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Sample records for urana po 232u

  1. Mobility of 232Th and 210Po in red mud.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hegedűs, Miklós; Tóth-Bodrogi, Edit; Jónás, Jácint; Somlai, János; Kovács, Tibor

    2018-04-01

    The valorization of industrial by-products such as red mud became a tempting opportunity, but the understanding of the risks involved is required for the safe utilization of these products. One of the risks involved are the elevated levels of radionuclides (in the 100-1300 Bq/kg range for both the 238 U and 232  Th decay chains, but usually lower than 1000 Bq/kg, which is the recommended limit for excemption or clearance according to the EU BSS released in 2013) in red mud that can affect human health. There is no satisfactory answer for the utilization of red mud; the main current solution is still almost exclusively disposal into a landfill. For the safe utilization and deposition of red mud, it is important to be able to assess the leaching behaviour of radionuclides. Because there is no commonly accepted measurement protocol for testing the leaching of radionuclides in the EU a combined measurement protocol was made and tested based on heavy metal leaching methods. The leaching features of red mud were studied by methods compliant with the MSZ-21470-50 Hungarian standard, the CEN/TS 14429 standard and the Tessier sequential extraction method for 232 Th and 210 Po. The leached solutions were taken to radiochemical separation followed by spontaneous deposition for Po and electrodeposition for Th. The 332 ± 33 Bq/kg 232 Th content was minimally mobile, 1% became available for distilled water 1% and 6% for Lakanen-Erviö solution; the Tessier extraction showed minimal mobility in the first four steps, while more than 85% remained in the residue. The 210 Po measurements had a severe disturbing effect in many cases, probably due to large amounts of iron present in the red mud, from the 310 ± 12 Bq/kg by aqua regia digestion, distilled water mobilized 23%, while Lakanen-Erviö solution mobilized ∼13%. The proposed protocol is suitable for the analysis of Th and Po leaching behaviour. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Possibilities of using metal uranium fuel in heavy water reactors; Mogucnosti upotrebe metalnog urana kao goriva za teskovodne reaktore

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Djuric, B; Mihajlovic, A; Drobnjak, Dj [Institute of nuclear sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Yugoslavia)

    1965-11-15

    There are serious economic reasons for using metal uranium in heavy water reactors, because of its high density, i.e. high conversion factor, and low cost of fuel elements production. Most important disadvantages are swelling at high burnup and corrosion risk. Some design concepts and application of improved uranium obtained by alloying are promising for achievement of satisfactory stability of metal uranium under reactor operation conditions. Postoje ozbiljni ekonomski razlozi za primenu metalnog urana u teskovodnim reaktorima, pre svega zbog njegove velike gustine, odnosno visokog konverzionog faktora, i zbog niskih troskova proizvodnje gorivnih elemenata. Glavne prepreke su bubrenje pri velikim stepenima sagorevanja i opasnost od korozije. Postoje veliki izgledi da se primenom odredjenih projektnih koncepcija i upotrebom legiranjem poboljsanog urana postigne zadovoljavajuca stabilnost metalnog urana u uslovima rada reaktora (author)

  3. Calibration of 232U solution; Calibracion de una disolucion de 232U

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Galan Valera, M P; Acena Berrenechea, M L

    1988-07-01

    A method for as certain the activity by alpha spectroscopy with semiconductor detectors, of a solution of 232U is presented. It consists of the comparison with a 233U solution activity previously measured in a gridded ionization chamber of 2{pi} geometry. The total measurement uncertainty is about + - 0,02. (Author) 9 refs.

  4. 238U, 234U and 232Th in seawater

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, J.H.; Edwards, R.L.; Wasserburg, G.J.

    1986-01-01

    We have developed techniques to determine 238 U, 234 U and 232 Th concentrations in seawater by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Using these techniques, we have measured 238 U, 234 U and 232 Th in vertical profiles of unfiltered, acidified seawater from the Atlantic and 238 U and 234 U in vertical profiles from the Pacific. Determinations of 234 U/ 238 U at depths ranging from 0 to 4900 m in the Atlantic (7 0 44'N, 40 0 43'W) and the Pacific (14 0 41'N, 160 0 01'W) Oceans are the same within experimental error (±5per mille, 2σ). The average of these 234 U/ 238 U measurements is 144±2per mille (2σ) higher than the equilibrium ratio of 5.472 x 10 -5 . U concentrations, normalized to 35per mille salinity, range from 3.162 to 3.281 ng/g, a range of 3.8%. The average concentration of the Pacific samples (31 0 4'N, 159 0 1'W) is ∝1% higher than that of the Atlantic (7 0 44'N, 40 0 43'W and 31 0 49'N, 64 0 6'W). 232 Th concentrations from an Atlantic profile range from 0.092 to 0.145 pg/g. The observed constancy of the 234 U/ 238 U ratio is consistent with the predicted range of 234 U/ 238 U using a simple two-box model and the residence time of deep water in the ocean determined from 14 C. The variation in salinity-normalized U concentrations suggests that U may be much more reactive in the marine environment than previously thought. (orig./WB)

  5. Production of 231Pa and 232U by irradiation of 230Th/232Th mixtures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kluge, E.; Lieser, K.H.

    1981-01-01

    The production of 231 Pa and of 232 U by irradiating a 230 Th/ 232 Th mixture (containing 12 mol per cent 230 Th) in form of ThO 2 at a thermal neutron flux of 6.9 x 10 13 cm -2 s -1 for 4 months was investigated. Pa, U and Th were separated and the chemical yields were determined. 2.6% of the 230 Th were transformed into 231 Pa and 0.13% into 232 U. These values are higher than those calculated for a thermal flux, but lower than those calculated for a flux ratio epithermal to thermal = 0.03. 231 Pa and 232 U were isolated in form of a protactinium solution and of U 3 O 8 with 94.9 and 89.1% chemical yields, respectively. Foreign activities were not detected. Thorium was recuperated and isolated as ThO 2 , with a chemical yield of 93.6%. (orig.)

  6. Calibration of 232U solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galan Valera, M. P.; Acena Berrenechea, M. L.

    1988-01-01

    A method for as certain the activity by alpha spectroscopy with semiconductor detectors, of a solution of 232U is presented. It consists of the comparison with a 233U solution activity previously measured in a gridded ionization chamber of 2π geometry. The total measurement uncertainty is about + - 0,02. (Author) 9 refs

  7. Gamma-spectrometric determination of {sup 232}U in uranium-bearing materials

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zsigrai, Jozsef [European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), 76125 Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 2340 (Germany); Nguyen, Tam Cong [Centre for Energy Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (EK), 1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49 (Hungary); Berlizov, Andrey [European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), 76125 Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 2340 (Germany)

    2015-09-15

    The {sup 232}U content of various uranium-bearing items was measured using low-background gamma spectrometry. The method is independent of the measurement geometry, sample form and chemical composition. Since {sup 232}U is an artificially produced isotope, it carries information about previous irradiation of the material, which is relevant for nuclear forensics, nuclear safeguards and for nuclear reactor operations. A correlation between the {sup 232}U content and {sup 235}U enrichment of the investigated samples has been established, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. It is also shown how the correlation of the mass ratio {sup 232}U/{sup 235}U vs. {sup 235}U content can be used to distinguish materials contaminated with reprocessed uranium from materials made of reprocessed uranium.

  8. Neutron inelastic-scattering cross sections of 232Th, 233U, 235U, 238U, 239Pu and 240Pu

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, A.B.; Guenther, P.T.

    1982-01-01

    Differential-neutron-emission cross sections of 232 Th, 233 U, 235 U, 238 U, 239 Pu and 240 Pu are measured between approx. = 1.0 and 3.5 MeV with the angle and magnitude detail needed to provide angle-integrated emission cross sections to approx. 232 Th, 233 U, 235 U and 238 U inelastic-scattering values, poor agreement is observed for 240 Pu, and a serious discrepancy exists in the case of 239 Pu

  9. Crystal structures of Th(OH)PO4, U(OH)PO4 and Th2O(PO4)2. Condensation mechanism of M(IV)(OH)PO4 (M= Th, U) into M2O(PO4)2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dacheux, N.; Clavier, N.; Wallez, G.; Quarton, M.

    2007-01-01

    Three new crystal structures, isotypic with β-Zr 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 , have been resolved by the Rietveld method. All crystallize with an orthorhombic cell (S.G.: Cmca) with a = 7.1393(2) Angstroms, b = 9.2641(2) Angstroms, c 12.5262(4) Angstroms, V = 828.46(4) (Angstroms) 3 and Z = 8 for Th(OH)PO 4 ; a = 7.0100(2) Angstroms, b = 9.1200(2) Angstroms, c = 12.3665(3) Angstroms, V 790.60(4) (Angstroms) 3 and Z = 8 for U(OH)PO 4 ; a 7.1691(3) Angstroms, b 9.2388(4) Angstroms, c = 12.8204(7) Angstroms, V 849.15(7) (Angstroms) 3 and Z = 4 for Th 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 . By heating, the M(OH)PO 4 (M Th, U) compounds condense topotactically into M 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 , with a change of the environment of the tetravalent cation that lowers from 8 to 7 oxygen atoms. The lower stability of Th 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 compared to that of U 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 seems to result from this unusual environment for tetravalent thorium. (authors)

  10. Uptake and distribution of 232U in peas and barley

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schreckhise, R.G.; Cline, J.F.

    1980-01-01

    The uptake of 232 U from soil and its distribution in peas and barley were examined under conditions which isolated root uptake from deposition on aboveground plant parts. Aboveground plant parts were harvested at maturity and analyzed for 232 U content by alpha-energy-analysis. The ratio of concentration (CR) of 232 U in the dry barley seeds to dry soil was 1.6 x 10 -4 while the CR values of the stem/leaf to dry soil fraction was 3.6 x 10 -3 . The Cr values for the pea seed, stem/pod and leaf components were 5.4 x 10 -4 , 3.3 x 10 -3 and 1.7 x 10 -2 , respectively. This indicates that the CR values used in certain radiological dose-assessment models may be high by about a factor of 100 when evaluating the consumption of seeds of legumes or cereal grains by man. (author)

  11. Intake of 210Po, 234U and 238U radionuclides with beer in Poland

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Skwarzec, B.; Struminska, D.I.; Borylo, A.; Falandysz, J.

    2004-01-01

    238 U, 234 U and 210 Po activity concentrations were determined in beer in Poland by alpha-spectrometry with low-level activity silicon detectors. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of 238 U, 234 U and 210 Po in the analyzed beer samples were 4.63, 4.11 and 4.94 mBq x dm -3 , respectively, the highest in Tyskie (5.71 for 210 Po, 5.06 for 234 U and 6.11 for 238 U) and the lowest in Lech (2.49 for 210 Po). The effective radiation dose due to uranium and polonium ingestions by beer was calculated and were compared to the effective radiation dose from drinking water. (author)

  12. Nondestructive analysis for 232U and decay progeny in animal tissues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ballou, J.E.; Wogman, N.A.

    1977-01-01

    Direct determination of 232 U and its decay products in animal tissues appears to be feasible using an intrinsic Ge(Li) diode detector (for energies of 5-100 keV) and a NaI(Tl) anticoincidence-shielded Ge(Li) diode for higher-energy gamma photons. The detection sensitivity for 232 U and 228 Th is 0.03 and 0.01 nCi, respectively, using a 300-min counting time

  13. Grain growth of metal uranium; Rast zrna kod metalnog urana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cerovic, D [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Yugoslavia)

    1965-11-15

    In order to study the grain growth, uranium samples were deformed by molding up to 50% and then by rolling at 600 deg C for recrystallization. Grains obtained by recrystallization having diameter 10 - 15 {mu} were heated at different temperatures and during different time intervals to record the changes of grain size. Characteristic grain growth values, rate constants, time exponent and activation energy, were calculated by using the obtained data. U cilju proucavanja rasta zrna uzorci urana deformisani su valjanjem do 50%, a zatim zareni na 600 deg C da rekristalisu. Rekristalizacijom su dobijena sitna zrna, precnika 10-15 {mu} koja su zatim podvrgavana zarenju pri raznim temperaturama i razlicitm vremenskim intervalima, pri cemu je pracena promena velicine zrna. Na osnovu dobijenih podataka izracunate su karakteristicne velicine rasta zrna: konstante brzine, vremenski eksponent i energija aktivacije (author)

  14. Availability of U-238 and Th-232 present in phosphogypsum used in agriculture: precision and accuracy of the methodology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Malheiro, Luciano H.; Saueia, Catia H.R.; Mazzilli, Barbara P.

    2013-01-01

    Phosphogypsum (PG) can be classified as Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM), and it is obtained as a residue of the phosphate fertilizer industry. PG presents in its composition radionuclides of the natural U and Th series: mainly Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-232, Pb-210 and Po-210. The Brazilian producers stock the PG in dry stacks, posing risks to the surrounding environment. A possible solution to this problem is to reuse PG in agriculture; however, it is necessary to ensure that the radionuclides present in the PG will not be available to the agricultural products. This study is part of a research project sponsored by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP - 2010-10587-0) entitled 'Availability of metals and radionuclides in tropical soils amended with phosphogypsum', and its objective is to evaluate the reliability of an optimal methodology to determine U-238 and Th-232 in samples of soils amended with PG through percolation with water. The methodology comprises a sequential radiochemical separation of the radionuclides present in the leachate. The UTEVA resin was used for the purification and separation of U-238 and Th-232, and the final activity concentrations were determined by alpha spectrometry. The precision and accuracy of the methodology were checked by measuring standard reference material. The results obtained for the relative error and relative standard deviation varied respectively from 2.34 % to 5.92 % and 6.10 % to 6.21 % for uranium, and from 0.42 % to 3.13 % and 9.68 % to 10.97 % for thorium. (author)

  15. Uptake and distribution of /sup 232/U in peas and barley

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schreckhise, R G; Cline, J F [Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA (USA)

    1980-03-01

    The uptake of /sup 232/U from soil and its distribution in peas and barley were examined under conditions which isolated root uptake from deposition on aboveground plant parts. Aboveground plant parts were harvested at maturity and analyzed for /sup 232/U content by alpha-energy-analysis. The ratio of concentration (CR) of /sup 232/U in the dry barley seeds to dry soil was 1.6 x 10/sup -4/ while the CR values of the stem/leaf to dry soil fraction was 3.6 x 10/sup -3/. The Cr values for the pea seed, stem/pod and leaf components were 5.4 x 10/sup -4/, 3.3 x 10/sup -3/ and 1.7 x 10/sup -2/, respectively. This indicates that the CR values used in certain radiological dose-assessment models may be high by about a factor of 100 when evaluating the consumption of seeds of legumes or cereal grains by man.

  16. Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties of the catena-metaphosphates Ce(PO3)4 and U(PO3)4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoeppe, Henning A.; Daub, Michi

    2012-01-01

    The catena-metaphosphates of tetravalent cerium and tetravalent uranium were obtained as phase pure crystalline powders by reaction of the respective dioxides with phosphoric acid at 500 C. Ce(PO 3 ) 4 and U(PO 3 ) 4 crystallise in space group C2/c (Z = 16, a Ce = 13.7696(3) Aa, b Ce = 29.7120(7) Aa, c Ce = 8.9269(2) Aa, β Ce = 90.00(1) Aa 3 and a U = 13.786(3) Aa, b U = 29.843(6) Aa, c U = 8.9720(18) Aa, β U = 90.01(3) Aa 3 ). The vibrational and optical spectra of pale yellow Ce(PO 3 ) 4 and emerald-greenish U(PO 3 ) 4 are also reported. (orig.)

  17. Resonance Region Covariance Analysis Method and New Covariance Data for Th-232, U-233, U-235, U-238, and Pu-239

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leal, Luiz C.; Arbanas, Goran; Derrien, Herve; Wiarda, Dorothea

    2008-01-01

    Resonance-parameter covariance matrix (RPCM) evaluations in the resolved resonance region were done for 232Th, 233U, 235U, 238U, and 239Pu using the computer code SAMMY. The retroactive approach of the code SAMMY was used to generate the RPCMs for 233U, 235U. RPCMs for 232Th, 238U and 239Pu were generated together with the resonance parameter evaluations. The RPCMs were then converted in the ENDF format using the FILE32 representation. Alternatively, for computer storage reasons, the FILE32 was converted in the FILE33 cross section covariance matrix (CSCM). Both representations were processed using the computer code PUFF-IV. This paper describes the procedures used to generate the RPCM with SAMMY.

  18. Half-life of 214Po and 212Po measured with CTF at LNGS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.

    2013-01-01

    Polonium isotopes 214 Po and 212 Po are part of the 238 U and 232 Th decay chains, respectively. There exist only a few measurements of these two mean lifetimes with precision better than one or two percent. Since we have been studying decay spectra of 214 Bi and 212 Bi with the purpose of experimentally constraining anti-neutrino spectral shape important for geoneutrino studies, we have a large statistics of decays of 214 Po and 212 Po collected with the Counting Test Facility (CTF), which was operational in the underground I.N.F.N. Gran Sasso National Laboratory. The apparatus consisted of an external cylindrical water tank (diameter ∼ 11 m, high ∼ 10 m; ∼ 1000 tons of water) serving as passive shielding for 4.8 m 3 of liquid organic scintillator contained in an inner spherical vessel with a diameter of ∼ 2 m. The inner vessel was realized with a nylon membrane (∼ 500 ?m thick), with excellent optical clarity, which allowed the effective transmission of the scintillation light to the 100 phototubes (PMTs) forming the optical read-out, anchored on a 7 m diameter support structure inside the water tank. The high purity and low background in CTF allows a favourable signal to background ratio for these measurements. More specifically the ratio of signal to background of the present measurements is more than three orders of magnitude larger than the best existing measurements. We have studied the decays of 214 Po into 210 Pb and of 212 Po into 208 Pb tagged by the coincidence with the previously decays from 214 Bi and 212 Bi by using 222 Rn, 232 Th and 220 Rn sources sealed inside quartz vials and inserted in the CTF

  19. Studies on 232Th and 238U levels in marine algae collected from the coast of Niigata Prefecture

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kato, Kenji; Tonouchi, Shigemasa; Maruta, Fumiyuki; Ebata, Hidekazu

    2001-01-01

    To evaluate the properties of algae to concentrate radioactive elements, 14 species of algae like Sargassum were collected in the Prefecture and analyzed for their 232 Th and 238 U levels with Yokogawa HP4500 ICP-MS apparatus. The places of collection included those near the water discharge of an atomic power station. Mean 232 Th and 238 U levels were found to be 120 and 260 ng/g dry wt, respectively, and Phaeophyta showed more than several times higher 238 U level than Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. There was no clear difference in 232 Th levels. No difference between places of collection was observed in Sargassum 232 Th or 238 U level. Adsorption of 232 Th particle to and incorporation of soluble 238 U into algae body were suggested. Mean 232 Th and 238 U radioactivities were found 73 and 510 μBq/g wet wt, respectively, and the respective annual committed effective doses, 0.2 and 0.3 μSv, calculated from those values were confirmed to be enough lower than the annual public dose limit, 1 mSv. (K.H.)

  20. Neutron data evaluation of 232U

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maslov, V.M.; Porodzinskij, Yu.V.; Tetereva, N.A.; Kagalenko, A.B.; Kornilov, N.V.; Baba, M.; Hasegawa, A.

    2003-03-01

    Consistent evaluation of 232 U measured data base is performed. Hauser-Feshbach- Moldauer theory, coupled channel model and double-humped fission barrier model are employed. Total, differential scattering, fission and (n,xn) data are consistently reproduced as a major constraint for inelastic scattering cross section estimate. The direct excitation of ground state and higher band levels is calculated within rigid rotator and soft (deformable) rotator model, respectively. Prompt fission neutron spectra data are described. Average resonance parameters are provided, which reproduce evaluated cross sections in the range of 10-150 keV. (author)

  1. Assessment of natural radionuclides concentration from 238U and 232Th series in Virginia and Burley varieties of Nicotiana tabacum L

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Silva, Carolina Fernanda da

    2015-01-01

    Brazil is the largest exporter and second largest producer of tobacco worldwide, according to the crop production of 2013/2014. The tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is used to manufacture all derivatives and the chemical composition of the resulting tobacco products varies with the type of tobacco leaves, how they are grown, the region where they are cultivated, the characteristics of preparation (compression, filter and paper) and the temperature variations resulting from the incomplete combustion of tobacco. Tobacco products are extensively used throughout the world, and the most consumed are cigarettes, cigars and narghile. The damaging effects that these products cause to human health are discussed globally, and many surveys are performed with the aim of relating the use of these products with various illnesses. There is a lack of information about the radiological characterization of the tobacco plant both in international and Brazilian literature. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of radionuclides 238 U, 234 U, 230 Th, 22 '6Ra, 210 Pb and 210 Po, members from the 238 U decay series, and the radionuclides 232 Th and 228 Ra members of the 232 Th decay series in the varieties Burley and Virginia, which are the most cultivated in Brazil. Plants from these varieties were cultivated in pots with organic substrate and fertilizer and also acquired from the producers and analyzed by alpha spectrometry for U and Th isotopes and 210 Po determination, and gross alpha and beta counting, 228 Ra, 226 Ra and 210 Pb determination. The whole plant, from both places, was analyzed; root, stem, leaves, as well as the organic substrate, the fertilizers, and the soil. The results for U and Th isotopes presented values below the detection limits of the methods to the leaves and stems of all plants analyzed, with measurable results only in roots, soil, and substrate. The radionuclides 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 210 Pb, and 210 Po, were determined in most

  2. Assessment of natural radionuclides concentration from {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th series in Virginia and Burley varieties of Nicotiana tabacum L; Avaliacao da concentracao dos radionuclideos naturais das series do {sup 238}U e {sup 232}Th nas variedades Burley e Virginia da Nicotiana tabacum L.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silva, Carolina Fernanda da

    2015-07-01

    Brazil is the largest exporter and second largest producer of tobacco worldwide, according to the crop production of 2013/2014. The tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is used to manufacture all derivatives and the chemical composition of the resulting tobacco products varies with the type of tobacco leaves, how they are grown, the region where they are cultivated, the characteristics of preparation (compression, filter and paper) and the temperature variations resulting from the incomplete combustion of tobacco. Tobacco products are extensively used throughout the world, and the most consumed are cigarettes, cigars and narghile. The damaging effects that these products cause to human health are discussed globally, and many surveys are performed with the aim of relating the use of these products with various illnesses. There is a lack of information about the radiological characterization of the tobacco plant both in international and Brazilian literature. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of radionuclides {sup 238}U, {sup 234}U, {sup 230}Th, {sup 22}'6Ra, {sup 210}Pb and {sup 210}Po, members from the {sup 238}U decay series, and the radionuclides {sup 232}Th and {sup 228}Ra members of the {sup 232}Th decay series in the varieties Burley and Virginia, which are the most cultivated in Brazil. Plants from these varieties were cultivated in pots with organic substrate and fertilizer and also acquired from the producers and analyzed by alpha spectrometry for U and Th isotopes and {sup 210}Po determination, and gross alpha and beta counting, {sup 228}Ra, {sup 226}Ra and {sup 210}Pb determination. The whole plant, from both places, was analyzed; root, stem, leaves, as well as the organic substrate, the fertilizers, and the soil. The results for U and Th isotopes presented values below the detection limits of the methods to the leaves and stems of all plants analyzed, with measurable results only in roots, soil, and substrate. The

  3. Measurement of the effective resonance integral of natural uranium; Merenje efektivnog rezonantnog integrala prirodnog urana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Markovic, V; Kocic, A [Institute of nuclear sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Yugoslavia)

    1965-12-15

    Good understanding of the nuclear properties of the materials in the reactor core is essential for reactor operation. One of the fundamental properties is the resonance absorption of the fuel, which is directly included in the reactor calculation through resonance escape probability and influences the choice of the materials quality in the core. This paper describes the measurement of resonance absorption integral of the natural uranium as a function of the S/M ratio. Improved experiment planning and analysis of results, as well as improvement of the ROB-1 reactor oscillator device related to the interpretation of results and decrease of reactor drift variations during measurement enabled higher precision of results compared to previous experiments. Poznavanje osobina nuklearnih karakteristika materijala koji ulaze u jezgro nuklearnog reaktora predstavlja bitan faktor u njegovom rezimu rada. Jedna od osnovnih je svakako rezonantna apsorpcija goriva, cija velicina - preko faktora rezonantnog izbegavanja - direktno ulazi u proracun nuklearnih reaktora i utice na izbor kvaliteta materijala koji ga sacinjavaju. U radu se opisuje merenje rezonantnog apsorpcionog integrala prirodnog urana u funkciji odnosa S/M. Bolja postavka eksperimenta i interpretacija rezultata, s jedne strane, i poboljsanje uredjaja reaktorskog oscilatora ROB-1 /1/ u pogledu analize podataka i smanjenja promene drifta reaktora u toku merenja, s druge strane, daju znacaj ovom radu u pogledu dobijanja preciznijih rezultata u odnosu na ranije /2/ (author)

  4. Studies on {sup 232}Th and {sup 238}U levels in marine algae collected from the coast of Niigata Prefecture

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kato, Kenji; Tonouchi, Shigemasa; Maruta, Fumiyuki; Ebata, Hidekazu [Niigata Prefectural Inst. of Public Health and Environmental Sciences (Japan)

    2001-12-01

    To evaluate the properties of algae to concentrate radioactive elements, 14 species of algae like Sargassum were collected in the Prefecture and analyzed for their {sup 232}Th and {sup 238}U levels with Yokogawa HP4500 ICP-MS apparatus. The places of collection included those near the water discharge of an atomic power station. Mean {sup 232}Th and {sup 238}U levels were found to be 120 and 260 ng/g dry wt, respectively, and Phaeophyta showed more than several times higher {sup 238}U level than Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. There was no clear difference in {sup 232}Th levels. No difference between places of collection was observed in Sargassum {sup 232}Th or {sup 238}U level. Adsorption of {sup 232}Th particle to and incorporation of soluble {sup 238}U into algae body were suggested. Mean {sup 232}Th and {sup 238}U radioactivities were found 73 and 510 {mu}Bq/g wet wt, respectively, and the respective annual committed effective doses, 0.2 and 0.3 {mu}Sv, calculated from those values were confirmed to be enough lower than the annual public dose limit, 1 mSv. (K.H.)

  5. Studies on use of reflector material and its position within FBR core for reducing U{sup 232} content of U produced in ThO{sub 2} radial blankets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sen, Sujoy, E-mail: sujoy@igcar.gov.in [Core Design Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam (India); Prasad, Rajeev Ranjan; Bagchi, Subhrojit [Core Design Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam (India); Mohanakrishnan, P. [MCNS, Manipal University, Manipal (India); Arul, A. John; Puthiyavinayagam, P. [Core Design Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam (India)

    2015-11-15

    Highlights: • Nuclear data processing for multigroup neutron transport calculation. • Discrete ordinate and Monte Carlo neutron transport. • Breeding of Thorium in Fast Reactor. • Minimization of U{sup 232} in U{sup 233}. • Fuel burn up using Neutron Diffusion. - Abstract: Presence of U{sup 232} in U{sup 233} bred in thorium blanket of fast reactor is a major concern in fuel reprocessing. The former's daughter products being hard gamma emitter and the isotope itself having substantial half life, its presence beyond 10 ppm makes fuel recycle complicated and expensive. In this study possibility of decreasing U{sup 232} production in a typical FBR blanket by means of spectrum modification is examined. SS, depleted B{sub 4}C, SiC, Mo and W regions were introduced between core and radial blanket and evolution of isotopes were studied to arrive at an optimal configuration that satisfies requirements of breeding U{sup 233} and lowering U{sup 232}concentration. SS, B{sub 4}C, SiC, Mo and W are known to be high temperature material with appropriate stability in harsh fast reactor environment. Study has shown that introducing two SS reflector rows can achieve the required low value of U{sup 232}concentration without greatly compromising the U{sup 233}production.

  6. Evaluation of cross sections of Th-232 and U-233

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dias, A.M.

    1978-01-01

    The cross sections in multigroups of Th-232 and U-233 are evaluated by comparison of theoretical results and experimental data obtained through experiments on the fast reactors IBR-I, EBR-II, BR-I and AETR. The deviation between calculated values and experimental results is about 10%. They are therefore satisfatory for neutronic calculations [pt

  7. Evaluation of daily intake of 238U and 232Th in a Korean mixed diet sample using RNAA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chung, Yong Sam; Moon, Jong Hwa; Kim, Sun Ha; Park, Kwang Won; Kang, Sang Hoon; Cho, Seung Yeon

    2000-01-01

    To estimate the degree of intake of 238 U and 232 Th through daily diet, a Korean mixed diet sample was prepared after the investigation of the amount of consumption of the daily diet which corresponds to the age of 20 to 60 years. For the analysis of U and Th, the RNAA method was applied. Two standard reference materials were used for quality control and assurance and the analytical results were compared with a certified value. The determination of U and Th in the Korean mixed diet sample was carried out under the same analytical conditions and procedures with SRM. It is found that the concentration of U and Th in a Korean mixed diet was about 35.4 ppb and 3.4 ppb. From these results, the daily intake of 238 U and 232 Th by diet is evaluated to be 6.98 and 0.67 μg per day, respectively. Radioactivities related to the intake of 238 U and 232 Th were estimated to be about 86 mBq per person per day and the annual dose equivalents from 238 U and 232 Th revealed as 3.18 μSv and 0.29 μSv per person, respectively

  8. Contamination level of natural 238U and 232Th radionuclides in offshore of coal power plant (assessment at offshore of Panjang Island and Lada Bay, Banten)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sabam Parsaoran Situmorang; Harpasis Selamet Sanusi; June Mellawati

    2011-01-01

    This study had been carried out by collecting sample of the surficial sediments, sea water, seaweeds, anchovies (Stolephorus and Anchoa) and mussels (Codakia) from 4 locations in waters of Pulau Panjang and coastal of Lada Bay (as control/comparison site), Banten in June - July 2010. Natural radionuclides (Th) concentration in samples was measured using neutron activation analysis (NAA) method. The results showed that the total radionuclides concentration in sediment ( 238 U: 18.6160 - 35.0013 Bq/kg; 232 Th: 11.2020 - 35.6685 Bq/kg), seawater ( 238 U: undetected; 232 Th: 0.0790 - 0.1299 Bq/l), cultivation seaweeds ( 238 U: undetected; 232 Th: 3.6735 - 4.8345 Bq/kg), natural seaweeds ( 238 U: 3.6851 - 48.0430 Bq/kg; 232 Th: 3.9941 - 9.0788 Bq/kg), Stolephorus ( 238 U: undetected; 232 Th: 3.3078 Bq/kg) and Codakia ( 238 U: 6.8903 Bq/kg; 232 Th: 3.6023 Bq/kg) in Pulau Panjang, Banten around Suralaya coal power plant higher than control site that were around the Labuan coal power plant, namely in sediments ( 238 U: 10.4253 Bq/kg; 232 Th: 16.5952 Bq/kg), seawater( 238 U: undetected; 232 Th: 0.0671 Bq/l), cultivation seaweeds ( 238 U: undetected; 232 Th: 2.3005 Bq/kg), natural seaweeds ( 238 U: 19.5367 Bq/kg; 232 Th: 2.6729 Bq/kg) and Anchoa ( 238 U: undetected; 232 Th: 2.0603 Bq/kg). (author)

  9. Determination of 232Th, 230Th and 228Th in liquid effluents from uranium mining

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Godoy, Jose Marcus de Oliveira

    1979-10-01

    A liquid scintillator αlpha spectrometer was built for the determination of Th- 228 , Th- 230 and Th- 232 in liquid effluents from Uranium mines and mills. The resolution of the αlpha spectrometer was found to be 200-300 KeV, when the scintillator was 8% T0P0, 0,77% scintimix-4 (91% PP0 and 9% Dimetil-P0P0P) and 10% of naphthalene in toluene. Aliquat-336 in xylene (30% v/v) was used to separate the thorium isotopes from other interfering radionuclides (U- 238 , U- 234 , Ra- 226 , Po- 210 ). Under the extraction experimental conditions, the detection limits were 1,2 pCi/1 for Th- 232 , 1,2 pCi/1 for Th- 230 and 0,9 pCi/1 for Th- 228 , for 1000 minutes of counting time. (author)

  10. Investigate the capability of INAA absolute method to determine the concentrations of 238U and 232Th in rock samples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alnour, I.A.

    2014-01-01

    This work aimed to study the capability of INAA absolute method in determining the elemental concentration of 238 U and 232 Th in the rock samples. The INAA absolute method was implemented in PUSPATI TRIGA Mark II research reactor, Malaysian Nuclear Agency (NM). The accuracy of INAA absolute method was performed by analyzing the IAEA certified reference material (CRM) Soil-7. The analytical results showed the deviations between experimental and certified values were mostly less than 10 % with Z-score in most cases less than 1. In general, the results of analysed CRM Soil-7 show a good agreement between certified and experimental results which mean that the INAA absolute method can be used accurately for elemental analysis of uranium and thorium in various types of samples. The concentration of 238 U and 232 Th ranged from 1.77 to 24.25 and 0.88 to 95.50 ppm respectively. The highest value of 238 U and 232 Th was recorded for granite rock sample G17 of 238 U and sample G9 of 232 Th, whereas the lower value was 1.77 ppm of 238 U recorded in sandstone rock and 0.88 ppm of 232 Th for gabbro. Moreover, a comparison of the 238 U and 232 Th results obtained by the INAA absolute method shows an acceptable level of consistency with those obtained by the INAA relative method. (author)

  11. Emanation of 232U and its radioactive daughter products from respirable size particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cuddihy, R.G.; Griffith, W.C.; Hoover, M.D.; Kanapilly, G.M.; Stalnaker, N.D.

    1978-01-01

    This study is to develop a model for the emanation of 232 U and its radioactive daughter products from particles of Th-U fuel material. The radiation doses to internal organs following inhalation of these particles can only be calculated by knowing the rate of emanation of the daughters from particles in the lung and the subsequent excretion or translocation of the daughters to other organs. The emanation mechanisms are recoil of the daughter nuclei from the particle during alpha decay of the parent, diffusion of inert gas daughters from the particle and dissolution of the particle itself in biological fluids. Experiments to evaluate these mechanisms will involve ThO 2 and UO 2 particles in the size range 0.1 to 1.0 μm MMAD uniformly labeled with 232 U. The influence of the material temperature history on emanation will be investigated by heat treating particles at 600 and 1400 0 C

  12. Measurement of Fragment Mass Distributions in Neutron-induced Fission of 238U and 232Th at Intermediate Energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Simutkin, V.D.

    2008-01-01

    Conceptual analysis of accelerator-driven systems assumes extensive use of nuclear data on neutron-induced reactions at intermediate energies. In particular, information about the fission fragment yields from the 238 U(n,f) and 232 Th(n,f) reactions is of particular interest at neutron energies from 10 to 200 MeV. However, there is a lack of such data for both 238 U and 232 Th. Up to now, the intermediate energy measurements have been performed for 238 U only, and there are no data for the 232 Th(n,f) reaction. The aim of the work is to provide such data. Fission fragment mass distributions for the 232 Th(n,f) and 238 U(n,f) reactions have been measured for the incident neutron energies 32.8 MeV, 45.3 MeV and 59.9 MeV. The experiments have been performed at the neutron beam facility of the Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. A multi-section Frisch-gridded ionization chamber has been used as a fission fragment detector. The data obtained have been interpreted in terms of the multimodal random neck-rupture model (MMRNRM). (authors)

  13. Dicty_cDB: SLE232 [Dicty_cDB

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available SL (Link to library) SLE232 (Link to dictyBase) - - - Contig-U16255-1 SLE232F (Link... to Original site) SLE232F 614 - - - - - - Show SLE232 Library SL (Link to library) Clone ID SLE232 (Link to dict...yBase) Atlas ID - NBRP ID - dictyBase ID - Link to Contig Contig-U16255-1 Original site URL http://dict...PSSGFTDFIPSNATCSSLNCNAQQMSCKYVQQACHETSCCPDIPQC QIPATGGGPATGSATGQGTSGGTPGSCDKVNCPNGYICTIVNQLAVCVSPSSSSSSSSST ...CHETSCCPDIPQC QIPATGGGPATGSATGQGTSGGTPGSCDKVNCPNGYICTIVNQLAVCVSPSSSSSSSSST TGSHTTTGGSTTGSHTTTGGSTTGSHTTTGGSA

  14. 232-Th and 238-U radioactive contaminations of sediments along the South China Sea of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia by INAA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khadijeh Rezaee Ebrahim Saraee; Elias Saion; Naghavi, K.

    2009-01-01

    The concentrations of 232 Th and 238 U were determined in 30 sediment samples, collected from the South China Sea bed of the east coast peninsular Malaysia. The samples were dried in an oven for 10 days at 65 C and stored in polyethylene bottles for future analysis. INAA used to analyse surficial sediments. The 232 Th and 238 U activities in surficial sediments determined. These activities increased from 14.02 to 30.17 Bq Kg -1 and from 47.49 to 113.69 Bq Kg -1 for 232 Th and 238 U , respectively. Results show diffuse distribution of 232 Th and 238 U actinides in studied area. The Th/Sc and U/Sc ratios of the suricial sediments have same distribution and the highest their values are in station EC12. The radioactive contamination of the investigated sector is compared with the results obtained of other coastal sediments of Malaysia. Results show activity contamination in coastal sediments of the South China Sea is lower than the Straits of Malacca and is the same with the Straits of Johor. (Author)

  15. The status of 232Th and 233U for CENDL-3.0

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Ping

    2003-01-01

    The new version CENDL-3.0 of China: Evaluated nuclear data library has been updated, and contains about 200 nuclides. Among them, the data of following nuclides have been newly evaluated or reevaluated: fissile nuclides 15, structure materials 18, light nuclides 3, fission products 116. The 232 Th and 233 U are newly evaluated

  16. (232)Th(d,4n)(230)Pa cross-section measurements at ARRONAX facility for the production of (230)U.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duchemin, C; Guertin, A; Haddad, F; Michel, N; Métivier, V

    2014-05-01

    (226)Th (T1/2=31 min) is a promising therapeutic radionuclide since results, published in 2009, showed that it induces leukemia cells death and activates apoptosis pathways with higher efficiencies than (213)Bi. (226)Th can be obtained via the (230)U α decay. This study focuses on the (230)U production using the (232)Th(d,4n)(230)Pa(β-)(230)U reaction. Experimental cross sections for deuteron-induced reactions on (232)Th were measured from 30 down to 19 MeV using the stacked-foil technique with beams provided by the ARRONAX cyclotron. After irradiation, all foils (targets as well as monitors) were measured using a high-purity germanium detector. Our new (230)Pa cross-section values, as well as those of (232)Pa and (233)Pa contaminants created during the irradiation, were compared with previous measurements and with results given by the TALYS code. Experimentally, same trends were observed with slight differences in orders of magnitude mainly due to the nuclear data change. Improvements are ongoing about the TALYS code to better reproduce the data for deuteron-induced reactions on (232)Th. Using our cross-section data points from the (232)Th(d,4n)(230)Pa reaction, we have calculated the thick-target yield of (230)U, in Bq/μA·h. This value allows now to a full comparison between the different production routes, showing that the proton routes must be preferred. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Collective and single-particle excitations in the heavy deformable nuclei 234U, 233U, 231Th, 230Pa and 232Pa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kotthaus, Tanja

    2010-01-01

    In this thesis five heavy deformed isotopes from the mass region A≥230, namely 234 U, 233 U, 231 Th, 230 Pa and 232 Pa, were investigated by means of deuteron-induced neutron transfer reactions. The even-even isotope 234 U has been studied with the 4π-γ-spectrometer MINIBALL at the Cologne Tandem accelerator. Excited nuclei in the isotope 234 U were produced using the reaction 235 U(d,t) at a beam energy of 11 MeV. The target thickness was 3.5 mg/cm 2 . The analysis of the γγ-coincidence data yielded a reinterpretation of the level scheme in 12 cases. Considering its decay characteristics, the 4 + state at an excitation energy of 1886.7 keV is a potential candidate for a two-phonon vibrational state. The isotopes 233 U, 231 Th, 230 Pa and 232 Pa were investigated at the Munich Q3D spectrometer. For each isotope an angular distribution with angles between 5 and 45 were measured. In all four cases the energy of the polarized deuteron beam (vector polarization of 80%) was 22 MeV. As targets 234 U (160 μg/cm 2 ), 230 Th (140 μg/cm 2 ) and 231 Pa (140 μg/cm 2 ) were used. The experimental angular distributions were compared to results of DWBA calculations. For the odd isotope 233 U spin and parity for 33 states are assigned and in the other odd isotope 231 Th 22 assignments are made. The excitation spectra of the two odd-odd isotopes 230 Pa and 232 Pa were investigated for the first time. For the isotope 230 Pa 63 states below an excitation energy of 1.5 MeV are identified. Based on the new experimental data the Nilsson configuration of the ground state is either 1/2[530] p -5/2[633] n or 1/2[530] p +3/2[631] n . In addition 12 rotational bands are proposed and from this six values for the GM splitting energy are deduced as well as two new values for the Newby shift. In the other odd-odd isotope 232 Pa 40 states below an excitation energy of 850 keV are observed and suggestions for the groundstate band and its GM partner are made. From this one GM splitting

  18. Measurement of Fragment Mass Distributions in Neutron-induced Fission of {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th at Intermediate Energies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Simutkin, V.D. [Uppsala University, P.O Box 525, SE-751 20 Uppsala (Sweden)

    2008-07-01

    Conceptual analysis of accelerator-driven systems assumes extensive use of nuclear data on neutron-induced reactions at intermediate energies. In particular, information about the fission fragment yields from the {sup 238}U(n,f) and {sup 232}Th(n,f) reactions is of particular interest at neutron energies from 10 to 200 MeV. However, there is a lack of such data for both {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th. Up to now, the intermediate energy measurements have been performed for {sup 238}U only, and there are no data for the {sup 232}Th(n,f) reaction. The aim of the work is to provide such data. Fission fragment mass distributions for the {sup 232}Th(n,f) and {sup 238}U(n,f) reactions have been measured for the incident neutron energies 32.8 MeV, 45.3 MeV and 59.9 MeV. The experiments have been performed at the neutron beam facility of the Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. A multi-section Frisch-gridded ionization chamber has been used as a fission fragment detector. The data obtained have been interpreted in terms of the multimodal random neck-rupture model (MMRNRM). (authors)

  19. 49 CFR 232.13 - Preemptive effect.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Preemptive effect. 232.13 Section 232.13 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES General § 232.13 Preemptive effect. (a) Under 49 U.S.C. 20106, issuance of...

  20. Quantification of {sup 232}Th, {sup 234}U, {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U in river mollusks by magnetic sector mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (Icp-SFMS); Cuantificacion de {sup 232}Th, {sup 234}U, {sup 235}U y {sup 238}U en moluscos de rios por espectrometria de masas de sector magnetico con fuente de plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-SFMS)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Arevalo R, D. L.; Hernandez M, H.; Romero G, E. T.; Lara A, N. [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Alfaro de la T, M. C., E-mail: arevalo0591@hotmail.com [Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Dr. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP (Mexico)

    2016-09-15

    The present work deals with the methodology established for the quantification of {sup 232}Th, {sup 234}U, {sup 238}U and {sup 235}U in the shell of gastropod mollusks collected in the rivers Valles, Coy and Axtla of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, which belong to the Panuco River basin; these rivers have as main source of pollution the discharge of municipal sewage, waste from small industries, agricultural and cattle residues and from natural sources. Conventional methods for measuring radio-nuclides are confronted with certain conditions related to the requirement in measurement, basically in the characterization that is related to the concepts of precision and accuracy. The analysis of the gastropod mollusk shell was performed by the Icp-SFMS technique; the main advantages of this technique lie in the isotope quantification capacity, the high precision and the low limits of detection, in this study are very important because these elements are in concentrations between ppb and ppt. This technique allowed the analysis of the samples having a complex matrix by the presence CaCO{sub 3} minimizing the interferences thanks to the ionization efficiency of the Ar plasma. For the species Pachychilus monachus were found concentrations of {sup 232}Th of 0.16-5.37 μg/g and of total U of 0.101-4.081 μg/g being this species where the highest values of total U were found. For Thiara (melanoids) tuberculata the lowest values were found among the different species ({sup 232}Th 0.61-3.61 μg/g and total U 0.006-0.042 μg/g), for Pachychilus suturalis, values of {sup 232}Th of 0.58-6.4 μg/g and for Pachychilus sp. were found between 0.26-7.62 μg/g and for total U values between 0.28-3.33 μg/g. The method offers several advantages: speed, good precision, low values of quantification limits and high sensitivity in the measurement of radio-nuclides and heavy metals. (Author)

  1. Development of Indian cross section data files for Th-232 and U-233 and integral validation studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ganesan, S.

    1988-01-01

    This paper presents an overview of the tasks performed towards the development of Indian cross section data files for Th-232 and U-233. Discrepancies in various neutron induced reaction cross sections in various available evaluated data files have been obtained by processing the basic data into multigroup form and intercomparison of the latter. Interesting results of integral validation studies for capture, fission and (n,2n) cross sections for Th-232 by analyses of selected integral measurements are presented. In the resonance range, energy regions where significant differences in the calculated self-shielding factors for Th-232 occur have been identified by a comparison of self-shielded multigroup cross sections derived from two recent evaluated data files, viz., ENDF/B-V (Rev.2) and JENDL-2, for several dilutions and temperatures. For U-233, the three different basic data files ENDF/B-IV, JENDL-2 and ENDL-84 were intercompared. Interesting observations on the predictional capability of these files for the criticality of the spherical metal U-233 system are given. The current status of Indian data file is presented. (author) 62 ref

  2. Neutron induced fission cross sections for 232Th, 235,238U, 237Np, and 239Pu

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lisowski, P.W.; Ullmann, J.L.; Balestrini, S.J.; Hill, N.W.; Carlson, A.D.; Wasson, O.A.

    1989-01-01

    Neutron-induced fission cross section ratios for samples of 232 Th, 235,238 U, 237 Np and 239 Pu have been measured from 1 to 400 MeV. The fission reaction rate was determined for all samples simultaneously using a fast parallel plate ionization chamber at a 20-m flight path. A well characterized annular proton recoil telescope was used to measure the neutron fluence from 3 to 30 MeV. Those data provided the shape of the 235 U(n,f) cross section relative to the hydrogen scattering cross section. That shape was then normalized to the very accurately known value for 235 U(n,f) at 14.178 MeV. From 30 to 400 MeV cross section values were determined using the neutron fluence measured with a plastic scintillator. Cross section values of 232 Th, 235,238 U, 237 Np and 239 Pu were computed from the ratio data using the authors' values for 235 U(n,f). In addition to providing new results at high neutron energies, these data highlight several areas of deficiency in the evaluated nuclear data files and provide new information for the 235 U(n,f) standard

  3. Standard practice for the determination of 237Np, 232Th, 235U and 238U in urine by inductively coupled plasma-Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gamma ray spectrometry.

    CERN Document Server

    American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia

    2005-01-01

    1.1 This practice covers the separation and preconcentration of neptunium-237 (237Np), thorium-232 (232Th), uranium-235 (235U) and uranium-238 (238U) from urine followed by quantitation using ICP-MS. 1.2 This practice can be used to support routine bioassay programs. The minimum detectable concentrations (MDC) for this method, taking the preconcentration factor into account, are approximately 1E-2Bq for 237Np (0.38ng), 2E-6Bq for 232Th (0.50ng), 4E-5Bq for 235U (0.50ng) and 6E-6Bq for 238U (0.48ng). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  4. Annex 3 - Testing the microstructure of the fuel element with metal uranium with aluminium cladding; Prilog 3 - Ispitivanje mikrostrukture gorivnog elementa na bazi metalnog urana sa aluminijumskom kosuljicom

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Milosevic, S; Momcilovic, I [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

    1961-12-15

    Based on the uranium microstructure in the fuel element, i.e. grain size, presence of other phases, porosity and the position of metal connections, some data could be obtained about the mechanical and thermal treatment of the uranium during fuel element fabrication. The mentioned characteristics could indicate the behaviour of the fuel under reactor operating conditions taking into account its stable dimensions and roughness of its surfaces. Na osnovu mikrostrukture urana u gorivnom elementu, odnosno velicine i oblika njegovih kristalnih zrna, prisustva drugih faza, pozoziteta kao i rasporeda metalnih ukljucaka, mogu se dobiti izvesni podaci o tome koje je postupke mehanickog i termickog tretiranja pretrpeo uran u pripremi za gorivni elemenat. Prethodne karakteristike takodje mogu da daju predstavu o tome kako ce se gorivo ponasati u uslovima rada reaktora, s obzirom na njegovu dimenzionu stabilnost i ogrubljivanje njegove povrsine (author)

  5. Environmental 238U and 232Th concentration measurements in an area of high level natural background radiation at Palong, Johor, Malaysia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramli, A Termizi; Hussein, A Wahab M A; Wood, A Khalik

    2005-01-01

    Concentrations of uranium-238 and thorium-232 in soil, water, grass, moss and oil-palm fruit samples collected from an area of high background radiation were determined using neutron activation analysis (NAA). U-238 concentration in soil ranged from 4.9 mg kg(-1) (58.8 Bq kg(-1)) to 40.4 mg kg(-1) (484.8 Bq kg(-1)), Th-232 concentration ranged from 14.9 mg kg(-1) (59.6 Bq kg(-1)) to 301.0 mg kg(-1) (1204 Bq kg(-1)). The concentration of U-238 in grass samples ranged from below the detection limit to 0.076 mg kg(-1) (912 mBq kg(-1)), and Th-232 ranged from 0.008 mg kg(-1) (32 mBq kg(-1)) to 0.343 mg kg(-1) (1.372 Bq kg(-1)). U-238 content in water samples ranged from 0.33 mg kg(-1) (4.0 Bq L(-1)) to 1.40 mg kg(-1) (16.8 Bq L(-1)), and Th-232 ranged from 0.19 mg kg(-1) (0.76 Bq L(-1)) to 0.66 mg kg(-1) (2.64 Bq L(-1)). It can be said that the concentrations of environmental U-238 and Th-232 in grass and water samples in the study area are insignificant. Mosses were found to be possible bio-radiological indicators due to their high absorption of the heavy radioelements from the environment.

  6. Preparation of Uranium Dioxide by Electrochemical Reduction in Ammonium Carbonate Solutions and Subsequent Precipitation; Preparation de bioxyde d'uranium par reduction electrochimique dans des solutions de carbonate d'ammonium et precipitation; Prigotovlenie dvuokisi urana metodom ehlektrokhimicheskogo vosstanovleniya v rastvore karbonata ammoniya s posleduyushchim osazhdeniem; Preparacion de dioxido de uranio por reduccion electroquimica en soluciones de carbonato amonico u precipitacion subsiguiente

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pravdic, V.; Branica, M.; Pucar, Z. [Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Serbia)

    1963-11-15

    dvumya 50-litrovymi rezervuarami i podavalsya k intensivno peremeshivaemomu rtutnomu katodu. Rabochij potentsial rtuti proveryalsya po ehlektrodu sravneniya Ag/AgCl/KCl (Sat.). Potentsial podderzhivalsya postoyannogo znacheniya - 1,5 vol't. Proizvoditel'nost' po toku byla okolo 90%, dlya protsessa vosstanovleniya potreblyaemaya ehnergiya sostavlyala okolo 0,8 kvt-chas/kg dvuokisi urana. Po okonchanii ehlektroliza osazhdenie initsiirovali tol'ko pri pomoshchi nagreva temnozelenogo, prozrachnogo rastvora do temperatury 70 deg. C v spetsial'nom steklyannom sosude ob''emom 60 1. Iz 50 1 katalicheskogo rastvora poluchili 1 kg tsentrifugirovannogo produkta (soderzhanie vody okolo 20%). Kulonometricheskij analiz otnosheniya O/U daval vsegda rezul'taty, lezhashchie v predelakh ot 2,04 do 2,0. Opisannym sposobom gidrookis' urana (IV) osazhdaetsya selektivno. Ustanovleno, chto otnoshenie O/U v osadke ne zavisit ot polnoty vosstanovleniya. Pri pomoshchi rentgenoskopii produkt identifitsirovan kak al'fa-faza dvuokisi urana. Opyty po spekaniyu i kharakteristike poluchennoj takim obrazom dvuokisi urana, prigodnoj dlya keramicheskogo yadernogo topliva, prodolzhayutsya. (author)

  7. {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th concentrations in various foodstuffs in Morocco and resulting radiation doses to the members of the public; Concentrations en {sup 238}U et {sup 232}Th dans differents aliments au Maroc et doses de radiations en resultant pour les membres du public

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Misdaq, M.A.; Elamyn, H.; Erramli, H. [Cadi Ayyad Univ., Nuclear Physics and Techniques Lab., Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech (Morocco)

    2008-04-15

    Uranium ({sup 238}U) and thorium ({sup 232}Th) concentrations were measured in different foods widely consumed in Morocco by using C.R.-39 and L.R.-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (S.S.N.T.D.). Data obtained were compared to those obtained by using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (I.D.M.S.). Total daily intakes of {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th for a typical food basket were estimated to be 1.3 {+-} 0.1 mBq d{sup -1} and 0.98 {+-} 0.08 mBq d{sup -1}, 1.4 {+-} 0.1 mBq d{sup -1} and 1.06 {+-} 0.08 mBq d{sup -1}, 1.7 {+-} 0.1 mBq d{sup -1} and 1.26 {+-} 0.08 mBq d{sup -1} and 2.0 {+-} 0.1 mBq d{sup -1} and 1.5 {+-} 0.1 Bq d{sup -1} for the 2-7 years, 7-12 years, 12-17 years and adult's age groups, respectively. Alpha-activities due to annual {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th intakes from the ingestion of the studied foodstuffs were determined in different organs and tissues of the human body of members of the public by using the ICRP gastrointestinal tract and systemic part models for these radionuclides. Committed equivalent doses due to annual intakes of {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th were evaluated in the human body organs and tissues for different age groups of the Moroccan population by exploiting data obtained for alpha-doses deposited by 1 Bq of {sup 238}U and 1 Bq of {sup 232}Th in the considered human organs and tissues. The influence of the mass of the target tissue and activities due to {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th on the committed equivalent doses due to annual intakes of these radionuclides in the organs and tissues of the human body was studied. (authors)

  8. A dispersive optical model potential for nucleon induced reactions on 238U and 232Th nuclei with full coupling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chiba Satoshi

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available A dispersive coupled-channel optical model potential (DCCOMP that couples the ground-state rotational and low-lying vibrational bands of 238U and 232Th nuclei is studied. The derived DCCOMP couples almost all excited levels below 1 MeV of excitation energy of the corresponding even-even actinides. The ground state, octupole, beta, gamma, and non-axial bands are coupled. The first two isobar analogue states (IAS populated in the quasi-elastic (p,n reaction are also coupled in the proton induced calculation, making the potential approximately Lane consistent. The coupled-channel potential is based on a soft-rotor description of the target nucleus structure, where dynamic vibrations are considered as perturbations of the rigid rotor underlying structure. Matrix elements required to use the proposed structure model in Tamura coupled-channel scheme are derived. Calculated ratio R(U238/Th232 of the total cross-section difference to the averaged σT for 238U and 232Th nuclei is shown to be in excellent agreement with measured data.

  9. Mass dependence of azimuthal asymmetry in the fission of 232Th and 233,235,236,238U by polarized photons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Denyak, V.V.; Khvastunov, V.M.; Paschuk, S.A.; Schelin, H.R.

    2013-01-01

    Fission of the even-even nuclei 232 Th, 236,238 U and even-odd nuclei 233,235 U by linearly polarized photons has been studied at excitation energies in the region of a giant dipole resonance. The performed investigations unambiguously showed the existence of the fragment mass dependence of the cross section azimuthal asymmetry in the photofission of 236 U and 238 U. In addition, the obtained results provided the first evidence for the possible difference between the asymmetry values in asymmetric and symmetric mass distribution regions in the case of 236 U. The measured cross section azimuthal asymmetry of the fission of 232 Th does not show any fragment mass dependence. In the even-odd nuclei 233 U and 235 U the difference between the far-asymmetric and other mass distribution regions was also observed but with the statistical uncertainty not small enough for definitive conclusion. (orig.)

  10. High-resolution photofission measurements in 238U and 232Th. Progress report, June 1, 1980-February 10, 1981

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lancman, H.

    1981-02-01

    Intense proton beam currents from the Dynamitron at Brooklyn College have been used to generate gamma rays of variable energy from a number of (p,γ) resonances in various nuclei. Spectra of photofission fragments of 238 U and 232 Th have been measured with an average gamma ray energy resolution of approx. 300 eV. Structure in the photofission cross section of 232 Th was observed at approx. 6176 keV

  11. Mechanism of 232U production in MTR fuel evolution of activity in reprocessed uranium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Harbonnier, G.; Lelievre, B.; Fanjas, Y.; Naccache, S.J.P.

    1993-01-01

    The use of reprocessed uranium for research reactor fuel fabrication implies to keep operators safe from the hard gamma rays emitted by 232 U daughter products. CERCA has carried out, with the help of French CEA and COGEMA, a detailed study to determine the evolution of the radiation dose rate associated with the use of this material. (author)

  12. Possible viscosity effects in neutron-induced fission of 232Th and 238U

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gindler, J.E.; Glendenin, L.E.; Wilkins, B.D.

    1979-01-01

    Fission yields induced in the 238 U(n,f) and 232 Th(n,f) reactions were determined as a function of incident neutron energy (E/sub n/). The ratio of 115 Cd-to- 140 Ba yields as a function of E/sub n/ is analyzed by means of the equation Y 1 /Y 2 = exp[2(a 1 (E/sub n/+E 1 )/sup 1/2/ -2(a 2 (E/sub n/+E 2 )/sup 1/2/] to give values of a/sub i/, the level density parameter, and E/sub i/, the excitation energy for E/sub n/=0. The energies E/sub i/ are interpreted on the basis of the liquid drop model with shell and pairing corrections. Values are deduced for the energy dissipated by viscosity effects in the descent from the saddle point to the point where masses are fixed in the fissioning nucleus. These values are 1.7 MeV for 232 Th(n,f) and 4.8 MeV for 238 U(n,f). These values are consistent with the experimental observation that anti ν/sub p/ is approx. 0.6 neutron greater for 239 U fission than for 233 Th fission and that strong odd--even (nucleon pairing) effects are found in the fragment total kinetic energy distribution for 230 Th fission but not for 234 U fission. The low dissipation energy values together with the low values of pre-scission kinetic energy deduced by Guet, et al., [Nucl. Phys. A134 (1971)1] indicate a shorter path from the saddle point of the fissioning nucleus to scission than is generally assumed in theoretical calculations. 31 references

  13. Uranium-Based Cermet Alloys; Cermets a base d'uranium; Metallokeramicheskie splavy na osnove urana; Cermets a base de uranio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ivanov, V. E.; Zelenskij, V. F.; Voloshchuk, A. I.; Grishok, V. N. [Fiziko-Tekhnicheskij Institut an USSR, Khar' kov, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1963-11-15

    The paper describes certain features of dispersion-hardened uranium-based cermets. As possible hardening materials, consideration was given to UO{sub 2}, UC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, MgO and UBe{sub 13}. Data were obtained on the behaviour of uranium alloys containing the above-mentioned admixtures during creep tests, short-term strength tests and cyclic thermal treatment. The corrosion resistance o f UBe{sub 13}-based uranium alloys was also studied. )author) [French] Les auteurs decrivent certaines proprietes de cermets a base d'uranium, dont la resistance a ete accrue a l'aide de particules dispersees. Les materiaux utilises a cette fin sont notamment: UO{sub 2}, UC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, MgO et UBe{sub 13}. Les auteurs indiquent les donnees obtenues sur le comportement des cermets a l'uranium; durant les essais de fluage, les essais de resistance a court terme et le traitement thermique cyclique, en mentionnant les substances ajoutees. Ils etudient enfin la resistance a la corrosion des cermets d'uranium et UBe{sub 13}. (author) [Spanish] Los autores describen algunas propiedades de los cermets a base de uranio, reforzados por particulas de diversos compuestos en dispersion. En calidad de posibles materiales de refuerzo, ensayaron el UO{sub 2}, el UC, el Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, el MgO y el UBe{sub 13}. Obtuvieron datos sobre el comportamiento de esas aleaciones en ensayos de fluencia, ensayoe rapidos de resistencia y tratamiento termico ciclico. Por ultimo, estudiaron la resistencia a la corrosion de las aleaciones de uranio a base de UBe{sub 13}. (author) [Russian] Daetsya opisanie nekotorykh svojstv metallokeramicheskikh splavov urana, uprochnennykh dispersionnymi chastitsami. V kachestve vozmozhnykh uprochnyayushchikh materialov izuchalis' UO{sub 2}, UC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} , MgO i UBe{sub 13}. Polucheny dannye o povedenii splavov urana s ukazannymi primesyami pri kripovykh ispytaniyakh, pri kratkovremennykh prochnostnykh ispytaniyakh i pri tsiklicheskoj termoobrabotke

  14. Quantification of "2"3"2Th, "2"3"4U, "2"3"5U and "2"3"8U in river mollusks by magnetic sector mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (Icp-SFMS)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arevalo R, D. L.; Hernandez M, H.; Romero G, E. T.; Lara A, N.; Alfaro de la T, M. C.

    2016-09-01

    The present work deals with the methodology established for the quantification of "2"3"2Th, "2"3"4U, "2"3"8U and "2"3"5U in the shell of gastropod mollusks collected in the rivers Valles, Coy and Axtla of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, which belong to the Panuco River basin; these rivers have as main source of pollution the discharge of municipal sewage, waste from small industries, agricultural and cattle residues and from natural sources. Conventional methods for measuring radio-nuclides are confronted with certain conditions related to the requirement in measurement, basically in the characterization that is related to the concepts of precision and accuracy. The analysis of the gastropod mollusk shell was performed by the Icp-SFMS technique; the main advantages of this technique lie in the isotope quantification capacity, the high precision and the low limits of detection, in this study are very important because these elements are in concentrations between ppb and ppt. This technique allowed the analysis of the samples having a complex matrix by the presence CaCO_3 minimizing the interferences thanks to the ionization efficiency of the Ar plasma. For the species Pachychilus monachus were found concentrations of "2"3"2Th of 0.16-5.37 μg/g and of total U of 0.101-4.081 μg/g being this species where the highest values of total U were found. For Thiara (melanoids) tuberculata the lowest values were found among the different species ("2"3"2Th 0.61-3.61 μg/g and total U 0.006-0.042 μg/g), for Pachychilus suturalis, values of "2"3"2Th of 0.58-6.4 μg/g and for Pachychilus sp. were found between 0.26-7.62 μg/g and for total U values between 0.28-3.33 μg/g. The method offers several advantages: speed, good precision, low values of quantification limits and high sensitivity in the measurement of radio-nuclides and heavy metals. (Author)

  15. Measurement of fast neutron induced fission cross sections of 232Th, 238U, 237Np and 243Am

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kanda, Kazutaka; Sato, Osamu; Yoshida, Kazuo; Imaruoka, Hiromitsu; Terayama, Hiromichi; Yoshida, Masashi; Hirakawa, Naohiro

    1984-01-01

    Neutron induced fission cross sections of 232 Th, 238 U, 237 Np and 243 Am relative to 235 U were measured in the energy range from 1.5 to 6.6 MeV. The present results are compared with experimental results of others and evaluated data in JENDL-2 and ENDF/B-IV. (author)

  16. Transfer of 210Po, 210Pb and 238U from some medicinal plants to their essential oils

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Masri, M.S.; Amin, Y.; Ibrahim, S.; Nassri, M.

    2015-01-01

    Essential oils were extracted from 35 medicinal plants used by Syrians, organic compounds were determined in these oils and concentrations of 210 Po 210 Pb and 238 U were determined in the original plants and in the essential oils. The results showed that the highest activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb were found in leaves with large surfaces and in Sage were as high as 73.5 Bq kg −1 and 73.2 Bq kg −1 , respectively. The activity concentration of 238 U was as high as 4.26 Bq kg −1 in Aloe. On the other hand, activity concentrations of 210 Po ranged between 0.2 and 71.1 Bq kg −1 in extracted essential oils for Rosemary and False yellowhead, respectively. The activity concentration of 210 Pb reached 63.7 Bq kg −1 in Aloe oil. The activity concentrations of 238 U were very low in all extracted oils; the highest value was 0.31 Bq kg −1 in peel of Orange oil. The transfer of 210 Po and 210 Pb from plant to its oil was the highest for Eugenia; 7.1% and 5.5% for 210 Po and 210 Pb, respectively. A linear relationship was found between the transfer factor of radionuclides from plant to its essential oil and the chemical content of this oil. - Highlights: • Natural radionuclides 210 Po, 210 Pb and 238 U were determined in 35 medicinal plants and their essential oils. • The highest activity concentration of 210 Po and 210 Pb were 73.5 Bq kg −1 and 73.2 Bq kg −1 in Sage, respectively. • The transfer of 210 Po and 210 Pb from Eugenia plant to its oil was the highest amongst other plants. • The data obtained in this study can be considered the first reported data for medicinal plants and their oils in Syria

  17. Estimation of radionuclide concentration of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th in air in Wuhan city

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shi Jinhua; Chen Changhua

    1989-01-01

    The concentrations of 238 U, 226 Ra and 232 Th in air in Wuhan area were estimated by assuming that they originate from resuspended particles of soil and investigating the dust content in air and the concentrations of these radionuclides in soil. 60 soil samples were collected from April to October, 1984, and 7346 air dust samples during 1981-1985. The estimated mean air concentrations of 238 U, 226 Ra and 232 Th were 24.0 x 10 -9 , 18.9 x 10 -9 and 28.7 x 10 -9 , Bq/L, respectively. Their highest values were observed of 30.4 x 10 -9 , 23.9 x 10 -9 and 36.2 x 10 -9 Bq/L in 1983. Seasonal change of the concentrations was clear as shown in the data of 1984 and 1985, which was related to the meterological conditions. Among the 6 districts of Wuhan city, the highest concentration was in Qingshan and the lowest in Wuchang

  18. Measurement of neutron-induced fission cross-sections of Th232, U238, U233 and Np237 relative to U235 from 1 MeV to 200 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shcherbakov, O.A.; Laptev, A.B.; Petrov, G.A. [Petersburg Nuclear Physics Inst., Gatchina, Leningrad district (Russian Federation); Fomichev, A.V.; Donets, A.Y.; Osetrov, O.I.

    1998-11-01

    The measurements of neutron-induced cross-section ratios for Th232, U238, U233 and Np237 relative to U235 have been carried out in the energy range from 1 MeV up to 200 MeV using the neutron time-of-flight spectrometer GNEIS based on 1 GeV proton synchrocyclotron. Below 20 MeV, the results of present measurements are roughly in agreement with evaluated data though there are some discrepances to be resolved. (author)

  19. Bioaccumulation of polonium ({sup 210}Po) and uranium ({sup 234}U, {sup 238}U) in plants around phosphogypsum waste heap in Wislinka (northern Poland)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Borylo, A.; Skwarzec, B. [Gdansk Univ. (Poland). Faculty of Chemistry

    2011-07-01

    In the study the activities of polonium {sup 210}Po and uranium {sup 234}U, {sup 238}U in plants, collected near phosphogypsum waste heap in Wis'linka (northern Poland), were determined by using the alpha spectrometry. The obtained results revealed that the concentrations of {sup 210}Po, {sup 234}U, and {sup 238}U in the analyzed plants were differentiated. In the analyzed flora organisms the highest amounts of polonium and uranium were found in ruderal plant samples as well as willow samples (Salix viminalis) from protection zone of phosphogypsum waste heap. The concentrations of {sup 210}Po, {sup 234}U and {sup 238}U in the analyzed plants were higher in roots than in green parts of plants. The higher concentrations of {sup 210}Po and {sup 238}U radionuclides were estimated for hydrophyte (common sedge Carex nigra Reichard), the favourite habitat of which is particularly wet meadow and for plants collected in the vicinity of phosphogypsum waste heap. The major source of polonium and uranium in analyzed plants is root system. The values of {sup 234}U/ {sup 238}U activity ratio in all analyzed plants are closed to one, what indicated that source of uranium in analyzed plants is phosphogypsum. The highest uranium and polonium concentrations were characterized for plants, which are covered with tomentose. The comparability polonium and uranium contents were confirmed in edible plants, but higher accumulation was determined in ripe species than immature species of vegetables. The higher polonium and uranium concentrations were noticed in green parts of plant, the lower in roots. Polonium concentration in cultivated plants samples was not species diverse. Therefore, the significant source of polonium and uranium in analyzed plants is wet and dry atmospheric falls gathering the soil and air dust from phosphogypsum waste dump. The maximum {sup 210}Po and {sup 238}U radionuclides concentrations were found in green parts of red beet (Beta vulgaris esculenta), the

  20. Dietary 232Th and 238U intakes for Japanese as obtained in a market basket study and contributions of imported foods to internal doses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shiraishi, K.

    1995-01-01

    Thorium-232 and 238 U contents in four food groups were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Daily intakes of 232 Th and 238 U for Japanese were estimated to 2.22 mBq and 15.5 mBq per person, respectively. Furthermore, preliminary estimations were made for the effects of imported foods on internal exposures for Japanese. (author). 16 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs

  1. Comparison of activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in different Layers of subsurface Structures in Dei-Dei and Kubwa, Abuja, northcentral Nigeria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maxwell, Omeje; Wagiran, Husin; Ibrahim, Noorddin; Lee, Siak Kuan; Sabri, Soheil

    2013-01-01

    The study of activity concentration of 232 Th, 238 U and 40 K of rock samples from site one (S1L1–S1L11, 70 m) and site two (S2L1–S2L9, 60 m) boreholes in Dei-Dei and Kubwa was presented and the first time in the region to be compared. Activity concentrations were analysed using a high resolution co-axial HPGe gamma ray spectrometer system. The activity concentration ranges in site one borehole were from 45±1 to 98±6 Bq kg −1 for 232 Th, from 18±2 to 37±4 Bq kg −1 for 238 U and from 254 ±32 Bq kg −1 to 1195 ±151 Bq kg −1 for 40 K. The activity concentration ranges in site two borehole were from 32±3 to 84±7 Bq kg −1 for 232 Th, from 15±2 to 52±5 Bq kg −1 for 238 U and from 119±15 to 705±94 for 40 K Bq kg −1 . Significantly higher concentration of 232 Th and 238 U occurs in samples collected from S1L7, S1L11 and S2L1 layers. These zones experienced granitic intrusions produced by denudation and tectonism. 40 K in rock samples of S1L4 and S2L4 activity concentrations is close; it could be that biotite granitic intrusion that is inferred as the formation in that layer reflects the same activity of potassium in rock's radioactivity measurement. The area requires further investigation of soil geochemistry and activity concentration of radionuclides in groundwater. - Highlights: • Activity concentration of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K was noted high. • The two boreholes show significant different concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K. • The Th/U ratio was high in both, but distinctly higher in first borehole. • 232 Th was increasing with depth in site one almost 100%. • The radiological monitoring on groundwater is recommended

  2. Mass dependence of azimuthal asymmetry in the fission of {sup 232}Th and {sup 233,235,236,238}U by polarized photons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Denyak, V.V. [National Science Center ' ' Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology' ' , Kharkiv (Ukraine); Pele Pequeno Principe Research Institute, Curitiba (Brazil); Khvastunov, V.M. [National Science Center ' ' Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology' ' , Kharkiv (Ukraine); Paschuk, S.A. [Federal University of Technology - Parana, Curitiba (Brazil); Schelin, H.R. [Federal University of Technology - Parana, Curitiba (Brazil); Pele Pequeno Principe Research Institute, Curitiba (Brazil)

    2013-04-15

    Fission of the even-even nuclei {sup 232}Th, {sup 236,238}U and even-odd nuclei {sup 233,235}U by linearly polarized photons has been studied at excitation energies in the region of a giant dipole resonance. The performed investigations unambiguously showed the existence of the fragment mass dependence of the cross section azimuthal asymmetry in the photofission of {sup 236}U and {sup 238}U. In addition, the obtained results provided the first evidence for the possible difference between the asymmetry values in asymmetric and symmetric mass distribution regions in the case of {sup 236}U. The measured cross section azimuthal asymmetry of the fission of {sup 232}Th does not show any fragment mass dependence. In the even-odd nuclei {sup 233}U and {sup 235}U the difference between the far-asymmetric and other mass distribution regions was also observed but with the statistical uncertainty not small enough for definitive conclusion. (orig.)

  3. Speciation and behavior of 210Po and 210Pb in the riverine ecosystem of Hemavathi, a major river of south India

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Narayana, Y.; Kaliprasad, C.S.

    2016-01-01

    The human population is exposed to natural background radiation that is contributed by cosmic rays and terrestrial radioactivity, which derive essentially from 238 'U and 232 Th series. In 238 U series, 210 Po and 210 Pb are the final decay products and are extensively present in the environment. About 8% of human population is exposed to the natural radiation contributed by 210 Po and 211 Pb. The main natural source of Polonium in soil is radioactive decay product of 238 U chain or the atmospheric fallout of radon decay products. 210 Po is an alpha emitter (5.3 MeV) with a half-life 138.4 days and has a high radiotoxicity. Therefore 210 Po causes considerably greater biological damage compared to beta emitter 210 Pb. Therefore, it is important to study the concentration of polonium in the aquatic environment. In uranium series, the total effective dose contributed by 222 Rn, 210 Po, 210 Pb and 226 Ra through ground water drinking pathway is 99.75% and all other radionuclides including 238 U contributing only 0.25%. In riverine environment, radionuclides are widely dispersed and their accumulation is influenced by physical, biological and chemical process. In order to understand the behavior of polonium in environment, it is important to analyze the influence of physico chemical parameters like pH, organic matter and granulometric content in soil and sediment. Published data on 210 Po and 210 Pb in aquatic environs are sparse. The present study forms the part of the detailed investigation on the speciation and behavior of these radionuclides in the riverine environment. The paper discusses the detailed studies on the behavior of 210 Po and 211 Pb in soil and sediment samples in the Hemavathi river environment

  4. High resolution photofission measurements in 238U and 232Th. Final report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lancman, H.

    1985-12-01

    A novel technique for measuring the photofission cross section with very high photon energy resolution has been developed. The photons are obtained from selected resonances in the (p,γ) reaction on various light nuclei. The photon energy resolution approaches 200 eV in favorable cases. The photon energy spread at each (p,γ) resonance is approx.20 keV on the average. Measurements of the photo-fission cross sections of 232 Th and 238 U have been carried out in the energy range from 5.8 to 12 MeV. Intermediate structure has been found in both nuclei at excitation energies around 6 MeV. Various properties of this structure, such as average areas of resonances, their spacing, width, and the underlying bakground, as well as the experimental fission probability averaged over the intermediate structure have been found to agree with theoretical predictions based on a double-humped fission barrier. In the case of 232 Th, the feature of this barrier, a rather high first hump and a deep secondary well, are quite different from those predicted by current theoretial barrier calculations. 13 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs

  5. Determination of specific concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in mineral fertilizer samples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcez, Ricardo W.D.; Lopes, Jose M.; Silva, Ademir X.

    2015-01-01

    The use of fertilizer is an established practice worldwide to promote agricultural productivity increased without increasing the planted area, resulting in native forests protection and increase of the food availability. Some kinds of fertilizer have in their chemical composition some radionuclides due the origin of its feedstock, such as 238 U, the 232 Th, and their descendants, beyond 40 K. Knowledge of the radioactivity levels in the environment is great importance to know the gamma radiation dose that the human being is exposed. For identification and quantitation of radionuclides, it was used gamma spectrometry where HPGe detector was used to obtain the spectra, and LabSOCS software for calculating the detection efficiency for each energy. The values of 232 Th specific concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 368.1 Bq.Kg -1 , the values of 238 U specific concentrations ranged from 16.0 to 647.7 Bq.Kg -1 and 40 K specific concentrations ranged from 19.1 to 12713 Bq.Kg -1 . Concentrations of values are consistent with those found in literature. (author)

  6. Study on the formation of fission isomer via 232Th + α reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vianna, D.M.

    1982-01-01

    The formation of fission isomer through 232 Th+α reaction is studied using the distance-recoil method, employing policarbonate MAKROFOL detector. The total isomeric half-life measured has the value T 1/2 = 0.23 ± 0.03 ns and an ratio of formation of isomeric fission relative to prompt fission(σ i /σ p =0.75x10 -5 ). According to the energy of incident particle (Eα = 28 MeV), the cross-sections presented in the literature and the low value found for the total isomeric half-life, we attribute these half-life value to the 234 U isomer (even-even nucleus). The results were compared with those existent in the literature (La69, E170, Re70, Wo70, Po70, Br71) for this isomer. (author) [pt

  7. Natural activities of 40K, 238U and 232Th in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jibiri, N.N.; Ajao, A.O.

    2004-01-01

    Samples of elephant grass collected at some pasturing farmlands across different locations in Ibadan metropolis were analyzed for their natural radioactivity concentrations due to 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th radionuclides. Radioactivity measurements were carried out using γ-ray spectroscopy. The average radioactivity concentration of 40 K was found to be 64.5±8.1 Bq kg -1 , 25.7±5.5 Bq kg -1 for 238 U and 33.4±3.9 Bq kg -1 for 232 Th. The radiological health implication to the population that may result from these values is found to be very low and almost insignificant. No artificial radionuclide, however, was detected in any of the samples, hence, measurements have been taken as representing baseline values of these radionuclides in the grass in the metropolis

  8. The fission cross sections of 230Th, 232Th, 233U, 234U, 236U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu and 242Pu relative 235U at 14.74 MeV neutron energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meadows, J.W.

    1986-12-01

    The measurement of the fission cross section ratios of nine isotopes relative to 235 U at an average neutron energy of 14.74 MeV is described with particular attention to the determination of corrections and to sources of error. The results are compared to ENDF/B-V and to other measurements of the past decade. The ratio of the neutron induced fission cross section for these isotopes to the fission cross section for 235 U are: 230 Th - 0.290 +- 1.9%; 232 Th - 0.191 +- 1.9%; 233 U - 1.132 +- 0.7%; 234 U - 0.998 +- 1.0%; 236 U - 0.791 +- 1.1%; 238 U - 0.587 +- 1.1%; 237 Np - 1.060 +- 1.4%; 239 Pu - 1.152 +- 1.1%; 242 Pu - 0.967 +- 1.0%. 40 refs., 11 tabs., 9 figs

  9. 238U-234U-230Th-232Th systematics and the precise measurement of time over the past 500,000 years

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Edwards, R.L.; Chen, J.H.; Wasserburg, G.J.

    1987-01-01

    We have developed techniques to measure the 230 Th abundance in corals by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. This, coupled with our previous development of mass spectrometric techniques for 234 U and 232 Th measurement, has allowed us to reduce significantly the analytical errors in 238 U- 234 U- 230 Th dating and greatly reduce the sample size. We show that 6x10 8 atoms of 230 Th can be measured to ±30per mille (2 σ) and 2x10 10 atoms of 230 Th to ±2per mille. The time over which useful age data on corals can be obtained ranges from a few years to ≅ 500 ky. The uncertainty in age, based on analytical errors, is ±5 y(2 σ) for a 180 year old coral (3 g), ±44 y at 8294 years and ±1.1 ky at 123.1 ky (250 mg of coral). We also report 232 Th concentrations in corals (0.083-1.57 pmol/g) that are more than two orders of magnitude lower than previous values. Ages with high analytical precision were determined for several corals that grew during high sea level stands ≅ 120 ky ago. These ages lie specifically within or slightly postdate the Milankovitch insolation high at 128 ky and support the idea that the dominant cause of Pleistocene climate change is Milankovitch forcing. (orig.)

  10. Enrichment of {sup 210}Po and {sup 210}Pb in ash samples from oil shale-fired power plants in Estonia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ozden, B. [University of Tartu, Institute of Physics/Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences (Estonia); Vaasma, T.; Kiisk, M.; Suursoo, S.; Tkaczyk, A.H. [University of Tartu,Institute of Physics (Estonia)

    2014-07-01

    Energy production in Estonia is largely dependent on the oil shale industry. Oil shale is a fossil fuel typically characterized by relatively high mineral composition, modest organic fraction (varying between 10 and 65%), high ash content (usually 45% to 50%), and average lower heating value of 8.4 MJ/kg{sup -1}. Oil shale-fired power plants account for 85% of Estonian electricity production and produce up to 6 million tons of oil shale ash annually. This ash contains elevated amounts of natural radionuclides (from the {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th series and {sup 40}K), which were bound to oil shale during its formation. These radionuclides become enriched in ash fractions during the combustion process and are partially emitted to the atmosphere via fly ash and flue gases. Oil shale-fired electricity production is foreseen to remain a dominant trend in Estonia, suggesting that the radionuclide emissions to the atmosphere will continue in the future. The natural radionuclides {sup 210}Po and {sup 210}Pb, with half-lives of 138 days and 22.3 years respectively, originate from the radioactive decay of radionuclides of {sup 238}U series present in the earth's crust. These radionuclides are also built up artificially in the environment due to waste discharge from phosphate, oil, and gas industries, combustion of fossil fuels and other energy production as technically enhanced natural radionuclides. There are few studies on oil shale power plants influence on the levels of natural radioactivity in the surrounding areas. Realo, et al. reported that the annual doses from fly ash depositions over a 30 year period are in the range 90 - 200 μSv a{sup -1}. A study previously initiated by the University of Tartu, Institute of Physics (IPh) evaluated enrichment in the activity concentrations of {sup 238}U, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 210}Pb, {sup 232}Th, {sup 228}Ra and {sup 40}K in ash samples collected from Eesti Power Plant's circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. According

  11. Status of thorium cycle nuclear data evaluations: Comparison of cross-section line shapes of JENDL-3 and ENDF-B-VI files for 230Th, 232Th, 231Pa, 233Pa, 232U, 233U and 234U

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ganesan, S.; McLaughlin, P.K.

    1992-02-01

    Since 1990, one of the most interesting developments in the field of nuclear data for nuclear technology applications is that several new evaluated data files have been finalized and made available to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for distribution to its Member States. Improved evaluated nuclear data libraries such as ENDF/B-VI from the United States and JENDL-3 from Japan were developed over a period of 10-15 years. This report is not an evaluation of the evaluations. The report as presented here gives a first look at the cross section line shapes of the isotopes that are important to the thorium fuel cycle derived from the two recently evaluated data files: JENDL-3 and ENDF/B-VI. The basic evaluated data files JENDL-3 and ENDF/B-VI were point-processed successfully using the codes LINEAR and RECENT. The point data were multigrouped in three different group structures using the GROUPIE code. Graphs of intercomparisons of cross section line shapes of JENDL-3 and ENDF/B-VI are presented in this paper for the following isotopes of major interest to studies of the thorium fuel cycle: 230 Th, 232 Th, 231 Pa, 233 Pa, 232 U, 233 U and 234 U. Comparisons between JENDL-3 and ENDF/B-VI which were performed at the point and group levels show large discrepancies in various cross sections. We conclude this report with a general remark that it is necessary to perform sensitivity studies to assess the impacts of the discrepancies between the two different sets of data on calculated reactor design and safety parameters of specific reactor systems and, based on the results of such sensitivity studies, to undertake new tasks of evaluations. (author). 2 refs, 245 figs, 8 tabs

  12. A comparative study of 232Th and 238U activity estimation in soil samples by gamma spectrometry and Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rekha, A.K.; Anilkumar, S.; Narayani, K.; Babu, D.A.R.

    2012-01-01

    Radioactivity in the environment is mainly due to the naturally occurring radionuclides like uranium, thorium with their daughter products and potassium. Even though Gamma spectrometry is the most commonly used non destructive method for the quantification of these naturally occurring radionuclides, Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), a well established analytical technique, can also be used. But the NAA technique is a time consuming process and needs proper standards, proper sample preparation etc. In this paper, the 232 Th and 238 U activity estimated using gamma ray spectrometry and NAA technique are compared. In the case of direct gamma spectrometry method, the samples were analysed after sealing in a 250 ml container. Whereas for the NAA, about 300 mg of each sample, after irradiation were subjected to gamma spectrometry. The 238 U and 232 Th activities (in Bq/kg) in samples were estimated after the proper efficiency correction and were compared. The estimated activities by these two methods are in good agreement. The variation in 238 U and 232 Th activity values are within ± 15% which are acceptable for environmental samples

  13. Emanation of /sup 232/U daughter products from submicrometer particles of uranium oxide and thorium dioxide by nuclear recoil and inert gas diffusion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Coombs, M.A.; Cuddihy, R.G. (Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM (USA). Inhalation Toxicology Research Inst.)

    1983-01-01

    Emanation of /sup 232/U daughter products by nuclear recoil and inert gas diffusion from spherical, submicrometer particles of uranium oxide and thorium dioxide was studied. Monodisperse samples of particles containing 1% /sup 232/U and having physical diameters between 0.1 and 1 ..mu..m were used for the emanation measurements. Thorium-228 ions recoiling from the particles after alpha-decay of /sup 232/U were collected electrostatically on a recoil cathode. Radon-220 diffusing from the particles was swept by an airstream into a 4 l. chamber where the /sup 220/Rn daughters were collected on a second cathode. Mathematical models of radionuclide emanation from spherical particles were used to calculate the recoil range of /sup 228/Th and the diffusion coefficient of /sup 220/Rn in the particle matrix. A /sup 228/Th recoil range of 0.02 ..mu..m and a /sup 220/Rn diffusion coefficient of 3 x 10/sup -14/ cm/sup 2//sec were obtained in both uranium oxide and thorium dioxide particles.

  14. Intake of 238U and 232Th through the consumption of foodstuffs by tribal populations practicing slash and burn agriculture in an extremely high rainfall area

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jha, S.K.; Gothankar, S.; Iongwai, P.S.; Kharbuli, B.; War, S.A.; Puranik, V.D.

    2012-01-01

    The concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides 232 Th, 238 U was determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in different food groups namely cereals, vegetables, leafy vegetables, roots and tubers cultivated and consumed by tribal population residing around the proposed uranium mine. The study area is a part of rural area K. P. Mawthabah (Domiasiat) in the west Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India located in the tropical region of high rainfall that remains steeped in tribal tradition without much outside influence. Agriculture by Jhum (slash and burn) cultivation and animal husbandry are the main occupation of the tribal populations. A total of 89 samples from locally grown food products were analyzed. The concentration of 238 U and 232 Th in the soil of the study area was found to vary 1.6–15.5 and 2.0–5.0 times respectively to the average mean value observed in India. The estimated daily dietary intake of 238 U and 232 Th were 2.0 μg d −1 (25 mBq d −1 ) and 3.4 μg d −1 (14 mBq d −1 ) is comparable with reported range 0.5–5.0 μg d −1 and 0.15–3.5 μg d −1 respectively for the Asian population. - Highlights: ► 232 Th, 238 U were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). ► Study area located in the tropical region of high rainfall that remains steeped in tribal tradition. ► Agriculture by Jhum (slash and burn) cultivation and animal husbandry are the main occupation of the tribal populations. ► The estimated daily intake of 232 Th and 238 U in high rainfall area was found to be 3.4 and 2.0 μg respectively.

  15. Determination of the Uranium Content of Aluminium Alloys; Determination de la Teneur en Uranium dans les Alliages a Base d'Aluminium; Opredelenie soderzhaniya urana v splavakh na osnove alyuminiya; Determinacion del Contenido de Uranio en las Aleaciones a Base de Aluminio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gerard, J.; Van Hove, L. [S.A. Metallurgie et Mecanique Nucleaires Dessel (Belgium)

    1965-09-15

    determinacion de su contenido exacto de uranio-235 se efectua mediante analisis quimicos e isotopicos. El control, cuando las operaciones se reaUzan a una cadencia industrial, se hace midiendo la densidad de la aleacion o contando los rayos gamma emitidos por el uranio-235. Ambos metodos permiten obtener resultados de una precision relativa comparable ({+-} 0,5%). Desde el punto de vista economico, se puede recomendar la determinacion del contenido por recuento de la emision gamma, siempre que sea necesario llevar a cabo muchos examenes de piezas de una forma determinada. (author) [Russian] Vo mnogih reaktorah dlja ispytanija materialov splav aljuminija i obogashhennogo urana ispol'zuetsja v kachestve topliva. Kolichestvo urana-235 v kazhdom toplivnom jelemente dolzhno byt' tochno izvestno. Ispol'zovannye dlja jetogo opredelenija metody prosty v principe i k tomu zhe raznoobrazny. Privodjatsja sledujushhie metody: izmerenie plotnosti splava, otschet gamma-izluchenija urana-235, himicheskij analiz, opredelenie izotopnogo soderzhanija i ocenka potemnenija radiograficheskogo snimka. K sozhaleniju, kazhdyj iz jetih metodov stradaet bolee ili menee ser'eznymi nedostatkami na praktike, kogda jeto kasaetsja kontrolja vazhnoj produkcii. Izmerenie plotnosti splava metodom Arhimeda daet dostatochno tochnye rezul'taty, esli jetot metod primenjaetsja ostorozhno i esli tochno izvestna plotnost' sostavnyh metallov. Vmeste s tem, na praktike jetot metod javljaetsja ochen' medlennym. Krome togo, nado ochen' tochno znat' izotopnoe soderzhanie, chtoby opredelit' kolichestvo urana-235. Registracija gamma-aktivnosti urana-235 pozvoljaet neposredstvenno davat' ocenku jetomu izotopu. Odnako mnogie parametry odnokanal'nogo spektrometra obuslovlivajut primenenie horosho izvestnyh jetalonov i sozdanija iskljuchitel'noj ustojchivosti registracii. I vse zhe, po nashemu mneniju, jetot metod javljaetsja naibolee celesoobraznym dlja analizov v promyshlennom masshtabe. S drugoj storony, vybor jetalonov

  16. 235U, 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations in marine sediments along the northern coast of Oman Sea using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zare, Mohammad Reza; Mostajaboddavati, Mojtaba; Kamali, Mahdi; Abdi, Mohammad Reza; Mortazavi, Mohammad Seddigh

    2012-01-01

    The natural radioactivity levels in sediment samples of the northern coast of Oman Sea, covering the coastal strip from Hormoz canyon to Goatr seaport, as the first time has been determined. The results of measurements will serve as background reference level for Oman Sea coastlines. Sediments from 36 coastal and near shore locations were collected for analysis. Analysis on the collected samples were carried out to determine 235 U, 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K and 137 Cs using two high purity germanium detectors with 38.5% and 55% relative efficiencies. The concentration of 235 U, 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K and 137 Cs in sediment samples ranged between 1.01 and 2.87 Bq/kg, 11.83 and 22.68 Bq/kg, 10.7 and 25.02 Bq/kg, 222.89 and 535.07 Bq/kg and 0.14 and 2.8 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activity was well below the defined limit of 370 Bq/kg. The external hazard indices were found to be less than 1, indicating a low dose.

  17. Cost-based optimizations of power density and target-blanket modularity for 232Th/233U-based ADEP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krakowski, R.A.

    1995-01-01

    A cost-based parametric systems model is developed for an Accelerator-Driven Energy Production (ADEP) system based on a 232 Th/ 233 U fuel cycle and a molten-salt (LiF/BeF 2 /ThF 3 ) fluid-fuel primary system. Simplified neutron-balance, accelerator, reactor-core, chemical-processing, and balance-of-plant models are combined parametrically with a simplified costing model. The main focus of this model is to examine trade offs related to fission power density, reactor-core modularity, 233 U breeding rate, and fission product transmutation capacity

  18. Characterization of bauxite residue (red mud) for 235U, 238U, 232Th and 40K using neutron activation analysis and the radiation dose levels as modeled by MCNP.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landsberger, S; Sharp, A; Wang, S; Pontikes, Y; Tkaczyk, A H

    2017-07-01

    This study employs thermal and epithermal neutron activation analysis (NAA) to quantitatively and specifically determine absorption dose rates to various body parts from uranium, thorium and potassium. Specifically, a case study of bauxite residue (red mud) from an industrial facility was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the NAA approach for radiological safety assessment, using small sample sizes to ascertain the activities of 235 U, 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K. This proof-of-concept was shown to produce reliable results and a similar approach could be used for quantitative assessment of other samples with possible radiological significance. 238 U and 232 Th were determined by epithermal and thermal neutron activation analysis, respectively. 235 U was determined based on the known isotopic ratio of 238 U/ 235 U. 40 K was also determined using epithermal neutron activation analysis to measure total potassium content and then subtracting its isotopic contribution. Furthermore, the work demonstrates the application of Monte Carlo Neutral-Particle (MCNP) simulations to estimate the radiation dose from large quantities of red mud, to assure the safety of humans and the surrounding environment. Phantoms were employed to observe the dose distribution throughout the human body demonstrating radiation effects on each individual organ. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Rapid screening of natually occurring radioactive nuclides({sup 2}'3{sup 8}U, {sup 232}Th) in raw materials and by-products samples using XRF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Ji Young; Lim, Chung Sup [Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioiostope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lim, Jong Myoung; Ji, Young Yong; Chung, Kun Ho; Lee, Wan No; Kang, Mun Ja [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Jang, Byung Uck [Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-12-15

    As new legislation has come into force implementing radiation safety management for the use of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), it is necessary to establish a rapid and accurate measurement technique. Measurement of {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th using conventional methods encounter the most significant difficulties for pretreatment (e.g., purification, speciation, and dilution/enrichment) or require time-consuming processes. Therefore, in this study, the applicability of ED-XRF as a non-destructive and rapid screening method was validated for raw materials and by-product samples. A series of experiments was conducted to test the applicability for rapid screening of XRF measurement to determine activity of {sup 238}U and {sup 23{sup 2}}Th based on certified reference materials (e.g., soil, rock, phosphorus rock, bauxite, zircon, and coal ash) and NORM samples commercially used in Korea. Statistical methods were used to compare the analytical results of ED-XRF to those of certified values of certified reference materials (CRM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results of the XRF measurement for {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th showed under 20% relative error and standard deviation. The results of the U-test were statistically significant except for the case of U in coal fly ash samples. In addition, analytical results of {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th in the raw material and by-product samples using XRF and the analytical results of those using ICP-MS (R{sup 2}≥0.95) were consistent with each other. Thus, the analytical results rapidly derived using ED-XRF were fairly reliable. Based on the validation results, it can be concluded that the ED-XRF analysis may be applied to rapid screening of radioactivities ({sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th) in NORM samples.

  20. Determination of distribution coefficients of some natural radionuclides (U, Ra, Pb, Po) between different types of Syrian soils and their solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Masri, M. S.; Al-Hamwi, A.; Amin, Y.; Al-Akel, B.

    2009-11-01

    In this study, distribution coefficients of some natural radionuclides ( 226 Ra, U, 210 Pb and 210 Po) between different types of soils in Syria and their solutions were determined. The distribution coefficients values ranged from (164-1933, 280-1722, 350-4749 and 101-117) l kg - 1 for 226 Ra, U, 210 Pb and 210 Po, respectively at pH = 4.0. While, the distribution coefficients values ranged from (207-6706, 673-2397, 149-2147 and 103- 292) l kg - 1 for 226 Ra, U, 210 Pb and 210 Po, respectively at pH = 5.5. In addition, the distribution coefficients values ranged from (167-1707, 126- 1239, 44-1122 and 125-1475) l kg - 1 for 226 Ra, U, 210 Pb and 210 Po, respectively at pH = 7.0. Moreover, the results showed that 210 Po distribution coefficients had the maximum values at pH 7. While 210 Pb distribution coefficients had the minimum values at same pH. In addition to, U distribution coefficients had the maximum values at pH 5.5. On the other hand, the effect of soil mineral content, CEC, ECE, pH and soluble ions on the distribution coefficients were investigated. In general, the results showed that there are logarithmic relationships between studied radionuclide activity in the soil and their distribution coefficients in all soil types (R 2 ranged from 0.59 to 1.00 at pH 4.0). On the other hand, there were no relationships between the distribution coefficients and soil pH. (authors)

  1. Measurement of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations in different regions of Colombia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez, W.; Lizarazo, C.; Cortés, M. L.; Rodríguez, S. A.; Mendoza, E. F.; Cristancho, F.

    2012-02-01

    Taking into account the wide variety of geological structures in Colombia, we took a collection of samples both from sand beaches and high mountains systems and determined their concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K using a high resolution gamma spectrometry system. The results show a variation of these concentrations for the different samples that we associate with the soil type and the environmental conditions of the chosen regions. We also compare our results with other studies carried out in regions with similar geological conditions.

  2. Measurement of the fission cross section induced by fast neutrons of the {sup 232}Th/{sup 233}U nuclei within the innovating fuel cycles framework; Mesure de la section efficace de fission induite par neutrons rapides des noyaux {sup 232}Th/{sup 233}U dans le cadre des cycles de combustible innovants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Grosjean, C

    2005-03-15

    The thorium-U{sup 233} fuel cycle might provided safer and cleaner nuclear energy than the present Uranium/Pu fuelled reactors. Over the last 10 years, a vast campaign of measurements has been initiated to bring the precision of neutron data for the key nuclei (Th{sup 232}, Pa{sup 233} and U{sup 233}) at the level of those for the U-Pu cycle. This is the framework of these measurements, the energy dependent neutron induced fission cross section of Th{sup 232} and U{sup 233} has been measured from 1 to 7 MeV with a target accuracy lesser than 5 per cent. These measurements imply the accurate determination of the fission rate, the number of the target nuclei as well as the incident neutron flux impinging on the target, the latter has been obtained using the elastic scattering (n,p). The cross section of which is very well known in a large neutron energy domain ({approx} 0,5 % from 1 eV to 50 MeV) compared to the U{sup 235}(n,f) reaction. This technique has been applied for the first time to the Th{sup 232}(n,f) and U{sup 233}(n,f) cases. A Hauser-Feshbach statistical model has been developed. It consists of describing the different decay channels of the compound nucleus U{sup 234} from 0,01 to 10 MeV neutron energy. The parameters of this model were adjusted in order to reproduce the measured fission cross section of U{sup 233}. From these parameters, the cross sections from the following reactions could be extracted: inelastic scattering U{sup 233}(n,n'), radiative capture U{sup 233}(n,{gamma}) and U{sup 233}(n,2n). These cross sections are still difficult to measure by direct neutron reactions. The calculated values have allowed us to fill the lack of experimental data for the major fissile nucleus of the thorium cycle. (author)

  3. The Determination of Uranium in Urine by Delayed Neutron Counting; Dosage de l'Uranium dans l'Urine par Comptage des Neutrons Differes; Opredelenie soderzhaniya urana v moche putem scheta zapazdyvayushchikh nejtronov; Determinacion del Uranio Contenido en la Orina por Recuento de Neutrones Retardados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brookes, I. R. [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston, Berks. (United Kingdom)

    1965-10-15

    recipiente adecuado y se introduce por un sistema de tubos neumaticos en el nucleo del reactor HERALD, donde es irradiado en un flujo termico de 3,94 * 10{sup 12}n/cm{sup 2} s, aproximadamente. Al cabo de 1 min de irradiacion la muestra vuelve automaticamente al laboratorio, donde el frasco que la.contiene se coloca en el contador neutronico que se conecta a los 25 s de haber salido la muestra del reactor. La muestra se recuenta durante 1 min. Las muestras testigo consisten en orina de personas no expuestas profesionalmente al uranio, y el patron de calibracion, en una cantidad conocida de {sup 235}U (en forma de uranio natural). El limite de deteccion es de 0,020 pCi de uranio enriquecido al 93% (0,007 de la carga corporal maxima admisible) y 0,036 {mu}g de uranio natural por 100 mi de orina. El limite de deteccion depende de la' actividad de la muestra testigo determinada por recuento. La actividad principal de la muestra testigo se debe a los emisores gamma formados por irradiacion de la orina. El ciclo de irradiacion y recuento dura unos 3,5 min y en una jornada de trabajo se pueden evaporar y envasar 50 muestras. A los efectos del analisis de orina, es despreciable la interferencia del {sup 239}Pu. (author) [Russian] Pri jetom metode soderzhanie urana-235 opredeljaetsja putem scheta zapazdyvajushhih nejtronov, ispuskaemyh posle delenija urana-235 v obrazce teplovymi nejtronami. Tri gruppy nejtronov, predstavljajushhie interes, imejut periody poluraspada 55,72, 22,72 i 6,22 sek. 100 ml mochi isparjajut do suhogo ostatka v vodjanoj vanne. Ostatok pomeshhajut v. polijetilenovuju butylku vesom v odnu unciju vmeste primerno s 4 - 5 ml, a zatem butylku zapaivajut v gorjachem sostojanii. Butylku s obrazcom pomeshhajut v kontejner i napravljajut cherez sistemu pnevmaticheskih trub v aktivnuju zonu reaktora HERALD,gde ona obluchaetsja v potoke teplovyh nejtronov, sostavljajushhem priblizitel'no 3,94 * 10{sup 12} n/sm{sup 2} sek. Posle obluchenija v techenie odnoj minuty obrazec

  4. Transfer of 40K, 238U, 210Pb, and 210Po from soil to plant in various locations in south of Syria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Masri, M.S.; Al-Akel, B.; Nashawani, A.; Amin, Y.; Khalifa, K.H.; Al-Ain, F.

    2008-01-01

    Transfer factors of 40 K, 238 U, 210 Pb, and 210 Po from soil to some agriculture crops in various locations in south of Syria (Dara'a and Assuwaydaa districts) have been determined. Soil and vegetable crops (green pepper, cucumber, tomato, and eggplant), legumes crops (lentil, chickpea, and broad bean), fruit trees (apple, grape, and olives) and cereals (barley and wheat) were collected and analyzed for 238 U, 210 Pb, and 210 Po. The results have shown that higher transfer factors (calculated as Bq kg -1 dry wt. plant material per Bq kg -1 dry wt. soil) for 210 Po, 210 Pb and 238 U were observed in vegetable leaves than fruits and cereals leaves; the highest values of transfer factor (TF) for 238 U were found to be 0.1 for straw of chickpea. Transfer factors for 210 Po varied between 2.8 x 10 -2 and 2 in fruits of eggplant and grain of barley, respectively. In addition, several parameters affecting transfer factors of the radionuclides were evaluated. The results can be considered as base values for TF of natural radionuclides in the region

  5. Determination of specific concentrations of {sup 40}K, {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th in mineral fertilizer samples

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Garcez, Ricardo W.D.; Lopes, Jose M.; Silva, Ademir X., E-mail: r.w.o.g@fisica.if.uff.br, E-mail: ademir@nuclear.ufrj.br [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia (COPPE/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Programa de Engenharia Nuclear; Domingues, Alessandro M.; Lima, Marco F. [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil)

    2015-07-01

    The use of fertilizer is an established practice worldwide to promote agricultural productivity increased without increasing the planted area, resulting in native forests protection and increase of the food availability. Some kinds of fertilizer have in their chemical composition some radionuclides due the origin of its feedstock, such as {sup 238}U, the {sup 232}Th, and their descendants, beyond {sup 40}K. Knowledge of the radioactivity levels in the environment is great importance to know the gamma radiation dose that the human being is exposed. For identification and quantitation of radionuclides, it was used gamma spectrometry where HPGe detector was used to obtain the spectra, and LabSOCS software for calculating the detection efficiency for each energy. The values of {sup 232}Th specific concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 368.1 Bq.Kg{sup -1}, the values of {sup 238}U specific concentrations ranged from 16.0 to 647.7 Bq.Kg{sup -1} and {sup 40}K specific concentrations ranged from 19.1 to 12713 Bq.Kg{sup -1}. Concentrations of values are consistent with those found in literature. (author)

  6. Delayed Fission Gamma-ray Characteristics of Th-232 U-233 U-235 U-238 and Pu-239

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lane, Taylor [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Parma, Edward J. [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

    2015-08-01

    Delayed fission gamma-rays play an important role in determining the time dependent ioniz- ing dose for experiments in the central irradiation cavity of the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR). Delayed gamma-rays are produced from both fission product decay and from acti- vation of materials in the core, such as cladding and support structures. Knowing both the delayed gamma-ray emission rate and the time-dependent gamma-ray energy spectrum is nec- essary in order to properly determine the dose contributions from delayed fission gamma-rays. This information is especially important when attempting to deconvolute the time-dependent neutron, prompt gamma-ray, and delayed gamma-ray contribution to the response of a diamond photo-conducting diode (PCD) or fission chamber in time frames of milliseconds to seconds following a reactor pulse. This work focused on investigating delayed gamma-ray character- istics produced from fission products from thermal, fast, and high energy fission of Th-232, U-233, U-235, U-238, and Pu-239. This work uses a modified version of CINDER2008, a transmutation code developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, to model time and energy dependent photon characteristics due to fission. This modified code adds the capability to track photon-induced transmutations, photo-fission, and the subsequent radiation caused by fission products due to photo-fission. The data is compared against previous work done with SNL- modified CINDER2008 [ 1 ] and experimental data [ 2 , 3 ] and other published literature, includ- ing ENDF/B-VII.1 [ 4 ]. The ability to produce a high-fidelity (7,428 group) energy-dependent photon fluence at various times post-fission can improve the delayed photon characterization for radiation effects tests at research reactors, as well as other applications.

  7. 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K in wheat flour samples of Iraq markets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Abid Abojassim

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Introduction. Wheat flour is a nutritious type of food that is widely consumed by various age groups in Iraq. This study investigates the presence of long-lived gamma emitters in different type of wheat flour in Iraqi market. Materials and methods. Uranium (238 U, Thorium (232 Th and Potassium (40 K specific activity in (Bq/kg were measured in (12 different types of wheat flours that are available in Iraqi markets. The gamma spectrometry method with a NaI(Tl detector has been used for radiometric measurements. Also in this study we have calculated the internal hazard index, radium equivalent and absorbed dose rate in all samples. Results and discussion. It is found that the specific activity in wheat flour samples were varied from (1.086±0.0866 Bq/kg to (12.532±2.026 Bq/kg with an average (6.6025 Bq/kg for 238 U, For 232 Th From (0.126±0.066 Bq/kg to (4.298±0.388 Bq/kg with an average (1.9465Bq/kg and for 40 K from (41.842±5.875 Bq/kg to (264.729±3.843 Bq/kg with an average (133.097 Bq/kg. Also, it is found that the radium equivalent and the internal hazard index in wheat flour samples ranged from (3.4031 Bq/kg to (35.1523 Bq/kg with an average (19.6346 Bq/kg and from (0.0091 to (0.1219 with an average (0.0708 respectively. Conclusion. This study prove that the natural radioactivity and radiation hazard indices were lower than the safe.

  8. The influence of the nature of soil and plant and pollution on the 238U, 232Th, 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in various natural honey samples using nuclear track detectors: impact on the adult consumers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Misdaq, M.A.; Mortassim, A.

    2009-01-01

    238 U and 232 Th concentrations as well as 222 Rn and 220 Rn α-activities per unit volume were measured in various natural honey samples collected from different regions in Morocco using CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). These radionuclides were also measured in soils, plant flowers and nectar solutions corresponding to the honey samples studied. In addition, these radionuclides were measured in different imported honey samples. The measured 238 U, 232 Th, 222 Rn and 220 Rn concentrations ranged from (1.5 ± 0.1) mBq kg -1 to (10.6 ± 0.6) mBq kg -1 , (1.1 ± 0.1) mBq kg -1 to (4.2 ± 0.2) mBq kg -1 , (1.5 ± 0.1) Bq kg -1 to (10.6 ± 0.6) Bq kg -1 and (1.1 ± 0.1) Bq kg -1 to (4.2 ± 0.2) Bq kg -1 for the honey samples studied, respectively. Annual 238 U, 232 Th and 222 Rn intakes by Moroccan adults from the consumption of honey were assessed. The influence of the nature of soil and plant on the 238 U and 232 Th contents of the studied honey samples was investigated. These measurements were completed by an investigation of the 238 U and 232 Th transfer between soils and plant flowers and that between plant flowers and honey, and also by the investigation of the influence of pollution due to different material dusts on 238 U, 232 Th and 222 Rn in the honey samples studied. Committed equivalent doses due to the annual intake of 238 U, 232 Th and 222 Rn were evaluated in the organs of adult members of the Moroccan rural population from the ingestion of the honey samples. The maximum total committed effective dose due to 238 U, 232 Th and 222 Rn from the ingestion of natural honey by the Moroccan rural population was found to be equal to 0.64 μSνy -1 . (author)

  9. Annex 5 - Fabrication of U-Al alloy; Prilog 5 - Dobijanje legure U-Al

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Drobnjak, Dj; Lazarevic, Dj; Mihajlovic, A [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

    1961-12-15

    Alloy U-Al with low content of aluminium is often used for fabrication of fuel elements because it is stable under moderate neutron flux density. Additionally this type of alloys show much better characteristics than pure uranium under reactor operating conditions (temperature, mechanical load, corrosion effect of water). This report contains the analysis of the phase diagram of U-Al alloy with low content of aluminium, applied procedure for alloying and casting with detailed description of equipment. Characteristics of the obtained alloy are described and conclusions about the experiment and procedure are presented. Sistem U-Al sa niskim sadrzajem aluminijuma jedan je od cesto koriscenih za izradu gorivnih elemenata, jer je dovoljno stabilan pri umerenim gustinama fluksa. Pored toga, u uslovima karakteristicnim za rad nuklearnog reaktora (temperatura, gradijent temperature, mehanicka naprezanja, koroziono dejstvo vode) legure ovog sistema pokazuju daleko bolja svojstva od nelegiranog urana. Referat sadrzi analizu dijagrama stanja U-Al legure sa niskim sadrzajem aluminijuma, primenjeni postupak legiranja i livenja sa opisom pojedinih uredjaja i operacija. Takodje su opisana svojstva dobijene legure i dat je zakljucak o eksperimentu i tehnici rada (author)

  10. Doticaj moderne kozmologije i religije: poimanje početka svemira

    OpenAIRE

    Petković, Tomislav

    2007-01-01

    Ujedinjenje velikih teorija fizike − teorije relativnosti, kvantne mehanike i fizike svemira i čestica − ostaje snom fizike i filozofije znanosti i na početku 21. stoljeća. Sve se one u pogledu konačnih zakona svemira (teorija svega) slažu da je početak bio, te da su konačni zakoni oni koji su već vladali u početku evolucije svemira. Početak svemira podrazumijeva njegovo stvaranje i nužno upućuje na Stvoritelja−religijskog Boga, na uspostavljanje mosta između moderne kozmologije i religije. U...

  11. Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of uranium metaphosphate, U(PO{sub 3}){sub 4}, into uranium pyrophosphate, UP{sub 2}O{sub 7}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Hee-Chul, E-mail: nhcyang@kaeri.re.kr; Kim, Hyung-Ju; Lee, Si-Young; Yang, In-Hwan; Chung, Dong-Yong

    2017-06-15

    The thermochemical properties of uranium compounds have attracted much interest in relation to thermochemical treatments and the safe disposal of radioactive waste bearing uranium compounds. The characteristics of the thermal decomposition of uranium metaphosphate, U(PO{sub 3}){sub 4}, into uranium pyrophosphate, UP{sub 2}O{sub 7}, have been studied from the view point of reaction kinetics and acting mechanisms. A mixture of U(PO{sub 3}){sub 4} and UP{sub 2}O{sub 7} was prepared from the pyrolysis residue of uranium-bearing spent TBP. A kinetic analysis of the reaction of U(PO{sub 3}){sub 4} into UP{sub 2}O{sub 7} was conducted using an isoconversional method and a master plot method on the basis of data from a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal decomposition of U(PO{sub 3}){sub 4} into UP{sub 2}O{sub 7} followed a single-step reaction with an activation energy of 175.29 ± 1.58 kJ mol{sup −1}. The most probable kinetic model was determined as a type of nucleation and nuclei-growth models, the Avrami-Erofeev model (A3), which describes that there are certain restrictions on nuclei growth of UP{sub 2}O{sub 7} during the solid-state decomposition of U(PO{sub 3}){sub 4}. - Highlights: •Thermal decomposition kinetics of U(PO{sub 3}){sub 4} into UP{sub 2}O{sub 7} was investigated. •The thermal decomposition followed a single-step reaction with an activation energy of 175.3 ± 1.6 kJ mol{sup −1}. •The most probable kinetic model was determined as a type of nucleation and nuclei-growth models, the Avrami-Erofeev (A3).

  12. Independent Yields of Kr Isotopes at Photofission of $^{232}$Th and $^{238}$U

    CERN Document Server

    Gangrsky, Yu P; Zemlyanoi, S G; Maslova, N Yu; Myshinskii, G V; Norov, K S; Penionzhkevich, Yu E; Selesh, O

    2002-01-01

    The yields of the primary fission fragments - Kr isotopes - at the photofission of ^{232}Th and ^{238}U were measured. The experiments were performed at the microtron of FLNR, JINR, with the energy of the accelerated electrons 25 MeV. The methodic of fission fragments transportation by the gas flow through the capillary and condensation of the inert gases in the cryostat at the liquid nitrogen temperature was used. The fission fragments of other elements were stopped by the filter on the entrance of the capillary. The identification of the Kr isotopes was performed using the gamma-spectra of their daughter products. The mass distribution of the Kr isotopes independent yields was obtained and the comparison with yields at the prompt and thermal neutron fission was discussed.

  13. Delayed neutron kinetic functions for /sup 232/Th and /sup 238/U mixtures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ganich, P P; Goshovskij, M V; Lendel, A I; Lomonosov, V I; Sikora, D I; Sychev, S I

    1984-11-01

    In order to investigate the applicability of the method based on using kinetic functions, describing the emission of delayed neutrons by samples for determination of the content of fissionable nuclides in binary mixtures, the /sup 232/Th+/sup 238/U mixtures have been analyzed with the M-30 microtron. Fresh samples containing ThO/sub 2/, U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ and their mixtures are irradiated by bremstrahlung at the 15.5 MeV energy of accelerated electrons and 9 ..mu..A average current. The mass of samples is about 6 g. To determine the kinetic functions, temporal distributions of delayed neutron pulses are used, their maximum number for different samples being (1.7-3.0) x 10/sup 4/. In processing the data obtained two methods of normalization of the delayed neutron number in the kinetic functions are used: to the total yield of delayed neutrons and to the yield of /sup 133/I ..gamma..-quanta. The conclusion is drawn that the method investigated permits to determine relative /sup 238/U concentrations in the mixtures considered with 0.06-0.2 errors. Error reduction is achieved during the normalization of the number of delayed neutrons to the yield of /sup 130/I ..gamma..-quanta.

  14. Distribution of radioactive pollution of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in northwestern coasts of Persian Gulf, Iran

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reza Abdi, Mohammad; Kamali, Mehdi; Vaezifar, Sedigheh

    2008-01-01

    A reconnaissance study has been made of the distribution of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K and 137 Cs and geochemical features in soils and sediments samples at various locations in the northwestern coast of Persian Gulf. Activity concentration levels due to radionuclides were measured in 30 soil and sediment samples collected from this region. From the measured spectra, activity concentrations were determined for 40 K (range from 146 to 500 Bq kg -1 ), 137 Cs (from 5 to 20 Bq kg -1 ), 238 U (from 21 to 65 Bq kg -1 ) and 232 Th (from 15 to 45 Bq kg -1 ) with lowest limit detection (LLD) of 68, 3.2, 4.3 and 4.3 Bq kg -1 , respectively. The dose rate from ambient air at the soil ranges was between 19 and 58 nGy h -1 with an average of 37.41 ± 9.66 nGy h -1

  15. Use of LabSOCS for determination of specific concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in fertilizer samples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcez, Ricardo Washington Dutra; Lopes, Jose Marques; Silva, Ademir Xavier da; Domingues, Alessandro Mariano; Lima, Marco Frota

    2015-01-01

    Use of fertilizer is an established practice worldwide to promote agricultural productivity increased without increasing the planted area, resulting in native forests protection and increase of the food availability. Some kinds of fertilizer have in their chemical composition some radionuclides due the origin of its feedstock, such as 238 U, the 232 Th, and their descendants, beyond 40 K. Knowledge of the radioactivity levels in the environment is great importance to know the gamma radiation dose that the human being is exposed. For identification and quantitation of radionuclides, it was used gamma spectrometry where HPGe detector was used to obtain the spectra, and LabSOCS software for calculating the detection efficiency for each energy. The values of 232 Th specific concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 368.1 Bq.Kg -1 , the values of 238 U specific concentrations ranged from 16.0 to 647.7 Bq.Kg -1 and 40 K specific concentrations ranged from 19.1 to 12713 Bq.Kg -1 . Concentrations of values are consistent with those found in literature. (author)

  16. Natural Radioactivity of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 in Surface Soil of Baghdad, Nahrain and Al-Mustansiriyah University in Iraq

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ridha, A.A.; Mutter, M.M.; Salim, M.D.

    2015-01-01

    The study of natural radioactivity in public universities soil is very important because of containing a large numbers of students and personnel in small areas and for long periodic times, especially the centers and gathering students areas. So it was chosen the most important universities in Baghdad city according with the students density, which is Baghdad and Nahrain University in Al-Jadriyah region in addition to Al-Mustansiriyah University in Palestine street region. Thirteen soil samples collected from these regions to estimate the radiological impact to the dweller, the concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K present in the soil samples were analyzed using HPGe as Gamma-spectrometry. The results showed that the average radioactivity of 238 U is 26.262±4.52 Bq/ kg, for 232 Th is equal to 24.860±4.03 Bq/ kg and for 40 K is 293.706±16.62 Bq/ kg. Thus, the values of specific activity of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K for all soil samples are in acceptable values of the worldwide average. The maximum value for Ra eq is 119.727±10.94 Bq/ kg recorded in sample (Bag2), with an average value of 76.938±8.44 Bq/ kg. All soil samples have Ra eq value below the 247 Bq/ kg (Iraqi permissibility limit). In addition to radium equivalent, the absorbed gamma dose rate (D), outdoor annual effective dose and hazard indices are calculated in this work and show low values compared with permissible limits. (author)

  17. 232Th/238U in a uranium mobility estimate in an agricultural area in the municipality of Pedra-Pernambuco - Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos Junior, Jose Araujo dos; Amaral, Romilton dos Santos; Bezerra, Jairo Dias; Damascena, Kennedy Francys Rodrigues; Oliveira, Jose Valdez Monterazo de; Bispo, Rodrigo Cesar Bezerra; Silva, Cleomacio Miguel da; Rocha, Edilson Accioly

    2011-01-01

    The mobility of the radionuclides in soil depends primarily on the physic-chemical parameters. The uranium is easily oxidized in aqueous environment, which allows its characterization with higher mobility. The Thorium is practically insoluble, mainly if the environment has organic matter and sulfates. The geochemical characteristics of the rocks, associated with the weather and metamorphism produce alterations in the concentration diagrams of the natural radionuclides in different types of soil. The ratio 232 Th/ 238 U has been used as an indicator of oxidizing and reducing conditions. Th/U less than 2 suggests that the uranium is in its concentrated form abundantly when compared to the thorium. In reducing conditions, the value Th/U higher than 7 indicates a removal of the uranium. In this work it was possible to analyze the agricultural soil in the municipality of Pedra, Pernambuco, Brazil where there are uranium anomaly and thorium in rocky outcrops. Sixty-two samples of the horizon C soil were collected, in an area of 2 km 2 , where the main uranium occurrences are located. The analyses were done by High-Resolution Gamma-Spectroscopy. In the analyses the secular equilibrium was assumed and the 238 U and the 232 Th specific activities were used to estimate the oxidizing and reducing conditions defining the uranium mobility in the soil. The obtained findings show that the ratio Th/U varied from 0.3 to 13.4, with average of 4.6. The biggest 238 U fraction was fix (80.3%), with low mobility; the smallest fraction concentrated (6.6%) and a lixiviated intermediate fraction (13.1%). (author)

  18. Forenzika elektronske pošte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milorad S. Markagić

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available U najopštijem smislu digitalna forenzika može se definisati kao skup metoda za prikupljanje, analizu i prezentaciju digitalnih dokaza koji se mogu pronaći na računarima, serverima, u računarskim mrežama, bazama podataka, mobilnim uređajima i svim drugim elektronskim uređajima na kojima se čuvaju podaci. U ovom radu su opisane metode prikupljanja digitalnih dokaza u elektronskoj pošti i njihova analiza. Uvod Elektronska pošta se kao dokazni materijal pojavljuje u velikom broju kako građanskih tako i kriminalnih forenzičkih istraga. Elektronska pošta i elektronska pošta zasnovana na internet serverima  širi se veoma brzo, pa lako i brzo završi i na računaru korisnika kome nije namenjena. Prvu elektronsku poruku poslao je Ray Tomilson 1971. godine, a deset godina kasnije u kombinaciji sa personalnim računarima i internetom prerasta u globalni način komuniciranja i personalnog i poslovnog. Takođe se koristi i u svrhu zabave, načina razmene podataka, ali predstavlja i nezamenjiv izvor digitalnih dokaza, kada dodje do računarskog incidenta. Analiza elektronske pošte Svaka elektronska poruka sastoji se od dva dela: zaglavlja i teksta poruke. Iz zaglavlja je moguće saznati izvorišnu i odredišnu adresu, pošiljaoca i namenjenog primaoca, a telo poruke sadrži tekst poruke. Ekstenzije dokumenata elektronske pošte U slučajevima kada je potrebno otkriti samo dokumente potrebne za pregled elektronskih poruka, ili kopirati pojedinačni dokument sačuvan unutar elektronske pošte, moguće je koristiti sistem na istraživanom računaru ili specijalizovani softver kao što je Outlook Extract Pro ili Outlook Export. Mnogo ispravniji, sigurniji i jednostavniji način je korišćenje forenzičkih alata kao što su EnCase ili FTK, sa ugrađenim pregledačima koji omogućavaju pregled i snimanje sadržaja baze podataka kao i njihovo kopiranje na druge medije za dalju analizu. Forenzički alati automatizuju proces skidanja i kopiranja

  19. Environmental geochemistry of 238U, 232Th, 40K and some heavy metals in River Nile sediments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Siddeeg, S. M. B.

    2007-06-01

    Environmental geochemistry is concerned with the abundance, distribution, and mobility of chemical elements in surface materials at the surface of earth crust. This study aimed at better understanding of geochemical behavior of 238 U, 23 '2Th and 40 K in river sediments and some heavy elements with emphasis on Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. The analysis was conducted for a total of 33 bulk sediment samples from White Nile, Blue Nile and River Nile within Khartoum, the samples were fractionated into seven grain sizes each (2000-1000, 1000-500, 500-250, 250-200, 200-125, 125-100 and > 100 μm), using high resolution gamma spectrometer for radionuclides measurements, whereas Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) was used for heavy metals analysis. On the average, the activity concentration of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K were 17.90±5.23, 16.38±5.34 and 379.82±107.76 Bq -1 Kg in White Nile, 19.56±5.04, 17.72±4.69, and 494.36±105.79 Bq -1 Kg in Blue Nile and 19.27±2.88, 17.48±2.78, 359.50±83.15 Bq -1 Kg in the River Nile sediments. Results revealed inverse relationship between activity concentration and grain size in White and Blue Nile, while the trend is not clear in the River Nile. In general, the variation of the measured values within single grain size was smaller in White Nile compare to Blue and River Nile sediments, and it was observed that the data are highly scattered in grain size (200-125μm). The ratio between 238 U/ 232 Th is grater than unity in the three rivers indicating that there is relative enrichment of 238 U in the surface sediments. The activity concentration of the fallout radionuclide 137 Cs is one order of magnitude lower in the White Nile sediments (0.89±0.96) Bq -1 Kg compared to values in the Blue Nile sediments (3.60±1.55) Bq -1 Kg. Comparison of the values obtained for natural radionuclides and the fallout radionuclide ( 137 Cs in the three sites with the global data reflect low and /or insignificant difference. For heavy metal

  20. The preparation of Th-232 target by molecular plating method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang Chunli; Wu Junde; Su Shuxin; Yang Jingling

    2010-01-01

    In order to measure the reaction cross-section of 232 Th(α,2n) 234 U, the preparation of uniform and adherent Th-232 targets on Al foils of thickness 2-8 μm fixed on target frame by molecular plating technique from isopropanol was described. The substrate of electrolytic cell was reconstructed and the optimum acidity for the deposition of thorium were investigated. Through deposition yield analysis, the target thickness of 100- 200μg/cm 2 was determined. The α-spectrometry for the Th-232 targets shows a good energy resolution. (authors)

  1. Determination of the concentration of 238U, 234U, 232Th, 228Th, 228Ra, 226Ra and 210Pb in the feces of workers from a mining company of niobium and their families

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliveira, Roges de; Lopes, Ricardo T.; Melo, Dunstana R.; Juliao, Ligia M.Q.C.

    2005-01-01

    The object of this study consists of an open mine from which Niobium ore (pyrochlore) is extracted and a metallurgy company, where Fe-Nb alloys are produced for export. For geological reasons, the main ore is associated to natural radionuclides U and Th, and its decay products. The concentration of 234 U, 238 U, 232 Th, 226 Ra and 228 Ra, 228 Th, including 210 Pb in fecal excretion of 12:0 am, 29 workers and 13 family members were determined. The technique employed for the determination of the elements was the sequential method of radiochemical separation, followed by alpha spectrometry and counting α and β in proportional detector. Statistically significant difference was observed in the concentration of 234 U and 238 U, in feces samples, among the group of mining workers and family members; as well as for 232 Th in the feces of workers of crushing and metallurgy groups when compared with the Family Group. No statistically significant difference was detected at a concentration of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 210 Pb, in feces of any group of workers of the installation in relation to the family group

  2. Development of sequential analytical method for the determination of U-238, U-234, Th-232, Th-230, Th-228, Ra-226 and Ra-228 and its application in mineral waters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Costa Lauria, D. da.

    1986-01-01

    A sequential analytical method for the determination of U-238, U-234, Th-232, Th-230, Th-228, Ra-226 and Ra-228 in environmental samples and applied to the analysis of mineral waters is studied. Thorium isotopes are coprecipitated with lanthanium fluoride before counting in alpha spectrometer, the uranium isotopes are determined by alpha spectrometry following extraction with TOPO onto a polymenic membrane. Radium-226 is determined with the radom emanation technique. (M.J.C.) [pt

  3. Polonium (²¹⁰Po), uranium (²³⁴U, ²³⁸U) isotopes and trace metals in mosses from Sobieszewo Island, northern Poland.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boryło, Alicja; Nowicki, Waldemar; Olszewski, Grzegorz; Skwarzec, Bogdan

    2012-01-01

    The activity of polonium (210)Po and uranium (234)U, (238)U radionuclides, as well as trace metals in mosses, collected from Sobieszewo Island area (northern Poland), were determined using the alpha spectrometry, AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry) and OES-ICP (atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma). The concentrations of mercury (directly from the solid sample) were determined by the cold vapor technique of CV AAS. The obtained results revealed that the concentrations of (210)Po, (234)U, and (238)U in the two analyzed kinds of mosses: schrebers big red stem moss (Pleurozium schreberi) and broom moss (Dicranum scoparium) were similar. The higher polonium concentrations were found in broom moss (Dicranum scoparium), but uranium concentrations were relatively low for both species of analyzed mosses. Among the analyzed trace metals the highest concentration in mosses was recorded for iron, while the lowest for nickel, cadmium and mercury. The obtained studies showed that the sources of polonium and uranium isotopes, as well as trace metals in analyzed mosses are air city contaminations transported from Gdańsk and from existing in the vicinity the phosphogypsum waste heap in Wiślinka (near Gdańsk).

  4. Transfer Rates of 238U and 232Th for E. globulus, A. mearnsii, H. filipendula and Hazardous Effects of the Usage of Medicinal Plants From Around Gold Mine Dump Environs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor M. Tshivhase

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Medicinal plant consumption can be a source of human exposure to radioactive elements such as 238U and 232Th, which can lead to internal radiation doses. The uptake of 238U and 232Th from soils to the leaf samples of three different medicinal plant species (Eucalyptus globulus, Acacia mearnsii and Hyparrhenia filipendula from the purlieu of the Princess gold mine dump, an abandoned contaminated tailings storage site (TSS, located at longitude 27°55′00″E and latitude 26°09′30″S in Davidsonville (Roodepoort, west of Johannesburg, South Africa was measured. This was done using ICP-MS spectrometry and substantial differences were observed in the soil-plant transfer factor (TF values between these radionuclides. The plant species E. globulus exhibited the highest uptake of 238U, with an average TF of 3.97, while that of H. filipendula was 0.01 and the lowest TF of 0.15 × 10−2 was measured for A. mearnsii. However, in the case of 232Th, the highest average TF was observed for A. mearnsii (0.29, followed by E. globulus (0.10 and lowest was measured for H. filipendula (0.27 × 10−2. The ratio of TF average value i.e., 238U to 232Th in the soil-plant leaves was 38.05 for E. globulus, 0.01 for A. mearnsii and 4.38 for H. filipendula.

  5. Transfer Rates of 238U and 232Th for E. globulus, A. mearnsii, H. filipendula and Hazardous Effects of the Usage of Medicinal Plants From Around Gold Mine Dump Environs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tshivhase, Victor M.; Njinga, Raymond L.; Mathuthu, Manny; Dlamini, Thulani C.

    2015-01-01

    Medicinal plant consumption can be a source of human exposure to radioactive elements such as 238U and 232Th, which can lead to internal radiation doses. The uptake of 238U and 232Th from soils to the leaf samples of three different medicinal plant species (Eucalyptus globulus, Acacia mearnsii and Hyparrhenia filipendula) from the purlieu of the Princess gold mine dump, an abandoned contaminated tailings storage site (TSS), located at longitude 27°55′00″E and latitude 26°09′30″S in Davidsonville (Roodepoort, west of Johannesburg, South Africa) was measured. This was done using ICP-MS spectrometry and substantial differences were observed in the soil-plant transfer factor (TF) values between these radionuclides. The plant species E. globulus exhibited the highest uptake of 238U, with an average TF of 3.97, while that of H. filipendula was 0.01 and the lowest TF of 0.15 × 10−2 was measured for A. mearnsii. However, in the case of 232Th, the highest average TF was observed for A. mearnsii (0.29), followed by E. globulus (0.10) and lowest was measured for H. filipendula (0.27 × 10−2). The ratio of TF average value i.e., 238U to 232Th in the soil-plant leaves was 38.05 for E. globulus, 0.01 for A. mearnsii and 4.38 for H. filipendula. PMID:26690462

  6. Radioactivity levels of 238U and 232Th, the α and β activities and associated dose rates from surface soil in Ulu Tiram, Malaysia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdul Rahman, A.T.; Ramli, A.T.

    2007-01-01

    A survey was carried out to determine terrestrial gamma radiation dose rates, the concentration level of 238 U and 232 Th and α and β activities for the surface soil in Ulu Tiram, Malaysia. A 125 measurements were performed using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray detector with crystal size of 1' x 1' on 15 soil samples collected from the site area about 102 km 2 . 238 U and 232 Th concentrations were determined in soils by using hyper pure germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity of α and β from the surface soil was counted by using alpha beta counting system. The average value of 238 U and 232 Th concentrations in soil samples collected are 3.63±0.39 ppm within the range of 1.74±0.20 to 4.58±0.48 and 43.00±2.31 ppm within the range of 10.68±0.76 to 82.10±4.01 ppm, respectively. The average estimate of α and β activity in soil samples collected are 0.65±0.09 Bq x g -1 and 0.68±0.08 Bq x g -1 , respectively. The average of terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates measured in Ulu Tiram was found to be 200 nGy x h -1 , within the range of 96 to 409 nGy x h -1 . The population weighted outdoor annual effective dose was 1.2 mSv. (author)

  7. Direct Measurement of Initial 230TH/ 232TH Ratios in Central Texas Speleothems for More Accurate Age Determination

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wortham, B. E.; Banner, J. L.; James, E.; Loewy, S. L.

    2013-12-01

    Speleothems, calcite deposits in caves, preserve a record of climate in their growth rate, isotope ratios and trace element concentrations. These variables must be tied to precise ages to produce pre-instrumental records of climate. The 238U-234U- 230Th disequilibrium method of dating can yield precise ages if the amount of 230Th from the decay of radiogenic 238U can be constrained. 230Th in a speleothem calcite growth layer has two potential sources - 1) decay of radioactive 238U since the time of growth of the calcite layer; and 2) initial detrital 230Th, incorporated along with detrital 232Th, into the calcite layer at the time it grew. Although the calcite lattice does not typically incorporate Th, samples can contain impurities with relatively high Th contents. Initial 230Th/232Th is commonly estimated by assuming a source with bulk-Earth U/Th values in a state of secular equilibrium in the 238U-decay chain. The uncertainty in this 230Th/232Th estimate is also assumed, typically at +/-100%. Both assumptions contribute to uncertainty in ages determined for young speleothems. If the amount of initial detrital 230Th can be better quantified for samples or sites, then U-series ages will have smaller uncertainties and more precisely define the time series of climate proxies. This study determined the initial 230Th/232Th of modern calcite to provide more precise dates for central Texas speleothems. Calcite was grown on glass-plate substrates placed under active drips in central Texas caves. The 230Th/232Th of this modern calcite was determined using thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Results show that: 1) initial 230Th/232Th ratios can be accurately determined in these young samples and 2) measuring 230Th/232Th reduces the uncertainties in previously-determined ages on stalagmites from under the same drips. For example, measured initial 230Th/232Th in calcite collected on substrates from different locations in the cave at Westcave Preserve are 15.3 × 0.67 ppm

  8. 232Th and 238U neutron emission cross section calculations and analysis of experimental data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tel, E.

    2004-01-01

    In this study, pre-equilibrium neutron-emission spectra produced by (n,xn) reactions on nuclei 2 32Th and 2 38U have been calculated. Angle-integrated cross sections in neutron induced reactions on targets 2 32Th and 2 38U have been calculated at the bombarding energies up to 18 MeV. We have investigated multiple pre-equilibrium matrix element constant from internal transition for 2 32Th (n,xn) neutron emission spectra. In the calculations, the geometry dependent hybrid model and the cascade exciton model including the effects of pre-equilibrium have been used. In addition, we have described how multiple pre-equilibrium emissions can be included in the Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin (FKK) fully quantum-mechanical theory. By analyzing (n,xn) reaction on 232 T h and 2 38U, with the incident energy from 2 Me V to 18 Me V, the importance of multiple pre-equilibrium emission can be seen cleady. All calculated results have been compared with experimental data. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data and found agreement with each other

  9. NORM assessment in water treatment systems/ Poços de Caldas –BR case

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferreira, A.M.; Villegas, R.A.S.; Fukuma, H.T.

    2015-01-01

    NORM is the acronym used to refer to naturally occurring radioactive materials. Besides being objects of study and monitoring such materials can be used as raw material or as by-products or waste of industrial activities. Oil and gas, mining and water treatment are examples of facilities that can handle NORM. In such cases, their concentration at significant levels from the perspective of environmental and occupational radiation protection may occur. This study aims to evaluate the presence of the natural radioactive 238 U and 232 Th series in the treatment of city water elements Poços de Caldas - MG (water, materials and waste). The study can serve as an indication of the necessity of a more detailed review in the locally and in the country on this radiological issue. (authors)

  10. Neutron induced fission cross sections for /sup 232/Th, /sup 235,238/U, /sup 237/Np and /sup 239/Pu from 1 to 400 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lisowski, P.W.; Ullmann, J.L.; Balestrini, S.J.; Carlson, A.D.; Wasson, O.A.; Hill, N.W.

    1988-01-01

    Neutron-induced fission cross section ratios for samples of /sup 232/Th, /sup 235,238/U, /sup 237/Np and /sup 239/Pu have been measured from 1 to 400 MeV. The fission reaction rate was determined for all samples simultaneously using a fast parallel plate ionization chamber at a 20-m flight path. A well characterized annular proton recoil telescope was used to measure the neutron fluence up to 30 MeV. These data provided the shape of the /sup 235/U(n,f) cross section relative to the hydrogen scattering cross section. That shape was then normalized to the very accurately known values were determined using the neutron fluence measured with a second proton recoil telescope. Cross section values for /sup 232/Th, /sup 238/U, /sup 237/Np, and /sup 239/Pu were computed from the ratio data using our values for /sup 235/U(n,f). In addition to providing new results at high neutron energies, these data resolve long standing discrepancies among different data sets. 1 ref., 1 fig.

  11. The fission cross sections of /sup 230/Th, /sup 232/Th, /sup 233/U, /sup 234/U, /sup 236/U, /sup 238/U, /sup 237/Np, /sup 239/Pu and /sup 242/Pu relative /sup 235/U at 14. 74 MeV neutron energy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Meadows, J.W.

    1986-12-01

    The measurement of the fission cross section ratios of nine isotopes relative to /sup 235/U at an average neutron energy of 14.74 MeV is described with particular attention to the determination of corrections and to sources of error. The results are compared to ENDF/B-V and to other measurements of the past decade. The ratio of the neutron induced fission cross section for these isotopes to the fission cross section for /sup 235/U are: /sup 230/Th - 0.290 +- 1.9%; /sup 232/Th - 0.191 +- 1.9%; /sup 233/U - 1.132 +- 0.7%; /sup 234/U - 0.998 +- 1.0%; /sup 236/U - 0.791 +- 1.1%; /sup 238/U - 0.587 +- 1.1%; /sup 237/Np - 1.060 +- 1.4%; /sup 239/Pu - 1.152 +- 1.1%; /sup 242/Pu - 0.967 +- 1.0%. 40 refs., 11 tabs., 9 figs.

  12. Physics concept on the constellation type fissile fuels and its application to the prospective Th-232U Reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Jiahua

    1994-01-01

    In contrast with the conventional nuclear reactor which usually fuelled with on single fissile nuclide, a constellation type fissile fuels reactor consists of a parent nuclide such as 232 Th or 238 U and its whole family of neutron generated daughter nuclides. All of them are regarded as fissile fuels but of quite different fission ability. The concentration of each daughter nuclide is determined by its saturate concentration ratio with the parent nuclide. In such fuel system, the whole fuel consumed by neutron reaction almost completely results in fission products. In this article, some properties of such fuel system, determination of the saturate concentration of each daughter nuclide and applicability to Th- 233 U fueled reactor will be discussed. 3 refs., 1 tab., 2 figs

  13. Ternary Fission of U{sup 235} by Resonance Neutrons; Fission Ternaire de {sup 235}U par des Neutrons de Resonance; 0422 0420 041e 0419 041d 041e 0415 0414 0415 041b 0415 041d 0418 0415 0423 0420 0410 041d 0410 -235 041d 0410 0420 0415 0417 041e 041d 0410 041d 0421 041d 042b 0425 041d 0415 0419 0422 0420 041e 041d 0410 0425 ; Fision Ternaria del {sup 235}U por Neutrones de Resonancia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kvitek, I.; Popov, Ju. P.; Rjabov, Ju. V. [Ob' edinennyj Institut Jadernyh Issledovanij, Dubna, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1965-07-15

    de presion. La capa de {sup 235}U enriquecido, de {approx}2 mg/cm{sup 2} de espesor y de {approx}300 cm{sup 2} de superficie, se coloco sobre una lamina de aluminio de 20 {mu}m de espesor. En el volumen gaseoso situado de un lado de la lamina, se registraron los destellos de los fragmentos de fision, por el otro, los de las particulas ligeras de largo alcance. Para evaluar la actividad de fondo (por ejemplo, la coincidencia de los impulsos de un fragmento con el impulso de un cuanto gamma de fision o de un proton procedente de la reaccion (n, p) en la lamina de aluminio se efectuaron mediciones en las que el volumen en el que se registraban las particulas de largo alcance, se protegio mediante un filtro de aluminio suplementario de 1 mm de espesor. Los resultados del experimento indican que la razon entre las fisiones ternarias y binarias del {sup 235}U no acusa las fuertes variaciones sena ladas por otros autores. En las mediciones no se observo ninguna irregularidad en la razon de las secciones eficaces en el intervalo energetico 0,1 -0,2 eV. En la memoria se discute la posible influencia de la reaccion (n, {alpha}) sobre los resultados experimentales en los que no se ha recurrido a la coincidencia de las particulas de largo alcance con los fragmentos de fision. (author) [Russian] V poslednee vremja pojavilis' raboty, v kotoryh ukazyvalos' na sushhestvennye kolebanija otnoshenija sechenija trojnogo delenija k secheniju dvojnogo delenija urana-235 pri perehode odnogo nejtronnogo rezonansa k drugomu. V to zhe vremja dlja urana-235 i plutonija-239 takih kolebanij obnaruzheno ne bylo. V nastojashhem doklade soobshhaetsja ob issledovanijah trojnogo delenija urana-235 na nejtronah s jenergiej 0,1-30 jev. V otlichie ot drugih rabot po trojnomu deleniju urana-235 akt trojnogo delenija identificirovalsja po sovpadenijam odnogo iz oskolkov delenija s legkoj dlinnoprobezhnoj chasticej. Jeto pozvoljalo otdelit' trojnye delenija ot. vozmozhnogo vklada reakcii (n, {alpha

  14. Levels of 210 Pb and 210 Po in Brazilian cigarettes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Pedro Lopes dos; Kelecom, Alphonse; Gouvea, Rita de Cassia dos Santos; Dutra, Iedo Ramos

    1996-01-01

    210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations have been determined in 18 Brazilian cigarette samples and compared with known data on U content. U is respectively 3-fold less and 4-fold less abundant than 210 Po or 210 Pb. No correlation could be observed between U concentration and those of Po or Pb. The mean concentration of 210 Pb is higher than that of 210 Pb observed in many other plants, even in plants frown in high background areas. (author)

  15. The radiochemical contamination (²¹⁰Po and ²³⁸U) of zone around phosphogypsum waste heap in Wiślinka (northern Poland).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boryło, Alicja; Skwarzec, Bogdan; Olszewski, Grzegorz

    2012-01-01

    The aim of this work was the determination of the impact of phosphogypsum waste heap in Wiślinka (northern Poland) for radiological protection of zone around waste heap. These studies are very important for the estimation of natural alpha radionuclides contents in the vicinity of phosphogypsum waste heap and for environmental pollution assessment of this area. The process of bioaccumulation of radionuclides in interior plants parts prove to examine their origin sources, too. The activity of (210)Po, (234)U, and (238)U were measured using an alpha spectrometer. The values of uranium and polonium concentration in water with immediate area of waste heap are considerably higher than in the waters of the Martwa Wisła river. The values of activity ratio (234)U/(238)U are approximately about one in the phosphogypsum (0.97 ± 0.05) and in the water of retention reservoir and pumping station (0.92 ± 0.01 and 0.99 ± 0.08), while in the water from the Martwa Wisła river they are slightly higher than one (1.03 ± 0.07 and 1.17 ± 0.06). In the analyzed plants species the highest amounts of polonium and uranium were found in ruderal plants samples (between 51 ± 1 and 89 ± 1 for (210)Po; between 36 ± 3 and 68 ± 3 for (238)U) as well as hygrophilous plant samples (18 ± 1 and 84 ± 3; 42 ± 2 and 130 ± 4, respectively for (210)Po and (238)U). The more amounts of (210)Po and (238)U radionuclides were accumulated mainly in the roots of plant species in comparison to green parts. The general conclusion of realized study is higher influence of phosphogypsum on radioactive contamination of environmental zone around heap waste in Wiślinka (northern Poland).

  16. Mass-yield distributions of fission products from 20, 32, and 45 MeV proton-induced fission of 232Th

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naik, H.; Goswami, A.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, K.; Suryanarayana, S. V.

    2013-10-01

    The yields of various fission products in the 19.6, 32.2, and 44.8 MeV proton-induced fission of 232Th have been determined by recoil catcher and an off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique using the BARC-TIFR Pelletron in India and MC-50 cyclotron in Korea. The mass-yield distributions were obtained from the fission product yield using the charge distribution corrections. The peak-to-valley (P/V) ratio of the present work and that of literature data for 232Th(p,f) and 238U(p,f) were obtained from the mass yield distribution. The present and the existing literature data for 232Th(p,f), 232Th(n,f), and 232Th( γ,f) at various energies were compared with those for 238U(p,f), 238U(n,f), and 238U( γ,f) to examine the probable nuclear structure effect. The role of Th-anomaly on the peak-to-valley ratio in proton-, neutron-, and photon-induced fission of 232Th was discussed with the similar data in 238U. On the other hand, the fine structure in the mass yield distributions of the fissioning systems at various excitation energies has been explained from the point of standard I and II asymmetric mode of fission besides the probable role of even-odd effect, A/ Z ratio, and fissility parameter.

  17. Certified reference materials for radionuclides in Bikini Atoll sediment (IAEA-410) and Pacific Ocean sediment (IAEA-412)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pham, M. K.; van Beek, P.; Carvalho, F. P.

    2016-01-01

    The preparation and characterization of certified reference materials (CRMs) for radionuclide content in sediments collected offshore of Bikini Atoll (IAEA-410) and in the open northwest Pacific Ocean (IAEA-412) are described and the results of the certification process are presented. The certified...... radionuclides include: 40K, 210Pb (210Po), 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 232Th, 234U, 238U, 239Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am for IAEA-410 and 40K, 137Cs, 210Pb (210Po), 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 232Th, 235U, 238U, 239Pu, 240Pu and 239+240Pu for IAEA-412. The CRMs can be used for quality assurance and quality control purposes...

  18. Transfer of {sup 40}K, {sup 238}U, {sup 210}Pb, and {sup 210}Po from soil to plant in various locations in south of Syria

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Al-Masri, M.S. [Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091 (Syrian Arab Republic)], E-mail: scientific1@aec.org.sy; Al-Akel, B.; Nashawani, A.; Amin, Y.; Khalifa, K.H.; Al-Ain, F. [Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091 (Syrian Arab Republic)

    2008-02-15

    Transfer factors of {sup 40}K, {sup 238}U, {sup 210}Pb, and {sup 210}Po from soil to some agriculture crops in various locations in south of Syria (Dara'a and Assuwaydaa districts) have been determined. Soil and vegetable crops (green pepper, cucumber, tomato, and eggplant), legumes crops (lentil, chickpea, and broad bean), fruit trees (apple, grape, and olives) and cereals (barley and wheat) were collected and analyzed for {sup 238}U, {sup 210}Pb, and {sup 210}Po. The results have shown that higher transfer factors (calculated as Bq kg{sup -1} dry wt. plant material per Bq kg{sup -1} dry wt. soil) for {sup 210}Po, {sup 210}Pb and {sup 238}U were observed in vegetable leaves than fruits and cereals leaves; the highest values of transfer factor (TF) for {sup 238}U were found to be 0.1 for straw of chickpea. Transfer factors for {sup 210}Po varied between 2.8 x 10{sup -2} and 2 in fruits of eggplant and grain of barley, respectively. In addition, several parameters affecting transfer factors of the radionuclides were evaluated. The results can be considered as base values for TF of natural radionuclides in the region.

  19. Determination of committed effective doses to skin due to 238U, 232Th and 222Rn from the application of various Moroccan black soap (Saboun Beldi) samples by members of the general public

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Misdaq, M. A.; Outeqablit, K.

    2010-01-01

    238 U, 232 Th, 222 Rn and 220 Rn concentrations were measured inside various Moroccan black soap samples widely used by the Moroccan population in traditional baths (Hammams) by using both CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors. The measured 238 U, 232 Th, 222 Rn and 220 Rn concentrations, respectively, ranged from (3.7±0.2) to (11.7±0.7) mBq kg -1 , (0.11±0.01) to (0.32±0.02) mBq kg -1 , (3.8±0.2) to (11.6±0.6) Bq kg -1 and (0.10±0.01) to (0.31±0.02) Bq kg -1 for the Moroccan black soap samples studied. The influence of pollution on the concentrations of these radionuclides inside the considered Moroccan black soap was investigated. A new dosimetric model for evaluating annual committed effective doses due to 238 U, 232 Th and 222 Rn to the skin of different age groups of the Moroccan populations from the application of the black soap samples studied was developed. The maximum total committed effective dose to the skin due to 238 U, 232 Th and 222 Rn from the application of unpolluted black soap samples 20 min per week by the Moroccan populations was found to be equal to (0.88±0.05) μSv y -1 cm -2 . (authors)

  20. A theory of piezoelectric, elastic, and dielectric properties of the KH2PO4 family crystals under the strain u6. Phase transition and the piezoelectric effect in the KH2PO4 crystal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levits'kij, R.R.; Lyisnij, B.M.

    2003-01-01

    In order to study the dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics of the KH 2 PO 4 family, we consider an extended proton tunneling model that takes into account the shear strain u 6 . In the four-particle cluster approximation for the short-range interactions and the mean field approximation for the long-range interaction we calculate the transverse components of the dielectric susceptibility tensor of the KH 2 PO 4 family ferroelectrics

  1. Binary and ternary photofission of thorium 232

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Titterton, E W; Brinkley, T A

    1950-05-01

    Work by Titterton and Goward (1949) has shown that uranium undergoes photofission into three charged fragments. Experiments have been conducted to determine whether a similar process takes place in the photofission of thorium. Some difficulties were encountered in loading plates with /sup 232/Th atoms, but this was finally accomplished by means of a technique described in detail. Plates loaded by this method were irradiated with a continuous spectrum of ..gamma.. rays of maximum energy 24 MeV from the (Atomic Energy Research Establishment) Synchrotron. Three irradiations, of 100, 150, and 180 r, were made and the resulting plates showed a fission density of 2.5 x 10/sup 4//cc at the 150 r level. In an examination involving 2500 binary photofissions, 5 cases of ternary fission involving the emission of a long range light fragment, probably an ..cap alpha..-particle, were observed. These events are described. A number-range curve was determined for the photofission tracks and is compared with a similar curve for tracks formed by the slow neutron fission of /sup 235/U in a D/sub 1/ emulsion under conditions of similar emulsion sensitivity. It appears that the energy release in the photofission of /sup 232/Th is smaller than that in the slow neutron fission of /sup 235/U. The data indicate that 124 MeV is the mean kinetic energy released in the photofission of /sup 232/Th.

  2. Distribution of radioactive pollution of {sup 238}U, {sup 232}Th, {sup 40}K and {sup 137}Cs in northwestern coasts of Persian Gulf, Iran

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reza Abdi, Mohammad [Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81747-73441 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: r.abdi@phys.ui.ac.ir; Kamali, Mehdi [Central Laboratory, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81747-73441 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Vaezifar, Sedigheh [Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81747-73441 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2008-04-15

    A reconnaissance study has been made of the distribution of {sup 238}U, {sup 232}Th, {sup 40}K and {sup 137}Cs and geochemical features in soils and sediments samples at various locations in the northwestern coast of Persian Gulf. Activity concentration levels due to radionuclides were measured in 30 soil and sediment samples collected from this region. From the measured spectra, activity concentrations were determined for {sup 40}K (range from 146 to 500 Bq kg{sup -1}), {sup 137}Cs (from 5 to 20 Bq kg{sup -1}), {sup 238}U (from 21 to 65 Bq kg{sup -1}) and {sup 232}Th (from 15 to 45 Bq kg{sup -1}) with lowest limit detection (LLD) of 68, 3.2, 4.3 and 4.3 Bq kg{sup -1}, respectively. The dose rate from ambient air at the soil ranges was between 19 and 58 nGy h{sup -1} with an average of 37.41 {+-} 9.66 nGy h{sup -1}.

  3. Mobility of radionuclides and trace elements in soil from legacy NORM and undisturbed naturally 232Th-rich sites.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mrdakovic Popic, Jelena; Meland, Sondre; Salbu, Brit; Skipperud, Lindis

    2014-05-01

    Investigation of radionuclides (232Th and 238U) and trace elements (Cr, As and Pb) in soil from two legacy NORM (former mining sites) and one undisturbed naturally 232Th-rich site was conducted as a part of the ongoing environmental impact assessment in the Fen Complex area (Norway). The major objectives were to determine the radionuclide and trace element distribution and mobility in soils as well as to analyze possible differences between legacy NORM and surrounding undisturbed naturally 232Th-rich soils. Inhomogeneous soil distribution of radionuclides and trace elements was observed for each of the investigated sites. The concentration of 232Th was high (up to 1685 mg kg(-1), i.e., ∼7000 Bq kg(-1)) and exceeded the screening value for the radioactive waste material in Norway (1 Bq g(-1)). Based on the sequential extraction results, the majority of 232Th and trace elements were rather inert, irreversibly bound to soil. Uranium was found to be potentially more mobile, as it was associated with pH-sensitive soil phases, redox-sensitive amorphous soil phases and soil organic compounds. Comparison of the sequential extraction datasets from the three investigated sites revealed increased mobility of all analyzed elements at the legacy NORM sites in comparison with the undisturbed 232Th-rich site. Similarly, the distribution coefficients Kd (232Th) and Kd (238U) suggested elevated dissolution, mobility and transportation at the legacy NORM sites, especially at the decommissioned Nb-mining site (346 and 100 L kg(-1) for 232Th and 238U, respectively), while the higher sorption of radionuclides was demonstrated at the undisturbed 232Th-rich site (10,672 and 506 L kg(-1) for 232Th and 238U, respectively). In general, although the concentration ranges of radionuclides and trace elements were similarly wide both at the legacy NORM and at the undisturbed 232Th-rich sites, the results of soil sequential extractions together with Kd values supported the expected differences

  4. Measurement of Fission Fragment Angular Distributions for 14 N+ 232 Th and 11 B+ 235 U at Near-Barrier Energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Behera, B.R.; Jena, S.; Satapathy, M.; Ison, V.V.; Kailas, S.; Chatterjee, A.; Shrivastava, A.; Mahata, K.; Satpathy, L.; Basu, P.; Roy, S.; Sharan, M.; Chatterjee, M.L; Datta, S.K.

    2000-01-01

    Fission fragment angular distributions of heavy-ion induced fission in actinide nuclei at near-barrier energies show anomalous fragment anisotropies. At above barrier energies entrance channel dependence is a probable cause and explanation in terms of pre-equilibrium fission and the critical mass asymmetry parameter (Businaro-Gallone) has been tried. Target deformation and ground state spin also seem to influence the measured anisotropy. To understand the extent of importance of some or all of these features, we performed a set of experiments where (i) entrance channel dependence (ii) mass asymmetry on the two sides of Businaro-Gallone and (iii) different ground state spins are present. The channels chosen are 14 N+ 232 Th and 11 B+ 235 U. Experiments were done using the Pelletron accelerators at NSC, New Delhi and BARC-TIFR, Bombay. Compound nucleus populated in both cases is 246 Bk. 232 Th has ground state spin zero and 235 U has spin 7/2. Fragment anisotropies have been measured from 10-15 % above barrier to 10 % below barrier at similar excitation energy (around 40 MeV to 58 MeV). The mean square angular momentum is matched at least at one energy. Results indicate that when both excitation energy and angular momentum are matched, there are differences in the measured values of fission anisotropies. This implies entrance channel dependence consistent with the expectation of pre-equilibrium fission model. (authors)

  5. Use of LabSOCS for determination of specific concentrations of {sup 40}K, {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th in fertilizer samples; Uso de LabSOCS no calculo da eficiencia de detecao para determinacao da concentracao especifica de {sup 40}K, {sup 238}U e {sup 232}Th em amostras de fertilizantes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Garcez, Ricardo Washington Dutra; Lopes, Jose Marques; Silva, Ademir Xavier da, E-mail: rgarcez@con.ufrj.br, E-mail: marqueslopez@yahoo.com.br [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia (COPPE/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Programa de Engenharia Nuclear; Domingues, Alessandro Mariano; Lima, Marco Frota, E-mail: slessandrodomingues@fisica.if.uff.br, E-mail: marcofrotalima@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Instituto de Biologia

    2015-07-01

    Use of fertilizer is an established practice worldwide to promote agricultural productivity increased without increasing the planted area, resulting in native forests protection and increase of the food availability. Some kinds of fertilizer have in their chemical composition some radionuclides due the origin of its feedstock, such as {sup 238}U, the {sup 232}Th, and their descendants, beyond {sup 40}K. Knowledge of the radioactivity levels in the environment is great importance to know the gamma radiation dose that the human being is exposed. For identification and quantitation of radionuclides, it was used gamma spectrometry where HPGe detector was used to obtain the spectra, and LabSOCS software for calculating the detection efficiency for each energy. The values of {sup 232}Th specific concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 368.1 Bq.Kg{sup -1} , the values of {sup 238}U specific concentrations ranged from 16.0 to 647.7 Bq.Kg{sup -1} and {sup 40}K specific concentrations ranged from 19.1 to 12713 Bq.Kg{sup -1} . Concentrations of values are consistent with those found in literature. (author)

  6. 17 CFR 232.11 - Definition of terms used in part 232.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... effect by a person executing or issuing it. If data are stored in a computer or similar device, any... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of terms used in part 232. 232.11 Section 232.11 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION...

  7. Mass-yield distributions of fission products from 20, 32, and 45 MeV proton-induced fission of {sup 232}Th

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Naik, H.; Goswami, A. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiochemistry Division, Mumbai (India); Kim, G.N.; Kim, K. [Kyungpook National University, Department of Physics, Daegu (Korea, Republic of); Suryanarayana, S.V. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Physics Division, Mumbai (India)

    2013-10-15

    The yields of various fission products in the 19.6, 32.2, and 44.8 MeV proton-induced fission of {sup 232}Th have been determined by recoil catcher and an off-line {gamma}-ray spectrometric technique using the BARC-TIFR Pelletron in India and MC-50 cyclotron in Korea. The mass-yield distributions were obtained from the fission product yield using the charge distribution corrections. The peak-to-valley (P/V) ratio of the present work and that of literature data for {sup 232}Th(p,f) and {sup 238}U(p,f) were obtained from the mass yield distribution. The present and the existing literature data for {sup 232}Th(p,f), {sup 232}Th(n,f), and {sup 232}Th({gamma},f) at various energies were compared with those for {sup 238}U(p,f), {sup 238}U(n,f), and {sup 238}U({gamma},f) to examine the probable nuclear structure effect. The role of Th-anomaly on the peak-to-valley ratio in proton-, neutron-, and photon-induced fission of {sup 232}Th was discussed with the similar data in {sup 238}U. On the other hand, the fine structure in the mass yield distributions of the fissioning systems at various excitation energies has been explained from the point of standard I and II asymmetric mode of fission besides the probable role of even-odd effect, A/Z ratio, and fissility parameter. (orig.)

  8. Determination of 230Th/232Th and correct methods by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Shengkai; Guo Dongfa; Tan Jing; Zhang Yanhui; Huang Qiuhong; Gao Aiguo

    2013-01-01

    It is very important for the rapid and reliable determination of 230 Th/ 232 Th in the thorium-230 dating. A method of measuring 230 Th/ 232 Th in natural samples by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS) was developed on the base of our former work. The precise and accurate of natural 230 Th in geology samples is challenging, as the peak tailing to the high intensity of neighboring peak at 232 Th and the mass discrimination of the instrument. The peak tailing of 238 U to 236 U was used to decrease the peak tailing effect of 232 Th to 230 Th. The mass discrimination factor K between ture and measured isotope ratio was calculated after measuring different 230 Th/ 232 Th ratio solutions. Lab used standard samples was digested in mixed acids of HN0 3 -HF-HCI-HCl0 4 , and separated by the Bio-rad AG 1 × 8 Cl - resin. The measurement method of blank-standard-blank-sample procession was used to determinate the 230 Th/ 232 Th. The measured result of 230 Th/ 232 Th was at (7.29 ± 0.34) × 10 -6 , which agreed with the reference value of (7.33 ± 0.17) × 10 -6 . (authors)

  9. Distribution of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs concentrations in soil samples nearby a nuclear laboratory, Capao Island, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oliveira Luciano S.R.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Absolute soil concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs samples were measured using high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The area of interest encompasses an embankment in a mangrove swamp in Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, called Capao Island, where nuclear, chemical and biological defense laboratories of the Brazilian Army Technology Center are in operation for more than 30 years. In order to ensure that no significant environmental impact has resulted from neutron physics experiments performed in a graphite exponential pile in addition to the operation of two cesium-driven irradiating facilities, radiation monitoring of the isotopes was carried out. A total of eight 250 ml soil samples were extracted within an area of 300 m x 300 m. No trace of 137Cs was detected and the measured levels of 238U were found to be close to the global mean. However, some data that slightly exceeded the expected normal range for 232Th (60 % of samples and 40K (20 % of samples should be attributed to the construction debris (cement, rocks, and sand used in the embankment at the site. Since there is no handling of those isotopes at that site or adjacent facilities that could affect their presence, it was concluded that no detectable contamination has occurred.

  10. 238U series isotopes and 232Th in carbonates and black shales from the Lesser Himalaya: implications to dissolved uranium abundances in Ganga-Indus source waters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, S.K.; Dalai, Tarun K.; Krishnaswami, S.

    2003-01-01

    238 U and 232 Th concentrations and the extent of 238 U- 234 U- 230 Th radioactive equilibrium have been measured in a suite of Precambrian carbonates and black shales from the Lesser Himalaya. These measurements were made to determine their abundances in these deposits, their contributions to dissolved uranium budget of the headwaters of the Ganga and the Indus in the Himalaya and to assess the impact of weathering on 238 U- 234 U- 230 Th radioactive equilibrium in them. 238 U concentrations in Precambrian carbonates range from 0.06 to 2.07 μg g -1 . The 'mean' U/Ca in these carbonates is 2.9 ng U mg -1 Ca. This ratio, coupled with the assumption that all Ca in the Ganga-Indus headwaters is of carbonate origin and that U and Ca behave conservatively in rivers after their release from carbonates, provides an upper limit on the U contribution from these carbonates, to be a few percent of dissolved uranium in rivers. There are, however, a few streams with low uranium concentrations, for which the carbonate contribution could be much higher. These results suggest that Precambrian carbonates make only minor contributions to the uranium budget of the Ganga-Indus headwaters in the Himalaya on a basin wide scale, however, they could be important for particular streams. Similar estimates of silicate contribution to uranium budget of these rivers using U/Na in silicates and Na* (Na corrected for cyclic and halite contributions) in river waters show that silicates can contribute significantly (∼40% on average) to their U balance. If, however, much of the uranium in these silicates is associated with weathering resistant minerals, then the estimated silicate uranium component would be upper limits. Uranium concentration in black shales averages about 37 μg g -1 . Based on this concentration, supply of U from at least ∼50 mg of black shales per liter of river water is needed to balance the average river water U concentration, 1.7 μg L -1 in the Ganga-Indus headwaters

  11. Determination of natural radionuclides, U, Th-232, Ra-226, Ra-228, Pb-210 and K-40 in sediments from CananÉIa-Iguape System, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jesus, Gleyka J.D.; Chiozzini, Vitor G.; Saueia, Cátia H.R.; Nisti, Marcelo B.; Braga, Elisabete S.; Fávaro, Deborah I.T.; Universidade de São Paulo

    2017-01-01

    The Cananéia-Iguape estuarine-lagoon complex, located in the south of São Paulo State, Brazil, is a protected area recognized by UNESCO as part of the Biosphere Reserve, due to its importance as a natural ecosystem. However, along the years, the mining activities in the region affected the river basin, to such an extent that contamination was observed for As, Cu, Pb and Zn. Since the mining activities can also enhance the levels of natural radioactivity in the sediments, this study aimed to determine the activity concentration of the natural radionuclides (K-40, U, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232 and Ra-228) in 34 bottom sediments samples collected in the Cananéia-Iguape system. The samples were measured by gamma spectrometry, using a HPGe for the determination of K-40, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228. The concentration of U and Th-232 was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The activity concentration of K-40 varied from 119 ± 17 to 522 ± 74 Bq kg"-"1; U-238 varied from 0.31 ± 0.05 to 5.8 ± 0.3 mg kg"-"1; Ra-226 varied from 3.7 ± 0.3 to 43.3 ± 1.5 Bq kg"-"1; Pb-210 varied from 5.8 ± 2.6 to 118 ± 12 Bq kg"-"1; Th-232 varied from 0.67 ± 0.02 to 16.6 ± 0.4 mg kg"-"1 and Ra-228 varied from 3.5 ± 0.6 to 64.9 ± 2.4 Bq kg"-"1. These results were compared with literature values for the region, indicating that they are the background of the region and no contamination was observed from NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) industries. (author)

  12. Determination of natural radionuclides, U, Th-232, Ra-226, Ra-228, Pb-210 and K-40 in sediments from CananÉIa-Iguape System, Brazil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jesus, Gleyka J.D.; Chiozzini, Vitor G.; Saueia, Cátia H.R.; Nisti, Marcelo B.; Braga, Elisabete S.; Fávaro, Deborah I.T., E-mail: gjdjesus@ipen.br, E-mail: chsaueia@ipen.br, E-mail: mbnisti@ipen.br, E-mail: defavaro@ipen.br, E-mail: vitor.chio@usp.br, E-mail: edsbraga@usp.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Instituto Oceanográfico

    2017-07-01

    The Cananéia-Iguape estuarine-lagoon complex, located in the south of São Paulo State, Brazil, is a protected area recognized by UNESCO as part of the Biosphere Reserve, due to its importance as a natural ecosystem. However, along the years, the mining activities in the region affected the river basin, to such an extent that contamination was observed for As, Cu, Pb and Zn. Since the mining activities can also enhance the levels of natural radioactivity in the sediments, this study aimed to determine the activity concentration of the natural radionuclides (K-40, U, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232 and Ra-228) in 34 bottom sediments samples collected in the Cananéia-Iguape system. The samples were measured by gamma spectrometry, using a HPGe for the determination of K-40, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228. The concentration of U and Th-232 was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The activity concentration of K-40 varied from 119 ± 17 to 522 ± 74 Bq kg{sup -1}; U-238 varied from 0.31 ± 0.05 to 5.8 ± 0.3 mg kg{sup -1}; Ra-226 varied from 3.7 ± 0.3 to 43.3 ± 1.5 Bq kg{sup -1}; Pb-210 varied from 5.8 ± 2.6 to 118 ± 12 Bq kg{sup -1}; Th-232 varied from 0.67 ± 0.02 to 16.6 ± 0.4 mg kg{sup -1} and Ra-228 varied from 3.5 ± 0.6 to 64.9 ± 2.4 Bq kg{sup -1}. These results were compared with literature values for the region, indicating that they are the background of the region and no contamination was observed from NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) industries. (author)

  13. Levels of {sup 210} Pb and {sup 210} Po in Brazilian cigarettes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, Pedro Lopes dos; Kelecom, Alphonse; Gouvea, Rita de Cassia dos Santos; Dutra, Iedo Ramos [Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Biologia Geral

    1996-12-01

    {sup 210} Po and {sup 210} Pb concentrations have been determined in 18 Brazilian cigarette samples and compared with known data on U content. U is respectively 3-fold less and 4-fold less abundant than {sup 210} Po or {sup 210} Pb. No correlation could be observed between U concentration and those of Po or Pb. The mean concentration of {sup 210} Pb is higher than that of {sup 210} Pb observed in many other plants, even in plants frown in high background areas. (author) 19 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

  14. Mass distributions in monoenergetic-neutron-induced fission of 232Th

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glendenin, L.E.; Gindler, J.E.; Ahmad, I.; Henderson, D.J.; Meadows, J.W.

    1980-01-01

    Fission product yields for 38 masses were determined for the fission of 232 Th with essentially monoenergetic neutrons of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.9, 6.4, 6.9, 7.6, and 8.0 MeV. Fission product activities were measured by Ge(Li) γ-ray spectrometry of irradiated 232 Th foils and by chemical separation of the fission product elements followed by β counting. The mass yield data for 232 Th(n,f ) show a sensitive increase of fission yields in the near-symmetric mass region (valley) with increasing incident neutron energy E/sub n/ and a pronounced dip in yield at the onset of second-chance fission just above the neutron binding energy (at approx. 6 MeV) where the excitation energy is lowered by competition with neutron evaporation prior to fission. The effect of second-chance fission is also seen in the yields of asymmetric peak products. A distinct third peak is observed at symmetry in the valley of the mass distribution, and enhanced yields are observed in the asymmetric peaks at masses associated with even Z (proton pairing effect). The fission yeilds of 232 Th(n,f ) are compared with those of 238 U(n,f ) and 232 Th

  15. Ultrasound guided pO2 measurement of breast cancer reoxygenation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and hyperthermia treatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vujaskovic, Z; Rosen, E L; Blackwell, K L; Jones, E L; Brizel, D M; Prosnitz, L R; Samulski, T V; Dewhirst, M W

    2003-01-01

    The objective of this study was to determine whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with hyperthermia (HT) would improve oxygenation in locally advanced breast tumours. The study describes a new optimized ultrasound guided technique of pO2 measurement using Eppendorf polarographic oxygen probes in 18 stage IIB-III breast cancer patients. Prior to treatment, tumour hypoxia (median pO2pO2=3.2 mmHg). Seven patients had well oxygenated tumours (median pO2 of 48.3 mmHg). Eight patients with hypoxic tumours prior to treatment had a significant improvement (p=0.0008) in tumour pO2 after treatment (pO2 increased to 19.2 mmHg). In three patients, tumours remained hypoxic (average median pO2=4.5 mmHg). The advantages of the ultrasound guided pO2 probe are in the accuracy of the Eppendorf electrode placement in tumour tissue, the ability to monitor electrode movement through the tumour tissue during the measurement and the ability to avoid electrode placement near or in large blood vessels by using colour Doppler imaging. The results of this preliminary study suggest that the combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and hyperthermia improves oxygenation in locally advanced breast tumours that are initially hypoxic.

  16. Low collectivity of the first 2+ states of 212,210Po

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kocheva, D.; Rainovski, G.; Jolie, J.; Pietralla, N.; Blazhev, A.; Astier, A.; Altenkirch, R.; Bast, M.; Beckers, M.; Ansari, S.; Braunroth, Th.; Cappellazzo, M.; Cortés, M. L.; Dewald, A.; Diel, F.; Djongolov, M.; Fransen, C.; Gladnishki, K.; Goldkuhle, A.; Hennig, A.; Karayonchev, V.; Keatings, J. M.; Kluge, E.; Kröll, Th.; Litzinger, J.; Moschner, K.; Müller-Gatermann, C.; Petkov, P.; Rudigier, M.; Scheck, M.; Spagnoletti, P.; Scholz, Ph.; Schmidt, T.; Spieker, M.; Stahl, C.; Stegmann, R.; Stolz, A.; Vogt, A.; Stoyanova, M.; Thöle, P.; Warr, N.; Werner, V.; Witt, W.; Wölk, D.; Zamora, J. C.; Zell, K. O.; Van Isacker, P.; Ponomarev, V. Yu.

    2018-05-01

    The lifetimes of the first 2+ excited states of 212,210Po were measured in two transfer reactions 208Pb(12C,8Be)212Po and 208Pb(12C,10Be)210Po by the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift (RDDS) method and by the Doppler Shift Attenuation method (DSAM), respectively. The derived absolute B(E2) values of 2.6(3) W.u. for 212Po and 1.83(28) W.u. for 210Po indicate low collectivity. It is shown that the properties of the yrast {2}1+, {4}1+, {6}1+ and {8}1+ states in both nuclei cannot be described consistently in the framework of nuclear shell models. It is also demonstrated in the case of 210Po that Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM) calculations cannot overcome this problem thus indicating the existence of a peculiarity which is neglected in both theoretical approaches.

  17. Poželjna obilježja sindikalnih vođa današnjice – percepcije različitih dionika o ulozi sindikalnih vođa u oživljavanju sindikata u Hrvatskoj

    OpenAIRE

    Pološki Vokić, Nina

    2013-01-01

    Značajno opadanje utjecaja sindikata u suvremenome društvu rasprostranjena je pojava u cijelome svijetu. Kao jedna od strategija oživljavanja sindikata navodi se razvoj sindikalnih čelnika odnosno kvalitetni sindikalni vođe. Naime, smatra se da u današnje turbulentno doba za sindikate, sindikalni čelnici trebaju biti sposobni napraviti zaokret – unijeti promjene u razmišljanje i djelovanje sindikata. U teorijskome dijelu rada opisuju se poželjna obilježja sindikalnih vođa današnjice – kako de...

  18. Measurement of the neutron-induced fission cross section of 232Th relative to 235U from 0.7 to 30 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Behzens, T.W.; Ables, E.; Browne, T.C.

    1982-01-01

    The authors have measured the fission cross-section ratio 232 Th: 235 U as a function of neutron energy from 0.7 to 30 MeV using ionization fission chambers, the threshold cross-section method, and the time-of-flight technique at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 100-MeV electron linear accelerator. The measured cross-section ratio, averaged over the neutron energy interval from 1.75 to 4.00 MeV, was 0.1086 + 0.0024

  19. Ocena urodynamiczna nietrzymania moczu po radykalnej prostatektomii - studium przypadku

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafał Święcicki

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Nietrzymanie moczu po radykalnej prostatektomii we wczesnym okresie po zabiegu występuje u około 30% operowanych, natomiast w okresie późnym, ponad rok po zabiegu, objawy wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu utrzymują się u około 5% badanych chorych. Obiektywnych danych na temat przyczyn i nasilenia nietrzymania moczu może dostarczyć kompleksowe badanie urodynamiczne. Zasadnicze znaczenie dla rokowania zależne jest od stopnia dysfunkcji aparatu zwieraczowego. Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena możliwości diagnostycznych pooperacyjnego nietrzymania moczu u chorego po prostatektomii radykalnej, na podstawie diagnostyki urodynamicznej. Materia! i metody: W pracowni urodynamicznej 10. Wojskowego Szpitala Klinicznego z Polikliniką (WSKzP wykonano kompleksowe badanie urodynamiczne u chorego skarżącego się na nietrzymanie moczu 12 miesięcy po radykalnej prostatektomii. W ramach badania wykonano przepływ cewkowy, cystometrię, badanie ciśnieniowo-przepływowe oraz profiłometrię spoczynkową. Wyniki: Maksymalne ciśnienie zamknięcia cewki moczowej było wyraźnie obniżone, do wartości 8 cm H20, c o sugerowało obecność wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu. Stwierdzono również objawy niestabilności wypieracza oraz cechy uszkodzenia mechanizmu zwieraczowego. Wynik ten miał duże znaczenie dla dalszych możliwości leczenia chorego. Wnioski: Kompleksowe badanie urodynamiczne ma istotne znaczenie w diagnozowaniu chorych z pooperacyjnym nietrzymaniu moczu.

  20. Retention and translocation of inhaled uranyl nitrate (233U and 232U) in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ballou, J.E.; Gies, R.A.; Wogman, N.A.

    1978-01-01

    The uranium-thorium breeder reactors proposed for nuclear power production, and other thorium fuel systems in conventional reactors, utilize fuels and fuel recycle process solutions that have not been evaluated for biological hazard. This project emphasizes studies of the metabolism of the oxide fuels and the nitrate solutions of the major radionuclides, following inhalation, ingestion, or cutaneous application in rodents. Preliminary data are reported for the clearance of inhaled 233 UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 and 232 UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 from the lung and their translocation to skeleton

  1. The transport characteristics of {sup 238}U, {sup 232}Th, {sup 226}Ra, and {sup 40}K in the production cycle of phosphate rock

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jung, Yoon Hee; Lim, Jong Myoung; Ji, Young Yong; Chung, Kun Ho; Kang, Mun Ja [Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2017-03-15

    Phosphate rock and its by-product are widely used in various industries to produce phosphoric acid, gypsum, gypsum board, and fertilizer. Owing to its high level of natural radioactive nuclides (e.g., 238U and 226Ra), the radiological safety of workers who work with phosphate rock should be systematically managed. In this study, 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K levels were measured to analyze the transport characteristics of these radionuclides in the production cycle of phosphate rock. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and gamma spectrometry were used to determine the activity of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K. To evaluate the extent of secular disequilibrium, the analytical results were compared using statistical methods. Finally, the distribution of radioactivity across different stages of the phosphate rock production cycle was evaluated. The concentration ratios of 226Ra and 238U in phosphate rock were close to 1.0, while those found in gypsum and fertilizer were extremely different, reflecting disequilibrium after the chemical reaction process. The nuclide with the highest activity level in the production cycle of phosphate rock was 40K, and the median 40K activity was 8.972 Bq·g−1 and 1.496 Bq·g−1, respectively. For the 238U series, the activity of 238U and 226Ra was greatest in phosphate rock, and the distribution of activity values clearly showed the transport characteristics of the radionuclides, both for the byproducts of the decay sequences and for their final products. Although the activity of 40K in k-related fertilizer was relatively high, it made a relatively low contribution to the total radiological effect. However, the activity levels of 226Ra and 238U in phosphate rock were found to be relatively high, near the upper end of the acceptable limits. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically manage the radiological safety of workers engaged in phosphate rock processing.

  2. Speciation analysis of 129I, 137Cs, 232Th, 238U, 239Pu and 240Pu in environmental soil and sediment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Qiao, Jixin; Hansen, Violeta; Hou, Xiaolin

    2012-01-01

    The environmental mobility and bioavailability of radionuclides are related to their physicochemical forms, namely species. We here present a speciation analysis of important radionuclides including 129I (also 127I), 137Cs, 232Th, 238U and plutonium isotopes (239Pu and 240Pu) in soil (IAEA-375......) and sediment (NIST-4354) standard reference materials and two fresh sediment samples from Øvre Heimdalsvatnet Lake, Norway. A modified sequential extraction protocol was used for the speciation analysis of these samples to obtain fractionation information of target radionuclides. Analytical results reveal...

  3. Electrodisintegration of 232Th by neutron emission

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Terremoto, L.A.A.

    1986-01-01

    The one neutron decay of the giant electric quadrupole resonance was studied by means of electrodisintegration and photodisintegration reactions. The separation of the multipole components of the photonuclear cross section σ γ,n (E) in 232 90 Th was also performed. The 232 Th(e,n) 231 Th cross section and the 232 Th(B,n) 231 Th bremsstrahlung yield were measured in the incident electron energy range 8-60 MeV and 25-60 MeV, respectively. These measurements have been performed using the electron beam of the Linear Accelerator of the IFUSP and the experimental technique of activation analysis. The virtual photon spectra corrected for nuclear finite size in the analysis of the experimental data obtained in order to separate the multipole components of the photonuclear cross section, was used. An electric dipole component σ EL γ,n (E) that exhausts (60+-7)% of the El sum rule (integrated uσ to 16,5 MeV) was shown. This result is in agreement with the one Obtained in experiments where monoenergetic photons were used. An electric quadrupole component σ E2 γ,n (E) whose value corresponds to (32+-6)% of the E2 sum rule, was also obtained. (author) [pt

  4. The Determination of the Half-Life of U{sup 238} by Absolute Counting of {alpha} Particles in a 4 {pi}-Liquid Scintillation Counter; Determination de la periode de l'U{sup 238} au moyen du comptage absolu de particules {alpha} dans un comtpeur 4 {pi} a scintillateur liquide; Opredelenie perioda poluraspadda U{sup 238} posredstvom absolyutnogo scheta {alpha}-chastits v zhidkostnom stsintillyatsionnom schetchike 4 {pi}; Determinacion del periodo del U{sup 238} por recuento absoluto de las particulas {alpha} con un contador 4 {pi} de centelleador liquido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Steyn, J; Strelow, F W. E. [Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria (South Africa)

    1960-06-15

    The specific activity of natural uranium was determined by liquid scintillation {alpha}-counting. Uranium was extracted from its decay products by methyl isobutyl ketone extraction and samples of this solution were added directly to the liquid scintillator. A quantitative investigation was made of the separation of uranium from thorium by the extraction method employed. Assuming that U{sup 238} and U{sup 234} were in equilibrium, and correcting for the presence of U{sup 235}, the specific activity and the half-life of the isotope U{sup 238} were calculated. (author) [French] L'activite specifique de l'uranium naturel est determinee au moyen d'un comptage a par scintillateur liquide. L'uranium est separe de ses produits de desintegration par une extraction a la methylisobutylceton e et des echantillons de cette solution sont ajoutes directement au scintillateur liquide. On fait une etude quantitative de la separation de l'uranium et du thorium par le procede d'extraction utilise. En admettant que U{sup 238} et U{sup 234} sont en equilibre et en faisant la correction voulue pour tenir compte de la presence de U{sup 235}, on calcule l'activite specifique et la periode de U{sup 238}. (author) [Spanish] La actividad especifica del uranio natural se determino con un contador {alpha} de centelleador liquido. El uranio se separo de productes de desintegracion por extraccion con metilisobutilcetona, y muestras de esta solucion se anadieron directamente al centelleador liquido. Se estudio cuantitativament e el grado de separacion uranio/torio alcanzado con el metodo de extraccion empleado. Introduciendo correcciones para tener en cuenta la presencia de U{sup 235}, se calculo la actividad especifica y el periodo de semidesintegracio n del U{sup 238} suponiendo que este isotopo se encontraba en equilibrio con el U{sup 234}. (author) [Russian] Spetsificheskaya aktivnost' estestvennogo urana byla opredelena s pomoshch'yu zhidkostnogo stsintillyatsionnog o schetchika {alpha

  5. Experimental 233U nondestructive assay with a random driver

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goris, P.

    1979-01-01

    Nondestructive assay (NDA) of 233 U in quantities up to 15 grams containing 7 ppM 232 U age 2 years was investigated with a random driver. A passive singles counting technique showed a reproducibility within 0.2% at the 95% confidence level. This technique would be applicable throughout a process in which all of the 233 U had the same 232 U content at the same age. Where the 232 U content varies, determination of 233 U fissile content would require active NDA. Active coincidence counting utilizing a 238 Pu, Li neutron source and a plastic scintillator detector system showed a reproducibility limit within 15% at the 95% confidence limit. The active technique was found to be very dependent on the detector system resolving time in order to make proper random coincidence corrections associated with the high gamma activity from the 232 U decay chain

  6. Daily ingestion of 232Th, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in vegetables by inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro City

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, E.E.; Lauria, D.C.; Amaral, E.C.S.; Rochedo, E.R.

    2002-01-01

    The concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides 232 Th, 238 U, 210 Pb, 226 Ra and 228 Ra were determined in the vegetables (leafy vegetables, fruit, root, bean and rice) and derived products (sugar, coffee, manioc flour, wheat flour, corn flour and pasta) consumed most by the adult inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro City. A total of 88 samples from 26 different vegetables and derived products were analyzed. The highest contribution to radionuclide intake arises from bean, wheat flour, manioc flour, carrot, rice, tomato and potato consumption. The estimated daily intakes due to the consumption of vegetables and derived products are 1.9 mBq of 232 Th (0.47 μg), 2.0 mBq of 238 U (0.17 μg), 19 mBq of 226 Ra, 26 mBq of 210 Pb and 47 mBq of 228 Ra. The estimated annual effective dose due to the ingestion of vegetables and their derived products with the long-lived natural radionuclides is 14.5 μSv. Taking into account literature data for water and milk from Rio de Janeiro the dose value increases to 29 μSv, with vegetables and derived products responsible for 50% of the dose and water for 48%. 210 Pb (62%) and 228 Ra (24%) were found to be the main sources for internal irradiation

  7. 48 CFR 232.702 - Policy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Policy. 232.702 Section 232.702 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Contract Funding 232.702 Policy. Fixed-price...

  8. Nuclear reactor for breeding 233U

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bohanan, C.S.; Jones, D.H.; Raab, H.F. Jr.; Radkowsky, A.

    1976-01-01

    A light-water-cooled nuclear reactor capable of breeding 233 U for use in a light-water breeder reactor includes physically separated regions containing 235 U fissile material and 238 U fertile material and 232 Th fertile material and 239 Pu fissile material, if available. Preferably the 235 U fissile material and 238 U fertile material are contained in longitudinally movable seed regions and the 239 Pu fissile material and 232 Th fertile material are contained in blanket regions surrounding the seed regions. 1 claim, 5 figures

  9. 7 CFR 58.232 - Milk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Milk. 58.232 Section 58.232 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections....232 Milk. Raw milk shall meet the requirements as outlined in §§ 58.132 through 58.138 and, unless...

  10. 28 CFR 23.2 - Background.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Background. 23.2 Section 23.2 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS OPERATING POLICIES § 23.2 Background. It is... potential threats to the privacy of individuals to whom such data relates, policy guidelines for Federally...

  11. Extension of the Th-232 burnup chain in the WIMSD/4 program library

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Caldeira, A.D.

    1991-07-01

    The Th-232 burnup chain was extended through U-236, in the WIMSD/4 program library. The evolution of the values of k i nf and U-235 number density, as function of time, for the modified TRX1 problem, calculated with the new library, shows an improvement in the results when compared with LEOPARD program. (author)

  12. Une poétique du vœu : inspiration poétique et mystique impériale dans le poème XIX (et quelques autres d’Optatianus Porfyrius

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marie-Odile Bruhat

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available La majorité des poèmes d’Optatianus Porfyrius qui nous sont parvenus est dédiée à l’empereur Constantin et consacrée à son éloge. Mais dans cette poésie visuelle d’un nouveau genre, la célébration de l’art poétique tient une place aussi importante que la célébration impériale. Comment considérer le discours proprement poétique d’Optatianus ? Est-il simplement juxtaposé au discours politique ? Relève-t-il d’une pure convention ornementale ? Ces questions sont d’autant plus pertinentes que, loin de présenter le procédé visuel dont il est l’inventeur comme un art technicien, Optatianus revendique le double titre de poiètès et de uates et convoque les divinités de l’inspiration, Phébus et les Muses, alors même que ses poèmes se font l’écho de la nouvelle théologie chrétienne du pouvoir. La réponse apparaît double. D’une part, la poésie d’Optatianus peut être définie comme votive. Ses poèmes s’inscrivent dans la liturgie du pouvoir, c’est-à-dire dans le cadre d’une théologie impériale qui repose sur l’affirmation de l’éternité de la victoire et sur le renouvellement du charisme victorieux à travers le rituel des voeux. Par son discours sur Phébus et les Muses, Optatianus met en place une véritable poétique du voeu, qui consiste à couler la mystique de l’inspiration dans le moule de la mystique impériale. D’autre part, ce projet poétique répond à bien des égards à l’attente impériale. Il rencontre la volonté de Constantin de développer une politique culturelle, et se plie à quelques traits caractéristiques de sa religiosité : conviction de la nécessité du secours divin dans les actions humaines, d’une inspiration divine dont Constantin a fait lui-même l’expérience, attention aux signes et aux visions, attachement à un charisme solaire qui coexiste sous une forme « neutralisée » avec sa foi chrétienne. Le poème XIX, composé à l

  13. Determination of 228Th, 230Th, and 232Th in environmental samples from uranium mining and milling operations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Durham, R.W.; Joshi, S.R.

    1979-01-01

    A method is described for the determination of 228 Th, 230 Th, and 232 Th in environmental samples from uranium mining and milling operations. The analytical procedure is based on the direct determination of 228 Th in the sample by high resolution γ-spectrometry followed by extraction and purification of the thorium fraction using high molecular weight amines and an anion-exchange technique, respectively, prior to α-spectrometry to determine isotopic ratios. The lowest level of detection for each thorium isotope is 0.01 pCi/g for solid samples and 20 pCi/l for aqueous samples. Replicate analyses of a typical mine waste stream gave a standard deviation of +-3% for 228 Th. Standard deviations of the 230 Th and 232 Th increased to +-11% apparently due to traces of 210 Po interfering in the α-spectrometry. (author)

  14. 49 CFR 232.11 - Penalties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... hazard of death or injury to persons, or has caused death or injury, a penalty not to exceed $100,000 per... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Penalties. 232.11 Section 232.11 Transportation...-TRAIN DEVICES General § 232.11 Penalties. (a) Any person (including but not limited to a railroad; any...

  15. Assessment of radiological impact in mineral industrial plants caused by deposition of wastes with U238 and/or Th232 associated

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ladeira, Paula C.; Alves, Rex Nazare; Ruperti Junior, Nerbe J.

    2011-01-01

    The industrial-mining facilities constantly produce, in Brazil and in abroad, wastes from its production, many times containing uranium and/or thorium associated. Due to the large quantities generated, these wastes are usually deposited at the site of the facility, close to the place where they were produced. Since the chains of radioactive U 238 and Th 232 with alpha-emitting radionuclides have long half-life, waste deposits associated with these elements may cause radiological impact on the man and on the environment, even in the long term. Mathematical models are often used to represent the biosphere and the transport of radionuclides near to the surface. Thus, it was decided, through the software M athematica , to present a methodology based on the solution of Bateman equations for the calculation of radiological impact on individuals from the public exposed to contamination. The radiological impact appraisal was carried out considering a scenario of intrusion into landfills containing U 238 and / or Th 232 in post-operational phase of an industrial-mining installation. The critical group examined was represented by farmers who used water from an artesian well for daily consumption and which feed themselves on vegetables locally grown in clay soil. As a result, there was the exposure in pathways evaluated, a minor contribution of dose for ingestion of contaminated water. The conclusion of this work, show us that calculated doses were within the accepted international limits for the intrusion scenario. Parameters associated with mathematical models defining the choice of project to build a landfill for the purpose of deposition, whereas rates of doses can be estimated in each of the scenarios proposed. (author)

  16. Impulse transfer and light particles emission during the reaction α + 232Th at 70 MeV/u

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen, M.S.

    1988-02-01

    We have measured during the reaction 4 He + 232 Th at 70 MeV/u the angular correlation of heavy fragments of fission, the inclusive energy spectra of light particles (p, d, t, 3 He and α) and triple coincidence between two fission fragments and a light ejectile. Energy spectra show an evaporation component at low energy, a component of projectile fragmentation at energy equivalent to beam velocity and an intermediate component attributed to pre-equilibrium emission. The analysis of the correlation between linear momentum transfer to the fissioning nucleus and the characteristics of the ejectile in coincidence shows a phenomenon of incomplete massive transfer. We run an Intra-Nuclear Cascade (INC) computation to reproduce ejectile energy spectra, but the agreement with experiment was very bad. We conclude to the impossibility to apply INC computation at intermediate energy of 70 MeV/u. We also applied Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) for direct transfer reaction extended to continuum states: but the agreement with experiment was again deceiving. Finally, we used an analysis by moving sources for which we propose a model of generalized fragmentation giving a continuous representation of the emission source phenomenon from low energy up to high energy [fr

  17. Rare-gas yields in 238U and 232Th fission by 14MeV neutrons, measured by an emanating method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feu Alvim, C.A.; Bocquet, J.P.; Brissot, R.; Crancon, J.; Moussa, A.

    1977-01-01

    A direct method, using emanation of rare gases by uranyle stearate and thorium stearate, has been applied to the measurement of cumulative fractional yields of certain isotopes of krypton and xenon, in the fissions of 238 U and 232 Th by 14MeV-neutrons. The independent yields of the same isotopes were measured previously by means of isotopic on-line separation. From these results, the widths of the mass and charge distributions, the relative chain yields, the fractional cumulative yields of certain bromine and iodine isotopes, the values of Zsub(p) the most probable charge, in the isobaric chains 87-93 and 137-142, and the elemental yields of krypton and xenon were calculated [fr

  18. 48 CFR 1553.232 - Contract financing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Contract financing. 1553.232 Section 1553.232 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CLAUSES AND FORMS FORMS Prescription of Forms 1553.232 Contract financing. ...

  19. Annex VII - Diagrams: 1. Reactor operation (1960-1977); 2. Mean daily reactor power density in 1977; 3. Monthly reactor power for 1977; 4. percent of utilization of experimental space in 1977; Prilog VII - Dijagrami: 1. Rad reaktora (MWh) po godinama (1960-1977); 2. Srednja dnevna snaga reaktora u 1977. godini; 3. Rad reaktora (MWh) po mesecima za 1977. godinu i 4. Procenat iskoriscenja eksperimentalnog prostora u 1977. godini

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1977-12-15

    This Annex includes the following diagrams: 1. Annual Reactor RA power production (MWh) for the period from 1960-1977; 2. Mean daily reactor power density MW in 1977; 3. Monthly reactor power production (MWh) for 1977; 4. percent of utilization of experimental space in 1977. [Serbo-Croat] Ovaj prilog sadrzi dijagrame: 1. Rad reaktora (MWh) po godinama (1960-1977); 2. Srednja dnevna snaga reaktora u 1977. godini; 3. Rad reaktora (MWh) po mesecima za 1977. godinu i 4. Procenat iskoriscenja eksperimentalnog prostora u 1977. godini.

  20. Radioactivity in honey of the central Italy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meli, Maria Assunta; Desideri, Donatella; Roselli, Carla; Feduzi, Laura; Benedetti, Claudio

    2016-07-01

    Natural radionuclides and (137)Cs in twenty seven honeys produced in a region of the Central Italy were determined by alpha ((235)U, (238)U, (210)Po, (232)Th and (228)Th) and gamma spectrometry ((137)Cs, (40)K, (226)Ra and (228)Ra). The study was carried out in order to estimate the background levels of natural ((40)K, (238)U and (232)Th and their progeny) and artificial radionuclides ((137)Cs) in various honey samples, as well as to compile a data base for radioactivity levels in that region. (40)K showed a mean activity of 28.1±23.0Bqkg(-1) with a range of 7.28-101Bqkg(-1). The mean of (210)Po activity resulted 0.40±0.46Bqkg(-1) with a range of 0.03-1.98Bqkg(-1). The mean of (238)U activity resulted 0.020±0.010Bqkg(-1). (226)Ra and (228)Ra resulted always <0.34 and <0.57Bqkg(-1) respectively, (235)U, (228)Th and (232)Th were always <0.007Bqkg(-1). (137)Cs resulted <0.10Bqkg(-1) in all samples. The committed effective doses due to (210)Po from ingestion of honey for infants, children and adults account for 0.002-5.13% of the natural radiation exposure in Italy. The honeys produced in Central Italy were of good quality in relation to the studied parameters, confirming the general image of a genuine and healthy food associated to this traditional products. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. The transport characteristics of "2"3"8U, "2"3"2Th, "2"2"6Ra, and "4"0K in the production cycle of phosphate rock

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jung, Yoon Hee; Lim, Jong Myoung; Ji, Young Yong; Chung, Kun Ho; Kang, Mun Ja

    2017-01-01

    Phosphate rock and its by-product are widely used in various industries to produce phosphoric acid, gypsum, gypsum board, and fertilizer. Owing to its high level of natural radioactive nuclides (e.g., 238U and 226Ra), the radiological safety of workers who work with phosphate rock should be systematically managed. In this study, 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K levels were measured to analyze the transport characteristics of these radionuclides in the production cycle of phosphate rock. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and gamma spectrometry were used to determine the activity of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K. To evaluate the extent of secular disequilibrium, the analytical results were compared using statistical methods. Finally, the distribution of radioactivity across different stages of the phosphate rock production cycle was evaluated. The concentration ratios of 226Ra and 238U in phosphate rock were close to 1.0, while those found in gypsum and fertilizer were extremely different, reflecting disequilibrium after the chemical reaction process. The nuclide with the highest activity level in the production cycle of phosphate rock was 40K, and the median 40K activity was 8.972 Bq·g−1 and 1.496 Bq·g−1, respectively. For the 238U series, the activity of 238U and 226Ra was greatest in phosphate rock, and the distribution of activity values clearly showed the transport characteristics of the radionuclides, both for the byproducts of the decay sequences and for their final products. Although the activity of 40K in k-related fertilizer was relatively high, it made a relatively low contribution to the total radiological effect. However, the activity levels of 226Ra and 238U in phosphate rock were found to be relatively high, near the upper end of the acceptable limits. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically manage the radiological safety of workers engaged in phosphate rock processing

  2. New equations to calculate temperature correction factors for PO2 in human blood.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Inaba, H; Ohwada, T; Sato, J; Mizuguchi, T; Hirasawa, H

    1986-01-01

    Effects of hemoglobin concentration (Hb), pH, and body temperature (T) on the relationships between delta log PO2/delta T and PO2 were studied by means of a mathematical model using a Newton-Raphson iteration method. The functions between delta log PO2/delta T and PO2 were affected by the above three factors. New equations considering the effects of Hb, pH, and T were proposed by modifying the equation reported by Severinghaus: delta log PO2/delta T = (L +(U-L)/(A(vPO237)B + 1))(10(-2) where U = 3.15-0.45(7.4-pH37) L = 0.68-0.09(7.4-pH37) A = 5.86(exp10(0.074(T)-0.294(7.4-pH37)-11))((Hb)0.913) B = 6.33(exp10(-0.0051(T)))((Hb)-0.113) + 0.24(7.4-pH37) and vPO237 is virtual PO237 which may exist when PO237 is corrected to standard conditions (pH = 7.4, BE = 0) by the following equations: vPO237 = PO237(exp10(fB(7.4-pH37)-0.0013(BE))) fB = (PO237/26.6)0.08-1.52 where fB is the Bohr factor. The above equations provided values of delta log PO2/delta T which fit closely to those obtained by the complex iteration method with maximum differences of less than 1.3 X 10(-3) at T = 27, indicating that maximum % errors for PO2 at T (PO2T) are less than 3.0% at T = 27 and that our equations can be applied over a wide range of Hb, pH37 and T.

  3. Analysis of radioactivity in coal, cinders, fly ash and discharges from the stack

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meide, A.

    1985-01-01

    Gamma measurements of coal samples originating from several supplying countries proved that the South African coal has about double U-238 and Ra-226 concentration and about treble Th-232 concentration compared to coal from the other countries. Gamma measurements of coal, cinders and fly ash samples from five coal-fueled plants indicate somewhat higher concentrations of Th-232 in cinders and U-238 and Th-232 in fly ashes than those described in literature. The ratio Po-210/Pb-210 was about 2 for fly ash particulates <35μ. A positive correlation between ash percentage and radioactivity of coal might be assumed. (EG)

  4. 8 CFR 232.3 - Arriving aliens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Arriving aliens. 232.3 Section 232.3 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS DETENTION OF ALIENS FOR PHYSICAL AND MENTAL EXAMINATION § 232.3 Arriving aliens. When a district director has reasonable grounds...

  5. A study of rates of (n, f), (n, γ), and (n, 2n) reactions in natU and 232Th produced by the neutron fluence in the graphite set-up (gamma-3) irradiated by 2.33 GeV deuteron beam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adam, J.; Chitra Bhatia; Katovskij, K.

    2011-01-01

    Spallation neutrons produced in a collision of 2.33 GeV deuteron beam with the large lead target are moderated by the thick graphite block surrounding the target and used to activate the radioactive samples of nat U and Th put at the three different positions, identified as holes 'a', 'b' and 'c' in the graphite block. Rates of the (n, f), (n, γ), and (n, 2n) reactions in the two samples are determined using the gamma spectrometry. Ratio of the experimental reaction rates, R(n, 2n)/R(n, f) for the 232 Th and nat U are estimated in order to understand the role of reactions of (n, xn) type in Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems. For the Th-sample, the ratio is ∼ 54(10)% in case of hole 'a' and ∼ 95(57)% in case of hole 'b' compared to 1.73(20)% for the hole 'a' and 0.710(9)% for the hole 'b' in case of the nat U sample. Also the ratio of fission rates in uranium to thorium, nat U(n, f)/ 232 Th(n, f), is ∼ 11.2(17) in case of hole 'a' and 26.8(85) in hole 'b'. Similarly, ratio 238 U(n, 2n)/ 232 Th(n, 2n) is 0.36(4) for the hole 'a' and 0.20(10) for the hole 'b' showing that 232 Th is more prone to the (n, xn) reaction than 238 U. All the experimental reaction rates are compared with the simulated ones by generating neutron fluxes at the three holes from MCNPX 2.6c and making use of LA150 library of cross sections. The experimental and calculated rates of all the three reactions are in good agreement. The transmutation power of the set-up is estimated using the rates of (n, γ) and (n, 2n) reactions for both the samples in the three holes and compared with some of the results of the 'Energy plus Transmutation' set-up and TARC experiment

  6. Role of PO4 tetrahedron in LiFePO4 and FePO4 system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeng, Yuewu

    2015-06-01

    Using high resolution transmission electron microscopy with image simulation and Fourier analysis, the Li1- x FePO4 (x < 0.01), Li1- x FePO4 (x ∼ 0.5), and FePO4 particles, prepared by charging or discharging the 053048 electrochemical cells (thickness: 5 mm, width: 30 mm, height: 48 mm) and dismantled inside an Ar-filled dry box, were investigated. The high resolution images reveal: (1) the solid solution of Li1- x FePO4 (x < 0.01) contains some missing Li ions leading PO4 group distorted around M1 tunnel of the unit cell; (2) the texture of the particles of Li1- x FePO4 (x ∼0.5) has homogeneously distributed compositional domains of LiFePO4 and FePO4 resulting from spinodal decomposition which promote Li ion easily getting into the particle due to uphill diffusion, (3) the particles of FePO4 formed in charging have heavily distorted lattice and contain some isolated LiFePO4 , (4) interface between LiFePO4 and FePO4 and between amorphous and crystal region provides the lattice distortion of small polarons. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Sequential determination of U and Th isotopes, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, and 210Po in mushroom

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rosa, Mychelle M.L.; Taddei, Maria Helena T.; Dias, Fabiana F.; Maihara, Vera A.

    2009-01-01

    For this study, mushroom samples were collected in Brazil at the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region and at the Pocos de Caldas Plateau (PC; a region of elevated natural radioactivity, which houses the first Brazilian uranium mine). This paper discusses a sequential methodology to determine natural series radionuclides in mushrooms, such as uranium ( 238 U and 234 U) and thorium ( 232 Th, 230 Th, and 228 Th) isotopes, radium-226, radium-228, as well as lead-210 and polonium-210; using Alpha Spectrometry, Gamma Spectrometry, and Total Alpha and Beta Counting. The method involves total sample dissolution in a closed system in order to avoid loss of Polonium and employment of specific chromatographic resins for radionuclide purification. A subsequent interpretation of the results can provide information on pollutants present in mushrooms and infer possible contamination in the areas sampled as well as allow an association of measured concentrations to radioactive anomalies in the Plateau. (author)

  8. Diagrams about RA reactor operation, Annex 7; Prilog 7 - Rad reaktora RA po godinama - dijagrami

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martinc, R [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

    1976-01-15

    This Annex 7 includes diagrams about RA reactor operation (MWh) from 1960-1975; mean values of reactor power per day and month in 1975, and percent of utilisation of experimental space during 1975. [Serbo-Croat] Ovaj prilog sadrzi dijagrame o radu reaktora (MWh) po godinama (1960-1975); srednje vrednosti dnevne snage reaktora u 1975. godini; rad reakrora (MWh) po mesecima u 1975; procenat iskoriscenja eksperimentalnog prostora u 1975. godini.

  9. 24 CFR 232.560 - Interest rate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Interest rate. 232.560 Section 232... Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.560 Interest rate. (a) The loan shall bear interest at the rate agreed upon by the lender and the borrower. (b) Interest shall be payable in monthly installments...

  10. A four phases model to simulate the dispersion of 226Ra, 238U and 232Th in an estuary affected by phosphate rock processing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perianez, R.; Abril, J.M.; Garcia-Leon, M.

    1997-01-01

    A numerical model to simulate the dispersion of non conservative radionuclides in tidal waters has been developed. The model includes four phases: water, suspended matter and two grain size sediment fractions. Ionic exchanges between water and the solid phases have been formulated in terms of kinetic transfer coefficients instead of distribution coefficients, because the model was developed for nonequilibrium conditions. The model simultaneously solves the shallow water hydrodynamic equations, the suspended matter dispersion equation and the four equations which give the time evolution of specific activity in each phase. The model has been applied to the Odiel river (southwest Spain), where a phosphate complex releases its wastes. It gives good results in predicting concentrations of 226 Ra, 238 U and 232 Th in water, suspended matter, distribution coefficients and Th/U mass rations. (author)

  11. Spatial variability of initial 230Th/ 232Th in modern Porites from the inshore region of the Great Barrier Reef

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clark, Tara R.; Zhao, Jian-xin; Feng, Yue-xing; Done, Terry J.; Jupiter, Stacy; Lough, Janice; Pandolfi, John M.

    2012-02-01

    The main limiting factor in obtaining precise and accurate uranium-series (U-series) ages of corals that lived during the last few hundred years is the ability to constrain and correct for initial thorium-230 ( 230Th 0), which is proportionally much higher in younger samples. This is becoming particularly important in palaeoecological research where accurate chronologies, based on the 230Th chronometer, are required to pinpoint changes in coral community structure and the timing of mortality events in recent time (e.g. since European settlement of northern Australia in the 1850s). In this study, thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) U-series dating of 43 samples of known ages collected from living Porites spp. from the far northern, central and southern inshore regions of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) was performed to spatially constrain initial 230Th/ 232Th ( 230Th/ 232Th 0) variability. In these living Porites corals, the majority of 230Th/ 232Th 0 values fell within error of the conservative bulk Earth 230Th/ 232Th atomic value of 4.3 ± 4.3 × 10 -6 (2 σ) generally assumed for 230Th 0 corrections where the primary source is terrestrially derived. However, the results of this study demonstrate that the accuracy of 230Th ages can be further improved by using locally determined 230Th/ 232Th 0 values for correction, supporting the conclusion made by Shen et al. (2008) for the Western Pacific. Despite samples being taken from regions adjacent to contrasting levels of land modification, no significant differences were found in 230Th/ 232Th 0 between regions exposed to varying levels of sediment during river runoff events. Overall, 39 of the total 43 230Th/ 232Th 0 atomic values measured in samples from inshore reefs across the entire region show a normal distribution ranging from 3.5 ± 1.1 to 8.1 ± 1.1 × 10 -6, with a weighted mean of 5.76 ± 0.34 × 10 -6 (2 σ, MSWD = 8.1). Considering the scatter of the data, the weighted mean value with a more

  12. Consultants' Meeting on Review Benchmarking of Nuclear Data for the Th/U Fuel Cycle. Summary Report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Capote Noy, R.

    2011-02-01

    A summary is given of the Consultants' Meeting (CM) on Review and Benchmarking of Nuclear Data for the Th/U Fuel Cycle. An IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on 'Nuclear Data for Th/U Fuel Cycle' was concluded in 2005. The CRP activities resulted in new evaluated nuclear data files for 232 Th, 231 , 233 Pa (later adopted for the ENDF/B-VII.0 library) and improvements to existing evaluations for 232 , 233 , 234 , 236 U. Available nuclear data evaluations for 230 - 232 Th, 231,233 Pa and 232 , 233 , 234 U were reviewed including ROSFOND2010, CENDL-3.1, JENDL-4, JEFF-3.1.1, MINSKACT, and ENDF/B-VII.0 libraries. Benchmark results of available evaluations for 232 Th and 233 U were also discussed. (author)

  13. Natural radionuclide dose and lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of fish and water from fresh water reservoirs near the proposed uranium mining site.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Annamalai, Sathesh Kumar; Arunachalam, Kantha Deivi; Selvaraj, Rajaram

    2017-06-01

    Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the reservoir water for human consumption. The sediment, water, and fish samples were collected and analyzed for radionuclide ( 238 U, 232 Th, 210 Po, 226 Ra, 210 Pb) and physicochemical parameters like pH, TOC, total hardness, alkalinity, DO, cation exchange capacity, and particle size. The spatial variations among the radionuclides ( 238 U, 232 Th, 210 Po, 226 Ra, 210 Pb) in water and bottom sediments of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam were determined. The uranium concentration in the sediment and water was in BDL (water samples of the analyzed radionuclides are 238 U-10 Bq/l, 210 Po-0.1 Bq/l, 226 Ra-1 Bq/l, and 210 Pb-0.1 Bq/l. The radionuclides in our water samples were approximately 50 times far below the recommended limit. The ingestion of water and fish would not pose any significant radiological impact on health or cancer risk to the public, implicating that the fishes from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam reservoir are safe for human consumption except the fisherman community.

  14. Quantitative determination of 210Po in geochemical samples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dyck, W.; Bristow, Q.

    1984-01-01

    To test the usefulness of 210 Po in soils as a means of detecting buried U mineralization, methods for the determination of 210 Po were investigated and adapted for routine production of 210 Po data from geochemical samples. A number of conditions affecting autodeposition and detection of 210 Po were investigated. The optimum area of deposition with a 450 mm 2 solid state detector was found to be 300 mm 2 . Convenience dictated room temperature over-night deposition times, although increased temperature increased speed and efficiency of deposition. A clear inverse relationship was observed between volume of solution and deposition efficiency with stirring times of less than 2 hours. For routine analysis, soil and rock powders were dissolved by leaching 1 g samples in teflon beakers successively with conc. HNO 3 , HF, and HNO 3 -HClO 4 , evaporating the solution to dryness between leaches, and taking the residue up in 20 mL 0.5 M HCl. The 210 Po was deposited on 19 mm diameter Ni discs and counted with an alpha spectrometer system employing 450 mm 2 ruggedized surface barrier detectors. The method achieved 90 percent recovery of 210 Po from solution and a detection efficiency of 30 percent. With a counting time of 3 hours, the method is capable of detecting 0.2 pCi of 210 Po per gram of sample

  15. Systems of Ba(PO3)2-Sr(Pu3)2, Cd(PO3)2-Ca(PO3)2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tokman, I.A.; Bukhalova, G.A.

    1977-01-01

    Phase diagrams of the Ba(PO 3 ) 2 -Sr(PO 3 ) 2 and Cd(PO 3 ) 2 -Ca(PO 3 ) 2 systems have been studied and plotted by the methods of differential-thermal analysis (DTA), visual-polythermal, X-ray phase and infrared spectroscopy. The Ba(PO 3 ) 2 -Sr(PO 3 ) 2 system is of the eutectic type. In the binary system Cd(PO 3 ) 2 -Ca(PO 3 ) 2 the existence of a continuous series of solid solutions with a minimum at 858 deg C and 27.5 mol.% Ca(PO 3 ) 2 has been established

  16. Assessment of radiological impact in mineral industrial plants caused by deposition of wastes with U{sup 238} and/or Th{sup 232} associated

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ladeira, Paula C.; Alves, Rex Nazare, E-mail: rexnazare@ime.eb.b [Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Ruperti Junior, Nerbe J., E-mail: nruperti@cnen.gov.b [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (DIREJ/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Rejeitos Radioativos

    2011-07-01

    The industrial-mining facilities constantly produce, in Brazil and in abroad, wastes from its production, many times containing uranium and/or thorium associated. Due to the large quantities generated, these wastes are usually deposited at the site of the facility, close to the place where they were produced. Since the chains of radioactive U{sup 238} and Th{sup 232} with alpha-emitting radionuclides have long half-life, waste deposits associated with these elements may cause radiological impact on the man and on the environment, even in the long term. Mathematical models are often used to represent the biosphere and the transport of radionuclides near to the surface. Thus, it was decided, through the software {sup M}athematica{sup ,} to present a methodology based on the solution of Bateman equations for the calculation of radiological impact on individuals from the public exposed to contamination. The radiological impact appraisal was carried out considering a scenario of intrusion into landfills containing U{sup 238} and / or Th{sup 232} in post-operational phase of an industrial-mining installation. The critical group examined was represented by farmers who used water from an artesian well for daily consumption and which feed themselves on vegetables locally grown in clay soil. As a result, there was the exposure in pathways evaluated, a minor contribution of dose for ingestion of contaminated water. The conclusion of this work, show us that calculated doses were within the accepted international limits for the intrusion scenario. Parameters associated with mathematical models defining the choice of project to build a landfill for the purpose of deposition, whereas rates of doses can be estimated in each of the scenarios proposed. (author)

  17. Systematic Radioactivity Monitoring of Adriatic Coastal Waters Using Mussels (Mytilus Galloprovincialis) as a Bioindicator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barisic, D.; Rogic, M.; Rozmaric Macefat, M.; Benedik, Lj.; Strok, M.

    2013-01-01

    Mediterranean Mussel Watch (MMW) is a project for radioactivity monitoring of Mediterranean coastal waters using mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as a bioindicator. Mussels are sessile marine organisms able to filter up to 80 L of sea water daily. Possibility of absorption and accumulation of dissolved/particulate matter from sea water makes them a good bioindicator for environmental pollution studies. Laboratory for Radioecelogy systematically monitores Adriatic coastal waters as a part of MMW project, which includes determination of 7Be, 40K, 232Th, 226Ra,238U and 137Cs, as well as highly radiotoxic naturally occuring radionuclides 210Po and 210Pb. The mussels were collected in spring and autumn periods of 2010 and 2011 at 13 stations including areas under significant fresh water discharges (Rasa, Zrnovnica, Neretva and Ombla Rivers) or areas under potential antropogenic influence (Kastela Bay). After sample preparation 7Be, 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, 238U and 137Cs were determined gamma-spectrometrically, while 210Po and 210Pb were separated on Sr resin. 210Po was determined on an alpha spectrometer after self-deposition on Ag disc, while 210Pb was determined via 210Bi on a gas proportional counter after PbSO 4 precipitation. 7Be, 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations were higher in spring than in autumn periods for all locations, with the highest activities in the areas under heavy fresh water discharges. Activity concentrations of 40K were practically the same at all locations with no seasonal changes, while 137Cs activities varied significantly. Activities of 232Th, 238U and 226Ra were mostly below the detection limit of gamma-spectrometric measurements.(author)

  18. Nuclear Materials Management in a Recovery Facility for Unirradiated Enriched Uranium; Gestion des Matieres Nucleaires dans une Installation de Recuperation d'Uranium Enrichi Non Irradie; Administrativno-khozyajstvennyj uchet yadernykh materialov na ustanovke po regeneratsii neobluchennogo obogashchennogo urana; Administracion de Materiales Nucleares en una Planta de Recuperacion para Uranio Enriquecido No Irradiado

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jasny, G. R. [Union Carbide Corporation, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1966-02-15

    izvlekajutsja razlichnye vidy neobluchennogo obogashhennogo urana. V nastojashhee vremja usta- novka Y-12 po regeneracii osnashhena polunepreryvnoj potochnoj liniej, vkljuchaja rastvorenie, szhiganie, vyparivanie, izvlechenie, denitraciju i gidroflorinaciju produkta. Oborudovanie po pererabotke i hraneniju imeet ogranichennye razmery i obladaet obshhej propusknoj sposob- nost'ju v neskol'ko sot kilogrammov obogashhennogo urana v mesjac. Snabzhenie dlja processov izvlechenija postupaet kak s samoj ustanovki, tak i iz drugih predprijatij Komissii po atom- noj jenergii v Soedinennyh Shtatah. V tot ili inoj moment jeto snabzhenie vkljuchaet lom ne- obluchennogo obogashhennogo urana prakticheski vseh vozmozhnyh vidov. Fizicheskij kontrol' uspeshno osushhestvljaetsja blagodarja sledujushhim faktoram: 1. Tshhatel'nost' konstruirovanija oborudovanija, chto obespechivaet vozmozhnost' chistki i vyborki prob i svodit k minimumu zahvat materialov. 2. Nepreryvnyj dozimetricheskij kontrol' vseh othodov i putej prohozhdenija othodov i jeffluentov kak cherez sistemu kanalizacii, tak i cherez vytjazhnye truby, a takzhe nad radioak- tivno zagrjaznennym musorom. 3. Periodicheskie fizicheskie proverki nalichnyh materialov. 4. Tshhatel'naja vyborka prob i analiz ih kak po vneshnim putjam snabzhenija matermalami, tak i po putjam prohozhdenija produkta. 5. Strogij kontrol' nad kachestvom analiza i vyborki prob. 6. Vozlozhenie otvetstvennosti za uchet materialov na operativnyj, a ne na uchetnyj personal. 7. Tshhatel'nyj instruktazh operativnogo personala. Informacija, postupajushhaja v sistemu ucheta jadernyh materialov, sobiraetsja pri pomoshhi sistemy kartochek, blizko soprovozhdajushhih fizicheskij put' prohozhdenija materialov; inache govorja, tozhdestvo kazhdoj partii sohranjaetsja pri pomoshhi sootvetstvujushhej kartochki, i otdel pouch e tu jadernogo materiala uvedomljaetsja ob udalenii partii posredstvom peredachi emu sootvetstvujushhej kartochki jetoj partii. Bol'shaja chast' uchetnyh

  19. A Procedure for the Sequential Determination of Radionuclides in Phosphogypsum Liquid Scintillation Counting and Alpha Spectrometry for 210Po, 210Pb, 226Ra, Th and U Radioisotopes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2014-01-01

    Since 2004, the Environment Programme of the IAEA has included activities aimed at the development of a set of procedures for the determination of radionuclides in terrestrial environmental samples. Reliable, comparable and 'fit for purpose' results are essential requirements for any decision based on analytical measurements. For the analyst, tested and validated analytical procedures are extremely important tools for the production of such analytical data. For maximum utility, such procedures should be comprehensive, clearly formulated, and readily available to both the analyst and the customer for reference. In this publication, a combined procedure for the sequential determination of 210Po, 210Pb, 226Ra, Th and U radioisotopes in phosphogypsum is described. The method is based on the dissolution of small amounts of phosphogypsum by microwave digestion, followed by sequential separation of 210Po, 210Pb, Th and U radioisotopes by selective extraction chromatography using Sr, TEVA and UTEVA resins. Radium-226 is separated from interfering elements using Ba(Ra)SO4 co-precipitation. Lead-210 is determined by liquid scintillation counting. The alpha source of 210Po is prepared by autodeposition on a silver plate. The alpha sources of Th and U are prepared by electrodeposition on a stainless steel plate. A comprehensive methodology for the calculation of results, including the quantification of measurement uncertainty, was also developed. The procedure is introduced as a recommended procedure and validated in terms of trueness, repeatability and reproducibility in accordance with ISO guidelines

  20. 46 CFR 232.4 - Balance sheet accounts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Balance sheet accounts. 232.4 Section 232.4 Shipping... ACTIVITIES UNIFORM FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Balance Sheet § 232.4 Balance sheet accounts. (a.... (b) Purpose of balance sheet accounts. The balance sheet accounts are intended to disclose the...

  1. 27 CFR 20.232 - Reconsignment in transit.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Reconsignment in transit. 20.232 Section 20.232 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... and Disposition of Specially Denatured Spirits § 20.232 Reconsignment in transit. (a) Reconsignment...

  2. 238U-234U-230Th chronometry of Fe-Mn crusts: Growth processes and recovery of thorium isotopic ratios of seawater

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chabaux, F.; Cohen, A.S.; O'Nions, R.K.; Hein, J.R.

    1995-01-01

    Comparison of ( 234 U) excess /( 238 U) and ( 230 Th)/( 232 Th) activity ratios in oceanic Fe-Mn deposits provides a method for assessing the closed-system behaviour of 238 U- 234 U- 230 Th, as well as variations in the initial uranium and thorium isotopic ratios of the precipitated metal oxides. This approach is illustrated using a Fe-Mn crust from Lotab seamount (Marshall Islands, west equatorial Pacific). Here we report uranium and thorium isotopic compositions in five subsamples from the surface of one large 5 cm diameter botyroid of this crust, and from two depth profiles of the outermost rim of the same botyroid. The decrease of ( 234 U) excess /( 238 U) and ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) activity ratio with depth in the two profiles gives mean growth rates, for the last 150 ka, of 7.8 ± 2 mm/Ma and 6.6 ± 1 mm/Ma, respectively. All data points (surface and core samples) but one, define a linear correlation in the Ln ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) - Ln [( 234 U) excess ( 238 U)] diagram. This correlation indicates that for all points the U-Th system remained closed after the Fe-Mn layer precipitated, and that the different samples possessed the same initial Uranium and thorium isotope ratios. Furthermore, these results show that the preserved surface of this Fe-Mn crust may not be the present-day growth surface, and that the thorium and uranium isotopic ratios of seawater in west equatorial Pacific have not changed during the past 150 ka. The initial thorium activity ratio is estimated from the correlation obtained between Ln( 230 Th/ 232 Th) and Ln [( 234 U) excess /( 238 U)

  3. Estimation of build up of dose rate on U3O8 product drum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pandey, J.P.N.; Shinde, A.M.; Deshpande, M.D.

    2008-01-01

    In fuel reprocessing plant, plutonium oxide and uranium oxide (U 3 O 8 ) are products. Approximately 180 kg U 3 O 8 is filled in SS drum and sealed firmly before storage. In PHWR natural uranium (UO 2 ) is used as fuel. In natural uranium, thorium-232 is present as an impurity at few tens of ppm level. During irradiation in power reactors, due to nuclear reaction formation of 232 U from 232 Th takes place. Natural decay of 232 U leads to the formation of 208 Tl. As time passes, there is buildup of 208 Tl and hence increase in dose rate on the drum containing U 3 O 8 . It is essential to estimate the buildup of dose rate considering the external radiological hazards involved during U 3 O 8 drum handling, transportation and fuel fabrication. This paper describes the calculation of dose rate on drum in future years using MCNP code. For dose rate calculation decay of fission product activity which remains as contamination in product and build up of '2 08 Tl from 232 U is considered. Some measured values of dose rate on U 3 O 8 drum are given for the comparisons with estimated dose rate based on MCNP code. (author)

  4. 238U-230Th radioactive disequilibria in the volcanic products from Izu arc volcanoes, Japan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurihara, Yuichi; Takahashi, Masaomi; Sato, Jun

    2007-01-01

    The timescale of magmatic processes of Izu arc volcanoes, Japan, was estimated by the 238 U- 230 Th disequilibria in the volcanic products from the volcanoes. The majority of the 230 Th/ 238 U activity ratios of the products were less than unity, being enriched in 238 U relative to 230 Th. The ( 230 Th/ 232 Th)-( 238 U/ 232 Th)diagram for younger Fuji and Izu-Oshima volcanoes formed a whole rock isochrons, and the ages were 1x10 4 and 2x10 4 years, respectively. The ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) - ( 238 U/ 232 Th) data set for younger Fuji volcano formed a cluster on the diagram, while those of Izu-Oshima formed another cluster apparently apart from each other, suggesting that the concentration of U and Th may possibly be un-uniform in the mantle beneath Izu arc. (author)

  5. Moderní počítačové viry

    OpenAIRE

    Malina, Lukáš

    2008-01-01

    Bakalářská práce Moderní počítačové viry se skládá ze dvou hlavních cílů (Analýza počítačových virů a návrh zabezpečení střední počítačové sítě) rozdělených na tři části: Analýza počítačových virů, Vlastní návrh zabezpečení osobního počítače koncového uživatele (Terminálu) a Vlastní návrh zabezpečení střední počítačové sítě. V první části jsou analyzovány metody šíření a infekce, specifické vlastnosti a dopady počítačových virů na osobní počítače. V druhé části je uvedeno řešení zabezpečení o...

  6. Measurement and Analysis of Specific Activities of 238U, 232Th,226Ra, 40K and 137Cs in Soil Samples from Phatthalung Province (Thailand) using Gamma Ray Spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Daoh, Murnee; Kessaratikoon, Prasong; Udomsomporn, Suchin

    2011-06-01

    Full text: Specific activity of natural (238 U , 232 T h, 226 R a and 40 K ) and anthropogenic radionuclide (137 C s) in 109 soil samples collected from 11 districts in Phathalung province have been measured and analyzed. Experimental results were obtained by using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and gamma spectrometry analysis system at Nuclear and Material Physics laboratory in Department of Physics Faculty of Science Thaksin University Songkhla Campus. Gamma ray radioactive standard sources 60 C o, 137 C s and 133 B a were used to calibrate the measurement system. The KCl and two reference materials (RGU-1 and RGTh-1) obtained from the International Atomic Energy Agency were also used to analyze and compute the 40 K , 238 U (or 226 R a) and 232 T h specific activity in all soil samples. The IAEA/SL-2 was also used to evaluate the specific activity of 137 C s in all soil samples. The measuring time of each sample was 10,800 seconds. It was found that specific activity ranged from 148.17 to 11276.78 Bq/kg for 40 K , 58.29 to 518.45 Bq/kg for 226 R a, 8.40 to 236.19 Bq/kg for 232 T h and 0.00 tp 12.39 Bq/kg for 137 C s with mean values of 3573.35 ± 203.89 Bq/kg, 135.89 ± 6.71 Bq/kg, 76.34 ± 5.32 Bq/kg and 1.05 ± 0.70 Bq/kg respectively. Furthermore, absorbed dose rate in air (D), radium equivalent activity (Ra e q), external hazard index (H e x), and annual effective dose rate (AEDout) of this area were also evaluated by using the mean values of specific activities of the 40 K , 226 R a and 232 T h. Moreover, the experimental results were also compared with Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) research data, Thailand and global radioactivity measurement and evaluations. The radioactive contour maps of specific activities of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides from this study were created by using the program ArcGis Version 9.2

  7. 7 CFR 23.2 - Administration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administration. 23.2 Section 23.2 Agriculture Office... Administration. (a) Title V will be administered by the Administrators of the Extension Service and the... Act of 1914 and the Hatch Act (as amended), August 11, 1955, the administration of the programs shall...

  8. Postępowanie diagnostyczno-terapeutyczne u pacjenta po skręceniu stawu skokowego – opis przypadku = The diagnosis and therapy in a patient after ankle sprains – case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jan Paweł Mieszkowski

    2016-08-01

    Streszczenie Wstęp: Skręcenia stawu skokowego zaliczane są do jednych z najczęściej spotykanych urazów kończyn dolnych. Pomimo częstości występowania, nadal wielokrotnie są one lekceważone, zarówno w aspekcie diagnostyki medycznej jak i zastosowania optymalnego postępowania leczniczego. Cel pracy: Usystematyzowanie wiedzy na temat postępowania terapeutycznego, u osoby po urazie stawu skokowego. Celem dodatkowym była analiza postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego oraz jego efektywności u pacjenta po skręceniu stawu skokowego. Metoda: W pracy przedstawiono epikryzę pacjenta z urazem stawu skokowego. Pacjent poddany był dwukrotnie diagnostyce klinicznej. Wykonano analizę chodu, ocenę zakresu ruchu w stawie skokowym, ocenę siły mięśniowej kończyn dolnych przy pomocy skali Lovette’a, testy funkcjonalne stopy (test uciskowy Thompsona, test Simmonda, test szufladki, test dwóch wag. Zastosowano metody zewnętrznej stabilizacji przy pomocy szyny gipsowej, metodę twardych tapów, a także terapię układu limfatycznego z wykorzystaniem metody kinesiology taping i drenażu limfatycznego. Wraz z ustąpieniem zmian obrzękowych, pacjenta poddano kompleksowej terapii fizjoterapeutycznej. Wyniki: Po zakończeniu terapii chód - izochroniczny, izometryczny, izotoniczny, poprawa w zakresie: ruchu w stawie skokowym dla zgięcia grzbietowego, podeszwowego, pronacji, supinacji stopy, wyniku testu dwóch wag oraz siły mięśniowej. Wnioski: W postępowaniu terapeutycznym u osoby po urazie stawu skokowego najważniejszą rolę odegrała diagnostyka radiologiczna i kliniczna, pozwalająca na postawienie wczesnej i właściwej diagnozy. Kompleksowe postępowanie fizjoterapeutyczne wpłynęło na poprawę zakresu ruchu w stawie skokowym, zniesienie dolegliwości bólowych oraz na poprawę stanu funkcjonalnego badanego.

  9. Heterometallic cerium(IV) perrhenate, permanganate, and molybdate complexes supported by the imidodiphosphinate ligand [N(i-Pr2PO)2]-.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Guo-Cang; Sung, Herman H Y; Dai, Feng-Rong; Chiu, Wai-Hang; Wong, Wai-Yeung; Williams, Ian D; Leung, Wa-Hung

    2013-03-04

    Heterometallic cerium(IV) perrhenate, permanganate, and molybdate complexes containing the imidodiphosphinate ligand [N(i-Pr2PO)2](-) have been synthesized, and their reactivity was investigated. Treatment of Ce[N(i-Pr2PO)2]3Cl (1) with AgMO4 (M = Re, Mn) afforded Ce[N(i-Pr2PO)2]3(ReO4) (2) or Ce2[N(i-Pr2PO)2]6(MnO4)2 (3). In the solid state, 3 is composed of a [Ce2{N(i-Pr2PO)2}6(MnO4)](+) moiety featuring a weak Ce-OMn interaction [Ce-OMn distance = 2.528(8) Å] and a noncoordinating MnO4(-) counteranion. While 3 is stable in the solid state and acetonitrile solution, it decomposes readily in other organic solvents, such as CH2Cl2. 3 can oxidize ethylbenzene to acetophenone at room temperature. Treatment of 1 with AgBF4, followed by reaction with [n-Bu4N]2[MoO4], afforded [Ce{N(i-Pr2PO)2}3]2(μ-MoO4) (4). Reaction of trans-Ce[N(i-Pr2PO)2]2(NO3)2 (5), which was prepared from (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 and K[N(i-Pr2PO)2], with 2 equiv of [n-Bu4N][Cp*MoO3] yielded trans-Ce[N(i-Pr2PO)2]2(Cp*MoO3)2 (6). 4 can catalyze the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide with tert-butyl hydroperoxide with high selectivity. The crystal structures of complexes 3-6 have been determined.

  10. Assessment of airborne 238U and 232Th exposure and dust load impact on people living in the vicinity of a cement factory in Ghana

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Addo, Moses Ankamah; Gbadago, J.K.; Ameyaw, Felix; Darko, E.O.; Gordon, Chris; Davor, Peter; Faanu, A.; Kpeglo, David

    2014-01-01

    Globally, the cement industry has been identified as one which causes significant particle pollution. In Ghana, environmental research in the neighborhood of the cement industry especially on human health is scanty. In the present work, attempts were made to evaluate the concentration of airborne dust at various distances and directions around the Diamond Cement Factory in the Volta Region of Ghana. The samples of dust were collected on filter papers and later analyzed for the concentration (mg/kg) of 232 Th and 23 '8U using neutron activation analysis. The principal objective of the study was to generate data intended at assessing the annual effective dose due to 232 Th and 238 U inhalation for both adult and children population living in the vicinity of cement factory. The data generated were supposed to assist in remediation decision making, if required. The study recorded a few incidences of higher total dust load concentrations as compared to the permissible limit of 150 μg/m 3 specified by the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency. The calculated mean effective doses were 28.2 ± 1.06 μSv/year and 25.9 ± 0.91 μSv/year for both adult and child, respectively. From the radiological point of view, the study concluded that the people living in the vicinity of the cement factory are not at risk to significant radiological hazards. However, the study indicated the need to have a complete evaluation of the impact of the factory on the environment assessment programs which should include both chemical and radiological toxicity. (author)

  11. Measurements of isomeric yield ratios of fission products from proton-induced fission on natU and 232Th via direct ion counting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rakopoulos Vasileios

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Independent isomeric yield ratios (IYR of 81Ge, 96Y, 97Y, 97Nb, 128Sn and 130Sn have been determined in the 25 MeV proton-induced fission of natU and 232Th. The measurements were performed at the Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line (IGISOL facility at the University of Jyväskylä. A direct ion counting measurement of the isomeric fission yield ratios was accomplished for the first time, registering the fission products in less than a second after their production. In addition, the IYRs of natU were measured by means of γ-spectroscopy in order to verify the consistency of the recently upgraded experimental setup. From the obtained results, indications of a dependence of the production rate on the fissioning system can be noticed. These data were compared with data available in the literature, whenever possible. Using the TALYS code and the experimentally obtained IYRs, we also deduced the average angular momentum of the fission fragments after scission.

  12. Application of activation technique for mass and nuclear charge distributions studies of 3 Mev and 14 Mev neutrons induced 238-U(n,f) and 232-Th(n,f)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Embarch, K.

    1988-01-01

    Fission product cumulative and independent yields were determined for 238-U(n,f) and 232-Th(n,f) reactions with essentially monoenergetic neutrons of 3 and 14 Mev. Fission product activities were measured by Ge(Li)γ-ray spectrometry of irradiated 238-U and 232-Th foils. These experiments allowed us to measure a great number of cumulative yields and to obtain the fission product mass distributions corresponding to the studied reactions mentioned above. The mass distributions were completely interpreted by nucleon shell effects and proton even-odd effects. The independent yield measurements are sometimes not possible using the activation technique because of the fission fragment decay data. The values which can not be measured were determined using the measured mass yields and a prediction systematic of fractional independent yield. The results allowed us to obtain the nuclear charge distributions and to estimate proton even-odd effect corresponding values. This effect decreases when the excitation energy of the fissioning nucleus increases, this shows the importance of this parameter in the viscosity study of the nuclear matter. In conclusion, the shell effects observed in the mass distributions show that the static aspect of the fission mechanism plays a great role during the fission process, and observed proton even-odd effects act for a weak nuclear viscosity. 54 refs., 27 figs., 25 tabs

  13. Metabolism of 210Po in rats: Volatile 210Po from faeces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sadi, B. B.; Li, C.; Wyatt, H.; Bugden, M.; Wilkinson, D.; Kramer, G.

    2011-01-01

    The metabolic formation of volatile 210 Po species in a rat that was intravenously administered with 210 Po-citrate was investigated in this study. A slurry of the faecal sample was prepared in water and was bubbled with nitrogen gas in a closed system. The discharged gas was passed through a trapping device filled with liquid scintillation cocktail in order to capture any volatile 210 Po species. The amount of 210 Po trapped in the scintillation cocktail was measured by a liquid scintillation analyser that provided evidence of the presence of volatile 210 Po species in the faeces. The presence of volatile 210 Po in the faeces indicates that the metabolic formation of volatile 210 Po is likely to occur in the gut due to bacterial activity. The amount of volatile 210 Po species was compared with the daily faecal excretion of 210 Po. After 2 h of bubbling, the volatile 210 Po collected from the faeces sample was found to be between 1.0 and 1.7 % of the daily faecal excretion for the 4 d following 210 Po-citrate administration. (authors)

  14. Temporal evolution of natural radionuclides distributions 238U, 234Th, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb and 210Po in the Bransfield strait, Antarctica peninsula

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lapa, Flavia Valverde

    2013-01-01

    Research on the distribution of natural radionuclides in Antarctica is rare and thus, there is great interest in to know their occurrence and factors related to its mobilization, transference and accumulation in this extremely fragile environment. Natural radionuclides have been used intensively as tracers in the ocean, helping to better understand processes as sinking and particle resuspension, water masses mixture and oceanic circulation. 234 Th (t½ = 24.1 days) is a particle-reactive radionuclide produced continuously in seawater by the decay of its soluble precursor conservative with salinity 238 U (t½ = 4.5 10 9 years). Since 234 Th presents relatively short half-life, it is used to quantify processes that occur in temporal scale varying from days to weeks. The disequilibrium 234 Th/ 238 U in the surface ocean has been applied to estimate carbon fluxes exported via sinking material. The flux of particles biologically productive out of the euphotic zone in the Southern Ocean has special attention due to its importance in the control of CO 2 atmospheric concentrations. The radionuclides 210 Pb (t½ = 22.3 years) and 210 Po (t½ = 138 days) are also particle-reactive. The disequilibrium 210 Po/ 210 Pb has been used to estimate fluxes of particles exported in the ocean in the time scale of weeks. The long-lived Ra isotopes, 226 Ra (t½ = 1,600 years) and 228 Ra (t½ = 5.75 years) are soluble in seawater, presenting unique properties that make them excellent tracers of water masses. This research work had the aim to study the distributions of natural radionuclides 238 U, 234 Th, 22 '6Ra, 22 '8Ra, 210 Pb and 210 Po in the Bransfield Strait during 2 samplings carried out in the 2011 Austral Summer (OPERANTAR XXIX and XXX). (author)

  15. 230Th, 232Th and 238U determinations in phosphoric acid fertilizer and process products by ICP-MS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nascimento, Marcos R.L. do; Guerreiro, Luisa M.R.; Bonifacio, Rodrigo L.; Taddei, Maria H.T.

    2015-01-01

    Through processing of Santa Quiteria-CE mine phosphate rock, Brazil has established a project for production of phosphoric acid fertilizer and uranium as a by-product. Under leaching conditions of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid, which is the common route for preparing phosphoric acid fertilizer, a large part of uranium, thorium and their decay products naturally present in the rock are solubilized. In order to assess the contamination potential in phosphoric acid and others process products, this paper describes a previous precipitation and direct methods for routine analysis of thorium and uranium isotopes by ICP-MS. In all samples, 230 Th, 232 Th and 238 U were directly determined after dilution, except 230 Th in phosphoric acid loaded with uranium sample, which to overcome equipment contamination effect, was determined after its separation by oxalate precipitation using lanthanum as a carrier. The results obtained by the proposed method by ICP-MS, were in good agreement when compared to alpha spectrometry for 230 Th, and ICP-OES and spectrophotometry with arsenazo III for elementary uranium and thorium determinations. (author)

  16. 48 CFR 53.232 - Contract financing (SF 1443).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract financing (SF 1443). 53.232 Section 53.232 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS FORMS Prescription of Forms 53.232 Contract financing (SF 1443). SF 1443 (JUL...

  17. 46 CFR 232.6 - Financial report filing requirement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... RELATED ACTIVITIES UNIFORM FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Income Statement § 232.6 Financial report filing requirement. (a) Reporting Frequency and Due Dates. The contractor shall file a semiannual... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Financial report filing requirement. 232.6 Section 232.6...

  18. Properties measurements of (U{sub 0.7}Pu{sub 0.3})O{sub 2-x} in PO{sub 2}-controlled atmosphere

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kato, M.; Murakami, T.; Sunaoshi, T. [Advanced Nuclear System Research and Development Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Muramatsu Tokai-mura Ibaraki, 319-1194 (Japan); Nelson, A.T.; McClellan, K.J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)

    2013-07-01

    The investigation of physical properties of uranium and plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) fuels is important for the development of fast reactor fuels. It is well known that MOX is a nonstoichiometric oxide, and the physical properties change drastically with the Oxygen-to-Metal (O/M) ratio. A control technique for O/M ratio was established for measurements of high temperature properties of uranium and plutonium mixed oxide fuels. Sintering behavior, thermal expansion and O/M change of (U{sub 0.7}Pu{sub 0.3})O{sub 2.00} and (U{sub 0.7}Pu{sub 0.3})O{sub 1.99} were investigated in PO{sub 2}-controlled atmosphere which was controlled by H{sub 2}/H{sub 2}O gas system. Sintering behavior changed drastically with O/M ratio, and shrinkage of (U{sub 0.7}Pu{sub 0.3})O{sub 2.00} was faster and more advanced at lower temperatures as compared with (U{sub 0.7}Pu{sub 0.3})O{sub 1.99}. Thermal expansion was observed to be slightly increased with decreasing O/M ratio. (authors)

  19. Development and validation of a fast combined analysis method for the determination of the natural radioisotopes Pb-210, Po-210, Ra-226, Ra, 228, U-234 and U-238 in drinking water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schuster, Martina

    2015-01-01

    The guiding value of the effective dose for the consumption of drinking water is 0.1 mSv per calendar year. For the purpose of dose assessment the intake of all relevant radio nuclides via drinking water has to be determined. Some analysis methods for the determination of relevant natural occurring radio nuclides are published but they need complete different and time consuming analysis methods for each radionuclide. This study shows an analysis method which is able to determine the radio nuclides 210 Pb, 210 Po, 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 238 U and 234 U quantitatively within a justifiable time scale. It is based on a chromatography method which has been validated for determination of 90 Sr and 89 Sr in milk, vegetable food and human and animal bones respectively. Applying this method the elution ranges for lead and polonium are so different from uranium and radium that a combined separation with high chemical yield is possible, even by miniaturization the chromatography column which means significant time saving. The activity concentration of 228 Ra and 226 Ra is determined applying gamma-spectrometry and that of 210 Pb, 210 Po, 234 U and 238 U by LSC. The chemical yield of 210 Pb is calculated with a stable lead applying AAS and that of the radium isotopes with 223 Ra. Therefor 223 Ra is separated of a 227 Ac standard solution. The method is validated by a interlaboratory test for the determination of natural radio nuclides in drinking water which was released by the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz. For the analysis only about four litres of drinking water are necessary to realize the required limit of detection. The method is very efficient, enough specific and allows the determination of dose relevant radio nuclides.

  20. Distribution of uranium, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Po-21a in the ecological cycle in mountain regions of central Yugoslavia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Milosevic, Z.; Horsic, E.; Kljajic, R.; Bauman, A.

    1980-01-01

    The distributions of U, 226 Ra, 210 Pb and 210 Po in the ecological cycle: soil-hay-domestic animals-meat-cheese-milk were investigated. The levels of radioactivity in soil were found to be normal. The highest result found for U in hay was 100 ug/kg. The amount of 226 Ra was highest in beef bones, where the contamination reached 190 pCi/kg. The amount of 210 Pb in bones never exceeded 30 pCi/kg and in meat, 5 pCi/kg. In most samples 210 Po was below the detection level, but one bone sample reached 90 pCi/kg. U, 226 Ra, 210 Pb and 210 Po in milk all vary from 0 - 2.45 pCi/l. Only 210 Pb in cheese was as high as 60 pCi/kg, 226 Ra, 210 Po and U were hardly detectable. (H.K.)

  1. 230Th/U-dating of a late Holocene low uranium speleothem from Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fensterer, Claudia; Mangini, Augusta; Scholz, Denis; Hoffmann, Derik; Pajon, Jesus M

    2010-01-01

    We present 22 U-series ages for a stalagmite from north-western Cuba based on multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS). Our results reveal that the stalagmite continuously grew within the last ∼1400a. Low uranium content of the sample and thus, extremely low 230 Th concentrations limit the precision and accuracy of 230 Th/U-dating by TIMS. Samples measured by MC-ICPMS show a high variability of 232 Th content along the growth axis with some sections significantly affected by initial 230 Th from a detrital phase. An a-priori bulk earth ratio for ( 238 U/ 232 Th) cannot be used to accurately account for this initial 230 Th. Using an age model based on the 230 Th/U ages determined on samples with low or negligible 232 Th concentration, we find that the ( 238 U/ 232 Th) activity ratio of the detrital phase is an order of magnitude larger than the bulk earth value, indicating the importance of an accurately determined correction factor.

  2. 24 CFR 232.885 - Insurance benefits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Insurance benefits. 232.885 Section 232.885 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued....885 Insurance benefits. (a) Method of payment. Payment of claim shall be made in the following manner...

  3. 20 CFR 410.232 - Withdrawal of a claim.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Withdrawal of a claim. 410.232 Section 410.232 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969... Claims and Evidence § 410.232 Withdrawal of a claim. (a) Before adjudication of claim. A claimant (or an...

  4. Dynamika zmian temperatury ręki reumatoidalnej po wybranych zabiegach z zakresu termoterapii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Małgorzata Gizińska

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Wstęp: W procesie usprawniania osób z chorobami reumatycznymi wykorzystuje się wiele zabiegów z zakresu ciepłolecznictwai krioterapii. W dostępnym piśmiennictwie niewiele jest opisówbadań dotyczących efektów termicznych występujących w tkankachw wyniku stosowania takich zabiegów w obrębie ręki reumatoidalnej.Z tego powodu autorzy podjęli próbę określenia przebiegudynamiki zmian temperatury po zastosowaniu powszechniestosowanych u pacjentów z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów(RZS zabiegów z zakresu termoterapii, w aspekcie zmian zachodzącychw mikrokrążeniu podczas 120 minut obserwacji.Materiały i metody: Do dwóch grup przydzielono 27 pacjentówz rozpoznanym RZS (średni wiek badanych 57 ±7,9 roku: I grupaliczyła 14 osób, u których naświetlano jedną rękę promiennikiempodczerwieni IR-A, -B oraz -C, II grupa – 13 osób, u których wykonanozabieg nadmuchu jednej ręki zimnym powietrzem (–30°C.Analizy rozkładu temperatury dokonano na podstawie 120-minutowejobserwacji zmian temperatury powierzchniowej obu rąk, dozapisu której użyto kamery termowizyjnej. U każdej osoby wykonano8 zdjęć termowizyjnych w określonych odstępach czasu:przed zabiegiem, zaraz po zabiegu oraz 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 i 120 minutpo zabiegu.Wyniki: Istotne różnice temperatur mierzonych w kolejnych odstępachczasu zaobserwowano we wszystkich grupach tylko podczas wynopierwszych5 minut po zabiegu (p < 0,05. Maksymalny wzrost temperaturyodnotowany zaraz po zabiegu IR-A, -B, -C wynosił 3,5°C. Ponadmuchu zimnym powietrzem (–30°C maksymalne obniżenietemperatury mierzonej zaraz po zabiegu wynosiło 6,4°C (ryc. 1 i 2.Wnioski: Istotne zmiany temperatury powierzchniowej rąk obserwowanow ciągu pierwszych 5 minut po zabiegu, zarówno ponaświetlaniu IR-A, -B, -C, jak i nadmuchu zimnym powietrzemo temperaturze ok. –30°C. W przypadku zabiegu cieplnego wartośćtemperatury w ciągu tego czasu pozostawała powyżej warto

  5. 24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Insurance premiums. 232.805 Section... FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Premiums § 232.805 Insurance premiums. (a) First premium. The... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The...

  6. 27 CFR 31.232 - Wine bottling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    .... The decanting of wine by caterers or other retail dealers for table or room service, banquets, and... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Wine bottling. 31.232... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS ALCOHOL BEVERAGE DEALERS Miscellaneous § 31.232 Wine bottling. Each person...

  7. Complex phosphates in the Li(Na)3PO4-InPO4 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Potapova, A.M.; Zimina, G.V.; Smirnova, I.N.; Novoselov, A.V.; Spiridonov, F.M.; Stefanovich, S.Yu.

    2008-01-01

    Subsolidus sections in the systems Li 3 PO 4 -InPO 4 (950 deg C) and Na 3 PO 4 -InPO 4 (800, 900, and 1000 deg C) have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction. The compound Li 3 In(PO 4 ) 2 has been synthesized, and the NASICON-type solid solution Li 3(1-x) In 2+x (PO 4 ) 3 (0.67 ≤ x ≤ 0.80) has been found to exist. In the system Na 3 PO 4 -InPO 4 , the solid solution Na 3(1-x) In x/3 PO 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) and two complex phosphates exist: Na 3 In(PO 4 ) 2 and Na 3 In 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . These complex phosphates are dimorphic, with the irreversible-transition temperature equal to 675 and 820 deg C, respectively. Na 3 In(PO 4 ) 2 degrades at 920 deg C. Ionic conductivity has been measured in some phases in the system [ru

  8. High-pressure structural, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of zircon-type HoPO4 and TmPO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gomis, O; Lavina, B; Rodríguez-Hernández, P; Muñoz, A; Errandonea, R; Errandonea, D; Bettinelli, M

    2017-01-01

    Zircon-type holmium phosphate (HoPO 4 ) and thulium phosphate (TmPO 4 ) have been studied by single-crystal x-ray diffraction and ab initio calculations. We report on the influence of pressure on the crystal structure, and on the elastic and thermodynamic properties. The equation of state for both compounds is accurately determined. We have also obtained information on the polyhedral compressibility which is used to explain the anisotropic axial compressibility and the bulk compressibility. Both compounds are ductile and more resistive to volume compression than to shear deformation at all pressures. Furthermore, the elastic anisotropy is enhanced upon compression. Finally, the calculations indicate that the possible causes that make the zircon structure unstable are mechanical instabilities and the softening of a silent B 1u mode. (paper)

  9. Potential human health risk by 234,238U and 210Po due to consumption of fish from the "Luis L. Leon" reservoir (Northern Mexico)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luna-Porres, M. Y.; Rodríguez-Villa, M. A.; Herrera-Peraza, E.; Cabral-Lares, M.; Renteria-Villalobos, M.; Montero-Cabrera, M. E.

    2014-07-01

    The Conchos River is one of the most important in northern Mexico and the main surface waterway in the arid state of Chihuahua. The Luis L. Leon dam produces the Luis L. Leon Reservoir, which is the last major reservoir before the Conchos River enters the Rio Grande at the Texas-Chihuahua border. Activity concentrations (AC) of 234,238U and 210Po in fillet and liver of three stocked fish species (Lepomis cyanellus, Cyprinus carpio and Ictalurus furcatus), as well as in water from the Luis L. Leon reservoir were determined. 238U and 234U ACs in fillet samples showed values of 0.007-0.014 and 0.01-0.02 Bq kg-1 wet weight (ww), respectively. Liver samples for Lepomis cyanellus, Cyprinus carpio and Ictalurus furcatus species, present 210Po AC of 1.16-3.26 0.70-1.13 and 0.93-1.37 Bqṡkg-1 ww. The elemental Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) for fish tissues respect to their concentrations in water was determined. Lepomis cyanellus species showed the highest BAF for total uranium in fillet, with value 1.5. The annual effective dose for uranium in adults by fish consumption in this work ranged from 4.46×10-3 to 3.68×10-2 μSvṡyear-1. The difference in concentrations of uranium in fillet among the studied species is likely primarily due to their differences in diet and habitat.

  10. 49 CFR 232.305 - Single car air brake tests.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... from a train or when placed on a shop or repair track, as defined in § 232.303(a); (2) A car is on a shop or repair track, as defined in § 232.303(a), for any reason and has not received a single car air... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Single car air brake tests. 232.305 Section 232...

  11. Measurements of prompt fission neutron spectra and double-differential neutron inelastic-scattering cross sections for 238U and 232Th

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baba, Mamoru; Itoh, Nobuo; Maeda, Kazuto; Hirakawa, Naohiro; Wakabayashi, Hidetaka.

    1989-10-01

    This report presents the summary of experimental studies of prompt fission neutron spectra and double-differential neutron inelastic-scattering cross sections of 238 U and 232 Th. The experiments were performed at Tohoku University Fast Neutron Laboratory employing a time-of-flight technique and Dynamitron accelerator as the pulsed neutron generator. From the experiments, we obtained the following data for both nuclei; 1. prompt fission neutron spectrum for 2 MeV neutrons, 2. double-differential neutron inelastic-scattering cross sections for 1.2, 2.0, 4.2, 6.1 and 14.1 MeV incident neutrons. Both in experiments and data processing, cares were taken to obtain reliable data by avoiding systematic uncertainty. The experimental data were compared with those by other experiments, evaluations and model calculations. Through the data comparison, some fundamental problems were found in the experiments by previous authors and the evaluations. The present data will provide useful data base for refinement of the evaluated data and theoretical models. (author)

  12. The Ca(PO3)2-Sr(PO3)2 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bukhalova, G.A.; Tokman, I.A.

    1977-01-01

    Phase diagram of the system Ca(PO 3 ) 2 -Sr(PO 3 ) 2 has been studied and plotted with the aid of differential thermal, visual polythermal, X-ray analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Continuous solid solutions are formed in the system with a minimum at 968 deg C and 25 mol.% of Sr(PO 3 ) 2 . Solid solutions decompose with the formation of about 30 mol.% of Sr(PO 3 ) 2

  13. History of 232-F, tritium extraction processing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blackburn, G.W.

    1994-08-01

    In 1950 the Atomic Energy Commission authorized the Savannah River Project principally for the production of tritium and plutonium-239 for use in thermonuclear weapons. 232-F was built as an interim facility in 1953--1954, at a cost of $3.9M. Tritium extraction operations began in October, 1955, after the reactor and separations startups. In July, 1957 a larger tritium facility began operation in 232-H. In 1958 the capacity of 232-H was doubled. Also, in 1957 a new task was assigned to Savannah River, the loading of tritium into reservoirs that would be actual components of thermonuclear weapons. This report describes the history of 232-F, the process for tritium extraction, and the lessons learned over the years that were eventually incorporated into the new Replacement Tritium Facility

  14. In-beam spectroscopy of 198Po and 200Po nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maj, A.

    1988-01-01

    The main purpose of this thesis is to answer the question whether any signs of collectivity or deformation are evident in 198 Po and 200 Po nuclei, situated on the border of the predicted new region of oblate deformation. Bearing this in mind spectroscopic investigations were performed. The level schemes of 198 Po and 200 Po were established, transition rates were determined and g-factors of isomeric states and, for 200 Po, the quadrupole moment of the 8 + - state were measured. The experimental techniques are described and the methods of evaluating the obtained data are presented. 74 refs., 7 figs., 9 tabs. (M.F.W.)

  15. Quantitative imaging of pO2 in orthotopic murine gliomas: hypoxia correlates with resistance to radiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yasui, Hironobu; Kawai, Tatsuya; Matsumoto, Shingo; Saito, Keita; Devasahayam, Nallathamby; Mitchell, James B; Camphausen, Kevin; Inanami, Osamu; Krishna, Murali C

    2017-10-01

    Hypoxia is considered one of the microenvironmental factors associated with the malignant nature of glioblastoma. Thus, evaluating intratumoural distribution of hypoxia would be useful for therapeutic planning as well as assessment of its effectiveness during the therapy. Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is an imaging technique which can generate quantitative maps of oxygen in vivo using the exogenous paramagnetic compound, triarylmethyl and monitoring its line broadening caused by oxygen. In this study, the feasibility of EPRI for assessment of oxygen distribution in the glioblastoma using orthotopic U87 and U251 xenograft model is examined. Heterogeneous distribution of pO 2 between 0 and 50 mmHg was observed throughout the tumours except for the normal brain tissue. U251 glioblastoma was more likely to exhibit hypoxia than U87 for comparable tumour size (median pO 2 ; 29.7 and 18.2 mmHg, p = .028, in U87 and U251, respectively). The area with pO 2 under 10 mmHg on the EPR oximetry (HF10) showed a good correlation with pimonidazole staining among tumours with evaluated size. In subcutaneous xenograft model, irradiation was relatively less effective for U251 compared with U87. In conclusion, EPRI is a feasible method to evaluate oxygen distribution in the brain tumour.

  16. Production of 232,233Pa in 6Li+232Th Collisions in the Classical Trajectory Approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aleshin, V.P.

    2000-01-01

    The semiclassical model of nuclear reactions with loosely bound projectiles (V.P. Aleshin, B.I. Sidorenko, Acta Phys. Pol. B29, 325 (1998)) is refined and compared with experimental data of Rama Rao et al. on the excitation function for the production of 232,233 Pa in 6 Li+ 232 Th collisions at E = 30-50 MeV. The main contribution to the production of 232 Pa is the 2 neutron emission from excited states of 234 Pa formed in the ( 6 Li,α) reaction. The main source of 233 Pa is the ( 6 Li,αp) reaction followed by γ transitions from excited states of 233 Th to 233 Th (g.s.) which transforms to 233 Pa through β - decay. The ground state of 6 Li regarded as a combination of n+p+α is modeled with the K=2, l x =l y =0 hyperspherical function. The calculation underpredicts the excitation function of 232 Pa by a factor of 0.6 and overpredicts the excitation function of 233 Pa by a factor of 2.3, on the average. With the more realistic wave function of 6 Li both factors are expected to be closer to 1. (author)

  17. 48 CFR 232.102 - Description of contract financing methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... financing methods. 232.102 Section 232.102 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Non-Commercial Item Purchase Financing 232.102 Description of contract financing methods. (e)(2) Progress payments...

  18. A comparison on determining activities of 238U and 232Th based on transfer samples and some associations of ideas for some investigation passed of environment radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Su Qiong; Cheng Jianping; Diao Lijun; Li Guiqun

    2006-01-01

    A comparison on determining activities of 238 U and 232 Th based on transfer samples is reported in the paper. Especially, disturbance of X-ray from out-sources i.e. non-nucleus-self are studied and more detailed. And other factors that influence this time comparison result are discussed too in the work. In the paper it is pointed out definitely that the characteristic peaks that are disturbed by characteristic X-rays from out-sources ought to be not adopted to determine activities of the samples. In final some associations of ideas for some investigation passed of environment radiation are also described. (authors)

  19. A comparison on determining activities of 238U and 232Th based on transfer samples and some associations of ideas for some investigation passed of environment radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Su Qiong; Cheng Jianping; Diao Lijun; Li Guiqun

    2007-01-01

    A comparison on determining activities of 238 U and 232 Th based on transfer samples is reported in the paper. Especially, disturbance of X-ray from out-sources i.e. non-nucleus-self are studied and more detailed. And other factors that influence this time comparison result are discussed too in the work. In the paper it is pointed out definitely that the characteristic peaks that are disturbed by characteristic X-rays from out-sources ought to be not adopted to determine activities of the samples. In final some associations of ideas for some investigation passed of environment radiation are also described. (authors)

  20. Neutron scattering cross sections for 232Th and 238U inferred from proton scattering and charge exchange measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hansen, L.F.; Grimes, S.M.; Pohl, B.A.; Poppe, C.H.; Wong, C.

    1980-01-01

    Differential cross sections for the (p,n) reactions to the isobaric analog states (IAS) of 232 Th and 238 U targets were measured at 26 and 27 MeV. The analysis of the data was done in conjunction with the proton elastic and inelastic (2 + , 4 + , 6 + ) differential cross sections measured at 26 MeV. Because collective effects are important in this mass region, deformed coupled-channels calculations were carried out for the simultaneous analysis of the proton and neutron outgoing channels. The sensitivity of the calculations was studied with respect to the optical model parameters used in the calculations, the shape of the nuclear charge distribution, the type of coupling scheme assumed among the levels, the magnitude of the deformation parameters, and the magnitude of the isovector potentials, V 1 and W 1 . A Lane model-consistent analysis of the data was used to infer optical potential parameters for 6- to 7-MeV neutrons. The neutron elastic differential cross sections obtained from these calculations are compared with measurements available in the literature, and with results obtained using neutron parameters from global sets reported at these energies. 7 figures, 3 tables

  1. 48 CFR 232.202-4 - Security for Government financing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... financing. 232.202-4 Section 232.202-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Commercial Item Purchase Financing 232.202-4 Security for Government financing. (a)(2) When determining whether an offeror...

  2. Neutron induced fission cross section ratios for 232Th, 235,238U, 237Np and 239Pu from 1 to 400 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lisowski, P.W.; Ullmann, J.L.; Balestrini, S.J.; Carlson, A.D.; Wasson, O.A.; Hill, N.W.

    1988-01-01

    Time-of-flight measurements of neutron induced fission cross section ratios for 232 Th, 235,238 U, 237 Np, and 239 Pu, were performed using the WNR high intensity spallation neutron source located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A multiple-plate gas ionization chamber located at a 20-m flight path was used to simultaneously measure the fission rate for all samples over the energy range from 1 to 400 MeV. Because the measurements were made with nearly identical neutron fluxes, we were able to cancel many systematic uncertainties present in previous measurements. This allows us to resolve discrepancies among different data sets. In addition, these are the first neutron-induced fission cross section values for most of the nuclei at energies above 30 MeV. (author)

  3. EFFECTIVE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES FOR THE NORM BELONGED TO 238U AND 232TH SERIES BEING IN THE STATE OF DISTURBED RADIOACTIVE EQUILIBRIUM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. P. Stamat

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available In the Sanitary Rules SR 2.6.1.1292-03 and SR 2.6.6.1169-02 classification of the industrial waste containing naturally occurring radioactive materials is adopted in accordance to the values of their effective specific activity Aeff. In a case of the disturbed equilibrium in 238U and 232Th series it is necessary to take into consideration actual contribution of the separate natural radionuclides of the mentioned series into the value of gamma dose rate of the waste. This will permit to avoid unjustified overestimating or understating of the waste category which prevents as unjustified expenditures on their treating so undertaking of the necessary measures providing radiation safety.

  4. Polonium (210Po) and uranium (234U, 238U) in water, phosphogypsum and their bioaccumulation in plants around phosphogypsum waste heap at Wislinka (nothern Poland)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Skwarzec, B.; Borylo, A.; Kosinska, A.; Radzajewska, S.

    2010-01-01

    The principal sources of polonium and uranium radionuclides the Wislinka area waste dump are phosphorites and phosphogypsum produced by the Phosphoric Fertilizers Industry of Gdansk. The values of uranium and polonium concentration in water with immediate surroundings of waste heap are considerably higher than in the waters of the Martwa Wisla river. The activity ratio 234 U/ 238 U is approximately about one in the phosphogypsum (0.97±0.06 and 0.99±0.04) and in the water of a retention reservoir and a pumping station (0.92±0.01 and 0.99±0.04), while in the water from the Martwa Wisla river is slightly higher than one (1.00±0.07 and 1.06±0.02). The leaching process of uranium and polonium from the phosphogypsum waste heap is responsible for the maximum uranium concentration (1097±6 μg·dm -3 and 1177±6 μg·dm -3 ) and the high 210 Po concentration (131.4±0.9 mBq·dm -3 and 165.7±1.4 mBq·dm -3 ) in the retention reservoir. The major source of polonium and uranium in plants are wet and dry atmospheric falls gathering soil and air dust from the phosphogypsum waste dump and root system. The highest uranium and polonium concentrations were found in older part of grasses (yellow oatgrass, meadow foxtail, moneywort), exposed to atmospheric falls for a long time. The maximum concentrations of 210 Po were characterized for samples of plant root collected at the retention reservoir (150.50±4.97 and 108.55±3.95 Bq·kg -1 dry mass). Polonium and uranium concentrations in water samples of the Martwa Wisla river are relatively low in comparison with the value in the retention reservoir and pumping station near the phosphogypsum waste heap. This suggests that the radionuclides could be leached from the dumping site to the surrounding environment. (authors)

  5. 17 CFR 232.306 - Foreign language documents and symbols.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... symbols. 232.306 Section 232.306 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... § 232.306 Foreign language documents and symbols. (a) All electronic filings and submissions must be in... words or letters in the English language rather than representative symbols, except that HTML documents...

  6. 48 CFR 2452.232-71 - Voucher submission (cost-reimbursement).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ...-reimbursement). 2452.232-71 Section 2452.232-71 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND... Clauses 2452.232-71 Voucher submission (cost-reimbursement). As prescribed in 2432.908(c)(2), insert a clause substantially the same as the following in all cost-reimbursement solicitations and contracts...

  7. Occurrence of 210Po and Biological Effects of Low-Level Exposure: The Need for Research

    OpenAIRE

    Seiler, Ralph L.; Wiemels, Joseph L.

    2012-01-01

    Background: Polonium-210 (210Po) concentrations that exceed 1 Bq/L in drinking-water supplies have been reported from four widely separated U.S. states where exposure to it went unnoticed for decades. The radionuclide grandparents of 210Po are common in sediments, and segments of the public may be chronically exposed to low levels of 210Po in drinking water or in food products from animals raised in contaminated areas. Objectives: We summarized information on the environmental behavior, bioki...

  8. 17 CFR 232.308 - Type size and font; legibility.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Type size and font; legibility. 232.308 Section 232.308 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... § 232.308 Type size and font; legibility. Provisions relating to type size, font and other legibility...

  9. 210Po in Nevada groundwater and its relation to gross alpha radioactivity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seiler, R.L.

    2011-01-01

    Polonium-210 (210Po) is a highly toxic alpha emitter that is rarely found in groundwater at activities exceeding 1 pCi/L. 210Po activities in 63 domestic and public-supply wells in Lahontan Valley in Churchill County in northern Nevada, United States, ranged from 0.01 ± 0.005 to 178 ± 16 pCi/L with a median activity of 2.88 pCi/L. Wells with high 210Po activities had low dissolved oxygen concentrations (less than 0.1 mg/L) and commonly had pH greater than 9. Lead-210 activities are low and aqueous 210Po is unsupported by 210Pb, indicating that the 210Po is mobilized from aquifer sediments. The only significant contributors to alpha particle activity in Lahontan Valley groundwater are 234/238U, 222Rn, and 210Po. Radon-222 activities were below 1000 pCi/L and were uncorrelated with 210Po activity. The only applicable drinking water standard for 210Po in the United States is the adjusted gross alpha radioactivity (GAR) standard of 15 pCi/L. 210Po was not volatile in a Nevada well, but volatile 210Po has been reported in a Florida well. Additional information on the volatility of 210Po is needed because GAR is an inappropriate method to screen for volatile radionuclides. About 25% of the samples had 210Po activities that exceed the level associated with a lifetime total cancer risk of 1× 10−4 (1.1 pCi/L) without exceeding the GAR standard. In cases where the 72-h GAR exceeds the uranium activity by more than 5 to 10 pCi/L, an analysis to rule out the presence of 210Po may be justified to protect human health even though the maximum contaminant level for adjusted GAR is not exceeded.

  10. {sup 230}Th/U-dating of a late Holocene low uranium speleothem from Cuba

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fensterer, Claudia; Mangini, Augusta [Forschungsstelle Radiometrie, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Scholz, Denis; Hoffmann, Derik [School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, BS8 1SS, Bristol (United Kingdom); Pajon, Jesus M, E-mail: Claudia.Fensterer@iup.uni-heidelberg.d [Department of Archaeology, Cuban Institute of Anthropology, Amargura No. 203, e/n Habana y Aguiar, Ciudad de La Habana, CP: 10 100 (Cuba)

    2010-03-15

    We present 22 U-series ages for a stalagmite from north-western Cuba based on multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS). Our results reveal that the stalagmite continuously grew within the last {approx}1400a. Low uranium content of the sample and thus, extremely low {sup 230}Th concentrations limit the precision and accuracy of {sup 230}Th/U-dating by TIMS. Samples measured by MC-ICPMS show a high variability of {sup 232}Th content along the growth axis with some sections significantly affected by initial {sup 230}Th from a detrital phase. An a-priori bulk earth ratio for ({sup 238}U/{sup 232}Th) cannot be used to accurately account for this initial {sup 230}Th. Using an age model based on the {sup 230}Th/U ages determined on samples with low or negligible {sup 232}Th concentration, we find that the ({sup 238}U/{sup 232}Th) activity ratio of the detrital phase is an order of magnitude larger than the bulk earth value, indicating the importance of an accurately determined correction factor.

  11. Analysis of photofission reactions of 235U, 238U, 232Th, 209Bi, natPb, 197Au, natPt, natW, 181Ta, and 27Al by photons of 69 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paiva, Eduardo de

    1997-04-01

    Fission reactions induced in 235 U, 238 U, 232 Th, 209 Bi nat Pb, 197 Au, nat Pt, nat W, 181 Ta. and 27 Al nuclei by monochromatic photons of 69 MeV produced at the LADON facility of the Frascati National Laboratories (INFN-LNF, Frascati, Italy) have been analyzed on the basis of a simplified two-step model. In the first step of the reaction the incoming photon is considered to be absorbed by a neutron-proton pair ('quasi-deuteron') leading to excitation of the nucleus, followed, in the second step, by a mechanism of particle evaporation-fission competition for the excited residual nucleus. Estimates of nuclear fissility at 69 MeV show to be critically dependent on the parameter r (ratio of the level-density parameter at the fission saddle point to the level-density parameter of the residual nucleus after neutron evaporation), which can be determined in a semiempirical way from induced fission reaction data for various nuclei obtained at 60 - 80 MeV of excitation energy. Fissilities calculated by means of the simplified photofission reactions model are then compared with experimental data available in the literature. (author)

  12. Why LiFePO4 is a safe battery electrode: Coulomb repulsion induced electron-state reshuffling upon lithiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Xiaosong; Wang, Yung Jui; Barbiellini, Bernardo; Hafiz, Hasnain; Basak, Susmita; Liu, Jun; Richardson, Thomas; Shu, Guojiun; Chou, Fangcheng; Weng, Tsu-Chien; Nordlund, Dennis; Sokaras, Dimosthenis; Moritz, Brian; Devereaux, Thomas P; Qiao, Ruimin; Chuang, Yi-De; Bansil, Arun; Hussain, Zahid; Yang, Wanli

    2015-10-21

    LiFePO4 is a battery cathode material with high safety standards due to its unique electronic structure. We performed systematic experimental and theoretical studies based on soft X-ray emission, absorption, and hard X-ray Raman spectroscopy of LixFePO4 nanoparticles and single crystals. The results clearly show a non-rigid electron-state reconfiguration of both the occupied and unoccupied Fe-3d and O-2p states during the (de)lithiation process. We focus on the energy configurations of the occupied states of LiFePO4 and the unoccupied states of FePO4, which are the critical states where electrons are removed and injected during the charge and discharge process, respectively. In LiFePO4, the soft X-ray emission spectroscopy shows that, due to the Coulomb repulsion effect, the occupied Fe-3d states with the minority spin sit close to the Fermi level. In FePO4, the soft X-ray absorption and hard X-ray Raman spectroscopy show that the unoccupied Fe-3d states again sit close to the Fermi level. These critical 3d electron state configurations are consistent with the calculations based on modified Becke and Johnson potentials GGA+U (MBJGGA+U) framework, which improves the overall lineshape prediction compared with the conventionally used GGA+U method. The combined experimental and theoretical studies show that the non-rigid electron state reshuffling guarantees the stability of oxygen during the redox reaction throughout the charge and discharge process of LiFePO4 electrodes, leading to the intrinsic safe performance of the electrodes.

  13. 48 CFR 232.501-3 - Contract price.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract price. 232.501-3... 232.501-3 Contract price. (b) The contracting officer may approve progress payments when the contract price exceeds the funds obligated under the contract, provided the contract limits the Government's...

  14. On thermal expansion of RbD2PO4, CsH2PO4 and CsDrPO4 crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vlokh, O.G.; Shchur, Ya.I.; Klymiv, I.M.

    1994-01-01

    Thermal expansion of RbD 2 PO 4 , CsH 2 PO 4 , CsD 2 PO 4 crystals in a wide range of temperatures embracing points of phase transitions was studied. An explanation of anomalous behaviour of thermal expansion factor along directions b and c in the course of RbD 2 PO 4 transfer into intermediate phase was suggested. 10 refs., 4 figs

  15. SIGURNOST U ŽIVOTNOJ I RADNOJ OKOLINI – PROMIDŽBA PUTEM POŠTANSKIH MARAKA

    OpenAIRE

    Aščić, Ivo; Binički, Marijan

    2012-01-01

    SAŽETAK: Uvođenjem poštanske marke sredinom 19. stoljeća, kao sredstva za plaćanje poštanskih usluga unaprijed, pojednostavljen je složeni proces prijenosa pošiljaka za sve sudionike u složenom poštanskom sustavu. Osim svoje primarne uloge, poštanska marka je naknadno dobila i brojne druge uloge: marketinško sredstvo, promidžba nacionalne baštine, sredstvo sakupljanja, itd. Zaštita na radu, zaštita od požara, sigurnost u prometu, zaštita okoline i medicina rada su vrlo popularne teme na pošta...

  16. 24 CFR 232.840 - Date of default.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Date of default. 232.840 Section 232.840 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued....840 Date of default. In computing loan insurance benefits, the date of default shall be considered as...

  17. Crystal structure of 4-RbHo(PO3)4, 4-RbTm(PO3)4 and 4-CsEr(PO3)4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maksimova, S.I.; Palkina, K.K.; Chibiskova, N.T.

    1982-01-01

    X-ray structural study of 4-RbLn(PO 3 ) 4 (Ln=Mo, Tm) and 4-CsEr(PO 3 ) 4 is carried out. The compounds are crystallized in monoclinic crystal system, sp. gr P2 1 /n. Parameters of their unit cell, atom coordinates, anisotropic heat parameters, interatomic distances and valent angles are given. 4-RbHo(PO 3 ) 4 , 4-RbTm(PO 3 ) 4 , 4-CsEr(PO 3 ) 4 are isostructural to previously studied TlNd(PO 3 ) and 4-RbNd(PO 3 ) 4 . Using as an example the structural type 4-M 1 Ln(PO 3 ) 4 it is shown that the change of the shortest distances Ln-Ln, M 1 -M 1 and M 1 -Ln, as well as of degree of polymorphous chain corrugation to a higher extent depends on rare earth atom dimensions, than on monovalent metal ion dimensions [ru

  18. 232Th(d,4n)230Pa cross-section measurements at ARRONAX facility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duchemin, C.; Guertin, A.; Metivier, V.; Haddad, F.

    2015-01-01

    Full text of publication follows. The ARRONAX cyclotron [Ref.1], acronym for 'Accelerator for Research in Radiochemistry and Oncology at Nantes Atlantique' is a new facility installed in Nantes, France. A dedicated program has been launched on production of innovative radionuclides for PET imaging and for β- and α- targeted radiotherapy using proton or α particle. Since the accelerator is also able to deliver deuteron beams up to 35 MeV, we have reconsidered the possibility to use them to produce medical isotopes. In this study, we have focused on cross section measurements using the stacked-foil technique [Ref. 2] of one isotope dedicated to alpha radio-immunotherapy (α RIT) [Ref.3], 226 Th which can be produced through different routes. It's of great interest since it has been found to be a more potent alpha particle emitter for leukemia therapies than Bi 213 [Ref.4]. Indeed, the 226 Th decay produced a cascade of four α particles with a cumulated energy of 27.7 MeV. An additional interest is the possible use of a radionuclide generator system 230 U/ 226 Th. 230 U could be produced directly via 231 Pa(p, 2n) 230 U, and indirectly via 230 Pa using proton or deuteron beams through 232 Th(p, 3n) 230 Pa → 230 U, 232 Th(d, 4n) 230 Pa → 230 U. Twelve data sets are published concerning the 230 Pa cross section induced by proton [Ref 5], only one by deuteron [Ref.6]. As sometimes deuteron induced reaction gives higher cross section values, it seems interesting to focus our study on their use as projectile on 232 Th target to produce 230 Pa. Contaminants created during irradiation are also measured since a good optimization of the process is supposed to find the best compromise between production yield and purity of the final product. Our new sets of data are compared with the existing data [Refs.5,6] on other existing production routes and with results given by TALYS code calculations [Ref.7]. References: 1] F. Haddad and al., Eur. J. Med. Mol

  19. Neutron induced fission cross section ratios for 232Th, /sup 235,238/U, 237Np, and 239Pu from 1 to 400 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lisowski, P.W.; Ullmann, J.L.; Balestrini, S.J.; Carlson, A.D.; Wasson, O.A.; Hill, N.W.

    1988-01-01

    Time-of-flight measurements of neutron induced fission cross section ratios for 232 Th, /sup 235,238/U, 237 Np, and 239 Pu, were performed using the WNR high intensity spallation neutron source located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A multiple-plate gas ionization chamber located at a 20-m flight path was used to simultaneously measure the fission rate for all samples over the energy range from 1 to 400 MeV. Because the measurements were made with nearly identical neutron fluxes, we were able to cancel many systematic uncertainties present in previous measurements. This allows us to resolve discrepancies among different data sets. In addition, these are the first neutron-induced fission cross section values for most of the nuclei at energies above 30 MeV. 8 refs., 3 figs

  20. Krwotok położniczy – zasady współpracy położnika i anestezjologa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elżbieta Nowacka

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Krwotok położniczy wciąż jest jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn zgonów ciężarnych irodzących. Prawie 88% kobiet umiera w ciągu pierwszych czterech godzin od momentu jego wystąpienia. Znajomość mechanizmów regulują‑ cych homeostazę ustroju ciężarnej ma ogromne znaczenie w postępowaniu terapeutycznym w przypadku wystą‑ pienia krwotoku okołoporodowego. O tym, jak trudno rozpoznać i zdefiniować krwotok położniczy, dowodzi obecność kilkunastu różnych jego definicji. Z punktu widzenia zmian hemodynamicznych, następstw ogólno‑ ustrojowych i konieczności podjęcia określonych decyzji terapeutycznych bardzo użyteczne wydają się pojęcia oceniające szybkość utraty wokreślonym przedziale czasowym: skumulowana utrata krwi wynosząca 150 ml/min lub 1,5 ml/kg m.c./min oraz utrata 50% objętości krwi krążącej w ciągu 3 godzin. Rokowanie w krwotoku położ‑ niczym zależy od wielu elementów, do których zaliczamy: szybkie rozpoznanie, powiadomienie i wdrożenie algo‑ rytmu postępowania terapeutycznego oraz efektywne działanie interdyscyplinarne różnych zespołów biorących udział w procesie diagnostyczno‑leczniczym. Niezbędna jest jednoczasowa, efektywna współpraca doświadczo‑ nego zespołu anestezjologicznego, ginekologiczno‑położniczego, bloku operacyjnego, zespołów pracowni dia‑ gnostyczno‑laboratoryjnych oraz regionalnego centrum krwiodawstwa. Skoordynowanie pracy dużej liczby ludzi, często „rozrzuconych” w strukturach organizacyjnych szpitala na różnych piętrach lub w oddzielnych budyn‑ kach, jest niezmiernie trudne. Opracowanie algorytmu postępowania uwzględniającego kolejność i sposób powiadamiania oraz wdrażanie określonych procedur w poszczególnych jednostkach organizacyjnych decydu‑ ją o przeżyciu pacjentki i późniejszej jakości życia. Większość czynności w ciężkim krwotoku położniczym (resu‑ scytacja, monitorowanie, opanowywanie

  1. 48 CFR 1552.232-74 - Payments-simplified acquisition procedures financing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... acquisition procedures financing. 1552.232-74 Section 1552.232-74 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Provisions and Clauses 1552.232-74 Payments—simplified acquisition procedures financing. As prescribed in... acquisition procedures financing. Payments—Simplified Acquisition Procedures Financing (JUN 2006) Simplified...

  2. 230Th-238U disequilibria in historical lavas from Iceland

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Condomines, M.; Morand, P.; Alleegre, C.J.; Sigvaldason, G.

    1981-01-01

    The 230 Th- 238 U disequilibrium studies on historical lavas from Iceland show a relative homogeneity for Th/U ratios and also a variation for ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) activity ratios at the scale of the island. The ( 230 Th/ 238 U) disequilibrium ratio is always greater than 1 which indicates that partial melting produces magmas with Th/U ratios greater than those of the mantle source. Furthermore, there seems to be a correlation between the variations of ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) (and delta 18 O) ratios and the geographical location of the samples along the active zones of Iceland. We develop and discuss several models in order to explain these variations. (orig.)

  3. The system La(PO3)3-Ca(PO3)2-P2O5

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jungowska, W.; Znamierowska, T.

    1993-01-01

    Ternary system La(PO 3 ) 3 -Ca(PO 3 ) 2 -P 2 O 5 has been studied by means of thermal and roentgenography analysis. The existence of single intermediate compound CaLa(PO 3 ) 5 has been observed. The phase diagrams for the ternary system as well as for two binary systems La(PO 3 ) 3 -Ca(PO 3 ) 2 and CaLa(PO 3 ) 5 -LaP 5 O 11 have been shown. 7 refs, 3 figs

  4. Concentration of thorium isotopes and the activity ratios of 230Th/232Th and 228Th/232Th in seawater in the Pacific Ocean

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miyake, Yasuo; Sugimura, Yukio; Yasujima, Tadahide.

    1978-01-01

    The concentration of thorium isotopes and the activity ratios of 230 Th/ 232 Th and 228 Th/ 232 Th in 500 l sea water samples collected in the Pacific Ocean were determined. Thorium isotopes were analyzed by alpha-ray spectrometry after separating them from other elements with an anion exchange resin. The average content of thorium ( 232 Th) of 0.9 ng l -1 was obtained in the open Pacific water. The average contents of 230 Th and 228 Th were 2.1 x 10 -2 pgl -1 and 1.2 agl -1 respectively. It was found that the ratios of 230 Th/ 232 Th and 228 Th/ 232 Th ranged respectively from 1.0 to 29, and from 0.4 to as high as 128. (author)

  5. Radionuclides in soil and vegetation from the environment of a coal-fired power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bunzl, K.; Chatterjee, B.; Hoetzl, H.; Lapointe, M.C.; Rosner, G.; Winkler, R.

    1983-05-01

    Pb-210, Po-210, Ra-226, U-238, Th-232 and K-40 were determined in 95 soil samples around a black coal-fired power plant (254 MW). Besides, these radionuclides were also measured in the fly ash (last stage of the electrostatic precipitator) as well as Pb-210 and Po-210 in several samples of the vegetation. For the determination of Pb-210 and Po-210 methods for the dissolution of relatively large (10 g) soil samples and for the radiochemical separation were developed. The local distribution patterns of the specific activities of Pb-210, Po-210 and Ra-226 in the soils around the power plant as well as the ratios of these nuclides in the soil and in the fly ash do not reveal any noticable effects of the power plant emissions on the natural concentration of these radionuclides in these soils. The observed specific activities of the radionuclides in the fly ash are obviously too small to cause a perturbation of these nuclides in the soil which exceeds the natural variations. The specific activities of Pb-210 and Po-210 in the vegetation samples confirm this conclusion. As a result of the special distribution of the soil types in this area (significantly different concentrations of stable potassium in the soils of the valley and along the slopes of the hills) a nearly bimodal frequency distribution was observed for K-40 and Th-232 in the soils. Also a highly significant correlation was found between K-40 and Th-232 in the soil. (orig./HP) [de

  6. Measurement of the cross sections for the 238U(n,2n) and 232Th(n,2n) reactions in the 13.5 - 14.8 MeV energy range

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raics, P.; Nagy, S.; Daroczy, S.; Kornilov, N.V.

    1990-10-01

    (n,2n) reaction cross sections have been determined for 238 U and 232 Th by using the activation method. Neutrons were produced in D-T reaction by bombarding a TiT target with analyzed deuteron beam from a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. Neutron energy was varied by changing the emission angle to the deuteron beam. The activities of the 237 U and 231 Th residual nuclei were measured by a Ge(Li) and a HP Ge gamma-spectrometer, respectively. Several standard reactions were used for the determination of the neutron flux density. An overall precision of 3.5 - 4.5% was estimated and a 1.4 - 3.5% reproducibility was achieved. Comparison of the recent results to literature data and a brief analysis of the monitor reactions are given. (author). 48 refs, 3 figs, 7 tabs

  7. Biogeochemical factors affecting the presence of 210Po in groundwater

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seiler, Ralph L.; Stillings, Lisa L.; Cutler, Nichole; Salonen, Laina; Outola, Iisa

    2011-01-01

    . Common features of 210 Po-enriched groundwater were identified by comparing the radiological and geochemical data from Nevada with data from naturally-enriched wells in Finland, and Florida and Maryland in the USA. Values of pH ranged from 9 in Nevada wells, indicating that pH is not critical in determining whether 210 Po is present. Where U is present in the sediments, the data suggest 210 Po levels may be elevated in aquifers with (1) SO 4 -reducing waters with low H 2 S concentrations, or (2) anoxic or oxic waters with extremely high Rn activities, particularly if the water is turbid.

  8. 24 CFR 232.830 - Definition of default.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of default. 232.830... Insurance § 232.830 Definition of default. (a) If the borrower fails to make any payments due under or... default for the purposes of this subpart. (b) The failure to perform any other covenant under the note or...

  9. Radionuclides (40K, 232Th and 238U) and Heavy Metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb) Distribution Assessment at Renggam Landfill, Simpang Renggam, Johor, Malaysia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zaidi, E.; FahrulRazi, MJ; Azhar, ATS; Hazreek, ZAM; Shakila, A.; Norshuhaila, MS; Omeje, M.

    2017-08-01

    The assessment of radioactivity levels and the distribution of heavy metals in soil samples at CEP Farm landfill, Renggam in Johor State was to determine the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides and heavy metal concentrations of this landfill. The background radiation was monitored to estimate the exposure level. The activity concentrations of radionuclides in soil samples were determined using HPGe gamma ray spectroscopy whereas the heavy metal concentration was measured using X-RF analysis. The mean exposure rate at the landfill site was 36.2±2.4 μR hr-1 and the annual effective dose rate at the landfill site was 3.19 ± 0.22 mSv yr-1. However, residential area has lower mean exposure dose rate of about 16.33±0.72 μR hr-1 and has an annual effective dose rate of 1.43±0.06 mSv yr-1 compared to landfill sites. The mean activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th at landfill site were 239.95±15.89 Bq kg-1, 20.90±2.49 Bq kg-1 and 40.61±4.59 Bq kg-1, respectively. For heavy metal compositions, Cr, Ni and Cu have mean concentration of 232±10 ppm, 23±2 ppm, and 46±19 ppm, respectively. Whereas, Zn has concentration of 64±9 ppm and concentration of 12±1 ppm and 71±2 ppm was estimated for As and Pb respectively. The higher activity concentration of 40K down the slope through leaching process whereas the higher activity level of 238U content at the landfill site may be attributed to the soil disruption to local equilibrium.

  10. Mixed phosphates of the Na3PO4 - LnPO4 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Slivko, T.A.; Smirnova, I.N.; Zimina, G.V.; Spiridonov, F.M.; Chudinova, N.N.

    2002-01-01

    The phase relationships in the systems Na 3 PO 4 - LnPO 4 (subsolidus 950 Deg C cross-sections), where Ln=Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu, were studied by X-ray analysis. Reactions of the components were deduced, formed phases were separated and identified. The Na 6 Ln 3 (PO 4 ) 5 (Ln=Dy, Ho, Tm), Na 3 Ln 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (Ln=Tm, Yb, Lu) compounds and phases of the unstable composition Na 6+x Ln 3-x/3 (PO 4 ) 5 (Ln=Yb, Lu, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) were detected for the first time. In all systems the existence of the Na 3-x Ln x/3 PO 4 unstable composition phase on the basis of the high temperature modification of sodium phosphate (sp. gr. Fm3m) is established, suggesting that stabilization of this modification by rare earth ions is possible [ru

  11. Analysis for the radionuclides of the natural uranium and thorium decay chains with special reference to uranium mine tailings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lowson, R.T.; Short, S.A.

    1986-08-01

    A detailed review is made of the experimental techniques that are available, or are in the process of development, for the determination of 238 U, 235 U, 234 U, 231 Pa, 232 Th, 230 Th, 228 Th, 228 Ra, 226 Ra, 223 Ra, 210 Po and 210 Pb. These products of the uranium and thorium decay chains are found in uranium mine tailings. Reference is also made to a procedure for the selective phase extraction of mineral phases from uranium mine tailings

  12. 48 CFR 52.232-31 - Invitation To Propose Financing Terms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... Financing Terms. 52.232-31 Section 52.232-31 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION... Clauses 52.232-31 Invitation To Propose Financing Terms. As prescribed in 32.205(b) and 32.206, insert the following provision: Invitation To Propose Financing Terms (OCT 1995) (a) The offeror is invited to propose...

  13. Natural radioactive isotopes in food of Polish population

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pietrzak-Lis, Z.

    1999-01-01

    The natural radioactive isotopes contamination of basic food products and water in two regions of Poland (Central Poland and Silesia Region) have been measured. The following isotopes have been taken into account: U-234, U-238, Th-228, Th-230, Th-232, Ra-226, Ra-228, Pb-210; Po-210. The annually intake of mentioned isotopes by regional population and relative doses have been assessed for typical diet of adults in Poland

  14. Bioaccumulation of radionuclides in traditional Aboriginal foods from the Magela and Cooper Creek systems. Research Report 11

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martin, P.; Hancock, G.J.; Johnston, A.; Murray, A.S.

    1995-12-31

    Activity concentrations of the radionuclides {sup 210} Pb, {sup 210} Po, {sup 226} Ra, {sup 238} U, {sup 234} U {sup 232} Th and {sup 230} Th were measured in edible flesh of a number of traditional Aboriginal food items from the Magela and Cooper Creek systems in the tropical Northern Territory of Australia. Some results for {sup 227} Ac were also obtained. Food items studied were fish, buffalo, pig, magpie goose, filesnake, goanna, turtle, freshwater shrimp, freshwater crocodile and two types of plant roots. Water and soil activity concentrations were also measured to enable the calculation of concentration factors. For most edible flesh samples, activity concentrations followed the approximate order: {sup 210} Po >> [{sup 226} Ra {approx} {sup 210} Pb] > [{sup 234} U{approx}{sup 238} U] > [{sup 230} Th{approx}{sup 232} Th]. The {sup 210} Po/{sup 210} Pb activity ratio was particularly high (greater than 100) for pig flesh. The highest soft tissue activity concentration recorded was 45000 {+-} 2000 mBq/kg wet weight for {sup 210} Po in one sample of turtle liver. Concentration factors for fish species fall into three groups. Group 1 (bony bream and sleepy cod) had factors about five times higher than for Group 2 (eight other species including barramundi). Some smaller fish species (Group 3) are eaten whole and hence have relatively high concentration factors. Variability with location and season was small in comparison with inter-group variability. Measured factors for fish in groups 1 and 3 were generally significantly higher than IAEA default values. Factors for turtle flesh were similar to those for fish in group 1, but were about a factor of 10 higher for liver. Factors for magpie goose, filesnake, freshwater shrimp, goanna and crocodile flesh were also of the same order as for fish in groups 1 or 2. 37 refs., 57 tabs., 4 figs.

  15. Temporal evolution of natural radionuclides distributions {sup 238}U, {sup 234}Th, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 228}Ra, {sup 210}Pb and {sup 210}Po in the Bransfield strait, Antarctica peninsula; Evolucao temporal das distribuicoes dos radionuclideos naturais {sup 238}U, {sup 234}Th, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 228}Ra, {sup 210}Pb and {sup 210}Po no estreito de Bransfiel, peninsula Antartica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lapa, Flavia Valverde

    2013-07-01

    Research on the distribution of natural radionuclides in Antarctica is rare and thus, there is great interest in to know their occurrence and factors related to its mobilization, transference and accumulation in this extremely fragile environment. Natural radionuclides have been used intensively as tracers in the ocean, helping to better understand processes as sinking and particle resuspension, water masses mixture and oceanic circulation. {sup 234}Th (t½ = 24.1 days) is a particle-reactive radionuclide produced continuously in seawater by the decay of its soluble precursor conservative with salinity {sup 238}U (t½ = 4.5 10{sup 9} years). Since {sup 234}Th presents relatively short half-life, it is used to quantify processes that occur in temporal scale varying from days to weeks. The disequilibrium {sup 234}Th/{sup 238}U in the surface ocean has been applied to estimate carbon fluxes exported via sinking material. The flux of particles biologically productive out of the euphotic zone in the Southern Ocean has special attention due to its importance in the control of CO{sub 2} atmospheric concentrations. The radionuclides {sup 210}Pb (t½ = 22.3 years) and {sup 210}Po (t½ = 138 days) are also particle-reactive. The disequilibrium {sup 210}Po/{sup 210}Pb has been used to estimate fluxes of particles exported in the ocean in the time scale of weeks. The long-lived Ra isotopes, {sup 226}Ra (t½ = 1,600 years) and {sup 228}Ra (t½ = 5.75 years) are soluble in seawater, presenting unique properties that make them excellent tracers of water masses. This research work had the aim to study the distributions of natural radionuclides {sup 238}U, {sup 234}Th, {sup 22}'6Ra, {sup 22}'8Ra, {sup 210}Pb and {sup 210}Po in the Bransfield Strait during 2 samplings carried out in the 2011 Austral Summer (OPERANTAR XXIX and XXX). (author)

  16. Relics of continental lithosphere in the atlantic by data of (Th/U)th, (Th/U)pb, and K/Ti systematics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Titayeva, N.A.; Mironov, Y.

    1996-01-01

    The problem of mantle heterogeneity of the Atlantic Ocean has been investigated. Th/U ratio is a sensitive geochemical tracer. This ratio can be calculated from 232Th/230Th or from 208Pb/206Pb since 230Th and 206Pb are decay product of 238U and 208Pb is a product of 232Th decay. The former way to get Th/U ratio is valid for quaternary volcanic rocks because of the relatively short 230Th half life (80000 years), the latter way gives an integral quantity characterizing the pre-oceanic history beginning from the onset of earth formation and ending about 150 million years ago. Clear distinctions between ''depleted oceanic'' and ''enriched continental'' reservoirs have been drawn from comparative analysis of rocks. (A.C.)

  17. Determination of radioactivity levels in phosphate-containing fertilizers, copper and gold ores by direct gamma-ray spectroscopy. U-238, Th-232, K-40, and Ra-226 in fertilizers and ores

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Constantinescu, B.; Constantin, F.; Dusoiu, N.; Pascovoici, G.

    1996-01-01

    Two particular sources from the natural radiation background which may be encountered in Romanian industry are here presented: the phosphate containing fertilizers and the gold and copper ores, respectively. U-238, Th-232, K-40, and Ra-226 activity levels for several imported phosphorites, superphosphates and also for concentrated Cu and Au indigenous ores are reported. A simple and efficient radioactivity determination procedure based on a large volume NaI(Tl) detector, coupled to a Romanian design portable multichannel analyzer is described. Potential radiological impacts for the specialized workers are also discussed. (author) 1 fig., 4 tabs. 6 refs

  18. Investigations of the emission of radionuclides from coal fired power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatterjee, B.; Hoetzl, H.; Rosner, G.; Winkler, R.

    1980-02-01

    Samples of coal, brown coal, bottom ash, collected fly ash and 4 sieve fractions of collected fly ash from various electrostatic filter stages as well as samples of escaping fly ash, all taken simultaneously on 3 operating-days, have been investigated. In samples from coal through fly ash sieve fractions U-238, Th-232, Ra-226, Pb-210 and K-40 have been determined by γ-spectrometry, Po-210 by chemical separation with subsequent α-spectrometry. In escaping fly ash samples, which are available in small amounts only (ca. 1 g or less), after chemical separation U-238, U-234, Th-232, Th-230, Th-228 and Po-210 were determined by α-spectrometry and Pb-210 by low-level β-counting. Furthermore, Po-210 has been determined by direct α-spectrometry in several particle size fractions collected with a cascade impactor from the exhaust stream. The analytical procedures, which partially had to be developed for the purposes of the present study, are presented shortly. Specific activities of escaping fly ash are in good agreement with specific activities of the fly ash collected from the last electrostatic precipitator stage, provided that, for the latter, the particle size distribution in escaping fly ash is taken into account. Using these specific activities annual air-borne radionuclide emissions are calculated. The resulting activity concentrations in ground level air are compared to values of natural radioactivity. (orig./HP) [de

  19. The natural radioactivity in Guarani aquifer groundwater, Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bonotto, D M; Bueno, T O

    2008-10-01

    The measurements of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in groundwater samples from Guarani aquifer in Brazil are reported in this paper together with the activity concentration of the natural dissolved radionuclides (40)K, (238)U, (234)U, (226)Ra, (222)Rn, (210)Po, (210)Pb, (232)Th, (228Th), and (228)Ra. Most of the gross alpha radioactivity values were below the critical level of detection corresponding to 1 mBq/L, however, the whole data set for the gross beta radioactivity and radionuclides (40)K, (238)U, (234)U, (226)Ra, (222)Rn, (210)Po, (210)Pb, and (228)Ra was submitted to a statistical treatment, considering class intervals arranged in geometric progression, because of the great variability of the activity. The analysis indicated lognormal distribution of the data, as usually observed in samples taken from the natural context. An inverse relationship between the gross alpha and gross beta activity has been identified and is related to an increase in the K content in the water. The mobility coefficient has been estimated for (238)U, (226)Ra, (232)Th and (228)Ra in Guarani aquifer and the results indicated that the radioelement solubility in the studied system varies according to the following order: radium>uranium>thorium. The implications of the data obtained in terms of standards established for defining the drinking water quality have also been discussed.

  20. 48 CFR 232.072-3 - Cash flow forecasts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cash flow forecasts. 232..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING 232.072-3 Cash flow forecasts. (a... contractor to submit a cash flow forecast covering the duration of the contract. (b) A contractor's inability...

  1. Anomalous isotope effects in the U(IV)-U(VI) exchange system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fujii, Yasuhiko; Nomura, Masao; Okamoto, Makoto; Onitsuka, Hatsuki; Nakanishi, Takashi.

    1992-01-01

    In previous papers, the enrichment of 236 U in the U(IV) - U(VI) chemical exchange system was found to be significantly smaller than the value estimated by the normal mass dependence enrichment of 235 U. Further experiments have been carried out in the present work to confirm the strange phenomenon of the isotopic anomaly in uranium enrichment. The results have indicated that the separation coefficient of 236 U is the same value as one previously reported. To confirm the anomaly of uranium isotope separation, α-ray spectrometry was implemented to check the enrichment behavior of 234 U. Although no theoretical explanation is given for the isotopic anomaly, this is favorable phenomenon for the re-enrichment of recycled uranium which contains isotopes 232 U and 236 U. (author)

  2. 230Th-238U disequilibrium systematics in oceanic tholeiites from 210N on the East Pacific Rise

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Newman, S.; Finkel, R.C.; MacDougall, J.D.

    1983-01-01

    Significant disequilibrium occurs between 230 Th and its parent, 238 U, in a suite of fresh basalt glasses from the RISE Project study area at 21 0 N on the East Pacific Rise. The ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) activity ratios observed for eight of nine samples from the crest of the axis at this site are constant within analytical uncertainty, with a value of 1.22. This observed homogeneity of ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) has two possible interpretations. First, the measured ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) can be considered to indicate a mantle-source for the RISE basalts with Th/U of 2.5. This interpretation, however, conflicts with the proposed correlation between ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr which predicts that ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) should equal 1.33 at the RISE site. A second possible interpretation is that radioactive decay of 230 Th, in the basalts themselves or in a magma chamber, has decreased ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) from 1.33 to the observed values. The required time span is 11,000 to > 100,000 years. However, petrologic arguments rule against long residence time in a magma chamber, and the spreading rate of this section of the East Pacific Rise (6 cm/yr) predicts that the maximum age for axis basalts is 27,000 years. Both interpretations of the measured ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) imply a low Th/U ratio for the RISE basalt source and suggest that the MORB source at this location is depleted in Th with respect to U relative to primitive mantle or bulk earth. (orig./WL)

  3. 40 CFR 170.232 - Knowledge of labeling and site-specific information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Knowledge of labeling and site-specific information. 170.232 Section 170.232 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS WORKER PROTECTION STANDARD Standard for Pesticide Handlers § 170.232 Knowledge...

  4. 230Th-238U radioactive disequilibria in tholeiites from the FAMOUS zone (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36050'N): Th and Sr isotopic geochemistry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Condomines, M.; Morand, P.; Allegre, C.J.

    1981-01-01

    We analyzed, U, Th and 230 Th/ 232 Th activity ratios for a few tholeiites from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge FAMOUS zone at 36 0 50'N. The results show a fairly wider scatter for both Th/U and ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) ratios. Seawater contamination appears to be responsible for this scatter and, for the uranium, produces an increase in content yielding a ( 234 U/ 238 U) ratio greater than 1 and, for the Th, an increase of the ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) ratio which is a very sensitive indicator for contamination. Also, the latter often is selective: U, Th and Sr are not affected in the same manner. When discarding all data for contaminated samples, the FAMOUS zone appears to be very homogeneous with a Th/U ratio value of 3.05 and a ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) ratio value of 1.24. Comparison with other active volcanic areas reveals a negative correlation between ( 230 Th/ 232 Th) and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios for present lavas which is indicative of a consistency in Th-U and Rb-Sr fractionation in the source regions of these magmas. The Th isotopic geochemistry can thus provide useful information for the study of present volcanism, information as valuable as that from Sr, Pb or Nd isotopes. (orig.)

  5. Occurrence of 210Po and Biological Effects of Low-Level Exposure: The Need for Research

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wiemels, Joseph L.

    2012-01-01

    Background: Polonium-210 (210Po) concentrations that exceed 1 Bq/L in drinking-water supplies have been reported from four widely separated U.S. states where exposure to it went unnoticed for decades. The radionuclide grandparents of 210Po are common in sediments, and segments of the public may be chronically exposed to low levels of 210Po in drinking water or in food products from animals raised in contaminated areas. Objectives: We summarized information on the environmental behavior, biokinetics, and toxicology of 210Po and identified the need for future research. Methods: Potential linkages between environmental exposure to 210Po and human health effects were identified in a literature review. Discussion: 210Po accumulates in the ovaries where it kills primary oocytes at low doses. Because of its radiosensitivity and tendency to concentrate 210Po, the ovary may be the critical organ in determining the lowest injurious dose for 210Po. 210Po also accumulates in the yolk sac of the embryo and in the fetal and placental tissues. Low-level exposure to 210Po may have subtle, long-term biological effects because of its tropism towards reproductive and embryonic and fetal tissues where exposure to a single alpha particle may kill or damage critical cells. 210Po is present in cigarettes and maternal smoking has several effects that appear consistent with the toxicology of 210Po. Conclusions: Much of the important biological and toxicological research on 210Po is more than four decades old. New research is needed to evaluate environmental exposure to 210Po and the biological effects of low-dose exposure to it so that public health officials can develop appropriate mitigation measures where necessary. PMID:22538346

  6. Horizontalni aspekt ravnoteže snaga u međunarodnim odnosima

    OpenAIRE

    Popović, Petar

    2013-01-01

    Autor istražuje koncept ravnoteže snaga u međunarodnim odnosima, s osvrtom na realističku tradiciju (klasična i znanstvena faza) i njezino horizontalno shvaćanje ravnoteže snaga kao načela međunarodnog sustava samog po sebi. U prvom se dijelu obrađuje tzv. pesimistična faza (klasični realizam), koja je najviše kroz djelo H. J. Morgenthaua ravnotežu snaga u međunarodnim odnosima tumačila kao načelo samo po sebi u rukama politike moći. U drugom dijelu, u tzv. znanstvenoj fazi ...

  7. Moral u Hrvatskoj u sociologijskoj perspektivi

    OpenAIRE

    ČRPIĆ, Gordan; VALKOVIĆ, Marijan

    2000-01-01

    U radu se obrađuje stanje morala u Republici Hrvatskoj na temelju empirijskih socioreligijskih istraživanja provedenih na općoj populaciji građana koncem 1997. i početkom 1998. godine na uzorku od 1245 ispitanika, te na populaciji studenata hrvatskih sveučilišta 1999. godine na uzorku od 692 ispitanika. Rezultati su prikazani kroz sedam poglavlja rada i pokazuju da su mladi općenito permisivniji s obzirom na sve promatrane dimenzije morala. Religioznost se pokazala kao jasan kriterij zauziman...

  8. 29 CFR 500.232 - Consent findings and order.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Administrative Law Judge; and (4) A waiver of any right to challenge or contest the validity of the findings and... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Consent findings and order. 500.232 Section 500.232 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS MIGRANT AND...

  9. Irradiated uranium reprocessing; Prerada ozracenog urana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gal, I [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Laboratorijaza visoku aktivnost, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

    1961-12-15

    Task concerned with reprocessing of irradiated uranium covered the following activities: implementing the method and constructing the cell for uranium dissolving; implementing the procedure for extraction of uranium, plutonium and fission products from radioactive uranium solutions; studying the possibilities for using inorganic ion exchangers and adsorbers for separation of U, Pu and fission products.

  10. Milostinja, molitva, post. Liturgijski sadržaji Pepelnice kao početka korizme

    OpenAIRE

    PAŽIN, Zvonko

    2001-01-01

    Korizma, vrijeme priprave na Uskrs javlja se u rimskoj liturgiji od 4. st. a započinjala je Prvom nedjeljom korizme. Od 6. st. njezin se početak pomiče na srijedu koja prethodi toj nedjelji. Toga dana su pokornici, a uskoro i ostali vjernici, primali pepeo kao znak ulaska u korizmenu pripravu na Uskrs. Tako je ta srijeda i nazvana Pepelnica. U članku se analizira povijesni razvoj korizme i Pepelnice, a osnovni sadržaji: milostinja, molitva i post promatraju se u svjetlu biblijske predaje i...

  11. Electronic Properties of LiFePO4 and Li doped LiFePO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhuang, G.V.; Allen, J.L.; Ross, P.N.; Guo, J.-H.; Jow, T.R.

    2005-01-01

    The potential use of different iron phosphates as cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries has recently been investigated.1 One of the promising candidates is LiFePO4. This compound has several advantages in comparison to the state-of-the-art cathode material in commercial rechargeable lithium batteries. Firstly, it has a high theoretical capacity (170 mAh/g). Secondly, it occurs as mineral triphylite in nature and is inexpensive, thermally stable, non-toxic and non-hygroscopic. However, its low electronic conductivity (∼10-9 S/cm) results in low power capability. There has been intense worldwide research activity to find methods to increase the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4, including supervalent ion doping,2 introducing non-carbonaceous network conduction3 and carbon coating, and the optimization of the carbon coating on LiFePO4 particle surfaces.4 Recently, the Li doped LiFePO4 (Li1+xFe1-xPO4) synthesized at ARL has yield electronic conductivity increase up to 106.5 We studied electronic structure of LiFePO4 and Li doped LiFePO4 by synchrotron based soft X-ray emission (XES) and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies. XAS probes the unoccupied partial density of states, while XES the occupied partial density of states. By combining XAS and XES measurements, we obtained information on band gap and orbital character of both LiFePO4 and Li doped LiFePO4. The occupied and unoccupied oxygen partial density of states (DOS) of LiFePO4 and 5 percent Li doped LiFePO4 are presented in Fig. 1. Our experimental results clearly indicate that LiFePO4 has wideband gap (∼ 4 eV). This value is much larger than what is predicted by DFT calculation. For 5 percent Li doped LiFePO4, a new doping state was created closer to the Fermi level, imparting p-type conductivity, consistent with thermopower measurement. Such observation substantiates the suggestion that high electronic conductivity in Li1.05Fe0.95 PO4 is due to available number of charge carriers in the material

  12. α-decay properties of 190Po and the identification of 191Po

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Batchelder, J.C.; Batchelder, J.C.; Zganjar, E.F.; Toth, K.S.; Bingham, C.R.; Bingham, C.R.; Wauters, J.; Brown, L.T.; Davids, C.N.; Seweryniak, D.; Brown, L.T.; Conticchio, L.F.; Seweryniak, D.; Conticchio, L.F.; Wood, J.L.

    1997-01-01

    The α-decay properties of 190 Po were investigated through the use of a fragment mass analyzer in conjunction with a double-sided Si strip detector. The isotope was produced via the 96 Mo( 96 Mo,2n) reaction, and its α-decay energy and T 1/2 were measured as 7529(10) keV and 2.4 -0.3 +0.4 ms, respectively. The resulting reduced width is nearly identical to that of the 192,194 Po isotopes. This is believed to result from significant mixing between the ground state π(2p) and the low-lying 0 + π(4p-2h) intruder state in the Po parent. The result provides further evidence for shape coexistence in the light Po isotopes. In addition, 191 Po was unambiguously identified, and the 186 Pb α-decay branch was determined experimentally for the first time. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society

  13. Le corps poétique ou la poétique du corps

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yvonne Goga

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available Les réflexions sur la poésie de Valéry sont illustrées dans deux volumes : Album de vers anciens et Charmes. Parmi les images les plus représentatives est celle du corps de la femme. Par l’analyse des images sur le corps de la femme, le but de notre étude est celui de souligner l’un des principes de la poétique de Valéry : la relation entre le monde extérieur, le corps et l’esprit, pour créer le poème et le poète.

  14. Požeminių 3D duomenų modelio komunikacijų vizualizacija

    OpenAIRE

    Makovskaja, Tatjana

    2008-01-01

    Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama požeminių komunikacijų vizualizacija trimačiame modelyje. Šiame magistriniame darbe išnagrinėta 3D duomenų svarba ir pranašumas prieš 2D vizualizavimą. Buvo atliktas požeminių komunikacijų projektavimo tyrimas trima��io vaizdavimo programine įranga, ištirtas šių technologijų naudojimas užsienyje bei naudojimo perspektyvos Lietuvoje. Darbą sudaro 10 dalių: įvadas, informacijos vizualizavimo aplinkos, 3D duomenų modelio esmė, 3D programinės įrangos galimy...

  15. Perspektive promidžbe u XXI. stoljeću

    OpenAIRE

    Haramija, Predrag; Njavro, Đuro; Propat Darrer, Jagoda

    2012-01-01

    Otkriće i primjena novih postupaka u promidžbi ovisna je o dvjema vrstama silnica; s jedne strane, o novim tehničkim ili tehnološkim otkrićima glede sredstava komunikacije, a s druge strane o novim situacijama odnosno okolnostima u gospodarskome i društvenom okružju. U radu se prikazuje dosadašnji razvoj i istražuju moguće dominantne tendencije promidžbe u XXI. stoljeću. Početak XXI. stoljeća obilježava zasićenost potrošača mnoštvom promidžbenih poruka i sve veće nepovjerenje u njih, s...

  16. 226Ra and other radionuclides in water, vegetation, and tissues of beavers (Castor canadensis) from a watershed containing U tailings neat Elliot Lake, Canada

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clulow, F.V.; Mirka, M.A.; Dave, N.K.; Lim, T.P.

    1991-01-01

    Radionuclide levels were measured in tissues, gut contents, diet items, and water at site of capture, of adult beavers from the Serpent River drainage basin which contains U tailings at Elliot Lake, Ontario, and from nearby control sites. Levels of 226 Ra in beaver bone, muscle and kidney were highest in animals from locations close to U tailing; liver levels did not vary by site. Environmental 226 Ra levels were within ranges previously reported at these or similar locations elsewhere; levels in beaver gut contents reflected levels in diet items. Concentration ratios exceeded unity only between some vegetation items and beaver bone at the Elliot Lake site and were less than 0.19 between vegetation and other tissues. In two beavers with tissue levels of 226 Ra higher than others sampled, neither 232 Th nor 230 Th were detected in bone, muscle or liver tissues. U-238 was measurable in bone, muscle and liver; 228 Th in bone, 210 Po bone, muscle and liver; and 210 Pb was measurable only in bone. Estimated yearly intakes of radionuclides by people eating beavers were calculated to be below current allowable levels set by the Canadian regulatory authorities. (author)

  17. Inelastic neutron scattering and lattice dynamics studies of AlPO4 and GaPO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mittal, R.; Chaplot, S.L.; Kolesnikov, A.I.; Loong, C.-K.; Jayakumar, O.D.; Kulshreshtha, S.K.

    2006-01-01

    The compounds AlPO 4 and GaPO 4 show phase transitions at high pressure depending on the compressibility of the constituent tetrahedra. Semi-empirical interatomic potentials are available for AlPO 4 and GaPO 4 . Molecular dynamics simulations have been reported using these potentials to understand the nature of phase transitions in different polymorphs of these compounds. In order to check these potentials we have carried out lattice dynamical studies for AlPO 4 and GaPO 4 . The phonon density of states measurements from the polycrystalline samples of low-cristobalite phase of AlPO 4 and GaPO 4 are carried out using High-Resolution Medium-Energy Chopper Spectrometer at ANL in the energy transfer range 0-160 meV. The calculated phonon spectra for both the compounds using the available potentials show fair agreement with the experimental data. However, the agreement between the two is improved by including the polarizibility of the oxygen atoms in the framework of the shell model. The lattice dynamical model is used for the calculation of specific heat and thermal expansion

  18. 75 FR 41877 - Insured Healthcare Facilities 232 Loan Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-19

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5376-N-65] Insured Healthcare Facilities 232 Loan Application AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... Proposal: Insured Healthcare Facilities 232 Loan Application. OMB Approval Number: 2502-New. Form Numbers...

  19. 75 FR 16821 - Insured Healthcare Facilities 232 Loan Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-02

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5376-N-23] Insured Healthcare Facilities 232 Loan Application AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY...: Title of Proposal: Insured Healthcare Facilities 232 Loan Application. OMB Approval Number: 2502-New...

  20. A study on 210Po activity concentration in soil at different depths along coastal Kerala

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Primal D'Cunha; Sathyanarayana Bhat, P.; Narayana, Y.

    2011-01-01

    The paper presents systematic studies on the vertical profiles of 210 Po, an important decay product of 238 U, in soils along coastal Kerala. Soil samples collected from different depth intervals 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm were analyzed for 210 Po activity concentration by radiochemical methods. The activity 210 Po in soil samples were counted using a ZnS(Ag) alpha scintillation counting system. The mean values of activity concentrations of 210 Po in soil of various depths were found to be 8.66, 5.63 and 4.95 Bq kg -1 for depth intervals of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm, respectively. The overall activity concentration of 210 Po in soil was found to vary from 2.26 ± 0.19 to 14.02 ± 0.12 Bq kg -1 with a mean value of 6.43 Bq kg -1 . Maximum activity concentration was found in soil samples of Kollam region with the mean value of 10.08 ± 0.92 Bq kg -1 . The activity of 210 Po was found to be comparatively high in surface soil. The variation of 210 Po activity concentration with organic matter contents was studied. 210 Polonium activity concentration was found to increase with increasing organic matter content. (author)

  1. Decision making algorithm of the rehabilitation of agricultural lands contaminated with heavy natural radionuclides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khomutyinyin, Yu.V.; Yivanov, Yu.O.; Kirichenko, V.K.

    2013-01-01

    Problem of rehabilitation of agricultural land contaminated with heavy natural radionuclides ( 210 Pb, 210 Po, 226 Ra, 232 Th, 238 U) was considered. Algorithm of decision making support on advisability of rehabilitation of mentioned land was suggested. Proposed algorithm was tested on the base of agricultural farmlands located in the affected zone of Pridneprovsky Chemicals Plant and its tailing dumps

  2. Baseline concentration of {sup 210}Po in Sargassum from the Northern Gulf

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uddin, S.; Bebhehani, M.; Talebi, L. [Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (Kuwait)

    2014-07-01

    The concentration of the {sup 210}Po is of enormous interest because of its large contribution to the natural radiation dose received by marine organisms and human populations consuming seafood. In fact natural {sup 210}Po is responsible for higher radiation doses to humans consuming marine products than is plutonium and other man-made radionuclides. Many marine organisms are capable of concentrating {sup 210}Po in their tissues. {sup 210}Po is an alpha emitter in the {sup 238}U series, with 138-d half-life, that is supplied to seawater from atmospheric inputs and river runoff, however, the main source of {sup 210}Po in the environment is {sup 222}Rn exhalation from the ground. Assessing the impact of radionuclides in the environment requires the establishment of baseline levels in the environmental compartments. The objective of this study was to establish baseline levels in Sargassum. Two most common species of Sargassum found in the northern Gulf were analysed for {sup 210}Po. These macro-algae were collected from three different locations during January 2013. This study sets the baseline for {sup 210}Po concentration in northern Gulf, {sup 210}Po is absorbed from water and concentrated by Phytoplankton and macro-algae. This concentrated {sup 210}Po can then be passed along to the next trophic level of the marine food web. The {sup 210}Po concentration measured in Sargassum boveanum (4.405 - 4.952 BqKg{sup -1}) was significantly higher (p>0.084) than Sargassum oligocystum (3.838 - 4.358 BqKg{sup -1}). The {sup 210}Po concentration in these seaweeds from the Arabian/Persian Gulf were substantially lower than those found in various Phytoplankton and macro-algae species from other regions; this may be due to the lower background {sup 210}Po concentration in the Kuwait marine waters (0.282 - 0.382 mBq l{sup -1}). The {sup 210}Po concentrations in seawater measured at the 3 stations during January 2013 were less than those reported previously from the same region

  3. 48 CFR 652.232-71 - Voucher Submission (Cost-Reimbursement).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ...-Reimbursement). 652.232-71 Section 652.232-71 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE CLAUSES... Voucher Submission (Cost-Reimbursement). As prescribed in 632.908(b), the contracting officer may insert a clause substantially the same as follows: Voucher Submission (Cost-Reimbursement) (AUG 1999) (a) General...

  4. HI-resolution gamma spectrometry measurements of U-238, TH-232, K-40 and CS-137 concentrations in soil samples from Capao Island at CTEx

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliveira, Luciano S.R.; Oliveira, Celio J.V.; Vilela, Paulo R.T.; Vital, Helio C.

    2013-01-01

    Absolute soil concentrations of U-238, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 samples collected from Capao Island have been measured by using Hi-Resolution Gamma HPGe Spectrometry. The area of interest encompasses an embankment in a mangrove swamp in Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, where nuclear, chemical and biological defense laboratories of the Brazilian Army Technology Center (CTEx) are located. In order to ensure that no significant environmental impact has resulted from neutron physics experiments performed in a graphite subcritical assembly in addition to the operation of two cesium-driven irradiating facilities, routine monitoring of those isotopes have been regularly performed. A total of eight 250 ml samples of mangrove and embankment soils were extracted from four sites of known coordinates within an area of 300 x 300 m 2 and remained stored for a minimum thirty-day period to allow equilibrium to be reached. Collection and preparation of samples were made according to previously established procedures. High purity germanium detectors were used to obtain high-resolution gamma spectra and counting times were required to exceed 30 hours in order to yield sufficient statistical accuracy. Energy and efficiency calibration curves of the counting system were determined by using the GENIE 2000 software for analysis of the gamma spectrum generated by nine standard sources with a total of 11 peak energies ranging from 0.05 to 1.3 MeV. The results, corrected for background, have been expressed as absolute specific activities. All experiments have been made in the Laboratory for Identification of Radiological Agents (LIAR) at CTEx. No trace of cesium-137 has been found and the measured levels of uranium-238, in the order of 10 Bq/kg, are close to the global mean. However, some data have been found to slightly exceed the expected normal range for thorium-232 (60% of samples) and potassium-40 (20% of samples). Since there is no handling of those isotopes in the site or others that could

  5. HI-resolution gamma spectrometry measurements of U-238, TH-232, K-40 and CS-137 concentrations in soil samples from Capao Island at CTEx

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oliveira, Luciano S.R.; Oliveira, Celio J.V.; Vilela, Paulo R.T.; Vital, Helio C., E-mail: vital@ctex.eb.br [Centro Tecnologico do Exercito (DDQBN/CTEX), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Defesa Quimica, Biologica e Nuclear. Secao de Defesa Nuclear

    2013-07-01

    Absolute soil concentrations of U-238, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 samples collected from Capao Island have been measured by using Hi-Resolution Gamma HPGe Spectrometry. The area of interest encompasses an embankment in a mangrove swamp in Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, where nuclear, chemical and biological defense laboratories of the Brazilian Army Technology Center (CTEx) are located. In order to ensure that no significant environmental impact has resulted from neutron physics experiments performed in a graphite subcritical assembly in addition to the operation of two cesium-driven irradiating facilities, routine monitoring of those isotopes have been regularly performed. A total of eight 250 ml samples of mangrove and embankment soils were extracted from four sites of known coordinates within an area of 300 x 300 m{sup 2} and remained stored for a minimum thirty-day period to allow equilibrium to be reached. Collection and preparation of samples were made according to previously established procedures. High purity germanium detectors were used to obtain high-resolution gamma spectra and counting times were required to exceed 30 hours in order to yield sufficient statistical accuracy. Energy and efficiency calibration curves of the counting system were determined by using the GENIE 2000 software for analysis of the gamma spectrum generated by nine standard sources with a total of 11 peak energies ranging from 0.05 to 1.3 MeV. The results, corrected for background, have been expressed as absolute specific activities. All experiments have been made in the Laboratory for Identification of Radiological Agents (LIAR) at CTEx. No trace of cesium-137 has been found and the measured levels of uranium-238, in the order of 10 Bq/kg, are close to the global mean. However, some data have been found to slightly exceed the expected normal range for thorium-232 (60% of samples) and potassium-40 (20% of samples). Since there is no handling of those isotopes in the site or others that

  6. Potential human health risk by metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to consumption of fish from the "Luis L. Leon" Reservoir (Northern México).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luna-Porres, Mayra Y; Rodríguez-Villa, Marco A; Herrera-Peraza, Eduardo F; Renteria-Villalobos, Marusia; Montero-Cabrera, María E

    2014-06-25

    Concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn and activity concentrations from 234,238U and 210Po in water, fillet, liver and gills were determined in three stocked fish species from the Luis L. Leon reservoir, located in Northern Mexico. The considered species were Lepomis cyanellus, Cyprinus carpio and Ictalurus furcatus. 238U and 234U activity concentration (AC) in fillet samples showed values of 0.007-0.014 and 0.01-0.02 Bq∙kg-1 wet weight (ww), respectively. Liver samples for L. cyanellus, C. carpio and I. furcatus present 210Po AC of 1.16-3.26, 0.70-1.13 and 0.93-1.37 Bq∙kg-1 ww. Arsenic, mercury and lead concentration intervals in fillet samples were 0.13-0.39, 0.005-0.126 and 0.009-0.08 mg∙kg-1 ww, respectively, while in gill samples they were 0.11-0.43, 0.002-0.039 and 0.02-0.26 mg∙kg-1 ww. The elemental Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) for fish tissues with respect to their concentrations in water was determined. L. cyanellus showed the highest BAF values for As and total U, being BAFAs = 37 and 40 L∙kg-1 in fillet and gills, respectively, and BAFU total = 1.5 L∙kg-1 in fillet. I. furcatus showed the highest BAF values for Hg and Pb, being BAFHg = 40 and 13 L∙kg-1 in fillet and gills, and BAFPb = 6.5 and 22 L∙kg-1 in fillet and gills, respectively. Some metal(loid) concentrations are slightly higher than European regulations for fish fillets. The difference in concentrations of metal(loid)s in fillet among the studied species is probably due to their differences in diet and habitat.

  7. Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loids, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mayra Y. Luna-Porres

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn and activity concentrations from 234,238U and 210Po in water, fillet, liver and gills were determined in three stocked fish species from the Luis L. Leon reservoir, located in Northern Mexico. The considered species were Lepomis cyanellus, Cyprinus carpio and Ictalurus furcatus. 238U and 234U activity concentration (AC in fillet samples showed values of 0.007–0.014 and 0.01–0.02 Bq∙kg−1 wet weight (ww, respectively. Liver samples for L. cyanellus, C. carpio and I. furcatus present 210Po AC of 1.16–3.26, 0.70–1.13 and 0.93–1.37 Bq∙kg−1 ww. Arsenic, mercury and lead concentration intervals in fillet samples were 0.13–0.39, 0.005–0.126 and 0.009–0.08 mg∙kg−1 ww, respectively, while in gill samples they were 0.11–0.43, 0.002–0.039 and 0.02–0.26 mg∙kg−1 ww. The elemental Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF for fish tissues with respect to their concentrations in water was determined. L. cyanellus showed the highest BAF values for As and total U, being BAFAs = 37 and 40 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, respectively, and BAFU total = 1.5 L∙kg−1 in fillet. I. furcatus showed the highest BAF values for Hg and Pb, being BAFHg = 40 and 13 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, and BAFPb = 6.5 and 22 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, respectively. Some metal(loid concentrations are slightly higher than European regulations for fish fillets. The difference in concentrations of metal(loids in fillet among the studied species is probably due to their differences in diet and habitat.

  8. Tracing changes in mantle and crustal influences in individual cone-building stages at Mt. Shasta using U-Th and Sr isotopes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wende, Allison M.; Johnson, Clark M.; Beard, Brian L.

    2015-10-01

    230Th-excess is rare in most arc lavas, but common in the Cascades, yet the origin of such excesses remains unclear. At Mt. Shasta, age-corrected (230Th/232Th) and (238U/232Th) activity ratios range from 1.108 to 1.290 and from 0.987 to 1.309 (27.3% 230Th-excess to 6.1% 238U-excess), respectively. Although small degrees of zircon crystallization (ancestral cone (Sand Flat) was followed by four cone-building stages, three of which lie in the age range of U-series geochronology. Lavas within individual eruptive stages have relatively constant (230Th/232Th)0 ratios that are interpreted to reflect specific mixtures of mantle (m) and lower crustal (lc) melts that are characteristic of a specific stage (Mm:lc). High (230Th/232Th)0 ratios identify higher proportions of lower crust in the Misery Hill stage (Mm:lc = ∼ 85 : 15), whereas low (230Th/232Th)0 ratios reflect the more mantle-like composition of the Shastina lavas (Mm:lc = ∼ 95 : 5); in the case of Shastina lavas, very low 87Sr/86Sr ratios, down to 0.7029, support a substantial mantle contribution. Changes in (230Th/232Th)0 ratios correlate with eruptive volume, where the most voluminous stage (Misery Hill) is inferred to have the largest proportion of crustal melt and highest (230Th/232Th)0 ratios. Variable (230Th/238U)0 ratios within, and between, eruptive groups likely reflect a combination of residence time in the lower crust and differential assimilation of bulk, non-garnet-bearing crust that had (230Th/238U) = 1. The volume-(230Th/232Th)0 relations are accompanied by correlations with 87Sr/86Sr ratios, where the most radiogenic Sr is associated with the largest eruptive volumes, indicating that the largest magmatic episodes produced the largest amount of lower crustal interaction. The new U-Th and Sr isotope measurements of this study, along with U-series data for other Cascade centers suggest that interaction with the lower crust exerts greater control on Cascade magma chemistry than previously

  9. Fission fragments mass distributions of nuclei populated by the multinucleon transfer channels of the 18O+232Th reaction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Léguillon

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available It is shown that the multinucleon transfer reactions is a powerful tool to study fission of exotic neutron-rich actinide nuclei, which cannot be accessed by particle-capture or heavy-ion fusion reactions. In this work, multinucleon transfer channels of the 18O+232Th reaction are used to study fission of fourteen nuclei 231,232,233,234Th, 232,233,234,235,236Pa, and 234,235,236,237,238U. Identification of fissioning nuclei and of their excitation energy is performed on an event-by-event basis, through the measurement of outgoing ejectile particle in coincidence with fission fragments. Fission fragment mass distributions are measured for each transfer channel, in selected bins of excitation energy. In particular, the mass distributions of 231,234Th and 234,235,236Pa are measured for the first time. Predominantly asymmetric fission is observed at low excitation energies for all studied cases, with a gradual increase of the symmetric mode towards higher excitation energy. The experimental distributions are found to be in general agreement with predictions of the fluctuation–dissipation model.

  10. 49 CFR 232.609 - Handling of defective equipment with ECP brake systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... (ECP) Braking Systems § 232.609 Handling of defective equipment with ECP brake systems. (a) Ninety-five... systems. 232.609 Section 232.609 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS FOR FREIGHT...

  11. Neutron induced fission cross section ratios for /sup 232/Th, /sup 235,238/U, /sup 237/Np, and /sup 239/Pu from 1 to 400 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lisowski, P.W.; Ullmann, J.L.; Balestrini, S.J.; Carlson, A.D.; Wasson, O.A.; Hill, N.W.

    1988-01-01

    Time-of-flight measurements of neutron induced fission cross section ratios for /sup 232/Th, /sup 235,238/U, /sup 237/Np, and /sup 239/Pu, were performed using the WNR high intensity spallation neutron source located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A multiple-plate gas ionization chamber located at a 20-m flight path was used to simultaneously measure the fission rate for all samples over the energy range from 1 to 400 MeV. Because the measurements were made with nearly identical neutron fluxes, we were able to cancel many systematic uncertainties present in previous measurements. This allows us to resolve discrepancies among different data sets. In addition, these are the first neutron-induced fission cross section values for most of the nuclei at energies above 30 MeV. 8 refs., 3 figs.

  12. Characterization of {sup 238}U, {sup 232}Th, {sup 40}K, and {sup 226}Ra in NORM and Air Particulate Occurring from Phosphate Processing Facility

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jung, Yoon Hee; Lim, Jong Myoung; Ji, Young Yong; Kim, Hyun Cheol; Kim, Chang Jong; Park, Ji Yong; Chung, Kun Ho; Kang, Mun Ja [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-05-15

    In this study, radio-activities of {sup 238}U, {sup 232}Th, {sup 40}K, and {sup 226}Ra occurring in raw materials and by-products at phosphate processing facility were complementally determined using ED-XRF, γ-spectrometry and ICP-MS method. Although the degree of immersion in the human body varies depending on the particle size and density, the particle size is especially used as a key factor in assessing dose. Thus, size distribution characteristics of {sup 238}U concentrations in airborne particulates collected at the phosphate processing facility were also evaluated. The naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are widely spread throughout the environment, it occupies the largest part of public radioactivity exposure. According to report of the US National Academy of Sciences, 82% of the human radiation dose received annually comes from the natural radionuclides. Radiation exposure doses from natural radionuclides is not significantly concerned level compared to those from artificial radionuclides which could be released into the environment by nuclear tests and power plant accident. It could make a serious risk problem to unspecific public when exposed to the natural radionuclides during long-term period at high activity concentration levels. Therefore, it is essential to make a professional and systematic approach for the proper handling and diminution.

  13. Timescales of magma ascent and degassing and the role of crustal assimilation at Merapi volcano (2006-2010), Indonesia: Constraints from uranium-series and radiogenic isotopic compositions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Handley, H. K.; Reagan, M.; Gertisser, R.; Preece, K.; Berlo, K.; McGee, L. E.; Barclay, J.; Herd, R.

    2018-02-01

    We present new 238U-230Th-226Ra-210Pb-210Po, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic data of whole-rock samples and plagioclase separates from volcanic deposits of the 2006 and 2010 eruptions at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia. These data are combined with available eruption monitoring, petrographic, mineralogical and Pb isotopic data to assess current theories on the cause of a recent transition from effusive dome-building (2006) to explosive (2010) activity at the volcano, as well as to further investigate the petrogenetic components involved in magma genesis and evolution. Despite the significant difference in eruption style, the 2006 and 2010 volcanic rocks show no significant difference in (238U/232Th), (230Th/232Th) and (226Ra/230Th) activity ratios, with all samples displaying U and Ra excesses. The 226Ra and 210Pb excesses observed in plagioclase separates from the 2006 and 2010 eruptions indicate that a proportion of the plagioclase grew within the decades preceding eruption. The 2006 and 2010 samples were depleted in 210Po relative to 210Pb ((210Po/210Pb)i monitoring parameters, 210Po ingrowth calculations suggest that initial intrusion into the shallow magma plumbing system occurred several weeks to a few months prior to the initial 2010 eruption. The 2006 and 2010 samples show a wide range in (210Pb/226Ra) activity ratio within a single eruption at Merapi and are largely characterised by 210Pb deficits ((210Pb/226Ra) monitoring data, previous petrological studies (mineral, microlite and melt inclusion work) and maximum calculated timescale estimates using Fe-Mg compositional gradients in clinopyroxene, that also suggest more rapid movement of relatively undegassed magma in 2010 relative to 2006.

  14. 226Ra, 232Th and 40K analysis in sand samples from some beaches of Great Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil: preliminary results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aquino, Reginaldo R.; Pecequilo, Brigitte R.S.

    2009-01-01

    The natural radioactivity in superficial beach sand samples of 7 beaches of Great Vitoria, metropolitan region of the State of Espirito Santo, southeast Brazil, was determined from the 226 Ra, 232 Th and 4 0 K contents. The assessed beaches were Manguinhos, Camburi, Praia do Canto, Curva da Jurema, Itapua, Setibao and Areia Preta. Three samples of each beach were sealed in standard 100 mL polyethylene flasks and stored in order to obtain secular equilibrium in the 238 U and 232 Th series. All samples were measured by high resolution gamma spectrometry and the spectra were analyzed with the WinnerGamma software. The 232 Th concentration was determined from the average concentrations of 228 Ac, 212 Pb and 212 Bi and the 226 Ra concentration was determined from the average concentrations of 214 Pb and 214 Bi. Preliminary results show concentrations varying from 9 Bq.kg -1 to 6035 Bq.kg -1 for 232 Th, from 4 Bq.kg -1 to 575 Bq.kg -1 for 226 Ra and from 13 Bq.kg -1 to 142 Bq.kg -1 for 40 K. Areia Preta beach shows the highest values for 232 Th, while the highest value for 226 Ra was observed for Camburi beach. High values of 40 K were observed for Curva da Jurema beach. (author)

  15. 48 CFR 52.232-10 - Payments Under Fixed-Price Architect-Engineer Contracts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... Architect-Engineer Contracts. 52.232-10 Section 52.232-10 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Provisions and Clauses 52.232-10 Payments Under Fixed-Price Architect-Engineer Contracts. As prescribed in 32.111(c)(1), insert the following clause: Payments Under Fixed-Price Architect-Engineer Contracts (APR...

  16. 2017 Solar Eclipse in Hopkinsville, KY: E/PO Feedback from Two Venues

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dowling, Timothy E.; Consolmagno, Guy

    2017-10-01

    Hopkinsville, Kentucky was the largest town in the region of maximum totality for the 21 August 2017 Solar Eclipse, and transformed itself into “Eclipseville” with extensive media attention. Here we give 2 on-the-ground reports on education and public outreach (E/PO) activities from Hopkinsville. One of us (TD) partnered with the Kentucky Division of Emergency Management (KYEM) and was in the Hopkinsville VIP area, and the other (GC) led a series of E/PO events at the Hopkinsville Church of Ss. Peter & Paul, which were nationally advertised in diocesan newspapers. In addition, both of us were interviewed extensively by local and national media before the event. Pre-event planning by KYEM extended for over a year, and culminated in a 6-hour, 12 July 2017 Tabletop Exercise (TTX) run by FEMA. This face-to-face workshop drew over 250 participants, including Kentucky’s Lt. Governor, health and public safety officials at the state-level and from the 21 Kentucky counties in the path of totality, mayors and convention-bureau officials from the affected KY towns, the KY National Guard, the U.S. Depts. of Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, and Transportation, the National Weather Service, the U.S. Coast Guard for riverboat traffic, the U.S. Forest Service, the American Red Cross, representatives from ATT, Verizon and Sprint, and representatives from local universities—it was the largest TTX in Kentucky’s history. Here, we report on E/PO feedback we assembled from the VIP and parochial sites, including the most frequently asked questions, which types of answers seemed to be most effective, and how actual events compared with the large-crowd preparations and planning.

  17. Proton induced fission of {sup 232}Th at intermediate energies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gikal, K. B., E-mail: kgikal@mail.ru; Kozulin, E. M.; Bogachev, A. A. [JINR, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (Russian Federation); Burtebaev, N. T.; Edomskiy, A. V. [Institute of Nuclear Physics of Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Itkis, I. M.; Itkis, M. G.; Knyazhev, G. N. [JINR, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (Russian Federation); Kovalchuk, K. V.; Kvochkina, T. N. [Institute of Nuclear Physics of Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Piasecki, E. [Heavy Ion Laboratory of Warsaw University (Poland); Rubchenya, V. A. [University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics (Finland); Sahiev, S. K. [Institute of Nuclear Physics of Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Trzaska, W. H. [University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics (Finland); Vardaci, E. [INFN Napoli, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche dell’Università di Napoli (Italy)

    2016-12-15

    The mass-energy distributions and cross sections of proton-induced fission of {sup 232}Th have been measured at the proton energies of 7, 10, 13, 20, 40, and 55 MeV. Experiments were carried out at the proton beam of the K-130 cyclotron of the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä and U-150m cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The yields of fission fragments in the mass range A = 60–170 a.m.u. have been measured up to the level of 10−4%. The three humped shape of the mass distribution up has been observed at higher proton energies. The contribution of the symmetric component grows up with increasing proton incident energy; although even at 55 MeV of proton energy the shoulders in the mass energy distribution clearly indicate the asymmetric fission peaks. Evolution of shell structure was observed in the fission fragment mass distributions even at high excitation energy.

  18. Recent Developments in the Chemical Thermodynamics of the Uranium Chalcogenides; Progres Accomplis Recemment dans la Thermodynamique Chimique des Chalcogenures d'Uranium; Poslednie dostizheniya v khimicheskoj termodinamike khal'kogenidov Urana; Recientes Progresos en la Termodinamica Quimica de los Calcogenidos de Uranio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Westrum, Jr., E. F. [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

    1966-02-15

    estado ferromagnetico y contrastan con la anomalia antiferro- magnetica hallada en el mononitruro isoestructural a 52 Degree-Sign K. Los nuevos datos termodinamicos concuerdan satisfactoriamente con los obtenidos mediante el procedimiento de evaluacion de entropia de Gronvold y Westrum. (author) [Russian] Rasprostranenie kriotermicheskih dannyh no U{sub 4}O{sub 9} na bolee vysokie temperatury pokazalo termofizicheskie aspekty (predpolagaemogo) postepennogo strukturnogo prevrashhenija tipa-A. pri temperature 348 Degree-Sign K s sootvetstvujushhim prirashheniem jentropii v razmere 1,84 kalorij/gramm-mol' OK, svjazannogo so smeshheniem vnedrennyh atomov kisloroda. Izmerenija kak teploemkosti, tak i magnitnoj vospriimchivosti na spechennoj dvuokisi urana Mol- linkrodta podtverdili, chto antiferromagnitnyj-paramagnitnyj perehod proishodit pri 30,4 Degree-Sign K so skachkom teploemkosti v 400 kalorij/gramm-mol' Degree-Sign K, a ne pri 28,7 Degree-Sign K s povysheniem teploemkosti na devjat' kalorij/gramm-mol' Degree-Sign K, kak soobshhalos' v literature. Jeto pozvoljaet teper' ob{sup j}asnit' termicheskuju anomaliju, obnaruzhennuju v {beta} -U{sub 3}O{sub 7}. Kriogennye teploemkosti, poluchennye na harakternyh obrazcah {alpha}-, {beta}-, i {gamma} utriokisi urana, podgotovlennyh doktorom E.G.P.Kordfunke iz Niderlandskogo reaktornogo centra, kombinirujutsja s teploemkostjami pri bolee vysokoj temperature, jental'pijami obrazovanija i drugimi termodinamicheskimi dannymi dlja poluchenija dannyh ob otnositel'noj stabil'nosti jetih vazhnyh jadernyh materialov. Obnaruzheno, chto kak monoselenid urana, tak i diselenid urana imejut anomalii tipa ljambda, svjazannye s magnitnym razuporjadocheniem. V diselenide urana jeto proishodit pri 13,1 Degree-Sign K s prirashheniem jentropii v 0,16 kalorij/gramm-mol' Degree-Sign K. Prirashhenie jentropii v monoselenide pri anomalii pri 160 Degree-Sign K sostavljaet velichinu 1,0 kalorij/gramm- mol' Degree-Sign K, chto mozhno sravnit' s velichinoj

  19. Capture and Fission rate of 232-Th, 238-U, 237-Np and 239-Pu from spallation neutrons in a huge block of lead.

    CERN Document Server

    Vlachoudis, Vasilis

    2000-01-01

    The study is centered on the research of the incineration possibility of nuclear waste, by the association of a particle accelerator with a multiplying medium of neutrons, in the project "Energy Amplifier" of C. Rubbia. It consists of the experimental determination of the rates of capture and fission of certain elements (232-Th, 238-U, 237-Np and 239-Pu) subjected to a fluence of fast spallation neutrons. These neutrons are produced by the interaction of high kinetic energy protons (several GeV) provided by the CERN-PS accelerator, on a large lead solid volume. The measurement techniques used in this work, are based on the activation of elements in the lead volume and the subsequent gamma spectroscopy of the activated elements, and also by the detection of fission fragment traces. The development, of a Monte Carlo code makes it possible, on one hand, to better understand the relevant processes, and on the other hand, to validate the code, by comparison with measurements, for the design and the construction of...

  20. Radiochemical determination of 210Po

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clarence, J.

    1961-04-01

    By spontaneous deposition of Po onto silver, and with the use of Po 208 as a tracer, the accurate spectrographic measurements are made possible. Quantitative recovery of Po 210 from radioactive cellulose filters is obtained by burning of samples in a golden lined calorimetric bomb. (author) [fr

  1. Occurrence of ²¹⁰Po and biological effects of low-level exposure: the need for research.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seiler, Ralph L; Wiemels, Joseph L

    2012-09-01

    Polonium-210 (²¹⁰Po) concentrations that exceed 1 Bq/L in drinking-water supplies have been reported from four widely separated U.S. states where exposure to it went unnoticed for decades. The radionuclide grandparents of ²¹⁰Po are common in sediments, and segments of the public may be chronically exposed to low levels of ²¹⁰Po in drinking water or in food products from animals raised in contaminated areas. We summarized information on the environmental behavior, biokinetics, and toxicology of ²¹⁰Po and identified the need for future research. Potential linkages between environmental exposure to ²¹⁰Po and human health effects were identified in a literature review. ²¹⁰Po accumulates in the ovaries where it kills primary oocytes at low doses. Because of its radiosensitivity and tendency to concentrate ²¹⁰Po, the ovary may be the critical organ in determining the lowest injurious dose for ²¹⁰Po. ²¹⁰Po also accumulates in the yolk sac of the embryo and in the fetal and placental tissues. Low-level exposure to ²¹⁰Po may have subtle, long-term biological effects because of its tropism towards reproductive and embryonic and fetal tissues where exposure to a single alpha particle may kill or damage critical cells. ²¹⁰Po is present in cigarettes and maternal smoking has several effects that appear consistent with the toxicology of ²¹⁰Po. Much of the important biological and toxicological research on ²¹⁰Po is more than four decades old. New research is needed to evaluate environmental exposure to ²¹⁰Po and the biological effects of low-dose exposure to it so that public health officials can develop appropriate mitigation measures where necessary.

  2. Osteosinteza pertrohantemih prijeloma u starijih osoba metodom po Enderu

    OpenAIRE

    Antoljak, Tomislav; Turčić, Josip; Davila, Slavko; Livaković, Mirko; Kovač, Tomo

    2000-01-01

    Pertrohantemi prijelomi najčešće pogađaju osobe u starijoj životnoj dobi. Uzrok je većinom pad kod kuće kao posljedica mišićne diskoordinacije, uznapredovale osteoporoze, ateroskleroze i drugih kroničnih bolesti. Operacijsko liječenje ovih prijeloma posve je opravdano pa se u literaturi predlaže niz kirurških metoda stabilizacije. U ovom su radu prikazane indikacije, kontraindikacije i komplikacije za primjenu Enderovih čavala, te standardna tablica za procjenu postoperacijskih rezultata. Pre...

  3. 48 CFR 232.070 - Responsibilities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... DoD contract financing, including DoD contract financing policies and important related procedures... operations. Refer specific cases involving financing policy or important procedural issues to OUSD(AT&L)DPAP... OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING 232.070 Responsibilities. (a) The...

  4. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 232: Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    The Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 232, Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order that was agreed to by the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office; the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; and the U. S. Department of Defense. Corrective Action Unit 232 consists of Corrective Action Site 25-03-01, Sewage Lagoon. Corrective Action Unit 232, Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, received sanitary effluent from four buildings within the Test Cell ''C'' Facility from the mid-1960s through approximately 1996. The Test Cell ''C'' Facility was used to develop nuclear propulsion technology by conducting nuclear test reactor studies. Based on the site history collected to support the Data Quality Objectives process, contaminants of potential concern include volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, herbicides, gamma emitting radionuclides, isotopic plutonium, isotopic uranium, and strontium-90. A detailed conceptual site model is presented in Section 3.0 and Appendix A of this Corrective Action Investigation Plan. The conceptual model serves as the basis for the sampling strategy. Under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, the Corrective Action Investigation Plan will be submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection for approval. Field work will be conducted following approval of the plan. The results of the field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of corrective action alternatives in the Corrective Action Decision Document

  5. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 232: Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    USDOE/NV

    1999-05-01

    The Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 232, Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order that was agreed to by the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office; the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; and the U. S. Department of Defense. Corrective Action Unit 232 consists of Corrective Action Site 25-03-01, Sewage Lagoon. Corrective Action Unit 232, Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, received sanitary effluent from four buildings within the Test Cell ''C'' Facility from the mid-1960s through approximately 1996. The Test Cell ''C'' Facility was used to develop nuclear propulsion technology by conducting nuclear test reactor studies. Based on the site history collected to support the Data Quality Objectives process, contaminants of potential concern include volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, herbicides, gamma emitting radionuclides, isotopic plutonium, isotopic uranium, and strontium-90. A detailed conceptual site model is presented in Section 3.0 and Appendix A of this Corrective Action Investigation Plan. The conceptual model serves as the basis for the sampling strategy. Under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, the Corrective Action Investigation Plan will be submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection for approval. Field work will be conducted following approval of the plan. The results of the field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of corrective action alternatives in the Corrective Action Decision Document.

  6. Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luna-Porres, Mayra Y.; Rodríguez-Villa, Marco A.; Herrera-Peraza, Eduardo F.; Renteria-Villalobos, Marusia; Montero-Cabrera, María E.

    2014-01-01

    Concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn and activity concentrations from 234,238U and 210Po in water, fillet, liver and gills were determined in three stocked fish species from the Luis L. Leon reservoir, located in Northern Mexico. The considered species were Lepomis cyanellus, Cyprinus carpio and Ictalurus furcatus. 238U and 234U activity concentration (AC) in fillet samples showed values of 0.007–0.014 and 0.01–0.02 Bq∙kg−1 wet weight (ww), respectively. Liver samples for L. cyanellus, C. carpio and I. furcatus present 210Po AC of 1.16–3.26, 0.70–1.13 and 0.93–1.37 Bq∙kg−1 ww. Arsenic, mercury and lead concentration intervals in fillet samples were 0.13–0.39, 0.005–0.126 and 0.009–0.08 mg∙kg−1 ww, respectively, while in gill samples they were 0.11–0.43, 0.002–0.039 and 0.02–0.26 mg∙kg−1 ww. The elemental Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) for fish tissues with respect to their concentrations in water was determined. L. cyanellus showed the highest BAF values for As and total U, being BAFAs = 37 and 40 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, respectively, and BAFU total = 1.5 L∙kg−1 in fillet. I. furcatus showed the highest BAF values for Hg and Pb, being BAFHg = 40 and 13 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, and BAFPb = 6.5 and 22 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, respectively. Some metal(loid) concentrations are slightly higher than European regulations for fish fillets. The difference in concentrations of metal(loid)s in fillet among the studied species is probably due to their differences in diet and habitat. PMID:24968208

  7. 210Pb and 210Po Determination in Bottled Water Available on the Croatian Market

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rogic, M.; Rozmaric Macefat, M.; Benedik, Lj.; Strok, M.

    2011-01-01

    An alpha emitting radionuclide 210Po and beta emitting radionuclide 210Pb are decay products of 238U. Due to their nuclear properties they are considered as radionuclides with the highest radiotoxicity and contribute significantly to the internal dose to the population received by drinking water. For radiological impact assessment 210Pb and 210Po must be measured routinely and accurately, with low detection limits. The aim of our study was determination of activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in bottled drinking and mineral waters available on Croatian market. For their determination a procedure for their simultaneous separation from the water samples was used. After addition of 209Po tracer and lead carrier, radionuclides were preconcentrated from large volume by MnO 2 and their separation from interfering elements by Sr resin was done. 210Po source for alpha-particle spectrometric measurement was prepared by selfdeposition on silver disc, while lead was precipitated as lead sulphate and the beta activity of its daughter 210Bi was counted on a beta proportional counter. The results obtained show that values for activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in all examined waters are in accordance with allowed activity concentration according to the European Commission Recommendation 2001/928/Euratom and Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, published by WHO in 2006. (author)

  8. Influence of form factors and multistep effects on the 232Th(d,t) 231Th and 230Th(d,p) 231Th reactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wilcke, W.; Felix, W.; Elze, Th.W.; Huizenga, J.R.; Thompson, R.C.; Dreisler, R.M.

    1977-01-01

    Tables of spectroscopic information are given for the nuclei 233 , 235 , 237 Pa, and 229 , 231 Ac studied in the reactions 234 , 236 , 238 U, and 230 , 232 Th(t,α), including spin, parity, differential cross sections, and spectra. These quantities are discussed and plotted

  9. 42 CFR 455.232 - Medicaid integrity audit program contractor functions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Medicaid integrity audit program contractor functions. 455.232 Section 455.232 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PROGRAM INTEGRITY: MEDICAID Medicaid...

  10. Photofission of 232Th

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arruda Neto, J.D.T.; Rigolon, W.; Herdade, S.B.; Riette, H.L.

    1983-11-01

    The bremsstrahlung-induced fission cross section of 232 Th was measured in the energy region of the Giant Dipole Resonance. The data analysis, performed in terms of the bremsstrahlung spectrum calculated in the Davies-Bethe-Maximon approximation, suggested that the photofission cross section measured at Livermore is correct, and that the (γ,f) data from Saclay are highly questionable. (Author) [pt

  11. 232Th, a rigid rotor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, M.; Pradeep Kumar; Singh, Y.; Varshney, A.K.; Gupta, D.K.

    2014-01-01

    We undertake the present work to treat 232 Th with a soft rotor formula used recently by C. Bihari et. al for γ-band and modified by J.B. Gupta et. al. It describes energy in terms of moment of inertia and softness parameter

  12. Vertical and horizontal distribution of radionuclides (232Th, 238U and 40K) in sediment from Manjung coastal water area Perak, Malaysia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdullah, Anisa; Hamzah, Zaini; Saat, Ahmad; Wood, Ab. Khalik

    2016-01-01

    Distribution of radionuclides from anthropogenic activities has been widely studied in marine coastal area. Due to rapid population growth and socio-economic development in Manjung area such as coal fired power plant, iron foundries, port development, waste discharged from factories and agriculture runoff may contribute to increase in pollution rate. The radioactive materials from anthropogenic activities could deteriorate the quality of the marine ecosystem and thus lead to possible radiological health risk to the population. Radionuclides (232Th, 238U and 40K) content in surface and profile sediment from Manjung coastal area was determined in this study. Radionuclides in sediment from seven locations were collected using sediment core sampling and measurements were carried out using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of radionuclides in surface sediment and distribution trend of depth vertical profile sediment generally varies depending on locations. Enrichment factors (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution index (PI) were applied to determine level of pollution of this study area. The radiological risks related to human exposure were evaluated based on external hazard index (Hex).

  13. Vertical and horizontal distribution of radionuclides (232Th, 238U and 40K) in sediment from Manjung coastal water area Perak, Malaysia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdullah, Anisa; Hamzah, Zaini; Wood, Ab. Khalik; Saat, Ahmad

    2016-01-01

    Distribution of radionuclides from anthropogenic activities has been widely studied in marine coastal area. Due to rapid population growth and socio-economic development in Manjung area such as coal fired power plant, iron foundries, port development, waste discharged from factories and agriculture runoff may contribute to increase in pollution rate. The radioactive materials from anthropogenic activities could deteriorate the quality of the marine ecosystem and thus lead to possible radiological health risk to the population. Radionuclides ( 232 Th, 238 U and 40 K) content in surface and profile sediment from Manjung coastal area was determined in this study. Radionuclides in sediment from seven locations were collected using sediment core sampling and measurements were carried out using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of radionuclides in surface sediment and distribution trend of depth vertical profile sediment generally varies depending on locations. Enrichment factors (EF), geo-accumulation index (I geo ) and pollution index (PI) were applied to determine level of pollution of this study area. The radiological risks related to human exposure were evaluated based on external hazard index (H ex )

  14. 210Pb and 210Po concentrations in the Venice lagoon ecosystem (Italy) and the potential radiological impact to the local public and environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guogang Jia; Belli, M.; Sansone, U.; Rosamilia, S.; Blasi, M.

    2003-01-01

    In order to evaluate the possible radiological impact to the local public and environment from a phosphogypsum stockpile, 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in river water, lagoon water, suspended matter, superficial sediment, algae and bivalves samples collected in Venice lagoon area have been investigated. The results show that the mean 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in river water are 1.42 ± 0.36 mBq x l -1 and 1.46 ± 0.39 mBq x l -1 with a mean 210 Po/ 210 Pb ratio of 0.98 ± 0.17 and about 60% of them are associated with the particulate; 210 Po and 210 Pb contribution from the phosphogypsum stockpile to the river water is negligible. Higher 210 Po (2.61-5.67 mBq x l -1 ) and 210 Pb (1.31-3.62 mBq x l -1 ) concentrations in the lagoon waters have been observed if compared with the literature values. About 60% of 210 Po and 210 Pb are found in the soluble form with a mean 210 Po/ 210 Pb ratio of 1.79 ± 1.47. 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in 28 out 37 sediment samples ranged from 26 to 45 Bq x kg -1 (dry weight), only 9 sediments with 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations greater than 45 Bq x kg -1 are found and most of them are located 1-4 km near the phosphogypsum stockpile. The elevated 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in the sediments may be due to the contamination from the phosphogypsum stockpile. The mean 210 Po/ 210 Pb ratio (0.986 ± 0.049) in the sediments shows that 210 Po and 210 Pb exist in nearly secular equilibrium. 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in algae vary with different species. The mean 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in Gracilaria compress and Ulva laetevirens which show a similar behavior, are 3.18 ± 1.23 Bq x kg -1 and 2.42 ± 1.26 Bq x kg -1 (fresh weight), respectively, with a mean 210 Po/ 210 Pb ratio of 1.45 ± 0.34. The mean concentration factors with respect to the filtered water are 1096 ± 424 for 210 Po and 1299 ± 680 for 210 Pb. The mean 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in the soft part of Mytilus edulis are 23.2 ± 9.7 Bq

  15. Enhanced photo-stability and photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4 via modification with BiPO4 and polypyrrole

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Li; Jiang, Hui; Wang, Luxi

    2017-10-01

    Ag3PO4 photocatalysts modified with BiPO4 and polypyrrole (PPy) were successfully synthesized via a combination of co-precipitation hydrothermal technique and oxidative polymerization method. Their morphologies, structures and optical and electronic properties were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectra (UV-vis DRS), photocurrent technique and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The typical triphenylmethane dye (malachite green) was chosen as a target organic contaminants to estimate the photocatalytic activities and photo-stabilities of Ag3PO4-BiPO4-PPy heterostructures under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the existence of BiPO4 and PPy not only showed great influences on the photocatalytic activity, but also significantly enhanced photo-stability of Ag3PO4 in repeated and long-term applications. The degradation conversion of Ag3PO4-BiPO4-PPy heterostructures (ABP-3) was 1.58 times of that of pure Ag3PO4. The photo-corrosion phenomenon of Ag3PO4 was effectively avoided. The photocatalytic activity of up to 87% in the Ag3PO4-BiPO4-PPy heterostructures (ABP-3) can be remained after five repeated cycles, while only about 33% of the degradation efficiency can be reserved in pure Ag3PO4. The possible mechanism of enhanced photo-stability and photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4-BiPO4-PPy heterostructures was also discussed in this work.

  16. Intake of Po-210 into the body through the damaged skin and efficiency of some methods in preventing its absorption

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ilyin, L.A.; Ivannikov, A.T.; Bazhin, A.G.; Konstantinova, T.P.; Altukhova, G.A.

    1977-01-01

    The metabolic behaviour of 210 Po nitrate arising from contamination of damaged skin (stabbed, cutaneous and muscular wounds and abrasions) of rats and the efficiency of some methods of decontaminating the wounds and stimulating 210 Po removal from the body, have been studied. The decontamination efficiency obtained, by wiping and washing the wound surface with oxatiol, by surgical incision of the wounds, and by parenteral oxatiol injections, are compared. The accumulation of 210 Po in various organs and tissues of rats after the different decontamination routines had been carried out are shown tabulated. (U.K.)

  17. Implantation of alpha spectrometry methodology for the determination of U and Th isotopes in igneous rocks: application to the study of radioactive desequilibrium in the Trindade Island, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Rosana Nunes dos

    2001-01-01

    This work describes the implementation of experimental procedures for alpha spectrometry measurement of 238 U, 234 U and 230 Th activities in silicates. The best experimental conditions were defined using 233 U, 232 U and 229 Th radioactive tracers and simulating the usual conditions found in processing silicates. The chemical procedures consists of the following steps: radioactive tracer addition and sample dissolution by acid digestion, U and Th pre-concentration by co-precipitation, element separation and purification by ion exchange chromatography and electrodeposition in inox steel disks. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, the procedure was applied to the Brazilian geological standards BB-1 (basalt) and GB-1 (granite). The obtained chemical yields for uranium and thorium are of about 60% and 70%, respectively, for both matrices. The described methodology furnishes activity measurements with less than 4% relative precision and accuracies of about 1%, that are essential for petrogenetic applications. The 238 U and 232 Th series disequilibrium conditions were investigated by alpha spectrometry, together with neutron activation analysis and natural gamma-ray spectrometry. 234 U/ 238 U, 238 U/ 232 Th and 230 Th/ 232 Th activity ratios and the 234 Th, 214 Pb, 214 Bi, 235 U, 228 Ac, 212 Pb, 212 Bi and 208 Tl specific activities were obtained. These results were interpreted with the help of additional constraints given by the larger and smaller elements concentrations, measured by X-ray fluorescence. The 232 Th series is in secular radioactive equilibrium in all analysed samples. In the case of the 238 U series, the equilibrium condition was verified, as expected, in the oldest rocks from the Trindade Island (Trindade Complex and Desejado Sequence). On the other hand, the results show that, in the samples from the last three volcanic episodes in the island (Morro Vermelho Formation, Valado Formation and Vulcao do Paredao), the 230 Th and 238 U are not in

  18. Neutronic simulation of a research reactor core of (232Th, 235U)O2 fuel using MCNPX2.6 code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feghhi, Seyed Amir Hossein; Rezazadeh, Marzieh; Kadi, Yacine; ); Tenreiro, Claudio; Aref, Morteza; Gholamzadeh, Zohreh

    2013-01-01

    The small reactor design for the remote and less developed areas of the user countries should have simple features in view of the lack of infra-structure and resources. Many researchers consider long core life with no on-site refuelling activity as a primary feature for the small reactor design. Long core life can be achieved by enhancing internal conversion rate of fertile to fissile materials. For that purpose, thorium cycle can he adopted because a high fissile production rate of 233 U converted from 232 Th can be expected in the thermal energy region. A simple nuclear reactor core arranged 19 assemblies in hexagonal structure, using thorium-based fuel and heavy water as coolant and moderator was simulated using MCNPX2.6 code, aiming an optimized critical assembly. Optimized reflector thickness and gap between assemblies were determined to achieve minimum neutron leakage and void reactivity. The result was a more compact core, where assemblies were designed having 19-fuel pins in 1.25 pitch-to-diameter ratio. Optimum reflector thickness of 15 cm resulted in minimal neutron leakage in view of economic limitations. A 0.5 cm gap between assembles achieved more safety and 2.2 % enrichment requirements. The present feasibility study suggests a thermal core of acceptable neutronic parameters to achieve a simple and safe core. (author)

  19. Differential geochemical behaviour of natural isotopes of U and Th in an aquifer in humid tropical terrain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonotto, D.M.

    1989-01-01

    Uranium and thorium isotopic analyses were performed on spoil samples from the saturated zone of a borehole drilled in the main ore body of a high grade thorium/rare earth ore, and on groundwaters from a borehole drilled in the zone. The deposit is located at Morro do Ferro, a hill near the centre of the Pocos de Caldas Plateau (MG), where an aquifer system developed in the weathered mantle due to in situ intense alteration. For extraction of uranium and thorium a long chemical process was applied to the samples; activities of Th-228 and Th-232 isotopes (4n series) and also of U-238, U-234 and Th-230 isotopes (4n+2 series) were determined by the alpha spectrometry method. U-234/U-238 activity ratios in groundwaters were between 1 and 2 but Th-228/Th-232 activity ratios showed marked isotopic fractionation between these nuclides. The mechanism of mobilization of uranium by complexation with humic substances is considered. U-234/U-238, Th-228/Th-232 and Th-230/U-234 activity ratios in soil samples allowed consider action of other possible mechanisms related to the mobilization of uranium, such as, ion-exchange reaction and adsorption by Fe and Mn oxides. (author) [pt

  20. Převodník Ethernet na RS-232

    OpenAIRE

    Dreiseitel, Jiří

    2012-01-01

    Práce je věnována problematice konstrukce převodníku Ethernet na RS-232 za pomocí jednočipového mikrokontroléru. Cílem je seznámit čtenáře se síťovou technologií Ethernet a technologií pro sériový přenos založený na protokolu RS-232 a zároveň s technologií vestavěných systémů pro konstrukci zařízení. Součástí práce je kompletní návrh převodníku Ethernet na RS-232 včetně návrhu a implementace firmware v jazyce C za využití LwIP TCP/IP stacku. Převodník je postaven na základě vývojového kitu ST...

  1. Wybrane Aspekty Zużywania Się Połączeń Wpustowych I Wielowypustowych W Procesie Eksploatacji

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gębura Andrzej

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wady połączeń wielowypustowych: mimośrodowości, przekoszenia, zwiększonych luzów. Przedstawiono znaczenie tych wad dla poprawności funkcjonowania całego zespołu napędowego. Zaprezentowano swoisty katalog tych wad w formie: wizualnego zużycia, pomiarów mechanicznych płaszczyzn przyporu, opisu matematycznego przebiegów dynamiki ruchu takiego połączenia, zobrazowań dla metod FAM-C i FDM-A. Zaznaczono skutki długotrwałej eksploatacji połączeń wielowypustowych o nadmiernym zużyciu dla bezpieczeństwa latania

  2. 48 CFR 52.232-26 - Prompt payment for fixed-price architect-engineer contracts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ...-price architect-engineer contracts. 52.232-26 Section 52.232-26 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.232-26 Prompt payment for fixed-price architect-engineer contracts...-Engineer Contracts (OCT 2008) Notwithstanding any other payment terms in this contract, the Government will...

  3. 32 CFR 232.7 - Preemption.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... TERMS OF CONSUMER CREDIT EXTENDED TO SERVICE MEMBERS AND DEPENDENTS § 232.7 Preemption. (a) Inconsistent..., including any State usury law, to the extent such law, rule or regulation is inconsistent with this part...) Different treatment under State law of covered borrowers is prohibited. States may not: (1) Authorize...

  4. Natural-series radionuclides in traditional North Australian aboriginal foods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murray, A.S.; Johnston, A.; Hancock, G.J.; Martin, P.

    1997-01-01

    Activity concentrations of the radionuclides 226 Ra, 210 Pb, 210 Po, 238 U, 234 U, 230 Th, 232 Th and 227 Ac were measured in edible flesh of traditional Aboriginal food items from the Magela and Cooper Creek systems in the tropical Northern Territory of Australia. Fish, buffalo, pig, magpie goose, filesnake, goanna, turtle, freshwater shrimp and freshwater crocodile were studied. Activity concentrations in water were also measured to enable the calculation of concentration ratios (CRs).For most edible flesh samples, activity concentrations followed the approximate order: 210 Po>> 226210 [ 234 Usimilar 238 [ 230 Thsimilar 232 Th]. The 210 Po/ 210 Pb activity ratio was particularly high (greater than 100) for pig flesh. CRs for fish species fall into two groups. Group 1 (bony bream and sleepy cod) had CRs about five times higher than for group 2 (eight other species). CRs for turtle flesh were similar to those for fish in group 1, while those for turtle liver were about a factor of 10 higher. CRs for magpie goose, filesnake, freshwater shrimp, goanna and crocodile flesh were also of the same order as for fish in groups 1 or 2.Calculations of dose resulting from release of wastewaters from uranium mining operations in the region show that the dominant pathway would be uptake of radionuclides, especially 226 Ra, by freshwater mussels, followed by radionuclide uptake by fish. (Copyright (c) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

  5. A study on possible use of Urtica dioica (common nettle) plant as polonium (210)Po and lead (210)Pb contamination biomonitor in the area of phosphogypsum stockpile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olszewski, Grzegorz; Boryło, Alicja; Skwarzec, Bogdan

    2016-04-01

    The aim of this study was to test a possible use of Urtica dioica (common nettle) plant as a biomonitor of polonium (210)Po and lead (210)Pb contamination near phosphogypsum stacks by determining concentrations of these radionuclides in samples collected from the area of phosphogypsum stockpile in Wiślinka (northern Poland). The (210)Po and (210)Pb contents in roots depended on their concentrations in soils. Bioconcentration factor values from soil to root of the plant did not depend on (210)Po and (210)Pb contents in soils that leads to the conclusion that different polonium and lead species have different affinities to U. dioica plants. The main sources of both analyzed radionuclides in green parts of plants are wet and dry air deposition and transportation from soil. The values of (210)Po/(210)Pb activity ratio indicate natural origin of these radioisotopes in analyzed plants. (210)Po and (210)Pb concentration in U. dioica roots is negatively weakly correlated with distance from phosphogypsum stockpile.

  6. Administrative Co-ordination of Fissile Material Management and Accounting in the U.K.A.E.A; Coordination Administrative de la Gestion et de la Comptabilite des Matieres Fissiles dans les Etabussements de l'Autorite de l'Energie Atomique du Royaume-Uni; Administrativnaya koordinatsiya kontrolya i ucheta delyashchikhsya materialov v upravlenii po atomnoj ehnergii soedinennogo korolevstva; Coordinacion Administrativa de la Gestion y la Contabilidad de Materiales Fisionables en la Comision de Energia Atomica del Reino Unido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hood, St. C.C. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, London (United Kingdom)

    1966-02-15

    , recuperacion de desechos, importacion - y todas las cantidades empleadas, incluidos los materiales agotados, las perdidas y las exportaciones; b) recomiendan la mejor manera de asignar cantidades determinadas de materiales para fines aprobados, teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de las necesidades, el volumen de las existencias y los aspectos economicos de la operacion; c) registran y controlan todas las asignaciones aprobadas; en relacion con los criterios y los objectivos establecidos, verifican la naturaleza de los materiales que se estan utilizando, sus cantidades, y los fines a que se les destina; d) registran y estudian todas las perdidas de material fisionable que se producen durante los procesos de elaboracion y tratamiento, asf como las medidas adoptadas para evitar dichas perdidas; e) contribuyen a establecer procedimientos y a crear incentivos para lograr que los materiales se empleen con economia y se devuelvan con rapidez. (author) [Russian] Kak postavshhik deljashhihsja materialov Upravlenie po atomnoj jenergii zanimaetsja ih proizvodstvom, raspredeleniem i pererabotkoj. Upravleniju, kak potrebitelju, deljashhiesja materialy nuzhny dlja ispol'zovanija v kachestve topliva v opytnyh jenergeticheskih reaktorah razlichnyh tipov, reaktorah dlja ispytanija materialov, issledovatel'skih reaktorah nulevoj moshhnosti, v rabotah po sozdaniju novyh tipov teplovydeljajushhih jelementov, a takzhe dlja provedenija laboratornyh jeksperimentov i issledovanij. Ispolnitel'nye funkcii po jetim vidam dejatel'nosti vozlozheny na chetyre strukturnyh podrazdelenija upravlenija (gruppy). Bylo najdeno poleznym derzhat' jeti vidy dejatel'nosti pod nabljudeniem special'nyh mezhgruppovyh komitetov s obshhim sekretariatom. Jeti komitety: a) zanimajutsja izucheniem vseh proektov ili predlozhenij otnositel'no rabot, svjazannyh so znachitel'nymi kolichestvami deljashhihsja materialov (plutonija i obogashhennogo urana pomimo prirodnogo urana ili obednennogo urana) v svete ozhidaemyh postavok za

  7. Mechanical and thermal-expansion characteristics of Ca10(PO46(OH2-Ca3(PO42 composites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruseska G.

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Three types of composites consisting of Ca10(PO46(OH2 and Ca3(PO42 with composition: 75% (wt Ca10(PO46(OH2: 25%(wt Ca3(PO42; 50%(wt Ca10(PO46(OH2: 50%(wtCa3(PO42 and 25 %(wt Ca10(PO46(OH2: 75%(wt Ca3(PO42 were the subject of our investigation. Sintered compacts were in thermal equilibrium, which was proved by the absence of hysteresis effect of the dependence ΔL/L=f(T during heating /cooling in the temperature interval 20-1000-200C. Sintered compacts with the previously mentioned composition possess 26-50% higher values of the E-modulus, G-modulus and K-modulus indicating the presence of a synergism effect. Several proposed model equations for predicting the thermal expansion coefficient in dependence of the thermal and elastic properties of the constitutive phases and their volume fractions, given by: Turner, Kerner, Tummala and Friedberg, Thomas and Taya, were used for making correlations between mechanical and thermal-expansion characteristics of the Ca10(PO46(OH2 - Ca3(PO42 composites. Application of the previously mentioned model equations to all kinds of composites leads to the conclusion that the experimentally obtained results for the thermal expansion coefficient are in an excellent agreement with the theoretical calculated values on account of the volume fraction of each constitutive phase and with all applied model equations, with a coefficient of correlation from 98.16-99.86 %.

  8. In vitro cell culture pO2 is significantly different from incubator pO2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bambrick, L L; Kostov, Y; Rao, G

    2011-07-01

    Continuous noninvasive monitoring of peri-cellular liquid phase pO2 in adherent cultures is described. For neurons and astrocytes, this approach demonstrates that there is a significant difference between predicted and observed liquid phase pO2. Particularly at low gas phase pO2s, cell metabolism shifts liquid phase pO2 significantly lower than would be predicted from the O2 gas/air equilibrium coefficient, indicating that the cellular oxygen uptake rate exceeds the oxygen diffusion rate. The results demonstrate the need for direct pO2 measurements at the peri-cellular level, and question the widely adopted current practice of relying on setting the incubator gas phase level as means of controlling pericellular oxygen tension, particularly in static culture systems that are oxygen mass transfer limited. Copyright © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).

  9. Luminescent properties of LuPO4-Pr and LuPO4-Eu nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vistovskyy, V.; Malyi, T.; Vas’kiv, A.; Chylii, M.; Mitina, N.; Zaichenko, A.; Gektin, A.; Voloshinovskii, A.

    2016-01-01

    Spectral-luminescence parameters of LuPO 4 -Eu and LuPO 4 -Pr nanoparticles of different sizes are studied upon excitation by the synchrotron radiation with photon energies 4–40 eV. Influence of the nanoparticle size on Eu 3+ and Pr 3+ impurity luminescence is analyzed for intracenter and recombination excitation. It is shown that the luminescence intensity of impurities in the case of recombination excitation significantly stronger decreases with decreasing of nanoparticle size compared to intracenter excitation. This feature is explained by the influence of thermalization length to nanoparticle size ratio on the recombination luminescence. Electron recombination luminescence inherent for LuPO 4 -Eu nanoparticles shows a weaker dependence on the nanoparticle size than the hole one in LuPO 4 -Pr nanoparticles. The difference between energy states of praseodymium impurity ions in nanoparticles of different sizes is revealed.

  10. Postępowanie z chorym po zawale serca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kalina Niedolaz

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Choroba wieńcowa, czyli choroba niedokrwienna serca na podłożu miażdżycy tętnic wieńcowych, stanowi niezwykle istotny problem kliniczny. Jej bezpośrednim i często nieuchronnym następstwem jest zawał mięśnia serca. Zawał najczęściej jest spowodowany zamknięciem tętnicy wieńcowej w wyniku uszkodzenia blaszki miażdżycowej (jej pęknięcia lub erozji z następowym wytworzeniem dystalnego zakrzepu i powoduje zniszczenie prawidłowo działającego mięśnia sercowego. Chory po przebytym zawale mię- śnia serca należy do grupy pacjentów obciążonych wysokim ryzykiem sercowo-naczyniowym, a więc zagrożony jest wystąpieniem kolejnych incydentów, takich jak zawał, udar mózgu i zgon. Prawidłowe postępowanie po przebytym zawale pozwala na istotną redukcję ryzyka i korzystnie wpływa na rokowanie. Prewencja wtórna po zawale serca obejmuje postępowanie niefarmakologiczne, czyli modyfikację stylu życia, i leczenie farmakologiczne. Największe znaczenie ma wyeliminowanie czynników ryzyka, tj. zaprzestanie palenia papierosów, prawidłowa kontrola ciśnienia tętniczego i normalizacja poziomu cholesterolu, a także redukcja nadwagi i systematyczna aktywność fizyczna. Świadomość pacjentów i zaangażowanie lekarzy są decydujące dla osiągnięcia korzystnych efektów prewencji wtórnej po zawale serca. Artykuł przedstawia zasady, którym powinien podlegać każdy chory po zawale mięśnia serca, uwzględnia zalecenia dotyczące postępowania niefarmakologicznego, wytyczne dotyczące odpowiedniej farmakoterapii według aktualnych standardów. W pracy uwzględniono również zasady postępowania z chorym po zawale w sytuacjach szczególnych, jakimi są choroby współistniejące, takie jak nadciśnienie tętnicze, cukrzyca, dysfunkcja lewej komory i niewydolność serca, przewlekła choroba nerek, przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc.

  11. Calibration of uranium 232 solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galan, M.P.; Acena, M.L.

    1988-01-01

    A method for acertainning the activity by alpha spectroscopy with semiconductor detectors, of a solution of Uranium-232 is presented. It consists of the comparison with a Uranium-233 solution activity previously measured in a gridded ionization chamber of 2 π geometry. The total measurement uncertainty is about +- 0,02. (Author)

  12. Kinetics of neutralization of Po-218

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chu, K.D.

    1987-01-01

    In a well-defined experimental system the neutralization of polonium-218 ions was investigated as a function of the physical and chemical properties of the controlled composition atmosphere. The mobilities of Po + and PoO 2 + are determined by combining experimental results with a computer model of the system. Three neutralization mechanisms were individually studied. The small ion recombination rate has been found to be proportional to the square root of radon concentration. The electron scavenging mechanism is responsible for the neutralization of Po + in NO 2 or H 2 O in nitrogen. When PoO 2 + is formed, the electron transfer mechanism dominates the neutralization process. The electron is transferred to PoO 2 + from molecules with lower ionization potentials. The ionization potential of PoO 2 + is also determined to be 10.44 +/- 0.05 eV

  13. Fission Evaluation on Th-232

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Yong-Deok; Lee, Young-Ouk; Park, Joo-Hwan

    2007-01-01

    In recent years, several studies of neutron induced reaction on thorium were carried out in the framework of an IAEA coordinate research project involving a US contribution. The importance of Th-232 is for an innovative fuel cycle concept based on thorium fuel. Thorium fuels are also considered in accelerator driven system (ADS) to produce the power and radioactive waste transmutation. Therefore, the accurate neutron cross section for fission is crucially important for the design of various reactor systems. On December 2006, the ENDF/B-VII involving the new evaluation of actinides for Th-U fuel cycle was released. From the current environmental change, increasing oil price, air pollution by carbon dioxide, drain of oil resource, increasing demand of electricity, and energy independence, nuclear power is slowly to start to be reconsidered recently and it might be an alternative proposal as a production facility of energy and a reuse of resources. Even though it produces the nuclear wastes, it has an advantage in the emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, new concept of nuclear technology to be developed for power production is subject to the condition of increased safety, reduction of nuclear wastes, resistance to nuclear material proliferation, Thorium fuel cycle is the most feasible option to satisfy the condition. Specially, thorium reserves are much larger than those of uranium

  14. Crystal structure of polyphosphates NaCd(PO3)3 and NaMn(PO3)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murashova, E.V.; Chudinova, N.N.

    1997-01-01

    Crystal structure of NaCd(PO 3 ) 3 (1) and NaMn(PO 3 ) 3 (2) isostructural polyphosphates was determined for twin samples. Rhombic lattice parameters of (1): a = 14.678, b = 14.669, c = 14.705 A, sp. gr. P2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z = 16. The structure of compounds is of frame type. Polyphosphate chain with repetition period of 24 PO 4 tetrahedrons contacts with NaO 6 and M 2 O 6 octahedrons by means of common oxygen vertices. Similarities and differences in structure of mentioned polyphosphates and earlier analyzed NaMg(PO 3 ) 3 polyphosphate are noted [ru

  15. Neutralization of Na2PO4: Reaction between Na3PO4 and CaCL2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xia Shenglan; Wang Luning

    1990-01-01

    The results of reaction Na 3 PO 4 with CaCl 2 in water at ambient and higher temperature are described. The reaction rate of Na 3 PO 4 with CaCl 2 is slow at ambient temperature and the reaction is complete at 260 deg C after 2 h. The products are Ca(OH) 2 and Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH). The quantity of them is dependent upon the quanity of Na 3 PO 4 and CaCl 2 contained in water, all of them control pH of water

  16. Radioactivity measurements at blast-furnace company Hoogovens IJmuiden (Netherlands)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weers, A.W. van; Voors, P.I.; Groothuis, R.E.J.

    1991-07-01

    This report presents a summary measurement of Pb-210, Po-210 emissions in Dutch aquatic and air systems. An investigation was carried out by ECN on assignment of the Hoogovens Groep company in IJmuiden (Netherlands). Natural radionuclides in soils and production, dissolved in water and air were investigated. These samples were prepared by Hoogovens Groep company between March and October 1990. Gamma-spectroscopic measurement was carried out from the decay chains of U-238, Th-232 and K-40. Meanwhile, radiochemistry method was used to determine Po-210 and Pb-210. Detailed data were given in the appendix. (author). 3 refs.; 3 figs.; 92 tabs

  17. 238U-series radionuclides in Finnish groundwater-based drinking water and effective doses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vesterbacka, P.

    2005-09-01

    The thesis deals with the occurrence of 238 U-series radionuclides and particle-bound 210 Pb and 210 Po in Finnish groundwater-based drinking water, methods used for removing 234 U, 238 U, 210 Pb and 210 Po, and the annual effective doses caused by 238 U-series radionuclides in drinking water. In order to reduce radiation exposure and avoid high doses, it is important to examine the activity levels of natural radionuclides in groundwater. In this work, the activity concentrations of radon ( 222 Rn), radium ( 226 Ra), uranium ( 238 U and 234 U), lead ( 210 Pb) and polonium ( 210 Po) were determined from 472 private wells, which were selected randomly from across Finland. On the basis of the results, the activity concentrations in groundwater and the radiation exposure from drinking water of people living outside the public water supply in Finland was specified. The efficiency of 238 U, 234 U, 210 Pb and 210 Po removal from drinking water was examined at ten private homes. In order to obtain accurate results and correct estimates of effective doses, attention was paid to the sampling of 222 Rn and 210 Pb, and the determination of 210 Pb. The results revealed that the median activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were as much as ten times higher in drilled wells than in wells dug in soil. The average activity concentration of 222 Rn in drilled wells was 460 Bq/l and in dug wells 50 Bq/l. The highest activity concentrations were found in Southern Finland. In addition, occasional high activity concentrations were found all over Finland. The average activity concentrations of 234 U and 238 U in drilled wells were 0.35 and 0.26 Bq/l and in dug wells 0.020 and 0.015 Bq/l, respectively. The spatial distribution of 234 U, 238 U, 210 Pb and 210 Po was essentially similar to that of 222 Rn. In contrast to other natural radionuclides, the highest 226 Ra activity concentrations were found in coastal areas, since drilled well water near the sea has a higher salinity

  18. pO2 measurements in arteriolar networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Torres Filho, I P; Kerger, H; Intaglietta, M

    1996-03-01

    Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the average arteriolar pO2 in the hamster skinfold preparation is lower than arterial systemic pO2. In the present work we tested the hypothesis that there is a longitudinal gradient of pO2 along precapillary vessels. Experiments were performed in Syrian golden hamsters bearing a dorsal skin chamber. The oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence of palladium-porphyrin complexes was used to measure intravascular pO2 in the microcirculation. Arterioles were classified in four orders according to their position in the network, first-order vessels being the entrance points. Simultaneous determinations of diameter (D), red blood cell velocity, and systemic blood gases were also made. There was a significant fall of pO2 between vessels of different orders. First-order arterioles (mean D = 64 microns) had pO2 of 51.8 +/- 9.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) which was equivalent to approximately equal to 73% of the arterial systemic pO2. Within the arteriolar network, further decreases of intravascular pO2 were measured, leading to a pO2 of 34.0 +/- 7.9 mm Hg in terminal arterioles (mean D = 7.7 microns). In some vessels pO2 was measured in different positions of the same arteriole. The average longitudinal arteriolar oxygen saturation gradient was 3.4 +/- 0.4 delta %/mm (range 0.8-7.2). A significant and positive correlation was found between pO2 and microhemodynamic parameters when arterioles were grouped according to their order. This relation was not significant for venules which showed a mean pO2 of 30.8 +/- 10.8 mm Hg. Tissue pO2 averaged 24.6 +/- 5.8 mm Hg. We conclude that: (1) There is an oxygen loss in arterial vessels larger than 100 micrograms in diameter, (2) arteriolar pO2 in this preparation depends on the position of the vessel within the network, (3) a substantial portion of oxygen delivery to the hamster skin is provided by the arteriolar network, and (4) only a small pO2 gradient exists between terminal

  19. The natural radioactivity in Guarani aquifer groundwater, Brazil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bonotto, D.M. [Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A No. 1515, C.P. 178, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo (Brazil)], E-mail: danielbonotto@yahoo.com.br; Bueno, T.O. [Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A No. 1515, C.P. 178, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

    2008-10-15

    The measurements of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in groundwater samples from Guarani aquifer in Brazil are reported in this paper together with the activity concentration of the natural dissolved radionuclides {sup 40}K, {sup 238}U, {sup 234}U, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 222}Rn, {sup 210}Po, {sup 210}Pb, {sup 232}Th, {sup 228Th}, and {sup 228}Ra. Most of the gross alpha radioactivity values were below the critical level of detection corresponding to 1 mBq/L, however, the whole data set for the gross beta radioactivity and radionuclides {sup 40}K, {sup 238}U, {sup 234}U, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 222}Rn, {sup 210}Po, {sup 210}Pb, and {sup 228}Ra was submitted to a statistical treatment, considering class intervals arranged in geometric progression, because of the great variability of the activity. The analysis indicated lognormal distribution of the data, as usually observed in samples taken from the natural context. An inverse relationship between the gross alpha and gross beta activity has been identified and is related to an increase in the K content in the water. The mobility coefficient has been estimated for {sup 238}U, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 232}Th and {sup 228}Ra in Guarani aquifer and the results indicated that the radioelement solubility in the studied system varies according to the following order: radium>uranium>thorium. The implications of the data obtained in terms of standards established for defining the drinking water quality have also been discussed.

  20. Počítačová hra s prvky umělé inteligence

    OpenAIRE

    Serédi, Silvester

    2010-01-01

    Bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou umělé inteligence v počítačové hře. V práci je uveden návrh dvourozměrné počítačové hry pro dva hráče, kde jednoho z nich může řídit počítač. Hlavní úlohou bylo vytvoření hry s jednoduchým uživatelským rozhraním, se zaměřením na umělou inteligenci soupeře. This Bachelor's thesis is focused on artificial intelligence in computer games. It introduces the design of a two-dimensional computer game for two players of which one can be computer-controlled....

  1. Rhenium(V) and technetium(V) complexes of bis(o-hydroxyphenyl)phenylphosphine (PO22-) and (o-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine (PO-) ligands

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luo, Hongyan; Setyawati, Ika; Rettig, S.J.; Orvig, C.

    1995-01-01

    The synthesis of several phosphine-based chelating compounds and chelates formed between these compounds and rhenium or technetium is discussed. Four categories of products result, (i) bis-(o-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylphosphine (PO) complexes, (ii) mono- (PO) complexes, (iii) bis-bis(o-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylphosphine (PO 2 ) complexes, and mixed-(PO) and (PO 2 ) complexes. Molecular structures of these compounds (including isomers) were probed by NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopies and by X-ray crystallography

  2. Concentration of 210Po in local foodstuffs grown nearby High Background Areas (HBRA)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kamesh Viswanathan, B.; Arunachalam, Kantha D.; Sathesh Kumar, A.; Jayakrishna, K.; Rao, D.D.

    2012-01-01

    210 Po is the decay product of natural radionuclide of 238 U series. The presence of a radionuclide migrates from soil > plant > food and ingested by the humans residing in the areas of syentite rocks nearby the High Background Radiation Area's (HBRA). The food samples were studied by Market Basket Study (MBS). The average concentration of 210 Po in foodstuffs like green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, roots and tubers; fruits, fish, other flesh foods, milk and cereals were 1671 ± 163.3, 28.2 ± 7.3, 320 ± 99, 53 ± 17.5, 251.5 ± 54.5, 37 ± 14.5, 16 ± 6 and 230 ± 75 mBq. Kg -1 fresh weight. (author)

  3. Digitalni otisak u fiksnoprotetskoj terapiji

    OpenAIRE

    Cvitković, Alen

    2016-01-01

    Otisak u fiksnoprotetskoj terapiji najvažnije je sredstvo komunikacije između kliničara i laboratorijskog tehničara. Budući da se otisak nalazi na početku "proizvodnog lanca", eventualne greške odrazit će se na sve naredne korake u izradi protetskog rada i na njegovu konačnu preciznost. Zbog toga se nastavlja potraga za boljim materijalima i tehnologijama koji će pogreške svesti na najmanju moguću mjeru. Suvremene digitalne metode razvijene su kako bi ubrzale i pojedno...

  4. Repeated assessment of orthotopic glioma pO2 by multi-site EPR oximetry: A technique with the potential to guide therapeutic optimization by repeated measurements of oxygen

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, Nadeem; Mupparaju, Sriram; Hou, Huagang; Williams, Benjamin B.; Swartz, Harold

    2011-01-01

    Tumor hypoxia plays a vital role in therapeutic resistance. Consequently, measurements of tumor pO2 could be used to optimize the outcome of oxygen-dependent therapies, such as, chemoradiation. However, the potential optimizations are restricted by the lack of methods to repeatedly and quantitatively assess tumor pO2 during therapies, particularly in gliomas. We describe the procedures for repeated measurements of orthotopic glioma pO2 by multi-site electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. This oximetry approach provides simultaneous measurements of pO2 at more than one site in the glioma and contralateral cerebral tissue. The pO2 of intracerebral 9L, C6, F98 and U251 tumors, as well as contralateral brain, were measured repeatedly for five consecutive days. The 9L glioma was well oxygenated with pO2 of 27 - 36 mm Hg, while C6, F98 and U251 glioma were hypoxic with pO2 of 7 - 12 mm Hg. The potential of multi-site EPR oximetry to assess temporal changes in tissue pO2 was investigated in rats breathing 100% O2. A significant increase in F98 tumor and contralateral brain pO2 was observed on day 1 and day 2, however, glioma oxygenation declined on subsequent days. In conclusion, EPR oximetry provides the capability to repeatedly assess temporal changes in orthotopic glioma pO2. This information could be used to test and optimize the methods being developed to modulate tumor hypoxia. Furthermore, EPR oximetry could be potentially used to enhance the outcome of chemoradiation by scheduling treatments at times of increase in glioma pO2. PMID:22079559

  5. A simulation study on the topotactic transformations from aluminophosphate AlPO(4)-21 to AlPO(4)-25.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, J; Yu, J; Wang, K; Zhu, G; Xu, R

    2001-11-05

    Aluminophosphate AlPO(4)-21 (AWO), formulated /(CH(3))(2)NH(2)/[Al(3)P(3)O(12)(OH)], has been synthesized solvothermally by using dimethylamine as the template. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that AlPO(4)-21 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 8.687(2) A, b = 17.428(5) A, c = 9.159(2) A, beta = 109.60(2) degrees, V = 1306.3(5) A(3), and Z = 4. XRD analysis shows that AlPO(4)-21 transforms to AlPO(4)-25 (ATV) upon calcination at 500 degrees C. The molecular dynamics simulation approach was used to investigate the topotactic transformations from AlPO(4)-21. The simulation study suggests that AlPO(4)-21 is energetically favored to transform to AlPO(4)-25, as well as other hypothetical forms, by the changing of the UUDD chains to the UDUD chains.

  6. Po2 temperature blood factor for blood gas apparatus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Teisseire, B P; Hérigault, R A; Teisseire, L J; Laurent, D N

    1984-01-01

    PO2 temperature formulae supplied by manufacturers on automatic blood gas apparatus, PO2 corr. = PO2 37 degrees C X 10F X delta T were studied and compared to the experimental determination of the delta log PO2/delta T ratio (Hérigault et al. [10]). Acid-base status at 37 degrees C appeared to have a measurable influence on the PO2 temperature factor; alkalosis increased the delta log PO2/delta T ratio, and the contrary was found for acidosis in comparison with normal acid-base status at 37 degrees C. For the same PO2, measured at 37 degrees C, all the proposed formulae of commercial blood gas automatic apparatus did not give the same temperature corrected PO2. The observed difference between the corrected PO2 may be important and greater than the precision of the initial measurement. To correct the measured PO2 for temperature, a relationship between delta log PO2/delta T and PO2 is proposed, between PO2 zero and PO2 180 mmHg, which takes into account measured pH and PO2 values at 37 degrees C:delta log PO2/delta T = [(-0.35 pH + 0.658) X 10(-4) X PO2] + 0.035.

  7. Superacid univalent metal phosphites (MH2PO3)2·H3PO3 (M Rb, Tl+) and MH2PO3·H3PO3 (M = K, Cs): synthesis and structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kosterina, E.V.; Troyanov, S.I.; Aslanov, L.A.; Kemnits, Eh.

    2001-01-01

    Crystal superacid phosphites α-CsH 2 PO 3 ·H 3 PO 3 (1) and β-CsH 2 PO 3 ·H 3 PO 3 (2) were prepared by means of interaction between cesium carbonate and phosphoric acid excess. The structure of the compounds, i.e.: 1-rhombic crystal system, sp.gr. P2 1 2 1 2 1 , a = 6.033 (1), b = 6.444 (1), c = 18.345 (4) A: 2-monoclinic crystal system, sp.gr. C2/c, a = 9.990 (3), b = 12.197 (4), c = 6.866 (2) A, β = 118.14 (3) deg, was determined by the method of X-ray diffraction analysis of monocrystals at 150 K. Comparative analysis of the crystal structure and hydrogen bond systems in acid phosphites of different composition was conducted [ru

  8. Synthesis and crystal structure of hydrogen phosphites RbH2PO3, CsH2PO3, and TlH2PO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kosterina, E.V.; Troyanov, S.I.; Kemnits, Eh.; Aslanov, L.A.

    2001-01-01

    The crystal acid phosphites RbH 2 PO 3 , CsH 2 PO 3 and TlH 2 PO 3 were separated during reaction of Rb, Cs and Tl carbonates with phosphorous acid solution. The crystal structure of the compounds was analyzed by X-ray diffraction method at 150 K. CsH 2 PO 3 has a monoclinic system, a = 7.930(2), b = 8.929(2), c = 13.163(3) A, β = 104.84(3) Deg, V = 900.9(4) A 3 , Z 8, sp. gr. P2 1 /c, R 1 = 0.239. In the structure hydrogen bonds integrate the PHO 3 tetrahedrons in the unlimited zigzag chains [HPHO 3 ] n n- laying at the layers, which are alternate to the layers of metal cations. The layers of anion chains have a wavy form [ru

  9. Razvoj bioetike u Hrvatskoj

    OpenAIRE

    Tomašević, Luka

    2013-01-01

    Bioetika je postala tema koju svakodnevno susrećemo, tema o kojoj je potrebno znati barem osnovne pojmove, jer se danas u svijetu o njoj možda i najviše raspravlja. O njoj raspravljaju osobe svih znanstvenih i neznanstvenih profila, o njoj se govori s religioznoga, kulturalnoga, filozofskoga, pravnoga, sociološkoga, pa čak i političkog stajališta. Hrvatska je po bioetici već poznata diljem svijeta. Uz nekolicinu začetnika, u raznim sredinama, bioetika se u Hrvatskoj proširila kroz teološko-ka...

  10. 24 CFR 232.625 - Discrimination prohibited.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Special Requirements § 232.625 Discrimination prohibited. Any contract or...

  11. Po-210 excretion and radon exposure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Breuer, F.; Clemente, G.F.

    1979-01-01

    A mathematical model is given to describe the metabolism of the 210 Po introduced into the systemic compartiments of the human body. The model has been based on the experimental data referred to the 210 Pb- 210 Po intake, excretion and body burden of members of the general italian population. The model fits also very well the experimental data of 210 Pb- 210 Po intake and excretion reported by other authors. The retention function of 210 Po in total body, soft tissue and bone has been evaluated together with the urinary excretion function and the absorbed fraction by ingestion. The model is very valuable to evaluate the lung exposure to Radon decay products on the basis of the 210 Pb- 210 Po urinary excretions

  12. Dissolution behaviour of 238U, 234U and 230Th deposited on filters from personal dosemeters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Beckova, V.; Malatova, I.

    2008-01-01

    Kinetics of dissolution of 238 U, 234 U and 230 Th dust deposited on filters from personal alpha dosemeters was studied by means of a 26-d in vitro dissolution test with a serum ultra-filtrate simulant. Dosemeters had been used by miners at the uranium mine 'Dolni Rozinka' at Rozna, Czech Republic. The sampling flow-rate as declared by the producer is 4 l h -1 and the sampling period is typically 1 month. Studied filters contained 125 ± 6 mBq 238 U in equilibrium with 234 U and 230 Th; no 232 Th series nuclides were found. Half-time of rapid dissolution of 1.4 d for 238 U and 234 U and slow dissolution half-times of 173 and 116 d were found for 238 U and 234 U, respectively. No detectable dissolution of 230 Th was found. (authors)

  13. Search for cluster decay of 230U

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang Weifan; Pan Qiangyan; Ma Taotao; Yuan Shuanggui; Guo Junsheng; Kong Dengming; Qiao Jimin; Luo Zihua; Zhang Motian; Wang Shuhong

    2002-01-01

    230 Pa can be produced via the 232 Th(p, 3n) reaction by 35 MeV proton bombardment of natural thorium. Pa is separated radiochemically and six thin sources of 230 Pa→(β) 230 U are prepared. The γ spectrum of Pa sources are measured by a HPGe detector. Using PETP track-recording films, the rare 22 Ne decay mode of 230 U is discovered for the first time. The branching ratio (B) relative to α decay is Bλ Ne /λ α = (1.3 +- 0.8) x 10 -14 for 230 U

  14. Studies of {sup 194,195,197}Po

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carpenter, M.P.; Ahmad, I.; Crowell, B. [and others

    1995-08-01

    The energy systematics of low-lying polonium states show sudden changes near N = 114. The observed drops in the low-lying levels of {sup 196,198}Po relative to the heavier isotopes indicate significant changes in the underlying structure of these nuclei. It is thought that this change is due to the onset of vibrational collectivity brought about by the quadrupole interaction between neutron and proton-pairs. In order to extend the Po systematics even further, we measured, for the first time, states in {sup 194,195,197}Po using the {sup 28}Si + {sup 170}Yb reaction at a beam energy of 142 MeV. The beam was supplied by ATLAS, and the data were taken with 10 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors placed at the target position of the Fragment Mass Analyzer. Preliminary level schemes were constructed for {sup 194,195,197}Po based on {gamma}-{gamma} and {gamma}-FMA coincidences. The results for {sup 194}Po show that the 2{sup +} - 0{sup +} transition energy decreased in energy by 140 keV relative to {sup 196}Po suggesting that this nucleus moved beyond the vibrational limit to more collective motion. An extrapolation of the systematics predicts that the 2{sup +} energy could drop another 140 keV between {sup 194}Po and {sup 192}Po which would indicate the onset of rotational motion. Currently, we have an approved experiment to investigate the decay of yrast isomers in {sup 194}Po which will allow us to (1) confirm our earlier level scheme of {sup 194}Po, and (2) assess the experimental conditions needed for a future study of {sup 192}Po.

  15. Optimalizace platformy pro distribuované výpočty Hadoop

    OpenAIRE

    Čecho, Jaroslav

    2012-01-01

    Tato diplomová práce se zabývá možnostmi optimalizace frameworku Hadoop za pomocí platformy CUDA. Apache Hadoop je frameworku umožnující analýzu obrovských objemů dat. Obsahuje distribuovaný souborový systém a implementaci programovacího paradigmatu mapreduce s jehož pomocí se poté píší uživatelské aplikace. Platforma CUDA firmy NVIDIA umožnuje využít výkon grafické karty počítače i k jiným účelům než je generování grafického výstupu na zobrazovací zařízení počítače. Má prace obsahuje seznam ...

  16. Concentration of 210Po in cigars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kelecom, Alphonse; Gouvea, Rita C.S.; Santos, Pedro L.

    2000-01-01

    210 Po concentrations have been determined in 57 different cigar brands manufactured in 11 countries. Cuban and American cigars showed the lowest 210 Po content. The mean levels of 210 Po in Brazilian cigars were almost equal to those of European and Dominican cigars, and somewhat lower than cigars from Central American countries. (author)

  17. Thorium-232

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ammerich, Marc; Frot, Patricia; Gambini, Denis-Jean; Gauron, Christine; Moureaux, Patrick; Herbelet, Gilbert; Lahaye, Thierry; Pihet, Pascal; Rannou, Alain; Vial, Eric

    2013-12-01

    This sheet belongs to a collection which relates to the use of radionuclides essentially in unsealed sources. Its goal is to gather on a single document the most relevant information as well as the best prevention practices to be implemented. These sheets are made for the persons in charge of radiation protection: users, radioprotection-skill persons, labor physicians. Each sheet treats of: 1 - the radio-physical and biological properties; 2 - the main uses; 3 - the dosimetric parameters; 4 - the measurement; 5 - the protection means; 6 - the areas delimitation and monitoring; 7 - the personnel classification, training and monitoring; 8 - the effluents and wastes; 9 - the authorization and declaration administrative procedures; 10 - the transport; and 11 - the right conduct to adopt in case of incident or accident. This sheet deals specifically with Thorium-232

  18. 43 CFR 17.232 - Postsecondary education.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Postsecondary education. 17.232 Section 17... Postsecondary education. This section applies to postsecondary education and activities, including postsecondary vocational education programs or activities, that receive Federal financial assistance and to recipients that...

  19. 24 CFR 232.605 - Contract requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Form of Contract § 232.605 Contract requirements. (a) The contract between the...

  20. The system Ba(H2PO4)2-Sr(H2PO4)2-H3PO4(30%)-H2O at 25, 40 and 60 deg C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Taranenko, N.P.; Serebrennikova, G.M.; Stepin, B.D.; Oboznenko, Yu.V.

    1982-01-01

    The system Ba(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 -Sr(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 -H 3 PO 4 (30%)-H 2 O (25 deg C) belongs to eutonic type systems. Solubility isotherms of salt components at 40 and 60 deg C are calculated. Polytherms (25-60 deg C) of solubility of monosubstituted barium and strontium phosphates in 30-60% H 3 PO 4 are obtained. The value of cocrystallization coefficient of Sr 2 + and Ba(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 Dsub(Sr)=0.042+-0.005 remains stable in the temperature range of 25-60 deg C and concentrations 30-60% phosphoric acid at initial content [Sr 2 + ]=1x10 - 2 mass%

  1. Heat capacity of Sr10(PO4)6Cl2 and Ca10(PO4)6Cl2 by DSC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Venkata Krishnan, R.; Jena, Hrudananda; Govindan Kutty, K.V.; Nagarajan, K.

    2008-01-01

    Strontium and calcium chloroapatites were synthesized by wet chemical method, characterized by X-ray diffraction and are found to be phase pure materials. The measured room temperature lattice parameter of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 is a = 9.523 A, c = 6.855 A and for Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 is a = 9.876 A, c = 7.188 A. Heat capacity measurements were carried out on Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 and Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 by DSC in the temperature range 298-800 K. The heat capacity values of Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 is higher at all temperatures than Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 . Enthalpy and entropy increments were computed. Heat capacity values of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 and Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 at 298 K are 758 and 868 J K -1 mol -1 , respectively

  2. Re-entrant spin glass and stepped magnetization in mixed-valence SrFe3(PO4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shang Mingyu; Chen Yan; Tian Ge; Yuan Hongming; Feng Shouhua

    2013-01-01

    The 2 D channel mixed-valent iron (II/III) monophosphate SrFe 3 (PO 4 ) 3 was synthesized via one step mild hydrothermal method at 210 °C and characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and magnetization measurements. Coexistence of antiferromagnetic superexchange and ferromagnetic superexchange interactions was supposed to be in the lattice according to the Goodenough-Kanamori-Anderson rules. Temperature dependent DC magnetization measurement shows that SrFe 3 (PO 4 ) 3 is ferrimagnet with three magnetic transitions between 2 and 350 K. Through AC magnetization measurement, re-entrant spin glass was observed due to the competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Furthermore, an interesting field induced stepped magnetization was observed in SrFe 3 (PO 4 ) 3 at 2 K with the saturation magnetization Ms=2.4 μ B /f.u. at 5 T.

  3. Effect of excitation energy and angular momentum on the characteristics of 208Po and 210Po compound nucleus fission fragments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Itkis, M.G.; Kalpakchieva, R.; Okolovich, V.N.; Penionzhkevich, Yu.Eh.; Tolstikov, V.N.

    1982-01-01

    To study characteristics of fissioning nucleus fragments, investigated were reactiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH8Pt+ 12 C → 210 Po in the 12 C ion energy range of 86-110.5 MeV, of 192 Os+ 16 O → 208 Po in 90-131 MeV range, 204 Pb+ 3 He → 207 Po, 206 Pb+ 3 He → 209 Po, 207 Pb+ 3 He → 210 Po with 60 MeV 3 He ion energy. Using a correlation technique for measuring energies of two fragments mass and energy distributions of fission fragments of 208 Po and 210 Po compound nuclei produced in the reactions have been studied. Mass and energy distributions of fragments from fission of 208 Po and 210 Po in the reactions with ions 16 O, 12 C and 3 He were investigated in an ample energy range, using the correlational techniques for measurement of energies of two fragments. An increase in the total kinetic energy with rise of the angular momentum was observed, the fact indicating a weak coupling of one-particle and collective modes of motion in the fissile nucleus resulting in that the rolational energy is transfered mainly to translation energies of the fragments

  4. Personal monitoring of 218Po and 214Po radionuclide deposition onto individuals under normal environmental exposure conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eatough, J.P.; Worley, A.; Moss, G.R.

    1999-01-01

    Personal dosemeters have been utilized to monitor the deposition of the radon decay products 218 Po and 214 Po onto individuals under normal environmental exposure conditions. Each detector consists of TASTRAK alpha-sensitive plastic incorporated into an ordinary working wristwatch. Subsequent analysis provides energy discrimination of the detected alpha-particle decays, and allows events from the individual radon decay products 218 Po and 214 Po, attached to the detector surface, to be uniquely identified. Assuming similar deposition onto skin and detector surfaces, the activity per unit area of deposited radionuclides can be determined for exposed skin. Forty-one personal dosemeters were issued to volunteers selected through the hospital medical physics departments at Reading, Northampton, Exeter and Plymouth. Each volunteer was also issued with a personal radon dosemeter to determine their individual radon exposure. The volunteers wore the two dosemeters simultaneously and continuously for a period of around one month. Correlations were observed between the radon exposure of the individual and the activity per unit area of 218 Po and 214 Po on the detector surface. From these correlations it can be estimated that at the UK average radon exposure of 20 Bq m -3 , the number of decays/cm 2 /year on continuously exposed skin surface is between 3500 and 28 000 for 218 Po, and between 7000 and 21 000 for 214 Po. These results can be combined with theoretical modelling of the dose distribution in the skin to yield the alpha-particle radiation dose to any identified target cells. (author)

  5. Dissolution behaviour of 238U, 234U and 230Th deposited on filters from personal dosemeters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Becková, Vera; Malátová, Irena

    2008-01-01

    Kinetics of dissolution of (238)U, (234)U and (230)Th dust deposited on filters from personal alpha dosemeters was studied by means of a 26-d in vitro dissolution test with a serum ultrafiltrate simulant. Dosemeters had been used by miners at the uranium mine 'Dolní Rozínka' at Rozná, Czech Republic. The sampling flow-rate as declared by the producer is 4 l h(-1) and the sampling period is typically 1 month. Studied filters contained 125 +/- 6 mBq (238)U in equilibrium with (234)U and (230)Th; no (232)Th series nuclides were found. Half-time of rapid dissolution of 1.4 d for (238)U and (234)U and slow dissolution half-times of 173 and 116 d were found for (238)U and (234)U, respectively. No detectable dissolution of (230)Th was found.

  6. Certified Reference Material IAEA-446 for radionuclides in Baltic Sea seaweed

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pham, M.K.; Benmansour, M.; Carvalho, F.P.

    2014-01-01

    A Certified Reference Material (CRM) for radionuclides in seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) from the Baltic Sea (IAEA-446) is described and the results of the certification process are presented. The 40K, 137Cs, 234U and 239þ240Pu radionuclides were certified for this material, and information values...... for 12 other radionuclides (90Sr, 99Tc, 210Pb (210Po), 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 230Th, 232Th, 235U, 238U, 239Pu and 240Pu) are presented. The CRM can be used for Quality Assurance/Quality Control of analysis of radionuclides in seaweed and other biota samples, as well as for development and validation...

  7. Temperature effect on uranium retention onto Zr2O(PO4)2 surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Almazan Torres, M.G.

    2007-03-01

    Uranium sorption onto Zr 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 has been studied between 298 K and 363 K, in 0.1 M NaClO 4 medium. Potentiometric titrations were realized to determine temperature dependency of the acid-base properties (pH(pcn), acidity constants). Classical batch experiments were performed at different temperatures. The sorption experiments revealed that the uranium sorption onto Zr 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 is favoured with the temperature. Structural characterization of the surface complexes was performed by both Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (TRLIF) and EXAFS spectroscopy. The TRLIF measurements vs. temperature revealed two uranyl surface complexes. No influence of the temperature onto the nature surface complex was observed. The EXAFS analysis showed a splitting of the equatorial oxygen atoms in two shells, corresponding to uranyl bidentate, inner-sphere complexes. The obtained structural uranyl surface complex information was used to simulate (using a constant capacitance model) the sorption edges. The proposed complexes equilibrium model consists of the following surface complexes: (ZrOH) 2 UO 2 2+ and (PO) 2 UO 2 . Besides the stability constants for the surface complexes, the thermodynamic parameters ΔH 0 and ΔS 0 were determined using the van't Hoff equation. The enthalpy values associated to the U(VI) retention onto Zr 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 , determined by the temperature dependence of the stability constants, testify that the formation of the complex (PO) 2 UO 2 (55 kJ/mol) is endothermic, while no influence of the temperature was observed for the formation of the complex (ZrOH) 2 UO 2 2+ . The adsorption reaction of the last complex is then driven by entropy. In addition, calorimetric measurements of uranium sorption onto Zr 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 were carried out to directly quantify the enthalpy associated to the retention processes. (author)

  8. PROUČAVANJE RECEPCIJE I POVIJEST ČITANJA (Premda se pojavljuje u 2016., ovaj rad – zapravo pisana verzija izlaganja održanog sredinom 2015. – predstavlja kronološki raniji stadij obrade teme kojom se opsežnije i po mnogo čemu drugačije bavi IX. poglavlje u međuvremenu objavljenoj knjizi David Šporer: Uvod u povijest knjige. Temelji pristupa (Leykam international, Zagreb, 2015.)

    OpenAIRE

    Šporer, David

    2016-01-01

    Članak nudi usporedbu povijesti čitanja i dosadašnjih modela proučavanja recepcije u književnosti, osobito njemačke „estetike recepcije“. Dok se, naime, u domaćim književnoznanstvenim krugovima o njemačkoj „estetici recepcije“ dosta znalo već početkom 1970-ih, to se ne može reći za povijest čitanja koja privlači sve više pažnje posljednjih desetljeća. U radu su zbog toga naznačene određene teme i perspektive karakteristične za povijest čitanja, koje bi mogle biti korisne i u proučavanju knjiž...

  9. Aberrant PO2 values in proficiency testing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fonzi, C E; Clausen, J L; Mahoney, J

    1993-03-01

    We prospectively determined the frequency of aberrant vials of fluorocarbon/buffer used for proficiency testing of measurements of pH, PCO2, and PO2, using 20 duplicate vials from 12 lots of fluorocarbon/buffer and two arterial blood gas analyzers in eight reference laboratories. We defined aberrant vials as vials for which both duplicate measurements differed from the mean value of repeated measurements for the specific instrument (for each lot of testing materials) by > 0.04 for pH, > 10% of the mean or 3.0 mm Hg, whichever was greater, for PCO2; or > 10% of the mean or 6 mm Hg, whichever was greater, for PO2. Four of 1620 vials (0.25%) were aberrant, all based on PO2 measurements (range of mean values: pH, 7.181-7.631; PCO2, 12.7-65.9; PO2, 32.5-150.1) were 0.0055 for pH, 0.67 mm Hg for PCO2, and 1.65 mm Hg for PO2. Deliberate contamination of the fluorocarbon emulsion with room air, as might occur during sampling from the vial, indicated that only minor increases in PO2 (e.g., 1.0 mm Hg at PO2 of 56 mm Hg) occur when samples are aspirated. Larger increases in PO2 (mean 7.1 mm Hg at a PO2 of 66 mm Hg) occurred when the syringe samples were contaminated with room air. We conclude that isolated aberrant measurements of PO2 in blood gas proficiency testing attributable to vial contents can occur, but the frequency is very low.

  10. 24 CFR 232.865 - Election by lender.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Rights and Duties of Lender Under the Contract of Insurance § 232.865 Election by lender. Where a real estate mortgage, or other security instrument has been used to...

  11. Accumulation of 210Po in Baltic invertebrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Skwarzec, B.; Falkowski, L.

    1988-01-01

    This paper presents the results of an investigation of the 210 Po contents of Baltic marine invertebrates. The 210 Po concentrations fall within the range 11.3-78.9 Bq kg -1 (dry wt), the higher values relating to polychaeta, priapulida and malacostraca and the lower levels to bivalvia. It is demonstrated that 210 Po is non-uniformly distributed within the isopod Mesidotea entomon and the bivalve Mya arenaria. The 210 Po contents of the internal organs decreasing in the order-hepatopancreas > alimentary tract > gill > muscle. Moreover, the results indicate the dominant role of the digestive organs of these invertebrates in controlling absorption and elimination of 210 Po. (author)

  12. Natural-series radionuclides in traditional North Australian aboriginal foods

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Murray, A.S.; Johnston, A.; Hancock, G.J.; Martin, P. [Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (ERISS), Jabiru (Australia)

    1997-07-01

    Activity concentrations of the radionuclides {sup 226}Ra, {sup 210}Pb, {sup 210}Po, {sup 238}U, {sup 234}U, {sup 230}Th, {sup 232}Th and {sup 227}Ac were measured in edible flesh of traditional Aboriginal food items from the Magela and Cooper Creek systems in the tropical Northern Territory of Australia. Fish, buffalo, pig, magpie goose, filesnake, goanna, turtle, freshwater shrimp and freshwater crocodile were studied. Activity concentrations in water were also measured to enable the calculation of concentration ratios (CRs).For most edible flesh samples, activity concentrations followed the approximate order: {sup 210}Po>>{sup 226210}[{sup 234}Usimilar{sup 238}[{sup 230}Thsimilar{sup 232}Th]. The {sup 210}Po/{sup 210}Pb activity ratio was particularly high (greater than 100) for pig flesh. CRs for fish species fall into two groups. Group 1 (bony bream and sleepy cod) had CRs about five times higher than for group 2 (eight other species). CRs for turtle flesh were similar to those for fish in group 1, while those for turtle liver were about a factor of 10 higher. CRs for magpie goose, filesnake, freshwater shrimp, goanna and crocodile flesh were also of the same order as for fish in groups 1 or 2.Calculations of dose resulting from release of wastewaters from uranium mining operations in the region show that the dominant pathway would be uptake of radionuclides, especially {sup 226}Ra, by freshwater mussels, followed by radionuclide uptake by fish. (Copyright (c) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

  13. 33 CFR 110.232 - Southeast Alaska.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... explosives anchorage. (5) A wooden vessel must: (i) Be fitted with a radar reflector screen of metal of sufficient size to permit target indication on the radar screen of commercial type radar; or (ii) Have steel... 110.232 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ANCHORAGES...

  14. Specific absorption spectra of hemoglobin at different PO2 levels: potential noninvasive method to detect PO2 in tissues.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Peipei; Zhu, Zhirong; Zeng, Changchun; Nie, Guang

    2012-12-01

    Hemoglobin (Hb), as one of main components of blood, has a unique quaternary structure. Its release of oxygen is controlled by oxygen partial pressure (PO2). We investigate the specific spectroscopic changes in Hb under different PO2 levels to optimize clinical methods of measuring tissue PO2. The transmissivity of Hb under different PO2 levels is measured with a UV/Vis fiber optic spectrometer. Its plotted absorption spectral curve shows two high absorption peaks at 540 and 576 nm and an absorption valley at 560 nm when PO2 is higher than 100 mm Hg. The two high absorption peaks decrease gradually with a decrease in PO2, whereas the absorption valley at 560 nm increases. When PO2 decreases to approximately 0 mm Hg, the two high absorption peaks disappear completely, while the absorption valley has a hypochromic shift (8 to 10 nm) and forms a specific high absorption peak at approximately 550 nm. The same phenomena can be observed in visible reflectance spectra of finger-tip microcirculation. Specific changes in extinction coefficient and absorption spectra of Hb occur along with variations in PO2, which could be used to explain pathological changes caused by tissue hypoxia and for early detection of oxygen deficiency diseases in clinical monitoring.

  15. Do culinary preparations influence 210Po activity concentration in fin fishes?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Praveen Pole, R.P.; Godwin Wesley, S.; Rajan, M.P

    2013-01-01

    Polonium-210, a member of the 238 U series, is a major source of internal radiation dose to marine organisms and human beings. This naturally occurring radionuclide is responsible for a considerable proportion of radiation exposure of humans, in particular, through consumption of seafood. Considering all these facts, many countries and various international agencies have carried out studies for assessing the levels of 210 Po globally. The volatile nature of 210 Po at high temperatures would significantly reduce its activity concentration in various culinary preparations of seafood. Some studies of fishes have shown no measurable reduction in 210 Po activity in culinary preparations and some authors have reported measurable increase. Based on this scenario, the present study was aimed at estimating 210 Po activity concentrations in different culinary preparations of fishes traditionally prevalent in the coastal region of southern Tamil Nadu. The commonly available fish species (Sardinella sp., Leiognathus sp., Katsuwonus sp., Stolephorus sp. and Chirocentrus sp.) consumed more by the people of this region were collected from nearby fish-landing centre (Kanyakumari and Manakudi). The samples were washed thoroughly with tap water and eviscerated. The fillets were divided into four groups. Fresh fillets analysed as such; A portion of the sample was subjected to oil-frying (with commonly used spices and salt); One portion of the sample was salt-dried; Another portion of the sample was boiled (curry) along with common spices and salt. Ten to twenty grams of each sample was subjected to wet-digestion using 70% conc. HNO 3 followed by the addition of 40% H 2 O 2

  16. 12 CFR 232.4 - Specific exceptions for obtaining and using medical information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... organization works through mortgage lenders and requires mortgage lenders to obtain medical information about... determines that it needs additional information regarding the consumer's circumstances, the creditor may... medical information. 232.4 Section 232.4 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF...

  17. Crosstalk XVI, basic data communication and RS-232C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hwang, Hui Yung

    1988-10-01

    This book is divided into three parts, which deals with compatible software of data communication with IBM PC XT/AT. The first part consists of an introduction to crosstalk XVI, getting start for user, crosstalk practice, call with crosstalk, terminal feature, switch of communication parameter, terminal emulation, capturing data, transmission of text file answer mode, file transfer, command file and script file, command summary and examples. The second part deals with basic personal computer communication, RS-232C and explanation of communication control : RS-232C interface, transmission device and interrupt controller 8259.

  18. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 232: Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, Nevada Test Site, Nevada

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    US Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office

    1999-01-01

    This Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report (CADD/CR) has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 232, Area 25 Sewage Lagoons, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Located at the Nevada Test Site in Nevada, approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, CAU 232 is comprised of Corrective Action Site 25-03-01, Sewage Lagoon. This CADD/CR identifies and rationalizes the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office's (DOE/NV's) recommendation that no corrective action is deemed necessary for CAU 232. The Corrective Action Decision Document and Closure Report have been combined into one report because sample data collected during the July 1999 corrective action investigation (CAI) activities disclosed no evidence of contamination at the site. Contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) addressed during the CAI included total volatile organic compounds, total semivolatile organic compounds, total Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals, total pesticides, total herbicides, total petroleum hydrocarbons (gasoline and diesel/oil range), polychlorinated biphenyls, isotopic uranium, isotopic plutonium, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting radionuclides. The data confirmed that none of the COPCs identified exceeded preliminary action levels outlined in the CAIP; therefore, no corrective actions were necessary for CAU 232. After the CAI, best management practice activities were completed and included installation of a fence and signs to limit access to the lagoons, cementing Manhole No. 2 and the diverter box, and closing off influent and effluent ends of the sewage lagoon piping. As a result of the CAI, the DOE/NV recommended that: (1) no further actions were required; (2) no Corrective Action Plan would be required; and (3) no use restrictions were required to be placed on the CAU

  19. Study of the sensitivity of integral parameters related to 232 Thorium cross sections

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guimaraes, L.N.F.; Menezes, A.

    1986-01-01

    The THOR critical assembly is used to test 232 Th basic nuclear data from ENDL-78, ENDF/B-IV, INDL-83, JENDL-1 and JENDL-2. The FORSS and UNISENS systems are used to calculate integral parameters and sensitivity profiles. The results show that 232 Th from JENDL-2 is superior to the others, with ENDL-78 showing the worst performance. The discrepancies can be credited to the different evaluations for the 232 Thorium scattering cross section. (Author) [pt

  20. Radioactive 210Po in magnesium supplements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Struminska-Parulska, Dagmara Ida

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this pioneer study was to determine polonium 210 Po in the most popular magnesium supplements in Poland and estimate the possible related dose assessment to the consumers. The analyzed magnesium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic magnesium compounds; some from natural sources. The objectives of this research were to investigate the naturally occurring 210 Po activity concentrations in magnesium supplements, find the correlations between 210 Po concentration in medicament and magnesium chemical form, and calculate the effective radiation dose connected to analyzed magnesium supplement consumption. The highest 210 Po activity concentrations were determined in mineral tablets made from sedimentary rocks, namely dolomite - 3.84 ± 0.15 mBq g -1 (sample Mg17). The highest annual radiation dose from 210 Po taken with 1 tablet of magnesium supplement per day or with 400 mg of pure Mg daily would come from sample Mg17 (dolomite) - 1.35 ± 0.5 and 8.44 ± 0.33 μSv year -1 respectively.

  1. Natural radioactivity (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and assessment of radiological hazards in the Kestanbol granitoid, Turkey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Canbaz, Buket; Cam, N Füsun; Yaprak, Günseli; Candan, Osman

    2010-09-01

    The surveys of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides in rocks and soils from the Ezine plutonic area were conducted during 2007. Direct dose measurement using a survey meter was carried out simultaneously. The present study, which is part of the survey, analysed the activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in granitoid samples from all over the region by HPGe gamma spectrometry. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra ranged from 94 to 637 Bq kg(-1), those of (232)Th ranged from 120 to 601 Bq kg(-1)and those of (40)K ranged from 1074 to 1527 Bq kg(-1) in the analysed rock samples from different parts of the pluton. To evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity in the samples, the absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate, the radium equivalent activity (Ra(eq)) and the external (H(ex)) hazard index were calculated according to the UNSCEAR 2000 report. The thorium-to-uranium concentration ratios were also estimated.

  2. Determination of radioactivity in some syrian medicinal plans and their infusions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Masri, M. S.; Amin, Y.; Al-Akel, B.; Safieh, M. B.; Massoh, L.; Al-Grier, N.

    2012-08-01

    In this research, natural radionuclides ( 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K, 210 Pb and 210 Po) and synthetic radionuclide ( 137 Cs) of 38 native and import medicinal plants and their infusions were determined. The results show that the 137 Cs activities in all studied samples were near or below the lower limit detection (0.5 Bq kg - 1 dry wt.), while 40 K activities were ranged from 109 to 853 Bq kg - 1 dry wt. for Cinnamon and Safflower, respectively. Ginkgo leaves have the highest 232 Th activity (14.3 Bq kg - 1 dry wt.). 238 U activity reached 4.26 Bq kg - 1 dry wt. in Aloe plant. 210 Po activities ranged between 3.0 and 86 Bq kg - 1 dry wt. for powdered Garlic and Common sage plants, respectively. 21 0Pb activities changed extremely, and ranged between 3.9 and 181 Bq kg - 1 dry wt. for bloom of Damask rose and Liquorice plants, respectively. Transferred 40 K from plant to its infusion varied between less than 25% and 100%. While, transfer coefficients of 210 Po, 210 Pb and 238 U changed extremely according to kind of plant, the highest rate was found to be 66% for bloom of Damask rose. On the other hand, the daily consumption of powdered plant has been relatively close evaluated value, in comparison with the daily consumption of different food, but it has been higher evaluated value in comparison with the daily consumption of its infusion. The daily effective dose due to consumption of powdered plant found to be in the range of 8.8x10 - 4 and 3.7 μ Sv day - 1. While, the daily effective dose due to consumption of infusion plant varied between 5.1x10 - 3 and 3.1x10 - 1 μ Sv day - 1. (authors)

  3. The phase transition of the incommensurate phases β-Ln(PO3)3(Ln=Y,Tb…Yb), crystal structures of α-Ln(PO3)3(Ln=Y,Tb…Yb) and Sc(PO3)3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Höppe, Hennig A.

    2009-07-01

    The incommensurately modulated room-temperature phases β-Ln(PO3)3(Ln=Y,Tb…Yb) undergo a topotactic phase transition monitored by vibrational spectroscopy below 180 K leading to α-Ln(PO3)3(Ln=Y,Dy…Yb), above 200 K the incommensurate phases are reobtained. The low-temperature phases exhibit a new structure type (α-Dy(PO3)3, P21/c, Z=12,a=14.1422(6), b=20.0793(9),c=10.1018(4) A˚, β=127.532(3)∘). α-Tb(PO3)3 is isotypic with Gd(PO3)3(α-Tb(PO3)3, I2/a,Z=16,a=25.875(6), b=13.460(3), c=10.044(2) A˚, β=119.13(3)∘). The symmetry relations between the involved phases of the phase transition are discussed. The crystal structure of Sc(PO3)3 is isotypic with that of Lu(PO3)3 and C-type phosphates. The polyphosphates consist of infinite zig-zag chains of corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra, the cations are coordinated sixfold in an almost octahedral arrangement. To confirm the quality of the determined crystal structures the deviation of the phosphate tetrahedra from ideal symmetry was determined and discussed.

  4. D ampersand D Characterization of the 232-F Old Tritium Facility at the Savannah River Site

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scallon, K.L.; England, J.L.

    1995-01-01

    The 232-F ''Old Tritium Facility'' operated in the 1950s as the first tritium production facility at the Savannah River Site (SRS). In 1957, the 232-F operation ceased with tritium production turned over to a larger, technologically improved facility at SRS. The 232-F Facility was abandoned in 1958 and the process areas have remained contaminated with radiological, hazardous and mixed constituents. Decontamination and decommissioning (D ampersand D) of the 232-F Facility is scheduled to occur in the years 1995-1996. This paper presents the D ampersand D characterization efforts for the 232-F Facility

  5. Conductivity And Thermal Stability of Solid Acid Composites CsH2PO4 /NaH2PO4/ SiO2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Norsyahida Mohammad; Abu Bakar Mohamad; Abu Bakar Mohamad; Abdul Amir Hassan Kadhum

    2016-01-01

    Solid acid composites CsH 2 PO 4 / NaH 2 PO 4 / SiO 2 with different mole ratios of CsH 2 PO 4 and NaH 2 PO 4 to SiO 2 were synthesized and characterized. Preliminary infrared measurements of CsH 2 PO 4 and its composites indicated that hydrogen bonds breaking and formation were detected between 1710 to 2710 cm -1 , while the rotation of phosphate tetrahedral anions occurred between 900 and 1200 cm -1 . The superprotonic transition of CsH 2 PO 4 / NaH 2 PO 4 / SiO 2 composite was identified at superprotonic temperatures between 230 and 260 degree Celcius, under atmospheric pressure. This study reveals higher conductivity values for composites with higher CsH 2 PO 4 (CDP) content. Solid acid composite CDP 613 appeared as the composite with the highest conductivity that is 7.2x10 -3 S cm -1 at 230 degree Celcius. Thermal stability of the solid acid composites such as temperature of dehydration, melting and decomposition were investigated. The addition of NaH 2 PO 4 lowers the dehydration temperature of the solid acid composites. (author)

  6. 210Pb and 210Po in tobacco - with a special focus on estimating the doses of 210Po to man

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takizawa, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, L.

    1994-01-01

    Inhalation of tobacco smoke is ranked second to food as a source of 210 Pb and 210 Po exposure to man. assay of 210 Pb and 210 Po in commercially available tobacco collected from many countries have been carried out to assess the potential risk from 210 Po present in tobacco. The range of 210 Po contained in the tobacco grands varied from 10.08 to 15.0 mBq/tob or 13.0 to 20.1 mBq/g and the mean was 11.6 mBq/tob or 15.4 mBq/g. During the International Standard Smoking process about 50% of 210 Po present in tobaccos was transferred into the smoke and the other 50% remained in the ash and butt. About 10% of the total 210 Po of tobacco was inhaled by smoke through mainstream smoke. One pack-a-day smoker inhaled 24 mBq of 210 Po per day through smoking and the annual inhalation was 8.8 Bq. The risk of mortality from lung cancer caused by 210 Po in tobaccos was 18 per million persons for the above model. (author) 6 refs.; 1 fig.; 4 tabs

  7. Options for the deduction of target and intervention values for radon precursors of the 238U- and 232Th-series in soils

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stoop, P.; Lembrechts, J.

    1993-04-01

    Radiation protection policy in the Netherlands applies to human activities in which ionizing radiation presents a hazard, not to naturally occurring sources of radiation. The risk levels (maximum permissible risk and negligible risk) apply to sources of radiation that cause an additional risk. Translation of these levels into practical environmental quality objectives therefore implies that both the extent and the origin of the risk are determined. The distinction between the natural and the additional radiation dose is of particular interest. In this report various possibilities are described for measuring, explaining and predicting the naturally occurring concentrations of the precursors of the element radon in the two radioactive decay series starting with 238 U and 232 Th. Several methods are given that may be used to derive environmental quality objectives for the soil with respect to these radionuclides. These environmental quality objectives are an important basis for among other things the soil sanitation policy. The nature of the radionuclides considered may have consequences for the choice of sanitation techniques. Because possible sources and cases of soil pollution may have important consequences for the Dutch policy on soil sanitation, a short overview is given of data published on these subjects. The foundation and the control of intervention levels requires insight in the relative importance of pollution pathways. As a result, pathways have been given ample attention. 9 figs., 17 tabs., 66 refs

  8. The three-spinned stickleback (Gasterosteus Aguleatus) as potential biomonitor of 210Po content at two sampling sites of coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goral, M.; Bojanowski, R.; Szefer, P.

    2006-01-01

    The aim of presented study was to evaluate the three-spinned stickleback (Gasterosteus Aguleatus) as potential biomonitor of 210 Po content in the vicinity of mouth of the Vistula River and yacht port in Gdynia. The three-spinned stickleback was collected from the above areas. Fish was caught, samples were weighted and their total lengths was measured. The fish age was determined using sagittal otoliths. The 210 Po content was determined by α-spectrometry, following radiochemical separation. The U Mann-Whitney's test showed insignificant differences in 210 Po activity in samples originated from two various geographic regions. Based on the results of both U Mann-Whitney's test Spearman's rank correlations it seems that stickleback could be useful tool for monitoring because of the lack of the sex- and age-dependent influence on polonium concentration in the fish analysed

  9. A Contribution to the Study of the Oxidation of Uranium Monocarbide in Carbonic Anhydride at High Temperatures; Contribution a l'etude de l'oxydation du monocarbure d'uranium dans l'anhydride carbonique aux temperatures elevees; Vklad v izuchenie voprosa okisleniya monokarbida urana v ugol'nom angidride pri povyshennykh temperaturakh; Contribucion al estudio de la oxidacion del monocarburo de uranio en anhidrido carbonico a temperaturas elevadas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Desrues, R; Paidassi, J.; Darras, R. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Saclay (France)

    1963-11-15

    monocarburo, sea que provengan del uranio o bien del dicarburo, disminuye la resistencia de este compuesto a la oxidacion; ello puede atribuirse sobre todo al hecho de que aquellas sufren una oxidacion muy seria, especialmente a raiz de las tensiones mecanicas que causa. 3. En todos los casos, el proceso de oxidacion puede caracterizarse por una energia de activacion igual a 29 000 cal/M, valor muy proximo al correspondiente a la oxidacion del uranio metalico en el mismo gas y a la difusion del oxigeno en el oxido de uranio (UO{sub 2}) que se forma. (author) [Russian] Obraztsy monokarbida urana, poluchennogo dvumya razlichnymi metodami, i obraztsy ker- meta sostava 96,7 ves% U-3,3 ves% S podvergalis' dejstviyu ugol'nogo angidrida, tshchatel'no ochishchennogo ot kisloroda i vodyanykh parov, v intervalakh 350 - 600 deg. C, i nablyudalos' ikh okislenie odnovremenno mikrograficheskim i gravimetricheskim sposobami pri pomoshchi termovesov Ehjro. Bylo otmecheno sleduyushchee: 1) Krivye vyrazhayut uvelichenie vesa kak funktsiyu vremeni i vnachale nosyat yarko vyrazhennyj linejnyj kharakter, zatem bystro vozrastayut, chto ob{sup y}asnyaetsya, v osnovnom,progressivnym razlozheniem obraztsov. Vprochem, poluchennye dannye uvelicheniya vesa yavlyayutsya bolee nizkimi chem te, kotorye byli opublikovany do nastoyashchego vremeni, chto sleduet, ochevidno, pripisat' bolee vysokoj chistote upotreblennogo ugol'nogo angitrida i ochen' neznachitel'noj poristosti ispol'zovannogo monokarbida urana. 2) Nalichie vklyuchenij v monokarbid, kotorye sootvetstvuyut uranu ili dikarbidu, umen'shaet stojkost' ehtogo materiala k okisleniyu, chto sleduet pripisat', glavnym obrazom,katastroficheskomu okisleniyu samikh vklyuchenij iz-za mekhanicheskikh svyazej. 3) Vo vsekh sluchayakh protsess okisleniya mozhet byt' okharakterizovan ehnergiej aktivatsii, ravnoj 29 000 kal/mol', velichinoj, ochen' blizkoj k toj, kotoraya sootvetstvuet okisleniyu metallicheskogo urana v tom zhe gaze i diffuzii kisloroda v okisi

  10. 48 CFR 52.232-17 - Interest.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... Contractor to the Government under this contract shall bear simple interest from the date due until paid... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Interest. 52.232-17... Interest. As prescribed in 32.611(a) and (b), insert the following clause: INTEREST (OCT 2010) (a) Except...

  11. Molecular characteristic and pathogenicity of Indonesian H5N1 clade 2.3.2 viruses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dharmayanti NLPI

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available The outbreak of disease in late 2012 in Indonesia caused high duck mortality. The agent of the disease was identified as H5N1 clade 2.3.2. The disease caused economic loss to the Indonesian duck farmer. The clade 2.3.2 of H5N1 virus has not previously been identified, so this study was conducted to characterize 4 of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 viruses by DNA sequencing in eight genes segment virus namely HA, NA, NS, M, PB1, PB2, PA and NP. The pathogenicity test of clade 2.3.2 viruses in ducks was compared to clade 2.1.3 viruses which predominat circulating in Indonesia. Results of phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the four of clade 2.3.2 viruses isolated in 2012 was the new introduced virus from abroad. Further analysis showed eight genes were in one group with the clade 2.3.2 viruses, especially those from VietNam and did not belong to Indonesia viruses group. The pathogenicity test in ducks showed that virus H5N1 clade 2.3.2 and clade 2.1.3 have similar clinical symptoms and pathogenicity and cause death in 75% of ducks on days 3-6 after infection.

  12. Analiza učinkovitosti učenja strojnika na stroju za sečnjo

    OpenAIRE

    Pezdevšek Malovrh, Špela; Košir, Boštjan; Krč, Janez

    2004-01-01

    Članek obravnava načine učenja bodočih strojnikov za delo s strojem za sečnjo.Na prvem takšnem primeru v Sloveniji je opisan in analiziran potek učenja s simulatorjem in merjeni so časi posameznih postopkov pri dveh kandidatih. Opisano je delovanje simulatorja za učenje na stroju Timberjack 1270 D in potek enotedenskega tečaja. Narejena je primerjava med kandidatoma glede porabe časa in števila poškodb na virtualnem stroju in sestoju, ki jih je beležil program simulatorja. Podane so usmeritve...

  13. A study on the 210Po distribution in marine organisms around the coastal waters of Mumbai Harbour Bay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hemalatha, P.; Preetha, J.; Madhuparna, D.; Narayani, K.; Vandana, P.; Ravi, P.M.

    2013-01-01

    The near-shore environment and the surface oceans are very reactive zones with heavy geochemical and biological activity. Among the natural radionuclide, Po assumes importance as it is a good representative isotope of naturally occurring radionuclide present in the sea water which is particle reactive and high-energy alpha emitter. The source of Po is mainly from the diffusion of 222 Rn gas from its parent 238 U decay product 226 Ra. 210 Po gets accumulated in very high level in organisms and thus becomes responsible for the internal radiation dose to human. The main path for entry of the activity into human-is through consumption of marine food. This paper presents the results on the study conducted to investigate the 210 Po accumulation in the marine organism around Mumbai. The results were compared with 210 Po activity in representative marine organisms from eastern and western coastal India. Twelve different varieties of marine organisms (Fish, Crab, Prawns) consumed by the local population were collected from the catch at the shore and from the local fish markets. 210 Po was estimate in the organisms and in the sea water by standard radiochemical analysis. The edible portion of the organism were separated, freeze dried, acid digested at controlled temperature of 90℃ and the residue was extracted in 0.5M HCI. 210 Po in sea water was concentrated using Fe(OH) 3 scavenging followed by extraction by 0.5M HCI. Po was further separated from the acid extract by spontaneous deposition on to a Ag disk at 80℃. Alpha activity in the deposited sample was estimated using Alpha spectrometry. 208 Po and 209 Po tracers were used as yield monitor. 210 Po was observed to be in the range of <0.008-8.39 Bq.kg -1 in fish varieties. In prawns, activity was in the range of <0.008-1.41 Bq.kg -1 . Bioaccumulation factor was calculated and the values were compared with the IAEA reported values and discussed. (author)

  14. Postępowanie z chorym po zawale serca

    OpenAIRE

    Kalina Niedolaz; Katarzyna Hałas; Anna Kaźmierczak-Dziuk

    2011-01-01

    Choroba wieńcowa, czyli choroba niedokrwienna serca na podłożu miażdżycy tętnic wieńcowych, stanowi niezwykle istotny problem kliniczny. Jej bezpośrednim i często nieuchronnym następstwem jest zawał mięśnia serca. Zawał najczęściej jest spowodowany zamknięciem tętnicy wieńcowej w wyniku uszkodzenia blaszki miażdżycowej (jej pęknięcia lub erozji) z następowym wytworzeniem dystalnego zakrzepu i powoduje zniszczenie prawidłowo działającego mięśnia sercowego. Chory po przebytym zawale...

  15. The phase transition of the incommensurate phases β-Ln(PO3)3(Ln=Y,Tb...Yb), crystal structures of α-Ln(PO3)3(Ln=Y,Tb...Yb) and Sc(PO3)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoeppe, Hennig A.

    2009-01-01

    The incommensurately modulated room-temperature phases β-Ln(PO 3 ) 3 (Ln=Y,Tb...Yb) undergo a topotactic phase transition monitored by vibrational spectroscopy below 180 K leading to α-Ln(PO 3 ) 3 (Ln=Y,Dy...Yb), above 200 K the incommensurate phases are reobtained. The low-temperature phases exhibit a new structure type (α-Dy(PO 3 ) 3 ,P2 1 /c,Z=12,a=14.1422(6),b=20.0793(9),c=10.1018(4)A, β=127.532(3) 0 ). α-Tb(PO 3 ) 3 is isotypic with Gd(PO 3 ) 3 (α-Tb(PO 3 ) 3 ,I2/a,Z=16,a=25.875(6),b=13.460(3),c=10.044(2)A, β=119.13(3) 0 ). The symmetry relations between the involved phases of the phase transition are discussed. The crystal structure of Sc(PO 3 ) 3 is isotypic with that of Lu(PO 3 ) 3 and C-type phosphates. The polyphosphates consist of infinite zig-zag chains of corner-sharing PO 4 tetrahedra, the cations are coordinated sixfold in an almost octahedral arrangement. To confirm the quality of the determined crystal structures the deviation of the phosphate tetrahedra from ideal symmetry was determined and discussed. - Abstract: Basic structure from which all crystal structures of the late lanthanoids' polyphosphates at room temperature and below can be derived.

  16. A high-temperature Raman scattering study of the phase transitions in GaPO{sub 4} and in the AlPO{sub 4}-GaPO{sub 4} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Angot, E [Laboratoire des Colloides, des Verres et des Nanomateriaux, UMR CNRS 5587, Universite Montpellier II, cc026, Place E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Parc, R Le [Laboratoire des Colloides, des Verres et des Nanomateriaux, UMR CNRS 5587, Universite Montpellier II, cc026, Place E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Levelut, C [Laboratoire des Colloides, des Verres et des Nanomateriaux, UMR CNRS 5587, Universite Montpellier II, cc026, Place E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Beaurain, M [Laboratoire de Physicochimie de la Matiere Condensee, UMR CNRS 5617, Universite Montpellier II, cc003, Place E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Armand, P [Laboratoire de Physicochimie de la Matiere Condensee, UMR CNRS 5617, Universite Montpellier II, cc003, Place E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Cambon, O [Laboratoire de Physicochimie de la Matiere Condensee, UMR CNRS 5617, Universite Montpellier II, cc003, Place E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Haines, J [Laboratoire de Physicochimie de la Matiere Condensee, UMR CNRS 5617, Universite Montpellier II, cc003, Place E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)

    2006-05-03

    Al{sub 1-x}Ga{sub x}PO{sub 4} solid solutions (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.38, 0.7) and the pure AlPO{sub 4} (x = 0) and GaPO{sub 4} (x = 1) end members with the {alpha}-quartz-type structure were studied by Raman scattering. An investigation as a function of composition enabled the various modes to be assigned, in particular coupled and decoupled vibrations. The tetrahedral tilting modes, which have been linked to high-temperature phase transitions to {beta}-quartz-type forms, were found to be decoupled. In addition, it is shown that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for determining the gallium content of these solid solutions. Single crystals with x = 0.2, 0.38, and 1.0 (GaPO{sub 4}) were investigated at high temperature. The composition Al{sub 0.8}Ga{sub 0.2}PO{sub 4} was found to exhibit sequential transitions upon heating to the {beta}-quartz and {beta}-cristobalite forms at close to 993 K and 1073 K, respectively. Direct {alpha}-quartz-{beta}-cristobalite transitions were observed for the two other compositions at close to 1083 K and 1253 K, respectively, upon heating. The spectra of the {beta}-quartz and {beta}-cristobalite forms indicate the presence of significant disorder. Back transformation to the {alpha}-quartz-type form occurred readily with a hysteresis of less than 100 K for the composition x = 0.38 and for pure GaPO{sub 4}. Rapid cooling was necessary to obtain the metastable {alpha}-cristobalite form. In contrast, for Al{sub 0.80}Ga{sub 0.20}PO{sub 4}, the {alpha}-cristobalite form was obtained even upon slow cooling.

  17. 230,232Th in milk, meat, and grain in Korea

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin, Xiujing; Choi, Minseok; Kim, Wan; Kang, Heedong; Doh, Sihhong; Kim, Dosung; Kim, Changkyu

    2004-01-01

    The concentrations of natural radioisotopes 230 Th and 232 Th in Korean foods were measured by the method of calcium oxalate co-precipitation in addition to the conventional anion-exchange method and alpha spectroscopic measurement. The 230 Th concentrations (mBq/kg-fresh) in Korean foods were found to be as follows: milk 0.14-2.45, pork 2.98-8.97, beef 1.94-9.80, chicken 1.22-13.0, rice 0.43-2.35, wheat 0.53-14.4, and soybeans, 8.44-91.6. The 232 Th concentrations (mBq/kg-fresh) in Korean foods were found to be as follows: milk 0.01-2.46, pork 0.28-9.32, beef 1.02-5.34, chicken 0.56-4.98, rice 0.32-2.54, wheat 0.53-20.0, and soybeans, 2.30-42.2. The annual internal dose of Th was also estimated. The annual internal dose of 230 Th and 232 Th in milk was about 0.006 μSv/yr and much lower than that of other countries because of the low intake of milk in Korea compared to other countries. The annual internal dose of 230 Th and 232 Th in the rice was about 0.043 μSv/yr and highest because rice is the staple food of Koreans. (author)

  18. Vertical and horizontal distribution of radionuclides ({sup 232}Th, {sup 238}U and {sup 40}K) in sediment from Manjung coastal water area Perak, Malaysia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abdullah, Anisa, E-mail: coppering@ymail.com; Hamzah, Zaini; Wood, Ab. Khalik [Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia); Saat, Ahmad [Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia); Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia)

    2016-01-22

    Distribution of radionuclides from anthropogenic activities has been widely studied in marine coastal area. Due to rapid population growth and socio-economic development in Manjung area such as coal fired power plant, iron foundries, port development, waste discharged from factories and agriculture runoff may contribute to increase in pollution rate. The radioactive materials from anthropogenic activities could deteriorate the quality of the marine ecosystem and thus lead to possible radiological health risk to the population. Radionuclides ({sup 232}Th, {sup 238}U and {sup 40}K) content in surface and profile sediment from Manjung coastal area was determined in this study. Radionuclides in sediment from seven locations were collected using sediment core sampling and measurements were carried out using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of radionuclides in surface sediment and distribution trend of depth vertical profile sediment generally varies depending on locations. Enrichment factors (EF), geo-accumulation index (I{sub geo}) and pollution index (PI) were applied to determine level of pollution of this study area. The radiological risks related to human exposure were evaluated based on external hazard index (H{sub ex})

  19. Comparison of electrochemical performances of olivine NaFePO4 in sodium-ion batteries and olivine LiFePO4 in lithium-ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Yujie; Xu, Yunhua; Liu, Yihang; Luo, Chao; Wang, Chunsheng

    2013-01-21

    Carbon-coated olivine NaFePO(4) (C-NaFePO(4)) spherical particles with a uniform diameter of ∼80 nm are obtained by chemical delithiation and subsequent electrochemical sodiation of carbon-coated olivine LiFePO(4) (C-LiFePO(4)), which is synthesized by a solvothermal method. The C-NaFePO(4) electrodes are identical (particle size, particle size distribution, surface coating, and active material loading, etc.) to C-LiFePO(4) except that Li ions in C-LiFePO(4) are replaced by Na ions, making them ideal for comparison of thermodynamics and kinetics between C-NaFePO(4) cathode in sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries and C-LiFePO(4) in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. In this paper, the equilibrium potentials, reaction resistances, and diffusion coefficient of Na in C-NaFePO(4) are systematically investigated by using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), and compared to those of the well-known LiFePO(4) cathodes in Li-ion batteries. Due to the lower diffusion coefficient of Na-ion and higher contact and charge transfer resistances in NaFePO(4) cathodes, the rate performance of C-NaFePO(4) in Na-ion batteries is much worse than that of C-LiFePO(4) in Li-ion batteries. However, the cycling stability of C-NaFePO(4) is almost comparable to C-LiFePO(4) by retaining 90% of its capacity even after 100 charge-discharge cycles at a charge-discharge rate of 0.1 C.

  20. Una poética del pliegue

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Porrúa

    2000-11-01

    Full Text Available La producción de Juan Gelman-de Violín y otras cuestiones a Relaciones- puede inscribirse dentro de la poética sesentista caracterizada por la hegemonía de la narración y la apertura del discurso poético al resto de los discursos sociales, pero también establece una compleja relación con las vanguardias históricas. La noción de pliegue permite revisar las articulaciones de este conflicto; como espacio el pliegue separa ambas poéticas, la "coloquialista" y vanguardista, que pueden leerse en el interior del corpus propuesto en estado puro, yuxtapuestas, o bajo la forma del cruce que instala la polémica entre libros o textos de un mismo libro. La idea depliegue como rasgo operatorio permite, por su parte, revisar la relación entre ambas poéticas en el interior de un poema, focalizando la materia, el lenguaje. En este caso la poética vanguardista funciona como cuestionamiento de la linealidad del texto sesentista.

  1. Una poética del pliegue

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Porrúa

    2001-11-01

    Full Text Available La producción de Juan Gelman-de Violín y otras cuestiones a Relaciones- puede inscribirse dentro de la poética sesentista caracterizada por la hegemonía de la narración y la apertura del discurso poético al resto de los discursos sociales, pero también establece una compleja relación con las vanguardias históricas. La noción de pliegue permite revisar las articulaciones de este conflicto; como espacio el pliegue separa ambas poéticas, la "coloquialista" y vanguardista, que pueden leerse en el interior del corpus propuesto en estado puro, yuxtapuestas, o bajo la forma del cruce que instala la polémica entre libros o textos de un mismo libro. La idea depliegue como rasgo operatorio permite, por su parte, revisar la relación entre ambas poéticas en el interior de un poema, focalizando la materia, el lenguaje. En este caso la poética vanguardista funciona como cuestionamiento de la linealidad del texto sesentista.

  2. Neutron-induced reactions on U and Th - A new approach via AMS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wallner, A.; Capote, R.; Christl, M.; Fifield, L.K.; Srncik, M.; Tims, S.; Hotchkis, M.; Krasa, A.; Lachner, J.; Lippold, J.; Plompen, A.; Semkova, V.; Steier, P.; Winkler, S.

    2014-01-01

    Recent studies exhibit discrepancies at keV and MeV energies between major nuclear data libraries for 238 U(n,γ), 232 Th(n,γ) and also for (n,xn) reactions. We have extended our initial (n,γ) measurements on 235,238 U to higher neutron energies and to additional reaction channels. Neutron-induced reactions on 232 Th and 238 U were measured by a combination of the activation technique and atom counting of the reaction products using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Natural thorium and uranium samples were activated with quasi-monoenergetic neutrons at IRMM. Neutron capture data were produced for neutron energies between 0.5 and 5 MeV. Fast neutron-induced reactions were studied in the energy range from 17 to 22 MeV. Preliminary data indicate a fair agreement with data libraries; however at the lower band of existing data. This approach represents a complementary method to on-line particle detection techniques and also to conventional decay counting. (authors)

  3. Ternary phosphates in Ca3(PO4)2-Na3Ln(PO4)2 (Ln-Nd, Eu, Er) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lazoryak, B.I.; Ivanov, L.N.; Strunenkova, T.V.; Golubev, V.N.; Viting, B.N.

    1990-01-01

    Ternary phosphates, formed in Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -Na 3 Ln(PO 4 ) 2 (Ln-Nd, Eu, Er) systems were investigated by the methods of X-ray phase, luminescent analyses and IR spectroscopy. 5 regions of homogeneity were found. Two of them (I and II) were distinguished for all systems. Samples in the region of up to 14.285 mol.% Na 3 Ln(PO 4 ) 2 crystallize on the basis of β-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 structure, and in other homogeneity regions - on the basis of β-K 2 SO 4 structure

  4. Poétique de l’invective dans les Poèmes aristophanesques de Laurent Tailhade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laurent Robert

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Parmi l’abondant corpus traité par Marc Angenot dans La Parole pamphlétaire, les ouvrages de Laurent Tailhade Au Pays du mufle et À travers les Grouins [sic] constituent les seuls recueils poétiques. L’essayiste y voit une illustration du genre de la satire poétique, revivifié dès la fin du xviiie siècle avec les Iambes d’André Chénier, puis au xixe notamment par Auguste Barbier et Victor Hugo. Tailhade pourrait ainsi, superficiellement, être considéré comme le poète satiriste de la Troisième...

  5. 24 CFR 232.630 - Assurance of completion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Special Requirements § 232.630 Assurance of completion. If the property upon...

  6. 24 CFR 232.565 - Maximum loan amount.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.565 Maximum loan amount. The principal amount...

  7. 24 CFR 232.545 - Covenant against liens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.545 Covenant against liens. (a) The security...

  8. 46 CFR 232.1 - Purpose and applicability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... ACTIVITIES UNIFORM FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS § 232.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) Purpose. The purpose of this regulation is to establish uniform reporting requirements for the preparation of financial reports and submissions of information to the Maritime Administration. The Maritime Administration will...

  9. Measurement of 210Po in vegetables of Gudalore

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Selvasekarapandian, S.; Sivakumar, R.; Mugunthamanikandan, N.; Ragunath, V.M.; Meenashisundaram, V.

    1999-01-01

    Intake of 210 Po with food was determined for the population in Gudalore taluka of Nilgiri district. The content of 210 Po in different vegetable samples was determined. The annual intake of 210 Po due different vegetables was estimated on the basis of their average annual consumption. The intake of 210 Po varied from 0.056 to 11.97 Bq/kg. The largest intake of 210 Po was with tapioca. From the intake annual effective dose was calculated. Effective dose equivalent due to polonium in different vegetables varied between 0.0121 to 2.872 μSv/Y. (author)

  10. Synthesis, crystal structure, and ionic conductivity of a new layered metal phosphate, Li2Sr2Al(PO4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Sung-Chul; Kwak, Hyun-Jung; Yoo, Chung-Yul; Yun, Hoseop; Kim, Seung-Joo

    2016-01-01

    A new layered metal phosphate, Li 2 Sr 2 Al(PO 4 ) 3 , was synthesized in the form of either a single-crystal or polycrystalline powder using the molten hydroxide flux method or a solid-state reaction, respectively. Li 2 Sr 2 Al(PO 4 ) 3 crystallizes to the P2 1 /n (Z=4) monoclinic space group with lattice parameters a≈4.95 Å, b≈22.06 Å, c≈8.63 Å, and β≈91.5°. The structure is composed of stacked [LiSrAl(PO 4 ) 2 ] layers alternating regularly with [LiSrPO 4 ] layers. In the [LiSrAl(PO 4 ) 2 ] sublattice, the AlO 6 octahedra and PO 4 tetrahedra are tilted cooperatively to form an anionic, corrugated, two-dimensional [Al(PO 4 ) 2 ] 3− framework that can be regarded as a “distorted-glaserite” structure. The [LiSrPO 4 ] sublattice is that of a layered block containing a six-membered ring formed from alternating linkages of LiO 4 and PO 4 tetrahedra. The six-membered rings show a boat-type arrangement with the up(U) or down(D) pointing sequence, UUDUUD. The interspace between the two sublattices generates a two-dimensional pathway for Li + ion conduction. The impedance measurement indicated that Li 2 Sr 2 Al(PO 4 ) 3 had a moderate ion conductivity (σ≈1.30×10 −4 S cm −1 at 667 K), with an activation energy E a ≈1.02 eV. - Graphical abstract: Polyhedral view of Li 2 Sr 2 Al(PO 4 ) 3 . Li + ions are represented by green spheres, Sr atoms by white spheres, AlO 6 groups by octahedra, and PO 4 groups by tetrahedra. - Highlights: • New compound Li 2 Sr 2 Al(PO 4 ) 3 is reported. • The crystal structure is investigated by single-crystal XRD analysis. • The structure is formed by the alternate stacking of two different sublattices. • Correlation between the crystal structure and ionic conductivity is discussed.

  11. PO2 cycling reduces diaphragm fatigue by attenuating ROS formation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuo, Li; Diaz, Philip T; Chien, Michael T; Roberts, William J; Kishek, Juliana; Best, Thomas M; Wagner, Peter D

    2014-01-01

    Prolonged muscle exposure to low PO2 conditions may cause oxidative stress resulting in severe muscular injuries. We hypothesize that PO2 cycling preconditioning, which involves brief cycles of diaphragmatic muscle exposure to a low oxygen level (40 Torr) followed by a high oxygen level (550 Torr), can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as attenuate muscle fatigue in mouse diaphragm under low PO2. Accordingly, dihydrofluorescein (a fluorescent probe) was used to monitor muscular ROS production in real time with confocal microscopy during a lower PO2 condition. In the control group with no PO2 cycling, intracellular ROS formation did not appear during the first 15 min of the low PO2 period. However, after 20 min of low PO2, ROS levels increased significantly by ∼30% compared to baseline, and this increase continued until the end of the 30 min low PO2 condition. Conversely, muscles treated with PO2 cycling showed a complete absence of enhanced fluorescence emission throughout the entire low PO2 period. Furthermore, PO2 cycling-treated diaphragm exhibited increased fatigue resistance during prolonged low PO2 period compared to control. Thus, our data suggest that PO2 cycling mitigates diaphragm fatigue during prolonged low PO2. Although the exact mechanism for this protection remains to be elucidated, it is likely that through limiting excessive ROS levels, PO2 cycling initiates ROS-related antioxidant defenses.

  12. PO2 cycling reduces diaphragm fatigue by attenuating ROS formation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Zuo

    Full Text Available Prolonged muscle exposure to low PO2 conditions may cause oxidative stress resulting in severe muscular injuries. We hypothesize that PO2 cycling preconditioning, which involves brief cycles of diaphragmatic muscle exposure to a low oxygen level (40 Torr followed by a high oxygen level (550 Torr, can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS as well as attenuate muscle fatigue in mouse diaphragm under low PO2. Accordingly, dihydrofluorescein (a fluorescent probe was used to monitor muscular ROS production in real time with confocal microscopy during a lower PO2 condition. In the control group with no PO2 cycling, intracellular ROS formation did not appear during the first 15 min of the low PO2 period. However, after 20 min of low PO2, ROS levels increased significantly by ∼30% compared to baseline, and this increase continued until the end of the 30 min low PO2 condition. Conversely, muscles treated with PO2 cycling showed a complete absence of enhanced fluorescence emission throughout the entire low PO2 period. Furthermore, PO2 cycling-treated diaphragm exhibited increased fatigue resistance during prolonged low PO2 period compared to control. Thus, our data suggest that PO2 cycling mitigates diaphragm fatigue during prolonged low PO2. Although the exact mechanism for this protection remains to be elucidated, it is likely that through limiting excessive ROS levels, PO2 cycling initiates ROS-related antioxidant defenses.

  13. 17 CFR 232.313 - Identification of investment company type and series and/or class (or contract).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... company type and series and/or class (or contract). 232.313 Section 232.313 Commodity and Securities... FILINGS Preparation of Electronic Submissions § 232.313 Identification of investment company type and... must indicate their investment company type, based on whether the registrant's last effective...

  14. Figlina u Fažani i njezina preobrazba u kasnoj antici

    OpenAIRE

    Bulić, Davor; Koncani Uhač, Ida

    2011-01-01

    Figlina u Fažani prvi se put spominje u stručnoj literaturi početkom XX. stoljeća. Proučavanje proizvoda i njihove distribucije na tržište te pitanje vlasništva figline intenzivira se kroz zadnja tri desetljeća prošlog stoljeća. Zaštitna arheološka istraživanja (2007. - 2009.) omogućila su prikupljanje više ili manje cjelovitih podataka o mikrolokaciji radioničkog kompleksa i keramičkih proizvoda. Ovaj prilog predstavlja pokušaj sistematizacije dostupnih podataka i njihov...

  15. Environmental radiocontamination

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Andrade, S.A. de.

    1981-01-01

    Search for and determination of 226 Ra and 210 Po in the environment are dealt with. Emphasis is given to water and atmospheric air collected in uranium mines and ore milling enclosures. It is known that natural radioactive elements of 238 U and 232 Th series are found dispersed in the environment and may cause major or minor problems in living beings. The harmful effects occur by external exposure, ingestion and inhalation. Among the most important nuclides are 226 Ra and its daughters: 222 Rn, 218 Po, 214 Pb, 214 Bi, 214 Po, 210 Bi and 210 Po, all of them belonging to the uranium series. 226 Ra and 210 Po were chosen for this search due to several important factors: their half-life; the fact that they are high-energy alpha emitters; the chemical similarity of radium and calcium which may result in bone irradiation when these elements are metabolized; and the fact that 210 Po is a chemical and radioactive toxic agent for the respiratory system. Results are compared with permissible values according to national and international radiation protection rules. (I.C.R.) [pt

  16. Void reactivity feedback analysis for U-based and Th-based LWR incineration cycles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lindley, B.A.; Parks, G.T. [Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ (United Kingdom); Franceschini, F. [Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, Cranberry Township, PA (United States)

    2013-07-01

    In reduced-moderation LWRs, an external supply of transuranic (TRU) can be incinerated by mixing it with a fertile isotope ({sup 238}U or {sup 232}Th) and recycling all the actinides after each cycle. Performance is limited by coolant reactivity feedback - the moderator density coefficient (MDC) must be kept negative. The MDC is worse when more TRU is loaded, but TRU feed is also needed to maintain criticality. To assess the performance of this fuel cycle in different neutron spectra, three LWRs are considered: 'reference' PWRs and reduced-moderation PWRs and BWRs. The MDC of the equilibrium cycle is analysed by reactivity decomposition with perturbed coolant density by isotope and neutron energy. The results show that using {sup 232}Th as a fertile isotope yields superior performance to {sup 238}U. This is due essentially to the high resonance η of U bred from Th (U3), which increases the fissility of the U3-TRU isotope vector in the Th-fueled system relative to the U-fueled system, and also improves the MDC in a sufficiently hard spectrum. Spatial separation of TRU and U3 in the Th-fueled system renders further improvement by hardening the neutron spectrum in the TRU and softening it in the U3. This improves the TRU η and increases the negative MDC contribution from reduced thermal fission in U3. (authors)

  17. 24 CFR 232.590 - Eligibility of property.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Property Requirements § 232.590 Eligibility of property. (a) A loan to be...

  18. Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Pure LiFePO4 and Nanocomposite C-LiFePO4 Cathodes for Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arun Kumar

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Pure lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 and carbon-coated LiFePO4 (C-LiFePO4 cathode materials were synthesized for Li-ion batteries. Structural and electrochemical properties of these materials were compared. X-ray diffraction revealed orthorhombic olivine structure. Micro-Raman scattering analysis indicates amorphous carbon, and TEM micrographs show carbon coating on LiFePO4 particles. Ex situ Raman spectrum of C-LiFePO4 at various stages of charging and discharging showed reversibility upon electrochemical cycling. The cyclic voltammograms of LiFePO4 and C-LiFePO4 showed only a pair of peaks corresponding to the anodic and cathodic reactions. The first discharge capacities were 63, 43, and 13 mAh/g for C/5, C/3, and C/2, respectively for LiFePO4 where as in case of C-LiFePO4 that were 163, 144, 118, and 70 mAh/g for C/5, C/3, C/2, and 1C, respectively. The capacity retention of pure LiFePO4 was 69% after 25 cycles where as that of C-LiFePO4 was around 97% after 50 cycles. These results indicate that the capacity and the rate capability improved significantly upon carbon coating.

  19. (Solid + liquid) phase equilibria of (Ca(H2PO2)2 + CaCl2 + H2O) and (Ca(H2PO2)2 + NaH2PO2 + H2O) ternary systems at T = 323.15 K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cao, Hong-yu; Zhou, Huan; Bai, Xiao-qin; Ma, Ruo-xin; Tan, Li-na; Wang, Jun-min

    2016-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Solubility diagram of the (Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 + NaH 2 PO 2 + H 2 O) system at T = (323.15 and 298.15) K. - Highlights: • Phase diagrams of Ca 2+ -H 2 PO 2 − -Cl − -H 2 O, Ca 2+ -Na + -H 2 PO 2 − -H 2 O at 323.15 K were obtained. • Incompatible double salt of NaCa(H 2 PO 2 ) 3 in Ca 2+ -Na + -H 2 PO 2 − -H 2 O system was determined. • Density diagram of the corresponding liquid were simultaneously measured. - Abstract: Calcium hypophosphite has been widely used as an anti-corrosive agent, flame retardant, fertilizer, assistant for Ni electroless plating, and animal nutritional supplement. High purity calcium hypophosphite can be synthesized via the replacement reaction of sodium hypophosphite and calcium chloride. In this work, the (solid + liquid) phase equilibria of (Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 + CaCl 2 + H 2 O) and (Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 + NaH 2 PO 2 + H 2 O) ternary systems at T = 323.15 K were studied experimentally via the classical isothermal solubility equilibrium method, and the phase diagrams for these two systems were obtained. It was found that two solid salts of CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O and Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 exist in the (Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 + CaCl 2 + H 2 O) system, and three salts of Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 , NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O and one incompatible double salt, NaCa(H 2 PO 2 ) 3 occur in the (Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 + NaH 2 PO 2 + H 2 O) system.

  20. MENADŽMENT TURIZMA U NACIONALNIM PARKOVIMA

    OpenAIRE

    Jovičić, Dobrica; Ivanović, Vanja

    2004-01-01

    Obuhvaćajući, najčešće, velike i nenaseljene prostome cjeline, sa visokim stupnjem očuvanosti prirodne sredine, nacionalni parkovi spadaju među najznačajnije turističke vrijednosti, pružajući mogućnost najsvestranijeg turističkog aktiviranja. Međutim, turizam je po svojoj prirodi dinamična i disperzivna aktivnost, sklona stihiji i degradiranju prirodne sredine, ako nije dobro programski utemeljena i kontrolirana prikladnim planskim i organizacijskim mjerama. Imajući to u vidu, u radu su an...

  1. Disequilibria in the disintegration series of U and Th and chemical parameters in thermal spring waters from the Tatun volcanic area (Taiwan)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin Chunchih; Chu Tiehchi; Huang Yufen

    2003-01-01

    The activity concentrations of 238 U, 234 U, 230 Th, 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 228 Th in thermal spring waters in the Tatun volcanic area were determined. Parameters including acidity, Cl - and SO 4 2- concentrations in spring waters at the sampling sites have been investigated to allow interpretation of the migration of the radionuclides, and to elucidate the influence of these parameters on the variations of radionuclide contents. Radioactive disequilibria were found in uranium and thorium series in thermal spring waters. The contents of uranium and thorium decreased with increasing pH. The ratios of 230 Th/ 234 U, 226 Ra/ 230 Th and 228 Th/ 232 Th show significant disequilibria. The 226 Ra/ 230 Th ratio (0.60-34.8) decreased with the Cl - or SO 4 2- concentration. All 228 Th/ 232 Th ratios (1.01-9.49) deviated from unity due to the co-precipitation of 228 Ra with barium and lead sulfate. (orig.)

  2. Within the framework of the new fuel cycle 232Th/233U, determination of the 233Pa(n.γ) radiative capture cross section for neutron energies ranging between 0 and 1 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boyer, S.

    2004-10-01

    The Thorium cycle Th 232 /U 233 may face brilliant perspectives through advanced concepts like molten salt reactors or accelerator driven systems but it lacks accurate nuclear data concerning some nuclei. Pa 233 is one of these nuclei, its high activity makes the direct measurement of its radiative neutron capture cross-section almost impossible. This difficulty has been evaded by considering the transfer reaction Th 232 (He 3 ,p)Pa 234 * in which the Pa 234 nucleus is produced in various excited states according to the amount of energy available in the reaction. The first chapter deals with the thorium cycle and its assets to contribute to the quenching of the fast growing world energy demand. The second chapter gives a detailed description of the experimental setting. A scintillation detector based on deuterated benzene (C 6 D 6 ) has been used to counter gamma ray cascades. The third chapter is dedicated to data analysis. In the last chapter we compare our experimental results with ENDF and JENDL data and with computed values from 2 statistical models in the 0-1 MeV neutron energy range. Our results disagree clearly with evaluated data: our values are always above ENDF and JENDL data but tend to near computed values. We have also perform the measurement of the radiative neutron cross-section of Pa 231 for a 110 keV neutron: σ(n,γ) 2.00 ± 0.14 barn. (A.C.)

  3. 48 CFR 52.232-35 - Designation of Office for Government Receipt of Electronic Funds Transfer Information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... Government Receipt of Electronic Funds Transfer Information. 52.232-35 Section 52.232-35 Federal Acquisition... of Office for Government Receipt of Electronic Funds Transfer Information (MAY 1999) (a) As provided... CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.232-35 Designation of Office for Government Receipt of...

  4. Intercomparison of radionuclide measurements in marine sediment sample IAEA-135

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ballestra, S.; Gastaud, J.; Lopez, J.J.; Parsi, P.; Vas, D.

    1993-08-01

    The results of an intercomparison exercise on a marine sediment from Irish Sea, IAEA-135, designed for the determination of artificial and natural radionuclides levels, are reported. The data from 151 laboratories representing 51 countries have been evaluated. The following are the recommended values, with confidence intervals, for 40 K, 60 Co, 134 Cs, 137 Cs, 154 Eu, 155 Eu, 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 232 Th, 238 Pu, 239+240 Pu (Reference date: 1 January 1992). Information values for 57 Co, 90 Sr, 106 Ru, 125 Sb, 210 Pb, 210 Po, 228 Th, 230 Th, 234 U, 235 U, 238 U and 241 Am are also reported. All values are expressed in Bq kg -1 dry weight. (author)

  5. Intercomparison of radionuclide measurements on marine sediment sample IAEA-300

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ballestra, S.; Gastaud, J.; Lopez, J.J.; Parsi, P.; Vas, D.

    1994-09-01

    The results of an intercomparison exercise on a sediment from Baltic Sea, IAEA-300, designed for the determination of artificial and natural radionuclides' levels, are reported. The data from 159 laboratories representing 51 countries have been evaluated. The following are the recommended values, with confidence intervals, 40 K, 60 Co, 125 Sb, 134 Cs, 137 Cs, 155 Eu, 210 Pb, 210 Po, 228 Ra, 234 U, 238 U, 239+240 Pu and 241 Am. Information values for 54 Mn, 90 Sr, 226 Ra, 228 Th, 230 Th, 232 Th, 235 U and 238 Pu are also reported. All values are given on the reference date of 1 January 1993 and expressed in Bq kg -1 dry weight. (author)

  6. Density functional theory study of lithium diffusion at the interface between olivine-type LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Jianjian; Wang, Zhiguo; Qing Fu, Yong

    2016-12-01

    Coating LiMnPO4 with a thin layer of LiFePO4 shows a better electrochemical performance than the pure LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4, thus it is critical to understand Li diffusion at their interfaces to improve the performance of electrode materials. Li diffusion at the (1 0 0)\\text{LiFeP{{\\text{O}}4}} //(1 0 0)\\text{LiMnP{{\\text{O}}4}} , (0 1 0)\\text{LiFeP{{\\text{O}}4}} //(0 1 0)\\text{LiMnP{{\\text{O}}4}} , and (0 0 1)\\text{LiFeP{{\\text{O}}4}} //(0 0 1)\\text{LiMnP{{\\text{O}}4}} interfaces between LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 was investigated using density functional theory. The calculated diffusion energy barriers are 0.55 eV for Li to diffuse along the (0 0 1) interface, 0.44 and 0.49 eV for the Li diffusion inside the LiMnPO4 and along the (1 0 0) interface, respectively. When Li diffuses from the LiFePO4 to LiMnPO4 by passing through the (0 1 0) interfaces, the diffusion barriers are 0.45 and 0.60 eV for the Li diffusions in both sides. The diffusion barriers for Li to diffuse in LiMnPO4 near the interfaces decrease compared with those in the pure LiMnPO4. The calculated diffusion coefficient of Li along the (1 0 0) interface is in the range of 3.65  ×  10-11-5.28  ×  10-12 cm2 s-1, which is larger than that in the pure LiMnPO4 with a value of 7.5  ×  10-14 cm2 s-1. Therefore, the charging/discharging rate performance of the LiMnPO4 can be improved by surface coating with the LiFePO4.

  7. Measurement of the neutron capture cross-section of 232Th using the neutron activation technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Naik, H.; Singh, Sarbjit; Goswami, A.; Manchanda, V.K.; Prajapati, P.M.; Surayanarayana, S.V.; Nayak, B.K.; Sharma, S.C.; Jagadeesan, K.C.; Thakare, S.V.; Raj, D.; Ganesan, S.; Mulik, V.K.; Sivashankar, B.S.; Mukherjee, S.

    2011-01-01

    The 232 Th(n, γ) reaction cross-section at average neutron energies of 3.7±0.3 MeV and 9.85±0.38 MeV from the 7 Li(p, n) reaction has been determined for the first time using activation and off-line γ -ray spectrometric technique. The 232 Th(n, 2n) reaction cross-section at the average neutron energy of 9.85±0.38 MeV has been also determined using the same technique. The experimentally determined 232 Th(n, γ) and 232 Th(n, 2n) reaction cross-sections were compared with the evaluated data of ENDF/B-VII, JENDL-4.0 and JEFF-3.1 and were found to be in good agreement. The present data along with literature data in a wide range of neutron energies were interpreted in terms of competition between different reaction channels including fission. The 232 Th(n, γ) and 232 Th(n, 2n) reaction cross-sections were also calculated theoretically using the TALYS 1.2 computer code and were found to be slightly higher than the experimental data. (orig.)

  8. Contribution of some food categories on intakes of U, Th and other nuclides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shiraishi, Kunio

    1999-01-01

    The assessment of radiation dose in human from radioactive 232 Th, 238 U, 137 Cs, and 90 Sr are important because those nuclides are the largest contributors to committed internal doses. A market basket study was conducted to clarify the food pathways of the nuclides in Japanese subjects. Foodstuffs of 336 were purchased from markets in the vicinity of Mito-City during 1994-1995. Statistical consumption data were used for collection of the food samples. Thorium-232, 238 U, and stable isotope ( 133 Cs) in eighteen food groups were determined by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Radioisotopes ( 137 Cs) was analyzed by γ-spectrometry. Stable strontium ( 88 Sr) was also analyzed by inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Big contributors to the nuclide intakes in Japanese were as follows: 232 Th fishes and shellfishes (44%) and green vegetables (11%); 238 U seaweeds (50%) and fishes and shellfishes (26%); 88 Sr seaweeds (53%) and fishes and shellfishes (14%); 137 Cs mushrooms (17%), fishes and shell fishes (15%), milk products (11%), meats (9%), and potatoes (7%). The food categories of oil and fats, eggs and cooked meals were minor contributors in those nuclides. Dietary intake studies by using eighteen or more food categories should be effective procedure to resolve critical food and critical pathway for Japanese. Furthermore, critical pathways of radionuclides could be estimated by the analyses of stable isotopes. (author)

  9. Conversion of highly enriched uranium in thorium-232 based oxide fuel for light water reactors: MOX-T fuel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vapirev, E; Jordanov, T; Khristoskov, I [Sofia Univ. (Bulgaria). Fizicheski Fakultet

    1996-12-31

    The possibility of using highly enriched uranium available from military inventories for production of mixed oxide fuel (MOX) has been proposed. The fuel is based on U-235 dioxide as fissile isotope and Th-232 dioxide as a non-fissile isotope. It is shown that although the fuel conversion coefficient to U-233 is expected to be less than 1, the proposed fuel has several important advantages resulting in cost reduction of the nuclear fuel cycle. The expected properties of MOX fuel (cross-sections, generated chains, delayed neutrons) are estimated. Due to fuel generation the initial enrichment is expected to be 1% less for production of the same energy. In contrast to traditional fuel no long living actinides are generated which reduces the disposal and reprocessing cost. 7 refs.

  10. Gamma-Dose rate above uranium mineralization areas in western sudan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sam, A.K; Sirelkhatim, D.A; Hassona, R.K.

    2003-01-01

    Absorbed dose rate received from natural external irradiation in uranium mineralisation areas at Uro, Kurun and Jebel Mun was evaluated from the measured activity concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K in rock samples.The analyses were performed using alpha-spectrometry and high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. A great spatial variability was observed in activity concentration of the primordial radionuclides indicating complexity in geological features. Converses to Jebel Mun, Uro and Kurun deposits exhibit very high U:Th mass ratio. The resulting absorbed dose rate in air as estimated using DRCF's fall within the range of 70-522 (Mun), 569-349 (Uro) and 84-320 n Gy/h (Kurun). At maximum, they correspond to annual effective dose of 0.64, 7.78 and 0.39 mSv, respectively. Uranium is the principal producer of the surface radioactivity at Uro and Kurun as it contributes 99.6% and 95% of the total absorbed dose whereas, in Jebel Mun the cause of radioactive anomaly is due to 40 K and 232 Th. In Uro and Kurun deposits, daughter/parent activity ratios along uranium series, Viz. 234 U: 238 U, 230 Th:U, 210 Po:U, are not differ from the equilibrium value of unity.(Author)

  11. 24 CFR 232.595 - Eligibility of title.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Title § 232.595 Eligibility of title. In order for the property which is to be...

  12. Assessment of 210Po in foodstuffs consumed in Korea

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chang Woo Lee; Mun Ja Kang; Wanno Lee; Geun Sik Choi; Young Hyun Cho; Hee Reyoung Kim; Kun Ho Chung

    2009-01-01

    210 Po in the daily diet in Korea was analyzed and the ingestion dose from an intake of 210 Po was estimated by considering the dietary habit of a Korean person. The 210 Po concentrations of a leafy vegetable (0.36 Bq x kg -1 for lettuce) in the terrestrial food were higher than those of grain, whereas Chinese cabbage had a lesser 210 Po concentration (0.019 Bq x kg -1 ). The 210 Po concentration of the animal product was similar to those detected in the grain and vegetable. The 210 Po concentrations in the shell and crustaceous were high from 19.1 to 33.0 Bq x kg -1 , however, its value fell in the overall range of the reported values. The effective dose from 210 Po for an adult from the Korean population was about 269.4 μSv x y -1 . Nearly 80% of the ingestion dose from the intake of 210 Po was attributed to the consumption of seafood. It suggests that the marine food ingestion is a critical pathway for natural 210 Po to the Korean population. (author)

  13. 48 CFR 252.232-7005 - Reimbursement of subcontractor advance payments-DoD pilot mentor-protege program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... subcontractor advance payments-DoD pilot mentor-protege program. 252.232-7005 Section 252.232-7005 Federal... subcontractor advance payments—DoD pilot mentor-protege program. As prescribed in 232.412-70(c), use the following clause: Reimbursement of Subcontractor Advance Payments—DoD Pilot Mentor-Protege Program (SEP 2001...

  14. Vibrational modes of deuterium in KD2PO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mizoguchi, Kohji; Agui, Akane; Tominaga, Yasunori; Nakai, Yusuke; Ikeda, Susumu.

    1993-01-01

    In order to study the deuteration effect in hydrogen-bonded compounds such as KH 2 PO 4 , hydrogen and deuterium modes in KH 2 PO 4 and K(D x H 1-x ) 2 PO 4 (x = 95 %) were investigated by means of inelastic neutron-scattering measurements over a wide energy range. By comparing Raman spectra of KH 2 PO 4 and KD 2 PO 4 with neutron-scattering spectra, the vibrational modes of deuterium and those of PO 4 tetrahedrons in the energy range of 30 < ε < 150 meV have been investigated. At least two deuterium modes have been found at 87 meV and 106 meV. (author)

  15. Investigation of the 232Th neutron cross-sections in resonance energy range

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grigoriev, Yu.V.; Kitaev, V.Ya.; Sinitsa, V.V.; Zhuravlev, B.V.; Borzakov, S.B.; Faikov-Stanchik, H.; Ilchev, G.L.; Panteleev, Ts.Ts.; Kim, G.N.

    2001-01-01

    The alternative path in the development of atomic energy is the uranium-thorium cycle. In connection with this, the measurements of the 232 Th neutron capture and total cross-sections and its resonance self-shielding coefficients in resonance energy range are necessary because of their low accuracy. In this work, the results of the investigations of the thorium-232 neutron cross-sections are presented. The measurements have been carried out on the gamma-ray multisection liquid detector and neutron detector as a battery of boron counters on the 120 m flight path of the pulsed fast reactor IBR-30. As the filter samples were used the metallic disks of various thickness and diameter of 45 mm. Two plates from metallic thorium with thickness of 0.2 mm and with the square of 4.5x4.5 cm 2 were used as the radiator samples. The group neutron total and capture cross-sections within the accuracy of 2-7% in the energy range of (10 eV-10 keV) were obtained from the transmissions and the sum spectra of g-rays from the fourth multiplicity to the seventh one. The neutron capture group cross-sections of 238 U were used as the standard for obtaining of thorium ones. Analogous values were calculated on the GRUCON code with the ENDF/B-6, JENDL-3 evaluated data libraries. Within the limits of experimental errors an agreement between the experiment and calculation is observed, but in some groups the experimental values are larger than the calculated ones. (author)

  16. Unconventional Magnetism and Band Gap Formation in LiFePO4: Consequence of Polyanion Induced Non-planarity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jena, Ajit; Nanda, B R K

    2016-01-21

    Oxygen plays a critical role in strongly correlated transition metal oxides as crystal field effect is one of the key factors that determine the degree of localization of the valence d/f states. Based on the localization, a set of conventional mechanisms such as Mott-Hubbard, Charge-transfer and Slater were formulated to explain the antiferromagnetic and insulating (AFI) phenomena in many of these correlated systems. From the case study on LiFePO4, through density-functional calculations, we demonstrate that none of these mechanisms are strictly applicable to explain the AFI behavior when the transition metal oxides have polyanions such as (PO4)(3-). The symmetry-lowering of the metal-oxygen complex, to stabilize the polyanion, creates an asymmetric crystal field for d/f states. In LiFePO4 this field creates completely non-degenerate Fe-d states which, with negligible p-d and d-d covalent interactions, become atomically localized to ensure a gap at the Fermi level. Due to large exchange splitting, high spin state is favored and an antiferromagnetic configuration is stabilized. For the prototype LiFePO4, independent electron approximation is good enough to obtain the AFI ground state. Inclusion of additional correlation measures like Hubbard U simply amplifies the gap and therefore LiFePO4 can be preferably called as weakly coupled Mott insulator.

  17. Nondestructive analysis of RA reactor fuel burnup, Program for burnup calculation base on relative yield of {sup 106}Ru, {sup 134}Cs and {sup 137}Cs in the irradiated fuel; Nedestruktivno odredjivanje izgaranja goriva reaktora RA, Program za izracunavanje izgaranja na osnovu relativne zastupljenosti {sup 106}Ru, {sup 134}Cs i {sup 137}Cs u ozracenom gorivu

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bulovic, V F [Institute of nuclear sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Yugoslavia)

    1971-07-01

    Burnup of low enriched metal uranium fuel of the RA reactor is described by two chain reactions. Energy balance and material changes in the fuel are described by systems of differential equations. Numerical integration of these equations is base on the the reactor operation data. Neutron flux and percent of Uranium-235 or more frequently yield of epithermal neutrons in the neutron flux, is determined by iteration from the measured contents of {sup 106}Ru, {sup 134}Cs and {sup 137}Cs in the irradiated fuel. The computer program was written in FORTRAN-IV. Burnup is calculated by using the measured activities of fission products. Burnup results are absolute values. Sagorevanje maloobogacenog uranskog metalnog goriva reaktora RA je opisano dvema lancanim reakcijama. Energetski bilans i materijalne promene u gorivu su opisane sistemima diferencijalnih jednacina. Numericka integracija jednacina se vrsi na osnovu podataka u dinamici rada reaktora. Fluks reaktorskih neutrona i procenat urana-235 ili ucesce epitermalnih neutrona u fluksu, odredjuje se iterativno na osnovu izmerenog sadrzaja {sup 106}Ru, {sup 134}Cs i {sup 137}Cs u ozracenom gorivu. Program je napisan u FORTRAN-u IV u jednom bloku, bez podprograma. Izracunavanje izgaranja je zasnovano na izmerenim kolicnicima aktivnosti fisionih produkata. Rezultati izgaranja imaju apsolutni karakter (author)

  18. Temporal changes of 210Po in temperate coastal waters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wildgust, M.A.; White, K.N.; McDonald, P.

    1998-01-01

    The temporal variation of Polonium-210 ( 210 Po) was examined in coastal sea water, the mussel Mytilus edulis, the winkle Littorina littorea and green algae Ulva lactuca in order to investigate the entry of 210 Po into the marine food chain. More than 99% of 210 Po in the water column occurred in the particulate phase. Dissolved 210 Po concentrations peaked during the spring phytoplankton bloom and it is suggested this is related to preferential scavenging of 210 Po by the increased numbers of bacteria, viruses and small dissolved particulates. Changes in L. Littorea 210 Po specific activity are thought not to be related to food, but to a drop in body weight following spawning. Much of the 210 Po accumulated by M. edulis was located in the digestive gland. The specific activity of 210 Po in the digestive gland of M. edulis was shown to be strongly correlated with changes in sea water suspended particulate specific activity. Examination of other trace metal (Ag, Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni Sb, Se, Sn and Zn) variations in the digestive gland revealed that class B and borderline metals had a strong positive correlation with 210 Po. On-going work is investigating whether the accumulation and loss of 210 Po is affected by the presence of metallothioneins

  19. Temporal changes of 210Po in temperate coastal waters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wildgust, M A; McDonald, P; White, K N

    1998-06-18

    The temporal variation of Polonium-210 (210Po) was examined in coastal sea water, the mussel Mytilus edulis, the winkle Littorina littorea and green alga Ulva lactuca in order to investigate the entry of 210Po into the marine food chain. More than 99% of 210Po in the water column occurred in the particulate phase. Dissolved 210Po concentrations peaked during the spring phytoplankton bloom and it is suggested this is related to preferential scavenging of 210Po by the increased numbers of bacteria, viruses and small dissolved particulates. Changes in L. littorea 210Po specific activity are thought not to be related to food, but to a drop in body weight following spawning. Much of the 210Po accumulated by M. edulis was located in the digestive gland. The specific activity of 210Po in the digestive gland of M. edulis was shown to be strongly correlated with changes in sea water suspended particulate specific activity. Examination of other trace metal (Ag, Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn and Zn) variations in the digestive gland revealed that class B and borderline metals had a strong positive correlation with 210Po. On-going work is investigating whether the accumulation and loss of 210Po is affected by the presence of metallothioneins.

  20. RbCuFe(PO42

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mongi Ben Amara

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available A new iron phosphate, rubidium copper(II iron(III bis(phosphate, RbCuFe(PO42, has been synthesized as single crystals by the flux method. This compound is isostructural with KCuFe(PO42 [Badri et al. (2011, J. Solid State Chem. 184, 937–944]. Its structure is built up from Cu2O8 units of edge-sharing CuO5 polyhedra, interconnected by FeO6 octahedra through common corners to form undulating chains that extend infinitely along the [011] and [01-1] directions. The linkage of such chains is ensured by the PO4 tetraedra and the resulting three-dimensional framework forms quasi-elliptic tunnels parallel to the [101] direction in which the Rb+ cations are located.

  1. Effect of Phosphate Salts (Na3PO4, Na2HPO4, and NaH2PO4) on Ag3PO4 Morphology for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation under Visible Light and Toxicity of the Degraded Dye Products

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Amornpitoksuk, P; Intarasuwan, K; Suwanboon, S; Baltrusaitis, Jonas

    2013-01-01

    Ag3PO4 was synthesized by the precipitation method using three different types of phosphate salts (Na3PO4, Na2HPO4, and NaH2PO4) as a precipitating agent. Hydrolysis of each phosphate salt gave a specific pH that affected the purity and morphology of the prepared Ag3PO4. The Ag3PO4 prepared from

  2. 42 CFR 414.232 - Special payment rules for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... nerve stimulators (TENS). 414.232 Section 414.232 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... Special payment rules for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS). (a) General payment rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, payment for TENS is made on a purchase basis with...

  3. Aspects on the analysis of 210Po.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Henricsson, F; Ranebo, Y; Holm, E; Roos, P

    2011-05-01

    There has been little development regarding analysis of polonium (Po) in environmental samples since the 1960 ies. This is due to the straightforward spontaneous deposition of this element on silver (Ag), nickel (Ni) or copper (Cu) without any radiochemical separation. For many years, no radiochemical yield determinant was used and it was generally supposed that the yield was 100% after two depositions. Counting was often done using ZnS scintillation counter coupled to a photomultiplier tube. However, the use of the yield determinants (208)Po and (209)Po and the development of alpha spectrometry showed that the yield was lower. Furthermore, the tendency of Po to volatilize at low temperatures constrains the sample preparation techniques; dry-ashing cannot be used. But during the wet-ashing procedure, there are still some losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Po losses during wet-ashing by the use of a double-tracer technique. We have found that the losses were about 30% when open glass beakers were used and about 17% when the samples were digested in microwave oven. When long-necked bottles (Kjeldahl flasks) were used, a loss of about 20% was registered. It has also been observed that (210)Pb to some extent is plating out together with its daughter nuclide Po during the electrochemical deposition. This will result in a systematic error since an unknown amount of supported (210)Po will be produced from the (210)Pb decay depending on the fraction of (210)Pb being deposited on the disc and the waiting time between deposition and measurement of the sample. A further consequence of this is that in the assessment of the (210)Pb content in the sample, very often the remaining liquid is stored after deposition for build-up of (210)Po. Since some (210)Pb is lost on the disc, the result for (210)Pb will be too low. Both these systematic errors give rise to a too high (210)Po/(210)Pb ratio. The fraction of (210)Pb which is plating out has been assessed in this

  4. 46 CFR 232.3 - Chart of accounts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... stated in any revision to generally accepted accounting principles, the meaning of the latter shall... UNIFORM FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS § 232.3 Chart of accounts. (a) Purpose of accounts. A contractor shall use this chart of accounts as a guide for preparing the financial statements and for other...

  5. Rate-dependent, Li-ion insertion/deinsertion behavior of LiFePO4 cathodes in commercial 18650 LiFePO4 cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Qi; He, Hao; Li, Zhe-Fei; Liu, Yadong; Ren, Yang; Lu, Wenquan; Lu, Jun; Stach, Eric A; Xie, Jian

    2014-03-12

    We have performed operando synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) to obtain nonintrusive, real-time monitoring of the dynamic chemical and structural changes in commercial 18650 LiFePO4/C cells under realistic cycling conditions. The results indicate a nonequilibrium lithium insertion and extraction in the LiFePO4 cathode, with neither the LiFePO4 phase nor the FePO4 phase maintaining a static composition during lithium insertion/extraction. On the basis of our observations, we propose that the LiFePO4 cathode simultaneously experiences both a two-phase reaction mechanism and a dual-phase solid-solution reaction mechanism over the entire range of the flat voltage plateau, with this dual-phase solid-solution behavior being strongly dependent on charge/discharge rates. The proposed dual-phase solid-solution mechanism may explain the remarkable rate capability of LiFePO4 in commercial cells.

  6. Žene i rad u suvremenom društvu – značaj “orodnjenog” rada

    OpenAIRE

    Galić, Branka

    2011-01-01

    Promjene na poslu i obitelji daju zamaha promjenama u rodnim odnosima i obrnuto. Upravo kao što se životi žena i muškaraca mijenjaju, mijenjaju se i odnosi na tržištu rada i u obitelji. Ulazak žena na tržište rada kasnog 20. i početka 21. stoljeća značajno je pogodilo globalnu ekonomiju i označio početak procesa feminizacije rada širom globusa. Međutim, upliv žena u javnu sferu rada nije rezultirao socioekonomskim jednakostima između dviju rodnih grupa, muškaraca i žena. Različiti autori ukaz...

  7. The determination of 210Po in urine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bale, W.F.; Helmkamp, R.W.; Hrynyszyn, V.; Contreras, M.A.

    1975-01-01

    To measure 210 Po present in normal human urine a technique was developed in which a 4.5 x 11cm silver foil was shaken at room temperature for 48-hr periods in each of two successive volumes of 1.7 l. of urine acidified to 0.5N with HCl. Alpha rays were counted with an ionization chamber, coupled to a vibrating reed electrometer, and capable of measuring α-ray pulses originating on both sides of the silver foil serving as a central electrode. The background α-count was less than 2/hr. Analyses of human urine spiked with 0.29 to 0.58pCi of 210 Po, together with studies of urine from dogs carrying significant body burdens of 210 Pb, indicated that the average recovery of added 210 Po from 1.7 l. volumes of spiked human urine was 72%. If it is assumed that the same percentage of 210 Po is extracted from non-spiked urine, then the average 210 Po concentration found in 13 analyses of 2 x 1.7 l. samples from 26 different pools of fresh human urine was 0.023pCi/l. Substantial additional 210 Po was generated on short aging of the urine through radioactive decay of excreted 210 Bi. (author)

  8. 40 CFR 86.232-94 - Vehicle preconditioning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Vehicle preconditioning. 86.232-94... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium...

  9. A study on physical characteristics of supercritical light - water reactor loaded with (232U-238Th-238U) oxide fuel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kulikov, E. G.; Shmelev, A. N.; Apse, V. A.; Kulikov, G. G.

    2007-01-01

    The attractiveness of using (U-Th)-fuel in supercritical light water reactor is considered. The dilution of 2 33U in 2 38U is proposed with the purpose of increasing non-proliferation of this fissile isotope. Comparison of different fuel compositions is accomplished from the point of view of fissile isotope breeding and achieved burn-up; parasitic neutron absorption cross-sections are also compared. It is analyzed the impact for neutron balance of both cladding materials: zirconium alloy and stainless steel

  10. 210Po behaviour in terrestrial environment: a review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coppin, F.; Roussel-Debet, S.

    2004-01-01

    This bibliographical review illustrates the behaviour of 210 polonium in the terrestrial environment. Sources of 210 Po in the atmosphere vary especially with the geographical localization and the occurrence or the absence of mining activities. In soils, polonium, because of its atmospheric origin, is concentrated in the first upper centimeters. 210 Po is rather immobile and adsorbed on mineral surfaces; it can (co)precipitate with metallic (oxi)hydroxides or in the form of sulphide. The main transfer pathway of 210 Po to vegetation is foliar deposit, which is not, or only slightly, followed by incorporation or translocation. 210 Po is transferred to animals mainly by ingestion, with relatively high transfer factors. In fresh waters, 210 Po is generally immobile in the form of insoluble Po(IV) and/or associated with the particulate or colloidal phase. Plankton, invertebrates and fish concentrate the 210 Po, especially in soft tissues. Polonium, which is an omnipresent natural radionuclide, is likely to occasion a significant exposure to man, compared with other natural or artificial radioisotopes. Nearly all studies derive from in situ measurements and are very descriptive, therefore experimental work aiming at a better knowledge and modeling of its behaviour in the terrestrial environment would be useful. (author)

  11. 27 CFR 24.232 - Gauge of spirits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS WINE Spirits § 24.232 Gauge of spirits. (a) If the spirits to be used are in a spirits storage tank on bonded wine premises, or are received immediately prior to use from a distilled spirits plant not adjacent or contiguous to bonded wine premises, the proprietor shall determine...

  12. Determination of natural radionuclides from 238U and 232Th series, trace and major elements in sediment cores from baixada Santista and evaluation of impacted areas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Damatto, Sandra Regina

    2010-01-01

    Baixada Santista is the region of higher population of the coast of Sao Paulo State, where it is located the largest port in Latin America, in the city of Santos, and the most important industrial complex of Latin America, in the city of Cubatao. This region has received in recent years a considerable load of industrial and domestic effluents in its water bodies, as a direct result of the industrial and port activities and the large population growth in recent decades, and is considered nowadays highly impacted. In the present study sediment cores were collected in the estuary of Santos-Cubatao, in the estuary of Sao Vicente, in the channel of Bertioga and Santos Bay, in order to determine the concentration of trace and major elements and natural radionuclides from the 238 U and 232 Th series. The techniques used were neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence and gamma spectrometry, respectively. The obtained values for the elements Cr, Sb, Ta and Zn in some cores, are higher than data from literature, and can indicate a possible anthropic contribution. Comparing the obtained values of Cr and Zn elements determined in the sediment cores with the values of TEL and PEL index for sediment quality, it was verified that the studied region presents Cr levels higher than TEL in Santos-Cubatao estuary and Bertioga channel and Zn element presented values higher than TEL for some core slices of Santos-Cubatao estuary, for one core of Sao Vicente estuary, one core in Bertioga channel and Santos Bay. For the other elements, the values obtained in this study can be considered as reference values for the region. Although the element As presented higher values than the TEL in all the studied environments, the concentrations obtained are of the same order of magnitude as literature data and, therefore, can be considered also as reference values for the region. No enrichment was found for the major elements in all the ecosystems studied, with the exception for the element P

  13. Radioactive {sup 210}Po in magnesium supplements

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Struminska-Parulska, Dagmara Ida [Gdansk Univ. (Poland). Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry Chair

    2016-08-01

    The aim of this pioneer study was to determine polonium {sup 210}Po in the most popular magnesium supplements in Poland and estimate the possible related dose assessment to the consumers. The analyzed magnesium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic magnesium compounds; some from natural sources. The objectives of this research were to investigate the naturally occurring {sup 210}Po activity concentrations in magnesium supplements, find the correlations between {sup 210}Po concentration in medicament and magnesium chemical form, and calculate the effective radiation dose connected to analyzed magnesium supplement consumption. The highest {sup 210}Po activity concentrations were determined in mineral tablets made from sedimentary rocks, namely dolomite - 3.84 ± 0.15 mBq g{sup -1} (sample Mg17). The highest annual radiation dose from {sup 210}Po taken with 1 tablet of magnesium supplement per day or with 400 mg of pure Mg daily would come from sample Mg17 (dolomite) - 1.35 ± 0.5 and 8.44 ± 0.33 μSv year{sup -1} respectively.

  14. Topotactic insertion of lithium in the layered structure Li4VO(PO4)2: The tunnel structure Li5VO(PO4)2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Satya Kishore, M.; Pralong, V.; Caignaert, V.; Malo, S.; Hebert, S.; Varadaraju, U.V.; Raveau, B.

    2008-01-01

    A new V(III) lithium phosphate Li 5 VO(PO 4 ) 2 has been synthesized by electrochemical insertion of lithium into Li 4 VO(PO 4 ) 2 . This phase, which crystallizes in the space group I4/mcm, exhibits a tunnel structure closely related to the layered structure of Li 4 VO(PO 4 ) 2 and to the tunnel structure of VO(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 . The topotactic reactions that take place during lithium exchange and intercalation, starting from VO(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 and going to the final phase Li 5 VO(PO 4 ) 2 are explained on the basis of the flexible coordinations of V 4+ and V 3+ species. The electrochemical and magnetic properties of this new phase are also presented and explained on the basis of the structure dimensionality. - Graphical abstract: Electrochemical synthesis of a new 3D V(III) lithium phosphate, Li 5 VO(PO 4 ) 2 . Starting from the 2D Li 4 VO(PO 4 ) 2 , the topotactic reaction that take place during lithium intercalation is explained on the basis of the flexible coordinations of V 4+ and V 3+ species

  15. Sistem Informasi Pada Perusahaan Otobus (Po) Waspada Bengkulu Berbasis Web

    OpenAIRE

    -, Khairil; Koesoemanegara, Eddy

    2011-01-01

    Web Sistem Informasi pada PO. Waspada Bengkulu berguna sebagai pusat informasi dan sarana promosi untuk mempilkan profil Perusahaan dan juga untuk menawarkan produk dan pelayanan yang ditawarkan oleh PO. Waspada. Sistem informasi ini ditujukan agar PO. Waspada lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat dan akhirnya dapat meningkatkan jumlah penumpang yang menggunakan jasa PO. Waspada Bengkulu.Web Sistem Informasi PO. Waspada Bengkulu dikembangkan menggunakan web editor Adobe Dreamweaver dengan web promgra...

  16. Activity concentration of radionuclides in plants in the environment of western Ghats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manigandan, P. K.

    2009-01-01

    A field study on the transfer of primordial radionuclides 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K and fallout radionuclides 210 Po in different plant species in tropical forest of western Ghats environment is presented. Material and Methods: The Top storey, Second storey, Shrubs and epiphytic plant species were chosen and concentration of these radionuclides in plant and soil were measured by employing gamma ray spectrometer and alpha counter. Results: The concentration ratio shows the variation in different species while a wild plant Elaeocarpus oblongus and epiphytic plants indicated preferential uptake of these radionuclides. Conclusion: The dust trapped in the root system of. epiphytic plants could be used as bio indicator to monitor fallout radionuclides in the Western Ghats. The concentration of 232 Th and 40 K in leaves depends on the age of the leaves.

  17. Sol–gel synthesis and electrochemical properties of 9LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode material for lithium ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhong Shengkui; Wu Ling; Liu Jiequn

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Nano-sized 9LiFePO 4 ·Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C powders are prepared by a sol–gel method. ► Mutual doping in 9LiFePO 4 ·Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C can improve its electronic conductivity. ► The addition of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 can improve the ionic diffusivity of LiFePO 4 . ► LiFePO 4 , Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and LiFePO 4 –Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 unit cells coexist in the composite. - Abstract: 9LiFePO 4 ·Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composite cathode material is prepared by a sol–gel method, using ferric citrate, V 2 O 5 , Li 2 CO 3 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and citric acid as raw materials. The composite material is composed of the olivine LiFePO 4 and monoclinic Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phases. XRD results indicate that most of the iron and vanadium in the raw materials tend to form the LiFePO 4 and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phases, and only small amounts of Fe and V as the dopants enter into the lattice of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and LiFePO 4 , respectively. The electronic conductivity and Li + diffusion coefficient of 9LiFePO 4 ·Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C are 6.615 × 10 −3 S cm −1 and ∼10 −10 cm 2 s −1 , which are three orders of magnitude and one order of magnitude larger than those of the LiFePO 4 /C, respectively. The composite material shows a first discharge specific capacity of 131.3 mAh g −1 and capacity retention of 95.1% after 200 cycles at 10 C rate. Compared with the LiFePO 4 /C, its rate capability and cycle performance are both remarkably improved.

  18. Preliminary study of the preparation of uranium 232 by irradiation of protactinium 231; Etude preliminaire a la preparation d'uranium 232 par irradiation de protactinium 231

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guillot, Ph. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1965-07-01

    A bibliography about preparation of uranium 232 is done. This even-even isotope of uranium is suitable for radioactive tracer, neutron source through {alpha},n reaction and heat source applications. The irradiation of protactinium 231, the chemical separation and the purification of uranium are studied. (author) [French] Une etude bibliographique de la preparation d'uranium 232 a ete effectuee. Cet isotope pair-pair de l'uranium peut etre utilise en tant que traceur, source d'energie et source de neutrons, lorsqu'il est melange a un element leger tel le beryllium. Une etude du taux de formation des isotopes produits, lors de l'irradiation du protactinium 231 - une des manieres d'obtenir l'uranium 232 - a ete faite a l'aide d'un programme passe sur ordinateur. Les problemes poses par la separation chimique et la purification de l'uranium ont ete egalement envisages dans ce rapport. (auteur)

  19. 24 CFR 232.610 - Certification of cost requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certification of cost requirements... ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES Eligibility Requirements-Supplemental Loans To Finance Purchase and Installation of Fire Safety Equipment Cost Certification Requirements § 232.610 Certification of cost requirements...

  20. Corruption in Conflict: Lessons from the U.S. Experience in Afghanistan

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-09-01

    United States Toll- free : 866-329-8893 DSN: 312-664-0378 All voicemail is in English and answered during business hours. By fax: 703-601-4065 By email...efforts: Chiang Kai-shek’s counterinsurgency against Mao Zedong in China, the British counterinsurgency in Malaysia , and the U.S.-trained South...accept abuse of power, corruption, or marginalization.”232 Similar messages were appearing across the U.S. government. In his 2009 speech on the Af

  1. Determination of the activity of the uranium isotopes U-234, U-235 and U-238 in environmental samples by alpha spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kromphorn, G.

    1996-02-01

    Different materials containing urandium are regularly investigated in the Laboratory for Environmental Radioactivity of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) with respect to the activity of the uranium isotopes ( 234 U, 235 U, and 238 U). Moreover for reasons of quality assurance, the PTB takes part in international comparisons where also uranium contents are to be determined in environmental samples and in the framework of which reference materials can be certified. Finally in national comparisons the PTB has the task to determine values of the specific activity for the different isotopes which can play the role of nominal (orientation) values. The single steps of uranium analyses are described after a compilation of the most important data of the uranium isotopes contained in natural uranium: The use of 232 U as tracer, the chemical separation analytics, the production of α-sources and the measuring methods. Analyses of a soil sample and a waste water sample with respect to their specific uranium activity have been chosen as examples of a practical application. (orig.) [de

  2. 24 CFR 232.850 - Notice of default.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Notice of default. 232.850 Section....850 Notice of default. (a) If the default is not cured within the 30 day grace period, as defined in... default. (b) The lender shall give notice in writing to the Commissioner of the failure of the borrower to...

  3. Benchmark testing calculations for 232Th

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Ping

    2003-01-01

    The cross sections of 232 Th from CNDC and JENDL-3.3 were processed with NJOY97.45 code in the ACE format for the continuous-energy Monte Carlo Code MCNP4C. The K eff values and central reaction rates based on CENDL-3.0, JENDL-3.3 and ENDF/B-6.2 were calculated using MCNP4C code for benchmark assembly, and the comparisons with experimental results are given. (author)

  4. Direct comparison of {sup 210}Po, {sup 234}Th and POC particle-size distributions and export fluxes at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stewart, Gillian, E-mail: gstewart@qc.cuny.ed [Queens College, CUNY Flushing, NY 11367 (United States); Moran, S. Bradley, E-mail: moran@gso.uri.ed [Graduate School of Oceanography, URI Narragansett, RI 02882 (United States); Lomas, Michael W., E-mail: Michael.Lomas@bios.ed [Bermuda Institute for Ocean Sciences, St. George' s, GE01 (Bermuda); Kelly, Roger P., E-mail: rokelly@gso.uri.ed [Graduate School of Oceanography, URI Narragansett, RI 02882 (United States)

    2011-05-15

    Particle-reactive, naturally occurring radionuclides are useful tracers of the sinking flux of organic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Since the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) began in 1987, the disequilibrium between {sup 234}Th and its parent {sup 238}U has become widely used as a technique to measure particle export fluxes from surface ocean waters. Another radionuclide pair, {sup 210}Po and {sup 210}Pb, can be used for the same purpose but has not been as widely adopted due to difficulty with accurately constraining the {sup 210}Po/{sup 210}Pb radiochemical balance in the ocean and because of the more time-consuming radiochemical procedures. Direct comparison of particle flux estimated in different ocean regions using these short-lived radionuclides is important in evaluating their utility and accuracy as tracers of particle flux. In this paper, we present paired {sup 234}Th/{sup 238}U and {sup 210}Po/{sup 210}Pb data from oligotrophic surface waters of the subtropical Northwest Atlantic and discuss their advantages and limitations. Vertical profiles of total and particle size-fractionated {sup 210}Po and {sup 234}Th activities, together with particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations, were measured during three seasons at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Both {sup 210}Po and {sup 234}Th reasonably predict sinking POC flux caught in sediment traps, and each tracer provides unique information about the magnitude and efficiency of the ocean's biological pump.

  5. 24 CFR 232.525 - Note and security form.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.525 Note and security form. The lender shall...

  6. Display of rotational levels near the fission threshold in 232Th(n,f) reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blons, J.; Mazur, C.; Paya, D.

    1975-01-01

    The 232 Th(n,f) cross section has been measured relative to that of 235 U up to 5MeV, with a neutron energy resolution of 3keV at 1.6MeV. The angular anisotropy of fission fragments has also been measured in the same energy range with an energy resolution of 6keV at 1,6MeV. The broad vibrational levels located above 1MeV are resolved into sharp structures which are interpreted as rotational states. The rotational constants h 2 /2J of highly deformed 233 Th are found to be 2.45 and 2.65keV at 1.5 and 1.6MeV respectively. These results are interpreted by the possibility of a third minimum in the fission barrier [fr

  7. Reply to Comment on "Zircon U-Th-Pb dating using LA-ICP-MS: Simultaneous U-Pb and U-Th dating on the 0.1 Ma Toya Tephra, Japan"

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ito, Hisatoshi

    2015-04-01

    Guillong et al. (2015) mentioned that corrections for abundance sensitivity for 232Th and molecular zirconium sesquioxide ions (Zr2O3+) are critical for reliable determination of 230Th abundances in zircon for LA-ICP-MS analyses. There is no denying that more rigorous treatments are necessary to obtain more reliable ages than those in Ito (2014). However, as shown in Fig. 2 in Guillong et al. (2015), the uncorrected (230Th)/(238U) for reference zircons except for Mud Tank are only 5-20% higher than unity. Since U abundance of Toya Tephra zircons that have U-Pb ages Ito (2014) obtained U-Th ages of the Toya Tephra by comparison with Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) data. Because both the FCT and the Toya Tephra have similar trends of overestimation of 230Th, the effect of overestimation of 230Th to cause overestimation of U-Th age should be cancelled out or negligible. Therefore the pivotal conclusion in Ito (2014) that simultaneous U-Pb and U-Th dating using LA-ICP-MS is possible and useful for Quaternary zircons holds true.

  8. Sequential determination of natural ({sup 232}Th, {sup 238}U) and anthropogenic ({sup 137}Cs, {sup 90}Sr, {sup 241}Am, {sup 239+240}Pu) radionuclides in environmental matrix

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Michel, H.; Levent, D.; Barci, V.; Barci-Funel, G.; Hurel, C. [Laboratoire de Radiochimie, Sciences Analytiques et Environnement (LRSAE), Universite de Nice Sophia-Antipolis 06108 Nice Cedex (France)

    2008-07-01

    A new sequential method for the determination of both natural (U, Th) and anthropogenic (Sr, Cs, Pu, Am) radionuclides has been developed for application to soil and sediment samples. The procedure was optimised using a reference sediment (IAEA-368) and reference soils (IAEA-375 and IAEA-326). Reference materials were first digested using acids (leaching), 'total' acids on hot plate, and acids in microwave in order to compare the different digestion technique. Then, the separation and purification were made by anion exchange resin and selective extraction chromatography: Transuranic (TRU) and Strontium (SR) resins. Natural and anthropogenic alpha radionuclides were separated by Uranium and Tetravalent Actinide (UTEVA) resin, considering different acid elution medium. Finally, alpha and gamma semiconductor spectrometer and liquid scintillation spectrometer were used to measure radionuclide activities. The results obtained for strontium-90, cesium-137, thorium-232, uranium- 238, plutonium-239+240 and americium-241 isotopes by the proposed method for the reference materials provided excellent agreement with the recommended values and good chemical recoveries. (authors)

  9. Incorporation of 210Pb and 210Po to Poultry through the Addition of Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP) to the Diet

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Casacuberta, N.; Masque, P.; Garcia-Orellana, J.; Gasa, J.; Anguita, M.

    2008-01-01

    Due to the replacement of calcium by uranium in the phosphorite, sedimentary phosphate rock contains high concentrations of 238 U (i.e. from 1500 Bq·kg -1 in Morocco to 4000 Bq·kg -1 in Tanzania ores). Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP) is produced by the wet acid digestion of the phosphorite, and is used as a source of calcium and phosphorus for livestock feed supplement. If the phosphorite acid digestion is made with hydrochloric acid, DCP may present specific activities of about 10 3 Bq·kg -1 of 238 U and some of its decay chain daughters. In particular, due to its radiological implications, the presence of 210 Pb and 210 Po in DCP is of special relevance. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential incorporation of these radionuclides to poultry through its diet. Three different diets were therefore prepared with different contents of both DCP and 210 Pb and 210 Po. Diet A was used as a blank, and had a 2.5% in weight of monocalcium phosphate (MCP); diet B, with a 5% in weight of DCP; and diet C, with a 2.5% of DCP. Concentrations of 210 Pb were 0.93, 101.4 and 51.2 Bq·kg -1 ; whereas concentrations of 210 Po were 0.92, 74 and 36 Bq·kg -1 of food for diets A, B and C, respectively. Accumulation of 210 Pb and 210 Po was analysed at several times during poultry growth in samples of bone, liver, kidney, muscle, excrements as well as entire animals, with a total of 30 broilers fed with the 3 different diets. Results showed clear enhancements in the accumulation of both 210 Pb and 210 Po in chicken for diets B and C, and in particular in liver and bone. However, total accumulation of radionuclides in chicken, and especially in edible parts, is low compared to its expulsion through excrements. These results are interpreted in terms of the potential dose through consumption of chicken

  10. Study on lowering the specific radioactivity of rare earth chlorides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shinhuor, Y.; Jyuung, J.; Shyuerjung, T.; Xiangping, L.

    1985-01-01

    In this paper, the source of radioactivity in rare earth chlorides and the chemical behaviour of its main radionuclides in metallurgy processing are investigated. It is pointed out that the radioactivity in rare earths comes from the long-life radionuclides in three natural radioactive series. Nine of them (/sup 238/U, /sup 234/U, /sup 230/Th, /sup 226/Ra, /sup 210/Po, /sup 232/Th, /sup 228/Th, /sup 235/U, /sup 231/Pa) are alpha-emitters, three of them (/sup 228/Ra, /sup 227/Ac, /sup 210/Pb) are beta-emitters. Among them alpha-emitters contribute the total specific activity of rare earths directly. The rare earths are easily purified in preferential dissolution, radium elimination, and other processes

  11. Intercomparison of radionuclides measurements in marine cockle flesh sample IAEA-134

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ballestra, S.; Gastaud, J.; Lopez, J.J.; Parsi, P.; Vas, D.

    1993-08-01

    The results of an intercomparison exercise on a cockle flesh sample from Irish Sea, IAEA-134, designed for the determination of artificial and natural radionuclide levels, are reported. The data from 134 laboratories representing 49 countries have been evaluated. The following are the recommended values, with confidence intervals, for 40 K, 60 Co, 137 Cs, and 2 39+240 Pu (Reference date: 1 January 1992). Information values for 90 Sr, 106 Ru, 125 Sb, 134 Cs, 154 Eu, 155 Eu, 210 Pb, 210 Po, 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 228 Th, 230 Th, 232 Th, 234 U, 235 U, 238 U, 238 Pu and 241 Am are also reported. All the following values are expressed in Bq kg -1 (dry weight). (author)

  12. Levels of 210Po and 210Pb in cigars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kelecom, A.; Gouvea, R.C.S.; Santos, P.L.

    2002-01-01

    210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations have been determined in 58 cigar brands manufactured in 11 countries. Cuban and American cigars showed the lowest 210 Po content. The mean levels of 210 Po in Brazilian, European and Dominican cigars were almost identical and somewhat lower than the levels observed for cigars from other Latin American countries. Cuban, American and European cigars contained low levels of 210 Pb. Cigars from the remaining countries contained twice as much 210 Pb. The mean 210 Po/ 210 Pb ratio showed an excess of polonium. In the case of one cigar-a-day smoker, the calculated annual absorbed dose due to 210 Po is ∼16 μGy. (author)

  13. Within the framework of the new fuel cycle {sup 232}Th/{sup 233}U, determination of the {sup 233}Pa(n.{gamma}) radiative capture cross section for neutron energies ranging between 0 and 1 MeV; Dans le cadre du nouveau cycle de combustible {sup 232}Th/{sup 233}U, determination de la section efficace de capture radiative {sup 233}Pa(n,{gamma}) pour des energies de neutrons comprises entre 0 et 1 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boyer, S

    2004-10-15

    The Thorium cycle Th{sup 232}/U{sup 233} may face brilliant perspectives through advanced concepts like molten salt reactors or accelerator driven systems but it lacks accurate nuclear data concerning some nuclei. Pa{sup 233} is one of these nuclei, its high activity makes the direct measurement of its radiative neutron capture cross-section almost impossible. This difficulty has been evaded by considering the transfer reaction Th{sup 232}(He{sup 3},p)Pa{sup 234}* in which the Pa{sup 234} nucleus is produced in various excited states according to the amount of energy available in the reaction. The first chapter deals with the thorium cycle and its assets to contribute to the quenching of the fast growing world energy demand. The second chapter gives a detailed description of the experimental setting. A scintillation detector based on deuterated benzene (C{sub 6}D{sub 6}) has been used to counter gamma ray cascades. The third chapter is dedicated to data analysis. In the last chapter we compare our experimental results with ENDF and JENDL data and with computed values from 2 statistical models in the 0-1 MeV neutron energy range. Our results disagree clearly with evaluated data: our values are always above ENDF and JENDL data but tend to near computed values. We have also perform the measurement of the radiative neutron cross-section of Pa{sup 231} for a 110 keV neutron: {sigma}(n,{gamma}) 2.00 {+-} 0.14 barn. (A.C.)

  14. Equilibrium diagram of KPO3-Y(PO3)3 system, chemical preparation and characterization of KY(PO3)4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jouini, Anis; Ferid, Mokhtar; Trabelsi-Ayadi, Malika

    2003-01-01

    Microdifferential thermal analysis (μ-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were used for the first time to investigate the liquidus and solidus relations in the KPO 3 -Y(PO 3 ) 3 system. The only compound observed within the system was KY(PO 3 ) 4 melting incongruently at 1033 K. An eutectic appears at 13.5 mol% Y(PO 3 ) 3 at 935 K, the peritectic occurs at 1033 K and the phase transition for potassium polyphosphate KPO 3 was observed at 725 K. Three monoclinic allotropic phases of the single crystals were obtained. KY(PO 3 ) 4 polyphosphate has the P2 1 space group with lattice parameters: a=7.183(4) A, b=8.351(6) A, c=7.983(3) A, β=91.75(3) deg. and Z=2 is isostructural with KNd(PO 3 ) 4 . The second allotropic form of KY(PO 3 ) 4 belongs to the P2 1 /n space group with lattice parameters: a=10.835(3) A, b=9.003(2) A, c=10.314(1) A, β=106.09(7) deg. and Z=4 and is isostructural with TlNd(PO 3 ) 4 . The IR absorption spectra of the two forms show a chain polyphosphates structure. The last modification of KYP 4 O 12 crystallizes in the C2/c space group with lattice parameters: a=7.825(3) A, b=12.537(4) A, c=10.584(2) A, β=110.22(7) deg. and Z=4 is isostructural with RbNdP 4 O 12 and contains cyclic anions. The methods of chemical preparations, the determination of crystallographic data and IR spectra for these compounds are reported

  15. 24 CFR 232.510 - Commitment and commitment fee.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND... of Fire Safety Equipment Fees and Charges § 232.510 Commitment and commitment fee. (a) Issuance of...

  16. 24 CFR 232.570 - Endorsement of credit instrument.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Endorsement of credit instrument... of Fire Safety Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.570 Endorsement of credit instrument. The Commissioner shall indicate his insurance of the loan by endorsing the credit instrument and...

  17. Concentrations of 210Po in fish and shellfish from southern region of Japan and evaluation of 210Po intake from seafood for Japanese people

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Momoshima, N.; Sugihara, S.; Nakao, H.

    2012-01-01

    Concentrations of 210 Po in fish and shellfish, mostly collected from southern region of Japan were analyzed. Values ranged from 0.2 to 229 Bq/kg fresh weight and higher concentrations were observed in samples analyzed with viscera. Intake of 210 Po through fish and shellfish was evaluated at different Japanese cities based on statistical consumption data. Phytoplankton, Heterosigma akashiwo was collected during a harmful algal bloom and 210 Po was analyzed. The phytoplankton occupied only 4.4% of 210 Po in seawater and a large fraction of 210 Po was observed in the particulate form. (orig.)

  18. NT-proBNP on Cobas h 232 in point-of-care testing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gils, Charlotte; Ramanathan, R.; Breindahl, T.

    2015-01-01

    Background. NT-proBNP may be useful for ruling out heart failure in primary health care. In this study we examined the analytical quality of NT-proBNP in primary health care on the Cobas h 232 point-of-care instrument compared with measurements performed in a hospital laboratory. Materials...... and methods. Blood samples requested for NT-proBNP were collected in primary health care (n = 95) and in a hospital laboratory (n = 107). NT-proBNP was measured on-site on Cobas h 232 instruments both in primary health care centres and at the hospital laboratory and all samples were also analyzed...... with a comparison method at the hospital. Precision, trueness, accuracy, and lot-variation were determined at different concentration levels and evaluated according to acceptance criteria. Furthermore user-friendliness was assessed by questionnaires. Results. For Cobas h 232 repeatability CV was 8...

  19. Assessment of 210Po exposure for the Italian population

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clemente, G.F.; Renzetti, A.; Santori, G.; Breuer, F.

    1980-01-01

    A summary is given of the data required to evaluate the 210 Po internal burden and the relative dose given to the members of the Italian general public and to those groups of subjects who are exposed in non-uranium mines and spas to high radon and daughter product air concentrations. Data on the daily intake, daily excretion, total body burden and skeletal burden of 210 Pb and 210 Po for the general public provide the components of the 210 Pb- 210 Po metabolic balance. A mathematical model has been developed on the basis of this data and can be used to evaluate the 210 Pb- 210 Po body burden of subjects exposed to high levels of radon and daughter products on the basis of their 210 Pb- 210 Po daily excretion. Data is presented for the 210 Pb- 210 Po skeletal and soft tissue burden and the yearly dose rate to the skeleton in non-smokers, smokers, non-uranium miners and spa employees. (UK)

  20. Crystal structure of CsTb(PO3)4 compound

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Palkina, K.K.; Maksimova, S.I.; Kuznetsov, V.G.; Chibiskova, N.T.

    1978-01-01

    The X-ray structural study of compounds of the CsLn(PO 3 ) 4 series has been made. Found is the presence of two structural types for CsPr(PO 3 ) 4 (cubic and monoclinic modifications), one type for CsNd(PO 3 ) 4 (cubic modification) and for CsTb(PO 3 ) 4 (monoclinic modification). For the CsTb(PO 3 ) 4 monocrystal the lattice parameters are determined: a=7.032 +- 0.001; b=8.705 +- 0.001; c=9.051 +- 0.001 A; α=90 deg, β=90 deg, γ=100 deg, Z=2, V=545.68 A 3 , dsub(exp)=3.70 g/cm 3 . The structure character is presented as infinite chains of (PO 4 ) tetrahedrons, stretched along the ''C'' period. Tb and Cs atoms are rounded by 8 atoms of oxygen. Tb polyhedron are irregular octaapexes or strongly deformed tetragonal antiprisms. Tb-Tb shortest distance is 6.59 A

  1. Research Update: Retardation and acceleration of phase separation evaluated from observation of imbalance between structure and valence in LiFePO4/FePO4 electrode

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kazuya Tokuda

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available LiFePO4 is a potential positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries. We have experimentally observed an imbalance between the valence change of Fe ions and the structure change from the LiFePO4 phase to the FePO4 phase during delithiation by simultaneous in situ XRD and XANES measurements in an LiFePO4/FePO4 electrode. The ratio of structure change to valence change clearly indicates that the phase separation from LiFePO4 to FePO4 is suppressed at the beginning of delithiation, while it is accelerated at the latter stage, which is due to the coherent strain caused by the lattice misfit between the two phases.

  2. Pronalazak partnera u virtualnom svijetu: motivi i psihosocijalna obilježja korisnika internetskih servisa za upoznavanje u Hrvatskoj

    OpenAIRE

    Matković, Antonia; Landripet, Ivan

    2015-01-01

    Zahtjevi suvremenog načina života i dostupnost informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija odražavaju se na proces uspostavljanja intimnih veza, uslijed čega praksa korištenja interneta u svrhu pronalaska partnera u popularnosti počinje sustizati tradicionalne načine pronalaženja partnera. Nadovezujući se na postojeće hrvatske studije internetski posredovanih romantičnih i seksualnih aktivnosti, sredinom 2014. putem internetske ankete provedeno je prvo ciljano istraživanje korištenja internetsk...

  3. Synthesis and luminescence of CePO4 and CePO4:Tb hollow and core-shell microspheres composed of single-crystal nanorods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guan Mingyun; Sun Jianhua; Han Min; Xu Zheng; Tao Feifei; Yin Gui; Wei Xianwen; Zhu Jianmin; Jiang Xiqun

    2007-01-01

    Lanthanide phosphate microspheres composed of single-crystal CePO 4 and CePO 4 :Tb nanorods were successfully synthesized, respectively, using the functionalized composite aggregate as a template, which is composed of P123, H 6 P 4 O 13 and Ce 3+ , and also as a resource of reaction species with high chemical potential. The shape and the phase structure of the CePO 4 nanocrystal can be easily controlled via adjusting reaction temperature, monomer concentration and annealing temperature. SEM images show the spherical superstructure composed of nanorods. HRTEM and SAED images reveal the single-crystalline nature of nanorod and TEM images show the hollow interiors of the superstructure. XRD patterns indicate that the crystal structure of the nanorods is hexagonal before and monoclinic after annealing. The formation mechanism was proposed. Strong UV and green luminescence were observed for the CePO 4 and CePO 4 :Tb microspheres, respectively. The synthesis method can be extended to the fabrication of NRHS and core-shell microspheres of other rare-earth or doped LnPO 4 materials for wide applications

  4. The ratio of lead-210 to polonium-210 in U.K. diet.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith-Briggs, J L; Bradley, E J; Potter, M D

    1986-10-01

    The levels of the natural radionuclides, 210Pb and 210Po, in U.K. diet have been measured previously. However, in the earlier measurements, the samples were sufficiently aged for 210Pb and 210Po to have attained secular equilibrium. In order to determine the extent of disequilibrium between these radionuclides in fresh food, measurements have been made on recently collected dietary samples. Disequilibrium has been observed in five food groups. The activity per unit mass of 210Pb was found to be greater than that of 210Po in bread, cereals, sugar and preserves, whereas the opposite was found to be true for eggs and beverages. When account is taken of consumption rates, however, the total intakes of 210Pb and 210Po from these food groups are approximately the same. The annual effective dose equivalents from the ingestion of 210Pb and 210Po have been re-estimated at 41 and 12 mu Sv, respectively.

  5. Determination of 210 Po in cigarettes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peres, Ana Claudia; Hiromoto, Goro

    1999-01-01

    A radiochemical procedure for the determination of 110 Po in cigarettes is presented. The method is based on solvent extraction, followed by spontaneous deposition on copper disks and counting by alpha spectrometry. Some commercial cigarette brands available in the national market were analysed, obtaining 210 Po concentrations ranging from 15 to 26 mBq per gram of dry tobacco. (author)

  6. 210Po and 210Pb variations in fish species from the Aegean Sea and the contribution of 210Po to the radiation dose

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mat Çatal, Ebru; Uğur, Aysun; Özden, Banu; Filizok, Işık

    2012-01-01

    In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the significance of natural radionuclides, particularly 210 Po, in the marine environment. 210 Po, a naturally occurring alpha emitter, accumulates in marine organisms and reflects differences in their diets. In the literature, there is no data for 210 Po and 210 Pb activity concentrations for fish species on the Turkish coast of Aegean Sea. Therefore, in this study, multiple fish species were collected from six stations seasonally on the Turkish coast of Aegean Sea and were analyzed for their 210 Po and 210 Pb content. The 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in the fish samples were found to vary from undetectable levels to 499 ± 44 Bq kg −1 dry weight (dw) and from 1.0 ± 0.3 Bq kg −1 to 35 ± 4.0 Bq kg −1 (dw), respectively. There were no significant differences in the activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb in fish samples between seasons (ANOVA, P > 0.05). The highest dose contribution of 210 Po to humans was calculated to be 10,530 μSv year −1 .

  7. Nabyta hemofilia A u pacjentki z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stanisława Bazan-Socha

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Nabyta hemofilia jest rzadkim, potencjalnie śmiertelnym, nabytymschorzeniem autoimmunologicznym, z wytworzeniem przeciwciałblokujących aktywność własnych czynników krzepnięcia. Toobniżenie aktywności prowadzi do rozwoju skazy krwotocznej.Najczęściej wytwarzane są przeciwciała przeciwko czynnikowi VIII– określane jako nabyta hemofilia A. W blisko połowie przypadkówma ona charakter pierwotny i nie towarzyszy żadnym innym zmia -nom patologicznym, w 35–40% jest wtórna do innych schorzeńautoimmunologicznych, nowotworowych lub reakcji polekowych,a w 10–15% dotyczy młodych kobiet w okresie połogu. Leczenienabytej hemofilii polega na opanowaniu czynnego krwawienia orazeliminacji z krążenia aktywnego inhibitora.Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek 55-letniej chorej na reumatoidalnezapalenie stawów z nabytą hemofilią typu A (ryc. 1 i 2. Objawy skazykrwotocznej ustąpiły po dożylnym podaniu rekombinowanegoaktyw nego czynnika VII oraz prednizonu i cyklofosfamidu. Celem pracyjest zwrócenie uwagi na występowanie tego schorzenia u pacjentówz chorobami reumatycznymi. Nagłe wystąpienie objawów skazykrwotocznej, a szczególnie krwawień podskórnych, połączonez wydłużeniem czasu częściowej tromboplastyny po aktywacjipowinno budzić podejrzenie nabytej hemofilii. Życie choremu możeuratować jedynie szybka diagnostyka i właściwe leczenie.

  8. Synthesis and structure of ternary lithium, calcium, copper phosphate Ca9CuLi(PO4)7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yanov, O.V.; Morozov, V.A.; Koznyakov, I.V.; Lazoryak, B.I.; Khasanov, S.S.

    1998-01-01

    New Ca 9 CuLi(PO 4 ) 7 compound is synthesized and specified through the methods of roentgenographic and thermogravimetric analysis. This compound is crystallized in trigonal syngony (sp.gr. R3c, Z=6) and is related to the structural type of the vitlokite natural mineral. The crystal structure (a=10.3231(2), c=37.111(1)A, V=3425(2)A 3 , R WP =5.99, R p =4/35, R I =2.25, R F =1.11, R E =3.28) is verified through the Ritweld method. The calcium cations are positioned in three nonequivalent octaapexed. The copper cations are located in a distorted octahedron. The lithium cations occupy irregularly and statistically two types of positions Li(A) (75(6)%) and Li(B) (25(6)%)uLi(PO 4 ) 7

  9. Nuclear orientation and NMR/ON of sup(205,207)Po

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Herzog, P.; Walitzki, H.; Freitag, K.; Hildebrand, H.; Schloesser, K.

    1983-01-01

    sup(205,207)Po have been implanted with an isotope separator on-line into cold host matrices of Fe, Ni, Zn and Be. Nuclear magnetic resonance of oriented 207 Po has been observed in Fe and Ni, of 205 Po in Fe. From the dependence of the resonance frequency on external magnetic field the g-factor of 207 Po was derived. Using this value the magnetic hyperfine fields of Po in Fe and Ni were obtained. From the temperature dependence of the anisotropies of #betta#-lines in the decay of sup(205,207)Po the multipole mixing of several transitions was derived. The electric interaction frequencies #betta#sub(Q)=eQVsub(zz)/h in the hosts Zn and Be were measured. (orig./WL)

  10. Hydrogeochemical utilization of natural isotopes from U(4n+2) and Th(4n) series at Morro do Ferro, Pocos de Caldas (MG)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonotto, D.M.

    1991-01-01

    Uranium and thorium isotopic analysis were performed on well spoils of the main ore body at Morro do Ferro, Pocos de Caldas (MG), using groundwater from several boreholes in the area and surface water from a steam that originates at the base of the hill. For extraction of uranium and thorium a long chemical process was applied to samples; activities of 228Th and 232 Th isotopes (4n series) and also of 238U, 234U and 230Th isotopes (4n+2 series)were determined by the alpha spectrometry method. The ratios 234U?238U determined for well spoils did not show marked disequilibria between these isotopes. However, the ratios 228Th/232Th and 230Th/234U obtained in some samples showed a high disequilibrium between these isotopes, associated with the presence of possible zones of removal of uranium and precipitation of radium.(author)

  11. Radiochemical determination of 210 Po in tobacco and farm food

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chung, K. H.; Lee, H. P.; Cho, Y. H.; Choi, G. S.; Kim, C. K.; Lee, C. W.

    2002-01-01

    A method for measuring 210 Po in tobacco (cigarette and leaf) and farm food has been studied by alpha- spectrometry. Polonium was separated from HCl solution in the presence of other radionuclides and ascorbic acid (reduction of Fe 3+ ) by spontaneous deposition onto a silver disc. To determine the optimum conditions for plating polonium on a disc, the effects of reducing agent, plating time etc. were investigated. In the method, the samples are spiked with 208 Po (or 209 Po) as a chemical yield tracer. Because the main sources of 210 Po in the human body are food and cigarette smoke, this procedure to determine 210 Po has been applied to tobacco and farm food samples. Analyses of 210 Po in tobacco leaves and farm food samples using this method are in progress. The concentrations of 210 Po in cigarettes were ranged from 17 to 21 mBq/g and compared with published data on this natural radionuclide

  12. Volatilization of Po by microorganisms at laboratory culture experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Momoshima, N.; Ishida, A.; Yoshinaga, C.; Fukuda, A.

    2005-01-01

    The previous experiments proved the volatility of polonium form culture medium in which microorganisms were propagated from seed of seawater, river water or pond water, therefore we did not know what kind of species are responsible to Po volatility. To search microorganisms, which concerned with Po emission we carried out culture experiments using known microorganisms. Three microorganisms were examined; Escherichia coli K-12, Bacillus subtilis and Chromobacterium violaceum. The microorganisms were pre-cultured in LB medium at 30 degree C and a small portion of the pre-cultured was transferred to a culture bottle in which LB medium and 208 Po tracer were contained. The culture was done at 30 degree C with shaking the culture bottle and air passed through a filter was introduced. The Po volatilized was transferred into the trap vials in which scintillator for liquid scintillation counting (LSC) was contained. The Po activity was measured by LSC. All of the microorganisms examined volatilized Po but their ability was quite different each other. Highest ability was observed on Chromobacterium violaceum and then Escherichia coli K-12 followed by Bacillus subtilis, the relative magnitude of the ability was 10 2 , 10, 1, respectively. Chromobacterium violaceum and Escherichia coli K-12 showed high volatility for the first 24 h but Escherichia coli K-12 showed a decrease thereafter. However high volatility was continued on Chromobacterium violaceum during the culture. The low culture temperature suppressed Po volatility, supporting biologically mediated Po emission from the culture.

  13. Neutron diffraction studies of the Na-ion battery electrode materials NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yahia, H. Ben [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Essehli, R., E-mail: ressehli@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Avdeev, M. [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234 (Australia); Park, J-B.; Sun, Y-K. [Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791 (Korea, Republic of); Al-Maadeed, M.A. [Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 2713 Doha (Qatar); Belharouak, I., E-mail: ibelharouak@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar)

    2016-06-15

    The new compounds NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method and their crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. These compounds were characterized by galvanometric cycling and cyclic voltammetry. NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. The structure consists of a 3D-framework made of octahedra and tetrahedra that are sharing corners and/or edges generating channels along [100] and [010], in which the sodium atoms are located. Of significance, in the structures of NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} a statistical disorder Ni{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was observed on both the 8g and 4a atomic positions, whereas in NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} the statistical disorder Co{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was only observed on the 8g atomic position. When tested as negative electrode materials, NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} delivered specific capacities of 352, 385, and 368 mA h g{sup −1}, respectively, which attests to the electrochemical activity of sodium in these compounds. - Highlights: • NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method. • The crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. • The three compounds crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. • The three compounds were tested as anodes in sodium-ion batteries. • Relatively high specific capacities were obtained for these compounds.

  14. High-spin yrast states in the 206Po, 208Po, 209At and 210At nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rahkonen, Vesa.

    1980-08-01

    High-spin yrast states in the 206 , 208 Po and 209 , 210 At nuclei have been studied with methods of in-beam γ-ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy and with the (α,3n), (α,4n), (p,2n) and ( 3 He,3n) reactions. Several new high-spin states have been identified up to angular momenta of 18-19 h/2π in these nuclei except in 206 Po where the highest spin was (13 - ). In the course of this work two new isomers with half-lives of 15+-3 ns and 4+-2 μs have been observed at 1689 and 4028 keV in 210 At, which have been interpreted as (10 - ) and 19 + states. The previously-known half-lives of 29+-2 and 680+-75 ns have been established for the three-proton states of Jsup(π)=21/2 - and 29/2 + at 1428 and 2429 keV in 209 At, respectively. A half-life of 1.0+-0.2 μs was measured for the 9 - isomer in 206 Po. Shell-model calculations based on the use of the empirical single- and two-particle interaction energies or of the experimental excitation energies belonging to the relevant one-, two- and three-particle states, have been carried out for these 4-6 particle nuclei. Most of the medium-spin yrast states in 206 Po, 208 Po and 209 At have been successfully described assuming the core for these nuclei being 204 Pb or 206 Pb rather than 208 Pb, and including an extra core polarization interaction described by the P 2 force. (author)

  15. Microscopic structure of superdeformed states in Th, U, Pu and Cm isotopes with Gogny force

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Girod, M.; Delaroche, J.P.; Romain, P.; Libert, J.

    2002-01-01

    The structure properties of the even-even nuclei 226, 228, 230, 232, 234 Th, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240 U, 240, 242, 244, 246 Pu, and 242, 244, 246, 248 Cm have been investigated at normal and superdeformed shapes in microscopic mean-field calculations based on Gogny force. Collective levels are predicted from constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov and configuration mixing calculations. Two quasiparticle states are also predicted from blocking calculations for neutron and proton configurations. Predictions are shown and compared with experimental data at superdeformed shapes. (orig.)

  16. Les poèmes ragusains de Dejan Despic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefanović Ana

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available (francuski Les œuvres de Dejan Despic (1930, inspirées par Dubrovnik: Jadranski soneti op. 17 (1951-1954, Dubrovacki divertimento op. 18 (1952 et Dubrovacki kanconijer op. 96 (1989, révèlent, outre leur thème commun, une parenté supplémentaire importante. Elles sont incitées et, d'une manière essentielle, médiatisées par la poésie: soit par les vers de Jovan Ducic (1871-1943, poète du Parnasse et symbolisme serbe, soit par la poésie pétrarquiste ragusaine. Or, ces compositions ne se montrent pas seulement en tant qu` issues de l`inspiration par la poésie sur Dubrovnik, mais aussi d'un conditionnement spirituel plus profond: de l`inspiration poétique du compositeur lui-même par Dubrovnik. C`est le sentiment poétique du monde, en tant que constante de la vision créatrice de Dejan Despic, qui provient de cette inspiration particulière. Ce monde ragusain du compositeur est le monde classique dans une signification universelle du concept, selon la nature même du milieu évoqué. Or, cela n implique pas une monochromie stylistique des compositions considérées. Au contraire, les perspectives musicales de l`impressionnisme, du néoclassicisme, voire, de la néorennaissance, varient ce cadre stylistique général, tout en marquant les traits distincts d'une poétique de composition très individualisée.

  17. Dicty_cDB: Contig-U12682-1 [Dicty_cDB

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Contig-U12682-1 no gap 1408 4 4961739 4963050 PLUS 47 48 U12682 0 0 0 5 0 0 2 30 0 10 0 0 0 0 Show Contig...-U12682-1 Contig ID Contig-U12682-1 Contig update 2002.12.18 Contig sequence >Contig-U12682-1 (Contig...-U12682-1Q) /CSM_Contig/Contig-U12682-1Q.Seq.d AAACACATCATCCCGTTCGATCTGATAAGTAAATCGACCTCAGGCC...ATGA AACTACTG Gap no gap Contig length 1408 Chromosome number (1..6, M) 4 Chromosome length 5430582 Start po... kwniikwysyinwykswyn**fihsiklqwsy*qcke*si*yiir*ny own update 2004. 6.10 Homology vs CSM-cDNA Query= Contig

  18. Collection and evaluation of nuclear data of Th-232

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Osawa, Takaaki

    1979-01-01

    Present status of the requirement to and measurement and evaluation of the nuclear data of Th-232 is presented. The accuracy and energy range of the observed data at present are not enough to the demand from reactor engineering. The data of total cross-section are given in the energy range from 1.5 to 15 MeV from the data by Foster and Fasoli. The data by Uttley for the energy less than 1.5 MeV were accepted. Recently, Whalen and Kobayashi presented new data. Optical potential parameters were deduced. Re-normalization of the capture cross-sections of Th-232 was made on the basis of the evaluated values by Matsunobu and by Kanda. The values are a little smaller than the values in ENDF/B-4. Fission cross-sections were given by Henkel up to 9 MeV, and by Rago and Pankratov for the energy range above 9 MeV. Recently, Behrens presented new data for wide energy range. The accuracy of the measured cross-sections of inelastic scattering is not enough for reactor design. The accurate values of the cross-sections of (n, 2n) reaction of Th-232 have been demanded. Resonance parameters have been measured for wide energy range. In the energy range of thermal neutrons, the capture cross-section is about 7.4 barn. The characteristics of velocity dependence of the capture cross-section in this range should be investigated. (Kato, T.)

  19. Natural radioactivity aspects of the marine environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iyengar, M.A.R.

    2005-01-01

    A review of the natural radioactivity distributions and their movement in the oceans and their significance, is of considerable interest, while attempting to understand the impact of man-made radioactivity sources on the marine environment. In this context the interesting environmental behaviour of Radium isotopes ( 226 Ra and 228 Ra) and 210 Pb and 210 Po pair of radionuclides in the marine environment -occurring in 238 U and 232 Th natural radionuclides series have been the subject of considerable investigations as part of the marine biogeochemical studies, some aspects of which are discussed

  20. LiHo(PO34

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mokhtar Férid

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Lithium holmium(III polyphosphate(V, LiHo(PO34, belongs to the type I of polyphosphates with general formula ALn(PO34, where A is a monovalent cation and Ln is a trivalent rare earth cation. In the crystal structure, the polyphosphate chains spread along the b-axis direction, with a repeat period of four tetrahedra and 21 internal symmetry. The Li and Ho atoms are both located on twofold rotation axes and are surrounded by four and eight O atoms, leading to a distorted tetrahedral and dodecahedral coordination, respectively. The HoO8 polyhedra are isolated from each other, the closest Ho...Ho distance being 5.570 (1 Å.