Entre palabra, escritura e imagen

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José Sánchez Parga

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Plantea el autor que, hace quinientos años, cuando se produjo el encuentro entre la cultura europea y las americanas junto con la conquista y la dominación colonial se instauró un régimen de comunicación en el que se reprodujo una situación de incomunicación y transcomunicaciones hasta ahora existentes. Se refiere el autor también a la violencia verbal y la ley del silencio, a lo que se entiende por mundo andino, a la comunicación como intercambio, la tradición oral-galaxia radial, la dominación gráfica, la Biblia-Gramática- leyes de Indias, Otavalo, quema de papeles, Guamán Poma, el imperialismo de la imagen, destrucción de ídolos, imagen cristiana colonizadora, imperialismo de la imagen, resistencia cultural, importancia de la virgen y el neocolonialismo electrónico.

Utilização das imagens MSS do Landsat-1 (ERTS do mapeamento do uso atual da terra

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Irani Schonhofen Garcia

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Objetiva inferir o grau de acuidade oferecida pela imagem do LANDSAT-1 para a área de estudo (região de Dourados, estado do Mato Grosso, identificando os parâmetros de drenagem, rede viárias e vegetação.

Uso de imagens TM/Landsat-5 e termometria na identificação e mapeamento de solos afetados por sais na região de Sousa, PB TM/Landsat-5 images and thermometry in the identification and mapping of salt affected soils in the region of Sousa, Brazil

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Cícero O. Lima

2001-05-01

Full Text Available A região de São Gonçalo/Baixada de Sousa é um dos principais centros agrícolas do Estado da Paraíba. O manejo inadequado das terras e da irrigação tem sido responsável pela redução do rendimento das culturas e pela degradação dos solos, por salinização. Na mitigação das vulnerabilidades agrícolas, o geoprocessamento está consolidado como ferramenta poderosa no estudo e monitoramento do meio ambiente, visando ao desenvolvimento sustentável, com diminuição dos riscos a desastres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o uso de imagens TM/Landsat-5 (análise visual e processamento digital, de medidas superficiais de temperatura e de um SIG na identificação e mapeamento de solos afetados por sais. Os resultados mostraram que, ao longo dos últimos anos, houve incremento da área de solos degradados pela salinização e, hoje, aproximadamente 39,48% da área estudada apresentam ocorrência de solos afetados por sais.The São Gonçalo/Baixada de Sousa region is one of the main agricultural centers of the State of Paraíba. The inadequate management of the lands and irrigation has been responsible for the reduction of the agriculture income and for the soil degradation by salt. In the mitigation of the agricultural vulnerabilities, geoprocessing is consolidated as a powerful tool in the study and monitoring of the environment, aiming at sustainable development with risk reduction of disasters. The objective of this work was the use of TM/Landsat-5 images (visual analysis and digital processing, superficial measures of temperatures and a GIS in the identification and mapping of salt affected soils. The results showed that along the last years the area of soil degradation by salt had increased and today approximately 39.48% of the studied area presents salt affected soils.

Imagen, virtualidad y heterotopía. Reflexiones acerca de la imagen y su función heterotópica

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Juan Diego Parra Valencia

2017-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo aborda la noción de imagen, como campo problemático, más allá del régimen semiológico instaurado desde los modelos lingüísticos. En general, la noción de imagen ha estado vinculada solo a la idea de “representación”, desde la cual se logró domesticar su potencial instaurador de estados de sensibilidad. Consideramos pertinente ampliar campos de reflexión sobre aspectos que no se restrinjan a su funcionalidad representacional y para ello, nos apoyaremos en el concepto de heterotopía de Michel Foucault, el cual nos servirá de ayuda, por cuanto expande el campo de reflexión estética y permite integrar a la dimensión simbólica, la función virtualizante de la imagen como productora de estados de sensibilidad. La imagen, a nuestro entender, funciona como una heterotopía, es una tipología espacio-temporal no convencional, y por tanto es estructurante y configuradora de realidad, tanto en términos sensibles como inteligibles.

Identidad e imagen en Justo Villafañe

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Diógenes D. Mayol Marcó

2010-01-01

Full Text Available De la lectura de los dos primeros capítulos del libro Imagen positiva, de Justo Villafañe, surgieron en nosotros una serie de preguntas en torno a la equivalencia entre identidad y el trío de variables comportamiento-cultura-personalidad corporativas y, particularmente, entre cultura e identidad corporativa; las imágenes funcional, organizacional e intencional propuestas por el autor, así como la presentación de la imagen corporativa, en cuanto síntesis gestáltica, lo que nos llevó a revisar los planteamientos del catedrático y consultor español, a partir de su esquema relación entre identidad e imagen corporativas.

La imagen del pase.

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Hernando Bernal.

1999-11-01

Full Text Available A partir de un texto del poeta Octavio Paz llamado «La imagen», se busca proseguir la equivalencia entre las imágenes de la poesía y la función que ellas tienen para el poeta, y el fantasma fundamental y su función para el analizante que está en el momento del pase. Se parte de la idea de que la poesía busca entrar en el ser así como el psicoanálisis tiene como finalidad apuntar al corazón del ser del sujeto. Se hace entonces una distinción del concepto de «ser» para el psicoanálisis, haciendo alusión también al discurso de la filosofía. Esclarecido el sentido de lo que es el «ser» para el psicoanálisis, se aborda de lleno – entre otras cosas, relacionadas con la experiencia del pase específicamente- la equivalencia entre la definición que hace Octavio Paz de «La Imagen» y el momento del pase en el análisis de un sujeto, imagen que, al igual que el mito para la filosofía, las leyes para la ciencia y el matema para el psicoanálisis, se constituyen en los instrumentos con los que cada una de estas disciplinas horadan en lo real.

ESTIMATIVA DO VOLUME TOTAL DE MADEIRA EM ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTO A PARTIR DE IMAGENS DE SATÉLITE LANDSAT

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Elias Fernando Berra

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Models relating spectral answers with biophysical parameters aim estimate variables, such as wood volume, without the necessity of frequent field measurements. The objective was to develop models to estimatewood volume by Landsat 5 TM images, supported by regional forest inventory data. The image was georeferenced and converted to spectral reflectance. After, the images-index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and SR (Simple Ratio was generated. The reflectance values of both spectral bands (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4 and indices (NDVI and SR was related with the wood volume. The biggest correlation with volume was with the NDVI and SR indices. The variables selection was made by Stepwise method, which returned three regression models as significant to explain the variation in volume. Finally,the best fitted model was selected (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 × (SR + 107,47 × (TM2, which was applied on the Landsat image where the pixels had started to represent the estimated volume in m³/ha on the Eucalyptus sp. production units. This model, significant at 95 % confidence level, explains 68 % of the wood volume variation.

A árvore de imagens

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Jean-Jacques Wunenburger

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Recuperando possíveis consensos entre o conceito de imagem e sua representação perceptiva, esse artigo apresenta uma terceira via que examina a problemática da imagem a partir de sua origem simbólica. A análise leva em conta, ao mesmo tempo, a subjetividade e a objetividade da imagem, para propor não só uma classificação como também uma ordenação hierárquica consoante sua fertilidade simbólica. Para isso, apresenta a metáfora da árvore de imagens, em que as folhas equivalem à relação com o mundo exterior, a imageria; o tronco, que poderia ser chamado de imaginário, possibilita o trânsito entre a copa e as raízes; essas últimas abrigariam o imaginal, em correlação com o substrato arquetipológico. A partir dessa ilustração, é possível observar o ciclo das imagens, compreendendo como suas várias manifestações estão ligadas a uma amálgama suprassensível que atribui às imagens uma pujança simbolizante, não limitada ao conceito nem ao sentido, pois se lhes antecede.

Landsat's international partners

Science.gov (United States)

Byrnes, Raymond A.

2012-01-01

Since the launch of the first Landsat satellite 40 years ago, International Cooperators (ICs) have formed a key strategic alliance with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to not only engage in Landsat data downlink services but also to enable a foundation for scientific and technical collaboration. The map below shows the locations of all ground stations operated by the United States and IC ground station network for the direct downlink and distribution of Landsat 5 (L5) and Landsat 7 (L7) image data. The circles show the approximate area over which each station has the capability for direct reception of Landsat data. The red circles show the components of the L5 ground station network, the green circles show components of the L7 station network, and the dashed circles show stations with dual (L5 and L7) status. The yellow circles show L5 short-term ("campaign") stations that contribute to the USGS Landsat archive. Ground stations in South Dakota and Australia currently serve as the primary data capture facilities for the USGS Landsat Ground Network (LGN). The Landsat Ground Station (LGS) is located at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Alice Springs (ASN) ground station is located at the Geoscience Australia facility in Alice Springs, Australia. These sites receive the image data, via X-band Radio Frequency (RF) link, and the spacecraft housekeeping data, via S-band RF link. LGS also provides tracking services and a command link to the spacecrafts.

Landsat Program

Science.gov (United States)

Markham, Brian L.; Arvidson, Terry; Barsi, Julia A.; Choate, Michael; Kaita, Edward; Levy, Raviv; Lubke, Mark; Masek, Jeffrey G.

2016-01-01

Landsat initiated the revolution in moderate resolution Earth remote sensing in the 1970s. With seven successful missions over 40+ years, Landsat has documented - and continues to document - the global Earth land surface and its evolution. The Landsat missions and sensors have evolved along with the technology from a demonstration project in the analog world of visual interpretation to an operational mission in the digital world, with incremental improvements along the way in terms of spectral, spatial, radiometric and geometric performance as well as acquisition strategy, data availability, and products.

Imagen, violencia política y formación

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Vladimir Olaya Gualteros

2015-02-01

Full Text Available A través de una serie de obras artísticas de Patricia Bravo: “huella y memoria” y “mata que Dios perdona” puestas en escena en algunos espacios públicos de Medellín, los autores construyen relaciones enunciativas en las que conectan imagen con subjetividad, imagen con política e imagen con memoria. Derivar de estas relaciones efectos formativos supone advertir nuevos modos para la comprensión histórica de la violencia social y política, al tiempo que se insinúan potencias propias del arte particularmente útiles tanto para el testimonio como para la afección.

Imagens do outro na filosofia: o desafio da diferença

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Sílvio Gallo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar a tematização do outro pela Filosofia. Dialogando com imagens do cinema e da televisão, procura identificar quais as imagens ou os conceitos do outro, produzidos na história da Filosofia. De forma esquemática, apresenta as imagens do outro como bárbaro (Aristóteles; exótico (Montaigne; civilizado (Voltaire; inferno (Sartre, para, ao final, ensaiar uma "não-imagem" do outro como diferença radical, proposta pela filosofia da diferença de Deleuze.

Principales componentes de la imagen corporativa de entidades culturales

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María Ramis Carrasco

2016-11-01

Full Text Available En el presente articulo se lleva a cabo un análisis de la imagen corporativa de una entidad cultural con el objetivo de destacar la importancia de la misma a la hora de elaborar estrategias relacionadas con la gestión cultural. Se ha investigado qué atributos concretos son mejor valorados por el público y qué dimensiones generales componen la imagen corporativa de la entidad. Basándonos en la literatura revisada, se ha realizado una entrevista en profundidad al gestor de programación de la entidad y una encuesta descriptiva a sus espectadores mediante un cuestionario estructurado. Los resultados de los análisis muestran que la imagen corporativa de la entidad analizada es positiva, si bien es cierto que se pueden mejorar ciertos aspectos.

Requirements, Science, and Measurements for Landsat 10 and Beyond: Perspectives from the Landsat Science Team

Science.gov (United States)

Crawford, C. J.; Masek, J. G.; Roy, D. P.; Woodcock, C. E.; Wulder, M. A.

2017-12-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and NASA are currently prioritizing requirements and investing in technology options for a "Landsat 10 and beyond" mission concept as part of the Sustainable Land Imaging (SLI) architecture. Following the successful February 2013 launch of the Landsat 8, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) have now added over 1 million images to the USGS Landsat archive. The USGS and NASA support and co-lead a Landsat Science Team made up largely of university and government experts to offer independent insight and guidance of program activities and directions. The rapid development of Landsat 9 reflects, in part, strong input from the 2012-2017 USGS Landsat Science Team (LST). During the last two years of the LST's tenure, individual LST members and within LST team working groups have made significant contributions to Landsat 10 and beyond's science traceability and future requirements justification. Central to this input, has been an effort to identify a trade space for enhanced measurement capabilities that maintains mission continuity with eight prior multispectral instruments, and will extend the Landsat Earth observation record beyond 55+ years with an approximate launch date of 2027. The trade space is framed by four fundamental principles in remote sensing theory and practice: (1) temporal resolution, (2) spatial resolution, (3) radiometric resolution, and (4) spectral coverage and resolution. The goal of this communication is to provide a synopsis of past and present 2012-2017 LST contributions to Landsat 10 and beyond measurement science and application priorities. A particular focus will be to document the links between new science and societal benefit areas with potential technical enhancements to the Landsat mission.

Sistemas de reconocimiento basados en la imagen facial

OpenAIRE

Arguello Fuentes, Henry

2012-01-01

Este artículo sintetiza las principales investigaciones que se están llevando a cabo en el área de los sistemas de reconocimiento a través de la imagen facial. Se realiza la descripción de las principales líneas de trabajo en los sistema de identificación de personas por medio de la imagen del rostro. Además, se realiza una síntesis de las últimas técnicas matemáticas para realizar la extracción de características dentro de estos sistemas de identificación.

Landsat and water: case studies of the uses and benefits of landsat imagery in water resources

Science.gov (United States)

Serbina, Larisa O.; Miller, Holly M.

2014-01-01

The Landsat program has been collecting and archiving moderate resolution earth imagery since 1972. The number of Landsat users and uses has increased exponentially since the enactment of a free and open data policy in 2008, which made data available free of charge to all users. Benefits from the information Landsat data provides vary from improving environmental quality to protecting public health and safety and informing decision makers such as consumers and producers, government officials and the public at large. Although some studies have been conducted, little is known about the total benefit provided by open access Landsat imagery. This report contains a set of case studies focused on the uses and benefits of Landsat imagery. The purpose of these is to shed more light on the benefits accrued from Landsat imagery and to gain a better understanding of the program’s value. The case studies tell a story of how Landsat imagery is used and what its value is to different private and public entities. Most of the case studies focus on the use of Landsat in water resource management, although some other content areas are included.

La publicidad en la creación y fortalecimiento de la Imagen Corporativa y de la reputación. Análisis de la Imagen de Marca de Red Bull

OpenAIRE

Alvarez González, Edgar

2013-01-01

Proyecto Fin de Grado leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en el curso académico 2013/2014. Director: Maximiliano Fernández Fernández Estudio teórico sobre la Imagen y Comunicación Corporativa. Observación de las estrategias de marketing y comunicativas para la creación de la Imagen Corporativa y estudio de su impacto en el público. Análisis de la estrategia marketing de Red Bull e investigación sobre su Imagen de Marca Ciencias de la Comunicación I

Imagens para não deixar de ver o gesto inumano

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Guilherme Foscolo de Moura Gomes

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Seguindo a pegada deixada por Didi-Huberman e colocando em destaque a questão política da produção e reprodução das imagens, este ensaio pretende pensar as disputas tecnopolíticas por recurso a imagens. Nesse sentido, duas imagens específicas emergem no contexto das experiências transversais de formação acadêmica nas universidades brasileiras, imagens que contam com a presença de mestres e mestras de tradições orais como sujeitos capazes de legitimar modos outros de produção de saber e de fazer estético-políticas. A partir daí, coloca-se em movimento uma discussão que compreende a materialidade dos aparatos tecnológicos (via Nietzsche, Marx e Kittler, a teoria geral dos gestos em Flusser, o conceito de dispositivo para Agamben e as relações entre estética e política, segundo Benjamin e Rancière. Se parece evidente, de partida, que não se passa — — que não passaremos jamais — pelas tecnologias impunemente, o que (nos resta como possibilidade de resistência e de potência de vida para o combate frente ao avanço aniquilador da falsa política? Pouco, talvez nada, talvez um quase nada, apenas, talvez, e ainda, imagens.

Continuous Calibration Improvement in Solar Reflective Bands: Landsat 5 Through Landsat 8

Science.gov (United States)

Mishra, Nischal; Helder, Dennis; Barsi, Julia; Markham, Brian

2016-01-01

Launched in February 2013, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on-board Landsat 8 continues to perform exceedingly well and provides high science quality data globally. Several design enhancements have been made in the OLI instrument relative to prior Landsat instruments: pushbroom imaging which provides substantially improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), spectral bandpasses refinement to avoid atmospheric absorption features, 12 bit data resolution to provide a larger dynamic range that limits the saturation level, a set of well-designed onboard calibrators to monitor the stability of the sensor. Some of these changes such as refinements in spectral bandpasses compared to earlier Landsats and well-designed on-board calibrator have a direct impact on the improved radiometric calibration performance of the instrument from both the stability of the response and the ability to track the changes. The on-board calibrator lamps and diffusers indicate that the instrument drift is generally less than 0.1% per year across the bands. The refined bandpasses of the OLI indicate that temporal uncertainty of better than 0.5% is possible when the instrument is trended over vicarious targets such as Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS), a level of precision that was never achieved with the earlier Landsat instruments. The stability measurements indicated by on-board calibrators and PICS agree much better compared to the earlier Landsats, which is very encouraging and bodes well for the future Landsat missions too.

Landsat Science Team meeting: Winter 2015

Science.gov (United States)

Schroeder, Todd A.; Loveland, Thomas; Wulder, Michael A.; Irons, James R.

2015-01-01

The summer meeting of the joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)–NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) was held at the USGS’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center July 7-9, 2015, in Sioux Falls, SD. The LST co-chairs, Tom Loveland [EROS—Senior Scientist] and Jim Irons [NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)—Landsat 8 Project Scientist], opened the three-day meeting on an upbeat note following the recent successful launch of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 mission on June 23, 2015 (see image on page 14), and the news that work on Landsat 9 has begun, with a projected launch date of 2023.With over 60 participants in attendance, this was the largest LST meeting ever held. Meeting topics on the first day included Sustainable Land Imaging and Landsat 9 development, Landsat 7 and 8 operations and data archiving, the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) stray-light issue, and the successful Sentinel-2 launch. In addition, on days two and three the LST members presented updates on their Landsat science and applications research. All presentations are available at landsat.usgs.gov/science_LST_Team_ Meetings.php.

Más de un siglo de imagen médica

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Desco, Manuel

2004-02-01

Full Text Available De acuerdo con varias encuestas, los médicos consideran que la imagen médica ha sido y es, con mucha diferencia, el avance técnico que mayor impacto ha tenido en su práctica clínica. El hombre es un animal esencialmente visual. Gran parte de nuestro cerebro está dedicado al procesamiento de la información visual; muchas estrategias mnemotécnicas y de aprendizaje rápido tratan de obtener ventaja de este hecho. Por esta razón, la información diagnóstica que proporcionan los sistemas de imagen es enormemente apreciada por el médico, hasta el punto de que, hoy en día, resulta difícil encontrar situaciones clínicas en las que no se haya hecho uso de una o más técnicas de imagen.…

Continuity of Landsat observations: Short term considerations

Science.gov (United States)

Wulder, Michael A.; White, Joanne C.; Masek, Jeffery G.; Dwyer, John L.; Roy, David P.

2011-01-01

As of writing in mid-2010, both Landsat-5 and -7 continue to function, with sufficient fuel to enable data collection until the launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) scheduled for December of 2012. Failure of one or both of Landsat-5 or -7 may result in a lack of Landsat data for a period of time until the 2012 launch. Although the potential risk of a component failure increases the longer the sensor's design life is exceeded, the possible gap in Landsat data acquisition is reduced with each passing day and the risk of Landsat imagery being unavailable diminishes for all except a handful of applications that are particularly data demanding. Advances in Landsat data compositing and fusion are providing opportunities to address issues associated with Landsat-7 SLC-off imagery and to mitigate a potential acquisition gap through the integration of imagery from different sensors. The latter will likely also provide short-term, regional solutions to application-specific needs for the continuity of Landsat-like observations. Our goal in this communication is not to minimize the community's concerns regarding a gap in Landsat observations, but rather to clarify how the current situation has evolved and provide an up-to-date understanding of the circumstances, implications, and mitigation options related to a potential gap in the Landsat data record.

TÉCNICAS DE INTERPRETAÇÃO VISUAL DE IMAGENS

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Andrea de Castro Panizza

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Hoje, as imagens de satélite e fotografias aéreas fazem parte do cotidiano. Elas estão em todas as mídias. Isso vem favorecendo o treinamento do leitor a ver a paisagem de uma maneira diferente, do alto e, assim, aumentar seu campo de visão. A observação das paisagens realiza-se de diferentes formas e cada uma favorece a identificação e a interpretação de objetos ou fenômenos. As técnicas de interpretação visual de imagens são amplamente utilizadas nos estudos sobre as paisagens. Elas exigem, porém, treinamento do usuário. Este artigo apresenta um roteiro metodológico que contém critérios bem definidos e adaptados para a interpretação visual tanto de fotografias aéreas quanto de imagens de satélite e uma proposta de exercício didático aplicada ao ensino da Geografia.

Landsat eyes help guard the world's forests

Science.gov (United States)

Campbell, Jon

2017-03-03

SummaryThe Landsat program is a joint effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), but the partner agencies have distinct roles. NASA develops remote-sensing instruments and spacecraft, launches satellites, and validates their performance in orbit. The USGS owns and operates Landsat satellites in space and manages their data transmissions, including ground reception, archiving, product generation, and public distribution. In 2008, with support from the U.S. Department of the Interior, the USGS made its Landsat data free to anyone in the world.The current satellites in the Landsat program, Landsat 7 (launched in 1999) and Landsat 8 (launched in 2013), provide complete coverage of the Earth every eight days. A Landsat 9 satellite is scheduled for launch in late 2020.

¿Imagen didáctica o uso didáctico de la image?

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María Paz PRENDES ESPINOSA

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Este artículo se centra en el análisis del proceso de comunicación mediado que utiliza como recurso la imagen fija de tipo gráfico, es decir, la imagen impresa. Partiendo de tal análisis se plantea el uso de la imagen en el ámbito educativo centrándose la discusión en torno al concepto de "imagen didáctica". Afirmamos que cualquier imagen puede ser utilizada con fines educativos, pero determinadas imágenes han sido preconcebidas de forma especial para ello. Respecto a este punto introducimos la distinción entre la imagen didáctica "per se" y la imagen didáctica "per accident".ABSTRACT: In this article we do a conceptual review about communication process when iconic sign is the mediator instrument. Iconic sign has signification and significance, denotation and connotation, an idea that drives us to question about interpretation problem when images are information transmission instruments. This problem is more relevant if we talk about didactic communication, so we must talk about efficacy of graphic communication too. Finally, we inquire the idea of "didactic images" or perhaps if it is better to conceive the "didactic use of the images.RESUME: Cet article fait a revisión conceptuel sur le procés de communication si nous utilisons les signes iconiques comme mediateurs. Le signe iconique a son significaron et son significant, denotation et connotation, et ce pour ca que nous devons poser la question de l'interpretation des images s'ils sont instruments de transmission d'information. Ce problem est plus remarquable si les images sont partie du procés de comunication didactique, puisque cet idee nour porte a la question de l'efficacité de la communication graphique. Finalment nous nous demandons sur la pertinance de la conception "d'image didactique" ou si c'est plus convenable "l'utilisation didactique des images"

Imagens semoventes, imagens co-moventes: interfaces visuais no webjornalismo

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Dulcilia H. Schroeder Buitoni

2010-02-01

Full Text Available As imagens presentes no webjornalismo utilizam recursos de hipermídia? Este artigo parte da constatação de que as tecnologias digitais ainda são pouco exploradas. A observação de jornais e sites jornalísticos – auxiliada pela reflexão sobre conceitos de hipertexto, hipermídia e imagem complexa – leva à escolha de algumas produções audiovisuais exemplares. Foram selecionados três especiais da seção "Multimedia" do argentino Clarin.com, que trazem caminhos inovadores, principalmente quanto ao tratamento da imagem de matriz fotográfica. Além da ampliação das potencialidades visuais, a imagem funciona como interface e conexão.

Landsat and agriculture—Case studies on the uses and benefits of Landsat imagery in agricultural monitoring and production

Science.gov (United States)

Leslie, Colin R.; Serbina, Larisa O.; Miller, Holly M.

2017-03-29

Executive SummaryThe use of Landsat satellite imagery for global agricultural monitoring began almost immediately after the launch of Landsat 1 in 1972, making agricultural monitoring one of the longest-standing operational applications for the Landsat program. More recently, Landsat imagery has been used in domestic agricultural applications as an input for field-level production management. The enactment of the U.S. Geological Survey’s free and open data policy in 2008 and the launch of Landsat 8 in 2013 have both influenced agricultural applications. This report presents two primary sets of case studies on the applications and benefits of Landsat imagery use in agriculture. The first set examines several operational applications within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the second focuses on private sector applications for agronomic management.  Information on the USDA applications is provided in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Uses of Landsat Imagery for Global and Domestic Agricultural Monitoring section of the report in the following subsections:Estimating Crop Production.—Provides an overview of how Landsat satellite imagery is used to estimate crop production, including the spectral bands most frequently utilized in this application.Monitoring Consumptive Water Use.—Highlights the role of Landsat imagery in monitoring consumptive water use for agricultural production. Globally, a significant amount of agricultural production relies on irrigation, so monitoring water resources is a critical component of agricultural monitoring. National Agricultural Statistics Service—Cropland Data Layer.—Highlights the use of Landsat imagery in developing the annual Cropland Data Layer, a crop-specific land cover classification product that provides information on more than 100 crop categories grown in the United States. Foreign Agricultural Service—Global Agricultural Monitoring.—Highlights Landsat’s role in monitoring global agricultural

Landsat-8 Sensor Characterization and Calibration

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Brian Markham

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Landsat-8 was launched on 11 February 2013 with two new Earth Imaging sensors to provide a continued data record with the previous Landsats. For Landsat-8, pushbroom technology was adopted, and the reflective bands and thermal bands were split into two instruments. The Operational Land Imager (OLI is the reflective band sensor and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS, the thermal. In addition to these fundamental changes, bands were added, spectral bandpasses were refined, dynamic range and data quantization were improved, and numerous other enhancements were implemented. As in previous Landsat missions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA and United States Geological Survey (USGS cooperated in the development, launch and operation of the Landsat-8 mission. One key aspect of this cooperation was in the characterization and calibration of the instruments and their data. This Special Issue documents the efforts of the joint USGS and NASA calibration team and affiliates to characterize the new sensors and their data for the benefit of the scientific and application users of the Landsat archive. A key scientific use of Landsat data is to assess changes in the land-use and land cover of the Earth’s surface over the now 43-year record. [...

Radiometric characterization of Landsat Collection 1 products

Science.gov (United States)

Micijevic, Esad; Haque, Md. Obaidul; Mishra, Nischal

2017-09-01

Landsat data in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) archive are being reprocessed to generate a tiered collection of consistently geolocated and radiometrically calibrated products that are suitable for time series analyses. With the implementation of the collection management, no major updates will be made to calibration of the Landsat sensors within a collection. Only calibration parameters needed to maintain the established calibration trends without an effect on derived environmental records will be regularly updated, while all other changes will be deferred to a new collection. This first collection, Collection 1, incorporates various radiometric calibration updates to all Landsat sensors including absolute and relative gains for Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), stray light correction for Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), absolute gains for Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mappers (TM), recalibration of Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanners (MSS) to ensure radiometric consistency among different formats of archived MSS data, and a transfer of Landsat 8 OLI reflectance based calibration to all previous Landsat sensors. While all OLI/TIRS, ETM+ and majority of TM data have already been reprocessed to Collection 1, a completion of MSS and remaining TM data reprocessing is expected by the end of this year. It is important to note that, although still available for download from the USGS web pages, the products generated using the Pre-Collection processing do not benefit from the latest radiometric calibration updates. In this paper, we are assessing radiometry of solar reflective bands in Landsat Collection 1 products through analysis of trends in on-board calibrator and pseudo invariant site (PICS) responses.

O \\"reino das plantas\\" nos livros didáticos de ciências: análise das imagens

OpenAIRE

Rená Manoel de Souza e Silva

2017-01-01

As imagens sempre desempenharam papel fundamental na compreensão do conhecimento científico e, portanto, também nos livros didáticos de ciências. Porém, pesquisas têm mostrado que as imagens não são transparentes; por isso, defendemos a fundamental compreensão dos professores em relação ao uso das imagens no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e na orientação da leitura e no uso desse recurso como suporte das atividades pedagógicas. Esta pesquisa analisou as imagens presentes nos livros didático...

Generating Daily Synthetic Landsat Imagery by Combining Landsat and MODIS Data.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Mingquan; Huang, Wenjiang; Niu, Zheng; Wang, Changyao

2015-09-18

Owing to low temporal resolution and cloud interference, there is a shortage of high spatial resolution remote sensing data. To address this problem, this study introduces a modified spatial and temporal data fusion approach (MSTDFA) to generate daily synthetic Landsat imagery. This algorithm was designed to avoid the limitations of the conditional spatial temporal data fusion approach (STDFA) including the constant window for disaggregation and the sensor difference. An adaptive window size selection method is proposed in this study to select the best window size and moving steps for the disaggregation of coarse pixels. The linear regression method is used to remove the influence of differences in sensor systems using disaggregated mean coarse reflectance by testing and validation in two study areas located in Xinjiang Province, China. The results show that the MSTDFA algorithm can generate daily synthetic Landsat imagery with a high correlation coefficient (R) ranged from 0.646 to 0.986 between synthetic images and the actual observations. We further show that MSTDFA can be applied to 250 m 16-day MODIS MOD13Q1 products and the Landsat Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) data by generating a synthetic NDVI image highly similar to actual Landsat NDVI observation with a high R of 0.97.

Tecnologías emergentes para la captura y visualización de imagen 3D

OpenAIRE

Salvador Balaguer, Eva

2017-01-01

En el mundo en el que vivimos se reconocen tres dimensiones espaciales. Sin embargo, los sensores más extendidos son bidimensionales y la tecnología 3D presenta numerosas limitaciones que impiden un uso más extendido. En la presente tesis se hace un recorrido por parte de la tecnología 3D disponible estudiando ventajas, limitaciones y aplicaciones. De las diferentes alternativas de imagen 3D, se exploran los dispositivos autoestereoscópicos multivista, la imagen integral, la imagen con inform...

La imagen pública. Un valor de comunicación

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Francisco Echeverría Remón

2012-04-01

Full Text Available La imagen pública de una empresa está formada por las múltiples imágenes que proyectan las diferentes partes que la componen, ya sean divisiones o áreas (financieras, producción, comunicación... o personas que, de forma individual o colectiva, emiten de su empresa. Esta imagen estará formada, a su vez, por las múltiples imágenes públicas de los stakeholders y de cada uno de sus entornos o “territorio” que interiorice de la misma, conformando, la suma de todas ellas, la verdadera imagen pública de la compañía. Este proceso de comunicación es de enorme complejidad, interviniendo, entre otros factores, la marca y la identidad corporativa (como representación simbólica de ésta y es, a través de la marca, donde, mediante un diálogo entre todas las partes, se debe crear un vínculo emocional con el público, cliente o no, y con la sociedad. Estos procesos complejos, requerirán la asignación, por parte de la compañía, de recursos humanos y financieros específicos, reunidos alrededor del líder de la marca y con la intervención de diferentes expertos y consultores de imagen y marca, que aportan una visión más amplia a la organización y unos recursos especializados y en permanente actualización.

Evaluación de la imagen organizacional universitaria en una institución de educación superior

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Juana Patlán Pérez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La imagen organizacional es importante para muchas instituciones de educación superior por encontrarse en un entorno ampliamente competitivo que demanda servicios educativos de calidad. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la imagen organizacional universitaria en una institución de educación superior. Para este propósito se realizó una investigación de acuerdo con las siguieron etapas: adaptación de la escala de imagen organizacional a población mexicana; integración de escala en formato de diferencial semántico; aplicación de la escala a una muestra de 226 profesores y 541 estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; determinación de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala (validez de constructo y confiabilidad; estadísticas descriptivas de la imagen organizacional y análisis comparativo de la imagen organizacional por escuela. Los resultados indican que la escala de imagen organizacional adaptada a población mexicana tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para evaluar este constructo. Además, se identificaron diferencias significativas de la imagen de la organización en cada instituto de la IES evaluada.

Generalidades de la imagen corporal y sus implicaciones en el deporte

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Diego Fabricio Rodríguez Camacho

2015-04-01

Conclusiones. La imagen corporal es dinámica, se construye y modifica a lo largo de la vida a partir de estímulos sensoriales en términos de cuerpo y espacio, así como de estímulos socioculturales involucrados en la autoestima y el rendimiento deportivo. El desarrollo de programas de actividad físico-deportiva genera un impacto positivo sobre la imagen corporal en todas las edades, siempre y cuando se tengan presentes parámetros específicos de entrenamiento.

Imagen y elementos no verbales en informaciones políticas televisivas

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María Reyes Domínguez Lázaro

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Destaca la importancia de la imagen, del lenguaje y otros elementos no verbales que intervienen en la comunicación. De este modo no basta con el dominio exhaustivo de las palabras orales, sino de todas aquellas no manifiestas pero si evocadoras en la mente de los telespectadores. La sociedad del siglo XXI es la sociedad de la imagen, y como tal, debe ser considerada y tenida en cuenta en cualquier proceso comunicativo y, mucho más cuando se trata de la televisión.

Landsat-D thematic mapper simulator

Science.gov (United States)

Flanagan, G. F.; Tilton, E. L., III

The design and testing program for the airborne Landsat-D thematic-mapper simulator (TMS) is summarized. The TMS is intended to provide data similar enough to those expected from Landsat-D to facilitate the development of data-processing software. The design process comprised mainly modifications on the existing MSS-simulator fiber optics, dichroics, and detectors to provide 7-channel coverage of the 0.45-12.3-micron range at 60-deg angle of view, corresponding to a 418-element, 13.8-km-wide ground swath. The TMS is carried on a Lear 23 aircraft operating at 750 km/h and 12-m altitude and equipped with a 15.2-cm aerial mapping camera and a ground-updated inertial navigational system. Agricultural, forestry, and geological trial applications are reviewed, and some sample results are given. The significant improvements predicted for the Landsat-D thematic mapper (relative to the Landsat MSS) are seen as confirmed, with the possible exception of the 120-m-resolution version of channel 7.

The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction

Science.gov (United States)

Wulder, Michael A.; White, Joanne C.; Loveland, Thomas; Woodcock, Curtis; Belward, Alan; Cohen, Warren B.; Fosnight, Eugene A.; Shaw, Jerad; Masek, Jeffery G.; Roy, David P.

2016-01-01

New and previously unimaginable Landsat applications have been fostered by a policy change in 2008 that made analysis-ready Landsat data free and open access. Since 1972, Landsat has been collecting images of the Earth, with the early years of the program constrained by onboard satellite and ground systems, as well as limitations across the range of required computing, networking, and storage capabilities. Rather than robust on-satellite storage for transmission via high bandwidth downlink to a centralized storage and distribution facility as with Landsat-8, a network of receiving stations, one operated by the U.S. government, the other operated by a community of International Cooperators (ICs), were utilized. ICs paid a fee for the right to receive and distribute Landsat data and over time, more Landsat data was held outside the archive of the United State Geological Survey (USGS) than was held inside, much of it unique. Recognizing the critical value of these data, the USGS began a Landsat Global Archive Consolidation (LGAC) initiative in 2010 to bring these data into a single, universally accessible, centralized global archive, housed at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The primary LGAC goals are to inventory the data held by ICs, acquire the data, and ingest and apply standard ground station processing to generate an L1T analysis-ready product. As of January 1, 2015 there were 5,532,454 images in the USGS archive. LGAC has contributed approximately 3.2 million of those images, more than doubling the original USGS archive holdings. Moreover, an additional 2.3 million images have been identified to date through the LGAC initiative and are in the process of being added to the archive. The impact of LGAC is significant and, in terms of images in the collection, analogous to that of having had twoadditional Landsat-5 missions. As a result of LGAC, there are regions of the globe that now have markedly improved

Das imagens do mundo ao mundo das imagens − as possibilidades da TV digital para a educação

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Simone de Lucena Ferreira

2010-04-01

Full Text Available O uso de imagens foi uma das primeirasformas da comunicação humana quecomeçou com as garatujas nas cavernasno período da pré-história. O desenvolvimentode tecnologias, como a máquinafotográfica, o cinema e a televisãopermitiu que as imagens pudessem serregistradas e apresentadas a um maiornúmero de pessoas. As tecnologias digitaisdesenvolvidas a partir na metadedo século XX, possibilitaram mudançasna forma de agir, pensar, se relacionare estudar dos indivíduos. A TV digital éuma dessas tecnologias que poderátrazer grandes transformações sociaisa depender das escolhas políticas eeconômicas feitas por cada país. Nesteartigo, abordamos sobre as possibilidadese potencialidades na TV digital naeducação considerando o uso das redescolaborativas como importantes para aimplantação do Canal de Educação naTV digital.

NASA 3D Models: Landsat 7

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Landsat Program is a series of Earth-observing satellite missions jointly managed by NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey. Since 1972, Landsat satellites have...

Landsat Data Continuity Mission

Science.gov (United States)

,

2012-01-01

The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is a partnership formed between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to place the next Landsat satellite in orbit in January 2013. The Landsat era that began in 1972 will become a nearly 41-year global land record with the successful launch and operation of the LDCM. The LDCM will continue the acquisition, archiving, and distribution of multispectral imagery affording global, synoptic, and repetitive coverage of the Earth's land surfaces at a scale where natural and human-induced changes can be detected, differentiated, characterized, and monitored over time. The mission objectives of the LDCM are to (1) collect and archive medium resolution (30-meter spatial resolution) multispectral image data affording seasonal coverage of the global landmasses for a period of no less than 5 years; (2) ensure that LDCM data are sufficiently consistent with data from the earlier Landsat missions in terms of acquisition geometry, calibration, coverage characteristics, spectral characteristics, output product quality, and data availability to permit studies of landcover and land-use change over time; and (3) distribute LDCM data products to the general public on a nondiscriminatory basis at no cost to the user.

Tratamiento de la imagen corporal en los trastornos alimentarios y cambio clínicamente significativo

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José H. Marco

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Las alteraciones de la imagen corporal son un factor mantenedor y de pronóstico en los trastornos alimentarios. Los tratamientos actuales para los trastornos alimentarios se podrían beneficiar de la intervención directa sobre la imagen corporal. En el siguiente trabajo se realiza un estudio controlado en el que se comprara la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual para los trastornos alimentarios con y sin un componente para el tratamiento de la imagen corporal apoyado con técnicas de realidad virtual. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar si ambos tipos de tratamiento producen un cambio clínicamente significativo al finalizar el tratamiento y en el seguimiento al año en la imagen corporal, en la psicopatología especifica de los trastornos alimentarios y en la psicopatología general. Para ello evaluamos y tratamos a 34 participantes diagnosticadas de trastorno alimentario y comparamos sus resultados con un grupo de mujeres de población general con baja vulnerabilidad a los trastornos alimentarios. Los resultados indican que después del tratamiento se ha producido un cambio fiable y clínicamente significativo únicamente en la condición en la que se ha intervenido en la imagen corporal. Las implicaciones de este resultado y sus limitaciones son comentadas.

Teatro imagen: expresión corporal y dramatización

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Tomás MOTOS TERUEL

2010-11-01

Full Text Available En este texto presentamos el Teatro Imagen de Augusto Boal. Se trata de una herramienta de intervención dramática basada en el lenguaje del cuerpo que mediante iconografías realizadas a través de las posturas adoptadas por los participantes trata de analizar un estado concreto de conflicto personal o colectivo provocado por una situación real de opresión, miedo o exclusión, con la finalidad de buscar colectivamente alternativas reales de solución para llevarlas a la práctica. Las imágenes elaboradas posteriormente son dinamizadas mediante diferentes procedimientos para así crear escenas dramáticas. Además, el Teatro Imagen también se puede utilizar en el ámbito educativo como un procedimiento para la dinamización de textos y animación a la lectura e incluso como alternativa creativa e intuitiva para la evaluación. El Teatro Imagen, modalidad transversal e integradora de intervención educativa centrada en la dramatización y en la expresión corporal, es un espacio complejo donde confluyen la estética, la ciudadanía, la ética y la psicoterapia.

Ferramentas para visualização de imagens médicas em hospital universitário

OpenAIRE

Caritá,Edilson Carlos; Matos,André Luiz Mendes; Azevedo-Marques,Paulo Mazzoncini de

2004-01-01

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a implementação de "toolkits" para visualização de imagens médicas no padrão DICOM e fazer uma revisão dos fundamentos e características deste padrão. É apresentado o VDTApplication para visualização das imagens locais e remotas, e o VDTApplet, que possibilita a visualização das imagens utilizando um navegador. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os "toolkits" foram implementados utilizando a linguagem de programação Java. Para seu desenvolvimento foram consideradas as variações do padr...

Analisis de estereotipos e imagen femenina en la publicidad del desodorante Axe

OpenAIRE

Mera Taimal, Jefferson Arturo

2012-01-01

El análisis del discurso de la imagen femenina en las campañas publicitarias comprende un campo de estudio para la comunicación amplio e interesante, en el cual se trata de dilucidar el uso de la imagen y de estereotipos femeninos presentes y su uso como herramientas de comunicación para persuadir al consumidor. Los estereotipos como imaginarios son construcciones sociales que están presentes en toda sociedad y forman parte de la concepción que tienen los individuos de su entor...

Imagen, artista y enfermedad en la creación plástica

OpenAIRE

Sánchez García, Nieves

2013-01-01

NOTA 520 8 La Tesis Doctoral, titulada “Imagen, artista y enfermedad en la creación plástica“, tiene como objetivo investigar y establecer la relación entre el arte, - como proceso creativo- y la enfermedad, entendida esta como un factor importante e, incluso, decisivo en la propia configuración de la imagen y de la personalidad del artista. Como punto de partida, se procede a analizar diacrónicamente y con profundidad el concepto de “la leyenda del artista” y la consideración social de la...

Superfícies de resposta espectro-temporal de imagens do sensor MODIS para classificação de área de soja no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Spectral-temporal response surface of MODIS sensor images for soybean area classification in Rio Grande do Sul State

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Conrado de Moraes Rudorff

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial e as limitações das imagens MODIS para classificação e estimativa de área de soja por meio do método de superfície de resposta espectro-temporal (Spectral-Temporal Response Surface - STRS. Um mapa temático das áreas com soja, oriundo da classificação de imagens Landsat do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foi utilizado como referência para auxiliar na orientação da amostragem dos pixels de treinamento e para a comparação dos resultados. Seis imagens compostas do sensor MODIS foram utilizadas para a classificação supervisionada da área de soja por meio do algoritmo de máxima verossimilhança (MAXVER adaptado ao método STRS. Os resultados foram avaliados pelo coeficiente Kappa para a totalidade da área em estudo e também para uma região de latifúndios e outra de minifúndios. O método STRS subestimou em 6,6% a área de soja para toda a região estudada, sendo que a estatística Kappa foi de 0,503. Para as regiões de latifúndios e minifúndios, a área de soja foi superestimada em 8% (Kappa=0,424 e subestimada em 43,4% (Kappa=0,358, respectivamente. As imagens MODIS, por meio do método STRS, demonstraram ter potencial para classificar a área de soja, principalmente em regiões de latifúndios. Em regiões de minifúndios, a correta identificação e classificação das áreas de soja mostrou-se pouco eficiente em razão da baixa resolução espacial das imagens MODIS.This paper was aimed at evaluating the potential and the limitations of MODIS images for soybean classification and area estimation through a Spectral-Temporal Response Surface (STRS method. A soybean thematic map from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, derived from Landsat images was used as reference data to assist both sample training and results comparison. Six 16-day composite MODIS images were classified through a supervised maximum likelihood algorithm (MAXVER adapted to the STRS method. The results were

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: una estrategia para conseguir imagen y reputación

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María Luisa García Guardia

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo surge a partir del interés que nos ha suscitado el desarrollo de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC, en las empresas, como una estrategia para la consecución de una imagen positiva y estable. En el desarrollo de mencionado análisis, nos hemos centrado en la multinacional Coca-Cola, ya que esta empresa se ha constituido como referente internacional en términos de imagen corporativa.

La Imagen Corporativa: Creación de ventajas competitivas a través de estrategias sociales

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María Isabel Corvera Valenzuela

2016-02-01

Full Text Available El trabajo muestra la importancia de la imagen corporativa como elemento de la comunicación de la empresa hacia el mercado y la sociedad. Se destacan diferentes estrategias que las empresas emplean para proyectar su imagen hacia el exterior de la misma.

Effects of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric and geometric calibrations and corrections on landscape characterization

Science.gov (United States)

Vogelmann, James E.; Helder, Dennis; Morfitt, Ron; Choate, Michael J.; Merchant, James W.; Bulley, Henry

2001-01-01

The Thematic Mapper (TM) instruments onboard Landsats 4 and 5 provide high-quality imagery appropriate for many different applications, including land cover mapping, landscape ecology, and change detection. Precise calibration was considered to be critical to the success of the Landsat 7 mission and, thus, issues of calibration were given high priority during the development of the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Data sets from the Landsat 5 TM are not routinely corrected for a number of radiometric and geometric artifacts, including memory effect, gain/bias, and interfocal plane misalignment. In the current investigation, the effects of correcting vs. not correcting these factors were investigated for several applications. Gain/bias calibrations were found to have a greater impact on most applications than did memory effect calibrations. Correcting interfocal plane offsets was found to have a moderate effect on applications. On June 2, 1999, Landsats 5 and 7 data were acquired nearly simultaneously over a study site in the Niobrara, NE area. Field radiometer data acquired at that site were used to facilitate crosscalibrations of Landsats 5 and 7 data. Current findings and results from previous investigations indicate that the internal calibrator of Landsat 5 TM tracked instrument gain well until 1988. After this, the internal calibrator diverged from the data derived from vicarious calibrations. Results from this study also indicate very good agreement between prelaunch measurements and vicarious calibration data for all Landsat 7 reflective bands except Band 4. Values are within about 3.5% of each other, except for Band 4, which differs by 10%. Coefficient of variation (CV) values derived from selected targets in the imagery were also analyzed. The Niobrara Landsat 7 imagery was found to have lower CV values than Landsat 5 data, implying that lower levels of noise characterize Landsat 7 data than current Landsat 5 data. It was also found that following

Coleta de dados a partir de imagens: considerações sobre a privacidade dos usuários em redes sociais

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Fabrício Silva Assumpção

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Considerando a privacidade dos dados dos usuários nas redes sociais, o papel das imagens nas redes sociais e as imagens como fontes de dados, objetiva-se identificar como a coleta de dados a partir de imagens é tratada no Facebook e no Instagram. Para isso, são identificados os principais métodos utilizados para a coleta de dados a partir de imagens no Facebook e no Instagram, as menções à coleta de dados a partir das imagens nas políticas dessas redes sociais, e as opções dos usuários para a configuração desta coleta. Conclui-se que as políticas dessas redes sociais se mostram vagas em diversos momentos no que diz respeito à coleta de dados a partir de imagens, sem especificar quais dados são coletados e listando itens apenas com caráter exemplificativo. Essas conclusões ressaltam a necessidade de conscientização dos usuários de redes sociais acerca de sua privacidade durante a coleta de dados.

La formación de la imagen turística inducida: un modelo conceptual

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Raquel Camprubí

2009-01-01

más influyentes para la competitividad de los destinos turísticos, el principal objetivo de este artículo es construir un marco conceptual que muestre la influencia de la red relacional del destino en su imagen emitida. En este contexto, se asume que la imagen turística es una construcción social resultante de la interacción de los distintos agentes que intervienen en el destino turístico (administraciones públicas, instituciones locales, empresas turísticas, etc.; y se propone un modelo teórico para mostrar los efectos de la red relacional del destino turístico en la calidad de la imagen turística creada en términos de conocimiento generado y, por tanto, en su competitividad.

La imagen al servicio de la literatura

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Aleix Cort

2015-07-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2015v11n1p173 El artículo mostrará el largo viaje realizado hasta el momento por la palabra y la imagen a través de los siglos para incidir en la importancia de conocer la historia como forma de avanzar hacia el futuro.

Landsat Science Team: 2017 Winter Meeting Summary

Science.gov (United States)

Schroeder, Todd A.; Loveland, Thomas; Wulder, Michael A.; Irons, James R.

2017-01-01

The summer meeting of the joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) was held July 26-28, 2016, at South Dakota State University (SDSU) in Brookings, SD. LST co-chair Tom Loveland [USGS’s Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS)] and Kevin Kephart [SDSU] welcomed more than 80 participants to the three-day meeting. That attendance at such meetings continues to increase—likely due to the development of new data products and sensor systems—further highlights the growing interest in the Landsat program. The main objectives of this meeting were to provide a status update on Landsat 7 and 8, review team member research activities, and to begin identifying priorities for future Landsat missions.

Multispectral Landsat images of Antartica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lucchitta, B.K.; Bowell, J.A.; Edwards, K.L.; Eliason, E.M.; Fergurson, H.M.

1988-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey has a program to map Antarctica by using colored, digitally enhanced Landsat multispectral scanner images to increase existing map coverage and to improve upon previously published Landsat maps. This report is a compilation of images and image mosaic that covers four complete and two partial 1:250,000-scale quadrangles of the McMurdo Sound region.

The impact of landsat satellite monitoring on conservation biology.

Science.gov (United States)

Leimgruber, Peter; Christen, Catherine A; Laborderie, Alison

2005-07-01

Landsat 7's recent malfunctioning will result in significant gaps in long-term satellite monitoring of Earth, affecting not only the research of the Earth science community but also conservation users of these data. To determine whether or how important Landsat monitoring is for conservation and natural resource management, we reviewed the Landsat program's history with special emphasis on the development of user groups. We also conducted a bibliographic search to determine the extent to which conservation research has been based on Landsat data. Conservation biologists were not an early user group of Landsat data because a) biologists lacked technical capacity--computers and software--to analyze these data; b) Landsat's 1980s commercialization rendered images too costly for biologists' budgets; and c) the broad-scale disciplines of conservation biology and landscape ecology did not develop until the mid-to-late 1980s. All these conditions had changed by the 1990s and Landsat imagery became an important tool for conservation biology. Satellite monitoring and Landsat continuity are mandated by the Land Remote Sensing Act of 1992. This legislation leaves open commercial options. However, past experiments with commercial operations were neither viable nor economical, and severely reduced the quality of monitoring, archiving and data access for academia and the public. Future satellite monitoring programs are essential for conservation and natural resource management, must provide continuity with Landsat, and should be government operated.

RANCIÈRE: A POLÍTICA DAS IMAGENS

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Pedro Hussak van Velthen Ramos

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo mostra os desdobramentos das reflexões deJacques Rancière em torno da relação entre política e estética nodomínio específico da imagem. Trata-se de mostrar em que sentidoas imagens se articulam politicamente em sua circulação social. Nasduas primeiras partes, expõe-se a crítica de Rancière a dois modosde se colocar a relação entre imagem e política: por um lado, a ideiade que a própria imagem seria nociva à política; por outro, aconsideração de que o elemento político da imagem estaria noconteúdo que ela apresenta. Por fim, pretende-se mostrar que, parao pensador francês, a politicidade das imagens deve ser encontradaem um regime determinado de articulações de seus elementos efunções que ele chama de “regime de imagéité”. Como conclusão,serão discutidas as consequências da passagem de um regime aoutro, a saber, do regime representativo ao regime estético.

Imagens e contra imagens da favela

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Mário Hélio Trindade de Lima

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo aborda as representações sociais da pobreza urbana no Brasil. O objeto de estudo é, por um lado, o conjunto de discursos e imagens sobre a favela na imprensa e, por outro lado, as auto-representações visuais de favelas e periferias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, na virada do século XXI. O objetivo é analisar o uso da categoria favela na formação do imaginário social da cidade e, ao mesmo tempo, investigar como se constrói o olhar periférico nas representações fotográficas dos moradores de favelas. O método empregado baseia-se nas contribuições de Pierre Bourdieu e de Roland Barthes para a análise do discurso e nas contribuições da antropologia visual e da história cultural para a análise da fotografia enquanto campo documental na etnografia. Os resultados revelam um movimento de constituição de novas subjetividades no cenário das grandes cidades dos anos 90, por meio da ação de ONG’s nas favelas, criando um espaço de reflexão sobre si e sobre o outro e de afirmação de novas identidades.

Imagens Intoleráveis: horror e morte nas embalagens de produtos de tabaco

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Ana Amélia Erthal

2014-07-01

Full Text Available O artigo pretende explorar o conjunto das advertências sanitárias em mensagens de texto e imagens, utilizadas nas embalagens de produtos de tabaco como determinação da Organização Mundial de Saúde, para controle da epidemia do consumo de cigarros em todo o mundo. O Brasil foi um dos quatro países a estampar em até 50% as embalagens com imagens tétricas alertando para as consequências advindas do hábito de fumar e, suas demais políticas de controle são tomadas como exemplo de boas práticas em outros países. O objetivo é questionar se as imagens comunicam seu propósito a despeito de sua dramaticidade. Para tanto serão usados os conceitos de “imagem intolerável”, de Jacques Rancière, e a credibilidade e verossimilhança em George Didi-Huberman e Philippe Dubois, respectivamente.

Uma abordagem evolutiva para recuperação de imagens da web

OpenAIRE

Katia Cristina Lage dos Santos

2009-01-01

Os avanços no armazenamento de dados e nas tecnologias para aquisição de imagens tornaram possível a criação de grandes bases ou coleções de imagens. Além disso, o enorme sucesso da Web tem proporcionado baixo custo e acessibilidade em larga escala deste material. Aliado a esses fatores, uma variedade de atividades lucrativas demandam transferência de informação baseada em imagem. Exemplos típicos são projetos arquitetônicos, desenhos de engenharia e de moda, perfumes, novos carros, campanhas...

Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultura do algodoeiro irrigado a partir de imagens de sensores orbitais Cotton evapotranspiration and crop coefficient obtained by satellite images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcus Vinícius Cândido Bezerra

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivos estimar a evapotranspiração - ETc e determinar a curva do coeficiente de cultura - Kc do algodoeiro irrigado através do Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land - SEBAL com imagens orbitais TM - Landsat 5. Foram utilizadas oito imagens distribuídas ao longo do ciclo fenológico do algodoeiro cultivado na Fazenda Busato localiza no município de Bom Jesus da Lapa, região do Médio São Francisco, Estado da Bahia (13°15'18''S, 43°25'05''W, 436 m. A classificação climática da região segundo Köppen é BSwh'. O saldo de radiação foi calculado a partir de imagens da temperatura, emissividade da superfície, índices de vegetação, albedo e calculados os fluxos de calor no solo e sensível para obter-se o fluxo de calor latente e a ETc. Verificou-se que o índice de vegetação NDVI apresentou evolução concomitante com o ciclo da cultura, com valores máximos (0,80 aos 70 dias após semeadura - DAS. A ETc e o Kc obtidos foram, respectivamente: 1,0 a 5,0 mm dia-1 e 0,65 no período de desenvolvimento (7 e 70 DAS; > 6 mm dia-1 e 1,18 durante a floração e formação dos capulhos e 2 mm dia-1 e 0,66 no fim do ciclo. Os resultados mostram que o NDVI é um bom indicador do desenvolvimento do algodoeiro e os dados de ETc e Kc estão coerentes com relatos na literatura.This research aimed determine cotton evapotranspiration - ETc and crop coefficient - Kc slope using the Surface Energy balance Algorithm for Land - SEBAL with TM-Landsat 5 images. We used eight images distributed throughout the cotton growth season on the Busato Farm located in Bom Jesus da Lapa, Médio São Francisco region, Bahia state (13°15'18" S, 43°25'05" W, 436 m. The Climate classification of region by Köppen is BSwh'. The net radiation was calculated from surface temperature, surface emissivity, vegetation index and albedo imagesn and calculated soil and sensible heats fluxes to obtain the latent heat flux and ETc. The NDVI

Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner V1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Abstract: The Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) was a sensor onboard Landsats 1 through 5 and acquired images of the Earth nearly continuously from July 1972 to...

Digitalizador 3D para imagens antropométricas do pé

OpenAIRE

Bez, Marta R.; Seligman, Luiza; Estivalet, Patricia S.; Silva, Magalí P.

2006-01-01

Este artigo apresenta um sistema de hardware e software para extrair medidas de pés da população brasileira. Sabe-se que os pés são diferentes, dependendo de diversos fatores como sexo, idade, raça, etc. Atualmente, pouco se tem levado em consideração estas diferenças no processo de construção do calçado brasileiro. A idéia é, colher uma imagem plantar do pé através de um scanner e ao mesmo tempo cinco imagens laterais através de uma câmera giratória. A partir destas imagens obter medidas ...

Landsat science team meeting: Summer 2015

Science.gov (United States)

Schroeder, Todd; Loveland, Thomas; Wulder, Michael A.; Irons, James R.

2015-01-01

The summer meeting of the joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)–NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) was held at the USGS’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center July 7-9, 2015, in Sioux Falls, SD. The LST co-chairs, Tom Loveland [EROS—Senior Scientist] and Jim Irons [NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)—Landsat 8 Project Scientist], opened the three-day meeting on an upbeat note following the recent successful launch of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 mission on June 23, 2015 (see image on page 14), and the news that work on Landsat 9 has begun, with a projected launch date of 2023.

Comunicación, imagen social y visibilidad de los Cuidados de Enfermería.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernández Salazar, Serafín

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, la imagen social del colectivo enfermero sigue estando encorsetada en demasiados estereotipos. Habitualmente, los medios de comunicación suelen hacerse eco de las grandes investigaciones, de los avances tecnológicos, de la robotización o de los nuevos hospitales, pero lo básico y lo sencillo no vende. Una adecuada y planificada comunicación de lo que hace las enfermeras podría aumentar la visibilidad de los cuidados.La realización de iniciativas colaborativas a través de Internet y Redes Sociales puede ayudarnos a mejorar la imagen social del colectivo enfermero, pero no es suficiente. La investigación, la orientación a resultados, la comunicación adecuada con los ciudadanos y la responsabilidad de cada uno de los profesionales son esenciales para mostrar una imagen más clara del cuidado enfermero.

Landsat 8 Data Modeled as DGGS Data Cubes

Science.gov (United States)

Sherlock, M. J.; Tripathi, G.; Samavati, F.

2016-12-01

In the context of tracking recent global changes in the Earth's landscape, Landsat 8 provides high-resolution multi-wavelength data with a temporal resolution of sixteen days. Such a live dataset can benefit novel applications in environmental monitoring. However, a temporal analysis of this dataset in its native format is a challenging task mostly due to the huge volume of geospatial images and imperfect overlay of different day Landsat 8 images. We propose the creation of data cubes derived from Landsat 8 data, through the use of a Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS). DGGS referencing of Landsat 8 data provides a cell-based representation of the pixel values for a fixed area on earth, indexed by keys. Having the calibrated cell-based Landsat 8 images can speed up temporal analysis and facilitate parallel processing using distributed systems. In our method, the Landsat 8 dataset hosted on Amazon Web Services (AWS) is downloaded using a web crawler and stored on a filesystem. We apply the cell-based DGGS referencing (using Pyxis SDK) to Landsat 8 images which provide a rhombus based tessellation of equal area cells for our use-case. After this step, the cell-images which overlay perfectly on different days, are stacked in the temporal dimension and stored into data cube units. The depth of the cube represents the number of temporal images of the same cell and can be updated when new images are received each day. Harnessing the regular spatio-temporal structure of data cubes, we want to compress, query, transmit and visualize big Landsat 8 data in an efficient way for temporal analysis.

Modelo para gestionar la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones a través de la rentabilidad, adaptabilidad e imagen

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Miguel Blázquez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una herramienta denominada hexágono de imagen que, junto con la herramienta de los hexágonos de utilidad-rentabilidad, desarrollada anteriormente, pretende servir de soporte a la gestión de la sustentabilidad, en pos de lograr un equilibrio dinámico entre ambos aspectos: rentabilidad e imagen. La metodología empleada comprende una síntesis del marco teórico de la investigación, consistente en una revisión bibliográfica y posterior propuesta sobre los conceptos e implicancias de imagen y rentabilidad como determinantes de la sustentabilidad organizacional. Como resultado se construyeron las bases lógicas y conceptuales del hexágono de imagen que se complementa con el anteriormente desarrollado hexágono de utilidad rentabilidad para operacionalizar en forma integrada la sustentabilidad organizacional.

Modelo para gestionar la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones a través de la rentabilidad, adaptabilidad e imagen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Blázquez

2012-10-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una herramienta denominada hexágono de imagen que, junto con la herramienta de los hexágonos de utilidad-rentabilidad, desarrollada anteriormente, pretende servir de soporte a la gestión de la sustentabilidad, en pos de lograr un equilibrio dinámico entre ambos aspectos: rentabilidad e imagen. La metodología empleada comprende una síntesis del marco teórico de la investigación, consistente en una revisión bibliográfica y posterior propuesta sobre los conceptos e implicancias de imagen y rentabilidad como determinantes de la sustentabilidad organizacional. Como resultado se construyeron las bases lógicas y conceptuales del hexágono de imagen que se complementa con el anteriormente desarrollado hexágono de utilidad rentabilidad para operacionalizar en forma integrada la sustentabilidad organizacional.

La imagen turística de Marruecos proporcionada por Internet: reinterpretando el orientalismo

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Enrique López Lara

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo sistematiza y analiza la imagen turística de Marruecos que transmite Internet. Se trazan los rasgos básicos de la formación de la imagen de cara a la oferta de productos turísticos de carácter cultural y urbano de Marruecos con la aparición de las nuevas redes de información y comunicaciones. El análisis muestra la recreación de un neo-orientalismo, en el sentido que se ofrece una «construcción» de Oriente como producto intelectual europeo, una imagen del «Otro» como frívola fantasía europea, relacionada con la fascinación y el deseo de «Otra» cultura (lejana-distante-diferenciada basada en manifestaciones empíricas o el conocimiento superficial, tangencial e interesado de la realidad (como producto de consumo de masas. Finaliza con la propuesta de buscar nuevas perspectivas para el desarrollo turístico de Marruecos, con la puesta en marcha de una oferta más diversificada.

La práctica corporal y la imagen corporal: reconstruyendo significados

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Angela Vaquero Barba

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta una experiencia, en el ámbito de la formación del profesorado, vinculada a la propia imagen corporal. Ha pretendido, tomando como eje la actividad corporal y motriz, tomar conciencia de cómo percibimos, sentimos y valoramos nuestro cuerpo; valorar la actividad motriz-corporal como herramienta para la construcción de nuevos significados; y capacitar al alumnado para reaprender la manera en que percibimos, sentimos y valoramos nuestro cuerpo. Los resultados apoyan la necesidad de capacitar al alumnado femenino para valorar su imagen corporal, la idoneidad de las prácticas corporales para impulsar procesos de reconstrucción y el interés de la escritura como herramienta que da forma a la reconstrucción.

Small forest cuttings mapped with Landsat digital data

Science.gov (United States)

Bryant, E.; Dodge, A. G.; Eger, M. J. E.

1979-01-01

The Cooperative Landsat Applications Research Group used computer classification of Landsat digital data to map forest cuttings (clearcuts) in northern New Hampshire. Cuttings as small as 3 hectares were identified. Several ages or conditions of clearcuts could be distinguished. Progress in two methods of duplicating classification categories from one Landsat pass to another are discussed. One method was used in making maps of areas in 1973, 1975, and 1978.

Lo que todos miran y nadie quiere ver: la imagen de la vida desnuda

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Mercedes Ruvituso

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza el tercer volumen de la serie “Homo sacer” de Giorgio Agamben, Quel che resta di Auschwitz. L’archivio e il testimone (1998, para mostrar que sus controvertidas tesis sobre la paradoja del testimonio de Auschwitz y la idea de que éste es “inimaginable” implican un concepto técnico de la imagen propio de su pensamiento. Para ello, muestra cómo la paradójica dialéctica de visibilidad e invisibilidad de la vida desnuda del musulmán que describe este libro, se basa en una crítica y reelaboración del concepto de imagen contenido en la categoría griega de prósopon, la iconografía de la Gorgona y la idea romana dignitas. El trabajo busca por último resituar estas tesis en el contexto más general del problema de la imagen en otras investigaciones de Agamben.

Relaciones entre imagen de marca corporativa, satisfaccion y lealtad: estudio en una escuela de negocios de la Argentina

OpenAIRE

Domingo Sanna

2010-01-01

El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar las relaciones entre imagen de marca corporativa (CBI), satisfacción y lealtad en el contexto de una Escuela de Negocios de la Argentina. Se proponen y validan tres hipótesis en este estudio: (1) la imagen de marca es un antecedente de la satisfacción del cliente, (2) la relación entre la imagen de marca y la lealtad es a través de la satisfacción y (3) la satisfacción del cliente es un antecedente significativo de la lealtad. Se emplea una escala...

Quality Assessment of Landsat Surface Reflectance Products Using MODIS Data

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Min; Huang, Chengquan; Channan, Saurabh; Vermote, Eric; Masek, Jeffrey G.; Townshend, John R.

2012-01-01

Surface reflectance adjusted for atmospheric effects is a primary input for land cover change detection and for developing many higher level surface geophysical parameters. With the development of automated atmospheric correction algorithms, it is now feasible to produce large quantities of surface reflectance products using Landsat images. Validation of these products requires in situ measurements, which either do not exist or are difficult to obtain for most Landsat images. The surface reflectance products derived using data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), however, have been validated more comprehensively. Because the MODIS on the Terra platform and the Landsat 7 are only half an hour apart following the same orbit, and each of the 6 Landsat spectral bands overlaps with a MODIS band, good agreements between MODIS and Landsat surface reflectance values can be considered indicators of the reliability of the Landsat products, while disagreements may suggest potential quality problems that need to be further investigated. Here we develop a system called Landsat-MODIS Consistency Checking System (LMCCS). This system automatically matches Landsat data with MODIS observations acquired on the same date over the same locations and uses them to calculate a set of agreement metrics. To maximize its portability, Java and open-source libraries were used in developing this system, and object-oriented programming (OOP) principles were followed to make it more flexible for future expansion. As a highly automated system designed to run as a stand-alone package or as a component of other Landsat data processing systems, this system can be used to assess the quality of essentially every Landsat surface reflectance image where spatially and temporally matching MODIS data are available. The effectiveness of this system was demonstrated using it to assess preliminary surface reflectance products derived using the Global Land Survey (GLS) Landsat

Imagen corporativa como elemento de posicionamiento estratégico en universidades públicas

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Wilmar Sierra Toncel

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene como propósito socializar los resultados de la investigación imagen corporativa como elemento de posicionamiento en universidades públicas caso Universidad del Zulia, República Bolivariana de Venezuela y Universidad de La Guajira –Colombia–, que tiene como objetivo analizar la imagen corporativa y el posicionamiento en universidades públicas. Los planteamientos teóricos se fundamentaron en Costa (2003, Van Riel (1997, Scheinson (1997, Nicholas (1996, Pizzolante (1994, Sánchez (2005, Kaplan & Norton (2001, David (1996, entre otros. El tipo de investigación fue de corte transversal, descriptiva y correlacional, con diseño no experimental y de campo. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó una encuesta estructurada aplicada a la muestra poblacional constituida por 99 docentes y directivos. Se establecieron las dimensiones percepción, identidad corporativa, gestión, bases, tipos y estrategias de posicionamiento. Se concluyó que existe estrecha relación entre imagen corporativa y posicionamiento, con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 1.0, considerada altamente positiva, lo que demuestra que la imagen corporativa es un elemento de posicionamiento de universidades públicas; sin embargo, se evidencian profundas debilidades en su gestión. Por lo tanto, se requiere aplicar buenas prácticas administrativas, mayor rigor científico y técnico en su diseño y considerarla como un activo importante dentro de la organización.

Incertidumbre, calidad de vida e imagen corporal en mujeres sometidas a mastectomía

OpenAIRE

Mejía Rojas, María Elena

2012-01-01

Estudio analítico, observacional, no experimental, correlacional, que analizó la relación entre incertidumbre, calidad de vida e imagen corporal con los instrumentos; (incertidumbre frente a la enfermedad Mishel 1988, calidad de vida en mujeres sobrevivientes al cáncer QOL Betty Ferrell 1995, y escala de imagen corporal de Hopwood 1983), en 76 mujeres sobrevivientes al cáncer de mama sometidas a mastectomía; con cirugía reconstructiva (37) y sin cirugía reconstructiva (39), de Cali Colombia e...

Cuestiones centrales de la actual Filosofía de la imagen

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Roberto Rubio

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Desde hace algunas décadas, se desarrolla en el ámbito germano-parlante un proyecto interdisciplinario enfocado en las imágenes. Se trata de la Bildwissenschaft o Ciencia de la imagen. Ella pretende integrar en un marco común el aporte de diversas disciplinas, tales como la historia del arte, la teoría del arte, la filosofía y la psicología, entre otras. El aporte de la filosofía al programa de la Bildwissenschaft ha dado lugar a la así denominada “filosofía de la imagen”. Ella es especialmente sensible a los intentos de renovación paradigmática que afectan de modo más o menos directo a la cuestión de la imagen, tales como el “giro performativo”, el “giro icónico” o el “giro medial”. A continuación, expondré dos cuestiones centrales en la filosofía de la imagen. Presentaré, en primer lugar, la pregunta por el estatuto exhibitorio de las imágenes, y en segundo lugar, la pregunta acerca de la condición medial de las imágenes. Luego de la exposición, ofreceré un análisis crítico de los debates correspondientes a tales cuestiones.

Landsat Science: 40 Years of Innovation and Opportunity

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, Bruce D.; Irons, James R.; Masek, Jeffrey G.; Loveland, Thomas R.

2012-01-01

Landsat satellites have provided unparalleled Earth-observing data for nearly 40 years, allowing scientists to describe, monitor and model the global environment during a period of time that has seen dramatic changes in population growth, land use, and climate. The success of the Landsat program can be attributed to well-designed instrument specifications, astute engineering, comprehensive global acquisition and calibration strategies, and innovative scientists who have developed analytical techniques and applications to address a wide range of needs at local to global scales (e.g., crop production, water resource management, human health and environmental quality, urbanization, deforestation and biodiversity). Early Landsat contributions included inventories of natural resources and land cover classification maps, which were initially prepared by a visual interpretation of Landsat imagery. Over time, advances in computer technology facilitated the development of sophisticated image processing algorithms and complex ecosystem modeling, enabling scientists to create accurate, reproducible, and more realistic simulations of biogeochemical processes (e.g., plant production and ecosystem dynamics). Today, the Landsat data archive is freely available for download through the USGS, creating new opportunities for scientists to generate global image datasets, develop new change detection algorithms, and provide products in support of operational programs such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD). In particular, the use of dense (approximately annual) time series to characterize both rapid and progressive landscape change has yielded new insights into how the land environment is responding to anthropogenic and natural pressures. The launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) satellite in 2012 will continue to propel innovative Landsat science.

Imagen exogrupal de adolescentes autóctonos e inmigrantes latinos: influencia del contacto intergrupal y la edad

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Sonsoles Calderón-López

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Se presentan dos estudios cuyo objetivo es conocer la imagen exogrupal de 471 adolescentes autóctonos y 333 inmigrantes de origen latinoamericano residentes en Madrid, y analizarla en función de su edad y del grado de contacto con miembros del exogrupo. Para evaluar la percepción grupal se elaboró un instrumento compuesto por descripciones proporcionadas por adolescentes de similares características en un estudio preliminar con grupos de discusión. El instrumento resultante presenta igual estructura y propiedades psicométricas adecuadas en ambos grupos de participantes y permite evaluar la imagen exogrupal total y sus componentes positivo y negativo. En consonancia con las investigaciones existentes, los adolescentes latinos tienen una imagen más positiva de los españoles que viceversa; además, presentan puntuaciones más altas tanto en imagen exogrupal positiva como negativa. Los adolescentes con mayor contacto exogrupal presentan mejor imagen exogrupal total y positiva, pero los efectos sobre la negativa difieren en función del estatus del grupo (mayoritario o minoritario. El análisis de diferencias en función de la edad no ofrece resultados concluyentes. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a mejorar el conocimiento del fenómeno de la percepción intergrupal en la adolescencia, etapa evolutiva en la que los estudios en nuestro país son aún escasos.

Factores determinantes del éxito para entender la imagen de un alojamiento turístico. Un estudio empírico en Islas Canarias

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Sergio Moreno-Gil

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La imagen de un alojamiento turístico es vital para garantizar su éxito y reputación en el mercado. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, se ha ignorado por completo el análisis sobre la imagen de cierta tipología de alojamientos turísticos, como es la oferta extra-hotelera (apartamentos, condominios, villas, bungalows, etc., pese a su importancia en muchos países de Latinoamérica o en España. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a entender mejor la imagen de los establecimientos extra-hoteleros, identificando sus dimensiones, y analizar la importancia de las mismas para explicar la imagen global de dichos establecimientos turísticos. Al mismo tiempo, también se pretende comprender mejor el proceso de formación de la imagen del cliente, estudiando para ello cómo influyen los factores personales del turista y los relativos al propio establecimiento en la formación de su imagen del alojamiento. El estudio concluye con las implicaciones prácticas y académicas al respecto.

Percepción y satisfacción de la imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios

OpenAIRE

Garrido García, Javier

2017-01-01

la imagen corporal es la representación mental que cada persona tiene de su cuerpo, el modo en el que cada uno percibe, siente, imagina y actúa respecto a su cuerpo. Gran cantidad de estudiantes universitarios presentan algún tipo de distorsión o insatisfacción en la percepción de ésta. Objetivos: evaluar la percepción y la satisfacción de la imagen corporal en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios Grado en Nutrición Humana y Dietética

Orientação de imagens CBERS-2B usando o modelo rigoroso de colinearidade com dados orbitais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Marcato Junior

Full Text Available Atualmente, o imageamento orbital é uma das principais técnicas de coleta de informações geoespaciais. Embora os sistemas orbitais sejam equipados com sensores de orientação direta (GNSS, giroscópios, sensores de estrelas, dentre outros, nem sempre as imagens corrigidas a partir dos dados (efemérides e atitude provenientes destes sensores apresentam a acurácia requerida para certas aplicações. Uma das alternativas para solucionar este problema é a orientação dessas imagens considerando as informações de órbita (efemérides e atitude com o uso adicional de pontos de apoio. O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste em avaliar experimentalmente o modelo de colinearidade com dados orbitais no processo de orientação de imagens CBERS-2B. Este modelo foi implementado no programa TMS (Triangulação MultiSsensor, seguindo a abordagem de triangulação multissensor. Foram realizados experimentos com imagens do nível 1 (com apenas correção radiométrica coletadas pelos sensores CCD e HRC. Nos casos estudados verificou-se que a utilização das informações de órbita possibilita a orientação de imagens CBERS-2B com um número reduzido de pontos de apoio.

Claro e confuso: a mistura de imagens no cinema

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacques Aumont

2008-11-01

Full Text Available No cinema, a mistura de imagens é um procedimento narrativo que pode ser obtido a partir da superposição de dois ou mais planos filmados. Este recurso vem sendo utilizado desde a fase do cinema mudo até os cineastas de vanguarda; pode ser facilmente observado tanto em filmes hollywoodianos quanto experimentais. Ao superpor imagens num mesmo quadro, o cinema nos obriga a pensar no estatuto e na "lógica" da imagem em movimento, estimulando-nos a entender, em última instância, o próprio processo de percepção e de constituição do sentido a partir de sua articulação no interior do plano ou entre planos. É da problemática da instauração e da apreensão perceptual e conceitual dessas imagens "misturadas" que este artigo se ocupa, valendo-se das relações possí­veis entre cinema, pintura e fotografia. Palavras-chave cinema, imagem, mistura, percepção, sentido Abstract In cinema, the dissolving of one image into another is a narrative procedure that is obtained through the juxtaposition of two or more shots. This resource has been utilized ever since the silent film era through to the vanguard filmmakers. It is present as much in Hollywood blockbusters as in experimental films. In superimposing images within a single frame, the cinema obliges us to in perceive the logic of the images in movement, leading us eventually to understand the actual process of perception and constitution of meaning through its articulation either within a single shot or between shots. This article is concerned with the issue of establishing these blended images and their perceptual, conceptual comprehension, exploring the possible relations between cinema, painting and phothograpy. Key words cinema, image, dissolve, perception, meaning

Rodalización mediante sistemas de información geográfica y sensores remotos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rene González Murguía

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo de investigación se realizó en el ejido Pueblo Nuevo, estado de Durango, México. El objetivo es establecer una metodología para modelar y crear la división dasocrática de zonas forestales hasta nivel de subrodal. Para ello se utilizó información topográfica del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI escala 1:50 000 y una imagen de satélite Landsat-ETM+ del 8 de abril del 2000. A partir de la información topográfica se generó un modelo digital de elevación con resolución espacial de 15 x 15 m, y se modelaron cuencas, subcuencas, microcuencas, submicrocuencas y cauces. La imagen Landsat-ETM+ fue remuestreada a 15 x 15 m con ayuda de la imagen pancromática para obtener mayor resolución espacial. Se clasificó la imagen por medio de estadísticas supervisadas con trabajo de campo para mapear los diferentes tipos de comunidades vegetales y usos de suelo. Se digitalizaron los rodales actuales creados por los prestadores de servicios técnicos forestales del ejido para su comparación. A partir del modelo digital de elevación se generaron los modelos de pendientes y exposición, para buscar asociación comparativa con los polígonos de rodales actuales. Se comparó la distribución de comunidades vegetales clasificadas contra el modelo de exposición para determinar patrones preferenciales de distribución. Los rodales modelados fueron obtenidos de la integración de las submicrocuencas modeladas y del modelo de patrones preferenciales de distribución de la vegetación. Y los subrodales fueron generados de la integración de los rodales modelados y de la clasificación de tipos de vegetación de la imagen Landsat-ETM+.

Uma ninfa a perseguir cabeças: imagens de Salomé na coluna Garotas do Alceu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Queiroz Campos

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo aborda as temporalidades das imagens da coluna Garotas do Alceu da revista O Cruzeiro. As pin-ups ilustradas por Alceu Penna para a coluna Garotas foram imagens permeadas de publicidades, comportamentos, morais e modas em voga em seu tempo histórico de produção. Contudo, segundo Georges Didi-Huberman, a imagem pertence ao tempo. Tempos múltiplos, impuros, heterogêneos, dialéticos, anacrônicos também perpassam as imagens da coluna em questão. Nas páginas que seguem as Garotas do Alceu, as pin-ups, foram também analisadas como ninfas modernas que associam o belo ao trauma. Entre as Garotas e as ninfas, as apresentações de Salomé e das cabeças decapitadas foram aqui destacadas e analisadas.

La imagen: una venta en silencio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harold Silva Guerra

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Uno de los aspectos más importantes y que más gravita en el éxito financiero de una empresa es su imagen. Por eso, el manejo de la misma, es trascendental, porque no solo se debe pretender que sea competitiva, sino que armonice con la responsabilidad social y ambiental del todo el entorno, y que siempre sea recordada por los clientes, con gratitud y que permanezca en el universo de suspreferencias. Para ello, deben comulgar tantas cosas positivas que van desde el buen servicio al cliente, pasando por la calidad de productos que se ofrecen, hasta el impacto que cause en los compradores los símbolos cuidadosamente elegidos los cuales contribuyan a una fijación mental positiva y duradera.Palabras clave: Imagen; identidad; reputación; cliente.The image: a sale in silenceAbstrac One of the most important aspects, which supports the financial success of a company, is its image. Therefore, the management of it, is transcendental, as it does not only pretend to be competitive, but also that harmonize with the social and environmental responsibility of the whole surroundings, and that it always will be remembered by customers, with gratitude and remain in the universe of their preferences. for that many positive things must coincide, ranging from good customer service, to the quality of products offered, to the impact cause on the buyers the carefully chosen symbols, which contribute to a positive and lasting mental fixation.Keywords: Image; identity; reputation; customer.

Imagen corporal y autoestima en mujeres con cáncer de mama participantes en un programa de intervención psicosocial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julia Sebastián

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En el tema del cáncer de mama, uno de los aspectos que ha suscitado mayor interés se refiere a la adaptación a los cambios en la imagen corporal que su tratamiento conlleva. Los objetivos que persigue nuestro trabajo se refieren a varios aspectos relacionados con la imagen corporal y la autoestima, como son: a comprobar la eficacia de un programa de intervención psicosocial que incide sobre la mejora de la imagen corporal y la autoestima, comparando dos grupos de intervención y control en cada uno de los momentos pretratamiento, post-tratamiento y seguimiento y b analizar la influencia de las variables socioeconómicas y médicas (tipo de cirugía y tipo de tratamiento en la imagen corporal y la autoestima. Los resultados muestran que para la imagen corporal, el grupo de intervención obtiene puntuaciones más elevadas que el grupo control en el postratamiento y seguimiento, mientras que para la autoestima, las diferencias sólo se dan en el seguimiento y aparece la relevancia de la variable tiempo transcurrido. Ninguna de las variables sociodemográficas fue significativa. En cuanto al tipo de cirugía, las mujeres tumorectomizadas tuvieron una mejor imagen corporal que las mastectomizadas.

Bridging the Divide: Translating Landsat Research Into Usable Science

Science.gov (United States)

Rocchio, L. E.; Davis, A. L.

2006-12-01

Science has long served humankind. Breakthroughs in medicine have increased longevity and advances in technology have made modern-day conveniences possible. Yet, social benefits begotten by the environmental sciences, although critical for the survival of humanity, have not always been as widely recognized or used. To benefit today's rapidly growing population, the divides between environmental research, applied environmental science, and use of this information by decision makers must be bridged. Lessons about the translation from research to usable science can be learned from the four decades of Landsat history, and these lessons can serve as useful models for bridging the gaps between new technology, scientific research, and the use of that research and technology in real-world problem solving. In 1965, William Pecora, then-director of the U.S. Geological Survey, proposed the idea of a remote sensing satellite program to gather facts about natural resources of Earth. For the next seven years, an intense campaign showing the depth and diversity of satellite imagery applications was waged. This led to the 1972 launch of the first civilian land-observing satellite, Landsat 1. By 1975, successful application research based on Landsat 1 imagery prompted then-NASA Administrator Dr. James Fletcher to proclaim that if one space age development would save the world, it would be Landsat and its successor satellites. Thirty-four years of continual Landsat imaging and related-research has lead to the implementation of many socially beneficial applications, such as improved water management techniques, crop insurance fraud reduction, illicit crop inventories, natural disaster relief planning, continent-scale carbon estimates, and extensive cartographic advances. Despite these successes, the challenge of translating Landsat research into realized social benefits remains. Even in this geospatially-savvy era, the utility of Landsat largely escapes policymakers. Here, in an

Redes sociais, privacidade, confidencialidade e ética: a exposição de imagens de pacientes no facebook

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Leandro Brambilla Martorell

2016-03-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar a exposição de imagens de pacientes promovida por médicos e cirurgiões-dentistas no facebook. A coleta dos dados foi feita entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2013, selecionando-se, retrospectivamente, 39 imagens que haviam sido publicadas por 17 profissionais. Nestas imagens foi possível identificar situações de quebra de confidencialidade e/ou privacidade. O princípio do respeito à privacidade e confidencialidade das pessoas faz parte dos principais documentos internacionais relacionados com o campo da ética. Tanto o Estado como as entidades profissionais têm a obrigação de proteger vítimas da exposição de imagens que comprometam o direito inalienável à privacidade. O estudo reforça que tais exposições trazem repercussões negativas para pacientes, profissionais de saúde e sociedade. Recomenda-se que o tema seja abordado transversalmente pelo corpo docente, com discussões estimuladas e orientadas pelas disciplinas de Bioética.

TV: la captura en la imagen

OpenAIRE

Roberto A. Follari

2015-01-01

"La cultura posmoderna que vivimos, en un mundo dominado por la omnipresencia del vídeo y la televisión es decir una cultura visual, nos hace sentir más como sujetos de ciencia ficción que como terminales de computadoras que como agentes de actividad", afirma el autor en esta reflexión en dos tiempos sobre lo visual y la posmodernidad. La invasión de la imagen artificial, del hiperrealismo en formato spot publicitario es absoluta, El género zapping es ahora una modalidad de conformación de la...

Conductas alimentarias de riesgo y su relación con la imagen corporal en estudiantes de enfermería

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María del Pilar Ureña Molina

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las conductas alimentarias de riesgo y la imagen corporal en los estudiantes de enfermería durante el primer semestre del año 2015. Materiales y Métodos: estudio de tipo cuantitativo, correlacional. Se utilizaron como instrumentos, el Test de Imagen Corporal - Cuestionario Body Shape Questionnaire y el Test De Actitudes Alimentarias - 26. La muestra estuvo conformada por 181 estudiantes. Resultados: la mayor proporción de estudiantes pertenecen al género femenino, las edades fluctuaron entre los 16 a 28 años, predominando el estado civil soltero, pertenecientes a un estrato socioeconómico bajo (1 -2 y conviven con sus padres. El 63% obtuvo un estado nutricional normal, la mayor parte de ellos no presentaron conductas alimentarias de Riesgo (94% y se encontraban satisfechos con su imagen corporal (91%. Se estableció una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las conductas alimentarias de riesgo y la imagen corporal. Conclusiones: los estudiantes de enfermería, en su mayoría, no presentaron conductas alimentarias de riesgo, es decir, no realizan prácticas extremas para el control de su peso corporal y los que la presentaron, pueden tener afectaciones en su desempeño académico, las relaciones interpersonales y la calidad de vida. Así mismo, la mayoría de ellos mostraron una apreciación satisfactoria de su imagen corporal y un pequeño porcentaje, estuvo insatisfecho, reflejando diversos desórdenes de tipo conductual, cognitivo y emocional. Se determinó que la integridad de la imagen corporal disminuye la presencia de conductas alimentarias de riesgo.

La imagen de empresa como factor determinante en la elección de operador: identidad y posicionamiento de las empresas de comunicaciones móviles

OpenAIRE

García de los Salmones Sánchez, María del Mar

2002-01-01

La imagen corporativa se constituye como un activo intangible fuente de ventajas competitivas que debe ser correctamente gestionado para extraerle todo su potencial. Partiendo de una revisión de literatura sobre imagen e identidad, la Tesis profundiza en el carácter multidimensional de la imagen y en las variables que influyen en la misma. Para ello se plantean diversas hipótesis referidas a los determinantes de la elección de empresa con mejor imagen global, desarrollando al respecto un mode...

LandSAT TM 1994

Data.gov (United States)

Kansas Data Access and Support Center — Before the Landsat commercialization contract was signed between the Department of Commerce and the Earth Observation Satellite Company (EOSAT) on September 27,...

Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research

Science.gov (United States)

Roy, David P.; Wulder, M.A.; Loveland, Thomas R.; Woodcock, C.E.; Allen, R. G.; Anderson, M. C.; Helder, D.; Irons, J.R.; Johnson, D.M.; Kennedy, R.; Scambos, T.A.; Schaaf, Crystal B.; Schott, J.R.; Sheng, Y.; Vermote, E. F.; Belward, A.S.; Bindschadler, R.; Cohen, W.B.; Gao, F.; Hipple, J. D.; Hostert, Patrick; Huntington, J.; Justice, C.O.; Kilic, A.; Kovalskyy, Valeriy; Lee, Z. P.; Lymburner, Leo; Masek, J.G.; McCorkel, J.; Shuai, Y.; Trezza, R.; Vogelmann, James; Wynne, R.H.; Zhu, Z.

2014-01-01

Landsat 8, a NASA and USGS collaboration, acquires global moderate-resolution measurements of the Earth's terrestrial and polar regions in the visible, near-infrared, short wave, and thermal infrared. Landsat 8 extends the remarkable 40 year Landsat record and has enhanced capabilities including new spectral bands in the blue and cirrus cloud-detection portion of the spectrum, two thermal bands, improved sensor signal-to-noise performance and associated improvements in radiometric resolution, and an improved duty cycle that allows collection of a significantly greater number of images per day. This paper introduces the current (2012–2017) Landsat Science Team's efforts to establish an initial understanding of Landsat 8 capabilities and the steps ahead in support of priorities identified by the team. Preliminary evaluation of Landsat 8 capabilities and identification of new science and applications opportunities are described with respect to calibration and radiometric characterization; surface reflectance; surface albedo; surface temperature, evapotranspiration and drought; agriculture; land cover, condition, disturbance and change; fresh and coastal water; and snow and ice. Insights into the development of derived ‘higher-level’ Landsat products are provided in recognition of the growing need for consistently processed, moderate spatial resolution, large area, long-term terrestrial data records for resource management and for climate and global change studies. The paper concludes with future prospects, emphasizing the opportunities for land imaging constellations by combining Landsat data with data collected from other international sensing systems, and consideration of successor Landsat mission requirements.

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT AND LAND USE/COVER TYPE USING LANDSAT 7 ETM+ AND LANDSAT 8 OLI IMAGES

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N. Aslan

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The main objectives of this study are (i to calculate Land Surface Temperature (LST from Landsat imageries, (ii to determine the UHI effects from Landsat 7 ETM+ (June 5, 2001 and Landsat 8 OLI (June 17, 2014 imageries, (iii to examine the relationship between LST and different Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC types for the years 2001 and 2014. The study is implemented in the central districts of Antalya. Initially, the brightness temperatures are retrieved and the LST values are calculated from Landsat thermal images. Then, the LU/LC maps are created from Landsat pan-sharpened images using Random Forest (RF classifier. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI image, ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM and DMSP_OLS nighttime lights data are used as auxiliary data during the classification procedure. Finally, UHI effect is determined and the LST values are compared with LU/LC classes. The overall accuracies of RF classification results were computed higher than 88 % for both Landsat images. During 13-year time interval, it was observed that the urban and industrial areas were increased significantly. Maximum LST values were detected for dry agriculture, urban, and bareland classes, while minimum LST values were detected for vegetation and irrigated agriculture classes. The UHI effect was computed as 5.6 °C for 2001 and 6.8 °C for 2014. The validity of the study results were assessed using MODIS/Terra LST and Emissivity data and it was found that there are high correlation between Landsat LST and MODIS LST data (r2 = 0.7 and r2 = 0.9 for 2001 and 2014, respectively.

La imagen radiográfica, una herramienta compleja de interpretar

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Patricia Alejandra Bertone

2015-06-01

Full Text Available ‘Aprender a aprender’ es una propuesta educativa asumida en la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC-Argentina, que objetiva ayudar a los alumnos a adquirir estrategias y capacidades socio-cognitivas que les permitan construir conocimientos, reconocer motivos y deseos que impulsan sus proyectos de formación personal y profesional. En lo que atañe específicamente a la formación del Médico Veterinario, la información gráfica es cada vez más importante en la práctica veterinaria, situación que debe ser atendida durante el proceso de formación universitaria de los estudiantes. La información gráfica está presente desde el primer año de la carrera, en distintas disciplinas: en Anatomía, Histología, Embriología, Física Biológica, Química Biológica y Fisiología Animal. Situación que permitiría pensar que  durante los primeros tres años de la carrera, los alumnos han desarrollado estrategias de interpretación gráfica; sin embargo, al ingresar al 4to año y se deparan con la lectura de las placas radiográficas en la búsqueda de significados clínicos, se plantean dificultades importantes para los alumnos. Las preguntas que nortean el estudio son: ¿Qué procedimientos cognitivos y metacognitivos los alumnos desarrollan cuando leen una imagen radiográfica?, ¿Cómo está organizada la sección Radiología desde el currículo? Los objetivos generales planteados proponen: a Señalar la creciente importancia de la Radiología en la formación en Medicina Veterinaria en la UNRC; b Conocer los procedimientos intelectuales, cognitivos y metacognitivos, y los aspectos motivacionales involucrados en los alumnos de Medicina Veterinaria cuando ‘leen’ imágenes radiográficas, durante el cursado de la asignatura Semiología. En cuanto a la organización textual del estudio, la primera parte refiere a la dimensión curricular, de corte histórico-narrativo, situando la presencia de la Radiología en la historia de la

Metodologia de Baixo Custo para Registro de Imagens do Arco Voltaico de Soldagem

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Anna Louise Voigt

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo Equipamentos que permitem o registro de imagens são importantes ferramentas no estudo dos processos de soldagem. Contudo, câmeras de alta velocidade que permitem a captura de imagens do arco voltaico e dos fenômenos envolvidos, a exemplo da transferência metálica, são limitadas devido ao seu alto custo. Tendo em visto a utilização de câmeras de baixo custo relativo, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos parâmetros de exposição no registro do arco voltaico, sendo este, semelhante ao que se observa através da máscara de soldagem. Logo, analisou-se os efeitos da abertura do diafragma, tempo de exposição e sensibilidade ISO. Além destes parâmetros, foram empregados filtros na lente da câmera a fim de melhorar a qualidade das imagens. Por fim, aplicou-se o conhecimento adquirido no registro do processo TIG com alimentação de arame frio, sendo possível a visualização das gotas sendo transferidas bem como da poça de fusão.

Landsat and water pollution

Science.gov (United States)

Castruccio, P.; Fowler, T.; Loats, H., Jr.

1979-01-01

Report presents data derived from satellite images predicting pollution loads after rainfall. It explains method for converting Landsat images of Eastern United States into cover maps for Baltimore/five county region.

Qualidade das Imagens de Alta Resolução Geradas por Sensores Aéreos Digitais / Image Quality from High Resolution Airbone Sensors

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Irineu da Silva

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Os sensores digitais aerotransportados atualmente disponíveis no mercado possuem dois tipos de soluções: a solução de imagens por quadros, que emula a fotografia clássica, e a solução de imagem tipo “pushbroom”, que se caracteriza por uma imagem contínua, gerada a partir de um arranjo linear de sensores, que varrem a cena e possuem capacidade para gerar faixas de imagens pancromáticas, coloridas e de falsa cor com um nível de resolução elevado, compatível com as imagens pancromáticas geradas pelas câmaras convencionais. Neste artigo serão analisadas e discutidas as principais características das imagens geradas por esse tipo de sensor.

Landsat 6 contract signed

Science.gov (United States)

Maggs, William Ward

A new agreement provides $220 million for development and construction of the Landsat 6 remote sensing satellite and its ground systems. The contract, signed on March 31, 1988, by the Department of Commerce (DOC) and the Earth Observation Satellite (EOSAT) Company of Lanham, Md., came just days after approval of DOC's Landsat commercialization plan by subcommittees of the House and Senate appropriations committees.The Landsat 6 spacecraft is due to be launched into orbit on a Titan II rocket in June 1991 from Vandenburg Air Force Base, Calif. The satellite will carry an Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) sensor, an instrument sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in seven ranges or bands of wavelengths. The satellite's payload will also include the Sea Wide Field Sensor (Sea-WiFS), designed to provide information on sea surface temperature and ocean color. The sensor is being developed in a cooperative effort by EOSAT and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A less certain passenger is a proposed 5-m resolution, three-band sensor sensitive to visible light. EOSAT is trying to find both private financing for the device and potential buyers of the high-resolution imagery that it could produce. The company has been actively courting U.S. television networks, which have in the past used imagery from the European Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite for news coverage.

Imagen popular de la ciencia transmitida por los cómics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Patricia Gallego-Torres

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo nos centraremos en el análisis crítico de la imagen popular de la ciencia transmitida por los cómics existentes en el mercado (en la medida que hagan referencia al trabajo científico.

Percepción de la imagen corporal como aproximación cualitativa al estado de nutrición

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Madrigal-Fritsch Herlinda

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar la percepción de la imagen corporal con el índice de masa corporal (IMC calculado a partir del peso y la talla declarados por los sujetos y valorar su capacidad para clasificar el estado de nutrición. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se eligió una muestra representativa de la población de España, integrada por 517 hombres y 483 mujeres mayores de 15 años. Las variables fueron sexo, edad, nivel educativo, IMC e imagen corporal percibida. Las diferencias entre grupos se estimaron con la prueba de ji². La capacidad de clasificación de la imagen corporal se comparó con el IMC empleando la sensibilidad y la especificidad. RESULTADOS: El estado nutricional para ambos indicadores mostró mayor sobrepeso en hombres y mayor obesidad en mujeres. Se observó que el sobrepeso y la obesidad se incrementan conforme aumenta la edad, y con mayor educación disminuyen. La percepción de la imagen corporal fue distinta entre sexos, así como por edad y nivel educativo (p<0.01. La comparación entre el IMC y la imagen corporal notificó valores superiores a 0.90 para sensibilidad y especificidad, así como para los valores predictivos positivos y negativos en sujetos que presentaron un estado nutricional que alcanzaba los rangos extremos. La precisión fue mayor para la sensibilidad que para la especificidad. La capacidad de clasificación fue mejor en mujeres que en hombres. La correlación de Spearman fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres (p<0.001 y la concordancia W de Kendall notificó valores altos para ambos sexos. CONCLUSIONES: La percepción de la imagen corporal permitió identificar a los sujetos que presentaban nutrición normal y deficiente o excesiva; por tal motivo, este indicador puede resultar útil en estudios epidemiológicos, aunque tiene algunas limitaciones para diagnósticos individuales.

Propiedades Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Insatisfacción con la Imagen Corporal en estudiantes de Educación de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo

OpenAIRE

Hueda Capristan, Ana Cecilia

2016-01-01

Se determinó Propiedades Psicométricas en el Cuestionario de Insatisfacción con la Imagen Corporal (IMAGEN) y el análisis descriptivo en alumnos de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. La muestra (n=576) no probabilística aleatoria de una población (N=1272) y el diseño Psicométrico. Se aplicó IMAGEN analizando las propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados, evidencian que IMAGEN presenta validez de contenido por criterio de jueces, alcanzando relevancia, claridad y coherencia. Validez de const...

Imagen país de Colombia desde la perspectiva extranjera

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Echeverri Cañas, Lina María

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Colombia is a country with a negative historical positioning in international markets. Despite efforts by governments and influencers to improve its image, the perception of foreigners remains polarized, being associated with coffee and drug trafficking. This article is the result of a qualitative research conducted on foreign visitors from eight countries in the Americas with the largest number of visitors to Colombia in 2013: The United States, Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Peru, Brazil, Mexico and Chile. The study found that the image of Colombia is not one-dimensional, but multidimensional. It identifies five dimensions that influence country image: knowledge of the country, the industrial orientation, visitor attitudes, perceptions of prospects and preferences and finally interests associated with its image.Colombia es un país con un posicionamiento histórico negativo en mercados internacionales. Si bien los gobiernos y los prescriptores han dedicado esfuerzos por mejorarla, la percepción del extranjero se mantiene polarizada, es decir, todavía el país es asociado con el café y con el narcotráfico. El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación cualitativa realizada a extranjeros procedentes de ocho países que registran el mayor número de visitantes en Colombia en el 2013 desde el continente americano: Estados Unidos, Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Perú, Brasil, México y Chile. Como resultado del estudio se encontró que la imagen de Colombia no es unidimensional, es multidimensional. Se logran identificar cinco dimensiones que influyen en la imagen país: el conocimiento del país, la orientación industrial, las actitudes de los visitantes, las percepciones de los prospectos y las preferencias e intereses asociado a su imagen.

River morphodynamics from space: the Landsat frontier

Science.gov (United States)

Schwenk, Jon; Khandelwal, Ankush; Fratkin, Mulu; Kumar, Vipin; Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi

2017-04-01

NASA's Landsat family of satellites have been observing the entire globe since 1984, providing over 30 years of snapshots with an 18 day frequency and 30 meter resolution. These publicly-available Landsat data are particularly exciting to researchers interested in river morphodynamics, who are often limited to use of historical maps, aerial photography, and field surveys with poor and irregular time resolutions and limited spatial extents. Landsat archives show potential for overcoming these limitations, but techniques and tools for accurately and efficiently mining the vault of scenes must first be developed. In this PICO presentation, we detail the problems we encountered while mapping and quantifying planform dynamics of over 1,300 km of the actively-migrating, meandering Ucayali River in Peru from Landsat imagery. We also present methods to overcome these obstacles and introduce the Matlab-based RivMAP (River Morphodynamics from Analysis of Planforms) toolbox that we developed to extract banklines and centerlines, compute widths, curvatures, and angles, identify cutoffs, and quantify planform changes via centerline migration and erosion/accretion over large spatial domains with high temporal resolution. Measurement uncertainties were estimated by analyzing immobile, abandoned oxbow lakes. Our results identify hotspots of planform changes, and combined with limited precipitation, stage, and topography data, we parse three simultaneous controls on river migration: climate, sediment, and meander cutoff. Overall, this study demonstrates the vast potential locked within Landsat archives to identify multi-scale controls on river migration, observe the co-evolution of width, curvature, discharge, and migration, and discover and develop new geomorphic insights.

Anaglyph, Landsat Overlay: Wellington, New Zealand

Science.gov (United States)

2000-01-01

Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand, is located on the shores of Port Nicholson, a natural harbor at the south end of North Island. The city was founded in 1840 by British emigrants and now has a regional population of more than 400,000 residents. As seen here, the natural terrain imposes strong control over the urban growth pattern. Rugged hills generally rising to 300 meters (1,000 feet) help protect the city and harbor from strong winter winds.New Zealand is seismically active and faults are readily seen in the topography. The Wellington Fault forms the straight northwestern (upper left) shoreline of the harbor. Toward the southwest (lower left) the fault crosses through the city, then forms linear canyons in the hills before continuing offshore. Toward the northeast (upper right) the fault forms the sharp mountain front along the northern edge of the heavily populated Hutt Valley.This anaglyph was generated by first draping a Landsat Thematic Mapper image over a topographic map from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, then using the topographic data to create two differing perspectives, one for each eye. When viewed through special glasses, the result is a vertically exaggerated view of the Earth's surface in its full three dimensions. Anaglyph glasses cover the left eye with a red filter and cover the right eye with a blue filter.Landsat satellites have provided visible light and infrared images of the Earth continuously since 1972. SRTM topographic data match the 30 meter (99 foot) spatial resolution of most Landsat images and will provide a valuable complement for studying the historic and growing Landsat data archive. The Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper image used here was provided to the SRTM project by the United States Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.Elevation data used in this image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour

Digital color analysis of color-ratio composite LANDSAT scenes. [Nevada

Science.gov (United States)

Raines, G. L.

1977-01-01

A method is presented that can be used to calculate approximate Munsell coordinates of the colors produced by making a color composite from three registered images. Applied to the LANDSAT MSS data of the Goldfield, Nevada, area, this method permits precise and quantitative definition of the limonitic areas originally observed in a LANDSAT color ratio composite. In addition, areas of transported limonite can be discriminated from the limonite in the hydrothermally altered areas of the Goldfield mining district. From the analysis, the numerical distinction between limonitic and nonlimonitic ground is generally less than 3% using the LANDSAT bands and as much as 8% in ratios of LANDSAT MSS bands.

A one year Landsat 8 conterminous United States study of spatial and temporal patterns of cirrus and non-cirrus clouds and implications for the long term Landsat archive.

Science.gov (United States)

Kovalskyy, V.; Roy, D. P.

2014-12-01

The successful February 2013 launch of the Landsat 8 satellite is continuing the 40+ year legacy of the Landsat mission. The payload includes the Operational Land Imager (OLI) that has a new 1370 mm band designed to monitor cirrus clouds and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) that together provide 30m low, medium and high confidence cloud detections and 30m low and high confidence cirrus cloud detections. A year of Landsat 8 data over the Conterminous United States (CONUS), composed of 11,296 acquisitions, was analyzed comparing the spatial and temporal incidence of these cloud and cirrus states. This revealed (i) 36.5% of observations were detected with high confidence cloud with spatio-temporal patterns similar to those observed by previous Landsat 7 cloud analyses, (ii) 29.2% were high confidence cirrus, (iii) 20.9% were both high confidence cloud and high confidence cirrus, (iv) 8.3% were detected as high confidence cirrus but not as high confidence cloud. The results illustrate the value of the cirrus band for improved Landsat 8 terrestrial monitoring but imply that the historical CONUS Landsat archive has a similar 8% of undetected cirrus contaminated pixels. The implications for long term Landsat time series records, including the global Web Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) product record, are discussed.

Impacto de los programas de aportes y donaciones de almacenes de cadena de Cartagena sobre la imagen y reputación

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Francisco José Arias-Aragonés

2017-02-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es resultado de un estudio realizado a los almacenes de cadena de la ciudad de Cartagena para medir el impacto de los programas de aportes y donaciones sobre la imagen corporativa y reputación. Se hace primero un seguimiento de la discusión teórica reciente alrededor de los conceptos de RSE, aportes y donaciones, imagen corporativa y reputación. Luego se aplica un método cuantitativo y se formulan cuatro hipótesis para medir la incidencia de las variables acción social y relaciones con la comunidad sobre la imagen corporativa y reputación. La discusión teórica encontró que la RSE debe entenderse como una filosofía de gestión empresarial comprometida con el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de la sociedad en general. Adicionalmente, las pruebas de hipótesis confirmaron las diferencias conceptuales entre la imagen corporativa y reputación por encontrarse una relación directa y positiva entre las variables acción social y relaciones con la comunidad sobre la imagen corporativa y una relación no directa entre las variables acción social y reputación. Esto muestra que los programas de aportes y donaciones pueden contribuir a mejorar la imagen corporativa, mientras que la reputación exige un esfuerzo más integral y de acciones a lo largo del tiempo.

ANALISIS DINAMIKA SEBARAN SPASIAL SEDIMENTASI MUARA SUNGAI CANTUNG MENGGUNAKAN CITRA LANDSAT MULTITEMPORAL

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Zulaiha Zulaiha

2017-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Given the pivotal role played by the Cantung River for the supervision and management of the public good becomes important. Incoming sediment load can damage the uncontrolled flow conditions of the Cantung river and estuary. Observations of suspended sediment can take advantage of multitemporal Landsat imagery. This study uses Landsat satellite image data corrected 5TM March 5, 1992 data acquisition path/row 117/62, Landsat data acquisition 5TM 22 May 1997 path/row 117/62, Landsat data acquisition 5TM March 27, 2000 the path/row 117/62. Several stages in processing the image, that is the conversion of DN to reflectance values, cropping, water-not water secession, and the class divide sediment concentration by density slicing technique. Spatial distribution of suspended sediment in the estuary of the Cantung River Landsat image processing results 5TM March 5, 1992, Landsat 5TM May 22, 1997, and March 27, 2000 Landsat 5TM show distribution patterns of suspended sediment from the River Cantung the same direction, that is northeast. Sediment concentrations were detected in the Landsat image processing 5TM March 5, 1992 the largest-value 27,564096 mg/l and the smallest 14,886048 mg/l. Sediment concentrations were detected in the Landsat image processing 5TM May 22, 1997 the largest-value 121,476776 mg/l and the smallest 12,647415 mg/l. Sediment concentrations were detected in the Landsat image processing 5TM March 27, 2000 most valuable 159,256704 mg/l and the smallest 10,584161 mg/l. Getting away from the effect Cantung River estuary sediment concentration of river flow Cantung tends to get smaller. Changes in the distribution area of the sediments of March 5, 1992 until March 27, 2000 amounted to 450 m2/year.   Keywords: Remote Sensing, Sedimentation, Landsat, Cantung River

Paraísos artificiales. La imagen drogada en la pintura europea del entresiglos XIX-XX

OpenAIRE

Barrón, Sofía

2015-01-01

Paraísos artificiales. La imagen drogada en la pintura europea del entresiglos XIX-XX. La presente investigación recopila y analiza la imagen pictórica drogada en el entresiglos XIX-XX europeo, prestando especial atención al caso español, desde la exposición descriptiva; un trabajo elaborado con voluntad de catálogo. Las conclusiones teóricas dan cuenta no sólo de que el leitmotiv tóxico puede convertirse en una temática cambiosecular en sí misma, también pone de manifiesto como el uso y ...

Processamento de imagens de veículos aéreos não tripulados para estudos da vegetação

OpenAIRE

Luna Avilés, Inti Ernesto

2012-01-01

O objetivo principal desta tese de mestrado foi avaliar as aplicações ambientais e agrícolas de imagens obtidas com veículos aéreos não-tripulados (VANT) para estudar a vegetação e para avaliar o processamento de imagens envolvido, a fim de obter informação útel e compatível com outro tipo de geo-dados. Imagens dos veículos aéreos não tripulados foram processadas em três diferentes casos de estudo individualmente descritos e analisados com uma estreita relação entre si. (1) ...

Landsat 7 - A challenge to America

Science.gov (United States)

Colvocoresses, Alden P.

Factors in favor of Landsat 7 are discussed; they include: reasonable cost, a base on which to examine global change, and the need for comprehensive and continuous satellite coverage of the earth at moderate (5-30 m) resolution, in view of various occurrences on the earth's surface, ranging from the Chernobyl disaster to deforestation to the Persian Gulf conflict. Attention is given to proposed parameters for Landsat 7 and suggested actions that should be taken by Congress, the Administration, and the public to implement this space program.

Happing: Nativos digitales al servicio de la imagen corporativa de Coca-Cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Llorente Barroso

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Happing, la comunidad de la gente que se atreve a ser feliz, es la nueva propuesta de la compañía Coca-Cola para su promoción web en España; su éxito entre los nativos digitales pone de manifiesto el acierto de esta gran marca internacional, que ha sabido aprovechar la creatividad de los nativos digitales que participan en la comunidad, para dar brillo a una Imagen Corporativa Intencional de sobra solvente. Los nativos digitales que contribuyen a la creación del mágico mundo Coca-Cola, participan gustosos de la oportunidad expresiva que les brida la compañía, fascinados por la filosofía de vida que siempre ha sido bandera de la Imagen de marca de Coca-Cola, ahora alimentada y, en parte, creada por esos nativos digitales.

"La voz de los espectros" - Imagen y política en la Argentina de fin de siglo

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Lic. María L. Beatriz Alem

1998-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo intenta dar cuenta de ciertas imágenes políticas que aparecen en el escenario público, a partir de la relación de presencia/ausencia; y que marcan en principio una particularidad, la de no ser hechos actuales; sin embargo, siempre vuelven, y se instalan generando diversas y antagónicas reacciones, que van desde la adhesión al rechazo. En este recorrido intentaremos explicar esta modalidad, a partir de ciertas imágenes de la política argentina. Para ello vamos a citar dos ejemplos: la imagen de Eva Perón y la imagen de los desaparecidos en la última dictadura militar de 1976. Comenzaremos por describir el origen de las imagos, ya que las mismas tenían por función inmortalizar el poder. Y esta categoría de inmortal era posible a partir de la consagración de los cuerpos. Las imágenes que aquí proponemos aparecen de modo diferente, podemos inferir que la imagen de Eva Perón se constituye en el modo que tienen las imágenes religiosas que unen a la comunidad de creyentes y mantienen con su imagen una relación que trasciende la devoción para instalarla en el plano milagroso. En tanto que la imagen de los desaparecidos vuelven de un modo fantasmagórico, al modo que vuelven los fantasmas reclamando justicia. Concluiremos que entender el significado de estas imágenes, desde lo espectral y desde lo siniestro que ellas contienen, es sacarlas de la simple idea alucinógena que pueden resultarnos; fundamentalmente porque el escenario de la política argentina sigue recibiendo el mensaje de los fantasmas, que sectores del poder se niegan a escuchar, por se justamente un reclamo que cuestiona el "orden" establecido.

From Landsat through SLI: Ball Aerospace Instrument Architecture for Earth Surface Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Wamsley, P. R.; Gilmore, A. S.; Malone, K. J.; Kampe, T. U.; Good, W. S.

2017-12-01

The Landsat legacy spans more than forty years of moderate resolution, multi-spectral imaging of the Earth's surface. Applications for Landsat data include global environmental change, disaster planning and recovery, crop and natural resource management, and glaciology. In recent years, coastal water science has been greatly enhanced by the outstanding on-orbit performance of Landsat 8. Ball Aerospace designed and built the Operational Land Imager (OLI) instrument on Landsat 8, and is in the process of building OLI 2 for Landsat 9. Both of these instruments have the same design however improved performance is expected from OLI 2 due to greater image bit depth (14 bit on OLI 2 vs 12 bit on OLI). Ball Aerospace is currently working on two novel instrument architectures applicable to Sustainable Land Imaging for Landsat 10 and beyond. With increased budget constraints probable for future missions, technological improvements must be included in future instrument architectures to enable increased capabilities at lower cost. Ball presents the instrument architectures and associated capabilities enabling new science in past, current, and future Landsat missions.

Georgia resource assessment project: Institutionalizing LANDSAT and geographic data base techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Pierce, R. R.; Rado, B. Q.; Faust, N.

1981-01-01

Digital data from LANDSAT for each 1.1-acre cell in Georgia were processed and the land cover conditions were categorized. Several test cases were completed and an operational hardware and software processing capability was established at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The operational capability was developed to process the entire state (60,000 sq. miles and 14 LANDSAT scenes) in a cooperative project between eleven divisions and agencies at the regional, state, and federal levels. Products were developed for State agencies such as in both mapped and statistical formats. A computerized geographical data base was developed for management programs. To a large extent the applications of the data base evolved as users of LANDSAT information requested that other data (i.e., soils, slope, land use, etc.) be made compatible with LANDSAT for management programs. To date, geographic data bases incorporating LANDSAT and other spatial data deal with elements of the municipal solid waste management program, and reservoir management for the Corps of Engineers. LANDSAT data are also being used for applications in wetland, wildlife, and forestry management.

ORIENTAÇÃO E ORTORRETIFICAÇÃO DE IMAGENS TERRESTRES NADIRAIS

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Adilson Berveglieri

Full Text Available Informações de controle terrestre são fundamentais para as aplicações fotogramétricas. Independentemente do tipo de controle utilizado, um passo interativo é ainda exigido para determinar as coordenadas imagem de pontos de apoio. Esta abordagem propõe uma técnica automática para orientar e ortorretificar imagens terrestres de pontos de apoio. As ortoimagens podem ser utilizadas como cenas de controle em algoritmos de correspondência para orientar imagens aéreas ou orbitais. O método emprega um alvo de controle acoplado a um receptor Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS para o levantamento de pontos de apoio. Imagens dos pontos são coletadas em posição nadiral e em diferentes alturas com uma câmara panorâmica. Um modelo multiescala é gerado e orientado usando pontos de enlace e os cantos do alvo como pontos de apoio. As coordenadas 3D destes pontos de enlace são determinadas automaticamente por intersecção de raios. Um Modelo Digital de Terreno (MDT local é produzido para ortorretificar a área com centro no ponto de apoio. Experimentos foram realizados em pequenas áreas com variações em altitude. As coordenadas geradas automaticamente foram comparadas com amostras coletadas por medições topográficas, e os resultados demonstraram que as áreas foram reconstruídas com erro médio quadrático inferior a 2 cm em altimetria, o que é compatível com a aplicação proposta de geração de cenas de controle.

La competencia comunicativa como premisa para la imagen social del maestro

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Xiomara Catalina Ravelo Gainza

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo promueve la reflexión en torno a la incidencia que tiene la competencia comunicativa en la imagen social del maestro que se configura en el imaginario social, a partir del estudio de las obras de varios autores que han incursionado en el tema.

La imagen de los destinos turísticos cubanos. Un acercamiento desde La Habana Vieja

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Dra. Maité Echarri Chávez

2012-11-01

Full Text Available El estudio y análisis de la imagen de los destinos turísticos, a partir de las expectativas del cliente y desde la perspectiva de las entidades comercializadoras de los mismos, constituye todo un reto teniendo en cuenta que la decisión de viajar está también condicionada por un cúmulo de información que puede no ser correspondida con la realidad que se constata en el lugar de destino y los medios de comunicación. El informe que se presenta es resultado de investigaciones cuyo objetivo es conocer y analizar esas expectativas para el caso cubano, así como el análisis de la imagen inducida desde la perspectiva de las entidades comercializadoras, tomando como referente La Habana Vieja, principal destino de ciudad de Cuba. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron reconocer los íconos culturales que identifican a la ciudad y el papel que los mismos juegan en los diferentes soportes comunicacionales, proporcionándoles a las entidades gestoras de la actividad turística el punto de vista adecuado para la futura toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la imagen.

Uma educação do olho: as imagens na sociedade urbana, industrial e de mercado

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MIRANDA CARLOS EDUARDO ALBUQUERQUE

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, pretendemos pensar o processo de produção industrial de imagens como parte de um programa de educação visual, cujas origens históricas antecedem o atual desenvolvimento industrial. Nossa hipótese é de que a valoriza��ão irrefletida da produção e do consumo de imagens através de aparelhos tecnológicos reproduz e intensifica a desvalorização dos sentidos na produção de conhecimento e revaloriza o pensamento "cartesiano", educando o olho a ver o homem e o mundo conforme as possibilidades e os limites destas formas de representação da realidade. A ausência de uma atitude crítica em relação aos processos de produção destas imagens e o desconhecimento de suas origens históricas fazem com que a escola incorpore, de forma conservadora, o programa de educação visual acima referido e eduque, de forma alienada, o olho a ver a realidade.

Perspective View with Landsat Overlay, Costa Rica

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

This perspective view shows the Caribbean coastal plain of Costa Rica, with the Cordillera Central rising in the background and the Pacific Ocean in the distance. The prominent river in the center of the image is the Rio Sucio, which merges with the Rio Sarapiqui at the bottom of the image and eventually joins with Rio San Juan on the Nicaragua border.Like much of Central America, Costa Rica is generally cloud covered so very little satellite imagery is available. The ability of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) instrument to penetrate clouds and make three-dimensional measurements will allow generation of the first complete high-resolution topographic map of the entire region. These data were used to generate the image.This three-dimensional perspective view was generated using elevation data from SRTM and an enhanced false-color Landsat 7 satellite image. Colors are from Landsat bands 5, 4, and 2 as red, green and blue, respectively. Topographic expression is exaggerated two times.Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyses of the large and growing Landsat image archive. The Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper image used here was provided to the SRTM by the United States Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, S.D.Elevation data used in this image was acquired by the SRTM aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. SRTM was designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices

Versión Española del Cuestionario-Revisado de Imagen del Movimiento (MIQ-R: Validación y propiedades psicométricas

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Alfredo Campos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación deseábamos saber los factores que tenía la versión española del Cuestionario-Revisado de Imagen del Movimiento (MIQ-R, y cómo se distribuían los ítems. También deseábamos conocer la consistencia interna y cómo correlacionaba con otras medidas de habilidad de imagen. Para ello aplicamos la versión española del MIQ-R a una muestra de 201 estudiantes universitarios, y encontramos, mediante análisis factorial, que el cuestionario consta de dos factores, que juntos explican el 66.11% de la varianza total. Estos dos factores corresponden a la subescala visual y a la subescala cinestésica. La consistencia del test fue satisfactoria, tanto la consistencia de la puntuación total del test, como la de cada una de las dos subescalas. El MIQ-R correlacionó -.34 con el Cuestionario de Viveza de Imagen del Movimiento (VMIQ, y -.26 con el Cuestionario de Viveza de Imagen Visual (VVIQ. La versión española del MIQ-R se considera una buena medida de imagen del movimiento.

El rol de la semiótica en la imagen corporativa de las empresas Almacenes Éxito, Davivienda S.A. y Bancolombia

OpenAIRE

Vargas Almeida, Gissell Alejandra; Mora Charria, Oscar Leonardo; Ramírez Vasquez, Tatiana Paola

2012-01-01

La semiótica hace parte de la construcción de la imagen, desde la concepción primaria de la misma, ya que sin el análisis semiótico no podría concebirse la imagen tal como se entiende hoy en día. Gracias a los mercados cambiantes, la globalización y los impredecibles cambios económicos que encara la sociedad, las empresas deben mantenerse a la vanguardia, no solo en lo concerniente a sus productos y servicios, sino también en la imagen que proyectan a sus clientes. Por lo anterior, esta monog...

Continuous fields of land cover for the conterminous United States using Landsat data: First results from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project

Science.gov (United States)

Hansen, M.C.; Egorov, Alexey; Roy, David P.; Potapov, P.; Ju, J.; Turubanova, S.; Kommareddy, I.; Loveland, Thomas R.

2011-01-01

Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF) layers of 30 m percent tree cover, bare ground, other vegetation and probability of water were derived for the conterminous United States (CONUS) using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data sets from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project. Turnkey approaches to land cover characterization were enabled due to the systematic WELD Landsat processing, including conversion of digital numbers to calibrated top of atmosphere reflectance and brightness temperature, cloud masking, reprojection into a continental map projection and temporal compositing. Annual, seasonal and monthly WELD composites for 2008 were used as spectral inputs to a bagged regression and classification tree procedure using a large training data set derived from very high spatial resolution imagery and available ancillary data. The results illustrate the ability to perform Landsat land cover characterizations at continental scales that are internally consistent while retaining local spatial and thematic detail.

Cross-sensor comparisons between Landsat 5 TM and IRS-P6 AWiFS and disturbance detection using integrated Landsat and AWiFS time-series images

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Xuexia; Vogelmann, James E.; Chander, Gyanesh; Ji, Lei; Tolk, Brian; Huang, Chengquan; Rollins, Matthew

2013-01-01

Routine acquisition of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data was discontinued recently and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) has an ongoing problem with the scan line corrector (SLC), thereby creating spatial gaps when covering images obtained during the process. Since temporal and spatial discontinuities of Landsat data are now imminent, it is therefore important to investigate other potential satellite data that can be used to replace Landsat data. We thus cross-compared two near-simultaneous images obtained from Landsat 5 TM and the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS), both captured on 29 May 2007 over Los Angeles, CA. TM and AWiFS reflectances were compared for the green, red, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands, as well as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on manually selected polygons in homogeneous areas. All R2 values of linear regressions were found to be higher than 0.99. The temporally invariant cluster (TIC) method was used to calculate the NDVI correlation between the TM and AWiFS images. The NDVI regression line derived from selected polygons passed through several invariant cluster centres of the TIC density maps and demonstrated that both the scene-dependent polygon regression method and TIC method can generate accurate radiometric normalization. A scene-independent normalization method was also used to normalize the AWiFS data. Image agreement assessment demonstrated that the scene-dependent normalization using homogeneous polygons provided slightly higher accuracy values than those obtained by the scene-independent method. Finally, the non-normalized and relatively normalized ‘Landsat-like’ AWiFS 2007 images were integrated into 1984 to 2010 Landsat time-series stacks (LTSS) for disturbance detection using the Vegetation Change Tracker (VCT) model. Both scene-dependent and scene-independent normalized AWiFS data sets could generate disturbance maps similar to

Use of Landsat data to predict the trophic state of Minnesota lakes

Science.gov (United States)

Lillesand, T. M.; Johnson, W. L.; Deuell, R. L.; Lindstrom, O. M.; Meisner, D. E.

1983-01-01

Near-concurrent Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and ground data were obtained for 60 lakes distributed in two Landsat scene areas. The ground data included measurement of secchi disk depth, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorous, turbidity, color, and total nitrogen, as well as Carlson Trophic State Index (TSI) values derived from the first three parameters. The Landsat data best correlated with the TSI values. Prediction models were developed to classify some 100 'test' lakes appearing in the two analysis scenes on the basis of TSI estimates. Clouds, wind, poor image data, small lake size, and shallow lake depth caused some problems in lake TSI prediction. Overall, however, the Landsat-predicted TSI estimates were judged to be very reliable for the secchi-derived TSI estimation, moderately reliable for prediction of the chlorophyll-a TSI, and unreliable for the phosphorous value. Numerous Landsat data extraction procedures were compared, and the success of the Landsat TSI prediction models was a strong function of the procedure employed.

Análise espaço-temporal da cobertura vegetal e uso da terra na Interbacia do Rio Paraguai Médio-MT, Brasil

OpenAIRE

Pessoa,Seyla Poliana Miranda; Galvanin,Edinéia Aparecida dos Santos; Kreitlow,Jesã Pereira; Neves,Sandra Mara Alves da Silva; Nunes,Josué Ribeiro da Silva; Zago,Bruno Wagner

2013-01-01

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise espaço-temporal da cobertura vegetal e do uso da terra na Interbacia do Rio Paraguai Médio-MT, Brasil, pelo geoprocessamento de imagens Landsat TM, dos anos 1991, 2001 e 2011. As imagens foram georreferenciadas, classificadas e processadas no software Spring e as classes temáticas, quantificadas e editadas no software ArcGis. Foram mapeadas sete classes, sendo as mais expressivas a vegetação nativa, a pastagem e a cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados ...

Tecnología y estética. Los motion graphics como exponente de la imagen interfaz

OpenAIRE

Ràfols Cabrisses, Rafael

2016-01-01

El objeto de estudio de esta tesis son los motion graphics (MG), el género audiovisual nacido con la tecnología audiovisual digital y que es resultado de la introducción de la cultura gráfica en la imagen en movimiento. Es un formato que incorpora desde expresiones netamente artísticas hasta aquellas que con carácter funcional constituyen el diseño audiovisual. Sus formatos más característicos son: los títulos de crédito de las películas, la publicidad, los videoclips, la imagen de los canale...

Imagens da violência e violência das imagens: considerações em torno do documentário Jardim Ângela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristiane da Silveira Lima

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho discute a relação entre imagens e violência, nãoapenas a partir do seu conteúdo, mas sobretudo a partir domodo pelo qual elas solicitam um engajamento do olhar.Para tanto, comparamos algumas idéias de Marie-JoséMondzain, Jean-Luc Nancy e Jean-Louis Comolli. Emseguida, discorremos brevemente sobre o filme  JardimÂngela, de Evaldo Mocarzel. Por fim, nos interrogamossobre o tipo de experiência da violência que o filmeproporciona ao espectador.

Imagen país de Colombia desde la perspectiva estadounidense

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Lina María Echeverri

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La reputación de los países está vinculada a la percepción que tengan los visitantes sobre un destino específico, se construye sobre sus experiencias y da como resultado el concepto de imagen de un país. Autores como Anholt, Dinnie y Kotler han logrado evaluar y analizar la importancia que está cobrando el contenido sobre imagen país en el diseño de estrategias de reputación territorial. En el caso de Colombia, el país tiene un posicionamiento polarizado, se asocia con narcotráfico y con café. El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación empírica aplicada en Estados Unidos, sobre las impresiones del país que tienen aquellos que han visitado y no han visitado a Colombia. La hipótesis planteada es que Colombia mantiene un posicionamiento histórico negativo, asociado al narcotráfico. Se eligió como ámbito geográfico a Estados Unidos, por ser el emisor más grande de viajeros hacia Colombia.

La imagen sometida: Ideología y contraideología de la representación visual en el cine digital y de animación latinoamericano

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Samuel Viñolo Locuviche

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Aunque sigue pensándose que el poder fomenta, mediante el desarrollo tecnológico, el uso de la imagen como herramienta de dominio, la evolución de las imágenes parece apuntar hacia otro lugar: la imagen sintética se ha convertido en un fin en sí misma. A las sociedades desarrolladas industrialmente no les interesa tanto el dominar con la imagen como dominar la imagen misma, porque este dominio es el síntoma más notorio de una sociedad avanzada. Aunque el cine de animación digital, avanzadilla de la tecnología digital, constituye el medio adecuado para ese sometimiento de la imagen por parte de la industria predominante, han surgido movimientos que oponen resistencia a este modelo. Este artículo analiza cómo actúa esta resistencia en el contexto de la animación latinoamericana.

LA IMAGEN DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA EN EL MERCADO TURÍSTICO ITALIANO

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Lucrezia Lopez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El sector turístico se está convirtiendo en uno de los sectores económicos más importantes en la economía gallega y compostelana. Durante los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevas y exitosas políticas turísticas para diversificar la oferta turística de Santiago y al mismo tiempo para renovar su imagen. En la actualidad, Santiago deja de ser sólo meta religiosa o de peregrinaje, y la presencia turística es cada vez más internacional; por su parte las motivaciones de viaje se van diversificando. Para comprobar el éxito de estas políticas hacia el exterior, el presente trabajo toma en consideración la imagen que la ciudad de Santiago proyecta hacia el mercado italiano (uno de los más importantes en la actualidad gracias a un trabajo de campo mediante encuestas y entrevistas dirigido a los turistas italianos en Santiago.

Avaliação de uma técnica para geração de modelos digitais de superfície utilizando múltiplas imagens

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Raquel Alves de Oliveira

Full Text Available A utilização de imagens ópticas para a geração de Modelos Digitais de Superfície (MDSs é explorada há muitos anos e os resultados dependem, além das características do projeto (resolução das imagens, tamanho da área de sobreposição entre as imagens, etc, das técnicas de correspondência de imagens aplicadas e da capacidade computacional para o processamento das imagens. Os pontos gerados com erros no processo de correspondência influenciam diretamente a qualidade dos produtos obtidos e, consequentemente, aumentam a necessidade da etapa onerosa de edição. O objetivo deste trabalho é a avaliação da técnica de geração de MDSs utilizando a correspondência simultânea entre múltiplas imagens pelo método de busca em linhas verticais (Vertical Line Locus-VLL. Nos experimentos foram utilizadas seis imagens da área urbana de Presidente Prudente-SP, com elemento de resolução aproximado de 7cm. Para análise da qualidade foram gerados MDSs de uma pequena área contendo áreas homogêneas, padrão repetitivo, objetos em movimento incluindo sombras e árvores grandes. O MDS obtido foi comparado com dados de varredura a LASER (Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation e com o MDS gerado pelo software Leica Photogrammetric Suite (LPS. Os resultados mostraram a compatibilidade da qualidade entre os modelos gerados pela técnica implementada e os dados de referência.

Avaliação da simetria craniana através de imagens de TC cone beam = Cranial symmetry assessment through cone-beam CT images

OpenAIRE

Vilella, Oswaldo de Vasconcellos; Rothier, Eduardo Kant Colunga; Vilella, Beatriz de Souza

2014-01-01

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os lados direito e esquerdo de indivíduos que apresentavam simetria craniana através de 2 imagens geradas pela tomografia computadorizada cone beam (TCCB). Métodos: A amostra consistiu de 35 imagens obtidas pelo tomógrafo 3D-i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International Inc. , Hatfield, USA), sendo 13 de indivíduos do gênero masculino e 22 do gênero feminino, com idades variando de 8 a 64 anos, que apresentavam simetria facial aceitável. As imagens...

Technological advances in Preclinical Molecular Imaging; Avances tecnológicos en Imagen Molecular Preclínica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peña-Zalbidea, S.; Vaquero, J.

2014-07-01

Molecular imaging is undergoing an intense activity, mainly due to the availability of new detection and image reconstruction technologies, which in recent years have improved significantly both the resolution and sensitivity of these methods. The greatest potential for innovation comes from multimodality imaging, which combines information from more than one imaging technique and exploits the synergies between them. The main arguments in favour of these devices are the possibility of performing intrinsically registered scans in a minimum time and without moving the animal. Currently, the combination of PET and MRI as a hybrid imaging modality is receiving great attention and although its potential is clear, as it was with the PET/CT, this technology will have to overcome certain limitations and demonstrate its value for different applications. [Spanish] La imagen molecular es un área de investigación muy activa acelerada en los últimos años por la disponibilidad de nuevas tecnologías de detección y reconstrucción de imágenes. Estas innovaciones han permitido mejorar considerablemente tanto la resolución como la sensibilidad de las imágenes obtenidas sobre modelos preclínicos desarrollados en pequeños animales (ratón y rata principalmente). El mayor potencial de esta tecnología proviene de la imagen multimodalidad, que combina información de más de una técnica de imagen y explota las posibles sinergias entre ellas al integrar en una sola imagen “forma y función”. Los principales argumentos a favor de estos dispositivos multimodales son la posibilidad de hacer las exploraciones intrínsecamente registradas en un tiempo reducido, y sin necesidad de mover el animal entre diferentes equipos. De todas las posibles combinaciones la que está reclamando más la atención últimamente es la PET/IRM (tomografía por emisión de positrones e imagen de resonancia magnética), aunque de momento la PET/CT (tomografía por emisión de positrones y tomograf

Aborto e corporalidade: sofrimento e violência nas disputas morais através de imagens

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Naara Luna

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa representações do aborto por meio do discurso e imagens contidas em documentários. Na controvérsia do aborto no espaço público, grupos alinhados pró-vida e pró-escolha buscam o audiovisual como meio de propagar suas mensagens políticas. A retórica visual pró-vida recorre a imagens de diferentes estágios do desenvolvimento para provar a individualidade de embriões e fetos e sua condição de pessoa dotada de direitos. O movimento pró-escolha constrói seu discurso por meio de relatos de pessoas que passaram pela experiência do aborto, enfatizando o sofrimento e a violência da criminalização e da clandestinidade. O foco é a mulher como sujeito moral. A exceção está no tópico da anencefalia, quando imagens são usadas para representar a figura do "bebê sem cérebro" inviável. A partir do sofrimento e da violência, fetos e mulheres são apresentados como vítimas pelos diferentes lados da disputa, modo de reivindicar acesso a direitos.

Música e dor crônica músculoesquelética: o potencial evocativo de imagens mentais

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Leão Eliseth Ribeiro

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Noventa mulheres com diagnósticos de fibromialgia, lesão por esforços repetitivos/doenças osteoarticulares, relacionadas ao trabalho (LER/DORT, e afecções relacionadas à coluna vertebral foram submetidas à audição individual de três peças musicais. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e a intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela escala numérica verbal (0-10 antes e ao término da audição musical. As imagens mentais foram quantificadas mediante a análise de desenhos realizados durante cada audição. Os três grupos apresentaram redução estatisticamente significativa da intensidade da dor ao final da audição musical (p<0,001. As imagens mentais não diferiram quantitativamente, entre Ravel e Wagner. O Mix apresentou resultados quantitativamente inferiores. As estruturas musicais se relacionaram à produção de imagens e o efeito terapêutico observado, sugerindo que análises nesse sentido podem contribuir para a utilização da música pela Enfermagem.

Imagens no calor da hora ou a Fênix renascida da imagem documental

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Kati Caetano

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Apesar da freqüente discussão, tanto nos meios acadêmicos quanto nos midiáticos, envolvendo a crise da imagem documental, na esteira da propalada crise da cultura documental como um todo, não há como negar a proliferação de imagens e o incremento de uma produção assumida com esse propósito no universo das relações comunicacionais, seja ele impresso ou digital. Se, no domínio da arte, a ação hegemônica contemporânea consiste na desestabilização figurativa das imagens, do lado das mídias de produção massiva, afirma-se a sua estabilização como condição fundante do ato de documentar. Este trabalho não visa abordar as várias concepções de documental, porque parte do pressuposto de que esse aspecto se apresenta como resultado de estratégias figurativo-enunciativas de “fazer crer”, responsáveis por múltiplos regimes de sentido. De suas escolhas e agenciamentos decorrem modalidades interacionais amparadas na mediatez ou imediatez dos processos compreensivos, num sistema de valores condicionantes do ato comunicativo que coloca em evidência as funções prática, cognitiva, afetiva ou fiduciária (calcada em regimes de crença das mediações simbólicas. A questão mais geral que norteia o presente texto é indagar como as diferentes mídias, do fotográfico ao virtual, operam com essas imagens e que tipos de implicações comunicacionais promovem.

Imagen. Diseño gráfico e industrial de América Latina

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Revista Chasqui

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Extractamos las conclusiones y recomendaciones del Encuentro sobre Diseño Gráfico e Industrial de América Latina organizado por el Centro Imagen Latinoamericana, Sao Paulo, Brasil, 1986.

Transformada fraccional de Fourier en el caso de un plano imagen inclinado Fraccional Fourier transform in the case of an inclined image plane

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Y Torres

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La conocida fórmula de difracción de Fresnel relaciona la distribución de amplitud compleja de una onda en el plano objeto (campo ondulatorio de entrada con la distribución de amplitud compleja de la onda en el plano imagen(campo ondulatorio de salida cuando se trata de propagación en el espaciolibre; esto significa que si los planos objeto e imagen son paralelos entre sí, el sistema imagen correspondiente se dice que es un sistema lineal invariantea desplazamiento (LSI. Esta propiedad ventajosa es esencial para el desarrollo de técnicas de imagen sensitivas a fase; sin embargo, si el plano imagen está inclinado con respecto al haz incidente, la distancia efectiva de propagación cambiará sobre el plano imagen, consecuentemente el sistema imagen será no invariante a desplazamiento. En este artículo es propuesta una extensión del formalismo de la difracción de Fresnel al caso de un plano imageninclinado utilizando la transformada de Fourier de orden fraccional.The well-known Fresnel integral relates a known complex wave defined in the object plane (the input wave field to the observable complex wave (the output wave field defined in the image plane after free-space propagation; this means that if the object and image plane are parallel to each other, corresponding imaging system is said to be linear-shift-invariant (LSI. This advantageous property was essential for the development of phase sensitive imaging techniques; however, if the image plane is inclined with respect to the incident beam, the effective propagation distance will vary over the image plane, consequently, the imaging system is not shiftinvariant. In this paper an extension of the theoretical formalism of Fresnel diffraction to the case of an inclined image plane is proposed using the fractional Fourier transform.

PRODUÇÃO DE MATERIAL INSTRUCIONAL PARA O ENSINO DA RADIOLOGIA POR MEIO DA DIGITALIZAÇÃO DE IMAGENS

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Geraldeli Flávio E.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Criou-se um banco de dados usando a digitalização de imagens radiográficas para salvá-las da deterioração do tempo e, também, tornar mais ágil sua manipulação pelos profissionais que as utilizam. Foi criado um banco de dados que torna possível o armazenamento dos dados clínicos de cada paciente e, vinculadas a esses dados, suas respectivas imagens digitalizadas, com o propósito de ensino e pesquisa. Os elementos que compõem o banco de dados foram determinados por meio de pesquisa feita com os professores do Departamento de Radiologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Conseguiu-se elaborar um sistema que contém dados e imagens, de baixo custo e de fácil manipulação por parte dos usuários.

Fire monitoring capability of the joint Landsat and Sentinel 2 constellation

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, S.; Wright, R.

2017-12-01

Fires are a global hazard. Landsat and Sentinel 2 can monitor the Earth's surface every 2 - 4 days. This provides an important opportunity to complement the operational (lower resolution) fire monitoring systems. Landsat-class sensors can detect small fires that would be missed by MODIS-classed sensors. All large fires start out as small fires. We analyze fire patterns in California from 1984 to 2017 and compare the performance of Landsat-type and MODIS-type sensors. Had an operational Landsat-Sentinel 2 fire detection system been in place at the time of the Soberanes fire last year (i.e. August 2016), the cost of suppressing of this fire event (US $236 million) could potentially have been reduced by an order of magnitude.

Cloud detection algorithm comparison and validation for operational Landsat data products

Science.gov (United States)

Foga, Steven Curtis; Scaramuzza, Pat; Guo, Song; Zhu, Zhe; Dilley, Ronald; Beckmann, Tim; Schmidt, Gail L.; Dwyer, John L.; Hughes, MJ; Laue, Brady

2017-01-01

Clouds are a pervasive and unavoidable issue in satellite-borne optical imagery. Accurate, well-documented, and automated cloud detection algorithms are necessary to effectively leverage large collections of remotely sensed data. The Landsat project is uniquely suited for comparative validation of cloud assessment algorithms because the modular architecture of the Landsat ground system allows for quick evaluation of new code, and because Landsat has the most comprehensive manual truth masks of any current satellite data archive. Currently, the Landsat Level-1 Product Generation System (LPGS) uses separate algorithms for determining clouds, cirrus clouds, and snow and/or ice probability on a per-pixel basis. With more bands onboard the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)/Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) satellite, and a greater number of cloud masking algorithms, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is replacing the current cloud masking workflow with a more robust algorithm that is capable of working across multiple Landsat sensors with minimal modification. Because of the inherent error from stray light and intermittent data availability of TIRS, these algorithms need to operate both with and without thermal data. In this study, we created a workflow to evaluate cloud and cloud shadow masking algorithms using cloud validation masks manually derived from both Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM +) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data. We created a new validation dataset consisting of 96 Landsat 8 scenes, representing different biomes and proportions of cloud cover. We evaluated algorithm performance by overall accuracy, omission error, and commission error for both cloud and cloud shadow. We found that CFMask, C code based on the Function of Mask (Fmask) algorithm, and its confidence bands have the best overall accuracy among the many algorithms tested using our validation data. The Artificial Thermal-Automated Cloud Cover Algorithm (AT-ACCA) is the most accurate

Landsat Remote Sensing Data as an Alternative Approach for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Rungwe Volcanic Province (RVP) is mostly covered by extrusive rocks that overlain the Precambrian basement. The use of Landsat data in this area has revealed the need of effective use of these data in geological mapping programs in Tanzania. Landsat band ratios 5/1, 3/7, 5/7 and 5/4 as well as R: G: B composite ...

Evolução e mapeamento do uso da terra, através de imagens aerofotogramétricas e orbitais em Santa Bárbara D'Oeste (SP Land use mapping and evolution through aerial photographs and orbital images, in Santa Bárbara D'Oeste (SP

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M.H. Borges

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Em Santa Bárbara D'Oeste,SP, foram realizados dois mapeamentos do uso da terra em área de 14.625 ha. No primeiro utilizou-se fotografias aéreas verticais pancromáticas (data de 25/6/78, na escala 1:35.000, e no segundo utilizou-se imagens orbitais do satélite LANDSAT-5 com sensor "Thematic Mapper" (data de 12/8/91, escala 1: 100.000, nas bandas 3, 4 e 5 e composição colorida 3/4/5. Para auxiliar a confecção desses mapas, obteve-se chaves de interpretação, tanto para as aerofotos como para as imagens orbitais. As fotografias aéreas proporcionaram um maior nível de detalhamento na identificação do uso da terra. A banda 3 e a composição colorida 3/4/5 foram as mais eficientes entre as imagens orbitais. Entre 1978 e 1991, a área de ocorrência de cana-de-açúcar permaneceu a mesma, as áreas de mata e pastagem diminuíram, enquanto que as áreas de reflorestamento e urbana aumentaram. Essa região teve sua capacidade de uso enquadrada, na maior parte, na classe IV: terras mais apropriadas para pastagens ou plantas perenes como a cana-de-açúcar, devendo-se aplicar técnicas intensivas de conservação, e com aptidão baseada em práticas agrícolas que refletem um alto nível tecnológico.Land use was studied in Santa Bárbara D'Oeste,SP in an area of 14,625 ha. Two land use mappings were made using pancromatic aerial photographs (date 25/6/78, in a scale of 1:35,000 and orbital images from LANDSAT-5 satellite (date 12/8/91 in a scale 1:100,000, at bands 3, 4 and 5 and color composition 3/4/5. Interpretation keys for aerial photos and orbital images were established to assist map making. For land use identification photos presented more details. On the other hand, orbital images at band 3 and color composition 3/4/5 were more efficient in relation to the other bands. Sugar cane crop area did not change in the studied period (1978-1991, forest and pasture areas had a reduction and urban areas increased. Using the land capability

Poética da rua : estética do meio ambiente urbano em imagens de cineastas negros

OpenAIRE

Feitosa, Aida Rodrigues

2016-01-01

O presente trabalho é um esforço de elaboração de uma poética da rua a partir de imagens de filmes de cineastas negros. O objetivo é construir uma experiência visual poética singular, destacando a centralidade do espaço rua, como parte de um caminho de abertura poética às imagens fílmicas em sua relação com diferentes estéticas. Para tal investida, o referencial teórico é a fenomenologia, principalmente, a partir de estudos de Gaston Bachelard (2008) e Michel Maffesoli (2008). O recorte metod...

Tecnología y estética los motions graphics como como exponente de la imagen interfaz /

OpenAIRE

Ràfols Cabrisses, Rafael

2016-01-01

El objeto de estudio de esta tesis son los motion graphics (MG), el género audiovisual nacido con la tecnología audiovisual digital y que es resultado de la introducción de la cultura gráfica en la imagen en movimiento. Es un formato que incorpora desde expresiones netamente artísticas hasta aquellas que con carácter funcional constituyen el diseño audiovisual. Sus formatos más característicos son: los títulos de crédito de las películas, la publicidad, los videoclips, la imagen de los canale...

Regímenes de poder y tecnologías de la imagen. Foucault y los estudios visuales

OpenAIRE

León Mantilla, Christian Manuel

2014-01-01

Este ensayo analiza los legados del pensamiento de Michel Foucault para el estudio de las prácticas visuales, la mirada y las tecnologías de la imagen. A partir la recepción de Foucault en el campo de los estudios visuales, me interesa reflexionar sobre cómo la imagen y la mirada se inscriben dentro de una red de relaciones, saberes, tecnologías, normativas e instituciones que develan formas de operación del poder y de construcción de los sujetos. Para empezar, pongo en diálogo conceptos como...

Análise Multitemporal da Cobertura Florestal da Microbacia do Arroio Grande, Santa Maria, RS Multitemporal Analysis of Forest Cover in the Arroio Grande Small Hydrological Basin, Santa Maria, RS

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Joel Juliano Kleinpaul

2011-03-01

Full Text Available

Remote sensing of species diversity using Landsat 8 spectral variables

Science.gov (United States)

Madonsela, Sabelo; Cho, Moses Azong; Ramoelo, Abel; Mutanga, Onisimo

2017-11-01

The application of remote sensing in biodiversity estimation has largely relied on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI exploits spectral information from red and near infrared bands of Landsat images and it does not consider canopy background conditions hence it is affected by soil brightness which lowers its sensitivity to vegetation. As such NDVI may be insufficient in explaining tree species diversity. Meanwhile, the Landsat program also collects essential spectral information in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region which is related to plant properties. The study was intended to: (i) explore the utility of spectral information across Landsat-8 spectrum using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and estimate alpha diversity (α-diversity) in the savannah woodland in southern Africa, and (ii) define the species diversity index (Shannon (H‧), Simpson (D2) and species richness (S) - defined as number of species in a community) that best relates to spectral variability on the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager dataset. We designed 90 m × 90 m field plots (n = 71) and identified all trees with a diameter at breast height (DbH) above 10 cm. H‧, D2 and S were used to quantify tree species diversity within each plot and the corresponding spectral information on all Landsat-8 bands were extracted from each field plot. A stepwise linear regression was applied to determine the relationship between species diversity indices (H‧, D2 and S) and Principal Components (PCs), vegetation indices and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture layers with calibration (n = 46) and test (n = 23) datasets. The results of regression analysis showed that the Simple Ratio Index derivative had a higher relationship with H‧, D2 and S (r2= 0.36; r2= 0.41; r2= 0.24 respectively) compared to NDVI, EVI, SAVI or their derivatives. Moreover the Landsat-8 derived PCs also had a higher relationship with H‧ and D2 (r2 of 0.36 and 0.35 respectively) than the

Contribuciones del protocolo a la creación de la imagen de las autoridades en España

OpenAIRE

Cuadrado Esclapez, Carmen

2017-01-01

El propósito de esta investigación es demostrar cómo el protocolo, elemento decisivo para alcanzar los objetivos comunicacionales de los objetos sobre los que opera –los actos públicos–, contribuye a la construcción de la imagen pública del sujeto protagonista de esos actos. La creación y transmisión de una determinada imagen mediática en coherencia con unos objetivos previamente definidos requiere un plan de comunicación estratégico, del cual el protocolo es parte fundamental. El protocolo s...

Modelo para gestionar la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones a través de la rentabilidad, adaptabilidad e imagen

OpenAIRE

Miguel Blázquez; María Florencia Peretti

2012-01-01

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una herramienta denominada hexágono de imagen que, junto con la herramienta de los hexágonos de utilidad-rentabilidad, desarrollada anteriormente, pretende servir de soporte a la gestión de la sustentabilidad, en pos de lograr un equilibrio dinámico entre ambos aspectos: rentabilidad e imagen. La metodología empleada comprende una síntesis del marco teórico de la investigación, consistente en una revisión bibliográfica y posterior propuesta so...

Apropiación por la mirada, La paradoja de la "huella digital" en la imagen fotográfica

OpenAIRE

Vélez Salazar, Gabriel Mario

2003-01-01

La imagen fotográfica, por la forma como se produce su génesis técnica, se ha relacionado con la huella y el efecto indicial que supone . No obstante con la llegada de la imagen digital y el cambio de naturaleza asociado, ¿es acaso posible sostener mismo principio? The photographical image, because of the way its technical genesis is produced, has been related with the prints and the sign effects it supposes. Nonetheless, with the arrival of the digital image and the nature change as...

Influencia de la imagen corporal y la autoestima en la experiencia sexual de estudiantes universitarias sin trastornos alimentarios

OpenAIRE

María Calado Otero; María Lameiras Fernández; Yolanda Rodríguez Castro

2004-01-01

En este estudio se evalúa la relación que tienen diversas variables de la imagen corporal cognitivas (miedo a ganar peso, distorsión de la imagen corporal e insatisfacción corporal) y perceptivas (índice de masa corporal y autopercepción de atractivo) junto con la autoestima sobre la actividad sexual (nivel de experiencia sexual y actividad sexual en la actualidad, edad de la primera relación sexual coital, número de parejas sexuales coitales y satisfacción de las relaciones se...

Feocromocitoma bilateral: la importancia de los estudios de diagnóstico por imagen

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Igor I. Bonnet, MD

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un caso clínico poco frecuente de feocromocitoma bilateral, en el cual los estudios de diagnóstico por imagen, tanto de información estructural como funcional, constituyeron una fuente fundamental para su detección y seguimiento.

“Dime cómo vendes y te diré quién eres”: actividades de imagen e identidad en la publicidad de Yoigo

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Vizcaíno María José García

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza los anuncios de televisión y prensa de la compañía española de telefonía móvil Yoigo para explorar cómo la publicidad usa la apelación emocional para persuadir al consumidor a adquirir un servicio. El marco teórico se basa, por una parte, en el concepto de efecto social del acto comunicativo (Bravo, 2008. The implications of studying politeness in Spanish-speaking contexts: a discussion. Pragmatics, 18 (4: 577–603 y el de actividad de imagen (Hernández Flores, 2013. Actividad de imagen: caracterización y tipología en la interacción comunicativa. Pragmática Sociocultural, 1(2: 175–198, entendiendo la imagen social desde las categorías básicas de autonomía y afiliación (Bravo, 1999. ¿Imagen “positiva” vs. imagen “negativa”?: Pragmática sociocultural y componentes de face. Oralia, 2: 155–184 con sus manifestaciones grupal e individual (Bravo, 1999; 2002. Actos asertivos y cortesía: Imagen del rol en el discurso de académicos argentinos. En D. Bravo y M. E. Placencia (Eds., Actos de habla y cortesía en el español (pp. 141–174. Munich: Lincom Europa. Por otro lado, se parte de las propuestas de identidad de Spencer-Oatey (2007, 2010. Theories of identity and the analysis of face. Journal of Pragmatics, 39, 639–656; Face, identity and interactional goals. En F. Bargiela-Chiappini y M. Haugh (eds., Face, Communication and Social Interaction (pp. 137–154 y los tipos de valores centrales e individuales de los que se nutren tanto la imagen social como la identidad (Schwartz y Bardi, 2001. Value hierarquies across cultures. Take a similarities perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(3, 268-290. Los resultados de los análisis demuestran que en los anuncios de Yoigo los valores de honestidad y originalidad están presentes en las estrategias comunicativas elegidas, lo que supone una serie de actividades de imagen (del tipo de autoimagen, cortesía y descortesía donde la afiliaci

Multitemporal Snow Cover Mapping in Mountainous Terrain for Landsat Climate Data Record Development

Science.gov (United States)

Crawford, Christopher J.; Manson, Steven M.; Bauer, Marvin E.; Hall, Dorothy K.

2013-01-01

A multitemporal method to map snow cover in mountainous terrain is proposed to guide Landsat climate data record (CDR) development. The Landsat image archive including MSS, TM, and ETM+ imagery was used to construct a prototype Landsat snow cover CDR for the interior northwestern United States. Landsat snow cover CDRs are designed to capture snow-covered area (SCA) variability at discrete bi-monthly intervals that correspond to ground-based snow telemetry (SNOTEL) snow-water-equivalent (SWE) measurements. The June 1 bi-monthly interval was selected for initial CDR development, and was based on peak snowmelt timing for this mountainous region. Fifty-four Landsat images from 1975 to 2011 were preprocessed that included image registration, top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance conversion, cloud and shadow masking, and topographic normalization. Snow covered pixels were retrieved using the normalized difference snow index (NDSI) and unsupervised classification, and pixels having greater (less) than 50% snow cover were classified presence (absence). A normalized SCA equation was derived to independently estimate SCA given missing image coverage and cloud-shadow contamination. Relative frequency maps of missing pixels were assembled to assess whether systematic biases were embedded within this Landsat CDR. Our results suggest that it is possible to confidently estimate historical bi-monthly SCA from partially cloudy Landsat images. This multitemporal method is intended to guide Landsat CDR development for freshwaterscarce regions of the western US to monitor climate-driven changes in mountain snowpack extent.

A Cubesat enabled Spatio-Temporal Enhancement Method (CESTEM) utilizing Planet, Landsat and MODIS data

KAUST Repository

Houborg, Rasmus; McCabe, Matthew

2018-01-01

using a multi-scale target sampling scheme that draws Landsat 8 reference data from a series of scenes by using MODIS-consistent surface reflectance time series to quantify relative changes in Landsat-scale reflectances over given Landsat

Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) Dataset From Landsat

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) Dataset from Landsat is a global map of HBASE derived from the Global Land Survey (GLS) Landsat dataset for...

Landsat: A global land-imaging mission

Science.gov (United States)

,

2012-01-01

Across four decades since 1972, Landsat satellites have continuously acquired space-based images of the Earth's land surface, coastal shallows, and coral reefs. The Landsat Program, a joint effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), was established to routinely gather land imagery from space. NASA develops remote-sensing instruments and spacecraft, then launches and validates the performance of the instruments and satellites. The USGS then assumes ownership and operation of the satellites, in addition to managing all ground reception, data archiving, product generation, and distribution. The result of this program is a long-term record of natural and human induced changes on the global landscape.

LANDSAT-1 data, its use in a soil survey program

Science.gov (United States)

Westin, F. C.; Frazee, C. J.

1975-01-01

The following applications of LANDSAT imagery were investigated: assistance in recognizing soil survey boundaries, low intensity soil surveys, and preparation of a base map for publishing thematic soils maps. The following characteristics of LANDSAT imagery were tested as they apply to the recognition of soil boundaries in South Dakota and western Minnesota: synoptic views due to the large areas covered, near-orthography and lack of distortion, flexibility of selecting the proper season, data recording in four parts of the spectrum, and the use of computer compatible tapes. A low intensity soil survey of Pennington County, South Dakota was completed in 1974. Low intensity inexpensive soil surveys can provide the data needed to evaluate agricultural land for the remaining counties until detailed soil surveys are completed. In using LANDSAT imagery as a base map for publishing thematic soil maps, the first step was to prepare a mosaic with 20 LANDSAT scenes from several late spring passes in 1973.

Las webs de las comunidades autónomas: Imagen corporativa y servicios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Sabés Turmo

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo ofrece un análisis de los portales web institucionales de las Comunidades Autónomas españolas, unas páginas en las que la comunicación corporativa se une a la necesidad de prestar servicios a los ciudadanos. Además, no hay que olvidar que la aprobación de la Ley 11/2007, de 22 de junio, de acceso electrónico de los ciudadanos a los Servicios Públicos, supone una auténtica revolución en cuanto a la oferta de servicios desde estos portales. Estas páginas se convierten en la puerta de entrada de los ciudadanos a las Instituciones y suponen un elemento vital en la imagen que desde ellas se quiere proyectar. De todos modos, estamos ya en una fase mucho más avanzada, en la que la imagen corporativa ha de ir de la mano con los servicios de e-Administración que se deben ir implementando en todas las Instituciones públicas.

A CIDADE VERDE, IMAGENS E DISCURSOS: O CASO DE MARINGÁ (PR BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Clair BOVO

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A presente pesquisa tem como propósito/intenção apresentar uma breve reflexão referente à imagem da “cidade verde” que predomina no município de Maringá-PR, destacando a concepção de cidade jardim, as imagens e os discursos que vinculam na mídia, seguidas das principais propostas implantadas no município referente à legislação ambiental. Desta forma buscamos investigar a ação do marketing “Maringá Cidade Verde”, por meio das propagandas, reportagens de revistas de circulação nacional, e dos discursos vinculados pelo poder público referente à imagem e a forma urbana dos projetos que estimulam a valorização imobiliária da cidade de Maringá. As imagens produzidas aparecem com intencionalidades específicas utilizando principalmente suas áreas verdes como ícones de divulgação, ou seja, os parques, as praças e suas amplas ruas arborizadas como sinônimo de qualidade ambiental.

Circo tradicional en Chile. Forma de vida y la imagen del arte

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Milenko Lasnibat

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A pesar de sus peculiaridades, suele pensarse que el circo es un arte como el teatro o la danza. Bajo esta consideración, surge la tentación de utilizar la imagen del arte par a asir lo que ocurre en el circo tradicional. En el presente artículo esa tentación se pone en cuestión mediante la descripción de algunos rasgos relativos a la forma de vida de quienes pertenecen al circo tradicional en Chile. Con ello, mi objetivo no es confrontar el uso que con fines prácticos pueda hacerse de la afinidad que existe entre el circo y el arte, sino mostrar los límites que tiene la imagen del arte al momento de aproximarse al circo tradicional con intereses cognoscitivos. A partir de esa di scusión, se sostiene que una manera más adecuada de entender las dinámicas relativas al circo tradicional radica en la figura del gremio.

VER PARA CRER: A ARTE DE OLHAR E A FILOSOFIA DAS IMAGENS

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Eduardo Pellejero

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Retomada de forma dogmática, a tematizaçãoplatónica da pintura projeta sobre a produção e a contemplaçãode imagens atributos de irrealidade, irracionalidade epassividade, fazendo do olhar o oposto de conhecer e o opostode atuar, uma aceitação acrítica das aparências, coisa decrianças. O presente artigo pretende problematizar essa tradiçãoiconoclasta, colocando em causa os seus pressupostos filosóficose explorando a potência das imagens da arte e do olhar crítico.Dialogando com as obras de Merleau-Ponty, Berger, Damish,Didi-Huberman, Manguel e Rancière, aspira a mostrar que osolhares do pintor e do espectador estão longe de deixar-sereduzir às simplificações platónicas, dando lugar a uma dialéticacrítica e criativa que desconhece qualquer distinção entreaparência e realidade, entre passividade e atividade, e, emúltima instância, entre interpretar e transformar o mundo.

Manual de utilização de ferramenta do Centro Comum de Investigação para validação das mudanças da cobertura vegetal e do uso da terra

OpenAIRE

SIMONETTI Dario; BEUCHLE Rene'; EVA Hugh; STROPP CARNEIRO JULIANA

2012-01-01

O projeto TREES-3 do CCI tem como objetivo avaliar mudanças da cobertura vegetal na região tropical que ocorreram entre 1990 e 2000, e entre 2000-(2005)-2010. Para isto, foram processadas e avaliadas mudanças da cobertura vegetal em uma grande quantidade de imagens de satélite multi-temporais de resolução espacial média (unidades amostrais de 20 km x 20 km de imagens Landsat). Desta forma, o projeto TREES-3 busca avaliar para cada uma das unidades amostrais a cobertura florestal e as mudanças...

La imagen transformadora. El poder de cambio social de una fotografía: la muerte de Aylan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo plantea el papel de la imagen como agente de transformación social. La metodología que se emplea es un estudio de caso sobre el impacto de la fotografía de Aylan Kurdi, el niño de tres años ahogado en el intento de huida en una balsa de inmigrantes sirios en Bodrum. Se trata de uno de los documentos recientes de fotoperiodismo social más difundidos transnacionalmente y con gran impacto en redes sociales. El estudio aborda diferentes niveles de análisis (iconográfico, iconológico y ético para decapar los aspectos constitutivos de una imagen con poder de cambio social. Como principales conclusiones, esta investigación comprueba el poder de la imagen gráfica digital por su carácter de fácil reedición y resignificación en el paso de transformar simbólicamente la realidad y generar procesos de pronunciamiento y activismo en la ciudadanía a partir de entornos digitales. Los resultados del análisis del caso que se delimita muestran cómo el valor de una imagen en el cambio social no viene dado solo por la magnitud de la tragedia o el hecho que registra, ni por sus aspectos formales (iconográficos, sino por ser capaz de expresar un cambio de lógica (aspecto iconológico y propiciar procesos de reapropiación y denuncia ciudadana. Por último, el debate ético sobre su difusión traslada el problema de la deontología periodística a la responsabilidad ciudadana.

2017 Landsat Science Team Summer Meeting Summary

Science.gov (United States)

Crawford, Christopher J.; Loveland, Thomas R.; Wulder, Michael A.; Irons, James R.

2018-01-01

The summer meeting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) was held June 11-13, 2017, at the USGS’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center near Sioux Falls, SD. This was the final meeting of the Second (2012-2017) LST.1 Frank Kelly [EROS—Center Director] welcomed the attendees and expressed his thanks to the LST members for their contributions. He then introduced video-recorded messages from South Dakota’s U.S. senators, John Thune and Mike Rounds, in which they acknowledged the efforts of the team in advancing the societal impacts of the Landsat Program.

Principles of computer processing of Landsat data for geologic applications

Science.gov (United States)

Taranik, James V.

1978-01-01

The main objectives of computer processing of Landsat data for geologic applications are to improve display of image data to the analyst or to facilitate evaluation of the multispectral characteristics of the data. Interpretations of the data are made from enhanced and classified data by an analyst trained in geology. Image enhancements involve adjustments of brightness values for individual picture elements. Image classification involves determination of the brightness values of picture elements for a particular cover type. Histograms are used to display the range and frequency of occurrence of brightness values. Landsat-1 and -2 data are preprocessed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to adjust for the detector response of the multispectral scanner (MSS). Adjustments are applied to minimize the effects of striping, adjust for bad-data lines and line segments and lost individual pixel data. Because illumination conditions and landscape characteristics vary considerably and detector response changes with time, the radiometric adjustments applied at GSFC are seldom perfect and some detector striping remain in Landsat data. Rotation of the Earth under the satellite and movements of the satellite platform introduce geometric distortions in the data that must also be compensated for if image data are to be correctly displayed to the data analyst. Adjustments to Landsat data are made to compensate for variable solar illumination and for atmospheric effects. GeoMetric registration of Landsat data involves determination of the spatial location of a pixel in. the output image and the determination of a new value for the pixel. The general objective of image enhancement is to optimize display of the data to the analyst. Contrast enhancements are employed to expand the range of brightness values in Landsat data so that the data can be efficiently recorded in a manner desired by the analyst. Spatial frequency enhancements are designed to enhance boundaries between features

Users, uses, and value of Landsat satellite imagery: results from the 2012 survey of users

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Holly M.; Richardson, Leslie A.; Koontz, Stephen R.; Loomis, John; Koontz, Lynne

2013-01-01

Landsat satellites have been operating since 1972, providing a continuous global record of the Earth’s land surface. The imagery is currently available at no cost through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Social scientists at the USGS Fort Collins Science Center conducted an extensive survey in early 2012 to explore who uses Landsat imagery, how they use the imagery, and what the value of the imagery is to them. The survey was sent to all users registered with USGS who had accessed Landsat imagery in the year prior to the survey and over 11,000 current Landsat imagery users responded. The results of the survey revealed that respondents from many sectors use Landsat imagery in myriad project locations and scales, as well as application areas. The value of Landsat imagery to these users was demonstrated by the high importance of and dependence on the imagery, the numerous environmental and societal benefits observed from projects using Landsat imagery, the potential negative impacts on users’ work if Landsat imagery was no longer available, and the substantial aggregated annual economic benefit from the imagery. These results represent only the value of Landsat to users registered with USGS; further research would help to determine what the value of the imagery is to a greater segment of the population, such as downstream users of the imagery and imagery-derived products.

Kerr Reservoir LANDSAT experiment analysis for March 1981

Science.gov (United States)

Lecroy, S. R. (Principal Investigator)

1982-01-01

LANDSAT radiance data were used in an experiment conducted on the waters of Kerr Reservoir to determine if reliable algorithms could be developed that relate water quality parameters to remotely sensed data. A mix of different types of algorithms using the LANDSAT bands was generated to provide a thorough understanding of the relationships among the data involved. Except for secchi depth, the study demonstrated that for the ranges measured, the algorithms that satisfactorily represented the data encompass a mix of linear and nonlinear forms using only one LANDSAT band. Ratioing techniques did not improve the results since the initial design of the experiment minimized the errors against which this procedure is effective. Good correlations were found for total suspended solids, iron, turbidity, and secchi depth. Marginal correlations were discovered for nitrate and tannin + lignin. Quantification maps of Kerr Reservoir are presented for many of the water quality parameters using the developed algorithms.

La publicidad y el enfoque de la imagen femenina

OpenAIRE

Sánchez-Aranda, J.J. (José Javier)

2003-01-01

Desde hace años se ha reivindicado la necesidad de que la publicidad presente una imagen de la mujer más adecuada a la realidad presente. A partir de la Teoría del Enfoque se pueden esclarecer algunos conceptos fundamentales que ayuden a resolver algunas de los problemas planteados con esas protestas. Tras presentar los puntos más controvertidos que suelen destacarse y aplicar la Teoría del Enfoque al ámbito específico de la publicidad, se intenta delimitar los aspectos centrales de la polémi...

Geologic mapping using LANDSAT data

Science.gov (United States)

Siegal, B. S.; Abrams, M. J.

1976-01-01

The feasibility of automated classification for lithologic mapping with LANDSAT digital data was evaluated using three classification algorithms. The two supervised algorithms analyzed, a linear discriminant analysis algorithm and a hybrid algorithm which incorporated the Parallelepiped algorithm and the Bayesian maximum likelihood function, were comparable in terms of accuracy; however, classification was only 50 per cent accurate. The linear discriminant analysis algorithm was three times as efficient as the hybrid approach. The unsupervised classification technique, which incorporated the CLUS algorithm, delineated the major lithologic boundaries and, in general, correctly classified the most prominent geologic units. The unsupervised algorithm was not as efficient nor as accurate as the supervised algorithms. Analysis of spectral data for the lithologic units in the 0.4 to 2.5 microns region indicated that a greater separability of the spectral signatures could be obtained using wavelength bands outside the region sensed by LANDSAT.

IMAGENS NO CALOR DA HORA OU A FÊNIX RENASCIDA DA IMAGEM DOCUMENTAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kati Caetano

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Apesar da freqüente discussão, tanto nos meios acadêmicos quanto nos midiáticos, envolvendo a crise da imagem documental, na esteira da propalada crise da cultura documental como um todo, não há como negar a proliferação de imagens e o incremento de uma produção assumida com esse propósito no universo das relações comunicacionais, seja ele impresso ou digital. Se, no domínio da arte, a ação hegemônica contemporânea consiste na desestabilização figurativa das imagens, do lado das mídias de produção massiva, afirma-se a sua estabilização como condiçãofundante do ato de documentar. Este trabalho não visa abordar as várias concepções de documental, porque parte do pressuposto de que esse aspecto se apresenta como resultado de estratégias figurativo-enunciativas de “fazer crer”, responsáveis por múltiplos regimes de sentido. De suas escolhas e agenciamentos decorrem modalidades interacionais amparadas na mediatez ou imediatez dos processos compreensivos, num sistema de valores condicionantes do ato comunicativo que coloca em evidência as funções prática, cognitiva, afetiva ou fiduciária (calcada em regimes de crençadas mediações simbólicas. A questão mais geral que norteia opresente texto é indagar como as diferentes mídias, do fotográfico ao virtual, operam com essas imagens e que tipos de implicações comunicacionais promovem.

La importancia de la comunicación no verbal en la configuración de la imagen corporativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Fanjul Peyró

2012-04-01

Full Text Available La creación de una imagen corporativa sólida, fuerte y positiva supone un trabajo de enriquecimiento constante de los valores y principios de base que definen la realidad de una organización, a los cuales debe ser fiel en todas sus manifestaciones comunicativas. Los componentes no verbales que rodean o configuran cualquiera de estas manifestaciones, emergen como piezas clave en la construcción de imagen, dado el peso pragmático de los mismos dentro del proceso sistémico que implica la formación del principal intangible corporativo.

Edén: relato, imagen y proyecto. El concepto de paraíso terrenal como generador de arquitecturas

OpenAIRE

Casha Vida, Stephanie

2016-01-01

Esta tesis, Edén: relato, imagen y proyecto. El concepto de Paraíso terrenal como generador de arquitecturas se realiza con el objetivo de estudiar los vínculos entre la idea de Edén, o Paraíso y la arquitectura. Siempre trabajando desde los tres niveles de representación, relato, imagen y proyecto. En la aproximación al objeto de estudio, se procede a estudiar el relato en sí, y se hallan, en la forma misma del relato, unas implicaciones relacionadas con el mundo mitológico y arquetípico. E...

Extensão do SGBD PostgreSQL para suportar recuperação de imagens por conteúdo

OpenAIRE

Melo, Ernani Viriato de

2006-01-01

Este projeto descreve uma extensão para o SGBDR PostgreSQL para suportar recuperação de imagens por conteúdo. Esta extensão, denominada PostgreSQL-IE, é independente de aplicação e possui as vantagens de ser portável e de ter o código aberto. A linguagem SQL estendida (SQL-IE), disponibilizada pelo PostgreSQL-IE, é composta por um conjunto de funções que inclui comandos para criar novas funções de extração do conteúdo das imagens, novos vetores de características com uma combin...

Assessing the value of Landsat imagery: Results from a 2012 comprehensive user survey

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, H. M.; Richardson, L.; Loomis, J.; Koontz, S.; Koontz, L.

2012-12-01

Landsat satellite imagery has long been recognized as unique among remotely sensed data due to the combination of its extensive archive, global coverage, and relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. Since the imagery became available at no cost in 2008, the number of users registered with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has increased tenfold while the number of scenes downloaded annually has increased a hundredfold. It is clear that the imagery is being used extensively, and understanding the benefits provided by this imagery can help inform decisions involving its provision. However, the value of Landsat imagery is difficult to measure for a variety of reasons, one of which stems from the fact that the imagery has characteristics of a public good and does not have a direct market price to reflect its value to society. Further, there is not a clear understanding of the full range of users of the imagery, as well as how these users are distributed across the many different end uses this data is applied to. To assess the value of Landsat imagery, we conducted a survey of users registered with USGS in early 2012. Over 11,000 current users of Landsat imagery responded to the survey. The value of the imagery was measured both qualitatively and quantitatively. To explore the qualitative value of the imagery, users were asked about the importance of the imagery to their work, their dependence on the imagery, and the impacts on their work if there was no Landsat imagery. The majority of users deemed Landsat imagery important to their work and stated they were dependent on Landsat imagery to do their work. Additionally, if Landsat imagery was no longer available, over half of the users would have to discontinue some of their work. On average, these users would discontinue half of their current work if the imagery was no longer available. The focus of this presentation will be the quantitative results of a double-bounded contingent valuation analysis which reveals

LBA-ECO LC-24 Landsat TM and ETM+ Land Cover, Southern Para, Brazil: 1984-2003

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This data set is a five-class land cover for Southern Para for the years 1984 (Landsat MSS), 1988 (Landsat TM), 1996, and 2003 (Landsat ETM+). The final...

LBA-ECO LC-24 Landsat TM and ETM+ Land Cover, Southern Para, Brazil: 1984-2003

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — ABSTRACT: This data set is a five-class land cover for Southern Para for the years 1984 (Landsat MSS), 1988 (Landsat TM), 1996, and 2003 (Landsat ETM+). The final...

Relación entre la imagen corporal y los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en una serie de jóvenes españoles y argentinos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marrodán, María D.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la conformidad con la imagen corporal y prevalencia de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA en una muestra de 517 jóvenes españoles y 490 argentinos. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC y se relacionó la imagen real con la estimada mediante un método gráfico de siluetas. Para conocer la conducta alimentaria se utilizó un el test psicométrico de respuesta múltiple. Respecto a la autopercepción no existen diferencias significativas en función del país de origen pero si hay diferencias de género. También se tuvieron en cuenta las preferencias por el sexo contrario, así como la imagen considerada más saludable. La insatisfacción con la propia imagen aparece como probable factor de predisposición al desarrollo de TCA, que presenta una frecuencia mas elevada en la serie femenina española.

Using ecological zones to increase the detail of Landsat classifications

Science.gov (United States)

Fox, L., III; Mayer, K. E.

1981-01-01

Changes in classification detail of forest species descriptions were made for Landsat data on 2.2 million acres in northwestern California. Because basic forest canopy structures may exhibit very similar E-M energy reflectance patterns in different environmental regions, classification labels based on Landsat spectral signatures alone become very generalized when mapping large heterogeneous ecological regions. By adding a seven ecological zone stratification, a 167% improvement in classification detail was made over the results achieved without it. The seven zone stratification is a less costly alternative to the inclusion of complex collateral information, such as terrain data and soil type, into the Landsat data base when making inventories of areas greater than 500,000 acres.

Filling Landsat ETM+ SLC-off gaps using a segmentation model approach

Science.gov (United States)

Maxwell, Susan

2004-01-01

The purpose of this article is to present a methodology for filling Landsat Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-off gaps with same-scene spectral data guided by a segmentation model. Failure of the SLC on the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instrument resulted in a loss of approximately 25 percent of the spectral data. The missing data span across most of the image with scan gaps varying in size from two pixels near the center of the image to 14 pixels along the east and west edges. Even with the scan gaps, the radiometric and geometric qualities of the remaining portions of the image still meet design specifications and therefore contain useful information (see http:// landsat7.usgs.gov for additional information). The U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center (EDC) is evaluating several techniques to fill the gaps in SLC-off data to enhance the usability of the imagery (Howard and Lacasse 2004) (PE&RS, August 2004). The method presented here uses a segmentation model approach that allows for same-scene spectral data to be used to fill the gaps. The segment model is generated from a complete satellite image with no missing spectral data (e.g., Landsat 5, Landsat 7 SLCon, SPOT). The model is overlaid on the Landsat SLC-off image, and the missing data within the gaps are then estimated using SLC-off spectral data that intersect the segment boundary. A major advantage of this approach is that the gaps are filled using spectral data derived from the same SLC-off satellite image.

La imagen del Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio Mario Rodríguez Devis

1991-07-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo extrae los principales puntos referentes al estudio de imagen de la Facultad de Ingenieria de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, y se centra en el departamento de Ingenieria Mecánica. El estudio fue contratado a finales de 1989, y coordinado por el autor; como parte de una estrategia de la Facultad de vincularse más activamente al sector productivo.

La imagen corporal en los ancianos: Estudio descriptivo Body image in older: Descriptive studie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen María Sarabia Cobo

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Estudio de corte transversal y descriptivo llevado a cabo en una residencia de mayores para la valoración de la imagen corporal (IC. Objetivo: determinar el autoconcepto de la imagen corporal en los mayores y la prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos asociados como depresión o anorexia. Sujetos y método: 198 mayores de 65 años procedentes de tres residencias. Se emplearon el Cuestionario BSQ (Body Shape Questionnarire y el test de Siluetas. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la historia clínica para detectar problemas psiquiátricos como depresión, ansiedad o anorexia nerviosa. Resultados: las personas con problemas psiquiátricos como depresión o ansiedad presentaron mayor insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, prevaleciendo en este caso las mujeres sobre los hombres, indiferentemente de la edad.Sectional study and descriptive conducted in a home for the elderly for the assessment of body image (CI. Objective: to determine the self-concept of Body Image in the elderly and the prevalence of associated psychiatric disorders such as depression or anorexia. Subjects and methods: 198 over 65 years, from three residences. Questionnaire were used BSQ (Body Shape Questionnarire and the Silhouettes test. Also carried out a systematic review of clinical history to detect psychiatric problems like depression, anxiety or anorexia nervosa. Results: people with psychiatric problems like depression or anxiety had higher body image dissatisfaction, to prevail in this case women over men, regardless of age.

Spectral Unmixing Analysis of Time Series Landsat 8 Images

Science.gov (United States)

Zhuo, R.; Xu, L.; Peng, J.; Chen, Y.

2018-05-01

Temporal analysis of Landsat 8 images opens up new opportunities in the unmixing procedure. Although spectral analysis of time series Landsat imagery has its own advantage, it has rarely been studied. Nevertheless, using the temporal information can provide improved unmixing performance when compared to independent image analyses. Moreover, different land cover types may demonstrate different temporal patterns, which can aid the discrimination of different natures. Therefore, this letter presents time series K-P-Means, a new solution to the problem of unmixing time series Landsat imagery. The proposed approach is to obtain the "purified" pixels in order to achieve optimal unmixing performance. The vertex component analysis (VCA) is used to extract endmembers for endmember initialization. First, nonnegative least square (NNLS) is used to estimate abundance maps by using the endmember. Then, the estimated endmember is the mean value of "purified" pixels, which is the residual of the mixed pixel after excluding the contribution of all nondominant endmembers. Assembling two main steps (abundance estimation and endmember update) into the iterative optimization framework generates the complete algorithm. Experiments using both simulated and real Landsat 8 images show that the proposed "joint unmixing" approach provides more accurate endmember and abundance estimation results compared with "separate unmixing" approach.

Influencia de un programa terapéutico de pérdida de peso sobre la autopercepción de la imagen corporal en adultos con discapacidad intelectual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Ayaso Maneiro

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Algunos estudios sugieren que las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI podrían presentar distorsiones en la autopercepción de su imagen corporal. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron investigar si la personas con DI podían identificar correctamente su imagen corporal y determinar si participar en un programa terapéutico de pérdida de peso (PTPP influenció de alguna manera esa percepción. Para ello, a lo largo de un PTPP, se realizó una comparación entre una medida objetiva (IMC y una medida subjetiva (escala de Stunkard de imagen corporal. Los resultados mostraron que los individuos con DI (n = 24 percibieron de manera errónea su imagen corporal incluso antes de la realización de cualquier programa de intervención (58%. Después de aplicar el PTPP durante diez semanas se observó una acentuación de esta distorsión (83% con respecto a los valores reales de IMC. La conclusión más importante que se puede sacar de este estudio es que las personas con DI no identifican correctamente su imagen corporal. Asimismo, la participación en PTPP tiene influencia en la imagen corporal, en el sentido de que el control de dos variables, como el ejercicio físico y la restricción calórica, causa una mayor distorsión que el control de solamente una de ellas.

Guerra de imagens e imagens da guerra: estupro e sacrifício na Guerra do Iraque War of images and images of war: rape and sacrifice in the Iraq War

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Carmen Rial

2007-04-01

Full Text Available O artigo aborda um dos grandes silêncios da mídia global: o caso dos estupros de mulheres muçulmanas por soldados e mercenários norte-americanos no Iraque, através da análise das imagens dessas violências. O mediascape contemporâneo é um dos mais prolixos. No entanto, silêncios permanecem como estes e outros estupros de guerra. Com uma abordagem antropológica do significado da guerra, o artigo enfoca também a participação e as imagens das mulheres neste espaço masculino que é a guerra.This article addresses one of the great issues about which global media remains silent: the rape of Muslim women by U.S. soldiers in Iraq. Contemporary mediascape is prolix. But some silences remain, such as the issue of rape during war. With an anthropological approach to the meaning of war and through the analysis of images, the article focuses on the participation of women in this male space.

Landsat 7 ETM/1G satellite imagery - Hawaiian Islands cloud-free mosaics

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Cloud-free Landsat satellite imagery mosaics of the islands of the main 8 Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai and Niihau). Landsat...

LANDSAT-D ground segment operations plan, revision A

Science.gov (United States)

Evans, B.

1982-01-01

The basic concept for the utilization of LANDSAT ground processing resources is described. Only the steady state activities that support normal ground processing are addressed. This ground segment operations plan covers all processing of the multispectral scanner and the processing of thematic mapper through data acquisition and payload correction data generation for the LANDSAT 4 mission. The capabilities embedded in the hardware and software elements are presented from an operations viewpoint. The personnel assignments associated with each functional process and the mechanisms available for controlling the overall data flow are identified.

Reposicionamiento de la imagen corporativa de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana-UPSQ, en la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial

OpenAIRE

Izquierdo, Carlos

2007-01-01

Conseguir la sostenibilidad de las instituciones es un imperativo en un mundo globalizado y altamente competitivo; lo cual, implica un posicionamiento de liderazgo en el mercado. Este posicionamiento se logra si el público objetivo tiene una imagen positiva de la institución. La imagen corporativa entendida como el concepto favorable, desfavorable o indiferente que tiene el público sobre una organización, de sus productos y servicios que presta, representa un patrimonio de la institu...

La imagen violenta como argumento contra la violencia. El papel de las imágenes violentas en la lucha por los derechos civiles de los afroamericanos

OpenAIRE

López Serrano, Alfredo

2008-01-01

Actas del Primer Congreso Internacional sobre Imagen, Cultura y Tecnología celebrado del 3 al 5 de septiembre de 2008 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Contrariamente a lo que ocurría en otros momentos del pasado, en que la imagen de los vencidos era el principal argumento del poder de los vencedores, la imagen de los efectos de la violencia y de sus víctimas genera animadversión hacia los que ejercen esta violencia y simpatías hacia la causa de los que la sufren. Las razones hay que ...

Perspective with Landsat Overlay, Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

Mount Kilimanjaro (Kilima Njaro or 'shining mountain' in Swahili), the highest point in Africa, reaches 5,895 meters (19,340 feet) above sea level, tall enough to maintain a permanent snow cap despite being just 330 kilometers (210 miles) south of the equator. It is the tallest free-standing mountain on the Earth's land surface world, rising about 4,600 meters (15,000 feet) above the surrounding plain. Kilimanjaro is a triple volcano (has three peaks) that last erupted perhaps more than 100,000 years ago but still exudes volcanic gases. It is accompanied by about 20 other nearby volcanoes, some of which are seen to the west (left) in this view, prominently including Mount Meru, which last erupted only about a century ago. The volcanic mountain slopes are commonly fertile and support thick forests, while the much drier grasslands of the plains are home to elephants, lions, and other savanna wildlife.This 3-D perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), a Landsat 7 satellite image, and a false sky. Topographic expression is vertically exaggerated two times.Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter (98-foot) resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyzing the large and growing Landsat image archive, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Elevation data used in this image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on Feb. 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. SRTM was designed to collect 3-D measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter (approximately 200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and

Influencia de la imagen corporal y la autoestima en la experiencia sexual de estudiantes universitarias sin trastornos alimentarios

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María Calado Otero

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se evalúa la relación que tienen diversas variables de la imagen corporal cognitivas (miedo a ganar peso, distorsión de la imagen corporal e insatisfacción corporal y perceptivas (índice de masa corporal y autopercepción de atractivo junto con la autoestima sobre la actividad sexual (nivel de experiencia sexual y actividad sexual en la actualidad, edad de la primera relación sexual coital, número de parejas sexuales coitales y satisfacción de las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes universitarias gallegas. La muestra está compuesta por 325 chicas con una edad media de 19,5 años. Se concluye, a la luz de los resultados, que las variables miedo a ganar peso, insatisfacción corporal, autopercepción de atractivo físico y autoestima se relacionan con la actividad sexual; por otro lado, el índice de masa corporal y la distorsión de la imagen corporal no se relacionan con la expresión de la sexualidad. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas con diseño transversal.

Analysis and correction of Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper Sensor Data

Science.gov (United States)

Bernstein, R.; Hanson, W. A.

1985-01-01

Procedures for the correction and registration and registration of Landsat TM image data are examined. The registration of Landsat-4 TM images of San Francisco to Landsat-5 TM images of the San Francisco using the interactive geometric correction program and the cross-correlation technique is described. The geometric correction program and cross-correlation results are presented. The corrections of the TM data to a map reference and to a cartographic database are discussed; geometric and cartographic analyses are applied to the registration results.

Arquivamento e comunicação de imagens radiológicas na formação médica online

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Alexandre Nogueira dos Santos

Full Text Available O estudo investiga as possibilidades de utilização dos recursos de arquivamento e comunicação de imagens nas salas de aula e à distância no processo de formação médica através da telemedicina. Discutem-se as possibilidades de usar programas de informática que reproduzem os recursos de diferentes meios de diagnóstico por imagem como ferramenta didática nas aulas de telemedicina, por meio do acesso a imagens radiológicas utilizando sistemas de informática para fins de emissão de laudos à distância na formação médica. Avaliou-se a apresentação de imagens digitais nas salas de aula dos cursos de saúde a partir da experiência de residentes em formação que atuam na modalidade online, por meio de questionários aplicados com especialistas e residentes que atuam no caso relatado no estudo. Os aspectos de formação docente dos médicos, especialmente para atuar em ambientes online, definição de metodologias de avaliação, interação entre os sujeitos envolvidos foram avaliados para considerar a possibilidade de usar a experiência em cursos de Medicina como um meio de educação à distância (EAD utilizando Arquivamento e Comunicação de Imagens (PACS

Gestión comunicacional e imagen corporativa en la Universidad Nacional Abierta (UNA

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Graciela Perozo de Jiménez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar la imagen corporativa como herramienta de gestión comunicacional en la Universidad Nacional Abierta (UNA, de los Centros Locales: Táchira, Mérida, Trujillo, Lara, Falcón y Zulia. La investigación siguió la modalidad de trabajo de campo de tipo descriptiva, dentro del enfoque cuantitativo. La población estuvo constituida por 13.794 estudiantes y 138 miembros del personal académico de los centros locales del occidente del país, quedando la muestra conformada por 390 estudiantes y 103 miembros del personal académico. Como instrumento de recolección de datos se utilizaron 2 cuestionarios uno para cada muestra seleccionada con la finalidad de obtener información sobre la imagen corporativa en la UNA, a través de la dimensión:”necesidades en materia de comunicación y promoción”, los cuales se sometieron a validez de contenido por parte de diez (10 expertos y se calculó la confiabilidad obteniendo un coeficiente de 0,90 para ambos. Como técnica de análisis de datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, mediante distribución de frecuencias y medias aritméticas. Como resultado se determinó que la comunicación y la promoción tienen una tendencia media hacia una tendencia baja, por lo que las necesidades en materia de comunicación y promoción son muchas a fin de contar con una comunicación eficiente, clara y oportuna, que permita proyectar una imagen positiva de la Institución.

Hábitos alimentarios e imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios sin trastornos alimentarios

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María Lameiras Fernández

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Actualmente los adolescentes manifiestan su afinidad hacia una determinada estética corporal impuesta por la sociedad contemporánea; esto hace que los más jóvenes presenten una preocupación excesiva por su cuerpo y lleven a cabo conductas de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. En esta investigación se entrevista a 482 estudiantes universitarios/as a los que se les aplica el Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI y un cuestionario sobre comportamientos alimentarios e imagen corporal. Los resultados muestran la mayor preocupación de las mujeres por el peso y la imagen corporal, siendo ellas además las que en mayor medida recurren a las dietas para alcanzar el peso ideal. Siendo el colectivo de chicas las que presentan en mayor medida tanto variables cognoscitivas como comportamentales de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, lo que justifica la necesidad de implementar programas de prevención al colectivo de estudiantes universitarias. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas con diseño transversal.

Near Real-Time Browsable Landsat-8 Imagery

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Cheng-Chien Liu

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The successful launch and operation of Landsat-8 extends the remarkable 40-year acquisition of space-based land remote-sensing data. To respond quickly to emergency needs, real-time data are directly downlinked to 17 ground stations across the world on a routine basis. With a size of approximately 1 Gb per scene, however, the standard level-1 product provided by these stations is not able to serve the general public. Users would like to browse the most up-to-date and historical images of their regions of interest (ROI at full-resolution from all kinds of devices without the need for tedious data downloading, decompressing, and processing. This paper reports on the Landsat-8 automatic image processing system (L-8 AIPS that incorporates the function of mask developed by United States Geological Survey (USGS, the pan-sharpening technique of spectral summation intensity modulation, the adaptive contrast enhancement technique, as well as the Openlayers and Google Maps/Earth compatible superoverlay technique. Operation of L-8 AIPS enables the most up-to-date Landsat-8 images of Taiwan to be browsed with a clear contrast enhancement regardless of the cloud condition, and in only one hour’s time after receiving the raw data from the USGS Level 1 Product Generation System (LPGS. For any ROI in Taiwan, all historical Landsat-8 images can also be quickly viewed in time series at full resolution (15 m. The debris flow triggered by Typhoon Soudelor (8 August 2015, as well as the barrier lake formed and the large-scale destruction of vegetation after Typhoon Nepartak (7 July 2016, are given as three examples of successful applications to demonstrate that the gap between the user’s needs and the existing Level-1 product from LPGS can be bridged by providing browsable images in near real-time.

Harmonized Landsat/Sentinel-2 Reflectance Products for Land Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Masek, J. G.; Ju, J.; Claverie, M.; Vermote, E.; Dungan, J. L.; Roger, J. C.; Skakun, S.; Justice, C. O.

2017-12-01

Many land applications require more frequent observations than can be obtained from a single "Landsat class" sensor. Agricultural monitoring, inland water quality assessment, stand-scale phenology, and numerous other applications all require near-daily imagery at better than 1ha resolution. Thus the land science community has begun expressing a desire for a "30-meter MODIS" global monitoring capability. One cost-effective way to achieve this goal is via merging data from multiple, international observatories into a single virtual constellation. The Harmonized Landsat/Sentinel-2 (HLS) project has been working to generate a seamless surface reflectance product by combining observations from USGS/NASA Landsat-8 and ESA Sentinel-2. Harmonization in this context requires a series of radiometric and geometric transforms to create a single surface reflectance time series agnostic to sensor origin. Radiometric corrections include a common atmospheric correction using the Landsat-8 LaSRC/6S approach, a simple BRDF adjustment to constant solar and nadir view angle, and spectral bandpass adjustments to fit the Landsat-8 OLI reference. Data are then resampled to a consistent 30m UTM grid, using the Sentinel-2 global tile system. Cloud and shadow masking are also implemented. Quality assurance (QA) involves comparison of the output 30m HLS products with near-simultaneous MODIS nadir-adjusted observations. Prototoype HLS products have been processed for 7% of the global land area using the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) compute environment at NASA Ames, and can be downloaded from the HLS web site (https://hls.gsfc.nasa.gov). A wall-to-wall North America data set is being prepared for 2018.This talk will review the objectives and status of the HLS project, and illustrate applications of high-density optical time series data for agriculture and ecology. We also discuss lessons learned from HLS in the general context of implementing virtual constellations.

La imagen periodística no fotográfica (1. La imagen en el periodismo

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Dr. Carlos Abreu Sojo

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Desde su aparición, la fotografía periodística capitalizó las preferencias de periodistas y editores como vehículo fundamental de estética de las páginas de diarios, revistas y demás publicaciones de actualidad. No obstante, otras formas tradicionales como el dibujo y la caricatura no han perdido su espacio en la prensa. Por el contrario, en los últimos años han tomado un "segundo aire" y su empleo -muchas veces bajo el rótulo de "ilustración"-, al igual que el de la infografía, forma parte consustancial del periodismo moderno. En una serie de trabajos que comienza a partir de la próxima entrega el doctor Carlos Abreu examina acuciosamente cada una de esas modalidades. Empero, antes -en esta edición- nos explica las características de la imagen en el periodismo, trabajo que sirve de preámbulo para los próximos artículos.

Harmonic regression of Landsat time series for modeling attributes from national forest inventory data

Science.gov (United States)

Barry T. Wilson; Joseph F. Knight; Ronald E. McRoberts

2018-01-01

Imagery from the Landsat Program has been used frequently as a source of auxiliary data for modeling land cover, as well as a variety of attributes associated with tree cover. With ready access to all scenes in the archive since 2008 due to the USGS Landsat Data Policy, new approaches to deriving such auxiliary data from dense Landsat time series are required. Several...

Vilèm Flusser: crítica estética e imagen tecno-visual

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Victor Silva Echeto

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El giro estético de la ilustración se debe, fundamentalmente, a Kant y a Hegel. En ese contexto, el concepto de imagen visual emerge, atrapando al arte en las redes estéticas. La modernidad, en esa época, adquiere toda su madurez y habilita un giro, en la filosofía, occidental, que estetiza la razón. Radicalizado el giro, en el llamado postestructuralismo, es Vilém Flusser, quien, desde su nomadismo e indisciplinamiento, plantea una radical crítica al pensamiento hegeliano, desde “la imagen técnica” como “elogio de la superficialidad”, o, en nuestro parecer, “teoría de la pantalla”. Los intermedios y posteriores, planteamientos críticos en crisis, deconstructivos, fundamentalmente, en el caso de Derrida, desestabilizan y tensionan, el planteamiento estético, desde los márgenes (párergon y la interrogante por “la verdad” de lo visual. La postestética, tanto en Badiou como en Rancière, se pregunta en un caso (Badiou por lo inestético y, en el otro (Rancière, por el reparto de lo sensible. El presente texto, analiza, desde la crítica a la estética, tanto en Kant como en Hegel, el giro visual en Flusser, la deconstrucción y el giro de los llamados postalthusserianos (Badiou y Rancière, y la implicancia de la imagen técnica que, desde lo superficial y lo profundo, permiten delinear los trazos de una teoría de la pantalla.

La Imagen de un Producto Turístico Rural a través del Acceso al Contenido Generado por otros Usuarios en Internet: Diferencias por Género

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Carmen Hidalgo-Alcazar

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Los contenidos generados por los usuarios sobre un producto turístico en Internet son utilizados de forma recurrente por otros turistas como una importante fuente de información. Sin embargo, se desconoce la influencia que tienen estos contenidos en la formación de la imagen de un producto turístico, así como si existen o no diferencias de género en cuanto a la percepción de esa imagen. En la investigación actual, se ha utilizado como producto turístico un alojamiento rural y como estímulo la propia web del alojamiento. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que los contenidos generados por otros usuarios en la web afectan a la imagen percibida del producto turístico. También se observa que las mujeres generan una imagen afectiva y cognitiva más favorable sobre el producto turístico que los hombres. La novedad de esta investigación reside en aportar conocimiento nuevo sobre la relación del contenido generado por otros usuarios y las dimensiones de la imagen de un producto turístico, en un entorno poco estudiado como el turismo rural.

Landsat at 45: How it Changed the Way We See the Earth

Science.gov (United States)

Uri, John

2017-01-01

On October 24, 1946, more than 10 years before the launch of the first artificial satellite Sputnik, scientists at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico placed a camera on top of a captured German V-2 ballistic missile. As the rocket flew to an altitude of about 65 miles - just above the generally recognized border of outer space - the 35-millimeter motion picture camera snapped a frame every one and a half seconds. Minutes later, the missile came crashing back down and slammed into the ground at more than 340 mph, but the film survived and gave us our first glimpse of Earth from space. Earth Resources Technology Satellite aka Landsat It was images like those first grainy black and white pictures and later those taken by America's first astronauts in the 1960's that inspired the development of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS). From the unique vantage point of space, we could now observe Earth using a variety of different instruments to monitor changes over time. The ERTS-1 satellite, wisely renamed Landsat-1, was launched aboard a Delta rocket on July 23, 1972, into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of about 560 miles. In this unique orbit, Landsat could observe the same point on the Earth every 18 days, always with the same solar illumination, allowing for precise monitoring of changes on the ground over time. Landsat-1, derived from the highly successful Nimbus weather satellites, carried two instruments that allowed it to take images not only in visible light but also in infrared, well-suited to track changes in vegetation over time. Designed to last only one year, Landsat-1 actually operated for nearly three years, by which time it had been joined in space by Landsat-2, a near identical copy of the original. Since then, ever more sophisticated instruments were flown aboard Landsat-3 through -8, with Landsat-9 planned for launch in 2020, acquiring millions of images of Earth over more than four decades. At first, images from

Evaluation of directional normalization methods for Landsat TM/ETM+ over primary Amazonian lowland forests

Science.gov (United States)

Van doninck, Jasper; Tuomisto, Hanna

2017-06-01

Biodiversity mapping in extensive tropical forest areas poses a major challenge for the interpretation of Landsat images, because floristically clearly distinct forest types may show little difference in reflectance. In such cases, the effects of the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) can be sufficiently strong to cause erroneous image interpretation and classification. Since the opening of the Landsat archive in 2008, several BRDF normalization methods for Landsat have been developed. The simplest of these consist of an empirical view angle normalization, whereas more complex approaches apply the semi-empirical Ross-Li BRDF model and the MODIS MCD43-series of products to normalize directional Landsat reflectance to standard view and solar angles. Here we quantify the effect of surface anisotropy on Landsat TM/ETM+ images over old-growth Amazonian forests, and evaluate five angular normalization approaches. Even for the narrow swath of the Landsat sensors, we observed directional effects in all spectral bands. Those normalization methods that are based on removing the surface reflectance gradient as observed in each image were adequate to normalize TM/ETM+ imagery to nadir viewing, but were less suitable for multitemporal analysis when the solar vector varied strongly among images. Approaches based on the MODIS BRDF model parameters successfully reduced directional effects in the visible bands, but removed only half of the systematic errors in the infrared bands. The best results were obtained when the semi-empirical BRDF model was calibrated using pairs of Landsat observation. This method produces a single set of BRDF parameters, which can then be used to operationally normalize Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery over Amazonian forests to nadir viewing and a standard solar configuration.

PROPONDO CAMINHOS PARA O LETRAMENTO VISUAL: UMA LEITURA SEMIÓTICA DO LIVRO DE IMAGENS CENA DE RUA

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Eduardo Lopes Piris

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho visa a oferecer uma proposta de leitura de narrativas visuais aos professores de Artes e de Línguas. Para tanto, apresenta uma análise semiótica do livro de imagens intitulado Cena de Rua de autoria de Angela Lago (1994. Discute alguns problemas em torno do letramento visual no contexto escolar. Delineia um panorama do realismo crítico na literatura infantil e juvenil a fim de mostrar o contexto sócio-histórico por meio do qual emerge o discurso desse livro de magens. Analisa a expressão e o conteúdo das imagens, examinando alguns elementos dos níveis narrativo e discursivo do percurso gerativo de sentido para depreender seu sentido.

La imagen de la mujer caída en algunas obras de la literatura mexicana

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Martha Elena Munguía Zatarain

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo se hace una revisión de las formas en las que se fue conformando en la literatura mexicana del siglo xix la imagen de la mujer caída, con claras reminiscencias religiosas. Textos de Payno, Vicente Riva Palacio, Rafael Delgado, Tablada, entre otros, integran el corpus del que se parte para este trabajo. Se analiza cómo se filtran en las obras preocupaciones de índole social y cómo, con frecuencia, se daba una deriva hacia perspectivas morales y condenatorias de la mujer prostituida. Se busca, en todo momento, reconstruir el diálogo polémico que sostuvo el arte verbal con la profusión discursiva de índole científica y moral de la época y se rastrean las reminiscencias de esta imagen en algunas obras del siglo xx.

a Comparative Analysis of Spatiotemporal Data Fusion Models for Landsat and Modis Data

Science.gov (United States)

Hazaymeh, K.; Almagbile, A.

2018-04-01

In this study, three documented spatiotemporal data fusion models were applied to Landsat-7 and MODIS surface reflectance, and NDVI. The algorithms included the spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM), sparse representation based on a spatiotemporal reflectance fusion model (SPSTFM), and spatiotemporal image-fusion model (STI-FM). The objectives of this study were to (i) compare the performance of these three fusion models using a one Landsat-MODIS spectral reflectance image pairs using time-series datasets from the Coleambally irrigation area in Australia, and (ii) quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the synthetic images generated from each fusion model using statistical measurements. Results showed that the three fusion models predicted the synthetic Landsat-7 image with adequate agreements. The STI-FM produced more accurate reconstructions of both Landsat-7 spectral bands and NDVI. Furthermore, it produced surface reflectance images having the highest correlation with the actual Landsat-7 images. This study indicated that STI-FM would be more suitable for spatiotemporal data fusion applications such as vegetation monitoring, drought monitoring, and evapotranspiration.

A Landsat study of water quality in Lake Okeechobee

Science.gov (United States)

Gervin, J. C.; Marshall, M. L.

1976-01-01

This paper uses multiple regression techniques to investigate the relationship between Landsat radiance values and water quality measurements. For a period of over one year, the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District sampled the water of Lake Okeechobee for chlorophyll, carotenoids, turbidity, and various nutrients at the time of Landsat overpasses. Using an overlay map of the sampling stations, Landsat radiance values were measured from computer compatible tapes using a GE image 100 and averaging over a 22-acre area at each station. These radiance values in four bands were used to form a number of functions (powers, logarithms, exponentials, and ratios), which were then compared with the ground measurements using multiple linear regression techniques. Several dates were used to provide generality and to study possible seasonal variations. Individual correlations were presented for the various water quality parameters and best fit equations were examined for chlorophyll and turbidity. The results and their relationship to past hydrological research were discussed.

An Improved Physics-Based Model for Topographic Correction of Landsat TM Images

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Ainong Li

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Optical remotely sensed images in mountainous areas are subject to radiometric distortions induced by topographic effects, which need to be corrected before quantitative applications. Based on Li model and Sandmeier model, this paper proposed an improved physics-based model for the topographic correction of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM images. The model employed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI thresholds to approximately divide land targets into eleven groups, due to NDVI’s lower sensitivity to topography and its significant role in indicating land cover type. Within each group of terrestrial targets, corresponding MODIS BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function products were used to account for land surface’s BRDF effect, and topographic effects are corrected without Lambertian assumption. The methodology was tested with two TM scenes of severely rugged mountain areas acquired under different sun elevation angles. Results demonstrated that reflectance of sun-averted slopes was evidently enhanced, and the overall quality of images was improved with topographic effect being effectively suppressed. Correlation coefficients between Near Infra-Red band reflectance and illumination condition reduced almost to zero, and coefficients of variance also showed some reduction. By comparison with the other two physics-based models (Sandmeier model and Li model, the proposed model showed favorable results on two tested Landsat scenes. With the almost half-century accumulation of Landsat data and the successive launch and operation of Landsat 8, the improved model in this paper can be potentially helpful for the topographic correction of Landsat and Landsat-like data.

Diazo processing of LANDSAT imagery: A low-cost instructional technique

Science.gov (United States)

Lusch, D. P.

1981-01-01

Diazo processing of LANDSAT imagery is a relatively simple and cost effective method of producing enhanced renditions of the visual LANDSAT products. This technique is capable of producing a variety of image enhancements which have value in a teaching laboratory environment. Additionally, with the appropriate equipment, applications research which relys on accurate and repeatable results is possible. Exposure and development equipment options, diazo materials, and enhancement routines are discussed.

Amenaza e invasión de la imagen. Un estudio sobre la naturaleza de la cortesía verbal.

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José María Gil

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} De acuerdo con el trabajo fundacional de P. Brown y S. Levinson (1978, 1987, algunos actos verbales (y no verbales son intrínsecamente amenazadores de la imagen del hablante (H o del oyente (O. En este trabajo voy a sostener que en realidad todos los actos de habla, i.e., todos los enunciados, afectan inevitablemente la imagen de H y de O. Esta postura nos lleva a distinguir entre actos de habla no-descorteses y actos de habla descorteses. Los actos de habla no-descorteses, que pueden involucrar estrategias de cortesía, amenazan la imagen de H y de O. Los actos descorteses directamente invaden la imagen de O y, por ello, la de H.

Analysis of Coastline Extraction from Landsat-8 OLI Imagery

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Yaolin Liu

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Coastline extraction is a fundamental work for coastal resource management, coastal environmental protection and coastal sustainable development. Due to the free access and long-term record, Landsat series images have the potential to be used for coastline extraction. However, dynamic features of different types of coastlines (e.g., rocky, sandy, artificial, caused by sea level fluctuation from tidal, storm and reclamation, make it difficult to be accurately extracted with coarse spatial resolution, e.g., 30 m, of Landsat images. To access this problem, we analyze the performance of coastline extraction by integrating downscaling, pansharpening and water index approaches in increasing the accuracy of coastline extraction from the latest Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI imagery. In order to prove the availability of the proposed method, we designed three strategies: (1 Strategy 1 uses the traditional water index method to extract coastline directly from original 30 m Landsat-8 OLI multispectral (MS image; (2 Strategy 2 extracts coastlines from 15 m fused MS images generated by integrating 15 m panchromatic (PAN band and 30 m MS image with ten pansharpening algorithms; (3 Strategy 3 first downscales the PAN band to a finer spatial resolution (e.g., 7.5 m band, and then extracts coastlines from pansharpened MS images generated by integrating downscaled spatial resolution PAN band and 30 m MS image with ten pansharpening algorithms. Using the coastline extracted from ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3 5.8 m MS image as reference, accuracies of coastlines extracted from MS images in three strategies were validated visually and quantitatively. The results show that, compared with coastline extracted directly from 30 m Landsat-8 MS image (strategy 1, strategy 3 achieves the best accuracies with optimal mean net shoreline movement (MNSM of −2.54 m and optimal mean absolute difference (MAD of 11.26 m, followed by coastlines extracted in strategy 2 with optimal MNSM

The Landsat Phenology Study (LaPS): Preliminary CONUS Results for 2008

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Henebry, Geoffrey M.; Roy, David P.; Ju, Junchang; Kovalskyy, Valeriy

2010-05-01

Most studies of land surface phenology (LSP) have used time series derived from moderate spatial resolution satellite sensor data (e.g., AVHRR, MODIS, VEGETATION) because these data are freely available and because they provide an acceptable trade-off between higher, near daily, temporal frequency of observation needed to reduce cloud contamination against lower (500m-5km) spatial resolution. The recent opening of the USGS Landsat archive to web-enabled access presents the opportunity to explore how well Landsat time series can portray LSPs at high spatial resolution. The NASA Web-enabled Landsat data (WELD) project (http://landsat.usgs.gov/WELD.php) has produced 30m composited mosaics for all the conterminous US (CONUS) from Landsat 7 ETM+ data. The composited mosaics are generated on monthly, seasonal, and annual basis and include spectral reflectance, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the acquisition date of each composited pixel. The WELD compositing approach is designed to select valid land surface observations with minimal cloud, snow, and atmospheric contamination. We extracted 30m pixel time series from the twelve monthly WELD composited mosaics for 2008 at 320 locations across the CONUS where we have ground phenological observations that are heterogeneous with respect to the types of plants observed, the phenophases recorded (predominantly spring green-up) and the ground sampling protocols used. The ground data came from several sources, including the cloned lilac/honeysuckle network, the Phenocam network, five LTER sites (H.J. Andrews, Harvard Forest, Jornada, Konza Prairie, and Sevilleta), and a private woodlot in Maine. Temporal profiles of the 30m WELD Landsat NDVI, the green NDVI (GNDVI), the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) derived from the composited reflectances, are compared to the ground observations. Results show that (i) inclusion of the Landsat acquisition date for each pixel improves the characterization of the LSP

El Papel de la Cualidad del Servicio y de la Imagen de la Tienda em la Experiencia de Consumo de Servicios Automotrices.

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Ieda Pedógia Martins Damian

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Los servicios han desempeñado un papel cada vez más relevante, al agregar valor a los consumidores. En ese sentido, la evaluación de la experiencia de consumo en relación a esos servicios es importante para los minoristas que actúan en ambientes competitivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel de la cualidad del servicio y de la imagen de la tienda en la experiencia de consumo de servicios automotrices. El estudio fue dividido en dos momentos. En el primero se realizó una investigación cuantitativa (survey con 1346 consumidores, con el objetivo de obtener de ellos una evaluación de los atributos de imagen y cualidad y su contribución para una evaluación positiva de la experiencia de consumo. En seguida, fue realizada una investigación cualitativa, del tipo grupo enfocado, para discutir los resultados obtenidos en la investigación cuantitativa. La principal contribución del estudio fue dejar evidente la relevancia de los aspectos relacionados a la imagen del prestador del servicio. Se debe destacar que la imagen presentó, en la investigación, un papel tan relevante cuanto el de los elementos directamente relacionados a la cualidad de los servicios para el desarrollo de una experiencia de consumo agradable.

Landsat change detection can aid in water quality monitoring

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Macdonald, H. C.; Steele, K. F.; Waite, W. P.; Shinn, M. R.

1977-01-01

Comparison between Landsat-1 and -2 imagery of Arkansas provided evidence of significant land use changes during the 1972-75 time period. Analysis of Arkansas historical water quality information has shown conclusively that whereas point source pollution generally can be detected by use of water quality data collected by state and federal agencies, sampling methodologies for nonpoint source contamination attributable to surface runoff are totally inadequate. The expensive undertaking of monitoring all nonpoint sources for numerous watersheds can be lessened by implementing Landsat change detection analyses.

Application and Comparison of the MODIS-Derived Enhanced Vegetation Index to VIIRS, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI Platforms: A Case Study in the Arid Colorado River Delta, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Jarchow, Christopher J.; Didan, Kamel; Barreto-Muñoz, Armando; Glenn, Edward P.

2018-01-01

The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is a key Earth science parameter used to assess vegetation, originally developed and calibrated for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. With the impending decommissioning of the MODIS sensors by the year 2020/2022, alternative platforms will need to be used to estimate EVI. We compared Landsat 5 (2000–2011), 8 (2013–2016) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS; 2013–2016) to MODIS EVI (2000–2016) over a 420,083-ha area of the arid lower Colorado River Delta in Mexico. Over large areas with mixed land cover or agricultural fields, we found high correspondence between Landsat and MODIS EVI (R2 = 0.93 for the entire area studied and 0.97 for agricultural fields), but the relationship was weak over bare soil (R2 = 0.27) and riparian vegetation (R2 = 0.48). The correlation between MODIS and Landsat EVI was higher over large, homogeneous areas and was generally lower in narrow riparian areas. VIIRS and MODIS EVI were highly similar (R2 = 0.99 for the entire area studied) and did not show the same decrease in performance in smaller, narrower regions as Landsat. Landsat and VIIRS provide EVI estimates of similar quality and characteristics to MODIS, but scale, seasonality and land cover type(s) should be considered before implementing Landsat EVI in a particular area. PMID:29757265

Modified Optimization Water Index (mowi) for LANDSAT-8 Oli/tirs

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Moradi, M.; Sahebi, M.; Shokri, M.

2017-09-01

Water is one of the most important resources that essential need for human life. Due to population growth and increasing need of human to water, proper management of water resources will be one of the serious challenges of next decades. Remote sensing data is the best way to the management of water resources due time and cost effectiveness over a greater range of temporal and spatial scales. Between many kinds of satellite data, from SAR to optic or from high resolution to low resolution, Landsat imagery is more interesting data for water detection and management of earth surface water. Landsat8 OLI/TIRS is the newest version of Landsat satellite series. In this paper, we investigated the full spectral potential of Landsat8 for water detection. It is developed many kinds of methods for this purpose that index based methods have some advantages than other methods. Pervious indices just use a limited number of spectral band. In this paper, Modified Optimization Water Index (MOWI) defined by consideration of a linear combination of bands that each coefficient of bands calculated by particle swarm algorithm. The result shows that modified optimization water index (MOWI) has a proper performance on different condition like cloud, cloud shadow and mountain shadow.

Comparison of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A reflectance and normalized difference vegetation index

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Zhang, H.; Roy, D. P.; Yan, L.; Li, Z.; Huang, H.

2017-12-01

The moderate spatial resolution satellite data from the polar-orbiting Landsat-8 (launched 2013) and Sentinel-2A (launched 2015) sensors provide 10 m to 30 m multi-spectral global coverage with a better than 5-day revisit. Although a national laboratory traceable cross-calibration comparison of the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Sentinel-2A MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) was undertaken pre-launch, there are a number of other sensor differences, notably due to spectral, spatial and angular differences. To examine these in a comprehensive way, Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A data for approximately 20° × 10° of southern Africa acquired in the summer (January to March) and winter (July to September) of 2016 were compared. Only Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A observations acquired within one-day apart were considered. The sensor data were registered and then each orbit projected into 30 m fixed global Web Enabled Landsat Data (GWELD) tiles defined in the MODIS sinusoidal equal area projection. Only corresponding sensor observations of each 30 m tile pixel that were flagged as cloud and snow-free, unsaturated, and that had no significant change in their one day separation, were compared. Both the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A data were atmospherically corrected using the Landsat Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC) and were also corrected to nadir BRDF adjusted reflectance (NBAR). Top of atmosphere and surface reflectance for the spectrally corresponding visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared OLI and MSI bands, and derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were compared and their differences quantified using regression analyses. The resulting statistical transformations may be used to improve the consistency between the Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2A MSI data. The importance and sensitivity of the results to correct filtering, atmospheric correction and adjustment to NBAR is demonstrated.

Restauración de la imagen de Santa María. Portada norte de la Concatedral de Castellón

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José Luis Roig Salom

1998-04-01

Full Text Available La trágica demolición de la Iglesia de Santa María de Castellón trajo consigo la destrucción  de la imagen de la Virgen con el Niño que presidía el tímpano de la portada norte. Varios fragmentos recogidos enton­ces por un transeúnte han esperado más de cin­cuenta años para ver la luz, y constituirse en la base de un interesante ejercicio de anastilosis que ha devuelto al nuevo templo la imagen recuperada.

ASPECTOS DIFERENCIALES EN LA IMAGEN CORPORAL Y LA AUTODESCRIPCIÓN DE LA FORMA FÍSICA EN MUJERES SEDENTARIAS VS. MUJERES ACTIVAS DEPORTIVAMENTE

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F. Arbinaga Ibarzábal

2010-10-01

Full Text Available

Se analizan las relaciones entre imagen corporal y autodescripción física en mujeres que practican danza aeróbica de forma amateur frente a un grupo de mujeres sedentarias.
La muestra se compuso de 112 mujeres activas deportivamente y 51 mujeres sedentarias.
Los resultados al “Body Shape Questionnaire” (B.S.Q indican que no se presentan diferencias significativas entre las mujeres sedentarias y las mujeres activas. Del conjunto de la muestra, el 18,4% de las mujeres presentaría problemas con la imagen corporal; siendo en las sedentarias el 19,6% y en las activas el 17,9%. Al valorar los resultados en el “Physical Self-Description Questionnaire” (P.S.D.Q, las mujeres sedentarias puntúan por debajo de las activas en todos los factores salvo en el de fuerza.
Palabras Clave: imagen corporal, forma física, aeróbic, mujer, sedentarias.

Análise de Imagens Médicas através de Sistemas Computacionais Inteligentes para Apoio ao Diagnóstico Clínico

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Anderson Alvarenga de Moura Meneses

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Histomorfometria óssea é uma importante análise na prevenção e tratamento de câncer e osteoporose,fornecendo informação quantitativa para diagnóstico clínico. A MicrotomografiaComputadorizada por Raios X é uma técnica de imagens não-destrutiva e não-invasiva comuma alta resolução que permite imagens ampliadas. Na análise histomorfométrica de tais imagens,é possível usar técnicas de tratamento tais como filtros morfológicos e binarização. Taistécnicas, no entanto, podem causar perda de informação relevante para a quantificação damassa óssea. Neste trabalho é descrita a aplicação de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA parareconhecimento de tecido ósseo como parte de uma pesquisa sobre análise histomorfométricaem imagens cuja aquisição foi feita no Laboratório ELETTRA, em Trieste, Itália, na linha depesquisa SYRMEP (Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics – Radiação Síncrotron paraFísica Médica. Nestes testes iniciais, uma RNA Perceptron Multi-Camadas (PMC Feed-Forward (FF com algoritmo de aprendizagem de Retro-Propagação de Erro foi utilizada natarefa de reconhecimento. A qualidade dos resultados na tarefa da classificação de subimagensfoi verificada através de Curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic. Para este tipo deRNA obtivemos uma area sob a curva de 1,000, o que significa que a arquitetura e o treinamentoda RNA se mostraram adequados para a tarefa de reconhecimento de tecido ósseo. As imagensobtidas também são mostradas neste trabalho. Os resultados dos testes demonstraram aviabilidade de aplicação metodológica de Redes Neurais Artificiais e sua adequação às característicasdas imagens obtidas por Microtomografia Computadorizada por Raios X, para evitar perdas ocasionadas por outras técnicas de manipulação e tratamento de imagens. Tambémapresentamos uma breve descrição das principais tecnologias de implementação do projeto.

Use of LANDSAT data to define soil boundaries in Carroll County, Missouri

Science.gov (United States)

Davidson, S. E.

1981-01-01

Bands 4, 5 and 7 false color composite photographs were prepared using data from LANDSAT scenes acquired during April 1977 and April 1981 on computer compatible tapes, and these color composites were compared with band 7 black and white photographs prepared for the entire county. Delineations of soil boundaries at the soil association level were achieved using LANDSAT spectral reflectance data and slope maps for a portion of Carroll County, Missouri. Forty two spectral reflectance classes from April 1977 LANDSAT data were overlaid on digitized slope maps of nine USGS 7.5 minute series topographic quadrangle slope maps to achieve boundary delineations of the soil associations.

Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission Cloud Cover Assessment Algorithms

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Scaramuzza, Pat; Bouchard, M.A.; Dwyer, John L.

2012-01-01

The upcoming launch of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) will start the next era of the Landsat program. However, the Automated Cloud-Cover Assessment (CCA) (ACCA) algorithm used on Landsat 7 requires a thermal band and is thus not suited for OLI. There will be a thermal instrument on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)-the Thermal Infrared Sensor-which may not be available during all OLI collections. This illustrates a need for CCA for LDCM in the absence of thermal data. To research possibilities for full-resolution OLI cloud assessment, a global data set of 207 Landsat 7 scenes with manually generated cloud masks was created. It was used to evaluate the ACCA algorithm, showing that the algorithm correctly classified 79.9% of a standard test subset of 3.95 109 pixels. The data set was also used to develop and validate two successor algorithms for use with OLI data-one derived from an off-the-shelf machine learning package and one based on ACCA but enhanced by a simple neural network. These comprehensive CCA algorithms were shown to correctly classify pixels as cloudy or clear 88.5% and 89.7% of the time, respectively.

SPOT: How good for geology? A comparison with LANDSAT MSS

Science.gov (United States)

Sesoeren, A.

1986-12-01

Geological interpretation possibilities of SPOT MSS and LANDSAT MSS positive prints enlarged to the same scale were compared, using as a test area part of the Jebel Amour (Algeria). The SPOT imagery offers many advantages, filling the gap between remote sensing from space and aerial photography. The best results by visual interpretation are obtained in combining SPOT for the required details with LANDSAT for the synoptic veiw. Further improvements are expected from the use of SPOT stereo-pairs.

Validation of the USGS Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV) across the conterminous United States

Science.gov (United States)

Vanderhoof, Melanie; Fairaux, Nicole; Beal, Yen-Ju G.; Hawbaker, Todd J.

2017-01-01

The Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV), developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), capitalizes on the long temporal availability of Landsat imagery to identify burned areas across the conterminous United States (CONUS) (1984–2015). Adequate validation of such products is critical for their proper usage and interpretation. Validation of coarse-resolution products often relies on independent data derived from moderate-resolution sensors (e.g., Landsat). Validation of Landsat products, in turn, is challenging because there is no corresponding source of high-resolution, multispectral imagery that has been systematically collected in space and time over the entire temporal extent of the Landsat archive. Because of this, comparison between high-resolution images and Landsat science products can help increase user's confidence in the Landsat science products, but may not, alone, be adequate. In this paper, we demonstrate an approach to systematically validate the Landsat-derived BAECV product. Burned area extent was mapped for Landsat image pairs using a manually trained semi-automated algorithm that was manually edited across 28 path/rows and five different years (1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008). Three datasets were independently developed by three analysts and the datasets were integrated on a pixel by pixel basis in which at least one to all three analysts were required to agree a pixel was burned. We found that errors within our Landsat reference dataset could be minimized by using the rendition of the dataset in which pixels were mapped as burned if at least two of the three analysts agreed. BAECV errors of omission and commission for the detection of burned pixels averaged 42% and 33%, respectively for CONUS across all five validation years. Errors of omission and commission were lowest across the western CONUS, for example in the shrub and scrublands of the Arid West (31% and 24%, respectively), and highest in the grasslands and

Improving the mapping of crop types in the Midwestern U.S. by fusing Landsat and MODIS satellite data

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Zhu, Likai; Radeloff, Volker C.; Ives, Anthony R.

2017-06-01

Mapping crop types is of great importance for assessing agricultural production, land-use patterns, and the environmental effects of agriculture. Indeed, both radiometric and spatial resolution of Landsat's sensors images are optimized for cropland monitoring. However, accurate mapping of crop types requires frequent cloud-free images during the growing season, which are often not available, and this raises the question of whether Landsat data can be combined with data from other satellites. Here, our goal is to evaluate to what degree fusing Landsat with MODIS Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) data can improve crop-type classification. Choosing either one or two images from all cloud-free Landsat observations available for the Arlington Agricultural Research Station area in Wisconsin from 2010 to 2014, we generated 87 combinations of images, and used each combination as input into the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) algorithm to predict Landsat-like images at the nominal dates of each 8-day MODIS NBAR product. Both the original Landsat and STARFM-predicted images were then classified with a support vector machine (SVM), and we compared the classification errors of three scenarios: 1) classifying the one or two original Landsat images of each combination only, 2) classifying the one or two original Landsat images plus all STARFM-predicted images, and 3) classifying the one or two original Landsat images together with STARFM-predicted images for key dates. Our results indicated that using two Landsat images as the input of STARFM did not significantly improve the STARFM predictions compared to using only one, and predictions using Landsat images between July and August as input were most accurate. Including all STARFM-predicted images together with the Landsat images significantly increased average classification error by 4% points (from 21% to 25%) compared to using only Landsat

Fusion of MODIS and landsat-8 surface temperature images: a new approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Hazaymeh, Khaled; Hassan, Quazi K

2015-01-01

Here, our objective was to develop a spatio-temporal image fusion model (STI-FM) for enhancing temporal resolution of Landsat-8 land surface temperature (LST) images by fusing LST images acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); and implement the developed algorithm over a heterogeneous semi-arid study area in Jordan, Middle East. The STI-FM technique consisted of two major components: (i) establishing a linear relationship between two consecutive MODIS 8-day composite LST images acquired at time 1 and time 2; and (ii) utilizing the above mentioned relationship as a function of a Landsat-8 LST image acquired at time 1 in order to predict a synthetic Landsat-8 LST image at time 2. It revealed that strong linear relationships (i.e., r2, slopes, and intercepts were in the range 0.93-0.94, 0.94-0.99; and 2.97-20.07) existed between the two consecutive MODIS LST images. We evaluated the synthetic LST images qualitatively and found high visual agreements with the actual Landsat-8 LST images. In addition, we conducted quantitative evaluations of these synthetic images; and found strong agreements with the actual Landsat-8 LST images. For example, r2, root mean square error (RMSE), and absolute average difference (AAD)-values were in the ranges 084-0.90, 0.061-0.080, and 0.003-0.004, respectively.

The new Landsat 8 potential for remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)

Science.gov (United States)

Slonecker, Terry; Jones, Daniel K.; Pellerin, Brian A.

2016-01-01

Due to a combination of factors, such as a new coastal/aerosol band and improved radiometric sensitivity of the Operational Land Imager aboard Landsat 8, the atmospherically-corrected Surface Reflectance product for Landsat data, and the growing availability of corrected fDOM data from U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, moderate-resolution remote sensing of fDOM may now be achievable. This paper explores the background of previous efforts and shows preliminary examples of the remote sensing and data relationships between corrected fDOM and Landsat 8 reflectance values. Although preliminary results before and after Hurricane Sandy are encouraging, more research is needed to explore the full potential of Landsat 8 to continuously map fDOM in a number of water profiles.

The new Landsat 8 potential for remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM).

Science.gov (United States)

Slonecker, E Terrence; Jones, Daniel K; Pellerin, Brian A

2016-06-30

Due to a combination of factors, such as a new coastal/aerosol band and improved radiometric sensitivity of the Operational Land Imager aboard Landsat 8, the atmospherically-corrected Surface Reflectance product for Landsat data, and the growing availability of corrected fDOM data from U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, moderate-resolution remote sensing of fDOM may now be achievable. This paper explores the background of previous efforts and shows preliminary examples of the remote sensing and data relationships between corrected fDOM and Landsat 8 reflectance values. Although preliminary results before and after Hurricane Sandy are encouraging, more research is needed to explore the full potential of Landsat 8 to continuously map fDOM in a number of water profiles. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Updating stand-level forest inventories using airborne laser scanning and Landsat time series data

Science.gov (United States)

Bolton, Douglas K.; White, Joanne C.; Wulder, Michael A.; Coops, Nicholas C.; Hermosilla, Txomin; Yuan, Xiaoping

2018-04-01

Vertical forest structure can be mapped over large areas by combining samples of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data with wall-to-wall spatial data, such as Landsat imagery. Here, we use samples of ALS data and Landsat time-series metrics to produce estimates of top height, basal area, and net stem volume for two timber supply areas near Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, using an imputation approach. Both single-year and time series metrics were calculated from annual, gap-free Landsat reflectance composites representing 1984-2014. Metrics included long-term means of vegetation indices, as well as measures of the variance and slope of the indices through time. Terrain metrics, generated from a 30 m digital elevation model, were also included as predictors. We found that imputation models improved with the inclusion of Landsat time series metrics when compared to single-year Landsat metrics (relative RMSE decreased from 22.8% to 16.5% for top height, from 32.1% to 23.3% for basal area, and from 45.6% to 34.1% for net stem volume). Landsat metrics that characterized 30-years of stand history resulted in more accurate models (for all three structural attributes) than Landsat metrics that characterized only the most recent 10 or 20 years of stand history. To test model transferability, we compared imputed attributes against ALS-based estimates in nearby forest blocks (>150,000 ha) that were not included in model training or testing. Landsat-imputed attributes correlated strongly to ALS-based estimates in these blocks (R2 = 0.62 and relative RMSE = 13.1% for top height, R2 = 0.75 and relative RMSE = 17.8% for basal area, and R2 = 0.67 and relative RMSE = 26.5% for net stem volume), indicating model transferability. These findings suggest that in areas containing spatially-limited ALS data acquisitions, imputation models, and Landsat time series and terrain metrics can be effectively used to produce wall-to-wall estimates of key inventory attributes, providing an

Harmonized Landsat/Sentinel-2 Reflectance Products for Land Monitoring (Invited)

Science.gov (United States)

Masek, Jeffrey G.; Dungan, Jennifer L.; Ju, Junchang; Roger, Jean-Claude; Claverie, Martin P.; Skakun, Sergii; Vermote, Eric; Justice, Christopher Owen

2017-01-01

Many land applications require more frequent observations than can be obtained from a single 'Landsat class'� sensor. Agricultural monitoring, inland water quality assessment, stand-scale phenology, and numerous other applications all require near-daily imagery at better than 1ha resolution. Thus the land science community has begun expressing a desire for a '30-meter MODIS' global monitoring capability. One cost-effective way to achieve this goal is via merging data from multiple, international observatories into a single virtual constellation. The Harmonized Landsat/Sentinel-2 (HLS) project has been working to generate a seamless surface reflectance product by combining observations from USGS/NASA Landsat-8 and ESA Sentinel-2. Harmonization in this context requires a series of radiometric and geometric transforms to create a single surface reflectance time series agnostic to sensor origin. Radiometric corrections include a common atmospheric correction using the Landsat-8 LaSRC/6S approach, a simple BRDF adjustment to constant solar and nadir view angle, and spectral bandpass adjustments to fit the Landsat-8 OLI reference. Data are then resampled to a consistent 30m UTM grid, using the Sentinel-2 global tile system. Cloud and shadow masking are also implemented. Quality assurance (QA) involves comparison of the output 30m HLS products with near-simultaneous MODIS nadir-adjusted observations. Prototoype HLS products have been processed for approximately 7% of the global land area using the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) compute environment at NASA Ames, and can be downloaded from the HLS web site (https://hls.gsfc.nasa.gov). A wall-to-wall North America data set is being prepared for 2018. This talk will review the objectives and status of the HLS project, and illustrate applications of high-density optical time series data for agriculture and ecology. We also discuss lessons learned from HLS in the general context of implementing virtual constellations.

Classificação orientada a objeto de imagens de sensoriamento remoto em estudos epidemiológicos sobre leishmaniose visceral em área urbana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andréa Sobral de Almeida

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo, explorou-se o uso da classificação orientada a objeto de imagens de sensoriamento remoto em estudos epidemiológicos sobre leishmaniose visceral (LV em áreas urbanas. A classificação orientada a objeto foi aplicada a cenas Landsat 5 TM da cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, para obtenção de informações ambientais e temperatura. Para o período de 1993-1996, a taxa de incidência de LV nos setores censitários da cidade foi positivamente correlacionada com a área do setor censitário coberta por vegetação densa, rasteira e solo exposto e negativamente com a área coberta por água e áreas densamente ocupadas. No período de 2001-2006, foram encontradas correlações positivas com vegetação densa, rasteira, solo exposto e áreas densamente ocupadas e negativas com áreas urbanas com alguma vegetação. A temperatura da superfície terrestre foi negativamente associada à incidência de LV nos dois períodos. A classificação orientada a objeto pode ser útil para caracterizar paisagens associadas à ocorrência da LV em áreas urbanas e delimitar áreas de risco para definição de prioridades na implementação de intervenções.

Control monocular 3D dinámico basado en imagen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Hernández Santana

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} En este trabajo se presenta un sistema de control servovisual para regulación de posición de un robot manipulador con cámara en mano que se mueve en el espacio cartesiano 3D. El objetivo es control el robot de tal forma que la imagen de una esfera en movimiento se mantenga en el centro del plano imagen con radio constante. Se propone una estrategia de control con dos lazos en cascada, el lazo interno resuelve el control articular y el lazo externo implementa el control con realimentación visual. El robot y el sistema de visión son modelados para pequeñas variaciones alrededor del punto de operación para control de posición. Para estas condiciones se muestran la estabilidad del sistema y la respuesta en estado estable para trayectorias del objeto. Para ilustrar las prestaciones del sistema, se presentan los resultados experimentales para un manipulador ASEAIRB6.

Perspective View with Landsat Overlay, Lakes Managua and Nicaragua

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

This perspective view shows Lakes Managua and Nicaragua near the Pacific coast of Nicaragua. Lake Managua is the 65-kilometer (40-mile)-long fresh water lake in the foreground of this south-looking view, emptying via the Tipitapa River into the much larger Lake Nicaragua in the distance. The capital city of Managua, with a population of more than 500,000, is located along the southern shore of Lake Managua, the area with the highest population density in Nicaragua.The physical setting of Lake Managua is dominated by the numerous volcanic features aligned in a northwest-southeast axis. The cone-like feature in the foreground is Momotombo, a 1,280-meter (4,199-foot)-high stratovolcano located on the northwest end of the lake. Two water-filled volcanic craters (Apoyegue and Jiloa volcanoes) reside on the Chiltepe Peninsula protruding into the lake from the west. Two volcanoes can also be seen on the island of Ometepe in Lake Nicaragua: El Maderas rising to 1,394 meters (4,573 feet) and the active El Conception at 1,610 meters (5,282 feet).This three-dimensional perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and an enhanced false-color Landsat 7 satellite image. Colors are from Landsat bands 5, 4, and 2 as red, green and blue, respectively. Topographic expression is exaggerated two times.Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyses of the large and growing Landsat image archive. The Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper image used here was provided to the SRTM by the United States Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, S.D.Elevation data used in this image was acquired by the SRTM aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar

Using Landsat-derived disturbance history (1972-2010) to predict current forest structure

Science.gov (United States)

Dirk Pflugmacher; Warren B. Cohen; Robert E. Kennedy

2012-01-01

Lidar is currently the most accurate method for remote estimation of forest structure, but it has limited spatial and temporal coverage. Conversely, Landsat data are more widely available, but exhibit a weaker relationship with structure under medium to high leaf area conditions. One potentially valuable means of enhancing the relationship between Landsat reflectance...

Change detection using landsat time series: A review of frequencies, preprocessing, algorithms, and applications

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Zhe

2017-08-01

The free and open access to all archived Landsat images in 2008 has completely changed the way of using Landsat data. Many novel change detection algorithms based on Landsat time series have been developed We present a comprehensive review of four important aspects of change detection studies based on Landsat time series, including frequencies, preprocessing, algorithms, and applications. We observed the trend that the more recent the study, the higher the frequency of Landsat time series used. We reviewed a series of image preprocessing steps, including atmospheric correction, cloud and cloud shadow detection, and composite/fusion/metrics techniques. We divided all change detection algorithms into six categories, including thresholding, differencing, segmentation, trajectory classification, statistical boundary, and regression. Within each category, six major characteristics of different algorithms, such as frequency, change index, univariate/multivariate, online/offline, abrupt/gradual change, and sub-pixel/pixel/spatial were analyzed. Moreover, some of the widely-used change detection algorithms were also discussed. Finally, we reviewed different change detection applications by dividing these applications into two categories, change target and change agent detection.

Sun position calculator (SPC) for Landsat imagery with geodetic latitudes

Science.gov (United States)

Seong, Jeong C.

2015-12-01

Landsat imagery comes with sun position information such as azimuth and sun elevation, but they are available only at the center of a scene. To aid in the use of Landsat imagery for various solar radiation applications such as topographic correction, solar power, urban heat island, agriculture, climate and vegetation, it is necessary to calculate the sun position information at every pixel. This research developed a PC application that creates sun position data layers in ArcGIS at every pixel in a Landsat scene. The SPC program is composed of two major routines - converting universal transverse Mercator (UTM) projection coordinates to geographic longitudes and latitudes, and calculating sun position information based on the Meeus' routine. For the latter, an innovative method was also implemented to account for the Earth's flattening on an ellipsoid. The Meeus routine implemented in this research showed about 0.2‧ of mean absolute difference from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Solar Position Algorithm (SPA) routine when solar zenith and azimuth angles were tested with every 30 min data at four city locations (Fairbanks, Atlanta, Sydney and Rio Grande) on June 30, 2014. The Meeus routine was about ten times faster than the SPA routine. Professionals who need the Sun's position information for Landsat imagery will benefit from the SPC application.

MELHORIA DO PROCESSO DE CORREÇÃO GEOMÉTRICA DE IMAGENS CBERS-CCD PELO USO DE AMOSTRAS GEORREFERENCIADAS CLASSIFICADAS

OpenAIRE

Castejon, Emiliano Ferreira; Fonseca, Leila Maria Garcia; Forster, Carlos Henrique Quartucci

2015-01-01

As imagens da série de satélites CBERS são distribuídas gratuitamente, mas para que seja possível utilizá-las, é necessário aplicar um método de correção geométrica. É proposta uma melhoria do processo de correção automática de forma a selecionar as melhores amostras de referência a partir das quais é possível definir pontos de controle usados para o cálculo dos parâmetros do modelo usado na correção. Para demonstrar a eficácia, o método proposto é aplicado em um conjunto de imagens CBERS usa...

Space science for applications - The history of Landsat

Science.gov (United States)

Mach, P. E.

1981-01-01

The history of the Landsat project is discussed in terms of three historical phases, each characterized by a dominant problem. From 1964 to 1967, the challenge was to develop interagency cooperation and to achieve consensus on basic plans for the satellite. Between 1968 and 1971, the cooperating agencies had to persuade the Bureau of the Budget to provide funding for the project. Since 1972, the challenge to NASA has been to encourage applications of the Landsat data and plan the shift from an experimental program to an operational one. The tension between experimental and operational goals has run through all these phases, and the conflicts between agencies is detailed, as well as the interaction between technological and political systems.

Combination of Landsat and Sentinel-2 MSI data for initial assessing of burn severity

Science.gov (United States)

Quintano, C.; Fernández-Manso, A.; Fernández-Manso, O.

2018-02-01

Nowadays Earth observation satellites, in particular Landsat, provide a valuable help to forest managers in post-fire operations; being the base of post-fire damage maps that enable to analyze fire impacts and to develop vegetation recovery plans. Sentinel-2A MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) records data in similar spectral wavelengths that Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), and has higher spatial and temporal resolutions. This work compares two types of satellite-based maps for evaluating fire damage in a large wildfire (around 8000 ha) located in Sierra de Gata (central-western Spain) on 6-11 August 2015. 1) burn severity maps based exclusively on Landsat data; specifically, on differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and on its relative versions (Relative dNBR, RdNBR, and Relativized Burn Ratio, RBR) and 2) burn severity maps based on the same indexes but combining pre-fire data from Landsat 8 OLI with post-fire data from Sentinel-2A MSI data. Combination of both Landsat and Sentinel-2 data might reduce the time elapsed since forest fire to the availability of an initial fire damage map. Interpretation of ortho-photograph Pléiades 1 B data (1:10,000) provided us the ground reference data to measure the accuracy of both burn severity maps. Results showed that Landsat based burn severity maps presented an adequate assessment of the damage grade (κ statistic = 0.80) and its spatial distribution in wildfire emergency response. Further using both Landsat and Sentinel-2 MSI data the accuracy of burn severity maps, though slightly lower (κ statistic = 0.70) showed an adequate level for be used by forest managers.

Shape selection in Landsat time series: A tool for monitoring forest dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Gretchen G. Moisen; Mary C. Meyer; Todd A. Schroeder; Xiyue Liao; Karen G. Schleeweis; Elizabeth A. Freeman; Chris Toney

2016-01-01

We present a new methodology for fitting nonparametric shape-restricted regression splines to time series of Landsat imagery for the purpose of modeling, mapping, and monitoring annual forest disturbance dynamics over nearly three decades. For each pixel and spectral band or index of choice in temporal Landsat data, our method delivers a smoothed rendition of...

Comparison of Sentinel-2A and Landsat-8 Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) over Southern Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Li, J.; Roy, D. P.; Zhang, H.

2016-12-01

The Landsat satellites have been providing moderate resolution imagery of the Earth's surface for over 40 years with continuity provided by the Landsat 8 and planned Landsat 9 missions. The European Space Agency Sentinel-2 satellite was successfully launched into a polar sun-synchronous orbit in 2015 and carries the Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) that has Landsat-like bands and acquisition coverage. These new sensors acquire images at view angles ± 7.5° (Landsat) and ± 10.3° (Sentinel-2) from nadir that result in small directional effects in the surface reflectance. When data from adjoining paths, or from long time series are used, a model of the surface anisotropy is required to adjust observations to a uniform nadir view (primarily for visual consistency, vegetation monitoring, or detection of subtle surface changes). Recently a generalized approach was published that provides consistent Landsat view angle corrections to provide nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance (NBAR). Because the BRDF shapes of different terrestrial surfaces are sufficiently similar over the narrow 15° Landsat field of view, a fixed global set of MODIS BRDF spectral model parameters was shown to be adequate for Landsat NBAR derivation with little sensitivity to the land cover type, condition, or surface disturbance. This poster demonstrates the application of this methodology to Sentinel-2 data over a west-east transect across southern Africa. The reflectance differences between adjacent overlapping paths in the forward and backward scatter directions are quantified for both before and after BRDF correction. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 reflectance and NBAR inter-comparison results considering different stages of cloud and saturation filtering, and filtering to reduce surface state differences caused by acquisition time differences, demonstrate the utility of the approach. The relevance and limitations of the corrections for providing consistent moderate resolution reflectance are discussed.

Imagen social de las enfermeras y estrategias de comunicación pública para conseguir una imagen positiva Social image of nursing and public communication satrategies to obtain a positive image

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Ángel Calvo Calvo

2011-09-01

Full Text Available La identidad o esencia de las enfermeras no coincide con su imagen social pues continua plagada de estereotipos, y el público sigue percibiendo una imagen dependiente y poco profesional de las enfermeras. Esa discordancia entre identidad e imagen, en parte se debe a que las propias enfermeras no se han preocupado suficientemente, de modo individual y colectivo, por comunicar eficazmente su verdadera identidad a la sociedad. Y para transmitir la identidad de las enfermeras estas deben comunicar a la sociedad su función y quehacer, para lo cual conviene que las instituciones enfermeras cuenten con gabinetes de comunicación eficientes y bien estructurados, y que las enfermeras integren en su práctica profesional el uso de recursos de la comunicación pública, tales como aplicar las nuevas tecnologías en su práctica diaria, difundir científica y masivamente su producción intelectual, divulgarla e informar a los medios de actividades enfermeras susceptibles de convertirse en producto informativo.The identity or essence of nursing does not match their social image as this profession continues to be full of stereotypes and the general public still retains the idea of dependence and lack of professionalism of nurses. This lack of concordance between image and identity is partly due to the fact that nurses themselves have not cared enough, both individually and as a group, to communicate effectively their true identity to society. In order to transmit the identity of nursing, these professionals must explain their tasks and functions to society. In this sense, nursing institutions should have at their disposal efficient and well organized communication departments. Also, nurses should include in their daily practice the use of public communication resources such as the application of ITCs to their tasks, the mass divulgation of their intellectual production in scientific publications, the broadcasting of nursing activities which could become

Tabular data base construction and analysis from thematic classified Landsat imagery of Portland, Oregon

Science.gov (United States)

Bryant, N. A.; George, A. J., Jr.; Hegdahl, R.

1977-01-01

A systematic verification of Landsat data classifications of the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area has been undertaken on the basis of census tract data. The degree of systematic misclassification due to the Bayesian classifier used to process the Landsat data was noted for the various suburban, industrialized and central business districts of the metropolitan area. The Landsat determinations of residential land use were employed to estimate the number of automobile trips generated in the region and to model air pollution hazards.

Diagrama e catástrofe: Deleuze e a produção de imagens pictóricas

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Cíntia Vieira da Silva

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo é uma leitura das duas primeiras aulas proferidas por Deleuze em torno da pintura no início de 1981. Seu intuito é expor a articulação entre os conceitos de catástrofe (ou caos, conforme o vocabulário escolhido seja o das aulas ou o de O que é a filosofia? e de diagrama. Tal par conceitual encontra-se no cerne da produção de fatos pictóricos ou novas imagens com força suficiente para se contrapor ao conjunto de imagens-clichê. Diagrama designa o procedimento por meio do qual o pintor obtém algum ordenamento do caos resultante da dissolução das imagens já vistas e tornadas clichê, permitindo, ainda assim, a continuidade da ação das forças de deformação advindas do caos. Outro tema visitado pelo artigo é a primazia conferida por Deleuze à relação da pintura com o tempo, em detrimento daquela entretida com o espaço. Interessante notar que não só a definição desses conceitos, como também o vocabulário empregado para nomeá-los atesta que foram criados em meio ao estudo das obras pictóricas e textuais dos pintores, como que em parceria com estes.

LEDAPS Landsat Calibration, Reflectance, Atmospheric Correction Preprocessing Code

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — ABSTRACT: The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) is a NASA project to map disturbance, regrowth, and permanent forest conversion...

Estimativa de imagens solares soho através de redes neurais artificiais

Science.gov (United States)

Andrade, M. C.; Fernandes, F. C. R.; Cecatto, J. R.; Rios Neto, A.; Rosa, R. R.; Sawant, H. S.

2003-08-01

A Rede Neural Artificial (RNA), no âmbito da teoria computacional, constitui uma teoria emergente que, por possuir habilidade em aprender a partir de dados de entrada, encontra diferentes aplicações em diferentes áreas. Um exemplo é a utilização de RNA na caracterização de padrões associados à dinâmica de processos espaço-temporais relacionados a fenômenos físicos não-lineares. Para obter informações sobre o comportamento destes fenômenos físicos utiliza-se, em diversos casos, seqüências de imagens digitalizadas, onde a caracterização de alguns fenômenos espaço-temporais é o procedimento mais viável para descrever a dinâmica das regiões ativas do Sol. Com base em imagens observadas por telescópios a bordo de satélites, estudos de previsão de eventos solares podem ser programados, permitindo prever possíveis efeitos posteriores nas regiões mais próximas da Terra (tempestades geomagnéticas e irregularidades ionosféricas). Neste trabalho avaliamos o desempenho da RNA para estimar padrões espaço-temporais, ou seja, imagens solares em ultravioleta, obtidas através do telescópio a bordo do satélite SOHO. Os resultados mostraram que as RNA conseguem generalizar os padrões de maneira satisfatória sem perder de forma significativa os principais aspectos da configuração global da atmosfera solar, comprovando a eficácia da RNA como ferramenta para esse tipo de aplicação. Portanto, este trabalho comprova a viabilidade de uso desta ferramenta em projetos voltados ao estudo do comportamento solar, em trabalhos do grupo de Física do Meio Interplanetário (FMI) na DAS e em programas desenvolvidos pelo Núcleo de Simulação e Análise de Sistemas Complexos (NUSASC) do Laboratório Associado de Computação e Matemática Aplicada (LAC) do INPE.

Online Global Land Surface Temperature Estimation from Landsat

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David Parastatidis

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This study explores the estimation of land surface temperature (LST for the globe from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 thermal infrared sensors, using different surface emissivity sources. A single channel algorithm is used for consistency among the estimated LST products, whereas the option of using emissivity from different sources provides flexibility for the algorithm’s implementation to any area of interest. The Google Earth Engine (GEE, an advanced earth science data and analysis platform, allows the estimation of LST products for the globe, covering the time period from 1984 to present. To evaluate the method, the estimated LST products were compared against two reference datasets: (a LST products derived from ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, as higher-level products based on the temperature-emissivity separation approach; (b Landsat LST data that have been independently produced, using different approaches. An overall RMSE (root mean square error of 1.52 °C was observed and it was confirmed that the accuracy of the LST product is dependent on the emissivity; different emissivity sources provided different LST accuracies, depending on the surface cover. The LST products, for the full Landsat 5, 7 and 8 archives, are estimated “on-the-fly” and are available on-line via a web application.

Perspective View with Landsat Overlay, Salt Lake City, Utah

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

Most of the population of Utah lives just west of the Wasatch Mountains in the north central part of the state. This broad east-northeastward view shows that region with the cities of Ogden, Salt Lake City, and Provo seen from left to right. The Great Salt Lake (left) and Utah Lake (right) are quite shallow and appear greenish in this enhanced natural color view. Thousands of years ago ancient Lake Bonneville covered all of the lowlands seen here. Its former shoreline is clearly seen as a wave-cut bench and/or light colored 'bathtub ring' at several places along the base of the mountain front - evidence seen from space of our ever-changing planet.This 3-D perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), a Landsat 5 satellite image mosaic, and a false sky. Topographic expression is exaggerated four times.Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter (98-foot) resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyzing the large and growing Landsat image archive, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Elevation data used in this image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on Feb. 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. SRTM was designed to collect 3-D measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter (approximately 200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif

A time-series analysis of flood disaster around Lena river using Landsat TM/ETM+

Science.gov (United States)

Sakai, Toru; Hatta, Shigemi; Okumura, Makoto; Takeuchi, Wataru; Hiyama, Tetsuya; Inoue, Gen

2010-05-01

Landsat satellite has provided a continuous record of earth observation since 1972, gradually improving sensors (i.e. MSS, TM and ETM+). Already processed archives of Landsat image are now available free of charge from the internet. The Landsat image of 30 m spatial resolution with multiple spectral bands between 450 and 2350 nm is appropriate for detailed mapping of natural resource at wide geographical areas. However, one of the biggest concerns in the use of Landsat image is the uncertainty in the timing of acquisitions. Although detection of land cover change usually requires acquisitions before and after the change, the Landsat image is often unavailable because of the long-term intervals (16 days) and variation in atmosphere. Nearly cloud-free image is acquired at least once per year (total of 22 or 23 scenes per year). Therefore, it may be difficult to acquire appropriate images for monitoring natural disturbances caused at short-term intervals (e.g., flood, forest fire and hurricanes). Our objectives are: (1) to examine whether a time-series of Landsat image is available for monitoring a flood disaster, and (2) to evaluate the impact and timing of the flood disaster around Lena river in Siberia. A set of Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite images was used to enable acquisition of cloud-free image, although Landsat ETM+ images include failure of the Scan Line Corrector (SLC) from May 2003. The overlap area of a time series of 20 Landsat TM/ETM+ images (path 120-122, row 17) from April 2007 to August 2007 was clipped (approximately 33 km × 90 km), and the other area was excluded from the analyses. Image classification was performed on each image separately using an unsupervised ISODATA method, and each Landsat TM/ETM+ image was classified into three land cover types: (1) ice, (2) water, and (3) land. From three land cover types, the area of Lena river was estimated. The area of Lena river dramatically changed after spring breakup. The middle part of Lena river around

Integrating Landsat-derived disturbance maps with FIA inventory data: Applications for state-Level forest resource assessments

Science.gov (United States)

Sonja Oswalt; Chengquan Huang; Hua Shi; James Vogelmann; Zhiliang Zhu; Samuel N. Goward; John Coulston

2009-01-01

Landsat images have been widely used for assessing forest characteristics and dynamics. Recently, significant progress has been made towards indepth exploration of the rich Landsat archive kept by the U.S. Geological Survey to improve our under standing of forest disturbance and recovery processes. In this study, we used Landsat images to map forest disturbances at...

Relating LANDSAT ETM+ and forest inventory data for mapping successional stages in a tropical wet forest / Relacionando LANDSAT ETM+ e dados de inventário florestal para mapeamento estádios sucessionais em uma floresta tropical úmida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio G. Gonçalves

2010-10-01

Full Text Available AbstractIn this study, we test whether an existing classification technique based on the integration of LANDSAT ETM+ and forest inventory data enables detailed characterization of successional stages in a tropical wet forest site. The specific objectives were: (1 to map forest age classes across the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica; and (2 to quantify uncertainties in the proposed approach in relation to field data and existing vegetation maps. Although significant relationships between vegetation hight entropy (a surrogate for forest age and ETM+ data were detected, the classification scheme tested in this study was not suitable for characterizing spatial variation in age at La Selva, as evidenced by the error matrix and the low Kappa coefficient (0.129. Factors affecting the performance of the classification at this particular study site include the smooth transition in vegetation structure between intermediate and late successional stages, and the low sensitivity of NDVI to variations in vertical structure at high biomass levels. ResumoNesse estudo, testamos se uma técnica de classificação existente, baseada na integração de imagens LANDSAT ETM+ e os dados de inventário florestal, permite a caracterização detalhada dos estádios sucessionais em uma área de floresta tropical úmida. Os objetivos específicos foram: (1 mapear classes de idade florestal na Estação Biológica La Selva, na Costa Rica, e (2 quantificar as incertezas da abordagem proposta em relação aos dados de campo e mapas de vegetação existente. Apesar de terem sido detectadas relações significativas entre dados ETM+ e medidas de entropia da altura da vegetação (um substituto para a idade florestal o sistema de classificação testados nesse estudo não se demonstrou adequado para caracterizar a variação espacial em idade em La Selva, como evidenciado pela matriz de erro e o baixo coeficiente Kappa (0,129. Fatores que afetam o desempenho da

A Hybrid Color Mapping Approach to Fusing MODIS and Landsat Images for Forward Prediction

OpenAIRE

Chiman Kwan; Bence Budavari; Feng Gao; Xiaolin Zhu

2018-01-01

We present a new, simple, and efficient approach to fusing MODIS and Landsat images. It is well known that MODIS images have high temporal resolution and low spatial resolution, whereas Landsat images are just the opposite. Similar to earlier approaches, our goal is to fuse MODIS and Landsat images to yield high spatial and high temporal resolution images. Our approach consists of two steps. First, a mapping is established between two MODIS images, where one is at an earlier time, t1, and the...

SRTM Perspective View with Landsat Overlay: San Jose, Costa Rica

Science.gov (United States)

2001-01-01

This perspective view shows the capital city of San Jose, Costa Rica, in the right center of the image (gray area). Rising behind it are the volcanoes Irazu, 3402 meters high (11,161 feet) and Turrialba, 3330 meters high (10,925 feet.)Irazu is the highest volcano in Costa Rica and is located in the Irazu Volcano National Park, established in 1955. There have been at least 23 eruptions of Irazu since 1723, the most recent during 1963 to 1965. This activity sent tephra and secondary mudflows into cultivated areas, caused at least 40 deaths, and destroyed 400 houses and some factories.This image was generated in support of the Central American Commission for Environment and Development through an agreement with NASA. The Commission involves eight nations working to develop the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, an effort to study and preserve some of the most biologically diverse regions of the planet.This three-dimensional perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and an enhanced false-color Landsat 7 satellite image. Colors are from Landsat bands 5, 4, and 2 as red, green and blue, respectively. Topographic expression is exaggerated 2X.Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyses of the large and growing Landsat image archive. The Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper image used here was provided to the SRTM by the United States Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.Elevation data used in this image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11,2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. SRTM

La observación de la imagen del cuerpo en las sesiones de psicomotricidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marisa MIR POZO

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo queremos mostrar el proceso de observación llevado a cabo en torno a algunos indicadores del desarrollo afectivo del niño a partir del repertorio de actividades habituales en las sesiones de práctica psicomotriz, con la finalidad de poder evaluar la construcción de una imagen ajustada y positiva.

Assessment of Forest Degradation in Vietnam Using Landsat Time Series Data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James E. Vogelmann

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Landsat time series data were used to characterize forest degradation in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. We conducted three types of image change analyses using Landsat time series data to characterize the land cover changes. Our analyses concentrated on the timeframe of 1973–2014, with much emphasis on the latter part of that range. We conducted a field trip through Lam Dong Province to develop a better understanding of the ground conditions of the region, during which we obtained many photographs of representative forest sites with Global Positioning System locations to assist us in our image interpretations. High-resolution Google Earth imagery and Landsat data of the region were used to validate results. In general, our analyses indicated that many land-use changes have occurred throughout Lam Dong Province, including gradual forest to non-forest transitions. Recent changes are most marked along the relatively narrow interfaces between agricultural and forest areas that occur towards the boundaries of the province. One important observation is that the most highly protected national reserves in the region have not changed much over the entire Landsat timeframe (1972–present. Spectral changes within these regions have not occurred at the same levels as those areas adjacent to the reserves.

Design and implementation of the next generation Landsat satellite communications system

Science.gov (United States)

Mah, Grant R.; O'Brien, Michael; Garon, Howard; Mott, Claire; Ames, Alan; Dearth, Ken

2012-01-01

The next generation Landsat satellite, Landsat 8 (L8), also known as the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), uses a highly spectrally efficient modulation and data formatting approach to provide large amounts of downlink (D/L) bandwidth in a limited X-Band spectrum allocation. In addition to purely data throughput and bandwidth considerations, there were a number of additional constraints based on operational considerations for prevention of interference with the NASA Deep-Space Network (DSN) band just above the L8 D/L band, minimization of jitter contributions to prevent impacts to instrument performance, and the need to provide an interface to the Landsat International Cooperator (IC) community. A series of trade studies were conducted to consider either X- or Ka-Band, modulation type, and antenna coverage type, prior to the release of the request for proposal (RFP) for the spacecraft. Through use of the spectrally efficient rate-7/8 Low-Density Parity-Check error-correction coding and novel filtering, an XBand frequency plan was developed that balances all the constraints and considerations, while providing world-class link performance, fitting 384 Mbits/sec of data into the 375 MHz X-Band allocation with bit-error rates better than 10-12 using an earth-coverage antenna.

(Rexistir com imagens: considerações sobre a produção audiovisual indígena no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karliane Macedo Nunes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo trata das produções audiovisuais indígenas realizadas no Brasil, sobretudo aquelas vinculadas ao projeto Vídeo nas Aldeias, que desde o final dos anos 1980 vem promovendo oficinas de formação audiovisual em diversos territórios, incentivando o protagonismo de jovens indígenas na construção de suas imagens e narrativas. Chama a atenção a forma criativa como os jovens cineastas vem se apropriando das tecnologias de modo a produzir filmes que - para além propósito inicial de registrar e “preservar” a tradição – potencializam as possibilidades abertas pelo cinema, pondo-se a criar novas imagens, (reinventar culturas, abalar imaginários, manter-se em movimento, (rexistir.

Validating gap-filling of Landsat ETM+ satellite images in the Golestan Province, Iran

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mohammdy, M.; Moradi, H.R.; Zeinivand, H.; Temme, A.J.A.M.; Pourghasemi, H.R.; Alizadeh, H.

2014-01-01

The Landsat series of satellites provides a valuable data source for land surface mapping and monitoring. Unfortunately, the scan line corrector (SLC) of the Landsat7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) sensor failed on May 13, 2003. This problem resulted in about 22 % of the pixels per scene not

Data fusion of Landsat TM and IRS images in forest classification

Science.gov (United States)

Guangxing Wang; Markus Holopainen; Eero Lukkarinen

2000-01-01

Data fusion of Landsat TM images and Indian Remote Sensing satellite panchromatic image (IRS-1C PAN) was studied and compared to the use of TM or IRS image only. The aim was to combine the high spatial resolution of IRS-1C PAN to the high spectral resolution of Landsat TM images using a data fusion algorithm. The ground truth of the study was based on a sample of 1,020...

Continental-Scale Mapping of Adelie Penguin Colonies from Landsat Imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Schwaller, Mathew R.; Southwell, Colin; Emmerson, Louise

2013-01-01

Breeding distribution of the Adlie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, was surveyed with Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data in an area covering approximately 330 of longitude along the coastline of Antarctica.An algorithm was designed to minimize radiometric noise and to retrieve Adlie penguin colony location and spatial extent from the ETM+data. In all, 9143 individual pixels were classified as belonging to an Adlie penguin colony class out of the entire dataset of 195 ETM+ scenes, where the dimension of each pixel is 30 m by 30 m,and each scene is approximately 180 km by 180 km. Pixel clustering identified a total of 187 individual Adlie penguin colonies, ranging in size from a single pixel (900 sq m) to a maximum of 875 pixels (0.788 sq km). Colony retrievals have a very low error of commission, on the order of 1% or less, and the error of omission was estimated to be 3% to 4% by population based on comparisons with direct observations from surveys across east Antarctica. Thus, the Landsat retrievals successfully located Adlie penguin colonies that accounted for 96 to 97% of the regional population used as ground truth. Geographic coordinates and the spatial extent of each colony retrieved from the Landsat data are available publically. Regional analysis found several areas where the Landsat retrievals suggest populations that are significantly larger than published estimates. Six Adlie penguin colonies were found that are believed to be previously unreported in the literature.

Applications of LANDSAT data to the integrated economic development of Mindoro, Phillipines

Science.gov (United States)

Wagner, T. W.; Fernandez, J. C.

1977-01-01

LANDSAT data is seen as providing essential up-to-date resource information for the planning process. LANDSAT data of Mindoro Island in the Philippines was processed to provide thematic maps showing patterns of agriculture, forest cover, terrain, wetlands and water turbidity. A hybrid approach using both supervised and unsupervised classification techniques resulted in 30 different scene classes which were subsequently color-coded and mapped at a scale of 1:250,000. In addition, intensive image analysis is being carried out in evaluating the images. The images, maps, and aerial statistics are being used to provide data to seven technical departments in planning the economic development of Mindoro. Multispectral aircraft imagery was collected to compliment the application of LANDSAT data and validate the classification results.

An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Maxwell, S.K.; Nuckols, J.R.; Ward, M.H.; Hoffer, R.M.

2004-01-01

Most land cover maps generated from Landsat imagery involve classification of a wide variety of land cover types, whereas some studies may only need spatial information on a single cover type. For example, we required a map of corn in order to estimate exposure to agricultural chemicals for an environmental epidemiology study. Traditional classification techniques, which require the collection and processing of costly ground reference data, were not feasible for our application because of the large number of images to be analyzed. We present a new method that has the potential to automate the classification of corn from Landsat satellite imagery, resulting in a more timely product for applications covering large geographical regions. Our approach uses readily available agricultural areal estimates to enable automation of the classification process resulting in a map identifying land cover as ‘highly likely corn,’ ‘likely corn’ or ‘unlikely corn.’ To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we produced a map consisting of the three corn likelihood classes using a Landsat image in south central Nebraska. Overall classification accuracy of the map was 92.2% when compared to ground reference data.

El turismo rural-cultural: un modelo de gestión del marketing turístico a nivel local basado en la medida de la imagen del destino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Royo Vela

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El excursionismo y turismo a núcleos de pequeño tamaño con riqueza histórico-patrimonial y ubicados en el entorno rural es evidente en nuestro país. En este trabajo se propone una conceptualización y definición de lo que se entiende por excursionismo y/o turismo en destinos rurales-culturales, una propuesta del conjunto de variables conformadores de la imagen de este tipo de destinos y las características y perfil de este tipo de excursionismo y del excursionista o turista rural-cultural. La investigación empírica realizada, de naturaleza cualitativa y cuantitativa, presenta como principales resultados la identificación del conjunto de componentes cognitivo-afectivos conformadores de la imagen, una alta consistencia interna y correlación de los mismos con la imagen del destino y una descripción de las principales características de este tipo de excursionismo y motivos del excursionista ruralcultural. Sobre esta base se propone un modelo de gestión del marketing turístico a nivel local basado en la imagen del destino y su medida.

Imagen y objetivos de la ciudad funcional: Conjuntos habitacionales modernos, Avda. Los Carrera, Concepción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Fuentes Hernández

2011-11-01

Este trabajo, trata sobre esta avenida, en la que durante el siglo XX, se ubicaron una importante cantidad de conjuntos habitacionales erigidos al amparo de los ideales del urbanismo funcionalista y determinados por instituciones estatales que promovieron la conformación de una imagen ideal de la ciudad moderna.

Children use in sensationalist pictures O uso de crianças em imagens sensacionalistas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Cesar Boni

2005-11-01

Full Text Available This work covers the production and use of sensationalist images of violence though the media, mainly those which include children, and focus on the variables which influence their wide consumption by the public. A case study is drawn over the photographic report on the terrorist attack occurred in Beslan, Russia, as published by Veja. It historically explains how violent images may have an impact on society and finds theoretical approaches and the psychological and market determinants which foster the obsession towards horror. Este trabalho aborda a produção e uso de imagens sensacionalistas de violência pela mídia, principalmente as que incluem crianças, e observa as variáveis que propiciam seu amplo consumo pelo público. Faz um estudo de caso da reportagem fotográfica sobre o ataque terrorista acontecido em Beslan, na Rússia, publicada pela Veja. Verifica historicamente como as imagens violentas de crianças podem impactar a sociedade e busca referenciais teóricos e condicionantes psicológicos e mercadológicos que impulsionam a obsessão pelo horror.

A Useful Tool for Atmospheric Correction and Surface Temperature Estimation of Landsat Infrared Thermal Data

Science.gov (United States)

Rivalland, Vincent; Tardy, Benjamin; Huc, Mireille; Hagolle, Olivier; Marcq, Sébastien; Boulet, Gilles

2016-04-01

Land Surface temperature (LST) is a critical variable for studying the energy and water budgets at the Earth surface, and is a key component of many aspects of climate research and services. The Landsat program jointly carried out by NASA and USGS has been providing thermal infrared data for 40 years, but no associated LST product has been yet routinely proposed to community. To derive LST values, radiances measured at sensor-level need to be corrected for the atmospheric absorption, the atmospheric emission and the surface emissivity effect. Until now, existing LST products have been generated with multi channel methods such as the Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) adapted to ASTER data or the generalized split-window algorithm adapted to MODIS multispectral data. Those approaches are ill-adapted to the Landsat mono-window data specificity. The atmospheric correction methodology usually used for Landsat data requires detailed information about the state of the atmosphere. This information may be obtained from radio-sounding or model atmospheric reanalysis and is supplied to a radiative transfer model in order to estimate atmospheric parameters for a given coordinate. In this work, we present a new automatic tool dedicated to Landsat thermal data correction which improves the common atmospheric correction methodology by introducing the spatial dimension in the process. The python tool developed during this study, named LANDARTs for LANDsat Automatic Retrieval of surface Temperature, is fully automatic and provides atmospheric corrections for a whole Landsat tile. Vertical atmospheric conditions are downloaded from the ERA Interim dataset from ECMWF meteorological organization which provides them at 0.125 degrees resolution, at a global scale and with a 6-hour-time step. The atmospheric correction parameters are estimated on the atmospheric grid using the commercial software MODTRAN, then interpolated to 30m resolution. We detail the processing steps

Spatiotemporal Built-up Land Density Mapping Using Various Spectral Indices in Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS (Case Study: Surakarta City)

Science.gov (United States)

Risky, Yanuar S.; Aulia, Yogi H.; Widayani, Prima

2017-12-01

Spectral indices variations support for rapid and accurate extracting information such as built-up density. However, the exact determination of spectral waves for built-up density extraction is lacking. This study explains and compares the capabilities of 5 variations of spectral indices in spatiotemporal built-up density mapping using Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS in Surakarta City on 2002 and 2015. The spectral indices variations used are 3 mid-infrared (MIR) based indices such as the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Urban Index (UI) and Built-up and 2 visible based indices such as VrNIR-BI (visible red) and VgNIR-BI (visible green). Linear regression statistics between ground value samples from Google Earth image in 2002 and 2015 and spectral indices for determining built-up land density. Ground value used amounted to 27 samples for model and 7 samples for accuracy test. The classification of built-up density mapping is divided into 9 classes: unclassified, 0-12.5%, 12.5-25%, 25-37.5%, 37.5-50%, 50-62.5%, 62.5-75%, 75-87.5% and 87.5-100 %. Accuracy of built-up land density mapping in 2002 and 2015 using VrNIR-BI (81,823% and 73.235%), VgNIR-BI (78.934% and 69.028%), NDBI (34.870% and 74.365%), UI (43.273% and 64.398%) and Built-up (59.755% and 72.664%). Based all spectral indices, Surakarta City on 2000-2015 has increased of built-up land density. VgNIR-BI has better capabilities for built-up land density mapping on Landsat-7 ETM + and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS.

La imagen de los inmigrantes en la ficción televisiva de prime time. Análisis y recomendaciones para los profesionales.

OpenAIRE

Marcos Ramos, María

2014-01-01

[ES] La presente tesis doctoral analiza la imagen de la inmigración en la ficción televisiva de prime time. Gracias al análisis de casi 3.000 personajes de ficción se ha podido realizar una radiografía de la población inmigrante en los relatos ficcionales. Así, la tesis que aquí se presenta tiene como principal objetivo analizar la imagen de los inmigrantes en la ficción televisiva. Se pretende comprobar si la aparición del fenómeno inmigratorio se caracteriza, como concluyeron el resto de...

Efectos de la imagen corporativa en el comportamiento del consumidor. Un estudio aplicado a la banca comercial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Bravo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de las dimensiones de imagen corporativa sobre la satisfacción, compromiso y lealtad del cliente hacia su entidad bancaria, así como el efecto moderador de las variables sexo, edad y tipo de entidad en estas relaciones. A través de un estudio empírico se muestra que la dimensión relacionada con el personal es la que tiene un mayor efecto directo sobre la satisfacción y la lealtad. Asimismo, la dimensión de justicia en precios es la que tiene un mayor efecto directo sobre el compromiso. El análisis comparativo por grupos de sexo y edad señala diferencias en los efectos de algunas de las dimensiones de imagen, si bien no se observan diferencias significativas entre los bancos y las cajas de ahorros.

Imagens que pensam, que sonham, que sentem. Uma proposta ousada?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Baggio

2013-06-01

Full Text Available As imagens podem pensar, de maneira independente, como se fossem sujeitos? Para apresentar e discutir essa ideia, Etienne Samain reuniu textos próprios e de mais nove autores. Inspirados pelos conceitos de Aby Warburg, Gregory Bateson e Didi-Huberman, os artigos tratam de uma teoria da imagem e sua operação metodológica e analítica, especialmente em relação à fotografia. Os textos estão organizados em três partes e se complementam, dialogam e até mesmo se opõem, formando um panorama rico e consistente de outra proposta epistemológica da comunicação.

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Standard Product Generation and Characteristics

Science.gov (United States)

Micijevic, E.; Hayes, R.

2012-12-01

The LDCM's Landsat 8 (L8), planned for launch in February 2013, is the latest satellite in the 40 year history of the Landsat program. The satellite will have two imagers: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). The data from both sensors will be processed and combined into the final Level 1 Terrain (L1T) standard product by the Landsat Product Generation System (LPGS) at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS). Landsat 8 products will nominally have 11 image bands; however, products will still be created if OLI only, or TIRS only collections are acquired. The LPGS is designed to create L1T products from Level 0 data by merging OLI and TIRS outputs and performing systematic radiometric and geometric corrections, followed by precision and terrain corrections that include Ground Control Points (GCP), and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for topographic accuracy. Scenes that have a quality score of 9 or greater and a percent cloud cover less than 40 will be automatically processed. In addition, any archived scene, regardless of cloud cover, can be requested for processing through USGS EROS clients, GloVis or Earth Explorer. While most data will be processed as Level L1T, some scenes will not have ground control or elevation data necessary for precision or terrain correction, respectively. In these cases, the best level of correction will be applied (Level 1G-systematic or Level 1Gt-systematic terrain). The standard Level 1T products will contain scaled Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance data, only for OLI. The conversion between radiance and reflectance within radiometric processing (L1R) will be performed using the band specific coefficients that are proportional to the respective exoatmospheric solar irradiances and the Earth-Sun distance for the scene's acquisition day. The TIRS data will contain scaled at-sensor radiances and no at-sensor brightness temperature or emissivity conversions are planned. For users that

Downscaling of MODIS One Kilometer Evapotranspiration Using Landsat-8 Data and Machine Learning Approaches

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yinghai Ke

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This study presented a MODIS 8-day 1 km evapotranspiration (ET downscaling method based on Landsat 8 data (30 m and machine learning approaches. Eleven indicators including albedo, land surface temperature (LST, and vegetation indices (VIs derived from Landsat 8 data were first upscaled to 1 km resolution. Machine learning algorithms including Support Vector Regression (SVR, Cubist, and Random Forest (RF were used to model the relationship between the Landsat indicators and MODIS 8-day 1 km ET. The models were then used to predict 30 m ET based on Landsat 8 indicators. A total of thirty-two pairs of Landsat 8 images/MODIS ET data were evaluated at four study sites including two in United States and two in South Korea. Among the three models, RF produced the lowest error, with relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE less than 20%. Vegetation greenness related indicators such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI, and vegetation moisture related indicators such as Normalized Difference Infrared Index—Landsat 8 OLI band 7 (NDIIb7 and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI were the five most important features used in RF model. Temperature-based indicators were less important than vegetation greenness and moisture-related indicators because LST could have considerable variation during each 8-day period. The predicted Landsat downscaled ET had good overall agreement with MODIS ET (average rRMSE = 22% and showed a similar temporal trend as MODIS ET. Compared to the MODIS ET product, the downscaled product demonstrated more spatial details, and had better agreement with in situ ET observations (R2 = 0.56. However, we found that the accuracy of MODIS ET was the main control factor of the accuracy of the downscaled product. Improved coarse-resolution ET estimation would result in better finer-resolution estimation. This study proved the potential of using machine learning

Desarrollo de un software de reconocimiento de imagen para ensayos EMC de inmunidad

OpenAIRE

Cerro Gálvez, Ibán

2012-01-01

Desenvolupar un software de reconeixement d'imatge per a detectar mal funcionaments durant els assaigs d'immunitat d'EMC. [ANGLÈS] Develop an image recognition software to detect errors during EMC immunity test. [CASTELLÀ] Desarrollar un software de reconocimiento de imagen para detectar el mal funcionamiento durante los ensayos de inmunidad del EMC. [CATALÀ] Desenvolupar un software de reconeixement d'imatge per a detectar mal funcionaments durant els assaigs d'immunitat d'EMC.

Relleno de huecos en mallas 3D completas mediante algoritmos de restauración de imagen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emiliano Pérez Hernàndez

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este artículo se propone un método para rellenar huecos en objetos 3D. La idea principal es la de utilizar un algoritmo de restauración de imágenes para reconstruir las partes que se han de completar. Para ello es necesario hacer una transformación de los datos de la superficie 3D en datos de imagen 2D. Por tanto, el algoritmo propuesto parte de una etapa inicial de identificación de huecos. A continuación se hace la selección, para cada hueco, de una porción de malla representativa. Seguidamente se calcula el punto de vista o plano de proyección adecuado para obtener una imagen de rango de esa porción de malla. A la imagen de rango obtenida se le aplica el algoritmo de restauración de imagen. Finalmente, se aplica una transformación inversa 2D a 3D y se integra el éresultado con la malla inicial. Se trata de un algoritmo robusto, válido para diversos tipos de huecos y diferentes tamaños de los mismos. Abstract: In this work a method for filling holes in 3D meshes based on a 2D image restoration algorithm is expounded. To do that, data must be converted to a suitable input format, a 3D to 2D transformation is executed by projecting the 3D surface onto a grid. Therefore, the proposed algorithm starts by a first stage of holes identification. Then, a meaningful mesh portiéon is choosen for each hole. Afterward, the suitable plane of projection must be computed to get the range image of the mesh portion. Later, it is applied the restauration image algorithm to the range image. Finally, an inverse transformation 2D to 3D is performed and the new produced data are integrated with the initial mesh. The result is a robust algorithm which works correctly with several kind of holes and for di_erent sizes of them. Palabras clave: visión por computador, gráficos por computador, imágenes digitales, imágenes de rango, restauración de imágenes, Keywords: computer vision, computer graphics, digital images, range images

Bayesian Method for Building Frequent Landsat-Like NDVI Datasets by Integrating MODIS and Landsat NDVI

OpenAIRE

Limin Liao; Jinling Song; Jindi Wang; Zhiqiang Xiao; Jian Wang

2016-01-01

Studies related to vegetation dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes often require Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets with both high spatial resolution and frequent coverage, which cannot be satisfied by a single sensor due to technical limitations. In this study, we propose a new method called NDVI-Bayesian Spatiotemporal Fusion Model (NDVI-BSFM) for accurately and effectively building frequent high spatial resolution Landsat-like NDVI datasets by integrating Moderate Resol...

Irrupción y metamorfosis: la imagen en la poesía de Mario Ortiz. Para una crítica poética

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Porrúa

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La poesía de Mario Ortiz podría pensarse como una escritura crítica dentro de la poesía argentina de los 90, o al menos de su gesto objetivista y su gesto realista. El modo de la crítica es la imagen en tanto irrupción, advenimiento de la imaginación (imago, en el sentido que le da Didi-Huberman que parte, en estos casos, de lo concreto, incluso de lo nimio. La fuerza de la imagen en tanto proceso en la poesía de Ortiz establece un movimiento que le devuelve a los objetos de uso su aura, a la vez que sostiene su definición materialista; un doblez en el que, además, se construye el relicario, la miniatura e incluso la colección. A la vez, puede leerse esta aparición de la imagen como migración y metamorfosis de los objetos tal como aparecen en los poemas más objetivistas y como revisión de sus colecciones

Landsat imagery: a unique resource

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, H.; Sexton, N.; Koontz, L.

2011-01-01

Landsat satellites provide high-quality, multi-spectral imagery of the surface of the Earth. These moderate-resolution, remotely sensed images are not just pictures, but contain many layers of data collected at different points along the visible and invisible light spectrum. These data can be manipulated to reveal what the Earth’s surface looks like, including what types of vegetation are present or how a natural disaster has impacted an area (Fig. 1).

A study of atmospheric diffusion from the LANDSAT imagery. [pollution transport over the ocean

Science.gov (United States)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Viswanadham, Y.; Torsani, J. A.

1981-01-01

LANDSAT multispectral scanner data of the smoke plumes which originated in eastern Cabo Frio, Brazil and crossed over into the Atlantic Ocean, are analyzed to illustrate how high resolution LANDSAT imagery can aid meteorologists in evaluating specific air pollution events. The eleven LANDSAT images selected are for different months and years. The results show that diffusion is governed primarily by water and air temperature differences. With colder water, low level air is very stable and the vertical diffusion is minimal; but water warmer than the air induces vigorous diffusion. The applicability of three empirical methods for determining the horizontal eddy diffusivity coefficient in the Gaussian plume formula was evaluated with the estimated standard deviation of the crosswind distribution of material in the plume from the LANDSAT imagery. The vertical diffusion coefficient in stable conditions is estimated using Weinstock's formulation. These results form a data base for use in the development and validation of meso scale atmospheric diffusion models.

Techniques for land use change detection using Landsat imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Angelici, G. L.; Bryant, N. A.; Friedman, S. Z.

1977-01-01

A variety of procedures were developed for the delineation of areas of land use change using Landsat Multispectral Scanner data and the generation of statistics revealing the nature of the changes involved (i.e., number of acres changed from rural to urban). Techniques of the Image Based Information System were utilized in all stages of the procedure, from logging the Landsat data and registering two frames of imagery, to extracting the changed areas and printing tabulations of land use change in acres. Two alternative methods of delineating land use change are presented while enumerating the steps of the entire process. The Houston, Texas urban area, and the Orlando, Florida urban area, are used as illustrative examples of various procedures.

Application of integrated Landsat, geochemical and geophysical data in mineral exploration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conradsen, K.; Nilsson, G.; Thyrsted, T.; Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse, Copenhagen, Denmark)

1985-01-01

In South Greenland (20000 sq. km) a remote sensing investigation is executed in connection with uranium exploration. The investigation includes analysis of Landsat data, conversion of geological, geochemical and geophysical data to image format compatible with Landsat images, and analysis of the total set of integrated data. The available geochemical data consisted of samples from 2000 sites, analyzed for U, K, Rb, Sr, Nb, Ga, Y, and Fe. The geophysical data comprised airborne gamma-spectrometric measurements and aeromagnetic data. The interpolation routines consisted of a kriging procedure for the geochemical data and a minimum curvature routine for the geophysical data. The analysis of the integrated data set is at a preliminary stage. As example a composite image showing Landsat channel 7, magnetic values, and Fe values as respectively intensity, hue and saturation is analyzed. It reveals alkaline intrusions and basaltic layers as anomalies while other anomalies cannot be accounted for on the basis of the present geological knowledge. 12 references

Automated mapping of persistent ice and snow cover across the western U.S. with Landsat

Science.gov (United States)

Selkowitz, David J.; Forster, Richard R.

2016-01-01

We implemented an automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover (PISC) across the conterminous western U.S. using all available Landsat TM and ETM+ scenes acquired during the late summer/early fall period between 2010 and 2014. Two separate validation approaches indicate this dataset provides a more accurate representation of glacial ice and perennial snow cover for the region than either the U.S. glacier database derived from US Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Raster Graphics (DRG) maps (based on aerial photography primarily from the 1960s–1980s) or the National Land Cover Database 2011 perennial ice and snow cover class. Our 2010–2014 Landsat-derived dataset indicates 28% less glacier and perennial snow cover than the USGS DRG dataset. There are larger differences between the datasets in some regions, such as the Rocky Mountains of Northwest Wyoming and Southwest Montana, where the Landsat dataset indicates 54% less PISC area. Analysis of Landsat scenes from 1987–1988 and 2008–2010 for three regions using a more conventional, semi-automated approach indicates substantial decreases in glaciers and perennial snow cover that correlate with differences between PISC mapped by the USGS DRG dataset and the automated Landsat-derived dataset. This suggests that most of the differences in PISC between the USGS DRG and the Landsat-derived dataset can be attributed to decreases in PISC, as opposed to differences between mapping techniques. While the dataset produced by the automated Landsat mapping approach is not designed to serve as a conventional glacier inventory that provides glacier outlines and attribute information, it allows for an updated estimate of PISC for the conterminous U.S. as well as for smaller regions. Additionally, the new dataset highlights areas where decreases in PISC have been most significant over the past 25–50 years.

Thermal Infrared Radiometric Calibration of the Entire Landsat 4, 5, and 7 Archive (1982-2010)

Science.gov (United States)

Schott, John R.; Hook, Simon J.; Barsi, Julia A.; Markham, Brian L.; Miller, Jonathan; Padula, Francis P.; Raqueno, Nina G.

2012-01-01

Landsat's continuing record of the thermal state of the earth's surface represents the only long term (1982 to the present) global record with spatial scales appropriate for human scale studies (i.e., tens of meters). Temperature drives many of the physical and biological processes that impact the global and local environment. As our knowledge of, and interest in, the role of temperature on these processes have grown, the value of Landsat data to monitor trends and process has also grown. The value of the Landsat thermal data archive will continue to grow as we develop more effective ways to study the long term processes and trends affecting the planet. However, in order to take proper advantage of the thermal data, we need to be able to convert the data to surface temperatures. A critical step in this process is to have the entire archive completely and consistently calibrated into absolute radiance so that it can be atmospherically compensated to surface leaving radiance and then to surface radiometric temperature. This paper addresses the methods and procedures that have been used to perform the radiometric calibration of the earliest sizable thermal data set in the archive (Landsat 4 data). The completion of this effort along with the updated calibration of the earlier (1985 1999) Landsat 5 data, also reported here, concludes a comprehensive calibration of the Landsat thermal archive of data from 1982 to the present

O POTENCIAL DE IMAGENS QUICKBIRD PARA ANÁLISE DO RELEVO DE UM SETOR DO PLANALTO DAS ARAUCÁRIAS, RS: CENTRO DE PESQUISAS E CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA PRÓ-MATA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo da Silva Pinheiro

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa o potencial de imagens com alta resolução espacial (satélite QuickBird para mapear o relevo de um setor do Planalto das Araucárias, no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A área teste foi o Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza PRÓ-MATA. Em 1994, o PRÓ-MATA foi criado para desenvolver estudos e ações visando à conservação da Mata Atlântica. Imagens QuickBird e técnicas de geoprocessamento foram usadas para executar o mapeamento. Foram realizados trabalhos de campo para conhecimento da área e levantamento de pontos de controle, utilizando GPS diferencial. As etapas do trabalho foram: gerar um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE, realizar fusão e corrigir a geometria das imagens QuickBird, mapear a hidrografia e a geomorfologia. A partir do MDE derivaram mapas de declividades, altimetria e visualizações em 3D da área de estudo. O mapa geomorfológico foi criado na escala de 1/15000, sendo considerados aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos do relevo. A rede de drenagem foi mapeada com detalhe. Na área de estudo, o relevo acidentado com altas declividades dificultaram a aquisição dos pontos de controle e a correção geométrica das imagens. Não obstante, a alta resolução espacial das imagens QuickBird permitiu mapear a área com detalhes, auxiliando na otimização dos trabalhos de campo. Os resultados demonstraram que as imagens com alta resolução são adequadas para analisar e mapear o relevo em áreas acidentadas.

Avaliação da morfologia interna de sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg por meio de análise de imagens

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Vanessa Neumann Silva

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Acca sellowiana O. (Berg Burret é uma fruteira nativa da região Sul do Brasil e do Uruguai, que apresenta grande potencial de uso na recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a morfologia interna de sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg por meio da análise de imagens de raios X e relacionar os resultados com a germinação das sementes. Sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg, representadas por três lotes, foram analisadas pelo teste de raios X e, posteriormente, conduzidas ao teste de germinação, com avaliação aos 44 dias após a semeadura. As imagens de raios X foram analisadas com o software ImageJ. A análise das imagens radiográficas de sementes de Acca sellowiana permite a mensuração das áreas internas livres, assim como a determinação da relação entre estas e a germinação. Danos internos detectados por meio de raios X afetam a germinação das sementes.

Calibration and Validation of Landsat Tree Cover in the Taiga−Tundra Ecotone

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Paul Mannix Montesano

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Monitoring current forest characteristics in the taiga−tundra ecotone (TTE at multiple scales is critical for understanding its vulnerability to structural changes. A 30 m spatial resolution Landsat-based tree canopy cover map has been calibrated and validated in the TTE with reference tree cover data from airborne LiDAR and high resolution spaceborne images across the full range of boreal forest tree cover. This domain-specific calibration model used estimates of forest height to determine reference forest cover that best matched Landsat estimates. The model removed the systematic under-estimation of tree canopy cover >80% and indicated that Landsat estimates of tree canopy cover more closely matched canopies at least 2 m in height rather than 5 m. The validation improved estimates of uncertainty in tree canopy cover in discontinuous TTE forests for three temporal epochs (2000, 2005, and 2010 by reducing systematic errors, leading to increases in tree canopy cover uncertainty. Average pixel-level uncertainties in tree canopy cover were 29.0%, 27.1% and 31.1% for the 2000, 2005 and 2010 epochs, respectively. Maps from these calibrated data improve the uncertainty associated with Landsat tree canopy cover estimates in the discontinuous forests of the circumpolar TTE.

Aplicación de técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen avanzadas en el estudio de la cabeza del caballo

OpenAIRE

Manso Díaz, Gabriel

2015-01-01

La cabeza del caballo es una muy compleja anatómicamente lo que dificulta su diagnóstico. Por tanto las técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen son fundamentales.Las técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen avanzadas, resonancia magnética o RM y tomografía computarizada o TC, generan imágenes tomográficas, evitando la superposición de estructuras. La TC se basa en la rotación de un generador de rayos x y una matriz de detectores alrededor del paciente, mientras que la RM se basa en la excitación de teji...

Segmentação das áreas isquêmicas no acidente vascular cerebral utilizando imagens de tomografia computadorizada de perfusão

OpenAIRE

Lilian Contin

2011-01-01

As técnicas de processamento digital de imagens têm sido vastamente aplicadas às imagens médicas. Um dos benefícios ocasionado por estas ferramentas é o de prover medidas de parâmetros que são difíceis de estimar e suscetíveis a viés do médico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um software semi-automático de segmentação das áreas isquêmicas, core e penumbra, no acidente vascular cerebral, utilizando técnicas de segmentação por limiarização e baseada em regiões. Os dois algorit...

Forest management applications of Landsat data in a geographic information system

Science.gov (United States)

Maw, K. D.; Brass, J. A.

1982-01-01

The utility of land-cover data resulting from Landsat MSS classification can be greatly enhanced by use in combination with ancillary data. A demonstration forest management applications data base was constructed for Santa Cruz County, California, to demonstrate geographic information system applications of classified Landsat data. The data base contained detailed soils, digital terrain, land ownership, jurisdictional boundaries, fire events, and generalized land-use data, all registered to a UTM grid base. Applications models were developed from problems typical of fire management and reforestation planning.

A Cubesat enabled Spatio-Temporal Enhancement Method (CESTEM) utilizing Planet, Landsat and MODIS data

KAUST Repository

Houborg, Rasmus

2018-03-19

Satellite sensing in the visible to near-infrared (VNIR) domain has been the backbone of land surface monitoring and characterization for more than four decades. However, a limitation of conventional single-sensor satellite missions is their limited capacity to observe land surface dynamics at the very high spatial and temporal resolutions demanded by a wide range of applications. One solution to this spatio-temporal divide is an observation strategy based on the CubeSat standard, which facilitates constellations of small, inexpensive satellites. Repeatable near-daily image capture in RGB and near-infrared (NIR) bands at 3–4 m resolution has recently become available via a constellation of >130 CubeSats operated commercially by Planet. While the observing capacity afforded by this system is unprecedented, the relatively low radiometric quality and cross-sensor inconsistencies represent key challenges in the realization of their full potential as a game changer in Earth observation. To address this issue, we developed a Cubesat Enabled Spatio-Temporal Enhancement Method (CESTEM) that uses a multi-scale machine-learning technique to correct for radiometric inconsistencies between CubeSat acquisitions. The CESTEM produces Landsat 8 consistent atmospherically corrected surface reflectances in blue, green, red, and NIR bands, but at the spatial scale and temporal frequency of the CubeSat observations. An application of CESTEM over an agricultural dryland system in Saudi Arabia demonstrated CubeSat-based reproduction of Landsat 8 consistent VNIR data with an overall relative mean absolute deviation of 1.6% or better, even when the Landsat 8 and CubeSat acquisitions were temporally displaced by >32 days. The consistently high retrieval accuracies were achieved using a multi-scale target sampling scheme that draws Landsat 8 reference data from a series of scenes by using MODIS-consistent surface reflectance time series to quantify relative changes in Landsat

Remote Sensing of Residue Management in Farms using Landsat 8 Sensor Imagery

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M. A Rostami

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Introduction Preserving of crop residues in the field surface after harvesting crops, making difficult farm operations. The farmers for getting rid of crop residues always choose the easiest way, i.e. burning. Burning is one of the common disposal methods for wheat and corn straw in some region of the world. Present study was aimed to investigate the accurate methods for monitoring of residue management after wheat harvesting. With this vision, the potential of Landsat 8 sensor was evaluated for monitoring of residue burning, using satellite spectral indices and Linear Spectral Unmixing Analysis. For this purpose, correlation of ground data with satellite spectral indices and LSUA data were tested by linear regression. Materials and Methods In this study we considered 12 farms where remained plants were burned, 12 green farm, 12 bare farms and 12 farms with full crop residue cover were considered. Spatial coordinates of experimental fields recorded with a GPS and fields map were drawn using ArcGissoftware, version of 10.1. In this study,t wo methods were used to separate burned fields from other farms including Satellite Spectral Indices and Linear Spectral unmixing analysis. In this study, multispectral landsat 8 image was acquired over 2015 year. Landsat 8 products are delivered to the customer as radiometric, sensor, and geometric corrections. Image pixels are unique to Landsat 8 data, and should not be directly compared to imagery from other sensors. Therefore, DN value must be converted to radiance value in order to change the radiance to the reflectance, which is useful when performing spectral analysis techniques, such as transformations, band ratios and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, etc. In this study, a number of spectral indices and Linear Spectral Unmixing Analysis data were imported/extracted from Landsat 8 image. All satellite image data were analyzed by ENVI software package. The spectral indices used in this

Imagen turística de los países latinoamericanos en el mercado español

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Emira Josefina Rodríguez Ducallín

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La imagen turística en un país es un factor clave en su elección como destino. Conocerla es de vital importancia puesto que ella permite definir su posición competitiva y establecer las estrategias de marketing para su comercialización en el mercado turístico internacional. Bajo esta perspectiva se pretendió conocer la imagen de 6 países latinoamericanos (México, Cuba, Venezuela, República Dominicana, Brasil y Centroamérica utilizando para ello un estudio descriptivo. La información se recogió de una muestra de 1.000 personas en la ciudad de Madrid, haciendo uso del diferencial semántico para valorar los atributos y se obtuvo como resultado de forma general que los países latinoamericanos son considerados por el mercado español como amigos, alegres, acogedores, con sol, buen clima entre otros, pero también fueron percibidos, inseguros, poco desarrollados, con inestabilidad política y pobres.

Regional analysis of Landsat data concerning unconformity-vein uranium deposits, Pine Creek Geosyncline, Australia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raines, G.L.

1982-01-01

Linear features mapped from enhanced Landsat images in zones defining lineaments trending northeast and east-northeast across the uranium area of northern Australia. A model using Landsat data to select areas for uranium exploration is proposed, based on the observed spatial relation of uranium deposits and the newly defined major lineaments

Entre prisões da imagem, imagens da prisão

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Fernanda Spanier Amador

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O artigo discute a temática das prisões, da imagem e da subjetividade. Pensando na direção das análises foucaultianas de que as prisões estão estabelecidas nos mais ínfimos espaços da vida cotidiana pelas práticas disciplinares e por jogos de visibilidade e enunciabilidade, pergunta-se: como a experimentação de produção de imagens digitais a respeito do trabalho na prisão, por parte de trabalhadores penitenciários, pode criar um plano perturbador das tecnologias prisionais já estabelecidas, introduzindo dissonâncias nas enunciabilidades e nas visibilidades que atravessam a prisão?

Data-driven simulations of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) platform

Science.gov (United States)

Gerace, Aaron; Gartley, Mike; Schott, John; Raqueño, Nina; Raqueño, Rolando

2011-06-01

The Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) are two new sensors being developed by the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) that will extend over 35 years of archived Landsat data. In a departure from the whiskbroom design used by all previous generations of Landsat, the LDCM system will employ a pushbroom technology. Although the newly adopted modular array, pushbroom architecture has several advantages over the previous whiskbroom design, registration of the multi-spectral data products is a concern. In this paper, the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) tool was used to simulate an LDCM collection, which gives the team access to data that would not otherwise be available prior to launch. The DIRSIG model was used to simulate the two-instrument LDCM payload in order to study the geometric and radiometric impacts of the sensor design on the proposed processing chain. The Lake Tahoe area located in eastern California was chosen for this work because of its dramatic change in elevation, which was ideal for studying the geometric effects of the new Landsat sensor design. Multi-modal datasets were used to create the Lake Tahoe site model for use in DIRSIG. National Elevation Dataset (NED) data were used to create the digital elevation map (DEM) required by DIRSIG, QuickBird data were used to identify different material classes in the scene, and ASTER and Hyperion spectral data were used to assign radiometric properties to those classes. In order to model a realistic Landsat orbit in these simulations, orbital parameters were obtained from a Landsat 7 two-line element set and propagated with the SGP4 orbital position model. Line-of-sight vectors defining how the individual detector elements of the OLI and TIRS instruments project through the optics were measured and provided by NASA. Additionally, the relative spectral response functions for the 9 bands of OLI and the 2 bands of TIRS were measured and provided by NASA

a Landsat Time-Series Stacks Model for Detection of Cropland Change

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, J.; Chen, J.; Zhang, J.

2017-09-01

Global, timely, accurate and cost-effective cropland monitoring with a fine spatial resolution will dramatically improve our understanding of the effects of agriculture on greenhouse gases emissions, food safety, and human health. Time-series remote sensing imagery have been shown particularly potential to describe land cover dynamics. The traditional change detection techniques are often not capable of detecting land cover changes within time series that are severely influenced by seasonal difference, which are more likely to generate pseuso changes. Here,we introduced and tested LTSM ( Landsat time-series stacks model), an improved Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) proposed previously approach to extract spectral trajectories of land surface change using a dense Landsat time-series stacks (LTS). The method is expected to eliminate pseudo changes caused by phenology driven by seasonal patterns. The main idea of the method is that using all available Landsat 8 images within a year, LTSM consisting of two term harmonic function are estimated iteratively for each pixel in each spectral band .LTSM can defines change area by differencing the predicted and observed Landsat images. The LTSM approach was compared with change vector analysis (CVA) method. The results indicated that the LTSM method correctly detected the "true change" without overestimating the "false" one, while CVA pointed out "true change" pixels with a large number of "false changes". The detection of change areas achieved an overall accuracy of 92.37 %, with a kappa coefficient of 0.676.

CALIBRATION/VALIDATION OF LANDSAT-DERIVED OCEAN COLOUR PRODUCTS IN BOSTON HARBOUR

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N. Pahlevan

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The Landsat data archive provides a unique opportunity to investigate the long-term evolution of coastal ecosystems at fine spatial scales that cannot be resolved by ocean colour (OC satellite sensors. Recognizing Landsat’s limitations in applications over coastal waters, we have launched a series of field campaigns in Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay (MA, USA to validate OC products derived from Landsat-8. We will provide a preliminary demonstration on the calibration/validation of the existing OC algorithms (atmospheric correction and in-water optical properties to enhance monitoring efforts in Boston Harbor. To do so, Landsat optical images were first compared against ocean colour products over high-latitude regions. The in situ cruise data, including optical data (remote sensing reflectance and water samples were analyzed to obtain insights into the optical and biogeochemical properties of near-surface waters. Along with the cruise data, three buoys were deployed in three locations across the Harbor to complement our database of concentrations of chlorophyll a, total suspended solids (TSS, and absorption of colour dissolved organic matter (CDOM. The data collected during the first year of the project are used to develop and/or tune OC algorithms. The data will be combined with historic field data to map in-water constituents back to the early 1990’s. This paper presents preliminary analysis of some of the data collected under Landsat-8 overpasses.

Pensamento social, ciência e imagens do Brasil: tradições revisitadas pelos educadores brasileiros

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Marcos Freitas Cezar de

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa dois momentos decisivos no âmbito da história das idéias no Brasil. Imagens e sínteses do Brasil tornaram-se referências fundamentais na história da cultura brasileira, especialmente aquelas produzidas por uma “tradição realista”, que vem desde o século XIX, por intermédio dos escritos do Visconde do Uruguai, e prossegue com Silvio Romero, com Alberto Torres, com Oliveira Vianna e com Alberto Guerreiro Ramos. Tais autores deram vida à imagem do Brasil cindido em dois brasis: o país legal e o país real. A partir de 1902, o marco fundamental dessa tradição passará a ser Euclides da Cunha, autor que projetou o sertão como “metáfora para a nação”. Nos anos cinqüentas, ao redor de Anísio Teixeira, intelectuais como Antonio Candido, Florestan Fernandes, Luiz Pereira, Fernando de Azevedo e muitos antropólogos mergulharam novamente nas metáforas euclidianas e compuseram novas imagens sobre a cultura regional no Brasil que se modernizava

Valuing geospatial information: Using the contingent valuation method to estimate the economic benefits of Landsat satellite imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Loomis, John; Koontz, Steve; Miller, Holly M.; Richardson, Leslie A.

2015-01-01

While the U.S. government does not charge for downloading Landsat images, the images have value to users. This paper demonstrates a method that can value Landsat and other imagery to users. A survey of downloaders of Landsat images found: (a) established US users have a mean value of $912 USD per scene; (b) new US users and users returning when imagery became free have a mean value of $367 USD per scene. Total US user benefits for the 2.38 million scenes downloaded is $1.8 billion USD. While these benefits indicate a high willingness-to-pay among many Landsat downloaders, it would be economically inefficient for the US government to charge for Landsat imagery. Charging a price of $100 USD a scene would result in an efficiency loss of $37.5 million a year. This economic information should be useful to policy-makers who must decide about the future of this and similar remote sensing programs.

Global Man-made Impervious Surface (GMIS) Dataset From Landsat

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Global Man-made Impervious Surface (GMIS) Dataset From Landsat consists of global estimates of fractional impervious cover derived from the Global Land Survey...

Una introducción a la imagen literaria del pintor en la España del Siglo de Oro

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Javier Portús Pérez

1999-01-01

Full Text Available La literatura española es extraordinariamente rica en referencias a artistas. En este artículo se estudia la imagen que se deriva de esas alusiones y se reflexiona sobre los intereses sociales e intelectuales que se hallan detrás de esa imagen. También se trata sobre el carácter instrumental que a veces tenían las menciones a pintores para predisponer a la opinión pública hacia este grupo profesional.Spanish literature includes an extraordinary number of mentions to artists. This article studies the idea of the artist that emerges from these literary references, and the social and intellectual concerns that lie behind them. It also deals with the way in which mentions to painters could be used in orden to gain public support for that profession.

Enhancing a Simple MODIS Cloud Mask Algorithm for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Michael J.; Oreopoulos, Lazarous

2011-01-01

The presence of clouds in images acquired by the Landsat series of satellites is usually an undesirable, but generally unavoidable fact. With the emphasis of the program being on land imaging, the suspended liquid/ice particles of which clouds are made of fully or partially obscure the desired observational target. Knowing the amount and location of clouds in a Landsat scene is therefore valuable information for scene selection, for making clear-sky composites from multiple scenes, and for scheduling future acquisitions. The two instruments in the upcoming Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will include new channels that will enhance our ability to detect high clouds which are often also thin in the sense that a large fraction of solar radiation can pass through them. This work studies the potential impact of these new channels on enhancing LDCM's cloud detection capabilities compared to previous Landsat missions. We revisit a previously published scheme for cloud detection and add new tests to capture more of the thin clouds that are harder to detect with the more limited arsenal channels. Since there are no Landsat data yet that include the new LDCM channels, we resort to data from another instrument, MODIS, which has these bands, as well as the other bands of LDCM, to test the capabilities of our new algorithm. By comparing our revised scheme's performance against the performance of the official MODIS cloud detection scheme, we conclude that the new scheme performs better than the earlier scheme which was not very good at thin cloud detection.

Chesapeake Bay plume dynamics from LANDSAT

Science.gov (United States)

Munday, J. C., Jr.; Fedosh, M. S.

1981-01-01

LANDSAT images with enhancement and density slicing show that the Chesapeake Bay plume usually frequents the Virginia coast south of the Bay mouth. Southwestern (compared to northern) winds spread the plume easterly over a large area. Ebb tide images (compared to flood tide images) show a more dispersed plume. Flooding waters produce high turbidity levels over the shallow northern portion of the Bay mouth.

Landsat TM and ETM+ Kansas Satellite Image Database (KSID)

Data.gov (United States)

Kansas Data Access and Support Center — The Kansas Satellite Image Database (KSID):2000-2001 consists of terrain-corrected, precision rectified spring, summer, and fall Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and...

Mapping forest tree species over large areas with partially cloudy Landsat imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Turlej, K.; Radeloff, V.

2017-12-01

Forests provide numerous services to natural systems and humankind, but which services forest provide depends greatly on their tree species composition. That makes it important to track not only changes in forest extent, something that remote sensing excels in, but also to map tree species. The main goal of our work was to map tree species with Landsat imagery, and to identify how to maximize mapping accuracy by including partially cloudy imagery. Our study area covered one Landsat footprint (26/28) in Northern Wisconsin, USA, with temperate and boreal forests. We selected this area because it contains numerous tree species and variable forest composition providing an ideal study area to test the limits of Landsat data. We quantified how species-level classification accuracy was affected by a) the number of acquisitions, b) the seasonal distribution of observations, and c) the amount of cloud contamination. We classified a single year stack of Landsat-7, and -8 images data with a decision tree algorithm to generate a map of dominant tree species at the pixel- and stand-level. We obtained three important results. First, we achieved producer's accuracies in the range 70-80% and user's accuracies in range 80-90% for the most abundant tree species in our study area. Second, classification accuracy improved with more acquisitions, when observations were available from all seasons, and is the best when images with up to 40% cloud cover are included. Finally, classifications for pure stands were 10 to 30 percentage points better than those for mixed stands. We conclude that including partially cloudy Landsat imagery allows to map forest tree species with accuracies that were previously only possible for rare years with many cloud-free observations. Our approach thus provides important information for both forest management and science.

Un enfoque de gestión de la imagen de marca de los destinos turísticos basado en las características del turista.

OpenAIRE

San Martín Gutiérrez, Héctor; Rodríguez del Bosque Rodríguez, Ignacio Alfredo

2010-01-01

RESUMEN. La generación de asociaciones de marca favorables, fuertes y únicas en la mente de los turistas, más conocido como branding, resulta básica en la consecución de una buena imagen y posicionamiento de los destinos turísticos en sus mercados objetivo. En este contexto, en la investigación de turismo se ha puesto de manifiesto recientemente la necesidad de estudiar con mayor profundidad de lo hecho hasta el momento en la literatura la formación de la imagen de marca de los de...

Discriminação de variedades de citros em imagens CCD/CBERS-2 Discrimination of citrus varieties using CCD/CBERS-2 satellite imagery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ieda Del'Arco Sanches

2008-02-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as imagens CCD/CBERS-2 quanto à possibilidade de discriminarem variedades de citros. A área de estudo localiza-se em Itirapina (SP e, para este estudo, foram utilizadas imagens CCD de três datas (30/05/2004, 16/08/2004 e 11/09/2004. Um modelo que integra os elementos componentes da cena citrícola sensoriada é proposto com o objetivo de explicar a variabilidade das respostas das parcelas de citros em imagens orbitais do tipo CCD/CBERS-2. Foram feitas classificações pelos algoritmos Isoseg e Maxver e, de acordo com o índice kappa, concluiu-se que é possível obterem-se exatidões qualificadas como muito boas, sendo que as melhores classificações foram conseguidas com imagens da estação seca.This paper was aimed at evaluating the possibility of discriminating citrus varieties in CCD imageries from CBERS-2 satellite ("China-Brazil Earth Resouces Satellite". The study area is located in Itirapina, São Paulo State. For this study, three CCD images from 2004 were acquired (May 30, August 16, and September 11. In order to acquire a better understanding and for explaining the variability of the spectral behavior of the citrus areas in orbital images (like as the CCD/CBERS-2 images a model that integrates the elements of the citrus scene is proposed and discussed. The images were classified by Isoseg and MaxVer classifiers. According to kappa index, it was possible to obtain classifications qualified as 'very good'. The best results were obtained with the images from the dry season.

Georeferenced database generation with the purpose of hydrologic molding in reservoirs of the hydrographic basin of Jaguaribe river in the state of Ceará, Brazil Geração de base de dados georreferenciada com finalidade de modelagem hidrológica em reservatórios da bacia hidrográfica do rio Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brasil

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Raimundo A. de O. Leão

2013-04-01

Full Text Available The edafoclimatic conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region favor the water loss by surface runoff. The state of Ceará, almost completely covered by semiarid, has developed public policies for the construction of dams in order to attend the varied water demand. Several hydrological models were developed to support decisive processes in the complex management of reservoirs. This study aimed to establish a methodology for obtaining a georeferenced database suitable for use as input data in hydrological modeling in the semiarid of Ceará. It was used images of Landsat satellite and SRTM Mission, and soil maps of the state of Ceará. The Landsat images allowed the determination of the land cover and the SRTM Mission images, the automatic delineation of hydrographic basins. The soil type was obtained through the soil map. The database was obtained for Jaguaribe River hydrographic basin, in the state of Ceará, and is applicable to hydrological modeling based on the Curve Number method for estimating the surface runoff.As condições edafoclimáticas do semiárido brasileiro favorecem a perda de água por escoamento superficial. O Estado do Ceará,quase totalmente abrangido pelo semiárido, desenvolveu políticas públicas voltadas para a construção de açudes,a fim de atender à demanda hídrica diversificada. Vários modelos hidrológicos foram desenvolvidos para subsidiar os processos decisórios no complexo manejo dos reservatórios. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer uma metodologia para a obtenção de uma base de dados georreferenciada e adequada para uso como dados de entrada na modelagem hidrológica,no semiárido cearense. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite Landsat e da missão SRTM, e mapa de solos do Estado do Ceará. As imagens Landsat possibilitaram determinar a cobertura do solo,e as imagens da missão SRTM, a delimitação automática das bacias hidrográficas. O tipo de solo foi obtido por meio do mapa de solos. A

ESTUDO DE ETNOECODESIGN DE IMAGENS SACRAS EM GESSO DANIFICADAS E DESCARTADAS PELO USUÁRIO. ESTUDO DE MODELO SUSTENTÁVEL DE NICHO DE DESCARTE.

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Paulo Sergio de Sena

2016-10-01

Full Text Available O Etnoecodesingn trata-se de um estudo interdisciplinar onde o dialogo envolve os critérios culturais, sociais e ambientais. Os componentes etnoecológicos do estudo das Imagens Sacras de Gesso se materializam no grupo de artesãos tradicionais locais (mais de 100 anos de exploração da técnica e recurso natural gesso. Na produção de imagens sacras, como souvenir, em Aparecida- SP, que agrega processos e materiais que contribuem significativamente para contaminação do ambiente, durante a pré-produção, produção, pós-produção e descarte, principalmente quando houve constatação, no projeto anterior, de matéria prima contaminada por metais pesados. Este trabalho trata dos possíveis impactos causados pelo descarte das imagens, uma vez danificadas, diretamente no ambiente por conta de uma prática cultural denominada de “Santa Cruz” e vem contribuir para o estudo comparado dos atuais modelos de nicho de descarte e a proposta de um modelo mais sustentável para a Santa Cruz.

Biologia: educação e imagens Biology: education and illustrations

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Cristina Bruzzo

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este texto aborda a presença do desenho na educação e divulgação em biologia na obra dos naturalistas nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Estas considerações pretendem estimular uma discussão sobre a possibilidade de as imagens fornecerem uma compreensão singular do mundo natural.The present material shows the presence of the illustration in education and popularization of biology on the work of naturalists in the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries. These thoughts are intended to stimulate discussion on the possibility of images supplying a unique comprehension of natural world.

Classificação de óleos vegetais comestíveis usando imagens digitais e técnicas de reconhecimento de padrões

OpenAIRE

Milanez, Karla Danielle Tavares de Melo

2013-01-01

Este trabalho apresenta um método simples e de baixo custo, baseado na utilização de imagens digitais e técnicas de reconhecimento de padrões, para a classificação de óleos vegetais comestíveis com relação ao tipo (soja, canola, girassol e milho) e ao estado de conservação (prazo de validade expirado e não expirado). Para isso, imagens das amostras de óleos vegetais foram obtidas a partir de uma webcam e, em seguida, as mesmas foram decompostas em histogramas contendo as distribuições dos nív...

Assessment of The trophic state and Chlorophyll-a concentrations using Landsat OLI in Karaoun reservoir, Lebanon

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Ali Fadel

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Fadel, A., Faour G. and Slim K. 2016. Assessment of the trophic state and chlorophyll-a concentrations using Landsat OLI in Karaoun reservoir, Lebanon. Lebanese Science Journal, 17(2: 130-145. Harmful algal blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem. A regular and cost-effective monitoring of these blooms is highly needed by lakes managers. Satellite remote sensing imagery like Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI can be used to assess and monitor chlorophyll-a in water bodies over large areas in a cost-effective way. In this study, the accuracy of Landsat OLI to estimate chlorophyll-a was examined. Four field campaigns and cloud free images of Landsat OLI with 30 m resolution (01 May 2013, 21 August 2013, 10 July 2015, and 11 August 2015 were used in this study to determine the accuracy of Landsat OLI in estimating chlorophyll-a in a 12 km2 freshwater body, Karaoun reservoir. After atmospheric correction of these images, reflectance of single and multiple band combinations were compared to field chlorophyll-a data. Results of field campaigns showed that the trophic state of Karaoun reservoir is still eutrophic to hypereutrophic with high nutrient concentration and low phytoplankton biodiversity, dominated by cyanobacteria species, Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. On single band level, the in situ chlorophyll-a measurement correlated best with band 5 (0.85 - 0.88 µm, with R=0.75 and R2=0.57. Highest correlation (R=0.84 and R2=0.72 was obtained using band combination, B2:B4 band ratio multiplied by B5. Results indicated that Landsat OLI can be used effectively to determine chlorophyll-a concentration in lakes and reservoirs. We recommend the application of Landsat OLI as a satisfactory and cost effective method for monitoring chlorophyll-a in other lakes through-out the world

Imagen corporal como factor de riesgo en los trastornos de la alimentación: una comparación transcultural entre México y España

OpenAIRE

G. GÓMEZ PERESMITRE; M. V. ACOSTA GARCIA

2000-01-01

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar factores de riesgo en trastornos de la alimentación, asociados con imagen corporal y con conducta alimentaria en muestras de mujeres estudiantes igualadas en edad y de diferentes culturas: la española y la mexicana. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de lo que nos aporta la literatura transcultural, y entre los hallazgos más importantes, se encontró que las mexicanas comparten un prototipo ideal de imagen corporal y que ante las mismas situacio...

LANDSAT 8 MULTISPECTRAL AND PANSHARPENED IMAGERY PROCESSING ON THE STUDY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ISSUES

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M. A. Lazaridou

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Scientific and professional interests of civil engineering mainly include structures, hydraulics, geotechnical engineering, environment, and transportation issues. Topics included in the context of the above may concern urban environment issues, urban planning, hydrological modelling, study of hazards and road construction. Land cover information contributes significantly on the study of the above subjects. Land cover information can be acquired effectively by visual image interpretation of satellite imagery or after applying enhancement routines and also by imagery classification. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM – Landsat 8 is the latest satellite in Landsat series, launched in February 2013. Landsat 8 medium spatial resolution multispectral imagery presents particular interest in extracting land cover, because of the fine spectral resolution, the radiometric quantization of 12bits, the capability of merging the high resolution panchromatic band of 15 meters with multispectral imagery of 30 meters as well as the policy of free data. In this paper, Landsat 8 multispectral and panchromatic imageries are being used, concerning surroundings of a lake in north-western Greece. Land cover information is extracted, using suitable digital image processing software. The rich spectral context of the multispectral image is combined with the high spatial resolution of the panchromatic image, applying image fusion – pansharpening, facilitating in this way visual image interpretation to delineate land cover. Further processing concerns supervised image classification. The classification of pansharpened image preceded multispectral image classification. Corresponding comparative considerations are also presented.

Landsat 8 Multispectral and Pansharpened Imagery Processing on the Study of Civil Engineering Issues

Science.gov (United States)

Lazaridou, M. A.; Karagianni, A. Ch.

2016-06-01

Scientific and professional interests of civil engineering mainly include structures, hydraulics, geotechnical engineering, environment, and transportation issues. Topics included in the context of the above may concern urban environment issues, urban planning, hydrological modelling, study of hazards and road construction. Land cover information contributes significantly on the study of the above subjects. Land cover information can be acquired effectively by visual image interpretation of satellite imagery or after applying enhancement routines and also by imagery classification. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM - Landsat 8) is the latest satellite in Landsat series, launched in February 2013. Landsat 8 medium spatial resolution multispectral imagery presents particular interest in extracting land cover, because of the fine spectral resolution, the radiometric quantization of 12bits, the capability of merging the high resolution panchromatic band of 15 meters with multispectral imagery of 30 meters as well as the policy of free data. In this paper, Landsat 8 multispectral and panchromatic imageries are being used, concerning surroundings of a lake in north-western Greece. Land cover information is extracted, using suitable digital image processing software. The rich spectral context of the multispectral image is combined with the high spatial resolution of the panchromatic image, applying image fusion - pansharpening, facilitating in this way visual image interpretation to delineate land cover. Further processing concerns supervised image classification. The classification of pansharpened image preceded multispectral image classification. Corresponding comparative considerations are also presented.

Monitoring water quality in a hypereutrophic reservoir using Landsat ETM+ and OLI sensors: how transferable are the water quality algorithms?

Science.gov (United States)

Deutsch, Eliza S; Alameddine, Ibrahim; El-Fadel, Mutasem

2018-02-15

The launch of the Landsat 8 in February 2013 extended the life of the Landsat program to over 40 years, increasing the value of using Landsat to monitor long-term changes in the water quality of small lakes and reservoirs, particularly in poorly monitored freshwater systems. Landsat-based water quality hindcasting often incorporate several Landsat sensors in an effort to increase the temporal range of observations; yet the transferability of water quality algorithms across sensors remains poorly examined. In this study, several empirical algorithms were developed to quantify chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter (TSM), and Secchi disk depth (SDD) from surface reflectance measured by Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI sensors. Sensor-specific multiple linear regression models were developed by correlating in situ water quality measurements collected from a semi-arid eutrophic reservoir with band ratios from Landsat ETM+ and OLI sensors, along with ancillary data (water temperature and seasonality) representing ecological patterns in algae growth. Overall, ETM+-based models outperformed (adjusted R 2 chlorophyll-a = 0.70, TSM = 0.81, SDD = 0.81) their OLI counterparts (adjusted R 2 chlorophyll-a = 0.50, TSM = 0.58, SDD = 0.63). Inter-sensor differences were most apparent for algorithms utilizing the Blue spectral band. The inclusion of water temperature and seasonality improved the power of TSM and SDD models.

The users, uses, and value of Landsat and other moderate-resolution satellite imagery in the United States-Executive report

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Holly M.; Sexton, Natalie R.; Koontz, Lynne; Loomis, John; Koontz, Stephen R.; Hermans, Caroline

2011-01-01

Moderate-resolution imagery (MRI), such as that provided by the Landsat satellites, provides unique spatial information for use by many people both within and outside of the United States (U.S.). However, exactly who these users are, how they use the imagery, and the value and benefits derived from the information are, to a large extent, unknown. To explore these issues, social scientists at the USGS Fort Collins Science Center conducted a study of U.S.-based MRI users from 2008 through 2010 in two parts: 1) a user identification and 2) a user survey. The objectives for this study were to: 1) identify and classify U.S.-based users of this imagery; 2) better understand how and why MRI, and specifically Landsat, is being used; and 3) qualitatively and quantitatively measure the value and societal benefits of MRI (focusing on Landsat specifically). The results of the survey revealed that respondents from multiple sectors use Landsat imagery in many different ways, as demonstrated by the breadth of project locations and scales, as well as application areas. The value of Landsat imagery to these users was demonstrated by the high importance placed on the imagery, the numerous benefits received from projects using Landsat imagery, the negative impacts if Landsat imagery was no longer available, and the substantial willingness to pay for replacement imagery in the event of a data gap. The survey collected information from users who are both part of and apart from the known user community. The diversity of the sample delivered results that provide a baseline of knowledge about the users, uses, and value of Landsat imagery. While the results supply a wealth of information on their own, they can also be built upon through further research to generate a more complete picture of the population of Landsat users as a whole.

Operational calibration and validation of landsat data continuity mission (LDCM) sensors using the image assessment system (IAS)

Science.gov (United States)

Micijevic, Esad; Morfitt, Ron

2010-01-01

Systematic characterization and calibration of the Landsat sensors and the assessment of image data quality are performed using the Image Assessment System (IAS). The IAS was first introduced as an element of the Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) ground segment and recently extended to Landsat 4 (L4) and 5 (L5) Thematic Mappers (TM) and Multispectral Sensors (MSS) on-board the Landsat 1-5 satellites. In preparation for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), the IAS was developed for the Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) Advanced Land Imager (ALI) with a capability to assess pushbroom sensors. This paper describes the LDCM version of the IAS and how it relates to unique calibration and validation attributes of its on-board imaging sensors. The LDCM IAS system will have to handle a significantly larger number of detectors and the associated database than the previous IAS versions. An additional challenge is that the LDCM IAS must handle data from two sensors, as the LDCM products will combine the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) spectral bands.

El video(arte o el grado Lego de la imagen

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Sergio Roncallo

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende acercarse al videoarte y repensarlo como una forma expresiva en la que la imagen recupera un estatus ontológico que permanecía eclipsado por la sombra del platonismo. Se intenta, además, buscar algunas raíces del videoarte, explicitar sus relaciones con las vanguardias, la fotografía, el cine y la televisión. Asimismo, el texto intenta poner sobre la mesa algunas reflexiones tradicionales sobre el videoarte y cuestionarlas desde una óptica menos convencional, más orientada hacia la reflexión que, a partir de éste, puede hacerse a propósito de la mímesis y la representación del mundo.

SRTM Perspective View with Landsat Overlay: Costa Rica Coastal Plain

Science.gov (United States)

2001-01-01

This perspective view shows the northern coastal plain of Costa Rica with the Cordillera Central, composed of a number of active and dormant volcanoes, rising in the background. This view looks toward the south over the Rio San Juan, which marks the boundary between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The smaller river joining Rio San Juan in the center of the image is Rio Sarapiqui, which is navigable upstream as far inland as Puerto Viejo (Old Port) de Sarapiqui at the mountain's base. This river was an important transportation route for those few hardy settlers who first moved into this region, although as recently as 1953 a mere three thatched-roof houses were all that comprised the village of Puerto Viejo.This coastal plain is a sedimentary basin formed about 50 million years ago composed of river alluvium and lahar (mud and ash flow) deposits from the volcanoes of the Cordillera Central. It comprises the province of Heredia (the smallest of Costa Rica's seven) and demonstrates a wide range of climatic conditions, from warm and humid lowlands to cool and damp highlands, and including the mild but seasonally wet and dry Central Valley.This image was generated in support of the Central American Commission for Environment and Development through an agreement with NASA. The Commission involves eight nations working to develop the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, an effort to study and preserve some of the most biologically diverse regions of the planet.This three-dimensional perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and an enhanced false-color Landsat 7 satellite image. Colors are from Landsat bands 5, 4, and 2 as red, green and blue, respectively. Topographic expression is exaggerated 2X.Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyses of the large and growing Landsat

The use of landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper plus for mapping leafy spurge

Science.gov (United States)

Mladinich, C.S.; Bustos, M.R.; Stitt, S.; Root, R.; Brown, K.; Anderson, G.L.; Hager, S.

2006-01-01

Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge) is an invasive weed that is a major problem in much of the Upper Great Plains region, including parts of Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Infestations in North Dakota alone have had a serious economic impact, estimated at $87 million annually in 1991, to the state's wildlife, tourism, and agricultural economy. Leafy spurge degrades prairie and badland ecosystems by displacing native grasses and forbs. It is a major threat to protected ecosystems in many national parks, national wild lands, and state recreational areas in the region. This study explores the use of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat) imagery and derived products as a management tool for mapping leafy spurge in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, in southwestern North Dakota. An unsupervised clustering approach was used to map leafy spurge classes and resulted in overall classification accuracies of approximately 63%. The uses of Landsat imagery did not provide the accuracy required for detailed mapping of small patches of the weed. However, it demonstrated the potential for mapping broad-scale (regional) leafy spurge occurrence. This paper offers recommendations on the suitability of Landsat imagery as a tool for use by resource managers to map and monitor leafy spurge populations over large areas.

Downscaling 250-m MODIS growing season NDVI based on multiple-date landsat images and data mining approaches

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, Yingxin; Wylie, Bruce K.

2015-01-01

The satellite-derived growing season time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) has been used as a proxy for vegetation biomass productivity. The 250-m GSN data estimated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors have been used for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and monitoring. High temporal resolution with a wide range of wavelengths make the MODIS land surface products robust and reliable. The long-term 30-m Landsat data provide spatial detailed information for characterizing human-scale processes and have been used for land cover and land change studies. The main goal of this study is to combine 250-m MODIS GSN and 30-m Landsat observations to generate a quality-improved high spatial resolution (30-m) GSN database. A rule-based piecewise regression GSN model based on MODIS and Landsat data was developed. Results show a strong correlation between predicted GSN and actual GSN (r = 0.97, average error = 0.026). The most important Landsat variables in the GSN model are Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) in May and August. The derived MODIS-Landsat-based 30-m GSN map provides biophysical information for moderate-scale ecological features. This multiple sensor study retains the detailed seasonal dynamic information captured by MODIS and leverages the high-resolution information from Landsat, which will be useful for regional ecosystem studies.

La imagen de marca como elemento vertebrador del territorio. El caso andaluz

OpenAIRE

De-las-Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos; Jambrino-Maldonado, Carmen; Iglesias-Sánchez, Patricia Pilar

2014-01-01

Andalucía siempre se ha caracterizado por formar parte del selecto grupo de comunidades autónomas que atraen la mayoría de turistas que llegan a nuestro país, pero no siempre fue la marca Andalucía la imagen de nuestra comunidad autónoma. Sevilla, Granada, Córdoba, Costa del Sol, Costa de la Luz, entre otras, fueron durante muchos años las marcas que proyectaban al exterior cada una de nuestras provincias. Con una política de comunicación bien diferenciadas cada ciudad, cada destino realizaba...

The use of Landsat-4 MSS digital data in temporal data sets and the evaluation of scene-to-scene registration accuracy

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, J. E.

1985-01-01

The MSS sensor on Landsat 4 is, in certain performance aspects, diferent from those of Landsats 1 through 3. These differences created some concern in the NASA research community as to whether individual data sets can be registered accurately enough to produce acceptable data sets for multitemporal data analysis. The use of Landsat 4 MSS digital data in temporal data sets is examined and a method is presented for estimating temporal registration accuracy based on the use of an X-Y digitizer and grey tone electrostatic plots. Results indicate that the RMS temporal registration errors are not significantly different from the temporal data sets generated using Landsat 4 and Landsat 2 data (33.35 meters) and the temporal data set constructed from two Landsat 2 data sets (33.61 meters). A derivation of the model used to evaluate the temporal registration is included.

La imagen publicitaria de la actriz Magaly Solier: entre el exotismo y la re-afiliación

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Ricardo Bedoya

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza la imagen de la actriz peruana Magaly Solier en dos construcciones publicitarias. La primera, marcada por un estilo de exotismo primitivo que busca aprovechar los componentes étnicos de la modelo; la otra, resignificando los datos biográficos y el sentido de la presencia cultural de una actriz que ha adquirido figuración internacional. En ambos casos, el análisis busca interpretar la significación de la imagen publicitaria del personaje en relación con los discursos de pacificación del país, emprendimiento y nacionalismo que la sustentan. El texto condensa el capítulo quinto de la tesis «Madeinhuanta. Tránsitos y escenarios de Magaly Solier: la construcción de un texto cultural», con el que el autor optó el grado de magíster en Antropología Visual en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, en agosto del 2012.

The value of earth observations: methods and findings on the value of Landsat imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Holly M.; Serbina, Larisa O.; Richardson, Leslie A.; Ryker, Sarah J.; Newman, Timothy R.

2016-01-01

Data from Earth observation systems are used extensively in managing and monitoring natural resources, natural hazards, and the impacts of climate change, but the value of such data can be difficult to estimate, particularly when it is available at no cost. Assessing the socioeconomic and scientific value of these data provides a better understanding of the existing and emerging research, science, and applications related to this information and contributes to the decision making process regarding current and future Earth observation systems. Recent USGS research on Landsat data has advanced the literature in this area by using a variety of methods to estimate value. The results of a 2012 survey of Landsat users, a 2013 requirements assessment, and 2013 case studies of applications of Landsat imagery are discussed.

BOREAS RSS-7 Landsat TM LAI IMages of the SSA and NSA

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Forrest G. (Editor); Nickeson, Jaime (Editor); Chen, Jing; Cihlar, Josef

2000-01-01

The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study Remote Sensing Science (BOREAS RSS-7) team used Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images processed at CCRS to produce images of Leaf Area Index (LAI) for the BOREAS study areas. Two images acquired on 06-Jun and 09-Aug-1991 were used for the SSA, and one image acquired on 09-Jun-1994 was used for the NSA. The LAI images are based on ground measurements and Landsat TM Reduced Simple Ratio (RSR) images. The data are stored in binary image-format files.

IMAGENS DA INFÂNCIA NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE SÃO LUÍS/MA: o lugar da criança no imaginário de professores

OpenAIRE

LIA SILVA FONTELES

2013-01-01

Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo compreensivo acerca do imaginário de professoras sobre a infância em uma escola de educação infantil pública de São Luís/MA. Para isso, buscou verificar as imagens presentes nas narrativas, desenhos, relatos sobre a infância, e em outras manifestações das professoras; compreender a infância revelada por essas imagens; e analisar o que elas apontam acerca do lugar reservado a essa fase da vida para o grupo pesquisado. O caminho trilhado para essa tessitura ...

Multitemporalidade das anomalias da temperatura de superfície: o caso da cidade de Iporá, Brasil

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Elis Alves

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar, a partir de dados do satélite Landsat - 5, o padrão multitemporal e espacial das anomalias térmicas na cidade de Iporá - Goiás. Para tanto, foram utilizadas imagens multiespectrais (banda termal do satélite Landsat 5, dos anos de 1984 a 2011. Para o processamento das imagens foram desenvolvidos modelos matemáticos por meio da ferramenta Model Maker do software Erdas Imagine 11. Os resultados evidenciaram que: 1 - com a utilização das anomalias térmicas, os mapas ficaram homogêneos, o que possibilitou comparação temporal; 2 - Anomalias térmicas máximas de superfície ocorreram em áreas de pouca urbanização, com solo exposto; 3 - O maior número de anomalias positivas ocorreu nas áreas de baixa urbanização, com solos expostos. Enquanto que nas áreas mais urbanizadas com presença de vegetação e próximas a superfície de água, ocorreu a maior quantidade de anomalias negativas; 4 - Nos pontos B, E, F e H foram observadas tendências estatisticamente significativas.

Identidad, imagen y (descortesía en Cartagena de Indias (siglo XVII. Diálogos surgidos desde el enfrentamiento étnico

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Micaela Carrera De la Red

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo se inserta en el marco teórico de la pragmática interpersonal histórica. Los datos analizados pertenecen a ritos de interacción tanto en habla referida como en diálogos contenidos en un juicio celebrado en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, fechado a finales del siglo XVII, y relacionado con la rebelión de los palenques.  El objetivo principal es mostrar que la actividad de la imagen es un elemento clave para el estudio de la interacción en un contexto de conflicto social e interétnico. La perspectiva sociológica adoptada es la del equilibrio entre el yo y la sociedad. En la sociedad estudiada, los individuos se encuentran integrados en figuraciones sociales, con la raza como factor de conformación de estos grupos y, a la vez, factor condicionante de la identidad del grupo social de los “negros” como estigmatizados y outsiders. El desorden social provoca la anomia de los participantes y la desorganización personal así como la perturbación de la integración de las acciones de los participantes (Goffman, 1961, citado por Smith 2006, pp. 33-54. En el análisis de la relación interpersonal sobresale el carácter dinámico del concepto de imagen y de actividad de imagen, ya que el proceso de comunicación es fruto de la co-construcción en la interacción cara a cara basada en el influjo ejercido por los turnos e intervenciones precedentes y consecuentes de los que interactúan (Arundale, 1999, pp. 119-153. Destaca también el hecho de que a través del análisis de las tensiones dialógicas se muestra cómo las estrategias de ‘(descortesía’ se interconectan con la ‘imagen social’ y esta se vincula, a su vez, con la ‘identidad social’.

VOCES FOTOGRÁFICAS: EL USO DE LA IMAGEN EN PROYECTOS DE COMUNICACIÓN Y DESARROLLO EN EL SUR DE BOLIVIA

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Mónica Eliana García Gil

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto aborda el uso de la imagen fotográfica como herramienta de investigación en Ciencias Sociales, espe - cialmente en proyectos de comunicación y desarrollo, tomando como punto de partida la imagen, no sólo como medio para recolectar información sino también como parte activa del proceso de investigación, en el cual la fotografía puede impulsar procesos de autorreconocimiento y de transformación social. Asimismo, se desarrolla el planteamiento metodológico de Photovoice (foto voz o voz fotográfica y, finalmente, se presentan algunos resultados del proyecto participativo denominado Chaicuriri por el Objetivo, experiencia desarrollada en Bolivia que posibilitó a los habitantes de una zona rural establecer sus propias nociones de desarrollo comunitario a partir del uso de la fotografía.

landsat remote sensing data as an alternative approach

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mgina

The use of Landsat data in this area has revealed the need of effective use of these data in ... and efficient in all aspects of cost. ... Removal of noise and cloud cover effects can well be ... approximatelly1000 km from the business city of Dar es ...

Incidencia de la imagen corporativa en el posicionamiento de las ventas, mediante una investigación de mercado que involucre a los clientes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nathyn Collins

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad las empresas necesitan crear una Imagen idónea, compuesta por elementos identificadores distintivos, que permitan la diferenciación por parte de la empresa y a la vez genera atención, aceptación y confianza al cliente. Así mismo, parte de esta Imagen, es lograr el posicionamiento positivo de la empresa en el cliente, esto consiste en ocupar un lugar en la mente y corazón del consumidor, para que en el proceso de la compra, sea este un signo distintivo que permita al final elegir el producto que oferta aquella empresa. En este trabajo se desarrolla a partir de una investigación de campo y bibliográfica que analiza profundamente encuesta y sesiones de grupo la influencia de la imagen corporativa y posicionamiento en las ventas. Los datos del estudio muestran el alto nivel de influencia que se origina por una imagen acorde a las expectativas de los clientes, las cuales permiten crear estima y relevancia de marca de una empresa ante el cliente meta.   ABSTRACT Today companies need to create an ideal image, composed of distinctive identifiers that allow differentiation by the company while generating attention, customer acceptance and trust. Also, part of this picture is to achieve positive positioning of the company in the customer, this is a place in the hearts and minds of the consumer, so that in the process of purchase, this is a distinctive sign which allows the end choose the product that this company offer. This paper analyzes from a survey and focus groups the influence of corporate image and sales positioning. The study data show the high level of influence that arises from an image according to the expectations of customers, which allow you to create estimates and significance of a company's brand to the target customer.

Applications of the Preclinical Molecular Image in Biomedicine; Aplicaciones de la imagen Molecular Preclínica en Biomedicina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delgado, M.; Bascuñana, P.; Fernández de la Rosa, R.; De Cristobal, J.; García-García, L.; Pozo, M. A.

2014-07-01

Molecular imaging is a broad platform, which provides valuable information about physiological and pathophysiological changes in living organisms by non-invasive methods. Depending on the used technique: anatomical, functional metabolic or molecular data could be assessed. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) provides with functional and molecular data, and combined with Computerized Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MRI) with the multimodality equipment, it can be exponentially improved. Metabolic pathways and changes on the molecular and cellular level are target in molecular imaging cancer research. Tumour microenvironment, stroma and new vessels can be assessed by PET imaging. Additionally the visualization of functions and monitoring data of provided therapies could be obtained. The aim of the current review is to summarize principles and novel findings in molecular imaging specifically in PET and its application in preclinical cancer research. The theoretical background of techniques and main applications will be highlighted [Spanish] La imagen molecular aporta información muy valiosa, mediante métodos no invasivos, acerca de la fisiología de organismos vivos y sus cambios debidos a patologías. Dependiendo de la técnica utilizada se pueden obtener datos anatómicos, funcionales, metabólicos o moleculares. La Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones (PET) aporta datos metabólicos y moleculares con una alta sensibilidad, y en asociación con la Tomografía Computarizada (TC) o con Resonancia Magnética (RM), con la aparición de los nuevos equipos multimodalidad, las posibilidades de diagnóstico se incrementan exponencialmente. La imagen molecular en investigación oncológica presenta como objetivos principales identificar las diferentes vías metabólicas tumorales y sus cambios a nivel molecular y celular, el comportamiento del microentorno tumoral, aparición de nuevos vasos, estroma, etc. Además, es posible el análisis y cuantificación del

Radiation protection in image installations Preclinical Molecular; Protección radiológica en instalaciones de Imagen Molecular Preclínica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martí-Climent, J. M.; Collantes, M.; Prieto, E.; Morán, V.; Ecay, M.; Peñuelas, I.

2014-07-01

The preclinical image includes several molecular imaging techniques using ionizing radiation, particularly the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the positron emission tomography (PET) and the autoradiographic image. Each technique uses different probes which allow imaging of a variety of metabolic processes. Sometimes they are used together with X-ray equipment which can obtain anatomical images. Consequently, research performed in preclinical molecular imaging facilities should be done in a context in which radiation protection is applied. Within radiological risks to the staff operating such facilities, the irradiation produced to hands due to the administration of radiotracers and to animals manipulation should be of major concern; therefore training and shielding are important. The design of the radioactive facility will be determined by the various activities undertaken. In particular, it will depend on the various preclinical molecular imaging techniques that would be developed and on the functional relationship that the facility has with the institution in which it is placed; particularly the animal housing facility and radiopharmacy unit. [Spanish] La imagen preclínica engloba distintas técnicas de imagen molecular que utilizan radiaciones ionizantes, destacando la tomografía por emisión de fotón único (SPECT), la tomografía de emisión de positrones (PET) y la imagen autorradiográfica. Cada una de ellas utiliza distintas sondas que permiten obtener imágenes de una gran variedad de procesos metabólicos. En ocasiones se emplean junto a equipos de rayos X que permiten obtener imágenes anatómicas. En consecuencia, la investigación en las instalaciones de imagen molecular preclínica deberá realizarse en un contexto en el que se aplique la protección radiológica. De entre los riesgos radiológicos del personal que opera este tipo de instalaciones destaca la irradiación de las manos producida tanto por la administración de los

Aspectos controvertidos de la imagen corporal en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANA R. SEPÚLVEDA

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo revisa los resultados de 31 estudios que evalúan de alguna forma la "alteración de la imagen corporal" en anorexia nerviosa y bulimia nerviosa a través de los métodos de evaluación perceptiva o los métodos de evaluación actitudinal. Los estudios presentan en la mayoría de los casos resultados contradictorios entre ellos. Los autores ofrecen una serie de explicaciones metodológicas y meta-analíticas para tratar de interpretar los resultados.

La publicidad en la creación y fortalecimiento de la imagen corporativa

OpenAIRE

Baena Eguía, Gala

2013-01-01

Trabajo Fin de Grado leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en el curso académico 2013/2014. Director/a: Cristina Ayala del Pino La publicidad es una herramienta comunicativa que utilizan las organizaciones con el fin de crear, consolidar o cambiar actitudes de las personas, para que sean favorables a su producto y/o marca. Contribuye a transmitir la identidad corporativa de las mismas, que se traduce en imagen para los públicos, aunque no es el único input que reciben para crearla. La pu...

Imagen de marca, consumidor y empresa. Un análisis de sus interacciones

OpenAIRE

Carlos A. J. Molinari

2013-01-01

El artículo, se propone describir las interacciones que se establecen entre el consumidor, la empresa y la construcción de una imagen de la marca. En este marco, se analizan los distintos formatos en los que las marcas se manifiestan en los mercados de consumo e industriales, así como los caminos alternativos hacia su trascendencia internacional. El marco teórico utilizado para el análisis, es el de la disciplina del marketing, pero desde una visión interdisciplinaria, que posibilita comprend...

Evaluating Landsat 8 evapotranspiration for water use mapping in the Colorado River Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Senay, Gabriel; Friedrichs, MacKenzie O.; Singh, Ramesh K.; Velpuri, Naga Manohar

2016-01-01

Evapotranspiration (ET) mapping at the Landsat spatial resolution (100 m) is essential to fully understand water use and water availability at the field scale. Water use estimates in the Colorado River Basin (CRB), which has diverse ecosystems and complex hydro-climatic regions, will be helpful to water planners and managers. Availability of Landsat 8 images, starting in 2013, provides the opportunity to map ET in the CRB to assess spatial distribution and patterns of water use. The Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model was used with 528 Landsat 8 images to create seamless monthly and annual ET estimates at the inherent 100 m thermal band resolution. Annual ET values were summarized by land use/land cover classes. Croplands were the largest consumer of “blue” water while shrublands consumed the most “green” water. Validation using eddy covariance (EC) flux towers and water balance approaches showed good accuracy levels with R2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.95 and the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient ranging from 0.66 to 0.91. The root mean square error (and percent bias) ranged from 0.48 mm (13%) to 0.60 mm (22%) for daily (days of satellite overpass) ET and from 7.75 mm (2%) to 13.04 mm (35%) for monthly ET. The spatial and temporal distribution of ET indicates the utility of Landsat 8 for providing important information about ET dynamics across the landscape. Annual crop water use was estimated for five selected irrigation districts in the Lower CRB where annual ET per district ranged between 681 mm to 772 mm. Annual ET by crop type over the Maricopa Stanfield irrigation district ranged from a low of 384 mm for durum wheat to a high of 990 mm for alfalfa fields. A rainfall analysis over the five districts suggested that, on average, 69% of the annual ET was met by irrigation. Although the enhanced cloud-masking capability of Landsat 8 based on the cirrus band and utilization of the Fmask algorithm improved the

Exploiting Data Intensive Applications on High Performance Computers to Unlock Australia's Landsat Archive

Science.gov (United States)

Purss, Matthew; Lewis, Adam; Edberg, Roger; Ip, Alex; Sixsmith, Joshua; Frankish, Glenn; Chan, Tai; Evans, Ben; Hurst, Lachlan

2013-04-01

Australia's Earth Observation Program has downlinked and archived satellite data acquired under the NASA Landsat mission for the Australian Government since the establishment of the Australian Landsat Station in 1979. Geoscience Australia maintains this archive and produces image products to aid the delivery of government policy objectives. Due to the labor intensive nature of processing of this data there have been few national-scale datasets created to date. To compile any Earth Observation product the historical approach has been to select the required subset of data and process "scene by scene" on an as-needed basis. As data volumes have increased over time, and the demand for the processed data has also grown, it has become increasingly difficult to rapidly produce these products and achieve satisfactory policy outcomes using these historic processing methods. The result is that we have been "drowning in a sea of uncalibrated data" and scientists, policy makers and the public have not been able to realize the full potential of the Australian Landsat Archive and its value is therefore significantly diminished. To overcome this critical issue, the Australian Space Research Program has funded the "Unlocking the Landsat Archive" (ULA) Project from April 2011 to June 2013 to improve the access and utilization of Australia's archive of Landsat data. The ULA Project is a public-private consortium led by Lockheed Martin Australia (LMA) and involving Geoscience Australia (GA), the Victorian Partnership for Advanced Computing (VPAC), the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI) at the Australian National University (ANU) and the Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information (CRC-SI). The outputs from the ULA project will become a fundamental component of Australia's eResearch infrastructure, with the Australian Landsat Archive hosted on the NCI and made openly available under a creative commons license. NCI provides access to researchers through significant HPC

Burned area detection based on Landsat time series in savannas of southern Burkina Faso

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jinxiu; Heiskanen, Janne; Maeda, Eduardo Eiji; Pellikka, Petri K. E.

2018-02-01

West African savannas are subject to regular fires, which have impacts on vegetation structure, biodiversity and carbon balance. An efficient and accurate mapping of burned area associated with seasonal fires can greatly benefit decision making in land management. Since coarse resolution burned area products cannot meet the accuracy needed for fire management and climate modelling at local scales, the medium resolution Landsat data is a promising alternative for local scale studies. In this study, we developed an algorithm for continuous monitoring of annual burned areas using Landsat time series. The algorithm is based on burned pixel detection using harmonic model fitting with Landsat time series and breakpoint identification in the time series data. This approach was tested in a savanna area in southern Burkina Faso using 281 images acquired between October 2000 and April 2016. An overall accuracy of 79.2% was obtained with balanced omission and commission errors. This represents a significant improvement in comparison with MODIS burned area product (67.6%), which had more omission errors than commission errors, indicating underestimation of the total burned area. By observing the spatial distribution of burned areas, we found that the Landsat based method misclassified cropland and cloud shadows as burned areas due to the similar spectral response, and MODIS burned area product omitted small and fragmented burned areas. The proposed algorithm is flexible and robust against decreased data availability caused by clouds and Landsat 7 missing lines, therefore having a high potential for being applied in other landscapes in future studies.

Ciegos que ahora ven: Presupuestos teóricos y pistas didácticas para la lectura de la imagen cinematográfica (I

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erasto Antonio Espino Barahona

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo –del cual se presenta aquí una primera parte– constituye un entramado teórico-didáctico para la lectura de la imagen cinematográfica. Se trata del resultado de una investigación etnográfica que, desde la observación sistemática y la entrevista en profundidad a expertos, se articula con fuentes teóricas pertinentes con la pretensión de generar una propuesta didáctica para superar el analfabetismo icónico imperante y transitar, así, de una actitud consumista frente a la imagen cinematográfica a una experiencia productora de sentido.

Mapping fractional woody cover in semi-arid savannahs using multi-seasonal composites from Landsat data

Science.gov (United States)

Higginbottom, Thomas P.; Symeonakis, Elias; Meyer, Hanna; van der Linden, Sebastian

2018-05-01

Increasing attention is being directed at mapping the fractional woody cover of savannahs using Earth-observation data. In this study, we test the utility of Landsat TM/ ETM-based spectral-temporal variability metrics for mapping regional-scale woody cover in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, for 2010. We employ a machine learning framework to compare the accuracies of Random Forest models derived using metrics calculated from different seasons. We compare these results to those from fused Landsat-PALSAR data to establish if seasonal metrics can compensate for structural information from the PALSAR signal. Furthermore, we test the applicability of a statistical variable selection method, the recursive feature elimination (RFE), in the automation of the model building process in order to reduce model complexity and processing time. All of our tests were repeated at four scales (30, 60, 90, and 120 m-pixels) to investigate the role of spatial resolution on modelled accuracies. Our results show that multi-seasonal composites combining imagery from both the dry and wet seasons produced the highest accuracies (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 9.4, at the 120 m scale). When using a single season of observations, dry season imagery performed best (R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 9.9, at the 120 m resolution). Combining Landsat and radar imagery was only marginally beneficial, offering a mean relative improvement of 1% in accuracy at the 120 m scale. However, this improvement was concentrated in areas with lower densities of woody coverage (continue to exploit the Landsat archive, but should aim to use multi-seasonal derived information. When the coarser 120 m pixel scale is adequate, integration of Landsat and SAR data should be considered, especially in areas with lower woody cover densities. The use of multiple seasonal compositing periods offers promise for large-area mapping of savannahs, even in regions with a limited historical Landsat coverage.

Phenological monitoring of Acadia National Park using Landsat, MODIS and VIIRS observations and fused data

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Y.; McDonough MacKenzie, C.; Primack, R.; Zhang, X.; Schaaf, C.; Sun, Q.; Wang, Z.

2015-12-01

Monitoring phenology with remotely sensed data has become standard practice in large-plot agriculture but remains an area of research in complex terrain. Landsat data (30m) provides a more appropriate spatial resolution to describe such regions but may only capture a few cloud-free images over a growing period. Daily data from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) offer better temporal acquisitions but at coarse spatial resolutions of 250m to 1km. Thus fused data sets are being employed to provide the temporal and spatial resolutions necessary to accurately monitor vegetation phenology. This study focused on Acadia National Park, Maine, attempts to compare green-up from remote sensing and ground observations over varying topography. Three north-south field transects were established in 2013 on parallel mountains. Along these transects, researchers record the leaf out and flowering phenology for thirty plant species biweekly. These in situ spring phenological observations are compared with the dates detected by Landsat 7, Landsat 8, MODIS, and VIIRS observations, both separately and as fused data, to explore the ability of remotely sensed data to capture the subtle variations due to elevation. Daily Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectances(NBAR) from MODIS and VIIRS are fused with Landsat imagery to simulate 30m daily data via the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model(ESTARFM) algorithm. Piecewise logistic functions are fit to the time series to establish spring leaf-out dates. Acadia National Park, a region frequently affected by coastal clouds, is a particularly useful study area as it falls in a Landsat overlap region and thus offers the possibility of acquiring as many as 4 Landsat observations in a 16 day period. With the recent launch of Sentinel 2A, the community will have routine access to such high spatial and temporal data for phenological monitoring.

Machine learning-based Landsat-MODIS data fusion approach for 8-day 30m evapotranspiration monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Im, J.; Ke, Y.; Park, S.

2016-12-01

Continuous monitoring of evapotranspiration (ET) is important for understanding of hydrological cycles and energy flux dynamics. At regional and local scales, routine ET estimation is a critical for efficient water management, drought impact assessment and ecosystem health monitoring, etc. Remote sensing has long been recognized to be able to provide ET monitoring over large areas. However, no single satellite could provide temporally continuous ET at relatively high spatial resolution due to the trade-off between the spatial and temporal resolution of current satellite sensors. Landsat-series satellites provide optical and thermal imagery at 30-100m resolution, whereas the 16-day revisit cycle hinders the observation of ET dynamics; MODIS provides sources of ET estimation at daily basis, but the 500-1000m ground sampling distance is too coarse for field level applications. In this study, we present a machine learning and STARFM based method for Landsat/MODIS ET fusion. The approach first downscales MODIS 8-day 1km ET (MOD16A2) to 30m based on eleven Landsat-derived indicators such as NDVI, EVI, NDWI etc on the cloud-free Landsat-available days using Random Forest approach. For the days when Landsat data are not available, downscaled ET is synthesized by MODIS and Landsat data fusion with STARFM and STI-FM approaches. The models are evaluated using in situ flux tower measurements at US-ARM and US-Twt AmeriFlux sites the United States. Results show that the downscaled 30m ET have good agreement with MODIS ET (RMSE=0.42-3.4mm/8days, rRMSE=3.2%-26%) and the downscaled ET have higher accuracy than MODIS ET when compared to in-situ measurements.

Automated Agricultural Field Extraction from Multi-temporal Web Enabled Landsat Data

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, L.; Roy, D. P.

2012-12-01

Agriculture has caused significant anthropogenic surface change. In many regions agricultural field sizes may be increasing to maximize yields and reduce costs resulting in decreased landscape spatial complexity and increased homogenization of land uses with potential for significant biogeochemical and ecological effects. To date, studies of the incidence, drivers and impacts of changing field sizes have not been undertaken over large areas because of computational constraints and because consistently processed appropriate resolution data have not been available or affordable. The Landsat series of satellites provides near-global coverage, long term, and appropriate spatial resolution (30m) satellite data to document changing field sizes. The recent free availability of all the Landsat data in the U.S. Landsat archive now provides the opportunity to study field size changes in a global and consistent way. Commercial software can be used to extract fields from Landsat data but are inappropriate for large area application because they require considerable human interaction. This paper presents research to develop and validate an automated computational Geographic Object Based Image Analysis methodology to extract agricultural fields and derive field sizes from Web Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) (http://weld.cr.usgs.gov/). WELD weekly products (30m reflectance and brightness temperature) are classified into Satellite Image Automatic Mapper™ (SIAM™) spectral categories and an edge intensity map and a map of the probability of each pixel being agricultural are derived from five years of 52 weeks of WELD and corresponding SIAM™ data. These data are fused to derive candidate agriculture field segments using a variational region-based geometric active contour model. Geometry-based algorithms are used to decompose connected segments belonging to multiple fields into coherent isolated field objects with a divide and conquer strategy to detect and merge partial circle

Monitoring water quality from LANDSAT. [satellite observation of Virginia

Science.gov (United States)

Barker, J. L.

1975-01-01

Water quality monitoring possibilities from LANDSAT were demonstrated both for direct readings of reflectances from the water and indirect monitoring of changes in use of land surrounding Swift Creek Reservoir in a joint project with the Virginia State Water Control Board and NASA. Film products were shown to have insufficient resolution and all work was done by digitally processing computer compatible tapes. Land cover maps of the 18,000 hectare Swift Creek Reservoir watershed, prepared for two dates in 1974, are shown. A significant decrease in the pine cover was observed in a 740 hectare construction site within the watershed. A measure of the accuracy of classification was obtained by comparing the LANDSAT results with visual classification at five sites on a U-2 photograph. Such changes in land cover can alert personnel to watch for potential changes in water quality.

Investigating Land Surface Temperature Changes Using Landsat Data in Konya, Turkey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. Orhan

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multi-temporal land surface temperature (LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI changes of Konya in Turkey using remotely sensed data. Konya is located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and hosts many important wetland sites including Salt Lake. Six images taken by Landsat-5 TM and Landsat 8- OLI satellites were used as the basic data source. These raw images were taken in 1984, 2011 and 2014 intended as long-term and short-term. Firstly, those raw images was corrected radiometric and geometrically within the scope of project. Three mosaic images were obtained by using the full-frame images of Landsat-5 TM / 8- OLI which had been already transformed comparison each other. Then, Land Surface Temperature (LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI maps have been produced to determine the dimension of the drought. The obtained results showed that surface temperature rates in the basin increased about 5°C between 1984 and 2014 as long periods, increased about 2-3°C between 2011and 2014 as short periods. Meteorological data supports the increase in temperature.

Vegetation burn severity mapping using Landsat-8 and WorldView-2

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Zhuoting; Middleton, Barry R.; Hetzler, Robert; Vogel, John M.; Dye, Dennis G.

2015-01-01

We used remotely sensed data from the Landsat-8 and WorldView-2 satellites to estimate vegetation burn severity of the Creek Fire on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, where wildfire occurrences affect the Tribe's crucial livestock and logging industries. Accurate pre- and post-fire canopy maps at high (0.5-meter) resolution were created from World- View-2 data to generate canopy loss maps, and multiple indices from pre- and post-fire Landsat-8 images were used to evaluate vegetation burn severity. Normalized difference vegetation index based vegetation burn severity map had the highest correlation coefficients with canopy loss map from WorldView-2. Two distinct approaches - canopy loss mapping from WorldView-2 and spectral index differencing from Landsat-8 - agreed well with the field-based burn severity estimates and are both effective for vegetation burn severity mapping. Canopy loss maps created with WorldView-2 imagery add to a short list of accurate vegetation burn severity mapping techniques that can help guide effective management of forest resources on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, and the broader fire-prone regions of the Southwest.

Densidad de desarrollo alta y baja en Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

William A. Gould; Sebastian Martinuzzi; Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez

2008-01-01

Este mapa demuestra la distribución de terrenos de alta y baja densidad de desarrollo urbano en Puerto Rico (Martinuzzi et al. 2007). El mapa fue creado mediante el analisis de un mosaico de imagenes de satelite Landsat ETM+ de los años 2000 – 2003. La clasificacion no supervisada ISODATA (“Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique”) (ERDAS 2003) fue utilizada...

DEVELOPMENT OF TIME-SERIES HUMAN SETTLEMENT MAPPING SYSTEM USING HISTORICAL LANDSAT ARCHIVE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. Miyazaki

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Methodology of automated human settlement mapping is highly needed for utilization of historical satellite data archives for urgent issues of urban growth in global scale, such as disaster risk management, public health, food security, and urban management. As development of global data with spatial resolution of 10-100 m was achieved by some initiatives using ASTER, Landsat, and TerraSAR-X, next goal has targeted to development of time-series data which can contribute to studies urban development with background context of socioeconomy, disaster risk management, public health, transport and other development issues. We developed an automated algorithm to detect human settlement by classification of built-up and non-built-up in time-series Landsat images. A machine learning algorithm, Local and Global Consistency (LLGC, was applied with improvements for remote sensing data. The algorithm enables to use MCD12Q1, a MODIS-based global land cover map with 500-m resolution, as training data so that any manual process is not required for preparation of training data. In addition, we designed the method to composite multiple results of LLGC into a single output to reduce uncertainty. The LLGC results has a confidence value ranging 0.0 to 1.0 representing probability of built-up and non-built-up. The median value of the confidence for a certain period around a target time was expected to be a robust output of confidence to identify built-up or non-built-up areas against uncertainties in satellite data quality, such as cloud and haze contamination. Four scenes of Landsat data for each target years, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, were chosen among the Landsat archive data with cloud contamination less than 20%.We developed a system with the algorithms on the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS in the University of Tokyo and processed 5200 scenes of Landsat data for cities with more than one million people worldwide.

Distribution of Snow and Maximum Snow Water Equivalent Obtained by LANDSAT Data and Degree Day Method

Science.gov (United States)

Takeda, K.; Ochiai, H.; Takeuchi, S.

1985-01-01

Maximum snow water equivalence and snowcover distribution are estimated using several LANDSAT data taken in snowmelting season over a four year period. The test site is Okutadami-gawa Basin located in the central position of Tohoku-Kanto-Chubu District. The year to year normalization for snowmelt volume computation on the snow line is conducted by year to year correction of degree days using the snowcover percentage within the test basin obtained from LANDSAT data. The maximum snow water equivalent map in the test basin is generated based on the normalized snowmelt volume on the snow line extracted from four LANDSAT data taken in a different year. The snowcover distribution on an arbitrary day in snowmelting of 1982 is estimated from the maximum snow water equivalent map. The estimated snowcover is compared with the snowcover area extracted from NOAA-AVHRR data taken on the same day. The applicability of the snow estimation using LANDSAT data is discussed.

Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat

Science.gov (United States)

Michael A. Wulder; Jeffrey G. Masek; Warren B. Cohen; Thomas R. Loveland; Curtis E. Woodcock

2012-01-01

Landsat occupies a unique position in the constellation of civilian earth observation satellites, with a long and rich scientific and applications heritage. With nearly 40 years of continuous observation—since launch of the first satellite in 1972—the Landsat program has benefited from insightful technical specification, robust engineering, and the necessary...

Perspectives on monitoring gradual change across the continuity of Landsat sensors using time-series data

Science.gov (United States)

Vogelmann, James; Gallant, Alisa L.; Shi, Hua; Zhu, Zhe

2016-01-01

There are many types of changes occurring over the Earth's landscapes that can be detected and monitored using Landsat data. Here we focus on monitoring “within-state,” gradual changes in vegetation in contrast with traditional monitoring of “abrupt” land-cover conversions. Gradual changes result from a variety of processes, such as vegetation growth and succession, damage from insects and disease, responses to shifts in climate, and other factors. Despite the prevalence of gradual changes across the landscape, they are largely ignored by the remote sensing community. Gradual changes are best characterized and monitored using time-series analysis, and with the successful launch of Landsat 8 we now have appreciable data continuity that extends the Landsat legacy across the previous 43 years. In this study, we conducted three related analyses: (1) comparison of spectral values acquired by Landsats 7 and 8, separated by eight days, to ensure compatibility for time-series evaluation; (2) tracking of multitemporal signatures for different change processes across Landsat 5, 7, and 8 sensors using anniversary-date imagery; and (3) tracking the same type of processes using all available acquisitions. In this investigation, we found that data representing natural vegetation from Landsats 5, 7, and 8 were comparable and did not indicate a need for major modification prior to use for long-term monitoring. Analyses using anniversary-date imagery can be very effective for assessing long term patterns and trends occurring across the landscape, and are especially good for providing insights regarding trends related to long-term and continuous trends of growth or decline. We found that use of all available data provided a much more comprehensive level of understanding of the trends occurring, providing information about rate, duration, and intra- and inter-annual variability that could not be readily gleaned from the anniversary date analyses. We observed that using all

Monitoring Springs in the Mojave Desert Using Landsat Time Series Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Potter, Christopher S.

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study, based on Landsat satellite data was to characterize variations and trends over 30 consecutive years (1985-2016) in perennial vegetation green cover at over 400 confirmed Mojave Desert spring locations. These springs were surveyed between in 2015 and 2016 on lands managed in California by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and on several land trusts within the Barstow, Needles, and Ridgecrest BLM Field Offices. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from July Landsat images was computed at each spring location and a trend model was first fit to the multi-year NDVI time series using least squares linear regression.Â

LANDSAT menhaden and thread herring resources investigation. [Gulf of Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Kemmerer, A. J. (Principal Investigator); Brucks, J. T.; Butler, J. A.; Faller, K. H.; Holley, H. J.; Leming, T. D.; Savastano, K. J.; Vanselous, T. M.

1977-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. The relationship between the distribution of menhaden and selected oceanographic parameters (water color, turbidity, and possibly chlorophyll concentrations) was established. Similar relationships for thread herring were not established nor were relationships relating to the abundance of either species. Use of aircraft and LANDSAT remote sensing instruments to measure or infer a set of basic oceanographic parameters was evaluated. Parameters which could be accurately inferred included surface water temperature, salinity, and color. Water turbidity (Secchi disk) was evaluated as marginally inferrable from the LANDSAT MSS data and chlorophyll-a concentrations as less than marginal. These evaluations considered the parameters only as experienced in the two test areas using available sensors and statistical techniques.

Ferramentas para visualização de imagens médicas em hospital universitário Image viewing tools used in a medical school

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edilson Carlos Caritá

2004-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Apresentar a implementação de "toolkits" para visualização de imagens médicas no padrão DICOM e fazer uma revisão dos fundamentos e características deste padrão. É apresentado o VDTApplication para visualização das imagens locais e remotas, e o VDTApplet, que possibilita a visualização das imagens utilizando um navegador. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os "toolkits" foram implementados utilizando a linguagem de programação Java. Para seu desenvolvimento foram consideradas as variações do padrão DICOM, tornando-o um sistema genérico, capaz de ler e abrir imagens geradas por diferentes modalidades de diversos fabricantes. As ferramentas foram avaliadas qualitativamente por médicos, considerando a interface do sistema, a qualidade das imagens e o ajuste da imagem. RESULTADOS: A avaliação foi feita com base em conceitos de 1 (muito ruim a 5 (muito bom para cada item, sendo os resultados: 5 para interface do sistema, 4 para qualidade das imagens e 3 para ajuste da imagem. Baseando-se nos conceitos obtidos pode-se classificar as ferramentas como boas. CONCLUSÃO: As ferramentas são práticas, amigáveis e deverão ser incorporadas ao projeto PACS ("picture archiving and communication system" do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo.OBJECTIVE: To present the process of implementation of toolkits for visualization of medical images using DICOM and to review the basis and characteristics of this protocol. In this paper we present a VDTApplication for visualization of local and remote images, and a VDTApplet that allows the visualization of images on a web browser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The toolkits were implemented using Java programming language. For the development of this toolkit we considered the different version of the DICOM protocol, creating a generic system capable of reading and opening images generated by different modalities of different manufacturers. The

How Similar Are Forest Disturbance Maps Derived from Different Landsat Time Series Algorithms?

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Warren B. Cohen

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Disturbance is a critical ecological process in forested systems, and disturbance maps are important for understanding forest dynamics. Landsat data are a key remote sensing dataset for monitoring forest disturbance and there recently has been major growth in the development of disturbance mapping algorithms. Many of these algorithms take advantage of the high temporal data volume to mine subtle signals in Landsat time series, but as those signals become subtler, they are more likely to be mixed with noise in Landsat data. This study examines the similarity among seven different algorithms in their ability to map the full range of magnitudes of forest disturbance over six different Landsat scenes distributed across the conterminous US. The maps agreed very well in terms of the amount of undisturbed forest over time; however, for the ~30% of forest mapped as disturbed in a given year by at least one algorithm, there was little agreement about which pixels were affected. Algorithms that targeted higher-magnitude disturbances exhibited higher omission errors but lower commission errors than those targeting a broader range of disturbance magnitudes. These results suggest that a user of any given forest disturbance map should understand the map’s strengths and weaknesses (in terms of omission and commission error rates, with respect to the disturbance targets of interest.

Percepción de la imagen corporal en adolescentes españoles

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Marrodán, María D.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available A finales del 2003 un trabajo realizado por nuestro equipo sobre un efectivo muestral de 5921 jóvenes madrileños, puso de manifiesto que comenzaba a ser preocupante en nuestro medio, tanto la proporción de adolescentes con sobrepeso, como los que manifestaban cierto grado de malnutrición proteico-calórica (González-Montero y Marrodán 2003; Marrodán et al. 2004. Convencidos de que es fundamental identificar los factores de riesgo que conducen a tales situaciones iniciamos nuevas vías de investigación con tal propósito. En este sentido, la autopercepción de la propia imagen, así como el grado de satisfacción que el adolescente manifiesta en relación a su aspecto y morfofisiología pueden ser un determinante del riesgo a desarrollar comportamientos alimentarios inadecuados que, finalmente, desemboquen en trastornos como la anorexia o la bulimia. Con este fin, se recogió, en Institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria de Madrid, una muestra de jóvenes entre 12-16 años, período de especial sensibilidad ante la influencia de patrones comportamentales trasmitidos por los medios de comunicación. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas indicadoras de tamaño, forma y composición corporal y se valoró la percepción de la imagen mediante una adaptación de los modelos propuesto por Stuntkard y Setellard (1990 y Collins (1991. Se analizó el grado de concordancia entre los índices antropométricos y la percepción individual de la figura corporal.

Implementation and testing of WELD and automatic spectral rule-based classifications for Landsat ETM+ in South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Wessels, Konrad J

2013-04-01

Full Text Available The Web-enabled Landsat Data (WELD) system was successfully installed in South Africa (SA) and used for pre-processing large amounts of Landsat ETM+ data to composited seasonal mosaics. In pursuit of automated land cover mapping, the overall...

Assessment of the Trophic State and Chlorophyll-A Concentrations using Landsat OLI in Karaoun Reservoir Lebanon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fadel, A.; Faour, GH.; Slim, K.

2016-01-01

Harmful algal blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem. A regular and cost -effective monitoring of these blooms is highly needed by lakes managers. Satellite remote sensing imagery like Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) can be used to assess and monitor chlorophyll-a in water bodies over large areas in a cost-effective way. In this study, the accuracy of Landsat OLI to estimate chlorophyll-a was examined. Four field campaigns and cloud free images of Landsat OLI with 30 m resolution (01 May 2013, 21 August 2013, 10 July 2015, and 11 August 2015) were used in this study to determine the accuracy of Landsat OLI in estimating chlorophyll-a in a 12 km2 fresh water body, Karaoun reservoir. After atmospheric correction of these images, reflectance of single and multiple band combinations were compared to field chlorophyll-a data. Results of field campaigns showed that the trophic state of Karaoun reservoir is still eutrophic to hypereutrophic withhigh nutrient concentration andlow phytoplankton biodiversity, dominatedby cyanobacteria species, Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. On single band level, the n situ chlorophyll-a measurement correlated best with band 5 (0.85 -0.88 μm), with R=0.75 and R2=0.57.Highest correlation (R=0.84 and R2=0.72) was obtained using band combination, B2:B4 band ratio multiplied by B5. Results indicated that Landsat OLI can be used effectively to determine chlorophyll-a concentration in lakes and reservoirs. We recommend the application of Landsat OLI as a satisfactory and cost effective method for monitoring chlorophyll-a in other lakes through-out the world. (author)

Utilização da técnica por componentes principais (acp e fator de iluminação, no mapeamento da cultura do café em relevo montanhoso Coffee crop mapping using principal component analysis and illumination factor for complex relief

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubens A. C. Lamparelli

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as informações obtidas das imagens do satélite Landsat/TM5, utilizando técnicas de Análise por Componentes Principais (ACP e Fator de Iluminação oriundo de um Modelo de Elevação do Terreno, calculado a partir de imagens ASTER, no mapeamento de áreas de café em terreno montanhoso. As imagens utilizadas (três foram corrigidas para o efeito da atmosfera e cobriram, temporalmente, o ciclo da cultura. Foram calculadas as componentes principais e escolhidas as duas primeiras, as quais possuíam 94% das informações, para a definição das amostras. As amostras resultantes da ACP foram utilizadas na classificação supervisionada cujo resultado foi comparado com uma classificação convencional e uma classificação multitemporal convencional. A acurácia das classificações foi realizada por meio do cálculo da Exatidão Global e do Coeficiente Kappa, tendo como base uma máscara da área cafeeira da região. Os resultados mostraram que a técnica de ACP foi efetiva no estabelecimento de classes de iluminação, assim como na escolha das amostras, apesar de estas não terem representado a área efetivamente classificada. Em função disto, as classificações foram mais acuradas, principalmente aquela que considerou todos os pixels de cada imagem classificada individualmente pelo método da ACP, confirmando a importância do aspecto multitemporabilidade .The main goal of this study was to evaluate the information produced from Landsat/TM5 images using Principal Component Analysis (PCA and Illumination Factor built from Digital Elevation Model from ASTER images for coffee areas mapping in complex relief. Three Landsat images were used to monitor the crop cycle. The Principal Component Analysis was applied to the Landsat images and the two first components were chosen, responsible for 94% of the initial information, and used as a sample set for the supervised classification of those images. That

Centralized mission planning and scheduling system for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission

Science.gov (United States)

Kavelaars, Alicia; Barnoy, Assaf M.; Gregory, Shawna; Garcia, Gonzalo; Talon, Cesar; Greer, Gregory; Williams, Jason; Dulski, Vicki

2014-01-01

Satellites in Low Earth Orbit provide missions with closer range for studying aspects such as geography and topography, but often require efficient utilization of space and ground assets. Optimizing schedules for these satellites amounts to a complex planning puzzle since it requires operators to face issues such as discontinuous ground contacts, limited onboard memory storage, constrained downlink margin, and shared ground antenna resources. To solve this issue for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM, Landsat 8), all the scheduling exchanges for science data request, ground/space station contact, and spacecraft maintenance and control will be coordinated through a centralized Mission Planning and Scheduling (MPS) engine, based upon GMV’s scheduling system flexplan9 . The synchronization between all operational functions must be strictly maintained to ensure efficient mission utilization of ground and spacecraft activities while working within the bounds of the space and ground resources, such as Solid State Recorder (SSR) and available antennas. This paper outlines the functionalities that the centralized planning and scheduling system has in its operational control and management of the Landsat 8 spacecraft.

Perspective View with Landsat Overlay, Salt Lake City Olympics Venues, Utah

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

The 2002 Winter Olympics are hosted by Salt Lake City at several venues within the city, in nearby cities, and within the adjacent Wasatch Mountains. This computer generated perspective image provides a northward looking 'view from space' that includes all of these Olympic sites. In the south, next to Utah Lake, Provo hosts the ice hockey competition. In the north, northeast of the Great Salt Lake, Ogden hosts curling, and the nearby Snow Basin ski area hosts the downhill events. In between, southeast of the Great Salt Lake, Salt Lake City hosts the Olympic Village and the various skating events. Further east, across the Wasatch Mountains, the Park City area ski resorts host the bobsled, ski jumping, and snowboarding events. The Winter Olympics are always hosted in mountainous terrain. This view shows the dramatic landscape that makes the Salt Lake City region a world-class center for winter sports.This 3-D perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and a Landsat 5 satellite image mosaic. Topographic expression is exaggerated four times.For a full-resolution, annotated version of this image, please select Figure 1, below: [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter (98-foot) resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyzing the large and growing Landsat image archive, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Elevation data used in this image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on Feb. 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. SRTM was designed to collect 3-D measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60

A influência de imagens tridimensionais no plano de tratamento ortodôntico Orthodontic treatment plan changed by 3-D images

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Iury Oliveira Castro

2011-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC foi introduzida no final da década de 90 e estudos têm aprimorado o seu emprego na Odontologia. OBJETIVO: o objetivo desse artigo foi verificar a influência de imagens tridimensionais (3D no plano de tratamento ortodôntico. MÉTODOS: duas situações clínicas (reabsorção cervical e deiscência óssea foram descritas por meio de imagens 3D. RESULTADOS: a conduta ortodôntica foi redirecionada para a simplificação da mecânica e o controle das lesões durante o tratamento ortodôntico. CONCLUSÃO: imagens 3D são capazes de aumentar a acurácia do diagnóstico e redirecionar o plano de tratamento ortodôntico.INTRODUCTION: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT was introduced in the 90's and studies have improved its use in dentistry. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to investigate the influence of three-dimensional (3D images in orthodontic treatment planning. METHOD: Two clinical situations (bone dehiscence and cervical resorption were described by 3D images. RESULTS: The orthodontic treatment plan was redirected to a simplified mechanics and control of the lesions during orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: 3D images are able to increase diagnostic accuracy and redirect orthodontic treatment plan.

Análisis de la comunicación publicitaria de Apple: La construcción de imagen de marca a través de la creatividad

OpenAIRE

Senovilla Rodríguez, Samuel

2014-01-01

La imagen de marca de Apple Inc. es uno de los pilares más fuertes que sostienen a la empresa estadounidense. Esta sólida imagen de marca, se ha construido a lo largo de los años y desde 1976 a través de una amplia política de comunicación. Esta mezcla de promoción se nutre de diversas herramientas como la venta personal, la promoción de ventas, las relaciones públicas, el marketing directo, el merchandising o la publicidad y, sin duda, en el caso de Apple Inc. debemos subrayar...

Harmonic analysis of dense time series of landsat imagery for modeling change in forest conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Barry Tyler. Wilson

2015-01-01

This study examined the utility of dense time series of Landsat imagery for small area estimation and mapping of change in forest conditions over time. The study area was a region in north central Wisconsin for which Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery and field measurements from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program are available for the decade of 2003 to 2012. For the periods...

Landsat's role in ecological applications of remote sensing.

Science.gov (United States)

Warren B. Cohen; Samuel N. Goward

2004-01-01

Remote sensing, geographic information systems, and modeling have combined to produce a virtual explosion of growth in ecological investigations and applications that are explicitly spatial and temporal. Of all remotely sensed data, those acquired by landsat sensors have played the most pivotal role in spatial and temporal scaling. Modern terrestrial ecology relies on...

Development and implementation of a low cost micro computer system for LANDSAT analysis and geographic data base applications

Science.gov (United States)

Faust, N.; Jordon, L.

1981-01-01

Since the implementation of the GRID and IMGRID computer programs for multivariate spatial analysis in the early 1970's, geographic data analysis subsequently moved from large computers to minicomputers and now to microcomputers with radical reduction in the costs associated with planning analyses. Programs designed to process LANDSAT data to be used as one element in a geographic data base were used once NIMGRID (new IMGRID), a raster oriented geographic information system, was implemented on the microcomputer. Programs for training field selection, supervised and unsupervised classification, and image enhancement were added. Enhancements to the color graphics capabilities of the microsystem allow display of three channels of LANDSAT data in color infrared format. The basic microcomputer hardware needed to perform NIMGRID and most LANDSAT analyses is listed as well as the software available for LANDSAT processing.

Índice de masa corporal y percepción de la imagen corporal en estudiantes de enfermería Body Mass Index and perception of corporal image in nursing students

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Alcaraz López

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC y la percepción de la imagen corporal. Metodología. A 199 estudiantes de enfermería, Universidad de Antioquia, 2007, se calculó el IMC y la imagen corporal utilizando la escala de siluetas propuesta por Sorensen et al. Se utilizaron las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y proporciones. Se evaluó el nivel de concordancia entre el IMC real y la percepción de la imagen corporal y el nivel de concordancia de estas dos variables con la edad y con el semestre académico que cursaban. Resultados. Edad promedio 23,3 años, IMC de 22,7, 68,4% sobreestiman su imagen corporal (p= 0,05 y 4,5% la subestiman. Hubo concordancia entre el IMC real y la percepción de la imagen corporal sólo en 38,2%. Conclusión. La sobreestimación de la imagen corporal podría afectar el modelo de atención de enfermería y por ende alterar en los pacientes su autopercepción y estado nutricional.Objective. To explore the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI and body image's perception. Methodology. BMI and body image silhouettes from 199 Universidad de Antioquia's female students, from Medellin - Colombia, 2007 Body image's perception were calculated using the Sorensen et al's scale. We used measures of central tendency, dispersion, and proportion, besides, we measured the level of agreement between actual BMI and body image perception and level of agreement of these two variables with age and undergraduate level. Results. Average age 23.3 years, BMI 22.7 (SD: 2.9, 68.4% overestimated their body image (p = 0.05 and 4.5% underestimated it. There was concordance between actual BMI and body image perception in only 38.2%. Conclusion. This overestimation of body image's perception might affect the care model assistance that nurses provide to their patients and consequently it might distortion patients self perception and nutritional status.

Factores determinantes en la percepción de la imagen y calidad de servicio y sus efectos en la satisfacción del cliente. Un caso aplicado a la banca chilena

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Sara Arancibia Carvajal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación propone un modelo que permite a los directivos del sector bancario apoyar la gestión de los recursos, dando respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué factores son los que más valora el cliente para percibir una buena imagen y calidad del servicio, y cómo éstos afectan a la satisfacción? La propuesta busca entregar herramientas que permitan decidir donde focalizar mejor los recursos y acciones –mejorando la oferta de valor– que conlleven a fidelizar al cliente. Con base en los modelos de capital intelectual se proponen tres factores formados por intangibles y un factor de equipamiento físico conformado por tangibles que influyen sobre la imagen y calidad percibida. Se desarrolla un modelo de satisfacción en base a metodologías de ecuaciones estructurales, de donde se obtiene que los factores de atención del personal y eficiencia organizativa son los factores que más afectan a la calidad percibida. Por su parte, los factores atención del personal y eficiencia web son los que más influyen en la imagen. Tanto la calidad percibida como la imagen tienen un impacto considerable sobre la satisfacción del cliente.

A COMPARISON OF HAZE REMOVAL ALGORITHMS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY FOR LANDSAT IMAGERY

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Yang Xiao

Full Text Available The quality of Landsat images in humid areas is considerably degraded by haze in terms of their spectral response pattern, which limits the possibility of their application in using visible and near-infrared bands. A variety of haze removal algorithms have been proposed to correct these unsatisfactory illumination effects caused by the haze contamination. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the difference of two major algorithms (the improved homomorphic filtering (HF and the virtual cloud point (VCP for their effectiveness in solving spatially varying haze contamination, and to evaluate the impacts of haze removal on land cover classification. A case study with exploiting large quantities of Landsat TM images and climates (clear and haze in the most humid areas in China proved that these haze removal algorithms both perform well in processing Landsat images contaminated by haze. The outcome of the application of VCP appears to be more similar to the reference images compared to HF. Moreover, the Landsat image with VCP haze removal can improve the classification accuracy effectively in comparison to that without haze removal, especially in the cloudy contaminated area

Landsat 8 and ICESat-2: Performance and potential synergies for quantifying dryland ecosystem vegetation cover and biomass

Science.gov (United States)

Glenn, Nancy F.; Neuenschwander, Amy; Vierling, Lee A.; Spaete, Lucas; Li, Aihua; Shinneman, Douglas; Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert; McIlroy, Susan

2016-01-01

The Landsat 8 mission provides new opportunities for quantifying the distribution of above-ground carbon at moderate spatial resolution across the globe, and in particular drylands. Furthermore, coupled with structural information from space-based and airborne laser altimetry, Landsat 8 provides powerful capabilities for large-area, long-term studies that quantify temporal and spatial changes in above-ground biomass and cover. With the planned launch of ICESat-2 in 2017 and thus the potential to couple Landsat 8 and ICESat-2 data, we have unprecedented opportunities to address key challenges in drylands, including quantifying fuel loads, habitat quality, biodiversity, carbon cycling, and desertification.

La construcción de imagen y reputación de las organizaciones vía Twitter

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Rebeca Illiana Arévalo Martínez

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La comunicación que realizan las organizaciones con sus grupos de interés ha evolucionado conforme a las innovaciones tecnológicas (Kanter, 2006, haciéndose necesario el incremento de la interacción, particularmente vía las redes sociales digitales, pero también se ha reconocido la importancia de incorporar aspectos de responsabilidad y fundamentos en valores (Kotler, Kartajava, y Setiawan, 2011 que influyan directamente en la construcción de la imagen (Capriotti, 2009 y reputación (Villafañe, 2004 de dichas organizaciones. En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación sobre la actividad que tienen algunas organizaciones privadas en México vía Twitter, con el fin de identificar cómo desarrollan su imagen y reputación a partir de su estrategia en el uso de esta red social digital y cómo es que pueden generar una comunicación de doble vía con sus grupos de interés para tener una interacción e influencia sostenida en el tiempo.

Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data

Science.gov (United States)

Hawbaker, Todd J.; Vanderhoof, Melanie; Beal, Yen-Ju G.; Takacs, Joshua; Schmidt, Gail L.; Falgout, Jeff T.; Williams, Brad; Brunner, Nicole M.; Caldwell, Megan K.; Picotte, Joshua J.; Howard, Stephen M.; Stitt, Susan; Dwyer, John L.

2017-01-01

Complete and accurate burned area data are needed to document patterns of fires, to quantify relationships between the patterns and drivers of fire occurrence, and to assess the impacts of fires on human and natural systems. Unfortunately, in many areas existing fire occurrence datasets are known to be incomplete. Consequently, the need to systematically collect burned area information has been recognized by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which have both called for the production of essential climate variables (ECVs), including information about burned area. In this paper, we present an algorithm that identifies burned areas in dense time-series of Landsat data to produce the Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV) products. The algorithm uses gradient boosted regression models to generate burn probability surfaces using band values and spectral indices from individual Landsat scenes, lagged reference conditions, and change metrics between the scene and reference predictors. Burn classifications are generated from the burn probability surfaces using pixel-level thresholding in combination with a region growing process. The algorithm can be applied anywhere Landsat and training data are available. For this study, BAECV products were generated for the conterminous United States from 1984 through 2015. These products consist of pixel-level burn probabilities for each Landsat scene, in addition to, annual composites including: the maximum burn probability and a burn classification. We compared the BAECV burn classification products to the existing Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED; 1997–2015) and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS; 1984–2013) data. We found that the BAECV products mapped 36% more burned area than the GFED and 116% more burned area than MTBS. Differences between the BAECV products and the GFED were especially high in the West and East where the

Um Deus com o rosto do Brasil: um estudo exploratório sobre a relação entre imagens e imaginários de Deus na cultura e na pregação evangélico-luterana

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Júlio Cézar Adam

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende refletir sobre imagens e imaginários de Deus no contexto brasileiro em relação com imagens e imaginários de Deus em prédicas do contexto latino-americano, tomando como exemplo prédicas escritas por ministros/as da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB, publicadas no site Göttinger Predigten im Internet. Para análise destas imagens e imaginários de Deus, julgou-se importante, tratar o contexto sociocultural da IECLB – que corresponde, em grande medida, ao contexto do protestantismo histórico no Brasil – e refletir brevemente sobre imagem e imaginário em relação à religião e à teologia, não pretendendo construir uma teoria sobre imagem e imaginário. O artigo divide-se em três partes: na primeira parte apresentam-se aspectos das imagens e dos imaginários de Deus presentes na cultura e religiosidade brasileira, tomando alguns exemplos da cultura pop e do contexto teológico de alguns segmentos eclesiásticos. Na segunda parte, busca-se brevemente por conceitos de imagem, imaginário, averiguando a sua relação com a teologia. Na última parte, analisam-se imagens de Deus em prédicas da IECLB e busca-se refletir sobre o significado destas imagens para a pregação cristã, considerando-se o contexto em que a igreja está inserida. 

Landsat Image Map Production Methods at the U. S. Geological Survey

Science.gov (United States)

Kidwell, R.D.; Binnie, D.R.; Martin, S.

1987-01-01

To maintain consistently high quality in satellite image map production, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed standard procedures for the photographic and digital production of Landsat image mosaics, and for lithographic printing of multispectral imagery. This paper gives a brief review of the photographic, digital, and lithographic procedures currently in use for producing image maps from Landsat data. It is shown that consistency in the printing of image maps is achieved by standardizing the materials and procedures that affect the image detail and color balance of the final product. Densitometric standards are established by printing control targets using the pressplates, inks, pre-press proofs, and paper to be used for printing.

Modelos de correção geométrica para imagens HRV - SPOT

OpenAIRE

Antônio José Ferreira Machado e Silva

1988-01-01

A correção geométrica apresenta-se como uma ferramenta extremamente importante nas diversas aplicações de Sensoriamento Remoto. Por este motivo, ela deve incluir o rol das tarefas que compõem o pré-processamento de imagens. A literatura apresenta diversos modelos matemáticos para este fim, bem como modelos para refinar a correção geométrica. Esta dissertação busca apresentar, analisar e comparar alguns métodos de correção geométrica, procurando estudar a relação entre custos computacionais e ...

Estudio de caso del Postgrado Comunicación e Imagen del IADE Lisboa

OpenAIRE

Pereira, María Helena Cardoso Simoes

2006-01-01

El Proceso de Bolonia ha creado huevas reglas para la uniformación de la Enseñanza Superior en la Europa, implantando nuevos paradigmas, entre los cuales está el aseguramiento de la calidad y la importancia de la formación a lo largo de la vida. El objetivo de este estudio se inserta en estas dos temáticas, pretendiendo saber si el curso de Postgrado en Comunicac ión e Imagen del IADE (Lisboa) administra una enseñanza de calidad. La metodología utilizada se basó en el modelo EFQM. Se auscultó...

Nise da Silveira: imagens do inconsciente entre psicologia, arte e política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frayze-Pereira João A.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A HISTÓRIA de vida de Nise da Silveira é considerada à luz do complexo campo simbólico que sua obra de maior envergadura inaugurou na cultura brasileira - o Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente, campo de passagem entre o hospício e o mundo da arte. Neste artigo, este museu é analisado segundo os principais eixos que o articulam: o psicológico, o artístico e o político. É considerado o impacto da art brutt sobre o próprio criador marginal e sobre o olhar do espectador.

IMAGEN TURÍSTICA Y MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN. Una construcción social

OpenAIRE

Gerardo Novo E. de los Monteros

2012-01-01

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la construcción de la imagen de los destinos turísticos tomando como marco teórico de referencia la teoría de sistemas de Niklas Luhmann. Particularmente se profundiza en el proceso de construcción de la realidad social que hace el sistema de los medios masivos de comunicación como el espacio donde se socializan los imaginarios que los turistas tienen con respecto de los destinos a partir de la información que se les presenta. Para explicar est...

Uso de SSIM como índice de calidad de imagen médica

OpenAIRE

Prieto Renieblas, Gabriel

2009-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar el comportamiento del Índice de Similitud Estructural (SSIM) , en su versión Índice de Correlación Cruzada de Similitud Estructural Multiescala (R*) en la evaluación de imágenes médicas. Este modelo se basa en la hipótesis de que el sistema visual humano está muy adaptado para extraer información estructural de las imágenes, de tal forma que una medida de la información estructural puede dar una buena aproximación de la calidad de imagen percibida....

Impresiones de los Mexicanos sobre la imagen país de Colombia

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Lina María Echeverri Cañas

2014-08-01

Full Text Available La imagen país de Colombia ha sido objeto de discusión en los campos de los negocios internacionales y el marketing territorial. Colombia es un país con un posicionamiento tradicional asociado al narcotráfico y al café, situación que ha llevado a los gobiernos de la última década a definir nuevas estrategias que ayuden a mejorar la reputación del país en mercados internacionales. Sin embargo, sus esfuerzos han sido de poco impacto porque la imagen país de Colombia todavía mantiene una asociación histórica negativa resultado del narcotráfico. En este sentido, el presente artículo aborda los resultados de una investigación realizada sobre las impresiones que tienen los mexicanos que han visitado y no han visitado a Colombia. Se eligió a México porque es el segundo emisor de turistas hacia Colombia procedentes de Norteamérica. Por medio de una investigación empírica aplicada a una muestra de 190 mexicanos mayores de 18 años, se encontró que el posicionamiento se mantiene negativo y se asocia al país con drogas, terrorismo, inseguridad y corrupción. Dicha percepción contrasta con un atributo que se destaca en el estudio, y es que se asocia a Colombia con la amabilidad de su población. Los resultados del estudio se obtuvieron finalizando el 2013. Palabras clave: Asociación; Colombia; imagen país; México; percepción; visitantes.Mexicans' impressions of Colombia's country imageAbstractThe country image of Colombia has been discussed in the fields of international business and territorial marketing. Colombia is a country with a positioning associated with drug trafficking and coffee. This situation has led governments in the last decade to define new strategies to help improve Colombia’s reputation in international markets. However, its efforts have been of little impact, because the image of Colombia country still maintains negative due to its historical association. In this sense, this article discusses the results

LANDSAT-8 OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGER CHANGE DETECTION ANALYSIS

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W. Pervez

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This paper investigated the potential utility of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI for change detection analysis and mapping application because of its superior technical design to previous Landsat series. The OLI SVM classified data was successfully classified with regard to all six test classes (i.e., bare land, built-up land, mixed trees, bushes, dam water and channel water. OLI support vector machine (SVM classified data for the four seasons (i.e., spring, autumn, winter, and summer was used to change detection results of six cases: (1 winter to spring which resulted reduction in dam water mapping and increases of bushes; (2 winter to summer which resulted reduction in dam water mapping and increase of vegetation; (3 winter to autumn which resulted increase in dam water mapping; (4 spring to summer which resulted reduction of vegetation and shallow water; (5 spring to autumn which resulted decrease of vegetation; and (6 summer to autumn which resulted increase of bushes and vegetation . OLI SVM classified data resulted higher overall accuracy and kappa coefficient and thus found suitable for change detection analysis.

OHIO RIVER WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT USING LANDSAT-7 DATA

Science.gov (United States)

The objectives of this project were (1) to develop a universal index for measuring Turbidity and Chlorophyll-A from remote sensing data and (2) to correlate satellite image parameters from Landsat-7 data with field measurements of water quality for five parameters: Chlorophyll-A ...

Imagen, sociedad, y modernidad en el departamento de Nariño, 1870-2010

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Ricardo Oviedo Arévalo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El Departamento de Nariño es una entidad territorial con un rico acervo histórico escrito, demostrado por investigadores de renombre como don José Rafael Sañudo, Leopoldo López Álvarez y Jorge Elías Ortiz a través de fecundas trayectorias investigativas sobre diferentes etapas de su vida republicana. La reconstrucción de la memoria histórica y social del Departamento de Nariño por medio de la fotografía se constituye en una modalidad de investigación alternativa en el campo de las ciencias sociales cuando se plantea hacer hermenéutica de archivo para el análisis social a través la imagen, como un recurso alternativo y novedoso en la indagación social. De esta manera, la fotografía facilita los procesos de investigación, permite otro tipo de acercamientos y lecturas a través de la semiótica de la imagen, cuya práctica tiene como antecedentes disciplinares los trabajos de: Serge Gruzinski (1949- , sobre la creación de imaginarios sociales e historia de las mentalidades. De Humberto Eco (1932- con sus estudios sobre la semiótica y la estética, y Armando Silva (1998, sobre los imaginarios urbanos. La creación del Departamento de Nariño fue un proyecto tardío en la reorganización del territorio a inicio del siglo XX, con una gran influencia conservadora y religiosa, evidenciándose de manera gráfica las dificultades y los conflictos sociales del sur occidente colombiano con las características propias de multietnicidad y pluriculturidad, lo que sin embargo, contribuyó en la construcción del discurso de región a través de la imagen. De esta manera, se construyen y se relacionan tres tipos de lecturas sobre el Departamento de Nariño: la primera, referente a los contrastes de la geografía y la sociedad (Harvey, 2007, la segunda, referente al paisaje social (Appadurai, 2001, y la tercera, a los procesos de poblamiento en su territorio (Santos, 2000. La fotografía permite hacer la lectura de estas tres variables en

El papel de la industria cinematográfica colombiana en la promoción de imagen del país a nivel internacional (período 2003-2012)

OpenAIRE

Barajas Contreras, Juliana Isabel

2015-01-01

El presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo determinar el papel que ha desempeñado la industria cinematográfica colombiana en la promoción de imagen del país a nivel internacional durante los gobiernos de Álvaro Uribe y Juan Manuel Santos. Se defiende, que la industria cinematográfica colombiana sí ha incidido en la promoción de imagen del país a nivel internacional, puesto que, ha incrementado la presencia del cine colombiano en los festivales de cine más importantes del mundo, generando...

LA IMAGEN EN EL TURISMO URBANO: REVISITANDO EL TOLEDO ROMÁNTICO

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Carmen García Martínez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La imagen de la ciudad es un elemento fundamental para el turismo cultural dirigido a los núcleos urbanos. La literatura ha contribuido en gran medida a crear algunas de estas imágenes y las que ha proporcionado el Romanticismo figuran entre las más valiosas. En este trabajo se repasan las características paisajísticas de la interpretación romántica de Toledo a través de los relatos de viajeros entre 1830 y 1870. La utilización de estas imágenes se inserta en el modelo actual de turismo, y en la falta de autenticidad de algunas de las propuestas de gestión de la actividad turística.

Near-Real-Time Monitoring of Insect Defoliation Using Landsat Time Series

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Valerie J. Pasquarella

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Introduced insects and pathogens impact millions of acres of forested land in the United States each year, and large-scale monitoring efforts are essential for tracking the spread of outbreaks and quantifying the extent of damage. However, monitoring the impacts of defoliating insects presents a significant challenge due to the ephemeral nature of defoliation events. Using the 2016 gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar outbreak in Southern New England as a case study, we present a new approach for near-real-time defoliation monitoring using synthetic images produced from Landsat time series. By comparing predicted and observed images, we assessed changes in vegetation condition multiple times over the course of an outbreak. Initial measures can be made as imagery becomes available, and season-integrated products provide a wall-to-wall assessment of potential defoliation at 30 m resolution. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons suggest our Landsat Time Series (LTS products improve identification of defoliation events relative to existing products and provide a repeatable metric of change in condition. Our synthetic-image approach is an important step toward using the full temporal potential of the Landsat archive for operational monitoring of forest health over large extents, and provides an important new tool for understanding spatial and temporal dynamics of insect defoliators.

Detección de patrones y anomalías espectrales del terreno mediante espectrometría de imagen de alta resolución : reconocimiento, optimización y evaluación multiescenario

OpenAIRE

Rejas Ayuga, Juan Gregorio

2014-01-01

El objeto de esta Tesis doctoral es el desarrollo de una metodologia para la deteccion automatica de anomalias a partir de datos hiperespectrales o espectrometria de imagen, y su cartografiado bajo diferentes condiciones tipologicas de superficie y terreno. La tecnologia hiperespectral o espectrometria de imagen ofrece la posibilidad potencial de caracterizar con precision el estado de los materiales que conforman las diversas superficies en base a su respuesta espectral. Es...

Assessment of Forest Damage in Croatia using Landsat-8 OLI Images

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Anita Simic Milas

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Background and Purpose: Rapid assessments of forest damage caused by natural disasters such as ice-break, wind, flooding, hurricane, or forest fires are necessary for mitigation and forest management. Forest damage directly impacts carbon uptake and biogeochemical cycles, and thus, has an impact on climate change. It intensifies erosion and flooding, and influences socio-economic well-being of population. Quantification of forest cover change represents a challenge for the scientific community as damaged areas are often in the mountainous and remote regions. Forested area in the western Croatia was considerably damaged by ice-breaking and flooding in 2014. Satellite remote sensing technology has opened up new possibilities for detecting and quantifying forest damage. Several remote sensing tools are available for rapid assessment of forest damage. These include aerial photographic interpretation, and airborne and satellite imagery. This study evaluates the capability of Landsat-8 optical data and a vegetation index for mapping forest damage in Croatia that occurred during the winter of 2014. Materials and Methods: The change detection analysis in this study was based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI difference approach, where pre- and post- event Landsat-8 images were employed in the ENVI image change workflow. The validation was done by comparing the satellite-generated change detection map with the ground truth data based on field observations and spatial data of forest management units and plans. Results: The overall damage assessment from this study suggests that the total damaged area covers 45,265.32 ha of forest. It is 19.20% less than estimated by Vuletić et al. [3] who found that 56,021.86 ha of forest were affected. Most damage was observed in the mixed, broadleaf and coniferous forest. The change errors of commission and omission were calculated to be 35.73% and 31.60%, respectively. Conclusions: Landsat-8 optical

Mujeres en guerra: la imagen de la mujer italiana en los noticiarios Luce durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1940-1945

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Carlota Coronado Ruiz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Desde que Italia entró en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el noticiario cinematográfico Luce (el principal instrumento de propaganda del fascismo tuvo como prioridad mostrar la guerra: se presentaba una Italia victoriosa y un Mussolini aclamado por las masas. En este contexto, la imagen que se ofrecía de la retaguardia y de las mujeres involucradas en la guerra resultaba muy importante para la construcción de una imagen audiovisual positiva de aquélla. Así, en este estudio se analizan los noticiarios cinematográficos en los que aparece la mujer italiana y cómo fue su participación en la guerra: desde las mujeres fascistas militarizadas, a las trabajadoras que reemplazaban a los hombres en las industrias bélicas; desde las labores sociales que llevaron a cabo, a la vida cotidiana que padecieron, marcada por el racionamiento y los hogares destruidos.

Úbeda : la consolidación de la imagen renacentista

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María Dolores Antigüedad del Castillo Olivares

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La ciudad de Úbeda ha sido calificada por la UNESCO Ciudad Patrimonio de la Humanidad por su singularidad como ciudad renacentista. Esta imagen renacentista se ha ido consolidando desde los inicios del siglo XX y está en buena medida asociada a la valorización de la arquitectura del Renacimiento. Las restauraciones modernas han insistido en la importancia de los restos arquitectónicos renacentistas que adquieren así relevancia en detrimento de la estructura urbana de origen medieval.Úbeda was included in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List due to its singularity as Renaissance town. This Renaissance image has been consolidated since the begining of the 20th century and it is also closely related to a higher consideration of the Renaissance architecture. Modern restorations gave Renaissance architectural remains some importance over the medieval urban structure.

Temporal validation for landsat-based volume estimation model

Science.gov (United States)

Renaldo J. Arroyo; Emily B. Schultz; Thomas G. Matney; David L. Evans; Zhaofei Fan

2015-01-01

Satellite imagery can potentially reduce the costs and time associated with ground-based forest inventories; however, for satellite imagery to provide reliable forest inventory data, it must produce consistent results from one time period to the next. The objective of this study was to temporally validate a Landsat-based volume estimation model in a four county study...

REGIONAL GEOLGICAL MAPPING IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS USING LANDSAT TM AND SRTM REMOTE SENSING DATA

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A. Beiranvand Pour

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM data were used to produce geological maps in tropical environments. Lineament, lithology and landform maps were produced for all states in peninsular Malaysia in this study. Kedah, Perak and Terengganu states have been selected as case studies to demonstrate the results of the data and techniques used. Directional filtering technique was applied to Landsat TM bands 4, 5 and 3 for lineament mapping. The lithology map was produced using Landsat TM bands combination consist of bands 4, 3 and 2. Digital elevation model and landform map were produced using SRTM data in 3 Dimension (3D and 2 Dimension (2D perspective views, respectively. The produced geological maps and the remote sensing data and methods applied in this study are mostly appropriate for hazard risk mapping applications and mineral exploration projects in the peninsular Malaysia and tropical environments.

Enfoque multricriterios al estudio de la imagen empresarial y posicionamiento competitivo a través de la calidad percibida en el servicio de elaboración de diseños

OpenAIRE

María de Lourdes Artola Pimentel

2010-01-01

El concepto de imagen visto como el conjunto de representaciones mentales que surgen en el espíritu del público que reflejan las manifestaciones de una cultura en las percepciones del entorno puede abordarse para su estudio desde el ángulo de la Calidad Percibida donde se valora el juicio del cliente resultante de la comparación entre percepciones y expectativas. En el presente trabajo se expone un modelo que permite el estudio de la imagen y el posicionamiento de ...

Using Landsat satellite imagery to detect small-size forest stands of Pinus nigra Arn. and Pinus sylvestris L. affected by Scolytidae; Uso de imagenes satelite Landsat para la deteccion de rodales de Pinus nigra Arn. y Pinus sylvestris L. afectados por escolitidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blanco, E.; Bonet, J. A.; Eizaguirre, M.

2009-07-01

Medium resolution images from multispectral sensors like Landsat TM have been extensively used for decades in order to identify decline and defoliation generated by insects and other forest pests. The present work analyses the usefulness of these kinds of images to detect small-size stands of Pinus nigra Arn. and Pinus sylvestris L. affected by Scolytidae attacks. The study area was located in the Solsones region (Eastern Pyrenees), selecting 34 training zones (17 damaged small-size stands and 17 healthy small-size stands). The exploratory analysis of the images was conducted with the ERDAS IMAGINE 8.x. program.The results of the study showed significant differences between the affected and non-affected stands in 5 of the 7 spectral bands analysed. TM5 and TM7 bands were identified as those having the highest power to detect damaged stands. The digital levels obtained and the spaces of characteristics created, both showed trends to group small-size affected stands versus healthy, achieving improvements in the methodological procedure employed. (Author) 31 refs.

Análise das propriedades ópticas da água do reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva – Itaara, RS, Brasil, usando dados espectrais de campo e imagens orbitais multiespectrais

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Conrado de Moraes Rudorff

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho avaliou a separabilidade de classes de água, a partir de técnicas de análises da reflectância de superfície, com dados medidos em campo e imagens multiespectrais adquiridas em nível orbital. A área de estudo foi o reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva, localizado na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia foi baseada na coleta de dados in situ – total de sólidos em suspensão, clorofila (a, b, c, transparência da água e espectros de reflectância bidirecional – em 21 pontos amostrais no dia 16 de maio de 2006. A técnica de remoção do contínuo foi aplicada aos espectros de campo em quatro intervalos de bandas de absorção: 400-550nm, 610-640nm, 650-680nm e 580-700nm. Os parâmetros de remoção do contínuo das bandas de absorção analisados foram: profundidade, área e largura. Verificou-se que os parâmetros de profundidade, área e a largura da banda de absorção não apresentaram potencial de separabilidade em classes espectrais relacionadas à pequena variação na concentração dos componentes opticamente ativos na água. Imagens CBERS-2/CCD e Landsat 5/TM adquiridas em datas próximas à atividade de campo foram corrigidas dos efeitos atmosféricos e classificadas. Os resultados das classificações não apresentaram correlações significativas com os parâmetros de qualidade da água, a fim de proporcionar uma caracterização espectral das classes de água ou compartimentos. A dificuldade no estabelecimento de relações entre os parâmetros de reflectância espectral e qualidade da água foi devida, principalmente, à baixa variabilidade dos componentes opticamente ativos na água do Reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva. Neste caso, as análises espectrais testadas neste trabalho não foram sensíveis às pequenas variações observadas por meio dos dados de campo.

Diseño y Validación de un Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal Para Personas en Situación de Discapacidad Física

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PAULA ANDREA BOTERO SOTO

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio pretendió diseñar y validar el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal para Personas con Discapacidad Física. La muestra incidental estuvo conformada por 114 personas de 18 a 50 años, residentes en Bogotá, que presentaban una discapacidad física. Se diseñaron 40 ítems, evaluados por jueces expertos, se aplicaron a la muestra y se definieron los criterios de calificación. El análisis factorial evidenció la existencia de tres factores constituyentes del constructo de imagen corporal: atractivo, funcionalidad y satisfacción. El cuestionario cumplió con las condiciones de confiabilidad y validez necesarias, por lo que se concluye que es posible utilizarlo, aunque es preciso continuar con el proceso de validación.

Preliminary analysis of the potential of LANDSAT imagery to study desertification. [Xique-Xique, Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Lombardo, M. A.; Decarvalho, V. C.

1980-01-01

The use of LANDSAT imagery to define and delimit areas under process of desertification was investigated. Imagery for two different years (1973 and 1978) and two different seasons (dry and rainy seasons in 1976), were used to identify terrain morphology and vegetation cover. The analysis of LANDSAT interpretation, combined with geological and soil information obtained from published literature, allowed the identification of eleven ecological units which were classified corresponding to the degree of the Xique Xique region of Rio Sao Francisco.

Determination of turbidity patterns in Lake Chicot from LANDSAT MSS imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Lecroy, S. R.

1982-01-01

A historical analysis of all the applicable LANDSAT imagery was conducted on the turbidity patterns of Lake Chicot, located in the southeastern corner of Arkansas. By examining the seasonal and regional turbidity patterns, a record of sediment dynamics and possible disposition can be obtained. Sketches were generated from the suitable imagery, displaying different intensities of brightness observed in bands 5 and 7 of LANDSAT's multispectral scanner data. Differences in and between bands 5 and 7 indicate variances in the levels of surface sediment concentrations. High sediment loads are revealed when distinct patterns appear in the band 7 imagery. Additionally, the upwelled signal is exponential in nature and saturates in band 5 at low wavelengths for large concentrations of suspended solids.

Estudio de la precisión de la imagen térmica infrarroja en el diagnóstico de lesiones traumatológicas en la edad pediátrica

OpenAIRE

Sanchis Sánchez, Enrique

2014-01-01

Este estudio de la precisión diagnóstica de la Imagen Térmica Infrarroja (ITI) en el diagnóstico de lesiones traumatológicas durante la infancia, ha sido motivado por la alta incidencia de este tipo de lesiones (fracturas, esguinces y contusiones) que habitualmente se diagnostican mediante rayos X, con el potencial riesgo que supone el uso de este tipo de radiación ionizante en pacientes pediátricos. La valoración de la precisión diagnóstica de otra prueba de imagen alternativa, como es la...

Application of LANDSAT to the surveillance and control of lake eutrophication in the Great Lakes Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Rogers, R. H. (Principal Investigator)

1975-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Preliminary results in Saginaw Bay show that processed LANDSAT data provides a synoptic view of turbidity and circulation patterns that no degree of ground monitoring can provide. Processed imagery was produced to show nine discrete categories of turbidity, as indicated by nine Secchi depths between 0.3 and 3.3 meters. Analysis of lakes near Madison, Wisconsin show that inland lake water can be categorized by LANDSAT as clear, tannin, algal, and red clay. LANDSAT's capability to inventory watershed land use was throughly demonstrated in the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana regional planning area. Computer tabulations providing area covered by each of 16 land use categories were rapidly and economically produced for each of the 225 watersheds and nine counties.

Análise da mudança da vegetação nativa ocasionada pela expansão agrícola no município de Uruçuí, Piauí

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Julianna Lima Queiroz

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, a agricultura moderna no Brasil, que antes era concentrada na região Centro-Sul, difundiu-se nos estados do Nordeste. O Piauí vivenciou uma rápida ocupação do Cerrado, devido a introdução de grandes projetos de agricultura e o município de Uruçuí se destaca na produção de grãos, principalmente a soja. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a mudança da vegetação nativa ocasionada pela expansão agrícola do município de Uruçuí por meio do sensoriamento remoto. O processo foi dividido em fases, tais como: aquisição de dados, pré-processamento, extrapolação e classificação de imagens. Foram utilizadas imagens dos anos de 2003 do satélite Landsat 5 TM e de 2013 do Landsat 8 TM. As imagens desses dois anos foram georreferenciadas e fundidas através da técnica de mosaico com o programa QGIS. Por fim, foi produzido um mapa temático área degradada, para avaliar a evolução do processo de substituição da vegetação. Os dados obtidos nesse estudo indicaram que ocorreu a evolução das áreas de lavouras de grãos no município de Uruçuí. A análise das figuras revelou a substituição da vegetação nativa da região ocasionada principalmente pela crescente expansão agrícola. É de extrema importância o monitoramento dessas grandes áreas, para que seja possível quantificar o nível de exploração e reduzir os impactos ambientais.

Mapping paddy rice distribution using multi-temporal Landsat imagery in the Sanjiang Plain, northeast China

Science.gov (United States)

XIAO, Xiangming; DONG, Jinwei; QIN, Yuanwei; WANG, Zongming

2016-01-01

Information of paddy rice distribution is essential for food production and methane emission calculation. Phenology-based algorithms have been utilized in the mapping of paddy rice fields by identifying the unique flooding and seedling transplanting phases using multi-temporal moderate resolution (500 m to 1 km) images. In this study, we developed simple algorithms to identify paddy rice at a fine resolution at the regional scale using multi-temporal Landsat imagery. Sixteen Landsat images from 2010–2012 were used to generate the 30 m paddy rice map in the Sanjiang Plain, northeast China—one of the major paddy rice cultivation regions in China. Three vegetation indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI), were used to identify rice fields during the flooding/transplanting and ripening phases. The user and producer accuracies of paddy rice on the resultant Landsat-based paddy rice map were 90% and 94%, respectively. The Landsat-based paddy rice map was an improvement over the paddy rice layer on the National Land Cover Dataset, which was generated through visual interpretation and digitalization on the fine-resolution images. The agricultural census data substantially underreported paddy rice area, raising serious concern about its use for studies on food security. PMID:27695637

Imagen y Arte: La Necesidad de la Experiencia por la Sensación

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Donald Hugh de Barros Kerr Junior (Goy

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Muchos procedimientos utilizados en propuestas pedagógicas definen las artes visuales en el cotidiano de escuelas brasileras. Cuestionamos aquellos que, despotencializados, continúan afirmando un carácter meramente instrumental y utilitario del quehacer artístico. Comenzamos la discusión tomando procedimientos que acaban confirmando que la imagen en la escuela, en gran parte, es tratada como ilustración y no como productora de pensamiento. Preguntamos: ¿qué alternativas pueden ser erguidas en el sentido de actualizar el uso de la imagen artística en el salón de clase? ¿Cómo huir de los estereotipos y modelos? Nos fundamentamos en los conceptos de experiencia y de arte como sensación. Con el concepto e heterotopía provocamos la percepción de algo que puede romper la sintaxis y presentarse por la sensación. Defendemos prácticas que hagan funcionar el arte como sensación y no a través de un lenguaje que fija y codifica lo no codificable de la experiencia artística. La sensación puede romper también con una formación docente apegada a rótulos, modelos y modismos. Abriéndonos al no cliché, nuevas formas de pensar y sentir, nos aproximan de los modos de crear propios del arte. Al dar continuidad a estos modos en nuestras vidas, repetimos en la diferencia rompiendo con aquellos procesos tan gobernados y lineales que se empeñan obstinadamente en permanecer en nuestra cotidianidad.

O POTENCIAL DE IMAGENS QUICKBIRD PARA ANÁLISE DO RELEVO DE UM SETOR DO PLANALTO DAS ARAUCÁRIAS, RS: CENTRO DE PESQUISAS E CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA PRÓ-MATA

OpenAIRE

Eduardo da Silva Pinheiro; Hermann Johann Heinrich Kux; Jorge Alberto Villwock

2005-01-01

Este trabalho analisa o potencial de imagens com alta resolução espacial (satélite QuickBird) para mapear o relevo de um setor do Planalto das Araucárias, no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A área teste foi o Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza PRÓ-MATA. Em 1994, o PRÓ-MATA foi criado para desenvolver estudos e ações visando à conservação da Mata Atlântica. Imagens QuickBir...

LEAST SQUARE APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE FROM LANDSAT-8 SATELLITE DATA USING RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATION

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Y. Jouybari-Moghaddam

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Land Surface Temperature (LST is one of the significant variables measured by remotely sensed data, and it is applied in many environmental and Geoscience studies. The main aim of this study is to develop an algorithm to retrieve the LST from Landsat-8 satellite data using Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE. However, LST can be retrieved from RTE, but, since the RTE has two unknown parameters including LST and surface emissivity, estimating LST from RTE is an under the determined problem. In this study, in order to solve this problem, an approach is proposed an equation set includes two RTE based on Landsat-8 thermal bands (i.e.: band 10 and 11 and two additional equations based on the relation between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI and emissivity of Landsat-8 thermal bands by using simulated data for Landsat-8 bands. The iterative least square approach was used for solving the equation set. The LST derived from proposed algorithm is evaluated by the simulated dataset, built up by MODTRAN. The result shows the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE is less than 1.18°K. Therefore; the proposed algorithm can be a suitable and robust method to retrieve the LST from Landsat-8 satellite data.

Least Square Approach for Estimating of Land Surface Temperature from LANDSAT-8 Satellite Data Using Radiative Transfer Equation

Science.gov (United States)

Jouybari-Moghaddam, Y.; Saradjian, M. R.; Forati, A. M.

2017-09-01

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the significant variables measured by remotely sensed data, and it is applied in many environmental and Geoscience studies. The main aim of this study is to develop an algorithm to retrieve the LST from Landsat-8 satellite data using Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). However, LST can be retrieved from RTE, but, since the RTE has two unknown parameters including LST and surface emissivity, estimating LST from RTE is an under the determined problem. In this study, in order to solve this problem, an approach is proposed an equation set includes two RTE based on Landsat-8 thermal bands (i.e.: band 10 and 11) and two additional equations based on the relation between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and emissivity of Landsat-8 thermal bands by using simulated data for Landsat-8 bands. The iterative least square approach was used for solving the equation set. The LST derived from proposed algorithm is evaluated by the simulated dataset, built up by MODTRAN. The result shows the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is less than 1.18°K. Therefore; the proposed algorithm can be a suitable and robust method to retrieve the LST from Landsat-8 satellite data.

Incorporating Spatio-temporal Phenological Variation in Detecting Exotic Saltcedar Using Landsat Time Series

Science.gov (United States)

Diao, C.; Wang, L.

2017-12-01

The invasion of exotic species compromises ecosystem functions and causes substantial economic losses at the global scale. Over the past century, non-native saltcedar has expanded into most riparian zones in southwestern United States and posed significant threats to the native biotic communities. Repeated monitoring of saltcedar distribution is essential for conservation agencies to locate highly susceptible areas and develop corresponding control strategies. Throughout the phenological cycle, the leaf senescence stage has been found to be the most crucial in spectrally detecting saltcedar. However, due to climate variability and anthropogenic forcing, the timing of saltcedar leaf senescence may vary over space and time. This spatial and inter-annual variation need to be accommodated to pinpoint the appropriate remotely sensed imagery for saltcedar mapping. The objective of this study was to develop a Landsat-based Multiyear Spectral Angle Clustering (MSAC) model to monitor the inter-annual leaf senescence of exotic saltcedar. At the Landsat scale, the time series analysis of vegetation phenology is usually limited by the temporal resolution of images. The MSAC model can overcome this limit and take advantage of the Landsat images from multiple years to compensate the lack of images in a single year. Results indicated the MSAC model provided a Landsat-based solution to capture the inter-annual leaf senescence of saltcedar. Compared to traditional NDVI-based phenological approaches, the proposed model achieved a more accurate classification results of saltcedar across years. The MSAC model provides unique opportunities to guide the selection of appropriate remotely sensed image for repetitive saltcedar mapping.

Aplicaciones Móviles: Mejorar la imagen corporativa de los aeropuertos y diferenciarlos ante la competencia

OpenAIRE

Florido-Benítez, Lázaro

2017-01-01

La imagen que proyectan los aeropuertos a través de sus apps afectan directa e indirectamente en la satisfacción del pasajero. Hoy día los aeropuertos compiten entre si para captar un mayor números de aerolíneas y pasajeros, con el objetivo de incrementar sus ingresos comerciales. Las aplicaciones aeroportuarias como herramienta de marketing están ofreciendo un abanico de oportunidades al binomio pasajero y aeropuerto. Si los aeropuertos quieren mejorar la experiencia del pasajero y diferenci...

Landsat as a Political Entity: Meaningful Communication for a National Asset

Science.gov (United States)

Rocchio, L. E.

2010-12-01

Understanding the health of our planet on a global scale is essential to the world’s populace. Earth-observing satellites have long been collecting data that enable a robust comprehension of Earth’s complex and interconnected systems. Despite these important contributions, the fleet of U.S. Earth-observing satellites is aging and operational status for most onboard sensors has not materialized. These satellites are imperative objective viewers of our changing planet as we try to monitor and deal with natural disasters, carbon budgeting, water consumption, and food production. But the satellite building and launching process needed to sustain an operational observatory is extremely political. Landsat, the oldest civilian land-observing satellite, has a long and checkered political past, and it is only because of a handful of political champions that the program has endured. This begs the question: are policymakers aware of the contributions of satellites to our national wellbeing? And if not, can the science community better communicate with the general public at large and policy makers in particular? Here Landsat is examined as a political entity and the six pillars of effective science communication (context, trust, dialogue, clarity, respect, nuance) are used to develop, refine, and analyze a fact sheet and case study that explain the importance of Landsat Earth-observation to our society.

An Improved Single-Channel Method to Retrieve Land Surface Temperature from the Landsat-8 Thermal Band

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Jordi Cristóbal

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Land surface temperature (LST is one of the sources of input data for modeling land surface processes. The Landsat satellite series is the only operational mission with more than 30 years of archived thermal infrared imagery from which we can retrieve LST. Unfortunately, stray light artifacts were observed in Landsat-8 TIRS data, mostly affecting Band 11, currently making the split-window technique impractical for retrieving surface temperature without requiring atmospheric data. In this study, a single-channel methodology to retrieve surface temperature from Landsat TM and ETM+ was improved to retrieve LST from Landsat-8 TIRS Band 10 using near-surface air temperature (Ta and integrated atmospheric column water vapor (w as input data. This improved methodology was parameterized and successfully evaluated with simulated data from a global and robust radiosonde database and validated with in situ data from four flux tower sites under different types of vegetation and snow cover in 44 Landsat-8 scenes. Evaluation results using simulated data showed that the inclusion of Ta together with w within a single-channel scheme improves LST retrieval, yielding lower errors and less bias than models based only on w. The new proposed LST retrieval model, developed with both w and Ta, yielded overall errors on the order of 1 K and a bias of −0.5 K validated against in situ data, providing a better performance than other models parameterized using w and Ta or only w models that yielded higher error and bias.

Uso do produto MOD13Q1 do sensor Modis para análise temporal e mapeamento das florestas nas Serras do Sudeste e Campanha Meridional do Rio Grande do Sul

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Ana Caroline Paim Benedetti

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Imagens NDVI (Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada do sensor Modis foram utilizadas para mapear as classes de uso e cobertura da terra nas Serras do Sudeste e Campanha Meridional do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia compreendeu a elaboração de um banco de dados espaciais e a aplicação de técnicas de processamento digital (contraste linear, classificação digital e operações aritméticas sobre imagens dos satélites Landsat e Terra de diversas datas. Os resultados indicaram que a cobertura florestal passou de 8,6% para 11,6% e 14,3% da área total da microrregião Serras do Sudeste, entre os anos 2000, 2004 e 2008. Na Campanha Meridional, a expansão da cobertura florestal passou de 11,1% para 11,2% e 11,5% da área total no mesmo período. Conclui-se que imagens MOD13Q1, de baixa resolução espacial (250 m, podem ser usadas em grandes áreas para mapear florestas e os demais temas adequadamente.

Estimating the chlorophyll content in the waters of Guanabara Bay from the LANDSAT multispectral scanning digital data

Science.gov (United States)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Bentancurt, J. J. V.; Herz, B. R.; Molion, L. B.

1980-01-01

Detection of water quality in Guanabara Bay using multispectral scanning digital data taken from LANDSAT satellites was examined. To test these processes, an empirical (statistical) approach was choosen to observe the degree of relationship between LANDSAT data and the in situ data taken simultaneously. The linear and nonlinear regression analyses were taken from among those developed by INPE in 1978. Results indicate that the major regression was in the number six MSS band, atmospheric effects, which indicated a correction coefficient of 0.99 and an average error of 6.59 micrograms liter. This error was similar to that obtained in the laboratory. The chlorophyll content was between 0 and 100 micrograms/liter, as taken from the MSS of LANDSAT.

Green leaf phenology at Landsat resolution: scaling from the plot to satellite

Science.gov (United States)

Fisher, J. I.; Mustard, J. F.; Vadeboncour, M.

2005-12-01

Despite the large number of in situ, plot-level phenological measurements and satellite-derived phenological studies, there has been little success to date in merging these records temporally or spatially. In particular, while most phenological patterns and trends derived from satellites appear realistic and coherent, they may not reflect spatial and temporal patterns at the plot level. An obvious explanation is the drastic scale difference from plot-level to most satellite observations. In this research, we bridge this scale gap through higher resolution satellite records (Landsat) and quantify the accuracy of satellite-derived metrics with direct field measurements. We compiled fifty-seven Landsat scenes from southern New England (P12 R51) from 1984 to 2002. Green vegetation areal abundance for each scene was derived from spectral mixture analysis and a single set of endmembers. The leaf area signal was fit with a logistic-growth simulating sigmoid curve to derive phenological markers (half-maximum leaf-onset and offset). Spring leaf-onset dates in homogenous stands of deciduous forests displayed significant and persistent local variability. The local variability was validated with multiple springtime ground observations (r2 = 0.91). The highest degree of verified small-scale variation occurred where contiguous forests displayed leaf-onset gradients of 10-14 days over short distances (example, our results indicate that deciduous forests in the Providence, RI metropolitan area leaf out 5-7 days earlier than comparable rural areas. In preliminary work, we validated the Landsat-derived metrics with similar analyses of MODIS and AVHRR, and demonstrate that aggregating diverse local phenologies into coarse grids may convolute interpretations. Despite these complications, the platform-independent curve-fit methodology may be extended across platforms and field data. The methodologically consistent approach, in tandem with Landsat data, allows us to effectively scale

Uso de Diferentes Sensores de Satélite na Discriminação de Alvos Naturais

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Gustavo Ferreira de Souza

2016-01-01

Full Text Available As particularidades nos instrumentos de sensoriamento remoto, mesmo quando possuem características semelhantes, torna as imagens geradas por estes, diferentes entre si. Visando isto, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a aplicabilidade e os limites de detecção na identificação de alvos naturais em diferentes imagens de satélites. A área de estudo está localizada no Estado de São Paulo dentro do Município de Onda Verde, os alvos naturais foram selecionados a partir de análises realizadas nas imagens e visita desses pontos em campo. Foram escolhidas áreas que apresentaram bom contraste com o entorno e fácil localização nas imagens de satélite. Para o processamento digital de imagem foi utilizado o software livre gvSIG. Neste estudo foram empregados dados de satélites de média resolução espacial como Landsat-5, CBERS-2B e IRS-P6, disponíveis na base de dados de domínio público do INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais e imagens de alta resolução espacial dos satélites RapidEye e WorldView-2. Nos sensores de média resolução espacial, as menores resoluções espaciais dos sensores TM e LISS-3, não impediram a visualização dos alvos espectrais analisados, visto que, no CCD que possui uma maior resolução espacial, não foi possível a identificação dos alvos escolhidos. As imagens de alta resolução espacial RapidEye e WorldView apresentaram grande riqueza de detalhamento para a cobertura do solo, a isto atrela-se a alta resolução radiométrica desses satélites.

Avaliação de quatro métodos de visualização de imagens digitais em odontologia =Evaluation of four methods of digital image display in dentistry

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Mazziero, Ênio Tonani

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Baseado nos grandes benefícios que a utilização das imagens digitais pode proporcionar a Odontologia, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a qualidade de quatro métodos de visualização de imagens em Odontologia. Foram selecionados quatro slides 35 mm de pacientes da Faculdade de Odontologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Os diapositivos foram digitalizados por quatro recursos e, posteriormente, as imagens foram processadas para serem visualizadas por quatro métodos: (1 revelação digital em papel fotográfico; (2 impressão em papel fotográfico com impressora jato de tinta amadora; (3 tela de computador e (4 projetor de multimídia. Posteriormente, essas imagens foram submetidas à avaliação de quinze indivíduos, sorteados aleatoriamente, divididos em cinco grupos. Para cada imagem avaliada, os examinadores julgavam se estas eram aceitáveis ou não do ponto de vista clínico e científico e analisavam quatro variáveis: (a brilho e contraste; (b definição e nitidez; (c fidelidade e reprodução de cores e (d nota geral, aferindo uma nota de zero a cinco para cada quesito. Encontrou-se um alto grau de aceitabilidade de 82,9% das imagens sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre elas. Foi identificado que o grupo de imagens impressas em impressora amadora em todos os quesitos posicionou-se no grupo com valores inferiores, enquanto o grupo de imagens visualizadas na tela de computador apresentou resultados superiores na maioria dos quesitos (p Since the use of digital images in Dentistry discloses a lot of advantages, this paper intended to evaluate four methods of image visualization in Dentistry. Four 35 mm slides with different quality were selected from the archive of the Minas Gerais Pontifical Catholic University Dental School. The slides were digitally converted by four methods and all images were prepared to be displayed by four methods: (1 digital print done in professional lab; (2 printed

Application of two regression-based methods to estimate the effects harvest on forest structure using Landsat data

Science.gov (United States)

Sean P. Healey; Zhiqiang Yang; Warren B. Cohen; D. John Pierce

2006-01-01

Although partial harvests are common in many forest types globally, there has been little assessment of the potential to map the intensity of these harvests using Landsat data. We modeled basal area removal and percent cover change in a study area in central Washington (northwestern USA) using biennial Landsat imagery and reference data from historical aerial photos...

La imagen alfonsina del Palacio Real de Madrid

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José Luis Sancho

1990-01-01

Full Text Available A finales del siglo XIX el Palacio Real de Madrid sufrió una reforma que supuso un cambio importante en el aspecto interior de esta residencia real. En 1879 y con el segundo matrimonio de Alfonso XII como causa inmediata, la decoración se puso al servicio de una escenografía monárquica bastante diferente a la isabelina. Los cambios no fueron en absoluto puntuales, sino que respondieron a una campaña global y pensada de una vez, cuyas cabezas más destacadas fueron el arquitecto mayor de Palacio, José Segundo de Lema, y el conde de Valencia de Don Juan como asesor histórico-artístico, y que estaba en perfecto acuerdo con el momento político y el gusto de su momento. La restauración alfonsina, ya consolidada, exigía una imagen oficial de la monarquía en la cual el lujo inherente a la representación no podía quedar encerrado en perpetuar la pompa dieciochesca, según había señalado un publicista tan notable como Galdós.

Quem fará a nossa Perestroika? Imagens de Mikhail Gorbatchev no jornal O Globo

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Izabel Cristina Gomes da Costa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Quem fará a nossa Perestroika? Esta surpreendente pergunta foi feita por O Globo em 1988. Mais desconcertante ainda: a publicação utilizou-se das reformas na União Soviética (URSS de Mikhail Gorbatchev para defender uma visão de mundo e um projeto político para o Brasil. O presente artigo identifica as estratégias elaboradas pelo jornal na construção das imagens do dirigente soviético. Delineando quatro momentos, elas revelaram as mudanças no seu perfil durante a crise do socialismo real.

Una perspectiva desde la psicología de la salud de la imagen corporal

OpenAIRE

Raich, Rosa María

2011-01-01

En este trabajo se describen algunas definiciones y el concepto de imagen corporal y las preocupaciones exageradas acerca de sí mismo que pueden llegar a constituir el trastorno dismórfico. Se analizan las características clínicas de este trastorno, así como las quejas que sobre la apariencia son más frecuentes. Se estudia la relación de este trastorno con nivel de autoestima, identidad de  género, ansiedad interpersonal y depresión. Se hace un repaso a diferentes técnicas de evaluación y de ...

Use of landsat ETM+ SLC-off segment-based gap-filled imagery for crop type mapping

Science.gov (United States)

Maxwell, S.K.; Craig, M.E.

2008-01-01

Failure of the Scan Line Corrector (SLC) on the Landsat ETM+ sensor has had a major impact on many applications that rely on continuous medium resolution imagery to meet their objectives. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) program uses Landsat imagery as the primary source of data to produce crop-specific maps for 20 states in the USA. A new method has been developed to fill the image gaps resulting from the SLC failure to support the needs of Landsat users who require coincident spectral data, such as for crop type mapping and monitoring. We tested the new gap-filled method for a CDL crop type mapping project in eastern Nebraska. Scan line gaps were simulated on two Landsat 5 images (spring and late summer 2003) and then gap-filled using landscape boundary models, or segment models, that were derived from 1992 and 2002 Landsat images (used in the gap-fill process). Various date combinations of original and gap-filled images were used to derive crop maps using a supervised classification process. Overall kappa values were slightly higher for crop maps derived from SLC-off gap-filled images compared to crop maps derived from the original imagery (0.3–1.3% higher). Although the age of the segment model used to derive the SLC-off gap-filled product did not negatively impact the overall agreement, differences in individual cover type agreement did increase (−0.8%–1.6% using the 2002 segment model to −5.0–5.1% using the 1992 segment model). Classification agreement also decreased for most of the classes as the size of the segment used in the gap-fill process increased.

Combined Use of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Data for Agricultural Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Skakun, S.; Roger, J. C.; Vermote, E.; Franch, B.; Becker-Reshef, I.; Justice, C. O.; Masek, J. G.

2017-12-01

Timely and accurate information on crop yield and production is critical to many applications within agriculture monitoring. Thanks to its coverage and temporal resolution, coarse spatial resolution satellite imagery has always been a source of valuable information for yield forecasting and assessment at national and regional scales. With availability of free images acquired by Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 remote sensing satellites, it becomes possible to provide temporal resolution of 3-5 days, and therefore, to develop next generation agriculture products at higher spatial resolution (10-30 m). Here, we explore the combined use of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data for winter crop mapping and winter wheat yield assessment at regional scale. For the former, we adapt a previously developed approach for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument at 250 m resolution that allows automatic mapping of winter crops taking into account a priori knowledge on crop calendar. For the latter, we use a generalized winter wheat yield forecasting model that is based on estimation of the peak Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from MODIS image time-series, and further downscaled to be applicable at 30 m resolution. We show that integration of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data improves both winter crop mapping and winter wheat yield assessment.

Computer mapping of turbidity and circulation patterns in Saginaw Bay, Michigan from LANDSAT data

Science.gov (United States)

Rogers, R. H. (Principal Investigator); Reed, L. E.; Smith, V. E.

1975-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT was used as a basis for producing geometrically-corrected, color-coded imagery of turbidity and circulation patterns in Saginaw Bay, Michigan (Lake Huron). This imagery shows nine discrete categories of turbidity, as indicated by nine Secchi depths between 0.3 and 3.3 meters. The categorized imagery provided an economical basis for extrapolating water quality parameters from point samples to unsample areas. LANDSAT furnished a synoptic view of water mass boundaries that no amount of ground sampling or monitoring could provide.

Significado patológico de la imagen ultrasónica en pequeños animales

OpenAIRE

Moreno Boiso, Antonio; Hervás Rodríguez, José; Chacón, F.

2011-01-01

La ecografía es una técnica de diagnóstico por imagen segura, no invasiva y que no requiere una preparación excesiva del animal. Se utiliza para estudiar tejidos blandos, permitiendo la valoración del tamaño, forma, situación y estructura de los mismos. La ecografía o ultrasonografía se basa en los ultrasonidos generados en un dispositivo llamado transductor, compuesto por cristales piezoeléctricos. La Histopatología constituye un medio diagnóstico especializado, complementario de otras técni...

Caminha, Meirelles, e Mauro : narrativas do (re) descobrimento do Brasil; decifrando as imagens do paraiso

OpenAIRE

Carolina Cavalcanti Bezerra

2008-01-01

Resumo: Essa dissertação tem como propositura uma nova leitura sobre o descobrimento do Brasil através das imagens/representações do Paraíso na Terra. A permanência dessa imagem no imaginário coletivo foi a base para o desenvolvimento dessa dissertação, partindo dos seguintes documentos: a Carta de Caminha sobre o descobrimento do Brasil (1500), o quadro A Primeira Missa no Brasil de Meirelles (1860/1) e O Descobrimento do Brasil (1937), filme de Humberto Mauro. A presente incursão pelas narr...

Classificação de sombra em imagens orbitais e aéreas utilizando uma matriz de co-ocorrência modificada

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Jorge Antonio Silva Centeno

Full Text Available Embora seja considerada útil para a identificação de objetos mais elevados, a presença de sombras pode ser um elemento prejudicial na extração de informações quando esconde objetos de menor altura. Neste trabalho é descrito o desenvolvimento conceitual e exemplos de aplicação de um método para a segmentação de sombras em imagens de satélite e fotografias aéreas baseado na análise da matriz de co-ocorrência. A matriz de co-ocorrência traduz a relação entre o pixel e sua vizinhança, o que permite identificar áreas uniformes e escuras, que correspondem a sombras. Com esta premissa, foi proposto um método que analisa a diagonal principal da matriz de co-ocorrência e identifica nela os agrupamentos associados a sombras. Para delimitar as sombras, é usada uma função contextual derivada da melhor reta perpendicular à diagonal principal da matriz de co-ocorrência que separa áreas escuras e uniformes. Testes com imagens aéreas e de satélite são apresentados para ilustrar o método. O método proposto é do tipo adaptativo e pode ser usado tanto em imagens de 8 bits como também estendido à maiores resoluções radiométricas, além disso seu funcionamento não é afetado pela eventual contribuição atmosférica, que afeta principalmente as bandas do visível.

Landsat-based monitoring of crop water demand in the San Joaquin Valley

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, L.; Trout, T.; Wang, D.; Melton, F. S.

2010-12-01

Fresh water resources are becoming increasingly scarce in California due to urbanization, environmental regulation, and groundwater depletion. The strain is projected to worsen under various climate change scenarios and is exacerbated by declining water delivery infrastructure. It is estimated that irrigated agriculture currently commands more than 70% of the state’s water supply, and many growers are striving to improve water use efficiency in order to help maintain the state’s rich agricultural heritage. Remote sensing technology offers the potential to monitor cropland evapotranspiration (ET) regionally, while making farm-based irrigation scheduling more practical, convenient, and possibly more accurate. Landsat5-TM imagery was used in this study to monitor basal crop evapotranspiration (ETcb), which is primarily related to plant transpiration, for several San Joaquin Valley fields throughout the 2008 growing season. A ground-based digital camera was used to measure fractional cover of 48 study fields planted to 18 different crop types (row crops, grains, orchard, and vineyard) of varying maturity over 12 dates coinciding with Landsat overpasses. Landsat L1T terrain-corrected images were atmospherically corrected to surface reflectance by an implementation of the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS), then converted to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on a per-pixel basis. A strong linear relationship between NDVI and fractional cover was observed (r2=0.96), and a resulting conversion equation was used to transform all imagery to fractional cover. Conversion equations previously developed by use of weighting lysimeters were then used to transform fractional cover to basal crop coefficient (Kcb; ratio of crop transpiration plus a small diffusive soil evaporation component to reference ET). Finally, measurements of grass reference ET (ETo) from the California Irrigation Management Information System were used to

Interpretasi Vulkanostratigrafi Daerah Mamuju Berdasarkan Analisis Citra Landsat-8

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Frederikus Dian Indrastomo

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Mamuju and its surrounding area are constructed mainly by volcanic rocks. Volcanoclastic sedimentary rocks and limestones are laid above the volcanic rocks. Volcanic activities create some unique morphologies such as craters, lava domes, and pyroclastic flow paths as their volcanic products. These products are identified from their circular features characters on Landsat-8 imagery. After geometric and atmospheric corrections had been done, a visual interpretation on Landsat-8 imagery was conducted to identify structure, geomorphology, and geological condition of the area. Regional geological structures show trend to southeast – northwest direction which is affects the formation of Adang volcano. Geomorphology of the area are classified into 16 geomorphology units based on their genetic aspects, i.e Sumare fault block ridge, Mamuju cuesta ridge, Adang eruption crater, Labuhan Ranau eruption crater, Sumare eruption crater, Ampalas volcanic cone, Adang lava dome, Labuhan Ranau intrusion hill, Adang pyroclastic flow ridge, Sumare pyroclastic flow ridge, Adang volcanic remnant hills, Malunda volcanic remnant hills, Talaya volcanic remnant hills, Tapalang karst hills, Mamuju alluvium plains, and Karampuang reef terrace plains. Based on the Landsat-8 imagery interpretation result and field confirmation, the geology of Mamuju area is divided into volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks. There are two groups of volcanic rocks; Talaya complex and Mamuju complex. The Talaya complex consists of Mambi, Malunda, and Kalukku volcanic rocks with andesitic composition, while Mamuju complex consist of Botteng, Ahu, Tapalang, Adang, Ampalas, Sumare, danLabuhanRanau volcanic rocks with andesite to leucitic basalt composition. The volcanostratigraphy of Mamuju area was constructed based on its structure, geomorphology and lithology distribution analysis. Volcanostratigraphy of Mamuju area is classified into Khuluk Talaya and Khuluk Mamuju. The Khuluk Talaya consists

Spatiotemporal Variation in Mangrove Chlorophyll Concentration Using Landsat 8

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Julio Pastor-Guzman

2015-11-01

Full Text Available There is a need to develop indicators of mangrove condition using remotely sensed data. However, remote estimation of leaf and canopy biochemical properties and vegetation condition remains challenging. In this paper, we (i tested the performance of selected hyperspectral and broad band indices to predict chlorophyll concentration (CC on mangrove leaves and (ii showed the potential of Landsat 8 for estimation of mangrove CC at the landscape level. Relative leaf CC and leaf spectral response were measured at 12 Elementary Sampling Units (ESU distributed along the northwest coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Linear regression models and coefficients of determination were computed to measure the association between CC and spectral response. At leaf level, the narrow band indices with the largest correlation with CC were Vogelmann indices and the MTCI (R2 > 0.5. Indices with spectral bands around the red edge (705–753 nm were more sensitive to mangrove leaf CC. At the ESU level Landsat 8 NDVI green, which uses the green band in its formulation explained most of the variation in CC (R2 > 0.8. Accuracy assessment between estimated CC and observed CC using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV method yielded a root mean squared error (RMSE = 15 mg·cm−2, and R2 = 0.703. CC maps showing the spatiotemporal variation of CC at landscape scale were created using the linear model. Our results indicate that Landsat 8 NDVI green can be employed to estimate CC in large mangrove areas where ground networks cannot be applied, and mapping techniques based on satellite data, are necessary. Furthermore, using upcoming technologies that will include two bands around the red edge such as Sentinel 2 will improve mangrove monitoring at higher spatial and temporal resolutions.

Statistical rice yield modeling using blended MODIS-Landsat based crop phenology metrics in Taiwan

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, C. R.; Chen, C. F.; Nguyen, S. T.; Lau, K. V.

2015-12-01

Taiwan is a populated island with a majority of residents settled in the western plains where soils are suitable for rice cultivation. Rice is not only the most important commodity, but also plays a critical role for agricultural and food marketing. Information of rice production is thus important for policymakers to devise timely plans for ensuring sustainably socioeconomic development. Because rice fields in Taiwan are generally small and yet crop monitoring requires information of crop phenology associating with the spatiotemporal resolution of satellite data, this study used Landsat-MODIS fusion data for rice yield modeling in Taiwan. We processed the data for the first crop (Feb-Mar to Jun-Jul) and the second (Aug-Sep to Nov-Dec) in 2014 through five main steps: (1) data pre-processing to account for geometric and radiometric errors of Landsat data, (2) Landsat-MODIS data fusion using using the spatial-temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model, (3) construction of the smooth time-series enhanced vegetation index 2 (EVI2), (4) rice yield modeling using EVI2-based crop phenology metrics, and (5) error verification. The fusion results by a comparison bewteen EVI2 derived from the fusion image and that from the reference Landsat image indicated close agreement between the two datasets (R2 > 0.8). We analysed smooth EVI2 curves to extract phenology metrics or phenological variables for establishment of rice yield models. The results indicated that the established yield models significantly explained more than 70% variability in the data (p-value 0.8), in both cases. The root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) used to measure the model accuracy revealed the consistency between the estimated yields and the government's yield statistics. This study demonstrates advantages of using EVI2-based phenology metrics (derived from Landsat-MODIS fusion data) for rice yield estimation in Taiwan prior to the harvest period.

O sistema respiratório nos livros didáticos de ciências das séries iniciais: uma análise do conteúdo, das imagens e atividades

OpenAIRE

Raquel Ruppenthal; Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger

2013-01-01

Este trabalho busca, na análise de livros didáticos dos anos iniciais, as possíveis causas das lacunas explicativas que alunos dos anos finais apresentam sobre o sistema respiratório. Para isto, realizou-se a análise relativa a: espaço, conceitos, imagens, atividades práticas e exercícios propostos nas unidades referentes ao sistema respiratório de livros de ciências dos anos iniciais. Os resultados dessa análise apontam a existência de falhas explicativas em textos e imagens e a grande quant...

Estimation of Airborne Lidar-Derived Tropical Forest Canopy Height Using Landsat Time Series in Cambodia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tetsuji Ota

2014-11-01

Full Text Available In this study, we test and demonstrate the utility of disturbance and recovery information derived from annual Landsat time series to predict current forest vertical structure (as compared to the more common approaches, that consider a sample of airborne Lidar and single-date Landsat derived variables. Mean Canopy Height (MCH was estimated separately using single date, time series, and the combination of single date and time series variables in multiple regression and random forest (RF models. The combination of single date and time series variables, which integrate disturbance history over the entire time series, overall provided better MCH prediction than using either of the two sets of variables separately. In general, the RF models resulted in improved performance in all estimates over those using multiple regression. The lowest validation error was obtained using Landsat time series variables in a RF model (R2 = 0.75 and RMSE = 2.81 m. Combining single date and time series data was more effective when the RF model was used (opposed to multiple regression. The RMSE for RF mean canopy height prediction was reduced by 13.5% when combining the two sets of variables as compared to the 3.6% RMSE decline presented by multiple regression. This study demonstrates the value of airborne Lidar and long term Landsat observations to generate estimates of forest canopy height using the random forest algorithm.

Implementation on Landsat Data of a Simple Cloud Mask Algorithm Developed for MODIS Land Bands

Science.gov (United States)

Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Wilson, Michael J.; Varnai, Tamas

2010-01-01

This letter assesses the performance on Landsat-7 images of a modified version of a cloud masking algorithm originally developed for clear-sky compositing of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images at northern mid-latitudes. While data from recent Landsat missions include measurements at thermal wavelengths, and such measurements are also planned for the next mission, thermal tests are not included in the suggested algorithm in its present form to maintain greater versatility and ease of use. To evaluate the masking algorithm we take advantage of the availability of manual (visual) cloud masks developed at USGS for the collection of Landsat scenes used here. As part of our evaluation we also include the Automated Cloud Cover Assesment (ACCA) algorithm that includes thermal tests and is used operationally by the Landsat-7 mission to provide scene cloud fractions, but no cloud masks. We show that the suggested algorithm can perform about as well as ACCA both in terms of scene cloud fraction and pixel-level cloud identification. Specifically, we find that the algorithm gives an error of 1.3% for the scene cloud fraction of 156 scenes, and a root mean square error of 7.2%, while it agrees with the manual mask for 93% of the pixels, figures very similar to those from ACCA (1.2%, 7.1%, 93.7%).

Topographic Correction of Landsat TM-5 and Landsat OLI-8 Imagery to Improve the Performance of Forest Classification in the Mountainous Terrain of Northeast Thailand

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Uday Pimple

2017-02-01

Full Text Available The accurate mapping and monitoring of forests is essential for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Advancements in the Landsat satellite series have been very useful for various forest mapping applications. However, the topographic shadows of irregular mountains are major obstacles to accurate forest classification. In this paper, we test five topographic correction methods: improved cosine correction, Minnaert, C-correction, Statistical Empirical Correction (SEC and Variable Empirical Coefficient Algorithm (VECA, with multisource digital elevation models (DEM to reduce the topographic relief effect in mountainous terrain produced by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM-5 and Operational Land Imager (OLI-8 sensors. The effectiveness of the topographic correction methods are assessed by visual interpretation and the reduction in standard deviation (SD, by means of the coefficient of variation (CV. Results show that the SEC performs best with the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30 m × 30 m DEM. The random forest (RF classifier is used for forest classification, and the overall accuracy of forest classification is evaluated to compare the performances of the topographic corrections. Our results show that the C-correction, SEC and VECA corrected imagery were able to improve the forest classification accuracy of Landsat TM-5 from 78.41% to 81.50%, 82.38%, and 81.50%, respectively, and OLI-8 from 81.06% to 81.50%, 82.38%, and 81.94%, respectively. The highest accuracy of forest type classification is obtained with the newly available high-resolution SRTM DEM and SEC method.

CARTOGRAFÍA DE LA VEGETACIÓN DE LA ISLA DE BIOKO (GUINEA ECUATORIAL MEDIANTE EL USO DE IMÁGENES LANDSAT 7 ETM+: PARTICULARIZACIÓN DEL PISO AFROMONTANO

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Rafael M. Navarro Cerrillo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La gestión forestal sostenible requiere de una información cartográfica adecuada. En este trabajo se elaboró una cartografía actual de la vegetación de la isla de Bioko (Guinea Ecuatorial basada en la clasificación supervisada de una imagen Landsat 7 ETM+, y una cartografía de la vegetación del piso afromontano, que incluye datos de la distribución, la superficie y los tipos forestales con presencia de Prunus africana. Se proponen seis nuevos tipos de vegetación de transición entre los bosques Guineo- Congolesa y los bosques afromontanos, y distintas formaciones afromontanas secundarias. El mapa de vegetación de Bioko tuvo un coeficiente Kappa de 0,69. Los principales errores se asociaron a las clases correspondientes a bosque secundarios de tierras bajas y a las zonas de transición entre los bosques congoleses y afromontanos. La fiabilidad del análisis mejoró en una segunda clasificación restringida a la vegetación afromontana de la isla (> 1400 m s.m., obteniéndose un coeficiente Kappa de 0,81. En este trabajo se muestra la utilidad de la teledetección para la elaboración de cartografía en zonas tropicales de escasa accesibilidad, dado que se obtuvieron resultados con una fiabilidad adecuada para la gestión forestal.

Progress Towards a 2012 Landsat Launch

Science.gov (United States)

Irons, Jim; Sabelhaus, Phil; Masek, Jeff; Cook, Bruce; Dabney, Phil; Loveland, Tom

2012-01-01

The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is on schedule for a December 2012 launch date. The mission is being managed by an interagency partnership between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). NASA leads the development and launch of the satellite observatory while leads ground system development. USGS will assume responsibility for operating the satellite and for collecting, archiving, and distributing the LDCM data following launch. When launched the satellite will carry two sensors into orbit. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) will collect data for nine shortwave spectral bands with a spatial resolution of 30 m (with a 15 m panchromatic band). The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) will coincidently collect data for two thermal infrared bands with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The OLI is fully assembled and tested and has been shipped by it?s manufacturer, Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation, to the Orbital Sciences Corporation (Orbital) facility where it is being integrated onto the LDCM spacecraft. Pre-launch testing indicates that OLI will meet all performance specification with margin. TIRS is in development at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and is in final testing before shipping to the Orbital facility in January, 2012. The ground data processing system is in development at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. The presentation will describe the LDCM satellite system, provide the status of system development, and present prelaunch performance data for OLI and TIRS. The USGS has committed to renaming the satellite as Landsat 8 following launch.

Los componentes de la imagen de la nación como base para formulación de la identidad competitiva: el caso del Perú

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Gina Pipoli de Azambuja

2009-06-01

Full Text Available En el mundo globalizado en el que vivimos, hoy, los países pugnan por diferenciarse unos a otros como mecanismo para poder atraer más turistas, incrementar el volumen de sus exportaciones y captar más inversiones, de manera que puedan tener mayores fuentes de ingresos. Para ello, buscan lograr una diferenciación en el mercado, a partir de los elementos que constituyen su identidad nacional, la cual influirá en la percepción de la imagen de la nación del consumidor y será la base para generar su identidad competitiva, que constituirá la piedra angular sobre la que se diseñará la estrategia de marketing internacional de los países para salir a competir en el mercado internacional.Es así que la identidad competitiva se ha convertido en una pieza clave para promover la competitividad nacional, al sintetizar la imagen de la nación mostrada al mercado para cumplir sus objetivos. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los elementos de la imagen nación Perú, a partir de la identidad nacional percibida por los consumidores, tanto nacionales como extranjeros, para que sobre esa base se diseñe una estrategia de identidad competitiva para el Perú.

Tratamiento curricular de la imagen corporal, autoestima y autoconcepto en España

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Antonio V. Rodríguez

2015-03-01

Full Text Available La adolescencia es un periodo del desarrollo del ser humano en el que proliferan problemas con la percepción de la imagen corporal, la autoestima y el autoconcepto, mientras el niño se encuentra cursando estudios de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Este estudio analiza el tratamiento curricular que se dedica a la imagen corporal, la autoestima y el autoconcepto en los diferentes elementos legislativos en el ámbito educativo de la Comunidad Valenciana (España, mediante una metodología cualitativa, a través de la técnica del análisis documental no interactiva. Los resultados del análisis de los documentos, correspondientes a la ordenación académica de la etapa en esta comunidad autónoma, mostraron una presencia de estos contenidos tanto en los planteamientos del ámbito nacional concerniente a la LOE (2006 y el Real Decreto 1631/2006, como en los regionales materializados en el Decreto 112/2007. Aparecen específicamente en algunos elementos del currículo de materias como Educación Física, Educación para la Ciudadanía, Matemáticas, Biología y Geología, Ciencias de la Naturaleza y Música, a pesar de que no en todas ellas adquieren el mismo protagonismo, destacando en este sentido la Educación Física como materia que más se centra tanto en el trabajo como en el desarrollo de estos aspectos. Dentro de ella se muestra un desequilibrio en cuanto al protagonismo alcanzado en lo que se pretende que aprendan (objetivos y en su ínfima plasmación en las herramientas para alcanzarlo (contenidos, así como en el cómo evaluarlo (criterios de evaluación.

¿Puede ocultarse información en una imagen de computador?

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Jorge Eduardo Ortiz Triviño

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Con la actual tecnología computacional es posible implementar técnicas de procesamiento de señales que permitan ocultar información dentro de archivos existentes. De esta manera es posible, por ejemplo, emplear un archivo gráfico para guardar un texto dentro de él sin que la imagen contenida en éste se dañe o se deteriore y con la ventaja de que el texto oculto puede recuperarse. Este tipo de procedimientos es útil en seguridad de redes y permitirá realizar transacciones seguras en la red Internet, entre otras aplicaciones. En este artículo se propone una técnica y se explica el programa prototipo que logra realizar esta tarea (programa implementado por estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería de Sistemas.

Application of Landsat Thematic Mapper data for coastal thermal plume analysis at Diablo Canyon

Science.gov (United States)

Gibbons, D. E.; Wukelic, G. E.; Leighton, J. P.; Doyle, M. J.

1989-01-01

The possibility of using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) thermal data to derive absolute temperature distributions in coastal waters that receive cooling effluent from a power plant is demonstrated. Landsat TM band 6 (thermal) data acquired on June 18, 1986, for the Diablo Canyon power plant in California were compared to ground truth temperatures measured at the same time. Higher-resolution band 5 (reflectance) data were used to locate power plant discharge and intake positions and identify locations of thermal pixels containing only water, no land. Local radiosonde measurements, used in LOWTRAN 6 adjustments for atmospheric effects, produced corrected ocean surface radiances that, when converted to temperatures, gave values within approximately 0.6 C of ground truth. A contour plot was produced that compared power plant plume temperatures with those of the ocean and coastal environment. It is concluded that Landsat can provide good estimates of absolute temperatures of the coastal power plant thermal plume. Moreover, quantitative information on ambient ocean surface temperature conditions (e.g., upwelling) may enhance interpretation of numerical model prediction.

Improved land use classification from Landsat and Seasat satellite imagery registered to a common map base

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, J.

1981-01-01

In the case of Landsat Multispectral Scanner System (MSS) data, ambiguities in spectral signature can arise in urban areas. A study was initiated in the belief that Seasat digital SAR could help provide the spectral separability needed for a more accurate urban land use classification. A description is presented of the results of land use classifications performed on Landsat and preprocessed Seasat imagery that were registered to a common map base. The process of registering imagery and training site boundary coordinates to a common map has been reported by Clark (1980). It is found that preprocessed Seasat imagery provides signatures for urban land uses which are spectrally separable from Landsat signatures. This development appears to significantly improve land use classifications in an urban setting for class 12 (Commercial and Services), class 13 (Industrial), and class 14 (Transportation, Communications, and Utilities).

La imagen de las instituciones de educación superior: desarrollo de un modelo de medición y estimación aplicada a universitarios en España y Portugal

OpenAIRE

Alcaide-Pulido, Purificación

2017-01-01

El marketing de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) es un campo de la investigación multidisciplinar de gran interés en la literatura. Es fundamental que las IES desarrollen diversas estrategias de marketing y de gestión, sobre todo en relación a la gestión de la imagen, ya que esta le proporcionará competitividad en el mercado y capacidad decisora a sus gestores. Específicamente, el ámbito relacionado con la imagen de estas instituciones sigue suscitando un renovado ...

BOREAS RSS-15 SIR-C and Landsat TM Biomass and Landcover Maps of the NSA

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Forrest G. (Editor); Nickeson, Jaime (Editor); Ranson, K. Jon

2000-01-01

As part of BOREAS, the RSS-15 team conducted an investigation using SIR-C, X-SAR, and Landsat TM data for estimating total above-ground dry biomass for the SSA and NSA modeling grids and component biomass for the SSA. Relationships of backscatter to total biomass and total biomass to foliage, branch, and bole biomass were used to estimate biomass density across the landscape. The procedure involved image classification with SAR and Landsat TM data and development of simple mapping techniques using combinations of SAR channels. For the SSA, the SIR-C data used were acquired on 06-Oct-1994, and the Landsat TM data used were acquired on 02-Sep-1995. The maps of the NSA were developed from SIR-C data acquired on 13-Apr-1994. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

Seasonally-managed wetland footprint delineation using Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quinn, Nigel W. T. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Epshtein, Olga [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment

2014-01-09

One major challenge in water resource management is the estimation of evapotranspiration losses from seasonally managed wetlands. Quantifying these losses is complicated by the dynamic nature of the wetlands' areal footprint during the periods of flood-up and drawdown. In this paper, we present a data-lean solution to this problem using an example application in the San Joaquin Basin, California. Through analysis of high-resolution Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) satellite imagery, we develop a metric to better capture the extent of total flooded wetland area. The procedure is validated using year-long, continuously-logged field datasets for two wetlands within the study area. The proposed classification which uses a Landsat ETM + Band 5 (mid-IR wavelength) to Band 2 (visible green wavelength) ratio improves estimates by 30–50% relative to previous wetland delineation studies. Finally, requiring modest ancillary data, the study results provide a practical and efficient option for wetland management in data-sparse regions or un-gauged watersheds.

Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)_Thermal Infared Sensor (TIRS) V1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Abstract:The Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) are instruments onboard the Landsat 8 satellite, which was launched in February of...

Evaluation of solar angle variation over digital processing of LANDSAT imagery. [Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Parada, N. D. J. (Principal Investigator); Novo, E. M. L. M.

1984-01-01

The effects of the seasonal variation of illumination over digital processing of LANDSAT images are evaluated. Original images are transformed by means of digital filtering to enhance their spatial features. The resulting images are used to obtain an unsupervised classification of relief units. After defining relief classes, which are supposed to be spectrally different, topographic variables (declivity, altitude, relief range and slope length) are used to identify the true relief units existing on the ground. The samples are also clustered by means of an unsupervised classification option. The results obtained for each LANDSAT overpass are compared. Digital processing is highly affected by illumination geometry. There is no correspondence between relief units as defined by spectral features and those resulting from topographic features.

Quantifying BRDF Effects in Comparing Landsat-7 and AVIRIS Near-Simultaneous Acquisitions for Studies of High Plains Vegetation Cover

Science.gov (United States)

Goetz, A. F. H.; Heidebrecht, K. B.; Gutmann, E. D.; Warner, A. S.; Johnson, E. L.; Lestak, L. R.

1999-01-01

Approximately 100,000 sq. km of the High Plains of the central United States are covered by sand dunes and sand sheets deposited during the Holocene. Soil-dating evidence shows that there were at least four periods of dune reactivation during major droughts in the last 10,000 years. The dunes in this region are anchored by vegetation. We have undertaken a study of land-use change in the High Plains from 1985 to the present using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ images to map variation in vegetation cover during wet and dry years. Mapping vegetation cover of less than 20% is important in modeling potential surface reactivation since at this level the vegetation no longer sufficiently shields sandy surfaces from movement by wind. Landsat TM data have both the spatial resolution and temporal coverage to facilitate vegetation cover analysis for model development and verification. However, there is still the question of how accurate TM data are for the measurement of both growing and senescent vegetation in and and semi-arid regions. AVIRIS provides both high spectral resolution as well as high signal-to-noise ratio and can be used to test the accuracy of Landsat TM and ETM+ data. We have analyzed data from AVIRIS flown nearly concurrently with a Landsat 7 overpass. The comparison between an AVIRIS image swath of 11 km width subtending a 30 deg. angle and the same area covered by a 0.8 deg. angle from Landsat required accounting for the BRDF. A normalization technique using the ratio of the reflectances from registered AVIRIS and Landsat data proved superior to the techniques of column averaging on AVIRIS data alone published previously by Kennedy et al. This technique can be applied to aircraft data covering a wider swath angle than AVIRIS to develop BRDF responses for a wide variety of surfaces more efficiently than from ground measurements.

A estatuária funerária no Brasil: um olhar indagador sobre as imagens de Jesus Cristo nos cemitérios brasileiros

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Maria Elizia Borges

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo se presta a analisar representações artísticas de Jesus Cristo encontradas em um conjunto de cemitérios de cidades brasileiras de pequeno e médio porte, discutindo seu papel como uma iconografia devocional. Cemitérios são espaços de grande elaboração artística, simbólica e religiosa, capazes de expressar muito acerca das sociedades que os produziram. Nossa análise compreende considerações acerca da configuração dos cemitérios secularizados no Brasil, assim como uma discussão sobre as possibilidades temáticas das imagens crísticas no horizonte artístico. A partir dessas considerações, estudamos imagens devocionais de Jesus Cristo nos cemitérios pesquisados, ponderando como estas abordam modelos tradicionais de representação crística.

Validación de dos algoritmos para la localización 3D del instrumental laparoscópico a partir de la imagen de vídeo endoscópico

OpenAIRE

Oropesa García, Ignacio; Sánchez González, Patricia; Morales Martín, Iñigo; Moyano Cuevas, J.L.; Sánchez Margallo, Francisco Miguel; Gómez Aguilera, Enrique J.

2012-01-01

Uno de los aspectos fundamentales en un sistema de cirugía guiada por imagen (CGI) es la localización del instrumental quirúrgico con respecto a la anatomía del paciente. Los sistemas basados en sensores ofrecen buenos niveles de precisión, pero son sensibles a distintas fuentes de ruido en el quirófano y contribuyen a la sobrecarga tecnológica del mismo. Una alternativa novedosa es analizar la imagen del vídeo endoscópico para llevar a cabo la detección y localización espacial del instrument...

Uma contribuição para a discussão sobre as imagens psíquicas no contexto da Psicologia Analítica

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Paulo Afrânio Sant'Anna

2005-09-01

Full Text Available A discussão sobre a natureza das imagens psíquicas ocorre desde os primórdios da Psicologia. Nas últimas décadas, o tema vem ganhando destaque em todas as abordagens, notadamente em modalidades clínicas que se apóiam predominantemente no discurso imagético. Para a Psicologia Analítica, a questão da imagem tem sido tema de diversas discussões, destacando-se três direcionamentos teórico-práticos - clássico, desenvolvimentista e arquetípico -, que vão determinar diferentes perspectivas sobre a questão. Observa-se uma tendência em abordar a imagem a partir de sua própria fenomenologia, em detrimento de sua interpretação e, apesar da importância das imagens para o contexto clínico, o tema está praticamente ausente dos programas de graduação em Psicologia e da própria estruturação das teorias psicológicas. Nesse sentido, algumas propostas são discutidas a título de possibilidades de aprendizado e de teorização no campo da imagem. Como a relação dialética entre teoria e prática é necessária para que a teoria permaneça atualizada e vitalmente ligada à realidade sociocultural contemporânea, por meio de dados obtidos em entrevistas com psicoterapeutas brasileiros, buscou-se identificar contribuições para a discussão sobre as imagens no contexto clínico.

Identificação de embarcações em imagens aerotransportadas de radar de abertura sintética (R-99 SAR na área marítima do Brasil

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Sérgio Roberto Horst Gamba

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar embarcações em imagens de radar obtidas pela aeronave R-99 da Força Aérea Brasileira. Dados de amplitude, obtidas na banda L e nas polarizações HH, HV, VH e VV da região de Porto de Tubarão, ES, foram processados por meio de diferentes tipos de realces, filtros, classificadores e transformadores espectrais. As imagens com maior potencial para identificar embarcações foram ainda analisadas para diferenciar embarcações militares de mercantes, considerando-se os cinco elementos de interpretação (forma, tamanho, sombra, tonalidade e fatores associados, isto é, o contexto em que as embarcações se encontram nas imagens e as cinco fases de interpretação de imagens (detecção, reconhecimento, análise, dedução e classificação. A combinação de processamentos mais favoráveis foi o realce com contraste 50-200, seguido de filtro abertura ou erosão e classificador SVM (Support Vector Machine ou transformação SCI (Synthetic Color Image. Foi possível discriminar embarcações nas fases de detecção e reconhecimento, enquanto a diferenciação entre embarcações mercantes e militares foi obtida nas fases de análise e dedução. No nível de classificação, não foi possível definir o tipo de embarcação militar (e.g., fragata ou contratorpedeiro ou o tipo de embarcação mercante (e.g., petroleiro ou graneleiro.

Gap-Filling of Landsat 7 Imagery Using the Direct Sampling Method

KAUST Repository

Yin, Gaohong; Mariethoz, Gregoire; McCabe, Matthew

2016-01-01

The failure of the Scan Line Corrector (SLC) on Landsat 7 imposed systematic data gaps on retrieved imagery and removed the capacity to provide spatially continuous fields. While a number of methods have been developed to fill these gaps, most

Mapping disturbance dynamics in wet sclerophyll forests using time series Landsat

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Haywood, A.; Verbesselt, J.; Baker, P.J.

2016-01-01

In this study, we characterised the temporal-spectral patterns associated with identifying acute-severity disturbances and low-severity disturbances between 1985 and 2011 with the objective to test whether different disturbance agents within these categories can be identified with annual Landsat

Cuerpos marcados: la imagen como documento, testimonio y crítica social

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Leticia Rigat

2015-01-01

Full Text Available [es] El presente trabajo busca reflexionar sobre los procesos de significación de un determinado uso de la fotografía documental, sobre cómo la imagen fotográfica se emplea no sólo para construir documentación sino también como imagen testimonial y de crítica social a partir de la estetización de la representación y una particular forma de mostración del cuerpo. A partir de lo anterior, nos proponemos indagar de qué manera algunos reportajes fotográficos pueden considerarse desde un punto de vista referencial y funcional como testimonios que manifiestan la existencia de un otro en situaciones veladas de miseria, descontento y deterioro físico y/o psíquico. Se trata de producciones que más que representar los sucesos del mundo, manifiestan su existencia. No se trataría del registro del acontecimiento (relacionado al archivo, a lo noticioso, al documento y a la memoria sino de la producción de imágenes que hacen aparecer -dan a ver- situaciones veladas en formas de testimonios fotográficos. [en] This paper seeks to reflect on the processes of meaning of a particular use of documentary photography, how the photographic image is used not only to build documentation but also as witness image and social criticism from the aestheticization of representation and particular form of demonstration of the body. Taking this into consideration, we intend to research how some photographic reports can be considered from a referential and functional point of view as evidence that shows the existence of the other in situations of misery, unhappiness and physical and /or psychological deterioration. Instead of representing world events, these productions express their existence. It is not about the register of the event (related to the file, news, to document and memory but the production of images that make undercovered situations appear, in the shape of photographic testimony.

Post Landsat-D advanced concept evaluation /PLACE/

Science.gov (United States)

Alexander, L. D.; Alvarado, U. R.; Flatow, F. S.

1979-01-01

The aim of the Post Landsat-D Advanced Concept Evaluation (PLACE) program was to identify the key technology requirements of earth resources satellite systems for the 1985-2000 period. The program involved four efforts: (1) examination of future needs in the earth resources area, (2) creation of a space systems technology model capable of satisfying these needs, (3) identification of key technology requirements posed by this model, and (4) development of a methodology (PRISM) to assist in the priority structuring of the resulting technologies.

Near Real-Time Browsable Landsat-8 Imagery

OpenAIRE

Cheng-Chien Liu; Ryosuke Nakamura; Ming-Hsun Ko; Tomoya Matsuo; Soushi Kato; Hsiao-Yuan Yin; Chung-Shiou Huang

2017-01-01

The successful launch and operation of Landsat-8 extends the remarkable 40-year acquisition of space-based land remote-sensing data. To respond quickly to emergency needs, real-time data are directly downlinked to 17 ground stations across the world on a routine basis. With a size of approximately 1 Gb per scene, however, the standard level-1 product provided by these stations is not able to serve the general public. Users would like to browse the most up-to-date and historical images of thei...

Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity Using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification

Science.gov (United States)

Moses, C.S.; Andrefouet, S.; Kranenburg, C.; Muller-Karger, F. E.

2009-01-01

Using imagery at 30 m spatial resolution from the most recent Landsat satellite, the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), we scale up reef metabolic productivity and calcification from local habitat-scale (10 -1 to 100 km2) measurements to regional scales (103 to 104 km2). Distribution and spatial extent of the North Florida Reef Tract (NFRT) habitats come from supervised classification of the Landsat imagery within independent Landsat-derived Millennium Coral Reef Map geomorphologic classes. This system minimizes the depth range and variability of benthic habitat characteristics found in the area of supervised classification and limits misclassification. Classification of Landsat imagery into 5 biotopes (sand, dense live cover, sparse live cover, seagrass, and sparse seagrass) by geomorphologic class is >73% accurate at regional scales. Based on recently published habitat-scale in situ metabolic measurements, gross production (P = 3.01 ?? 109 kg C yr -1), excess production (E = -5.70 ?? 108 kg C yr -1), and calcification (G = -1.68 ?? 106 kg CaCO 3 yr-1) are estimated over 2711 km2 of the NFRT. Simple models suggest sensitivity of these values to ocean acidification, which will increase local dissolution of carbonate sediments. Similar approaches could be applied over large areas with poorly constrained bathymetry or water column properties and minimal metabolic sampling. This tool has potential applications for modeling and monitoring large-scale environmental impacts on reef productivity, such as the influence of ocean acidification on coral reef environments. ?? Inter-Research 2009.

Using Landsat Spectral Indices in Time-Series to Assess Wildfire Disturbance and Recovery

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Samuel Hislop

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Satellite earth observation is being increasingly used to monitor forests across the world. Freely available Landsat data stretching back four decades, coupled with advances in computer processing capabilities, has enabled new time-series techniques for analyzing forest change. Typically, these methods track individual pixel values over time, through the use of various spectral indices. This study examines the utility of eight spectral indices for characterizing fire disturbance and recovery in sclerophyll forests, in order to determine their relative merits in the context of Landsat time-series. Although existing research into Landsat indices is comprehensive, this study presents a new approach, by comparing the distributions of pre and post-fire pixels using Glass’s delta, for evaluating indices without the need of detailed field information. Our results show that in the sclerophyll forests of southeast Australia, common indices, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI and the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR, both accurately capture wildfire disturbance in a pixel-based time-series approach, especially if images from soon after the disturbance are available. However, for tracking forest regrowth and recovery, indices, such as NDVI, which typically capture chlorophyll concentration or canopy ‘greenness’, are not as reliable, with values returning to pre-fire levels in 3–5 years. In comparison, indices that are more sensitive to forest moisture and structure, such as NBR, indicate much longer (8–10 years recovery timeframes. This finding is consistent with studies that were conducted in other forest types. We also demonstrate that additional information regarding forest condition, particularly in relation to recovery, can be extracted from less well known indices, such as NBR2, as well as textural indices incorporating spatial variance. With Landsat time-series gaining in popularity in recent years, it is critical to

Oyster Aquaculture Site Selection Using Landsat 8-Derived Sea Surface Temperature, Turbidity, and Chlorophyll a

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Jordan Snyder

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Remote sensing data is useful for selection of aquaculture sites because it can provide water-quality products mapped over large regions at low cost to users. However, the spatial resolution of most ocean color satellites is too coarse to provide usable data within many estuaries. The Landsat 8 satellite, launched February 11, 2013, has both the spatial resolution and the necessary signal to noise ratio to provide temperature, as well as ocean color derived products along complex coastlines. The state of Maine (USA has an abundance of estuarine indentations (~3,500 miles of tidal shoreline within 220 miles of coast, and an expanding aquaculture industry, which makes it a prime case-study for using Landsat 8 data to provide products suitable for aquaculture site selection. We collected the Landsat 8 scenes over coastal Maine, flagged clouds, atmospherically corrected the top-of-the-atmosphere radiances, and derived time varying fields (repeat time of Landsat 8 is 16 days of temperature (100 m resolution, turbidity (30 m resolution, and chlorophyll a (30 m resolution. We validated the remote-sensing-based products at several in situ locations along the Maine coast where monitoring buoys and programs are in place. Initial analysis of the validated fields revealed promising new areas for oyster aquaculture. The approach used is applicable to other coastal regions and the data collected to date show potential for other applications in marine coastal environments, including water quality monitoring and ecosystem management.

Mapping Canopy Height and Growing Stock Volume Using Airborne Lidar, ALOS PALSAR and Landsat ETM+

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Wayne Walker

2012-10-01

Full Text Available We have investigated for forest plantations in Chile the stand-level retrieval of canopy height (CH and growing stock volume (GSV using Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS, ALOS PALSAR and Landsat. In a two-stage up-scaling approach, ensemble regression tree models (randomForest were used to relate a suite of ALS canopy structure indices to stand-level in situ measurements of CH and GSV for 319 stands. The retrieval of CH and GSV with ALS yielded high accuracies with R2s of 0.93 and 0.81, respectively. A second set of randomForest models was developed using multi-temporal ALOS PALSAR intensities and repeat-pass coherences in two polarizations as well as Landsat data as predictor and stand-level ALS based estimates of CH and GSV as response variables. At three test sites, the retrieval of CH and GSV with PALSAR/Landsat reached promising accuracies with R2s in the range of 0.7 to 0.85. We show that the combined use of multi-temporal PALSAR intensity, coherence and Landsat yields higher retrieval accuracies than the retrieval with any of the datasets alone. Potential limitations for the large-area application of the fusion approach included (1 the low sensitivity of ALS first/last return data to forest horizontal structure, affecting the retrieval of GSV in less managed types of forest, and (2 the dense ALS sampling required to achieve high retrieval accuracies at larger scale.

Use of GLOBE Observations to Derive a Landsat 8 Split Window Algorithm for Urban Heat Island

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Fagerstrom, L.; Czajkowski, K. P.

2017-12-01

Surface temperature has been studied to investigate the warming of urban climates, also known as urban heat islands, which can impact urban planning, public health, pollution levels, and energy consumption. However, the full potential of remotely sensed images is limited when analyzing land surface temperature due to the daunting task of correcting for atmospheric effects. Landsat 8 has two thermal infrared sensors. With two bands in the infrared region, a split window algorithm (SWA), can be applied to correct for atmospheric effects. This project used in situ surface temperature measurements from NASA's ground observation program, the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE), to derive the correcting coefficients for use in the SWA. The GLOBE database provided land surface temperature data that coincided with Landsat 8 overpasses. The land surface temperature derived from Landsat 8 SWA can be used to analyze for urban heat island effect.

Forest Disturbance Mapping Using Dense Synthetic Landsat/MODIS Time-Series and Permutation-Based Disturbance Index Detection

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David Frantz

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Spatio-temporal information on process-based forest loss is essential for a wide range of applications. Despite remote sensing being the only feasible means of monitoring forest change at regional or greater scales, there is no retrospectively available remote sensor that meets the demand of monitoring forests with the required spatial detail and guaranteed high temporal frequency. As an alternative, we employed the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM to produce a dense synthetic time series by fusing Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF adjusted reflectance. Forest loss was detected by applying a multi-temporal disturbance detection approach implementing a Disturbance Index-based detection strategy. The detection thresholds were permutated with random numbers for the normal distribution in order to generate a multi-dimensional threshold confidence area. As a result, a more robust parameterization and a spatially more coherent detection could be achieved. (i The original Landsat time series; (ii synthetic time series; and a (iii combined hybrid approach were used to identify the timing and extent of disturbances. The identified clearings in the Landsat detection were verified using an annual woodland clearing dataset from Queensland’s Statewide Landcover and Trees Study. Disturbances caused by stand-replacing events were successfully identified. The increased temporal resolution of the synthetic time series indicated promising additional information on disturbance timing. The results of the hybrid detection unified the benefits of both approaches, i.e., the spatial quality and general accuracy of the Landsat detection and the increased temporal information of synthetic time series. Results indicated that a temporal improvement in the detection of the disturbance date could be achieved relative to the irregularly spaced Landsat

EXTRAÇÃO DE SOLO EXPOSTO E INFERÊNCIA DO TIPO DE SOLO A PARTIR DO ESTUDO DA DRENAGEM USANDO-SE TÉCNICAS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO E GEOPROCESSAMENTO

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Jedman Dantas Motta

Full Text Available RESUMO Este trabalho procura obter uma região de solo exposto a partir da observação do atributo cor e inferir sobre determinado tipo de solo a partir de um mapa de drenagem obtido através de imagens temáticas TM-Landsat (banda 5 e composições coloridas 7R/2G/1B, 7R/5G/2B e 5R/4G/3B georefenciadas. A região considerada localiza-se próximo à cidade de Campina Grande, Estado da Paraíba, onde existem poucos trabalhos utilizando produtos Landsat, e quase nenhum trabalho cartográfico, devido à grande concentração de nuvens durante todo o ano, o que dificulta a obtenção dos dados por meio aéreo ou espacial.

Arte e imaginário na educação: uma análise das imagens artísticas do grupo de arte da escola comunitária Nossa Senhora da Conceição

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Maria Teresa Gonçalves Rocha

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Estudo sobre arte e imaginário no espaço escolar comunitário. Tem como campo de trabalho o Colégio Nossa Senhora da Conceição, localizado no bairro Cidade Olímpica do município de São Luís do Maranhão. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são sete integrantes do grupo de arte “Pintando o sete”, composto por 10 jovens com idade entre 10 a 15 anos e organizado pela escola citada. Tem como objetivo geral mapear as imagens (símbolos que permeiam o imaginário artístico do referido grupo de arte da escola e estabelecer correlações entre concepções teóricas, suas objetivações e funcionalidades. Seus objetivos específicos são: a caracterização do processo de iconoclasmo e resistência do imaginário na sociedade ocidental e suas implicações para a educação escolar; a análise teórica das escolas comunitárias e da arte nesse tipo de escolas em alguns de seus aspectos; mapear imagens (símbolos no espaço escolar comunitário e apreender o imaginário artístico dos integrantes do grupo de arte Pintando o sete. Trata-se de um estudo comparativo entre composições artísticas apresentadas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa nos anos 2006, quando participaram de uma oficina de artes plásticas e 2008, quando lhes foi aplicado um questionário para o levantamento de imagens. A abordagem da pesquisa é na perspectiva simbólica em que se busca revelar questões latentes. Adota-se como base teórica principal a fundamentação fornecida por Gilbert Durand com a sua classificação isotópica e Regimes de Imagens e autores como Martine Joly (2005, Gilberto Dimenstein (2004, Ernst Gombrich (1995, Herder Lexikon (1990, Viktor Lowenfeld (1970 e Gastón Bachelard (1998 que fornecem orientações básicas relativas a imagens. Através do levantamento e análise das composições gráficas mapeadas na pesquisa constata-se a predominância e pertinência de imagens diurnas, pela presença marcante de uma constelação de imagens ascensionais associada �

La cultura de la imagen y el declive de la lecto-escritura

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R. de la Flor, Fernando

2010-06-01

Full Text Available This article surveys the so-called visual turn that has currently taken place in cultural studies. It departs from the existing rivalry between writing and image and it advances a genealogy for this confrontation. This study insists on the diverse effects that the so-called visual turn has brought about in the reorganization of various areas of academic studies.

El artículo aborda en perspectiva el llamado visual turn producido en los estudios culturales: remonta la cuestión de una rivalidad entre la escritura y la imagen, estableciendo una cierta genealogía para este “enfrentamiento”. Para concluir, el trabajo finalmente recala en ciertos efectos que dicho giro visual tendrá sin duda en la reorganización de los campos de saber académicos.

Normalizing Landsat and ASTER Data Using MODIS Data Products for Forest Change Detection

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Gao, Feng; Masek, Jeffrey G.; Wolfe, Robert E.; Tan, Bin

2010-01-01

Monitoring forest cover and its changes are a major application for optical remote sensing. In this paper, we present an approach to integrate Landsat, ASTER and MODIS data for forest change detection. Moderate resolution (10-100m) images (e.g. Landsat and ASTER) acquired from different seasons and times are normalized to one "standard" date using MODIS data products as reference. The normalized data are then used to compute forest disturbance index for forest change detection. Comparing to the results from original data, forest disturbance index from the normalized images is more consistent spatially and temporally. This work demonstrates an effective approach for mapping forest change over a large area from multiple moderate resolution sensors on various acquisition dates.

Monitoring of urban growth in the state of Hidalgo using Landsat images

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Laura Cano Salinas

2017-03-01

Given this background, this paper is focused on the generation of geographic information for regional urban planning and the overall aim is to examine urban growth rate during the period 2000-2014 in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico and identify potential areas of expansion from Landsat images. The methodology was based on techniques of remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS. The inputs used were six Landsat scenes: three for 2000 year and three for 2014. Image processing was performed on ERDAS Imagine® 9.1 and the spatial analysis of urban coverage statewide on ArcGIS 10.0 by ESRI®. First, the radiometric correction was made and we obtained the urban polygons of the 2000 year through of supervised classification. The 2014 urban layer was digitized manually due to the spectral incompatibility between the bands of the Landsat sensor 5 and 7, and the Landsat sensor 8. Then, we build a road density map and the spatial relationship of the urban centers with the road influence area was evaluated. For the year 2000, 103 urban polygons were mapped, whilst for 2014 were identified ten polygons more with a mapped minimum area of 24 ha. The main results indicated that in the state has increased 72.3 km2 urban area from 2000 to 2014. This represents an average growth rate of 1.8% per year. The most widespread municipalities are located in the region of Valle del Mezquital, however, Mineral de la Reforma, Tetepango, Tizayuca and Pachuca showed growth rates of 183.44%, 102% 94% and 68.5% in fourteen years, respectively. According to the road map density, these municipalities are located in areas of greatest influence of infrastructure as the Arco Norte highway in the state. The above findings, lead us to conclude that the Mezquital Valley and the Basin of Mexico are potential areas of urban spreading and it is associated with road development in the Central Mexico.

A OBRA ALÉM DA OBRA: IMAGENS E REPRESENTAÇÕES MÍTICAS GUARANI MBYA

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Cássia A. Guimarães

2015-12-01

Full Text Available As narrativas e imagens retratadas no livro didático criado pelo CECI (Centro de Educação e Cultura Indígena Guarani Mbya - PMSP Nhandereko Nhemombe’u Tenonderã (Histórias para Contar e Sonhar (2007, expressam um corpus documental sobre a cultura desse grupo étnico. Através deste, compreende-se o mito como uma linguagem fundacional e de recriação de saberes imemoriais. Ordena-se um imaginário social que progride historicamente por uma linguagem que recria e fortalece a identidade e história desse povo.

CARACTERIZACION MORFOMETRICA DE LA GERMINACION DE CHLORAEA CRISPA LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE) USANDO UN ANALISIS DE IMAGEN

OpenAIRE

Verdugo, Gabriela; Marchant, Jorge; Cisternas, Mauricio; Calderón, Ximena; Peñaloza, Patricia

2007-01-01

Mediante la técnica de análisis de imagen se evaluó las etapas de germinación de un lote de semillas de Chloraea crispa Lindl. Se pudo observar las cuatro etapas de germinación propuestas por Mitchell. La etapa cero corresponde a semillas sin germinar, éstas son alargadas, curvadas en uno de sus extremos, y alcanzan un largo promedio de 0,5 mm. En la etapa uno se aprecia un incremento sólo en ancho debido al crecimiento del embrión, en la etapa dos hay cambios tanto en la forma como en el aum...

Regional Geological Mapping in the Graham Land of Antarctic Peninsula Using LANDSAT-8 Remote Sensing Data

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Pour, A. B.; Hashim, M.; Park, Y.

2017-10-01

Geological investigations in Antarctica confront many difficulties due to its remoteness and extreme environmental conditions. In this study, the applications of Landsat-8 data were investigated to extract geological information for lithological and alteration mineral mapping in poorly exposed lithologies in inaccessible domains such in Antarctica. The north-eastern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula (AP) was selected in this study to conduct a satellite-based remote sensing mapping technique. Continuum Removal (CR) spectral mapping tool and Independent Components Analysis (ICA) were applied to Landsat-8 spectral bands to map poorly exposed lithologies at regional scale. Pixels composed of distinctive absorption features of alteration mineral assemblages associated with poorly exposed lithological units were detected by applying CR mapping tool to VNIR and SWIR bands of Landsat-8.Pixels related to Si-O bond emission minima features were identified using CR mapping tool to TIR bands in poorly mapped andunmapped zones in north-eastern Graham Land at regional scale. Anomaly pixels in the ICA image maps related to spectral featuresof Al-O-H, Fe, Mg-O-H and CO3 groups and well-constrained lithological attributions from felsic to mafic rocks were detectedusing VNIR, SWIR and TIR datasets of Landsat-8. The approach used in this study performed very well for lithological andalteration mineral mapping with little available geological data or without prior information of the study region.

Detecting Uniform Areas for Vicarious Calibration using Landsat TM Imagery: A Study using the Arabian and Saharan Deserts

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Hilbert, Kent; Pagnutti, Mary; Ryan, Robert; Zanoni, Vicki

2002-01-01

This paper discusses a method for detecting spatially uniform sites need for radiometric characterization of remote sensing satellites. Such information is critical for scientific research applications of imagery having moderate to high resolutions (African Saharan and Arabian deserts contained extremely uniform sites with respect to spatial characteristics. We developed an algorithm for detecting site uniformity and applied it to orthorectified Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery over eight uniform regions of interest. The algorithm's results were assessed using both medium-resolution (30-m GSD) Landsat 7 ETM+ and fine-resolution (research shows that Landsat TM products appear highly useful for detecting potential calibration sites for system characterization. In particular, the approach detected spatially uniform regions that frequently occur at multiple scales of observation.

LA GESTIÓN DE LA IMAGEN SUBJETIVA Y OBJETIVA DE LA EMPRESA EN LOS NUEVOS CANALES COMERCIALES

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David López Jiménez

2012-08-01

Full Text Available La reputación corporativa es un valor difícil de crear, pero muy fácil de perder. Tal aspecto se proyecta tanto en el mundo tradicional como en el escenario virtual. En la formación de la imagen empresarial influyen numerosos factores, si bien, en la actualidad, los instrumentos sociales presentes en Internet amplifican los efectos, positivos o negativos, respecto a la misma. Una vez cuantificada, podrá monitorizarse para realizar las medidas pertinentes.

INSATISFACCIÓN POR LA IMAGEN CORPORAL Y LA BAJA AUTOESTIMA POR LA APARIENCIA FÍSICA EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES DEL ESTADO MERIDA VENEZUELA

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Pedro López Atencio

2008-07-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tuvo como propósito central evaluar la insatisfacción por la imagen corporal y su relación con la baja autoestima por la apariencia física en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Los Andes en Mérida Venezuela. El estudio fue de tipo no experimental correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 189 estudiantes, 27% masculino y 73% femenino, con una edad promedio de 19,58 años ± 1,57 (varones 19,81 años ± 1,74 y para las mujeres 20,24 años ± 1,76. Los participantes fueron seleccionados de los cursos del primer año de las carreras de: medicina, enfermería y nutrición, los cuales fueron seleccionados de forma intencional. El instrumento empleado para determinar la Insatisfacción por la Imagen Corporal fue el Body Shape Questionnaire (Cooper y Taylor, 1987. El método de Graffar Modificado fue utilizado para determinar el estrato socioeconómico de los participantes (Méndez y De Méndez, 1994. A los datos se les aplicó el análisis descriptivo (frecuencia, porcentajes, media e inferencial (ANOVA de un solo factor a través del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 9.0. Entre los principales hallazgos en el estudio se pudo determinar una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, la baja autoestima por la apariencia física con el género χ2 (2, N= 189 = 9,686, p=0,008. A través de ANOVA se pudo determinar que las diferencias en las medias para los niveles de insatisfacción y baja autoestima con la imagen corporal y el género son estadísticamente significativas, F=11,236; p=0,008, F=10,23; p=0,002 respectivamente. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos permiten sugerir sobre la relación que existe entre la insatisfacción y la baja autoestima por la apariencia física, existiendo un rechazo por la propia imagen corporal causada por la percepción distorsionada o no de la misma, lo que podría afectar la autoestima por la

Landsat analysis of the Yangjiatan tungsten district, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China

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Carter, W.D.; Kiilsgaard, T.H.

1983-01-01

The Yangjiatan tungsten district at latitude 27??28??? N. and longitude 111??54???E. is located about 140 km southwest of the city of Changsha and 35 km northeast of the town of Shaoyang, southeast Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. The deposits, consisting largely of scheelite in veins (Wang, 1975), are contained in highly folded and faulted sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic age intruded by granitic plutons that are circular in plan view. The major faults and folds trend in a northeasterly direction; whereas, the plutons are clustered in a more easterly trending band across the Landsat image. Landsat image E-2338-02202, acquired December 26, 1975, is number 470 in the "Landsat Image Atlas of the People's Republic of China" printed by the Publishing House of Geology in 1979. A computer-compatible tape of the image was analyzed and used as a demonstration project under a United Nations technical assistance program. Supervised classification of soils, rocks, and vegetation; band ratioing to detect limonite alteration; and edge enhancement were all conducted to demonstrate the flexibility and capability of interactive computer systems. Field evaluation of the results of this work will be conducted by colleagues of the Remote Sensing Center for Geology, Ministry of Geology, in China. ?? 1983.

Detecting Forest Disturbance Events from MODIS and Landsat Time Series for the Conterminous United States

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Zhang, G.; Ganguly, S.; Saatchi, S. S.; Hagen, S. C.; Harris, N.; Yu, Y.; Nemani, R. R.

2013-12-01

Spatial and temporal patterns of forest disturbance and regrowth processes are key for understanding aboveground terrestrial vegetation biomass and carbon stocks at regional-to-continental scales. The NASA Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) program seeks key input datasets, especially information related to impacts due to natural/man-made disturbances in forested landscapes of Conterminous U.S. (CONUS), that would reduce uncertainties in current carbon stock estimation and emission models. This study provides a end-to-end forest disturbance detection framework based on pixel time series analysis from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and Landsat surface spectral reflectance data. We applied the BFAST (Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend) algorithm to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for the time period from 2000 to 2011. A harmonic seasonal model was implemented in BFAST to decompose the time series to seasonal and interannual trend components in order to detect abrupt changes in magnitude and direction of these components. To apply the BFAST for whole CONUS, we built a parallel computing setup for processing massive time-series data using the high performance computing facility of the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX). In the implementation process, we extracted the dominant deforestation events from the magnitude of abrupt changes in both seasonal and interannual components, and estimated dates for corresponding deforestation events. We estimated the recovery rate for deforested regions through regression models developed between NDVI values and time since disturbance for all pixels. A similar implementation of the BFAST algorithm was performed over selected Landsat scenes (all Landsat cloud free data was used to generate NDVI from atmospherically corrected spectral reflectances) to demonstrate the spatial coherence in retrieval layers between MODIS and Landsat. In future, the application of this largely parallel disturbance