovinar Tine Germ je v zadnjih letih Valvasorjevemu delu Theatrum mortis humanae tripartitum iz leta 1682 posvetil vrsto raziskav, njihove ugotovitve pa je leta 2015 razširil in povezal še v monografijo Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira. Raziskave so bile vsekakor potrebne: Prizorišče človeške smrti je bilo namreč do tedaj v slovenski umetnostni, literarni in kulturni zgodovini kljub pomembnosti avtorja in kljub primerljivosti z najkvalitetnejšimi sorodnimi deli iz drugih evropskih dežel skoraj prezrto ali vsaj zelo pomanjkljivo obravnavano. Raziskave so bile tudi uspešne: prvič so prinesle poglobljeno ikonografsko analizo omenjenega polihistorjevega dela in prvič obširneje opisale njegovo mesto v sočasni evropski likovni in literarni umetnosti. Iz uvoda k monografiji Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira je jasno razvidno, da je bilo to mogoče najprej zato, ker je avtor kritično dekonstruiral tradicionalne paradigme, zlasti (umetnostnih ali literarnih »centrov« oziroma »obrobij«, pa tudi (slogovne ali idejne »naprednosti« oziroma »zaostalosti«, ki so v humanističnih vedah ovirale in v določeni meri še vedno ovirajo neobremenjeno raziskovanje del, kakršno je Prizorišče človeške smrti. Germova monografija nas tako že na začetku implicitno opozarja, da čaka na temeljitejšo znanstveno obravnavo še veliko umetniških in literarnih del, nastalih na Slovenskem v srednjem in zgodnjem novem veku, ki smo jih puščali ob strani zaradi različnih predsodkov, oblikovanih v 19. in 20. stoletju.

  17. Legislation and Identification of Irradiated Foodstuffs; Reglementation et Identification des Denrees Irradiees; Zakonodatel'stvo po obluchennym pishchevym produktam i metody ikh identifikatsii; Legislacion y'Identificacion de los Alimentos Irradiados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lafontaine, A. [Institut d' Hygiene et d' Epidemiologie, Ministere de la Sante Publique, Bruxelles (Belgium)

    1966-11-15

    Originally of purely military importance, the irradiation of food commodities is nowadays of increasing interest in the civilian sector, and commodities so treated will shortly be marketed. Protection of the health of the consumer should be the main element in arguments for and against this practice. In view of the uncertainties which make it difficult to take up a definite attitude to the problem as a whole, Belgium has preferred to adopt the principle of prohibition, with the possibility of progressively departing from this principle as further knowledge becomes available. Article 64.1 (b) and (c) of the Royal Decree of 28 February 1963 prohibits the addition of radioactive substances to foodstuffs and the treatment of foodstuffs by ionizing radiations. Article 65 (a) and (b) actually already provides for rescindment of prohibition on condition that the addition or treatment is performed for research purposes and that a specific licence has been granted by the Ministry of Public Health. The import, possession or transport of foodstuffs to which radioactive substances have been added or which have been treated by ionizing radiations are also prohibited under Article 64.2. Similar prohibitions are applied in regard to two products of a somewhat similar nature to foodstuffs, i.e. medicaments and medical supplies which have been treated by ionizing radiations; with a view to progressive liberalization, however, considerable easing of the regulations is proposed as far as medical supplies are concerned. In spite of the lack of conviction in certain scientific circles regarding the wholesomeness of irradiated foods, it is likely that a number of processes will shortly be accepted. A number of countries have already authorized consumption of various irradiated foods and it is to be assumed that national barriers will be overcome by commercial ties. At the same time, some control is essential to ensure that the authorized processes are not applied to foods for which they have not been specified and to check that the permissible doses are not exceeded. Identification of irradiated foods and, as appropriate, determination of the doses employed therefor, constitute a national and an International problem. The problem can be approached in numerous ways, as shown by the following list of possible methods: measurement of the paramagnetic state of the atom, electrophoresis, measurement of redox potential, polarography, spectrophotometry, chromatography, colorimetry, microscopic examination of tissues, immunological changes, microbiology, changes in the packing material, and changes in organoleptic characteristics. The most promising methods so far appear to be spectrophotometry, chromatography, electrophoresis, changes in redox potential and determination of various oxidation products. Considerable research remains to be done and this must take account of the following requirements: - the method must be as specific as possible; it must be qualitative and if possible quantitative; - results must be obtained from parallel tests on irradiated products, untreated products, and products preserved by other processes; - the tests must be protracted, covering a period at least as long as that for which the foods are kept before before consumption, in order to ascertain whether the changes observed persist, become more pronounced, or disappear. - finally, the method must be capable of as near universal application as possible, account to be taken of the range of foods which can be irradiated, the types of irradiation and the doses employed. (author) [French] D'un interet purement militaire au debut, les recherches sur l'irradiation des denrees alimentaires ont progressivement interesse le domaine civil et nous sommes au seuil de la commercialisation de tels produits: la protection de la sante du consommateur doit etre l'element principal du faisceau d'arguments pour ou contre une telle pratique. En raison des incertitudes qui empechent de formuler un jugement definitif sur l'ensemble du probleme, la Belgique a prefere recourir au principe de l'interdiction, quitte a envisager des derogations progressives en fonction du progres des connaissances. L'arrete royal du 28 fevrier 1963, en son article 64,1 alineas b et c, interdit d'ajouter des substances radioactives aux denrees alimentaires ou de traiter celles-ci par les radiations ionisantes. Deja actuellement l'article 65, alineas a et b, prevoit une derogation a condition que l'incorporation ou le traitement soient effectue a des fins de recherches et qu'une autorisation specifique ait ete accordee par le Ministere de la Sante publique. L'Importation, la detention et le transport de denrees auxquelles des substances radioactives sont ajoutees ou traitees par des radiations ionisantes sont egalement interdits en vertu de l'article 64.2. Des dispositions analogues d'interdiction sont prises a l'egard de deux produits proches des denrees, les medicaments et le materiel medical traites par les radiations ionisantes; toutefois, dans le sens d'une liberalisation progressive, un serieux assouplissement est propose en ce qui concerne le materiel medical. Malgre les incertitudes qui continuent a regner dans certains milieux scientifiques quant a la salubrite des aliments irradies, il est vraisemblable que certains procedes ont des chances d'etre admis a plus ou moins breve echeance. Quelques pays ont d'ailleurs deja autorise la consommation de plusieurs aliments irradies et il est a prevoir que le circuit commercial tendra a franchir les frontieres nationales. Par ailleurs, il est indispensable de pduvoir s'assurer que les procedes autorises n'ont pas ete indument appliques a des denrees pour lesquelles ils n'etaient pas prevus et que les doses tolerees ont ete respectees. Le probleme de 1'identification des produits irradies et de la connaissance eventuelle de la dose utilisee pour l'irradiation se pose par consequent sur le plan national et sur le plan international.Un inventaire des methodes qu'on peut envisager montre la multiplicite des modes d'approche de la question: mesure de l'etat paramagnetique de l'atome, electrophorese, mesure du potentiel d'oxydoreduction, polarographie, spectrophotometrie, chromatographie, colorimetrie, examen microscopique des tissus, modifications immunologiques, microbiologie, modification du materiel d'emballage et modification des caracteres organoleptiques. Jusqu'a present, la spectrophotometrie, la chromatographie, l'electrophorese, les modifications du potentiel d'oxydo-reduction et le dosage de certains produits d'oxydation paraissent les plus prometteurs. Des recherches importantes restent necessaires; elles doivent tenir compte de divers imperatifs: - la methode doit etre aussi specifique que possible, qualitative et, si possible, quantitative; - les resultats doivent provenir d'essais menes parallelement sur des produits irradies, sur des produits non traites et sur des produits conserves par d'autres procedes; - les essais doivent etre etendus dans le temps au moins aussi longtemps que dure la conservation habituelle des denrees avant leur consommation pour se rendre compte si les modifications eventuellement observees se maintiennent, s'accentuent ou disparaissent; - enfin, la methode doit etre aussi universelle que possible, compte tenu de la gamme de denrees pouvant etre irradiees, des modes d'irradiation et des doses utilisees. (author) [Spanish] Las investigaciones sobre irradiacion de alimentos, que al principio tenian un interes puramente militar, han llegado a interesar al sector civil; pronto se procedera a la comercializacion de esos productos irradiados: el principal elemento del conjunto de argumentos aducidos en pro o en contra de tal procedimiento debe ser la proteccion de la salud del consumidor. En vista de las incognitas que impiden formular un juicio definitivo sobre el problema considerado en su totalidad. Belgica ha preferido adoptar el principio de la prohibicion, sin perjuicio de derogaciones progresivas a medida que vayan progresando los conocimientos. En los apartados b y c del articulo 64.1 del real decreto de 28 de febrero de 1963 se prohibe anadir sustancias radiactivas a los productos alimenticios o tratarlos con radiaciones ionizantes. Ya en la actualidad, el articulo 65 (apartados a y b) preve una excepcion siempre que la incorporacion o el tratamiento se efectuen con fines de investigacion y con una autorizacion explicita del Ministerio de Sanidad Publica. El articulo 64.2 prohibe tambien la importacion, retencion y transporte de productos alimenticios a los que se hayan anadido sustancias radiactivas o que hayan sido tratados con radiaciones ionizantes. Se han adoptado disposiciones prohibitivas analogas con respecto a dos productos afines a los articulos alimenticios: los medicamentos y los suministros medicos tratados con radiaciones ionizantes. No obstante, con miras a una liberalizacion progresiva, se propone una gran flexibilidad en lo que respecta a los suministros medicos. Pese a la incertidumbre que continua existiendo en ciertos medios cientificos en cuanto a la salubridad de los alimentos irradiados, es probable que ciertos procedimientos sean admitidos en plazo mas o menos breve. Algunos paises han autorizado ya el consumo de diferentes alimentos irradiados y cabe prever que el circuito comercial tendera a rebasar las fronteras nacionales. Por otra parte, es indispensable tener la posibilidad de verificar que los procedimienros autorizados no se aplican indebidamente a articulos para los que no han sido previstos y que se respetan las dosis establecidas. Es decir, se plantea, en el plano nacional y en el internacional, el problema de la identificacion de los productos irradiados y, eventualmente, el de la comprobacion de la dosis de radiacion administrada. El inventario de los metodos que se podrian aplicar muestra la variedad de las maneras de abordar la cuestion: medicion del estado paramagnetico del atomo, electroforesis, medicion del potencial de oxidorreduccion, polarografia, espectrofotometrin, cromatografia, colorimetria, examen microscopico de los tejidos, modificaciones inmunologicas, microbiologia, modificacion del material de embalaje y modificacion de los caracteres organolepticos. Hasta ahora, la espectrometria, la cromatografia, la electroforesis, las modificaciones del potencial de oxidorreduccion y la valoracion de ciertos productos de oxidacion parecen los metodos mas prometedores. Continua siendo necesario efectuar algunas investigaciones importantes en las que se han de tener presentes diferentes imperativos: - el metodo debe ser lo mas especifico posible-cualitativo, y, si es posible, cuantitativo; - los resultados deben provenir de ensayos realizados paralelamente con productos irradiados, con productos 110 irradiados y con productos conservados por otros procedimientos; - los ensayos deben extenderse a todo el tiempo que dure la conservacion habitual de los productos antes de su consumo para poder comprobar si las modificaciones que eventualmente se observen se mantienen, se acentuan o desaparecen; - por ultimo, el metodo debe ser lo mas universal posible, teniendo en cuenta la variedad de productos que pueden irradiarse, las modalidades de la irradiacion y las dosis administradas. (author) [Russian] Nauchnye issledovanija v oblasti obluchenija pishhevyh produktov, predstavljavshie snachala interes s chisto voennoj tochki zrenija, postepenno ohvatyvajut i grazhdanskuju oblast', j my nahodimsja nakanune takogo polozhenija, kogda jeti produkty priobretajut kommercheskoe znachenie. Ohrana zdorov'ja potrebitelja dolzhna byt' glavnym argumentom takoj praktiki. Vvidu imejushhihsja nejasnostej, meshajushhih sostavit' okonchatel'noe mnenie po probleme v celom, Bel'gija predpochitaet pribegnut' k principu zapreshhenija, izbegat' postepennyh otstuplenij v zavisimosti ot progressa poznanij. Korolevskim postanovleniem ot 28 fevralja 1963 goda, stat'ja 64,1 podpunkty b i s, zapreshhaetsja primenjat' radioaktivnye veshhestva k pishhevym produktam ili obrabatyvat' ih pri pomoshhi ionizirujushhih izluchenij. Uzhe v nastojashhee vremja stat'ja 65, podpunkty ai', predusmatrivaet otstuplenie ot vysheukazannogo pravila pri uslovii, chto primenenie takih veshhestv ili obrabotka imi budut osushhestvljat'sja v issledovatel'skih celjah i pri nalichii special'nogo razreshenija Ministerstva zdravoohranenija. Vvoz, hranenie i perevozka pishhevyh produktov, kotorye podvergalis' obrabotke radioaktivnymi veshhestvami, takzhe zapreshheny v silu stat'i 64,2. Analogichnye polozhenija prinjaty v otnoshenii medikamentov i medicinskogo oborudovanija, obrabatyvaemyh pri pomoshhi ionizirujushhih izluchenij. Tem ne menee v porjadke postepennogo predostavlenija bol'shoj svobody dopuskaetsja opredelennaja gibkost' v otnoshenii medicinskogo oborudovanija. Nesmotrja na to, chto nekotorye nauchnye krugi prodolzhajut somnevat'sja otnositel'no bezvrednosti obluchennyh pishhevyh produktov, predstavljaetsja verojatnym v nedalekom budushhem ispol'zovat' nekotorye metody. Nekotorye strany k tomu zhe uzhe dali razre- . shenie na potreblenie nekotoryh vidov obluchennyh pishhevyh produktov i mozhno predvidet', chto ih prodazha vyjdet za ramki nacional'nyh granic. Krome togo, neobhodimo obespechit' .takoe polozhenie, chtoby metody, kotorye byli odobreny, ne primenjalis' k produktam, dlja kotoryh oni ne predusmotreny, i chtoby sobljudalis' dopustimye dozy obluchenija. Takim obrazom, v nacional'nom i mezhdunarodnom plane voznikaet problema identifikacii obluchennyh produktov i vozmozhnogo opredelenija dozy obluchenija. Rassmotrenie perechnja vozmozhnyh metodov ukazyvaet na mnozhestvo sposobov podhoda k resheniju jetogo voprosa: izmerenie paramagnitnogo sostojanija atoma, jelektroforez, izmerenie potenciala okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nogo processa, polarografija, spektro- fotometrija, hromatografija, kalorimetrija, mikroskopicheskoe izuchenie tkanej, immunologicheskie izmenenija, mikrobiologija, izmenenie upakovochnogo materiala i izmenenie organolepticheskih svojstv. Do nastojashhego vremeni spektrofotometrija, hromatografija, jelektroforez, izmenenija potenciala okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nogo processa i dozirovka nekotoryh okislov, po-vidimomu, javljajutsja naibolee obeshhajushhimi. Neobhodimo provedenie vazhnyh issledovanij s uchetom razlichnyh trebovanij: - metod dolzhen byt' po vozmozhnosti specificheskim, kachestvennym i, esli vozmozhno, kolichestvennym; - rezul'taty dolzhny vytekat' iz issledovanij, parallel'no vedushhihsja s obluchennymi produktami, s neobrabotannymi produktami i s produktami, sohranjaemymi drugimi sposobami; - issledovanija dolzhny provodit'sja v techenie takogo vremeni, kotoroe vozmozhno dlja obychnogo hranenija pishhevyh produktov do ih potreblenija, s tem, chtoby vyjasnit', sohranjajutsja, usilivajutsja ili ischezajut nabljudaemye v izvestnyh sluchajah modifikacii; - nakonec, metod dolzhen byt' po vozmozhnosti universal'nym, uchityvaja bol'shoe kolichestvo produktov, kotorye mogut byt' oblucheny, sposoby obluchenija i ispol'zuemye dozy. (author)

  18. Transition Processes in Superconducting Magnetic Systems; ПЕРЕХОДНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В СВЕРХПРОВОДЯЩИХ МАГНИТНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sychev, V. V.; Zenkevich, V. B.; Andrianov, V. V. [Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Institut Vysokih Temperatur, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1966-12-15

    The prospects for using MHD energy conversion depend in many ways on the feasibility of superconducting magnetic systems. The construction of large, efficient superconducting magnets requires in its turn detailed information about the phenomena occurring in the superconducting windings. The properties of superconducting windings are determined largely by the characteristic features of magnetic field penetration into the volume of the superconductor and by the processes associated with the transition of a part of the windings to the normal state. Accordingly, the programme for the development of a superconducting magnetic system for MHD generation includes investigations of these processes, in which the properties of superconducting windings are brought out most clearly. The experiments were carried out with a small solenoid. The results show that the transition of the superconducting windings to the normal state follows certain patterns. The authors also investigated processes associated with current variations in a superconducting solenoid; for example, they determined experimentally the relationship between the interlinkage of electric and magnetic circuits in the solenoid and the current, the residual interlinkage, the relationship between inductance and current, and the losses when the magnetic polarity of the solenoid is reversed, etc. They also consider the possibility of a theoretical generalization of their results. (author) [Russian] Perspektivnost' magnitogidrodinamicheskogo metoda preobrazovanija jenergii vo mnogom svjazana s vozmozhnost'ju ispol'zovanija sverhprovodjashhej magnitnoj sistemy. Dlja sozdanija bol'shih, jeffektivno rabotajushhih sverhprovodjashhih magnitov neobhodima v svoju ochered' detal'naja informacija o javlenijah, imejushhih mesto v sverhprovodjashhej obmotke. Specifika sverhprovodjashhej obmotki v znachitel'noj mere opredeljaetsja harakternymi osobennostjami proniknovenija magnitnogo polja v ob{sup e}m sverhprovodnika, a takzhe

  19. THE SLOVENE VERSION OF MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION – STANDARDIZATION ON VOLUNTEERS FROM 55 TO 75 YEARS OLD (I

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gal Granda

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Background. The incidence of dementia is growing due to the aging of the population. Active search for the population at risk is necessary. Short cognitive screening tests are one of the most suitable ways of doing that. The most often used test of this kind is Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE. Its distinctive features are simplicity and shortness. Kratek preizkus spoznavnih sposobnosti (KPSS – Slovenian version of MMSE has been used in Slovenia since 1984, although there were no normative values for Slovenian population, which restricted its applicability and use in clinical practice. The aim of the present paper was to obtain the normative values for KPSS for different age and educational groups in population of adults older than 55 years. Our hypothesis was that test results would be significantly dependent on age and education which will justify the extensive nature of the study.Methods. Some parts of the test were modified based on clinical experience in last years. The modified KPSS was used for testing at general practices in Ljubljana, Maribor and Novo mesto. The research comprised of KPSS testing in 154 volunteers, mean age 65.1 (ranged from 55 to 87 years. None of them had a diagnosis of dementia or other active psychiatric or neurologic ilness.Results. We found that KPSS results are not influenced by gender. The volunteers were aranged in four age groups at five years intervals. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.0002 for the mean results among different age groups were found. The volunteers were further divided in groups according to the level of education and the differences in mean results among the educational groups were statistically significant (p < 0.0000. Normative values for the age and education groups were obtained.Conclusions. The main result of our study are KPSS normative values for different age and education groups of Slovenians. The mean results on KPSS are significantlly dependent on age and education

  20. Economical study on the choice of the methods for processing radioactive waste with regard for their further burial.; Ehkonomicheskie issledovaniya po vyboru sposobov pererabotki radioaktivnykh otkhodov s uchetom ikh dal`nejshego zakhoroneniya.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Avdeev, O K; Lyakhov, V F [Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr z dezaktivatsyiyi ta kompleksnogo povodzhennya z radyioaktivnimi vyidkhodami, Zhovtyi Vodi (Ukraine)

    1994-12-31

    Results of economical studies in the field of rational application of different methods of processing of low- and middle-active RAW are presented. They are as follows: burning, compaction, metal decontamination by chemical treatment and remelting, hardening of RAW. It is shown that efficient use of the processes of burning, supercompaction, chemical and pyrodecontamination of metal may be achieved only when processing considerable amounts of waste under conditions of a single Centre for processing and burial of RAW.

  1. Influence of beryllium ceramics nano-structuring by iron atoms on increase of their stability to ionizing radiations effect; Vliyanie nanostrukturirovaniya berillievykh keramik atomami zheleza na povyshenie ikh ustojchivosti k vozdejstviyu ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Polyakov, A I; Bitenbaev, M I [Fiziko-Tekhnicheskij Inst., Almaty (Kazakhstan)

    2007-07-01

    In the work a new results on beryllium ceramics nano-structuring effect by iron oxide atoms on radiation defects quantum yield value G in these materials and defects depth constants in ionizing radiation fields k are presented. Experimental data under dependence of G and k values from concentration of iron atoms in beryllium ceramic matrix are presented. It is shown, that structure modification of beryllium ceramics by feedings on the iron base leads to sharp decrease (almost in 30 times) of radiation defects quantum yield value, i.e. to increase of these ceramics stability enhancement to ionizing radiation effect.

  2. Profile counting; Comptage suivant l'axe principal du corps; Issledovanie schetchikom vdol' vsego tela; Recuento segun el eje principal del cuerpo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pochin, E E [Medical Research Council, Department of Clinical Research, University College Hospital Medical School, University Street, London, W. C. 1 (United Kingdom)

    1959-07-01

    , el perfil presentara maximos que indican las regiones del cuerpo en que se producen esas concentraciones y el grado de las mismas; los organos de que se trate pueden identificarse entonces mediante un sistema de representacion bidimensional; se prosigue luego el recuento segun el eje principal con el fin de observar la renovacion de los isotopos o las modificaciones de su concentracion en esos organos. Esta tecnica se ha utilizado para estudiar la concentracion y el metabolismo del yodo-131 en los tumores de la tiroides; se examinara su utilidad para vigilar el tratamiento de esos tumores con yodo radiactivo. La misma tecnica se ha empleado para estudiar la distribucion de la tiroxina y de la triyodotironina marcadas con yodo-131 administradas por via intravenosa, y de particulas de oxido de itrio-90, despues de su inyeccion en una arteria intrapulmonar, asi como para determinar la distribucion de otros isotopos sobre la base de la radiacion gamma o de la radiacion de frenado. Este metodo permite obtener una representacion grafica, convenientemente simplificada para diagnosis mediante comparaciones cuantitativas, de la distribucion, a diferentes intervalos, de los isotopos administrados en dosis unica o sucesivas. (author) [Russian] Pri takom issledovanii schetchik postepenno peremeshchaetsya vdol' vsego tela i tak kollimirovan, chto on v kazhdom polozhenii pokazyvaet soderzhanie radioizotopov lish' v uzkoj polose poperek vsego tela. Esli vychertit' diagrammu skorosti otschetov v kazhdom polozhenii v sootvetstvii s rasstoyaniem schetchika ot temeni, to poluchennaya takim obrazom krivaya pozvolyaaet bystroe izmerenie kolichestvennog o raspredeleni ya izotopov vo vsem tele. Kogda nadlezhashchij izotop preimushchestvenn o skontsentrirovals ya v nekotorykh organakh ili tkanyakh tela, to v krivoj poyavlyayutsya rezkie povysheniya, pokazyvayushchie mesto i razmery takoj kontsentratsii, prichem sootvetstvuyushchi e organy opoznayutsya putem sostavleniya skhemy v dvukh

  3. Alloying of titanium by oxygen during chamber electroslag remelting/Legiranje titanijuma kiseonikom u peći za elektropretapanje pod troskom

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anatoliy D. Ryabtsev

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents the results of alloying titanium by oxygen in the process of chamber electroslag remelting. As an oxygen-containing ligature, we used the electrodes-satellite from the reaction mass residues mixture from the retort lid for magnesium thermal reduction of a titanium sponge, a specially prepared gaseous argon oxygen mixture containing 30% oxygen applied directly to the melting space, microsize (10-15 mm powder particles of titanium oxide and titanium oxide nanopowder with a particle size of 21 ± 5 nm. The structure and the properties of titanium alloyed by oxygen from the oxygen-containing ligature, gas phase and titanium oxide powder during chamber electroslag remelting of the titanium sponge are investigated. It was found that at the oxygen content of 0.053%mas. to 0.22%mas. in the metal formed a homogeneous single-phase structure typical for commercial titanium formed by polyhedral grains of the α-phase. The increase of the oxygen concentration in titanium for more than 0.22%mas. leads to the formation of the microstructure with a typical needle structure, which allows it to be classified as the α ׳-phase. / U radu su prikazani rezultati legiranja titanijuma kiseonikom u procesu elektropretapanja pod troskom u peći. Za vezivo, koje sadrzi kiseonik, korišćene su satelit elektrode iz reakcije masenih ostataka mešavine iz poklopca retorte za termalnu redukciju magnezijumtitanijumskog sunđera, specijalno pripremljena mešavina gasa argona i kiseonika sa 30% kiseonika primenjena direktno na mesto topljenja, čestice praha titanijum-oksida mikroveličine 10-15mm i nanoprah titanijum-oksida veličine čestica od 21± 5 nm. Ispitane su struktura i karakteristike titanijuma legiranog kiseonikom iz veziva , gasne faze i praha titanijum-oksida tokom elektropretapanja titanijumovog sunđera pod troskom u peći. Utvrđeno je da se pri sadržaju kiseonika od 0.053%mas.do 0.22%mas. u metalu formira homogena jednofazna struktura tipi

  4. Družbeno odgovorno poslanstvo Arheološkega parka Marof

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anita Skubic

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Research Question (RQ: Novo mesto with its surroudnings is known to Slovenian and foreign professional and lay public for its prehistoric and his toric remains, mainly form Bronze and Iron Age, from times as far as 1000 B.C. In the recent years tourism is considered to be one of the most growing economic service activities in the world. Toursim is a civilizational achievement of the modern era and one of the essential factors of economic development, therefore many countries emphasize the development of tourism as a stategic developmental direction. The question I proposed is whether the etsablishment of the arcaheoloigcal park Marof would lead to a successfull preservation of the acraeological findings and their presentaiton to the public hence proving socially responsible behaviour. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to give an overview of home and foreign scientific literature dealing with social responsibility of companies and to present a good practice example. Method: I used a descriptive research method, which is based on the studies of theoretical content and the use of pre-existing home and foreign scientific literature. Results: The idea of the archaeological park Marof is presented as a social responsibility of the nation (the preservation of the archaeological cultural heritage, the social responsibility of the organization (offer for tourists, individual social responsibility (quality spent free time, social responsibility of the professionals involved (archaeologists and other professionals. Organization: Museums are public cultural institutions concerned with the preservation of the mobile cultural heritage. The main activiti es of museum do not only involve collecting, sorting, listing, researching and preserving of this heritage but also presenting the collected material to the public. This presentation normally takes place through permanent and special archaeological exhibitions. In this casehowever the material would be

  5. Measurement of the wear rate of cast grinding balls using radioactive tracers; Evaluation de l'usure des boulets pour concasseurs, au moyen des indicateurs radioactifs; Izmerenie skorosti iznosa litykh drobil'nykh sharov pri pomoshchi mechenykh atomov; Medicion de la velocidad de desgaste de bolas trituradoras de acero colado con ayuda de indicadores radiactivos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Keys, J D; Eichholz, G G [Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, ON (Canada)

    1962-01-15

    'nykh sharov v razlichnykh rabochikh usloviyakh i dlya sopostavleniya rezul'tatov, poluchaemykh s sharami raznykh tipov ili raznogo sostava, byli uspeshno ispol'zovany mechenye atomy. Na protyazhenii neskol'kikh nedel' bylo provedeno nablyudenie za partiej mechenykh stal'nykh sharov v drobil'noj rabote i byli sobrany statisticheskie dannye otnositel'no iznosa i poteri vesa. V khode opytnykh tsiklov do otlivki sharov k rasplavlennomu metallu byl dobavlen kobal't-60 i posle ehtogo bylo provedeno nablyudenie nad litymi sharami v ikh rabote na razrabotkakh zheleznoj rudy. Partiya mechenykh radioizotopami sharov byla dobavlena k drobil'nym sharam drobilki s normal'noj emkost'yu zagruzki priblizitel'no v 75 tonn, H cherez kazhduyu nedelyu iz drobilki vybiralis' obraztsy zagruzki dlya iz{sup y}atiya mechenykh sharov. EHti shary proveryalis' i vzveshivalis' i podschityvalas' skorost' ikh iznosa. EHtot metod okazalsya praktichnym sposobom issledovaniya svojstv iznosa v rabochikh usloviyakh na ustanovke. (author)

  6. Use of Isotopes for Investigating the Behaviour and Ecology of Insect Pests in Some Recent Studies; Emploi des radioisotopes dans des recherches recentes sur le comportement et l'ecologie des insectes nuisibles; Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov dlya issledovaniya povedeniya i ehkologii nasekomykh-vreditelej v Irane; Empleo de isotopos en estudios recientes sobre el comportamiento y la ecologia de las plagas insectiles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Quraishi Sayeed, M. [Cento Institute of Nuclear Science, Teheran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    1963-09-15

    investigo el modo de alimentarse de las ninfas del primer estadio utilizando plantas de trigo activadas con {sup 32}P. Tambien se estudiaron otros alimentos marcados radiactivamente y se encontro que la alimentacion es esencial para la primera muda, aunque consiste solamente en agua embebida en un papel de filtro. (author) [Russian] Issledovaniya ehkologii, povedeniya, rasprostraneniya i sroka zhizni nasekomykh vsegda privlekali ehntomologov. Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov yavlyaetsya ehffektivnym orudiem issledovaniya; nizhe daetsya soobshchenie otnositel'no neskol'kikh interesnykh problem, razreshennykh s ikh pomoshch'yu. Anopheles Stephensi yavlyaetsya glavnym perenoschikom malyarii v yuzhnom Irane. Blagodarya ispol'zovaniyu mechennykh P{sup 32} komarov byli polucheny svedeniya otnositel'no ikh rasprostraneniya, povedeniya, usvoeniya imi krovi, sozrevaniya yaichnikov i prodolzhitel'nosti gonotroficheskikh tsiklov. Bylo ustanovleno, chto prblizitel'ko v 80% sluchaev dlya zaversheniya pervogo tsikla komaram trebovalos' dvazhdy krovyanoe pitanie. Sam pervyj tsikl zavershalsya v zavisimosti ot temperatury za chetyre ili pyat' sutok. Vyplodivshiesya za noch' mechenye komary vypuskalis' na svobodu v izolirovannoj derevne. Sootnoshenie mezhdu aktivnymi komarami i obshchim ikh ulovom ustavlivalos' kazhdyj den' i, pri uslovii neizmennosti prirodnoj populyatsii, opredelyalas' smertnost', prichem okazalos', chto ona v techenie pervykh shesti sutok yavlyalas' ehksponentnoj. Bylo izucheno takzhe brachnoe povedenie samok putem ispol'zovaniya normal'nykh samok, sparivavshikhsya v proshlom odin raz s mechennymi P{sup 32} samtsami. Bylo ustanovleno, chto samka sparivaetsya bolee odnogo raza i chto posle sparivaniya s aktivnym samtsom spermateka stanovitsya aktivnoj. Ispol'zuya samtsov, davavshikh 15 000 otschetov v minutu,byli polucheny schety, vdvoe prevyshavshie fonovye (12 schetov v minutu). Pri pomoshchi ispol'zovaniya mechennykh P{sup 32} komarov byli provedeny takzhe issledovaniya po

  7. Storage and Disposal of Solid Radioactive Waste; Stockage et Evacuation des Dechets Radioactifs Solides; 0425 0420 0414 ; Almacenamiento y Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos Solidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pomarola, J. [Chef du Bureau Technique, Service de Controle des Radiations et de Genie Radioactif, Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France)

    1960-07-01

    evacuacion definitiva: - en la superficie; - en el subsuelo; - en el mar. Un importante factor para elegir una u otra solucion lo constituyen las consideraciones de tipo economico. (author) [Russian] V nastojashhem dokumente rassmatrivajutsja reshenija otnositel'no okonchatel'nogo prednaznachenija tverdyh radioaktivnyh othodov. 1 - Prezhde vsego neobhodimo predusmotret' organizovannoe vremennoe zahoronenie. II - Okonchatel'noe zahoronenie : Vvidu aktivnosti i specifiki othodov, pri okonchatel'nom zahoronenii trebuetsja ustanovit': - Mesto i vid transportirovki kak vnutri, tak i vne jadernyh centrov. Vybor reshenija vytekaet iz vysheukazannyh soobrazhenij ; dalee posledovatel'no rassmatrivaetsja okonchatel'noe zahoronenie: - Na poverhnosti zemli - V zemle - V more Soobrazhenija jekonomicheskogo porjadka javljajutsja vazhnym faktorom v vybore reshenija. (author)

  8. Metabolism of fission products in man: Marshallese experience; Metabolisme des produits de fission radioactifs chez l'homme: donnees recueillies aux iles Marshall; Metabolizm radioaktivnykh produktov deleniya v organizme cheloveka. (dannye obsledovaniya zhite- lej marshal'skikh ostrovov); Metabolismo de productos de fision radiactivos en el hombre: datos obtenidos en los habitantes de las islas Marshall

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cohn, S. H. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)

    1963-02-15

    gracias a estos estudios. Presenta los resultados de un tratamiento con la sal calcico-disodica del EDTA, que se efectuo poco despues de la contaminacion con el proposito de modificar la velocidad de eliminacion de las mezclas de productos de fision en los habitantes de las islas Marshall. Tambien discute el metabolismo de los radionuclidos y su relacion con la radiactividad ambiente en aquella zona. (author) [Russian] Meditsinskoe'obsledovanie zhitelej Marshal'skikh ostrovov, sluchajno podvergshikhsya dejstviyu mestnykh radioaktivnykh osadkov v 1954 godu, yavlyaetsya unikal'nym v tom smysle, chto ono, naryadu s obsledovaniem yaponskikh rybakov, daet vozmozhnost' poluchit' edinstvennye v ehtoj oblasti dannye po metabolizmu smeshannykh produktov deleniya v organizmakh lyudej. Rannyaya diagnostika vnutrennego radioaktivnogo zarazheniya osushchestvlyalas' s pomoshch'yu radiokhimicheskogo analiza vydelenij obluchennykh lyudej i metodami radiokhimicheskogo analiza tkanej zhivotnykh obluchennykh odno-vremenno. Na nachal'noj stadii bol'shuyu chast' vnutrennej dozy radiatsii sostavlyali strontsij-89, barij-140, jod-131, ikh bolee korotkozhivushchie dochernie produkty i ryad redkozemel'nykh ehlementov. Cherez god osnovnymi radioizotopami byli strontsij-90, tsezij-137 i tsink-65. Pozdnee periodi- cheski izmeryalas' aktivnost' ehtikh radioizotopov, a eshche pozdnee i kobal'ta-60. Nachinaya s 1958 goda gamma-spektry u zhitelej Marshal'skikh ostrovov poluchayut s pomoshch'yu portativnogo schetchika dlya izmereniya aktivnosti vsego tela. V doklade obsuzhdayutsya dannye ehtikh issledovanij za prshedshie vosem' let. Privodyatsya rezul'taty rannikh popytok izmenit' skorost' udaleniya smeshannykh produktov deleniya iz organizma s pomoshch'yu dvunatrievogo kal'tsiya EDTA. Obsuzhdaetsya takzhe metabolizm radioizotopov i svyaz'ikh s urovnyami v okruzhayushchej srede. (author)

  9. POZHARNYYe RISKI I IKH VLIYANIYe NA RISK-ORIYENTIROVANNYY PODKHOD PRI ORGANIZATSII I OSUSHCHESTVLENII FEDERAL'NOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO POZHARNOGO NADZORA [Fire risks and their impact on the risk-oriented approach in the organization and implementation of federal state fire supervision

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fomin A.I.

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The essence of fire risks and risk-oriented approaches in the organization and implementation of supervisory measures to fulfill the requirements in the field of fire safety is described. In accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the criteria for the assignment of protection objects and the frequency of conducting scheduled inspections with respect to them by the bodies of the federal state fire supervision are given. The influence of various factors on the risk category is given. Measures aimed at reducing the risk category and, as a result, reducing administrative barriers to the activities of legal entities and individuals have been identified. The analysis of the parameters influencing the magnitude of fire risks, as well as the risk category of the protection object, is given. The foregoing is provided in the form of an accessible scheme for persons who do not have special knowledge in meeting the requirements of fire safety. The urgency of developing a methodology and a criterion for reducing the hazard category of fire safety surveillance facilities is determined, taking into account the fulfillment by legal entities and individuals of previously issued regulations. That means: methodology, the application of which is possible when conducting unscheduled inspections by federal fire safety authorities.

  10. Damages of electrical insulation of cable products used at NPP`s and technique of their detection and operative control; Povrezhdeniya v ehlektricheskoj izolyatsii kabel`nykh izdulij, ehkspluatirue mykh na atomnykh ehlektrostantsiyakh i metody ikh obnaruzheniya i operativnogo kontro lya

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Valeev, R S; Filatov, N I

    1994-12-31

    Analysis of possible damages in electrical insulation of cable products under their application at NPP`s is conducted. Basic methods for detecting such damages and rapid control of technical condition of cable products during the operation are considered.

  11. The Trencin water power station

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2005-01-01

    This leaflet describes the Trencin water power station. The Trencin water power station was built seven years after the Dubnica nad Vahom water power station started its operation and was the last stage of the first and the oldest derived cascade of water power stations on the Vah River. After completing water power stations at Ladce (1936), Ilava (1946) and Dubnica nad Vahom (1949) and before constructing the Trencin water power station, the whole second derived cascade of water power stations including water power stations at Kostolna, Nove Mesto nad Vahom and Horna Streda was built as soon as possible mainly because the need to get compensation for discontinued electricity supplies as well as energetic coal from the Czech Republic. Hereby, experiences from the construction of previous grades were used, mainly as far as the dimensioning was concerned, as the fi rst installed power stations had, in comparison with the growing requirements on the electricity supplies, very low absorption capacity - only 150 m 3 .s -1 . Thus the Trencin power station (original name was the Skalka power station) was already dimensioned for the same absorption capacity as the cascade located downstream the river, that is 180 m 3 .s -1 . That was related also to growing demands on electricity supplies during the peaks in the daily electric system load diagram, and thus to the transfer from continuous operation of the water power station to semi-peak or even peak performance. According to the standards of power station classification, the Trencin water power station is a medium size, low pressure, channel power station with two units equipped by Kaplan turbines and synchronous hydro-alternators. The water power station installed capacity is 16.1 MW in total and its designed annual production of electrical energy for medium water year is 85,000 MWh, while the average annual production during the last 30 years is 86,252 MWh. Installed unit has a four-blade Kaplan turbine with the diameter

  12. THE USE OF HORMONES DURING THE PERIMENOPAUSAL PERIOD IN SLOVENIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Damir Franić

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Background. We want to collect data on the use of hormone therapy (HT in perimenopausal women in Slovenia. These data were to serve as the basis for evaluation of the most frequently prescribed HT, and of the distribution of prescriptions by Slovene health regions. Consequently, the percent of women aged 40–65 years, current hormone replacement therapy (HRT users was to be assessed.Methods. The analysis was made on the basis of the data collected by the automatic processing of prescriptions (AOR. Reliability of the data has been excellent since the introduction of the health insurance card. The data on drug use are expressed as defined daily doses (DDD per 1000 inhabitants aged 40–65 years. The information on the number of women in a certain age group and their number in a certain medical region was obtained from the Statistical Institute of Slovenia and from the database of the Institute of Health Insurance of Slovenia. DDD is a technical unit, by means of which drug use can be compared. DDD is a mean daily dose of the drug prescribed for the main indication in adults, the unit being 1 gram of the active substance. The AOR data have become reliable after 2001, therefore our analysis comparised the years 2001 and 2002. Comparison of the data was done using the list of drugs prepared according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification (ATC for coding drugs.Results.  HRT (at least one pack was found to be used by 12.5% of women in 2001 and 12.4% in 2002. The estimated percent of women receiving HRT for at least 6 months was 6.5% in 2001 and 6.4% in 2002. Considering DDD, most frequently prescribed drugs were estrogens and monophasic estrogens + progesterone, these in the age groups 45–55 years; beyond this age HT was used decreasingly. Conjugated equine estrogen and antiandrogens combined with estrogens were prescribed the least. By medical regions, most systemic hormones were prescribed in the Ljubljana and Novo mesto

  13. Eradication of White Grub (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) by the Sterile - Male Technique; Eradication du ver blanc (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) par la methode du lacher de males steriles; Unichtozhenie lichinok majskogo zhuka (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) metodom sterilizatsii muzhskikh osobej; Erradicacion de la larva del abejorro (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) por la tecnica de los machos esterilizados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Horber, E. [Swiss Experimental Station for Agriculture, Zurich-Oerlikon (Switzerland)

    1963-09-15

    mortalidad se observo en la zona a). En 1962 se procedio en esta zona a un segundo tratamiento para el que se soltaron 17 l de machos irradiados. Se habia esterilizado el 76% por lo menos de los machos. El nuevo muestreo de larvas demostro que en la zona a) el exterminio habia sido completo. Debido a la sequia que reino en toda la region se observaron tambien disminuciones en las zonas b) y c). Se ha demostrado que la tecnica de los machos esterilizados puede aplicarse con exito a insectos de una region que no este estrictamente aislada desde el punto de vista geografico, cuyas hembras copulen varias veces, y que no sea posible criar en grandes cantidades debido a la larga duracion de su ciclo de reproduccion. (author) [Russian] Laboratornye ispytaniya pokazyvayut, chto doza 30 00 r dostatochna dlya sterilizatsii muzhskikh osobej majskogo khuka. V techenie dvukh vyletov sterilizovannye samtsy vypuskalis' na volyu sredi neoblucheknykh populyatsij dlya likvidatsii khrushchej v rajone s nespetsializirovannym sel'skim khozyajstvom, raspolozhennom v severo-zapadnoj SHvejtsarii. V 1950 godu shirokoe rasprostranenie ehtikh vreditelej bylo predotvrashcheno primineniem khimikalij. Sparivaniya nablyudalis' pri vylete s 1953 po 1962 god. V 1959 godu byli otvedeny pyat' uchastkov ploshchad'yu 30 ga, na kotorykh sozdali: A - ehksperimental'nyj uchastok, na kotorom muzhskie osobi vylavlivalis', obluchalis' i vypuskalis' snova na volyu; B - uchastok dlya razvedeniya, gde majskie zhuki sobiralis', ikh muzhskie osobi obluchalis' i vypuskalis' na uchastok A; V - kontrol'nye uchastki, gde nablyudalis' sparivaniya bez vneshnego vmeshatel'stva. Samtsy obluchalis' na obychnoj terapevticheskoj rentgenovskoj ustanovke. Obluchennye samtsy okrashivalis' vruchnuyu dlya opredeleniya proportsii sterilizovannykh samtsov metodom izotopnogo razvedeniya. V 1959 godu v kachestve pervogo opyta na uchastok A bylo vypushcheno okolo 6 l sterilizovannykh samtsov, chto sostavlyalo okolo 50% vsej populyatsii

  14. On Absolute Measurements of {beta}-Emitting Radionuclides; Mesures absolues d'emetteurs {beta}; Absolyutnye izmereniya {beta} izluchayushchikh radioizotopov; Sobre la medicion absoluta de los emisores {beta}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baptista, A M [Centro de Estudos de Fisica, Comisao de Estudos de Energia Nuclear, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia, Lisboa (Portugal)

    1960-06-15

    {sup 210} (RaE). La memoria termina con una nota sobre el problema de las perdidas por absorcion en las hojas en el recuento absoluto por centelleo. (author) [Russian] Daetsya opisanie detektorov 4 {pi} G. M. i privodyatsya nekotorye ikh kharakteristiki. Otsutstvie lozhnykh impul'sov pokazano putem izmereniya vozrastaniya intervalov mezhdu impul'sami. Rassmatrivayuts ya nekotorye problemy, otnosyashchiesya k pogloshcheniyu fol'gi i istochnika pri pomoshchi Sr{sup 90} i Y{sup 90}. Predstavlen takzhe ehksperimental'ny j metod s ispol'zovaniem parnykh istochnikov, napravlennyj na popravku ischislyaemykh poter' v fol'ge i do nekotoroj stepeni v istochnike pogloshcheniya. Daetsya opisanie podgotovki standartov Bi{sup 210} (RaE). Predstavleno primechanie o probleme poter' fol'gi ot pogloshcheniya pri stsintillyatsionno m absolyutnom schete. (author)

  15. Ecosystem based river basin management planning in critical water catchment in Mongolia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tugjamba, Navchaa; Sereeter, Erdenetuul; Gonchigjav, Sarantuya

    2014-05-01

    Developing the ecosystem based adaptation strategies to maintain water security in critical water catchments in Mongolia would be very significant. It will be base by reducing the vulnerability. "Ecosystem Based adaptation" is quite a new term in Mongolia and the ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. To strengthen equitable economic development, food security, climate resilience and protection of the environment, the implementation of sustainable river basin management in critical water catchments is challenging in Mongolia. The Ulz river basin is considered one of the critical water catchments due to the temperature has increased by in average 1.30Ñ over the period 1976 to 2011. It is more intense than the global warming rate (0.740C/100 years) and a bit higher than the warming rate over whole Mongolia as well. From long-term observations and measurements it is clear that Ulz River has low water in a period of 1970-1980 and since the end of 1980s and middle of 1990s there were dominated years of the flood. However, under the influence of the global warming, climate changes of Mongolia and continuation of drought years with low water since the end of 1990s until today river water was sharply fallen and dried up. For the last ten years rivers are dried up and annual mean run-off is less by 3-5 times from long term mean value. The Ulz is the transboundary river basin and taking its origin from Ikh and Baga Burd springs on territory of Norovlin soum of Khentii province that flows through Khentii and Dornod provinces to the northeast, crossing the state border it flows in Baruun Tari located in Tari Lake concavity in Russia. Based on the integrative baseline study on the 'The Ulz River Basin Environmental and Socioeconomic condition', ecosystem based river basin management was planned. 'Water demand Calculator 3' (WDC) software was used to

  16. Radioisotopes and Radiation in Animal and Plant Insect Pest Control; Emploi des radioisotopes et des rayonnements dans la lutte contre les insectes nuisibles aux plantes et aux animaux; Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov i radiashchi v bor'be s nasekomymi-vreditelyami rastenij i zhivotnykh; Utilizacion de los radioisotopos y de las radiaciones en la lucha contra los insectos nocivos para las plantas y los animales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Andreev, S. V.; Martens, B. K.; Samojlova, V. A.; Molchanova, Z. I. [Vsesoyuznyj Institut Zashchity Rastenij, Leningrad, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1963-09-15

    plagas de insectos. La accion esterilizadora y letal de las radiaciones ionizantes puede ser muy eficaz en la lucha contra las plagas de insectos. Utilizando rayos gamma se han establecido las dosis esterilizadoras para toda una serie de insectos nocivos para los productos agricolas almacenados (Calandra granaria L., Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say, Pectinophora Malvella Hb., Leptinotarsa decemlineota Say, Chloridea obsoleta F.) y los cultivos. Los datos obtenidos con esas investigaciones serviran de base para elaborar y perfeccionar los metodos de lucha contra los insectos daninos para la agricultura. (author) [Russian] Problema bor'by s vreditelyami sel'skokhozyajstvennykh kul'tur imeet krupnoe narodnokhozyajstvennoe znachenie. Pri razreshenii ehtoj problemy osoboe znachenie priobretaet ispol'zovanie poslednikh dostizhenij nauki. V tselyakh ratsionalizatsii i povysheniya ehffektivnosti sushchestvuyushchikh metodov bor'by s vrednymi nasekomymi byli ispol'zovany radioaktivnye izotopy i izlucheniya. Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh izotopov i izluchenij yavlyaetsya moguchim sredstvom ratsionalizatsii i'povysheniya ehffektivnosti sushchestvuyushchikh metodov bor'by s vrednymi nasekomymi. Razrabotka ehtikh metodov vyzyvaet neobkhodimost' detal'nogo izucheniya voprosov bioehkologii, toksikologii i t.d. V oblasti bioehkologii ves'ma perspektivnym yavlyaetsya metod radiomarkirovki nasekomykh. Primenenie radioizotopov dlya markirovki nasekomykh vreditelej zernovykh kul'tur (Eurygaster integriceps Put, Hadena sordida Skh.) i ikh parazitov (Meniscus agriatus Crow, Psendogonia cinerascens Rond.) pozvolilo ustanovit' razmery migratsij ikh, opredelit' mesta rezervatsij, chislennost' populyatsij i izuchit' voprosy pitaniya ukazannykh parazitov vrednykh nasekomykh. Ehtim khe metodom byla ustanovlena dinamika rasprostraneniya karantinnogo ob{sup e}kta kartofel'nogo khuka (Leptinotarsa decemlineota Say), chto pozvolilo poluchit' neobkhodimye dannye dlya provedeniya istrebitel'nykh meropriyatij

  17. Creation of a mobile plant for hardening low volumes of liquid radioactive waste with low specific activity at the sport of their formation.; Sozdanie peredvizhnoj ustanovki dlya otverzhdeniya malykh ob`emov zhidkikh radioaktivnykh otkhodov nizkoj udel`noj aktivnosti v mestakh ikh obrazovaniya.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kovalenko, V N; Petrichenko, V S [Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr z dezaktivatsyiyi ta kompleksnogo povodzhennya z radyioaktivnimi vyidkhodami, Zhovtyi Vodi (Ukraine)

    1994-12-31

    A device and a principle of work of an experimental prototype of a mobile plant intended for immediate hardening of low volumes (to 10 l) of liquid radioactive waste with low level of activity at the enterprises have been described.

  18. Transmutation doping and recoil effects in semiconductors exposed to thermal neutrons; Transmutations provoquees et effets de recul dans les semi-conducteurs exposes aux neutrons thermiques; Prisadka i sdacha v rezul'tate prevrashcheniya poluprovodnikov pod dejstviem teplovykh nejtronov; Impurificacion por transmutacion y efectos de retroceso en los semiconductores expuestos a neutrones termicos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crawford, Jr, J H; Cleland, J W [Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1962-01-15

    ({sup 71}Ga); una correcta eleccion de la exposicion permite por tanto disminuir la concentracion de electrones en el germanio de tipo n hasta valores muy bajos, o transformar el germanio de tipo n en germanio de tipo p. Afortunadamente, el periodo de semidesintegracion del nuclido que da origen al {sup 71}Ga es largo; ello permite observar en detalle el curso de la ''valoracion radiactiva'' por medicion del coeficiente de Hall y de la comductividad. Los experimentos demuestran tambien que los defectos que producen en la red cristalina los retrocesos de nucleos causados por la emision gamma consecutiva a la captura neutronica eliminan aproximadamente un electron por cada neutron capturado. El recocido a unos 450 Degree-Sign C hace que los atomos desplazados vuelvan a los sitios que les corresponden en la red cristalina. Tambien se han observado efectos del retroceso en el silicio; cada captura da lugar a la eliminacion de, aproximadamente, dos portadores de carga. Los autores analizaran las deducciones a que llevan estos resultados y los obtenidos con el germanio, basandose en los espectros de rayos gamma de captura. En el caso del antimoniuro de indio, los rayos gamma de captura emitidos por el {sup 115}In no bastan para desplazar un numero grande de nucleos, de modo que el efecto principal es la formacion de {sup 116}Sn, que es un donor cuando sustituye a un atomo de indio en una red cristalina de este elemento. La impurificacion por transmutacion nuclear ofrece una posibilidad de estudiar numerosos semiconductores compuestos en los que resulta dificil introducir impurezas por procomientos quimicos. (author) [Russian] Byli provedeny podrobnye issledovaniya vozdejstviya teplovykh nejtronov na germanij. Iz pyati izotopov tri izotopa prevrashchayutsya v khimicheskie primesi, vykhod kotorykh, v chisle atomov na 100 zakhvatov nejtronov, i ikh periody poluraspada predstavlyayutsya v sleduyushchem vide: Ga{sup 71} - 30,4, 11,4 dnya; As{sup 75} - 9,8, 82 min; Se{sup 77} - 1

  19. Hunting Motifs in Situla Art

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrej Preložnik

    2013-07-01

    prehistory (Fig. 3. The most popular hunting technique is stag-stalking with bow and hound. Made famous by the Molnik fibula and represented on several situlae, it is a typical genre scene: the hunter, standing or kneeling behind a tree with his hound, is aiming his bow at a couple of grazing animals, evidently symbols of the herd. In the context of stag-stalking scenes, two probable misinterpreta- tions should be pointed out: rather than the tip of a rabbit’s ear, the triangular finish of the missing element from the Dürrnberg cup may be the extreme end of either the barb of a bilobate arrow (Fig. 4. And, secondly, the situla from the Kapiteljska njiva at Novo Mesto displays no tethered young stag but an adult animal next to a roughly crafted palmette (Fig. 6. The hunter (with hound ly- ing in wait is a highly popular motif in different cultures: these scenes evince strong similarities in terms of date and composition (Fig. 5.

  20. Memorizing circuit for long pulses; Circuit de memoire pour impulsions longues; Zapominayushchee ustrojstvo dlya dlitel'nykh impul'sov; Circuito memorizador para impulsos de larga duracion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Coli, M; Horn, G [Sorin Centro Ricerche Nucleari di Saluggia (Italy)

    1962-04-15

    t + {tau}. Se suman los impulsos alargados de fase opuesta y se obtiene asi en la salida un impulso de amplitud A y de anchura t. El retardo {tau} es controlado por dos univibradores disparados a una distancia t (circuito de control del retardo) por un amplificador saturado que transforma en rectangular al impulso de entrada y da dos impulsos por medio de un circuito diferenciador (circuito medidor del retardo). El impulso de salida se pasa de nuevo a la entrada a traves de un atenuador y de una linea de retardo, El ciclo se repite con una frecuencia de {approx} 1/{tau}. El impulso memorizado tiene un ancho de 50 {mu}s a 10 ms y hasta mas. La frecuencia de repeticion puede variar desde 10{sup 4} Hz hasta 30 Hz e incluso menos. Se describe otro circuito basado en el mismo principio y que es capaz de memorizar la configuracion del impulso de entrada ademas de su amplitud y de su anchura. (author) [Russian] Blok-skhema predostavlyaet vozmozhnost' neogranichennogo zapominaniya polozhitel'nykh impul'sov lyuboj formy s sokhraneniem kak ikh amplitudy, tak i ikh shiriny. Teoreticheski pryamougol'nyj impul's s amplitudoj A i shirinoj t, proizvodimyj v kachestve odnokratnogo impul'sa v moment t = 0 mozhet byt' vosproizveden v svoej sobstvennoj zone cherez lyuboj promezhutok vremeni t, tak chto on mozhet byt' zaderzhan na ostsilloskope, sinkhronizirovannom s chastotoj povtoreniya {approx_equal} 1/{tau}. Narastayushchaya forma impul'sa ne zapominaetsya, tak chto vremya narastaniya i spada uderzhannogo ostsilloskopom impul'sa svojstvenny lish' samomu zapominayushchemu ustrojstvu. Po sushchestvu blok-skhema mozhet rassmatrivat'sya kak sostoyashchaya iz dvukh rasshiryayushchikh konturov. EHti kontury prevrashchayut vkhodnuyu shirinu t v t + {tau}. Udlinennye impul'sy protivopolozhnykh faz skladyvayutsya i dayut vykhodnoj impul's s amplitudoj A i shirinoj t. Vremya zaderzhki {tau} reguliruetsya dvumya konturami, ustojchivymi tol'ko v odnom sostoyanii i privodimymi v dejstvie s

  1. New hydride compounds of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and its dication with borine and tetrahydridoborate anion and products of their transformations; Novye gidridnye soedineniya 1,4-diazabitsiklo[2.2.2]oktana i ego dikationa s borinom i tetergidridoborat-anionom i produkty ikh prevrashcheniya

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shevchenko, Yu N; Yashina, N I; Markova, O Z; Trachevskij, V V

    1997-12-31

    New compounds [dabcoH{sub 2}](BH{sub 4}){sub 2}, dabco(BH{sub 3}){sub 2}2H{sub 2}, [dabco(BH{sub 3}){sub 2}H{sub 2}]{sub n} have been synthesized by means of interaction between dihydrochloride of 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2] octane (dabco) and NaBH{sub 4} in the medium of nonaqueous solvents (glyme, diglyme, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide) and identified by the methods of element analysis, conductometry, {sup 1}H, {sup 11}B, {sup 14}N NMR, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. A mechanism is suggested and the conditions are defined for mutual transformations of the compounds studied. Their ability to bind reversibly molecular hydrogen has been revealed for the first time. 19 refs.; 3 figs.; 1 tab.

  2. Chemical Changes Induced by Irradiation in Meats and Meat Components; Transformations Chimiques Provoquees par les Rayonnements dans les Viandes et Leurs Constituants; Khimicheskie prevrashcheniya v myasnykh produktakh i ikh sostavnykh chastyakh pod vozdejstviem oblucheniya; Alteraciones Quimicas Producidas por Irradiacion de las Carnes y de sus Componentes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Merritt, C. Jr. [Pioneering Research Division, United States Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, MA (United States)

    1966-11-15

    The acceptability of meats preserved by irradiation has been hampered by the formation of an irradiation flavour and odour. This flavour and odour is believed to be due to the volatile chemical compounds produced by radiation impact on the protein and lipid molecules. The analysis of the volatile compounds has been accomplished, employing programmed cryogenic temperature gas chromatography for separation of the complex mixtures obtained, and rapid scanning mass spectrometry for identification of the individually separated components. Comprehensive analyses of the volatiles from irradiated ground beef, pork, mutton, lamb, and veal, as well as the volatile irradiation degradation products of several amino acids and proteins, animal fats, methyl esters of fatty acids, and triglycerides have been made. The results of the analysis of the irradiated component meat substances are compared with those obtained from the irradiation of meat itself, and of separate meat fractions, thus establishing the contribution of each fraction to the total. Mechanisms are postulated for the formation of the volatile components from each fraction and for interactions among intermediates from different fractions. (author) [French] La comestibilite des viandes conservees par les rayonnements s'est trouvee diminuee a la suite de l'apparition dans celles-ci d'un gout et d'une odeur engendres par l'irradiation. On pense que ces derniers sont dus aux composes chimiques volatils qui sont formes par l'action des rayonnements sur les molecules des proteines et des lipides. Il a ete procede a l'analyse des composes volatils a l'aide d'un programme de chromatographie en phase gazeuse a temperature cryogenique visant a separer les constituants des melanges complexes obtenus, et par spectrometrie de masse a balayage rapide destinee a identifier les constituants separes. L'auteur a effectue des analyses completes des composes volatils emanant de viande hachee de boeuf, de porc, de mouton, d'agneau et de veau; il a egalement analyse les produits volatils de la degradation, par les rayonnements de plusieurs acides amines et proteines, de graisses animales, d'esters methyliques d'acide gras et de triglycerides. L'auteur compare les resultats de l'analyse des substances constitutives de la viande soumises a l'irradiation avec ceux obtenus par l'irradiation de la viande elle-meme et de fractions distinctes de viande, ce qui permet de determiner l'apport de chaque fraction a l'ensemble. Il postule des mecanismes expliquant la formation des elements volatils dans chacune de ces fractions ainsi que les interactions entre les sub- stances, intermediaires des differentes fractions. (author) [Spanish] El mal sabor y el mal olor originados por la irradiacion de la carne conservada son un obstaculo para su aceptacion. Se cree que este sabor y este olor desagradables se deben a.los compuestos quimicos volatiles producidos por las radiaciones en las moleculas de proteinas y lipidos. Se han analizado los compuestos volatiles por cromatografia en fase gaseosa a temperaturas sumamente bajas y con arreglo a un programa, para determinar las mezclas complejas obtenidas, y por espectrometria de masas con exploracion rapida, para identificar los componentes separados. Se han efectuado analisis minuciosos de las sustancias volatiles formadas por irradiacion en carne picada de vaca, cerdo, carnero, cordero y ternera, asi como de los productos volatiles de degradacion originados por las radiaciones en varios aminoacidos y proteinas, grasas animales, esteres metilicos de acidos grasos y trigliceridos. Los resultados del analisis de los componentes de la carne irradiados se comparan con los obtenidos irradiando la carne misma y distintas fracciones de ella. Se postulan los mecanismos de formacion de los componentes volatiles de cada fraccion y los de las interacciones de las fases intermedias correspondientes a distintas fracciones. (author) [Russian] Obluchenie razlichnyh sortov mjasa s cel'ju konservacii otrazhaetsja na vkusovyh kachestvah, vyzyvaja pojavlenie specificheskogo privkusa i zapaha. Polagajut, chto jeto ob{sup j}asnjaetsja obrazovaniem letuchih himicheskih soedinenij pri dejstvii radiacii na belki i lipidnye molekuly. Analiz letuchih soedinenij osushhestvljaetsja na gazovom hromatografe s kriogennym ohlazhdeniem do zadannoj temperatury, gde proishodit razdelenie slozhnyh smesej. Identifikacija vydelennyh komponentov provoditsja s pomoshh'ju mass-spektrometrii s bystrym skennirovaniem. Proveden ischerpyvajushhij analjz letuchih soedinenij, vydeljajushhihsja iz govjadiny, svininy, baraniny i teljatiny, kotorye byli oblucheny, a takzhe analiz letuchih soedinenij, obrazujushhihsja pri razlozhenii pod dejstviem obluchenija nekotoryh aminokislot, belkov, zhivotnogo zhira, metilovyh jefirov zhirnyh kislot i trigliceridov. Rezul'taty analizov obluchennyh komponentov mjasnyh produktov sravnivajutsja s rezul'tatami, poluchennymi pri obluchenii samogo mjasa i ego otdel'nyh frakcij, chto daet vozmozh - nost' ustanovit' rol' kazhdoj frakcii v celom. Postulirujutsja mehanizmy obrazovanija letuchih komponentov ot kazhdoj frakcii, a takzhe vzaimodejstvie promezhutochnyh produktov ot razlichnyh frakcij. (author)

  3. Radioisotopes in the physical chemistry of corrosion processes and their inhibition; Les radioisotopes dans la chimie physique des processus de corrosion et de leur inhibition; Primenenie radioizotopov v fizicheskoj khimii protsessov korrozii i ikh tormozheniya; Los radioisotopos en la quimica fisica de los procesos de corrosion y de inhibicion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cartledge, G H [Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1962-03-15

    The fundamental study of the electrochemical processes of corrosion and inhibition involves various factors, including in particular: (a) adsorption phenomena of different types; (b) ion-exchange properties of passive films; and (c) the electrochemical kinetics of both anodic and cathodic processes across the interface between a metal and its corrosive environment. The availability of radioisotopes has made possible certain studies of these phenomena that could not be made previously with conventional techniques. The element technetium, a homologue of manganese in the periodic system, has been found uniquely suited to certain of these studies by reason of its nuclear properties. The chemical properties of technetium compounds are summarized and contrasted with those of corresponding Cr{sup 51} compounds and those of molybdenum and tungsten, so much used in studies of inhibition. Selected experimental studies are given as examples of the uses to which technetium has already been put in this type of work. Among these are empirical studies of its action as a very efficient inhibitor of the corrosion of iron, together with the results of long-term observations of surface activity. Other studies with both Tc{sup 99} and I{sup 131} have demonstrated the significance of competitive adsorption of ions in the determination of the kinetics of the corrosion and inhibitory processes. Finally, the author shows how the unique properties of technetium have permitted a clear discrimination between the relative contributions of oxygen and the oxidizing inhibitor in the maintenance of passivity. (author) [French] Parmi les facteurs qui entrent en jeu dans l'etude fondamentale des processus electrochimiques de corrosion et d'inhibition on releve notamment: a) differents types de phenomenes d'adsorption; b) les proprietes d'echange ioniques des films passifs; c) la cinetique electrochimique des processus tant anodiques que cathodiques qui se produisent dans l'interface entre un metal et le milieu corrosif. Avec les radioisotopes, on peut maintenant entreprendre sur ce sujet certaines recherches impossibles avec les moyens classiques. Le technetium, homologue du manganese dans la classification periodique, s'est revele l'element de choix pour certaines de ces recherches. Ses proprietes nucleaires sont extremement interessantes a cet egard. Le memoire resume les proprietes chimiques des composes du technetium, qu'il oppose a celles des composes correspondants du chrome-51, ainsi qu'a celles du molybdene et du tungstene, d'usage repande dans les recherches sur l'inhibition. L'auteur decrit ensuite quelques etudes experimentales a titre d'exemples des emplois que le technetium a deja trouves dans les travaux de ce genre. Il mentionne notamment certains etudes empiriques sur l'action du technetium en tant qu'inhibiteur tres efficace de la corrosion du fer, ainsi que les resultats d'observations faites pendant une longue periode sur l'activite de surface. D'autres recherches au moyen du technetium-99 et de l'iode-131 ont montre l'importance de l'adsorption competitive d'ions dans l'etude cinetique des processus de corrosion et d'inhibition. Enfin l'auteur mentre comment les proprietes speciales du technetium ont permis de faire une distinction nette entre la part de l'oxygene et celle de l'inhibiteur oxydant dans le maintien de la passivite. (author) [Spanish] Algunos de los factores que intervienen, en los estudios fundamentales de los procesos electroquimicos de corrosion e inhibicion son los siguientes: a) fenomenos de adsorcion de diversos tipos, b) propiedades de intercambio ionico de las peliculas pasivas, y c) la cinetica electroquimica de los procesos anodicos y catodicos que tienen lugar en la fase que separa un metal del medio corrosivo. Los radioisotopos han hecho posible ciertos estudios de estos fenomenos que antes no podian llevarse a cabo con los metodos clasicos. Se ha comprobado que el tecnecio, tm homologo dol manganeso en el sistema periodico, es particularmente adecuado para algunos de estos estudios. Las ventajas do este elemento estriban, en sus propiedades nucleares. La memoria resume las propiedades quimicas de los compuestos de tecnecio y las compara con las de los compuestos correspondientes de {sup 51}Cr, de molibdeno y de wolframio, que con tanta frecuencia se emplean en el estudio de la inhibicion. La memoria describe seguidamente ciertos estudios experimentales como ejemplo de los usos a que se ha destinado el tecnecio en los trabajos de este tipo. Entre ellos menciona estudios empiricos de su accion como eficaz inhibidor de la corrosion del hierro, y observaciones de la actividad de superficie realizadas durante periodos largos de tiempo. Otros estudios efectuados con {sup 99}Tc y con {sup 131}I han demostrado la importancia de la adsorcion competitiva de iones en la determinacion de la cinetica de los procesos de corrosion y de inhibicion. Como tercer ejemplo, describe como las propiedades excepcionales del tecnecio han permitido distinguir claramente las contribuciones relativas del oxigeno de las del inhibidor oxidante en el mantenimiento de la pasividad. (author) [Russian] Sredi faktorov, vkhodyashchikh v fundamental'noe izuchenie ehlektrokhimicheskikh protsessov korrozii i tormozheniya, vydelyayutsya v chastnosti sleduyushchie: a) razlichnye vidy adsorbtsionnykh yavlenij; b) ionoobmennye svojstva passivnykh plenok; c) ehlektrokhimicheskaya kinetika kak anodnykh, tak i katodnykh protsessov, proiskhodyashchikh mezhdu metallom i korrozijnoj sredoj. Teper' pri pomoshchi radioizotopov mozhno provesti nekotorye issledovaniya ehtikh yavlyaenij, kotorye nevozmozhno osushchestvit' obychnymi sredstvami. Tekhnetsij, gomolog margantsa v periodicheskoj sisteme, okazalsya ves'ma podkhodyashchim dlya nekotorykh ehtikh issledovanij. Ego yadernye svojstva krajne interesny u ehtom otnoshenii. V doklade kratko izlagayutsya khimicheskie svojstva soedinenij tekhnetsiya, protivopostavlennye svojstvam sootvetstvuyushchikh soedinenij khroma-51, molibdena i vol'frama, obychno ispol'zuyushchikhsya pri izuchenii protsessov tormozheniya. Dalee avtor opisyvaet nekotorye ehksperimental'nye issledovaniya v kachestve primerov ispol'zovaniya tekhnetsiya v rabotakh podobnogo roda. V chastnosti, on upominaet nekotorye ehmpiricheskie issledovaniya dejstviya tekhnetsiya kak ves'ma ehffektivnogo sredstva tormozheniya korrozii zheleza, a takzhe rezul'taty mnogochislennykh nablyudenij nad aktivnost'yu poverkhnosti. Drugie issledovaniya pri pomoshchi kak tskhnstsiya-99, tak i joda-131 pokazali vazhnost' sravnitel'noj adsorbtsii ionov v kineticheskom izuchenii protsessov korrozii i tormozheniya. Nakonets, avtor pokazyvaet, kak osobye svojstva tekhnetsiya pozvolili provesti chetkoe razgranichenie mezhdu dolej kisloroda i dolej zamedlitelya okisleniya pri sokhranenii passivnosti. (author)

  4. Nuclear Collective Hamiltonian and Deformations; Yadernyj kollektivnyj gamil'tonian i deformatsii

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kumar, Krishna [Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)

    1968-12-15

    kollektivnom gamil'toniane Bora i modeli s parnym i kvadrupol'nym vzaimodejstviem. S pomoshh'ju chislennogo podbora velichiny svjazej mezhdu pjat'ju komponentami kvadrupol'nogo dvizhenija teorija mozhet ob{sup j}asnit' i predskazyvat' mnogie tendencii nizkolezhashhih urovnej i jelektromagnitnyh perehodov v oblasti W-Os-Pt. Nulevye kolebanija igrajut vazhnuju rol' v razmytii volnovoj funkcii jadra v ploskosti {beta}-{gamma}, tak chto povedenie jadra sushhestvenno zavisit ot po-vedenija kollektivnogo gamil'toniana vdali ot ravnovesnoj formy. Zavisimost' gamil'toniana ot u, i osobenno chlena v potenciale, otvechajushhego za raznicu vytjanutoj i spljusnutoj formy, igraet rjoshajushhuju rol' v rasshheplenii 2'{sup +} i 4{sup +} sostojanij i v sostojanijah I Not-Equal-To 0, s kvadrupol'nymi momentami, neravnymi nulju i imejushhimi mesto dazhe v sluchae sfericheskoj ravnovesnoj formy ili polnost'ju assimmetrichnoj s {gamma} = 30 Degree-Sign . Angarmonichnost' shesti inercionnyh funkcij gamil'toniana Bora vyzyvaet smeshivanie {beta}-{gamma} polos v protonah W, umen'shaet {beta}-{gamma} smeshivanie v izotopah Os i nejtralizuet razlichie v potenciale vytjanutoj i spljusnutoj formy. Takim obrazom, rasschitannyj spektr 196Pt okazalsja kolebatel'nym. Raschety dlja {sup 196}Pt dajut kak dostatochno bol'shoj otricatel'nyj kvadru- pol'nyj moment pervogo 2{sup +} sostojanija, tak i maluju verojatnost' prjamogo perehoda iz osnovnogo sostojanija na vtoroe 2{sup +} sostojanie. Odnako asschitannye 2+ (sostojanija {sup 192-196}Pt nahodjatsja na 0,1-0,2 Mjev vyshe. Velichiny V(E2; 2 Rightwards-Arrow 2'), rasschitannye dlja jetoj oblasti, bol'she nabljudaemyh priblizitel'no raza v dva. Ukazyvajutsja nekotorye vozmozhnye puti sovershenstvovanija metodiki. (author)

  5. Izdelovalci glasbil na Slovenskem 1606–1918

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darja Koter

    2003-12-01

    so posamezniki delovali v manjših krajih, je zaradi boljše preglednosti omenjeno bližnje večje mesto. Pri pomembnejših mojstrih sta strnjena vrednotenje  njihovega dela ter pomen za slovenski oz. širši evropski prostor. Med vitalnimi podatki so rojstni kraj, pomočniška potovanja, pridobivanje meščanskih in mojstrskih pravic (pri mojstrih tudi okoliščine, kako je prišel do obrtnih pravic: npr. nakup, poroka z vdovo obrtnega mojstra. Sledijo vrste izdelkov, ki so jih izdelovali v posamezni delavnici (npr. klavirji, orgle, harmoniji …, območje delovanja (pri orglarjih so omenjeni kraji in cerkve, kjer so bile orgle postavljene, kam so jih prestavljali in kje so ohranjene danes, velikost delavnice, proizvodnja (npr. velikost opusa pri orglarjih, število pomočnikov in vajencev ter njihova imena. Nato so iznajdbe in izboljšave pri inštrumentih, razstave, priznanja, nagrade ter preimenovanje delavnice in nasledniki. Posebna rubrika je namenjena navedbi ohranjenih inštrumentov v javnih zbirkah, pri čemer so upoštevane muzejske in zasebne zbirke doma in na tujem. Orglarska dediščina je predstavljena pri območju delovanja posameznika. Sledi naslov delavnice in morebitne selitve. Na koncu so v kronološkem redu navedeni viri, in sicer literatura (samostojne publikacije, članki v periodiki, diplomska dela, razstavni katalogi, zborniki in leksikografska gesla, revije in časopisi ter arhivski viri.

  6. Solid sources of krypton-85; Sources solides de krypton-85; Tverdye istochniki kriptona-85; Fuentes solidas de cripton-85

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Puig, J R; Sandier, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1962-01-15

    industria. Sin embargo, la preparacion de fuentes industriales de {sup 85}Kr plantea dificultades porque este elemento se presenta en forma gaseosa y no puede ser fijado quimicamente. En la presente memoria los autores exponen un metodo de fijacion del cripton en una matriz macromolecular obtenida por polimerizacion en masa de un monomero liquido que contiene al cripton, y describen la preparacion de dos tipos de fuentes obtenidas segun este principio - una a base de poliestireno y la otra a base de acetato de polivinilo. Estas fuentes dejan escapar parte del cripton, por lo que su actividad disminuye diariamente a razon de 8 % en el primer caso y de 3 % en el segundo. Estos decrecimientos aparentes permiten calcular los coeficientes de difusion del cripton en los polimeros. Al parecer, los enlaces de reticulacion del polimero impiden la difusion. (author) [Russian] Kripton-85, kotoryj yavlyaetsya dolgozhivushchim beta-izluchatelem i predstavlyaet soboj neznachitel'nuyu biologicheskuyu opasnost', daet vazhnye preimushchestva pri ego promyshlennom ispol'zovanii. No izgotovlenie ego istochnikov yavlyaetsya trudnym delom, tak kak ehtot ehlement nakhoditsya v gazoobraznom sostoyanii i ego nel'zya fiksirovat' khimicheskim putem. Avtory izlagayut metod fiksatsii kriptona v makromolekulyarnoj matritse, obrazovannoj polimerizatsiej zhidkogo monomera, soderzhashchego kripton, i opisyvayut izgotovlenie dvukh tipov istochnikov, prigotovlennykh po ehtomu printsipu: odin zaklyuchen v polistirol, a drugoj - v polivinilovyj atsetat. Poluchennye takim obrazom istochniki ispuskayut kripton, i ikh aktivnost' umen'shaetsya v den' na 8 % dlya pervogo i na 3 % dlya vtorogo. EHti zametnye umen'sheniya dayut vozmozhnost' vychislit' koehffitsienty diffuzii kriptona v ztikh polimerakh. EHtoj diffuzii, po-vidimomu, prepyatstvuyut poperechnye svyazi, sushchestvuyushchie v polimere. (author)

  7. Šport in humanistika

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jože Vogrinc

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available O tem, ali je šport »neresen« pojav ali pojav, ki razkriva bistvene razsežnosti tistega, za kar človeku gre, se pogledi razhajajo. Glede na to, da so humanistične študije športa vsaj na prvi pogled nekje na obrobju ved, ki jih združuje Filozofska fakulteta, bi morda veljalo, da ga ne moremo primerjati z globoko resnimi temami, zlasti pa ne z najnovejšimi resnimi zahtevami, ki jih družba postavlja univerzi in znanostim: pripomoči k višji donosnosti in poslovnosti podjetništva ter ohranjati tradicijo in krepiti življenjsko moč naroda. Pa se že pri tem izkaže, da športa ne gre preveč zapostavljati; po eni strani je že nekaj desetletij, kar je postal izjemno kapitalsko zanimivo in donosno področje, v katero podjetniki bodisi vlagajo, da bi dosegali dobičke, bodisi ga podpirajo, da bi z njegovo pomočjo svoje blago povzdignili v simbol pravilno naravnanega načina življenja; po drugi strani pa je tradicija nacionalne pomembnosti vrhunskih športnih izidov in dosežkov le nekaj krajša od drugih načinov mednarodnega uveljavljanja naroda, pomen športnih dosežkov za dokazovanje življenjske moči naroda pa se lahko kosa s pomenom lestvic, kakršne izdajajo mednarodne finančne ustanove o državah, ali lestvic, na katerih najdemo univerze, razvrščene po njihovi pedagoški in znanstveni moči. Pomembnost športa pa podčrtavajo tudi tisti, ki ga ostro kritizirajo in njegovo sodobno vrhunsko različico odklanjajo kot obliko alienacije, manipulacije in ideologije, saj prav športni spektakularizaciji pripisujejo najvišjo napetost, največji pomen in najotipljivejšo moč nad ljudmi, ki bi se morali bojevati za spremembo svojega družbenega položaja in prevrat v vsej družbeni strukturi, pa jih razvedrila, med katerimi ima šport posebej visoko mesto, uspavajo in pomirjajo prav s tem, da njihovo napetost sproščajo v nenevaren odliv socialne energije. Tega kritičnega vidika sodobnega športa ne kaže omejiti zgolj na vrhunski

  8. Dispersions of Oxides in Oxide Matrices as High-Temperature Reactor Fuels; Dispersions d'oxyde dans des matrices d'oxyde, utilisees comme combustibles dans des reacteurs a haute temperature; Dispersiya okisej v okislovykh matritsakh v kachestve topliva dlya vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora; Empleo de dispersiones de oxidos en matrices de oxidos, como combustibles para reactores de elevada temperatura

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Williams, J. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell (United Kingdom)

    1963-11-15

    delyashchikhsya veshchestv/vosproizvodyashchikh materialov, dlya ikh pokrytiya i dlya ikh vklyucheniya v matritsy bol'shoj plotnosti imeetsya bol'shoe raznoobrazie metodov. Rabota po vyrabotke tekhnologicheskikh protsessov izgotovleniya v laboratornom masshtabe uzhe dostatochno podvinulas'. (author)

  9. Distribution and removal of transuranic elements and cerium deposited by the inhalation route; Distribution et elimination des transuraniens et du cerium deposes par l'intermediaire des voies respiratoires; Raspredelenie transuranovykh ehlementov i tseriya, otkladyvayushchikhsya v rezul'tate vdykhaniya i ikh udalenie; Distribucion y eliminacion de elementos transuranicos y de cerio depositados por inhalacion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bair, W. J.; Tombropoulos, E. G.; Park, J. F. [Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General Electric Company, Richland, WA (United States)

    1963-02-15

    Tissue distribution and excretion of inhaled radioactive isotopes varied with the chemical form and the particle size of the aerosols. In dogs, 30 d after inhalation of plutonium nitrate, 70% of the body burden was in the lungs, 10% in liver, and 15% in the skeleton. After inhalation of P{sup 239} O{sub 2} aerosols with a Count Median Diameter (CMD) of 0.12{mu}m, 71% of the body burden was in the lungs, 3% in the bronchial lymph nodes, 4.4% in muscle, 1.3% in skeleton, and 20% was uniformly distributed throughout all remaining tissues. After inhalation of P{sup 239} O{sub 2} aerosols with CMD's of 0.3 to 0.6 {mu}m; the lungs contained 98%, the bronchial lymph nodes about 1% and all other tissues the remaining one per cent. These data and the analysis of urine and faeces defined the relative importance of the three routes by which inhaled radioactive isotopes were cleared from the lung, e.g. movement up the trachea by ciliary action followed by excretion in the faeces, transport across the alveolar membrane and redistribution in other tissue with gradual excretion in urine and transport to the bronchial lymph nodes which accumulate inhaled insoluble materials. Therapy agents were tested that would be expected to increase the clearance of radioactive isotopes from the lung by routes which would avoid accumulation in other, perhaps more radiosensitive tissues. These include chelating agents, wetting agents, irritants, sympathomimetic, parasympathomimetic, parasympatholytic and antihistamine drugs. Diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), a chelating agent, administered by aerosols or intraperitoneally caused rapid transport of Ce{sup 144} -Pr{sup 144} from the lung and from the body via urinary excretion. One month after exposure to Ce{sup 144} O{sub 2} treated rats and dogs retained less than 10% of the Ce{sup 144} -Pr{sup 144} levels of untreated animals. (author) [French] La distribution dans les tissus et l'excretion des radioisotopes inhales varient selon la forme chimique et les dimensions des particules des aerosols. Chez les chiens, 30 jours apres inhalation de nitrate de plutonium, 70% de la charge corporelle se trouvaient dans les poumons, 10% dans le foie et 15% dans le squelette. Apres inhalation d'aerosols de {sup 239}PuO{sub 2} ayant un diametre moyen de 0,12 {mu}, 71% de la charge corporelle se trouvaient dans les poumons, 3% dans les ganglions lymphatiques des bronches, 4,4% dans les muscles et 1,3% dans le squelette, tandis que 20% etaient distribues d'une maniere uniforme dans tous les autres tissus. Apres inhalation d'aerosols de {sup 239}PuO{sub 2} ayant un diametre moyen compris entre 0,3 et 0,6 {mu}, 98% etaient contenus dans les poumons, 1% environ dans les ganglions lymphatiques des bronches et 1% dans tous les autres tissus. Ces donnees ainsi que l'analyse de l'urine et des feces ont permis de definir l'importance relative des trois voies par lesquelles les radioisotopes inhales etaient evacues des poumons : mouvement ascendant dans la trachee par action ciliaire suivie d'excretion dans les feces, transporta travers la membrane alveolaire avec redistribution dans d'autres tissus et excretion graduelle dans l'urine, transfert aux ganglions lymphatiques des bronches ou sont accumulees les matieres insolubles inhalees. On a etudie divers agents therapeutiques qui pourraient favoriser l'evacuation des radioisotopes contenus dans les poumons par des voies qui eviteraient leur accumulation dans d'autres tissus, peut-etre plus radiosensibles. Parmi ces agents, il convient de citer les agents de chelation et d' humidification, les irritants, les sympathicomimetiques, les parasympathicomimetiques, les parasympathicolytiques et les antihistamines. L'acide diethylene-triamine penta-acetique (agent de chelation) administre en aerosols ou par voie intraperitoneale a rapidement elim ine, par excretion urinaire, le {sup 144}Ce-{sup 144}Pr des poumons et de l'organisme tout entier. Un mois apres avoir ete exposes a {sup 144}CeO{sub 2}, des rats et des chiens retenaient moins de 10% des doses de {sup 144}Ce-{sup 144}Pr relevees chez des animaux non exposes. (author) [Spanish] La distribucion tisular y la excrecion de los isotopos radiactivos inhalados varian segun el estado qufmico y el tamafio de las particulas de los aerosoles. En estudios efectuados con perros, 30 dfas despues de la inhalacion de nitrato de plutonio, el 70% de la cantidad de sustancia radiactiva contenida en el organismo se deposita en los pulmones, el 10% en el hfgado y el 15% en el esqueleto. Despues de la inhalacion de aerosoles de {sup 239}PuO{sub 2}, con un diametro medio de particulas (DMP) de 0,12 {mu}, el 71% de la sustancia radi- activa contenida en el organismo se deposita en los pulmones, el 3% en los ganglios linfaticos bronquiales, el 4,4% en los musculos, el 1,3% en el esqueleto, en tanto que el 20% se distribuye uniformemente en los tejidos restantes. Despues de la inhalacion de aerosoles de {sup 239}PuO{sub 2} con un DMP de 0,3 a 0,6 {mu}, los pulmones contienen el 98%, los ganglios linfaticos bronquiales el 1%, aproximadamente, y los demas tejidos el 1% restante. Estos datos y los resultados del analisis de la orina y de las heces indican la importancia relativa de las tres vias de eliminacion de los isotopos radiactivos que se depositan por inhalacion en los pulmones, esto es, ascension por la traquea como resultado de la accion ciliar, seguida de excrecion por las heces, paso a traves de la membrana alveolar y redistribucion en otros tejidos con excrecion gradual por la orina y deposito en los ganglios linfaticos bronquiales que acumulan las sustancias inhaladas insolubles. Se han ensayado agentes terapeuticos que se juzgo favorecerian la eliminacion de los radioisotopos depositados en los pulmones por vias que impidiesen la acumulacion en otros tejidos, tal vez mas radiosensibles. Se han utilizado en particular agentes de quelacion, agentes humectantes, irritantes y preparados simpatomimeticos, parasimpatominmeticos, parasiinpatoliticos y antihistamfnicos. El agente de quelacion, acido dietilentriaminopentaacetico.administ'rado en forma de aerosol o por via intraperitoneal elimina rapidamente el {sup 144}Ce-{sup 144}Pr de los pulmones y del organismo por excrecion urinaria. Un mes despues de ser expuestos a la accion del {sup 144}CeO{sub 2}, las ratas y perros tratados retienen una cantidad de {sup 144}Ce-{sup 144}Pr inferior al 10% de la retenida por los animales no tratados. (author) [Russian] Raspredelenie v tkanyakh i vydelenie vdykhaemykh radioaktivnykh izotopov menyaetsya vmeste s khimicheskoj formoj i razmerom chastits aehrozolej. U sobak cherez tridtsat' dnej posle vdykhaniya 70% nitrata plutoniya bylo obnaruzheno v legkikh, 10% - v, pecheni i 15% - v kostyakh skeleta. Posle vdykhaniya aehrozolya P{sup 239} O{sub 2} s vyschityvaemym srednim diametrom chastits (VSD), ravnym 0,12 mikron, 71% ehtogo veshchestva v organizme bylo skontsentrirovano v legkikh, 3% - v bronkhial'nykh limfaticheskikh uzlakh, 4,4% - v myshtsakh, 1,3% - v kostyakh skeleta i 20% bylo ravnomerno raspredeleno v ostal'nykh tkanyakh. Posle vdykhaniya aehrozolya P{sup 239} O{sub 2} s VSD chastits v intervale 0,3 - 0,6 mikron v legkikh soderzhalos' 98% veshchestva, v bronkhial'nykh limfaticheskikh uzlakh - okolo 1% i v ostal'nykh tkanyakh - 1%. Ehti dannye i issledovaniya mochi i isprazhnenij ukazyvayut na otnositel'nuyu vazhnost' trekh putej, po kotorym vdykhaemye radioaktivnye izotopy vyvodilis' iz legkikh, a imenno cherez trakheyu v rezul'tate dvizheniya resnichen s posledueshchem vydeleniem s isprazhneniyami, cherez al'veolyarnuyu membranu i pereraspredelenie v drugikh lgkanyakh s postepennym vydeleniem s mochoj i, nakonets, putem peremeshcheniya v bronkhial'nye limfaticheskie uzly, kotorye nakoplyayut vdykhaemye nerastvorimye veshchestva. Byli oprobovany terapevticheskie sredstva, kotorye, kak mozhno bylo ozhidat', povyshayut ochishchenie legkikh ot radioaktivnykh izotopov takimi putyami, pri kotorykh mozhno bylo by izbezhat'nakopleniya v drugikh, veroyatno, bolee radiochuvstvitel'nykh tkanyakh. Syuda vklyuchayutsya kompleksoobrazuyushchie reagenty, veshchestva, uvelichivayushchie sekretsiyu s,lizi, razdrazhayushchie, simpatomimeticheskie, parasimpatomimeticheskie, para-simpatoliticheskie i antigistaminnye preparaty. Diehtilentriaminopentauksusnaya kislota (DTPK), kompleksoobrazuyushchee veshchestvo, vvodimoe v vide aehrozolya ili vnutribryupshnno, vyzyvalo bystroe vyvedenie Ce{sup 144} -Pr{sup 144} iz legkikh i iz organizma s mochoj. U krys i sobak, poluchavshikh DTPK, cherez mesyats posle vvedeniya Ce{sup 144}O{sub 2} v organizme ostavalos' men'she 10% ot urovnya Ce{sup 144} -Pr{sup 144} u kontrol'nykh zhivotnykh, ne poduchavshikh DTPK. (author)

  10. Treatment of radiostrontium uptake in man; Traitement de la fixation de radiostrontium chez l'homme; Lechenie posledstvij pogloshcheniya radioaktivnogo strontsiya u cheloveka; Tratamiento de la radiotoxemla humana causada por absorcion de radioestroncio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Volf, V. [Department of Ionizing Radiation Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Disease, Prague, CSSR (Czech Republic)

    1963-02-15

    lecheniya proveryalas' v ehksperimente na krysakh v tekh zhe usloviyakh, kotorye imeli mesto vo vremya intsidenta. Pozdnee byli issledovany neskol'ko rakovykh bol'nykh s tsel'yu izucheniya dal'nejshikh vozmozhnostej okazaniya pervoj pomoshchi pri ostrom vnutrennem otravlenii radiostrontsiem u cheloveka. (author)

  11. Radioactive thickness gauge; Jauge d'epaisseur radioactive; Radioaktivnyj tolshchinomer; Calibrador radiactivo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guizerix, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, Grenoble (France)

    1962-01-15

    traves del material que se desea medir y luego una fuente testigo de la misma naturaleza; la separacion de las radiaciones en el tiempo se efectua con ayuda de un obturador absorbente, con sectores llenos y huecos alternados. Despues del tubo fotomultiplicador se separan las corrientes que corresponden a cada una de las fuentes mediante un detector sincronizado con el movimiento de rotacion del obturador. A continuacion, se obtiene el cociente de ambas con ayuda de un potenciometro registrador de tipo clasico. Gracias a este montaje, el valor medio de la respuesta, que es del tipo G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2}), no resulta afectado por el decrecimiento de las fuentes radiactivas; ademas, las variaciones de la alta tension, de la temperatura o de las propiedades del aire en el intervalo comprendido entre la fuente y el detector solo ejercen una reducida influencia sobre el valor obtenido. El autor expone las caracteristicas de funcionamiento de este calibrador. (author) [Russian] Avtor opisyvaet tolshchinomer, v kotorom stsintillyatsionnyj kristall-detektor poperemenno ''prosmatrivaet'' radioaktivnyj istochnik cherez izmeryaemyj material, a zatem sravnitel'nyj istochnik takogo zhe kharaktera; razdelenie izluchenij osushchestvlyaetsya inogda pri pomoshchi zaslonki segmentnogo poglotitelya poperemenno polnogo i pologo. Toki, sootvetstvuyushchie oboim istochnikam, razdelyayutsya posle trubki fotoumnozhitelya sinkhronnym detektorom pri pomoshchi vrashcheniya zaslonki. Zatem vychislyayut koehffitsient ehtikh oboikh tokov s pomoshch'yu obychnogo kontrol'nogo potentsiometra. Iz ehtogo polozheniya vytekaet, chto srednee znachenie otveta, kotoroe sleduet iz formuly G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2}) ne uchityvaetsya pri raspade radioaktivnykh istochnikov i chto ono malo chuvstvitel'no k izmeneniyam vysokogo napryazheniya, temperatury ili atmosfernykh svojstv, imeyushchikh mesto v promezhutke mezhdu istochnikom i detektorom. Privodyatsya rezul'taty ehtogo izmeritelya. (author)

  12. Application of Tritiated Compounds to the Midge Chironomus and some Aspects of the Metabolism of Salivary Gland Chromosomes; Emploi de Composes Trities pour l'Etude du Chironome et de Certains Aspects du Metabolisme des Chromosomes des Glandes Salivaires; 041f 0440 0438 043c 0414 ; Aplicacion de Compuestos Tritiados a la Mosca Cbironomus y Algunos Aspectos del Metabolismo en los Cromosomas de las Glandulas Salivares

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pelling, C. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Biologie, Tuebingen, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1962-02-15

    vysokoj stepen'ju razdelenija. Sintez DNK (timidin), sintez RNK (uridin) i proteinovyj sintez v kletke mozhno prosledit' putem opredelenija vremeni i priblizitel'- nogo kolichestva pogloshhenija. V protivopolozhnost' proteinovomu sintezu sintez-DNK i sintez RNK javlja- jutsja ogranichennymi dlja hromosom. Sushhestvennaja fiziologicheskaja aktivnost' hromosom, vidimo, predstavlena sintezom RNK, kotoryj imeet mesto pri opre- delennyh otchetlivyh mestopolozhenijah (nukleoljarnye obrazovateli, kol'ca 'Balbiani' odutlovatosti i drugie hromosomye svjazi). I doklade rassmatrivajutsja nekotorye osobennosti sinteza NIK. (author)

  13. Treatment of solutions of fission products - Separation of caesium-137; Traitement des solutions de produits de fission - Separation du cesium-137; Obrabotka rastvorov produktov deleniya - Razdelenie tseziya-137; Tratamiento de soluciones de productos de fision - Separacion del cesio-137

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stiennon-Bovy, R [Centre d' Etude de l' Energie Nucleaire, Mol (Belgium); Gvion, R [Commission Israelienne de l' Energie Atomique, Tel-Aviv (Israel)

    1962-01-15

    nichtozhno malym dlya ikh rastvorov. Izuchaetsya zakhvat tseziya ionom ammiaka. Preimushchestvami predlagaemogo sposoba yavlyayutsya: vysokaya stepen' dezaktivatsii tseziya, prostota operativnogo sposoba s legkoj retsirkulyatsiej reaktiva, vysokij vykhod izvlecheniya tseziya i dipikrilamina, znachitel'naya kontsentratsiya aktivnosti tseziya, provedenie ehtogo sposoba pri komnatnoj temperature, vozmozhnost' ehkspluatatsii pri nepreryvnom rezhime. Izvlechenie tseziya ehtim sposobom mozhet osushchestvlyat'sya do udaleniya nekotorykh produktov deleniya. (author)

  14. Indium-Gallium Radiation Contour of the IRT Nuclear Reactor; Circuit d'activation d'indium-gallium dans le reacteur nucleaire IRT; Indij-gallievyj radiatsionnyj kontur yadernogo reaktora IRT; Circuito de radiaciones de indio-galio del reactor IRT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Breger, A K; Ryabukin, Y S; Tulkes, S G; Volkov, E N

    1960-07-15

    -industrielles. (author) [Spanish] Basandose en un trabajo teorico ya publicado, se preparo en el reactor IRT un circuito de radiaciones de indio-galio que constituye una nueva fuente de rayos gamma de elevada intensidad. El primer circuito de este tipo ''RK-1'' se construyo para el reactor IRT en el Instituto de Fisica de la Academia de Ciencias de la Republica Socialista Sovietica de Georgia. Este trabajo estudia los puntos siguientes: calculo de la activacion de la desintegracion del conjunto indio-galio; estructura del circuito RK-1 y su disposicion en el tanque del reactor y en la camara activa; dispositivo de admision de las sustancias liquidas y gaseosas en la zona de la irradiacion; transportador de las sustancias solidas sometidas a irradiacion. En el reactor IRT, cuya potencia es de 2 000 kW, la intensidad de irradiacion del circuito es igual a la de una fuente de radiacion gamma equivalente a 20 000 g de radio. En el trabajo se estudian las posibilidades de utilizacion de este circuito con fines semi-industriales y de investigacion. (author) [Russian] Osnovyvayas' na uzhe opublikovannoj teoreticheskoj rabote, byl podgotovlen indij-gallievyj radiatsionnyj kontur yadernogo reaktora IRT, kotoryj yavlyaetsya novym moshchnym istochnikom gamma-oblucheniya . Pervyj kontur ehtogo tipa RK-1 byl podgotovlen na reaktore IRT v Institute fiziki Akademii nauk Gruzinskoj SSR. V doklade dayutsya raschety aktivizatsij dlya indij-gallievogo splava, strukturnye kompanovki RK-1 i ikh raspolozhenie v bake reaktora i goryachej kamere, ustrojstvo podachi zhidkikh i gazoobraznykh veshchestv v zonu oblucheniya i konvejer dlya tverdykh veshchestv, kotorye podlezhat oblucheniyu. V reaktore IRT moshchnost'yu 2000 kW moshchnost' oblucheniya kontura ehkvivalentna moshchnosti oblucheniya gamma-izluchatelya, obladayushchego aktivnost'yu v 20000 g ehkv. radiya. V doklade obsuzhdayutsya perspektivy ispol'zovaniya indij-gallievogo radiatsionnogo kontura dlya issledovatel'skikh i polupromyshlennykh tselej

  15. Properties of silicium n-i-p junctions - application to the detection of relativist particles; Propriete des jonctions nip de silicium - Application a la detection des particules relativistes; Svojstva perekhoda p-i-n v kremnii - primenenie k obnaruzheniyu relyativistskikh chastits; Propiedades de estructuras nip de silicio - Aplicacion a la deteccion de particulas relativistas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koch, L; Messier, J; Valin, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1962-04-15

    . (author) [Spanish] Los autores describen la experiencia adquirida en el CENS, en lo que se refiere a la deteccion de particulas nucleares por medio de semiconductores. Han estudiado especialmente cierto tipo de detector, de estructura pin. Suponiendo que se trabaje con materiales de igual pureza inicial, este dispositivo presenta, con respecto a los aparatos de estructura corriente pn o npp{sup +}, la ventaja de poseer un mayor volumen sensible. En efecto: a) a igual diferencia de potencial aplicada al cristal, el espesor total de las barreras es mayor; b) a igualdad de la corriente inversa, la maxima diferencia de potencial que admiten es mayor; c) siendo iguales todas las demas condiciones, su capacidad por unidad de superficie es menor y la maxima superficie admisible es, pues, mas elevada. Los autores describen detalladamente ciertos procedimientos que permiten obtener estructuras pin en el silicio, con un espesor de zona intermedia que alcanza a 1 mm. Finalmente, describen algunas aplicaciones de estos detectores, tales como la espectroscopia {alpha} y {gamma}, y la medida de dE/dX en el caso de las particulas relativistas. (author) [Russian] V dannoj rabote govoritsya ob opyte, provedennom v TSentre yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle, v oblasti obnaruzheniya yadernykh chastits s pomoshch'yu poluprovodnikov. V chastnosti, izuchalsya tip detektora s perekhodom p-i-n. Po sravneniyu s obychnymi perekhodami p-n ili npp{sup +} i pri uslovii ravnoj chistoty iskhodnogo materiala, ehtot perekhod imeet preimushchestvo, zaklyuchayushcheesya v bolee vysokoj chuvstvitel'nosti ; dejstvitel'no: 1) pri ravnoj raznosti potentsialov, prilozhennoj k kristallu, samym vazhnym yavlyaetsya obshchaya tolshchina bar'erov; 2) pri ravnom obratnom toke maksimal'naya raznost' potentsialov, kotoruyu oni vyderzhivayut, bolee vysoka; 3) pri drugikh ravnykh velichinakh ikh emkost' na edinitsu poverkhnosti nizhe, a maksimal'no dopustimaya poverkhnost' vyshe. V rabote podrobno opisyvayutsya nekotorye

  16. Measurements of Void Effects in the Zero-Power Critical Facility NORA; Mesures de l'Effet Cavitaire dans l'Ensemble Critique NORA de Puissance Zero; Izmerenie vliyaniya pustot v kriticheskoj ustanovke nulevoj moshchnosti NORA; DeterminaciOn de los Efectos de CavitaciOn en el Conjunto Critico NORA de Potencia Nula

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bryhn-Ingebrigtsen, K.; Eriksen, V. O.; Schatvet, J.; Ukkestad, A.; Wood, J. I.; Ofjord, K. [Kjeller Research Establishment (Norway)

    1964-02-15

    gruppami sterzhnej provedeny staticheski. Daetsya opisanie ehksperimental'nykh metodov vmeste s primerami ikh primeneniya dlya izmereniya vliyaniya pustoty edinichnogo sterzhnya, vzaimodejstviya sterzhnej s pustotami i vliyaniya polnost'yu pustotnoj aktivnoj zony. (author)

  17. Radioisotope Power Sources; Sources d'energie utilisant les radiobotopes; Radioizotopnye istochniki ehnergii; Fuentes radio isotopicas de energia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Culwell, J. P. [USAEC, Washington, D.C (United States)

    1963-11-15

    , obychno ispuskayut al'fa- ili beta-luchi. Al'fa-izluchateli kak toplivo predstavlyayut bol'shuyu tsennost', no oni stoyat doroge i v to zhe vremya menee dostupny, chem beta-izluchateli, poehtomu ikh, kak pravilo, ispol'zuyut dlya kosmicheskikh zadach. Beta-goryuchee, vydelennoe iz otkhodov reaktora, v nastoyashchee vremya primenyaetsya isklyuchitel'no dlya nazemnykh ili morskikh tselej. Odnako sleduet ozhidat', chto takie beta-izluchateli, kak strontsij-90, v kontse kontsov budut primenyat'sya i v kosmose. V nastoyashchee vremya vedutsya issledovatel'skie raboty s generatorami, v kotorykh v kachestve goryuchego budut primenyat' smeshannye produkty deleniya. Ehto goryuchee budet deshevle, chem chistye radioizotopy, poskol'ku sokratyatsya zatraty na razdelenie izotopov i na ikh ochistku. Prototipom termoehlektri- cheskikh generatorov, pitaemykh strontsiem-90 i tseziem-137, yavlyayutsya uzhe funktsionirujte ili razrabatyvaemye generatory na meteorologicheskikh stantsiyakh, v navigatsii i v glubokovodnykh ustrojstvakh obnaruzheniya. Termoehlektricheskim generatorom, rabotayushchim na plutonii-238, osnashchen iskustvennyj sputnik ''Tranzit'', razrabotannyj voennomorskim vedomstvom SSHA. Razrabatyvayutsya generatory dlya ispol'zovaniya v kosmose Upravleniem po natsional'noj aehronavtike i issledovaniyu kosmicheskogo prostranstva. Vysokaya aktivnost' radioizotopnykh istochnikov ehnergii trebuet, chtoby voprosam bezopasnosti bylo udeleno osoboe vnimanie. Sleduet ustanovit' strogij kontrol' za soblyudeniem tekhniki bezopasnosti i provesti ryad shirokikh ispytanij, chtoby udostoverit'sya, chto radioaktivnye sistemy mogut funktsionirovat', ne nanosya ushcherba okruzhayushchim. (author)

  18. Integral physics data for fast-reactor design; Donnees de physique integrale intervenant dans les etudes de reacteur a neutrons rapides; Integral'nye fizicheskie dannye dlya raschetov reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh; Datos fisicos integrales para el diseno de reactores rapidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loewenstein, W B; Meneghetti, D [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

    1962-03-15

    subcriticos, de las diversas magnitudes fisicas que presentan interes practico u/o teorico. Esas magnitudes fisicas caracterizan al sistema y permiten comprenderlo. Las mediciones mencionadas se refieren a la masa critica, el factor de forma del cuerpo, las razones de deteccion, los espectros neutronicos, los experimentos de sustitucion de materiales, la economia del reflector, la vida de los neutrones, el {alpha} de Rossi y otras magnitudes analogas. Los autores examinan estos datos y definen su campo de aplicacion. Demuestran que existen limites de validez para los resultados experimentales y analiticos en ciertos estudios espectrales y de criticidad. Proponen algunas investigaciones experimentales y analiticas que podrian constituir el objeto de futuros trabajos y que contribuirian a colmar la laguna entre la teoria y la experimentacion en los sistemas 'conocidos'. Al mismo tiempo, entre dichas investigaciones sugeridas se incluyen algunas tendientes a asentar sobre bases mas firmes la fisica de los modelos de reactores de potencia reproductores rapidos. (author) [Russian] Dlya sostavlennogo nedavno razdela o fizike reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh, kotoryj dolzhen vojti v vypuskaemoe vtoroe izdanie 'Postoyannye fiziki reaktorov', potrebovalos' sobrat' material po imeyushchimsya ehksperimental'ny m integral'nym dannym. Pri vklyuchenii v sostavlennyj razdel integral'nykh dannykh o fizike reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh, pomimo fakta ikh nalichiya, za osnovu byli vzyaty dva kriteriya: 1. ehti dannye polucheny iz otnositel'no prostykh sistem, kotorye pozvolyayut provodit' prostye teoreticheskie analizy; 2. slozhnye sistemy, kotorye yavlyayutsya prototipami ili modelyami, predstavlyayut osnovnoj interes dlya ehnergeticheskikh bystrykh reaktorov. Pervyj kriterij byl prinyat dlya togo, chtoby dat' perechen' integral'nykh dannykh takikh sistem, imeyushchikh ochen' obshchee primenenie dlya proverki parametrov secheniya i metodov raschetov. Vtoroj kriterij daet imeyushchiesya

  19. An Appraisal of Analytical Methods for Plutonium and their Applications to the Analysis of Nuclear Materials; Evaluation des Methodes Analytiques de Dosage du Plutonium et de Leur Application a l'Analyse des Matieres Nucleaires; Otsenka analiticheskikh metodov opredeleniya plutoniya i ikh primenenie dlya analiza yadernykh materialov; Metodos Analiticos de Determinacion del Plutonio y su Empleo en el Analisis de Materiales Nucleares

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Milner, G. W.C.; Phillips, G. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks. (United Kingdom)

    1966-02-15

    A variety of methods is available for the determination of the plutonium content of nuclear materials. For milligram amounts of plutonium the available methods include differential spectrophotometry using the colour of Pu (III), gravimetry based on PuO{sub 2} gamma counting, and redox methods including potentiometric and amperometric titrations and controlled-potential coulometry. Alpha counting, isotopic dilution, and polarographic methods are suitable for microgram amounts. Some methods are more suitable than others for certain types of sample and the analyst is faced with difficult selection problems to achieve the best results. The advantages and limitations of the above methods are described in the light of a varied experience with them over many years at AERE, together with comments on accuracy, precision, sensitivity and features of special interest. Some of the methods cannot be applied without some separation of the plutonium from other sample constituents, and comments are made from experience in the use of anion exchange and reverse-phase chromatographic techniques for this with emphasis on their suitability for radioactive samples. Consideration is given to the many problems that have arisen in the successful application of these methods to the analysis of plutonium alloys, ceramics and cermets in various systems containing uranium, thorium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, cerium and cobalt. Difficulties occurring in the dissolution of samples and in the adjustment of the plutonium to the required valency state are described. The respective merits of dissolving in mixtures of common mineral acids and with the aid of fusion techniques are commented upon with examples. Outlines of procedures, together with analytical results for typical samples, are given for the analysis of Pu-U, Pu-Ce-Co and Pu-U-Mo alloys, Pu-U oxides and carbides, and Pu-U carbide cermets with Fe, Mo and Cr. These materials have arisen from metallurgical research and development programmes for new nuclear fuels. (author) [French] Il existe plusieurs methodes de dosage de la teneur en plutonium des matieres nucleaires. Pour les quantites de l'ordre du milligramme, les methodes utilisables sont la spectro- photometiie differentielle fondee sur la couleur de Pu (III), la gravimetrie fondee sur PuO{sub 2}, le comptage gamma et les methodes de reduction/oxydation comprenant les titrages poientiometriques et amperemetriques et la coulombmetrie a potentiel constant. Pour les quantites de Tordre du microgramme, le comptage alpha, la dilution isotopique et les methodes polarigraphiques sont a utiliser. Certaines methodes conviennent mieux que d'autres a des types determines d'echantillons et l'analyste soucieux d'obtenir les meilleurs resultats se heurte a un choix difficile. Les auteurs exposent les avantages et les inconvenients des methodes citees tels qu'ils se sont degages de l'experience acquise au cours des annees a l'Atomic Energy Research Establishment, et ils discutent l'exactitude, la precision, la sensibilite de ces methodes, et d'autres caracteristiques presentant un interet particulier. Certaines methodes ne peuvent etre utilisees si l'on n'a, dans une certaine mesure, separe le plutonium des autres constituants de l'echantillon et le memoire commente l'experience acquise avec l'echange d'anions et les procedes de chromatographie a phase inversee utilises a cette fin, en insistant surtout sur la mesure dans laquelle cette methode convient aux echantillons radioactifs. Les auteurs etudient en outre les nombreux problemes qui se sont poses lors de l'application (d'ailleurs couronnee de succes) de ces methodes a l'analyse des alliages de plutonium, des ceramiques et des cermets dans differentes combinaisons contenant de l'uranium, du thorium, du fer, du chrome, du molybdene, du cerium et du cobalt. Us exposent les difficultes de la dissolution des echantillons et de la reduction du plutonium a l'etat de valence voulu, ainsi que les avantages respectifs de la dissolution dans des melanges d'acides mineraux courants et de la dissolution faisant appel a des procedes de fusion, avec des exemples a l'appui. Les auteurs decrivent aussi les procedes utilises et les resultats obtenus, pour l'analyse des alliages Pu-U, Pu-Ce-Co et Pu-U-Mo, des oxydes et carbures de Pu-U, et des cermets de carbure de Pu-U contenant Fe, Mo et Cr. Ces matieres sont l'aboutissement de recherches metallurgiques destinees a mettre au point des combustibles nucleaires. (author) [Spanish] Para determinar el contenido de plutonio de los materiales nucleares existen diversos metodos. Si se trata de cantidades del orden del miligramo se pueden emplear la espectrofotometria diferencial por el color del Pu (III), la gravimetria basada en el PuO2{sub ,} si recuento gamma y metodos de oxidorreduccion como las valoraciones potenciometricas o amperimetricas y la culombiometria de potencial controlado. Si se trata de microgramos son preferibles el recuento alfa, la dilucion isotopica o las tecnicas polarograficas. Teniendo en cuenta que unos metodos son mas adecuados que otros para ciertos tipos de muestra, el analista tiene que resolver un dificil problema de seleccion a fin de obtener ios mejores resultados posibles. Los autores exponen las ventajas y las limitaciones puestas de manifiesto por los anos de experiencia en la A.E.R.E. y formulan observaciones acerca de la exactitud y la precision de los metodos, su sensibilidad y otras cuestiones de especial interes. Como algunos de esos metodos exigen la separacion previa del plutonio, los autores estudian el empleo de las tecnicas de intercambio anionico y de cromatografia en fase inversa, y en particular su conveniencia para el analisis de muestras radiactivas. Examinan los muchos problemas que han surgido al analizar por estos metodos, aleaciones, productos ceramicos y cermets de plutonio en diversos sistemas que contenian uranio, torio, hierro, cromo, molibdeno, cerio y cobalto. La memoria trata ademas de las dificultades que se encuentran al disolver las muestras y al llevar el plutonio al estado de valencia deseado. Comenta con ejemplos las ventajas y los inconvenientes de disolver las muestras en mezclas de acidos inorganicos corrientes o mediante tecnicas de fusion. Los autores exponen someramente los procedimientos de analisis y dan los resultados obtenidos con muestras tipicas de aleaciones de Pu-U, Pu-Ce-Co y Pu-U-Mo, oxidos y carburos de Pu-U, y cermets carburados de Pu-U con Fe, Mo y Cr. Estos materiales han ido surgiendo de los programas de investigacion metalurgica y de desarrollo de nuevos combustibles nucleares. (author) [Russian] Sushhestvujut razlichnye metody opredelenija soderzhanija plutonija v jadernyh materialah. Dlja opredelenija milligrammovyh kolichestv primenjajut metody, vkljuchaja differencial'nuju spektrofotometriju s ispol'zovaniem cve'a Pu(III), gravimetriju, osnovannuju na PUO{sub 2}, gamma-schet i metody okislenija-vosstanovlenija s potenciometricheskim i amperometricheskim titrovaniem i kontrol'no-potencial'noj ku- lonmetriej. Al'fa-schet, izotopnoe razbavlenie i poljarograficheskie metody vpolne prigodny dlja vychislenija mikrogrammovyh kolichestv. V svjazi s tem, chto nekotorye metody bolee prigodny po sravneniju s drugimi dlja nekotoryh obrazcov, lico, proizvodjashhee analiz, stalkivaetsja s trudnymi problemami vybora metoda dlja poluchenija nailuchshih rezul'tatov. Preimushhestva i nedostatki vysheukazannyh metodov opisyvajutsja v svete raznoobraznogo opyta, nakoplennogo pri rabote s nimi v techenie mnogih let v atomnom nauchno-issledovatel'skom centre v Harujelle, a takzhe izlagajutsja zamechanija o tochnosti, chetkosti, chuvstvitel'nosti i konstruktorskih osobennostjah, predstavljajushhih osobyj interes. Nekotorye metody nevozmozhno primenit' bez opredelennogo otdelenija plutonija ot drugih sostavnyh chastej obrazca. V svjazi s jetim izlagajutsja zamechanija na osnove opyta po ispol'zovaniju anionnogo obmena i hromatograficheskogo sposoba obratnoj fazy, prichem osoboe vnimanie obrashhaetsja na ih prigodnost' dlja radioaktivnyh obrazcov. Udeljaetsja vnimanie mnogim problemam, kotorye voznikajut pri uspeshnom primenenii jetih metodov dlja analiza splavov plutonija, keramiki i kermetov v razlichnyh sistemah, soderzhashhih uran, torij, zhelezo, hrom, molibden, cerij i kobal't. Opisyvajutsja trudnosti, voznikajushhie pri rastvorenii obrazcov i pri podgonke plutonija k trebuemomu sostojaniju valentnosti. V doklade na primerah kommentirujutsja sootvetstvujushhie preimushhestva rastvorenija v smesjah obychnyh mineral'nyh kislot s pomoshh'ju plavlenija. Izlagajutsja procedury s odnovremennym opisaniem analiticheskih rezul'tatov dlja tipichnyh obrazcov s cel'ju ispol'zovanija ih dlja analizov splavov Pu-U, Pu-Ce-Co i Pu-U-Mo, okisej i karbidov Pu-U karbidnyh kermetov Pu-U s dobavleniem Fe, M.o i Sg. Jeti materialy polucheny na osnove metallurgicheskih issledovanij i programmnyh razrabotok dlja novogo jadernogo topliva. (author)

  20. Chemical Production using Fission Fragments; Emploi des fragments de fission dans la production de substances chimiques; Ispol'zovanie produkto v raspada v khimicheskom proizvodstve; Empleo de los fragmentos de fision en la industria quimica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dawson, J K; Moseley, F [AERE, Harwell (United Kingdom)

    1960-07-15

    obsuzhdaetsya v svyazi s vyborom topliva dlya reaktora, prednaznachennogo dlya khimicheskogo proizvodstva, i opisyvayutsya ehksperimental'nye dannye nablyudeniya nad izmeneniyami khimicheskogo vozdejstviya produktov deleniya na puti ikh prokhozhdeniya pri obluchenii smesej azota i kisloroda. Privodyatsya novejshie rezul'taty otnositel'no vozdejstviya produktov deleniya na smesi gazov okisi ugleroda i vodoroda, a takzhe na vodyanye pary. Ni odna iz obsledovannykh do nastoyashchego vremeni sistem ne podaet bol'shikh nadezhd na perspektivnoe ispol'zovanie ehtogo metoda dlya khimicheskogo proizvodstva. (author)

  1. Radioactive rare earths from fallout for study of particle movement in the sea; Etude du mouvement des particules dans la mer a l'aide de terres rares radioactives provenant de retombees; Ispol'zovanie osazhdayushchikhsya pri vypadenii radioaktivnykh redkikh zemel' dlya issledovaniya dvizheniya chastits v more; Estudio del movimiento de las particulas en el mar con ayuda de tierras raras radiactivas procedentes de las precipitaciones

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sugihara, Thomas T [Clark University, Worcester, MA (United States); Bowen, Vaughan T [Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (United States)

    1962-01-15

    'interpreter les resultats de cette etude dans le cadre general de la geochimie marine des cations trivalente, et de mettre en evidence les aspects particuliers et l'utilite generale de cet essai d'utilisation des retombees comme indicateurs. (author) [Spanish] En el marco de un vasto estudio sobre la distribucion en el oceano Atlantico de los raclionuclidos de periodo largo procedentes de precipitaciones radiactivas, se han efectuado numerosas mediciones de la concentracion del cerio-144 y del promecio-147. Una comporacion de las variaciones horizontales y verticales de estas concentraciones con las concentraciones del estroncio-90, que fueron medidas al mismo tiempo, demuestra que las tierras rasas suelen abundar menos en las aguas superficiales que los nuclidos que se sabe son solubles. Esta observacion, unida al hecho de que se ha observado a menudo un enriquecimiento de las aguas profundas en tierras raras, permite afirmar que esos elementos experimentan un rapido transporte vertical al fijarse a particulas en vias de sedimentacion. Esta hipotesis es perfectamente compatible con el comportamiento ''radiocoloidal'' caracteristico de las tierras raras al pH del agua de mar. En la memoria se procura interpretar este estudio en el contexto de las propiedades generales de los cationes trivalentes en geoquimica marina; asimismo, se ponen de manifiesto los aspectos caracteristicos y la utilidad general de este ensayo de utilizacion de las precipitaciones como indicadores radiactivos. (author) [Russian] V kachestve chasti podrobnogo issledovaniya raspredeleniya dolgozhivushchikh radioizotopov, osevshikh pri vypadenii v Atlanticheskom okeane, bylo prodelano znachitel'noe chislo zamerov kontsentratsii tseriya-144 i prometiya-147. Sopostavlenie ehtikh kontsentratsij po mere ikh izmeneniya kak v gorizontal'nom, tak i v verti-kal'nom napravleniyakh s odnovremenno zamerennymi kontsentratsiyami strontsiya-90 pokazyvaet, chto redkie zemli nakhodyatsya obychno v men'shikh kolichestvakh na

  2. Os{sup 187}-isotope abundances in terrestrial and meteoritic osmium and an attempt to determine Re/Os-ages of iron meteorites; Anomalies dans l'abondance isotopique de l'osmium-187 dans l'osmium terrestre et meteoritique - Essai de determination de l'age des meteorites de fer au moyen du rapport Re/Os; Anomalii v rasprostranennosti izotopa osmiya-187 v zemnom i meteoritnom osmie i popytka opredeleniya vozrastov reniya/osmiya v zheleznykh meteoritakh; Anomalias en la abundancia isotopica del {sup 187}Os en el osmio terrestre y meteoritico. Ensayo para determinar la edad de los meteoritos de hierro por medio de la razon Re Os

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Herr, W; Hoffmeister, W; Langhoff, J [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemie (Otto-Hahn-Institut) Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany); Geiss, J; Hirt, B; Houtermans, F G [Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Bern (Switzerland)

    1962-01-15

    kolichestvakh. Tak kak opredelenie vozrasta ehtikh tel obychnymi metodami predstavlyaet ochen' bol'shie zatrudneniya, byl izuchen metod ispol'zovaniya reniya/osmiya. Iz nashikh issledovanij bylo vyvedeno preobladayushchee sootnoshenie mezhdu osmiem-187 i osmiem-186; obsuzhdaetsya ikh ''minimal'nyj vozrast''. EHtot vozrast izmenyaetsya v znachitel'nykh predelakh i veroyatno zaklyuchaetsya v intervale ot 3,7-109 do 5,6-109 let. (author)

  3. Pulse-form discrimination in organic scintillation crystals; Discrimination d'apres la forme de l'impulsion dans les cristaux organiques de scintillation; Diskriminatsiya formy impul'sov v organicheskikh stsintillyatsionnykh kristallakh; Discriminacion de la forma de los impulsos en los cristales de compuestos organicos para contadores de centelleo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Vries, L J; Udo, F [Instituut voor Kernphysisch Onderzoek, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

    1962-04-15

    ) [Spanish] Los autores presentan un circuito de discriminacion proton-electron basado en las diferencias de forma entre los impulsos de centelleo luminosos producidos por los protones y por los electrones, respectivamente, en los cristales de estilbeno. El circuito es estable y es capaz de distinguir los impulsos de protones de los electrones hasta con energias de protones de solamente 300 keV. El circuito discriminador, compuesto unicamente de elementos lineales, es sensible a errores inducidos por apilonamiento durante 0,1 {mu}s solamente, a partir de la llegada de un impulso. El circuito descrito se aplico en un espectrometro para neutrones de 1 a 30 MeV, basado en el retroceso de protones entre dos cristales de estilbeno. Se alcanzo un poder de resolucion de 10 por ciento, para una energia neutronica de 14 MeV, con un rendimiento de deteccion de 1,3 {center_dot} 10{sup -4}. Se podria usar un monitor neutronico basado tambien en un sistema de discriminacion lineal de la forma de los impulsos para medir una dosis neutronica igual al 10% de la dosis maxima admisible, en presencia de un flujo {gamma} cuatro veces mayor que la dosis maxima admisible. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsya kontur diskriminatsii protonov-ehlektronov, osnovannyj na raznitse formy stsintillyatsionnykh svetovykh impul'sov, navedennykh v stil'bene sootvetstvenno protonami i ehlektronami. EHtot kontur ustojchiv i otlichaet impul'sy protonov ot impul'sov ehlektronov dazhe pri padenii ehnergii protonov do 300 kehv. Diskriminiruyushchij kontur, sostoyashchij isklyuchitel'no iz linejnykh ehlementov, chuvstvitelen k obrazuyushchimsya iz-za nakopleniya oshibkam tol'ko v techenie 0,1 mikro-sekundy posle postupleniya impul'sa. Opisyvaemyj kontur byl ispol'zovan v spektrometre dlya nejtronov s ehnergiyami 1-30 mehv, osnovannom na otdache protonov mezhdu dvumya kristallami stil'bena. Pri ehnergii nejtronov v 14 mehv bylo polucheno ikh razreshenie s tochnost'yu do 10%, pri ehffektivnosti detektirovaniya v 1,3 x 10

  4. Preparation of C{sup 14}-labelled tetrazolium salts and tracer study of the tetrazene-formazan rearrangement; Preparation de sels de tetrazolium marques au carbone-14 et etude de la transposition tetrazene-formazan, au moyen d'indicateurs radioactifs; Izgotovlenie mechennykh C{sup 14} solej tetrazosoedinenij i issledovanie pri pomoshchi indikatorov peregruppirovok tetrazona-formazana; Preparacion de sales de tetrazolio marcadas con {sup 14}C y estudio de la transposicion tetraceno-formazan con ayuda de trazadores

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Marton, Joseph; Meisel, Julia [Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary); Gosztonyi, Thomas [Institute of Organic Chemical Technology, Technical University, Budapest (Hungary)

    1962-03-15

    etre isole dans des conditions appropriees. On a etudie cette transformation en utilisant du benzaldehyde-phenylhydrazone marque au carbone-14, et l'on a pu verifier ainsi qu'il s'agit d'une reaction intramoleculaire. (author) [Spanish] Partiendo del benzaldehido-(1-{sup 14}C), el autor ha sintetizado el TTC-(5-{sup 14}C), el NT-(5, 5'-di-{sup 14}C) (neotetrazolio) y el BT- (5, 5'-di-{sup 14}C) (azul de tetrazolio). Las sales de mono- o ditetrazolio se obtienen con buen rendimiento y se logran productos de elevada actividad especifica. El autor determino la pureza de las muestras por cromatografia sobre papel. En las sales de ditetrazolio encontro algunas impurezas, que consiguio determinar cuantitativamente; asimismo establecio algunas caracteristicas de sus estructuras. Por otra parte, elaboro un metodo para obtener sales de ditetrazolio marcadas con {sup 14}C de elevada pureza. En la sintesis del formazan, el precursor de la sal de tetrazolio, se obtiene un producto intermedio inestable cuya estructura es similar a la del tetraceno. Este compuesto sufre una rapida transposicion en medio alcalino para dar lugar al formazan. Es posible aislar el producto intermedio si se trabaja en condiciones adecuadas. El autor estudia la transposicion utilizando la fenilhidrazona del benzaldehido marcado con {sup 14}C, y ha podido comprobar que se trata de una reaccion intramolecular. (author) [Russian] Iskhodya iz benzal'degida - [1-C{sup 14}] udalos' izgotovit' [5-C{sup 14}]-TTC, [5,5'di-C{sup 14}]-NT (neoterazolij) [5,5'di-C{sup 14}]-BT (sinij tetrazolij). Vykhody kak dlya monotetrazoliya, tak i dlya ditetrazoliya dostatochno znachitel'ny i produkty mogut byt' polucheny s bol'shoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu. Stepen' chistoty obraztsov byla issledovana pri pomoshchi khromatograficheskoj bumagi. V solyakh ditetrazoliya bylo obnaruzheno nekotoroe kolichestvo primesej, chto pozvolilo vyvesti zaklyucheniya otnositel'no ikh struktury i kolichestva. Byl vyrabotan metod mechennykh C{sup 14

  5. Effect of {alpha}-Particle and X-Ray Irradiation on DNA Synthesis in Tissue Cultures; Effet de l'Irradiation par les Particules a et par les Rayons X sur la Synthese de l'ADN dans des Cultures de Tissus; 0412 043b 0438 044f 0414 ; Efectos de la Irradiacion con Particulas Alfa y con Rayos X sobre la Sintesis de ADN en Cultivos de Tejidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, C. L. [Department of Radiotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

    1962-02-15

    hipotesis de que el blanco representa la estructura tipo del ADN (o quiza del ADNP dado el elevado peso molecular en uno de los casos). Si los efectos descritos constituyen indices de los danos ocasionados a la estructura tipo del ADN (o del ADNP) durante la fase exponencial de la sintesis, los resultados 1), 2) y 3) serian los' corolarios logicos de este hecho. (author) [Russian] Daetsja opisanie vlijanija kak al'fa-chastic, tak i rentgenovskogo obluchenija na skorost' sinteza DNK v fibr.oblaste myshej v kletkah Hela v kul'tirovannoj tkani. Byla ispol'zovana tritirovannaja timidinom mikroavtografija s celbju opredelenija skorosti sinteza v odnom spoe kul'tivirovannoj tkani. Rezul'taty jeksperimentov pokazali, chto: 1. Na zhrakciju kletok v kulbtivirovannoj, sintezirujushhej DNK, ne vlijajut al'fa-chasticy i rentgenovskie luchi v teh dozah, kotorye ispol'zovanlis' pri jeksperimente. 2. Vlijanie kazhdogo tipa obluchenija zakljuchaetsja v umen'shenii skorosti sinteza DNK obluchennyh v processe sinteza kletok. 3. Vlijanie dannoj dozy ljubogo vida radiacii zakljuchaetsja v sokrashhenii sko- rosti sinteza vseh kletok do postojannoj frakcii, kotoraja imela mesto v neobluchennyh kletkah. 4. Skorost' sinteza DNK sokrashhaetsja do 37 % (1/e) s pomoshh'ju dozy sa. 25 al'fa//gg ili dozy rentgenovskih luchej moshhnost'ju v 14,000 rad dlja rosta fibroblasta u myshi. V kul'turah Hela dlja sokrashhenija skorosti sinteza DNK do 37 % pervonachal'nogo znachenija neobhodima doza sa. 90,000 rad. 5. Umen'shenie sinteza imeet mesto ne bolee chem polchasa posle obluchenija i mozhet projavit'sja nemedlenno. Iz punkta 4 vyshe mozhno pribliziteln'o podschitat' konfiguraciju misheni, i esli predpolozhit' ee cilindricheskoj, to ona dolzhna imet' razmery sa. 16 A v odnom napravpenii i 16 000 A-v drugom, t. e. dlinnuju tonkuju nit' s mole- kuljarnym vesom porjadka 5 * 10{sup 7} pri jeksperimentah s fibroblastom myshi. Pri provedenii jeksperimenta s kletkoj Hela ob{sup e}m soderzhimogo misheni pozvoljaet

  6. Operating Experience in Nuclear Power Plants with Boiling-Water Reactors; Experience acquise dans l'exploitation des reacteurs a eau bouillante; Opyt ehkspluatatsii kipyashchago reaktora; Experiencia adquirida con la explotacion de reactores de agua hirviente

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ascherl, R. J. [General Electric Company, San Jose, CA (United States)

    1963-10-15

    , ''Rejnish vestfalishes ehlektritsitetsverk und bajernverk'', Kal'-na-Majne, Zapadnaya Germaniya. Rabochaya kharakteristika kipyashchego reaktora atomnoj ehlektrostantsii pri obychnom rezhime raboty v kommunal'noj ehnergosisteme ochen' khoroshaya. Koehffitsient ispol'zovaniya i moshchnosti reaktora i ehlektrostantsii daet tverdoe osnovanie polagat', chto ehlektrostantsii s kipyashchimi reaktorami yavlyayutsya nadezhnymi s tochki zreniya ikh rabochej kharakteristiki. V techenie 1963 goda budut vvedeny v stroj chetyre dopolnitel'nye ehlektrostantsii s kipyashchimi reaktorami: atomnaya ehlektrostantsiya v Big Rok Pojnt, ''Kons'yumers pauehr kompani'', Sharl'vua, Michigan, atomnaya ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka v KHamboldt Bej, ''Pasifik gaz ehnd ehlektrik kompani'', Yurika, Kaliforniya, atomnaya ehlektrostantsiya v Garig'yano, Natsional'noe obshchestvo po atomnoj ehnergii, Skauri, Italiya,i Yaponskij demonstratsionnyj ehnergeticheskij reaktor. Yaponskij nauchno-issledovatel'skij institut po atomnoj ehnergii, Tokai-Mura, Yaponiya. Pusk i pervonachal'naya ehkspluatatsiya ehtikh ehlektrostantsij podtverzhdayut predpolozhenie o nadezhnosti ikh raboty, chto uzhe prodemonstrirovano atomnymi ehlektrostantsiyami v Drezdene, Kale i Vallesitose. Rabochaya kharakteristika atomnykh ehlektrostantsij v Drezdene, Kale i Vallesitose yavlyaetsya naglyadnym dokazatel'stvom stabil'nosti i bezopasnosti kipyashikh reaktorov. Krome togo, urovni radiatsii na samoj ehlektrostantsii i v okruzhayushchej srede znachitel'no nizhe predelov, ustanovlennykh litsenziyami na ehkspluatatsiyu. Podtverdilis' prostota i legkost' ehkspluatatsii kipyashchikh reaktorov. Kharakteristika kontrolya za nagruzkoj u kipyashchego reaktora s dvojnym tsiklom Drezdenskoj ehlektrostantsii okazalas' ochen' khoroshej. Krupnye i nebol'shie raboty po ukhodu i remontu mogut osushchestvlyat'sya obychnymi remontnymi gruppami bez vrednykh posledstvij ili bez limita vremeni, svyazannymi s soobrazheniyami radioaktivnogo oblucheniya. V

  7. Analyser for fast single events; Analyseur d'evenements rapides simples; Analizator bystrykh odnokratnykh yavlenij; Analizador de sucesos rapidos no recurrentes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sedlmeyer, J W; Patten, R B; Fussell, L Jr [Edgerton, Germeshausen And Grier, Inc., Las Vegas, NV (United States)

    1962-04-15

    otrezki dostigaetsya pri pomoshchi vremennogo selektornogo impul'sa i intervala vremeni mezhdu otborom obraztsov, prichem i tot i drugoj mogut regulirovat'sya nezavisimo drug ot druga, nachinaya priblizitel'no s 4 nanosekund. Intervaly vremeni mogut zadavat'sya v nelinejnom poryadke, a razbros mezhdu nimi ne prevyshaet 0,5 nanosekund. Do nastoyashchego vremeni skorost' otvetnoj reaktsii ogranichivaetsya kharakteristikami dioda. Kazhdoe otobrannoe napryazhenie rasshiryaetsya v konture, kotoryj sokhranyaet amplitudu ehtogo napryazheniya. Udalos' osushchestvit' rasshirenie po vremeni v 10{sup 8} raz s sokhraneniem khoroshej ustojchivosti. Tochki pokazanij mogut soobshchat'sya i peredavat'sya po otkrytomu provodu v nizkochastotnoe registriruyushchee ustrojstvo, oni mogut byt' prevrashcheny v tsifrovye dannye dlya bystroj ikh obrabotki s pomoshch'yu obychnogo oborudovaniya; krome togo, ili vmesto ehtogo, oni mogut byt' dany vizual'no. Analizator imeet preimushchestva po sravneniyu s vysokoskorostnoj ostsiloskopiej, kogda trebuetsya provodit' individual'nyj analiz bol'shogo chisla odnokratnykh perekhodyashchikh signalov; ehto trebuetsya pri izuchenii kolebanij otvetnykh reaktsij sistem ili pri proizvodstvennykh ispytaniyakh komponentov. Analizator imeet preimushchestva, kogda analiz dannykh dolzhen proizvodit'sya neposredstvenno za poyavleniem signala; otpadaet neobkhodimost' proyavlyat' plenki ili prochityvat' ikh. Analizator udoben takzhe v tekh sluchayakh, kogda schetno-analiziruyushchij tsentr raspolozhen daleko ot mesta poyavleniya signala. EHtot metod shiroko primenyaetsya v oblasti yadernoj ehnergii. Metod pul'siruyushchikh nejtronov mozhet byt' primenen dlya bystrogo izucheniya kolebanij rezhima reaktorov i podkriticheskikh sborok. Mogut byt' opredeleny parametry nakopleniya i raspada detektorov i odnovremenno provodit'sya analiz statisticheskikh dannykh i kolebanij. Mozhet izmeryat'sya forma impul'sov radiatsionnykh voln, proizvodimykh yadernymi uskoritelyami. S

  8. The Use of Ionizing Radiation as a Means of Processing Foodstuffs for Storage: Present Status and Future Prospects; Utilisation des Rayonnements Ionisants pour la Conservation de Produits Alimentaires: Situation Actuelle et Perspectives; Sostoyanie i perspektivy primeneniya ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij dlya obrabotki pishchevykh produktov v svyazi s ikh khraneniem; Estado Actual y Perspectivas del Empleo de las Radiaciones Ionizantes para la Conservacion de los Productos Alimenticios

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rogachev, V. I. [Vsesojuznyj Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Institut Konservnoj i Ovoshesushil' noj Promyshlennosti Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1966-11-15

    The use of ionizing radiation for processing foodstuffs is being studied in the USSR, particularly in connection with the following: (a) prevention of sprouting in potatoes and onions; (b) disinfestation of foodstuffs; (c) suppression of microbe activity; either sterilization or partial inhibition of microflora activity to prolong the shelf life of various foodstuffs; and (d) alterations in the ripening time of fruits and vegetables after picking and/or harvesting. The paper reports the status of work performed in the USSR during recent years on each of these general topics and the prospects for the practical application of irradiation to a number of products are considered. Among the products in question are meat and meat products (raw and cooked semi-finished products, sausage products), domestic poultry, various fruits and vegetables, potatoes, grain, dehydrated products (dried fruits and vegetables, dried food concentrates). Practical methods of irradiating potatoes and onions to prevent sprouting during storage have already been developed, and very soon it will be possible to use radiation for the disinfestation of foodstuffs on an industrial scale. (author) [French] Les etudes sur l'utilisation des rayonnements ionisants pour la conservation des produits alimentaires se poursuivent en URSS.dans les domaines suivants: a) prevention de la germination des pommes de terre et des oignons; b) desinsection des produits alimentaires; c) elimination de l'activite biologique des micro-organismes en vue de la sterilisation ou de l'elimination partielle de l'activite biologique de la microflore en vue de prolonger les delais de conservation de divers produits alimentaires; et d) modifications des delais de maturite apres recolte des fruits et legumes. Pour chacun de ces domaines, l'auteur indique l'etat des travaux effectues en URSS pendant ces dernieres annees et examine les perspectives d'utilisation des rayonnements pour un certain nombre de produits. Au nombre de ces produits figurent la viande et les preparations a base de viande (produits crus ou semi-prepares, charcuterie), volaille, divers fruits et legumes, pommes de terre, cereales, produits deshydrates (fruits et legumes seches, produits alimentaires secs concentres). Outre les methodes d'irradiation qui ont deja ete mises au point pour empecher la germination des pommes de terre et des oignons lors du stockage, il sera possible de recourir prochainement a l'irradiation pour la desinsection industrielle de produits alimentaires. (author) [Spanish] En la Union Sovietica se estudia el empleo de las radiaciones ionizantes para tratar los productos alimenticios con las siguientes finalidades: a) impedir la germinacion de las patatas y las cebollas: b) desinsectacion de los productos alimenticios; c) eliminacion de la actividad biologica de los microorganismos con miras a la esterilizacion o a la eliminacion parcial de la actividad biologica de la microflora para prolongar el tiempo de conservacion de diversos productos alimenticios; d) modificacion del tiempo de maduracion de los frutos y verduras despues de su recoleccion. En la memoria se expone el estado de los trabajos efectuados en la Union Sovietica en los ultimos anos y se examinan las perspectivas del empleo de las radiaciones para un cierto numero de productos. Entre estos figuran la carne y sus derivados (productos crudos y semipreparados, charcuteria), aves de corral, diversas frutas y verduras, patatas, cereales, productos deshidratados (frutas y verduras secas, productos alimenticios secos concentrados). Ademas de las tecnicas de irradiacion ya elaboradas para impedir la germinacion de las patatas y las cebollas durante su almacenamiento, podra recurrirse proximamente a la irradiacion para la desinsectacion industrial de productos alimenticios. (author) [Russian] Izuchenie primenenija ionizirujushhih izluchenij dlja obrabotki pishhevyh produktov provoditsja v SSSR v sledujushhih napravlenijah: a) predotvrashhenie prorastanija kartofelja i luka; b) dezinsekcija pishhevyh produktov; v) podavlenie zhiznedejatel'nosti mikroorganizmov dlja sterilizacii ili dlja chastichnogo podavlenija zhiznedejatel'nosti mikroorganizmov s cel'ju udlinenija srokov hranenija razlichnyh pishhevyh produktov; g) izmenenie srokov posleuborochnogo'sozrevanija plodov i ovoshhej. Po kazhdomu iz jetih napravlenij v doklade soobshhaetsja sostojanie rabot, vypolnennyh v SSSR za poslednie gody, rassmatrivajutsja perspektivy prakticheskogo primenenija obluchenija dlja rjada produktov. K chislu JeTIH Produktov OTNOSJaTSJa MJaSO I mjasoprodukty (syrye I kulinarno PODGOTOV7 lennye polufabrikaty, kolbasnye izdelija), bitaja domashnjaja ptica, raznoobraznye plody i ovoshhi, kartofel', zerno, obezvozhennye produkty (sushenye frukty i ovoshhi, pishhevye koncentrirovannye suhie produkty). Krome uzhe razrabotannyh dlja prakticheskogo ispol'zovanija sposobov obluchenija kartofelja i luka s cel'ju preduprezhdenija prorastanija pri hranenii, v blizhajshee vremja vozmozhno primenenie obluchenija dlja promyshlennoj dezinsekcii pishhevyh produktov. (author)

  9. Effect of Gamma Radiation on Polyethyl Acrylate; Effet des rayons gamma sur le polyethylacrylate; Dejstvie gamma-izlucheniya na akrilat poliehtila; Efectos de las radiaciones gamma sobre el poliacrilato de etilo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heyns, H; Desreux, V [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Liege (Belgium)

    1960-07-15

    molekulyarnym vesom v rastvore i tverdom sostoyanii. Ispol'zuemymi rastvoritelyam i yavlyayutsya benzol i chetyrekhkhloristyj uglerod; opyty proizvodilis ' pri obychnoj temperature bez vozdukha i pri nalichii vozdukha. Nikakogo posleduyushchego dejstviya vo vremya irradiatsii rastvorov zamecheno ne bylo. Pri obluchenii vozrastayushchim i dozami razzhizhzhennykh rastvorov, pri nalichii vozdukha, zamecheno, chto sobstvennaya vyazkost' i postoyannoe osazhdenie umen'shayutsya . Poluchennye rezul'taty mogut byt' istolkovany na osnove degradatsii. Pryamoj i kosvennyj ehffekty proportsional'n y doze i zavisyat ot rastvoritelya. Oba oni takzhe pryamoproportsional'n y pervonachal'nomu molekulyarnomu vesu polimera. Izuchaetsya vliyanie kisloroda ili ingibitora (zamedlitelya) . Obluchenie provodilos' takzhe v tverdom sostoyanii. Ono pokazalo, chto v ehtom sluchae nablyudaetsya poperechnaya svyaz', kak pri nalichii, tak i pri otsutstvii kisloroda. EHta poperechnaya svyaz' soprovozhdaetsya bolee ili menee vazhnoj degradatsiej, v zavisimosti ot sluchaya. Nakonets, opyty, provedennye nad kontsentrirovannymi rastvorami v chetyrekhkhloristom uglerode, pokazyvayut, chto v dannom sluchae imeet mesto sopernichestvo mezhdu degradatsiej i poperechnoj svyaz'yu. (author)

  10. Demountable 4 {pi} Geiger Counters for Standardization and the Assay of Low-Activity Samples; Compteurs 4 {pi} GM demontables pour l'etalonnage et l'essai d'echantillons de faible activite; S'emnye schetchiki Gejgera na 4 {pi} dlya standartizatsii i otsenki prob nizkoj aktivnosti; Condatores GM 4 {pi} para la normalizacion de patrones radiactivos con baja actividad

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Trott, N G; Bentley, R E; Burton, L K [Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, London, S. W. 3 (United Kingdom)

    1960-06-15

    propre, du premier. Construit en acier inoxidable, il a ete initialement concu pour l'essai de faibles activites dans les materiaux biologiques. Il peut cependant etre adapte a la mesure absolue de sources de faible niveau d'activite ( {<=} 100 cpm) car, avec une gaine de compteurs cosmiques en anticoincidence son mouvement propre s'abaisse jusqu'a 1-2 cpm. (author) [Spanish] Los autores dan cuenta de algunos perfeccionamiento s introducidos en la construccion de contadores Geiger-Mueller 4 {pi} y estudian las aplicaciones de estos aparatos en la medicion de patrones radiactivos utilizados en trabajos de radiologia. En los dos modelos de contadores Geiger-Mueller 4 {pi} que los autores describen los alambres anodicos pueden desmontarse facilmente, lo cual facilita su limpieza. Uno de los modelos de contadores se viene utilizando con exito desde hace varios anos para normalizar radionuclidos {beta}; se exponen algunos resultados de las comparaciones efectuadas con los patrones de otros laboratorios. Estos contadores tambien se han empleado, en combinacion con un dispositivo de ionizacion {gamma}, para determinar la emision {gamma} especifica (factor k) del Fe{sup 59}, Cs{sup 137} y Ir{sup 192}. El segundo modelo, de acero inoxidable, es una copia del primero, en menor escala; esta disenado para trabajar con bajas actividades ambiente y se destina principalmente a la determinacion cuantitativa de pequenas cantidades de substancias radiactivas contenidas en materiales biologicos. Tambien puede adaptarse para la medicion absoluta de fuentes radiactivas de bajo indice de recuento ({<=} 100 impulsos por minuto), pues si se le rodea de contadores de rayos cosmicos, montados en anticoincidencia , es posible estabilizar la actividad de fondo en 1 a 2 impulsos por minuto. (author) [Russian] Izlagayutsya nekotorye rezul'taty raboty po konstruirovani yu schetchikov Gejgera-Myuller a na 4 {pi}, a takzhe voprosa ikh ispol'zovaniya dlya izmereniya standartov radioaktivnost i v rabote s

  11. أصل وتطور البازیلیکا

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    د.عبدالرحیم ریحان برکات

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available تعتبر البازيليكا هى النموذج الأقدم كمكان عبادة للمسيحيين ومنها أخذت كل الأشكال المعمارية للكنائس حتى اليوم (1 ، والبازيليكا هى كلمة يونانيةBAΣIΛIKH فازيليكى وبالإنجليزية BASILIKA وكانت تطلق على مسكن الملك فى العصر الرومانى ، أما فى اليونان فى العصر الهلينستى فكانت تطلق على قاعة الاجتماعات الملكية ، كما أطلقت على حجرة العرش لقصر مرنبتاح فى ممفيس والقصور البطلمية فى مصر وظهر الإسم لأول مرة فى اللغة اللاتينية فى القرن الثانى قبل الميلاد ليطلق على الصالة العامة الكبيرة المكونة من بناء مغطى مفصول بواسطة بوائك مفتوحة (2. ويرى بتلر أن الكنيسة البازيليكية التخطيط بدأت بردهة مستطيلة انتهت فى الناحية الشرقية بحجرة صغيرة (الهيكل يتوسط ضلعها الشرقى تجويف صغير أطلق عليه شرقية الكنيسة ، ويفصل الهيكل عن الردهة المستطيلة عقد كبير (عقد الشرقية وقد أضيف لهذا التخطيط البسيط فيما بعد رواقيين جانبيين ، وحدثت إضافة ثالثة شملت مدخل الكنيسة ثم تطور الأمر بعد ذلك بوجود نوعين من البازيليكا الصغيرة والكبيرة تختلف حسب المضمون أو الهدف المشيد البناء من أجله (3 .

  12. 16-channel analyser with high time-resolution for multiple coincidence experiments; Selecteur a 16 canaux a temps de resolution eleve pour experiences de coincidences multiples; Ispol'zovanie shestiadtsatikanal'nogo analizatora s bol'shoj razreshayushchej sposobnost'yu po vremeni dlya opytov s mnogokratnymi sovpadeniyami; Analizador de 16 canales de elevado poder temporal de resolucion para experimentos de coincidencias multiples

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brandt, B; Cappeller, U [University of Marburg, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1962-04-15

    'empilement des impulsions. La largeur du canal est commandee par un amplificateur a fenetre, ajustable entre 1 V et 7 V. La hauteur du canal peut etre reglee entre 7 V et 103 V, de 0,5 V en 0,5 V. (author) [Spanish] En los experimentos de coincidencia lenta-rapida se cuentan generalmente sucesos cuya amplitud de impulso ha sido seleccionada por medio de analizadores de un solo canal. Resulta conveniente lograr que estas tecnicas permitan analizar simultaneamente las energias de varios impulsos, seleccionando sus amplitudes por medio de analizadores de canales multiples. Los analizadores que se emplean en los experimentos de coincidencia multiple deben informar sobre las amplitudes de los impulsos incidentes (ordenandolos en canales de amplitud) tras un intervalo de tiempo bien definido despues de establecido el impulso que se analiza. Se describe un analizador de amplitudes de impulso de 16 canales que permite generar una senal de amplitud de impulso 2,5 x 10{sup -6} s despues de establecido este, con un error inferior a 2 x 10{sup -8} s. El tiempo de resolucion es menor de 5 x 10{sup -6} s y esta controlado por un circuito inspector para evitar distorsiones debidas a la acumulacion de impulsos. La anchura del canal, controlada por un amplificador de ventana, es ajustable entre 1 y 7 V. La posicion del canal puede variarse entre 7 y 103 V a intervalos de 0,5 V. (author) [Russian] Pri obychnykh opytakh s medlennymi i bystrymi sovpadeniyami proizvoditsya otschet velichin, kotorye vybirayutsya po amplitude impul'sov pri pomoshchi odnokanal'nykh analizatorov. Predstavlyaetsya zhelatel'nym rasprostranit' ehti metody na odnovremennyj analiz ehnergii impul'sov, putem otbora impul'sov po amplitude pri pomoshchi mnogokanal'nykh analizatorov. Mnogokanal'nye analizatory, primenyaemye dlya proizvodstva takogo roda opytov s mnogokratnymi sovpadeniyami, dolzhny davat' svedeniya otnositel'no amplitudy postupayushchikh impul'sov (raspredelyaya ikh po amplitudnym kanalam) v tochno opredelennye

  13. Radioautography in the Study of Radioisotopically-Tagged Substances in Insect Control; L'autoradiographie dans l'etude de substances marquees au moy en de radioisotopes utilisees dans la lutte contre les insectes; Primenenie radioavtografii pri izuchenii substantsij, mechennykh radioizotopami, v bor'be s nasekomymi; La autorradiografia en el estudio de las sustancias marcadas con radioisotopos utilizadas en la lucha contra los insectos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Joftes, D. L. [New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

    1963-09-15

    histologicos corrientes. Un ligero desplazamiento ascendente del foco pone de relieve los detalles de la autorradiografia que, de este modo, se puede estudiar en relacion con el tejido. En la memoria se describen en detalle las tecnicas recomendadas y el sencillo equipo necesario, que suele encontrarse en todos los laboratorios. (author) [Russian] Pri otnositel'no nebol'shikh zatratakh truda bolee novye,uproshchenie metody radioavtografii obespechivayut bol'shuyu chuvstvitel'nost' i tochnost' na mikroskopicheskom urovne vo mnogikh fazakh issledovanij odnokratno i dvukhkratno mechennykh radioizotopami insektitsidov, naprimer pri issledovanii pogloshcheniya, peremeshcheniya, metabolizma i opredelenii ostatkov insektitsidov v rasteniyakh, u nasekomykh i tavotnykh. Fiziologiya i biokhimiya obluchennykh nasekomykh yavlyayutsya drugimi oblastyami primeneniya radioavtografii. Vozdejstvie oblucheniya, osobenno na generativnye organy, izuchaetsya s pomoshch'yu mechennogo tritiem timidina. V to vremya kak metody scheta dayut mnogo informatsii o nalichii i kolichestve radioizotopov, s pomoshch'yu radioavtografii mozhno poluchit' dannye o fakticheskikh mestakh ikh otlozheniya v tkanyakh ili dazhe v chastyakh kletok. Poluchenie takoj razreshayushchej sposobnosti vozmozhno na obychnykh postoyannykh gistologicheskikh preparatakh, v to vremya kak pri primenenii metodov scheta dlya polucheniya tochnogo rezul'tata trebuetsya razrushenie obraztsa. Standartnaya radioavtografiya osobenno udobna dlya proslezhivaniya malykh kolichestv izotopov, sostavlyayushchikh doli mikrokyuri, ochen' slabykh izluchatelej, takikh, kak radioaktivnyj uglerod (C{sup 14}) i tritij (H{sup 3}), togda kak dlya rabot s ochen' slabymi izluchatelyami s primeneniem metodov scheta trebuyutsya ochen' dorogie i slozhnye pribory. Metod ne imeet ogranichenij v otnoshenii izotopov, primenyaemykh dlya mecheniya, tak kak dazhe izlucheniya tritiya i C''1''4 budut fiksirovat'sya na yadernoj fotoehmul'sii. Dejstvitel'no, tritij i C''1

  14. The Application of Existing Oceanographic Knowledge to the Problem of Radioactive Waste Disposal into the Sea; Applicationdes Connaissances Oceanographiques Actuelles au Probleme de l'Elimination de Dechets Radioactifs dans la Mer; 0418 0421 041f 0414 ; Aplicacion de los Conocimientos Oceanograficos Actuales al Problema de la Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos en el Mar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pritchard, D. W. [Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)

    1960-07-01

    alta mar de resinas de intercambio ionico agotadas en cantidades del orden de varios centenares de curies sin crear riesgos innecesarios. En la tercera parte del trabajo, el autor describe sucintamente algunas investigaciones oceanograficas actualmente en curso en los Estados Unidos que pueden contribuir a la solucion del problema de la evacuacion de desechos radiactivos. (author) [Russian] Zapiska sostoit iz treh glavnyh razdelov. V pervom razdele razbiraetsja obshhij podhod ko vsej vazhnoj probleme udalenija radioaktivnyh materialov v more. Ukazany te rajony, gde trebuetsja znanie okeanografii, a takzhe daetsja obshhee ponjatie o sostojanii nashego znakomstva s jetimi rajonami v nastojashhee vremja. Vo vtorom razdele sushhestvujushhie okeanograficheskie znanija primenjajutsja k problemam udalenija othodov, vkljuchaja fizicheskie, himicheskie i biologicheskie aspekty. Pokazyvaetsja, chto na osnove sushhestvujushhih okeanograficheskih znanij mozhno udaljat' sravnitel'no bol'shie razmery (porjadka neskol'kih megakjuri v god) upakovannyh othodov v glubokovodnye vpadiny, ne ugrozhaja bezopasnosti cheloveka na more. Nizkoaktivnye upakovannye othody porjadka neskol'kih soten kjuri v god na odno mesto udalenija mogut bez opasnosti sbrasyvat'sja v kontinental'nom shel'fe. Bez kakogo-libo osobogo riska mozhno sbrasyvat' aktivnosti porjadka neskol'kih soten kjuri v ispol'zovannyh zapolniteljah ionoobmennikov jadernyh sudov. Rassmatrivajutsja special'nye aspekty jekspluatacii jadernyh sudov v pribrezhnyh i jestuarial'nyh vodah. V tret'em razdele zapiski daetsja kratkij obzor issledovatel'skoj dejatel'nosti v oblasti okeanografii, kotoraja vedetsja v nastojashhee vremja v Soedinennyh Shtatah primenitel'no k probleme udalenija radioaktivnyh othodov. (author)

  15. Study of reactions of metals with sulphur and phosphorus compounds by pulsed temperatures; Etude des reactions entre metaux et composes du soufre et du phosphore au moyen de brusques hausses de temperature; Issledovanie reaktsii metallov s soedineniyami sery i fosfora pri regulyarnykh izmeneniyakh temperatury; Estudio de reacciones entre metales y compuestos de azufre y de fosforo empleando impulsos de temperatura

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campbell, R B; Grunberg, L [National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

    1962-01-15

    , los autores han tenido en cuenta la estructura de los materiales empleados y los procesos de difusion a los que se debe el progreso de la reaccion una vez iniciada esta. (author) [Russian] Protivoiznosnoe dejstvie sernykh i fosfornykh soedinenij, kotorye obychno dobavlyayutsya k mashinnym maslam, zavisit ot khimicheskikh reaktsij s metallicheskimi poverkhnostyami shesterenok. EHti reaktsii imeyut mesto kak pri osnovnoj temperature masel (primerno 100 Degree-Sign C), tak i pri vysokikh temperaturakh (priblizitel'no 600 Degree-Sign C) v techenie nebol'shogo promezhutka vremeni, kogda zubtsy shesterenok vstupayut vo vzai-modejstvie pod nagruzkoj. Temperaturnye izmeneniya sozdavalis' v apparate, v kotorom korotkie impul'sy ehlektrotoka ispol'zovalis' dlya nagrevaniya metallicheskikh provodov, pogruzhennykh v mineral'noe maslo, soderzhashchee v rastvore mechenye soedineniya sery-35 i fosfora-32. Zameryalas' voznikavshaya v provodakh radioaktivnost'. Stepen' reaktsii opredelyalas' kak funktsiya temperatury i vremeni. Rezul'taty reaktsii vyrazhalis' posredstvom osnovnykh zakonov kinetiki. Izucheniyu podverglis' voprosy izmeneniya skorosti reaktsii v zavisimosti ot nalichiya drugikh sostavov v rastvore. Bylo takzhe opredeleno vliyanie predvaritel'no obrazovannykh pokrytij poverkhnosti, soderzhashchikh seru, fosfor, khlor i/ili kislorod. Dlya ob{sup y}asneniya rezul'tatov raboty ispol'zuyutsya dannye o strukture materialov, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya protsessy diffuzij tam, gde reaktsii vykhodili za svoi nachal'nye stadii. (author)

  16. Gamma-Ray-Initiated Graft Copolymerization on the Surface of Nylon Fibers and in the Inner Layers of Cellulosic Fibers; Amorcage par rayons gamma de la formation de copolymeres greffes a la surface de fibres de nylon et dans les couches internes de fibres cellulosiques; Sopolimerizatsionnoe narashchivanie na poverkhnosti nejlonovogo volokna i vo vnutrennikh sloyakh tsellyuloznykh volokon pod dejstviem gamma-izluchenij; Copolimerizacion por injerto radioinducida en la superficie de fibras de nylon y en las capas internas de fibras celulosicas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Okamura, S; Iwasaki, T; Kobayashi, Y; Hayashi, K

    1960-07-15

    injerto cuando la irradiacion se efectua con dosis especificas del orden de los 10{sup 5} roentgens/hora . (author) [Russian] V rezul'tate oblucheniya nejlonovogo volokna v azotnoj srede sozdaetsya poperechnaya svyaz', togda kak pri obluchenii v vozdushnoj srede proiskhodit reaktsiya, vedushchaya k umen'sheniyu velichiny molekul. Proiskhodyashchie pod vliyaniem oblucheniya izmeneniya byli izucheny posredstvom izmereniya vyazkosti volokna, obluchennogo v rastvorakh sernoj kisloty. Prochnost' na rastyazhenie byla izuchena takzhe v vozdushnoj srede. Pri obluchenii v azotnoj srede pogruzhennogo v vodnyj rastvor akrilamida nejlonovogo volokna narashchivanie imeet mesto lish' na poverkhnosti. Esli zhe predvaritel'noe obluchenie proizvodilos' v vozdushnoj srede, to narashchivanie proiskhodit i vo vnutrennikh sloyakh volokna. Stepen' narashchivaniya tsellyuloznykh volokon pri pomoshchi stirola iz metanolovogo rastvora znachitel'no povyshaetsya, esli voloknu dat' nabukhnut' v 5-10 protsentnom rastvore formamida v metanole. Bylo izucheno vliyanie kontsentratsii formamida i stirola v rastvorakh metanola, prichem bylo ustanovleno, chto maksimal'noe narashchivanie proiskhodit v 5-protsentnom rastvore formamida i 70-protsentnoj kontsentratsii stirola. Pri moshchnosti dozy priblizitel'no v 10{sup 5} r/chas ustanovleno, chto skorost' narashchivaniya opredelyaetsya diffuziej. (author)

  17. Preparative Radiation Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes; Radiosynthese de complexes de metaux de transition; Radiatsionno-khimicheskij sintez kompleksnykh soedinenij perekhodnykh metallov; Radiosintesis de complejos de los metales de transicion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gustorf, E. Koerner Von; Jun, M. -J.; Koller, H.; Schenck, G. O. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung, Abteilung Strahlenchemie, Muelheim-Ruhr, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1963-11-15

    halogenes et de methacrylate de methyie-fer tetracarbonyle, d'acetate de vinyle-fer tetracarbonyle, etc. 3. Radiosynthese de complexes {pi} et de composes carbonyles de metaux de transition. Exemple: exposition aux rayons gamma du cobalt-60 de [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5}){sub 2}Fe], [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5})2Ni], CH{sub 3}C{sub 5}H{sub 4}Mn(CO){sub 3}, (C{sub 5}H{sub 5}){sub 2}TiCl{sub 2}, Fe(CO){sub 5} et Ni(CO){sub 4} dans des hydrocarbures halogenes. (author) [Spanish] Los complejos {pi} y los compuestos carbonilo de los metales de transicion han adquirido cierta importancia tecnica en virtud de su reactividad especial y de su actividad catalitica. El autor ha llevado a cabo las siguientes investigaciones: 1. Radiointesis de complejos {pi} de metales de transicion. Como ejemplos, puede citarse la preparacion de los complejos anhidrido maleico-hierro tetracarbonilo; fumarato de dimetilo-hierro tetracarbonilo; metacrilato de metilo-hierro tetracarbonilo; acetato de vinilo-hierro tetracarbonilo, etc., por exposicion del Fe(CO){sub 5} y de los compuestos no saturados correspondientes a los rayos gamma del {sup 60}Co. 2. Reacciones quimicas con complejos {pi} formados por via radioquimica. Ejemplos: la polimerizacion de compuestos vinilicos a temperatura ambiente por accion de los compuestos organicos halogenados sobre complejos tales como el metacrilato de metilo-hierro tetracarbonilo, el acetato de vinilo-hierro tetracarbonilo, etc. 3. Radiosintesis de complejos {pi} y compuestos carbonilo de los metales de transicion. Como ejemplos, puede mencionarse la exposicion [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5}){sub 2}Fe], [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5}){sub 2}Ni], CH{sub 3}C{sub 5}H{sub 4}Mn(CO){sub 3}, (C{sub 5}H{sub 5}){sub 2}TiCl{sub 2}, Fe(CO){sub 5}, Ni(CO){sub 4} disueltos en hidrocarburos halogenados, a los rayos gamma del {sup 60}Co. (author) [Russian] {pi}-kompleksy i karbonil'nye' soedineniya perekhodnykh metallov imeyut bol'shoe znachenie v tekhnike iz-za ikh vysokoj reaktsionnoj sposobnosti i kataliticheskoj

  18. The radiation age of meteorites; L'age des meteorites; Opredelenie vozrasta meteoritov s pomoshch'yu radiatsii; Edad de los meteoritos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goebel, K; Schmidlin, P [European Organisation for Nuclear Research, Geneva (Switzerland)

    1962-01-15

    ) [Russian] Radioizotopy, voznikayushchie v rezul'tate kosmicheskoj radiatsii v meteoritakh vo vremya ikh dvizheniya v kosmose, mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya togo, chtoby prosledit' istoriyu ehtikh tel. Radioizotopy i akkumulirovannye dochernie ehlementy v meteorite dolzhny byt' opredeleny dlya vyrazheniya vremeni, v techenie kotorogo meteorit podvergalsya kosmicheskoj radiatsii. (Dlya vychisleniya neobkhodimo dopustit', chto potok radiatsii yavlyaetsya postoyannym v techenie vsego vremeni). Dlya izmereniya obyknovenno ispol'zuyutsya izotopy gazov, poskol'ku oni mogut byt' legko otdeleny ot samogo meteorita. V dannom issledovanii ispol'zovany, glavnym obrazom, tritij i argon. Po koehffitsientu radiatsii H3{sup /}He{sup 3} opredelyalsya vozrast meteorita ot neskol'kikh millionov let do neskol'kikh soten let. Poslednie izmereniya v TSERNe v printsipe soglasuyutsya s rezul'tatami drugikh issledovanij. V rabote obsuzhdayutsya voprosy vozmozhnykh otklonenij vvidu diffuzionnykh poter' gaza i vliyaniya ehkranirovki v atmosfernom meteorite. Velichina potoka kosmicheskikh luchej vo vneshnem prostranstve mozhet byt' opredelena, esli prinyat' vo vnimanie zamerennoe poperechnoe sechenie produktov tritiya v ehlementakh, kotorye obrazuyut meteorit. (author)

  19. Two Cases of Chronic Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Materials; Deux Cas d'Exposition Professionnelle Chronique a des Matieres Radioactives; 0414 0412 0414 ; Dos Casos de Exposicion Cronica Profesional a Sustancias Radiactivas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rundo, J. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks. (United Kingdom)

    1964-11-15

    1959 godu do 1,07 mkkjuri v 1963 godu so skorost'ju, sootvetstvujushhej periodu poluvyvedenija okolo 25 let, hotja skorost' vydelenija v 1963 godu ukazyvala na znachitel'no bolee bystroe umen'shenie soderzhanija izotopa v organizme. Jeto ukazyvaet na to, chto nezadolgo do jetogo imelo mesto pogloshhenie malyh kolichestv radija. Soderzhanie stroncija-90 u pacienta A snizilos' s 5,0 mkkjuri v 1957 godu do 3,0 mkkjuri v 1963 godu, chto sootvetstvuet periodu poluvyvedenija v 9 let. Rassmotrenie modeli zaderzhki stroncija u cheloveka s pomoshh'ju uravnenija silovyh funkcij pokazalo, chto jeti dannye sootvetstvujut hronicheskomu pogloshheniju v techenie 4 let do 1957 goda, i chto zatem ne proishodilo znachitel'nogo pogloshhenija, hotja, poskol'ku skorost' vydelenija v 1963 godu byla po men'shej mere v 5 raz bol'she ras schitannoj, moglo imet' mesto pogloshhenie malyh kolichestv izotopa do nachala izmerenij v 1963 godu. Zaderzhka stroncija-90 u pacienta V sootvetstvuet periodu poluvyvedenija okolo 6 let, chto soglasuetsja s velichinoj, poluchennoj na osnovanii skorosti vydelenija (4,5-8 let). Posle nachal'nogo chetyrehkratnogo povyshenija soderzhanija torija-228 u pacienta A snizhalos' jeksponencial'no v period mezhdu 1959 i 1963 godami s jeffektivnym periodom poluvyvedenija ne menee 1,4 goda. Soderzhanie ego u pacienta V povysilos' v period s 1959 do 1963 goda, no snizhenie v period s 1960 po 1963 ne otlichalos' znachitel'no ot urovnja, opredeljaemogo radioaktivnym raspadom s periodom poluraspada 1,9 let. Obsuzhdaetsja znachenie jeksponenty v uravnenii silovoj funkcii dlja zaderzhki radija u cheloveka. (author)

  20. Studies on radiation-image detectors; Etudes sur les detecteurs a images de rayonnements; Izuchenie detektorov izobrazheniya radiatsii; Estudios sobre detectores de radiaciones productores de imagenes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reiffel, L [Armour Research Foundation, Chicago, IL (United States)

    1962-04-15

    }mkoj raspredeleniya iskr. Pri rabote s issledovatel'skim reaktorom Armor na rezhime maloj moshchnosti za desyat' MINUT byla zasnyata kartina raspredeleniya nejtronov po Laueh; pikovyj potok aktivnoj zony sostavlyal 10{sup 11} nv, a kollimator sostoyal iz pryamoj trubki diametrom 1 X 1 cm. Opisano primenenie ehtikh schetchikov dlya drugikh nejtronnykh issledovanij s ukazaniem nailuchshej dostizhimoj razreshayushchej sposobnosti, kotoraya mozhet byt' poluchena pri men'shikh rasstoyaniyakh mezhdu ehlektrodami, ispol'zovanii dinamicheskoj razvertki, a, vozmozhno, i pri prostranstvennom fil'trovanii opticheskogo izobrazheniya. Vtorym obshchim podkhodom k obnaruzheniyu izobrazheniya, vyzyvaemogo radiatsiej, yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie v preobrazovatele lyuminestsiruyushchikh i fosforestsiruyushchikh ehkranov. V nastoyashchee vremya ispytyvayutsya matritsy lyuminestsiruyushchikh volokon, sostoyashchikh iz ves'ma tonkikh steklyannykh trubok, napolnennykh stsintillyatsionnoj zhidkost'yu. EHti matritsy oka- zyvayutsya poleznymi pri obnaruzhenii rentgenovskikh luchej i gamma-izluchenij; dlya polucheniya chuvstvitel'nosti k nejtronam MOGUT ''zaryazhat'sya'' libo materialy stenok, libo soderzhashchayasya vnutri trubok zhidkost'. BUDUT izlozheny novye metody vyrabotki lyuminestsiruyushchikh voloknistykh ehkranov razlichnogo tipa s ukazaniem ikh opticheskikh svojstv, chto takzhe tesno svyazano s tekhnologiej stsintillyatsionnykh kamer. BUDUT kratko obsuzhdeny vozmozhnosti postrojki vosproizvodyashchikh izobrazheniya detektorov s ispol'zovaniem tolstykh blokov materiala, sposobnykh khranit' znachitel'nyj zapas ehnergii i vyzyvat' fosforestsentsiyu pri ikh obluchenii; budut takzhe opisany metody otscheta pokazanij pri pomoshchi opticheskoj razvertki luchej dlya ustraneniya poter' v razreshayushchej sposobnosti iz-za konechnoj tolshchiny lyuminofora. (author)

  1. The production of radioisotopes with a betatron using an internal bombarding technique; Production de radioisotopes par bombardement interne dans un betatron; Proizvodstvo radioizotopov s pomoshch'yu betatrona s ispol'zovaniem metoda vnutrennej bombardirovki; Obtencion de radioisotopos por bombardeo interno en el betatron

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Morinaga, H [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)

    1962-01-15

    pueden servir para la obtencion de isotopos. Con frecuencia es conveniente emplear isotopos de periodo corto debido a su rapida desintegracion, al hecho de que emitan radiaciones de alta energia y a la facilidad con que pueden obtenerse incluso sin necesidad de poseer conocimientos especiales. (author) [Russian] Razrabotan i uspeshno ispol'zuetsya novyj metod proizvodstva radioizotopov s vysokoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu s pomoshch'yu betatrona. Podvergaemye aktivatsii materialy pomeshchayutsya vnutr' vakuumnoj kamery betatrona v kontse slepogo tsilindra, ustanovlennogo izvne; takim obrazom, proby podvergayutsya bombardirovke pri odnoj atmosfere neposredstvenno za mishen'yu tormoznogo izlucheniya, gde intensivnost' radiatsii chrezvychajno vysoka. Aktivnost' pri nasyshchenii Cu{sup 62}, vyzvannaya v nebol'shoj chastitse medi, prevyshala 1 millikyuri, i poluchaemaya naivysshaya udel'naya aktivnost' priblizitel'no v 500 raz prevyshala aktivnost', vyzvannuyu v obychnom ustrojstve. Do sikh por ehtot metod vnutrennej misheni ispol'zuetsya tol'ko dlya rabot v oblasti yadernoj spektroskopii; bylo ustanovleno vosem' novykh vidov radioaktivnykh izotopov (Co{sup 63}, Ga{sup 75}, As{sup 81}, In{sup 121}, In{sup 123}, Tm{sup 173}, Tm{sup 175} i Ac{sup 231}). Gibkost' takogo metoda bombardirovki otkryvaet novye vozmozhnosti, t.k. meditsinskij, promyshlennyj, a takzhe issledovatel'skij betatrony mogut ispol'zovat'sya dlya proizvodstva izotopov. Korotkozhivushchie izotopy, kotorye chasto yavlyayutsya bolee udobnymi pri razlichnykh vidakh primeneniya vsledstvie ikh bystrogo raspada i obychno vysokoj ehnergii radiatsii, mogut byt' bystro polucheny bez kakogo-libo dopolnitel'nogo umeniya. (author)

  2. Experiments on multi-stage light intensification by electro-luminescence; Experiences sur l'intensification de la lumiere en cascade par electroluminescence; Opyty po mnogokaskadnomu svetousileniyu (fotoumnozheniyu) posredstvom ehlektrosvecheniya; Experimentos sobre intensificacion en cascada de la luminosidad por electroluminiscencia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Owaki, K; Nakamura, T [Kobe Kogyo Corporation, Okubo, Akashi, Hyogo (Japan)

    1962-04-15

    S fotosensible en polvo, aglomerado con plastico y moldeado. Basandose en los resultados obtenidos con un solo elemento intensificador, se construyeron intensificadores de dos y tres etapas y se efectuaron experimentos para estudiar sus caracteristicas con diferentes resistencias montadas en paralelo. Con el intensificador de tres etapas se obtuvo una amplificacion del orden de 400, para una radiacion de entrada igual a 0,3 rdlux. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de obtener un mayor aumento para una radiacion de entrada menor. Los autores estiman posible aplicar estos resultados experimentales a los intensificadores solidos de imagenes disenando un dispositivo adecuado. (author) [Russian] Za poslednie gody, v kachestve odnogo iz vazhnykh primenenij ehlektroniki tverdykh tel, byl opublikovan tselyj ryad dokladov otnositel'no povysheniya yarkosti izobrazhenij s pomoshch'yu kristallicheskogo usilitelya. Predstavlyaetsya udobnym i vazhnym ispol'zovat' kristallicheskij usilitel' dlya svetousileniya (fotoumnozheniya). TSel'yu nastoyashchej ehksperimental'noj raboty yavlyaetsya povyshenie stepeni usileniya posredstvom mnogostupenchatogo kaskadirovaniya usilitelya. V nastoyashchem doklade snachala razbirayutsya ehlektricheskie i opticheskie kharakteristiki monokaskadnogo usilitelya, a zatem s tsel'yu uluchsheniya ego parametrov kratko izlagayutsya preimushchestva ispol'zovaniya parallel'nogo soprotivleniya s ehlektro- svetyashchejsya panel'yu. Bylo ispol'zovano dva tipa fotoprovodyashchej yachejki, odna iz kotorykh byla uplotnennaya yachejka iz Cds, a drugaya byla sdelana iz fotochuvstvitel'nogo poroshka Cds, sformovannogo vmeste s plasticheskim svyazyvayushchim veshchestvom. Na osnovanii rezul'tatov, poluchennykh na monokaskadnom usilitele, byli postroeny dvukhkaskadnye i trekhkaskadnye usiliteli, i ikh kharakterisgiki byli provereny dlya razlichnykh parallel'no vklyuchennykh soprotivlenij. Pri pomoshchi trekhkaskadnogo usilitelya bylo polucheno pri vkhodyashchej radiatsii v 0

  3. Some symmetrical halogen and methoxy exchange reactions in aromatic systems; Quelques reactions symetriques d'echanges d'halogenes et de groupes methoxyles dans les composes aromatiques; Simmetricheskie reaktsii s galoidnym i metoksidnym obmenom v aromaticheskikh sistemakh; Algunas reacciones simetricas de intercambio de halogenos y grupos metoxilo en compuestos aromaticos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Broadbank, R W.C.; Harhash, A H.E.; Kanchanalai, S [Leicester College of Technology and Commerce, Leicester (United Kingdom)

    1962-03-15

    udobnye intervaly vremeni) s pomoshch'yu toluolo-vodnoj ehkstraktsii izvlekayutsya aromaticheskie soedineniya, a ikh udel'naya aktivnost' opredelyaetsya beta-stsintillyatsionnym schetom s plastmassovym fosforom. Pri rassmotrenii ehksperimental'nykh dannykh udelyalos' osoboe vnimanie vliyaniyu ionnoj intensivnosti na udel'nuyu skorost' reaktsii. Daetsya sravnenie s vliyaniem ionnoj intensivnosti, nablyudaemoj v simmetricheskikh bimolekulyarnykh nukleofil'nykh reaktsiyakh pri nasyshchennom (alifaticheskom) atome ugleroda; privoditsya ssylka na nekotorye drugie aromaticheskie nukleofil'nye reaktsii zameshcheniya. (author)

  4. Thermal Shock Tests on UO{sub 2} Small Spheres; Essais de choc thermique sur des elements spheriques de UO{sub 2}; Ispytaniya nebol'shikh sharikov iz UO{sub 2} teplovykh udarom; Ensayo de pequenas esferas de UO{sub 2} por choque.termico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perona, G.; Brutto, E.; Galbusera, U.; Palladino, G.; Sesini, R. [Centro Informazioni Studi Esperienze, Milan (Italy)

    1963-11-15

    exponen los resultados obtenidos. La aplicacion de este metodo presenta, al parecer, considerable interes, sobre todo en lo que concierne a las investigaciones encaminadas a mejorar las caracteristicas de las esferas de UO{sub 2} por medio de aditivos. En e fecto, permite verificar el efecto global con una sola medicion. (author) [Russian] Ispol'zuya malye pariki iz UO{sub 2} v kachestve yadernogo topliva v reaktore, gde oni nakhodyatsya v soprikosnovenii s teplonositelem, neobkhodimo znat' maksimal'nuyu pri rabochem rezhime reaktora velichinu termicheskikh napryazhenij, kotorye mogut vyderzhivat' bez povrezhdeniya ehti shariki. Esli izvestny fizicheskie svojstva materiala, to mozhno rasschitat' ehti napryazheniya pri rabochem rezhime. Odnako vvidu mnogochislennosti podlezhashchikh uchetu faktorov i neizbezhnoj doli neopredelennosti kazhdogo iz nikh predstavlyaetsya predpochtitel'nym provesti neposredstvennye ispytaniya ehtikh sharikov, podvergnuv ikh tem zhe napryazheniyam, kakie oni ispytyvayut v reaktore. V nastoyashchej rabote byl izuchen metod teplovogo udara v primenenii k malym sharikam i ukazyvayutsya usloviya, pri kotorykh ehtot metod pozvolyaet proizvesti napryazheniya, neposredstvenno sravnimye s temi, kotorye sushchestvuyut v reaktore. V sluchae malykh sharikov zatrudnenie zaklyuchaetsya v osushchestvlenii okhlazhdeniya, pozvolyayushchego dostigat' ochen' bol'shikh znachenij koehffitsienta poverkhnostnoj teploperedachi. Opisyvayutsya ehksperimental'nye metody i soobshchayutsya poluchennye rezul'taty. Primenenie ehtogo' metoda, po-vidimomu., predstavlyaet bol'shoj interes, v osobennosti v oblasti tekhnologicheskikh izyskanij s tsel'yu uluchsheniya svojstv malykh sharikov iz UO{sub 2} putem vklyucheniya dobavochnykh komponentov. Fakticheski,ehtot metod daet vozmozhnost' pri pomoshchi odnogo tol'ko izmereniya kontrolirovat' izuchaemoe vozdejstvie. (author)

  5. Direct Measurement of Tritium in Biological Materials with the Liquid Scintillation Counter; Determination quantitative directe du tritium dans les substances biologiques, au moyen de compteurs a scintillations a liquides; Neposredstvennoe izmerenie kolichestva tritiya v biologicheskikh materialakh pri pomoshchi zhidkogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika; Determinacion cuantitativa directa del tritio en sustancias biologicas mediante contadores de centelleador liquido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Halvorsen, K [Institutt for Atomenergi, Kjeller, Lillestroem (Norway)

    1962-01-15

    muestras de tejidos de raton a los que se habia inyectado previamente timidina marcada con tritio. Despues de inyectar al raton una dosis del orden de 1 {mu}c de timidina tritiada por gramo de peso corporal, se pudieron seguir durante un mes las transformaciones metabolicas de la timidina incorporada al acido desoxirribonucleico (DISIA) de los distintos tejidos. (author) [Russian] V literature uzhe soobshchalos' o sposobakh izmereniya kolichestva tritiya v tkanyakh zhivotnykh i v izolirovannykh srezakh tkanej. Odnako pri vsekh opisyvaemykh rabotakh dlya otscheta impul'sov obraztsov primenyalsya zhidkostnyj stsintillyatsionnyj spektrometr sovpadenij. Pri vypolnenii nastoyashchej raboty dlya izmerenij byl ispol'zovan zhidkostnyj stsintillyatsionnyj schetchik s odnim fotoehlementom. Issledovalis' glavnym obrazom neposredstvennoe rastvorenie tkanej zhivotnykh v giamine 10-KH i otschet impul'sov vzvesi liofilirovannoj tkani v stsintilliruyushchikh gelyakh. Razlichnye tkani, kak naprimer, pechen', kishechnik, krov' i kozha mogut byt' neposredstvenno rastvoreny v giamine i aktivnost' ikh izmerena s tochnost'yu do 10-15 protsentov. Budut obsuzhdeny metody vvedeniya popravki na gashenie i nekotorye yavleniya fosforestsentsii, poskol'ku oni vliyayut na otschet impul'sov v schetnom ustrojstve s edinym fotoehlementom. KHotya chuvstvitel'nost' ehtogo metoda predstavlyaetsya neskol'ko men'shej, chem pri ispol'zovanii schetchika sovpadenij, odnako ehtot metod udovletvoritelen dlya mnogikh vidov primenenij. Predstavlyaemaya rabota byla provedena na obraztsakh tkanej myshi posle predvaritel'noj in{sup e}ktsii mechennogo tritiem timidina. Pri vpryskivanii v mysh' dozy priblizitel'no v 1 mikrokyuri tritirovannogo timidina na gramm vesa ee tela, metabolicheskaya sud'ba timidina, pogloshchennogo deoksiribonukleinovoj kislotoj razlichnykh tkanej, mogla byt' proslezhena v techenie tselogo mesyatsa. (author)

  6. Preliminary Studies on Irradiation of Some Common Stored-Grain Insects in Pakistan; Etudes preliminaires sur l'irradiation de certaines especes communes d'insectes nuisibles aux cereales engrangees au Pakistan; Predvaritel'noe izuchenie rezul'tatov oblucheniya nekotorykh obychnykh ambarnykh nasekomykh v Pakistane; Estudios preliminares sobre los efectos de la irradiacion en algunas de las plagas insectiles de los silos mas comunes en el Pakistan

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huque, Heshamul [Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Karachi (Pakistan)

    1963-09-15

    reaktsii nekotorykh osnovnykh ambarnykh nasekomykh-vreditelej na obluchenie razlichnymi dozami ot istochnika s Co{sup 60}, lyubezno predostavlennogo Pakistanskoj komissiej po atomnoj ehnergii. Doza'20 000 r vyzyvala 100-protsentnuyu smertnost' vzroslykh osobej Rhizopertha dominica i Tribolium castaneum v techenie 11 sutok. Doza 10 000 r okazalas' ehffektivnoj tol'ko cherez 23 sutok. Vzroslye osobi Sitophilus granarius proyavlyali otnositel'no bol'shuyu chuvstvitel'nost', i pri obluchenii ikh 10 000 r polnaya smertnost' nastupala cherez 7 sutok. Odnako lichinki Trogoderma granarium okazalis' naibolee stojkimi; na bolee nizkie dozy oni vovse ne reagirovali, a 100-protsentnaya smertnost' byla dostignuta tol'ko cherez 26 sutok posle oblucheniya 25 000 r. Maksimal'naya doza 250 000 r privodila k mgnovennoj smerti vo vsekh sluchayakh, no ehta doza slishkom vysoka, i privodit k narusheniyu prorastaemosti semyan. Odnako vvidu togo, chto pitatel'nye svojstva ne stradayut/ ehta doza mokhet byt' ispol'zovana tam, gde zhelatel'no nemedlennoe istreblenie nasekomykh v neprednaznachennykh dlya poseva prodovol'stvennykh zernovykh. Bruchus quadrumaculatus ne vyplansivaetsya pri obluchenii dozoj v 2500 r. V nastoyashchee vremya prodolzhaetsya izuchenie drugikh stadij i dozirovok. (author)

  7. Release of Fission Products from UC-ZrC Fuel Inserts; Degagement des produits de fission liberes dans des noyaux combustibles UC-ZrC; Vydelenie produktov deleniya iz topliv UC - ZrC; Liberacion de productos de fision por pastillas de combustible de UC-ZrC

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barth, F.; Von der Decken, C. B.; Schifferstein, K. [Brown Boveri/Krupp Reaktorbau G.M.B.H., Duesseldorf (Germany); Clauss, A.; Reichel, H.; Rygaert, J.; Ruston, W. R. [Societe d' Etudes de Recherches et d' Applications pour l' Industrie (S.E.R.A.I.), Brussels (Belgium)

    1963-11-15

    reaktora. Krome togo sushchestvovala vozmozhnost' otdel'nogo izmereniya doli otdachi {epsilon}{sub R} , esli toplivnaya serdtsevina byla podveshana v pechi s bol'shim diametrom. Izmerennye velichiny {epsilon}{sub R} lish' neznachitel'no prevyshali vychislennye. Pri bolee vysokikh temperaturakh obraztsa mozhno bylo vychislit' dolyu diffuzii {epsilon}{sub D} vychitaniem doli otdachi iz polnogo vydeleniya. Poluchiv {epsilon}{sub D}, mozhno vychislit' D/r{sub 0}''2 sek, upotreblyaya uravneniya priblizheniya S. Flyugge i K.EH.Tsimensa, gde D - konstanta diffuzii, r{sub 0} rasschitannyj matematicheskim putem srednij radius chastitsy. Grafik zavisimosti logarifma ehtikh velichin ot 1/T daet ehnergiyu aktivatsii (T - temperatura obraztsa, {sup o}K). Raznitsa mezhdu ehnergiyami aktivatsii diffuzii kriptona i ksenona'okaehalas' neznachitel'noj. Malo otlichalis' drug ot druga takzhe i ehnergii aktivatsii, opredelennye dlya razlichnykh tipov tabletok, nesmotrya na to, chto velichiny D/r{sub 0}{sup 2} v nekotorykh sluchayakh pri tekh zhe temperaturakh obraztsa razlichalis' na 4 poryadka. V grafite kapsul posle oblucheniya byli opredeleny aktivnosti izotopov I{sup 131}, Sr{sup 85}, Ba{sup 140} i Ce{sup 141}. 3a isklyucheniem I{sup 131}, aktivnosti byli vyshe ozhidaemykh dlya vydeleniya tol'ko za schet otdachi. Velichiny dlya Sr{sup 85}, Ba{sup 140}, i Ce{sup 141} byli slishkom veliki, chtoby ikh mozhno bylo ob{sup y}asnit' diffuziej sootvetstvuyushchikh im inertnykh gazov-predshestvennikov. Predpolagaetsya, chto izmerennye izotopy ili ikh neinertnye gazy-predshestvenniki vedelyayutsya putem diffuzii. (author)

  8. The Non-Destructive Testing of Fuel Elements and Their Components for the United Kingdom Power-Reactor Development Programme; Controle Non Destructif des Elements Combustibles et de Leurs Parties Constitutives dans le Cadre du Programme de Developpement des Reacteurs de Puissance au Royaume-Uni; Nedestruktivnoe ispytanie teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementov i ikh komponentov dlya osushchestvleniya programmy soedinennogo korolevstva po razrabotke ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov; Ensayo No Destructivo de Elementos Combustibles y sus Componentes, en el Marco del Programa de Reactores de Potencia del Reino Unido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mann, C. A.; Campsie, I. C. [U.K.A.E.A., Reactor Fuel Element Laboratories, Springfields, Salwick, Preston, Lancs. (United Kingdom)

    1965-10-15

    The test procedures are described which have been developed in the Reactor Fuel Element Laboratories as part of the Reactor Group's development programme on fuel pins for a number of reactor systems. The sheaths of these pins are tubes in the range 5 mm- 15 mm diam; the materials are stainless steels and zirconium alloys. (a) Flaw detection in tubes is described. Ultrasonic inspection using two immersed probes. The tubes are traversed helically at high speeds through a stationary tank. Flaw signals are monitored and recorded. Spark-machined slots on the surfaces of tubes are used as references in setting up the system and in checking its stability. Eddy-current inspection is also employed in some cases. Two tests are described: an encircling coil system with rapid throughput, and a surface coil with helical scan. Phase selection and filtering of the output from a bridge circuit is used, at frequencies between 30 and 60 kHz. (b) Dimensional inspection of tubes and pellets is also discussed. Various mechanical, pneumatic, nuclear and electronic methods of measuring the tube dimensions are compared and the arrangements to prevent the scratching of the tubes are described. Techniques for measuring pellet diameter and circumferences are explained and it is suggested that with thin-walled tubes a more realistic approach to the pellet/gap problems can be obtained by comparing circumferences. With the development of efficient tube-traversing equipment it has been possible to combine the above development technique to form a completely integrated tube-testing facility operated by semi-skilled labour. The laboratory's requirement for precise information of tube sizes has been met by the automatic recording of measurements, eliminating a time-consuming and somewhat inaccurate method of manual recording of the results. For flaw detection in fuel pins, the techniques already mentioned can in general be applied to examine the sheaths of fuel pins, i.e. after fuel has been loaded and the ends closed. In addition, the integrity of end closures is established, by radiography. Multiple exposures are commonly made to examine the whole of circumferential weld adequately. The disposition of the fuel can also be recorded accurately by using a panoramic technique. The use of colour radiography is also discussed. Pins are normally tested for leakage after filling with helium, using a mass-spectrometer leak detector. Pins not filled with helium may be tested using a ''back-pressurizing'' technique. Conventional ''probing'' and ''sniffing'' methods are used when it is desirable to locate the sites of leaks. The bubble test in liquids is also used, as a cheap and simple test. The use of krypton-85 as a tracer gas is discussed. (author) [French] Les auteurs decrivent les methodes d'essai que les laboratoires charges des elements combustibles ont elaborees dans le cadre du programme etabli par le en vue de mettre au point des aiguilles de combustible pour diverses filieres de reacteurs. Ces aiguilles sont contenues dans des gaines de 5 a 15 mm de diametre, les materiaux utilises etant des aciers inoxydables et des alliages de zirconium, a) Detection de defauts dans les gaines. Examen par ultrasons a l'aide de deux traducteurs immerges. Les tubes sont animes d'un mouvement helicoidal rapide dans un reservoir fixe. Chaque signal de defaut est verifie et enregistre. Pour regler le dispositif et verifier sa stabilite, on utilise comme temoins des fentes'pratiquees a l'arc a la surface des tubes. Dans certains cas, on a egalement recours au controle par courants de Foucault. Les auteurs decrivent deux procedes: l'un, a debit rapide, est fonde sur un systeme de bobines encerclant le tube; l'autre, a exploration heliccfldale, utilise une bobine se deplacant le long du tube. Les signaux fournis par un circuit a pont sont selectionnes selon la phase et filtres, pour des frequences de 30 a 60 kHz. b) Controle des dimensions de tubes et de pastilles. Diverses methodes mecaniques, pneumatiques, nucleaires et electriques permettant de mesurer les dimensions des tubes font l'objet d'une etude comparative. On decrit les mesures qui sont prises pour ne pas rayer la surface des tubes. Les auteurs exposent les procedes employes pour mesurer le diametre et la circonference des pastilles; pour les tubes a paroi mince, les problemes que pose le rapport entre le volume des pastilles et celui des vides pourraient etre traites de facon plus realiste en comparant les circonferences. La mise au point d'un appareil efficace de rotation des tubes a permis de combiner les methodes decrites ci-dessus et de construire un dispositif d'essai entierement integre dont l'utilisation ne necessite pas un personnel hautement qualifie. Pour que le Laboratoire puisse obtenir rapidement des renseignements precis sur les dimensions des tubes, on procede a l'enregistrement automatique des mesures; on a ainsi supprime l'operation, lente et quelque peu inexacte, d'enregistrement a la main. En ce qui concerne la detection des defauts dans les aiguilles de combustible, les methodes exposees sous le point a) peuvent, en regle generale, servir a examiner les gaines d'aiguilles de combustible apres le chargement du combustible et l'obturation des extremites. En plus, l'etat des bouchons terminaux est verifie par radiographie. On fait normalement des expositions multiples pour examiner convenablement toute la peripherie des soudures. On peut egalement determiner avec precision la repartition du combustible par radiographie panoramique. Le recours a la radiographie en couleurs est egalement etudie. L'etancheite des aiguilles est verifiee apres remplissage d'helium au moyen d'un detecteur de fuites a spectrometre de masse. Les aiguilles ne contenant pas d'helium peuvent etre controlees par immersion dans un milieu sous pression. Pour localiser les fuites, on peut appliquer, le cas echeant, des methodes d'investigation classiques. On utilise aussi le procede simple et peu couteux qui consiste a plonger la piece dans un liquide et a observer la formation de bulles. Enfin, les auteurs discutent l'emploi du krypton-85 comme radioindicateur. (author) [Spanish] Los procedimientos de ensayo que se exponen han sido establecidos en el Laboratorio de combustibles nucleares, como parte del programa del Grupo correspondiente, relativo a varillas de combustible para reactores de distintos tipos. La vainas de esas varillas consisten en tubos de acero inoxidable o aleaciones de circonio de 5 a 15 mm de diametro. a) Se describe la localizacion de fallas o grietas en los tubos. Inspeccion ultrasonica con dos sondas sumergidas. Los tubos se someten a un barrido helicoidal a gran velocidad en un tanque estacionario, con lo cual se observan y registran las senales que denotan la existencia de fallas. Para calibrar el sistema y comprobar su estabilidad, se usan como referencias unas ranuras practicadas por chisporroteo. En ciertos casos se recurre tambien a la inspeccion mediante corrientes de Foucault. Los dos metodos que se describen emplean un sistema de bobina anular de pasaje rapido y una bobina superficial con exploracion helicoidal. Para la seleccion de fases y filtrado de la senal de salida se una un circuito de puente, con frecuencias comprendidas entre 30 y 60 kHz. b) Se discute ademas la inspeccion de las dimensiones de tubos y pastillas. Se hace un estudio comparativo de diversos metodos mecanicos, neumaticos, nucleares y electronicos de medicion de las dimensiones de los tubos, y se explican las precauciones que han de adoptarse para impedir que estos se rayen. Se describen tecnicas para medir el diametro y la longitud de la circunferencia de las pastillas y se recomienda la comparacion de las circunferencias, en el caso de tubos delgados, como metodo mas ajustado a la realidad para el estudio de los problemas que plantea la existencia de huecos entre las paredes del tubo y las pastillas. El perfeccionamiento de equipo para el desplazamiento transversal de tubos ha permitido, mediante una combinacion de tecnicas, instalar un dispositivo de ensayo que puede ser manejado por personal semiespeciali- zado. Las necesidades del Laboratorio en cuanto a datos de precision sobre las dimensiones de los tubos pueden satisfacerse con un sistema automatico que registra los datos y permite prescindir del metodo laborioso y algo inexacto de anotacion manual de los resultados. En el caso de la localizacion de fallas en las varillas de combustible, el metodo expuesto en el parrafo a) puede utilizarse en general para examinar los tubos de revestimiento despues de haber efectuado la carga del combustible y de haber cerrado los extremos del tubo; ademas, la integridad del cierre se comprueba radiograficamente. Para verificar adecuadamente el estado de una soldadura circular, se toman varias radiografias. Utilizando una tecnica panoramica puede tambien registrarse con exactitud la disposicion del combustible. Se estudia ademas la posibilidad de utilizar la radiografia cromatica. La deteccion de escapes en las varillas de combustible suele realizarse utilizando un espectrometro de masas despues de haber procedido al rellenado con helio. Si este no es posible, puede aplicarse un procedimiento de contrapresion. Para localizar los escapes se utilizan los metodos ordinarios de sondeo o 'rastreo'. Un procedimiento sencillo y poco oneroso aplicable cuando se trata de lfquidos, es el de burbujeo. Se estudia la posibilidad de utilizar el kripton-85. como gas indicador. (author) [Russian] Opisyvajutsja metody ispytanij, kotorye razrabotany v laboratorijah reaktornyh teplovydeljajushhih jelementov v porjadke osushhestvlenija programmy reaktornoj gruppy po razrabotke teplovydeljajushhih jelementov v vide tonkih sterzhnej dlja rjada reaktornyh sistem. Obolochka jetih sterzhnej predstavljaet soboj trubku diametrom 5-15 mm i izgotavlivaetsja iz nerzhavejushhej stali i splavov cirkonija. a. Defektoskopija v trubkah Ul'trazvukovaja proverka s pomoshh'ju dvuh pogruzhennyh zondov. Trubki peremeshhajutsja vintoobrazno s bol'shoj skorost'ju cherez nepodvizhnyj bak. Signaly defekta izmerjajutsja i registrirujutsja. Sdelannye s pomoshh'ju dugovogo razrjada prorezi na poverhnostjah trubok ispol'zujutsja v kachestve jetalona pri ustanovke sistemy i proverke ee stabil'nosti. V nekotoryh sluchajah proverka osushhestvljaetsja takzhe pri pomoshhi metoda vihrevyh tokov. Opisyvajutsja dva ispytanija,odno s zamknutoj katushechnoj sistemoj s bystroj proizvoditel'nost'ju, a drugoe - s poverhnostnoj katushkoj s vintovoj razvertkoj. Ispol'zuetsja vybor faz i fil'tracija vyhodnogo naprjazhenija iz mostovoj shemy v diapazone chastot ot 30 do 60 kilogerc. b. Proverka razmerov trubok i tabletok Sravnivajutsja razlichnye mehanicheskie, pnevmaticheskie, jadernye i jelektronnye metody izmerenija razmerov trubok. Opisyvajutsja mery po predotvrashheniju carapin na trubkah. Ob{sup j}asnjajutsja metody izmerenija diametra i dliny okruzhnosti tabletok. Predpolagaetsja, chto s pomoshh'ju tonkih trubok mozhno dobit'sja bolee realisticheskogo podhoda k problemam tabletka/zazor putem sravnivanija dliny okruzhnostej. Razrabotka jeffektivnogo oborudovanija dlja peremeshhenija trubok pozvolila kombini rovat' vysheupomjanutye metody razrabotki v celjah sozdanija kompleksnogo ustrojstva dlja ispytanija trubok, kotorym upravljajut polukvalificirovannye rabochie. Trebovanie, kotoroe pred{sup j}avljaetsja laboratoriej v otnoshenii tochnoj informacii o razmerah trubok, udovletvorjaetsja za schet avtomaticheskoj zapisi izmerenij, chto ustranjaet neobhodimost' primenjat' ruchnoj metod zapisi rezul'tata, kotoryj tr*buet{sub m}nogo vremeni i javljaetsja neskol'ko netochnym. Defektoskopija v obshhem primenima dlja proverki obolochek teplovydeljajushhih jelementov v vide tonkogo sterzhnja, t. e. posle zagruzki topliva i zadelki koncov. Krome togo, celostnost' zakrytyh koncov opredeljaetsja s pomoshh'ju radiografii. Mnogokratnoe obluchenie obychno proizvoditsja dlja neobhodimoj provedi vsego svarnogo shva po dline okruzhnosti. Polozhenie topliva takzhe mozhno tochno zaregistrirovat' s pomoshh'ju panoramnogo metoda. Rassmatrivaetsja takzhe ispol'zovanie cvetnoj radiografii. Sterzhni obychno ispytyvajutsja na tech' posle napolnenija geliem s pomoshh'ju mass - spektrometricheskogo techeiskatelja. Sterzhni, kotorye ne napolnjajutsja geliem, mozhno ispytyvat' metodom povyshenija ''obratnogo davlenija''. Obychnye metody zondov i ''vsasyvanija vozduha'' ispol'zujutsja v teh sluchajah, kogda zhelatel'no najti mesta techi. Ispol'zuetsja takzhe proba na obrazovanie puzyrej v kachestve deshevogo i prostogo ispytanija. Obsuzhdaetsja vopros ispol'zovanija kriptona-85 v kachestve indikatornogo gaza. (author)

  9. Pancreas Scanning with Se{sup 75}-Selenomethionine; Scintigraphie du Pancreas avec de la Selenomethionine Marquee au Selenium-75; Skennirovanie podzheludochnoj zhelezy s pomoshch'yu selenometionina, mechennogo Selenom-75; Exploracion del Pancreas con Selenometionina-{sup 75}Se

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Blau, M. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, NY (United States)

    1964-10-15

    dosis corporal total imputable a la aplicacion de este procedimiento es inferior a 1 rad. La dosis de selenio es de algunos microgramos solamente y no entrana ningun riesgo de toxicidad. (author) [Russian] Obnaruzhena vysokaja stepen' koncentracii aminokislot v podzheludochnoj zheleze v techenie pervyh neskol'kih chasov posle vvedenija. Jeta osobennost' svjazana s bystrym sintezom i krugooborotom pishhevaritel'nyh fermentov. Poskol'ku ni odin iz jelementov v strukture aminokislot (C,H,N i S) ne imeet sootvetstvujushhih gamma- izluchajushhih izotopov, ih nel'zja ispol'zovat' dlja skennirovanija. Byli podgotovleny i ispytany neskol'ko proizvodnyh aminokislot -jod-131, no v kazhdom sluchae terjalos' svojstvo ishodnoj aminokisloty sosredotochivat'sja v podzheludochnoj zheleze. Himicheskoe shodstvo selena i sery daet osnovanie schitat', chto selenovyj analog meteonina blizok k metioninu po stroeniju v dostatochnoj stepeni, chtoby zanjat' ego mesto pri sinteze belka. Selen-75 (period poluraspada 128 dnej, osnovnye dannye: gamma-luchi, 0,27 Mjev) prigoden dlja skennirovanija. Prigotavlivalsja selenometionin - selen-75 s pomoshh'ju biosinteza drozhzhej. Drozhzhi vyrashhivali na srede s nizkim soderzhaniem sery i vysokoj udel'noj aktivnost'ju selena-75 v vide selenita. Posle jekstragirovanija jefirom i gorjachej trihloruksusnoj kislotoj belkovyj ostatok podvergali gidrolizu s pomoshh'ju soljanoj kisloty. Rezul'tirujushhuju smes' aminokislot razdeljali metodom hromatografii na kolonke. Selenometionin -selen-75, podgotovlennyj takim obrazom, imel biologicheskie svojstva prirodnyh aminokislot. Pogloshhenie v podzheludochnoj zheleze sostavljalo okolo 7%vvedennoj dozy, a koncentracija na gramm podzheludochnoj zhelezy byla v 7 raz bol'she chem na gramm pecheni. Pogloshhenie v krovi i drugih organah bylo eshhe nizhe, pecheni. Pogloshhenie v krovi i drugih organah bylo eshhe nizhe. V nastojashhee vremja proizvoditsja klinicheskaja ocenka metodov skennirovanija podzheludochnoj zhelezy

  10. Status of Irradiation Control of Insects in Grain; Radiodesinsection des Cereales; Sostoyanie bor'by s hasekomymi-vreditelyami zerna putem oblucheniya; Radiodesinsectacion de Cereales Almacenados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cornwell, P. B. [Rentokil Laboratories Ltd., East Grinstead, Sussex (United Kingdom)

    1966-11-15

    pishhu chelovekom obluchennoj pshenicy i izdelij iz nee. Inzhenernye soobrazhenija, dajut vozmozhnost' predpolozhit', chto obluchenie s tochki zrenija jekonomiki javljaetsja konkurentnym metodom po otnosheniju k himicheskim metodam obrabotki zerna na krupnyh centrah jeksporta ili sbora zerna. Sozdannye v nastojashhee vremja vmestitel'nye hranilishha i avtomaticheskie konvejernye sistemy, javljajushhiesja naibolee celesoobraznym metodom obrabotki zerna na puti ot proizvoditelja k potrebitelju, dajut vozmozhnost' uverenno predskazat', chto primenenie obluchenija dlja dezinfekcii v zernoobrabatyvajushhej promyshlennosti budet imet' mesto v nedalekom budushhem. Informacija po problemam zarazhenija zerna i voprosam zernoobrabatyvajushhej promyshlennosti v razlichnyh stranah ispol'zovana dlja illjustracii perspektiv vozmozhnogo v budushhem primenenija obluchenija dlja obrabotki zerna v mezhdunarodnyh masshtabah. (author)

  11. A 4{pi} Anticoincidence Arrangement for Measurements of Beta-Ray Emitting Isotopes; Montage a Anticoiencidence 4{pi} pour la Mesure des Radioisotopes Emetteurs Beta; 4{pi} sistema schetchikov antisovpadenij dlya izmerenij beta-izluchayushchikh izotopov; Aparato de Recuento 4{pi} en Anticoincidencia para Medir Emisores Beta

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Srdoc, D. [Institute ' ' Ruder Boskovic' ' , Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

    1965-10-15

    ispol'zujutsja zdes' dlja scheta beta-chastic, imejut javno oslablennuju chuvstvitel'nost' k gamma-izlucheniju vblizi porogovogo naprjazhenija, v rezul'tate chego proishodit dal'nejshee snizhenie fona. Istochniki beta-chastic s bolee vysokimi jenergijami, a takzhe istochniki gamma-izluchenija mozhno tozhe izmerit' s pomoshh'ju opisannoj sistemy, poskol'ku v predlagaemoj geometrii otsutstvuet vsjakaja vozmozhnost' odnovremennogo zapuska oboih schetchikov, kak jeto imeet mesto v obychnyh sistemah schetchikov s blokirovkoj. (author)

  12. New processing techniques for radioisotopes at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Production de radioisotopes: nouvelles techniques employees au Laboratoire national d'Oak Ridge; Novye tekhnologicheskie metody polucheniya radioizotopov v Okridzhskoj natsional'noj laboratorii; Nuevos metodos de preparacion de radioisotopos aplicados en el Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Butler, T A; Lamb, E; Rupp, A F [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1962-01-15

    combinacion de procedimientos de precipitacion y de extraccion con disolventes, se han podido recuperar cantidades de tecnecio-99 del orden de algunos gramos, a partir de desechos de productos de fision. La pureza quimica del tecnecio obtenido es superior al 99,9%, en tanto que su pureza radioquimica sobrepasa el 99.99%. Trabajando tambien con vestigios, se ha demostrado la posibilidad de separar y purificar por extraccion continua pequenas cantidades de estroncio contenidas en otros materiales. Se obtuvo estroncio de 98% de pureza a partir de un material contaminado por un 95% de calcio inerte. El estroncio se transforma en titanato de estroncio, con el que se elaboran elementos ceramicos. (author) [Russian] Novejshaya progressivnaya programma proizvodstva radioizotopov v Okridzhskoj natsional'noj laboratorii vklyuchaet novye tekhnologicheskie protsessy i uluchsheniya ikh dlya proizvodstva tseriya-144, prometiya-147, tekhnetsiya-99 i strontsiya-90. TSerij-144 byl proizveden v kolichestve neskol'kikh kilokyuri pri probnoj postanovke proizvodstva. Produkt byl rekuperirovan bolee chem na 98 protsentov pri chistote produkta svyshe 99 protsentov. Posle ehtogo tserij byl obrabotan dlya polucheniya chistoj okisi tseriya-144 v vide poroshka s kontsentratsiej aktivnosti v 235 kyuri na gramm. Poroshok spressovyvalsya v tabletki, kotorye spekalis' v vide plotnogo keramicheskogo tela. Prometij-147 byl proizveden v kolichestve neskol'kikh kilokyuri po metodu osazhdeniya sovmestno s metodom ionnogo obmena. Dlya otdeleniya prometiya-147 ot drugikh redkikh zemel' byl isprobovan v masshtabe indikatorov metod izvlecheniya rastvoritelem. Iz produktov deleniya v stoke otkhodnykh materialov bylo rekuperirovano neskol'ko grammov tekhnetsiya-99 pri pomoshchi protsessa osazhdeniya sovmestno s protsessom izvlecheniya rastvoritelem. Tekhnetsij byl poluchen bolee chem s 99,9-protsentnoj khimicheskoj chistotoj i s radiokhimicheskoj chistotoj bolee chem 99,99%. V masshtabe indikatorov byla dokazana

  13. Copolymerization of Ethylene Induced by Cobalt-60 Gamma Radiation; Copolymerisation de l'ethylene induite par des rayons gamma du cobalt-60; Sopolimerizatsiya ehtilena pod dejstviem gamma-izlucheniya ot istochnika ks'yali-60; Copolimerizacion del etileno inducida por las radiaciones gamma del cobalto-60

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Steinberg, M.; Colombo, P. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, NY (United States)

    1963-11-15

    fraccionada. La identificacion se efectuo por espectroscopia infrarroja y la composicion se determino por analisis elemental. Para algunos de los productos de reaccion, los autores indican los puntos de fusion cristalinos, las densidades, las caracteristicas de solubilidad y los pesos moleculares. Obtuvieron pruebas de la copolimerizacion del etileno con cada uno de los siguientes monomeros: estireno, metacrilato de metilo, acetato de vinilo, acrilonitrilo, acetato de alilo, isobuteno, clorotrifluoretileno, trans 2-buteno, acrilato de metilo, isopreno, propeno, cloruro de vinilo, 1-buteno, cis 2-buteno, oxido de carbono, vinilpirrolidona, metilvinilcetona y divinilbenceno. Comprobaron que los datos experimentales obtenidos en el estudio del sistema etileno-oxido de carbono responden a una forma lineal de la ecuacion de composicion del copolimero. Encontraron el valor 22,0 para la razon ({alpha}) de las constantes de velocidad especificas correspondientes al oxido de carbono y al etileno, respectivamente, lo que indica que en calidad de monomero el oxido de carbono se activa en tal medida que se fija al extremo de una cadena de radical etilenico libre con una velocidad 22 veces mayor que un monomero etilenico. (author) [Russian] Byla izuchen vyzvannaya gamma-izlucheniem sopolimerizatsiya ehtilena s ryadom razlichnykh monomerov pri temperature 20{sup o}C i pri nachal'nykh davleniyakh do 680 atm. Ehksperimenty provodilis' staticheski v dvukhfaznykh sistemakh, za isklyucheniem sistemy ehtilen-okis' ugleroda. Razdelenie sopolimerov proizvodilos' metodami ehkstraktsii rastvoritelem i fraktsionirovannogo osazhdeniya. Dlya identifikatsii ispol'zovali infrakrasnuyu spektroskopiyu, a dlya opredeleniya sostava - ehlementarnyj analiz. Privedeny kharakte- ristiki nekotorykh produktov reaktsii, vklyuchayushchie ikh temperaturu plavleniya, plotnost', rastvorimost' i molekulyarnyj ves. Ustanovlena sopolimerizatsiya ehtilena s kazhdym iz sleduyushchikh monomerov: stirolom, metilmetakrilatom

  14. A Contribution to the Study of the Oxidation of Uranium Monocarbide in Carbonic Anhydride at High Temperatures; Contribution a l'etude de l'oxydation du monocarbure d'uranium dans l'anhydride carbonique aux temperatures elevees; Vklad v izuchenie voprosa okisleniya monokarbida urana v ugol'nom angidride pri povyshennykh temperaturakh; Contribucion al estudio de la oxidacion del monocarburo de uranio en anhidrido carbonico a temperaturas elevadas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Desrues, R; Paidassi, J.; Darras, R. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Saclay (France)

    1963-11-15

    monocarburo, sea que provengan del uranio o bien del dicarburo, disminuye la resistencia de este compuesto a la oxidacion; ello puede atribuirse sobre todo al hecho de que aquellas sufren una oxidacion muy seria, especialmente a raiz de las tensiones mecanicas que causa. 3. En todos los casos, el proceso de oxidacion puede caracterizarse por una energia de activacion igual a 29 000 cal/M, valor muy proximo al correspondiente a la oxidacion del uranio metalico en el mismo gas y a la difusion del oxigeno en el oxido de uranio (UO{sub 2}) que se forma. (author) [Russian] Obraztsy monokarbida urana, poluchennogo dvumya razlichnymi metodami, i obraztsy ker- meta sostava 96,7 ves% U-3,3 ves% S podvergalis' dejstviyu ugol'nogo angidrida, tshchatel'no ochishchennogo ot kisloroda i vodyanykh parov, v intervalakh 350 - 600 deg. C, i nablyudalos' ikh okislenie odnovremenno mikrograficheskim i gravimetricheskim sposobami pri pomoshchi termovesov Ehjro. Bylo otmecheno sleduyushchee: 1) Krivye vyrazhayut uvelichenie vesa kak funktsiyu vremeni i vnachale nosyat yarko vyrazhennyj linejnyj kharakter, zatem bystro vozrastayut, chto ob{sup y}asnyaetsya, v osnovnom,progressivnym razlozheniem obraztsov. Vprochem, poluchennye dannye uvelicheniya vesa yavlyayutsya bolee nizkimi chem te, kotorye byli opublikovany do nastoyashchego vremeni, chto sleduet, ochevidno, pripisat' bolee vysokoj chistote upotreblennogo ugol'nogo angitrida i ochen' neznachitel'noj poristosti ispol'zovannogo monokarbida urana. 2) Nalichie vklyuchenij v monokarbid, kotorye sootvetstvuyut uranu ili dikarbidu, umen'shaet stojkost' ehtogo materiala k okisleniyu, chto sleduet pripisat', glavnym obrazom,katastroficheskomu okisleniyu samikh vklyuchenij iz-za mekhanicheskikh svyazej. 3) Vo vsekh sluchayakh protsess okisleniya mozhet byt' okharakterizovan ehnergiej aktivatsii, ravnoj 29 000 kal/mol', velichinoj, ochen' blizkoj k toj, kotoraya sootvetstvuet okisleniyu metallicheskogo urana v tom zhe gaze i diffuzii kisloroda v okisi

  15. The Separation of Hydrogen Tritium and Tritium Hydride by Gas Chromatography; Separation de l'hydrogene, du tritium et de l'hydrure de tritium par chromatographic en phase gazeuse; Razdelenie vodoroda, tritiya i gidrida tritiya posredstvom gazovoj khromatografii; Separacion del hidrogeno, tritio e hidruro de tritio por cromatografia de gases

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, H A; Carter, Jr, E H [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

    1962-01-15

    gas portador, la columna de silice permitio obtener una separacion satisfactoria, pero no fue posible eluir los isotopos con ayuda de helio. Las columnas de oxido de aluminio recubierto de oxido de cromo o de oxido ferrico, parcialmente desactivado, dieron buenos resultados cuando se empleo helio o neon como gas portador, pero la mejor separacion se obtuvo mediante alumina activada sin recubrimiento. Para determinar cuantitativamente el tritio y el hidruro de tritio, es preciso calibrar el dispositivo con mezclas de helio y tritio de actividad conocida y, ademas, con mezclas de hidrogeno y tritio en equilibrio, de actividad tambien conocida. (author) [Russian] V nastoyashchee vremya, kogda uzhe dostignuty znachitel'nye uspekhi v razdelenii vodoroda, dejteriya i vodorodnogo dejterida pri pomoshchi gazovoj khromatografii, provoditsya analogichnoe izuchenie smesi vodoroda, tritiya i gidrida tritiya. Poskol'ku tritij primenyaetsya v kachestve indikatora v nichtozhno malykh kolichestvakh, ispol'zovanie obychnogo katatermometra dlya ego obnaruzheniya ne predstavlyaetsya vozmozhnym. Vykhod iz ehtogo zatrudneniya byl najden pri pomoshchi togo, chto neposredstvenno za katatermometrom ustanavlivaets ya vibratsionnyj ehlektrometr, snabzhennyj otvodom utechki vysokogo soprotivleniya, chto pozvolyaet nepreryvno sledit' pri pomoshchi sinkhronizovannykh zapisyvayushchikh mekhanizmov za aktivnost'yu tritiya i gidrida tritiya pri vykhode ikh khz kolonny. Razdelenie takikh smesej proveryalos' na kolonnakh, zapolnennykh palladiem na kremnezeme, kremnezemom, glinozemom i glinozemom, pokrytym okis'yu khroma ili okis'yu zheleza. Na kolonne, zapolnennoj palladiem na kremnezeme, ne bylo dostignuto ehffektivnogo razdeleniya. KHoroshee razdelenie bylo dostignuto na prostoj kremnezemnoj kolonne, kogda vodorod ispol'zovals ya v kachestve gaza-nositelya, no gelij ne smog ehlyuirovat' izotopy. Udovletvoritel'nye rezul'taty byli polucheny na kolonne, zapolnennoj pokrytym i chastichno

  16. The Performance of Major Plant Items at Calder Hall; Fonctionnement des elements principaux de la centrale de Calder Hall; Kharakteristika osnovnykh uzlov ustanovki v Kolder-Kholle; Rendimiento de los principales elementos de la central de Calder Hall

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Desbruslais, E. L. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Seascale, Cumberland (United Kingdom)

    1963-10-15

    elementos mas importantes de la central contra danos accidentales que puedan provenir de fuentes externas. Para el generador diesel de emergencia, no parece necesario prever un arranque automatico o circuitos paralelos, si bien una centralizacion no seria superflua. (author) [Russian] V techenie svyshe shesti let bol'shaya ustanovka v Kolder-Kholle ehkspluatiruetsya kak ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka s bazovoj nagruzkoj. Na nej voznikali takie khe povrezhdeniya, kak i na obychnykh ehnergeticheskikh ustanovkakh. Vse povrezhdeniya imeli mesto v obychnoj ustanovke i ni odnogo - v samikh yadernykh reaktorakh. Opyt pokazal, chto s tochki zreniya bezopasnosti reaktory i osnovnye uzly ustanovki vmeste s privodami sistemy neobkhodimo rassmatrivat' v tselom. Ne obnaruzheno nikakikh sushchestvennykh izmenenij, kotorye by davali povod dumat' o tom, chto korpus vysokogo davleniya reaktora ili grafitovyy zamedlitel' ogranichat srok ehkspluatatsii ustanovki. Asimmetrichnoe raspredelenie temperatury imeet mesto vokrug vykhodnykh gazovykh truboprovodov, i v nastoyashchee vremya ehto ogranichivaet moshchnost' reaktora. Rekomenduetsya ustanovit' vnachale dopolnitel'noe kolichestvo termopar, kontrol'no-izmeritel'nye pribory dlya opredeleniya napryazheniya i obespechit' vizual'noe nablyudenie za oblastyami vysokogo napryazheniya i temperatury. V khode normal'noj ehkspluatatsii osushiteli bol'she ne primenyayutsya, i sootvetstvenno v rezul'tate ehtogo dostignuto nebol'shoe uvelichenie moshchnosti reaktora. Dastsya rekomendatsii otnositel'no periodichnosti obsledovanij teploobmennikov, osnovnykh gazovykh truboprovodov i nizhnikh uzlov. Nebol'shoe uvelichenie v proizvodstve para dostignuto v rezul'tate umen'sheniya perepuska gaza. Nebol'shie trudnosti voznikli lish' pri ehkspluatatsii tsirkulyatorov gaza tsentrobezhnogo tipa. Otmecheno nebol'shoe snizhenie proizvodstva vnachale v rezul'tate krugovogo iskreniya kommutatorov pri vysokom napryazhenii na motorakh ventilyatorov i na generatorakh

  17. Relative Biological Effectiveness of 14-MeV Fast Neutrons to Co{sup 60} Gamma-Rays in Einkorn Wheat; Efficacite Biologique Relative des Neutrons Rapides de 14 MeV par Rapport aux Rayons Gamma de {sup 60}Co sur l'Engrain; Otnositel'naya biologicheskaya ehffektivnost' bystrykh nejtronov s ehnergiej 14 MeV i gamma-luchej CO{sup 60} pri ikh dejstvii na pshenitsu odnozernyanku; EBR de los Neutrones Rapidos de 14 MeV y de los Rayos Gamma del {sup 60}Co en el Trigo Escanda Menor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fujii, T. [National Institute of Genetics, Misima (Japan)

    1964-05-15

    The author investigated the RBE of 14 MeV neutrons to Co{sup 60} gamma-rays by using the specific locus method in Einkorn wheat. F{sub 1} seeds from the cross between the original strain and a chlorina mutant were used in this study (chlorina mutant was obtained as a single recessive mutant from X-irradiation; it was uniformly light green from seedling stage to maturity with relatively high survival rate and fertility). The F{sub 1} plants showed normal green colour and normal growth habit. Dormant F{sub 1} seeds were irradiated at 0.5 , 1.0 and 1.4 krad of fast neutrons ami 4.3 , 8.6 and 12.9 krad of gamma-rays. Mutations from dominant normal green to chlorina occurred by both irradiations and appeared in the leaves and stems of the heterozygotic Xi plants as longitudinal stripes. Around 80% of seeds germinated in the control lot and in the lowest dosage lots from both neutron and gamma-ray irradiations, and germination percentages were gradually decreased with increasing dosage of both kinds of radiation. Moreover, a similar tendency was observed at the early stage as to seedling growth which was gradually inhibited with increasing dosage. According to these results, neutron irradiation was about 13 times more effective than that of gamma-rays. Survival rate in the non-irradiated control was about 90% and about 60-80% of germinated seedlings survived in 0.5 and 1.0 krad lots from neutron irradiation and all lots irradiated by gamma-rays. On the other hand, only about 4% of germinated seedlings survived in the highest neutron lot. No mutation was observed in the control lot, and the number of plants which contained striped tillers increased with increasing dosage of both kinds of radiation. Mutated tillers were observed in about 15% of surviving plants obtained at the lowest dosage of neutron irradiation and a similar frequency was observed from the highest dosage of gamma-rays. RBE of 14 MeV neutrons to Co{sup 60} gamma-rays seemed to be at least 20 for the somatic mutation. (author) [French] L' auteur a etudie l'EBR des neutrons de 14 MeV par rapport aux rayons gamma de {sup 60}Co en appliquant a l'engrain la methode des loci specifiques. Il a utilise pour cette etude des semences Fi resultant du croisement entre l'espece originale et un mutant chlorina (le mutant chlorina e ta it le produit d'une mutation recessive induite par les rayons X ; depuis le stade de plantule jusqu'a sa maturite, le m utant a conserve une couleur vert c la ir uniforme ainsi qu'un taux de survie et une fe rtilite relativement eleves). Les plantes Fi avaient une couleur verte et une croissance normales. Des semences dormantes de F{sub 1} ont e te irradiees avec 0,5 , 1,0 et 1,4 krad de neutrons rapides et avec 4,3 , 8,6 et 12,9 krad de rayons gamma. Sous l'effet des deux types de rayonnements, il s'est produit des mutations de vert normal dominant en chlorina, sous forme de bandes longitudinales. Sur les feuilles et les tiges des heterozygotes X{sub 1}. Environ 80% des semences ont germe dans le lot temoin ainsi que dans les deux lots ayant recu la plus faible dose de neutrons et de rayons gamma; les taux de germination ont diminue a mesure qu'augmentaient les doses de neutrons et de rayons gamma. En outre, on a observe un phenomene analogue au debut de lacroissance de la plantule, qui etait progressivement inhibee a mesure qu'augmentait la dose de rayonnement. Les resultats obtenus montrent que l'irradiation par les neutrons est environ 13 fois plus efficace que celle par les rayons gamma. Le taux de survie des semences non irradiees du lo t temoin a e te de 90% environ; 60 a 80% des plantules ont survecu aux doses de 0,5 et 1,0 krad de neutrons; toutes les plantilles irradiees par les rayons gamma ont survecu. En revanche, 4% seulement des plantules ont survecu a 1,4 krad de neutrons. L'auteur n 'a pas observe de mutations chez les plantes du lo t temoin; le nombre des plantes a talles rayees a augmente en meme temps que les doses des deux types de rayonnements. E a observe des talles mutants dans pres de 15% des plantes qui ont survecu a la plus faible dose de neutrons et a constate que la frequence e ta it la meme pour les plantes qui avaient recu la dose la plus elevee des rayons gamma. L'EBR des neutrons de 14 MeV par rapport aux rayons gamma de {sup 60}Co semble etre d'au moins 20 pour la mutation somatique. (author) [Spanish] El autor estudio la EBR de los neutrones de 14 MeV con respecto a los rayos gamma del {sup 60}Co por el metodo del locus especifico en el trigo escanda menor. Empleo semillas Fi obtenidas por cruza entre la cepa original y el mutante chlorina (este ultimo se obtuvo como mutante recesivo unico por exposicion a los rayos X; conserva un color verde palido desde que germina hasta que alcanza la madurez, con indices de supervivencia y fertilidad relativamente elevados). Las plantas Fj presentan el color verde normal y tambien es normal la modalidad de desarrollo. El autor irradio las semillas de Fx latentes con neutrones rapidos (en dosis de 0,5 - 1,0 y 1,4 krad) y con rayos gamma (4 ,3 - 8,6 y 12,9 krad). Ambas radiaciones provocaron mutaciones del verde normal dominante al tono chlorina, que aparecio en las hojas y tallos de las plantas heterocigoticas en forma de rayas longitudinales. Alrededor del 80% de las semillas germino en el grupo testigo y en los grupos expuestos a los neutrones y rayos gamma en dosis bajas, pero el porcentaje de semillas germinadas fue decreciendo gradualmente a medida que aumentaba la dosis de ambos tipos de radiacion. Ademas, se observo una tendencia similar en la primera fase d el desarrollo de la plantula, que se inhibe paulatinamente al aumentar la dosis. De acuerdo con estos resultados, la irradiacion neutronica Inverted-Question-Mark s unas 13 veces mas eficaz que los rayos gamma. El in d ic e de supervivencia en el grupo testigo, no irradiado, fue del orden de 90%; en los grupos expuestos a los neutrones a razon de dosis de 0,5 y 1,0 krad, sobrevivio entre 60 y 80% de las plantulas y en los grupos tratados con rayos gamma, la supervivencia fue del 100%. En cambio, en el grupo sometido a la irradiacion neutronica con la dosis mas elevada, solo sobrevivio un 4% de las plantulas. No se observaron mutaciones en el grupo testigo y el numero de plantas que presentaba retonos rayados crecio al aumentar la dosis de ambos tipos de radiacion. Se observaron retoflos con mutaciones en un 15% de las plantas sobrevivientes tratadas con la dosis inferior de neutrones y la misma frecuencia se registro para la dceis mayor de rayos gamma. Al parecer, la EBR de los neutrones de 14 MeV con respecto a los rayos gamma de {sup 60}Co, para la mutacion somatica, es 20 como minimo. (author) [Russian] Avtor izuchal OBJe nejtronov s jenergiej 14 Mjev i gamma-luchej Sobo pri ih dejstvii na pshenicu odnozernjanku s pomoshh'ju special'nogo lokusnogo metoda. Dlja opyta ispol'zovalis' semena generacii F{sub 1} gibrida mezhdu ishodnym sortom i mutantom Chlorina (mutant Chlorina byl poluchen kak edinstvennyj recessivnyj rentgenomutant; ot stadii sejanca do nastuplenija spelosti on byl odnorodno svetlozelenym s otnositel'no vysokoj vyzhivaemost'ju i urozhajnost'ju). U rastenij F{sub 1} byla normal'naja zelenaja okraska i normal'nyj harakter rosta. Pokojashhiesja semena Ft obluchali bystrymi nejtronami v dozah 0,5, 1,0 i 1,4 krad i gamma-luchami v dozah 4,3 8,6 i 12,9 krad. Mutacii ot dominantnyh normal'nyh zelenyh do Chlorina nabljudalis' posle oboih vidov obluchenija i pojavljalis' v list'jah i stebljah geterozigotnyh rastenij X{sub 1} v vide prodol'nyh polos. Okolo 80% semjan vzoshlo na kontrol'nyh uchastkah i na uchastkah posle obluchenija ca- mymi nizkimi dozami nejtronov i gamma-luchej, procent vshozhesti postepenno snizhalsja s povysheniem dozy pri oboih vidah obluchenija. Krome togo, takaja zhe tendencija nabljudalas' i na rannih stadijah rosta sejancev, kotoryj postepenno tormozilsja s povysheniem dozy. Soglasno jetim dannym nejtronnoe obluchenie okazalos' pochti v 13 raz jeffektivnee gamma- luchej. Vyzhivaemost' neobluchennyh kontrol'nyh rastenij byla okolo 90%, a u prorosshih semjan na uchastkah posle obluchenija 0,5 i 1,0 krad nejtronov, i na vseh uchastkah posle gamma- obluchenija vyzhivaemost' sostavljala 60-80%. I, naprotiv, lish' okolo 4% prorosshih semjan vyzhili na uchastkah posle obluchenija samymi vysokimi dozami nejtronov. Na kontrol'nom uchastke mutacij ne obnaruzheno, a chislo rastenij s polosatymi pobegami vozrastalo s povysheniem dozy pri oboih bilah obluchenija. Mutantnye pobegi nabljudalis' primerno u 15% vyzhivshih rastenij, poluchivshih samye nizkie dozy nejtronnogo obluchenija, i u takogo zhe kolichestva rastenij, poluchivshih samye vysokie dozy gamma-obluchenija. OBJe nejtronov s jenergiej 14 Mjev po sravneniju s gamma-luchami Cot; v otnoshenii somaticheskih mutacij ravnjalos' po krajnej mere 20. (author)

  18. Tracer Experiments on Food Exchange in Ants and Termites; Emploi des radioindicateurs dans l'etude de la trophallaxis chez les fourmis et les termites; Izuchenie s pomoshch'yu indikatorov obmena pishchej u murav'ev i termitov; Empleo de indicadores radiactivos para estudiar la trofalaxia en las hormigas y los termites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gosswald, K.; Kloft, W. [Institute of Applied Zoology, University of Wurzburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1963-09-15

    murav'i, medonosnye pchely i termity yavlyaetsya ikh stremlenie k trofollakticheskomu obmenu pishchej, kotoryj mokhet byt' khorosho izuchen s pomoshch'yu mechennoj radioaktivnymi veshchestvami pishchi. Pri sravnitel'nom izuchenii samaya vysokaya skorost' obmena byla obnaruzhena u medonosnykh pchel, v to vremya kak u razlichnykh podsemejstv murav'ev ona byla chrezvychajno raznoobraznoj, chto dolkhvo byt' uchteno pri provedenii polevykh ehksperimentov s primeneniem indikatorov. Samoe sil'noe stremlenie k trofollakticheskomu obmenu my obnaruzhili u podsemejstva Camponotlnae. Usilenno izuchalis' murav'i Genus Formica.osobenno Formica polyctena (Forst.), i rodstvennye poligennye i polycalous vidy, kotorye igrayut vakhnuyu rol' v predupreditel'noj biologicheskoj bor'be s nasekomymi-vreditelyami lesa. Ustanovleno, chto skorost' obmena pishchej v odnom muravejnike obuslovlena temperaturoj, vremenem, kolichestvom osobej i nasyshcheniem. Drugoj problemoj yavlyaetsya vopros o tom, sushchestvuet li obmen pishchej mekhdu razlichnymi muravejnikami kolonii murav'ev odnogo vida. Pometiv otdel'nye muravejniki s pomoshch'yu vneseniya radioaktivnoj pishchi, my smogli obnaruzhit' intensivnyj obmen pishchej mekhdu razlichnymi muravejnikami kolonii, otstoyashchimi drug ot druga na rasstoyanie do 200 m. Analogichnye rezul'taty my poluchili dlya trekh razlichnykh kolonij v razlichnye gody. Sushchestvovanie takogo dal'nego obmena pishchej yavlyaetsya ochen' vakhnym dlya otsenki reguliruptsego dejstviya poleznykh vidov murav'ev v otnoshenii nasekomykhvreditelej. Lelo v tom, chto obmen prepyatstvuet bystromu nasyshcheniyu populyatsii lyubogo muravejnika vsledstvie mestnoj massovoj invazii nasekomykh v ikh predydushchem gnezde. Kak pokazali ehksperimenty s primeneniem indikatorov, sobrannaya pishcha popadaet v bol'shinstvo okruzhayushchikh muravejnikov kolonii murav'ev. Poehtomu kolonii ehtikh poleznykh lesnykh murav'ev dejstvuyut kak slokhnaya sistema s vysokoj ehkologicheskoj ehffektivnost'yu. S

  19. The use of oxygen-14 in the study of positron polarization in a Fermi-type transition; Emploi de l'oxygene-14 pour l'etude de la polarisation des positions dans une transition du type Fermi; Ispol'zovanie kisloroda-14 dlya issledovaniya polyarizatsii pozitronov v prevrashcheniyakh tipa Fermi; Empleo del oxigeno-14 en el estudio de la polarizacion de los positrones en una transicion de tipo Fermi

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmidt, F H; Gerhart, J B; Hopkins, J C; Bichsel, H; Stroth, J [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

    1962-01-15

    . Estos rayos gamma son dispersados en hierro imantado por efecto Compton e identificados en un contador de centelleo de Nal(Tl). La asimetria de .la seccion eficaz de dispersion con respecto a la direccion de magnetizacion esta relacionada con la magnitud original de la polarizacion de los positrones. El segundo metodo consistio en dirigir los positrones sobre una lamina de hierro imantada. La seccion eficaz de dispersion positron-electron, o de Bhabha, depende del sentido de la magnetizacion de la lamina de hierro con respecto a la polarizacion de los positrones. Los electrones y positrones dispersos fueron detectados en contadores de centelleo, de material plastico, conectados a un circuito de coincidencias rapidas. En ambos metodos las asimetrias previstas son pequenas, lo cual exige periodos largos de recuento. Los experimentos han demostrado que los positrones de 1 MeV procedentes de {sup 14}O tienen polarizacion dextrogira. El metodo de aniquilacion dio un valor (0,73 {+-} 0,17) v/c; el metodo de dispersion de Bhabha dio (0,97 {+-} 0,19) v/c. La teoria mas simple predice un valor de 1,00 v/c. Se supone que el metodo de dispersion de Bhabha es el que da mejores resultados, sobre todo porque la relacion entre la asimetria y la polarizacion es mas facil de calcular. (author) [Russian] V dvukh ehksperimentakh radioizotop O{sup 14} s korotkim poluperiodom raspada byl vybran dlya opredeleniya stepeni polyarizatsii obrazuyushchikhsya pri raspade pozitronov. V svete teorii dvojnogo betaraspada, predlozhennoj vpervye Li i YAngom, nesokhranenie chetnosti ukazyvaet, chto spinovyj moment kolichestva dvizheniya pozitronov polyariziruetsya v napravlenii dvizheniya na kolichestvo, proportsional'noe ikh skorosti, delennoj na skorost' sveta. Postoyannaya proportsional'nosti zavisit ot roda vzaimodejstviya, vyzyvayushchego protsess raspada. Svojstva 72-sekundnogo O{sup 14} podkhodyat dlya proverki nekotorykh aspektov ehtoj teorii. Kislorod O{sup 14} raspadaetsya ot nulevogo spina

  20. Problems raised by pulse analysers - functional multi-dimensional analysers; Problemes poses par les analyseurs en impulsions - Analyseurs multidimensionnels fonctionnels; Problemy, voznikayushchie v svyazi s ispol'zovaniem analizatorov impul'sov - funktsional'nye mnogorazmernye analizatory; Problemas planteados por los analizadores de impulsos - Analizadores multidimensionales funcionales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pages, A [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1962-04-15

    hace imposible el experimento; ademas, al estar concebidos en un solo ''bloque'', son poco adaptables a los diversos modos de empleo. En 1958-59, se estudio y construyo en Saclay un aparato multidimensional limitado a 2 vias de 63 canales. Se establecio una separacion entre las diversas funciones esenciales: analisis, transferencia (que funciona en multidimensional) y elaboracion de los resultados. Los Sres. Amram, Guillon y Thenard estan estudiando y construyendo en la SEG un analizador multidimensional de 1023 x 63 canales (destinado al grupo de medicion de velocidades neutronicas de la SPNBE). A fln de superar las limitaciones formuladas mas arriba, en el laboratorio de electronica de la SPNBE, se esta construyendo un analizador multidimensional funcional, en el cual la funcion de transferencia esta a su vez subdividida en unidades (ritmador, memoria no integradora, acondicionador y calculadora). Igual que los limites que definen las vias, los tipos de unidades elegidas varian segun las necesidades y la complejidad del experimento (idioma normal interfuncional). (author) [Russian] Vse chashche ehksperimentatory pol'zuyutsya analiticheskimi sistemami, dayushchimi vozmozhnost' poluchit' funktsiyu mnogikh para- metrov (chislo parametrov mozhet izmenyat'sya v zavisimosti ot kharaktera opyta, a takzhe ot tochnosti ego provedeniya). Sovremennye analizatory nedostatochno sootvetstvuyut vse vozrastayushchej slozhnosti opytov, i ehto proiskhodit po mnogim prichinam: chislo vozmozhnykh parametrov slishkom neznachitel'no (deblokirovanie proizvoditsya tol'ko v analizatory so 100 i 256 kanalami). EHto ogranichenie znachitel'no uvelichivaet vremya ispol'zovaniya uskoritelya. Inogda provedenie opyta stanovitsya nevozmozhnym iz-za plokhoj ''otdachi'' ehtikh analizatorov. Inogda iz-za ikh sborki v odin edinstvennyj ''blok'' im ne khvataet ''gibkosti'' v ispol'zovanii. Avtory izuchilii postroili v 1958-1959 godakh mnogorazmernuyu ustanovku, ogranichennuyu dvumya putyami po 63 kanala

  1. Nuclear Materials Management in Relation to Safety and Criticality Control: A Study of Non-Inherently Safe Systems; La Gestion des Matieres Nucleaires dans ses Rapports avec la Securite et le Controle de la Criticite; Etude des Systemes a Securite Non Inherente; Obrashchenie s yadernymi materialami s uchetom bezopasnosti i kontrolya za kritichnost'yu. izuchenie sistem dopolnitel'noj avarijnoj zashchity; La Administracion de Materiales Nucleares y sus Relaciones con la Seguridad y el Control de la Criticidad; Estudio de los Sistemas de Seguridad No Inherente

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fruchard, Y. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Marcoule (France)

    1966-02-15

    sostoit, v osnovnom, iz treh chastej s tochki zrenija kontrolja za kritichnost'ju. V pervoj chasti, gde obrabatyvajutsja dovol'no razbavlennye rastvory, neobhodim kontrol' za koncentraciej. Esli jetot kontrol' i udoben (analiz i nejtronnye schetchiki), to voznikaet trudnost' v ujasnenii togo, chto pri jetom ne obrazujutsja otlozhenija: hotja opyt i pokazal, chto ne sleduet bojat'sja jetih otlozhenij, no horosho izvestnym iz deficitnogo material'nogo balansa momentom javljaetsja zabota o kritichnosti. V jetoj chasti obrashhenie s materialami, eshhe ne polnost'ju dostignutoe, imeet pervostepennoe znachenie dlja bezopasnosti. Vo vtoroj chasti obrabatyvajutsja koncentrirovannye rastvory i syrye osadki. Geometrija materialov imeet zdes' osnovnoe znachenie. Obrashhenie s materialami imeet men'shee znachenie, no ostaetsja sushhestvennym faktorom bezopasnosti (v sluchae prinjatija special'nyh mer, chistki apparatury i t.p.). Kontrol' po masse osushhestvljaetsja v tret'ej chasti, gde obrabatyvajutsja suhie produkty. Obrashhenie ne predstavljaet soboj kakuju-libo osobuju trudnost'. Po jetoj sheme na pervoe mesto vydvigaetsja menee jeffektnyj moment, kotoryj, odnako, v plane bezopasnosti priobretaet pervostepennoe znachenie; jetot moment otnositsja k povtornym ciklam i k obrabotke othodov. Dostatochno soslat'sja na perechen' avarij, svjazannyh s kritichnost'ju, imevshih mesto v Soedinennyh Shtatah, chtoby ukazat' na to, chto iz shesti avarij pjat' imejut bolee ili menee prjamoe otnoshenie k obrabotke othodov. Esli my bolee podrobno izuchim jeti avarii, to otmetim, chto v bol'shinstve sluchaev odnoj iz prichin, kotorye privodjat k avarijam, svjazannym s kritichnost'ju, javljajutsja nedostatki v obrashhenii s deljashhimisja materialami. Sleduet takzhe podcherknut' ''global'noe'' znachenie svjazi mezhdu bezopasnost'ju i obrashheniem s jadernymi materialami; dejstvitel'no, esli jeto obrashhenie ne vsegda javljaetsja osnovoj ''pervichnogo'' kontrolja za kritichnost'ju, to ono neobhodimo

  2. Coincidence scanning with positron-emitting arsenic or copper in the diagnosis of focal intracranial disease; Exploration par coincidences avec l'Arsenic ou le Cuivre Emetteurs de Positrons dans le Diagnostic des Maladies intracraniennes localisees; Raspoznavanie ochagovykh vnutricherepnykh zabolevanij putem podscheta (skanirovaniya) sovpralenij s primeneniem mysh'yaka ili medi, vydelyayushchikh pozitrony; Exploracion por coincidencia con arsenico o cobre emisores de positrones en el diagnostico de enfermedades intracraneanas localizadas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sweet, William H; Mealey, John Jr; Brownell, Gordon L; Aronow, Saul [Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Neurosurgical Service and Physics Research Laboratory of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

    1959-07-01

    kontsentratsiej v tkani normal'nogo mozga dostigaet 30 dlya opukholej myagkikh mozgovykh obolochek (meningiom). Ostal'nye glavnye vidy opukholej, perechislennye v poryadke umen'shayushchejs ya kontsentratsii izotopa, sleduyushchie: slukhovye nevromy, glioblastomy, zlokachestvenny e metastazy i astrotsitomy. Sil'noe pogloshchenie mysh'yaka v tkani opukholi prodolzhaetsya dostatochno dolgo, chtoby povtornoe skanirovanie cherez 24 chasa posle in{sup e}ktsii davalo polozhitel'nye rezul'taty. Koehffitsient sootnosheniya mezhdu kontsentratsiej v myshtsakhiv mozgu nastol'tko velik, chto on prepyatstvuet ustanovleniyu tochnogo diagnoza, esli porazheniya raspolozheny pod nizhnimi myshtsami viska i osobenno pod verkhnimi myshtsami zatylka. Raznitsa v zakhvate izotopa mezhdu normal'noj i bol'noj tkanyo pri nalichii krovyanykh opukholej, abstsessov i zon razrusheniya mielina takzhe dostatochno znachitel'na, chtoby mozhno bylo lokalizirovat' dannoe zabolevanie u bol'shinstva patsientov. Biopsiya tkani, soderzhashchej mednyj versenat, vyyavila nalichie analogichnykh koehffitsientov , poskol'ku ikh mozhno opredelit' pri pomoshchi men'shego chisla obraztsov. Meningiomy, veroyatno, predstavlyayut soboj isklyuchenie v tom smysle, chto pri ispol'zovanii medi upomyanutye koeffitsienty yavlyayutsya bolee nizkimi. Na osnovanii analiza radioaktivnost i kak mochi, tak i vsekh vidov poluchaemykh posle posmertnogo vskrytiya tkanej my ustanovili, chto pri ispol'zovanii izotopa As{sup 74} obshchee obluchenie tela ravnyaetsya priblizitel'n o 3,2 rad posle vvedeniya obychnoj dlya skanirovaniya dozy v 2,3 millikyuri na 70 kg. vesa. Pochki pogloshchayut okolo 12,7, a pechen' 9,7 rad. Sootvetstvuyushchie tsifry dlya izotopa Cu{sup 64} sleduyushchie: 325 rad dlya vsego tela, prichem pechen' pogloshchaet 3,2 rad, tak kak ehtot organ zakhvatyvaet priblizitel'n o polovinu vvedennogo v organizm versenata. Avtomaticheskoe skanirovanie daet v dvukh odnovremenno poluchaemykh bokovykh zapisyakh podschet sovpadenij ili

  3. The Containment of Radioactive Wastes in Deep Geologic Formations; L'Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs dans les Formations Geologiques Profondes; 0423 0414 0414 ; Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos en Formaciones Geologicas Profundas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kaufman, W. J. [University of California, Berkeley (United States)

    1960-07-01

    desechos en estado semi-solido que han de almacenarse de modo permanente. Se estima que en tales casos las formaciones geologicas profundas pueden constituir un lugar de evacuacion satisfactorio desde el punto de vista de la seguridad y de la economia. En las formaciones de arenisca resulta posible acumular grandes cantidades de desechos con un alto grado de estabilidad del confinamiento. Merced a sus cavidades intersticiales y caracteristicas de intercambio ionico, esas formaciones suelen poseer una capacidad de almacenamiento muy considerable. En principio, el sistema de evacuacion que utiliza las formaciones geologicas profundas ha de consistir en un conjunto de pozos de inyeccion por los que se introducen los desechos, y de pozos de compensacion que sirven para reducir la presion en la boca de los pozos, medir la radiactividad y dirigir el flujo de tal modo que se aproveche al maximo la capacidad de almacenamiento de la formacion. Entre los datos necesarios para proyectar un sistema de este tipo figuran las propiedades de dispersion de la formacion sus caracteristicas de intercambio ionico y las propiedades quimicas y radioquimicas de los desechos. En el Centro tecnologico experimental de la Universidad de California viene funcionando desde hace dos anos un sistema piloto de dos pozos con una capa acuifera. (author) [Russian] Obychno na predprijatijah himicheskoj obrabatyvajushhej promyshlennosti radioaktivnye othody s nizkim i srednim urovnjami aktivnosti imejut mesto v takom bol'shom kolichestve, chto ih hranenie v techenie dolgogo vremeni nerentabel'no. Vo mnogih sluchajah himicheskaja obrabotka othodov mozhet obespechit' dostatochnuju ih dezaktivizaciju dlja otvoda othodov v reki ili morja. Odnako v nekotoryh sluchajah takie metody trebujut zatrat i libo ne obespechivajut dostatochnoj dezaktivacii, libo privodjat v itoge k obrazovaniju chrezvychajno bol'shogo kolichestva polutverdyh othodov, dlja kotoryh neobhodimo obespechit' stacionarnoe hranenie. Predpolagaetsja

  4. Kaizen koncept i njegova primena u logistici / Kaizen concept and its application in logistics / Применение практики Кайдзен при решении логистических задач

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Predrag J. Pešić

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Kaizen je japanska filozofija koja se fokusira na kontinualno poboljšanje, pojednostavljenje i ubrzanje procesa, smanjenjem ili eliminisanjem rasipanja, trošeći minimum potrebnih resursa, a pri tome isporučuje najbolji mogući kvalitet proizvoda ili usluga. To je proces koji, kada se uradi pravilno, humanizuje radno mesto, eliminiše preterano težak rad i uči ljude kako da vrše ispitivanja sopstvenog rada (koristeći naučne metode, eliminišući škart u procesu poslovanja. Mnoge vojne organizacije prepoznale se prednosti Kaizena i implementirale ga u svoju praksu. Kaizen je jedna od najprihvatljivijih metoda kontinualnog unapređenja procesa u logistici. Omogućava inkrementalno poboljšanje procesa, jeftin je i fleksibilan. Istovremeno, pruža mogućnost organima logistike da brzo, efektno i efikasno reaguju na sve promene u njenom turbulentnom i složenom okruženju. / Kaizen is a Japanese philosophy that focuses on continuous improvement, simplification and acceleration of processes, by reducing or eliminating waste and by spending a minimum of resources needed, while delivering the best possible quality products and services. It is a process that, when done correctly, humanizes the workplace, eliminates overly hard work and teaches people how to perform tests of their own work (using scientific methods and eliminating scrap in the business process. Many military organizations have recognized the benefits of Kaizen and implemented it into their practice. Kaizen is one of the most acceptable methods of continuous process improvement in logistics. It is cost effective and flexible and allows incremental process improvement. At the same time, it provides logistics with quick, effective and efficient responses to any changes in its turbulent and complex environment. / Кайдзен, кайдзэн (яп. 改善 – японская философия или практика, которая фокусируется на

  5. A Rapid-Insertion Control-Absorber Mechanism for Use in Hollow Fuel Elements; Mecanisme d'Insertion Rapide d'Absorbants pour Utilisation dans des Elements Creux; Mekhanizm bystrogo vvoda poglotitelya dlya ispol'zovaniya v polykh toplivnykh ehlementakh; Mecanismo para la Insercion Rapida de Absorbentes en Elementos Combustibles Huecos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    King, E. S.F. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, Berks. (United Kingdom)

    1964-06-15

    alrededor del absorbente es grande, de modo que este ultimo cae libremente cuando se suelta, venciendo solamente la resistencia debida a la viscosidad del moderador refrigerante, siendo detenido por un tope situado en una barra central que corre a lo largo del tomillo-guia hasta un amortiguador de muelle anular situado en la parte superior del mecanismo. Despues de soltar el absorbente, el obturador es desplazado hacia abajo por el motor, a toda velocidad, para volver a enganchar el absorbente. El dispositivo cabe en el elemento combustible y puede ser extraido del reactor junto con dicho elemento o separadamente, por medio de la caja de descarga de combustible. (author) [Russian] V nastojashhem doklade opisyvaetsja tehnicheskij proekt i harakteristika mehanizma s bystro vvodimym poglotitelem dlja ispol'zovanija vnutri polyh vertikal'nyh Toplivnyh jelementov reaktorov, prednaznachennyh dlja ispytanija materialov, tipa DIDO s potokom teplovyh nejtronov 10{sup 14} n/cm{sup 2}/sek. Pervonachal'noe uskorenie vvodimogo poglotitelja proishodit za schet sily tjazhesti, i polnyj vvod sterzhnja na 61 sm zanimaet 0,4 sek. Na otdeljonie ot magnita uhodit 5 millisekund. Poglotitel' vesit 7 kg, jeffektivnaja ploshhad' kadmija sostavljaet. 1000 cm{sup 2} , i on kontroliruet pochti 3% reaktivnosti. On mozhet byt' ustanovlen na mesto s. tochnost'ju do 4 x 10{sup -3}cm i izvlechen so skorost'ju 0,04 sm/sek i 0,01 sm/sek. Mehanizm sostoit iz stupenchatogo noniusnogo motora, kotoryj privodit v dvizhenie hodovoj vint i podnimaet ili opuskaet plotno prignannuju cilindricheskuju zashhitnuju probku, na nizhnem konce kotoroj nahoditsja jelektromagnit; podderzhivajushhij trubchatyj poglotitel'. Vokrug poglotitelja imjojutsja bol'shie radial'nye zazory, i pri osvobozhdenii poglotitelja on svobodno padaet, hotja ostaetsja vjazkoe trenie zamedlitelja/ohladitelja do ego ostanovki stoporom central'nogo sterzhnja, prohodjashhim cherez hodovoj vint k amortizirujushhemu ustrojstvu s kol'cevoj pruzhinoj

  6. Selective Neoplasm Localization with Mercury-197 Neohydrin; Localisation Selective de Neoplasmes a l'aide de la Neohydrine Marquee avec {sup 197}hg; Obnaruzhenie opukholej s pomoshch'yu neogidrina, mechennogo rtut'yu-197; Localizacion Selectiva de Neoplasmas con Neohidrina - {sup 197}hg

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sodee, D. B. [Doctors Hospital and Renner Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH (United States)

    1964-10-15

    parecer, la sustancia radiactiva tiende a depositarse selectivamente en regiones intercelulares. Con los aparatos de exploracion de. tipo comercial se pueden delinear facilmente las zonas de mayor absorcion de radiactividad. Tambien se comprobo la utilidad de la neohidrina-{sup 197}Hg para la diferenciacion de tumores oculares en una serie de 88 pacientes - recientemente se ha observado que este compuesto radiofarmaceutico de baja energia se concentra en los tumores nasofaringeos que luego pueden delinearse por fotoexploracion. La dosis diagnostica de neohidrina-{sup 197}Hg administrada para la exploracion del cerebro entrafla la absorcion de 3 rad por el riflon; la de neohidrina-{sup 203}Hg entrafla la absorcion de 70 rad por este ultimo organo. El elevado rendimiento de recuento del {sup 197}Hg y la facilidad con que se coliman las radiaciones que emite, hacen que este isotopo resulte mucho mas util para la exploracion gammagra-fica que cualquier otro de los agentes habitualmente empleados. (author) [Russian] RtuT'-197-izluchatel' rentgenovskih i gamma-luchej maloj jenergii (period poluraspada 2,7 dnja, konversionnoe rentgenovskoe izluchenie moshhnost'ju 69 kjev, gamma-izluchenie 77 kjev) byl oprobovan v kachestve skennirujushego sredstva v bol'shogo kolichestva bol'nyh. U 500 bol'nyh s predpolagaemymi nervohirurgicheskimi zabolevanijami proizvedeno skennirovanie po izlucheniju neogidrina, mechennogo Hg{sup 197}. S pomoshh'ju metoda fotOskennirovanija udalos' vyjavit' porazhenie sosudov i opuholi, prichem jeta metodika v 96% obespechivala korreljaciju s okonchatel'nym diagnozom. Jeta metodika rentgenologicheskogo issledovanija predshestvovala vsem drugim vidam diagnosticheskogo obsledovanija. S pomoshh'ju metoda skennirovanija golovnogo mozga avtory obnaruzhili lokalizaciju Neogidrina-Hg{sup 197} kak v limfomah, tak i v karcinomah. Po-vidimomu, imeet mesto mezhkletochnoe selektivnoe otlozhenie radioaktivnogo veshhestva. Uchastki usilennogo pogloshhenija radioaktivnosti

  7. Planned Procedures for Fast Determination of Radiation Levels and Personnel Dosimetry in Connection with Radiological Accidents; Methodes de Dosimetrie Rapide du Personnel en Cas d'Accident Radiologique; 041f 041b 0410 041d 0414 ; Servicio Organizado de Determinacion Rapida de los Niveles de Radiacion y de Dosimetria del Personal en Caso de Accidente Radiologico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Edvardsson, K. -A.; Wahlberg, T. [AB Atomenergi, Studsvik (Sweden)

    1965-06-15

    'ju. Jeta organizacija imeet svoju shtab- kvartiru, v kotoroj hranitsja oborudovanie i kotoraja imeet razlichnye vidy vnutrennih i vneshnih kommunikacij. Dlja opredelenija stepeni obluchenija neobhodimo poluchit' kak mozhno skoree predvaritel'nye dannye o moshhnosti dozy vneshnego i vnutrennego obluchenija i dovol'no tochno izmerit' stepen' obluchenija kazhdogo cheloveka, imejushhego otnoshenie k avarij, v techenie priemlemogo sroka. Special'nye gruppy po opredeleniju doz obluchenija obsledujut mesto avarii, chtoby imet' obshhuju ocenku o razmerah opasnosti. Jeti gruppy nachinajut dejstvovat' srazu zhe posle poluchenija signala trevogi. Oni imejut pri sebe portativnye pribory i peredvigajutsja na mashinah po opredelennym dorogam v meste raspolozhenija ustanovki. Prakticheskaja proverka pokazala, chto shtab-kvartira poluchaet rezul'taty obsledovanija ot jetih grupp v techenie 10 - 15 minut posle signala o radiacionnoj opasnosti, i na osnove jetih rezul'tatov mozhno sostavit' horoshee predstavlenie ob urovnjah radiacii vnutri i snaruzhi razlichnyh zdanij. Portativnoe oborudovanie vkljuchaet ustrojstva dlja vzjatija prob vozduha s krajne neznachitel'nym vremenem otbora prob, kotorye dejstvujut na osnove principa vozdushnogo jezhektora. Individual'nye vneshnie dozy opredeljajutsja na osnove jekspozicij fotoplenki, dozimetra kritichnosti, aktivacii i analiza aktivnosti volos i krovi. Vnutrennee zagrjaznenie opredeljaetsja posredstvom izmerenija aktivnosti vsego tela i radiometricheskim analizom jekskrementov. S cel'ju opredelenija polej radiacii, sozdannyh v rezul'tate avarii, rjad ustanovlennyh kontrol'nyh postov osnashhaetsja dozimetrami razlichnyh tipov, kotorye takzhe zamerjajutsja srazu zhe posle gipoteticheskoj avarii. (author)

  8. Measurements and Clinical Findings on Thorotrast Deposits in the Kidney; Mesures et Observations Cliniques Faites sur des Depots de Thorotrast dans le Rein; 0418 0417 041c 0414 ; Determinaciones y Datos Clinicos Relativos a los Depositos Renales de Torotrasto

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oberhausen, E.; Muth, H.; Grillmaier, R. [Institut Fuer Biophysik der Universitaet des Saarlandes, Homburg (Saar), Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1964-11-15

    'shim davleniem ili v to vremja imelo mesto ins'icioo- vanie pochek, to chast' ego mogla osest' v tkanjah. Vozmozhno, chto chasto jeti otlozhenija ne raspoznajutsja na rentgenogrammah, tak kak oni ochen' pohozhi na otlozhenija kal'cija v pochkah i trebuetsja nekotoryj opyt, chtoby nauchit'sja otlichat' kal'cievye otlozhenija ot torotrasta . V sotrudnichestve s urologicheskoj klinikoj avtory vyjavili sem' sluchaev za poslednie gody. V teh sluchajah, kogda otlozhenija imelis' lish' v odnoj pochke, kak jeto bylo u shesti pacientov, proizvedeno udalenie organa. Pri gistologicheskom issledovanii v 5 sluchajah obnaruzhena karcinoma i v odnom-ochen' bol'shie degenerativnye izmenenija. Soglasno nabljudenijam neobhodimyj dlja razvitija karcinomy srok sostavljaet 20 - 25 let. V dvuh sluchajah udalos' obsledovat' bol'nogo s pomoshh'ju schetchika dlja izmerenija aktivnosti vsego organizma i izmerit' radioaktivnye veshhestva v moche toron v vydyhaemom vozduhe. Vse jeti issledovanija proizvodilis' do i posle nefrjektomii. Opredeljali takzhe gamma-izluchenie izolirovannogo organa. Na osnove jetih izmerenij mozhet byt' opredelena doza obluchenija. (author)

  9. A novel time-to-pulse height converter for fast-neutron time-of-flight techniques; Nouveau convertisseur temps-amplitude d'impulsions pour les mesures du temps de vol des neutrons rapides; Novyj vremya-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' impul'sov dlya izmereniya vremeni proleta bystrykh nejtronov; Nuevo convertidor tiempo-altura de impulsos para tecnicas de tiempo de vuelo de neutrones rapidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Christiansen, J [Physikalisches Staatsinstitut, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1962-04-15

    } s con coincidencias gamma obtenidas de una fuente de {sup 60}Co y utilizando cristales plasticos NE 102, y de 2{tau} = 1,4 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} con coincidencias gamma de 511 KeV y utilizando cristales de Nal (Te). El metodo se utilizo tambien aplicando tecnicas de haces pulsantes. En la experiencia realizada se obtuvo, a partir de una radiofrecuencia pulsadora, una sucesion de impulsos muy aguzados, con una frecuencia de 8 MHz, que se transmitio a las placas de la valvula E80T. Se obtuvo un tiempo de resolucion de 2{tau} = 1,1 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} s con neutrones de 4 MeV, utilizando cristales plasticos de 0,7 pulgadas de largo. Normalmente la region de respuesta lineal fue de 30 ns (30 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} s), pero se consiguio aumentarla hasta 120 ns. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsya ehlektronnyj vremya-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' impul'sov s ispol'zovaniem metoda umnozheniya perekryvayushchikhsya impul'sov vmesto obychnogo metoda ikh slozheniya. EHto dostigaetsya polucheniem sovpadeniya linejnogo piloobraznogo impul'sa s rezko ogranichennym igol'chatym impul'som. Piloobraznyj impul's postupaet na reshetku otklonyayushchej puchok lampy (E80T), a igol'chatyj impul's napravlyaetsya na otklonyayushchie plastiny, gde on otkryvaet lampu tol'ko v techenie promezhutka vremeni priblizitel'no 5 x 10{sup -9} sekund. Plastina poluchaet zaryad, proportsional'nyj raznitse vo vremeni mezhdu nachalom piloobraznogo i nachalom igol'chatogo impul'sov. Posylaemyj plastinoj impul's rasshiryaetsya i usilivaetsya i amplituda ego sootvetstvuet velichine raznitsy vo vremeni. EHtim metodom udalos' poluchit' razreshayushchuyu sposobnost' po vremeni, ravnuyu {tau} = 7 x 10{sup -12} sekundam s iskusstvennymi impul'sami, {tau} = 3 x 10{sup -10} sekundam s sovpadeniyami dlya kobal'ta-60 pri ispol'zovanii plasticheskogo kristalla NE 102, i {tau} = 1,4 x 10{sup -9} sekundy pri sovpadeniyakh v 511 kehv pri ispol'zovanii kristallov Nal (Te). EHtot metod byl ispol'zovan takzhe v sochetanii

  10. Effects of Irradiation on the Adults of Sitophilus Sasakii Takahashi (Curculionidae) and their Offspring; Influence de l'irradiation sur les adultes de Sitophilus Sasakii Takahashi (Curculionidae) et leurs descendants; Dejstvie oblucheniya na vzroslykh osobej Sitophilus Sasakii Takahashi (Curculionidae) i na posleduyushchie pokoleniya; Influencia de la irradiacion sobre los adultos del Sitophilus Sasakii Takahashi (Curculionidae) y sus descendientes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Laviolette, P.; Nardon, P. [Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, Lyon-Villeurbanne (France)

    1963-09-15

    koehffitsienta variabil'nosti i srednego sroka vyzhivaniya v zavisimosti ot dozy predpolagaet nalichie dvukh chuvstvitel'nykh mekhanizmov, narushaemykh oblucheniem. Chuvstvitel'nost' k oblucheniyu, po-vidimomu, vozrastaet s vozrastom. S 2000 r plodovitost' sokrashchaetsya vdvoe. Pri 5000 i 6000 r nablyudaetsya faza vremennogo besplodiya. Polnaya sterilizatsiya dostigaetsya pri doze 15 000 r i vyshe. Sterilizatsiya rentgenovskimi luchami bolee ehffektivna pri 150 kv, chem pri 80 kv. Sposobnost' k oplodotvoreniyu znachitel'no bolee stojka, chem plodovitost', po otnosheniyu k oblucheniyu, potomu chto dazhe pri 16 000 r prodolzhaetsya otkladyvanie yaits. Obluchenie roditelej vedet k sokrashcheniyu plodovitosti i vesa posleduyushchikh pokolenij i uvelicheniyu sroka ikh razvitiya. Ehti posledstviya peredayutsya ot odnogo pokoleniya drugomu, prichem ehksperimentator ne vedet nikakoj selektsii. V to vremya kak dva pervykh pokoleniya imeyut tendentsiyu k ischeznoveniyu, uvelichenie sroka razvitiya prodolzhaet ostavat'sya stabil'nym, po krajnej mere, dlya desyati pokolenij. Predstavlyaetsya vozmozhnym primenenie radiatsii dlya dezinsektsii produktov pitaniya. (author)

  11. The use of radioactive tracers in lubrication and wear research; Emploi des indicateurs radioactifs dans les recherches sur la lubrification et l'usure; Ispol'zovanie mechenykh atomov pri issledovanii voprosov smazki i iznosa; Utilizacion de los indicadores radiactivos en los estudios sobre la lubricacion y el desgaste

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campbell, R B; Grunberg, L; Milne, A A; Wright, K H.R. [Lubrication, Wear and Mechanical Engineering Aspects of Corrosion Division, National Engineering Laboratory, Thorntonhall, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

    1962-01-15

    chastitsy okisi zheleza ispol'zuyutsya dlya izucheniya ikh roli v protsesse iznosa. Reaktivnost' poverkh- nosti zakalennykh metallov izuchalas' s pomoshch'yu mechennoj uglerodom-14 stearinovoj kisloty i rastvora sery-35. Skorost' reaktsii v primesi masla dlya shesteren analizirovalas' putem propuskaniya korotkikh impul'sov ehlektrotoka po metallicheskim provodam, opushchennym v rastvory soedinenij, mechennykh seroj-35 i fosforom-32. Sozdanie stojkikh k istiraniyu plenok na poverkhnosti zub'ev shesterenok izuchalos' kak funktsiya nagruzki, skorosti i vremeni raboty. Vopros, vstrechayushchijsya vo mnogikh iz vidov ehtogo primeneniya, sostoit v prevrashchenii izmeryaemoj aktivnosti v absolyutnye kolichestva materialov, prisutstvuyushchikh na poverkhnosti plenok ili v produktakh iznosa. Dlya ehtoj zhe tseli ispol'zovalis' metody kalibrovaniya. (author)

  12. Production of Strontium-90 Thermal Power Sources; Fabrication de sources d'energie thermique au strontium-90; Proizvodstvo istochnikov ''teplovoj ehnergii iz Sr''9''0; Preparacion de fuentes de energia termica con estroncio-90

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cochran, J. S.; Bloom, J. L.; Schneider, A. [Martin Company, Nuclear Division, Baltimore 3, MD (United States)

    1963-11-15

    debido a su abundancia, a sus propiedades nucleares y a la relativa facilidad con que permite construir generadores compactos de calor. Se emplean ya generadores a base de estroncio-90 para suministrar energia a centrales meteorologicas automaticas y aparatos auxiliares para la navegacion, y se esta estudiando la posibilidad de emplear este isotopo como fuente de energia para vehiculos espaciales. Se estudiaron diversos compuestos de estroncio que podian servir para este fin y se eligio el titanato porque reune las propiedades mas adecuadas. El estronico-90 se separa del resto d e los productos brutos de fision y se purifica hasta el grado requerido en las instalaciones de Hanford de la Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos. Seguidamente se introduce en forma de carbonato en la ''celda caliente'' de la Martin Company, donde se transforma en pastilla, de titanato. Se sigue e l mismo proceso que en las tecnicas quimicas y ceramicas, pero adaptado para la manipulacion a distancia. Seguidamente las pastillas se encapsulan en recipientes de ''Hastelloy C'' para emplearlas en los generadores de energia termoelectrica. Estos procesos presentan problemas poco corrientes debido a que las grandes cantidades de estroncio-90 que se manejan (que podrian alcanzar millones de curies por ano) pueden originar gravisimos riegos radiologicos y de contaminacion. La memoria describe la instalacion, el equipo, el proceso y los criterios de seguridad. Describe tambien la experiencia adquirida recientemente al elaborar el combustilble para el generador SNAP-7 con los primeros 250 000 s de estroncio-90. Proporciona algunos detalles sobre los procedimientos de encapsulado, calorimetros, de descontaminacion y de evacuacion de desechos. (author) [Russian] Odnoj iz naibolee interesnykh oblastej primeneniya ogromnogo kolichestva radioaktivnykh otkhodov yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie ikh v ustanovkakh s neposredstvennym preobrazovaniem ehnergii, prednaznachennykh dlya raboty v otdalennykh

  13. Manufacture of Wood-Plastic Combinations by Use of Gamma Radiation; Fabrication de combinaisons bois-matiere plastique a l'aide des rayons gamma; Proizvodstvo drevesno-plastmassovykh sostavov s pomoshch'yu gamma-izlucheniya; Impregnacion de maderas con materiales plasticos en presencia de radiaciones gamma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kent, J. A.; Winston, A.; Boyle, W.; Updyke, L. [Engineering Experiment Station, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (United States)

    1963-11-15

    polimerizovali. Ustanovleno, chto pronitsaemost' myagkikh sortov drevesiny znachitel'no otlichaetsya ot pronitsaemosti tverdykh sortov. V nekotorykh predelakh mozhno regulirovat' soderzhanie monomera v drevesine, chtoby poluchat' trebuemuyu kontsentratsiyu polimera v razlichnykh obraztsakh drevesiny. Privedeny krivye konversii dlya radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii metilMetakrilata, vinilatsetata i stirola v drevesine beloj sosny, belogo duba, krasnogo dereva, chernogo topolya, berezy, buka, eli i tverdogo klena. Pokazano vliyanie moshchnosti dozy na skorost' polimerizatsii v vysheprivedennykh sistemakh. Nekotorye sistemy nesovmestimy. Tak, naprimer, v drevesine krasnogo dereva ne prokhodit polimerizatsiya vinilatsetata i metidmetakridata, v to vremya kak ona proiskhodit v beloj sosne. Izuchen ryad sshivayushchikh agentov s tsel'yu ustanovit' ikh ehffektivnost' v uvelichenii skorosti polimerizatsii i proverit', nel'zya li dostich' bolee korotkogo tsikla. Rezul'taty ispytanij privedeny dlya allilakrilata, ehtilenglikolya, dimetakrilata, poliehtilenglikol'dimetakrilata, tetraizopropiltitanata, allilmetakrilata i (v sluchae stirola) divinilbenzola. Fiziko-mekhanicheskie ispytaniya, provedennye na drevesno-polimernykh kombinatsiyakh, pokazali, chto tverdost', predel uprugosti pri szhatii, razmernaya stabil'nost' i pokazateli nekotorykh drugikh svojstv vozrastayut. Obychno nablyudaetsya povyshenie khrupkosti po sravneniyu s nemodifitsirovannoj drevesinoj. Predstavleny dannye po tverdosti, predelu uprugosti pri szhatii, razmernoj stabil'nosti, staticheskomu izgibu i srezu. (author)

  14. Diagnosis of Intracranial Lesions by Gamma-Encephalography using Human Serum Albumin Labelled with Iodine-131; Diagnostic des lesions intracraniennes par la gamma-encephalographie a l'aide de la serumalbumine humaine marquee a l'iode 131; Diagnoz vnutricherepnykh povrezhdenij putem gamma-ehntsefalografii pri pomoshchi mechenoj iodom-131 albuminovoj syvorotki cheloveka; Diagnostico de las lesiones intracraneanas por gammaencefalografia mediante sero- albumina humana marcada con yodo-131

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Planiol, Therese [Institut National d' Hygiene, Paris (France)

    1959-07-01

    sto pyat'desyat sopovozhdalis' ochagom dlitel'noj povyshennoj gamma-aktivnosti. Opukholi, kotorye ne poddalis' obsledovaniyu, yavlyayutsya napolovinu opukholyami polushariya mozga, a napolovinu - opukholyami zadnej polosti i shishkovidnoj zhelezy. Byli obnaruzheny gnojniki, krovyanye opukholi, mestnye vetvistye anevrizmy. Povrezhdenie mozgovoj tkani i krovenosnykh sosudov vyzvalo v odnoj treti sluchaev anomalii: polovina ehtikh anormal'nykh grafikov imeet formu, kharakternuyu dlya razmyagcheniya godovnogo mozga (ili tromboz), nalichie kotorogo mozhet byt' takim obrazom ustanovleno; drugie zhe napominayut grafiki opukholej s toj edinstvennoj raznitsej, chto anomalii ischezayut cherez neskol'ko nedel' v sluchayakh povrezhdeniya krovenosnykh sosudov; dve treti ehtikh povrezhdenij dayut otritsatel'nuyu gamma- ehntsefalogrammu. Rasshirenie arterij, bezopukhol'ny e ochagi, vyzyvayushchie pripadki ehpillepsii i razlichnye zabolevaniya chisto nevrologicheskog o kharaktera dali v 96% sluchaev normal'nye rezul'taty. Obsledovanie mozga pri pomoshchi radioaktivnog o albumina mozhet dat' tsennye svedeniya ne tol'ko o nalichii i tochnom mestonakhozhdeni i nevrokhirurgicheskikh povreyasdenij, no i v otnoshenii ikh kharaktera. V chastnosti, ono daet bol'shie vozmozhnosti dlya opredeleniya opukholej mozgovykh obolochek, gliom i metastazov. Ehti vozmozhnosti, sovmestno so svedeniyami, kasayushchimisya polozhitel'nogo i topograficheskogo diagnoza, pridayut dannomu vidu obsledovaniya osobyj interes po sravneniyu s drugimi metodami nevrologicheskog o diagnoza. Krome togo gamma-ehntsefalografi ya obeshchaet stat' odnim iz naibolee tochnykh sredstv dlya obnaruzheniya retsidivov i dlya nablyudeniya za khodom lecheniya obychnymi metodami ili radioterapii. (author)

  15. Isotopic Ligand Exchange of Some Hexa-Coordinated Inorganic Complexes with Halide Ions in Solution and in Crystals; Echanges Isotopiques de Coordinats de Complexes Inorganiques Hexacoordonnes Avec des Ions Halogenures en Solution et dans les Cristaux; Izotopnyj obmen ligand v nekotorykh geksakoordinirovannykh ne- organicheskikh kompleksakh s ionami galoidov v rastvore i kristallakh; Intercambio Isotopico de Ligandos de Complejos Inorganicos Hexacoordinados y Iones Haluro en Solucion y en Cristales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmidt, G. B. [Institut fuer Kernchemie der Universitaet Koeln, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1965-10-15

    to, chto obmen imeet mesto s pomoshh'ju mehanizma dissociacii. Byli rasschitany jenergii aktivacii, kotorye sostavili dlja Rh-kompleksa i Ir-kompleksa sootvetstvenno 24 i 23 kkal/mol'. Izmerjalis' postojannye skorosti izotopicheskogo obmena Sl{sup 36} v diapazone temperatur 60-100 Degree-Sign S dlja trans-[Rh(en){sub 2}Sl{sub 2} ]{sup +} -kompleksa, i bylo opredeleno, chto jenergija aktivacii Arheniusa sostavljaet 25 kilokall/mol'. V dannom sluchae snova imeet mesto uvelichenie skorosti R pervogo porjadka v kompleksnoj koncentracii, odnako ona lish' neznachitel'no zavisit ot koncentracii vodoroda i hlorida. Obmen, po-vidimomu, proishodit putem gidratacii. V metanolicheskom rastvore NHC1 skorost' obmena jetogo kompleksa javljaetsja neizmerimo medlennoj pri 60 Degree-Sign S. Galoidnye obmeny trans - [ So(ep){sub 2}Sl{sub 2}]{sup +} i trans - [ So(ep){sub 2}Vg{sub 2}]{sup +} izmerjalis' v metanolicheskih rastvorah pri temperaturah ot 30 do 60 Degree-Sign S. Dalee, obmen galoidov [OsCl{sub 6}]{sup 2-} i [ Osl{sub 6}]{sup 2-} izuchalsja sootvetstvenno v soljanoj kislote i iodistovodorodnoj kislote, v metanolicheskoj kislote i jetanolicheskoj kislote. Izmerennye znachenija skorosti sravnivajutsja s bolee rannimi rezul'tatami izotopicheskogo obmena sootvetstvujushhego geksabromokompleksa. Pomimo jetih issledovanij rastvorennyh kompleksov, izuchalis' reakcii zameshhenija siz - i trans -[ Co(en){sub 2}Cl{sub 2}]S i trans - [Rh(en){sup 2} Cl] Cl v reshetke. Poluperiod obmena dlja oboih tverdyh izomernyh So-kompleksov sostavljaet priblizitel'no 4 chasa pri 150 Degree-Sign S. Bylo ustanovleno, chto pri 225 Degree-Sign S poluperiod Rh - kompleksa sostavljaet priblizitel'no 26 chasov . Rasschityvali razmery jenergii aktivacii - 30 - 35 kilokal/mol' . Obluchenie rentgenovskimi luchami privodit k uvelicheniju obmena s uvelicheniem doz. Krome togo, uskorjaetsja teplovoj obmen obluchennyh kristallov. V protivopolozhnost' kompleksam jetilendiamina tverdye Rh- i Ir

  16. Plasma Confinement in Low-Density C Stellarator Discharges; Confinement du Plasma dans des Decharges a Faible Densite dans le Stellarator C; УДЕРЖАНИЕ ПЛАЗМЫ В ''СТЕЛЛАРАТОРЕ С'' ПРИ НИЗКОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ РАЗРЯДА; Confinamiento de Plasma en Descargas de Baja Densidad en el Stellarator C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stodiek, W.; Grove, D. J.; Kessler, J. O. [Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (United States)

    1966-04-15

    skorosti poteri plazmy (otkachka) mogut imet' mesto iz-za omicheskih tokov nagreva. Odnako ranee provedennye jeksperimenty pokazali, chto otkachka sushhestvuet dazhe togda, kogda toki (normal'no neobhodimye dlja predotvrashhenija ohlazhdenija i rekombinacii) namnogo nizhe kriticheskih znachenij dlja vozbuzhdenija ionnyh voln. Odin jeksperiment, kotoryj, kazalos', podtverzhdaet gipotezu ionnyh volnovyh kolebanij, dopuskaet al'ternativnoe tolkovanie. Nastojashhij doklad posvjashhen jeksperimentam na ''stellaratore S'', v kotoryh provedeny izmerenija pri blizkih k nulju omicheskih tokah nagreva. Oni provodilis' pri nizkih nachal'nyh davlenijah (2-3 x 10{sup -6} tor) vodoroda i temperaturah jelektronov 1-2 jev. Uderzhivajushhee pole ravnjalos' obychno 12,3 kg; nebol'shoe kolichestvo izmerenij provodilos' pri 35 kg. Vrashhatel'noe preobrazovanie, ravnoe 0,75 {pi} bylo osushhestvleno s pomoshh'ju spiral'nyh obmotok s Script-Small-L =2 i Script-Small-L = 3. V jetih jeksperimentah s nizkoj plotnost'ju i nizkoj temperaturoj v''stellaratore S''sushhestvuet anomal'naja skorost' poter' pri chetyreh uslovijah raboty: 1) omicheskij nagrev, 2) nagrev za schet jelektronnogo ciklotronnogo rezonansa, 3) mikrovolnovyj omicheskij nagrev i 4) bez nagreva. My prihodim k vyvodu, chto ni nalichie aksial'nogo toka maloj velichiny, ni izmenenie plotnosti v predelah 5 x 10{sup 9} Less-Than-Or-Equal-To n{sub e} Less-Than-Or-Equal-To 2 x 10{sup 11} sm{sup -3} ne vlijajut, kak predstavljaetsja, na postojannuju vremeni poter' plazmy poperek uderzhivajushhego magnitnogo polja. Skorost' poter' nel'zja otnesti za schet otsutstvija ravnovesija, svjazannogo s konechnoj provodimost'ju. Vremja polnogo ischeznovenija plazmy vychisljaetsja po formule t 0,9 v/T{sub e} msek (V v kg, T{sub e} v jev; radius plazmy = 5 sm), pravil'nost' kotoroj nabljudalas' Hinnovom i Bishopom pri plotnostjah okolo 10{sup 13} sm{sup -3}. (author)

  17. Thermal Annealing of Paramagnetic Defects Induced by Gamma Irradiation in (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} and (ND{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} Single Crystals: Experimental Verification of the Theory of Fletcher and Brown; Recuit Thermique des Defauts Paramagnetiques Induits par Irradiation Gamma dans des Monocristaux de (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} et (ND{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4}: Verification Experimentale de la Theorie de Fletcher et Brown; 0422 0415 0420 041c 0414 ; Regeneracion Termica de los Defectos Paramagneticos Inducidos por Irradiacion Gamma en Monocristales de (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} y (ND{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4}: Verificacion Experimental de la Teoria de Fletcher y Brown

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Calusaru, A.; Barbur, I.; Ursu, I. [Institut de Physique Atomique, Bucarest (Romania); Universite ' Babes' , Cluj (Romania)

    1965-04-15

    ,996 y 2,0032, respectivamente. El estudio de la regeneracion por recocido del primer radical en el intervalo 60 Degree-Sign -170 Degree-Sign C revela la existencia de una cinetica con un solo rellano correspondiente a una recombinacion total de los radicales. Se ha podido establecer, para cada isoterma, la ecuacion correspondiente utilizando la funcion de errores deducida por Fletcher y Brown considerando el modelo de recombinacion de pares inicialmente correlacionados (y luego liberados) segun un proceso aleatorio. La concordancia entre los resultados experimentales y la funcion se obtiene corrigiendo esta mediante un factor alfa. La curva compuesta de recocido se ajusta muy bien a la funcion de errores corregida. Aplicando el metodo fenomenologico de Fletcher y Brown para calcular la energia de activacion, se ha hallado el valor de 1,594 eV, correspondiente al primer radical en el (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4}. Basandose en la variacion del coeficiente de difusion con la temperatura, se ha determinado el valor de 1,592 eV para la misma energia de activacion. Aplicando el metodo de Vand-Primack se ha hallado el valor de 1,45 eV, menor que los dos anteriores. Se estima, en conclusion, que el modelo de recombinacion de pares correlacionados segun un proceso aleatorio es aplicable en la formula dada por la teoria cuando la interaccion de las especies formadas con la red es bastante debil; en esas condiciones, los pares correlacionados inicialmente pueden liberarse. (author) [Russian] V obluchennyh kristallah (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} i (ND{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} s pomoshh'ju metoda rezonansa spina jelektrona byli identificirovany dva paramagnitnyh vida. Konstanta g pervogo radikala sostavljaet 2,014 i vtorogo-2,020 dlja sul'fata ammonija s vodorodom; te zhe konstanty dlja dejterirovannogo kristalla sostavljajut 1,9996 i 2,0032. Izuchenie otzhiga pervogo radikala pri temperaturah mezhdu 60 Degree-Sign i 170 Degree-Sign C pokazalo, chto v dannom sluchae imeet mesto

  18. Group cross-sections for fast reactors; Sections efficaces de groupes pour les reacteurs a neutrons rapides; Gruppovye secheniya reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh; Secciones eficaces de grupos para reactores rapidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zweifel, P P [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Ball, G L [Atomic Power Development Associates, Inc., Detroit, MI (United States)

    1962-03-15

    entre coeficientes de difusion de grupos, capacidad de moderacion y secciones eficaces de absorcion. Se demuestra que la definicion de las secciones eficaces de absorcion de grupos basada en integrales de resonancia eficaz que se emplea frecuentemente no es correcta, siendo preciso modificarla de acuerdo con el metodo de grupos multiples que se utilice. (author) [Russian] Daetsya obshchij obzor mnogogruppovykh diffuzionnykh uravnenij i rassmatrivaetsya pravil'naya forma gruppovykh poperechnykh sechenij. V chastnosti, pokazano, chto srednee poperechnoe sechenie perenosa mozhet do nekotoroj stepeni priblizitel'no byt' vyrazheno v vide srednej velichiny svobodnogo probega. Podschet takogo kolichestva zanimaet mnogo vremeni, tak kak on ne poddaetsya vyrazheniyu v vide ehlementarnogo usredneniya ; odnako podtverdilis' nekotorye neravnomernosti chto uproshchaet neobkhodimyj metod usredneniya. Rassmatrivayutsya tri sleduyushchikh voprosa gruppovykh poperechnykh sechenij, kotorye chasto ignoriruyutsya, no kotorye mogut imet' znachenie pri detal'nom izuchenii proekta : a) Ispol'zovanie odnoj i toj zhe serii usrednennykh po gruppam sechenij dlya vsekh reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh nichego ne daet, esli spektry razlichnykh reaktorov ne odinakovy i esli secheniya bystro izmenyayutsya v gruppe; takoe polozhenie chasto imeet mesto. Daetsya opisanie metoda povtoreniya, posredstvom kotorogo ustanavlivaetsya pravil'noe usrednenie, i ehtot metod ispol'zuetsya dlya opredeleniya vliyaniya spektral'nykh ehffektov na reaktornye raschety. b) Pri raschetakh perenosa, takikh, kak S{sub n} usredneniya dolzhny byt' vypolneny kak po uglu, tak i po ehnergii. Tak kak potok nel'zya razdelit' na 'uglovoj' i 'ehnergeticheskij', neobkhodimo ochen' tshchatel'no izbegat' oshibochnykh rezul'tatov. Uravnenie S{sub n} izuchaetsya v vide prostoj modeli, i poluchaetsya kriterij, kotoryj mozhet okazat'sya poleznym pri opredelenii znacheniya uglovoj nerazdelimosti v reaktornykh raschetakh. c) Na osnove

  19. Beta-Excited Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation; Sources de rayonnements electromagnetiques excites par des particules beta; Vozbuzhdennye beta-chastitsami istochniki ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya; Fuentes de radiacion electromagnetica excitadas por particulas beta

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cameron, J F; Rhodes, J R [Physics Group, Isotope Research Division, (AERE), Wantage Research Laboratory, Wantage, Berks (United Kingdom)

    1962-01-15

    incluyen cuadros que permiten escoger la fuente optima para absorbentes de distintos espesores. (author) [Russian] Avtory dayut opisanie vozbuzhdennykh beta-chastitsami istochnikov ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya v ehnergeticheskom rajone ot 1 do 200 kehv i prigodnykh dlya promyshlennogo ispol'zovaniya. V kachestve istochnikov beta-chastits byli vzyaty tritij, prometij-147, kripton-85, tallij-204 i strontsij-90+ ittrij-90, poskol'ku oni imeyut prodolzhitel'nyj period poluraspada, nebol'shuyu stoimost', vysokuyu udel'nuyu aktivnost' i legkost' ikh polucheniya. Dlya izgotovleniya vozbuzhdennykh beta-chastitsami istochnikov staralis' dostignut' kompromissa mezhdu prakticheskimi trebovaniyami konstruktsii i nailuchshej teoreticheskoj ehffektivnost'yu v dannoj ehnergeticheskoj zone. V dannoj annotatsii avtory raz{sup y}asnyayut putem podscheta kolichestva protonov, izluchaemykh beta-chastitsami, i predusmatrivayut vnesenie izmenenij v ehti podschety dlya samoabsorbtsii rentgenovskogo izlucheniya. EHti podschety uchityvayut v to zhe samoe vremya tormoznoe izluchenie i kharakteristicheskie flyuorestsentnye luchi, maksimal'nyj vykhod kharakteristicheskikh luchej, dostigaemyj dlya mishenej Z ot 40 do 60. Nakonets, oni utverzhdayut, chto v zhelaemoj ehnergeticheskoj zone poluchayut kak luchshij vykhod fotonnogo izlucheniya so ''sloenymi'' mishenyami, sloj polovinnogo oslableniya kotorogo sootvetstvuet dline probega 1-2 beta. Alyuminij, serebro i zoloto s proizvodstvennoj tochki zreniya yavlyayutsya podkhodyashchimi ehlementami dlya pokrytiya istochnikov. Oni takzhe dayut udovletvoritel'nye vykhody tormoznogo izlucheniya i rentgenovskogo izlucheniya i raspredelenie po razlichnym ehnergeticheskim zonam v radiuse ot 0 do 200 kehv pri pravil'nom ob{sup e}dinenii s vysheukazannymi beta-izluchatelyami. Dayutsya nekotorye ehnergeticheskie spektry i privodyatsya krivye pogloshcheniya v alyuminii i zheleze dlya nailuchshikh kombinatsij istochnikov mishenej. Byla obnaruzhena neznachitel

  20. Pointing Out Main Factors from Design, Construction and Operating Experience of Existing Nuclear Plants for Assisting in Shaping Future Nuclear Power Programmes; Les principaux criteres degages de l'etude, de la construction et de l'exploitation des centrales nucleaires existantes et leur interet pour l'elaboration des futurs programmes d'energie d'origine nucleaire; Ukazanie osnovnykh faktorov proektirovaniya, stroitel'stva i opyta ehkspluatatsii sushchestvuyutsikh atomnykh ehlektrostantsij, chto dolzhno pomoch' pri sostavlenii budushchikh programm atomnoj ehnergetiki; Principales consideraciones relativas al diseno, construccion y explotacion de centrales nucleares, encaminadas a facilitar la preparacion de programas futuros de energia nucleoelectrica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dalla Volta, F. [Comitato Nazionale per l' Energia Nucleare, Rome (Italy)

    1963-10-15

    ehlektrostantsii mogut tselikom ili bol'shej chast'yu okupit'sya raskhody po razrabotke ochen' nadezhnykh obolochek. Rassmatrivaetsya sposobnost' oprobirovannykh tipov stantsij udovletvoryat' trebovaniya ehnergosistemy i ikh prigodnost' takzhe v svyazi s uvelichayushchejsya rol'yu yadernykh ehlektrostantsij. I,nakonets, podcherkivaetsya vazhnost' problemy sbora i interpretatsii dannykh o rabote trekh ehlektrostantsij, ehkspluatatsiya kotorykh nachinaetsya v Italii, chto dolzhno pomoch' pri proektirovanii novykh stantsij. (author)

  1. Effects of Radiation on Germ Cells of Insects: Dominant Lethals, Gamete Inactivation and Gonial-Cell Killing; Effets des rayonnements sur les cellules germinales des insectes: letalite dominante, inactivation des gametes et destruction des cellules des gonades; Vozdejstvie radiatsii na polovye kletki nasekomykh: dominantnye letali, inaktivatsiya gamet i umershchvlenie polovykh kletok; Efectos de las radiaciones sobre las celulas germinales de los insectos: elementos letales dominantes, inactivacion de los gametos y exterminacion de las celulas gonadicas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Von Borstel, R. C. [Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1963-09-15

    (otryad nastoyashchikh poluzhestkokrylykh Coccldae)) predstavlyayut soboyu osobye sluchai, i ikh reaktsiya na obluchenie znachitel'no otlichaetsya ot reaktsii nasekomykh drugikh vidov. Pri istreblenii populyatsij nasekomykh oblucheniem samtsov dominantnaya detal'nost' predstavlyaetsya stol' zhe perspektivnoj dlya vidov s odnokratnym sparivaniem, kak i dlya vidov s mnogokratnym sparivaniem. Inaktivatsiyu spermy i umershchvlenie polovykh kletok mozhno schitat' primerami polucheniya istinnoj steril'nosti, naibolee ehffektnoj dlya vidov, gde sparivanie proiskhodit odnokratn'. Dlya naibolee ehffektivnogo istrebleniya dolzhny vybirat'sya takie dozy, kotorye vedut k polucheniyu maksimal'noj dominantnoj letal'nosti, proizvodyat minimal'nuyu inaktivatsiyu spermy i vyzyvayut polnoe umershchvlenie polovykh kletok. Ehti parametry legko poddayutsya opredeleniyu posredstvom izmereniya zhiznesposobnosti gamet, ehksperimentami s konkurentsiej mezhdu obluchennymi i neobluchennymi populyatsiyami, a takzhe gistologicheskim issledovaniem gonad. (author)

  2. Pleistocene lake level changes in Western Mongolia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borodavko, P. S.

    2009-04-01

    cane sedges and horsetails dominant. The benthic fauna is poor, and only single pecimens of molluscs and amphipods are met. The ichtyofauna is represented by Oreoleuciscus Pewzowi. Previous and modern investigations of these lakes, their morphologies and deposits, allow to specify periods of extension of the lakes and palaeogeographical conditions. Two clear extension periods can be determined in the Mongolian Great Lakes Basin, corresponding to Mid-and Late Pleistocene transgressions. During the Mid-Pleistocene transgression the current Lakes Har-Us Nur, Dorgon Nur, Hara Nur, Airag Nur and Hyargas were integrated to a united lake, with a maximal level at 1265 m. and total water area about 23 158 km2 . The maximal thickness of Mid-Pleistocene lake deposits is 70 m. Late Pleistocene lake sediments are investigated in sections near Dzabhan River and Hyargas Nuur shorelines. They consist of laminated sand, clay and gravel with cryogenic structures at the base and upper part of sections. The mean thickness of Late Pleistocene lake deposits is 20-35 m. The main characteristics of Late Pleistocene lake features are represented by a very bright "lake relief" — obvious steps of shorelines, gravel bands, bars and spits. The specific structure of Late Pleistocene lake cross-sections allows to separate two transgressions within this period. In the first half of the Holocene a minor regression of several meters occurred. Elements of the modern time aeolian relief were still inundated on the north shore of Lake Har-Us Nur. Researches funded by RFBR (Grant 08-05-00037-a) References 1. Geomorfologiya Mongol'skoi Narodnoi Respubliki (Geomorphology of the Mongolian People Republic). M.: Nauka, pp. 135-148. 2. Ozera MNR i ikh mineral'nye resursy (Lakes of MPR and their mineral resources), 1991. Moscow, Nauka, 136 p. 3. Sevastyanov, D.V., Shuvalov, V.F. and Neustrueva, I. Yu. (Eds.), 1994. Limnologiya i paleolimnologiya Mongolii (Limnology and Palaeolimnology of Mongolia). St

  3. A Survey of the Fuel Cycles Operated in the United Kingdom; Etude d'ensemble sur les cycles de combustible au Royaume-Uni; Obzor toplivnykh tsiklov, ispol'zuemykh v soedinennom korolevstve; Estudio de los ciclos de combustible utilizados en el Reino Unido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Allday, C. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Risley, Warrington, Lancs (United Kingdom)

    1963-10-15

    protsessa head-end, kotoryj budet vveden na zavode po otdeleniyu okisi magniya v Uindskejle . Obogashchennyj uran dlya ehtogo reaktora proizvoditsya v Soedinennom Korolevstve. Diffuzionnyj zavod nakhoditsya v Kapenkherste. Al'ternativoj dlya obogashchennoj okisi urana v kachestve topliva yavlyaetsya plutonij, obogashchennyj okis'yu prirodnogo urana. V doklade soderzhitsya opisanie opyta po proizvodstvu okisi, yavlyayushchejsya toplivom dlya usovershenstvovannogo reaktora s gazovym okhlazhdeniem, ehkspluatatsionnogo opyta raboty na reaktore, poluchennogo do oikh por, i planov po pererabotke topliva. Rassmatrivaetsya vopros ob al'ternativnom ispol'zovanii plutonievogo topliva i ego vliyanii na stoimost' i toplivnyj tsikl. Nakonets, v doklade ukazyvaetsya mesto reaktora ''Magnoks'' i usovershenstvovannykh reaktorov AGR v ehnergeticheskoj programme Soedinennogo Korolevstva. (author)

  4. The Depths of the Ocean and the Question of Radioactive Waste Disposal in Them; Les Grandes Fosses Oceaniques et l'Immersion des Dechets Radioactifs dans ces Eaux Profondes; 0413 041b 0423 0414 ; Cuestiones Relacionadas con la Inmersion de Desechos Radiactivos en las Grandes Fosas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bogorov, V. G.; Tareev, B. A.; Fedorov, K. N. [Oceanographical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (Russian Federation)

    1960-07-01

    imelo mesto posle ispytatel'nyh vzryvov v Tihom okeane. Takim obrazom, sleduet priznat', chto nel'zja proizvodit' zahoronenie radioaktivnyh othodov v glubokovodnyh vpadinah mirovogo okeana, ne podvergaja tem samym naselenie vsego zemnogo shara opasnosti radioaktivnogo zarazhenija. (author)

  5. Radiation Polymerization of Acetylene Hydrocarbons. Special Features; Particularites de la polymerisation radiochimique des hydrocarbures acetyleniques; Radiatsionnaya polimerizatsiya atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh; Particularidades de la radiopolimerizacion de los hidrocarburos acetilenicos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barkalov, I. M.; Gol' danskij, V. I.; Go, Min' -Gao

    1963-11-15

    termo- i fotookislitel'noj destruktsii polimerov. Udobnym sposobom polucheniya podobnykh polimerov yavlyaetsya radiatsionnaya polimerizatsiya atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh. Tol'ko ehtot sposob obespechivaet poluchenie polimerov, svobodnykh ot zagryazneniya initsiatorami pri nizkikh temperaturakh. Kinetika radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii fenilatsetilena i drugikh atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh imeet ryad osobennostej, kharakternykh dlya ionnoj polimerizatsii, no sovershenno neobychnykh dlya radikal'noj (skorost' polimerizatsii proportsional'na pervoj stepeni skorosti initsiirovaniya; ehnergiya aktivatsii ochen' mala; ket ingibirovaniya kislorodom). Tem ne menee ehta polimerizatsiya yavlyaetsya, vidimo, radikal'noj. K takomu vyvodu my prishli na osnove issledovaniya initsiirovaniya polimerizatsii atsetilenovykh uglevodorodov tipichno radikal'nymi initsiatorami - perekis'yu benzoila i dinitrilom azoizomaslyanoj kisloty. V ehtoj svyazi izuchalis' osobennosti kinetiki i mekhanizma raspada perekisi v prisutstvii atsetilenovykh uglevodorodov (naprimer, fenilatsetilena, dejtero-fenilatsetilena i metilfenilatsetilena). Izuchalis' takzhe kinetika radiatsionnoj sopolimerizatsii fenilatsetilena s razlichnymi vinilovymi monomerami i sostav sopolimerov pri razlichnykh iskhodnykh smesyakh. EHti dannye, a takzhe rezul'taty izucheniya kinetiki ingibirovannoj polimerizatsii fenilatsetilena (ingibitor - benzokhinon) ukazyvayut na maluyu reaktsionnuyu spooobnost' fenilatsetilenovogo radikala. Sil'nye otkloneniya ot pravila additivnosti pri radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii v razlichnykh rastvoritelyakh svidetel'stvuyut o nalichii sil'nogo perenosa ehnergii k atsetilenovym uglevodorodam i ikh polimeram. (author)

  6. Development of Non-Metallic Fuel Elements for a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor; Mise au point d'elements combustibles non metalliques pour un reacteur a haute temperature, refroidi par un gaz; Razrabotka nemetallicheskikh teplovydelyashchikh ehlementov dlya vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora s gazovym okhlazhdeniem; Elementos combustibles no metalicos para un reactor de temperatura elevada refrigerado por gas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liebmann, B.; Schafer, L.; Spener, G. [NUKEM, Nuklear-Chemie und -Metallurgie G.m.b.H., Wolfgang bei Hanau, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1963-11-15

    /Krupp'' byli rassmotreny i razrabotany dva razlichnykh vida teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementov. Oba varianta ispol'zuyut grafitovyj sharik diametrom b sm, soderzhashchij tsilindricheskuyu tabletku topliva diametrom okolo 20 mm i vysotoj 16 mm. Oba vida teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementov razlichayutsya po tipu toplivnoj tabletki, a takzhe po metodu izgotovleniya grafitnogo sharika. Tabletka pervogo vida sostoit iz smesi UO{sub 2} i grafita, poluchennoj smeshivaniem U{sub 3}O{sub 8} s grafitom, pressovaniem tabletok i posleduyushchim vzaimodejstviem komponentov v vakuumnoj pechi pri 1800{sup o}C. Atomnoe otnoshenie U : C ravnyaetsya 1:45. Vvidu togo, chto takoj tip toplivnoj tabletki ne uderzhivaet polnost'yu produktov delenii, prishlos' obespechit' nepronitsaemost' grafitnogo sharika putem propitki, chtoby poluchit' teplovydelyayushchij ehlement, uderzhivayushchij produkty deleniya. Udalos' dostich' koehffitsientov fil'tratsii poryadka 10{sup -6} cm{sup 2}/sek. Toplivnaya tabletka vtorogo vida sostoit iz tverdogo rastvora UC v ZrC i pokryta sloem ieh ZrC. Molyarnoe otnoshenie UC:ZrC ravnyaetsya 1:20. Izgotovlenie toplivnykh tabletok provodilos' sleduyushchim sposobom: iz smesi UO{sub 2},ZrO{sub 2} i grafita otpressovyvalis' tabletki, v kotorykh komponenty vzaimodejstvovali do obrazovaniya karbidov. Izmolotye v sharovoj mel'nitse karbidy podvergalis' goryachej pressovke pri temperaturakh okolo 2000{sup o}C. Pri ehtom dostigalis' plotnosti bolee chem 95% teoreticheskoj. V rabote dano podrobnoe opisanie metoda izgotovleniya, a takzhe ukazany nekotorye fizicheskie svojstva toplivnykh tabletok. Ehtot tip toplivnykh tabletok udovletvoritel'no uderzhivaet gazoobraznye produkty deleniya, tak chto okazalos' vozmozhnym vklyuchit' ikh v nepropitannye grafitnye shariki. Obsuzhdayutsya i prochie preimushchestva reaktornykh topliv podobnogo roda. (author)

  7. Studies on the Utilization, Metabolism and Function of Sterols in the House-Fly, Musca Domestica; Utilisation. Metabolisme et fonctions des sterols chez la mouche domestique (Musca Domestica); Izuchenie usvoeniya, metabolizma i funktsii sterinov v organizme domashnej mukhi Musca Domestica; Estudios sobre la asimilacion, el metabolismo y la funcion de los esteroles in la mosca comun (Musca Domestica)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Robbins, W. E. [United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Entomology Research Division, Beltsville, MD (United States)

    1963-09-15

    ambos casos el proceso de asimilacion y metabolismo de estos esteroles. Sin embargo, no hubo transformacion apreciable de {beta}-sitosterol en colesterol. En las dietas de las larvas se utilizaron tambien cantidades de colesterol inferiores al minimo necesario, combinadas con ''esteroles de ahorro''', como el colestanol, que pueden suministrar solo una parte del esterol que necesita el insecto. La asimilacion y el destino final del ''esterol de ahorro'' se han estudiado empleando colestanol-{sup 14}C; tambien se esta estudiando el metabolismo de la-minuscula cantidad de colesterol esencial, empleando para ello colesterol-{sup 14}C de elevada actividad especifica. Se han utilizado tambienotrasespeciesdeinsectos, entre ellos la cucaracha alemana (Blattella germanica), para completar el estudio de los modos de asimilacion y los esquemas metabolicos de los esteroles en la mosca comun. (author) [Russian] Bydo obnaruzheno, chto bol'shinstvu nasekomykh nuzhen dieticheskij istochnik sterinov dlya normal'nogo rosta i metamorfozy lichinki. Rabota posvyashchena dvum dopolnitel'nym fiziologicheskim funktsiyam sterinov v organizme domashnej mukhi Musca domestica L . : 1) Istochnik sterinovogo pitaniya sovershenno neobkhodim dlya obrazovaniya vynoslivykh zhiznesposobnykh yaits u zhenskikh osobej mukhi; pri nedostatochnom sterinovom pitanii yajtsa obrazuyutsya, no ikh vynoslivost' i zhiznesposobnost' yavlyayutsya nizkimi. 2) KHolesterin takzhe igraet rol' v mobilizatsii i ispol'zovanii rezervov pitaniya pri sozrevanii yaichnikov u samok domashnikh mukh. Izuchalas' kolichestvennaya potrebnost' v sterine pri vysheukazannykh fiziologicheskikh protsessakh i metabolicheskikh prevrashcheniyakh, proiskhodyashchikh vo vremya rosta, metamorfozy i razmnozheniya u ehtikh nasekomykh. Issledovaniya provodilis' s pomoshch'yu mechennykh uglerodom-14 i tritiem sterinov v sochetanii s razlichnymi analiticheskimi metodami, vklyuchaya obratnoe izotopnoe razbavlenie, gazovo-zhidkostnuyu khromatografiyu

  8. Low-Level {beta} and {gamma} Counting in the Region 0-10 Disintegrations Per Minute; Comptage {beta} et {gamma} d'echantillons de faible activite (0 a 10 desintegrations par minute); Izmerenie {beta}- i {gamma}-izlucheniya maloj moshchnosti (0-10 raspadov v minutu); Recuento {beta} y {gamma} de muestras de baja actividad (0 a 10 desintegraciones por minuto)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manov, George G [Tracerlab Inc. (United States)

    1960-06-15

    (antisovpadenij) dlya umen'sheniya fona. Izmereniya proizvodilis' s pomoshch'yu sleduyushchikh tipov schetchikov: a) toptsevym, b) tsilindricheskim, s) stsitillyatsionnym 4 {pi}. V dokumente udelyaetsya nekotoroe vnimanie trudnostyam polucheniya svobodnogo ot aktivnosti materiala, ispol'zuemogo dlya proizvodstva schetchikov. V nem privodyatsya dannye o materialakh s razlichnym soderzhaniem aktivnosti, kotorye mozhno svobodno priobresti. Nakoplenie takikh materialov, poluchennykh preimushchestvenn o eshche do vtoroj mirovoj vojny, bystro prevrashchaetsya v neobkhodimost'. Nadezhnost' ehlektronnoj sistemy yavlyaetsya neobkhodimoj dlya izmerenij izlucheniya maloj moshchnosti, v chastnosti, dlya togo, chtoby isklyuchit' podschet pobochnykh impul'sov. V dokumente daetsya opisanie sistemy, v kotoroj redkie impul'sy, posle izmereniya ikh skorosti, napravlyayutsya v ehlektronnuyu tsep', prokhodyat cherez usilitel' i vyvodyatsya cherez osnovnoj vykhodnoj kanal schetnogo mekhanizma. V osnovnom tranzistornaya skhema, vklyuchayushchaya predvaritel'noe usilenie i (ehlektro)pitanie , yavlyaetsya bolee udovletvoritel'noj, chem skhema, ispol'zuyushchaya vakuumnuyu lampu. (author)

  9. EURATOM's Programme of Participation in Power Reactor Construction; Le programme de participation d'Euratom aux reacteurs de puissance; Programma uchastiya v razrabotke ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov Evratoma; El programa de participacion de la Euratom en la construccion y explotacion de reactores de potencia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ramadier, R. C.; Parker, E. [Communaute Europoenne de l' Energie Atomique, Bruxelles (Belgium)

    1963-10-15

    razrabotke dvukh ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov. Ehti zaprosy byli predstavleny sootvetstvenno Ob''edineniem Rheinisch-Westffllischee Elektrizitfltswerk - Bayernwerke (RWE-BW) N.V. Samenwerkende Electriciteits -Productiebedriyve. Pervyj zapros kasaetsya kipyashchego reaktora s dvojnym tsiklom moshchnost'yu v 237 mgvt ehl), vtoroj - kipyashchego reaktora s pryamym tsiklom i estestvennoj tsirkulyatsiej moshchnost'yu v 50 mgvt (ehl). Sovmestnoe uchastie mozhet prinimat' razlichnye formy. Ono mozhet, v chastnosti, vylit'sya v uchastie pri pokrytii veroyatnogo defitsita pri proizvodstve ehlektroehnergii na ehlektrostantsiyakh v techenie pervykh let ikh ehkspluatatsii. Takoe uchastie Evratoma imelo tsel'yu pooshchrit' stroitel'stvo nekotorykh iz ehtikh atomnykh ehlektrostantsij. K tomu zhe ono pozvolit i v dal'nejshem poluchat' chrezvychajno poleznuyu informatsiyu v posleduyushchie gody, kogda problemy predstoyashchej deyatel'nosti v oblasti razvitiya atomnoj ehnergii vstanut so vsej ochevidnost'yu. (author)

  10. The physics design of EBR-II; Physique du reacteur EBR-II; Fizicheskij raschet ehksperimental'nogo reaktora - razmnozhitelya EVR-II; Aspectos fisicos del reactor EBR-II

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loewenstein, W. B. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

    1962-03-15

    hexagonal del reactor los datos obtenidos en geometrias simples idealizadas, analiticas o experimentales. Se compara el rendimiento nuclear, incluso el de reproduccion, del reactor real con el del modelo teorico y se describen las variaciones a largo plazo de la reactividad y de la generacion de energia en la envoltura fertil, refiriendolas a los ciclos propuestos para el combustible y la envoltura fertil. La memoria formula consideraciones sobre la seguridad estudiando en particular la introduccion de indices de reactividad normales y anormales y la consecuencia de supuestos efectos de reactividad, que se basan en el comportamiento fisico de la aleacion combustible y de la estructura del reactor, asi como en la extrapolacion al sistema del EBR-II de los experimentos realizados con el conjunto TREAT. Por ultimo, examina el problema de la fusion del cuerpo del reactor EBR-II. (author) [Russian] Vychisleniya statisticheskogo, dinamicheskogo i dlitel'nogo rezhima reaktivnosti ehksperimental'nog o reaktora-razmnozhitel ya EBR-II dayutsya sovmestno s rezul'tatami i analizom ehksperimentov na reaktore EBR-II po dostizheniyu kritichnosti v sukhom sostoyanii i otdel'nykh ehksperimentov na reaktore ZPR-III. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya problemam fizicheskogo rascheta reaktora, kotorye voznikayut posle opredeleniya printsipial'noj skhemy i do sooruzheniya ili vvoda reaktora v ehkspluatatsiyu. Opisyvayutsya analiz bezopasnosti reaktora i soobrazheniya po otsenke opasnostej, a takzheikh vliyanie na raschet reaktora. V doklade opisyvaetsya sposob ispol'zovaniya modeli EBR-II na osnovanii poluchennykh na reaktore ZPR-III dannykh, a takzhe dannykh sukhoj kritichnosti reaktora EBR-II. EHti ehksperimenty, ikh analiz i teoreticheskie vykladki yavlyayutsya osnovoj dlya opredeleniya fizicheskogo povedeniya reaktornoj sistemy. Bolee podrobno issleduyutsya ogranicheniya, prisushchie primeneniyu ehksperimental'nykh dannykh k rassmatrivaemo j ehnergeticheskoj reaktornoj sisteme. Syuda otnosyatsya

  11. Adsorption studies at ionized surface layers by means of hot atoms; Etude, a l'aide d'atomes excites, de l'adsorption dans des couches superficielles ionisees; Issledovanie pri pomoshchi goryachikh atomov adsorbtsii na ionizirovannykh poverkhnostnykh sloyakh; Estudios, con ayuda de atomos excitados, de la adsorcion en capas superficiales ionizadas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Avrahami, Menashe; Steiger, Naftali H [Department of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Israel)

    1962-03-15

    adsorcion de las especies ionizadas, fue posible seguir las reacciones superficiales por las que los aniones organicos adsorbidos inicialmente pasan al estado no ionico. Los autores pudieron deducir la formacion de un jabon acido no ionizado en la superficie y llegar a conclusiones sobre la formacion de micelas en la masa de la solucion, en diversas condiciones experimentales. (author) [Russian] S pomoshch'yu goryachikh atomov mozhno neposredstvenno issledovat' yavleniya adsorbtsii ionov na poverkhnosti rastvorov aktivnykh veshchestv s ionizirovannoj poverkhnost'yu. K takim rastvoram dobavlyayutsya chrezvychajno malye kolichestva sootvetstvuyushchikh radioaktivnykh ionov ili ionov, mogushchikh podvergnut'sya na meste navedennym yadernym pre- obrazovaniyam: ehti iony zamenyayut obychnye sluzhashchie dlya otscheta iony, adsorbirovannye vmeste s pervichnymi organicheskimi ionami. Goryachie atomy s ehnergiej priblizitel'no ot 100 kehv i vplot' do neskol'kikh ehlektronvol't dayut v vode sloi tolshchinoj priblizitel'no ot 1000 angstremov i vplot' do odnomolekulyarnykh. EHto delaet ikh prigodnymi dlya izucheniya chuvstvitel'nogo poverkhnostnogo sloya. Goryachie atomy, vytalkivaemye s poverkhnosti, sobirayutsya i podvergayutsya otschetu. Sredi otdach, ispytyvayushchikh al'fa-raspad, okazalas' podkhodyashchej sistema Bi-212/Tl-208. Putem dal'nejshej razrabotki ehtogo metoda mogli byt' polucheny tsennye svedeniya otnositel'no uslovij adsorbtsii na poverkhnostnykh sloyakh sernokislogo natriya dodetsilovoj kisloty. Kinetika adsorbtsii byla izuchena nablyudeniem vo vremeni za aktivnost'yu sobrannoj otdachi, vyzvannoj adsorbtsiej ionov vismuta. Byli zamereny izotermy adsorbtsii ionov vismuta v funktsii ot massovoj kontsentratsii poverkhnostnogo aktivnogo veshchestva v razlichnykh usloviyakh ionnoj intensivnosti, a takzhe rN i aktivnost' Bi-212. Putem sopostavleniya ehtikh izoterm s izotermami, poluchennymi izmereniem poverkhnostnogo napryazheniya rastvorov i putem podscheta

  12. Universal Instability in a Thermal Plasma Device (Q-Machine); Instabilite Universelle dans une Machine a Plasma Thermique (Machine-Q); Issledovaniya universal'noj neustojchivosti v ustrojstve dlya termicheski ionizovannoj plazmy; Inestabilidad Universal en un Dispositivo de Plasma Termico (Maquina Q)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lashinsky, H. [University Of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

    1966-04-15

    uderzhivajushhemu magnitnomu polju. Sootvetstvujushhie bezrazmernye parametry mogut var'irovat'sja v takih predelah, chtoby rezul'taty mozhno bylo sopostavljat' v celjah sravnenija s plazmami, predstavljajushhimi interes dlja termojadernyh issledovanij, i upravljaemaja neustojchivost' mogla by byt' vyzvana sootvetstvujushhim regulirovaniem anodnogo rezhima na plastinah s metallicheskimi okonchanijami putem ispol'zovanija metodov upravlenija anodom, kotorye rassmatrivajutsja vmeste s osnovnoj'teoriej. Pri ispol'zovanii jetih metodov amplituda ascilljacij, mozhet uderzhivat'sja na proizvol'no ustanovlennyh nizkih urovnjah i povedenie neustojchivosti mozhet byt' proslezheno, nachinaja ot nizkoamplitudnogo (e Empty-Set /kT Tilde-Operator 10{sup -3}) ''kvazi-linejno- go'' rezhima, kotoryj harakterizuetsja monohromaticheskim ''zamknutovidnym'' spektrom, do nelinejnogo rezhima, a zatem do slabo-turbulentnogo sostojanija (e Empty-Set /kT Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 1) , kotoroe harakterizuetsja iskazhennym ''haoticheskim'' spektrom. Novyj ''rastrovosproizvodjashhij'' metod daet polnuju kartinu razvitija neustojchivosti i perehoda k turbulentnosti. Jeksperimental'no opredelennye osnovnye harakteristiki neustojchivosti, takie kak chastotnye mody, napravlenie azimutal'nogo rasprostranenija, svojstva kogerentnosti, nezavisimost' plotnosti, zavisimost' magnitnogo polja, prostranstvennaja zavisimost' mo- dovoj amplitudy horosho soglasujutsja v kachestvennom otnoshenii s linejnoj teoriej universal'noj neustojchivosti. Jeksperimenty provodilis' takzhe otnositel'no jeffekta dliny stolba na real'nuju chast' chastoty (popravka primerno v 10%) i na voobrazhaemuju chast'. Jeffekt na voobrazhaemuju chast' imeet mesto blagodarja ionnomu dempfirovaniju Landau, i dannyj metod javljaetsja otlichnym sredstvom izuchenija samogo mehanizma dempfirovanija Landau. Rezul'taty jetih jeksperimentov takzhe horosho soglasujutsja s linejnoj teoriej i, krome togo, obnaruzhivajut rjad nelinejnyh jeffektov, takih kak

  13. Present Status of Nitrogen Fixation by Reactor Radiation; Etat Actuel des Recherches sur l'oxydation directe de l'azote sous irradiation dans des reacteurs; Sovremennoe sostoyani opytov po okisleniyu azota izlucheniem iz reaktorov; Estado actual de las investigaciones sobre fijacion del nitrogeno por irradiacion en reactores

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Harteck, P; Dondes, S [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (United States)

    1960-07-15

    sistema funktsioniruet v nastoyashchee vremya v Brukkhejvenskom reaktore v zakrytom konture. Dayutsya dannye o vliyanii temperatury, davleniya, proportsii smesi i intensivnosti izlucheniya, chto mozhet byt' ispol'zovano dlya proektirovaniya budushchego khimiko-yadernogo reaktora. Sushchestvuyushchaya sistema rabotaet pri davlenii v 10 atmosfer i pri .temperature v 150''oC. Temperatura zavisit ot ehnergii rasshchepleniya chastits, osvobozhdaemoj v steklyannom volokne, i ot ognestojkosti zakrytogo kontura. V nastoyashchee vremya stroitsya drugoj zakrytyj kontur, kotoryj dolzhen rabotat' pri davlenii v 50-75 atmosfer i pri temperature v 600''oC. EHti zakrytye kontury dayut vozmozhnost' sudit' o parametrakh potochnykh sistem, vklyuchaya povedenie produktov rasshchepleniya, vypuskaemykh v gazovyj potok. Slozhnaya kinetika okisleniya azota opisyvaetsya na trekh stadiyakh : nachal'nye reaktsii v sisteme; reaktsii posle obrazovaniya nekotorogo kolichestva okislennogo azota i, nakonets, kinetika pri ustanovlenii ravnovesiya izlucheniya. Rassmatrivayuts ya usloviya obrazovaniya N{sub 2}0{sub 5}, N{sub 2}0{sub 4} i O{sub 3}, a takzhe ikh vliyanie na ves' protsess. (author)

  14. The Technical Training Programme for Nuclear Power Station Personnel; Programme de formation technique du personnel des centrales nucleaires; Programma tekhnicheskoj podgotovki personala yadernoj ehlektrostantsii; El programa de formacion tecnica del personal de una central nucleoelectrica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Howey, G. R. [Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)

    1963-10-15

    ehnerdzhi of Kanada limited'', ehkspluatiruetsya i obsluzhivaetsya personalom Gidroehnergeticheskoj komissii Ontario, ona yavlyaetsya mestnym kommunal'nym predpriyatiem. Trudnost' v nabore i obuchenii personala stantsii zaklyuchalas' v tom, chto do nedavnego vremeni osnovnye potrebnosti v ehlektrichestve Ontario obespechivalis' gidroehlektrostantsiyami. Vozrosshee ispol'zovanie teplovoj ehnergii s nachala 1950 goda privelo k ostroj nekhvatke personala, obladayushchego opytom ehkspluatatsii teplovykh ehlektrostantsij. CHtoby vyjti, iz ehtogo polozheniya, byli predprinyaty sleduyushchie shagi dlya obespecheniya obsluzhivaniya atomnykh ehlektrostantsij opytnym personalom: (1) Pervonachal'no byla otobrana gruppa professional'nykh inzhenerov iz chisla lits, obladayushchikh znachitel'nym opytom v oblasti ehkspluatatsii yadernykh ustanovok, teplovykh ehlektrostantsij i v oblasti ehlektrotekhniki voobshche; (2) Byla otobrana eshche odna gruppa operatorov i ehkspluatatsionnikov, obladayushchikh bol'shim opytom raboty; (3) Dlya otobrannykh grupp byla sostavlena strogo ustanovlennaya uchebnaya programma podgotovki, zatragivayushchaya ehkspluatatsiya kak atomnykh stantsij, tak i stantsij, rabotayushchikh na ugle. Podgotovkoj rukovodili proektirovshchiki NPD. Zanyatiya prokhodili v auditoriyakh i po mestu raboty. (4) YAdernyj uchebnyj tsentr byl sozdan dlya togo, chtoby podobrat' i obuchit' dopolnitel'nyj personal, ustroit' ofitsial'nye ehkzameny i v posleduyushchem otvechat' za uroven' podgotovki personala. Personal sdaval ehkzameny, provodimye Byuro po upravleniyu atomnoj ehnergiej, kotoroe yavlyaetsya samostoyatel'nym federal'nym agentstvom, reguliruyushchim soblyudenie ustavnykh polozhenii. Podgotavlivayutsya pyat' obshchikh kategorij personala: (1) dozimetristy - inzhenery, otvetstvennye za ehkspluatatsiyu, ukhod i za administrativno-dozimetricheskij kontrol', smenyayushchiesya periodicheski s tsel'yu povysheniya ikh mnogostoronnej kvalifikatsii; (2) operatory - chetyre urovnya

  15. Interesting Developments in UO{sub 2} Technology; Progres interessants dans la technologie du bioxyde d'uranium; Interesnye usovershenstvovaniya tekhnologii UO{sub 2}; Recientes progresos en la tecnologia del UO{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Robertson, J. A.L. [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)

    1963-11-15

    permitiran determinar si las nuevas formas de combustible pueden ofrecer alguna ventaja economica. Mientras tanto, el continuo perfeccionamiento de las barras combustibles de UO{sub 2} sinterizado en geometrias simples dara lugar a una renida competencia. (author) [Russian] Sejchas, kogda neskol'ko reaktorov, v kotorykh toplivom sluzhit UO{sub 2}, nakhodyatsya v postoyannoj ehkspluatatsii, khoroshie radiatsionnye -svojstva UO{sub 2} ne nuzhdayutsya v dokazatel'stve. Priyatno uznavat' o tom, chto vazhnye usovershenstvovaniya eshche poyavlyayutsya. Naibolee znachitel'nom za poslednee vremya yavilos' otkrytie sotrudnikami istituta Behttely ochen' vysokoj teploprovodnosti otdel'nogo odinochnogo kristalla UO{sub 2} pri povyshennykh temperaturakh. Provedennoe v svyazi s raskhozhdeniem mnenij po ehtomu voprosu obluchenie v Chok-Rivere pokazalo, chto bol'shie zerna, obrazuyushchiesya v rabotavshikh toplivnykh ehlementakh, ne obyazatel'no obladayut ehtoj povyshennoj provodimost'yu. Ehksperimenty nashej laboratorii pokazali, chto povyshenie imeet mesto tol'ko v podstekhiometricheskikh soedineniyakh i malo zavisit, esli voobshche zavisit, ot otsutstviya granits zeren. Bezuslovno, vysokaya provodimost' mozhet byt' poluchena v polikristallicheskikh spekshikhsya materialakh putem regulirovaniya stekhiometrii. Davno izvestno, chto udlinenie obolochki mozhno umen'shit', esli izgotovit' tabletki ieh UO{sub 2} s uglubleniyami na tortsovykh poverkhnostyakh. Pozzhe bylo pokazano, chto smeshcheniyu topliva v pustoe prostranstvo v kontse trubki s tabletkami meshaet diametral'noe rasshirenie topliva i ego mekhanicheskoe vzaimodejstvie s obolochkoj. Samym bol'shim dostizheniem v otnoshenii svedeniya k minimumu rasshireniya obolochki yavilos' uyasnenie togo, chto prodol'noe, i diametral'noe rasshireniya vzaimosvyazany cherez posredstvo ob{sup e}mnogo rasshireniya topliva, goryachaya serdtsevina kotorogo dovol'no plastichna. Rasshirilis' nashi prakticheskie znaniya faktorov, opredelyayushchikh

  16. Experimental studies of some of the physical features of beryllium-moderated intermediate reactors; Etude experimentale de quelques particularites physiques des reacteurs a neutrons intermediaires, ralentis au beryllium; Ehksperimental'ny e issledovaniya nekotorykh fizicheskikh osobennostej promezhutochnykh reaktorov s berillievym zamedlitelem; Estudios experimentales de algunas caracteristicas fisicas de los reactores intermedios moderados con berilio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lejpunskij, A I; Kuznetsov, V A; Artyukhov, G Ya; Mogil' ner, A I; Prokhorov, Yu A; Steklovski, V M; Chernov, L A [Akademiya Nauk, Moskva, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

    1962-03-15

    la evaluacion de la eficacia de los cilindros compensadores giratorios distribuidos en el limite entre el cuerpo y el reflector. (author) [Russian] Doklad posvyashchen obzoru nekotorykh ehksperimen-tal'nykh rezul'tatov, poluchennykh na stende PF-4, prednaznachennom dlya detal'nogo issledovaniya fizicheskikh osobennostej reaktorov, rabotayushchikh na nejtronakh promezhutochnykh ehnergij. Aktivnye zony i otrazhateli razlichnykh kriticheskikh sborok predstavlyali soboj plotnuyu upakovku stal'nykh ili alyuminievykh trub, v kotorykh pomeshchalis' diski iz razlichnykh materialov. Kombinatsiya diskov urana (90%-nogo obogashcheniya) i zamedlyayushchikh materialov v razlichnoj proportsii, a takzhe vvedenie v otrazhatel' zamedlyayushchikh sloev razlichnoj tolshchiny, pozvolilo menyat' spektr nejtronov, proizvodyashchikh delenie, v ochen' shirokikh predelakh. V doklade privedeno opisanie stenda i ego otdel'nykh uzlov. Analiziruetsya sravnitel'naya ehffektivnost' vnutrennego i vneshnego zamedleniya dlya reaktorov s ochen'malym otnosheniem yader zamedlitelya i urana v aktivnoj zone. Ehksperimenty pokazyvayut, chto dazhe v sluchae tolstykh zamedlyayushchikh otrazhatelej maloe razbavlenie urana zamedlitelem (otnoshenie yader berilliya i urana-235 {partial_derivative}Be/{partial_derivative}U{sup 235}{approx_equal}1) privodit k vozrastaniyu kriticheskoj massy. Znachitel'noe mesto v doklade udeleno analizu geterogennykh ehffektov v promezhutochnykh reaktorakh. Pokazano, chto dlya reaktora s {partial_derivative}Be/{partial_derivative}U{sup 235}= 30+40, vysokoobogashchenny j uran v razlichnykh tolshchinakh ot 0,023 g/sm{sup 2} do 32 g/sm{sup 2} okazyvaet odinakovoe vliyanie na reaktiv-nost' sistemy. Analiziruyutsya prichiny, privodyashchie k kompensatsii ehffekta ehkranirovki nejtronnogo potoka tolstymi sloyami urana. V doklade privoditsya interesnyj fakt vozrastaniya ehffektivnosti urana vblizi po- gloshchayushchikh sterzhnej, ehksperimental'n o obnaruzhennyj v sbor kes {partial

  17. Irradiation of Poultry and Egg Products; Irradiation de la Volaille et des Ceufs et Derives; Obluchenie domashnej ptitsy, yaits i izdelij iz nikh; Irradiacion de Volateria, Huevos y Productos Derivados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Thornley, Margaret J. [Sub-Department of Chemical Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

    1966-11-15

    , tak chto 20 dnej pri 1 Degree-Sign C javljajutsja primerno naibolee podhodjashhim srokom bez uhudshenija kachestva. Mehanizm jetih izmenenij eshhe ne ponjat, odnako oni imejut mesto ne iz-za mikrobiologicheskoj porchi ili obluchenija. . Vozmozhnaja mikrobiologicheskaja porcha obluchennyh kur pri nizkih temperaturah vyzyvaetsja nepatogennymi bakterijami, kotorye obychno imejutsja v mikrobiologicheskoj flore, vyzyvajushhej porchu produktov, hotja inogda sootnoshenie razlichnyh vidov jetih bakterij mozhet izmenjat'sja, chto privodit k pojavleniju razlichnyh 'dopolnitel'nyh' zapasov. Primenenie jetogo processa izuchalos' v Anglii v otnoshenii proizvodstva i raspredelenija cypljat-brojlerov i v nastojashhee vremja osushhestvljaetsja sovmestnoe issledovanie Komissiej po atomnoj jenergii SShA, organizaciej Atomik Jenerdzhi of Kanada limited i Natikskimi laboratorijami intendantskogo upravlenija armii SShA. Ono ohvatit jekonomicheskie potrebnosti i preimushhestva, celostnost, podgotovku produktov, upakovku i odobrenie potrebiteljami. (author)

  18. Theoretical Studies of Electron Injection and E-Layer Build-Up in Astron; Etudes Theoriques sur l'Injection d'Electrons et la Formation de la Couche E dans l'Astron; Teoreticheskie izucheniya ehlektronnoj inzhektsii i narashchivaniya sloya-E v ustanovke ''Astron''; Estudios Teoricos de Electrones y Formacion de la Capa E en la Instalacion Astron

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Killeen, J.; Neil, V. K.; Heckrotte, W. [Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, CA (United States)

    1966-04-15

    bolee 160 000 tochek, naprimer 81 v prostranstve g, 12 v g, 19 v P z i 9 v Rg. Na kazhdoj stupeni integracija fe po prostranstvu momenta daet plotnost' toka j{sub {theta}} (r, z, t)j sobstvennoe pole zatem vychisljaetsja putem reshenija uravnenija dlja {psi} (r, z, t). V nastojashhem doklade privoditsja celaja serija opytov, otnosjashhihsja v razlichnym vakuumnym poljam i k razlichnym uslovijam inzhekcii. Poluchennye jelektronnye raspredelenija sil'no otlichajutsja drug ot druga v zavisimosti ot primenjaemogo probochnogo polja. Vo vseh sluchajah imelo mesto obrazovanie oblastej minimal'nogo-V i v nekotoryh iz nih bylo dostignuto reversirovanie polja. (author)

  19. The Technology and Applications of Large Fission Product Beta Sources; Technologie et applications des grandes sources beta de fission; Tekhnologiya i primenenie krupnykh istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya; Tecnologia y utilizacion de los productos de fision como fuentes de irradiacion beta de elevada intensidad

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silverman, Joseph [Radiation Applications Incorporated (United States)

    1960-07-15

    ) [Russian] Beta-izluchatel i ne vkhodili ran'she v raschet v kachestve krupnykh istochnikov izlucheniya, tak kak v proshlom predstavlyayushchie interes protsessy oblucheniya osnovyvalis' na ispol'zovanii chastits, obladayushchikh sposobnost'yu glubokogo proniknoveniya; poehtomu glavnoe vnimanie sosredotochivalos' na ispol'zovanii gamma-izluchenij i iskusstvenno uskorennykh ehlektronov. Okolo chetyrekh let tomu nazad stalo ochevidnym, chto otkryvaetsya shirokaya oblast' vozmozhnykh primenenij, svyazannykh s poverkhnostnym oblucheniem, kak naprimer, izmenenie poverkhnosti obrazovavshegos ya sloya plastmassy putem sopolimerizatsionnogo narashchivaniya i poverkhnostnoj pasterizatsii pishchevykh produktov. Dlya ehtikh primenenij proniknovenie v glubinu yavlyaetsya neehkonomnym, a vozmozhno i vrednym. Est'eshche dve drugie oblasti, v kotorykh proizvedennye mekhanicheskim putem ehlektrony ne ochen' podkhodyat: khimicheskij sintez v nakhodyashchikhsya pod davleniem sosudakh s primeneniem oblucheniya i nekotorye vidy tsepnykh reaktsij so svobodnymi radikalami, dlya kotorykh proizvoditel'nost ' na kilovatt umen'shaetsya proportsional'no kvadratnomu kornyu moshchnosti dozy. Istochniki beta-izluchenij s shirokim polem pokazali ochevidnye potentsial'ny e preimushchestva dlya vsekh ehtikh operatsij i poskol'ku oni poluchayutsya v bol'shikh kolichestvakh za schet protsessov deleniya, to predstavlyalos ' tselesoobrazny m sdelat' tshchatel'nuyu pereotsenku vozmozhnostej ikh primeneniya. Vvidu ehtogo pod pokrovitel'stvom Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA bylo proizvedeno issledovanie primenenij i tekhnologii istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya. EHto issledovanie privelo k sleduyushchim rezul'tatam: 1. Otkryvayutsya perspektivny e vozmozhnosti primeneniya v kommercheskom masshtabe istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya, v oblasti oblucheniya produktov, v osobennosti dlya izmeneniya putem sopolimerizatsionnogo narashchivaniya obrazovavshikhsya

  20. Radiotracer Approaches to Carbamate Insecticide Toxicology; Emploi des radio indicateurs pour l'etude de la toxicologie des insecticides a base de carbamates; Primenenie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya toksikologii karbamatnykh insektitsidov; Estudio con radioindicadores de la toxico logia de los insecticidas a base de carbamatos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Casida, J. E. [University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

    1963-09-15

    5-[3-metil-2-dimetilcarbamil]- pirazolina) y un compuesto comparable indican tambien que el ataque oxidante forma derivados N-metilo y N-metilol. Faltan todavia muchos datos sobre la relacion entre esas reacciones de desintaxicacion y el mecanismo de resistencia, la accion de las sustancias sinergicas, la toxicidad selectiva de este grupo de insecticidas, y la naturaleza y el significado de los residuos. Es probable tambien que el metabolismo del Sevin inyectado en las plantas sea oxidativo mas que hidrolitico, pero no se ha establecido todavia la naturaleza de los productos y el mecanismo enzimatico. (author) [Russian] Metilkarbamaty yavlyayutsya odnoj iz glavnykh grupp insektitsidov. Mnogie nerazreshennye problemy toksikologii ehtikh veshchestv mogut byt' legko izucheny pri pomoshchi radioaktivnykh indikatorov. Byli izgotovleny N, N-dimetidkarbamaty, karbonilovaya gruppa kotorykh metilas' C{sup 14}, a takzhe N-metilkar- bamaty, metilovaya, karbonilovaya gruppa i kbl'tsa kotorykh byli mecheny C{sup 14}. Farmakologicheskoe dejstvie ehtikh slozhnykh soedinenij, veroyatno, svyazano s tormozheniem atsetilkholinesteraehy i mozhet vklyuchat' karbamilatsiyu. Mechenie karbonilovoj ili metilovoj gruppy karbamatov daet vozmozhnost' v ikh reaktsiyakh s ochishchennoj kholinesterazoj ili s drugimi ehsterazami kriticheski izuchit' reaktsiyu karbamida tsii, a takzhe legkost' samoproizvol'noj ili vyzvannoj reaktivatsii ili dekarbamilatsii. Fiziologicheskoe znachenie tormozheniya kholinesterazy mozhet byt' izucheno pri pomoshchi vvedeniya mechennogo C{sup 14} atsetata i analiza mechenogo atsetilkholina, nakopivshegosya v nervnykh tkanyakh, ili zhe putem ispol'zovaniya atsetil-C{sup 14}-kholina v kachestve substrata dlya opredeleniya In vitro stepeni tormozheniya kholiya- esterazy v tkanyakh otravlennykh zhivotnykh pri minimal'nom rastvorenii vo vremya analiza ingibitorov i fermentov.Nekotorye'uspekhi byli dostignuty pri pomoshchi mechennykh radioizotopami veshchestv v issledovanii

  1. Use of semiconductors in lieu of emulsions in nuclear spectroscopy; Utilisation de semi-conducteurs a la place d'emulsions en spectroscopie nucleaire; Primenenie poluprovodnikov vmesto ehmul'sij v yadernoj spektroskopii; Sustitucion de las emulsiones por semiconductores en espectroscopia nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bilaniuk, O M; Marsh, B B [University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)

    1962-04-15

    schetchik, voznikayushchij v rezul'tate impul's peredaetsya v oba kontsa linii zaderzhki. Kazhdaya iz 20 stupenej linii sostoit iz dvukh induktivnostej v 35 {mu}H i dvukh kondensatorov v 60 {mu}{mu}F, odnim iz kotorykh yavlyaetsya sam schetchik i ego provoda. EHti komponenty obespechivayut zaderzhku v razmere t = 2 (LC){sup 1/2} = 90 m{mu}s na stupen'. Takim obrazom, razlichie vo vremeni mezhdu impul'- sami, dokhodyashchimi do kontsov linii zaderzhki, budet sostavlyat' 180 m{mu}leek. na dva sosednikh detektora. Oba kontsa linii zaderzhki sootvetstvenno prisoedinyayutsya k ''start''-usilitelyu i ,''stop''-usilitelyu, posle chego pridaetsya formiruyushchaya i puskovaya skhemy. Ikh vykhody privodyat v dejstvie vremenno-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' impul'sov 6BN6. Ustanovlennaya zaderzhka v 2,5 {mu}s vklyuchena v ''stop''-usilitel', chto obespechivaet postoyannyj prikhod ,,stop''-impul'sa v vremenno-amplitudnyj preobrazo- vatel' posle ,,start''-impul'sa. Amplituda impul'sa, idushchego iz preobrazovatelya 6BN6, proportsional'na raznitse vo vremeni mezhdu ''start''- i ,''stop''-impul'sami. Takim obrazom, signaly, voznikayushchie v razlichnykh schetchikakh mozaiki, dekodiruyutsya amplitudoj impul'sa. Poluchaemye v rezul'tate gruppy scheta izobrazhayutsya na ehkrane 400-kanal'nogo analizatora amplitudy impul'sov, perepechatyvayutsya i izobrazhayutsya graficheski s pomoshch'yu samopistsa X-Y. Gruppy tselikom razlozheny, tak chto dekodirovanie yavlyaetsya polnym. Dekodiruyushchaya skhema mozhet prinimat' odin impul's cherez kazhdye 8 mikrosekund, i, takim obrazom, ogranichenie skorosti scheta iskhodit ne iz ehtogo pribora, a iz 400-kanal'nogo analizatora. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto dekodiruyushchij pribor udovletvoritel'no rabotaet v prisutstvii magnitnogo polya i pri rabote tsiklotrona na polnuyu moshchnost'. Predstavleny polnye skhemy dekodiruyushchego ustrojstva i pokazany obraztsy yadernykh dannykh, sobrannykh s ego pomoshch'yu. (author)

  2. The Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant; La centrais nucleaire Enrico Fermi; Atomnaya ehlektrostantsiya im Ehnriko Fermi.; La central nucleoelectrica Enrico Fermi

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hartwell, R. W. [Power Reactor Development Company, Detroit, MI (United States)

    1963-10-15

    nejtronakh moshchnost'yu 100 mgvt (ehl.) bylo v osnovnom zakoncheno v dekabre 1961 goda. V techenie poslednikh 16 mesyatsev provodilis' shirokie ispytaniya sistem i komponentov. Ehta predpuskovaya programma ispytaniya okazalas' ochen' poleznoj dlya proverki konstruktsii i dlya opredeleniya neobkhodimykh izmenenij. Vse voznikshie problemy okazalis' razreshimymi. V doklade kratko osveshchayutsya naibolee vatnye izmeneniya. Grafitovaya zashchita. V dekabre 1960 goda pervyj kontur byl zapolnen natriem i byli nachaty shirokie ispytaniya. Kogda byl snova otkryt zashchitnyj bak pervogo kontura posle ispytaniya pervogo kontura pri temperature 1000{sup o}F, bylo obnaruzheno, chto bol'shaya chast' grafitovogo bloka zashchity, ustanovlennogo vokrug reaktora, povrezhdena. Vysokotemperaturnye bloki, nasyshchennye borom, uvelichilis' v ob''eme i poteryali prochnost'. Provedennyj tshchatel'nyj analiz pokazal, chto grafitovaya svyaz' povrezhdena. Bylo resheno zamenit' ves' grafit, ispol'zovat' karbid bora v kachestve soedineniya, soderzhashchego bor, ustanovit' blok s pomoshch'yu mekhanicheskogo krepleniya i dovesti vlazhnost' do minimuma. Izmeneniya v korpuse reaktora. Byl proveden remont i vneseny izmeneniya v konstruktsiyu dlya ustraneniya prichiny zaedaniya sborok, dlya likvidatsii povrezhdeniya, kotoroe yavilos' rezul'tatom ehtogo, i dlya ustraneniya v dal'nejshem neispravnosti v peremeshchayushchem mekhanizme upravleniya. Pered remontom byl udalen peremeshchayushchij mekhanizm upravleniya, korpus reaktora byl osushen ot natriya. Posle ehtogo podgotovlennyj peroonvl v spetsial'nykh zashchitnykh kostyumakh byl dopushchen vnutr' korpusa reaktora. Vkhod v rabochuyu zonu obespechivalsya s pomoshch'yu spetsial'nogo- vozdushnogo shl'za, poskol'ku v korpuse reaktora imelsya argon. Izmeneniya parogeneratora. Vo vremya gidrostaticheskikh ispytanij parogeneratora No. 2 byli obnaruzheny techi v neskol'kikh trubkakh. Prichinoj neispravnosti trubok bylo ikh rastreskivanie v rezul'tate korrozii ot

  3. Ultimate Storage of High-Level Waste Solids and Liquids in Salt Formations; Stockage Definitif de Dechets Solides et Liquides de Haute Activite dans des Formations Salines; 041e 041a 041e 041d 0427 0410 0422 0415 041b 042c 041d 041e 0415 0425 0420 0410 041d 0415 041d 0418 0415 0422 0412 0415 0420 0414 042b 0425 0418 0416 0418 0414 041a 0418 0425 0412 042b 0421 041e 041a 041e 0410 041a 0422 0418 0412 041d 042b 0425 041e 0422 0425 041e 0414 041e 0412 0412 0421 041e 041b 042f 041d 042b 0425 041e 0411 0420 0410 0417 041e 0412 0410 041d 0418 042f 0425 ; Almacenamiento Definitivo de Desechos Solidos y Liquidos de Elevada Radiactividad En Formaciones de Rocas Salinas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bradshaw, R. L.; Boegly, Jr., W. J.; Empson, F. M.; Kubota, H.; Parker, F. L.; Perona, J. J.; Struxness, E. G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN (United States)

    1963-02-15

    de los mismos, se proyecta realizar en 1965 una demostracion en una mina de sal. (author) [Russian] Soljanye obrazovanija predstavljajut soboju vygodnoe mesto dlja okonchatel'nogo hranenija zhidkih i tverdyh othodov vysokogo urovnja aktivnosti. Soljanye obrazovanija nepronicaemy obladajut horoshej strukturnoj prochnost'ju i horoshej teploprovodnost'ju. Laboratornye opyty i polevye ispytanija na odnoj kanzasskoj soljanoj razrabotke pokazali chto: 1) teploprovodnost' i kojefficient diffuzii neochishhenoj kamecnoj soli v zalezhah (0,011 kal/si sek-grad 0,026 cm{sup 2}/sek pri najvysshej temperature soli v 60 Degree-Sign C) sootvetstvujut laboratornym znachenijam dlja monokristallov s tochnost'ju 10 - 20%; 2) uvelichenie temperatury othodov v kolichestve 11 340 l, pomeshhennyh v uglublenii ploshhad'ju 0,7 m{sup 2}, do 65 Degree-Sign C ne narushilo strukturnoj ustojchivosti shahty, hotja na rasstojanii pjati futov ot nishhi vysota ot pola do potolka umen'shilas' na pod- dkjma; 3) isparenie rastvora s posledujushhej kondensaciej na stenkah vyzyvaet nekotoroe narushenie struktury nishi; 4) adsorbcija sbrosnogo rastvora razmel'chennoj sol'ju, po-vidimomu, prepjatstvuet kak izmeneniju struktury nishi, tak i pojavleniju gazov, obrazujushhihsja v rezul'tate radiolijea; 5) dozy radiacii, kotorye mozhno ozhidat' pri operacijah po udaleniju real'nyh othodov, ne budut nastol'ko bol'shimi, chtoby narushit' strukturnuju prochnost' shahty. Glavnaja neuverennost' ostaetsja v otnoshenii vozdejstvija povyshenija temperatury na strukturnuju prochnost' na bol'shoj ploshhadi razrabotki. V nastojashhee vremja proizvodjatsja kak teoreticheskie, tak i jeksperimental'nye issledovanija jetoj problemy. Povyshenie temperatury bylo rasschitano dlja hranenija othodov, poluchajushhihsja na ustanovke po pererabotke teplovydeljajushhih jelementov proizvoditel'nost'ju v 6 t/sutki. Predpolagalos' sorbirovat' zhidkie othody zernistoj sol'ju v shahtah s uglublennym polom. Chtoby ogranichit' temperaturu

  4. Anomalous Plasma Diffusion in Magnetic Wells; Diffusion Anormale de Plasma dans des Puits Magnetique; Anomal'naya diffuziya plazmy v magnitnykh yamakh; Difusion Anomala de Plasma en Pozos Magneticos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fowler, T. K.; Guest, G. E. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1966-04-15

    schet polozhitel'nogo gradienta ({omega} ' {omega}{sub ci}, k{rho} ' 1 ) . Velichina {beta} predpolagaetsja maloj. Nevozmushhennaja plazma otklonjaetsja ot teplovogo ravnovesija lish' za schet azimutal'nogo toka i radial'nogo profilja davlenija, otvechajushhego uderzhaniju. Esli dB/dr> 0 i {Delta}B = R(dB/dr) > B(T{sub e}/T{sub i}), to kojefficient ''diffuzii'' EhV budet: (1) D{sub Up-Tack} Less-Than-Or-Equal-To (cT{sub /}eB )({rho}{sub i}/R) (T{sub e}/T{sub i} + m{sub e}/m{sub i}) Vulgar-Fraction-One-Half gde {rho}{sub i} - ionnyj giroradius, a R- radius plazmennogo shnura. Esli dB/dr javljaetsja polozhitel'noj velichinoj lish' v srednem, to imeetsja dopolnitel'noe trebovanie, chtoby L/R <(T{sub i}/T{sub e}){sup Vulgar-Fraction-One-Half} , gde L javljaetsja dlinoj vdol' V, na kotoroj dB/dr javljaetsja otricatel'noj velichinoj. Obsuzhdajutsja primenenija k razlichnym geometrijam termojadernogo magnitnogo uderzhanija. Rezul'taty v nekotoryh sluchajah obodrjajushhie i govorjat v pol'zu nashih predydushhih vyvodov.o tom, chto stohasticheskaja diffuzija takzhe dopustima dlja sinteza. Otkrytymi voprosami javljajutsja predel {beta} i nelinejnoe povedenie nekotoryh skorostno-prostranstvennyh neustojchivostej pri {omega} Greater-Than-Or-Equal-To {omega}{sub ci} - ionnaja girochastota. Pri vyvode uravnenija 1) my berem D{sub Up-Tack} = {lambda}(cE{sub Up-Tack }/B), {lambda} javljaetsja radial'noj {sup d}linoj peremeshivanija{sup .} My nahodim E{+-} po imejushhejsja svobodnoj jenergii, sostojashhej iz dvuh chlenov SW = SW{sub 0} +SW{sub 1}. Pervyj chlen Greek-Small-Letter-Delta W{sub 0} javljaetsja obychnym stabilizirujushhim chlenom v magnitnoj jame ili 'srednej' jame, esli sohranjajutsja magnitnyj momentu i prodol'nyj invariant J. Chlen Inverted-Question-Mark Wi uchityvaet narushenija adiabaticheskoj invariantnosti. My vychisljaem ego na osnove nelinejnoj termodinamiki. Mozhet imet' mesto bol'shoj polozhitel'nyj vklad v chlen Greek-Small-Letter-Delta W{sub 1} za schet

  5. Shippingport Atomic Power Station Operating Experience, Developments and Future Plans; La centrale nucleaire de Shippingport, experience de son fonctionnement et plans pour l'avenir; Shippingportskaya atomnaya ehlektrostantsij, opyt ehkspluatatsii, usovershenstvovaniya i plany na budushchee; Central nucleoelectrica de Shippingport; experiencia adquirida con su explotacton y programa de desarrollo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feinroth, H. [Division of Reactor Development, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States); Oldham, G. M. [Shippingport Atomic Power Station, Duquesne Light Company, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Stiefel, J. T. [Bettis Atomic Power.Labora Tory, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

    1963-10-15

    elevada densidad de potencia, el denominado cuerpo No. 2. Con una potencia nominal bruta de 150 MW(e) y una duracion equivalente a 10 000 h de funcionamiento a plena potencia, el cuerpo No. 2 dara una produccion de energia 5,5 mayor que la del cuerpo No. 1 y su potencia especifica sera el doble de la de este ultimo. Se describen las caracteristicas de diseflo del cuerpo No. 2 y se resumen los principales adelantos en materia de fisica de reactores, metalurgia, transmision de calor, circulacion de fluidos, y elaboracion de elementos combustibles. Por ultimo, se describen los planes para la descontaminacion de la central nuclear y para introducir en la misma las modificaciones exigidas por la instalacion del cuerpo No. 2, de mayor potencia. (author) [Russian] Daetsya otsenka pyati godam ehkspluatatsii i ispytanie Shippingportskoj ehlektrostantsii, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya poslednie tekhnicheskie usovershenstvovaniya i programma na budushchee. Ehta programma napravlena na usovershenstvovanie osnovnoj tekhnologii reaktorov na obychnoj vode s tem; chtoby sozdat' osnovu dlya umen'sheniya v budushchem stoimosti yadernoj ehlektroehnergii. Shippingportskaya reaktornaya ustanovka, ehkspluatirovavshayasya pyat' let, priznana godnoj dlya legkogo podklyucheniya k sisteme ehnergosnabzheniya v kachestve ustanovki dlya bazovoj ili pikovoj nagruzok. Rabota komponentov ustanovki byla nadezhnoj. Ne voznikalo problem, svyazannykh s zagryazneniem ili udaleniem otkhodov. Dostup k komponentam pervichnoj sistemy okhlazhdeniya dlya ikh obsluzhivaniya 'byl khoroshim, chto pokazyvaet tselostnost' toplivnykh ehlementov. Kazhdaya iz trekh operatsij po zamene topliva v reaktore s momenta ego puska trebovala vse men'she i men'she vremeni. Nedavno byla ustanovlena tret'ya zapal'naya sborka, na chto potrebovalos' 32 rabochikh dnya, t.e. okolo odnoj chetverti vremeni, potrachennogo na pervuyu zamenu topliva. Opisany ofitsial'nye trebovaniya v otnoshenii podgotovki personala, pis

  6. Establishment of the Processes of Absorption and Diffusion of Systemic Insecticides in Populus Euramericana Dode Guinier ''Robusta''; L'etablissement des processus d'absorption et diffusion des insecticides systemiques au Populus x Euramericana Dode Guinier ''Robista; Opredelenie protsessov pogloshcheniya i diffuzii somaticheskikh insektitsidov u Populus x Euramerican a Dode Guinier ''Robusta''; Determinacion de los procesos de absorcion y difusion de los insecticidas sistemicos en el Populus x Euramericana Dope Guinier ''Robusta''

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Catrina, I.; Popa, A.; Constantinesco, V.; Constantinesco, O.; Constantinesco, El.; Hulula, C. [Institut de Recherches Forestieres de Bucarest, Bucharest (Romania)

    1963-09-15

    observado que en el suelo queda gran cantidad de insecticida, los autores consideran que en la lucha contra los insectos que atacan a las especies lenosas es preferible verter en el suelo las soluciones de insecticidas de accion indirecta. (author) [Russian] Fosforoorganicheskie insektitsidy s somaticheskimi svojstvami, svyazannymi s ikh sposobnost'yu pronikat' v sok rastenij, vozdejstvuyut na nasekomykh, kotorye provodyat chast' svoej zhizni libo v kambial'noj zone mekhdu drevesinoj i koroj, libo v drevesine. Do poyavleniya ehtikh insektitsidov khimicheskaya bor'ba protiv ksilofagovykh nasekomykh, nakhodyashchikhsya v stvole rastenij, byla pochti nevozmozhnoj. Dlya izucheniya mekhanizma pogloshcheniya, diffuzii i lokalizatsii somaticheskikh insektitsidov u topolya i ivy, kotorye chasto podvergayutsya napadeniyu ksilofagovykh nasekomykh, byli provedeny issledovaniya s primeneniem mechenogo ''Dipterex'' na topole Robusta R-20. Mechenie insektitsida bylo proizvedeno v reaktore s ispol'zovaniem v kachestve misheni ''Dipterex'' v poroshke ( 1,5 g) pri potoke v {Phi} = 10{sup 11} n/cm{sup 2} sek i pri temperature v 30 - 40{sup o}C. Ehto prodolzhalos' do polucheniya absolyutnoj aktivnosti misheni {approx_equal} 1 mc. Chast' opytov provodilas' v laboratoriyakh, gde ispol'zovalis' rasteniya, vyrashchennye v vegetatsionnykh sosudakh. Drugaya chast' opytov provodilas' na pochve, v pitomnikakh, s ispol'zovaniem odnoletnikh i dvukhletnikh rastenij. V techenie 1 - 2 mesyatsev posle vvedeniya rastvorov mechenogo insektitsida rasteniya podvergalis' radiometricheskomu analizu. Pri provedenii opytov v laboratornykh usloviyakh insektitsid nakaplivalsya v znachitel'nykh kolichestvakh v listve i v neznachitel'nykh kolichestvakh - v drevesine. Pri provedenii opytov kak v laboratornykh usloviyakh, tak i na pochve insektitsid nakaplivalsya v bol'shem protsentnom otnoshenii v listve. Vmeste s tem otmechaetsya znachitel'nyj rost nakoplenij insektitsida v vetvyakh i v drevesine stvola, osobenno v

  7. A Comparison of Radioisotope Methods for River Flow Measurement; Comparaison de methodes radioisotopiques de mesure du debit des cours d'eau; Sravnenie radioizotopnykh metodov izmereniya rechnykh stokov; Comparacion de los metodos radioisotopicos para medir el caudal de los rios

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Clayton, C. G.; Smith, D. B. [Wantage Research Laboratory Atomic Energy Research Establishment Wantage, Berks (United Kingdom)

    1963-08-15

    indikatornykh metodov izmereniya stoka rasstoyanie mezhdu tochkoj izmereniya i tochkoj vvedeniya indikatora dolzhno byt' dostatochno bol'shim, poskol'ku dolzhno proizojti polnoe smeshivanie. V to zhe vremya ehto rasstoyanie ne dolzhno byt' slishkom bol'shim, chtoby izbezhat' znachitel'noj prodol'noj dispersii ili poteri indikatora v rezul'tate pogloshcheniya ego dnom reki. Dispersiya zavisit ot gidravlicheskikh kharakteristik stoka, i ona kharakterna dlya ehtogo metoda. Pogloshchenie zavisit ot vybora indikatora i ot geologicheskoj prirody dna reki. Imenno s ehtoj tochki zreniya N{sup 3} yavlyaetsya ideal'nym indikatorom, poskol'ku on ne pogloshchaetsya. Odnako ego trudno izmeryat', i ego prokhozhdenie v reke ne mozhet byt' proslezheno neposredstvenno. Drugie indikatory bolee udobny, no oni mogut pogloshchat'sya. Stepen' pogloshcheniya Na{sup 24},Br{sup 82} i R{sup 32} v vide NaHC0{sub 3}, NH{sub 4}Br i NaN{sub 2}R0{sub 4} izuchalas' putem sravneniya dannykh izmerenij v neskol'kikh tochkakh vniz po techeniyu o obshchej tochki vvedeniya i putem vvedeniya mechennoj tritiem vody (NTO) odnovremenno s vvedeniem kazhdogo iz trekh indikatorov. Ustanovleno, chto R{sup 32}, kotoryj, kak ozhidalos', budet sil'no pogloshchat'sya khimicheski, yavlyaetsya na samom dele neprigodnym v kachestve indikatora bez nositelya dlya izmereniya rechnykh stokov, khotya s nositelem oshibka izmerenij znachitel'no men'she. Na{sup 24} i Br{sup 82} ne proyavlyayut priznakov pogloshcheniya ikh na znachitel'nykh rasstoyaniyakh, bol'she chem neobkhodimo dlya gorizontal'nogo smeshivaniya; na rasstoyanii svyshe 660 m v reke s samym medlennym techeniem obnaruzhivayutsya priznaki ischeznoveniya Na{sup 24}. Predstavleny nekotorye nablyudeniya otnositel'no stepeni gorizontal'noj i prodol'noj dispersii, kotoraya otrazhaetsya na obshchem primenenii indikatornykh metodov dlya izmerenij rechnykh stokov. Delaetsya vyvod, chto vse tri metoda mogut uspeshno primenyat'sya. Odnako metod nepreryvnogo otbora prob v konechnom

  8. High-Dose Ionizing Radiation Photographic Dosimetry; Mesure, par des Methodes Photogra Phiques, de Doses Elevees de Rayonnements Ionisants; 0424 041e 0422 041e 0413 0420 0414 ; Dosimetria Fotografica de Dosis Elevadas de Radiaciones Ionizantes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Trousil, J.; Bucina, I. [Institute for Research Production and Application of Radioisotopes Prague, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic)

    1965-06-15

    sobre las emulsiones rapidas y lentas con elevada concentracion de plata. En las emulsiones que se usan para la medicion de dosis elevadas y que se revelan en presencia de retardadores, se ha determinado la influencia ejercida por la energia y la atenuacion de la imagen latente sobre la precision de las determinaciones. Por ultimo, se describen los errores de la evaluacion fotografica de dosis elevadas hallados aplicando metodos estadisticos al analisis de los resultados experimentales. Se examina tambien el incremento del error en las regiones de debil y fuerte ennegrecimiento. Tambien se consideran los errores debidos a la calibracion de los aparatos, la influencia de la energia, la atenuacion de la imagen latente, el tratamiento quimico y la medicion del ennegrecimiento. La hipotesis de que la dosis medida con dosimetros de pelicula corresponde a la dosis recibida por el organismo entero, constituye un error que no se toma en consideracion. (author) [Russian] V jetoj rabote opisyvaetsja fotograficheskaja dozimetrija ionizirujushhej radiacii v diapazone ot 10 millirad do 1000 rad (dlja gamma-izluchenija bolee vysokoj intensivnosti). Pri jetom metode ispol'zujutsja dve fotoplenki s razlichnoj jemul'siej, kotorye odnovremenno pomeshhajut v odin i tot zhe plenochnyj dozimetr. Sushhestvennoj chertoj jetogo metoda javljaetsja to, chto dozy v vysheprivedennom diapazone mogut byt' opredeleny bez znanija o tom, chto imelo mesto obluchenie bol'shimi dozami, s tochnost'ju luchshej chem {+-}25%v predelah vsego diapazona doz (doveritel'nyj interval 95%), a takzhe to, chto jenergiju obluchenija v plenke mozhno opredelit' s horoshej approksimaciej. Rassmatrivajutsja pribory, vidy plenok i himicheskaja obrabotka, kotorye pozvoljajut proizvodit' jeti izmerenija. Opisyvaetsja princip izgotovlenija densitometra, s pomoshh'ju kotorogo mozhno izmerit' potemnenie fotoplenki s odinakovoj tochnost'ju v diapazone ot D = 0 do D = 6. Takim putem mozhno ispol'zovat' vsju oblast' imejushhegosja

  9. Application of Sodium-24 to Flow-Rate Measurements and Leak Detection; Applications du Sodium-24 a des Mesures de Debits et de Recherches de Fuites; ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НАТРИЯ-24 ПРИ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯХ ПОТОКОВ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ УТЕЧКИ; Aplicaciones del Sodio-24 a la Medicion de Caudales y Deteccion de Escapes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guizerix, J.; Cornuet, R. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Grenoble (France)

    1963-03-15

    de transito de la onda de actividad entre dos detectores de centelleo colimados permitio determinar el caudal con una precision relativa del 2%, aproximadamente. (author) [Russian] Avtory opisyvajut nekotorye opyty, v kotoryh v kachestve indikatora ispol'zovalsja natrij-24 s cel'ju iskljuchenija problemy dezaktivacii i povtornogo vvedenija indikatorov. Obluchenie natrija bylo proizvedeno v bassejnovom reaktore 'Meljuzin' v Issledovatel'skom jadernom centre v Grenoble (Frakcija). S cel'ju issledovanija utechki v sisteme central'nogo otoplenija vodjanaja sistema metilas' karbonatom natrija-24. Posle ochishhenija i promyvki sistemy byla sostavlena tshhatel'naja shema issleduemogo uchast-. ka, ogranichivajushhaja zonu issledovanija. S pomoshh'ju kollimirovannyh priborov issledovalas' pochva, tochnye krivye ijeoaktivnosti issledovalis' dlja poluchenija razlichnyh dannyh. Obuslovlennoe utechkoj prevrashhenie v zavisimosti ot vremeni issleduemoj zony radioaktivnosti pozvolilo vydelit' ego na foke issleduemyh zon v rajone nepodvizhnyh trub ili v mestah sil'nogo pogloshhenija indikatora. Issledovalas' utechka na germeticheski zakrytom svincovom bake. Jetot bak pomeshhalsja mezhdu dvumja jarusami, pod nastilom rezervuara s vodoj, i byl prednaznachen dlja sbora vody, kotoraja mogla pojavit'sja v rezul'tate vozmozhnoj utechki v gidravlicheskih ustanovkah, raspolozhennyh v verhnem jaruse. V bak vvodilas' voda, mechennaja izotopom natrija-24. Nalozhenie radioaktivnyh pjaten v nizhnej i verhnej chastjah utechki, a takzhe slabyj vyhod potoka, ocenivaemogo v 1 sm{sup 3}/min, vyzvali izvestnuju trudnost' v issledovanii, i tol'ko chetkoe mestopolozhenie i rost radioaktivnogo pjatna pozvolili pri pomoshhi krivyh ijeoaktivnosti za 15 chasov opredelit' polozhenie utechki. V celjah opredelenija vozmozhnoj utechki porjadka 1 l/chas, kotoraja imeet mesto mezhdu sistemoj vodjanogo ohlazhdenija i sistemoj acetata celljulozy, potoki kotoryh izvestny i sostavljajut primerno 5 m3/chas

  10. Irradiation of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Irradiation de Fruits et Legumes Tropicaux; Obluchenie tropicheskikh fruktov i ovoshchej; Irradiacion de Frutas y Verduras Tropicales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dharkar, S. D.; Sreenivasan, A. [Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, Bombay (India)

    1966-11-15

    issledovannymi fruktami byli plody guava, sapota (sapo-, dillas) ; i tomaty; dlja vseh ih mogla byt' dostignuta zaderzhka v sozrevanii primerno v 5 dnej pri ispol'zovanii dozy v 20 - 25 kilorad. Struchkovyj perec, banany i apel'siny ne pokazali kakoj-libo zaderzhki v sozrevanii posle obluchenija; chto kasaetsja apel'sinov, to imelo mesto neskol'ko uskorennoe sozrevanie. Poluvysushennye banany (40% vlagi) posle obluchenija dozoj v 0,5 megarad horosho sohranjajutsja po krajnej mere v techenie treh mesjacev, togda kak obezvozhennye banany (10% vlagi) ne tol'ko ochen' chuvstvitel'ny k infekcii pleseni, no i obladajut plohimi kachestvami s tochki zrenija cveta, vkusa, sohranenija pitatel'nyh veshhestv i vosstanovlenija sostava. Podhodjashhee sochetanie teplovoj obrabotki i obluchenija uspeshno primenjalos' dlja sterilizacii plodov mango, guava, sapota i jablok, prichem obychno konservirovannye produkty s luchshej strukturoj, vkusom i sohraneniem pitatel'nyh kachestv mogli byt' polucheny s pomoshh'ju obrabotki pri 70 Degree-Sign v techenie 10 minut i 400 kilorad. Analogichnym obrazom konservirovannyj goroh otlichnogo kachestva mozhno poluchit' putem kombinirovannogo ispol'zovanija oblucheniem v 800 kilorad pri temperature 100 Degree-Sign v techenie 5 minut. Radiosterilizovannyj apel'sinovyj cqk mozhno takzhe poluchit' putem sochetanija obluchenija dozoj v 400 kilorad s posledujushhej slaboj teplovoj obrabotkoj pri 50 Degree-Sign S v techenie 15 minut. Pri dozah v 10 kilorad dlja kartofelja i 6 kilorad dlja luka mozhet byt' zaderzhano prorastanie, chto vedet k uvelicheniju sroka hranenija do 32 i 24 nedel' sootvetstvenno po sravneniju s vos'minedel'nym periodom dlja neobluchennyh kontrol'nyh produktov. Osnovnye issledovanija, otnosjashhiesja k predohraneniju fruktov i ovoshhej ot porchi s pomoshh'ju radiacii, vkljuchajut v sebja issledovanija a) chuvstvitel'nosti mikroorganizmov, vyzyvajushhih porchu produktov (Micrococcus radiodurans, Streptococcus faecalis), k radiacii s predvaritel

  11. Status of Research and Developmental Studies on Radiation Pasteurization of Fish and Shellfish in the United States; Etat des Etudes et des Realisations en Matiere de Radiopasteurisation des Poissons, Crustaces et Mollusques aux Etats-Unis; Sostoyanie nauchno-issledovatel'skikh rabot po radiatsionnoj pasterizatsii ryby i krabov v soedinennykh shtatakh; Estado de las Investigaciones y Estudios Experimentales Sobre la Radiopasteurizacion de Pescados y Mariscos en los Estados Unidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Slavin, J. W.; Ronsivalli, L. J.; Connors, T. J. [United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, MA (United States)

    1966-11-15

    kachestvo produkta i sroki hranenija; upakovka imeet sushhestvennoe znachenie. Sinergeticheskie sistemy s ispol'zovaniem baktericidnyh solej ili nagreva v svjazi s izlucheniem jeffektivno unichtozhajut bakterii i svidetel'stvujut o vozmozhnosti sokrashhenija radiacionnyh urovnej i uvelichenija srokov hranenija produktov po sravneniju so srokami, kogda primenjaetsja lish' izluchenie. Obluchenie na ochen' nizkih urovnjah znachitel'no izmenjaet mikrobnuju floru rybnogo file, no interesno, chto jeto izmenenie bol'she izmenenija, kotoroe imeet mesto pri hranenii produktov v anajerobnoj okruzhajushhej srede. Obsuzhdaja mikrobiologicheskie izmenenija v obluchennoj i neobluchennoj rybe, avtory otmechajut, chto obrabotannye rybnye file javljajutsja takimi zhe bezopasnymi i s{sup e}dobnymi, kak i neobrabotannaja ryba. V doklade podrobno obsuzhdajutsja raboty po aspektam bezopasnosti obluchennyh rybnyh file. Provedenie issledovatel'skih rabot aktivizirovalos' posle sooruzhenija i puska v jekspluataciju ustanovki po obrabotke ryby s pomoshh'ju kobal'ta-60 moshhnost'ju v 250 000 kjuri v Glostere, Massachusets. Ispytanija po upakovke i perevozke obluchennyh produktov v iskusstvennyh kommercheskih uslovijah pokazyvajut, chto s pasterizovannoj ryboj mozhno obra shhat'sja tak zhe, kak i so svezhej ryboj, prichem srok hranenija pasterizovannoj ryby v dva raza vyshe. V sotrudnichestve s chastnymi i gosudarstvennymi organizacijami obluchennye s{sup e}dobnye produkty morja perevozilis' po territorii Soedinennyh Shtatov v kommercheskih kontejnerah i provodilas' ocenka na kachestvo. Rezul'taty - ves'ma obnadezhivajushhie i svidetel'stvujut o tom', chto dannyj process budet imet' chrezvychajno cennoe znachenie dlja promyshlennosti. Obluchenie ryby v more govorit o perspektive ispol'zovanija jetogo metoda v kachestve sredstva uvelichenija sroka hranenija vylovlennoj svezhej ryby. Predvaritel'nye rezul' taty ukazyvajut kovodnoj ryby v more na urovne menee 100 000 rad i posledujushhee povtornoe

  12. Stable and Unstable Behaviour of Preheated Plasma in Linear and Cusped Theta Pinches; Comportement de Plasmas Prechauffes Stables et Instables Soumis a des Strictions Azimutales Lineaires et Cuspidees; Ustojchivoe i neustojchivoe povedenie predvaritel'no nagretoj plazmy v teta-pinch razryadakh s linejnoj i antiprobkovoj geometriej; Comportamiento de Plasmas Precalentados, Estables e Inestables, Sometidos a Constricciones Azimutales de Geometria Lineal y Cuspidal

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Belitz, R. J.; Bogen, P.; Dippel, K. H.; Jordan, H. L.; Kugler, E.; Miyahara, A.; Noll, P.; Schlueter, J.; Witulski, H. [Association EURATOM-Kernforschungsanlage, Juelich (Germany)

    1966-04-15

    10,5 sm f, dlina 128 sm, B{sub max} = 100 kG, T{sub Vulgar-Fraction-One-Half} = 17 {mu}sec. 3. Teta-pinch razrjad v prostranstvennoj antiprobkovoj geometrii pri 10 kdzh s B{sub max} =45 kgs na osi vershinah i v oblasti shheli, radius 5,2 sm, dlina 8,5 sm. Na vseh ustanovkah prisposobleny: predvaritel'naja ionizacija s pomoshh'ju vysokochastotnogo generatora maloj moshhnosti s emkostnoj svjaz'ju, magnitnoe pole smeshhenija s peremennoj naprjazhennost'ju i poljarnost'ju, predvaritel'nyj nagrev s pomoshh'ju impul'snogo.kolebatel'nogo bezjelektrodnogo kol'cevogo razrjada, szhatie plazmy s pomoshh'ju bystrodejstvujushhej kondensatornoj batarei. Dlja nabljudenij ispol'zovalis' fotografirovanie razrjada s nepreryvnoj i kadrovoj razvertkoj vo vremeni, opticheskaja interferometrija s pomoshh'ju interferometra Maha-Cendera i differencial'nogo in- terferometra, spektroskopija v vidimoj oblasti i v oblasti mjagkih rentgenovskih luchej i magnitnye zondy. Jeti metody dajut informaciju o strukture plazmy, o profiljah plotnosti, o raspredelenii jelektronnyh i dopplerovskih ionnyh temperatur i ih izmenenii vo vremeni. V ustanovkah s linejnoj geometriej nabljudalis' kak ustojchivye tak i neustojchivye sostojanija plazmy. Putem izmenenija davlenija, polja smeshhenija, predvaritel'noj ionizacii, predvaritel'nogo nagreva i koncentracii primesej i putem narushenija simmetrii razrjadnoj trubki okazalos' vozmozhnym poluchit' informaciju ob oblastjah s ustojchivymi i neustojchivymi parametrami. Otklonenija ot simmetrii plazmennogo stolba mogut imet' mesto iz-za: 1) smeshhenij, svjazannyh s prostranstvennoj neodnorodnost'ju uderzhivajushhego magnitnogo polja, 2) osevyh dvizhenij i szhatij v plazme s zahvachennym antiparallel'nym polem i voln razrezhenija iz-za poter' na koncah, 3) vrashhenij i deformacionnyh kolebanij poperechnogo sechenija plazmy, 4) zvezdoobraznoj neustojchivosti i izverzhenij. V to vremja kak smeshhenija i osevye dvizhenija neposredstvenno svjazany s konfiguraciej

  13. Method of obtaining concentrated preparations of Cl{sup 36} and Br{sup 82} by recoil nuclei under exposure to high-density neutron fields; Preparation de composes du chlore-36 et du brome-82 de haute activite specifique, par exposition de noyaux de recul a des champs neutroniques intenses; Poluchenie kontsentrirovannykh preparatov Cl{sup 36} i Br{sup 82} metodom yader otdachi pri obluchenii v nejtronnykh polyakh vysokoj plotnosti; Obtencion de compuestos de cloro-36 y de bromo-82 de alta actividad especifica por retroceso de nucleos en campos neutronicos intensos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kurchatova, L N; Kurchatov, B V

    1962-01-15

    umerennykh vosstanovitelej. Soedineniya khlora s uglem po ustojchivosti blizki k soedineniyam broma s uglem. Tol'ko sil'nye vosstanoviteli (sernokislyj rastvor CrSO{sub 4}) medlenno otshcheplyayut khlor pri komnatnoj temperature iz soedinenij khlora s aktivirovannym uglem. Obogashchenie broma izotopom Br{sup 82} pri ispol'zovanii ukazannykh soedinenij broma s uglem dostigaet 50+500-kratnogo pri integral'nykh potokakh poryadka 5.10{sup 17} nejtr./cm{sup 2}. Udel'naya aktivnost' kontsentrata kolebletsya ot 6 do 35 mkyuri/mg broma i, veroyatno, mozhet byt' povyshena pri dal'nejshej otrabotke metoda. Struktura soedineniya obespechivaet khoroshee izvlechenie radioaktivnogo broma (do 75%) pri prostejshikh tekhnologicheskikh operatsiyakh. Dlya poluteniya kontsentrata khlora-36 naibolee ehffektivnoj okazalas' sistema uglerod + khlornoe zhelezo + khlor. Na ehtoj sisteme poluchen koehffitsient obogashcheniya ot 6 do 20-kratnogo pri udel'noj aktivnosti kontsentrata 230-55 mikrokyuri/g khlora. EHffekt kontsentrirovaniya pri obluchenii nejtronami ukazannykh soedinenij khlora i broma yavlyaetsya rezul'tatom nalozheniya tselogo ryada protsessov: obrazovaniya radioaktivnykh atomov khlora, radioliticheskogo otshchepleniya galoida, diffuzii poluchennykh produktov v reshetke ugleroda, sorbtsii ikh na poverkhnosti i rekombinatsii na razlichnykh tsentrakh. Mnogochislennye faktory - ul'tramikroskopicheskaya struktura, priroda novykh soedinenij, otnosyashchikhsya k tipu poverkhnostnykh soedinenij, nalichie na poverkhnosti uglya tsentrov s nepreryvnym spektrom ehnergii sorbtsii, veroyatnoe obrazovanie pri obluchenii uglya razlichnykh nepodvizhnykh tsentrov rekombinatsii i dr., - obuslavlivayut chrezvychajnoe raznoobrazie uslovij obrazovaniya i vzaimodejstviya produktov oblucheniya s uglerodnym skeletom i ego poverkhnost'yu. Poehtomu ispol'zovannye sistemy predstavlyayut vozmozhnost' shirokoj variatsii opytov dlya podbora optimal'nykh uslovij obogashcheniya. (author)

  14. Perspectives for the Use of Ionizing Radiation in the Decontamination (Salmonella Radicidation) of Some Frozen Proteinaceous Foods and Dry Mixed Feed Ingredients; Perspectives de l'Emploi des Rayonnements pour la Decontamination (Radicidation de Salmonella) de Certains Aliments Proteiques Congeles et des Constituants de Melanges Alimentaires Secs pour Animaux; Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya ioniziruyushchego izlucheniya dlya unichtozheniya bakterij (Gruppy Salmonella) nekotorykh zamorozhennykh belkovykh osnovnykh pishchevykh produktov i sukhikh komponentov smeshannogo'fura; Radiodescontaminacion (Radicidacion de la Salmonella) de Algunos Alimentos Proteicos Basicos Congelados y de Componentes de Alimentos Secos para Animales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mossel, D. A.A. [Central Institute for Nutrition and Food Research T.N.O., Zeist (Netherlands)

    1966-11-15

    escala comercial. (author) [Russian] Radiacionnaja dezaktivacija, osobenno belkovyh osnovnyh pishhevyh produktov nizkoj vodnoj aktivnosti, kak predstavljalos', dolzhna byla ispol'zovat'sja v kachestve odnogo iz pervyh primenenij ionizirujushhej jenergii v obrabotke pishhevyh produktov i furazha v silu a) ogranichennogo radiohimicheskogo povrezhdenija sootvetstvujushhih predmetov potreblenija; b) otsutstvija mikrobnoj proliferacii posle obluchenija; v) nekotoryh, chasto edinstvennyh v svoem rode, tehnologicheskih preimushhestv, kak, naprimer, primenimosti k uzhe upakovannym materialam, naprimer, k komponentam smeshannogo furazha, i jeffektivnoj dezaktivacii bez odnovremennoj poteri svezhesti, chto imeet mesto v sluchae s obychnym mjasom i mjasom domashnej pticy. V kachestve pervogo shaga byli provedeny laboratornye opyty po opredeleniju diapazona doz v jetoj oblasti odnovremenno s pochti maksimal'nym ispytaniem na sohranenie vkusovyh i pitatel'nyh kachestv. Poskol'ku rezul'taty jetih opytov javljalis' ves'ma obnadezhivajushhimi, byli provedeny opytnye ispytanija, hotja odnovremenno nauchnye issledovanija na sohranenie vkusovyh i pitatel'nyh kachestv byli prodleny na polnye dva goda, i prove- . deny opyty na treh pokolenijah krys. V hode jetih opytov bylo podtverzhdeno, chto doza porjadka 0,7{+-}0,1 megarad ves'ma dostatochna dlja udalenija salmonelly iz zamorozhennyh i zasushennyh belkovyh produktov, kak, naprimer, kurjatiny, rybnoj muki i smeshannogo furazha. Esli po prichinam analiticheskogo haraktera nuzhno bylo otdat' predpochtenie otricatel'nomu jenterobakterial'nomu ispytaniju dlja znachitel'nogo chisla obrazcov porjadka 10 g materiala, podvergnutogo dejstviju ionizirujushhego izluchenija, doza izluchenija dolzhna byla byt' neskol'ko uvelichena; strogaja maksimal'naja doza dolzhna sostavljat' v takom sluchae 1,0 megarad, naprimer, esli nuzhno obrabotat' smeshannyj furazh, pervonachal'no soderzhavshij bol'shoe chislo otnositel'no ustojchivyh k izlucheniju

  15. Dum lucet - bibamus sodales. Ob und wie wir Archäologen die Alten verstehen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iva Mikl Curk

    2004-12-01

    Luxusgeschirr, und sie sind vorzüglich gearbeitet. Aus Slowenien, aus Dolenjsko, der Region südöstlich von Emona - Ljubljana, wo die noch lebendige Tradition der reichen Eisenzeit angenommen werden dürfte, sowie aus Poetovio- Ptuj stammen die Becher. Von diesen dürften der Götter-Becher von Črnelo (jetzt im Nationalmuseum in Ljubljana und der gravierte Becher mit dem griechischen Trinkspruch von Novo mesto- Bršljin (jetzt im Kunsthistorischen Museum in Wien in keinem Handbuch über römisches Glas fehlen. Diese beiden sind als dem Kultus fest verbunden zu betrachten, obwohl jedenfalls vorerst dem individuellen Kultus der libatio, zusammen mit der Magie am Tische, welche den Genuss von Getränken begleitet, besonders den Genuss von Wein mit einem Wunsch nach Wohlbefinden, mit einem Trinkspruch also. Bis dahin ist es nur ein kleiner Schritt zum Totenkult. Die Efeu-Ranke des Kantharos von Poetovio - Ptuj kann so mit den beiden erwähnten Dimensionen dieser Vorstellung gut in Verbindung stehen. Dagegen wird hier die Meinung vertreten, die Gravur der Flasche von Ptuj deute mehr darauf hin, dass sie ursprünglich als eine Art von Widmung an die Götter von Alexandrien gedacht gewesen sei und zugleich zu einem Souvenir aus dem Land am Nil geworden sei, da es jedenfalls ursprünglich eine spezielle landeseigene Flüssigkeit, ein möglicherweise wohlriechendes Öl oder eine Pomade, enthalten hat. Wein z.B. wäre dazu nicht eigenartig genug gewesen. Beim Darstellen der Keramikware wird vorerst der schon alten Feststellung, dass an Sigillata immer wieder Motive vorkommen, die dem Weingenuss angepasst sind, beigestimmt. Zu bestimmten Phasen einiger Werkstätten gehören ferner über das Bildfeld verteilte Glückwunsch-Inschriften, aber auch die jedenfalls nicht mehr verstandenen Motive, die von den ursprünglich als eine Art Souvenir gedachten Zirkusbechern stammen. All das dürfte den Gebrauch hier zu Lande weniger beeinträchtigen. Die Inschrift und das Dekor des ACO

  16. MASURCA, a Fast-Neutron Critical Mock-Up: Operation and Uses; MASURCA. Maquette Critique a Neutrons Rapides. Description Fonctionnelle et Obiectifs; ''MAZURKA'' - kriticheskaya model' na bystrykh nejtronakh. funktsional'noe opisanie i tseli; Descripcion Funcional y Objetivos de la Maqueta Critica de Neutrones Rapidos 'MASURCA '

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmitt, A. P.; Storrer, F.; Vendryes, G. [Association CEA-EURATOM, Cadarache (France); Tavernier, G.; Van Dievoet, J. [Societe Belgo-Nucleaire, Bruxelles (Belgium)

    1964-02-15

    i vysotoj 102 mm. Oni razmeshheny v trubah kvadratnogo sechenija s vneshnej storonoj 106 mm i dlinoj porjadka 4 m. Jeti truby nahodjatsja v pod- veshennom sostojanii rjadom drug s drugom. Central'naja chast' podveshennoj plity mozhet prinimat' men'shie truby, chto pozvoljaet sozdavat' aktivnye zony nebol'shih razmerov. Special'nyj podogretyj kontur takzhe mozhet peremeshhat'sja v central'noj chasti ustanovki, chto daet vozmozhnost' izmerjat' kojefficient Dopplera. V doklade daetsja funkcional'noe opisanie ustanovki. Ukazyvaetsja na vozmozhnost' osushhestvlenija modelirovanija aktivnyh zon bystryh reaktorov na okislah (s pomoshh'ju jelementov iz okisi zheleza dlja vvedenija kisloroda) i na karbidah (s pomoshh'ju grafitovyh jele- mentov). Obsuzhdaetsja metod smeshannyh zagruzok, ko.toryj neobhodimo budet primenjat' vvidu opredelennogo kolichestva plutonija, ispol'zuemogo v takih opytah v nastojashhem desja- tiletii, i metodov, kotorye budut primenjat'sja dlja opredelenija osnovnyh nejtronnyh pa- rametrov. V zakljuchenie ukazyvaetsja mesto, kotoroe zanimaet jetot kriticheskij maket sredi os- novnyh fizicheskih issledovanij, svjazannyh s razrabotkoj reaktorov na bystryh nejtronah. V chastnosti, ispol'zovannye jeksperimental'nye sredstva vkljuchali reaktor-istochnik ''Garmonija'', prednaznachennyj dlja razrabotki,metodov izmerenija i dlja obespechenija jeksponenci- al'nyh opytov, a takzhe uskoriteli v kachestve istochnika staticheskih i dinamicheskih nejtronov dlja obespechenija podkriticheskih opytov na bystryh nejtronah. (author)

  17. Delayed Neutrons and Photoneutrons from Fission Products; Neutrons Retardes et Photoneutrons Emis par des Produits de Fission; 0417 0410 041f 0410 0417 0414 042b 0412 0410 042e 0429 0418 0415 041d 0415 0419 0422 0420 041e 041d 042b 0418 0424 041e 0422 041e 041d 0415 0419 0422 0420 041e 041d 042b 041f 0420 041e 0414 0423 041a 0422 041e 0412 0414 0415 041b 0415 041d 0418 042f ; Neutrones Retardados y Fotoneutrones de los Productos de Fision

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Amiel, S. [Soreq Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Commission, Yavne (Israel)

    1965-07-15

    nezavisimy ot jenergii bombardirujushhih deljashhihsja nejtronov pri jenergijah do neskol'kih Mjev. V ztom diapazone vyhody nabljudaemoj gruppy, osobenno gruppy dolgozhivushhih predshestvennikov, dostatochno horosho soglasujutsja s massoj delenija i raspredelenijami zarjada, a takzhe s raschetnoj verojatnost'ju ispuskanija nejtronov. Dal'nejshee detal'noe issledovanie predshestvennikov zapazdyvajushhih nejtronov (v chastnosti, v trudnoj oblasti korotkogo perioda poluraspada) trebuet usovershenstvovanija metodov sverhbystrogo radiohimicheskogo otdelenija predshestvennikov (ili izotopnogo razdelenija na linii), a takzhe bystroj nejtronnoj spektroskopii s vysokoj razreshajushhej sposobnost'ju i jeffektivnost'ju. Fotonejtrony, Znanie intensivnosti i spektrov gamma-luchej produktov delenija imeet bol'shoe prakticheskoe znachenie v reaktornoj tehnike, v chastnosti, chto kasaetsja jeffektov nagrevanija gamma-luchami, jekranirovanija i radiacii. Gamma-luchi s jenergiej, bol'shej chem 2,23 i 1,67 Mjev, javljajutsja prichinoj jemissii fotonejtronov iz dejterija i berillija sootvetstvenno i ochen' vazhny dlja izuchenija kinetiki tjazhelovodnyh reaktorov s zamedlitelem iz berillija. Intensivnost' ispuskanija fotonejtronoja posle delenija predstavljaet soboj slozhnyj raspad sootvetstvujushhih nuklidov, ispuskajushhih gamma-luchi v smesi iz cepochki produktov delenija. Obshhie krivye raspada fotonejtroiov iz D{sub 2}O i Be byli razdeleny na 9 grupp s periodom poluraspada v diapazone ot neskol'kih sekund do priblizitel'no 13 dnej. Kazhdaja iz jetih grupp predstavljaet soboj slozhnyj sostav nuklidov. Detal'naja informacija otnositel'no komponentov jetih grupp ochen' vazhna dlja teh reaktorov, v kotoryh mozhet imet' mesto frakcionirovannoe delenie, vlijajushhee na otnositel'nuju gruppovuju rasprostranennost'. Podobnaja informacija sushhestvuet tol'ko v otnoshenii dolgozhivushhih produktov delenija, harakteristiki i vyhod kotoryh horosho izvestny, i rezul'taty jeksperimentov soglasujutsja s

  18. Post-Construction Testing of the Elk River, Hallam and Piqua Power Reactor Plants; Essais apres construction des centrales nucleaires d'Elk River, de Hallam et de Piqua; Predehkspluatatsionnoe ispytanie Ehlk-riverskoj, Khehlpemskoj i Pikuaskoj ehnergeticheskikh reaktornykh ustanovok; Ensayos posteriores a la construccion de las centrales nucleoelectricas de Elk River, Hallam y Piqua

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pursel, C. A. [United States Atomic Energy Commission, Argonne, IL (United States)

    1963-10-15

    byli: Ehlk-riverskij reaktor. V nekotorykh chastyakh baka reaktora obnaruzheny treshchiny, chto potrebovalo obshirnykh issledovanij i analizov, a takzhe nekotorogo remonta i modifikatsii baka. Nedostatochnaya proizvoditel'nost' parootdelitelya potrebovala zameny k modifikatsii nekotorykh metallicheskikh detalej baka reaktora. Khehldemskaya yadernaya ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka. Uvlechenie zashchitnogo gaza geliya privelo k neobkhodimosti modifitsirovat' vtorichnye natrievye kontury. Povrezhdenie truboprovoda v promezhutochnom natrievo-natrievom; teploobmennike potrebovalo provedeniya analizov dlya opredeleniya prichiny povrezhdeniya, vsled za chem posledovalo izvlechenie i remont teploobmennika. Pikuaskaya yadernaya ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka. Pri khimicheskoj ochistke sistemy truboprovodov povrezhdeno neskol'ko ventilej, chto potrebovalo ikh remonta ili zameny. Utechki v sisteme organicheskogo teplonositelya i v sisteme indikatsii para priveli k povtornym zaderzhkam. Posle okonchaniya neobkhodimogo remonta i vneseniya izmenenij fakticheskie rabochie kharakteristiki kazhdogo iz trekh reaktorov priblizilis' vplotnuyu k proektnym raschetam. (author)

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