Drug Trafficking in Cosmopolitan Culture: A View from the Colombian Experience

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María Stella Baracaldo Méndez

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Drug trafficking has been a ubiquitous crime on the American continent since the 1980s, and addressing it has required international policy to function beyond the physical boundaries of the nation-state, whatever its role is: as a producer, as a go-between for its sale, or as a consumer. The manifestations of drug trafficking are criminal, multiple and incalculable. Its behavior as merchandise, subject to supply and demand, has benefitted from the process of globalization, particularly with the availability of technology and IT, which it has made available in local and regional societies. According to Ulrich Beck, Eduardo Pastrana, Irvin Waller, Antanas Mockus and Ariel Francais, drug trafficking is mainly a globalized product, a successful business, a cosmopolitan risk, and a cultural component that is difficult to eradicate with wartime policies because in Colombia violence is not an accidental product, it is multicausal. To address this phenomenon, the only universal regulators are human rights and civil ethics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v2i0.1193

Bogotá experience in government: device and educational strategies to expressions, scenarios and breaks on a proposal for citizen culture

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Gloria Clemencia VALENCIA GONZÁLEZ

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The Bogotá currently known, rebuilt from the ashes of 9 April got used for decades to live labors, fear and mistrust, but particularly in exclusion. With the arrival of Antanas Mockus to Mayor broke various paradigms: he and his cabinet not came from the traditional political caste, came from the Academy and claimed other relationships with citizenship. In addition, became the city learning space because their Government project drew on the political but evidenced in the pedagogical and found its deployment in the communicative. Six priorities proposed for government experience are articulated around one: civic culture. Culture that should be disseminated, learned and implementation from train in town, then so is generate sense of belonging, would facilitate urban coexistence and would lead to the respect of the common heritage and recognition of the rights and duties of citizens. In the Mayor Mockus’s «great classroom» citizenship would of apathy to the habitancia. Far pedagogy and communication, as not nominated devices, managed to go beyond the labelling and the indication and approached the civic culture to political socialization? This reflection article links to research «higher education and training citizen, case Bogotá» and consists of five sections.

Aspectos Tafonômicos de Testudines da Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior,Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil.

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Gustavo Ribeiro de Oliveira

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Araripe Basin is worldwide famous by diverse and exquisitely well preserved fossil assemblages in antana Formation. This lithostratigraphic unit is subdivided into three members: Crato, Ipubi and Romualdo. Up to date six species of turtles are known: Araripemys barretoi Price, 1973; Santanachelys gaffneyi, Hirayama,1998; Brasilemys josai Lapparent de Broin, 2000; Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney, Campos & Hirayama, 2001, Euraxemys essweini Gaffney, Tong & Meylan, 2006 and Caririemys violetae Oliveira & Kellner, 2007.Taphonomical features of turtles from Crato and Romualdo members are presents here. One specimen was examined in the Crato lagerstätte, (MN 4893-V Araripemys sp. (partial skull, axial and apendicular skeleton. This exemplar is preserved in light-beige colored laminated limestone from the Crato Member. Three specimenswere analized (MN 6743-V, MN 6744-V and MN 6760-V in the Romualdo lagerstätte, the two first are Araripemys barretoi specimens (shell and cervical vertebrae and the later is a Cearachelys placidoi specimen (fragmented shell. They are preserved in calcareous nodules. No data of collection of these specimens areavailable, however are possible to infer on aspects of preservation of these exemplares, since that these are preserved in the original sedimentary matrix. All specimens have shown the surface of bones without abrasion, what it allows to infer these turtles as autocthonous.

Evaluación de alternativas para el tratamiento de lixiviados en el relleno sanitario Antanas del Municipio de San Juan de Pasto en Colombia

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Arango Romero, Paola Andrea

2013-01-01

El agua es uno de los recursos naturales más íntimamente unido a la vida, se encuentra de forma abundante en la Tierra, por ello este recurso se ha convertido en tema de discusión a nivel mundial, por la importancia y la necesidad de abogar la gestión sostenible sobre todo de los recursos de agua dulce. En los países en desarrollo, el consumo de agua y la generación de residuos sólidos está en aumento; el tema de la gestión de residuos resulta un problema complejo en el cual se integran conce...

EFICIENCIA DE CONSORCIOS MICROBIANOS PARA TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN UN SISTEMA DE RECIRCULACIÓN ACUÍCOLA

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IVÁN ANDRÉS SÁNCHEZ O

Full Text Available Los filtros biológicos viabilizan el reuso de aguas residuales (AR en sistemas de recirculación acuícola (SRA, su desempeño depende entre otros factores, del tipo de filtro, medio soporte e inóculo utilizado. Se evaluaron las eficiencias de diferentes inóculos para el tratamiento de AR provenientes del cultivo de trucha arcoiris mediante biofiltros de flujo ascendente en un SRA. Se utilizó un tanque para cultivo con control de nivel, un filtro con bolsas de lienzo para retención de sólidos y seis biofiltros de diámetro 3” con arena como medio soporte y tiempo de retención hidráulica (TRH de 11 min. Los inóculos utilizados fueron: R1-control: aguas del SRA; R2-lodos estación piscícola; R3-agua laguna aereada relleno sanitario Antanas (RSA; R4-sedimentos de acuarios; R5-lodos laguna aereada RSA; R6-lodos reactor sulfidogénico RSA. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los reactores para remoción de DQO, fósforo, amoniaco y nitritos, cuyas remociones medias fueron de 45,3; 15,1; 4,7 y 27,2% respectivamente. Hubo diferencias estadísticas entre reactores para remoción de color y nitratos, las mejores eficiencias fueron para: color R6:38,8% y R1:37,3%; para nitratos R5:47,3% y R6:42,8%; demostrándose la influencia de consorcios microbianos en los SRA

La Investigación en Ingeniería

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Horacio Torres Sánchez

2001-01-01

Full Text Available La pretensión de este ensayo es intentar desarrollar dos planteamientos: - ¿Qué es la investigación tecnológica en ingeniería? Una aproximación a una definición: - Cómo se puede potenciar Para ello es necesario partir de la definición de Ciencia, Técnica y Tecnología, lo cual haré tomando como referentes conferencias de los profesores Daría Mesa y Antanas Mockus: La Ciencia es el saber conceptual que tenemos de la naturaleza y la sociedad de manera segura en un momento dado. La Técnica es el conjunto de instrumentos (herramientas, máquinas, aparatos que el hombre pone entre si mismo y el objeto que busca transformar. Depende en un alto grado del nivel de conocimientos que el ser humano tenga sobre la naturaleza y la sociedad. La tecnología es la innovación y optimización de principios científicos concatenados con procesos técnicos en función de la producción económica. Son rasgos distintivos de la tecnología: - Criterios explícitos de optimización. Solución óptima dentro de conjunto de soluciones posibles. - Reconocimiento, teóricamente asegurado, de las alternativas posibles. - Diseño. Predeterminación rigurosa, detallada y minuciosa de productos y procesos. - Procesos de trabajo universal y conmensurable con la teoría.Con este marco de referencia la investigación tecnológica sería, entonces, el proceso de apropiación, construcción y creación autónoma de conocimiento, que se realiza con el propósito de avanzar en la solución de problemáticas definidas, lo cual genera resultados visibles y comunicables que son susceptibles de contrastación académica y de validez social.

Kai kurie Antano Baranausko verstos Biblijos (pseudoarchaizmai

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Birutė Kabašinskaitė

2011-12-01

Full Text Available (PSEUDOARCHAISMEN IN ANTANAS BARANAUSKAS’ BIBELÜBERSETZUNGZusammenfassungIn seiner Bibelübersetzung (1901–1902; im weiteren BaB genannt verwendet Antanas Baranauskas aus stilistischen Gründen nicht nur die gängigen Archaismen der alten Texte, sondern auch künstliche morphologische Formen, welche den früheren Sprachzustand wiedergeben sollten, wie er nach den alten Texten, den Mundarten und den Erkenntnissen der historisch-vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft sowie den Hypothesen des Autors rekonstruiert werden kann.Die in BaB vorkommenden durch das Fehlen der Partikel te- sowie die Endungen -ie, -y, -ai charakterisierten Formen des Kupitivs (geidžiamoji nuosaka sind in Anlehnung an ähnliche Formen des Kupitivs und Imperativs der Mundarten und alten Texte gebildet.Auf die Partikel te- hat Baranauskas wahrscheinlich deswegen verzichtet, weil er das ursprüngliche Paradigma des alten Optativs (der bei ihm als geistaikis bezeichnet wird wiederherstellen wollte.Die dreifachen Endungen der Kupitivformen hat der Autor nicht streng mit irgendwelchen konkreten Präsensstämmen verbunden, obwohl die Mundarten und insbesondere die alten Texte ein konsequenteres System aufweisen.Vom Gebrauch in den heutigen Mundarten und alten Texte unterscheidet sich die Vorgehensweise in BaB durch die häufige Verwendung der Formen mit -ai. Hier bekommen eine solche Endung nicht nur die ā-, sondern auch die ina- und sta-Stämme sowie die auf alten Nasalvokal ų + -va- auslautenden Infixpräsentien. Vorbild für die Formen auf -ai waren wahrscheinlich die in verschiedenen (besonders žemaitischen Mundarten vorkommenden Formen der 3. Person Indikativ Präsens auf -ai mit vorausgestellter Partikel, die in der Funktion des Kupitivs gebraucht werden können. Zur Bevorzugung der Formen auf -ai konnte die Angabe in Schleichers Grammatik veranlaßt haben, daß -ai der ursprüngliche (baltoslavische? Ausgang des Optativs gewesen sei.Ungewöhnlich und h

Charleso Dickenso kūrybos recepcija Lietuvoje: sceninės adaptacijos ir kritikų vertinimas (II dalis. The Lithuanian Reception of Charles Dickens: Theatrical Adaptations and Critical Response to them (Part II

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Regina Rudaitytė

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Theatrical productions are always an important aspect in the reception of any author in any country. They are instrumental in promoting the writer and his work, in bringing it closer to the ordinary readership. Particularly so in Lithuania which has a long and lively theatrical tradition of more than 400 years. The Kaunas State Theatre established in 1922 became an important centre in the cultural life of Lithuania and was the only professional theatre organization in Lithuania until 1931, which dramatized and performed Dickens’s works, among others. Stage adaptations played an important role in the reception of Dickens’s art, particularly in the inter-war period in the 1920s and 1930s: they were instrumental in the promotion of Dickensian image, in the dissemination of his writing and in enhancing its popularity; thus Dickens’s name became firmly entrenched in the Lithuanian cultural context. For general readers and theatre audiences Dickens became the most famous, the most representative and the most popular English writer, regarded as an iconic figure in English literature, in stature competing only with Shakespeare.The first theatre production of Dickens’s work in Lithuania was A Christmas Carol; it was put on stage by the famous director Antanas Sutkus in 1927. It was followed by stage adaptations of The Chimes, Oliver Twist and The Cricket on the Hearth.A theatrical production of Dickens’s novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club was put on stage on September 29, 2002. Adapted and directed by the actor Sigitas Račkys in early twenty-first century at the Klaipėda Drama Theatre, it really came as a surprise given the temper and tenor of the times which are not very favourable for the reception of Dickens’s writing. And, naturally, the response to it was ambivalent and controversial.By all evidence, the performance was probably not a very successful attempt at the stage production of Dickens’s Pickwick in spite of the

Stable isotopes in Lithuanian bioarcheological material

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Skipityte, Raminta; Jankauskas, Rimantas; Remeikis, Vidmantas

2015-04-01

Investigation of bioarcheological material of ancient human populations allows us to understand the subsistence behavior associated with various adaptations to the environment. Feeding habits are essential to the survival and growth of ancient populations. Stable isotope analysis is accepted tool in paleodiet (Schutkowski et al, 1999) and paleoenvironmental (Zernitskaya et al, 2014) studies. However, stable isotopes can be useful not only in investigating human feeding habits but also in describing social and cultural structure of the past populations (Le Huray and Schutkowski, 2005). Only few stable isotope investigations have been performed before in Lithuanian region suggesting a quite uniform diet between males and females and protein intake from freshwater fish and animal protein. Previously, stable isotope analysis has only been used to study a Stone Age population however, more recently studies have been conducted on Iron Age and Late medieval samples (Jacobs et al, 2009). Anyway, there was a need for more precise examination. Stable isotope analysis were performed on human bone collagen and apatite samples in this study. Data represented various ages (from 5-7th cent. to 18th cent.). Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on medieval populations indicated that individuals in studied sites in Lithuania were almost exclusively consuming C3 plants, C3 fed terrestrial animals, and some freshwater resources. Current investigation demonstrated social differences between elites and country people and is promising in paleodietary and daily life reconstruction. Acknowledgement I thank prof. dr. G. Grupe, Director of the Anthropological and Palaeoanatomical State Collection in Munich for providing the opportunity to work in her laboratory. The part of this work was funded by DAAD. Antanaitis-Jacobs, Indre, et al. "Diet in early Lithuanian prehistory and the new stable isotope evidence." Archaeologia Baltica 12 (2009): 12-30. Le Huray, Jonathan D., and Holger

PORTRAIT GRAFFITI IN MARGINS OF ANTIQUE LITHUANIAN BOOKS

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Burba, Domininkas

2006-12-01

Full Text Available This article presents and discusses fourteen drawings that portray a human and were found in manuscripts and printed books (documents that were actively used in Lithuania from 17th to 19th centuries. All the drawings were made in the margins of the documents. For the authors the drawings were not planned work but more like quips, scribbles and doodles. Therefore the terms portrait graffiti and (as a synonym portrait marginalia are used to describe the discussed portraits. According to the formal classification of marginal drawings (suggested by J. Liskeviciene two of the examined marginal portraits (no. 10 and 14 are classed as seperate and finished works with their own composition; ten marginal portraits (no. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13 represent the readers (document users sketch like drawings. Two other portraits (no. 1 and 3 are just scribbles that have nothing to do with artictic perception and are very close to book graffiti. From the artistic approcah the most sophisticated of the marginal portraits are “the hunt scene” (no. 14 and the late (first half of the 19th century “portrait of the teacher” (no. 13. In the viewpoint of documentary and social communication the discussed marginal drawings did not have a direct addressee. They were made not for public but for personal use. Paleographical, structural and content analysis of the document showed that the author of the “bearded nobleman” portrait (no. 2 could have been the elder of Merkine Antanas Kazimieras Sapiega. The political realia of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (from now GDL are reflected by the heart shaped portrait of a youngster who we can guess is portrayed weeping over the countries misfortunes and internal disagreements duringthe period of foreight military interventions in the years from 1733 to 1736. It was forbiden for scribes to daub on court files and other official GDL documents therefore the discussed graffiti could be linked to psychological stress and