Pueblo Indian Watercolors: Learning by Looking. A Study Guide.

Science.gov (United States)

Connors, Andrew

This guide presents a brief history of the Pueblo Indians of the Southwest, their traditions, and their art. Focus is on painting, a traditional art form that continues to be practiced, and on ceremonies and beliefs that are important elements of contemporary Pueblo society. The guide is designed for students of ages 10 through 14, but can be…

The Dunaliella salina organelle genomes: large sequences, inflated with intronic and intergenic DNA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, David R.; Lee, Robert W.; Cushman, John C.; Magnuson, Jon K.; Tran, Duc; Polle, Juergen E.

2010-05-07

Abstract Background: Dunaliella salina Teodoresco, a unicellular, halophilic green alga belonging to the Chlorophyceae, is among the most industrially important microalgae. This is because D. salina can produce massive amounts of β-carotene, which can be collected for commercial purposes, and because of its potential as a feedstock for biofuels production. Although the biochemistry and physiology of D. salina have been studied in great detail, virtually nothing is known about the genomes it carries, especially those within its mitochondrion and plastid. This study presents the complete mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences of D. salina and compares them with those of the model green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri. Results: The D. salina organelle genomes are large, circular-mapping molecules with ~60% noncoding DNA, placing them among the most inflated organelle DNAs sampled from the Chlorophyta. In fact, the D. salina plastid genome, at 269 kb, is the largest complete plastid DNA (ptDNA) sequence currently deposited in GenBank, and both the mitochondrial and plastid genomes have unprecedentedly high intron densities for organelle DNA: ~1.5 and ~0.4 introns per gene, respectively. Moreover, what appear to be the relics of genes, introns, and intronic open reading frames are found scattered throughout the intergenic ptDNA regions -- a trait without parallel in other characterized organelle genomes and one that gives insight into the mechanisms and modes of expansion of the D. salina ptDNA. Conclusions: These findings confirm the notion that chlamydomonadalean algae have some of the most extreme organelle genomes of all eukaryotes. They also suggest that the events giving rise to the expanded ptDNA architecture of D. salina and other Chlamydomonadales may have occurred early in the evolution of this lineage. Although interesting from a genome evolution standpoint, the D. salina organelle DNA sequences will aid in the development of a viable

The Dunaliella salina organelle genomes: large sequences, inflated with intronic and intergenic DNA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tran Duc

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Dunaliella salina Teodoresco, a unicellular, halophilic green alga belonging to the Chlorophyceae, is among the most industrially important microalgae. This is because D. salina can produce massive amounts of β-carotene, which can be collected for commercial purposes, and because of its potential as a feedstock for biofuels production. Although the biochemistry and physiology of D. salina have been studied in great detail, virtually nothing is known about the genomes it carries, especially those within its mitochondrion and plastid. This study presents the complete mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences of D. salina and compares them with those of the model green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri. Results The D. salina organelle genomes are large, circular-mapping molecules with ~60% noncoding DNA, placing them among the most inflated organelle DNAs sampled from the Chlorophyta. In fact, the D. salina plastid genome, at 269 kb, is the largest complete plastid DNA (ptDNA sequence currently deposited in GenBank, and both the mitochondrial and plastid genomes have unprecedentedly high intron densities for organelle DNA: ~1.5 and ~0.4 introns per gene, respectively. Moreover, what appear to be the relics of genes, introns, and intronic open reading frames are found scattered throughout the intergenic ptDNA regions -- a trait without parallel in other characterized organelle genomes and one that gives insight into the mechanisms and modes of expansion of the D. salina ptDNA. Conclusions These findings confirm the notion that chlamydomonadalean algae have some of the most extreme organelle genomes of all eukaryotes. They also suggest that the events giving rise to the expanded ptDNA architecture of D. salina and other Chlamydomonadales may have occurred early in the evolution of this lineage. Although interesting from a genome evolution standpoint, the D. salina organelle DNA sequences will aid in the

Carotenoid fluorescence in Dunaliella salina

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kleinegris, D.M.M.; Es, van M.A.; Janssen, M.G.J.; Brandenburg, W.A.; Wijffels, R.H.

2010-01-01

Dunaliella salina is a halotolerant green alga that is well known for its carotenoid producing capacity. The produced carotenoids are mainly stored in lipid globules. For various research purposes, such as production and extraction kinetics, we would like to determine and/or localise the carotenoid

Environmental analysis of Lower Pueblo/Lower Los Alamos Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferenbaugh, R.W.; Buhl, T.E.; Stoker, A.K.; Becker, N.M.; Rodgers, J.C.; Hansen, W.R.

1994-12-01

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, Pueblo Canyon, and Los Alamos Canyon found residual contamination at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of residual radioactivity is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. However, residual radioactivity does not exceed proposed cleanup criteria in either lower Pueblo or lower Los Alamos Canyons. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to construct a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon to prevent further transport of residual radioactivity onto San Ildefonso Indian Pueblo land, and (3) to clean the residual radioactivity from the canyon system. Alternative 2, to cleanup the canyon system, is rejected as a viable alternative. Thousands of truckloads of sediment would have to be removed and disposed of, and this effort is unwarranted by the low levels of contamination present. Residual radioactivity levels, under either present conditions or projected future conditions, will not result in significant radiation doses to persons exposed. Modeling efforts show that future transport activity will not result in any residual radioactivity concentrations higher than those already existing. Thus, although construction of a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon is a viable alternative, this effort also is unwarranted, and the no-action alternative is the preferred alternative

Environmental analysis of Lower Pueblo/Lower Los Alamos Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferenbaugh, R.W.; Buhl, T.E.; Stoker, A.K.; Becker, N.M.; Rodgers, J.C.; Hansen, W.R.

1994-12-01

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, Pueblo Canyon, and Los Alamos Canyon found residual contamination at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of residual radioactivity is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. However, residual radioactivity does not exceed proposed cleanup criteria in either lower Pueblo or lower Los Alamos Canyons. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to construct a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon to prevent further transport of residual radioactivity onto San Ildefonso Indian Pueblo land, and (3) to clean the residual radioactivity from the canyon system. Alternative 2, to cleanup the canyon system, is rejected as a viable alternative. Thousands of truckloads of sediment would have to be removed and disposed of, and this effort is unwarranted by the low levels of contamination present. Residual radioactivity levels, under either present conditions or projected future conditions, will not result in significant radiation doses to persons exposed. Modeling efforts show that future transport activity will not result in any residual radioactivity concentrations higher than those already existing. Thus, although construction of a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon is a viable alternative, this effort also is unwarranted, and the no-action alternative is the preferred alternative.

Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Monterey-Salinas Shallow Aquifer Study Unit, 2012–13: California GAMA Priority Basin Project

Science.gov (United States)

Burton, Carmen; Wright, Michael

2018-05-30

Groundwater quality in the approximately 7,820-square-kilometer (km2) Monterey-Salinas Shallow Aquifer (MS-SA) study unit was investigated from October 2012 to May 2013 as part of the second phase of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is in the central coast region of California in the counties of Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Luis Obispo. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.The MS-SA study was designed to provide a statistically robust assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the shallow aquifer systems. The assessment was based on water-quality samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 100 groundwater sites and 70 household tap sites, along with ancillary data such as land use and well-construction information. The shallow aquifer systems were defined by the depth interval of wells associated with domestic supply. The MS-SA study unit consisted of four study areas—Santa Cruz (210 km2), Pajaro Valley (360 km2), Salinas Valley (2,000 km2), and Highlands (5,250 km2).This study had two primary components: the status assessment and the understanding assessment. The first primary component of this study—the status assessment—assessed the quality of the groundwater resource indicated by data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and naturally present inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. The status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the shallow aquifer system of the MS-SA study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. As opposed to the public wells, however, water from private wells, which often tap the shallow aquifer, is usually consumed without any treatment. The second

Solar energy system economic evaluation for Colt Pueblo, Pueblo, Colorado

Science.gov (United States)

1980-01-01

The Solar Energy System is not economically beneficial under the assumed economic conditions at Pueblo, Colorado; Yosemite, California; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Fort Worth, Texas; and Washington, D.C. Economic benefits from this system depend on decreasing the initial investment and the continued increase in the cost of conventional energy. Decreasing the cost depends on favorable tax treatment and continuing development of solar energy technology. Fuel cost would have to increase drastically while the cost of the system would have to remain constant or decrease for the system to become economically feasible.

Integrated assessment of the impacts of agricultural drainwater in the Salinas River (California, USA)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, B.S.; Hunt, J.W.; Phillips, B.M.; Nicely, P.A.; Vlaming, V. de; Connor, V.; Richard, N.; Tjeerdema, R.S

2003-08-01

Invertebrate mortality was correlated with levels of water and sediment contaminatioin in the Salinas River. - The Salinas River is the largest of the three rivers that drain into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in central California. Large areas of this watershed are cultivated year-round in row crops and previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that acute toxicity of agricultural drainwater to Ceriodaphnia dubia is caused by the organophosphate (OP) pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon. In the current study, we used a combination of ecotoxicologic tools to investigate incidence of chemical contamination and toxicity in waters and sediments in the river downstream of a previously uncharacterized agricultural drainage creek system. Water column toxicity was investigated using a cladoceran C. dubia while sediment toxicity was investigated using an amphipod Hyalella azteca. Ecological impacts of drainwater were investigated using bioassessments of macroinvertebrate community structure. The results indicated that Salinas River water downstream of the agricultural drain is acutely toxic to Ceriodaphnia, and toxicity to this species was highly correlated with combined toxic units (TUs) of chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Laboratory tests were used to demonstrate that sediments in this system were acutely toxic to H. azteca, which is a resident genus. Macroinvertebrate community structure was moderately impacted downstream of the agricultural drain input. While the lowest macroinvertebrate abundances were measured at the station demonstrating the greatest water column and sediment toxicity and the highest concentrations of pesticides, macroinvertebrate metrics were more significantly correlated with bank vegetation cover than any other variable. Results of this study suggest that pesticide pollution is the likely cause of laboratory-measured toxicity in the Salinas River samples and that this factor may interact with other factors to impact the

Integrated assessment of the impacts of agricultural drainwater in the Salinas River (California, USA)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, B.S.; Hunt, J.W.; Phillips, B.M.; Nicely, P.A.; Vlaming, V. de; Connor, V.; Richard, N.; Tjeerdema, R.S.

2003-01-01

Invertebrate mortality was correlated with levels of water and sediment contaminatioin in the Salinas River. - The Salinas River is the largest of the three rivers that drain into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in central California. Large areas of this watershed are cultivated year-round in row crops and previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that acute toxicity of agricultural drainwater to Ceriodaphnia dubia is caused by the organophosphate (OP) pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon. In the current study, we used a combination of ecotoxicologic tools to investigate incidence of chemical contamination and toxicity in waters and sediments in the river downstream of a previously uncharacterized agricultural drainage creek system. Water column toxicity was investigated using a cladoceran C. dubia while sediment toxicity was investigated using an amphipod Hyalella azteca. Ecological impacts of drainwater were investigated using bioassessments of macroinvertebrate community structure. The results indicated that Salinas River water downstream of the agricultural drain is acutely toxic to Ceriodaphnia, and toxicity to this species was highly correlated with combined toxic units (TUs) of chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Laboratory tests were used to demonstrate that sediments in this system were acutely toxic to H. azteca, which is a resident genus. Macroinvertebrate community structure was moderately impacted downstream of the agricultural drain input. While the lowest macroinvertebrate abundances were measured at the station demonstrating the greatest water column and sediment toxicity and the highest concentrations of pesticides, macroinvertebrate metrics were more significantly correlated with bank vegetation cover than any other variable. Results of this study suggest that pesticide pollution is the likely cause of laboratory-measured toxicity in the Salinas River samples and that this factor may interact with other factors to impact the

Heterologous gene expression driven by carbonic anhydrase gene promoter in Dunaliella salina

Science.gov (United States)

Yurong, Chai; Yumin, Lu; Tianyun, Wang; Weihong, Hou; Lexun, Xue

2006-12-01

Dunaliella salina, a halotolerant unicellular green alga without a rigid cell wall, can live in salinities ranging from 0.05 to 5 mol/L NaCl. These features of D. salina make it an ideal host for the production of antibodies, oral vaccine, and commercially valuable polypeptides. To produce high level of heterologous proteins from D. salina, highly efficient promoters are required to drive expression of target genes under controlled condition. In the present study, we cloned a 5' franking region of 1.4 kb from the carbonic anhydrase ( CAH) gene of D. salina by genomic walking and PCR. The fragment was ligated to the pMD18-T vector and characterized. Sequence analysis indicated that this region contained conserved motifs, including a TATA- like box and CAAT-box. Tandem (GT)n repeats that had a potential role of transcriptional control, were also found in this region. The transcription start site (TSS) of the CAH gene was determined by 5' RACE and nested PCR method. Transformation assays showed that the 1.4 kb fragment was able to drive expression of the selectable bar (bialaphos resistance) gene when the fusion was transformed into D. salina by biolistics. Northern blotting hybridizations showed that the bar transcript was most abundant in cells grown in 2 mol/L NaCl, and less abundant in 0.5 mol/L NaCl, indicating that expression of the bar gene was induced at high salinity. These results suggest the potential use of the CAH gene promoter to induce the expression of heterologous genes in D. salina under varied salt condition.

Optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and biochemical composition of the microalga Rhodomonas salina

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thuy, Minh Vu Thi; Douëtte, Claire; Rayner, Thomas Allan

2016-01-01

The cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina is widely used as feed for copepod cultures. However, culturing conditions to obtain high-quality algae have not yet been efficiently optimized. Therefore, we aimed to develop a cultivation protocol for R. salina to optimize its nutritional value and provide tech...

Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk

Science.gov (United States)

Diawara, D.M.; Litt, J.S.; Unis, D.; Alfonso, N.; Martinez, L.A.; Crock, J.G.; Smith, D.B.; Carsella, J.

2006-01-01

Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo's communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo's residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities. ?? Springer 2006.

El Genocidio Contra el Pueblo Armenio: Estimulando actitudes solidarias para posibilitar la integración, respeto y tolerancia entre las personas y los pueblos

OpenAIRE

Demirdjian, Sabrina

2015-01-01

La Universidad Nacional de Rosario a través de la Cátedra Armenia, ha elaborado el Programa de Tolerancia y Respeto entre los Pueblos, con el objetivo de proporcionar instrumentos de análisis y reflexión para abordar la historia del Genocidio contra el Pueblo Armenio yproyectar acciones que tiendan a lograr actitudes desolidaridad y respeto mutuo desde una perspectiva intercultural como bases necesarias para la convivencia. Los contenidos desarrollados en los Talleres presenciales de particip...

El Genocidio Contra el Pueblo Armenio: Estimulando actitudes solidarias para posibilitar la integración, respeto y tolerancia entre las personas y los pueblos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Demirdjian, Sabrina

2015-11-01

Full Text Available La Universidad Nacional de Rosario a través de la Cátedra Armenia, ha elaborado el Programa de Tolerancia y Respeto entre los Pueblos, con el objetivo de proporcionar instrumentos de análisis y reflexión para abordar la historia del Genocidio contra el Pueblo Armenio yproyectar acciones que tiendan a lograr actitudes desolidaridad y respeto mutuo desde una perspectiva intercultural como bases necesarias para la convivencia. Los contenidos desarrollados en los Talleres presenciales de participación integrativa, cuya modalidad se basa en utilizardisparadores motivacionales audiovisuales, abarcan distintos aspectos: contexto histórico – geopolítico, análisis de criterios epistemológicos: como la negación, pensar desde la víctima; ¿porque Armenia?; el genocidio contra el pueblo armenio: perpetrado por Turquía y aún negado; lazos entre Argentina y Armenia.

Pueblo of Jemez Geothermal Feasibility Study Fianl Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

S.A. Kelley; N. Rogers; S. Sandberg; J. Witcher; J. Whittier

2005-03-31

This project assessed the feasibility of developing geothermal energy on the Pueblo of Jemez, with particular attention to the Red Rocks area. Geologic mapping of the Red Rocks area was done at a scale of 1:6000 and geophysical surveys identified a potential drilling target at a depth of 420 feet. The most feasible business identified to use geothermal energy on the reservation was a greenhouse growing culinary and medicinal herbs. Space heating and a spa were identified as two other likely uses of geothermal energy at Jemez Pueblo. Further geophysical surveys are needed to identify the depth to the Madera Limestone, the most likely host for a major geothermal reservoir.

Potential of New Isolates of Dunaliella Salina for Natural β-Carotene Production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yanan Xu

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The halotolerant microalga Dunaliella salina has been widely studied for natural β-carotene production. This work shows biochemical characterization of three newly isolated Dunaliella salina strains, DF15, DF17, and DF40, compared with D. salina CCAP 19/30 and D. salina UTEX 2538 (also known as D. bardawil. Although all three new strains have been genetically characterized as Dunaliella salina strains, their ability to accumulate carotenoids and their capacity for photoprotection against high light stress are different. DF15 and UTEX 2538 reveal great potential for producing a large amount of β-carotene and maintained a high rate of photosynthesis under light of high intensity; however, DF17, DF40, and CCAP 19/30 showed increasing photoinhibition with increasing light intensity, and reduced contents of carotenoids, in particular β-carotene, suggesting that the capacity of photoprotection is dependent on the cellular content of carotenoids, in particular β-carotene. Strong positive correlations were found between the cellular content of all-trans β-carotene, 9-cis β-carotene, all-trans α-carotene and zeaxanthin but not lutein in the D. salina strains. Lutein was strongly correlated with respiration in photosynthetic cells and strongly related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll and respiration, suggesting an important and not hitherto identified role for lutein in coordinated control of the cellular functions of photosynthesis and respiration in response to changes in light conditions, which is broadly conserved in Dunaliella strains. Statistical analysis based on biochemical data revealed a different grouping strategy from the genetic classification of the strains. The significance of these data for strain selection for commercial carotenoid production is discussed.

A Lesson from the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 about Cultural Appropriation and Tribal Sovereignty: What Santa Clara Pueblo Can Do to Protect Tewa Cultural Property

OpenAIRE

Naranjo, Patrick Victor

2012-01-01

This article advocates for the development of American Indian tribal legislation as a focal point, regardless of jurisdiction limitations to protect cultural property, focusing in particular on the problem presented in this project through the active appropriation of sacred Tewa ceremonies. By drawing a contrast to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, in which the various Pueblo villages coordinated a successful rebellion to expel Spanish missionaries, the article urges Tewa governments and other Ameri...

Distribution and abundance of Artemia salina in the Salt Lake Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alaş Ali

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In this study, the distribution and abundance of Artemia salina in 10 different stations of the Salt Lake basin were investigated. In addition, its relationship to pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, electrical conductivity and water levels were analyzed. Field studies were carried out from July to August of 2010. Artemia salina was observed in five of these stations. Artemia salina was not seen in some stations that have high electrical conductivity. It is determined that, in the station named Tersakan Lake where electrical conductivity was 154 mS/cm, Artemia salina is more abundant when compared to the other stations. But as underground water pumps that are built for the irrigation of agricultural lands decrease water levels, Artemia salina’s life is under threat.

Interspecific competition and allelopathic interaction between Karenia mikimotoi and Dunaliella salina in laboratory culture

Science.gov (United States)

He, Dong; Liu, Jiao; Hao, Qiang; Ran, Lihua; Zhou, Bin; Tang, Xuexi

2016-03-01

Algal allelopathy is a manifold ecological/physiological phenomenon that is focused on chemical interactions and autotoxicity. We investigated the allelopathic interactions between Karenia mikimotoi and Dunaliella salina in laboratory cultures based on diff erent temperature (15°C, 20°C, and 25°C) and lighting (40, 80, and 160 μmol/(m2·s)) conditions. The growth of D. salina in bi-algae culture (1:1 size/density) was significantly restrained. The results of cell-free filtrate culture indicate that direct cell-tocell contact was not necessary in interspecific competition. Further experimental results demonstrated that allelochemicals released from K. mikimotoi were markedly influenced by both temperature ( P =0.013) and irradiance ( P =0.003), resulting in diff erent growth characteristics of D. salina in filtrate mediums. Compared with the plateau period, K. mikimotoi exudates in the exponential phase had a stronger short-term inhibition effect on D. salina in normal conditions. A clear concentration-dependent relationship was observed in the effect of allelochemicals released from K. mikimotoi with low-promoting and high-repressing effects on D. Salina in a short time-scale. In addition, allelopathic substances remain stable and effective under high temperature and pressure stress. Many flocculent sediments adhering with D. salina cells were observed in all filtrate mediums, while the quantity and color depended on the original culture conditions.

VERBO DE DIOS Y MEDIACIONES RELIGIOSAS EN EL PUEBLO

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Diego Irarrazavel

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Subrayo la cotidiana y simbolica interaccion del pueblo con la Revelacion, los logros en la lectura popular de la Palabra, y el magisterio latino-americano que sintoniza con la religiosidad popular. Diversos sujetos y hermeneuticas Suelen asumir mediaciones religiosas, y estan interpelados por creencias y festejos propios de cada pueblo. Los vientos renovadores provenientes de la constitucion Dei Verbum, los actuales acentos en el ´evangelio de la creacion`, y de modo especial, las energias religiosas de los pobres, incentivan una inculturada fidelidad a la Palabra de Vida. Tambien hay cuestiones abiertas a mayores indagaciones.

The Salinas formation in the type-area, Northeastern Minas Gerais: a proposal to review the stratigraphy of the Aracuai belt on sedimentary, metamorphic and U-Pb SHRIMP evidences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, Sirlene A. de Abreu; Pedrosa Soares, Antonio C.; Cordani, Umberto G.; Nutman, Allen

2002-01-01

The Salinas Formation has been considered to be a stratigraphic unit of the Macaubas Group. This group comprises the rift to passive margin sequences of the precursor basin of the Neo proterozoic Aracuai Orogeny, eastern Brazil. However, new road cuts show extensive and spectacular outcrops with very well-preserved sedimentary structures, allowing detailed studies in the type-locality of this formation, located in the Salinas town and surroundings, northeast Minas Gerais State. In its type-locality, the Salinas Formation consists of graywacke, pelite and clast-supported conglomerate, metamorphosed in the green schist facies. The sedimentary lithofacies are grouped into three facies association (shelf, slope and deep-sea), indicating sedimentation from shelf deposits to deep-water turbidites. The shelf sedimentation was influenced by storm-wave during deposition. The slump and deep-sea deposits were generated by gravitational flows and high- to low-concentration turbidity currents. Shelf sandstone, clast-supported conglomerate and proximal to distal turbidites outline a submarine fan system. U-Pb SHRIMP data from detrital zircons of graywacke samples indicate a maximum sedimentation age of ca. 568 Ma. Thus, the Salinas Formation is much younger than the Macaubas Group, and represents late orogenic deposits (ca. 568- 500 Ma). The distal, passive margin unit of the Macaubas Group is now called Ribeirao da Folha Formation (ca. 800 Ma). (author)

Toxicities of diuron and irgarol on the hatchability and early stage development of Artemia salina

OpenAIRE

ALYÜRÜK, Hakan; ÇAVAŞ, Levent

2013-01-01

Booster biocides are widely used in antifouling paints as bioactive agents against fouling organisms. In previously published reports, acute toxicity tests on Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) were only focused on a part of the life cycle of the organism. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicities of diuron and irgarol on the hatching stage of A. salina. According to the results, diuron significantly decreased the hatching percentage of A. salina cysts and prevented the hatching of...

Buen vivir y pueblos indígenas en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Rosa, Oscar David Montero de la

2017-01-01

ResumenA partir de la Constitución Política de 1991, Colombia se reconoce como un país multiétnico y pluricultural. Los 102 Pueblos Indígenas existentes en el país tienen como principios de lucha el Territorio, la Cultura, la Autonomía y la Unidad. Hoy el movimiento indígena colombiano, es un referente consolidado, a pesar del exterminio físico y cultural. Actualmente 36 pueblos están en riesgo de extinción, a raíz de las políticas estatales, el conflicto armado interno y el desarrollo occide...

Toxicity and trophic transfer of P25 TiO2 NPs from Dunaliella salina to Artemia salina: Effect of dietary and waterborne exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhuvaneshwari, M; Thiagarajan, Vignesh; Nemade, Prateek; Chandrasekaran, N; Mukherjee, Amitava

2018-01-01

The recent increase in nanoparticle (P25 TiO 2 NPs) usage has led to concerns regarding their potential implications on environment and human health. The food chain is the central pathway for nanoparticle transfer from lower to high trophic level organisms. The current study relies on the investigation of toxicity and trophic transfer potential of TiO 2 NPs from marine algae Dunaliella salina to marine crustacean Artemia salina. Toxicity was measured in two different modes of exposure such as waterborne (exposure of TiO 2 NPs to Artemia) and dietary exposure (NP-accumulated algal cells are used to feed the Artemia). The toxicity and accumulation of TiO 2 NPs in marine algae D. salina were also studied. Artemia was found to be more sensitive to TiO 2 NPs (48h LC 50 of 4.21mgL -1 ) as compared to marine algae, D. salina (48h LC 50 of 11.35mgL -1 ). The toxicity, uptake, and accumulation of TiO 2 NPs were observed to be more in waterborne exposure as compared to dietary exposure. Waterborne exposure seemed to cause higher ROS production and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity as compared to dietary exposure of TiO 2 NPs in Artemia. There were no observed biomagnification (BMF) and trophic transfer from algae to Artemia through dietary exposure. Histopathological studies confirmed the morphological and internal damages in Artemia. This study reiterates the possible effects of the different modes of exposure on trophic transfer potential of TiO 2 NPs and eventually the consequences on aquatic environment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

La Defensoría del Pueblo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soraya Pérez Portillo

2008-12-01

Full Text Available La Defensoría del Pueblo es una institución que hace parte del Ministerio Público, con independencia administrativa y presupuestal. Tiene como función principal la promoción, el ejercicio y la divulgación de los derechos humanos, según lo estipulado en el capítulo ii, título x (“De los organismos de control del Estado” de la Constitución Política colombiana de 1991. Ley 24 de 1992 establece la organización y el funcionamiento de la Defensoría del Pueblo. Esta institución se presenta como mediadora entre los ciudadanos y el Estado. Desde esa función tramita solicitudes y quejas y opina sobre la problemática de los derechos humanos. Entre otras funciones, la entidad presenta informes anuales al Congreso de la República sobre su gestión; organiza y dirige la defensoría pública; interpone acciones en defensa de los derechos colectivos y fundamentales; divulga los derechos

Field performance of timber bridges. 15, Pueblo County, Colorado, stress-laminated deck bridge

Science.gov (United States)

L. E. Hislop

The Pueblo County 204B bridge was constructed in March 1990 in Pueblo, Colorado, as a demonstration bridge under the USDA Forest Service Timber Bridge Initiative. The stress-laminated deck superstructure is approximately 10 m long, 9 m wide, and 406 mm deep, with a skew of 10 degrees. Performance monitoring was conducted for 3 years, beginning at...

The Selectivity of Milking of Dunaliella salina

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kleinegris, D.M.M.; Janssen, M.G.J.; Brandenburg, W.A.; Wijffels, R.H.

2010-01-01

The process of the simultaneous production and extraction of carotenoids, milking, of Dunaliella salina was studied. We would like to know the selectivity of this process. Could all the carotenoids produced be extracted? And would it be possible to vary the profile of the produced carotenoids and,

Groundwater-quality data in the Monterey–Salinas shallow aquifer study unit, 2013: Results from the California GAMA Program

Science.gov (United States)

Goldrath, Dara A.; Kulongoski, Justin T.; Davis, Tracy A.

2016-09-01

Groundwater quality in the 3,016-square-mile Monterey–Salinas Shallow Aquifer study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from October 2012 to May 2013 as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program’s Priority Basin Project. The GAMA Monterey–Salinas Shallow Aquifer study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the shallow-aquifer systems in parts of Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated-groundwater quality throughout California. The shallow-aquifer system in the Monterey–Salinas Shallow Aquifer study unit was defined as those parts of the aquifer system shallower than the perforated depth intervals of public-supply wells, which generally corresponds to the part of the aquifer system used by domestic wells. Groundwater quality in the shallow aquifers can differ from the quality in the deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater can be more vulnerable to surficial contamination.Samples were collected from 170 sites that were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method. The study unit was divided into 4 study areas, each study area was divided into grid cells, and 1 well was sampled in each of the 100 grid cells (grid wells). The grid wells were domestic wells or wells with screen depths similar to those in nearby domestic wells. A greater spatial density of data was achieved in 2 of the study areas by dividing grid cells in those study areas into subcells, and in 70 subcells, samples were collected from exterior faucets at sites where there were domestic wells or wells with screen depths similar to those in nearby domestic wells (shallow-well tap sites).Field water-quality indicators (dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, and specific conductance) were measured, and samples for analysis of inorganic

Conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas: una revisión del estado del arte

OpenAIRE

Vargas-Espíndola, Alejandra; Villamizar-Guerrero, Juliet Catherine; Puerto-López, Jhon Sebastián; Rojas-Villamizar, Manuel Ricardo; Ramírez-Montes, Omar Santiago; Urrego-Mendoza, Zulma Consuelo

2017-01-01

Resumen Introducción. Se realizó una revisión documental en bases de datos sobre conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas, tipo estado del arte, que la identificara como un problema de salud pública. Objetivo. Sistematizar el estado del conocimiento que se construye sobre la conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas, a partir de artículos e informes de investigación publicados hasta 2014. Materiales y métodos. Revisión documental de 149 documentos publicados sobre conducta suicida en pueblos indí...

Contribution of Co2+ in increasing chlorophyll a concentration of Nannochloropsis salina in controlled Conwy medium

Science.gov (United States)

Hala, Y.; Taba, P.; Suryati, E.; Kasih, P.; Firman, N. F.

2018-03-01

A research in determining the contribution of Co2+ on the increase of chlorophyll a concentration of Nannochloropsis salina has been caried out. The cultivation of N. salina was conducted in the Conwy medium with a salinity of 5%o and 25%o and various Co2+ concentration (2, 4, and 8 ppm). In this research, Co2+ was exposed early in the cultivation of N. salina. The growth of N. salina was observed daily by counting the number of populations using a haemocytometer while the chlorophyll a concentration was determined by a Uv-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the growth of N. salina in the control was higher than that in the medium containing Co2+. The optimum growth time was achieved on 15th days (5%) and 8th days (25%). In the cultivation medium with a salinity of 5%, Co2+ with a concentration of 2 ppm increased the chlorophyll a level while Co2+ with concentrations of 4 and 8 ppm decreased it. In the medium of cultivation with a salinity of 25%, the increase in chlorophyll a level was observed at Co2+ concentrations of 2 and 4 ppm whereas the decrease in chlorophyl a level was given at a concentration of 8 ppm. It can be concluded that at low concentrations, Co2+ increased the concentration of chlorophyll a in N. salina.

Can the halophilic ciliate Fabrea salina be used as a bio-control of microalgae blooms in solar salterns?

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Hyun Pyo; Choi, Joong Ki

2015-09-01

The microlage Dunaliella salina, a major producer in salterns, is a serious problem for salt production. In this study we tried to assess if Fabrea salina can control D. salina. By parameterising numerical and functional response (growth and grazing vs prey abundance, respectively) at 90 psu and 30°C, where the ciliate is abundant and grows well, we developed a predator-prey model. The model is used to explore how change in microalga growth rate affect the dynamics, and the functional response is used in combination with field data to assess the potential impact of F. salina on D. salina. Over the 20 d simulation the ciliate controlled the prey population under all prey growth rates; although once D. salina were exhausted below the threshold level, F. salina died due to starvation, allowing the alga to increase in abundance, resulting in one or two predatorprey cycle, depending on prey growth rate. In general, the model predicted trends observed by others in the field, suggesting that it provided a good prediction of what may occur under the conditions we examined. Likewise we show that the ciliate can have a high impact on microalgal populations in the field. Finally, a literature review indicated that F. salina could be a good competitor with other protozoa and metazoan in salterns, depending on salinity and temperature, which requires further study and attention. In summary, we encourage continued studies on this unique ciliate on solar salterns and suggest that it may be useful in the bio-control of micoalgae.

Infant and juvenile growth in ancestral Pueblo Indians.

Science.gov (United States)

Schillaci, Michael A; Nikitovic, Dejana; Akins, Nancy J; Tripp, Lianne; Palkovich, Ann M

2011-06-01

The present study examines patterns of infant and juvenile growth in a diachronic sample of ancestral Pueblo Indians (AD 1300-1680) from the American Southwest. An assessment of growth patterns is accompanied by an evaluation of pathological conditions often considered to be indicators of nutritional deficiencies and/or gastrointestinal infections. Growth patterns and the distribution of pathological conditions are interpreted relative to culturally relevant age categories defined by Puebloan rites of passage described in the ethnographic literature. A visual comparison of growth distance curves revealed that relative to a modern comparative group our sample of ancestral Pueblo infant and juveniles exhibited faltering growth beginning soon after birth to about 5 years of age. A comparison of curves describing growth relative to adult femoral length, however, indicated reduced growth occurring later, by around 2 years of age. Similar to previous studies, we observed a high proportion of nonsurvivors exhibiting porotic cranial lesions during the first 2 years of life. Contrary to expectations, infants and juveniles without evidence of porotic cranial lesions exhibited a higher degree of stunting. Our study is generally consistent with previous research reporting poor health and high mortality for ancestral Pueblo Indian infants and juveniles. Through use of a culturally relevant context defining childhood, we argue that the observed poor health and high mortality in our sample occur before the important transition from young to older child and the concomitant initial incorporation into tribal ritual organization. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Salinas de interior en el territorio de la Región de Murcia

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S. Gil Guirado

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La sal es un elemento necesario en la actividad de los grupos humanos. Para su captación y recolección se ha ordenado el territorio, con unos paisajes propios: las salinas. Podemos distinguir dos tipos: las salinas costeras y las salinas de interior. En estas últimas, su localización y explotación está ligada a la presencia de algún material salino que atraviesa el agua. En ellas se pueden distinguir tres áreas, la de captación del agua (generalmente pozos horizontales del tipo minado o galería; la de almacenaje (con balsas y recocederos dónde acumular y calentar; y finalmente la de cristalización (con parcelas más o menos aterrazadas conocidas como eras. A través del estudio combinado del trabajo de campo y la documentación de archivos, hemos podido localizar una veintena de salinas en el interior de la Región de Murcia; huella de una actividad económica y de una cultura del agua entre la variedad de paisajes surestinos.

¿Clase o Pueblo?

OpenAIRE

Salgado, Manuel

2018-01-01

Este libro está concebido como parte de un amplio proyecto de investigación. Parte de la premisa de que el debate en torno al concepto "pueblo" y la realidad material que éste désigna, no es un ejercicio meramente intelectual que busca responder "cuestiones histôricas muertas" fases ya pasadas que no volverân a reproducirse hoy ni en el futuro. Esto es así porque hace a la misma naturaleza de la realidad de la sociedad capitalista, en tanto modo de producciôn epocal signado por el conflicto c...

La red social de Defensores del Pueblo : Un estudio de caso

OpenAIRE

Lezcano, José María; Tello, Claudia Beatriz

2013-01-01

El trabajo explora y analiza la red social que constituyen los Defensores del Pueblo u Ombudsman nucleados en la Asociación de Defensores del Pueblo de la República Argentina (ADPRA). Particularmente, a partir del estudio de su génesis y dinámica de trabajo, propias de la horizontalidad organizacional de esta red, se puede observar que cada Ombudsman (nodo) actúa en un marco político (ciencia política), institucional y social que le es propio. Así, bajo el encuadre analítico del modelo de ...

Neutral lipid production in Dunaliella salina during osmotic stress and adaptation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yao, Shuo; Lu, Jingquan; Sárossy, Zsuzsa

2016-01-01

The salt-tolerant green microalga Dunaliella salina can survive both hyper- and hypo-osmotic shock. Upon osmotic shock, the cells transiently and rapidly decreased or increased in size within minutes and slowly over hours acquired their original cell size and volume. Cell size distribution differs...... significantly in the cultures grown in the salinity range from 1.5 to 15 % NaCl. By using Nile Red fluorescence to detect neutral lipids, it became clear that only hyper-osmotic shock on cells induced transient neutral lipid appearance in D. salina, while those transferred from 9 to 15 % NaCl stimulated...

Establecimientos incas en el subtramo Lampas – Pueblo Viejo en la región Ancash

OpenAIRE

Bernabé Romero, Joseph A.

2015-01-01

Artículo sobre el registro de 5 asentamientos con componentes netamente Inca asociados al camino longitudinal de la sierra en el subtramo Lampas-Pueblo Viejo en Ancash. Entre los cuales destaca Pueblo Viejo (el de mayor extensión), pues presenta componentes del patrón de centros administrativos Inca.

Larvicidal activity of some marine macrophytes against Artemia salina

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

PrabhaDevi; Wahidullah, S.; DeSouza, L.; Kamat, S.Y.

and Microdictyon pseudohapteron, seagrasses (Halophila ovalis and Syringodium isoetifolium and lichens (Umbilicaria arpina) were tested for larvicidal activity using Artemia salina nauplii. The LC50 values for the PE-fraction of M. pseudohapteron and A. muscoides...

Antifouling potential of the marine microalga Dunaliella salina.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Min; Li, Fengchao; Su, Rongguo; Wang, Ke; Li, Xuzhao; Lu, Wei

2014-11-01

Marine organisms have usually been viewed as sources of environmentally friendly compounds with antifouling activity. We performed a series of operations to investigate the antifouling potential of the marine microalga Dunaliella salina. For the ethyl acetate crude extract, the antialgal activity was significant, and the EC50 value against Skeletonema costatum was 58.9 μg ml(-1). The isolated purified extract was tested for antifouling activity, the EC 50 value against S. costatum was 21.2 μg ml(-1), and the LC50 against Balanus amphitrite larvae was 18.8 μg ml(-1). Subsequently, both UHR-TOF-MS and GC-MS were used for the structural elucidation of the compounds, and a series of unsaturated and saturated 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids were detected. The data suggested that the fatty acid extracts from D. salina possess high antifouling activity, and could be used as substitutes for potent, toxic antifouling compounds.

Pueblo mapuche. Estrategias discursivo-comunicativas para un nuevo orden

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Sonia Betancour Sánchez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo sostiene que ante la episteme impuesta por Occidente a los pueblos originarios de América, el pueblo mapuche en Chile ha generado una estrategia contra-hegemónica de empoderamiento que instala y visibiliza un sistema de comunicación intercultural propio, lugar donde surgen heterogéneos discursos sobre un nuevo orden en las relaciones de contacto cultural, evidenciado en mecanismos y recursos discursivos transversales. Estos elementos forman parte de las estrategias de resistencia orientadas al “desprendimiento epistémico” (Mignolo, 2010 de la “matriz colonial de poder” (Quijano citado en Mignolo, 2010 , problemática que se estudia tanto en discursos artísticos como mediáticos que circulan en la esfera pública. Descriptores: Comunicación, Mapuches, oratoria, comunicación intercultural, descolonización.

Narrativas sobre la conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas colombianos, 1993-2013

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Zulma C. Urrego-Mendoza

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: comprender la conducta suicida que ha afectado a los pueblos indígenas de Colombia y sus procesos de determinación social, durante el periodo 1993-2013. Metodología: a partir de fuentes orales y de prensa escrita, esta investigación cualitativa fue desarrollada desde el paradigma hermenéutico-interpretativo, empleando análisis narrativo. Resultados: se evidencian manifestaciones de conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas no solo como acciones recientes, sino remitidas a hechos históricos, especialmente durante la Colonia, cuando el suicidio colectivo se empleó como repertorio de resistencia frente a la invasión y opresión. Actualmente, la emergencia de la conducta suicida en estos pueblos responde a problemas estructurales, a procesos sociales impuestos que se contraponen con las cosmovisiones indígenas, alterando sus concepciones de vida y de interacción con el territorio. Discusión: para los pueblos indígenas de Colombia, la interpretación más cercana a este problema está asociada con la exacerbación de seres y existencias espirituales que alteran el orden del territorio, desatados a partir de procesos perturbadores foráneos, tales como la presencia de actores armados, empresas transnacionales, colonos, violencia directa y estructural sobre indígenas y despojo territorial. Conclusiones: la conducta suicida en los pueblos indígenas de Colombia debe comprenderse y abordarse como el emergente de procesos estructurales destructivos de los modos de vida propios, que aseguran el buen vivir individual y colectivo de los pobladores originarios, y se ven coartados por la irrupción violenta de la sociedad mayoritaria en sus territorios.

A century of plant virus management in the Salinas valley of California, 'East of Eden'.

Science.gov (United States)

Wisler, G C; Duffus, J E

2000-11-01

The mild climate of the Salinas Valley, CA lends itself well to a diverse agricultural industry. However, the diversity of weeds, crops and insect and fungal vectors also provide favorable conditions for plant virus disease development. This paper considers the incidence and management of several plant viruses that have caused serious epidemics and been significant in the agricultural development of the Salinas Valley during the 20th century. Beet curly top virus (BCTV) almost destroyed the newly established sugarbeet industry soon after its establishment in the 1870s. A combination of resistant varieties, cultural management of beet crops to provide early plant emergence and development, and a highly coordinated beet leafhopper vector scouting and spray programme have achieved adequate control of BCTV. These programmes were first developed by the USDA and still operate. Lettuce mosaic virus was first recognized as causing a serious disease of lettuce crops in the 1930s. The virus is still a threat but it is controlled by a lettuce-free period in December and a seed certification programme that allows only seed lots with less than one infected seed in 30000 to be grown. 'Virus Yellows' is a term used to describe a complex of yellows inducing viruses which affect mainly sugarbeet and lettuce. These viruses include Beet yellows virus and Beet western yellows virus. During the 1950s, the complex caused significant yield losses to susceptible crops in the Salinas Valley. A beet-free period was introduced and is still used for control. The fungus-borne rhizomania disease of sugarbeet caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus was first detected in Salinas Valley in 1983. Assumed to have been introduced from Europe, this virus has now become widespread in California wherever beets are grown and crop losses can be as high as 100%. Movement of infested soil and beets accounts for its spread throughout the beet-growing regions of the United States. Control of rhizomania

Antioxidant activity of three microalgae Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana clone Tahiti

Science.gov (United States)

Widowati, Ita; Zainuri, Muhammad; Pancasakti Kusumaningrum, Hermien; Susilowati, Ragil; Hardivillier, Yann; Leignel, Vincent; Bourgougnon, Nathalie; Mouget, Jean-Luc

2017-02-01

Natural alternatives antioxidant source has become a trending topic in the past decades to replace synthetic antioxidant. Microalgae have been mentioned to show interesting bioactive properties and one of them is its antioxidant activity. This study aims to evaluate the potential of three microalgae Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbanaas new source of natural antioxidant. Proximate analysis and total phenolic content of D. salina, T. chuii and I. galbanas were determined. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of these three species prepared in different concentration (50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm) was performed through DPPH assay. I. galbana clone Tahiti demonstrated a highest antioxidant potential with 61.64 of inhibition at 50 ppm followed by D. salina with 58.45 % of inhibition and T. chuii with 52.58 % of inhibition. I. galbana clone Tahiti was the best antioxidant with total phenol content of 17.798 mg GAE g-1 extract at 50 ppm; followed by T. chuii 16.868 mg GAE g-1 extract and the lowest was D. salina with 4.672 mg GAE g-1 extract. Results suggest that these microalgae posses antioxidant potential which could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements, cosmetics or food industries.

Evaluation of the photodynamic activity of Xanthene Dyes on Artemia salina described by chemometric approaches

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Diogo S. Pellosi

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The development of drugs for photodynamic therapy (PDT is an important area of research due to their growing use in medical applications. Therefore, it is important to develop new bioassay methods for PDT photosensitizers that are inexpensive, easy to handle and highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Xanthene dyes (fluorescein, rose bengal B, erythrosine B and eosin Y with LED light sources were investigated using Artemia salina as a bioindicator of photodynamic activity. In this study, three factors were investigated: (i photosensitizers concentration, (ii the LED irradiation time and (iii the waiting time between the addition of the photosensitizers and the beginning of the irradiation. To analyze the photo-killing of A. salina, it was employed a 23 full factorial design. The death of A. salina was related to dye structure and the interaction between the irradiation time and the photosensitizers concentration. About 60% of crustaceans death was obtained using rose bengal B, which presentes the highest quantum yield of singlet oxygen due to the number of iodide substituents in the xanthenes ring. The proposed bioassay using A. salina, xanthene dyes and LED irradiation was found suitable for quantitative PDT drug evaluation.

IX. El Decenio Internacional de los Pueblos Indígenas del Mundo

OpenAIRE

Tum, Rigoberta Menchú

2014-01-01

Han pasado más de 500 años de oscuridad, y hoy sabemos que éste es el tiempo de profundizar en la lucha por el nuevo amanecer que ha de alumbrar el futuro de nuestros pueblos. A lo largo de los últimos años, los pueblos indígenas hemos realizado importantes actividades a nivel nacional, regional y mundial promoviendo así una amplia discusión acerca del estado de nuestros derechos y de la recuperación de nuestra cultura milenaria. De la misma manera, también se hicieron esfuerzos coordinados a...

INFLUENCIA DE LA SALINIDAD Y LA IRRADIANCIA SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO Y COMPOSICIÓN BIOQUÍMICA DE UNA NUEVA CEPA DE Dunaliella salina, PROVENIENTE DE LAS SALINAS DE ARAYA, VENEZUELA | INFLUENCE OF SALINITY AND IRRADIANCE ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A NEW STRAIN of Dunaliella salina FROM THE ARAYA

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Miguel Guevara

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Dunaliella salina is a microalga used for the production of metabolites of high industrial and pharmaceutical value. The combined effect of irradiance and salinity on growth, pigment production and biochemical composition of this strain were evaluated in order to contribute to the knowledge of the physiological responses of this new isolate of D. salina from Araya saltworks, to changes in the conditions of its environment. It was aslo intendend to increase the variety of native microalgae species which can serve as sources of bioproduction for bioactive compounds, biomass and metabolites of application in pharmaceuticals and biomedical industries. Batch cultures of the strain of D. salina were conducted for 22 d at f/2 medium Guillard (0.88 mmol.L-1 of nitrogen at 27 ± 2°C, pH 7.8; photoperiod 12 h light: 12 h darkness, continuous aeration (150 mL.L-1 in two salinities (40 and 250 UPS and irradiances (195 and 295 µmolphotons.m-2.s-1. Population growth was evaluated daily and at the end of the trial the contents of biomass, pigments, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and cell size were determined. The growth rate of the new strain of D. salina decreased with increasing salinity and irradiance. However, cell size, biomass, content of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, total carotenoids and β-carotene increased with increasing irradiance and salinity. In addition, the potential of this strain for the production of β-carotene was shown.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Dunaliella (Chlorophyta) from Indian salinas and their diversity

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Background The genus Dunaliella (Class – Chlorophyceae) is widely studied for its tolerance to extreme habitat conditions, physiological aspects and many biotechnological applications, such as a source of carotenoids and many other bioactive compounds. Biochemical and molecular characterization is very much essential to fully explore the properties and possibilities of the new isolates of Dunaliella. In India, hyper saline lakes and salt pans were reported to bloom with Dunaliella spp. However, except for the economically important D. salina, other species are rarely characterized taxonomically from India. Present study was conducted to describe Dunaliella strains from Indian salinas using a combined morphological, physiological and molecular approach with an aim to have a better understanding on the taxonomy and diversity of this genus from India. Results Comparative phenotypic and genetic studies revealed high level of diversity within the Indian Dunaliella isolates. Species level identification using morphological characteristics clearly delineated two strains of D. salina with considerable β-carotene content (>20 pg/cell). The variation in 18S rRNA gene size, amplified with MA1-MA2 primers, ranged between ~1800 and ~2650 base pairs, and together with the phylogeny based on ITS gene sequence provided a pattern, forming five different groups within Indian Dunaliella isolates. Superficial congruency was observed between ITS and rbcL gene phylogenetic trees with consistent formation of major clades separating Indian isolates into two distinct clusters, one with D. salina and allied strains, and another one with D. viridis and allied strains. Further in both the trees, few isolates showed high level of genetic divergence than reported previously for Dunaliella spp. This indicates the scope of more numbers of clearly defined/unidentified species/sub-species within Indian Dunaliella isolates. Conclusion Present work illustrates Indian Dunaliella strains

UN PRIVILEGIO PARA EL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN: SUS PUEBLOS MÁGICOS

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Horacio Mercado Vargas

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El Estado de Michoacán, que se ubica en la parte del extremo sur occidental de México, posee paisajes muy hermosos: de bosques, praderas y lagunas de gran belleza, montañas y volcanes que descienden hacia el mar. Es uno de los más ricos en recursos naturales. La Secretaría de Turismo, diversas entidades del gobierno federal y gobiernos estatales y municipales desarrollaron el Programa de Pueblos Mágicos, para darle un valor a ciertas poblaciones del país que tienen características culturales y que llaman la atención de los visitantes mexicanos y extranjeros. Michoacán es una entidad que por sus características culturales, se distingue del resto de las entidades, y por ello es el estado con mayor número de Pueblos Mágicos en todo el país. La belleza y cultura de Michoacán se puede constatar en sus Pueblos Mágicos, que siempre recordarán los visitantes. Sus formas, colores y tradiciones son expresiones de un pasado lleno de gloria que se manifiesta en el presente.

De Pueblos, Ciudades Y Metrópolis: Urbanitas Y Urbanismos

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Juan José Plata

2002-02-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo se busca dar cuenta de los procesos de cambio sociocultural de pueblos y ciudades a partir de mi propia experiencia como urbanita migrante, pues como señala Manuel Delgado[1] ser urbanita es ser habitante del espacio público, en múltiples viajes, en cruces inesperados, en los que se construye ese modo de ser urbano que no se puede reducir a la ciudad, a sus múltiples dispositivos, es más expresión de esa características emergentes del modo de habitarla en tanto ciudadanos y urbanitas. La experiencia que se recorre es la vivencia transcurrida del pueblo (La Mesa a la ciudad moderna (Medellín, Bogotá, en sus múltiples idas y vueltas.Dado que la población de la ciudad no se reproduce a sí misma, ha de reclutar a sus inmigrantes en otras ciudades, en el campo y en otros países. La ciudad ha sido así históricamente crisol de razas, pueblos y culturas y un vivero propicio de híbridos culturales y biológicos nuevos. No sólo ha tolerado las diferencias individuales, las ha fomentado. Ha unido a individuos procedentes de puntos extremos del planeta porque eran diferentes y útiles por ello mutuamente, más que porque fuesen homogéneos y similares en su mentalidad. Louis Wirth, "El urbanismo como forma de vida"

Studies on experimental culture of a marine ciliate Fabrea salina

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Rattan, R.; Ansari, Z.A.; Chatterji, A.

Studies were conducted on the culture of a marine ciliate, Fabrea salina in the laboratory condition. Three types of inert feed; commercial yeast, fermented wheat bran and fermented rise bran were tested to study their suitability as artificial feed...

Phototoxicity activity of Psoralea drupacea L. using Atremia salina bioassay system

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Mohammad Ramezani

2011-07-01

Conclusion: The result showed that P. drupacea methanolic extract and chloroform fraction have phototoxicity in A. salina bioassay system and their toxic effect is related to phototoxic constituents such as psoralen.

Em torno da luz cristalina: clara voz de Pedro Salinas

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Cristiano Moreira

2015-06-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2176-8552.2016n20p147 O texto que segue pretende ler a poesia de Pedro Salinas e Jorge Guillén diante de uma perspectiva que faz da voz uma iluminação e uma resistência diante do tempo histórico e da predominância de uma leitura simples das imagens. Assim, alguns poemas escolhidos permitem uma leitura contemporânea a respeito da voz, seguindo o conceito de Stimmung recuperado por Giorgio Agamben e as lições de poesia de Paul Valéry, e formam aspectos imprescindíveis para ler a poesia destes poetas. Ao manter em sua produção uma conversação com seus predecessores, Pedro Salinas joga com o logos e faz da phoné matéria prima para sua obra.

Sedentism, social change, warfare, and the bow in the ancient Pueblo Southwest.

Science.gov (United States)

Reed, Paul F; Geib, Phil R

2013-01-01

In the ancient American Southwest, use of the bow developed relatively rapidly among Pueblo people by the fifth century AD. This new technology replaced the millennia-old atlatl and dart weaponry system. Roughly 150 years later in the AD 600s, Pueblo socioeconomic organization began to evolve rapidly, as many groups adopted a much more sedentary life. Multiple factors converged to allow this sedentary pattern to emerge, but the role of the bow in this process has not been fully explored. In this paper, we trace the development of the bow and discuss its role as sedentism emerged and social changes occurred in ancient Puebloan society from the fifth through seventh centuries AD. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Growth effects on mixed culture of Dunaliella salina and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dunaliella salina and Phaeodactylum tricornutum are two important marine microalgae rich in bioactive substances and other high-value constituents. In this study, growth effects on mixed culture of these two microalgae were studied under different inoculation proportions (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) and low, medium and high ...

Feeding adult of Artemia salina (Crustacea-Branchiopoda on the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium corsicum (Gymnodiniales and the Chryptophyta Rhodomonas baltica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da Costa

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Experiments were carried out on feeding performance and survival rates of adult Artemia salina exposed to no axenic strains of the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium corsicum and of the Chryptophyta Rhodomonas baltica. Filtration rates on R. baltica and G. corsicum varied from 3.35 to 7.14 ml.artemia-1.h-1 and from 2.97 to 15.86 ml.artemia-1.h-1, respectively. The ingestion rates observed for A. salina did not indicate any digestive dysfunction or physiological impairment for organisms fed on G. corsicum and their functional response were similar to those observed for other organisms like copepod fed on different food concentrations. Mortality rates oscillated from 2.5% to 100% when A. salina was fed on R. baltica or G. corsicum, respectively. Highest mortality rates observed for organisms fed on G. corsicum indicated that this dinoflagellate presented a hazard effect on A. salina that was not possible to confirm if it was related to toxin production or to nutritive inadequacy of this dinoflagellate as food for organisms of this species.Experimentos foram desenvolvidos para estudar as taxas de alimentação e de sobrevivência de Artemia salina alimentada com cepas não tóxicas do dinoflagelado Gyrodinium corsicum e da Chryptophyta Rhodomonas baltica. As taxas de filtração sobre R. baltica e G. corsicum variaram entre 3,35 e 7,14 ml.artemia-1.h-1 e 2,97 e 15,86 ml.artemia-1.h-, respectivamente. As taxas de ingestão observadas para A. salina não indicaram disfunção digestiva ou prejuízo fisiológico nos organismos alimentados com G. corsicum, sendo a resposta funcional destes organismos similar a observada em copépodos alimentados com diferentes concentrações de alimento. As taxas de mortalidade de A. salina oscilaram entre 2,5 e 100% quando alimentada com R. baltica e G. corsicum, respectivamente. As maiores taxas de mortalidade observadas para os organismos alimentados com G. corsicum indicam que este dinoflagelado apresenta algum efeito

El sihkrutara, en la narrativa y en la memoria del pueblo Miskitu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gretta Paiz Malespín

2016-11-01

Full Text Available El sihkrutara evoca la manera que tiene el pueblo miskitu en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua y en el marco de su cultura milenaria en revitalizar y re-significar su pasado, asumirlo, promoverlo, contarlo y transmitirlo de una generación a otra. Con esta mirada, sihkrutara, es un relato analizado a la luz de la perspectiva planteada por Maurice Halbwachs, cuyo principal argumento consiste en que no existe memoria que no sea social. Desde la postura de Halbwachs, sihkrutara representa ese relato que los ancianos y la comunidad entera no quieren olvidar y lo mantienen vivo en los recuerdos, es una de esas narraciones en las cuales no se discute autenticidad, se conoce porque el pueblo miskitu mismo lo construye, lo reconstruye, lo rememora y lo comparte para que pueda ser comprendido y no quede en el olvido. A partir de una metodología de análisis textual y narrativo, este trabajo presenta las señales que entrega el relato del sihkrutara, en la manera que tiene el pueblo miskitu por recordar a sus muertos y por preservar una memoria ligada a procesos sociales, culturales, colectivos desde el entretejido de la verdadera historia.

La construcción política de los pueblos desde el posicionamiento moderno

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerardo Lépore

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Kant y Rawls representan el pensamiento moderno erigido desde la racionalidad. Los pueblos y los ciudadanos de este mundo se construyen políticamente desde una serie de leyes que definen nuestra condición como sujetos. Esa arquitectura política está en crisis, puesta en tela de juicio por los relativismos actuales. La concepción liberal supone la paz de los pueblos como naturaleza propia. Sostener dicha posición implica el desafío utópico y realista que nos compromete como humanos.

Geophysical Exploration of Tyuonyi Pueblo in Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, USA

Science.gov (United States)

Sica, C.; Graham, D.; Peacock, E.; Suen, C.; Creighton, A.; Carchedi, C.; Feucht, D. W.; Civitello, J. A.; Jarret, J.; Martin, C.; Ferguson, J. F.; McPhee, D.; Pellerin, L.

2017-12-01

The Summer of Applied Geophysical Experience (SAGE) class of 2017 carried out near-surface geophysical investigations of the Tyuonyi Pueblo of Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico in order to aid trail planning and identification of archeological features that could potentially be impacted. Tyuonyi is located in Frijoles Canyon, carved by the Rito de los Frijoles, between the SE flank of the Jemez Mountains and the Rio Grande, and contains pueblo room blocks, kivas and cavates that were occupied by ancestral Puebloans between 1350 and 1550 CE. SAGE collected seismic refraction, magnetic, electromagnetic (EM) and GPR data along targeted profiles and grids north and east of Tyuonyi Pueblo. Two 30 X 30 m grids of GPR data were recorded along 1-m spaced lines using the 250 MHz Sensors and Software NOGGIN® 250 Smart Tow and processed using the EKKO Project V5 program. Seismic refraction data were collected using a 48-channel Geometrics Strataview recorder and seven spreads with 0.5 m geophone spacing, a 6 m shot point interval, and a hammer source. Shot point offsets between 0.5 m and 48 m provided overlapping subsurface coverage. Seismic data from SAGE 2016 and 2017 were merged into a 168 m-long profile. Magnetic data were collected along 1-m spaced N-S lines in two 30 X 30 m grids and along the seismic line using a Geometrics 858 cesium vapor magnetometer. In addition, EM data were collected using a Geonics, EM-31 system along the seismic line. A velocity model was created to fit the seismic travel times. The GPR images and seismic model can be used to interpret the Quaternary geology of the site. These data trace incision of the Rito de los Frijoles into the Bandelier Tuff over several stages of the canyon development. The seismic model indicates a number of narrow, shallow channels carved into a broader strath. Holocene alluvial terrace deposits overlie the Bandelier Tuff surface, and the Tyuonyi Pueblo was constructed on top of the highest terrace. On the north

Nambe Pueblo Water Budget and Forecasting model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brainard, James Robert

2009-10-01

This report documents The Nambe Pueblo Water Budget and Water Forecasting model. The model has been constructed using Powersim Studio (PS), a software package designed to investigate complex systems where flows and accumulations are central to the system. Here PS has been used as a platform for modeling various aspects of Nambe Pueblo's current and future water use. The model contains three major components, the Water Forecast Component, Irrigation Scheduling Component, and the Reservoir Model Component. In each of the components, the user can change variables to investigate the impacts of water management scenarios on future water use. The Water Forecast Component includes forecasting for industrial, commercial, and livestock use. Domestic demand is also forecasted based on user specified current population, population growth rates, and per capita water consumption. Irrigation efficiencies are quantified in the Irrigated Agriculture component using critical information concerning diversion rates, acreages, ditch dimensions and seepage rates. Results from this section are used in the Water Demand Forecast, Irrigation Scheduling, and the Reservoir Model components. The Reservoir Component contains two sections, (1) Storage and Inflow Accumulations by Categories and (2) Release, Diversion and Shortages. Results from both sections are derived from the calibrated Nambe Reservoir model where historic, pre-dam or above dam USGS stream flow data is fed into the model and releases are calculated.

Prospecção fitoquímica de Sonchus oleraceus e sua toxicidade sobre o microcrustáceo Artemia salina Phytochemical prospecting of Sonchus oleraceus and its toxicity to Artemia salina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.M. Lima

2009-03-01

Full Text Available A espécie vegetal Sonchus oleraceus é uma planta daninha presente em diversas culturas no Brasil e de utilização na medicina popular. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica dessa espécie com extratos em etanol, água e diclorometano, bem como testes de toxicidade sobre o microcrustáceo Artemia salina. O extrato aquoso apresentou em sua composição açúcares redutores, compostos fenólicos, taninos, flavonóides e cumarinas. No extrato etanólico, observaram-se os mesmos compostos qualificados no extrato aquoso, com exceção de cumarinas. Em diclorometano, verificou se a presença de saponinas, derivados triterpênicos e esteróides. No teste de toxicidade sobre Artemia salina, os dados convergiram para frações de extrato aquoso de 5.117,2 ppm, indicando ser um extrato de baixa toxicidade.Sonchus oleraceus is a common weed in Brazil, also used as a medicinal plant. Phytochemical prospecting of this species was carried out in this work using extracts obtained in ethanol, water and dichloromethane. A toxicity study of the aqueous extract was also conducted, using the micro crustaceous Artemia salina. The aqueous extract presented sugar reducers, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and coumarins in its composition. The compounds found in the aqueous extract were also detected in the ethanol extract, except for the coumarins. Saponin, triterpenes and steroids were identified in the dichloromethane extract. The toxicity test on Artemia salina pointed to aqueous extract fractions of 5,117.2 ppm, indicative of low toxicity.

National Uranium Resource Evaluation: Salina Quadrangle, Utah

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lupe, R.D.; Campbell, J.A.; Franczyk, K.J.; Luft, S.J.; Peterson, F.; Robinson, K.

1982-09-01

Two stratigraphic units, the Late Jurassic Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation and the Triassic Chinle Formation, were determined to be favorable for the occurrence of uranium deposits that meet the minimum size and grade requirements of the US Department of Energy in the Salina 1 x 2 0 Quadrangle, Utah. Three areas judged favorable for the Salt Wash Member are the Tidwell and Notom districts, and the Henry Mountains mineral belt. The criteria used to establish favorability were the presence of: (1) fluvial sandstone beds deposited by low-energy streams; (2) actively moving major and minor structures such as the Paradox basin and the many folds within it; (3) paleostream transport directions approximately perpendicular to the trend of many of the paleofolds; (4) presence of favorable gray lacustrine mudstone beds; and (5) known uranium occurrences associated with the favorable gray mudstones. Four favorable areas have been outlined for the Chinle Formation. These are the San Rafael Swell, Inter River, and the Orange Cliffs subareas and the Capitol Reef area. The criteria used to establish these areas are: the sandstone-to-mudstone ratios and the geographic distribution of the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation which is considered as the probable source for the uranium

Heterologous overexpression of sfCherry fluorescent protein in Nannochloropsis salina

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Nam Kyu Kang

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Oleaginous microalgae of the Nannochloropsis genus are considered excellent candidates for biofuels and value-added products owing to their high biomass productivity and lipid content. Here, we report the first overexpression and detection of a heterologous sfCherry fluorescent protein in Nannochloropsis salina in order to develop a transformation toolbox for future genetic improvements. Particle bombardment was employed for transformation, and expression of Shble under the control of TUB and UEP promoters, cloned from N. salina, was used to confer resistance to Zeocin antibiotics, resulting in 5.9 and 4.7 transformants per 108 cells, respectively. Stable integration of the markers into the genome was confirmed using a restriction enzyme site-directed amplification (RESDA PCR. The expression of sfCherry fluorescent protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. These results suggest new possibilities of efficient genetic engineering of Nannochloropsis for the production of biofuels and other biochemicals.

Effect of enriched Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina nauplii by ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The growth, developmental stages and survival rates of Sparus aurata larvae fed with Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina nauplii enriched by microalga Tetraselmis chuii were studied. Two experiments were carried out; the first concerning with culturing the microalga (T. chuii) in four different media, then using these ...

High-EPA Biomass from Nannochloropsis salina Cultivated in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor on a Process Water-Enriched Growth Medium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamed Safafar

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Nannochloropsis salina was grown on a mixture of standard growth media and pre-gasified industrial process water representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of enriched growth media and cultivation time on nutritional composition of Nannochloropsis salina biomass, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA. Variations in fatty acid composition, lipids, protein, amino acids, tocopherols and pigments were studied and results compared to algae cultivated on F/2 media as reference. Mixed growth media and process water enhanced the nutritional quality of Nannochloropsis salina in laboratory scale when compared to algae cultivated in standard F/2 medium. Data from laboratory scale translated to the large scale using a 4000 L flat panel photo-bioreactor system. The algae growth rate in winter conditions in Denmark was slow, but results revealed that large-scale cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina at these conditions could improve the nutritional properties such as EPA, tocopherol, protein and carotenoids compared to laboratory-scale cultivated microalgae. EPA reached 44.2% ± 2.30% of total fatty acids, and α-tocopherol reached 431 ± 28 µg/g of biomass dry weight after 21 days of cultivation. Variations in chemical compositions of Nannochloropsis salina were studied during the course of cultivation. Nannochloropsis salina can be presented as a good candidate for winter time cultivation in Denmark. The resulting biomass is a rich source of EPA and also a good source of protein (amino acids, tocopherols and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.

Nitrate Contamination of Deep Aquifers in the Salinas Valley, California

Science.gov (United States)

Moran, J. E.; Esser, B. K.; Hillegonds, D. J.; Holtz, M.; Roberts, S. K.; Singleton, M. J.; Visser, A.; Kulongoski, J. T.; Belitz, K.

2011-12-01

The Salinas Valley, known as 'the salad bowl of the world', has been an agricultural center for more than 100 years. Irrigated row crops such as lettuce and strawberries dominate both land use and water use. Groundwater is the exclusive supply for both irrigation and drinking water. Some irrigation wells and most public water supply wells in the Salinas Valley are constructed to draw water from deep portions of the aquifer system, where contamination by nitrate is less likely than in the shallow portions of the aquifer system. However, a number of wells with top perforations greater than 75 m deep, screened below confining or semi-confining units, have nitrate concentrations greater than the Maximum Contaminant Limit (MCL) of 45 mg/L as NO3-. This study uses nitrate concentrations from several hundred irrigation, drinking water, and monitoring wells (Monterey County Water Resources Agency, 1997), along with tritium-helium groundwater ages acquired at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through the State of California Groundwater Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) program (reported in Kulongoski et al., 2007 and in Moran et al., in press), to identify nitrate 'hot spots' in the deep aquifer and to examine possible modes of nitrate transport to the deep aquifer. In addition, observed apparent groundwater ages are compared with the results of transport simulations that use particle tracking and a stochastic-geostatistical framework to incorporate aquifer heterogeneity to determine the distribution of travel times from the water table to each well (Fogg et al., 1999). The combined evidence from nitrate, tritium, tritiogenic 3He, and radiogenic 4He concentrations, reveals complex recharge and flow to the capture zone of the deep drinking water wells. Widespread groundwater pumping for irrigation accelerates vertical groundwater flow such that high nitrate groundwater reaches some deep drinking water wells. Deeper portions of the wells often draw in water that recharged

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Donghai; You, Hong; Du, Jiaxuan; Chen, Chuan; Jin, Darui

2011-01-01

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of effluent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation efficiency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation efficiency and ch1-a removal efficiency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of effluent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.

Smart SfM: Salinas Archaeological Museum

Science.gov (United States)

Inzerillo, L.

2017-08-01

In these last years, there has been an increasing use of the Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques applied to Cultural Heritage. The accessibility of SfM software can be especially advantageous to users in non-technical fields or to those with limited resources. Thanks to SfM using, everyone can make with a digital camera a 3D model applied to an object of both Cultural Heritage, and physically Environment, and work arts, etc. One very interesting and useful application can be envisioned into museum collection digitalization. In the last years, a social experiment has been conducted involving young generation to live a social museum using their own camera to take pictures and videos. Students of university of Catania and Palermo were involved into a national event #digitalinvasion (2015-2016 editions) offering their personal contribution: they realized 3D models of the museums collection through the SfM techniques. In particular at the National Archaeological Museum Salinas in Palermo, it has been conducted an organized survey to recognize the most important part of the archaeological collection. It was a success: in both #digitalinvasion National Event 2015 and 2016 the young students of Engineering classes carried out, with Photoscan Agisoft, more than one hundred 3D models some of which realized by phone camera and some other by reflex camera and some other with compact camera too. The director of the museum has been very impressed from these results and now we are going to collaborate at a National project to use the young generation crowdsourcing to realize a semi-automated monitoring system at Salinas Archaeological Museum.

SMART SfM: SALINAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Inzerillo

2017-08-01

Full Text Available In these last years, there has been an increasing use of the Structure from Motion (SfM techniques applied to Cultural Heritage. The accessibility of SfM software can be especially advantageous to users in non-technical fields or to those with limited resources. Thanks to SfM using, everyone can make with a digital camera a 3D model applied to an object of both Cultural Heritage, and physically Environment, and work arts, etc. One very interesting and useful application can be envisioned into museum collection digitalization. In the last years, a social experiment has been conducted involving young generation to live a social museum using their own camera to take pictures and videos. Students of university of Catania and Palermo were involved into a national event #digitalinvasion (2015-2016 editions offering their personal contribution: they realized 3D models of the museums collection through the SfM techniques. In particular at the National Archaeological Museum Salinas in Palermo, it has been conducted an organized survey to recognize the most important part of the archaeological collection. It was a success: in both #digitalinvasion National Event 2015 and 2016 the young students of Engineering classes carried out, with Photoscan Agisoft, more than one hundred 3D models some of which realized by phone camera and some other by reflex camera and some other with compact camera too. The director of the museum has been very impressed from these results and now we are going to collaborate at a National project to use the young generation crowdsourcing to realize a semi-automated monitoring system at Salinas Archaeological Museum.

Pueblos originarios: comunicación con identidad

OpenAIRE

Manasanch, Anabel

2010-01-01

Argentina comenzó a debatir una nueva legislación para sus medios audiovisuales. Los representantes indígenas se están movilizando para intervenir en la disputa y exigir que el anteproyecto de Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual, que impulsa el gobierno nacional, incorpore el derecho a la comunicación de los aborígenes. Su reclamo incluye una radio AM, un canal de televisión abierta por Pueblo Originario y una radio FM por comunidad. Argentina began to debate a new legislation for...

La legislación internacional sobre pueblos indígenas en el ordenamiento territorial y planes de desarrollo económico

OpenAIRE

Ibañez Sánchez, Miguel

2016-01-01

La situación de los pueblos indígenas ha sido largamente documentada en la historia peruana y ha estado ligada al despojo de sus tierras, territorios y recursos naturales. El modelo extractivo de crecimiento económico ha incrementado las actividades mineras, forestales y la producción de petróleo, en territorios de pueblos indígenas. Por otro lado, el ordenamiento territorial, la zonificación ecológica y los incentivos a la inversión privada, cada vez excluyen a los pueblos indígenas poniendo...

Partnering with Pueblos: Involving American Indians in environmental restoration activities at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaner, M.H.; Naranjo, L. Jr.

1995-01-01

Many communities in the area surrounding Los Alamos are very concerned about the environmental impact past and current Laboratory operations have on their communities. Their main concerns are contamination of water, soil and air as well as the hazardous and radioactive wastes stored at the Laboratory site. Environmental surveillance results show that contamination may have migrated off-site through the canyons of the Pajarito Plateau to the Rio Grande. San Ildefonso Pueblo and Cochiti Pueblo are located downstream from the canyons that drain the Los Alamos town site and Laboratory lands. Several other pueblos are also located downstream from the Laboratory. The Pueblos located upstream from the laboratory indicated that contamination of air and worry about the contamination of the animals they hunt for food is a more important concern to them. There are many canyons that drain the areas where Los Alamos and Laboratory property are located. To be able to characterize those canyons that are known or suspected to have received contamination, the ER Project needs to prepare RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) work plans for approval by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Once EPA approves the work plant, characterization activities can start for the specific areas identified in the work plan

Metabolic engineering of Dunaliella salina for production of ketocarotenoids.

Science.gov (United States)

Anila, N; Simon, Daris P; Chandrashekar, Arun; Ravishankar, G A; Sarada, R

2016-03-01

Dunaliella is a commercially important marine alga producing high amount of β-carotene. The use of Dunaliella as a potential transgenic system for the production of recombinant proteins has been recently recognized. The present study reports for the first time the metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina for ketocarotenoid production. The pathway modification included the introduction of a bkt gene from H. pluvialis encoding β-carotene ketolase (4,4'β-oxygenase) along with chloroplast targeting for the production of ketocarotenoids. The bkt under the control of Dunaliella Rubisco smaller subunit promoter along with its transit peptide sequence was introduced into the alga through standardized Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. The selected transformants were confirmed using GFP and GUS expression, PCR and southern blot analysis. A notable upregulation of the endogenous hydroxylase level of transformants was observed where the BKT expression was higher in nutrient-limiting conditions. Carotenoid analysis of the transformants through HPLC and MS analysis showed the presence of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin with maximum content of 3.5 and 1.9 µg/g DW, respectively. The present study reports the feasibility of using D. salina for the production of ketocarotenoids including astaxanthin.

Radionuclide concentrations in soils and produce from Cochiti, Jemez, Taos, and San Ildefonso Pueblo Gardens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fresquez, P.R.; Armstrong, D.R.; Salazar, J.G.

1995-05-01

Radionuclide ( 3 H, 90 Sr, 137 Cs, 238 Pu, 239 Pu, and total uranium) concentrations were determined in soils and produce collected from Cochiti, Jemez, Taos, and San Ildefonso Pueblo gardens. All radionuclides in soils from Pueblo areas were within or just above regional statistical (natural and/or worldwide fallout) reference levels. Similarily, the average levels of radionuclides in produce collected from Cochiti, Jemez, Taos, and San Ildefonso Pueblo gardens were not significantly different in produce collected from regional (background) locations. The effective (radiation) dose equivalent from consuming 352 lb of produce from Cochiti, Jemez, Taos, and San Ildefonso, after natural background has been subtracted, was 0.036 (±0.016), 0.072 (±0.051), 0.012 (±0.027), and 0.110 (±0.102) mrem/yr, respectively. The highest calculated dose, based on the mean + 2 std dev (95% confidence level), was 0.314 mrem/yr; this was <0.4% of the International Commission on Radiological Protection permissible dose limit for protecting members of the public

Nesting ecology of Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta in Sfax salina ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In this paper we use the results of a one-year monitoring of nests in Sfax salina to provide information on its nesting parameters, in particular nesting phenology, colony size and hatching success. Our results show that Pied Avocets formed dense colonies at the beginning of the nesting season, but colony size decreased as ...

High-EPA Biomass from Nannochloropsis salina Cultivated in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor on a Process Water-Enriched Growth Medium

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Safafar, Hamed; Hass, Michael Z.; Møller, Per

2016-01-01

salina biomass, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Variations in fatty acid composition, lipids, protein, amino acids, tocopherols and pigments were studied and results compared to algae cultivated on F/2 media as reference. Mixed growth media and process water enhanced the nutritional quality...... of Nannochloropsis salina in laboratory scale when compared to algae cultivated in standard F/2 medium. Data from laboratory scale translated to the large scaleusing a 4000 L flat panel photo-bioreactor system. The algae growth rate in winter conditions in Denmark was slow, but results revealed that large...... after 21 days of cultivation. Variations in chemical compositions of Nannochloropsis salina were studied during the course of cultivation. Nannochloropsis salina can be presented as a good candidate for winter time cultivation in Denmark.The resulting biomass is a rich source of EPA and also a good...

Environmental analysis of Acid/middle Pueblo Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferenbaugh, R.W.; Buhl, T.E.; Stoker, A.K.; Hansen, W.R.

1982-08-01

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, and Pueblo Canyon found residual radioactivity at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons, all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of radioactive material is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. The only areas where residual radioactivity exceeds the proposed cleanup criteria are at the former vehicle decontamination facility, located between the former treatment plant site and Acid Canyon, around the former untreated waste outfall and for a short distance below, and in two small areas farther down in Acid Canyon. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to fence the areas where the residual radioactivity exceeds the proposed criteria (minimal action), and (3) to clean up the former vehicle decontamination facility and around the former untreated waste outfall. Calculations based on actual measurements indicate that the annual dose at the location having the greatest residual radioactivity would be about 12% of the applicable guideline. Most doses are much smaller than that. No environmental impacts are associated with either the no-action or minimal action alternatives. The impact associated with the cleanup alternative is very small. The preferred alternative is to clean up the areas around the former vehicle decontamination facility and the untreated waste outfall. This course of action is recommended not because of any real danger associated with the residual radioactivity, but rather because the cleanup operation is a minor effort and would conform with the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) philosophy

Environmental analysis of Acid/middle Pueblo Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferenbaugh, R.W.; Buhl, T.E.; Stoker, A.K.; Hansen, W.R.

1982-08-01

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, and Pueblo Canyon found residual radioactivity at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons, all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of radioactive material is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. The only areas where residual radioactivity exceeds the proposed cleanup criteria are at the former vehicle decontamination facility, located between the former treatment plant site and Acid Canyon, around the former untreated waste outfall and for a short distance below, and in two small areas farther down in Acid Canyon. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to fence the areas where the residual radioactivity exceeds the proposed criteria (minimal action), and (3) to clean up the former vehicle decontamination facility and around the former untreated waste outfall. Calculations based on actual measurements indicate that the annual dose at the location having the greatest residual radioactivity would be about 12% of the applicable guideline. Most doses are much smaller than that. No environmental impacts are associated with either the no-action or minimal action alternatives. The impact associated with the cleanup alternative is very small. The preferred alternative is to clean up the areas around the former vehicle decontamination facility and the untreated waste outfall. This course of action is recommended not because of any real danger associated with the residual radioactivity, but rather because the cleanup operation is a minor effort and would conform with the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) philosophy.

El mito de la unidad del pueblo.

OpenAIRE

Arenas, Nelly; Gómez Calcaño, Luis

2007-01-01

Presentación. Ramos Jiménez, Alfredo Los círculos bolivarianos. El mito de la unidad del pueblo. Arenas, Nelly y Gómez Calcaño, Luis Lo massmediático y las sociedades contemporáneas. Un acercamiento a la relación medios-democracia. Briceño Romero, Ysabel La economía ambiental y la política ambiental. Caraballo, Leonardo Javier Veinte años de democracia en la Argentina. ¿Qué democracia? Kers, Mercedes y Leiras, Santiago C. La ciencia de la política. Bolívar ...

Infraestructura y calidad educativa entre los pueblos indígenas originarios sonorenses

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José Ángel Vera-Noriega

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo se centra en el análisis de la percepción entre los pueblos indígenas originarios de Sonora sobre la infraestructura y calidad educativa para la formación de sus descendientes. Participaron 1.329 personas con un promedio de 50 años de edad y desviación estándar de 16 años, 928 mujeres y 401 hombres. Los resultados indican la prevalencia de una percepción de falta de infraestructura para mejorar la calidad educativa de los niños y jóvenes indígenas. Además, se encontraron diferencias entre los siete pueblos indígenas con respecto a la problemática educativa. Los grupos que mejor están ubicados, en cuanto a acceso educativo, son aquellos que exhiben mayor desplazamiento de su lengua materna.

Ecology of a heterotrichous ciliate Fabrea salina from salterns of Bombay Coast, India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Rattan, P.; Ansari, Z.A.; Sreepada, R.A.

The abundance and population size structure of a heterotrichous ciliate @iFabrea salina@@, was studied in relation to hydrochemical and hydrobiological variables in three hypersaline ponds of Bombay, west coast of India There was a clear seasonal...

COMUNIDAD AGRARIA Y AUTONOMÍAS PARA EL PUEBLO MAPUCHE (1953-1972.

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AUGUSTO SAMANIEGO MESÍAS

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Alejandro Lipschutz Friedman (1883-1980, medico y fisiólogo nacido en Letonia, adquirió la nacionalidad chilena luego de llegar al país contratado por la Universidad de Concepción (1926. Publicó su primer libro étno-histórico en 1935, sobre indoamericanismo. Fue reconocido internacionalmente como fisiólogo y el Estado de Chile le otorgó, por primera vez, el Premio Nacional de Ciencias. Participó en la fundación del Instituto Indigenista Inter-americano y su correspondiente en Chile. Desde los ’50 interpretó la comunidad indígena con el método marxista y expuso una visión concreta del reconocimiento étnico y del futuro de los pueblos originarios en el Estado nacional. Gran parte de sus estudios abordaron las políticas del indigenismo y fue impulsor del desarrollo del llamado indianismo. Hacia 1972, en el Chile de Allende, culminó su vida intelectual activa insistiendo en la propuesta de un «buen arreglo...con autonomía (para los pueblos amerindios...en el marco de la Nación chilena». Este artículo estudia su análisis sobre las comunidades agrario mapuche (1953.1972. En especial, su concepción marxista y adhesión a un proyecto de socialismo que se confrontó intelectualmente con la tradición y las políticas liberales. El tema central es la construcción de autonomías étnico-políticas en debate con la idea del progreso y de la integración del pueblo indígena, sostenido por la visión de la modernidad liberal.

Cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina using anaerobic digestion effluent as a nutrient source for biofuel production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai, Ting; Park, Stephen Y.; Racharaks, Ratanachat; Li, Yebo

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina with effluent of anaerobic digestion (AD). • The highest biomass yield was obtained at 6% AD effluent loading. • Lipid content and productivity decreased with increased effluent loading from 3% to 18%. • Biomass productivity increased by up to 49% as harvest ratio increased from 25% to 50%. - Abstract: The biomass and lipid productivities and the nutrient removal capacity of microalgae Nannochloropsis salina grown using anaerobically digested municipal wastewater effluent as a nutrient source were evaluated in this study. Results from bench-scale batch reactors showed that N. salina grew well under 3%, 6%, 12%, and 18% (v/v) anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent loading with the highest growth rate being 0.645 d −1 obtained at 6% AD effluent loading. The growth of N. salina decreased when the effluent loading was increased to 24%. The highest biomass productivity of 92 mg l −1 d −1 was obtained with 6% effluent loading. Three harvesting frequencies (1, 2, and 3 d intervals) and two harvesting ratios (25% and 50%, v/v) were tested in semi-continuous bench-scale reactors with 6% effluent loading. The highest lipid productivity of 38.7 mg l −1 d −1 was achieved with a 2-d harvesting interval and 50% harvesting ratio, where nitrogen and phosphorus were removed at rates of 35.3 mg l −1 d −1 and 3.8 mg l −1 d −1 , respectively. The fatty acid (FA) profile showed that palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) were the major components, accounting for 32.1%, 26%, and 15.7% of the total FAs, respectively

La evanescencia del pueblo y los usos del romancero como factor de identidad política

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Díaz Viana, Luis

2011-10-01

Full Text Available The compilation and study of the ballad tradition in general and the romancero in particular, have constituted, since they began to wake up the interest of the romantic folklorists, a specially propitious field to be used like factor of reconstruction of political identities. The fact that music and text they are in all ballad traditions united and combined fosters that potentiality. What this work discusses is why in the case of romancero the dominant tendency in research has been characterized until present times by the approach on a national or Hispanic scale, getting to even advise against the practice of the regional or provincial collections. And what methodological changes have been carried out by this position, which cannot be separated, on the other hand, from a theoretical concept of folk as national folk and which determines, in parallel, the evanescence and liquation of located and particular people, those who not only transmit, but also create culture, the true folk.

La recopilación y el estudio de la balada en general, y del romancero en particular, ha constituido, desde que se empieza a despertar el interés de los folkloristas románticos, un campo especialmente propicio para ser utilizado como factor de reconstrucción de identidades políticas. El hecho de que música y texto estén en toda baladística inseparablemente unidos favorece esa potencialidad. Lo que este trabajo se plantea es por qué en el caso del romancero la tendencia dominante en su estudio se ha caracterizado hasta el presente por un enfoque a escala nacional o hispánico, llegando a desaconsejarse incluso la práctica de las colecciones regionales o provinciales. Y qué condicionamientos metodológicos ha acarreado esta postura, a la que no se puede desligar –de otro lado– de una determinada concepción teórica de pueblo, como pueblo-nación, la cual viene a determinar –paralelamente– la evanescencia y licuación de una gente o pueblo m

Identifying primary stressors impacting macroinvertebrates in the Salinas River (California, USA): Relative effects of pesticides and suspended particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, B.S.; Phillips, B.M.; Hunt, J.W.; Connor, V.; Richard, N.; Tjeerdema, R.S.

2006-01-01

Laboratory dose-response experiments with organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, and dose-response experiments with increasing particle loads were used to determine which of these stressors were likely responsible for the toxicity and macroinvertebrate impacts previously observed in the Salinas River. Experiments were conducted with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, the baetid mayfly Procloeon sp., and the midge Chironomus dilutus (Shobanov, formerly Chironomus tentans). The results indicate the primary stressor impacting H. azteca was pesticides, including chlorpyrifos and permethrin. The mayfly Procloeon sp. was sensitive to chlorpyrifos and permethrin within the range of concentrations of these pesticides measured in the river. Chironomus dilutus were sensitive to chlorpyrifos within the ranges of concentrations measured in the river. None of the species tested were affected by turbidity as high as 1000 NTUs. The current study shows that pesticides are more important acute stressors of macroinvertebrates than suspended sediments in the Salinas River. - Pesticides are the primary stressor impacting macroinvertebrates in sections of the lower Salinas River

Identifying primary stressors impacting macroinvertebrates in the Salinas River (California, USA): Relative effects of pesticides and suspended particles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, B.S. [Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (United States)]. E-mail: anderson@ucdavis.edu; Phillips, B.M. [Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Hunt, J.W. [Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Connor, V. [Division of Water Quality, State Water Resources Control Board, 1001 I. Street, Sacramento, CA 95814 (United States); Richard, N. [Division of Water Quality, State Water Resources Control Board, 1001 I. Street, Sacramento, CA 95814 (United States); Tjeerdema, R.S. [Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (United States)

2006-06-15

Laboratory dose-response experiments with organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, and dose-response experiments with increasing particle loads were used to determine which of these stressors were likely responsible for the toxicity and macroinvertebrate impacts previously observed in the Salinas River. Experiments were conducted with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, the baetid mayfly Procloeon sp., and the midge Chironomus dilutus (Shobanov, formerly Chironomus tentans). The results indicate the primary stressor impacting H. azteca was pesticides, including chlorpyrifos and permethrin. The mayfly Procloeon sp. was sensitive to chlorpyrifos and permethrin within the range of concentrations of these pesticides measured in the river. Chironomus dilutus were sensitive to chlorpyrifos within the ranges of concentrations measured in the river. None of the species tested were affected by turbidity as high as 1000 NTUs. The current study shows that pesticides are more important acute stressors of macroinvertebrates than suspended sediments in the Salinas River. - Pesticides are the primary stressor impacting macroinvertebrates in sections of the lower Salinas River.

Dichotomosiphon salina sp. nov. - a new marine algal form from Goa estuary, India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Untawale, A.G.; Jagtap, T.G.; Dhargalkar, V.K.

A new species Dichotomosiphon salina sp. of family Vaucheriaceae has been reported from brackish water areas of Goa. The high salinity tolerance of 40 ppt and the variation in size as well as shape of the reproductive organs are the main...

La representación románica del pueblo

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Patrick Bouletreau

2014-02-01

Full Text Available ¿A partir de qué momento el pueblo tome conciencia de su papel en la historia y a la vez de la palabra para elaborar un discurso propio sobre su porvenir? A pesar de las censuras moralistas o de las técnicas literarias reductoras que tendrán a mostrar al pueblo coma un criminal en gestación, el siglo XIX asistió al despertar de los escritores políticos; estos llegan reactivando el recuerdo del antiguo régimen y justificando los abusos de la época del terror: revolución y novela no logran ponerse de acuerdo.Con Víctor Hugo se escucha el grito primordial de una muchedumbre en búsqueda de la palabra primitiva. Ahora bien, si la historia debe una serie de ciclos repetitivos, las épocas de crisis se revelan inevitables.¿Pesimismo?, ¿resignación? En efecto, la evolución no sería sino una serie de revoluciones, un proceso interminable y engañador: ya quo las situaciones son fortuitas, Los actores pueden rechazar La realidad y distorsionarla a su fantasía. El poder de la literatura radica en mostrarnos esas rupturas, ese combate sobre el discurso oficial. La palabra se niega desde luego a ser confiscada otra vez.

Analysis of toxicity of Anacardium occidentale L. extract submitted to ionizing radiation on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Hianna A.M.F.; Sa, Jose L.F.; Lima, Claudia S.A.; Amancio, Francisco F.; Melo, Ana M.M.A.; Ribeiro, Luanna R.S.; Santos, Gustavo H.F.; Silva, Edvane B.

2013-01-01

The use of gamma radiation as a sterilization method for herbs, herbal medicines and foods, shows positive results regarding the retention of such products, economy and safety of the method. However, it is known that this method of processing plant material can cause chemical changes in these products related to the type of material, its components and the dose received. Evaluated, in the present study, the action of gamma radiation as a modifier of toxicity extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. To evaluate the toxicity of the extract irradiated at doses of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kGy and concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L was used bioassays with Artemia salina and Biomphalaria glabrata. For the test to A. salina, 520 specimens were used divided into groups of 10 larvae. For the bioassay with B. glabrata, 3900 specimens were used divided into groups of, approximately, 100 embryos. Larvae of A. salina and embryos were subjected to extracts irradiated and unirradiated for 24 hours. The bioassay with A. salina, showed a decrease, compared to extract unirradiated and irradiated at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 kGy, of extract irradiated with 10 kGy, where the mortality did not differ from the control group. In tests with embryos was observed an increase in the toxicity of the extract at a dose of 7.5 kGy and a decrease in the dose of 10.0 kGy. The radiation promoted changes in the toxicity of leaves extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn. on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina. (author)

Analysis of toxicity of Anacardium occidentale L. extract submitted to ionizing radiation on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Hianna A.M.F.; Sa, Jose L.F.; Lima, Claudia S.A.; Amancio, Francisco F.; Melo, Ana M.M.A., E-mail: hiannaamfs@gmail.com, E-mail: luismuma6@gmail.com, E-mail: claudia.salima@gmail.com, E-mail: amancioff@bol.com.br, E-mail: amdemelo@hotmail.com [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Departamento de Biofisica e Radiobiologia; Ribeiro, Luanna R.S.; Santos, Gustavo H.F.; Silva, Edvane B., E-mail: luannaribeiro_lua@hotmail.com, E-mail: santosghf@hotmail.com, E-mail: edvborges@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Departamento de Energia Nuclear. Grupo de Estudos em Radioprotecao e Radioecologia

2013-07-01

The use of gamma radiation as a sterilization method for herbs, herbal medicines and foods, shows positive results regarding the retention of such products, economy and safety of the method. However, it is known that this method of processing plant material can cause chemical changes in these products related to the type of material, its components and the dose received. Evaluated, in the present study, the action of gamma radiation as a modifier of toxicity extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. To evaluate the toxicity of the extract irradiated at doses of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kGy and concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L was used bioassays with Artemia salina and Biomphalaria glabrata. For the test to A. salina, 520 specimens were used divided into groups of 10 larvae. For the bioassay with B. glabrata, 3900 specimens were used divided into groups of, approximately, 100 embryos. Larvae of A. salina and embryos were subjected to extracts irradiated and unirradiated for 24 hours. The bioassay with A. salina, showed a decrease, compared to extract unirradiated and irradiated at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 kGy, of extract irradiated with 10 kGy, where the mortality did not differ from the control group. In tests with embryos was observed an increase in the toxicity of the extract at a dose of 7.5 kGy and a decrease in the dose of 10.0 kGy. The radiation promoted changes in the toxicity of leaves extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn. on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina. (author)

Phototactic orientation mechanism in the ciliate Fabrea salina, as inferred from numerical simulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Marangoni, R; Preosti, G; Colombetti, G

2000-02-01

The marine ciliate Fabrea salina shows a clear positive phototaxis, but the mechanism by which a single cell is able to detect the direction of light and orient its swimming accordingly is still unknown. A simple model of phototaxis is that of a biased random walk, where the bias due to light can affect one or more of the parameters that characterize a random walk, i.e., the mean speed, the frequency distribution of the angles of directional changes and the frequency of directional changes. Since experimental evidence has shown no effect of light on the mean speed of Fabrea salina, we have excluded models depending on this parameter. We have, therefore, investigated the phototactic orientation of Fabrea salina by computer simulation of two simple models, the first where light affects the frequency distribution of the angles of directional changes (model M1) and the second where the light bias modifies the frequency of directional changes (model M2). Simulated M1 cells directly orient their swimming towards the direction of light, regardless of their current swimming orientation; simulated M2 cells, on the contrary, are unable to actively orient their motion, but remain locked along the light direction once they find it by chance. The simulations show that these two orientation models lead to different macroscopic behaviours of the simulated cell populations. By comparing the results of the simulations with the experimental ones, we have found that the phototactic behaviour of real cells is more similar to that of the M2 model.

Bioactivity evaluation against Artemia salina Leach of medicinal plants used in Brazilian Northeastern folk medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Arcanjo, D D R; Albuquerque, A C M; Melo-Neto, B; Santana, L C L R; Medeiros, M G F; Citó, Amgl

2012-08-01

The brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) lethality bioassay offers an advantage in standardization and quality control of botanical products. This test is well correlated with antitumor activity (cytotoxicity) and can be used to monitor the activity of bioactive natural products. This paper reports the bioactivity of ethanol extracts from seven medicinal plants from the Northeast of Brazil (Acmella uliginosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Eugenia uniflora, Plectranthus neochilus, Moringa oleifera, Justicia pectoralis and Equisetum sp.) against Artemia salina. Biological activity was evaluated for extracts at 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL in triplicate, and the mean lethal concentration values (LC50) were obtained by probit analysis. The species Acmella uliginosa showed the highest bioactivity, and its flower extract was more active than its leaf extract.

Pastas de Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta como alimento para Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Guevara

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Pastas de Rhodomonas salina, obtenidas mediante centrifugación y floculación con quitosano y preservadas con o sin vitamina C, a -20°C fueron evaluadas bioquímicamente y proporcionadas como alimento al rotífero Brachionus plicatilis. Las pastas microalgales: (1 centrifugada y con vitamina C (CV, (2 centrifugada y sin vitamina C (C, (3 floculada y con vitamina C (FV y (4 floculada y sin adición de vitamina C (F; mantuvieron sus contenidos de proteínas y lípidos totales similares al cultivo control, con valores de 40.0±2.32% y 12.0±1.45%, respectivamente. La relación feofitina a/clorofila a fue similar (0.09-0.11 entre las pastas centrifugadas y el cultivo control, pero mayor en las pastas floculadas (1.28-1.48. Las pastas centrifugadas presentaron porcentajes de PUFAs totales, EPA y DHA similares al cultivo control (PUFAs: 47%, EPA: 4% y DHA: 4.7% y superiores al de las pastas floculadas. Las pastas obtenidas por centrifugación indujeron un crecimiento del rotífero igual al obtenido con el alimento control (densidad máxima: 320rotíferos/mL; tasa instantánea de crecimiento: 0.23rotíferos/día, fecundidad: 1.49huevos/ hembra y productividad: 43x103rotíferos/L/día. Se concluye que la pasta de R. salina centrifugada y congelada a -20°C, durante cuatro semanas, sin adición de vitamina C, mantiene su calidad nutricional similar a la del alga fresca y puede ser usada como alimento de Brachionus plicatilis.Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta pastes as feed for Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera. Rotifers are an important live feed for first feeding larvae of many fish species. The use of concentrated algae cells in the mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Brachionidae has opened new horizons for research on this organism. Pastes of Rhodomonas salina (Pyrenomonadaceae obtained either by centrifugation or flocculation with chitosan were preserved, with or without vitamin C, at -20°C for four weeks and were evaluated

Dunaliella salina as marine microalga highly tolerant to but a poor remover of cadmium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Folgar, S.; Torres, E.; Perez-Rama, M.; Cid, A.; Herrero, C.; Abalde, J.

2009-01-01

Cadmium tolerance and removal in the marine microalga Dunaliella salina were studied in cultures exposed to different metal concentrations (5-120 mg Cd l -1 ) for 96 h. This microalga can be included in the group of microalgal species most tolerant to cadmium due to the high value of EC50 that it possesses (48.9 mg Cd l -1 at 96 h of culture). The greater percentage of cadmium removed was obtained in cultures exposed to 5 mg Cd l -1 at 96 h, but removing only 11.3% of the added cadmium. In all cultures, the quantity of cadmium removed intracellularly was much lower than the bioadsorbed quantity and it was proportional to the sulfhydryl group levels. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were suitable for describing the short-term biosorption of cadmium by living cells of D. salina.

Educación Superior y Pueblos Indígenas en América Latina

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Álvaro Guaymás

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El dossier que aquí presentamos resulta de un trabajo colaborativo iniciado a principios de este año en el marco de la Red Interuniversitaria Educación Superior y Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes de América Latina (RED ESIAL. Esta red, cuya creación ha sido impulsada y gestionada desde el Programa Educación Superior y Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en América Latina (Programa ESIAL del Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Avanzados de la Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, cuenta con la participación de cuarenta universidades de América Latina, habiendo sido la Universidad Nacional de Salta una de las primeras en adherir a la misma, por iniciativa del Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Educativas del Norte argentino (Cisen.

Metabolic responses and β-carotene production by the unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina exposed to leaf extracts

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Alireza Einali

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The present work investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus and elderberry ( Sambucus ebulus leaves on β-carotene productivity in Dunaliella salina, a green microalga. Leaf extracts from eucalyptus have greater amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as greater ferric reducing antioxidant potential than elderberry. The extracts of both species greatly inhibited growth of algal suspensions. However, chlorophyll and β-carotene concentration increased in cells treated with leaf extracts, and the highest values were detected in 1 % eucalyptus and 2 % elderberry extracts. Fresh weight, total sugar, and protein content significantly increased following exposure of cells to different doses of leaf extracts. However, in doses containing more than 2 % eucalyptus, the upward trend for total sugar and protein ceased and remained statistically unchanged. These results suggest that metabolic modifications enable D. salina cells to tolerate the stress induced by the leaf extracts through allocating carbon flux to the synthesis of osmolytes and putative antioxidant molecules (e.g. sugars and β-carotene. Therefore, the use of leaf extracts holds potential to be a promising and effective way to improve D. salina cultivation for β-carotene production and other biotechnological and industrial applications.

[Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta) pastes as feed for Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera)].

Science.gov (United States)

Guevara, Miguel; Bastardo, Leandro; Cortez, Roraysi; Arredondo-Vega, Bertha; Romero, Lolymar; Gómez, Patricia

2011-12-01

Rotifers are an important live feed for first feeding larvae of many fish species. The use of concentrated algae cells in the mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Brachionidae) has opened new horizons for research on this organism. Pastes of Rhodomonas salina (Pyrenomonadaceae) obtained either by centrifugation or flocculation with chitosan were preserved, with or without vitamin C, at -20 degrees C for four weeks and were evaluated biochemically (proteins, lipids, pigments and fatty acids contents) and subsequently, were used to feed the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis at a ratio of 25 mg/L/day. Four different microalgae pastes were prepared: (1) centrifuged and preserved with vitamin C (CV), (2) centrifuged and preserved without vitamin C (C), (3) flocculated and with vitamin C (FV) and (4) flocculated without vitamin C (F). All treatments showed similar contents of proteins and total lipids with respect to control culture (a fresh culture of R. salina), with mean values of 40.0 +/- 2.32% and 12.0 +/- 1.45%, respectively. The pheophytin a/chlorophyll a ratio, a general indicator of the chemical status of microalgal concentrates, was similar (0.09-0.11) between centrifuged pastes and control culture, but was found to be higher in flocculated pastes (1.28-1.48). The fatty acid profile varied with respect to the control culture, mainly in the proportion of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Total PUFAs, EPA and DHA contents were statistically similar between centrifuged pastes and control culture (PUFAs: 47%, EPA: 4% and DHA: 4.7%), whereas values obtained for flocculated pastes were significantly lower. The rotifers grew equally well when fed with centrifuged pastes or control culture (maximum density: 320 rotifers/mL; instantaneous growth rate: 0.23 rotifers/day, fecundity: 1.49 eggs/female and productivity: 43 x 10(3) rotifers/L/day. No significant effect of vitamin C was

EL DERECHO CONSUETUDINARIO DE LOS PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS DEL ECUADOR

OpenAIRE

Vargas Villacres, Borman Renán

2017-01-01

El Ecuador, como país intercultural y plurinacional recoge en su memoria social todas las costumbres, mitos, leyendas y tradiciones que transforman en direccionamientos para el desarrollo del país en todas sus áreas, ya que compila en el Derecho Consuetudinario de los pueblos originarios del Ecuador su forma de actuar, ya hoy en día gracias a la revolución ciudadana, lo podemos socializar y aplicar, mismos que deben ser cumplidos en forma coercitiva porque ese es su modo de vida, que con toda...

Environmental assessment of remedial action, acid/middle Pueblo Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982-08-01

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, and Pueblo Canyon found residual radioactivity at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons, all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of radioactive material is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. The only areas where residual radioactivity exceeds the proposed cleanup criteria are at the former vehicle decontamination facility, located between the former treatment plant site and Acid Canyon, around the former untreated waste outfall and for a short distance below, and in two small areas farther down in Acid Canyon. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to fence the areas where the residual radioactivity exceeds the proposed criteria (minimal action), and (3) to clean up the former vehicle decontamination facility and around the former untreated waste outfall. Calculations based on actual measurements indicate that the annual dose at the location having the greatest residual radioactivity would be about 12% of the applicable guideline. Most doses are much smaller than that. No environmental impacts are associated with either the no-action or minimal action alternatives. The impact associated with the cleanup alternative is very small. The preferred alternative is to clean up the areas around the former vehicle decontamination facility and the untreated waste outfall. This course of action is recommended not because of any real danger associated with the residual radioactivity, but rather because the cleanup operation is a minor effort and would conform with the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) philosophy

Los derechos de los pueblos indígenas ante la explotación petrolera del Yasuní-ITT

OpenAIRE

San Lucas Ceballos, Malka Andrea

2015-01-01

El Yasuní es el área protegida más grande del Ecuador continental y una de las zonas de mayor diversidad genética del planeta. Además, es el hogar de varios pueblos indígenas, entre ellos, pueblos en aislamiento voluntario. Asimismo, es un espacio sometido a la extracción petrolera por encontrarse ubicado en una zona estratégica para el Ecuador en materia energética. El Estado en su afán de satisfacer la necesidad energética y sostener las finanzas y la economía nacional, promueve el aprovech...

Efeito do meio Erd Schreiber no cultivo das microalgas Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii e Isochrysis galbana = Erd Schreiber medium effect in culture of microalgae Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Lucia Mota Klein

2006-04-01

Full Text Available As microalgas são utilizadas como fonte de alimento em aqüicultura. Neste trabalho cultivaram-se D. salina, T. chuii e I. galbana. O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em determinar o efeito do meio Erd Schreiber sobre o seu crescimento. Iniciou-se o cultivo com a mistura de 200 mg de Na2HPO4,7H2O, 100 mg de NaNO3 e 50 mL de extrato de solo. No monitoramento, manteve-se a temperatura entre 24 - 28 oC, a salinidade a 34 ppt, à iluminação constante, a densidade celular com uma câmara de Neubauer e um microscópio binocular modelo ZEISS. Como resultado, I. galbana, D. salina e T. chuii atingiram 969 104 cel/mL, 457 x 104 cel/mL e 258,66 x 104 cel/mL, respectivamente, e oscoeficientes angulares b foram 3,76 x 104 cel./mL/dia, 6,84 x 104 cel./mL/dia e 2,08 x 104 cel./mL/dia respectivamente, indicando bom desempenho de todas as microalgas no meio Erd Shreiber.The microalgae is used as food source in aqüicultura. In this work they had cultivated D. salina , T. chuii and I. galbana . The objective of the work is to determine the effect of Erd Schreiber´s culture medium on the microalgae growth. The culture initiated mixting 200mg of Na2HPO4,7H2O, 100 mg of NaNO3 and 50 mL of soil extract. During the culture the temperature had varied between 24 and 28oC, the salinity was fixed on 34 %o, and the illumination was maintained constant. The assessment of the culture was made by a chamber of Neubauer and a binocular microscope ZEISS model. As result I. galbana D. salina and T.chuii reached 969 104 cel/mL, 457 x 104cel/mL and 258,66 x 104 cel/mL respectively and as angular coefficient 3,76 x 104 cel/mL/dia, 6,84 x 104 cel/mL/dia and 2,08 104 x cel/mL/dia respectively, showing good answer of the microalgae to the effect of Erd Schreiber´ s medium.

EL PAPEL Y LA MEMORIA. MEDIOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LOS PROCESOS DE IDENTIFICACIÓN LOCAL EN LOS PUEBLOS DE INDIOS DE JUJUY. SIGLO XVII

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Gabriela Sica

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza los modos de construcción de identidades locales centradas en los pueblos de indios de la jurisdicción de San Salvador de Jujuy (Gobernación de Tucumán durante el siglo XVII. En este proceso tuvieron una activa participación los caciques y autoridades de los pueblos de indios con acciones que tendían a proteger el espacio y la supervivencia de los propios pueblos como así también las tierras comunales. Estas significaban tanto el medio de sustento económico como el espacio de la reproducción social de los integrantes de los pueblos de indios. Para asegurar la tenencia de las tierras comunales se recurría al uso de documentos escritos y rituales de posesión, que permitían la legitimación dentro de la sociedad colonial, pero estos papeles se combinaban con el uso de la memoria y la tradición oral.

Not yet? Ya basta: Healing and the horizons of an otherwise in Salinas, California

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Raschig, M.S.

2016-01-01

Among a persistently criminalized population of Mexican-Americans in the farmtown-gangland of Salinas, California, healing from the wounds of history has emerged as a critical register of political action, a tacit and uncertain activism recalibrating the pace and tense of personal recoveries and

Comprehensive Education Bolivarian-Style: The Alternative School in Barrio Pueblo Nuevo, Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

Cole, Mike

2014-01-01

In this article, the author traces revolutionary developments in an alternative school in Barrio Pueblo Nuevo, Mérida, in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, a school that caters for students between 4 and 14. He begins by recounting some fieldwork done at the school on his behalf by Edward Ellis in 2010. He goes on to discuss a video made at…

Where There Is No Name for Art: The Art of Tewa Pueblo Children.

Science.gov (United States)

Hucko, Bruce

In their own language, Tewa Pueblo people have no word for art. Pottery, painting, embroidery, dancing, and other "art" forms are not considered separate from life; they are synonymous with work, thoughts, and expressions. In this collection, artwork by the children of Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, San Juan, Pojoaque, and Nambe Pueblos…

Setting the conditions for phycoremediation of radionuclide microalgae Dunaliella salina and Chlorella vulgaris

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tatarova, D.; Galanda, D.; Kuruc, J.

2016-01-01

This presentation deals with bioremediation using microalgae - by phycoremediation. Microalgae are economically low profile compared to the plants, their cultivation can be carried out in laboratory conditions. They can survive in extreme conditions, they occur in all habitats and have faster growth. Halophilous green D. salina can accumulate heavy metals such as Zn, Cu and Cd. It occurs in hypersaline environment with tolerance (0.2 to 35) % NaCl. It contains high amounts of carotenoids, which protect it against formation of free radicals from UV radiation. Chlorella vulgaris is a representative of eukaryotic green microalgae with the highest chlorophyll content with the appearance in fresh water. Its phycoremediant ability are found in N and P elements, which are used as its nutritional components as well as for Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Au. The experiments were carried out using a peristaltic pump ISMATEC Model: ISM851 (flow rate 2 cm"3 min"-"1) followed by monitoring of time dependence of decrease of activity of the microalgae solutions. For evaluation of the samples was used HPGe gamma spectrometer (measurement time of the samples: 600 sec) from ORTEC Company and measured spectra were evaluated with software GammaVision from ORTEC. The measured results showed that the most effective phycoremediation of microalgae Dunaliella salina toke place in an environment of pH 3, and even more at pH 8. The fact that the D. salina is able of phycoremediation at so acidic pH can contribute to its applications in extreme conditions or in the coastal areas in view of that it is halophilic. At freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was found the best phytoremediation potential in its natural environment at pH of 6. Because this microalgae is freshwater, it may find application in inland or in liquid radioactive waste from nuclear facilities.(authors)

Morphological changes about Artemia Salina by the effect of gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dvorak, P.; Kunova, V; Kratochvil, B.; Salplachta, J.; Benova, K.

2004-01-01

Direction Council of Europe require restriction of laboratory vertebrae in biological experiments. Once by possibilities is using biological test II. generation among which belongs to and test for Artemia salina. Still this time published test however value only lethality in dependence on dose, exposition and time survival. This work document possibility watch of expressive morphological changes, which consist in retardation development brine shrimps stage in dependence on dose gamma radiation 60 Co. (authors)

Evaluation of hydrologic conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2002-03

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Jose M.

2006-01-01

A ground-water quality study to define the potential sources and concentration of nitrate in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer was conducted between January 2002 and March 2003. The study area covers about 3,600 hectares of the coastal plain within the municipality of Salinas in southern Puerto Rico, extending from the foothills to the Caribbean Sea. Agriculture is the principal land use and includes cultivation of diverse crops, turf grass, bioengineered crops for seed production, and commercial poultry farms. Ground-water withdrawal in the alluvial fan was estimated to be about 43,500 cubic meters per day, of which 49 percent was withdrawn for agriculture, 42 percent for public supply, and 9 percent for industrial use. Ground-water flow in the study area was primarily to the south and toward a cone of depression within the south-central part of the alluvial fan. The presence of that cone of depression and a smaller one located in the northeastern quadrant of the study area may contribute to the increase in nitrate concentration within a total area of about 545 hectares by 'recycling' ground water used for irrigation of cultivated lands. In an area that covers about 405 hectares near the center of the Salinas alluvial fan, nitrate concentrations increased from 0.9 to 6.7 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in 1986 to 8 to 12 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in 2002. Principal sources of nitrate in the study area are fertilizers (used in the cultivated farmlands) and poultry farm wastes. The highest nitrogen concentrations were found at poultry farms in the foothills area. In the area of disposed poultry farm wastes, nitrate concentrations in ground water ranged from 25 to 77 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Analyses for the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen-15/nitrogen-14 in nitrate were used to distinguish the source of nitrate in the coastal plain alluvial fan aquifer. Potential nitrate loads from areas under cultivation were estimated for the

Energy-producing electro-flocculation for harvest of Dunaliella salina.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Qing; Zhang, Meng; Lv, Tao; Chen, Hongjun; Chika, Anthony Okonkwo; Xiang, Changli; Guo, Minxue; Wu, Minghui; Li, Jianjun; Jia, Lishan

2017-10-01

In this study, an efficient electro-flocculation process for Dunaliella salina with energy production by aluminum-air battery has been successfully applied. The formed aluminum hydroxide hydrates during discharging of battery were positively charged, which have a great potential for microalgae flocculation. The precipitation of aluminum hydroxide hydrates by algae also could improve the performance of aluminum-air battery. The harvesting efficiency could reach 97% in 20mins with energy production of 0.11kWh/kg. This discharging electro-flocculation (DEF) technology provides a new energy producing process to effectively harvest microalgae. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

"Sacando el frío": imágenes del ejercicio de la sobandería en el pueblo Nasa

OpenAIRE

Martínez Silva, Pablo Andrés

2016-01-01

Objetivo: Describir la práctica de la "sobandería" en el pueblo indígena Nasa. Metodología: El autor participó en "Circulos de Palabra" y realizó entrevistas etnográficas con diversos miembros del pueblo indígena Nasa. La información así obtenida fueron consignadas como notas de diario de campo, para su posterior análisis de contenido temático. Las imágenes fotográficas fueron capturadas por el autor durante el ejercicio práctico de la "sobandería". Resultados: Se presentan de manera textual ...

Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics at the Santo Domingo Pueblo in Sandoval County, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geiger, J.; Lisell, L.; Mosey, G.

2013-07-01

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in accordance with the RE-Powering America's Land initiative, selected the Pueblo of Santo Domingo in Sandoval County, New Mexico, for a renewable energy production feasibility study. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provided technical assistance for this project. The purpose of this report is to assess specific areas on the Pueblo for potential installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems and to estimate the cost, performance, and site impacts of different PV options. The report also recommends financing options that could assist in the implementation of these PV systems.

Primary Screening of the Bioactivity of Brackishwater Cyanobacteria: Toxicity of Crude Extracts to Artemia salina Larvae and Paracentrotus lividus Embryos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviana R. Lopes

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that produce an array of secondary compounds with selective bioactivity against vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, microalgae, fungi, bacteria, viruses and cell lines. The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of aqueous, methanolic and hexane crude extracts of benthic and picoplanktonic cyanobacteria isolated from estuarine environments, towards the nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The A. salina lethality test was used as a frontline screen and then complemented by the more specific sea urchin embryo-larval assay. Eighteen cyanobacterial isolates, belonging to the genera Cyanobium, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, Phormidium, Nodularia, Nostoc and Synechocystis, were tested. Aqueous extracts of cyanobacteria strains showed potent toxicity against A. salina, whereas in P. lividus, methanolic and aqueous extracts showed embryo toxicity, with clear effects on development during early stages. The results suggest that the brackishwater cyanobacteria are producers of bioactive compounds with toxicological effects that may interfere with the dynamics of invertebrate populations.

High surface adsorption properties of carbon-based nanomaterials are responsible for mortality, swimming inhibition, and biochemical responses in Artemia salina larvae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mesarič, Tina; Gambardella, Chiara; Milivojević, Tamara; Faimali, Marco; Drobne, Damjana; Falugi, Carla; Makovec, Darko; Jemec, Anita; Sepčić, Kristina

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Carbon-based nanomaterials adsorb onto the body surface of A. salina larvae. • Surface adsorption results in concentration–dependent inhibition of larval swimming. • Carbon-based nanomaterials induce no significant mortality of A. salina larvae. - Abstract: We investigated the effects of three different carbon-based nanomaterials on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of carbon black, graphene oxide, and multiwall carbon nanotubes for 48 h, and observed using phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Acute (mortality) and behavioural (swimming speed alteration) responses and cholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzyme activities were evaluated. These nanomaterials were ingested and concentrated in the gut, and attached onto the body surface of the A. salina larvae. This attachment was responsible for concentration–dependent inhibition of larval swimming, and partly for alterations in the enzyme activities, that differed according to the type of tested nanomaterials. No lethal effects were observed up to 0.5 mg/mL carbon black and 0.1 mg/mL multiwall carbon nanotubes, while graphene oxide showed a threshold whereby it had no effects at 0.6 mg/mL, and more than 90% mortality at 0.7 mg/mL. Risk quotients calculated on the basis of predicted environmental concentrations indicate that carbon black and multiwall carbon nanotubes currently do not pose a serious risk to the marine environment, however if uncontrolled release of nanomaterials continues, this scenario can rapidly change

High surface adsorption properties of carbon-based nanomaterials are responsible for mortality, swimming inhibition, and biochemical responses in Artemia salina larvae

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mesarič, Tina, E-mail: tina.mesaric84@gmail.com [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia); Gambardella, Chiara, E-mail: chiara.gambardella@ge.ismar.cnr.it [Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Genova (Italy); Milivojević, Tamara, E-mail: milivojevictamara@gmail.com [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia); Faimali, Marco, E-mail: marco.faimali@ismar.cnr.it [Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Genova (Italy); Drobne, Damjana, E-mail: damjana.drobne@bf.uni-lj.si [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia); Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CO Nanocentre), Ljubljana (Slovenia); Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Technologies for the Future (CO NAMASTE), Ljubljana (Slovenia); Falugi, Carla, E-mail: carlafalugi@hotmail.it [Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova (Italy); Makovec, Darko, E-mail: darko.makovec@ijs.si [Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Jemec, Anita, E-mail: anita.jemec@bf.uni-lj.si [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia); Sepčić, Kristina, E-mail: kristina.sepcic@bf.uni-lj.si [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia)

2015-06-15

Highlights: • Carbon-based nanomaterials adsorb onto the body surface of A. salina larvae. • Surface adsorption results in concentration–dependent inhibition of larval swimming. • Carbon-based nanomaterials induce no significant mortality of A. salina larvae. - Abstract: We investigated the effects of three different carbon-based nanomaterials on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of carbon black, graphene oxide, and multiwall carbon nanotubes for 48 h, and observed using phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Acute (mortality) and behavioural (swimming speed alteration) responses and cholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzyme activities were evaluated. These nanomaterials were ingested and concentrated in the gut, and attached onto the body surface of the A. salina larvae. This attachment was responsible for concentration–dependent inhibition of larval swimming, and partly for alterations in the enzyme activities, that differed according to the type of tested nanomaterials. No lethal effects were observed up to 0.5 mg/mL carbon black and 0.1 mg/mL multiwall carbon nanotubes, while graphene oxide showed a threshold whereby it had no effects at 0.6 mg/mL, and more than 90% mortality at 0.7 mg/mL. Risk quotients calculated on the basis of predicted environmental concentrations indicate that carbon black and multiwall carbon nanotubes currently do not pose a serious risk to the marine environment, however if uncontrolled release of nanomaterials continues, this scenario can rapidly change.

Acclimation and tolerance of Artemia salina to copper salts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saliba, L.J.; Krzyz, R.M.

1976-01-01

The brine shrimp Artemia salina L. was acclimated in sea water with cupric chloride, acetate, carbonate, and sulfate, each at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 ppM Cu/sup + +/, together with sea water controls. Growth inhibition was observed in all four compounds, generally in direct relationship to the concentration. It was least in sulfate, and increased progressively in chloride, acetate and carbonate in that order. In toxicity tests, 2-week old larvae from each solution were exposed to concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5 and 1 ppM Cu/sup + +/ of the same compounds, together with unacclimated larvae of the same age. Similar tests were held with 6-week old adults. Toxicity to unacclimated larvae and adults differed with the compounds, carbonate being the least toxic, followed by sulfate, chloride and acetate in increasing order. Larvae acclimated in chloride and sulfate showed an increased tolerance to 1 and 2.5 ppM Cu/sup + +/ compared to untreated controls. Tolerance was not enhanced from 5 ppM Cu/sup + +/ upwards. In both compounds, adults acclimated in 0.1 ppM Cu/sup + +/ showed an increased tolerance to concentrations between 1 and 7.5 ppM Cu/sup + +/ compared to controls. Considerable precipitation occurred with the high levels of this compound, thus effecting the ''final'' concentrations. No acclimation effect was observed in acetate for either larvae or adults. It is suggested that in A. salina, copper toxicity depends on the particular form of the metal, and that this difference is also evident in growth inhibition and in the potential acquisition of increased tolerance through exposure to low concentrations.

Pesticide Risk Communication, Risk Perception, and Self-Protective Behaviors among Farmworkers in California's Salinas Valley

Science.gov (United States)

Cabrera, Nolan L.; Leckie, James O.

2009-01-01

Agricultural pesticide use is the highest of any industry, yet there is little research evaluating farmworkers' understandings of the health risks chemical exposure poses. This study examines pesticide education, risk perception, and self-protective behaviors among farmworkers in California's Salinas Valley. Fifty current and former farmworkers…

Inclusión de los estándares internacionales sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en políticas bancarias y programas REDD+

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johanna Fonseca

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo analiza la inclusión de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en el derecho y la política internacional, en el marco del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos. El objetivo de tal reflexión es determinar el grado de implementación de los estándares internacionales sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas por parte de los Estados, en particular Guatemala, respecto a los programas y proyectos de desarrollo. Para lograr tal objetivo, en un primer momento, se refleja la evolución del derecho internacional en torno al reconocimiento de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Posteriormente, se analiza la adecuación del derecho interno de los Estados a los estándares internacionales y regionales en la materia a la luz de las obligaciones internacionales de derechos humanos correspondientes y, finalmente, se aborda la consideración estatal de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en programas y proyectos de desarrollo.

Procesos de integración del colectivo rumano a través de las historias de vida familiares en un pueblo onubense

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonia María Diaz Reales

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La integración de inmigrantes rumanos en Lucena del Puerto (Huelva-España, a través de las historias de vida de dos familias de origen rumano se presenta en este estudio que analiza sus vivencias en este pueblo, por motivos laborales, debido a las campañas de recogida del cultivo de la fresa. Observaremos las diferencias en la visión de la integración así como también la existencia de problemas de convivencia e integración en el colectivo rumano como con otros colectivos como el marroquí. En este sentido, nos centramos en los procesos de integración de la población rumana en este pueblo andaluz. Los protagonistas principales son estas dos familias de origen rumano residentes en el pueblo. En suma, se pretende reflejar las inquietudes y recursos integradores para fomentar una convivencia armónica con el fenómeno migratorio que nos rodea. 

Cytotoxicity evaluation of gold nanoparticles on microalga Dunaliella salina in microplate test system

Science.gov (United States)

Chumakov, Daniil; Prilepskii, Artur; Dykman, Lev; Khlebtsov, Boris; Khlebtsov, Nikolai; Bogatyrev, Vladimir

2018-04-01

Gold nanoparticles are intensively studied in biomedicine. Assessment of their biocompatibility is highly important. Currently there is lack of evidence, concerning nanotoxicity of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles < 5 nm. Existing data are rather contradictory. The aim of that study was to evaluate the toxicity of 2 nm colloidal gold, using microalga Dunaliella salina. Cellular barriers of that microalga are very similar to animal cells so it might be considered as a valuable model for nanotoxicity testing. Chlorophyll content as a test-function was used. Spectrophotometric method for chlorophyll determination in vivo in suspensions of D.salina cultures was applied. Calculated EC50 48h value of ionic gold was 25.8 +/- 0.3 mg Au/L. EC50 value of phosphine-stabilized gold nanoclusters was 32.2 +/-1.1 mg Au/L. It was not possible to calculate EC50 for 15 nm citrate gold nanoparticles, as they were non-toxic at all concentrations tested. These results are confirmed by fluorescent -microscopic monitoring of the same probes. It was shown that 10-fold growth of phosphine-stabilized gold nanoparticles (from 2.3 +/- 0.9 nm to 21.1 +/- 7.5 nm) led to 7-fold decrease of their toxicity.

Comparative study on toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on Artemia salina: effect of pre-UV-A and visible light irradiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhuvaneshwari, M; Sagar, Bhawana; Doshi, Siddharth; Chandrasekaran, N; Mukherjee, Amitava

2017-02-01

This study evaluated the toxicity potential of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles under pre-UV-A irradiation and visible light condition on Artemia salina. The nanoparticle suspension was prepared in seawater medium and exposed under pre-UV-A (0.23 mW/cm 2 ) and visible light (0.18 mW/cm 2 ) conditions. The aggregation profiles of both nanoparticles (NPs) and dissolution of ZnO NPs under both irradiation conditions at various kinetic intervals (1, 24, 48 h) were studied. The 48-h LC 50 values were found to be 27.62 and 71.63 mg/L for ZnO NPs and 117 and 120.9 mg/L for TiO 2 NPs under pre-UV-A and visible light conditions. ZnO NPs were found to be more toxic to A. salina as compared to TiO 2 NPs. The enhanced toxicity was observed under pre-UV-A-irradiated ZnO NPs, signifying its phototoxicity. Accumulation of ZnO and TiO 2 NPs into A. salina depends on the concentration of particles and type irradiations. Elimination of accumulated nanoparticles was also evident under both irradiation conditions. Other than ZnO NPs, the dissolved Zn 2+ also had a significant effect on toxicity and accumulation in A. salina. Increased catalase (CAT) activity in A. salina indicates the generation of oxidative stress due to NP interaction. Thus, this study provides an understanding of the toxicity of photoreactive ZnO and TiO 2 NPs as related to the effects of pre-UV-A and visible light irradiation.

Estudo fitoquímico preliminar e bioensaio toxicológico frente a larvas de Artemia salina Leach. de extrato obtido de frutos de Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hill (Solanaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Gonzaga de Freitas Araújo

2010-11-01

Full Text Available

Neste trabalho avaliou-se o perfil fitoquímico e a toxicidade preliminar frente a larvas de Artemia salina do extrato etanólico de frutos de Solanum lycocarpum. O extrato foi submetido à analise fitoquímica preliminar para identificação das principais classes de metabolitos secundários presentes e testado frente a larvas de A. salina para obtenção das concentrações letais médias (CL50%. Os testes fitoquímicos demonstraram a presença de fenóis, taninos, saponinas, alcalóides e esteróides e triterpenos livres. O extrato foi fracionado em diferentes solventes para a avaliação da toxicidade frente à A. salina, apresentando considerável citotoxicidade encontrada na fração hidroalcoólica (CL50% = 285,546 µg/mL. Palavras-chave: Solanum lycocarpum, Artemia salina, triagem fitoquímica preliminar. ABSTRACT The phytochemical profile of ethanolic extract of Solanum lycocarpum fruits was analyzed and preliminary toxicity tests were performed against brine shrimp larvae. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites and tested against the larvae of A. salina to obtain the median lethal concentrations (LC50%. The phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and free steroids. The extract was fractionated with various solvents for toxicity testing against the larvae and the hydroalcoholic fraction showed considerable cytotoxicity (CL50% = 285.546 g/mL. Keywords: Solanum lycocarpum, Artemia salina, phytochemical screening

Educación, Identidad y Derechos como estrategias de desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas. II Decenio de los Pueblos Indígenas 2005-2015.

OpenAIRE

Gehrig, Rainer; Muñoz Sánchez, Práxedes

2015-01-01

A continuación presentamos en resumen los contenidos del libro en sus 15 capítulos divididos en tres partes temáticas. Estas deben entenderse como círculos concéntricos con sus solapamientos. Son como tres grandes hilos conductores de los capítulos desarrollados en esta publicación que abarca diferentes perspectivas: 1. Educación y cooperación como reto de Desarrollo comunitario en contextos indígenas; 2. Identidad cultural y Derechos de los Pueblos indígenas y 3. Interculturalidad, Evangeliz...

Derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas: Panorama colombiano

OpenAIRE

Omar Huertas; Danilo Ortíz

2009-01-01

La crisis de los derechos humanos que sufre Latinoamérica se ve reflejada en la cantidad significativa de pueblos indígenas, que pertenecen a estos países, sometidos a procesos de discriminación, despojo, neoliberalismo económico y globalización. Estas circunstancias han condenado a estas comunidades al subdesarrollo y a una grave situación que pone en riesgo su existencia. En el presente artículo se hará unanálisis de la situación de los derechos de la población indígena en Colombia, teniend...

Construcción macrotextual y cancionero amoroso (Un acercamiento analítico a "La voz a ti debida" de Pedro Salinas)

OpenAIRE

Corencia Cruz, Joaquín

2008-01-01

La tesis Construcción macrotextual y cancionero amoroso. Unacercamiento analítico a La voz a ti debida de Pedro Salinas. Fue leídapor Joaquín Corencia Cruz en la Sala de Juntas de la Facultad deFilología de la Universidad de Valencia (España) el 7 de noviembre de2008.El trabajo investigador se desarrolla a lo largo de nuevecapítulos. En el primero se produce una introducción a la tesisrevisando desde la trayectoria vital y profesional de Pedro Salinas acómo el macrotexto poético de La voz se ...

pueblo antiguo de la ciudad de México

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Teresa Losada

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, la autora explora, a través de un trabajo de campo, la forma en que la memoria histórica se articula con la cosmovisión en Milpa Alta, un pueblo antiguo de la ciudad de México. La narración mítica que refiere al origen, se ubica en la historia de "larga duración", en el ensamblaje de la naturaleza con los ciclos de las fiestas religiosas y la relación con la tierra. La cosmovisión mesoamericana, incesantemente repetida, atraviesa el tiempo y le corresponde contar con siglos de duración, con profundidad, con una especie de semi-inmovilidad que hace que todo en Milpa Alta gravite en torno a ella.

Ocupation and movilization in Patagonia rural towns: An agrarian point of view Ocupaciones y movilidades en pueblos rurales de la Patagonia: Una mirada desde lo agrario

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Mónica Bendini

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The study of occupations and mobilities in rural towns introduces us to the relationship between agriculture and rurality, and to "the" rural as non residual space in front of "the" modern and "the" urban. A related question has to do with the centering/des-centering of the agro, either by monoactivity or by the main occupation in case of multiple occupations, as well as the form taken by the relations between countryside (rural scattered and town (rural aglomerated. On the other hand, it relates to the nature of the rural world as social space, differentiated and built, a place of life and work. From a glance that makes visible the role of the agro in the rural, we show diverse occupational nets and displacements from case studies which exemplify the issues raised: two rural towns with variability in agro development and the social organization of agriculture. On the one hand, it is a rural town with high population growth located in an area of agricultural expansion, with company scale organization, predominance of wage relations of production and agricultural occupations, mostly important presence of seasonal migrant workers. On the other hand, a rural town located in a region historically marginal and slow down, sparsely populated, in an area of plateau dedicated to extensive livestock breeding where there coexist large farms and peasant units; recent population growth, traditional agro occupations and pluriactivity also traditional. The empirical research show the diverse spatial movements, the occupations and their forms of combination, the principality of the agro activity and related ones, and the consequent identity character of those towns. The findings lead us to raise the issue of the breakdown of the single occupation and of the complexity of the link countryside - town. The nowadays concern of the agro in the rural, and of the rural "living" towns, are matters that new rurality and globalization issues have been sometimes

Ocupantes espontáneos y derechos por la tierra en la formación de “pueblos de españoles” (Rincón de San Pedro, Buenos Aires, 1740-1860

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Mariana Canedo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el siglo XVIII, se multiplicó la presencia de “pueblos de espa-ñoles” y villas en la frontera sur hispanoamericana. El protagonismo de ocupantes rurales en la formación de “pueblos de españoles” fue más frecuente en la campaña de Buenos Aires que en otras jurisdicciones, aunque poco se conoce sobre su proceder. El objetivo del artículo fue analizar las características de los ocupantes rurales y el rango de acción que tuvieron para solicitar el reconocimiento legal de terrenos para la formación de un pueblo en la campaña de Buenos Aires durante el siglo XVIII y parte del XIX. El análisis del caso del pueblo de San Pedro nos permitió profundizar la situación de los “ocupantes” y abrir varios inte-rrogantes sobre la regulación de los derechos por la tierra, particularmen-te sobre los pueblos y villas, en un período que suele estar vinculado a transformaciones en los derechos y en las relaciones de poder ejercidas en su puesta en práctica.

Influencia del medio ambiente en los materiales de construcción III. Dinámica salina

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Fernández Paris, José Manuel

1978-06-01

Full Text Available Las sales y la humedad son los dos factores que condicionan las alteraciones de los materiales de construcción. Los citados materiales, bien de por sí —piedras y ladrillos—, bien una vez endurecidos —morteros y hormigones—, están estructurados por partículas sólidas granulares, separadas por un sistema poroso, que constituye el medio -dinámico para el transporte de las disoluciones salinas procedentes del medio ambiente. La motilidad de las sales a través de la red de poros es función de tres variables físicoclimáticas: temperatura, humedad y condiciones de aireación. La dinámica salina se efectúa mediante procesos de difusión, unas veces de naturaleza química: difusión iónica, otras de naturaleza física: difusión capilar.

From international charity to value chain coordinator : The case of the Pueblos en Accion Comunitaria (PAC)

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G.M. Gómez (Georgina)

2011-01-01

markdownabstractThis article describes the activities of The association Pueblos en Acción Comunitaria (PAC) as a model of value chain organization with an entrepreneurial vision and Christian inspiration and enquires in what ways it represents a new model to promote local development and poverty

Antropología y formación de colecciones: las producciones artesanales del pueblo Chané

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Cecilia Mariana Benedetti

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Los antropólogos desempeñaron un importante papel en la formación de colecciones de artesanías indígenas en la primera mitad del siglo XX. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar este proceso, centrándonos en el caso del pueblo chané. En esta dirección, consideraremos la dinámica de relaciones interétnicas que se desarrollaron en el contexto de consolidación del estado nación argentino, y su articulación con las teorías y las practicas de dos antropólogos —Alfred Métraux y Enrique Palavecino— quienes ademas de realizar estudios sobre este grupo, crearon importantes colecciones con sus producciones artesanales. Así, comprenderemos a la preservación como un espacio generado a partir de las relaciones entre el Estado Nacional y los pueblos originarios, entre la antropología la "otredad".

Developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Artemia salina cysts and larvae: Uptake, accumulation, excretion and toxic responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Song; Luo, Fei; Tu, Xiao; Chen, Wei-Chao; Zhu, Bin; Wang, Gao-Xue

2017-10-01

Using Artemia salina (A. salina) cysts (capsulated and decapsulated) and larvae [instar I (0-24 h), II (24-48 h) and III (48-72 h)] as experimental models, developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) was evaluated. Results revealed that hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts was significantly decreased (p larvae in 600 mg/L. The EC 50 values for swimming inhibition of instar I, II and III were 535, 385 and 472 mg/L, respectively. Instar II showed the greatest sensitivity to O-MWCNTs, and followed by instar III, instar I, decapsulated cysts and capsulated cysts. Effects on hatchability, mortality and swimming were accounted for O-MWCNTs rather than metal catalyst impurities. Body length was decreased with the concentrations increased from 0 to 600 mg/L. O-MWCNTs attached onto the cysts, gill and body surface, resulting in irreversible damages. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were increased following exposure, indicating that the effects were related to oxidative stress. O-MWCNTs were ingested and distributed in phagocyte, lipid vesicle and intestine. Most of the accumulated O-MWCNTs were excreted by A. salina at 72 h, but some still remained in the organism. Data of uptake kinetics showed that O-MWCNTs contents in A. salina were gradually increased from 1 to 48 h and followed by rapidly decreased from 48 to 72 h with a range from 5.5 to 28.1 mg/g. These results so far indicate that O-MWCNTs have the potential to affect aquatic organisms when released into the marine ecosystems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

LIPID PRODUCTION BY DUNALIELLA SALINA IN BATCH CULTURE: EFFECTS OF NITROGEN LIMITATION AND LIGHT INTENSITY

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weldy, C.S.; Huesemann, M.

2007-01-01

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are increasing and may cause unknown deleterious environmental effects if left unchecked. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted in its latest report a 2°C to 4°C increase in global temperatures even with the strictest CO2 mitigation practices. Global warming can be attributed in large part to the burning of carbon-based fossil fuels, as the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is directly related to the burning of fossil fuels. Biofuels which do not add CO2 to the atmosphere are presently generated primarily from terrestrial plants, i.e., ethanol from corn grain and biodiesel from soybean oil. The production of biofuels from terrestrial plants is severely limited by the availability of fertile land. Lipid production from microalgae and its corresponding biodiesel production have been studied since the late 1970s but large scale production has remained economically infeasible due to the large costs of sterile growing conditions required for many algal species. This study focuses on the potential of the halophilic microalgae species Dunaliella salina as a source of lipids and subsequent biodiesel production. The lipid production rates under high light and low light as well as nitrogen suffi cient and nitrogen defi cient culture conditions were compared for D. salina cultured in replicate photobioreactors. The results show (a) cellular lipid content ranging from 16 to 44% (wt), (b) a maximum culture lipid concentration of 450mg lipid/L, and (c) a maximum integrated lipid production rate of 46mg lipid/L culture*day. The high amount of lipids produced suggests that D. salina, which can be mass-cultured in non-sterile outdoor ponds, has strong potential to be an economically valuable source for renewable oil and biodiesel production.

Uso da solução salina para manutenção de acessos venosos em adultos: uma revisão

OpenAIRE

Oliveira,Francimar Tinoco de; Silva,Lolita Dopico da

2006-01-01

Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a prática da salinização em cateteres venosos periféricos. O estudo objetivou analisar os artigos científicos sobre o uso de solução salina na manutenção da permeabilidade de cateteres venosos periféricos em adultos, indexados no MedLine e LILACS no período de 1995 a 2005. A amostra consistiu de 5 artigos os quais foram analisados quanto à procedência e periódico de publicação, ao delineamento do estudo, a amostragem, e ao efeito da solução salina. ...

Contribuciones desde la interculturalidad a la educación de los pueblos originarios en Colombia: un ejemplo para la cultura Wayuu

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Nadenka Beatriz Melo Brito

2017-07-01

Full Text Available La educación se enfrenta a la realidad de la heterogeneidad en las aulas de clase por múltiples razones y al ser Colombia un país que reconoce la diversidad cultural es necesario pensar en escenarios de educación intercultural donde se vaya más allá de reconocer la diversidad sino que se faciliten los espacios interculturales de interacción. Este artículo de reflexión toma como punto de partida el acervo bibliográfico del trabajo de tesis doctoral “Puentes entre conocimientos científicos y conocimientos ecológicos tradicionales: un estudio de aula en la comunidad wayuu” y da cuenta de las particularidades de los pueblos originarios como son el carácter local, su relación estrecha con la naturaleza de donde surgen los conocimientos ecológicos tradicionales; posteriormente enuncia algunas consideraciones del pueblo wayuu, asentado en la Península de La Guajira en cuanto a sus experiencias educativas. Finalmente se propone el diálogo intercultural como una prospectiva para que la educación ofrezca una respuesta a estos pueblos originarios.

SALT EFFECTS ON EGGS AND NAUPLII OF ARTEMIA SALINA L

Science.gov (United States)

Boone, Eleanor; Baas-Becking, L. G. M.

1931-01-01

Eggs of Artemia salina L., the brine shrimp, are easily obtainable in large quantities. Ecdysis takes place in two stages: (a) extrusion of the inner membrane, and (b) ecdysis of the nauplius from that membrane. The conditions which allow for the former are much more varied than those for the latter. Nauplii form in only solutions of a few sodium salts; and, in Mg, Ca, and Sr salts, potassium is very toxic. The possible environment for the nauplii (1 M total molarity) has been ascertained for chlorides of Na, K, Mg, and Ca. The facts observed account for the peculiar distribution of the organism. PMID:19872620

Los pueblos originarios y la práctica del derecho internacional en Chile: nuevos horizontes ante el debilitamiento de los legados del autoritarismo

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Álvez Marín, Amaya; Becker Lorca, Arnulf

2017-01-01

Resumen A partir de los años 1990 el derecho internacional ha comenzado a reconocer las demandas de los pueblos originarios. Desde entonces, los pueblos originarios han adquirido progresivamente el carácter de sujeto de derecho internacional. Para Chile este cambio debería haber sido significativo. Los años noventa no solo marcaron el fin de la Guerra Fría y la consiguiente renovada relevancia del derecho internacional; también fueron los años en que Chile recuperó su democracia. Mientras el ...

Effect of mixing rate on Beta-carotene production and extraction by dunaliella salina in two-phase bioreactors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hejazi, M.; Andrysiewicz, E.; Tramper, J.; Wijffels, R.H.

2003-01-01

beta-Carotene has many applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries; Dunaliella salina is currently the main source for natural beta-carotene. We have investigated the effect of mixing rate and whether it leads to the facilitated release of beta-carotene from the cells of

Pueblos amazónicos: estéticas y cosmovisiones (L. Abad, A. Alonso Sagaseta)

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Juan Antonio Flores

2013-01-01

Acaba de ser publicado un raro libro, especialmente dirigido a los amazonistas y en particular a los estudiosos y curiosos de la cultura material amazónica –la que condensa esa mixtura de cotidianeidad, arte y espiritualidad-, pero que pueden celebrar al mismo tiempo los antropólogos involucrados en la defensa de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas y originarios de este área cultural.

UN PRIVILEGIO PARA EL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN: SUS PUEBLOS MÁGICOS

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Horacio Mercado Vargas; Edgar Allan Mercado Flores

2013-01-01

El Estado de Michoacán, que se ubica en la parte del extremo sur occidental de México, posee paisajes muy hermosos: de bosques, praderas y lagunas de gran belleza, montañas y volcanes que descienden hacia el mar. Es uno de los más ricos en recursos naturales. La Secretaría de Turismo, diversas entidades del gobierno federal y gobiernos estatales y municipales desarrollaron el Programa de Pueblos Mágicos, para darle un valor a ciertas poblaciones del país que tienen características culturales ...

Fine structure and function of the alimentary epithelium in Artemia salina nauplii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hootman, S R; Conte, F P

1974-01-01

The fine structure of the alimentary tract in the second instar nauplius of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, has been described. The foregut and hindgut of the larva are composed of cuboidal epithelium which is cuticularized. The epithelium of the midgut and gastric caeca is columnar and is characterized by apical microvilli, basal membrane infolds, and abundant mitochondria. The structural characteristics of the midgut cells correlate with previous physiological and biochemical evidence on both adult and larval brine shrimp which indicates that the midgut plays an important role in absorption and osmoregulation in these animals.

Interference from ordinarily used solvents in the outcomes of Artemia salina lethality test

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Sahgal Geethaa

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Methanol, ethanol, Tween 20 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO are widely used as dissolving agents in Artemia salina lethality test (aka brine shrimp lethality test [BSLT] to screen the pharmaceutical properties of natural products. Nevertheless, there is lack of toxicity level of these solvents against brine shrimp. High concentration of these organic solvent might be toxic for this zoology invertebrate and interfere in the experimental outcomes. To avoid this, permissible concentration of the solvents used in BSLT was identified. BSLT was performed to evaluate the toxicity effect of Tween 20, methanol, ethanol and DMSO at 24 h post-treatment time point against A. salina. The suggested maximum working concentration (v/v for DMSO, methanol, ethanol was found to be 1.25% and that for Tween 20 was 0.16%. LC 50 for the solvents were 8.5% (DMSO, 6.4% (methanol, 3.4% (ethanol and 2.5% (Tween 20. The findings have shown a toxicity level among the solvents in descending order as Tween 20 > ethanol > methanol > DMSO. DMSO is a safer solvent to be used in BSLT compared with other tested solvents, whereas Tween 20 has been shown to be the most stringent solvent among the tested solvents. The findings are resourcefully useful to avoid interference of solvents in the assessment of natural products using BSLT.

Assessing the Language Proficiency of Tribal Heritage Language Learners: Issues and Concerns for American Indian Pueblo Languages

Science.gov (United States)

Sims, Christine

2008-01-01

Among American Indian Pueblo tribes, community-based language revitalisation initiatives have been established in response to a growing language shift towards English. This has been most prominent among school age children, prompting some tribes to extend tribal language programmes into local public schools. For centuries, the transmission of…

Changes in the Structure of the Microbial Community Associated with Nannochloropsis salina following Treatments with Antibiotics and Bioactive Compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Geng, Haifeng; Tran-Gyamfi, Mary B.; Lane, Todd W.; Sale, Kenneth L.; Yu, Eizadora T.

2016-01-01

Open microalgae cultures host a myriad of bacteria, creating a complex system of interacting species that influence algal growth and health. Many algal microbiota studies have been conducted to determine the relative importance of bacterial taxa to algal culture health and physiological states, but these studies have not characterized the interspecies relationships in the microbial communities. We subjected Nanochroloropsis salina cultures to multiple chemical treatments (antibiotics and quorum sensing compounds) and obtained dense time-series data on changes to the microbial community using 16S gene amplicon metagenomic sequencing (21,029,577 reads for 23 samples) to measure microbial taxa-taxa abundance correlations. Short-term treatment with antibiotics resulted in substantially larger shifts in the microbiota structure compared to changes observed following treatment with signaling compounds and glucose. We also calculated operational taxonomic unit (OTU) associations and generated OTU correlation networks to provide an overview of possible bacterial OTU interactions. This analysis identified five major cohesive modules of microbiota with similar co-abundance profiles across different chemical treatments. The Eigengenes of OTU modules were examined for correlation with different external treatment factors. This correlation-based analysis revealed that culture age (time) and treatment types have primary effects on forming network modules and shaping the community structure. Additional network analysis detected Alteromonadeles and Alphaproteobacteria as having the highest centrality, suggesting these species are “keystone” OTUs in the microbial community. Furthermore, we illustrated that the chemical tropodithietic acid, which is secreted by several species in the Alphaproteobacteria taxon, is able to drastically change the structure of the microbiota within 3 h. Taken together, these results provide valuable insights into the structure of the microbiota

"Informar si el padrón que rige se conocen dos pueblos de Amaicha": Reestructuraciones socio-étnicas y disputas por tierras entre la colonia y la república "Informar si el padrón que rige se conocen dos pueblos de Amaicha": Socio-ethnic restructurings and land disputes between colony and republic

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Lorena B. Rodríguez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A partir del estudio del caso del "pueblo de indios de Amaicha", y enmarcando nuestro análisis dentro del concepto de etnogénesis, el objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre las transformaciones socio-étnicas operadas en dicha entidad en el período de transición de la colonia a la república. Estudiaremos el pleito entablado por el alcalde de indios de Amaicha -don Lorenzo Olivares- por la usurpación de unos terrenos ubicados en el valle Calchaquí y también un expediente reclamando tierras en el llano tucumano. Centrándonos en las disputas desatadas en torno a las tierras comunales, nos proponemos abordar principalmente las posibles estrategias que permitieron el mantenimiento/reconstrucción de las mismas así como los sentidos de pertenencia asociados.Based on the study case of pueblo de indios de Amaicha, and framing our analysis within the ethnogenesis concept, the paper poses a reflection over the socio-ethnic transformations operated in the above mentioned entity in the transitional period from colony to republic. We will analyze a litigation started by the alcalde of the pueblo de indios de Amaicha -don Lorenzo de Olivares- regarding the encroachment of lands located in the Calchaquí valley, and also another document claiming lands in the plains of Tucumán. Focusing on the dispute unleashed over communal lands, we propose to examine the possible strategies that allowed the maintenance/reconstruction of the pueblo de indios, as well as the sense of belonging associated.

Effect of salinity on the quantity and quality of carotenoids accumulated by Dunaliella salina (strain CONC-007 and Dunaliella bardawil (strain ATCC 30861 Chlorophyta

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PATRICIA I GÓMEZ

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Dunaliella salina and D. bardawil are well-known microalgae accumulating high levels of b-carotene under growth-limiting conditions. In both taxa, this pigment is primarily composed of the isomers 9-cis and all-trans. The 9-cis b-carotene occurs only in natural sources and is the most attractive from a commercial point of view. The conditions that enhance the preferred accumulation of 9-cis b-carotene in D. salina are controversial and they have not been well established yet. This study examined the effect of salinity on the quantity and quality of total carotenoids and b-carotene isomers accumulated by D. salina (strain CONC-007 and D. bardawil (strain ATCC 30861 grown in two media with different nutritional compositions (PES and ART and at salt concentrations of 1M, 2M and 3M NaCl. Total carotenoids were determined by spectrophotometry and b-carotene isomers, by HPLC. The highest carotenoid contents per cell were obtained at 2M NaCl in both taxa. In both media, an increase of the 9-cis/all-trans b-carotene ratio was observed in D. bardawil when the salt concentration increased, with a maximum value of 2.6 (in ART medium at 3M NaCl. In D. salina this ratio did not exhibit the same pattern, and the salt concentrations for maximal ratios were different in both media. The highest ratio obtained for this strain was 4.3 (in ART medium at 2M NaCl.

97 Etude éco-biologique d'Artémia salina des zones humides de l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Grenelle

l'aviculture de poissons marins [1]. En Algérie, les travaux effectués sur ce crustacé sont relativement rares. Dans le présent ..... dépassent pour certains les normes établies par l'OMS, ce qui peut provoquer le comportement et la dynamique de la reproduction de l'Artémia salina, sans oublier aussi l'action anthropique qui ...

Pastas de Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta como alimento para Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera

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Miguel Guevara

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Pastas de Rhodomonas salina, obtenidas mediante centrifugación y floculación con quitosano y preservadas con o sin vitamina C, a -20°C fueron evaluadas bioquímicamente y proporcionadas como alimento al rotífero Brachionus plicatilis. Las pastas microalgales: (1 centrifugada y con vitamina C (CV, (2 centrifugada y sin vitamina C (C, (3 floculada y con vitamina C (FV y (4 floculada y sin adición de vitamina C (F; mantuvieron sus contenidos de proteínas y lípidos totales similares al cultivo control, con valores de 40.0±2.32% y 12.0±1.45%, respectivamente. La relación feofitina a/clorofila a fue similar (0.09-0.11 entre las pastas centrifugadas y el cultivo control, pero mayor en las pastas floculadas (1.28-1.48. Las pastas centrifugadas presentaron porcentajes de PUFAs totales, EPA y DHA similares al cultivo control (PUFAs: 47%, EPA: 4% y DHA: 4.7% y superiores al de las pastas floculadas. Las pastas obtenidas por centrifugación indujeron un crecimiento del rotífero igual al obtenido con el alimento control (densidad máxima: 320rotíferos/mL; tasa instantánea de crecimiento: 0.23rotíferos/día, fecundidad: 1.49huevos/ hembra y productividad: 43x103rotíferos/L/día. Se concluye que la pasta de R. salina centrifugada y congelada a -20°C, durante cuatro semanas, sin adición de vitamina C, mantiene su calidad nutricional similar a la del alga fresca y puede ser usada como alimento de Brachionus plicatilis.

Los pueblos indígenas de la Amazonia Peruana y el uso político de los medios de comunicación

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Oscar ESPINOSA

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Este artículo trata sobre el uso político de los medios de comunicación (radio, televisión e Internet por parte de los pueblos indígenas de la Amazonia Peruana. En particular, analiza la utilización que el pueblo Shipibo ha hecho de la radio en el proceso de construcción de su identidad étnica y en la creación de sus organizaciones políticas representativas; el tipo de vinculación de los pueblos Ashaninka y Aguaruna, el estado y la televisión sobre todo en la redefinición del concepto de identidad nacional en el contexto de diferentes conflictos armados, y finalmente, se presenta el uso de Internet por el pueblo Ashaninka.El objetivo principal del articulo es mostrar como el empleo de los medios de comunicación permite a las comunidades indígenas hacerse más visibles y actuar políticamente en distintos espacios públicos.ABSTRACT: This article deals with the political use of the means of communication (radio, tv, Internet by the indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazonas. In particular, it analyzes the use made by the Shipibo people of the radio in the construction of their ethnic identity and the creation of representative political organization; the links among the Ashaninka and Aguaruna peoples, the state and the tv in the redefinition of the national identity in the context of armed conflicts, and finally, it presents the use of Internet by Ashaninka people.This article aims at showing that the use of mass media allows indigenous groups to become more visible and to act in different political scenarios.

Obras didácticas de matemática contextualizadas al pueblo indígena Bribri de Costa Rica, a partir de estudios etnomatemáticos

OpenAIRE

Vásquez, Ana

2013-01-01

El presente proyecto pionero en Costa Rica, se enmarca dentro del campo de la educación matemática de los pueblos originarios. Su objetivo es desarrollar capacidades en los docentes de matemática del pueblo indígena Bribri, para la confección colectiva de obras didácticas de matemática contextualizadas y validadas, a través de estudios etnomatemáticos. Lo anterior fortalece su identidad y el respeto por el derecho indígena a un sistema educativo intercultural. Este proyecto será ejecutado por...

Biotechnological potential of Synechocystis salina co-cultures with selected microalgae and cyanobacteria: Nutrients removal, biomass and lipid production.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonçalves, Ana L; Pires, José C M; Simões, Manuel

2016-01-01

Cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria has been the focus of several research studies worldwide, due to the huge biotechnological potential of these photosynthetic microorganisms. However, production of these microorganisms is still not economically viable. One possible alternative to improve the economic feasibility of the process is the use of consortia between microalgae and/or cyanobacteria. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Microcystis aeruginosa were co-cultivated with Synechocystis salina to evaluate how dual-species cultures can influence biomass and lipid production and nutrients removal. Results have shown that the three studied consortia achieved higher biomass productivities than the individual cultures. Additionally, nitrogen and phosphorus consumption rates by the consortia provided final concentrations below the values established by European Union legislation for these nutrients. In the case of lipid productivities, higher values were determined when S. salina was co-cultivated with P. subcapitata and M. aeruginosa. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pueblos, rituales y condiciones de vida prehispánicas en el Valle del Cauca

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Rodríguez Cuenca, José Vicente

2005-01-01

El Valle del Cauca estuvo habitado por diversos pueblos que desarrollaron ingeniosas estrategias adaptativas con el propósito de mantener el equilibrio homeostasis entre la producción de recursos y su consumo. Los sacrificios humanos, las cabezas trofeo, el canibalismo ritual, los festejos asociados a las cosechas, los rituales funerarios, el sostenimiento de tierras de nadie en áreas fronterizas, los mismos combates organizados entre grupos rivales, la exogamia, la reprocidad y el intercambi...

PROCESOS ÉTNICOS Y CULTURA EN LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS DE CHILE

OpenAIRE

Gundermann K., Hans

2013-01-01

Durante las últimas dos décadas las culturas de los pueblos originarios del país quedan inscritas en el corazón de las movilizaciones étnicas y de la política indígena de los recientes gobiernos democráticos y, con ello, experimentan una nueva dinámica e importantes transformaciones. La cultura es a la vez el fundamento y objeto estratégico de acción en la emergencia indígena desarrollada en el periodo. Su conformación como sujetos colectivos se establece desde el recurso a la cultura propia,...

Autoatención en Salud Oral en el Pueblo Yanacona de los Andes del Sur de Colombia

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Edson Jair Ospina Lozano

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes. El pueblo indígena Yanacona tiene sus propias estrategias de entender y atender su proceso salud/enfermedad, referido particularmente a la cavidad oral. En estas actividades no se involucran terapeutas de la medicina tradicional ni de la medicina occidental, las realizan las mismas personas. Objetivo: identificar y analizar las prácticas de autoatención en salud oral de la población Yanacona de los resguardos de Caquiona y Pancitará. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó el método etnográfico. Las técnicas fueron la entrevista semi-estructurada y la observación participante. La información se consignó en el diario de campo. El universo de trabajo fueron las familias de los resguardos de Pancitará y Caquiona. Las unidades de análisis las conformaron cinco familias que cumplían los criterios de inclusión: auto adscripción indígena, los ingresos económicos, la tenencia de dos o más hijos y la escolaridad de la madre.  Resultados: Para los integrantes de este pueblo indígena la boca es necesaria para comer y comunicarse. Las personas reconocen las enfermedades y otras dolencias en su cavidad oral y disponen de conocimientos y destrezas para enfrentarlas, principalmente plantas medicinales y medicamentos farmacéuticos. La caries dental es reconocida como la única enfermedad que afecta a la boca. Se reconoce un origen mágico de las aftas bucales. Los cuidados de la boca implican el uso de cepillo y crema dental y la masticación de una planta -chulco-. Conclusiones. La autoatención en salud oral es una estrategia que le permite a este pueblo indígena solucionar parcialmente los inconvenientes relacionados con su salud/enfermedad oral.

Autoatención en Salud Oral en el Pueblo Yanacona de los Andes del Sur de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edson Jair Ospina Lozano

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes. El pueblo indígena Yanacona tiene sus propias estrategias de entender y atender su proceso salud/enfermedad, referido particularmente a la cavidad oral. En estas actividades no se involucran terapeutas de la medicina tradicional ni de la medicina occidental, las realizan las mismas personas. Objetivo: identificar y analizar las prácticas de autoatención en salud oral de la población Yanacona de los resguardos de Caquiona y Pancitará. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó el método etnográfico. Las técnicas fueron la entrevista semi-estructurada y la observación participante. La información se consignó en el diario de campo. El universo de trabajo fueron las familias de los resguardos de Pancitará y Caquiona. Las unidades de análisis las conformaron cinco familias que cumplían los criterios de inclusión: auto adscripción indígena, los ingresos económicos, la tenencia de dos o más hijos y la escolaridad de la madre.  Resultados: Para los integrantes de este pueblo indígena la boca es necesaria para comer y comunicarse. Las personas reconocen las enfermedades y otras dolencias en su cavidad oral y disponen de conocimientos y destrezas para enfrentarlas, principalmente plantas medicinales y medicamentos farmacéuticos. La caries dental es reconocida como la única enfermedad que afecta a la boca. Se reconoce un origen mágico de las aftas bucales. Los cuidados de la boca implican el uso de cepillo y crema dental y la masticación de una planta -chulco-. Conclusiones. La autoatención en salud oral es una estrategia que le permite a este pueblo indígena solucionar parcialmente los inconvenientes relacionados con su salud/enfermedad oral.

Breve historia del pueblo de Israel, ayer y hoy, ¿puede haber una esperanza de paz en ese territorio?

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María Hernández-Sampelayo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La historia del pueblo de Israel, desde la Antigüedad, iniciaría, a partir de su asentamiento en el territorio de Palestina, uno los conflictos más prolongados del siglo XX, aún no resuelto. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un recorrido por la historia del pueblo de Israel, y profundizar en el análisis del conflicto árabe-israelí, analizando la viabilidad de un proceso de paz hasta hoy no concretado._____________ABSTRACT:The history of the Israeli people, since the Antiquity, would start with their settlement in the territory of Palestine, one of the largest conflicts of the XX century, still in process. The aim of this article is to make a panoramic of the Israeli history and deeply analyze the Arabic-Israeli conflict, analyzing the effectiveness of a peace process not finished until today.

NUEVA RURALIDAD Y SUSTENTABILIDAD SOCIAL EN EL PUEBLO MÁGICO DE CALVILLO, AGUASCALIENTES

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Alejandro Palafox-Muñoz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Con la finalidad de penetrar los espacios rurales para promover el modo de producción capitalista el Estado ha elaborado estrategias para la renovación del espacio rural, a ello se le denomina nueva ruralidad, la cual impulsa el turismo como actividad económica tanto en el campo como en áreas naturales protegidas. En este sentido, el Programa Pueblos Mágicos contribuye a establecer las acciones encaminadas a la apropiación, funcionalización y homogenización del territorio en espacios con precariedades marcadas por la pobreza. Calvillo, Aguascalientes, hoy en día reconocido por la Secretaría de Turismo como uno de los Pueblos Mágicos, es ejemplo vivo de la nueva ruralidad institucional, la cual se caracteriza por una intervención del Estado para el control de los recursos, así como para dirigir la actividad económica de acuerdo con los intereses del capital. Metodológicamente, se aplicaron una serie de entrevistas en profundidad, para que dicha información contribuya al análisis de los efectos de la nueva ruralidad institucional sobre la sustentabilidad social de la localidad, ya que la sociedad está perdiendo las actividades tradicionales que le caracterizaban y la participación de la comunidad se limita a la recepción de recursos e instrucciones para el desarrollo turístico de la comunidad.

Un modelo del gasto con factores sociodemográficos y de hábitos de viaje en Pueblos Mágicos del Estado de Guanajuato, México

OpenAIRE

Treviño Aguilar, Erick; Heald, Jeremy; Guerrero Rodríguez, Rafael

2015-01-01

En este trabajo se presenta un panorama de la industria turística mexicana que incluye un análisis de las tendencias y la competitividad del sector en el contexto de la aplicación del Programa Nacional de Pueblos Mágicos. Se desarrolla un modelo econométrico con el fin de analizar el comportamiento del gasto de los visitantes a los Pueblos Mágicos del Estado de Guanajuato. Los coeficientes del modelo son estimados con una base de datos de la Secretaría de Turismo del Estado de Guanajuato. La ...

Geology of the Delta, Escalante, Price, Richfield, and Salina 10 x 20 quadrangles, Utah

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thayer, P.A.

1981-11-01

The National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program was established to evaluate domestic uranium resources in the continental United States and to identify areas favorable for uranium exploration. The Grand Junction Office of the Department of Energy is responsible for administering the program. The Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) is responsible for hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment reconnaissance (HSSR) of 3.9 million km 2 (1,500,000 mi 2 ) in 37 eastern and western states. This document provides geologic and mineral resources reports for the Delta, Escalante, Price, Richfield, and Salina 1 0 x 2 0 National Topographic Map Series quadrangles, Utah. The purpose of these reports is to provide background geologic and mineral resources information to aid in the interpretation of NURE geochemical reconnaissance data. Except for the Escalante Quadrangle, each report is accompanied by a geologic map and a mineral locality map (Plates 1-8, in pocket). The US Geological Survey previously published a 1 0 x 2 0 geologic map of the Escalante Quadrangle and described the uranium deposits in the area (Hackman and Wyant, 1973). NURE hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment reconnaissance data for these quadrangles have been issued previously in some of the reports included in the references

Tolerance induction to stress caused by lavender (Lavandula angustifolia extracts in the microalga Dunaliella salina through metabolic modifications and β-carotene production

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Sahar Mazang-Ghasemi

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The inhibitory or stimulatory effect of one plant on other plant species through the released chemical compounds into the environment, known as allelochemicals, is called allelopathy. In the present study, effect of aqueous extracts of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia leaves on growth pattern and ability of β-carotene production in unicellular green alga, Dunaliella salina was investigated. Based on these results, phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of the extracts was relatively low. Treated cultures with extract concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 % showed that the process of cell division was ceased because of extracts phytotoxicity. However, the chlorophyll and β-carotene concentration pronouncedly increased in phytotoxin-treated cells, so that the highest of these values were detected in 3 % extracts-exposed cells. Percentage change of all three fresh weight, total sugar and protein between 0 and 48 h of phytotoxins treatment was significantly increased concurrently with increasing dose of extracts. These results suggest that D. salina tolerate allelochemicals-induced stress by metabolic modifications. Therefore, phytotoxins-tolerance mechanisms in D. salina are associated with physiological and metabolic adjustments by allocating the carbon flux to the synthesis of the sugars, chlorophyll and β-carotene, which induce phytotoxins stress tolerance in this alga.

Analysis of impact of temperature and saltwater on Nannochloropsis salina bio-oil production by ultra high resolution APCI FT-ICR MS

KAUST Repository

Sanguineti, Michael Mario; Hourani, Nadim; Witt, Matthí as; Sarathy, Mani; Thomsen, Laurenz A.; Kuhnert, Nikolai

2015-01-01

Concentrated Nannochloropsis salina paste was reconstituted in distilled water and synthetic saltwater and processed at 250°C and 300°C via hydrothermal liquefaction. The resulting bio-oils yielded a diverse distribution of product classes

Different strategies of osmoadaptation in the closely related marine myxobacteria Enhygromyxa salina SWB007 and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1.

Science.gov (United States)

Amiri Moghaddam, Jamshid; Boehringer, Nils; Burdziak, Amal; Kunte, Hans-Jörg; Galinski, Erwin A; Schäberle, Till F

2016-02-03

Only a few myxobacteria are known to date which are classified as marine due to their salt-dependency. In this study, the salt tolerance mechanism of these bacteria was investigated. Therefore, a growth medium was designed, in which the mutated Escherichia coli strain BKA13 served as sole food source for the predatory, heterotrophic myxobacteria. This enabled measurement of the osmolytes without any background and revealed that the closely related strains Enhygromyxa salina SWB007 and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1 developed different strategies to handle salt stress. P. pacifica SIR-1, which was grown between 1-4 % NaCl, relies solely on the accumulation of amino acids, while E. salina SWB007, which was grown between 0.5-3 % NaCl, employs, beside betaine, hydroxyectoine as the major compatible solute. In accordance with this analysis, only in the latter strain a gene locus was identified which codes for genes corresponding to the biosynthesis of betaine, ectoine, and hydroxyectoine.

Urban Expansion on Indigenous Lands. The pueblo de indios of La Toma in the Royal Audience of Buenos Aires Expansión urbana sobre tierras indígenas. El pueblo de La Toma en la Real Audiencia de Buenos Aires

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Sonia Tell

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This article focuses on land conflicts in those "pueblos de indios" which were able to preserve their lands until the late nineteenth century in the jurisdiction of Cordoba. It is based on a case study: the Indian town of La Toma -which was settled near the city of Cordoba- between 1790 and 1825. More specifically, it reconstructs the attempts of the Spanish chapter, the jesuits and some landowners to occupy some pieces of land in the town, and to legalize the occupation. It also looks at the indigenous strategies for the defense of their land rights, which were supported by the Royal Audience of Buenos Aires which allowed them to avoid the restrictions imposed by local courts.A partir del estudio del caso de La Toma entre fines del siglo XVIII y principios del siglo XIX, se abordan los conflictos por las tierras de aquella parte de la población indígena encomendada y asentada en la jurisdicción de Córdoba, que fue reducida en "pueblos de indios" en el siglo XVII y que logró preservar el control sobre sus tierras comunales durante los dos siglos siguientes. Específicamente, se reconstruyen los intentos del cabildo, la Compañía de Jesús y los vecinos españoles por ocupar de hecho las tierras de ese pueblo de indios asentado en las cercanías de la ciudad de Córdoba y por legalizar esa situación, así como las estrategias indígenas de defensa de sus derechos, que contaron con el apoyo de los funcionarios la Real Audiencia de Buenos Aires y permitieron eludir las trabas impuestas por la justicia local.

“Pueblos Turísticos”. El caso de Carlos Keen

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Mariangel Cacciutto

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio pretende indagar acerca de las características de los procesos participativos en el marco de un programa publico provincial enfocado al desarrollo turístico. Para tal fin, y mediante un abordaje cualitativo, se propone analizar el alcance de la participación, los modos de comunicación y decisión y la extensión de la autoridad en la localidad de Carlos Keen (Buenos Aires, área de aplicación del programa provincial “Pueblos Turísticos”. Los resultados permiten establecer que si bien se trata de un programa con alto grado de exclusividad participativa, donde se han generado espacios de comunicación y deliberación conjunta, esta circunstancia se ve condicionada por la limitada participación de la comunidad.

Propuesta de Citymarketing para los Pueblos Mágicos del estado de Puebla

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Adolfo Federico Herrera García

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Actualmente se buscan diferentes alternativas para incrementar la competitividad económica entre los países, estados y regiones con la intención de detonar su desarrollo. La creación de una propuesta de citymarketing puede ser considerada como una alternativa para alcanzar este objetivo. El presente trabajo presenta el modelo de diamante del turismo propuesto por Michael Porter, y es aplicado para los municipios de Chignahuapan, Zacatlán, Xicotepec de Juárez, Pahuatlán y Tlatlauqitepec con la finalidad de desarrollar una propuesta de citymarketing turístico de estos municipios considerados Pueblos Mágicos.

¿La ‘soberanía de la tierra’ como alternativa? Hacia un contracercamiento de los pueblos

NARCIS (Netherlands)

S.M. Borras jr. (Saturnino); J.C. Franco (Jennifer)

2012-01-01

textabstract1. La soberanía de la tierra se refiere al derecho que tienen los pueblos trabajadores al acceso efectivo a la tierra, al uso de ella y a su control, así como a los beneficios de su uso y ocupación, entendiendo la tierra como un recurso, como territorio y como paisaje. 2. La soberanía

Ciudadanía y educación en clave étnica. Tensiones y aproximaciones sobre el lugar de los Pueblos Originarios en el discurso educativo argentino.

OpenAIRE

Viard, Graciela; Salerno, Nancy

2015-01-01

La vuelta a la democracia en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos durante la década de 80’ generó un clima favorable para la emergencia de la cuestión étnica. En Argentina, en el marco de la reforma constitucional de 1994, se evidenció un resurgimiento de la visibilización de los pueblos indígenas, aún de grupos que se consideraban desaparecidos o al borde de la extinción, lo que fue modificando la consideración de la sociedad argentina hacia estos pueblos. En nuestro país, tr...

Los movimientos de protesta del Pueblo Mapuche en Chile, 2000-2012: Balance y perspectivas

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Rita Cancino

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Aunque el Pueblo Mapuche de Chile es numéricamente reducido, sus reivindicaciones históricas y luchas actuales tienen el mismo contenido que las de otros pueblos originarios de América Latina con mayor población. Durante cuatro siglos los Mapuches no dejaron de combatir el colonialismo español. Desde 1830, el Estado chileno ha ejercido una colonización interior que les expropió sus tierras ancestrales, desconoció su lengua, cultura e identidad subsumiéndolos en la identidad chilena. Los movimientos mapuches actuales expresan la continuidad de una lucha de resistencia frente al Estado Nacional que nunca ha cesado. En 1979 la dictadura militar promulgó el Decreto de Ley 2.568 cuyo objetivo fue la disolución de las comunidades mapuches. Las movilizaciones mapuches fueron iniciadas en los 80 y formaban parte de los movimientos de protesta contra los procesos de globalización y modernización que han generado enormes impactos ambientales. En este artículo se discutirán las perspectivas de la lucha mapuche en un país donde los pueblos originarios constituyen una minoría y las posibilidades eventuales de estos de entablar alianza con otros sectores oprimidos para poder alcanzar los objetivos de su lucha. English: Although the Mapuche people of Chile is numerically a small group, its historical and current struggles have the same content as that of other peoples of Latin America with larger population. For four centuries the Mapuche people never stopped fighting against the Spanish colonialism. Since 1830, the Chilean government has exerted inner colonization by expropriating their ancestral lands, ignoring their language, culture and identity forcing them into the Chilean identity. The current Mapuche movements express the continuity of a resistance struggle against the Federal Government which has never ceased. In 1979, the military dictatorship enacted the Decree Law 2.568 aimed at the liquidation of the Mapuche communities. The

Desenvolvimento de mudas de pinhão-manso irrigadas com água salina

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Fábio Santos Matos

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O uso de água salina na irrigação torna-se importante alternativa diante daescassez de água de boa qualidade em todo o mundo. O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L. possui baixa exigência hídrica, sobrevive e apresenta produção satisfatória em solos de baixa fertilidade. No entanto, a sua produção é maior em cultivos irrigados, o que reforça a necessidade de desenvolvimento de pesquisas para uso de água salina. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação nas características morfofisiológicas de mudas de pinhão-manso. Para isso, foi conduzido experimento em casa de vegetação com interceptação de 50 % da radiação solar, localizada na Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Ipameri, Goiás. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos com capacidade de 4 L de solo, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. As plantas foram irrigadas diariamente com 150 mL de água não salina, durante os 30 primeiros dias após a germinação das sementes. Do 31º ao 50º dia, as plantas foram submetidas a quatro tratamentos: plantas diariamente irrigadas com água de condutividade elétrica igual a 0,5; 8; 16 e 24 dS m-1. Aos 50 dias após a germinação, analisaram-se as seguintes características nas mudas de pinhão-manso: número de folhas; altura de planta; diâmetro de ramo; teor relativo de água; área foliar; clorofila total; razões de massa radicular, massa caulinar, massa foliar e parte aérea/sistema radicular; e biomassa total. Os resultados evidenciaram que as mudas de pinhão-manso irrigadas com água de condutividade elétrica 8 dS m-1 não apresentaram redução do crescimento vegetativo. Todavia, a água de irrigação com condutividade elétrica 16 dS m-1 causou redução no crescimento vegetativo e elevou a senescência e abscisão foliar. Água com condutividade elétrica elétrica de pinhão-manso na fase de mudas.

Salinity-Induced Palmella Formation Mechanism in Halotolerant Algae Dunaliella salina Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics

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Sijia Wei

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Palmella stage is critical for some unicellular algae to survive in extreme environments. The halotolerant algae Dunaliella salina is a good single-cell model for studying plant adaptation to high salinity. To investigate the molecular adaptation mechanism in salinity shock-induced palmella formation, we performed a comprehensive physiological, proteomics and phosphoproteomics study upon palmella formation of D. salina using dimethyl labeling and Ti4+-immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC proteomic approaches. We found that 151 salinity-responsive proteins and 35 salinity-responsive phosphoproteins were involved in multiple signaling and metabolic pathways upon palmella formation. Taken together with photosynthetic parameters and enzyme activity analyses, the patterns of protein accumulation and phosphorylation level exhibited the mechanisms upon palmella formation, including dynamics of cytoskeleton and cell membrane curvature, accumulation and transport of exopolysaccharides, photosynthesis and energy supplying (i.e., photosystem II stability and activity, cyclic electron transport, and C4 pathway, nuclear/chloroplastic gene expression regulation and protein processing, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and salt signaling transduction. The salinity-responsive protein–protein interaction (PPI networks implied that signaling and protein synthesis and fate are crucial for modulation of these processes. Importantly, the 3D structure of phosphoprotein clearly indicated that the phosphorylation sites of eight proteins were localized in the region of function domain.

Prospecção fitoquímica de Sonchus oleraceus e sua toxicidade sobre o microcrustáceo Artemia salina Phytochemical prospecting of Sonchus oleraceus and its toxicity to Artemia salina

OpenAIRE

J.M. Lima; C.A. Silva; M.B. Rosa; J.B. Santos; T.G. Oliveira; M.B. Silva

2009-01-01

A espécie vegetal Sonchus oleraceus é uma planta daninha presente em diversas culturas no Brasil e de utilização na medicina popular. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica dessa espécie com extratos em etanol, água e diclorometano, bem como testes de toxicidade sobre o microcrustáceo Artemia salina. O extrato aquoso apresentou em sua composição açúcares redutores, compostos fenólicos, taninos, flavonóides e cumarinas. No extrato etanólico, observaram-se os mesmos compostos qual...

Comparison of bioassays using the anostracan crustaceans Artemia salina and Thamnocephalus platyurus for plant extract toxicity screening

OpenAIRE

Mayorga,Pablo; Pérez,Karen R.; Cruz,Sully M.; Cáceres,Armando

2010-01-01

Three lethality bioassays, using the salt-water crustacean Artemia salina Leach, Artemiidae, (conventional 96 microwell plate test and the Artoxkit M microbiotest) and the freshwater crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard, Thamnocephalidae, (Thamnotoxkit F microbiotest), were compared using extracts of ten Guatemalan plant species. It was previously observed that five of them have anti-Artemia activity. These were: Solanum americanum Mill., Solanaceae, Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex ...

Assembly of the Lactuca sativa, L. cv. Tizian draft genome sequence reveals differences within major resistance complex 1 as compared to the cv. Salinas reference genome.

Science.gov (United States)

Verwaaijen, Bart; Wibberg, Daniel; Nelkner, Johanna; Gordin, Miriam; Rupp, Oliver; Winkler, Anika; Bremges, Andreas; Blom, Jochen; Grosch, Rita; Pühler, Alfred; Schlüter, Andreas

2018-02-10

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) is an important annual plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). The commercial lettuce cultivar Tizian has been used in various scientific studies investigating the interaction of the plant with phytopathogens or biological control agents. Here, we present the de novo draft genome sequencing and gene prediction for this specific cultivar derived from transcriptome sequence data. The assembled scaffolds amount to a size of 2.22 Gb. Based on RNAseq data, 31,112 transcript isoforms were identified. Functional predictions for these transcripts were determined within the GenDBE annotation platform. Comparison with the cv. Salinas reference genome revealed a high degree of sequence similarity on genome and transcriptome levels, with an average amino acid identity of 99%. Furthermore, it was observed that two large regions are either missing or are highly divergent within the cv. Tizian genome compared to cv. Salinas. One of these regions covers the major resistance complex 1 region of cv. Salinas. The cv. Tizian draft genome sequence provides a valuable resource for future functional and transcriptome analyses focused on this lettuce cultivar. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Executive summary of a draft report on the geology and salt deposits of the Salina Salt Basin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-01-01

The study discussed is the first phase of a program for the geologic evaluation of the Silurian-age bedded salt of the Salina Group. The Salina Salt Basin, as used in this study, includes those portions of the Appalachian and Michigan basins that are underlain by the Salina Group. The full draft report consists of a regional reconnaissance, identification of study areas in New York and Ohio which are deserving of a more thorough evaluation, and a program plan to accomplish that evaluation. The entire draft report is in two volumes, contains 1068 pages and 204 figures, and has a bibliography that consists of over 1100 separate entries. This summary has been prepared for the benefit of those who wish to review the results of this phase of the evaluation but who do not want to go through the exhaustive detail that is present in the full report. The regional reconnaissance was accomplished by a very thorough and extensive literature review, addressing the following topics: depth of salt, thickness, stratigraphy, tectonics, structure, seismicity, hydrology, erosion and denudation, and mineral resources. Before further technical evaluation proceeds, the draft report and the proposed program are being subjected to a thorough evaluation by a number of groups, including appropriate state agencies. This rather extensive review process is being conducted to ensure that the program is performed entirely in the open and subject to continuous public surveillance. This report does not represent the first work that has been done in this region with regard to evaluating the salt deposits for waste disposal. Previous efforts have been limited, however, and have been done by individual consultants. At the present time, the U.S. Geological Survey is also participating in the technical evaluation; their results will be issued separately. In addition to the technical evaluations, environmental surveys will also be conducted as an integral part of this thorough evaluation program

Libro fotográfico Shuar : Pueblo Guerrero de la antigüedad a la actualidad

OpenAIRE

Montero Piña, Jhomara Rosenda

2017-01-01

El presente proyecto es el resultado de un proceso de investigación y recopilación, realizado en algunas comunidades Shuar de la provincia de Morona Santiago resaltando la convivencia entre los Shuar y Misioneros Salesianos, sus costumbres y tradiciones. Un análisis comparativo de las formas de vida de los Shuar antiguamente y actualmente que mantiene este pueblo. This project is the product of an investigation and recopilation process. It has been carried out in some Shuar comunities with...

José Martí, Viajes y Apreciación del Pueblo Maya

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Carlos Eduardo Bojórquez Urzaiz

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo expone y examina los cambios de percepción que experimentó José Martí sobre el papel de los pueblos originarios de América, entre 1875 y 1878, años en los que vivió en México y Guatemala, con intensa escala en Yucatán, lugares donde conoció directamente la cultura y el pueblo maya. Martí resume una visión inicial de nuestra América en la figura lítica de Chacmool cuando después de ser expropiada por el gobierno yucateco, el Apóstol cubano la admira en la ciudad de Mérida y expresa que es la síntesis de las culturas americanas. Aspecto poco estudiado en la obra de Martí es este acercamiento etnográfico a la realidad maya de Yucatán y Guatemala.   This paper aims at presenting and examining the change of perception José Martí underwent in relation to the role of the native peoples of America between 1875 and 1878, the years he lived in Mexico and Guatemala, during which he spent a large amount of time in Yucatan, where he was able to get to know the Mayan culture and its people first hand. Martí summarized his initial vision of our America in the lithic figure of Chacmool, which he was able to admire in the city of Merida, after it had been expropriated by the government of Yucatan. The Cuban apostle described this as a synthesis of American cultures. This ethnographic insight into the Mayan reality in Yucatan and Guatemala represents a scarcely explored aspect of Martí's work.

Presencia de un pueblo : reminiscencias de la ciudad de San Gil del doctor Rito Rueda Rueda

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Victor Emilio Jara

1968-04-01

Full Text Available La muy noble y muy leal Villa de Santa Cruz y San Gil de la Nueva Baeza en el Reino de Granada aparece con su acta de fundación en el libro Presencia de un pueblo, del que es autor el historiador y abogado doctor Rito Rueda Rueda, quien presenta la fausta efemérides con la totalidad del documento de fundación del que transcribimos esta muestra...

Salt-stimulation of caesium accumulation in the euryhaline green microalga Chlorella salina: potential relevance to the development of a biological Cs-removal process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Avery, S. V.; Codd, G. A.; Gadd, G. M. [Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN (United Kingdom)

1993-07-01

Accumulation of Cs{sup +} by Chlorella salina was 28-fold greater in cells incubated in the presence than in the absence of 0.5 M-NaCl. An approximate 70% removal of external Cs{sup +} resulted after 15 h incubation of cells with 50 μ;M-CsCl and 0.5 M-NaCl. LiCl also had a stimulatory effect on Cs{sup +} uptake, although mannitol did not. Cs{sup +} influx increased with increasing external NaCl concentration and was maximal between 25-500 mM-NaCl at approximately 4 nmol Cs{sup +} h−1 (10{sup 6} cells){sup −1}. Little effect on Cs{sup +} uptake resulted from the presence of Mg{sup 2+} or Ca{sup 2+} or from varying the external pH, and Cs{sup +} was relatively non-toxic towards C. salina. At increasing cell densities (from 4 × 10{sup 5} to 1 × 10{sup 7} cells ml{sup +1}), decreasing amounts of Cs{sup +} were accumulated per cell although the rate of Cs{sup +} removal from the external medium was still greatest at the higher cell densities examined. Freely suspended C. salina and cell-loaded alginate microbeads accumulated similar levels of Cs{sup +}, however, 46% of total Cs{sup +} uptake was attributable to the calcium-alginate matrix in the latter case. When Cs{sup +}-loaded cells were subjected to hypoosmotic shock, loss of cellular Cs{sup +} occurred allowing easy Cs{sup +} recovery. This loss exceeded 90% of cellular Cs{sup +} when cells were washed with solutions containing ≤ 50 mM-NaCl between consecutive Cs{sup +} uptake periods; these cells subsequently lost their ability to accumulate large amounts of Cs{sup +}. Maximal Cs{sup +} uptake (approximately 85.1% removal after three 15 h incubations) occurred when cells were washed with a solution containing 500 mM-NaCl and 200 mM-KCl between incubations. The relevance of these results to the possible use of C. salina in a salt-dependent biological Cs-removal process is discussed. (author)

Pueblos de tradición nómada de la Amazonia y la Orinoquía: Aprendizajes y proyecciones para afrontar el futuro. Memorias de un encuentro

OpenAIRE

2010-01-01

Recopilación de las memorias del “Encuentro de pueblos de tradición nómada de la Amazonia y la Orinoquía. Aprendizajes y proyecciones para afrontar el futuro, realizado en San José del Guaviare (Departamento del Guaviare, Colombia), los días 2 y 3 de julio de 2009. Dicho Encuentro fue organizado y convocado por la Alcaldía de San José del Guaviare, la Defensoría del Pueblo seccional Guaviare, el Sistema de Naciones Unidas en Colombia, a través de ACNUR, OACNUDH, OCHA y PNUD, y la Universidad ...

Effects of salinity, commercial salts, and water type on cultivation of the cryptophyte microalgae Rhodomonas salina and the calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jepsen, Per Meyer; Thoisen, Christina V.; Carron-Cabaret, Thibaut

2018-01-01

Marine aquaculture facilities positioned far from the sea need access to seawater (SW); hence, commercial salts are often the chosen solution. In marine hatcheries, most fish larvae require live feed (zooplankton) that are in turn fed with microalgae. The objective of this research was to investi......Marine aquaculture facilities positioned far from the sea need access to seawater (SW); hence, commercial salts are often the chosen solution. In marine hatcheries, most fish larvae require live feed (zooplankton) that are in turn fed with microalgae. The objective of this research...... was to investigate the applicability of commercial salts and clarify the potential effects on the cultivation of the microalga Rhodomonas salina and the copepod Acartia tonsa. Three commercial salts were tested, Red Sea Salt (RS), Red Sea – Coral Pro Salt (CP), and Blue Treasure Salt. R. salina was cultured...

Mas allá de la estadistica alimentaria y nutricional: percepciones de un aguaruna con relación a la situación alimentaria de su pueblo

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Lucio Huamán-Espino

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Los Aguaruna son uno de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos más numerosos,hace tres décadas fueron descritos como un pueblo saludable debido a su adecuada nutrición;sin embargo,estudios recientes demuestran que esto ya no es así.Buscando una explicación diferente a lo que proporcionan las estadísticas,se realizó un enfoque cualitativo del problema,a través de una historia oral con un técnico sanitario aguaruna,que relata como la intervención de la "civilización " a influido en ellos.Son un pueblo dedicado a la caza,pesca y recolección,que ahora al reunirse en co - munidades y adoptar algunas costumbres foráneas sin conciencia de conservación,han sobreexplotado su entorno, disminuyendo su fuente de proteínas obtenidas a través de la caza y pesca.Existe un temor a realizar nuevas activi- dades (agricultura,ganadería y la crianza de animalesque implican nuevas formas de trabajo y no han formado parte de su quehacer histórico.

Reproducción identitaria y social en las redes translocales de migrantes de dos pueblos andinos

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Jacques Malengreau

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Se analizan de manera comparativa —según su destino y según su origen— las estrategias adoptadas por los migrantes de dos comunidades andinas de distintas regiones del Perú en su manejo de recursos sociales, culturales y materiales de su entorno extendido en el cuadro de su experiencia translocal. Estas estrategias están fundadas en una forma paralela. Por una parte, sobre una extensión de los lazos domésticos del pueblo originario, sobre todo a través de una continuidad transgeneracional basada en la descendenciacolateral tío(a – sobrino (a entre el pueblo originario y el lugar de inmigración, lo que implica un debilitamiento de las identidades colectivas supradomésticas originarias. Y, por otra parte, sobre la construcción de lazos vecindarios nuevos interétnicos, lo cual reinventa un modelo de solidaridad social en el lugar de inmigración. Estas estrategias —que combinan la jerarquización, el clientelismo, así como la reciprocidad y la redistribución— implican una reinterpretaciónde las normas vehiculadas por el modelo empresarial «liberal»,productivista, competitivo y consumista acondicionado a partir de un mundo extranjero que se manifiesta en una forma transnacional y transregional. En consecuencia, se pueden ver de modo comparativo las estrategias seguidas por los migrantes de ambos pueblos originarios como un desarrollo, tanto de rasgos comunes, como de particularidades que son ligadas, no solamente a las experiencias sociohistóricas y a las herencias culturales propias de cada uno de los pueblos, sino también al tipo de destino escogido por ellos; porejemplo, Lima metropolitana, los centros urbanos regionales y los valles tropicales del oriente. -- This article contrasts strategies adopted by migrants from two Andeancommunities located in different regions in Peru, in their useof social, cultural, and material networks, taking into consideration the place they settle in and where they come from, their

Comparison of bioassays using the anostracan crustaceans Artemia salina and Thamnocephalus platyurus for plant extract toxicity screening Comparação de bioensaios com os crustáceos Artemia salina e Thamnocephalus platyurus para abordagem de extratos de plantas com toxicidade

OpenAIRE

Pablo Mayorga; Karen R. Pérez; Sully M. Cruz; Armando Cáceres

2010-01-01

Three lethality bioassays, using the salt-water crustacean Artemia salina Leach, Artemiidae, (conventional 96 microwell plate test and the Artoxkit M microbiotest) and the freshwater crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard, Thamnocephalidae, (Thamnotoxkit F microbiotest), were compared using extracts of ten Guatemalan plant species. It was previously observed that five of them have anti-Artemia activity. These were: Solanum americanum Mill., Solanaceae, Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex ...

Analysis of Economic and Social Effects of Pueblo Viejo Mining Project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Parra, Cristian; Pacheco Cueva, Vladimir

some key recommendations to effectively transform its effects into social capital and an improved level of human development. Current market conditions and new mining projects are providing extraordinary, positive and long term possibilities for improving the social and economic wellbeing in host......The research was conducted during the last quarter of 2010 and the first semester of 2011. It included planning the field work, conducting interviews, collecting data, reviewing secondary sources of information, carrying out analysis, internal and external session discussions and writing up...... the final report. This document contributes to the ongoing understanding of the potential impacts and effects of the Pueblo Viejo mining project on the human development and general progress of the people of Dominican Republic. We explain the most significant and potential effects of the project and provide...

78 FR 37790 - In the Matter of: Mario Salinas-Lucio, Inmate Number #61687-279, FCI La Tuna, Federal Corrections...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-24

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security In the Matter of: Mario Salinas-Lucio... Order with the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security. The appeal must be filed within 45....S.C. 793, 794 or 798; section 4(b) of the Internal Security Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 783(b)), or...

Gyrodactylus salinae n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea infecting the south European toothcarp Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae from a hypersaline environment in Italy

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Huyse Tine

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Historically, non-native species of Gambusia (Poeciliidae have been used to control larval stages of the Asian tiger mosquito, Stegomyia albopicta Reinert, Harbach et Kitching, 2004 throughout Italy. The potential utility of indigenous populations of Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae as an appropriate alternative biological control is currently being explored. A sub-sample of ten fish collected from Cervia Saline, Italy (salinity 65 ppt; 30°C to assess their reproductive capability in captivity, harboured a moderate infection of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea. A subsequent morphological and molecular study identified this as being a new species. Results Gyrodactylus salinae n. sp. is described from the skin, fins and gills of A. fasciatus. Light and scanning electron microscopical (SEM examination of the opisthaptoral armature and their comparison with all other recorded species suggested morphological similarities to Gyrodactylus rugiensoides Huyse et Volckaert, 2002 from Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas. Features of the ventral bar, however, permit its discrimination from G. rugiensoides. Sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S rRNA gene and a comparison with all species listed in GenBank confirmed they are unique and represent a new species (most similar to Gyrodactylus anguillae Ergens, 1960, 8.3% pair-wise distance based on 5.8S+ITS2. This represents the first species of Gyrodactylus to be described from Aphanius and, to date, has the longest ITS1 (774 bp sequenced from any Gyrodactylus. Additional sampling of Cervia Saline throughout the year, found G. salinae n. sp. to persist in conditions ranging from 35 ppt and 5°C in December to 65 ppt and 30°C in July, while in captivity a low level of infection was present, even in freshwater conditions (0 ppt. Conclusions The ability of G. salinae n. sp. to tolerate a wide

Etnogénesis como práctica. Arqueología y turismo en el pueblo manta (Ecuador

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Macarena Hernández-Ramírez

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El pueblo manta (Manabí, Ecuador se ha constituido como tal a principios del siglo XXI. Su devenir, desde que los indios de la costa ecuatoriana fueran reportados por primera vez en el siglo XVI, nos sitúa ante un proceso de etnogénesis muy particular que invita a reflexionar sobre las emergencias étnicas en el mundo globalizado. La literatura presenta los fenómenos de etnogénesis como procesos multidimensionales afectados por intereses territoriales, movimientos reivindicativos, políticas públicas, u organismos internacionales. El caso manteño muestra que es conveniente ampliar esas dimensiones apuntadas hasta ahora, incorporando las percepciones territoriales, la participación en el mercado o la organización socio-política interna. El análisis de la arqueologización y del desarrollo del turismo comunitario en el pueblo manta nos invita a ampliar sustancialmente esa multidimensionalidad de la etnogénesis. Desde esta perspectiva, la etnogénesis debería ser entendida como práctica adaptativa, de resistencia y creatividad a un tiempo, que afecta a la organización social y a la inserción en el entorno del grupo que la protagoniza.

Approaches about prescriptions and corporal practices in schools in Pirapora, Januária and Salinas (1906-1927

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ELISÂNGELA CHAVES

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The text analyses the proposal of the corporal education in schools in the north of Minas Gerais during 1906 and 1927, especially in Pirapora, januária and Salinas. As main source, the research made use of oral reports and other documents directly related to school memory to understand how physical activities were realized as habit and attitude-forming, in a historic moment in which Brazil used to cherish the modernizing speech.

Educación Superior y Pueblos Indígenas en América Latina: “Resistencias, rupturas y pluralismos en la educación superior”

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Xinia Zúñiga Muñoz

2016-10-01

Full Text Available En el marco del XXX Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Sociología (ALAS realizado en San José de Costa Rica, Centroamérica, entre el 30 de noviembre y el 4 de Diciembre del 2015, bajo el lema “pueblos en movimiento”, se llevó a cabo el Encuentro “Educación Superior y Pueblos Indígenas: Resistencias, rupturas y pluralismos en la educación superior” realizado durante los días 3 y 4 de Diciembre, en el Paraninfo “Daniel Oduber Quirós” de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica (UNED, sede de este evento, organizado con el apoyo de la Universidad Nacional y de la Universidad de Costa Rica.

Desarrollo humano versus empoderamiento : ¿puede el enfoque de desarrollo humano explicar adecuadamente la pobreza de los pueblos indígenas? : el caso de los Maasai en Kajiado, Kenia

OpenAIRE

Kempf, Isabell

2004-01-01

La evolución del pensamiento sobre pobreza ha estado acompañada por una creciente evidencia de que la exclusión social y la discriminación étnica son causas importantes de la misma. Esta tesis propone un modelo nuevo para comprender las causas que originan la pobreza de los pueblos indígenas, el cual podría considerarse en un futuro para diseñar programas de reducción de la pobreza. Con este fin la tesis aborda dos preguntas centrales: 1. ¿Cuáles son las causas de la pobreza de los pueblos in...

Un enfoque del audiovisual etnográfico hacia el desarrollo y la inclusión social de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes de Centroamérica

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Luis Bruzón Delgado

2016-03-01

Full Text Available La comunicación se presenta en este artículo como un elemento estratégico capaz de fortalecer y estimular el binomio cultura y desarrollo y de promover el diálogo intercultural para, a su vez, dinamizar los conceptos de identidad cultural, fomento de la creatividad y convivencia pacífica entre los pueblos, con el fin impulsar estrategias de desarrollo e inclusión social de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes de Centroamérica. El audiovisual etnográfico, subproducto de dicho planteamiento, emerge como una herramienta susceptible de estudio y proyección.

Composição química e toxicidade frente Aedes aegypti L. e Artemia salina Leach do óleo essencial das folhas de Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey. DC.

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C.S. ROSA

2016-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A dengue está entre as doenças virais de propagação vetorial mais importante no mundo, causando sérios impactos de morbidade e mortalidade. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a composição química e a toxicidade do óleo essencial de Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey D.C. frente Aedes aegypti e Artemia salina. Folhas de M. sylvatica foram coletadas no Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, no município de Carolina (MA no mês de fevereiro de 2012. O óleo foi obtido por hidrodestilação e sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG/EM. O bioensaio frente Artemia salina e às larvas de 3° estádio de Aedes aegypti foram realizados em diferentes concentrações. Os dados de mortalidade foram avaliados por regressão linear para determinar os valores de CL50. Obteve-se 0,5% de rendimento, sendo o (E-cariofileno o constituinte majoritário. O óleo essencial apresentou uma CL50 = 79,44 µg/mL frente A. salina, sendo considerado altamente tóxico. No entanto, este óleo não demonstrou efeito sobre as larvas de A. aegypti. Considerando que o teste de Artemia salina tem correlação com atividades biológicas de grande interesse terapêutico como antitumoral, o óleo essencial das folhas de M. sylvatica demonstrou potencial para desenvolvimento de produtos farmacêuticos.

Integration of risk analysis, land use planning, and cost analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajen, G.; Sanchez, G.

1994-01-01

The Department of Energy (DOE) and the Pueblo of San Ildefonso (Pueblo), which is a sovereign Indian tribe, have often been involved in adversarial situations regarding the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The Pueblo shares a common boundary with the LANL. This paper describes an on-going project that could alter the DOE and the Pueblo's relationship to one of cooperation; and unite the DOE and the Pueblo in a Pollution Prevention/Waste Minimization, and Integrated Risk Analysis and Land Use Planning effort

Comparison of bioassays using the anostracan crustaceans Artemia salina and Thamnocephalus platyurus for plant extract toxicity screening Comparação de bioensaios com os crustáceos Artemia salina e Thamnocephalus platyurus para abordagem de extratos de plantas com toxicidade

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Pablo Mayorga

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Three lethality bioassays, using the salt-water crustacean Artemia salina Leach, Artemiidae, (conventional 96 microwell plate test and the Artoxkit M microbiotest and the freshwater crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard, Thamnocephalidae, (Thamnotoxkit F microbiotest, were compared using extracts of ten Guatemalan plant species. It was previously observed that five of them have anti-Artemia activity. These were: Solanum americanum Mill., Solanaceae, Gliricidia sepium (Jacq. Kunth ex Walp., Fabaceae, Neurolaena lobata (L. Cass., Asteraceae, Petiveria alliacea L., Phytolaccaceae, and Ocimum campechianum Mill., Lamiaceae. The five others: Curatella americana L., Dilleniaceae, Prunus barbata Koehne, Rosaceae, Quercus crispifolia Trel., Fagaceae, Rhizophora mangle L., Rhizophoraceae, and Smilax domingensis Willd., Smilacaceae, do not. All plants without anti-Artemia activity had no lethal effects in both assays with A. salina. For the plants with anti-Artemia activity the Artoxkit M was not sensitive to G. sepium and the conventional Artemia test was not sensitive to S. americanum, G. sepium and N. lobata. All the plant extracts, except for that of C. americana, had lethal effects on T. platyurus and the lethal median concentration (LC50 levels for this organism were in all cases substantially lower than those of the salt-water test species. This study revealed that T. platyurus is a promising test species worth further in depth investigation for toxicity screening of plant extracts with potential medicinal properties.Três bioensaios de letalidade com o crustáceo de água salgada Artemia salina Leach, Artemiidae, (teste convencional em microplaca de 96 poós Artoxkit microbiotest M e o crustáceo de água doce Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard, Thamnocephalidae (Thamnotoxkit microbiotest F, foram comparados utilizando extratos de dez espécies de plantas da Guatemala. Foi previamente observado que cinco delas possuem atividade anti

Depositional environment, sand provenance, and diagenesis of the Basal Salina Formation (lower Eocene), northwestern Peru

Science.gov (United States)

Marsaglia, K. M.; Carozzi, A. V.

The Basal Salina Formation is a lower Eocene transgressive sequence consisting of interbedded shales, siltstones, and conglomeratic sandstones. This formation occurs in the Talara basin of northwestern Peru and is one of a series of complexly faulted hydrocarbon-producing formations within this extensional forearc basin. These sediments were probably deposited in a fan-delta complex that developed along the ancestral Amotape Mountains during the early Eocene. Most of the sediment was derived from the low-grade metamorphic and plutonic rocks that comprise the Amotape Mountains, and their sedimentary cover. Detrital modes of these sandstones reflect the complex tectonic history of the area, rather than the overall forearc setting. Unlike most forearc sediments, these are highly quartzose, with only minor percentages of volcanic detritus. This sand is variably indurated and cemented by chlorite, quartz, calcite, and kaolinite. Clay-mineral matrix assemblages show gradational changes with depth, from primarily detrital kaolinite to diagenetic chlorite and mixed-layered illite/smectite. Basal Salina sandstones exhibit a paragenetic sequence that may be tied to early meteoric influx or late-stage influx of thermally driven brines associated with hydrocarbon migration. Much of the porosity is secondary, resulting from a first-stage dissolution of silicic constituents (volcanic lithic fragments, feldspar, and fibrous quartz) and a later dissolution of surrounding carbonate cement. Types of pores include skeletal grains, grain molds, elongate pores, and fracture porosity. Measured porosity values range up to 24% and coarser samples tend to be more porous. Permeability is enhanced by fractures and deterred by clay-mineral cements and alteration residues.

Bioatividade de três espécies vegetais nativas da Floresta Atlântica brasileira frente ao microcrustáceo Artemia salina

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W.M Pompilho

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo a investigação fitoquímica e propriedades antioxidantes de extratos das folhas de Trigynaea oblongifolia Schltdl (Annonaceae, Ottonia frutescens Trel (Piperaceae, e Bathysa australis (St Hill Hooz (Rubiaceae, bem como avaliar, in vitro, a letalidade frente ao microcrustáceo Artemia salina Leach. Os extratos foram preparados por maceração em metanol 10% (p/v por sete dias, à temperatura ambiente. A atividade antioxidante dos extratos foi determinada pela metodologia que utiliza o radical estável DPPH. A toxicidade dos extratos foi avaliada frente ao microcrustáceo A. salina. Os extratos de O. frutescens e B. australis apresentaram as seguintes classes de metabólitos secundários: Alcalóides, Antraquinonas, Cumarinas, Polifenóis (Taninos, Saponinas. Nos extratos de T. oblongifolia, além dos metabólitos citados anteriormente, foi detectada a presença de Flavonóides. A atividade antioxidante, observada em 30 minutos na concentração de 24 µg/mL de extrato, foi de: O. frutescens - 38,3%, T. oblongifolia - 32,3%, e B. australis - 32,1%. A Concentração Letal, CL50, dos extratos em A. salina foi de: O. frutescens - 149,75 ± 1,02 µg/mL, T. oblongifolia - 148,8 ± 1,74 µg/mL, e B. australis - 684 ± 9,04 µg/mL. Neste contexto, destacamos as espécies, nativas da Floresta Atlântica, O. frutescens e T. oblongifolia de grande potencial na bioprospecção de moléculas biologicamente ativas.

Comparison of bioassays using the anostracan crustaceans Artemia salina and Thamnocephalus platyurus for plant extract toxicity screening

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Pablo Mayorga

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Three lethality bioassays, using the salt-water crustacean Artemia salina Leach, Artemiidae, (conventional 96 microwell plate test and the Artoxkit M microbiotest and the freshwater crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard, Thamnocephalidae, (Thamnotoxkit F microbiotest, were compared using extracts of ten Guatemalan plant species. It was previously observed that five of them have anti-Artemia activity. These were: Solanum americanum Mill., Solanaceae, Gliricidia sepium (Jacq. Kunth ex Walp., Fabaceae, Neurolaena lobata (L. Cass., Asteraceae, Petiveria alliacea L., Phytolaccaceae, and Ocimum campechianum Mill., Lamiaceae. The five others: Curatella americana L., Dilleniaceae, Prunus barbata Koehne, Rosaceae, Quercus crispifolia Trel., Fagaceae, Rhizophora mangle L., Rhizophoraceae, and Smilax domingensis Willd., Smilacaceae, do not. All plants without anti-Artemia activity had no lethal effects in both assays with A. salina. For the plants with anti-Artemia activity the Artoxkit M was not sensitive to G. sepium and the conventional Artemia test was not sensitive to S. americanum, G. sepium and N. lobata. All the plant extracts, except for that of C. americana, had lethal effects on T. platyurus and the lethal median concentration (LC50 levels for this organism were in all cases substantially lower than those of the salt-water test species. This study revealed that T. platyurus is a promising test species worth further in depth investigation for toxicity screening of plant extracts with potential medicinal properties.

Avaliação da bioatividade dos extratos de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae em Artemia salina e Biomphalaria glabrata

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Carlos R. M. da Silva Filho

Full Text Available A cúrcuma é o rizoma limpo, em boas condições, seco e moído da Curcuma longa L., uma planta herbácea da família Zingiberaceae. Visando novas alternativas para o controle da esquistossomose, os extratos de Curcuma longa L. foram testados para a avaliação da atividade moluscicida contra caramujos adultos da espécie Biomphalaria glabrata, e toxicidade (ensaio de letalidade com Artemia salina. A oleoresina e o óleo essencial de cúrcuma foram ativos contra Artemia salina (CL50 = 80,43 e CL50 = 319,82 μg/mL, respectivamente e também ativos contra os indivíduos adultos de Biomphalaria glabrata (CL50 = 58,3 e CL50 = 46,73 μg/mL, respectivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos pôde ser concluído que ambos os extratos podem constituir uma alternativa no controle da população desses caramujos e na redução da esquistossomose.

¿Indígenas o campesinos , pueblos de la selva o de la montaña? Viejos debates, nuevas perspectivas

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Christian Gros

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo interroga en qué medida la creación de una etnicidad genérica, producida por las movilizaciones indígenas durante las tres últimas décadas, permite superar la ruptura tradicional que existe entre pueblos indígenas de las tierras bajas y las comunidades indígenas campesinas de los Andes.

Reproducción identitaria y social en las redes translocales de migrantes de dos pueblos andinos

OpenAIRE

Malengreau, Jacques

2012-01-01

Se analizan de manera comparativa —según su destino y según su origen— las estrategias adoptadas por los migrantes de dos comunidades andinas de distintas regiones del Perú en su manejo de recursos sociales, culturales y materiales de su entorno extendido en el cuadro de su experiencia translocal. Estas estrategias están fundadas en una forma paralela. Por una parte, sobre una extensión de los lazos domésticos del pueblo originario, sobre todo a través de una continuidad transgeneracional bas...

Programa pueblos mágicos y desarrollo local: actores, dimensiones y perspectivas en El Oro, México

OpenAIRE

Carlos Alberto Pérez-Ramírez

2016-01-01

Este trabajo realiza un análisis de la imple- mentación del programa pueblos mágicos en El Oro, Estado de México, con la finalidad de conocer los alcances y limitaciones para el desarrollo local. La propuesta metodológica se fundamenta en los planteamientos de Arocena (2002), que delinea las bases para el estudio del desarrollo local con base en las variables: modo de desarrollo, sistema de actores e identidad local. Se concluye que es preciso posi...

Abelhas (Hymenoptera: apoidea visitantes das flores de goiaba em pomar comercial in Salinas, MG Bee diversity in a commercial guava orchard in Salinas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

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Rosemeire Alves Guimarães

2009-01-01

Full Text Available As abelhas são responsáveis por cerca de 80% a 100% da polinização de culturas agrícolas, especialmente aquelas relacionadas com a produção de sementes e frutos. A investigação da diversidade de abelhas em pomares de goiaba pode ser subsídio para estratégias de incremento da produtividade. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a diversidade de abelhas visitantes das flores de goiaba (Psidium guajava, em pomar comercial em Salinas (MG. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em maio de 2005 e foram coletadas as abelhas visitantes das flores nos horários entre 6h e 18h, totalizando-se 44 horas de coleta. Coletaram-se 705 abelhas de 17 espécies, sendo Trigona spinipes a mais freqüente e dominante na cultura da goiaba. Apis mellifera, Melipona quadrifasciata e Tetragonisca angustula foram consideradas acessórias. Aproximadamente 84% dos indivíduos foram coletados da manhã, de 6h às 10h.Pollination is an important factor in agricultural systems, especially in growing fruits and seed production, which depend greatly on bee visiting during blossom season; highly successful gains within these activities varies between 80 and nearly 100 per cent, owing to the bees. The assessment of bee diversity in commercial orchards of guava may contribute to a more desirable strategic design and consequent improvement of production. The aim of the study was identify the diversity of visiting bees to guava flowers (Psidium guajava in a commercial orchard in Salinas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The work was carried during blossom season of May - 2005. Field works occurred between 6:00 am to 6:00 pm, counting with 44 hours of collection, when 705 bees were collected. The richness observed was of 17 species, the most frequent and dominant being Trigona spinipes. Among the collection there were some considered accessory species: Apis mellifera, Melipona quadrifasciata and Tetragonisca angustula. Most of individual bees have been captured

The efficiency of a new hydrodynamic cavitation pilot system on Artemia salina cysts and natural population of copepods and bacteria under controlled mesocosm conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Cvetković, Martina; Grego, Mateja; Turk, Valentina

2016-04-15

A study of the efficiency of hydrodynamic cavitation and separation was carried out to evaluate an innovative, environmentally safe and acceptable system for ballast water treatment for reducing the risk of introducing non-native species worldwide. Mesocosm experiments were performed to assess the morphological changes and viability of zooplankton (copepods), Artemia salina cysts, and the growth potential of marine bacteria after the hydrodynamic cavitation treatment with a different number of cycles. Our preliminary results confirmed the significant efficiency of the treatment since more than 98% of the copepods and A. salina cysts were damaged, in comparison with the initial population. The efficiency increased with the number of the hydrodynamic cavitation cycles, or in combination with a separation technique for cysts. There was also a significant decrease in bacterial abundance and growth rate, compared to the initial number and growth potential. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Los Cuícatl de Acomiztli Netzahualcóyotl: entre el ritual y la estética del pueblo Nahual

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Carlos Daniel Ortiz Caraballo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo muestra el aspecto literario de uno de las culturas más desarrolladas del México antiguo: el pueblo azteca - náhuatl. Para este caso, se consideran los Cuícatl de Acomiztli (1402-1469. Su objetivo es develar los temas que sustentan la lírica de este príncipe de la cultura azteca - náhuatl. Para ello, se ha considerado una interpretación de los escritos desde la antropología literaria, que entiende el texto como fragmento de una cultura, por lo que el centro del análisis lo constituye el sujeto creador y su interacción con el entorno. De esa forma, se parte de conceptos, tales como: cultura náhuatl, cuícatl y visión de mundo religiosa, entre otros. Con ello, se busca exteriorizar, tanto el mensaje de libertad y esperanza que plasmó el cuicapicqui (forjador de cantos prehispánico en sus Cuícatl, como la contribución del pueblo azteca náhuatl a las letras latinoamericanas.

Historia de ideas e historia de lenguajes políticas: acerca del debate en torno a los usos de los términos "pueblo" y "pueblos" History of ideas and history of political languages: on the discussion about the "pueblo" and "pueblos" concepts

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Elías J. Palti

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Los últimos veinte años han sido testigos de una transformación crucial en nuestros modos de concebir el proceso que llevaría a la quiebra del vínculo colonial con España. La visión dicotómica clásica que oponía el liberalismo latinoamericano al proverbial tradicionalismo y despotismo peninsular se habría tornado ya insostenible. Según han demostrado autores como François-Xavier Guerra, la crisis que conduciría a la independencia se trató de un proceso único, que comprendía de conjunto al Imperio, y que tenía, precisamente, su centro en la península, que será la más directamente afectada por la acefalía que entonces se produjo. Tal perspectiva nos abrirá una visión mucho más rica y compleja del proceso revolucionario hispanoamericano. Sin embargo, la quiebra de la oposición clásica liberalismo latinoamericano - tradicionalismo hispano se terminará resolviendo en una dicotomía inversa que opondrá ahora el liberalismo hispano al tradicionalismo latinoamericano. La persistencia de patrones sociales organicistas heredados de la Colonia, que harían de los "pueblos" (en plural, una vez caído el régimen monárquico, el depositario natural de la soberanía, impedirían aquí la emergencia de un concepto "moderno" de la nacionalidad como una entidad abstracta, homogénea y unificada. Como se intenta demostrar en el presente ensayo, esta visión deber ía, a su vez, revisarse a fin de desplegar las potencialidades implícitas para la escritura histórica en la profunda renovación teórico-metodológica que estos mismos autores produjeron en el campo.The last twenty years witnessed a radical transformation in our ways of conceiving of the process leading to the break of the colonial tie with Spain. Classical dichotomous perspectives that opposed Latin American liberalism to Spanish despotism have proven untenable. As many authors, following François-Xavier Guerra, have showed, the crisis that resulted in independence was

Literatos sin pueblo: la aparición de los "intelectuales" en España

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Santos JULIÁ

2010-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Analizar el origen, la presencia pública, las características y la representatividad social de los intelectuales en España es el objeto de este artículo. Desde la primera "intelligentsia" liberal y sus luchas contra el absolutismo, colocándose a la cabeza de las transformaciones políticas y sociales y contribuyendo de manera notable a la creación del mitologema populista de redención nacional, los intelectuales han mantenido una especial relación con "el pueblo" que iría cambiando con el paso del tiempo. Estudiar esa relación en el contexto del final de siglo y la irrupción de una nueva sociedad de masas, así como las consecuencias que arrastró para la posición asumida por el intelectual en la sociedad y frente a la política, constituye el núcleo de este trabajo. Palabras Clave: intelectuales, pueblo, sociedad de masas, liberalismo, crítica política. ABSTRACT: The object of this article is to analyze the origin, public presence, characteristics, and social significance of intellectuals in Spain. From the first liberal "intelligentsia" and their struggle against absolutism, when they placed themselves at the head of political and social transformations and contributed notably to the creation of the populist mythologem of national redemption, the intellectuals have maintained a special relationship with "the people" that would change over time. This paper focuses on the study of this relationship in the context of the end of the century and the irruption of a new society of masses as well as the consequences it entailed for the position assumed by the intellectuals in society and with regard to politics. Key words: Intellectuals, People, Society of Masses, Liberalism, Political Criticism.

Aplicación del bioensayo de Artemia salina en el análisis general de plantas medicinales brasileñas

OpenAIRE

Montanher, Ana Beatriz Pimentel; Pizzolatti, Moacir Geraldo; Brighente, Inês Maria Costa

2002-01-01

Extractos de once especies de la flora brasileña fueron estudiados para evaluar la actividad citotóxica por el test de Artemia salina. Las plantas seleccionadas fueron: Baccharis pseudotenuifolia, Baccharis ligustrina, Baccharis platypoda, Baccharis coridifolia, Polygala paniculata, Polygala sabulosa, Croton celtidifolius, Cyathea phalerata, Trichilia catigua, Eugenia uniflora y Schinus molle. Los resultados obtenidos para los extractos crudos de B. pseudotenuifolia, B. ligustrina, B. c...

Proyecto de factibilidad para la creación de una caja solidaria para las nacionalidades y pueblos de mujeres que laboran en el Mercado Mayorista en el sur del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito.

OpenAIRE

Flores Lara, Edgar Andrés

2012-01-01

La caja solidaria para las Nacionalidades y Pueblos de Mujeres QALLARIY PURIY será una entidad de Ahorro y Crédito Popular dirigida a las mujeres que laboran en el Mercado Mayorista al Sur del distrito Metropolitano de Quito, que realizan una actividad económica-productiva y se encuentran en situaciones de extrema marginalidad. El presente estudio de Factibilidad para la creación de una Caja Solidaria para las Nacionalidades y Pueblos de Mujeres consta de cinco capítulos en los cuales se p...

Imágenes y sonidos del Wall Mapu. El proyecto de descolonización del universo visual y sonoro del Pueblo Mapuche

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Elisa García Mingo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La historia del vídeo indígena y de las radios indígenas en el Abya Yala (América Latina es una historia de descolonización de la palabra y la imagen. La propuesta de descolonización mediática que han elevado los pueblos indígenas del Abya Yala, basada en la producción de textos verbo-audio-visuales desde su propia cosmovisión y proponiendo nuevos lenguajes visuales, nos permiten (repensar sobre las nuevas (y antiguas formas de ver y las identidades visuales divergentes. A su vez, las radios indígenas han permitido a las comunidades crear un espacio para elevar la voz colectiva y proyectarla en el radioespectro creando paisajes sonoros descolonizados mediante nuevos (y antiguos lenguajes sonoros que se adecuan a una formas de escuchar propias de su cosmovisión y que permiten revisar la matriz epistémica que ha conformado la mirada y el oído occidental, que en muchas ocasiones han constituido una mirada colonial y colonizadora sobre los Pueblos Indígenas. En las dos últimas décadas, el Pueblo Mapuche ha creado proyectos mediáticos que han producido una interferencia en un “mediasfera” (Appadurai, 1995 colonizado que estaba monopolizado por los estados criollos que han construido la memoria de los nuevos estados sobre una identidad no indígena. Este artículo contempla la dimensión política de estos proyectos, ya que la producción audiovisual tiene demostrada capacidad para empoderar a los sujetos subalternizados y permitirles desafiar la violencia de la representación que han experimentado.

Bicarbonate-based cultivation of Dunaliella salina for enhancing carbon utilization efficiency.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Ga-Yeong; Heo, Jina; Kim, Hee-Sik; Han, Jong-In

2017-08-01

In this study, bicarbonate was proposed as an alternative carbon source to overcome exceedingly low CO 2 fixation efficiency of conventional microalgae cultivation system. 5gL -1 of sodium bicarbonate was found to well support the growth of Dunaliella salina, showing 2.84-fold higher specific growth rate than a bicarbonate-free control. This bicarbonate-fed cultivation also could yield biomass productivity similar to that of CO 2 -based system as long as pH was controlled. While the supplied CO 2 , because of its being a gas, was mostly lost and only 3.59% of it was used for biomass synthesis, bicarbonate was effectively incorporated into the biomass with 91.40% of carbon utilization efficiency. This study showed that the bicarbonate-based microalgae cultivation is indeed possible, and can even become a truly environment-friendly and workable approach, provided that a CO 2 mineralization technology is concomitantly established. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preliminary results of the Artemia salina experiments in biostack on LDEF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graul, E.H.; Ruether, W.; Hiendl, C.O.

1992-01-01

The mosaic egg of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, resting in blastula or gastrula state represents a system that during further development, proceeds without any further development to the larval stage, the free swimming nauplius. Therefore, injury to a single cell of the egg will be manifest in the larvae. In several experiments, it was shown that the passage of a single heavy ion through the shrimp egg damaged a cellular area large enough to disturb either embryogenesis or further development of the larvae, or the integrity of the adult individual. Emergence from the egg shell was heavily disturbed by the heavy ions as was hatching. Additional late effects, due to a hit by a heavy ion, are delayed of growth and of sexual maturity, and reduced fertility. Anomalies in the body and the extremities could be observed more frequently for the nauplii which had developed from eggs hit by heavy ions

Arquitectura y vivienda campesina en tres pueblos andinos: Yanque, Lari y Coporaque en el valle del río Colca, Arequipa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1994-01-01

Full Text Available ARCHITECTURE ET HABITAT PAYSAN DANS TROIS VILLAGES DES ANDES: YANQUE, LARI ET COPORAQUE, DANS LA VALLÉE DU RÍO COLCA, AREQUIPA. Cet article est une description des constructions de Yanque, Lari et Coporaque, 3 des 16 villages fondés dans les années 1570 comme 'réductions' ou 'villages d'indiens' dans la vallée du Colca, province de Caylloma, Arequipa et analyse les changements que l'on peut observer dans l'utilisation de l'espace et de l'architecture. Dans la première partie, on décrit l'emplacement et les caractéristiques actuelles des villages dans la seconde partie, on étudie le volume, les matériaux de construction et l'usage donné à la maison paysanne et on compare les avantages et les inconvénients des techniques traditionnelles face aux innovations 'modernes', aussi bien dans le style que dans les matériaux de construction. Jusqu'à présent, l'habitation paysanne dans les villages de la sierra du Pérou a été très peu étudiée. Ce travail représente donc un témoignage historique et anthropologique qui pourrait constituer un outil de grande utilité pour faire une analyse comparative avec des villages d'autres vallées andines. Este artículo ofrece una descripción de la construcción civil en Yanque, Lari y Coporaque, tres de los 16 pueblos fundados en la década de 1570 como 'reducciones toledanas' o 'pueblos de indios' en el valle del río Colca, provincia de Caylloma, Arequipa, y analiza los cambios que se observan en el uso del espacio y la arquitectura. En la primera parte, se describe el emplazamiento y las características actuales de los pueblos en la segunda parte se analiza la volumetría, los materiales de construcción y el uso que se da a la vivienda campesina, comparado ventajas e inconvenientes de la técnica tradicional con las innovaciones 'modernas' tanto en el estilo como en los materiales de construcción. El tema de la vivienda campesina en los pueblos de la sierra peruana ha sido poco estudiado

Cytotoxic activity of carotenoid rich fractions from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina microalgae and the identification of the phytoconstituents using LC-DAD/ESI-MS.

Science.gov (United States)

El-Baz, Farouk K; Hussein, Rehab A; Mahmoud, Khaled; Abdo, Sayeda M

2018-02-01

Microalgae represent a rich source that satisfies the growing need for novel ingredients of nutriceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and food supplements. Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina microalgae are isolated from the Egyptian hydro-flora and are reported for their potent antioxidant activities. The cytotoxic activity of different fractions of both microalgae was investigated on 4 cell lines HePG2, MCF7, HCT116, and A549. The carotenoid rich fraction of H. pluvialis showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cell line and moderate activity against both liver and breast cancer cell lines. On the other hand, the carotenoid rich fraction of D. salina showed mild cytotoxic activity on breast and liver cancer cell lines. The carotenoid rich fraction of H. pluvialis was analysed using LC-DAD/ESI-MS and the major carotenoids were identified either free as well as bounded to fatty acids. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

La sedimentación salina actual en las lagunas de La Mancha: una síntesis.

OpenAIRE

Peña Zarzuelo, Antonio de la; Marfil, R.

1986-01-01

[ES] La Mancha es una región natural de más de 30.000 Km2, caracterizada por una topografía extraordinariamente plana y un clima de tipo semiárido (Cuadro 1, Fig. 2), en la que existen numerosas lagunas salinas (Fig. 1), la mayoría de las cuales, por su régimen anual, pueden ser consideradas como «playa-lakes» (Fig. 3). Desde el punto de vista hidroquimico sus salmueras están integradas por: a) aniones: SO4 y Cl, con CO3 y CO 3H subordinados, y b) cationes: Mg 2+ y ...

Evaluation of the bioactivities of some Myanmar medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) toxicity test

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabai; Khin Khin Win Aung; Nwe Ni Thin; Kyi Shwe; Tin Myint Htwe

2001-01-01

For a variety of toxic substances, brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina) are usually used as a simple bioassay method and it is also applied for natural product research. The brine shrimp larvae (nauplii) are obtained by natural hatching method from Artemia cysts. By using the larvae, the results from these experiments lead to the lethal dose, LD 50 values of extracts of selected medicinal plants. Activities of a broad range of plant extracts are manifested as toxicity to the brine shrimp. Screening results with six plant extracts are compared with pure caffeine. This method is rapid, reliable, inexpensive and convenient. (author)

Garantía de calidad en Educación Virtual No Formal para Pueblos Indígenas

OpenAIRE

Dolz Salvador, Fátima Consuelo

2016-01-01

Este trabajo de investigación presenta un modelo de garantía de calidad en educación Alternativa en modalidad virtual para Pueblos Indígenas del departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. Se plantea el modelo teórico constituido por componentes que emergen de la problemática enunciada, complementado con un análisis comparativo de modelos de calidad en educación virtual y la selección de variables e indicadores. Se da también una descripción del modelo causal explicativo inicial, todo esto utilizando el...

DOCUMENTO: ORGANIZACIÓN Y PARTICIPACIÓN DESDE LAS PERSPECTIVAS DE LOS PUEBLOS AFRODESCENDIENTES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Hernández Cassiani

2002-08-01

Full Text Available En la mente de muchos colombianos prevalece la idea que los afrodescendientes están desorganizados y dispersos, que carecen de capacidad alguna para reivindicar sus derechos como grupo étnico o colectividad marginada históricamente por el Estado colombiano. Contrario a estas creencias, los pueblos afrodescendientes tienen múltiples formas organizativas que hunden sus raíces en las primeras sociedades africanas de las que heredaron una incalculable riqueza cultural que, en el ámbito organizacional, se constituye en medio generador y catalizador de conciencia étnica que en su accionar práctico se orienta a recuperar y fortalecer su identidad, sus territorios ancestrales y su autonomía como grupo al tiempo integrado y diferenciado del resto de la sociedad colombiana.

PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA EN EL MODELO DE SALUD DEL PUEBLO INDÍGENA DE RAMA CAY, BLUEFIELDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Guillermo Mejía López

2012-02-01

Full Text Available La participación comunitaria aplicada al campo de la salud puedeentenderse como los diferentes alcances en los programas, referidos a la planificación, evaluación, control de acciones y servicios de salud hacia la comunidad. Es decir, la comunidad participa en la identificación del problema, en la toma de decisiones, co-gestión y autogestión de programas y servicios de salud.Este estudio tiene como propósito describir los niveles de participación de los comunitarios de Rama Cay en materia de salud pública, de tal forma que se revitalicen los aportes del pueblo indígena Rama a la práctica de la medicina tradicional desde su propia dinámica de vida. Es importante mencionar que el puebloRama es el pueblo menos numeroso en las regiones autónomas de la Costa Caribe nicaragüense..El presente trabajo fue de carácter participativo, en el mismo se estableció un dialogo de saberes entre funcionarios del Ministerio de Salud, hombres y mujeres comunitarios de Rama Cay, médicos tradicionales, líderes de la Junta Comunal y promotores de salud con presencia en la comunidad. Por tanto, para conocer la participación comunitaria en la construcción de un modelo de salud para los Rama se dimensionaron los planos de la salud individual y comunal.En el plano de la salud individual las enfermedades de tipo biológico y físico son una prioridad. La comunidad es consciente de las limitaciones del servicio de salud que ofrece el Centro de Salud y de las alternativas que existen en el campo de la etnomedicina, así mismo, de la coexistencia de dos modelos de atención a la salud que solucionan sus distintos problemas. Por otro lado, en relación a la salud comunitaria la comunidad de manera general asiste al centro de salud en donde los atiende personal del Ministerio de Salud; sin embargo, la comunidad también cuenta con parteras, curanderos, brigadistas, promotores.Los líderes y los comunitarios consideran que el trabajo de la Junta Comunal

Storage conditions affect oxidative stability and nutritional composition of freeze-dried Nannochloropsis salina

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Safafar, Hamed; Langvad, Sten; Møller, Peter

2017-01-01

composition of microalgae biomass. In order to investigate the worsening of the nutritional quality of freeze dried biomass, a multifactorial storage experiment was conducted on a high EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) Nannochloropsis salina biomass. The storage time (0–56 days), storage temperature (5, 20,and 40...... °C and packaging conditions (under vacuum and ambient pressure)used as main factors. During the 56 days of storage, both time and temperature strongly influenced the oxidation reactions which result in deterioration of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and EPA. Lipid deterioration......, or cosmetics requires the knowledge of the optimum storage conditions to prevent the value-added compounds from deterioration. Results of this study improve our understanding of the chemical deterioration under different storage conditions and can help the producers/customers to extend the shelf life...

Spatial scale and the diversity of benthic cyanobacteria and diatoms in a salina

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nübel, U.; Garcia-Pichel, F.; Kühl, Michael

1999-01-01

We characterized the richness of benthic cyanobacteria and diatoms in a salina system using traditional and molecular biological methods. After determining the different morphotypes and 16S rRNA genes present in various localities within this hypersaline system, an analysis of the increase......, and for the estimation of the average degree of dissemination of community members within the system. We found interesting differences between analyses based on morphotypes or 16S rRNA genes. The cumulative number of rRNA gene sequences exceeded that of morphotypes by more than two-fold. This indicates that many...... organisms possessing distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences could not be distinguished on the basis of morphology. Thus, some of the apparently widely distributed morphotypes may in fact conceal several ecologically independent genotypes....

Influence of PbS nanoparticle polymer coating on their aggregation behavior and toxicity to the green algae Dunaliella salina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zamani, Hajar [Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Moradshahi, Ali, E-mail: moradshahi@susc.ac.ir [Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Jahromi, Hamed Dehdashti; Sheikhi, Mohammad Hosein [Nanotechnology Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2014-09-15

Highlights: • Lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS NPs) are toxic to D. salina. • Gum-Arabic coating alters the toxicity of PbS NPs. • Cell-NPs agglomerates and lipid peroxidation could explain the toxicity of PbS NPs. • Shading effect and dissolution do not seem to contribute to the toxicity of PbS NPs. • Particle–particle interaction was reduced by coating; therefore, PbS NPs were stabilized in the culture media. - Abstract: The potential hazards of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment and to living organisms need to be considered for a safe development of nanotechnology. In the present study, the potential toxic effects of uncoated and gum Arabic-coated lead sulfide nanoparticles (GA-coated PbS NPs) on the growth, lipid peroxidation, reducing capacity and total carotenoid content of the hypersaline unicellular green algae Dunaliella salina were investigated. Coatings of PbS NPs with GA, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, reduced the toxicity of PbS NPs. Uncoated PbS NP toxicity to D. salina was attributed to higher algal cell-NP agglomerate formation, higher lipid peroxidation, lower content of total reducing substances and lower total carotenoid content. Low levels of Pb{sup 2+} in the growth culture media indicate that PbS NP dissolution does not occur in the culture. Also, the addition of 100 μM Pb{sup 2+} to the culture media had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on algal growth. The shading of light (shading effect) by PbS NPs, when simulated using activated charcoal, did not contribute to the overall toxic effect of PbS NPs which was evident by insignificant (P > 0.05) reduction in the growth and antioxidant capacity of the algae. When PbS NP aggregation in culture media (without algal cells) was followed for 60 min, uncoated form aggregated rapidly reaching aggregate sizes with hydrodynamic diameter of over 2500 nm within 60 min. Effective particle–particle interaction was reduced in the GA-coated NPs. Aggregates of about

Influence of PbS nanoparticle polymer coating on their aggregation behavior and toxicity to the green algae Dunaliella salina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zamani, Hajar; Moradshahi, Ali; Jahromi, Hamed Dehdashti; Sheikhi, Mohammad Hosein

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS NPs) are toxic to D. salina. • Gum-Arabic coating alters the toxicity of PbS NPs. • Cell-NPs agglomerates and lipid peroxidation could explain the toxicity of PbS NPs. • Shading effect and dissolution do not seem to contribute to the toxicity of PbS NPs. • Particle–particle interaction was reduced by coating; therefore, PbS NPs were stabilized in the culture media. - Abstract: The potential hazards of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment and to living organisms need to be considered for a safe development of nanotechnology. In the present study, the potential toxic effects of uncoated and gum Arabic-coated lead sulfide nanoparticles (GA-coated PbS NPs) on the growth, lipid peroxidation, reducing capacity and total carotenoid content of the hypersaline unicellular green algae Dunaliella salina were investigated. Coatings of PbS NPs with GA, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, reduced the toxicity of PbS NPs. Uncoated PbS NP toxicity to D. salina was attributed to higher algal cell-NP agglomerate formation, higher lipid peroxidation, lower content of total reducing substances and lower total carotenoid content. Low levels of Pb 2+ in the growth culture media indicate that PbS NP dissolution does not occur in the culture. Also, the addition of 100 μM Pb 2+ to the culture media had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on algal growth. The shading of light (shading effect) by PbS NPs, when simulated using activated charcoal, did not contribute to the overall toxic effect of PbS NPs which was evident by insignificant (P > 0.05) reduction in the growth and antioxidant capacity of the algae. When PbS NP aggregation in culture media (without algal cells) was followed for 60 min, uncoated form aggregated rapidly reaching aggregate sizes with hydrodynamic diameter of over 2500 nm within 60 min. Effective particle–particle interaction was reduced in the GA-coated NPs. Aggregates of about 440 nm

Cultural heritage and food identity: The pre-Hispanic salt of Zapotitlán Salinas, Mexico

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Renard, Marie-Christine

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Salt production in Zapotitlán de las Salinas (Puebla, Mexico dates back to pre-Hispanic times when the Popolocas inhabiting the Tehuacán Valley paid it as tribute to the Aztecs. The technique to obtain salt has changed little over the past 500 years and know-how continues to be transmitted from generation to generation of salters (salineros. It is a resource that is deeply anchored in the identity of the inhabitants of Zapotitlán and regional cuisine. Salt has endured over the centuries as a perennial resource and constitutes a source of income for its owners. However, despite these historical and cultural factors of territorial anchorage, salters have not attained the level of organization necessary to obtain a fair value in the market. Failure to appreciate this product has led to the abandonment of a large percentage of the saltworks that once existed. This essay will analyze the socio-economic and cultural constraints that have prevented this community from attaining the level of territorial governance necessary to enhance the market value of Zapotitlán salt on the market but how, with the depletion of other economic options, its people are returning to the salt, with new strategies. Lastly, the paper will conclude with a consideration of its future potential.La producción de sal de Zapotitlán de las Salinas (Puebla, México se remonta a épocas prehispánicas cuando los popolocas, moradores del valle de Tehuacán, lo tributaban a los aztecas. La técnica para la obtención de la sal ha cambiado poco desde hace 500 años y el saber-hacer se sigue transmitiendo entre las generaciones de salineros. Es un recurso profundamente anclado en la identidad de los habitantes de Zapotitlán y en la gastronomía regional. Su existencia ha perdurado en el transcurso de los siglos por ser un recurso perenne y constituir una renta para sus dueños. Sin embargo, a pesar de los factores históricos y culturales de anclaje territorial, los salineros no

Uranium hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance of the Pueblo NTMS quadrangel, Colorado, including concentrations of forty-three additional elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shannon, S.S. Jr.

1978-12-01

This report is a supplement to the HSSR uranium evaluation report for the Pueblo quadrangle (Shannon, 1978), which presented the field and uranium data for the 861 water and 1060 sediment samples collected from 1402 locations in the quadrangle. This supplement presents those data again and the results of subsequent multielement analyses of those HSSR samples. In addition to uranium, the concentrations of 12 elements are presented for the waters and 42 elements for the sediments

Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Etil Asetat Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill. dan Uji Toksisitas Terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina Leach.

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Nurdia Asdar

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Identification of metabolite compound in acetone Extract from Fruits Avocado seed (Percea americana Mill and toxicity test against Artemia salina Leach. Aim of this research is to identify the secondary metabolite compound in aceton extract from fruits Avocado seed (Percea americana Mill and to determine the potential of secondary metabolites from an avocado extract as anticancer. The compound was obtained from Identification process in several stages, namely extraction, fractination, purification and identification. The identification process was color test, TLC, spectroscopy IR. The toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT to Artemia salina Leach. The compound obtained from this research was yellow-white crystalline needle-shaped, the purity test with TLC analysis showed a stain in three eluen system on the stain test on three eluent systems with Rf proportions as follows; 0,15 from chloroform:ethyl acetat (6:4, 0,33 from methanol:chloroform (1:9, 0,75 for acetone:ethyl acetat, and positively to the reagent Wagner and gave brown precipitate for indicate as alcaloid group. This result is supported by spectroscopy from compound.While toxicity tests showed condensed acetone extracts  and pure compounds are toxic with LC50 value of each is 20.61 mg/mL and 39,81 mg/mL.

Caracterización de combustibles leñosos en el ejido Pueblo Nuevo, Durango

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J. Bautista Rentería-Anima

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un inventario de combustibles leñosos en una microcuenca del ejido Pueblo Nuevo, Dgo., para determinar las cargas de combustibles con peligro de propiciar incendios forestales. Se utilizó la técnica de intersecciones planares y en el análisis se consideró la anualidad, tratamientos silvícolas, productividad, pendiente y exposición. Los resultados muestran un incremento en la acumulación de combustible total a partir de la extracción, alcanzando su nivel máximo al tercer año. Las mayores concentraciones de combustibles se presentan en los tratamientos de cortas de regeneración y aclareos, en aquellas áreas con la mayor productividad, en pendiente moderada.

Cupules and the creation of the Tewa Pueblo world

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Samuel Duwe

2016-10-01

Full Text Available [Resesarch Article] Stone cupules remain an enigma to archaeologists due to both their ubiquity in the archaeological record and apparent ‘non-utilitarian’ function. While researchers have primarily focused on the functional aspects of cupules, including their symbolic meaning, the global ethnographic record suggests that the act of creating a cupule can be as important as the resulting cupule itself. Cupules are artefacts of practice and reflect the actions, representation, and negotiations of people who were pounding on boulders and bedrock. I argue that cupule studies should move beyond ahistorical interpretation and acknowledge that the action and intentionality of creating cupules – and the resulting material remains of these practices – are subject to historical change. To illustrate this change I examine the history of the Tewa Pueblos of northern New Mexico who historically pounded cupules on landscape features to communicate with the spiritual world through prayers and offerings. I document both the morphology and landscape context of cupules associated with ancestral Tewa sites to demonstrate that while elements of cupule morphology remain constant, the context (and possibly the meaning of cupule practice changes through time. This suggests that long-lived practices of prayer (creating cupules were reinterpreted in the crucible of dramatic social and residential transformation.

Nivel de conocimiento sobre tuberculosis pulmonar y actitud de los pacientes, centro salud San Juan de Salinas, 2017

OpenAIRE

Atuncar Mendoza, Pamela

2017-01-01

El objetivo del estudios de investigación fue determinar la relación que existe entre el nivel de conocimiento sobretuberculosis pulmonar y la actitud hacia el tratamiento detuberculosis pulmonar de los pacientes dela Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis, Centro de Salud San Juan de Salinas, San Martinde Porres, año 2017. En cuanto a lametodología fue de tipo de investigación aplicada, nivel descriptivo correccional,la población estuvo conformada por 50 p...

La Aventura Histórica de un Pueblo. La Huella de los Riojanos. Ayamonte en el Siglo XIX.

OpenAIRE

Moreno Flores, María Antonia

2017-01-01

El presente estudio se organiza en diferentes apartados, deseando efectuar, para una mejor comprensión, un desglose detallado de cada una de las materias o parcelas en las que se compone.   Así, el primer capítulo dará a conocer el espacio geográfico y social de dos pueblos que la historia quiso sintonizar: por un lado, el riojano, con sus numerosas villas protagonistas de una importante emigración, y por otro, el de Ayamonte, situado en la ...

Evaluation of Culture Conditions to Obtain Fatty Acids from Saline Microalgae Species: Dunaliella salina, Sinecosyfis sp., and Chroomonas sp.

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D. A. Castilla Casadiego

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The use of the saline microalgae, Dunaliella salina, Sinecosyfis sp., and Chroomonas sp., was explored as an alternative source for the production of fatty acids using fertilizer and glycerol as culture media. The nutrient medium used contained “Nutrifoliar,” a commercial fertilizer, and/or glycerol, in natural sea water. The microalgae were placed in cultures with different conditions. The parameters that favored the largest production of fatty acids were 24 hours of agitation and illumination, 1620 L/day of air supply, 2.25 L of air/min, and a temperature of 32°C using “Nutrifoliar” as the culture media. Results indicated that, from 3 g of microalgae in wet base of Chroomonas sp., 54.43 mg of oil was produced. The chromatographic characterization of oil obtained revealed the presence of essential fatty acids such as 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (omega-3 and 4,7,10-hexadecatrienoic acid (omega-6 from the species Dunaliella salina. On the other hand, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (omega-6 and cis-11-eicosenoic acid (omega-9 were identified from the species Chroomonas sp. The temperature variations played an important role in the velocity of growth or the production of the algae biomass, the amount of oil, and the ability to produce fatty acids.

Processing recommendations for using low-solids digestate as nutrient solution for poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate production with Synechocystis salina.

Science.gov (United States)

Meixner, K; Fritz, I; Daffert, C; Markl, K; Fuchs, W; Drosg, B

2016-12-20

Within the last decades, environmental pollution with persistent plastics steadily increased; therefore the production of biodegradable materials like poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is essential. Currently, PHB is produced with heterotrophic bacteria from crops. This leads to competition with food and feed production, which can be avoided by using photoautotrophic cyanobacteria, as Synechocystis salina, synthesizing PHB from CO 2 at nutrient limitation. This study aims to increase the economic efficiency of PHB production with cyanobacteria by using nutrients from anaerobic digestate. First, growth and PHB production of S. salina in digestate fractions (supernatant and permeate, with/without precipitating agents) and dilutions thereof and then the scale-up (photobioreactor, 200 L working volume) were evaluated. With precipitated and centrifuged digestate diluted 1/3 the highest biomass (1.55gL -1 ) and PHB concentrations (95.4mgL -1 ), being 78% of those in mineral media, were achieved. In the photobioreactor-experiments biomass (1.63gL -1 ) and PHB concentrations (88.7mgL -1 ), being 79% and 72% of those in mineral medium, were reached, but in a cultivation time 10days longer than in mineral medium. The possibility to use digestate as sustainable and low cost nutrient solution for microalgae cultivation and photoautotrophic PHB production, instead of applying it on fields or processing it to achieve discharge limits, makes this application a highly valid option. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CYTOTOXICITYTY ACTIVITY IN Artemia salina LEACH, AERIAL PARTS OF Petiveria alliacea L. PHYTOLACCACEAE.

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Darllen Suzanny Barbosa de Oliveira

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Petiveria alliacea L. (young branches and leaves, cytotoxicity evaluation (LC50 of leaves in relation to Artemia salina L. and antimicrobial activity, which were used strains of gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, these submitted to the methanol crude extract (MCE of leaves, at the following concentrations: 25.50 and 100mg/mL. It was possible to identify in the young branches of P. alliacea L. the presence of organic acids, phenols and tannins in the alkaloids leaves, steroids and triterpenoids, saponins, phenols and tannins, where the activities of these metabolites match with some information alleged by the population. The leaves’ Methanol Crude Extract showed LC50=1709.77μg/mL, being nontoxic at the tested concentrations, whereas for plant extract in relation to A.salina are considered nontoxic when LC50>1000μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the Methanol Crude Extract of the leaves showed inhibition only for the bacteria Escherichia coli at 100mg/mL concentration, and this activity may be related to the presence of phenols and tannins in the extract. The obtained results turn the species promising in search of secondary metabolites, but there is the need of further studies to identify its main active ingredients. Palavras-chave: Mucuracaa, Phytochemical Screening, Class of Compounds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v3n3p76-82

Democrazia e partecipazione in America Latina: il contributo del Defensor del pueblo al rispetto dei diritti dei popoli indigeni

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Sabrina Lanni

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The Latin-American constitutional reforms, concerning the recognition of indigenous people’s rights, promote a multicultural state and a participatory concept of democracy, it makes the European constitutional law hallmarks. historically dated. By analyzing those reforms, the need to move from the ‘acknowledgment’ level to the ‘guarantee’ one has been recognized: the Defensor del pueblo, being a strong figure of Latin-American legal tradition, shines out new light in terms of the indigenous peoples rights respect. 

Los pueblos indígenas en el constitucionalismo guatemalteco : grandes ausencias y pequeñas presencias

OpenAIRE

Andrés Antolin, María Rosario

2011-01-01

725 p. Guatemala es el país mesoamericano en el que tiene mayor peso específico la población indígena y esto ha sido así desde que tras la conquista comenzó el fenómeno del mestizaje en la zona, y al mismo tiempo puede afirmarse que dicha población es claramente mayoritaria en el país, llegando a alcanzar, en algunos momentos de la historia, el 75% de la misma. Actualmente, la población autóctona está formada por los pueblos Maya, Garífuna y Xinca, siendo el de los mayas el mayor de dichos...

Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in sediments and organisms from Salina Cruz Port, Oaxaca, Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Botello, A.V.; Villanueva, S.; Diaz, G.; Pica, Y.

1995-01-01

The presence and levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in [sediments and biota from the Port of Salina Cruz, Oaxaca; were evaluated by means of gas capillary chromatography using columns of high resolution. The results show a seasonal variability of the PAH's concentrations in sediments being higher in the port area and lower in oceanic sediments. The increase of the PAH's levels in Crassostrea iridiscens and Penaeus stylirostris is important and related to the bioaccumulation process. The presence of PAH's conformed by 4 y 5 benzene rings in these species must be noted specially because they have carcinogenic properties and their effects on the local fisheries should be considered. (Author)

Un enfoque diferente para la protección de los conocimientos tradicionales de los pueblos indígenas

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Natalia Tobón-Franco

2010-03-01

vale a limitar. Por lo anterior, la autora sostiene que solo tendrá efectividad la propuesta de protec­ción que, luego de recolectar y analizar la información sobre leyes y prácticas con­suetudinarias de estos pueblos, acepte la naturaleza sagrada y no racional de estos conocimientos, reconozca la propiedad colectiva de los descubrimientos, entienda que las invenciones pueden tener carácter intergeneracional (sin perder novedad para su protección, no exija registros y sea ilimitada en el tiempo.

Alteridad latinoamericana y sujeto-pueblo en la obra temprana de Enrique Dussel

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Guillermo Barón del Pópolo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The following article intends an overview on Enrique Dussel’s early work and the examination of the development process of political and philosophical categories such as the ones of “Latin-American identity / otherness”; “Latin-American thought” and political and historical subjects. The corpus covered in this study includes the author’s anthropological-philosophical research on the origins and fundamentals of the western culture (Christianity as they appear in the trilogy: El humanismo semita, El humanismo helénico and El dualismo en la antropología de la Cristiandad; the first development of otherness and analectic and the proposition of a new political subject (pueblo in Método para una filosofía de la liberación and Para una ética de la liberación latinoamericana. A review of the first author’s historiographical experiences is included as well by the study of his book: Hipótesis para una historia de la Iglesia en América Latina.

Arlette Farge, Efusión y tormento. El relato de los cuerpos. Historia del pueblo en el siglo XVIII,  Buenos Aires, Katz editores, 2008, 235 p. Traducción de Julia Brucci

OpenAIRE

Fayó, Ileana

2009-01-01

Arlette Farge reflexionó en La atracción del archivo acerca la transformación epistemológica operada a partir de la revisión crítica del valor del documento y la definición de un método de análisis histórico librado de las sujeciones antropológicas. Efusión y tormento. El relato de los cuerpos. Historia del pueblo en el siglo XVIII materializa aquella problematización del trabajo arqueológico en un análisis de los discursos acerca de los cuerpos del pueblo francés en el siglo XVIII. A esta em...

High surface adsorption properties of carbon-based nanomaterials are responsible for mortality, swimming inhibition, and biochemical responses in Artemia salina larvae.

Science.gov (United States)

Mesarič, Tina; Gambardella, Chiara; Milivojević, Tamara; Faimali, Marco; Drobne, Damjana; Falugi, Carla; Makovec, Darko; Jemec, Anita; Sepčić, Kristina

2015-06-01

We investigated the effects of three different carbon-based nanomaterials on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of carbon black, graphene oxide, and multiwall carbon nanotubes for 48 h, and observed using phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Acute (mortality) and behavioural (swimming speed alteration) responses and cholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzyme activities were evaluated. These nanomaterials were ingested and concentrated in the gut, and attached onto the body surface of the A. salina larvae. This attachment was responsible for concentration-dependent inhibition of larval swimming, and partly for alterations in the enzyme activities, that differed according to the type of tested nanomaterials. No lethal effects were observed up to 0.5mg/mL carbon black and 0.1mg/mL multiwall carbon nanotubes, while graphene oxide showed a threshold whereby it had no effects at 0.6 mg/mL, and more than 90% mortality at 0.7 mg/mL. Risk quotients calculated on the basis of predicted environmental concentrations indicate that carbon black and multiwall carbon nanotubes currently do not pose a serious risk to the marine environment, however if uncontrolled release of nanomaterials continues, this scenario can rapidly change. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Metabolic studies with NMR spectroscopy of the alga Dunaliella salina trapped within agarose beads.

Science.gov (United States)

Bental, M; Pick, U; Avron, M; Degani, H

1990-02-22

A technique for the entrapment of the unicellular algae Dunaliella salina in agarose beads and their perfusion during NMR measurements is presented. The trapped cells maintained their ability to proliferate under normal growth conditions, and remained viable and stable under steady-state conditions for long periods during NMR measurements. Following osmotic shock in the dark, prominent changes were observed in the intracellular level of ATP and polyphosphates, but little to no changes in the intracellular pH or orthoposphate content. When cells were subjected to hyperosmotic shock, the ATP level decreased. The content of NMR-visible polyphosphates decreased as well, presumably due to the production of longer, NMR-invisible structures. Following hypoosmotic shock, the ATP content increased and longer polyphosphates were broken down to shorter, more mobile polymers.

Crescimento, consumo hídrico e composição mineral de alface cultivada em hidroponia com águas salinas

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Dalva Paulus

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o crescimento, o consumo hídrico e a extração de nutrientes, por alface (Lactuca sativa L. em sistema hidropônico NFT (fluxo laminar de nutrientes, com a utilização de águas salinas no preparo da solução nutritiva e reposição da lâmina diária evapotranspirada. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, sendo estudados os efeitos de cinco níveis de salinidade da água, utilizando-se NaCl. O aumento da salinidade da água reduziu, de forma linear, o crescimento e o consumo hídrico da alface. A salinidade reduziu a concentração de macronutrientes na parte aérea, mas não se observaram sintomas de deficiência nutricional. O rendimento (massa de matéria fresca da parte aérea foi reduzido entre 6 e 6,5% por dS m-1, no primeiro e segundo cultivo, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos em sistema de cultivo NFT podem indicar a possibilidade do uso da água salina como alternativa para produção de hortaliças, para produtores que têm disponibilidade restrita de água doce, porém, com redução de produtividade.

Ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus from Jerusalem artichoke grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater.

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, W J; Zhao, X Q; Ge, X M; Bai, F W

2008-12-01

To study fuel ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC8554 from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater. The growth and ethanol fermentation of K. marxianus ATCC8554 were studied using inulin as substrate. The activity of inulinase, which attributes to the hydrolysis of inulin, the main carbohydrate in Jerusalem artichoke, was monitored. The optimum temperatures were 38 degrees C for growth and inulinase production, and 35 degrees C for ethanol fermentation. Aeration was not necessary for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus from inulin. Then, the fresh Jerusalem artichoke tubers grown in salina and irrigated with 25% and 50% seawater were further examined for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus, and a higher ethanol yield was achieved for the Jerusalem artichoke tuber irrigated with 25% seawater. Furthermore, the dry meal of the Jerusalem artichoke tubers irrigated with 25% seawater was examined for ethanol fermentation at three solid concentrations of 200, 225 and 250 g l(-1), and the highest ethanol yield of 0.467, or 91.5% of the theoretical value of 0.511, was achieved for the slurry with a solid concentration of 200 g l(-1). Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke can be used for fuel ethanol production. Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke, not competing with grain crops for arable land, is a sustainable feedstock for fuel ethanol production.

Estudo de processos de produção de etanol anidro através da destilação extrativa salina com recuperação do agente de separação

OpenAIRE

Eliana Luci Ligero

1999-01-01

Resumo: : Uma técnica amplamente utilizada na produção de etanol é a destilação azeotrópica benzeno, cuja propriedade cancerígena é bastante conhecida. Um processo alternativo, ecologicamente viável, é a destilação extrativa salina. O emprego de um sal solúvel na desidratação do etanol possibilita uma redução no consumo energético, além de produzir um etanol livre do agente de separação. Uma etapa importante na produção de etanol anidro através da destilação extrativa salina é a recuperação d...

Avaliação da atividade tóxica em Artemia salina e Biomphalaria glabrata de extratos de quatro espécies do gênero Eleocharis (Cyperaceae

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A.L.T.G. Ruiz

Full Text Available O gênero Eleocharis R. Br. compreende cerca de 200 espécies, ocorrendo em ambientes úmidos tais como brejos e margens de rios e lagos. Procurando novos agentes moluscicidas, os extratos de Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb. Schult., Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl Roem. & Schult., Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl Roem. & Schult. e Eleocharis sellowiana Kunth foram testados para atividade moluscicida, contra caramujos adultos e desovas, e toxicidade (ensaio de letalidade com Artemia salina. O extrato hexânico de Eleocharis acutangula (parte subterrânea fresca foi ativo contra Artemia salina (CL50 = 476,00 mg/mL, enquanto os demais extratos apresentaram CL50 >> 10³ mg/mL, sugerindo baixa toxicidade. O extrato hidro-etanólico de Eleocharis sellowiana (parte subterrânea fresca foi ativo contra desovas de Biomphalaria glabrata (CL50 = 24,27 mg/mL mas inativo contra indivíduos adultos. Os demais extratos testados não apresentaram atividade moluscicida.

Temperature-dose relationships with aflatoxin M1 in milk on the brine shrimp (Artemia salina larvae

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Lejla Duraković

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Temperature-dose relationships with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 were studied using the brine shrimp Artemia salina larvae as an biological indicator in the temperature range from 20 °C to 40 °C. Increase in the incubation temperature resulted in sensitivity increase by the brine shrimp to AFM1. Optimum sensitivity occured at 30 °C. Positive results were obtained at 0.18 μg AFM1 x L-1 of whole pasteurized milk with a mortality of over 15%. Greater than 90 % mortality occurred at dose levels of 0.9 μg AFM1 x L-1 and above. The test can be conducted during 30-60 hours.

Pomada orgânica natural ou solução salina isotônica no tratamento de feridas limpas induzidas em ratos

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Rahal Sheila Canevese

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar, machos, com peso inicial médio de 225 gramas, separados em dois grupos. Após serem anestesiados com éter, foi induzida uma ferida limpa na região torácica dorsal cranial, mediante a utilização de molde metálico de 2,0 x 1,5cm. No grupo I, foi utilizada pomada contendo óleo de fígado de bacalhau, extrato de confrei, extrato cítrico, óxido de zinco e veículo (Creamex®; no grupo II, a ferida foi apenas limpa com solução salina isotônica. Para a avaliação histológica, foram submetidos à eutanásia cinco animais de cada grupo no 3º, 7º, 14º e 21º dia de pós-operatório. O grupo tratado com a pomada orgânica apresentou padrão cicatricial de qualidade superior em relação ao grupo tratado com salina isotônica, representado por formação de fibras colágenas, neoformação de vasos e reepitelização completa da epiderme.

Remedial action at the Acid/Pueblo Canyon site, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1984-10-01

The Acid/Pueblo Canyon site (TA-45) was designated in 1976 for remedial action under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). During the period 1943 to 1964 untreated and treated liquid wastes generated by nuclear weapons research activities at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) were discharged into the two canyons. A survey of the site conducted by LASL in 1976 to 1977 identified two areas where radiological contamination exceeded criteria levels. The selected remedial action was based on extensive radiological characterization and comprehensive engineering assessments and comprised the excavation and disposal of 390 yd 3 of contaminated soil and rock. This document describes the background to the remedial action, the parties involved in administering and executing it, the chronology of the work, verification of the adequacy of the remedial action, and the cost incurred. 14 references, 5 figures, 5 tables

Ampliando el canon investigador sobre la participación política de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina

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Manuel Ignacio Martínez

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Expanding the research agenda about the political participation of the indigenous peoples in Latin AmericaThe article proposes to expand the research on the participation of indigenous peoples in Latin America in order to broaden the focus that has traditionally centred on social movements and the electoral scope to one that also examines the adoption of decisions and the management of public matters. The arguments are presented through an analysis of the legacy of the indigenous movements of the 1990s in Latin America, the current political context in Latin America and the actual state of the rights of indigenous peoples. It is argued that this vein of proposed research is useful in constructing a roadmap to guide the implementation of indigenous peoples’ rights that, in the case of participation, include the right to consultation, free and informed prior consent and participation in the complete cycle of public politics.El artículo propone extender las investigaciones sobre la participación de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina para ampliar el enfoque tradicional centrado en movimientos sociales y el ámbito electoral a uno que examine también la adopción de decisiones en la gestión de los asuntos públicos. Los argumentos se exponen mediante un análisis del legado de las movilizaciones indígenas de la década de 1990 en América Latina, el contexto político latinoamericano actual y la situación de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Se plantea que la veta de investigación propuesta es conveniente de abordar enmarcándola en una gramática de implementación de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas que, en el caso de la dimensión participativa, incluye los derechos a la consulta, el consentimiento libre, previo e informado y la participación en el ciclo completo de las políticas públicas.

La Clínica del Pueblo: a model of collaboration between a private media broadcasting corporation and an academic medical center for health education for North Carolina Latinos.

Science.gov (United States)

Calles-Escandón, Jorge; Hunter, Jaimie C; Langdon, Sarah E; Gómez, Eva M; Duren-Winfield, Vanessa T; Woods, Kristy F

2009-12-01

La Clínica del Pueblo, a health education collaboration between the Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity at Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Qué Pasa Media, Inc., disseminates culturally appropriate health information to the North Carolina (NC) Latino community. The program includes a weekly radio show and corresponding newspaper column addressing four areas: childhood health, adult health, safety, and utilization. The radio show format includes a didactic presentation followed by a call-in question and answer period. Over 200 consecutive weeks of programming have been completed, averaging 11 calls per show. A Latino healthcare resource guide and hotline also provide resource information. Participant demographic information indicates that 50% of the target population comes from Mexico, 60% are women, and 70% of the community is younger than 38 years. There was an increase in the use of the media as a source of health information over the course of the project, from an initial 33% of respondents to 58% in the last survey. Listenership to La Clínica del Pueblo displayed a pronounced increase (18% initial survey to 55% in last survey, P education level (P < 0.0001), female gender (P < 0.01) and radio listenership (P < 0.05). The first three variables predicted higher scores; however, radio listening recognition of our radio program was more common among individuals who had lower scores. In conclusion, La Clínica del Pueblo is a model for a novel approach that can reach the Latino community to improve medical knowledge and possibly affect health behaviors in a positive manner.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK SPONS Ianthella basta TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina L.

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Ni Wayan Sri Sukmarianti

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of this research is to determine the toxicity of extracts sponge Ianthella basta against Artemia salina larvae and to identify the chemical compounds contained in those toxic isolates. The preliminary test of the anticancer activity has conducted by Brine Shrimp Letalithy (BST test. The results showed that the chloroform extract was the most toxic with LC50 value of 22,39 ppm. Futher, the cloroform extract was separated and purified by coloumn chromatography using eluent of solvent mixture of chloroform : ethyl acetate : n-hexane by 7 : 2 : 1 and 4 fractions were obtained. The most toxic fraction was the fraction C with LC50 value of 35,36 ppm. Based on the GC-MS results, the toxic isolate is allegedly containing chemicals compound of hexadecanoic methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid.

Effect of salinity on metal mobility in Sečovlje salina sediment (northern Adriatic, Slovenia)

Science.gov (United States)

Kovač, N.; Ramšak, T.; Glavaš, N.; Dolenec, M.; Rogan Šmuc, N.

2016-12-01

Saline sediment (saline healing mud or "fango") from the Sečovlje Salina (northern Adriatic, Slovenia) is traditionally used in the coastal health resorts as a virgin material for medical treatment, wellness and relax purposes. Therapeutic qualities of the healing mud depend on its mineralogical composition and physical, mineralogical, geochemical and biological properties. Their microbial and potentially toxic elements contamination are the most important features affecting user safety. However, the degree of metal toxicity (and its regulation) for natural healing mud is still under discussion. Therefore, the influence of the overlying water salinity on the mobility of heavy metals (and some other geochemical characteristic) was studied for saline sediments of the Sečovlje Salina. Experiments takes place in tanks under defined conditions i.e. at day (21 °C): night (16 °C) cycle for three months. Sediment was covered with water of different salinities (36, 155, 323 g NaCl L-1 and distillate water) and mixed/stirred every week during the experimental period. At the same time, the evaporated water was replaced with distilled water. The mud samples were analyzed, at the beginning and at the end of experiment, for mineral (XRD), elemental composition (ICP-MS) and organic content (% TOC, % TN). Geochemical analysis of the aqueous phase (content of cations and anions) have also been carried out in an accredited Canadian laboratory Actlabs (Activation Laboratories, Canada). Salinity and maturation of sediment does not significantly affect its mineral composition. The samples taken at the end of the experiment have higher percent of water but lower organic carbon concentration. Concentrations of investigated elements are comparable to that in surface sediments from Central Adriatic Sea. In the water phase, concentrations of most elements (As, Ba, Cu, Mo, Mn, Ni, Sr, Sb) rise from the beginning to the end of the experiment, whereas the metal (potentially toxic elements

Democracia formal y derechos indígenas. Una aproximación a la relación actual entre el estado chileno y el pueblo mapuche

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Tito Tricot

2009-12-01

Full Text Available No es posible entender la relación entre el pueblo mapuche, el Estado chileno y la democracia, sin entender el tipo de vínculo histórico que se ha verificado entre el Estado y el mapuche a partir de la génesis de Chile como país. Por lo mismo, el objetivo general del presente trabajo es explorar el tipo de vínculo que existe entre el Estado de Chile y el pueblo mapuche y, el objetivo específico, analizar la situación de los derechos indígenas en el marco del sistema democrático formal actualmente vigente en nuestro país. Para lograr dichos objetivos realizaremos una breve contextualización histórica de la relación Estado-Pueblo mapuche; se analizará el modelo económico, principalmente en lo concerniente a la inversión forestal y la ejecución de megaproyectos en territorio mapuche; la Ley indígena en general y el concepto de pueblo indígena en particular; el denominado conflicto mapuche y la Ley anti-terrorista. Todo ellos, esperamos, servirán de elementos de juicio y antecedentes importantes para aproximarnos al problema de la relación entre la democracia formal y los derechos indígenas._______________________ABSTRACT:It is not possible to understand the relation between the Mapuche Nation, the Chilean State and the democracy, without understanding the type of historical bond that has occurred between the State and the Mapuche nation from the onset of Chile as a Country. For the same reason, the general purpose of the present work is to explore the type of connections existing between the State of Chile and the Mapuche Nation and the specific aim is to analyze the situation of the indigenous rights in the democratic system context that is actually in force in our country. In order to obtain these aims we will make a brief historical contextualización of the relation State-Mapuche Nation; the economic model will be analyzed, mainly as for the forest investment and the implementation of superproyects in the Mapuche land

Obtención de glicerol a partir de la Microalga Dunaliella Salina

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Lisethy Hernández Nazario

2000-08-01

Full Text Available En el campo de la tecnología farmacéutica, el glicerol es un disolvente ampliamente utilizado en virtud de sus propiedades físico-químicas en la formulación de diferentes formas farmacéuticas. Se investigaron las posibilidades de obtención de glicerol como un subproducto del proceso de extracción de ß-carotenos a partir de cultivos de Dunaliella salina, desarrollados bajo régimen autotrófico en el Centro de Investigaciones de Energía Solar. El flujo tecnológico propuesto comprende el tratamiento de la biomasa con hidróxido de calcio, la filtración del producto resultante, la extracción del ß-carotenos con un solvente insoluble en agua y, por último, la separación del glicerol neutralizando convenientemente del filtrado con ácido. El rendimiento de glicerol fue del 4-5 %, valor susceptible de ser incrementado mediante la inducción metabólica de los cultivos.

Escuela pública digital en pueblos originarios. La propuesta de la Universidad de la Punta para las comunidades Ranquel y Huarpe de la provincia de San Luis. Argentina

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Silvia Baldivieso

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo describe y analiza la propuesta de formación escolar que ofrece, actualmente, la Universidad de La Punta a comunidades originarias de la Provincia de San Luis, Argentina, en el marco del proyecto de Escuelas Públicas Digitales.La propuesta gubernamental de desarrollar acciones educativas orientadas al logro de una “Educación de Calidad para Todos”, articulada al trabajo, también gubernamental, de rescate de la memoria y la cultura de los pueblos pre existentes en el territorio de San Luis, ha dado lugar al desarrollo de un modelo de organización y gestión educativa y curricular particular, de enseñanza personalizada y aprendizaje autorregulado basado en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Dicha organización, destinada a las comunidades originarias, abre sus puertas a otros habitantes del pueblo sanluiseño y atiende necesidades educativas de niños, jóvenes y adultos.

Reposição de volume na sepse com solução salina hipertônica Sepsis volume reposition with hypertonic saline solution

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Gilberto Friedman

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Esta revisão discute os efeitos hemodinâmicos e imunomoduladores da solução hipertônica em choque experimental e em pacientes com sepse. Comentamos sobre os mecanismos de ação da solução hipertônica, recorrendo a dados sobre choque hemorrágico e séptico. Atuações específicas da solução salina hipertônica aplicáveis a sepse grave e choque séptico são enfatizadas. Os dados disponíveis corroboram os benefícios em potencial da infusão de solução salina hipertônica em vários aspetos da fisiopatologia da sepse, inclusive hipoperfusão dos tecidos, consumo reduzido de oxigênio, disfunção endotelial, depressão miocárdica e presença de um amplo elenco de citocinas próinflamatórias e várias espécies de oxidantes. Uma terapia que, ao mesmo tempo, bloqueie os componentes prejudiciais da sepse terá um impacto no seu tratamento. Estudos prospectivos adequadamente desenhados poderão no futuro comprovar o papel benéfico da solução salina hipertônica.The present review discusses the hemodynamic and immune-modulatory effects of hypertonic saline in experimental shock and in patients with sepsis. We comment on the mechanisms of action of hypertonic saline, calling upon data in hemorrhagic and septic shock. Specific actions of hypertonic saline applicable to severe sepsis and septic shock are highlighted. Data available support potential benefits of hypertonic saline infusion in various aspects of the pathophysiology of sepsis, including tissue hypoperfusion, decreased oxygen consumption, endothelial dysfunction, cardiac depression, and the presence of a broad array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and various oxidant species. A therapy that simultaneously blocks the damaging components of sepsis will have an impact on the management of sepsis. Proper designed prospective studies may prove a beneficial role for hypertonic saline solution in the future.

IL MUSEO SALINAS, PARADOSSO DEL WEB MARKETING CULTURALE La comunicazione archeologica ai tempi dei social media, a museo chiuso

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Elisa Bonacini

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to offer the case study of the archaeological museum Antonino Salinas in Palermo, that - closed for many years for the restoration of the architectural complex that houses it, the seventeenth-century Olivella’ s House of the Philippine Fathers - has invented new strategies of the archaeological communication on the social media. After two years, waiting for its reopening, the museum has been able to create a real brand and to renovate the museum’s reputation. The solutions adopted by the Museum could “inspire” other institutions to adopt those web marketing cultural strategies.

Selvas yermas. Los pueblos de indios desaparecidos en la costa sur de la Nueva Galicia durante el periodo colonial

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Mejía, Ramón Goyas

2017-01-01

Resumen El presente análisis se centra en la desaparición de los pueblos de indios en la alcaldía mayor de la Purificación perteneciente a la Nueva Galicia durante el virreinato. Para la realización de este trabajo se abordó primero la caracterización físico natural de la región, para posteriormente hacer relevante la relación histórica hombre-naturaleza desde la época precolombina, ello con la finalidad de destacar la importancia de la pérdida de población durante el periodo colonial, como t...

Selvas yermas. Los pueblos de indios desaparecidos en la costa sur de la Nueva Galicia durante el periodo colonial

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Ramón Goyas Mejía

2017-01-01

El presente análisis se centra en la desaparición de los pueblos de indios en la alcaldía mayor de la Purificación perteneciente a la Nueva Galicia durante el virreinato. Para la realización de este trabajo se abordó primero la caracterización físico natural de la región, para posteriormente hacer relevante la relación histórica hombre-naturaleza desde la época precolombina, ello con la finalidad de destacar la importancia de la pérdida de población durante el periodo colonial, como tema cent...

Sistematización de experiencias: reconstrucción de la memoria histórica del Frente Nacional de Pueblos Indígenas (FRENAPI, dilucidando las experiencias de contraste y las acciones contenciosas en procura de construcción de Derechos Humanos

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David Quesada García

2017-09-01

Full Text Available El propósito del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre las luchas por los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas costarricenses, a partir de un ejercicio de sistematización de experiencias, que consistió en una reconstrucción del proceso vivido por el Frente Nacional de Pueblos Indígenas desde el 2001 hasta el 2014, a través de la recuperación de parte de su memoria histórica, de su caminar y de su identidad como movimiento. Este acercamiento se hace desde una mirada sociológica, cuyo énfasis es conocer el proceso de producción y los aprendizajes intrínsecos a las luchas por la defensa y la promoción en derechos humanos llevadas a cabo por la plataforma de movimientos indígenas. Entre sus conclusiones se destaca el crecimiento de las acciones llevadas a cabo, por medio de la organización, sensibilización y concientización en derechos humanos de estos pueblos indígenas.

«Yvy marae’y»: the conflict of the State with the indigenous villages in Paraguay «Yvy marae’y»: el conflicto del estado con los pueblos indígenas en Paraguay

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Sarah Patricia CERNA VILLAGRA

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The 1992 Constitution recognizes the existence of people prior to the formation of the Paraguayan State and in that sense it gives them certain rights that protect their territory, identity and culture. This declaration of purpose constitutes a break with the previous model of dominant and exclusionary state policies toward indigenous peoples. However, the rights of indigenous peoples continue without respected, in spite of the space won in terms of social and political organizations, the struggle continues in this constant «search of the land without evil». This paper aims to describe the current situation of indigenous peoples from an analysis of access to public services, economic status, employability, employment discrimination and public policy. It also attempts to explain the factors that have influenced in the lack of consolidation of the indigenous movement in Paraguay.La Constitución Nacional de 1992 reconoce la existencia de pueblos anteriores a la conformación del Estado paraguayo y, en ese sentido, les otorga una serie de derechos que protegen sus territorios, identidad y cultura. Esta declaración de intenciones constituye un quiebre con respecto al modelo anterior de políticas estatales dominantes y excluyentes hacia los pueblos indígenas. No obstante, los derechos de los pueblos indígenas siguen sin respetarse, y a pesar de los espacios ganados en cuanto a organizaciones sociales y políticas, la lucha continúa en esa búsqueda constante de la tierra sin mal. Este trabajo busca describir la situación actual de los pueblos indígenas a partir de un análisis del acceso a los servicios públicos, la situación económica, la empleabilidad, la discriminación laboral y las políticas públicas. Asimismo, intenta explicar los factores que han influido en la escasa consolidación del movimiento indígena en Paraguay.

Variación espacial y temporal de la diversidad de hormigas en el Jardín Botánico del valle de Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla Spatial and temporal variation of the diversity ants in the Botanic Garden from Zapotitlán de las Salinas Valley, Puebla

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Rafael Guzmán-Mendoza

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Debido al escaso conocimiento que se tiene de las hormigas de las zonas áridas de México, se evaluó la biodiversidad de este taxón en el Jardín Botánico de Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla. Se realizaron 2 colectas, una en época de lluvias (agosto de 2004 y otra en la temporada de secas (febrero de 2005. En ambas ocasiones se seleccionaron 2 sitios contrastantes en estructura vegetal y se colocaron 10 trampas de caída para cada sitio. La captura fue más abundante en temporada de lluvias. El sitio con menor diversidad y cobertura vegetal mostró una mayor diversidad de hormigas durante el estudio. Comparado con otras zonas áridas de México, el valle de Zapotitlán de las Salinas resultó ser una de las zonas semiáridas con mayor riqueza en especies de hormigas; con 12 nuevos registros se incrementó a 27 el número de especies, sólo una por debajo de otras localidades cercanas al valle. Los datos sugieren que con un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo y la aplicación combinada de otras técnicas de recolección, la riqueza de especies en el área podría elevarse considerablemente.The knowledge about ants of arid zones of Mexico is very poor. For this reason we assessed the biodiversity of this taxon in 2 sites with different vegetation structure. Ten pitfall traps were placed in each site, and 2 surveys were conducted, 1 in August (rainy season, 2004 and another in February (dry season, 2005. The capture was more abundant in the rainy season; however, during the study, a higher ant diversity was observed in the site with low vegetation cover and few plant diversity. Compared with other arid zones of Mexico, the Zapotitlán de las Salinas Valley is the site with the highest ant species richness. The new records have increased richness to 27 ant species, which is very close to the number of species registered in other localities near Zapotitlan. Our data suggest that increasing sampling effort and application of different sampling

Derecho a la consulta y participación de los pueblos indígenas, la experiencia constitucional en los casos de México y Chile

OpenAIRE

Rea Granados, Sergio Alejandro

2015-01-01

En este artículo se analiza la importancia y los retos de la constitucionalización de los derechos a la consulta previa y la participación de los pueblos indígenas en los casos de México y Chile. This article analyses the importance and challenges of rights to previous consultation and participation of indigenous peoples in the Constitution of Mexico and Chile.

First secondary metabolites from Herissantia crispa L (Brizicky) and the toxicity activity against Artemia salina Leach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costa, Danielly Albuquerque da; Matias, Wemerson Neves; Lima, Igara Oliveira; Xavier, Aline Lira; Costa, Vivian Bruna Machado; Diniz, Margareth de Fatima Formiga Melo; Agra, Maria de Fatima; Batista, Leonia Maria; Souza, Maria de Fatima Vanderlei de; Silva, Davi Antas e

2009-01-01

The phytochemical investigation of Herissantia crispa led to the isolation of seven compounds, identified as: sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone (kaempferol), 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin), unpublished in the genus Herissantia, besides β-sitosterol, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6''-E-p-coumaroil) (tiliroside) glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L-ramnopyranoside (lespedin), described for the first time in the species. The structural determination of the compounds was made by means of spectroscopy methods such as Infrared Spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, with the aid of two dimensional techniques, and by comparison with literature data. The toxicity activity of the MeOH extract and lespedin on Artemia salina Leach. was also carried out. (author)

Diversidade de abelhas visitantes das flores de Citrus em pomares de laranjeira e tangerineira Diversity of flowers visiting bees of Citrus in salinas, state of minas gerais

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Eduardo Tigre do Nascimento

2011-03-01

Full Text Available A presença de abelhas em culturas de valor comercial, no período de florescimento, é importante não apenas para garantir a polinização cruzada, quando indispensável, mas também para incrementar a produção de frutos e sementes. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve a finalidade de identificar as abelhas visitantes das flores em pomar de laranjeira (Citrus sinensis e tangerineira (Citrus reticulata em Salinas - MG. O trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Santa Isabel, da Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Salinas - MG, em pomares de laranjeira com as variedades, pera, baía e baianinha, e de tangerineira, variedade poncã. As coletas das abelhas visitantes das culturas da laranjeira e tangerineira foram feitas nas floradas principais, entre os meses de agosto e outubro. Foram coletadas as abelhas que visitaram as flores nos horários entre 06 h e 18 h, totalizando 52 horas na laranjeira e 50 horas na tangerineira. No pomar de laranjeira, foram coletados 5.045 espécimes com riqueza de 12 espécies, e na tangerineira, 1.428 espécimes com 20 espécies. As espécies de abelhas de maior predominância e dominância em todos os horários amostrados foram Apis mellifera e Trigona spinipes na cultura da laranjeira e A. mellifera, T. spinipes e Tetragonisca angustula na cultura da tangerineira.The presence of bees on cultures with commercial value during flowering is important to ensure the cross-pollination, when necessary, but also to increase the production of fruits and seeds. This work aimed to identify flowers' visiting bees on orange and tangerine orchards in Salinas - MG. The work was leaded on Santa Isabel experimental farm of the Federal Agro-technical School of Salinas - MG, on orange orchards (Citrus sinensis with pear, bahia and baianinha varieties in the spacing of 5,0 x 6,0, and on tangerine orchards (C. reticulate using poncã variety in the spacing of 5,0 x 5,0. The sampling of visiting bees from orange and tangerine

de los pueblos amerindios, kogi y wayúu

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María Amarís Macías

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta la comprensión alcanzada acerca de los aspectos culturales de la familia de los pueblos amerindios Wayúu y Kogi, a partir de la realización de una investigación bibliográfica analítica sobre los mismos. Los resultados de esta investigación nos muestran que la “sangre” es un elemento esencial para los Wayúu (parentesco matrilineal materializado por el pago; en tanto que, para los Kogi, es fundamental la fecundidad, manifiesta en el acto de poporear, así como en la territorialidad. Uno y otro se relacionan con el aporte de sistema de reciprocidad de Lévi- Strauss. En ambas, el ciclo de la familia es continuo; sin embargo, los Kogi poseen un sistema cerrado con subsistemas desligamiento, mientras que, en los Wayúu, el sistema es abierto con subsistemas aglutinados. En los hallazgos se resalta la discrepancia en la caracterización de los Wayúu como sociedad de matriarcado; concluyéndose con la propuesta de Carranza (1997 en la existencia de matrilinealidad. En los Kogi, además, las magnitudes de las trasformaciones afectan a la familia, lo que hace a éstos vulnerables a cambios en su dinámica interna. En las dos culturas se establece el tema como unidad que determina el sentido de identidad étnica. Por eso la temática se extrapola en el concepto de la socialización, que en la población se realiza a través de los ritos de pubertad y el matrimonio. Por ello se reconoce que la familia es la encargada de generar en las personas un sentido de identidad (Campanini, A.; Luppi, F., 1996, (Minuchin, 1986.

Programa educativo: “Estilos de vida saludable y su impacto en pobladores del pueblo joven Túpac Amaru. Iquitos 2007-2008”

OpenAIRE

Matute P., Eva L.; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Sevillano B., Zulema; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Torres S, Rossana; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Salazar B, Nelly; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Díaz M, Carmen; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Vásquez D, Perla M.; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Rojas G., Matilde; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Orbe G, Zulema; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Guerra V., Marina; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Alvarado C., Haydée; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Fernández S., Juana E.; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Paz C., Carlos J.; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Encinas M., Martha C.; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana; Alva, Alenguer; Ruiz S., Edith; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana

2015-01-01

El trabajo tuvo como propósito general determinar el impacto de un programa educativo en estilos de vida saludable en pobladores del pueblo joven Túpac Amaru de la ciudad de Iquitos en los años 2007 y 2008. Se utilizó el método cualicuantitativo, diseño cuasi experimental y observación en series de tiempo, una ficha de comportamiento de estilos de vida de los pobladores, validez 80% y confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach = 0,65, como instrumento principal de recolección de datos. La población estuv...

ANALISIS DEL ROL DE LA DEFENSORIA DEL PUEBLO EN LA APLICACION DE LOS DERECHO DE LA TERCERA EDAD EN LA CIUDAD DE CUCUTA

OpenAIRE

Mora Pallares, Juan Carlos; Rincon Florez, Fredy Alexander; Sayago Alzamora, Carlos Armando

2006-01-01

El presente trabajo abarca todo lo concerniente a la situación de las personas de la tercera edad del país, donde se analiza la situación de los derechos humanos, en cuanto a la atención condiciones laborales, salud, bienestar en general; finalizando con las conclusiones y recomendaciones. El objeto del trabajo consistió en analizar el Rol de la Defensoría del Pueblo para que se cumplan los Derechos de estas personas.

Influência da irrigação intraperitoneal de solução salina em diferentes temperaturas na formação de aderências e prevenção de hipotermia após pneumoperitônio em ratos

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Oswaldo Lourenço de Molla Neto

Full Text Available Este estudo experimental em ratos avalia a influência da irrigação da cavidade peritoneal com solução salina isotônica (0,9 %, em diferentes temperaturas, na formação de aderências peritoneais e prevenção de hipotermia após pneumoperitônio. Foram utilizados 80 ratos divididos em quatro grupos de 20 animais: grupo controle (G1 sem irrigação, grupos com irrigação a temperatura ambiente 22,0°C (G2, a 35,0°C (G3 e a 45,0°C (G4. A análise da hipotermia foi realizada através da monitorização da temperatura retal em três diferentes momentos: após a anestesia (T1, cinco minutos depois da insuflação de dióxido de carbono (T2 e cinco minutos após a irrigação com solução salina (T3. Os animais foram sacrificados no 28º dia de pós-operatório. Observaram-se aderências nos grupos com irrigação, sendo que, com salina à temperatura de 45,0ºC houve maior formação de aderências (30,0% , porém, esta diferença não foi significante. No G2 ocorreu uma queda significante na temperatura média retal quando comparada aos demais grupos, demonstrando que a hipotermia na cirurgia laparoscópica pode ser reduzida com o uso de solução salina aquecida.

Crescimento, consumo hídrico e composição mineral de alface cultivada em hidroponia com águas salinas

OpenAIRE

Paulus,Dalva; Paulus,Eloi; Nava,Gilmar Antônio; Moura,Cláudia Andrade

2012-01-01

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o crescimento, o consumo hídrico e a extração de nutrientes, por alface (Lactuca sativa L.) em sistema hidropônico NFT (fluxo laminar de nutrientes), com a utilização de águas salinas no preparo da solução nutritiva e reposição da lâmina diária evapotranspirada. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, sendo estudados os efeitos de cinco níveis de salinidade da água, utilizando-se Na...

EL REGISTRO Y LA HISTORIA DE LOS PUEBLOS DE INDIOS DE CÓRDOBA ENTRE LOS SIGLOS XVI Y XIX / The record and history of the Indian villages of Cordoba between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries

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Sonia Tell

2011-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un primer mapa social, geográfico y temporal de las encomiendas y pueblos de indios de Córdoba desde la fundación de la ciudad en 1573 hasta la expropiación de las tierras de las últimas comunidades indígenas reconocidas por el estado provincial entre 1880 y 1900. Esta reconstrucción, que tiene su punto de partida en preguntas, problemas y perspectivas de la etnohistoria, se sustenta en la confrontación y sistematización de información proveniente de un conjunto muy nutrido y variado de fuentes: visitas, padrones, expedientes, catastros e informes de autoridades. Dentro de un universo mayor de indios registrados por la administración colonial en el siglo XVII, se realiza el rastreo de veintiún casos hasta el final del período abordado. Para los once pueblos de más larga persistencia, se analizan con mayor detalle sus agregaciones, desmembramientos, traslados y cambios de nominación, relacionándose estos cambios y persistencias con la presencia o ausencia de los pueblos en el registro documental. Sobre la base de este rastreo y los aportes de estudios recientes, se proponen algunas claves que pueden contribuir a explicar los divergentes derroteros de estos pueblos.   Palabras clave: pueblos de indios; encomiendas; registro; historia; persistencia. Abstract This article presents a social, geographical, and temporal map of the encomiendas and Indian towns of Cordoba from the foundation of the city in 1573 to the expropriation of the lands belonging to the last indigenous communities that were recognized by the provincial state between 1880 and 1900. This reconstruction –whose starting point is a set of ethnohistorical questions, problems, and perspectives- is based on the comparison and systematization of information from a very rich and varied set of sources: visits, censuses, cadastres, lawsuits, and reports by authorities. Within a larger universe of Indians who were registered by the colonial

Líquenes de Pueblo Libre, una localidad andina en la Cordillera Negra (Huaylas, Ancash, Perú

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Ángel Ramírez

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo informa los resultados del estudio de la liquenobiota de la localidad andina de Pueblo Libre, (09º05’30’’ - 09º10’15’’ S y 77º47’30’’ - 77º52’50’’ W en Huaylas, Ancash, Perú. Las colectas se realizaron desde los 2200 hasta los 4450 m de altitud. El presente trabajo da a conocer 38 especies, agrupadas en 29 géneros y 17 familias y además del grupo imperfecto. Se presentan claves para familias, géneros y especies. Para cada especie se presenta una descripción macroscópica y microscópica y de reacción química, asimismo se menciona el hábitat y material examinado.

First secondary metabolites from Herissantia crispa L (Brizicky) and the toxicity activity against Artemia salina Leach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costa, Danielly Albuquerque da; Matias, Wemerson Neves; Lima, Igara Oliveira; Xavier, Aline Lira; Costa, Vivian Bruna Machado; Diniz, Margareth de Fatima Formiga Melo; Agra, Maria de Fatima; Batista, Leonia Maria; Souza, Maria de Fatima Vanderlei de [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Lab. de Tecnologia Farmaceutica Prof. Delby Fernandes de Medeiros; Silva, Davi Antas e [Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica

2009-07-01

The phytochemical investigation of Herissantia crispa led to the isolation of seven compounds, identified as: sitosterol 3-O-{beta}-D-glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3-O-{beta}-D-glucopyranoside, 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone (kaempferol), 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin), unpublished in the genus Herissantia, besides {beta}-sitosterol, kaempferol 3-O-{beta}-D-(6''-E-p-coumaroil) (tiliroside) glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3,7-di-O-{alpha}-L-ramnopyranoside (lespedin), described for the first time in the species. The structural determination of the compounds was made by means of spectroscopy methods such as Infrared Spectroscopy, {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, with the aid of two dimensional techniques, and by comparison with literature data. The toxicity activity of the MeOH extract and lespedin on Artemia salina Leach. was also carried out. (author)

"Qué pertenece a quién": Procesos de patrimonialización y Pueblos Originarios en Patagonia

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Carolina Crespo

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Mientras en el pasado, el relato histórico y la identidad nacional/provincial se configuró en base a la negación y/o rechazo de la diferencia y se camufló la desigualdad bajo la apelación a una unidad cultural, particular y homogénea como lo fue el criollismo; hoy los restos arqueológicos del pasado indígena son re-categorizados en la legislación de la provincia de Río Negro como patrimonio cultural de la misma. Frente a la complejidad que reviste tal situación, me propongo analizar las ambigüedades y contradicciones que se desprenden de esta clasificación en el ámbito legislativo provincial y los conflictos que se tejen en torno a esta activación patrimonial entre los agentes estatales y el pueblo mapuche. Intento demostrar que estas contradicciones son producto de -y moldean- la dinámica que ha adquirido en años recientes la relación entre el pueblo mapuche y los agentes estatales, a la vez que de ciertas directrices internacionales.In the past, the national/provincial&'s history and identity was shaped by refusing and/or rejecting differences, while inequity was hidden by claiming for a particular and homogeneous cultural unity: &"the criollismo&". Nowadays, the archaeological rests of indigenous past are re-categorized in Rio Negro`s legislation as a province`s cultural heritage. Considering the complexity of these circumstances, the purpose of this article is (to analyse the contradictions and ambiguousness released by this classification at the legislative context and the conflicts that this heritage activation weaves between the state`s agents and mapuche`s people. I will try to demonstrate that this contradictions are the product of -and also provide- the relationship between mapuche`s people, state`s agents and certain international directrices in recent years.

El turismo de naturaleza en espacios naturales. El caso del parque regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar

OpenAIRE

Ballesteros Pelegrín, Gustavo Alfonso

2014-01-01

Los espacios naturales atraen a turistas que buscan el contacto con la naturaleza, surgiendo nuevos productos turísticos. Surgen, de este modo, nuevos productos turísticos. En la oferta de turismo de naturaleza del Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar destaca: deportes en la naturaleza, aventura y ecoturismo. Este último se divide en: turismo ornitológico y fotográfico, que junto al tradicional de sol y playa y de salud, se ve favorecido por su situación geográfi...

Crescimento e fitomassa da beterraba sob irrigação suplementar com água de diferentes concentrações salinas

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Daniella Pereira dos Santos

Full Text Available RESUMO O uso da água salina na agricultura é uma alternativa viável, tendo-se em vista o aumento da demanda de água doce. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o crescimento e a produção de fitomassa da beterraba, sob irrigação com água de diferentes concentrações salinas, em experimento em condição de campo, no Campus da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, em Arapiraca. Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 dS m-1. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O máximo rendimento da beterraba aos 27 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos salinos foi obtido com uma salinidade de 3,0 dS m-1, para as variáveis altura de planta (AP, diâmetro do caule (DC, comprimento da raiz (CR, fitomassa seca da parte aérea (FSPA e fitomassa seca total (FST. Aos 42 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos salinos, as variáveis fitomassa fresca da parte aérea (FFPA, fitomassa fresca da raiz (FFR, fitomassa fresca total (FFT, fitomassa seca da parte aérea (FSPA e fitomassa seca total (FST aumentaram com o aumento da salinidade da água. A chuva pode ter influenciado os resultados obtidos para as avaliações, realizadas aos 42 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos salinos.

Programa pueblos mágicos y desarrollo local: actores, dimensiones y perspectivas en El Oro, México

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Carlos Alberto Pérez-Ramírez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo realiza un análisis de la imple- mentación del programa pueblos mágicos en El Oro, Estado de México, con la finalidad de conocer los alcances y limitaciones para el desarrollo local. La propuesta metodológica se fundamenta en los planteamientos de Arocena (2002, que delinea las bases para el estudio del desarrollo local con base en las variables: modo de desarrollo, sistema de actores e identidad local. Se concluye que es preciso posicionar a la población local como actores protagónicos en la construcción del desarrollo local, con la finalidad de favorecer la búsqueda de soluciones a problemáticas comunes y la distribución compartida de los beneficios generados.

Caracterización de bacterias halófilas productoras de amilasas aisladas de las Salinas de San Blas en Junín

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Pamela Elizabeth Canales Mormontoy

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Título en español: Caracterización de bacterias halófilas productoras de amilasas aisladas de las Salinas de San Blas en Junín Título en ingles: Characterization of halophilic bacteria producing amylase isolated from San Blas Salterns in Junin Título corto: Bacterias halófilas amilolíticas de las Salinas de San Blas Resumen:  El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar bacterias halófilas con actividad amilolítica provenientes de las Salinas de San Blas-Junín, ubicadas en los Andes peruanos aproximadamente a 4100 m de altitud. Este estudio se realizó con 34 bacterias aisladas de muestras de suelos las cuales se cultivaron en agar agua de sales (SW 5 % conteniendo extracto de levadura 0,5 % y almidón 1 %. El 41 % de bacterias mostró la capacidad de hidrolizar almidón, éstas fueron caracterizadas mediante pruebas fisiológicas y bioquímicas convencionales. Tres bacterias fueron Gram-negativas y once Gram-positivas. El 21 % (3/14 creció en un amplio rango de concentración de sales, entre 5 y 20 %. El 14 % (2/14 de las bacterias presentó actividad lipolítica, proteolítica y nucleolítica, y el 29 % (4/14, presentó actividad proteolítica y nucleolítica. Las bacterias se identificaron mediante los perfiles de restricción de los genes ribosómicos 16S amplificados, las enzimas usadas fueron Hae III, BstU I, Hinf I y Cfo I. Los genes ribosómicos 16S de siete bacterias que presentaron perfiles de ADN diferentes se amplificaron, secuenciaron y analizaron mediante programas bioinformáticos. Del análisis fenotípico y molecular de las 14 bacterias amilolíticas se obtuvieron dos grupos, uno perteneciente al género Halomonas (3 y el otro, al género Bacillus (11. Las bacterias amilolíticas caracterizadas podrían ser de potencial uso a nivel industrial.  Palabras clave: Salinas de San Blas, amilasas, genes ribosómicos 16S, ARDRA, Bacillus, Halomonas. Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize halophilic

Encapsulación de moléculas pequeñas mediante la precipitación salina de poliuretanos catioméricos

OpenAIRE

Fernández d’Arlas, Borja; Corcuera, María Ángeles; Eceiza, Arantxa

2015-01-01

En este trabajo se estudia un copolímero de poliuretano catiomérico (PU) con alta proporción de uretano como agente encapsulante de fármacos modelos (FM) mediante la encapsulación inducida por precipitación salina del PU y FM a pH < pI del PU. Mediante espectroscopia UV-Vis se ha estimado el porcentaje de encapsulación de varios FMs proponiéndose un modelo semi-empírico para determinar la distribución observada en las eficiencias de encapsulación, E, en función de su volumen molar...

Atributos biológicos de dos suelos de Quibor con aplicación de abono orgánico y soluciones salinas

OpenAIRE

Mendoza, Betty; Florentino, Adriana; Hernández-Hernández, Rosa Mary; Aciego, Juan; Torres, Duilio; Vera, Elena

2013-01-01

La evaluación del efecto de la aplicación de abono orgánico y soluciones salinas sobre los atributos biológicos de suelos de Quibor estado Lara, Venezuela, uno bajo manejo convencional (CV) y otro bajo manejo conservacionista (CS), se realizó mediante un ensayo de invernadero. Se utilizaron tres dosis de materia orgánica (MO): 0, 15 y 30 Mg ha-1 y cuatro soluciones de riego (SR): testigo con agua (T), sulfato de calcio (SC), cloruro de sodio (CN) y la mezcla de sulfato de calcio con cloruro d...

El capital social como factor para el desarrollo en el Pueblo Mágico de Tapijulapa

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Jose Raul Luyando Cuevas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El capital social es un factor de integración con el que se pueden lograr avances en el desarrollo de una localidad, debido a las relaciones solidarias que se entretejen entre sus miembros. Esta investigación articula un análisis de la confianza y las redes sociales como fuentes de capital social que pueden facilitar u obstaculizar el proceso de cambio y de desarrollo en el Pueblo Mágico de Tapijulapa. Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis factorial –utilizando la técnica de componentes principales– muestran la relevancia del capital social en el proceso de construcción de relaciones mutuamente beneficiosas que sirven de sustento para generar un mayor beneficio entre sus pobladores. Ponen especial atención a la participación de individuos y agrupaciones nativas para que, en conjunto con las externas, puedan consolidar las acciones, programas y proyectos.

El desarrollo agropecuario de los pueblos de alta montaña. La Peñuela, Estado de México

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Nancy Diana Anastacio-Martínez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza el desarrollo agropecuario de La Peñuela, un pueblo de alta montaña perteneciente al Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca. El acercamiento metodológico se basó en la Etnohistoria, la cual nos permitió identificar el proceso histórico de las actividades agropecuarias y su influencia en otros recursos como los forestales. Se emplearon herramientas de investigación participativa, como las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados sugieren que los cambios en las actividades agropecuarias han influido en el manejo de los recursos forestales maderables y no maderables desde la fundación de la comunidad, así como la disponibilidad del agua para la subsistencia.

Altered lipid accumulation in Nannochloropsis salina CCAP849/3 following EMS and UV induced mutagenesis

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T.A. Beacham

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Microalgae have potential as a chemical feed stock in a range of industrial applications. Nannochloropsis salina was subject to EMS mutagenesis and the highest lipid containing cells selected using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Assessment of growth, lipid content and fatty acid composition identified mutant strains displaying a range of altered traits including changes in the PUFA content and a total FAME increase of up to 156% that of the wild type strain. Combined with a reduction in growth this demonstrated a productivity increase of up to 76%. Following UV mutagenesis, lipid accumulation of the mutant cultures was elevated to more than 3 fold that of the wild type strain, however reduced growth rates resulted in a reduction in overall productivity. Changes observed are indicative of alterations to the regulation of the omega 6 Kennedy pathway. The importance of these variations in physiology for industrial applications such as biofuel production is discussed.

Higiene, pueblo y sanidad en Cali. Instituciones, prácticas e imaginarios. 1945-1950

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Joan Manuel Largo Vargas

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza cómo las elites de Cali enfrentaron el problema de la higiene a mediados delsiglo XX, en un contexto de renovación de la política pública, la cual estaba signadapor la redefinición del lugar del “pueblo”; por los procesos de industrialización,urbanización y crecimiento demográfico y por la consolidación de una medicalizaciónde la sociedad. Para ello se parte del supuesto de que las prácticas e institucionesalrededor de la higiene en Cali se apoyaron esencialmente en el imaginario de ladefensa del pueblo. Estas discusiones se lograron rastrear en los archivos municipalesy periódicos de la época. Una política que se intentó poner en práctica en una coyunturaque generaba tensiones entre las viejas tendencias morales, los códigos normativos ylas nuevas prácticas científicas de la salud pública y de la medicina social.

Communitarian biodigester: psychosocial and environmental repercussion in the community of Pueblo Nuevo in II Frente Municipality

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David Dainer Matos-Mendoza

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The present research was made in the community of Pueblo Nuevo in II Frente Municipality, in Santiago de Cuba Province, with the objective to characterize the psychosocial and environmental repercussion that had the construction of a communitarian biodigester in their habitants. We depart from the theoretical perspectives of the Environmental Psychology, which base is the Historical-Cultural Approach. It was used the configurational methodology and the ethno-methodological method. The techniques employed were the observation and the half-structured interview. The main results point out that the construction of the biodigester influences positively in the transformation of the communitarian’s environmental consciousness, because they began to manifest behaviors and attitudes in function of taking care of the environment. Also it was reached a major risk perception related with the human actions that damage the environment, such as the improvement of the communitarian’s quality of life.

Evaluation of toxic effects with transition metal ions, EDTA, SBTI and acrylic polymers on Aedes aegypti (L., 1762 (Culicidae and Artemia salina (Artemidae

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Eduardo José de Arruda

2011-06-01

Full Text Available This work aimed to evaluate the toxicity of some insecticides compounds on Aedes aegypti and Artemia salina larvae. Bioassays were carried out to evaluate the toxic effect after of 24 and 72 h using the compounds or associations. The LC10, LC50 and LC90 values were obtained and utilized for toxicity comparations. For Ae. aegypti, LC50 were 32.65 mg L-1 in 24 h for Na2[EDTA-Cu(II] and total mortality in 72 h for SAP-Na2[EDTA-Cu(II].

Tratamiento del prolapso rectal en la infancia con infiltración de solución salina al 16,5 %

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Carlos Ramírez Pérez

Full Text Available Introducción: cuando falla el tratamiento médico conservador en los pacientes pediátricos con prolapso rectal se impone la infiltración perirrectal con sustancias irritantes. En la década de los 90 esas infiltraciones en nuestro centro se hacían con glicerina, pero escaseó en el mercado, y ante tal problema, se buscó otro agente infiltrante alternativo. En el presente trabajo se describe la experiencia con la utilización de solución salina al 16,5 %. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención, longitudinal, prospectivo, experimental, del tipo ensayo clínico no controlado. Consta de una segunda parte en la que se utilizó la aleatorización con un grupo control para la validación. El universo estuvo constituido por 27 pacientes y la muestra, por 16 pacientes con prolapso rectal, que fueron atendidos en el servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial de Holguín en el quinquenio 2003-2007. Las variables desarrolladas fueron: concentración idónea para el tratamiento, cantidad de sustancia a infiltrar, complicaciones, recurrencia, número de infiltraciones y curación al año o más. Los resultados se exponen en forma de tablas porcentuales. Resultados: la eficacia con la utilización de solución salina al 16,5 % fue del 100 %, todos los pacientes curaron, y ninguno presentó recurrencia, por lo que no fueron necesarias 2 o más sesiones de tratamiento. Se comentó de un niño que, luego de fallar la infiltración con leche materna en primera opción y fallido también el cerclaje, finalmente resolvió con este método. Las complicaciones fueron relativamente pocas (18,9 %: un absceso, una celulitis y una retención urinaria con necesidad de sondaje durante 2 semanas, sin secuelas posteriores. Se realizó aleatorización con igual número de pacientes en quienes se usó la glicerina, los resultados del uso de ambas sustancias fueron muy parecidos, y el número de complicaciones fue ligeramente mayor en el

Estudio de caracterización de emprendedores de la Parroquia Salinas de la Provincia de Bolívar - Ecuador

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Jorge Goyes Noboa

2016-09-01

Salinas de Guaranda. Se han identificado variables y factores sociales, económicos, de financiamiento, organizacionales, estructuras administrativas, económicas, cultura organizacional, formas asociativas, motivación para crear negocios, estructuras de negocios predominantes que impulsan la economía social y solidaria presente en la zona. El mayor número de emprendimientos está ligado directa e indirectamente (66% de negocios a las organizaciones sociales y fundaciones salineras, son negocios relativamente jóvenes (menos de 10 años de existencia que han surgido por la necesidad de generar actividades económicas que apoyen al ingreso familiar y comunitario, con lo que afianza el modelo de desarrollo social vigente.

Regulatory Project Manager for Salina and Permian Basins for the NWTS [National Waste Terminal Storage] Program: Final techical report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-12-01

The identification of candidate sites for nuclear waste repositories involves geological and environmental studies to characterize potential sites. These investigations include the collection and analysis of detailed geological and environmental data and comparison of the data against predetermined site performance criteria, i.e., geologic characteristics, environmental protection, and socioeconomic impacts. The work summarized in this final technical report encompasses mainly ''environmental characterization'' studies in the Permian Basin in the Texas Panhandle during the period of 1977-86; in the earlier phase of the contract, regional environmental work was also done in the Salina Basin (1977-79) and certain licensing support activities and safety analyses were conducted (1977-82). Considerable regulatory support work was also performed during 1986. 9 figs., 2 tabs

No solo crear la memoria de nosotros como pueblos indígenas, sino enseñar a ver esa memoria

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Marisol Calambás

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Marisol Calambás Soscué presenta su recorrido creativo como una búsqueda de nuevas técnicas y formas plásticas para expresar la memoria ancestral del pueblo Nasa al que pertenece. Es necesario escapar del estancamiento artificial impuesto por el mercado turístico que etiqueta las obras indígenas como ‘artesanías’ y exige la repetición de patrones supuestamente ancestrales. La creatividad de los artistas contemporáneos indígenas, muestra Marisol, fluye transformando constantemente los canales de comunicación de la memoria. Es necesario, por tanto, educar la mirada del público para que aprenda a ver dichas transformaciones. 

Problemática lingüístico-educativa de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela

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Natalia Bondarenko Pisemskaya

2009-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se examina la situación de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela y de sus respectivas lenguas; se presentan los antecedentes y los alcances del Régimen de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe y se analizan las implicaciones de las políticas lingüísticas del Estado venezolano en materia lingüístico-educativa. La investigación, de tipo documental, se realizó a través de una metodología cualitativa, a partir de análisis teóricos y de una entrevista focalizada semiestructurada. Se concluye que a pesar de los esfuerzos del Estado, son los propios indígenas los que deben hacerse responsables tanto de su destino como de sus lenguas, rigiéndose por el principio de la autodeterminación, sin tanta intervención por parte del Estado.

Isolasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (Persea americana dan Uji Toksisitas Terhadap Artemia Salina Leach

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Andi Nur Fitriani Abubakar

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Avocado seed (Persea americana is recognized as one of medicinal plants. It contains several secondary metabolites, which have toxic activity. However, efforts to identify active compounds from avocado seeds (Persea americana are still relatively rare. Therefore, isolation and toxicity assay have been conducted foward the active compound of avocado seed. Maceration one kilogram of seed dried powder by ethanol obtained 49,7464 gram extract. Separation of etanol extract by column chromatography generated 0,0698 grams of pure white needle crytal, which is positively triterpenoid based on Lieberman-Buchard test. In addition, infrared spectrum showed the existence of OH, C=C, C-C, C=O, -C-H, -CH3,-CH2 and C-O stretch, which support the presumed compound. The result of toxicity test on Artemia salina Leach showed that the extract, fraction and pure isolates of the etanol extract are toxic with LC50 values 13,274 g/mL; 9,528 g/mL and 8,128 g/mL, respectively.

Emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia submetidas à irrigação com água salina

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Mayky F. P. de Lima

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sais na água de irrigação sob a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia (Albizia lebbeck (L. Benth.. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, RN, usando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, com 24 sementes em cada parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das concentrações salinas 0,68 (água de abastecimento; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0 e 7,5 dS m-1, obtidas através da adição de NaCl em água. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz, número de folíolos, condutividade elétrica acumulada do substrato, índice de conteúdo de clorofila, massa seca da raiz, do caule, das folhas e total. O aumento da salinidade na água de irrigação interfere negativamente na emergência e no crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia, sendo recomendado água com concentração salina até 1,5 dS m-1, caracterizando esta espécie como glicófita, sensível à salinidade.

Aproximações sobre prescrições e práticas corporais nos Grupos escolares de Pirapora, Januária e Salinas: a educação dos corpos sertanejos - (1906-1927 * Approaches about prescriptions and corporal practices in schools in Pirapora, Januária and Salinas

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ELISÂNGELA CHAVES

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} O texto analisa a proposta da educação corporal de grupos escolares localizados no norte de Minas Gerais no período de 1906 a 1927, notadamente nos municípios de Pirapora, Januária e Salinas. A pesquisa tomou como fonte principal relatos orais e demais documentos diretamente relacionados com a memória escolar para compreender como as atividades físicas foram percebidas como modeladoras de hábitos e atitudes, em um momento histórico em que Brasil prezava pelo discurso modernizador. Palavras-chave: Educação corporal – Memória – Desenvolvimento.   Abstract: The text analyses the proposal of the corporal education in schools in the north of Minas Gerais during 1906 and 1927, especially in Pirapora, januária and Salinas. As main source, the research made use of oral reports and other documents directly related to school memory to understand how physical activities were realized as habit and attitude-forming, in a historic moment in which Brazil used to cherish the modernizing speech. Keywords: Corporal education – Memory – Depevolpment.

Efeito alelopático e toxicidade frente à Artemia salina Leach dos extatos do fruto de Euterpe edulis Martius Allelopathic effects and toxicity against Artemia salina Leach of extracts of the fruit of Euterpe edulis Martius

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Cristina Peitz de Lima

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Alelopatia é um processo envolvendo metabólitos secundários produzidos por plantas que infl uenciam o crescimento e desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas. Devido à toxicidade dos herbicidas sintéticos para o meio ambiente e para a saúde humana tem-se aumentado o interesse na exploração da alelopatia como uma alternativa para o controle de plantas daninhas. O presente trabalho avaliou efeito dos extratos dos frutos de Euterpe edulis Martius sobre o desenvolvimento de cipselas e plântulas de Lactuca sativa Linné, foram determinados o índice de velocidade de germinação, o crescimento da radícula e do hipocótilo. Para a avaliação da toxicidade dos extratos foi realizado o ensaio de toxicidade frente ao microcrustáceo Artemia salina Leach determinando-se a CL50 e percentual de mortalidade. A fração remanescente demonstrou efeito alelopático, pois todas as concentrações alteraram os valores do índice de velocidade de germinação e as concentrações de 0,2 e 0,4 mg inibiram tanto o crescimento da radícula quanto o crescimento do hipocótilo. No ensaio de toxicidade todos os extratos apresentaram CL50 superior a 1000 ppm e 0% de mortalidade das artemias, indicando a não toxicidade dos extratos.Allelopathy is a process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants that influence growth and development of agricultural systems. Because of the toxicity of synthetic herbicides to the environment and human health, there has been increased interest in exploiting allelopathy as an alternative for weed control. This study evaluated the eff ect of extracts of Euterpe edulis Martius fruits on the development of cypselae and seedlings of Lactuca sativa Linné; the germination speed index, radicle and hypocotyl growth were determined. To evaluate the toxicity of the extracts the toxicity test against Artemia salina Leach was used, where the LC50 and mortality rate were determined. Th e remaining fraction showed allelopathic effect

Pueblos indígenas, Estado y Territorio en tiempos interculturales en la provincia de Salta

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Mariana Andrea Schmidt

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La configuración del Estado argentino hacia fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX tuvo como uno de sus móviles principales la eliminación, asimilación e invisibilización de los pueblos indígenas. En las últimas décadas del siglo XX, se ha pasado de una política de invisibilización y homogeneización a otra de visibilización y reconocimiento de la diversidad cultural, promoviéndose la diversidad territorial, cultural y lingüística acallada durante décadas. El objetivo del presente artículo es indagar en las características asumidas por estos procesos en la provincia de Salta. Partiendo de considerar al Chaco salteño como territorio históricamente imaginado como indígena, interesa pensar cómo juegan estos imaginarios territoriales a la hora de diseñar e implementar políticas públicas para este territorio y su población.

Conservando la diversidad de lenguas

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Russel Bernard, H.

1992-12-01

Full Text Available Not available.

En 1987, el Sr. Jesús Salinas y yo, concebimos un plan para desarrollar un centro en donde los indígenas de México pudieran aprender a leer y escribir sus propias lenguas mediante la utilización de los microprocesadores. Más importante todavía, pudieran imprimir y editar sus obras en sus respectivas lenguas, sobre cualquier tema que eligiesen. La idea principal era ofrecerles una manera de rescatar sus idiomas de la extinción. En esta ponencia les contaré el proceso de desarrollo de aquel centro y nuestra intención de extender esta tarea a los pueblos indígenas de todo el mundo con la finalidad de preservar sus lenguas. Pero antes quiero explicarles porque debemos luchar para la preservación de la heterogeneidad lingüística.

Villamalea 1976 : El año de la transición política. Memoria grafica de un pueblo de Castilla-La Mancha

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Sanz Díaz, Benito

2013-01-01

La publicación de “Villamalea 1976. El año de la transición política. Memoria grafica de un pueblo de Castilla-La Mancha” recoge una parte de las fotos que realice durante varias de mis estancias en Villamalea, mientras estudiaba el funcionamiento de la cooperativa san Antonio Abad, entrevistaba a los vecinos, y recogía datos para lo que después seria mi tesis doctoral […], la publicación de un libro […], y varios artículos vinculados a la localidad. [Pueden consultarse en este repositorio de...

Determinantes que inciden en la satisfacción y retorno de los turistas de los Pueblos Mágicos del Estado de México

OpenAIRE

Herrera Hernández, Amparo Judith

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación presenta una aproximación al análisis en materia de gestión municipal enfocada al turismo. El estudio se centra en conocer los determinantes que permitan medir la satisfacción que obtienen los turistas que visitan los Pueblos Mágicos del Estado de México, y así conocer si hay relación con el retorno y el fomento a la economía local. La información se obtuvo a través de una encuesta realizada a los turistas que visitaron los municipios de Valle de Bravo, Ma...

Los modelos etnomatemáticos de representación cosmogónica en los pueblos indígenas Americanos

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Alejandro Jaén Rojas

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito en este artículo es el de mostrar y analizar diversas formas de representación que utilizaron o, utilizan aun los indígenas americanos de diversas culturas. Algunas formas de representación, consideradas comúnmente como motivos decorativos, parecen responder a un sistema lógico muy preciso, que podría tener el propósito central de expresar y guardar conocimientos cosmogónicos. Para tal efecto, los indígenas de diversos pueblos, recurrieron a estructuras y formas de representación matemáticas, que les permitían guardar conocimientos astronómicos, calendáricos, de las cosechas, censos, entre otros, y luego expresarlos como mitos, integrados dentro de su espacio cosmogónico. Resulta sorprendente ver como algunas formas de representación, como las grecas escalonadas, pasan de una cultura a otra, desde Alaska hasta la Patagonia, en lo que parecen ser modelos de representación, que se difundieron muchos siglos antes de la llegada de los españoles a América. La razón por la cual, estos modelos de representación se generalizan, a lo largo de distancias enormes y entre los pueblos más diversos, es porque son conocimientos que surgen ligados a los tejidos. Hasta donde sabemos, casi la totalidad de los indígenas tejían en algodón o diversas fibras, con lo cual, una vez iniciado el proceso de guardar informaciones todos ellos contaron con una base simple y sólida para fortalecer el proceso de recopilación de datos, y guardarlos con precisión. Muchos son los ejemplos de cómputos realizados con mecates, al estilo de los quipus suramericanos. En el arte de tejer surgen conocimientos matemáticos que les permitieron guardar informaciones muy variadas: calendáricas, astronómicas, culturales, entre otras, que luego eran expresadas como una visión de mundo, una cosmogonía.

¿Emergencia de un derecho constitucional común? El caso de los pueblos indígenas (Parte I

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Gonzalo Aguilar Cavallo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available En un mundo de creciente integración, no sólo económica y política, sino también jurídica, una de las preguntas que se plantea es su impacto sobre el continente americano. Una de las posibles respuestas –explorada en este artículo– es el surgimiento de un derecho constitucional latinoamericano, que se construiría a partir de principios de orden público comunes fundados en el derecho de los derechos humanos. En este contexto, la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos se configuraría como un órgano jurisdiccional que ejerce justicia constitucional. En este estudio se asume el ejercicio de identificar parámetros constitucionales comunes a partir de un grupo determinado de derechos, esto es, de los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas.

Un carnaval para el yo lésbico: Los cuentos de Gilda Salinas

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Elena Madrigal

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Gilda Salinas rompe las unidades cuentísticas tradicionales al hacer de cada texto de Del destete al desempance. Cuentos lésbicos y un colado un episodio en la vida de una lesbiana que, con “voz propia”, narra sus peripecias nocturnas por la ciudad de México, de los años setenta a la actualidad. Al ubicar las acciones en sitios de diversión lésbica que no existen más, la voz, cual cronista, rescata un ámbito de la vida homosexual a la vez que fija bromas y códigos lingüísticos que por su origen oral hubieran corrido el riesgo de perderse con las generaciones que los animaron. Sus estrategias carnavalizan el tema lésbico a la vez que legitiman la validez de las búsquedas expresivas y de comportamiento del ser lesbiana en un tiempo y en un lugar. Su aportación en los planos del género literario y de la formación de constantes en la narrativa homosexual mexicana indudablemente enriquece los medios expresivos, la visibilidad, la diversidad, las vidas y las historias de la y las lesbianas.

[Immunocytochemical studies on the phase of differentiation of hatching gland cells in brine shrimp, Artemia salina].

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ling; Fan, Ting Jun; Wang, Xiao Feng; Cong, Ri Shan; Yu, Qiu Tao; Zhong, Qi Wang

2004-04-01

Hatching enzyme (HE), synthesized in hatching gland cells (HGCs), plays vital roles in animal hatching. Immunocytochemical techniques employing anti-GST-UVS.2 antiserum, prepared from Xenopus HE and with specificity to brine shrimp HE, were first used to investigate the differentiation and variability of hatching gland cells (HGCs) in the hatching process of embryos of brine shrimp, Artemia salina, in this study. HGCs with immunoreactivity to anti-GST-UVS.2 antiserum were identified, for the first time, in brine shrimp embryos during hatching process. Immunocytochemical staining results showed that, (1) HE-positive immunoreactivity is really specific to Artemia HE, and its appearance and disappearance are closely correlated with the hatching process of Artemia salina. (2) Artemia HGCs, first appeared in embryos 5 hours before hatching and disappeared 4 hours after hatching, were also a transient type of cells, with an existence period of 9 hours. (3) The head portion of Artemia embryo is probably the initial position of HE secretion, and likely to be the main position of HE secretion as well. The detailed process and mechanism need to be studied. (4) The appearance of HGCs is in a synchronous mode from places all over the embryos, and their disappearance is also in a synchronous mode. (5) The number of HGCs increased gradually along with embryo development process and reached a maximum number at hatching. Contrarily, the number of HGCs decreased gradually after hatching, and HGCs disappeared 5 hours after hatching. However, the intensity of HE-positive reaction was almost at the same level at the period of HGCs'presence. (6) Artemia HGCs were distributed throughout the body of embryos at all time during their presence. Therefore, it can concluded that Artemia HGCs, as a transient type of cells, first appeared in embryos 4 hours before hatching and disappeared in embryos 5 hours after hatching, and with distinguished patterns of appearance, disappearance and

"Nosotros también somos parte del pueblo": gaitanismo, empleados y la formación histórica de la clase media en Bogotá, 1936-1948

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Ricardo López

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Si bien el gaitanismo ha sido uno de los temas más debatidos en la historiografía colombiana, sorprende la poca cantidad de estudios que se han preocupado por la formación histórica de la clase media durante los años treinta y cuarenta del siglo XX. Más aún, la mayoría de los estudios sobre el populismo en América Latina ofrecen pocas herramientas teóricas o analíticas para comprender las experiencias de aquellos sujetos históricos que se entendieron como parte de una clase media, pues estos análisis asumen una categorización binaria entre "el pueblo y la oligarquía". Al estudiar el caso colombiano, este ensayo intenta mostrar cómo los empleados del sector de servicios se apropiaron de discursos, prácticas e ideas del gaitanismo para identificarse como hombres pertenecientes a una clase media y, como tal, al "pueblo gaitanista". Así, y explorando nuevos documentos históricos de organizaciones políticas de la clase media, este artículo invita a una relectura de la consolidación del populismo gaitanista como práctica política y la formación de una clase media durante los años treinta y cuarenta en Colombia.

Niños en extrema pobreza... ¿socialización deficitaria?Resultado de un estudio empírico en un pueblo joven de Lima

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Schade Burkhard

1989-12-01

Full Text Available Los autores estudian las características de socialización de niños en extrema pobreza provenientes de un pueblo joven de Lima. Utilizando un cuestionario entrevistaron a 30 familias, con un promedio de seis a diez miembros cada una. Los resultados muestran que los niños no tienen un status propio, sino que panicipan y se adaptan a la vida de los adultos. La dimensión emocional no juega un rol significativo, así como las diferencias interindividuales, salvo las de género. Los resultados son discutidos y comparados a los de sociedades industrializadas.

Pseudomonas salina sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake.

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Zhong, Zhi-Ping; Liu, Ying; Hou, Ting-Ting; Liu, Hong-Can; Zhou, Yu-Guang; Wang, Fang; Liu, Zhi-Pei

2015-09-01

A Gram-staining-negative, facultatively aerobic bacterium, strain XCD-X85(T), was isolated from Xiaochaidan Lake, a salt lake (salinity 9.9%, w/v) in Qaidam basin, Qinghai province, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain XCD-X85(T) were non-endospore-forming rods, 0.4-0.6 μm wide and 1.0-1.6 μm long, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain XCD-X85(T) was catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth was observed in the presence of 0-12.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0-2.0%) and at 4-35 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C) and pH 6.5-10.5 (optimum, pH 8.0-8.5). Strain XCD-X85(T) contained (>10%) summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C12 : 0, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the predominant fatty acids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 9 (Q-9). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 57.4 mol%. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain XCD-X85(T) was associated with the genus Pseudomonas, and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Pseudomonas pelagia CL-AP6(T) (99.0%) and Pseudomonas bauzanensis BZ93(T) (96.8%). DNA-DNA relatedness of strain XCD-X85T to P. pelagia JCM 15562(T) was 19 ± 1%. On the basis of the data presented above, it is concluded that strain XCD-X85(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas salina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XCD-X85(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12482(T) = JCM 19469(T)).

Fingerprints in the Great Basin: The Nellis Air Force Base Regional Obsidian Sourcing Study

Science.gov (United States)

2005-01-01

disturbance from the fed- ware made up 14 percent, and Virgin- Kayenta eral action proposed for the project area, the sites Pueblo wares, 12 percent. Only seven...Virgin- Kayenta Pueblo). Most ceramics (53 per- retrieved from two small, temporary camps. Site cent) were found in Unit V, where wares manu...Parowan Fremont wares unearthed from the sites included projectile were predominant (85 percent). Virgin- Kayenta points, drills, bifaces, and

Effects of Light and Temperature on Fatty Acid Production in Nannochloropsis Salina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Van Wagenen, Jonathan M.; Miller, Tyler W.; Hobbs, Samuel J.; Hook, Paul W.; Crowe, Braden J.; Huesemann, Michael H.

2012-03-12

Accurate prediction of algal biofuel yield will require empirical determination of physiological responses to the climate, particularly light and temperature. One strain of interest, Nannochloropsis salina, was subjected to ranges of light intensity (5-850 {mu}mol m{sup -2} s{sup -1}) and temperature (13-40 C); exponential growth rate, total fatty acids (TFA) and fatty acid composition were measured. The maximum acclimated growth rate was 1.3 day{sup -1} at 23 C and 250 {mu}mol m{sup -2} s{sup -1}. Fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) after transesterification to corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). A sharp increase in TFA containing elevated palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) during exponential growth at high light was observed, indicating likely triacylglycerol accumulation due to photo-oxidative stress. Lower light resulted in increases in the relative abundance of unsaturated fatty acids; in thin cultures, increases were observed in palmitoleic and eicosapentaenoeic acids (C20:5{omega}3). As cultures aged and the effective light intensity per cell converged to very low levels, fatty acid profiles became more similar and there was a notable increase of oleic acid (C18:1{omega}9). The amount of unsaturated fatty acids was inversely proportional to temperature, demonstrating physiological adaptations to increase membrane fluidity. This data will improve prediction of fatty acid characteristics and yields relevant to biofuel production.

«Cada página lograda es una letra al más allá». Estudio de la correspondencia Américo Castro-Pedro Salinas

OpenAIRE

Zamarreño Méndez, Fabio

2016-01-01

Este trabajo explora la correspondencia entre Pedro Salinas y Américo Castro a partir de una edición, que, a causa de la legislación vigente respecto de los derechos de autor, no puede ser publicada. Por tanto, aquí encontramos el estudio introductorio, que analiza ese epistolario desde todas las perspectivas: comenzando con un repaso teórico del subgénero epistolar, pronto se explican las dificultades en torno a la reconstrucción cronológica del epistolario. Temáticamente, se analizan difere...

El turismo de naturaleza en espacios naturales. El caso del Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar

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Gustavo A. Ballesteros Pelegrín

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Los espacios naturales atraen a turistas que buscan el contacto con la naturaleza, surgiendo nuevos productos turísticos. Surgen, de este modo, nuevos productos turísticos. En la oferta de turismo de naturaleza del Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar destaca: deportes en la naturaleza, aventura y ecoturismo. Este último se divide en: turismo ornitológico y fotográfico, que junto al tradicional de sol y playa y de salud, se ve favorecido por su situación geográfica, condiciones naturales y amplia oferta hotelera. Sin embargo, el turismo cultural basado en la tradición salinera y pesquera no ha sido desarrollado.

Bulk rock composition and geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Grey Porri Tuff and selected lavas of the Monte dei Porri volcano, Salina, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy

Science.gov (United States)

Doherty, Angela L.; Bodnar, Robert J.; De Vivo, Benedetto; Bohrson, Wendy A.; Belkin, Harvey E.; Messina, Antonia; Tracy, Robert J.

2012-01-01

The Aeolian Islands are an arcuate chain of submarine seamounts and volcanic islands, lying just north of Sicily in southern Italy. The second largest of the islands, Salina, exhibits a wide range of compositional variation in its erupted products, from basaltic lavas to rhyolitic pumice. The Monte dei Porri eruptions occurred between 60 ka and 30 ka, following a period of approximately 60,000 years of repose. The bulk rock composition of the Monte dei Porri products range from basaltic-andesite scoria to andesitic pumice in the Grey Porri Tuff (GPT), with the Monte dei Porri lavas having basaltic-andesite compositions. The typical mineral assemblage of the GPT is calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene (augite), olivine (Fo72−84) and orthopyroxene (enstatite) ± amphibole and Ti-Fe oxides. The lava units show a similar mineral assemblage, but contain lower Fo olivines (Fo57−78). The lava units also contain numerous glomerocrysts, including an unusual variety that contains quartz, K-feldspar and mica. Melt inclusions (MI) are ubiquitous in all mineral phases from all units of the Monte dei Porri eruptions; however, only data from olivine-hosted MI in the GPT are reported here. Compositions of MI in the GPT are typically basaltic (average SiO2 of 49.8 wt %) in the pumices and basaltic-andesite (average SiO2 of 55.6 wt %) in the scoriae and show a bimodal distribution in most compositional discrimination plots. The compositions of most of the MI in the scoriae overlap with bulk rock compositions of the lavas. Petrological and geochemical evidence suggest that mixing of one or more magmas and/or crustal assimilation played a role in the evolution of the Monte dei Porri magmatic system, especially the GPT. Analyses of the more evolved mineral phases are required to better constrain the evolution of the magma.

El Programa Pueblos Mágicos y la sustentabilidad turística; el caso de Cosalá y los eventos “Cosaltazo” y “Cosalazo”

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Juan Pedro Ibarra Michel

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio se enfoca en el análisis de dos eventos el “Cosaltazo” y “Cosalazo” que se desarrollan en la comunidad de Cosalá, Sinaloa, los cuales forman parte del Programa Pueblos Mágicos y constituyen un ejemplo de cómo se puede desviar la orientación sustentable que exigen los lineamientos de dicho programa, que promueve una actividad turística sustentable como eje principal del desarrollo económico de las comunidades elegidas. A partir de la implementación del programa en la comunidad se han puesto en marcha estrategias que han permitido la conservación y restauración del patrimonio cultural y arquitectónico del lugar que puede estar en riesgo por la celebración de dichos eventos. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto en la sustentabilidad de los eventos denominados “Cosalazo” y “Cosaltazo”, en el Pueblo Mágico de Cosalá. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa mediante un estudio de caso, utilizando diversas técnicas de recolección de datos como entrevistas, observación y análisis documental, enfocada a dichos eventos y se obtuvieron resultados que indican que este impacto es mayormente negativo, pues va en contra de la conservación del patrimonio cultural del lugar y pone en relieve la importancia de una mayor coordinación entre los tomadores de decisiones que orienten de forma adecuada la actividad turística para la creación de productos turísticos realmente sustentables.

Estudio del comercio electrónico como estrategia de negocios dentro de las empresas que brindan servicios de hospedaje en el Cantón Salinas, provincia de Santa Elena.

OpenAIRE

Mateo López, Blanca Annabell

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los mecanismos de promoción y comercialización, que utilizan los establecimientos que brindan servicios de hospedaje en Salinas, identificando los medios de comunicación que manejan para potenciar sus negocios. Al conocer que a nivel mundial existen varias estrategias soportadas en medios digitales por parte de los hoteles, se ha determinado la necesidad de los empresarios hoteleros de tener en sus empresas una página web, o mejoras...

ROS and calcium signaling mediated pathways involved in stress responses of the marine microalgae Dunaliella salina to enhanced UV-B radiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xinxin; Tang, Xuexi; Wang, Ming; Zhang, Wei; Zhou, Bin; Wang, You

2017-08-01

UV-B ray has been addressed to trigger common metabolic responses on marine microalgae, however, the upstream events responsible for these changes in marine microalgae are poorly understood. In the present study, a species of marine green microalgae Dunaliella salina was exposed to a series of enhanced UV-B radiation ranging from 0.25 to 1.00 KJ·m -2 per day. The role of ROS and calcium signaling in the D. salina responses to UV-B was discussed. Results showed that enhanced UV-B radiation markedly decreased the cell density in a dose-dependent manner, but the contents of protein and glycerol that were essential for cell growth increased. It suggested that it was cell division instead of cell growth that UV-B exerted negative effects on. The subcellular damages on nuclei and plasmalemma further evidenced the hypothesis. The nutrient absorption was affected with UV-B exposure, and the inhibition on PO 4 3- uptake was more serious compared to NO 3 - uptake. UV-B radiation promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents, decreased the redox status and altered the antioxidant enzyme activities. The addition of the ROS scavenger and the glutathione biosynthesis precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) alleviated the stress degree, implying ROS-mediated pathway was involved in the stress response to UV-B radiation. Transient increase in Ca 2+ -ATPase was triggered simultaneously with UV-B exposure. Meanwhile, the addition of an intracellular free calcium chelator aggravated the damage of cell division, but exogenous calcium and ion channel blocker applications did not, inferring that endogenously initiated calcium signaling played roles in response to UV-B. Cross-talk analysis showed a relatively clear relationship between ROS inhibition and Ca 2+ -ATPase suppression, and a relation between Ca 2+ inhibition and GPx activity change was also observed. It was thus presumed that ROS-coupled calcium signaling via the

Growth of mussels Mytilus edulis at algal (Rhodomonas salina) concentrations below and above saturation level for reduced filtration rate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Riisgård, Hans Ulrik; Pleissner, Daniel; Larsen, Poul Scheel

2013-01-01

Average filtration and growth rates of groups of juvenile Mytilus edulis (n =2545 of 22-35 mm shell length) were measured at different concentrations of an algal cell monoculture in 9 laboratory experiments of duration 14-30 days, 4 experiments below and 5 above the limit of incipient saturation...... concentration (Csat ≈ 6000-7000 Rhodomonas salina cells ml-1). From a nearly constant filtration rate (F ≈ 30 ml min-1 for a 30 mm shell length) at measured algal concentrations below Csat the steady-state filtration rate decreased approximately as 1/C for increasing algal concentrations (C) above Csat...... is exceeded and then as partial valve closure and reduced filtration and growth rates along with production of pseudofaeces. A survey of naturally occurring phytoplankton biomass in the sea shows that this is generally below Csat except for the short spring bloom periods; hence mussels generally feed...

A oposição à atuação brasileira no Paraguai pós-guerra da tríplice aliança: o caso do jornal La voz del pueblo (1870 = The opposition to brazilian performance in Paraguay post war of triple alliance: the case of the newspaper La voz del pueblo (1870

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2017-01-01

Full Text Available Em março de 1870, o presidente paraguaio Francisco Solano Lopez foi assassinado por tropas brasileiras em Cerro Corá, norte do Paraguai. Este episódio marcou o término da guerra entre a Tríplice Aliança (Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai e o Paraguai. A partir de então, o país derrotado ficou ocupado política e militarmente por tropas aliadas até 1876, sendo este período marcado pela desorganização política e social daquela nação. Durante os anos 1869 e 1870, enquanto estava em questão o caráter da Constituição que iria reger o país no futuro, surgiram, em Assunção, os primeiros jornais independentes, os quais deram início à imprensa privada paraguaia. Um destes jornais foi La Voz del Pueblo, órgão representante do Club del Pueblo, pró- Argentina e que assumiu uma postura crítica em relação à atuação das autoridades civis e militares brasileiras em solo guarani. Este artigo objetiva analisar a atuação do referido jornal no conturbado momento político em que circulou, durante os meses de março a setembro de 1870. Embora tenha circulado durante um curto período, este jornal constitui importante fonte histórica para o estudo do Paraguai nos meses que se sucederam à morte de Solano Lopez e antecederam a aprovação da Constituição Nacional, em novembro de 1870

ROMERO SÁNCHEZ, Guadalupe. Los pueblos de indios en Nueva Granada. Granada: Atrio y Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2010, 364 pp.

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Inmaculada Rodríguez Moya

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Todavía hoy en día sigue abrumando a los historiadores del arte la complejidad y vastedad del territorio iberoamericano. Por ello, debemos loar el esfuerzo de aquellos que estudian, y además en profundidad, procesos tan laberínticos como el de la fundación de los llamados pueblos de indios. La obra que nos ocupa, primera de la Colección Atrio Patrimonio dirigida por Rafael López Guzmán, es fruto del laborioso trabajo de Guadalupe Romero, y resultado de sus fascinantes viajes por el territorio del antiguo Virreinato de Nueva Granada. Es consecuencia también del estudio de numerosas y variadas fuentes: contratos, relaciones de visitas, y por supuesto de un análisis certero de las mismas...

LA JUSTICIA ELECTORAL Y LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN MÉXICO. Entre el universalismo de los derechos humanos y el ejercicio de la autonomía

OpenAIRE

Camacho, María Teresa Sierra

2017-01-01

En este texto me propongo analizar los alcances y los límites de la justicia electoral mexicana para el reconocimiento de los derechos políticos de libre determinación de los pueblos indígenas de México en la elección de autoridades municipales. A partir de  la revisión de sentencias de la Sala Superior del máximo Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF) analizo y discuto las formas en que están siendo procesados conflictos electorales que invocan el derecho a realizar e...

Trocas gasosas e conteúdo de carboidratos e compostos nitrogenados em pinhão-manso irrigado com águas residuária e salina

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Antonio Evami Cavalcante Sousa

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações nas trocas gasosas e nos conteúdos de carboidratos e compostos nitrogenados, em pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas irrigado com águas residuária e salina. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições: irrigação plena com água de abastecimento a 0,6 dS m-1 (controle; irrigação plena com água salinizada a 2,4 dS m-1 (SAL; e irrigação com água residuária de esgoto, plena (R100 e a 50% da capacidade de campo (R50. O tratamento R50 reduziu fortemente as trocas gasosas e a área foliar, comparado ao controle, seguido pelos tratamentos SAL e R100. A redução na fotossíntese diminuiu o nível de sacarose nas folhas, nos quatro tratamentos. Os teores de açúcares solúveis aumentaram nos tratamentos R50, SAL e R100, enquanto o conteúdo de amido permaneceu praticamente inalterado. Os conteúdos de prolina e glicina betaína aumentaram nos três tratamentos, mas a última foi mais importante, em termos quantitativos, como protetor celular e osmótico. A irrigação plena com água residuária induz efeitos similares aos causados pela irrigação com água salina. A irrigação limitada com água residuária causa estresse agudo às plantas, provavelmente pela combinação de deficiência hídrica e acúmulo de solutos no solo.

Corrosividade Causada por Soluções Salinas Empregadas na Estabilização Dimensional da Madeira

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Juarez Benigno Paes

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a corrosividade de soluções salinas antes e depois de sua impregnação na madeira. Soluções com 5% de concentração de cloreto de lítio, carbonato de sódio, sulfato de magnésio, sulfato de zinco e sulfato de cobre II foram mantidas durante 6 horas, a 25 °C, 45 °C e 100 °C em contato com amostras de 1,25 cm × 0,1 cm × 7,5 cm (largura × espessura × comprimento produzidas com chapas de aço carbono antes e depois de seu contato com amostras de madeira de Corymbia torelliana e Eucalyptus cloeziana. Não se observou efeito da temperatura na corrosão das soluções puras. Depois do contato com a madeira houve incremento da corrosividade para as soluções de sulfato de zinco e de cobre II. O sulfato de cobre II ocasionou a maior perda de massa nas chapas, não sendo recomendado seu contato com superfícies metálicas, como usinas de tratamento e câmaras de secagem de madeira.

Variabilidade sazonal dos constituintes da própolis vermelha e bioatividade em Artermia salina

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Lívio César Cunha Nunes

Full Text Available A própolis é uma substância resinosa coletada pelas abelhas de diversas partes das plantas. Sua composição depende da época, vegetação e local de coleta. Apresenta diversas atividades biológicas como antimicrobiana, antioxidante, antitumoral, dentre outras. Foi realizado estudo da variabilidade sazonal, nos meses de fevereiro, junho e outubro de 2006, dos constituintes voláteis da própolis vermelha de Pernambuco através da extração por headspace dinâmico e identificação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada com espectrometria de massas (CG-EM. Foram identificados 34 constituintes voláteis, sendo monoterpenos e monoterpenóides, sesquiterpenos e sesquiterpenóides, fenilpropanóides, aldeídos, cetonas e η-alcanos. Os constituintes majoritários foram o trans-anetol, α-copaeno e o metil cis-isoeugenol. Também foi realizado o perfil fitoquímico por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD, através da qual os constituintes fenólicos foram identificados como majoritários. Com o extrato bruto metanólico da própolis, realizou-se o ensaio de letalidade em Artemia salina, que demonstrou DL50 de 18,9 µg/mL, sugerindo uma possível atividade antitumoral.

La protesta legítima-un crimen? : Un análisis de la criminalización de la lucha de los pueblos Mapuches y de los anarquistas en Chile

OpenAIRE

Bretón, Cecilia

2011-01-01

La presente investigación pretende estudiar la criminalización de dos grupos marginalizados en la sociedad chilena de hoy. El movimiento Mapuche y los anarquistas, ambos acusados pos actos terroristas bajo la Ley Antiterrorista, ley promulgada durante la dictadura militar en Chile. La acción social y protesta política de los movimientos populares, sociales y políticos ha resultado en una de las estrategias más efectivas que los pueblos pueden utilizar para luchar contra su pobreza y contra la...

Rainfall leaching is critical for long-term use of recycled water in the Salinas Valley

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Belinda E. Platts

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In 1998, Monterey County Water Recycling Projects began delivering water to 12,000 acres in the northern Salinas Valley. Two years later, an ongoing study began assessing the effects of the recycled water on soil salinity. Eight sites are receiving recycled water and a control site is receiving only well water. In data collected from 2000 to 2012, soil salinity of the 36-inch-deep profile was on average approximately double that of the applied water, suggesting significant leaching from applied water (irrigation or rainfall. In this study, we investigated some of the soil water hydrology factors possibly controlling the soil salinity results. Using soil water balance modeling, we found that rainfall had more effect on soil salinity than did leaching from irrigation. Increasing applied water usually only correlated significantly with soil salinity parameters in the shallow soil profile (1 to 12 inches depth and at 24 to 36 inches at sites receiving fairly undiluted recycled water. Winter rains, though, had a critical effect. Increasing rainfall depths were significantly correlated with decreasing soil salinity of the shallow soil at all test sites, though this effect also diminished with increased soil depth. When applied water had high salinity levels, winter rainfall in this area was inadequate to prevent soil salinity from increasing.

El estado de salud del pueblo gitano en España: una revisión de la bibliografía

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Ferrer F.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El pueblo gitano es una minoría étnica establecida en España desde el siglo xv. En la actualidad, este colectivo presenta desigualdades sociales, económicas y sanitarias respecto al resto de la población. Es sabida la necesidad de realizar intervenciones de salud entre ellos. Objetivo: Determinar sobre qué aspectos de la salud en los gitanos españoles se ha interesado la bibliografía medicocientífica, y si se han estudiado sus diferencias étnicas y las desigualdades sociales en salud. Método: Realizamos una revisión de la bibliografía publicada en los últimos 20 años. Se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda internacional en Medline, ampliándose a las publicaciones de difusión nacional o local mediante la base de datos IME-CSIC (Índice Médico Español e Internet. Resultados: Se han encontrado 96 publicaciones válidas sobre la salud entre los gitanos españoles, de las cuales 62 se han publicado en revistas españolas, y 47 en los últimos 6 años. Cincuenta y siete trabajos se han realizado en un hospital, 20 en una unidad de salud pública y 13 en centros de atención primaria. El 88% son estudios observacionales. Los temas más frecuentes han sido los estudios genéticos y de anomalías congénitas (30%, enfermedades transmisibles (21%, salud infantil (11% y sociología de la salud (11%. El 57% de los trabajos refiere alguna desigualdad social en salud. Discusión: El pueblo gitano español constituye un grupo de riesgo en salud debido a factores étnicos y genéticos, pero también estas personas presentan graves desigualdades sociales en salud en relación con la mortalidad y la morbilidad en enfermedades transmisibles, crónicas y ambientales, lo que generalmente se ha achacado a factores socioeconómicos y culturales, así como a un escaso acceso a los servicios sanitarios y a una poca utilización de éstos.

Effect of temperature and viscosity on swimming velocity of the copepod Acartia tonsa, brine shrimp Artemia salina and rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Poul Scheel; Madsen, C.V.; Riisgard, H.U.

2008-01-01

Beating cilia are important organelles for swimming in many zooplanktonic aquatic organisms, including many invertebrate larvae, rotifers and ciliates, but other planktonic organisms, such as copepods and brine shrimps, use muscle-powered swimming appendages. In recent studies we found...... of swimming velocity for a 10 degrees C temperature reduction) that is found to be largest for the brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplius (37 %) and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (26%), but negligible for the copepod Acartia tonsa (4%). We suggest that experimental data on change in swimming velocity (V......) due to change in kinematic viscosity (v) be correlated in terms of a power law, V proportional to v(-m). The present data on swimming velocity of copepods, brine shrimps and rotifers show values of exponent m approximate to 1.5 to 3, with a trend of decreasing values for increasing size of species...

De caciques hereditarios a alcaldes y mandones electos. Legitimidad del poder local en los pueblos de indios constituidos con una base étnica, en el valle del río Cauca (1675-1800

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Héctor Manuel Cuevas Arenas

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El autor analiza el cambio de la herencia hacia la elección y el consenso local —vistos éstos como elementos legitimadores de acceso al poder—, en pueblos de indios del valle del río Cauca durante el segundo tercio del siglo XVIII. Para ello se analizaron los motivos de sus pleitos y su procesamiento, junto a los lenguajes de autoridad en los documentos concernientes a los indios. Asimismo, se revisaron las cuentas de tributos. Ante la presión de las deudas tributarias, de un entorno de migraciones indias y de la reacomodación de lealtades y fidelidades con el fin de la encomienda, los pueblos estudiados adoptaron un sistema de gobierno local más flexible que no comprometiera tantos recursos familiares y locales, como el de alcaldes y mandones electos, para afrontar un contexto cambiante en lo económico y político. Con ello se completó la trasformación de identidades étnicas diferenciadas a las generadas por la categoría social y jurídica de “indio”. La información se procesó con aportes metodológicos del análisis del discurso, la etnohistoria y el enfoque cualitativo.

La participación de los pueblos indígenas en los proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo de la Comisión Europea: los casos de México y Guatemala

OpenAIRE

Martínez Espinoza, Manuel Ignacio

2011-01-01

[ES]La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo estudiar la participación de los pueblos indígenas de México y Guatemala en dos proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo financiados por la Comisión Europea e implementados en dichos países. [EN]This doctoral thesis aims to study the participation of indigenous peoples of Mexico and Guatemala in two development cooperation projects funded by the European Commission and implemented in those countries.

Growth of mono- and mixed cultures of Nannochloropsis salina and Phaeodactylum tricornutum on struvite as a nutrient source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davis, Ryan W. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Siccardi, Anthony J. [Texas AgriLife Research Mariculture Lab., Corpus Christi, TX (United States); Huysman, Nathan D. [Texas AgriLife Research Mariculture Lab., Corpus Christi, TX (United States); Wyatt, Nicholas B. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Hewson, John C. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Lane, Todd W. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

2015-09-26

In this paper, the suitability of crude and purified struvite (MgNH₄PO₄), a major precipitate in wastewater streams, was investigated for renewable replacement of conventional nitrogen and phosphate resources for cultivation of microalgae. Bovine effluent wastewater stone, the source of crude struvite, was characterized for soluble N/P, trace metals, and biochemical components and compared to the purified mineral. Cultivation trials using struvite as a major nutrient source were conducted using two microalgae production strains, Nannochloropsis salina and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, in both lab and outdoor pilot-scale raceways in a variety of seasonal conditions. Both crude and purified struvite-based media were found to result in biomass productivities at least as high as established media formulations (maximum outdoor co-culture yield ~20 ± 4 g AFDW/m²/day). Finally, analysis of nutrient uptake by the alga suggest that struvite provides increased nutrient utilization efficiency, and that crude struvite satisfies the trace metals requirement and results in increased pigment productivity for both microalgae strains.

EL PAN VS. SALINAS O EL DILEMA DEL PRISIONERO: REFORMA INSTITUCIONAL Y COOPERACIÓN COMO ESTRATEGIA POLÍTICA

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Alicia Gómez López

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza, desde el punto de vista de la teoría de juegos, la estrategia que el Partido Acción Nacional desarrolló frente al gobierno de Carlos Salinas de Gortari luego de la turbulenta elección presidencial de 1988. El objetivo es demostrar que entre estos adversarios se estableció un tipo de juego cuyo modelo a menudo se utiliza para analizar procesos de transición: el Dilema del prisionero, con un desenlace, al menos en este caso, cooperativo. Como en todo dilema, en este juego la posibilidad de la cooperación implica la existencia de un escenario aceptable para ambos adversarios, pese a que en primer lugar se busquen resultados opuestos. En este caso, dicho escenario se relaciona con el hecho de que el objetivo central en la estrategia panista era lograr reformas institucionales que hicieran avanzar la transición mexicana, de manera que le fuera posible llegar al poder; un objetivo cuya materia —las reformas institucionales— resultaba perfectamente negociable para su adversario presidencial.

Ground-Water Quality Data in the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins, California, 2005 - Results from the California GAMA Program

Science.gov (United States)

Kulongoski, Justin T.; Belitz, Kenneth

2007-01-01

Ground-water quality in the approximately 1,000-square-mile Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley study unit was investigated from July through October 2005 as part of the California Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) program. The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 94 public-supply wells and 3 monitoring wells in Monterey, Santa Cruz, and San Luis Obispo Counties. Ninety-one of the public-supply wells sampled were selected to provide a spatially distributed, randomized monitoring network for statistical representation of the study area. Six wells were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry: three wells along a ground-water flow path were sampled to evaluate lateral changes, and three wells at discrete depths from land surface were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry with depth from land surface. The ground-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, pesticide degradates, nutrients, major and minor ions, trace elements, radioactivity, microbial indicators, and dissolved noble gases (the last in collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, carbon-14, helium-4, and the isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen) also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water. In total, 270 constituents and water-quality indicators were investigated for this study. This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain water quality. In addition, regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. In this study, only six constituents, alpha radioactivity, N

The laboratory environmental algae pond simulator (LEAPS) photobioreactor: Validation using outdoor pond cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana and Nannochloropsis salina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huesemann, M.; Williams, P.; Edmundson, S.; Chen, P.; Kruk, R.; Cullinan, V.; Crowe, B.; Lundquist, T.

2017-09-01

A bench-scale photobioreactor system, termed Laboratory Environmental Algae Pond Simulator (LEAPS), was designed and constructed to simulate outdoor pond cultivation for a wide range of geographical locations and seasons. The LEAPS consists of six well-mixed glass column photobioreactors sparged with CO2-enriched air to maintain a set-point pH, illuminated from above by a programmable multicolor LED lighting (0 to 2,500 µmol/m2-sec), and submerged in a temperature controlled water-bath (-2 °C to >60 °C). Measured incident light intensities and water temperatures deviated from the respective light and temperature set-points on average only 2.3% and 0.9%, demonstrating accurate simulation of light and temperature conditions measured in outdoor ponds. In order to determine whether microalgae strains cultured in the LEAPS exhibit the same linear phase biomass productivity as in outdoor ponds, Chlorella sorokiniana and Nannochloropsis salina were cultured in the LEAPS bioreactors using light and temperature scripts measured previously in the respective outdoor pond studies. For Chlorella sorokiniana, the summer season biomass productivity in the LEAPS was 6.6% and 11.3% lower than in the respective outdoor ponds in Rimrock, Arizona, and Delhi, California; however, these differences were not statistically significant. For Nannochloropsis salina, the winter season biomass productivity in the LEAPS was statistically significantly higher (15.2%) during the 27 day experimental period than in the respective outdoor ponds in Tucson, Arizona. However, when considering only the first 14 days, the LEAPS biomass productivity was only 9.2% higher than in the outdoor ponds, a difference shown to be not statistically significant. Potential reasons for the positive or negative divergence in LEAPS performance, relative to outdoor ponds, are discussed. To demonstrate the utility of the LEAPS in predicting productivity, two other strains – Scenedesmus obliquus and Stichococcus minor

Data as a Strategic Resource: Self-determination, Governance, and the Data Challenge for Indigenous Nations in the United States

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Stephanie Carroll Rainie

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Data about Indigenous populations in the United States are inconsistent and irrelevant. Federal and state governments and researchers direct most collection, analysis, and use of data about U.S. Indigenous populations. Indigenous Peoples’ justified mistrust further complicates the collection and use of these data. Nonetheless, tribal leaders and communities depend on these data to inform decision making. Reliance on data that do not reflect tribal needs, priorities, and self-conceptions threatens tribal self-determination. Tribal data sovereignty through governance of data on Indigenous populations is long overdue. This article provides two case studies of the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe and their demographic and socioeconomic data initiatives to create locally and culturally relevant data for decision making.

Las flores del desierto. Opciones de vida en pueblos de la región central de Sonora

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Ma. Amalia Gracia

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Aunque la búsqueda de las localidades rurales por generar opciones de vida se observa en el esfuerzo de algunos pobladores, en México la política pública se restringe a ofrecer garantías sociales; le deja al mercado la creación de alternativas económicas, que no alcanzan para producir desarrollo local y regional. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre esto, a partir de una iniciativa de trabajo asociativo surgida hace más de seis años en pueblos de la región central del norte de Sonora, y muestra cómo se resuelven temporal y dinámicamente las tensiones entre prácticas de cooperación y reciprocidad y las de intercambio con el mercado utilizando postulados teóricos de distintas disciplinas, retomadas por las propuestas de economía solidaria. El caso ilustra las dificultades, riqueza y potencialidad de iniciativas como ésta, y la importancia del apoyo gubernamental en localidades a las que la baja capacidad económica y la generalización del narcotráfico las vuelve frágiles para contrarrestar procesos profundos de despoblamiento.

Laboratory scale photobioreactor for high production of microalgae Rhodomonas salina used as food for intensive copepod cultures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thuy, Minh Vu Thi; Jepsen, Per Meyer; Hansen, Benni Winding

Introduction Microalgae are essential feeds for many cultured molluscs, larvae of marine fishes, crustaceans as well as other important live feeds including rotifers, Artemia and copepods (Muller-Feuga, 2000). Microalgae are grown either in open culture systems (ponds) or closed systems (photobio......Introduction Microalgae are essential feeds for many cultured molluscs, larvae of marine fishes, crustaceans as well as other important live feeds including rotifers, Artemia and copepods (Muller-Feuga, 2000). Microalgae are grown either in open culture systems (ponds) or closed systems...... for copepods (Støttrup and Jensen, 1990; Zhang et al., 2013). Despite the benefit of using R. salina in cultivation of copepods, to our knowledge, there is no report on the production of this microalga at industrial scale to supply sufficient food for mass production of copepods. We intend to conduct the basic...... was cultivated continuously at temperature of 20ºC and salinity of 30ppt in two tubular PBRs with addition of CO2. The experiment was run two times and each PBR in 18 - 30 days. Periodically, the algae were sampled for analyzing the growth, biochemical composition and production. An exponential light model...

Topography and stoichiometry of acidic proteins in large ribosomal subunits from Artemia salina as determined by crosslinking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uchiumi, T.; Wahba, A.J.; Traut, R.R.

1987-01-01

The 60S subunits isolated from Artemia salina ribosomes were treated with the crosslinking reagent 2-iminothiolane under mild conditions. Proteins were extracted and fractions containing crosslinked acidic proteins were obtained by stepwise elution from CM-cellulose. Each fraction was analyzed by diagonal (two-dimensional nonreducing-reducing) NaDodSO 4 /polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Crosslinked proteins below the diagonal were radioiodinated and identified by two-dimensional acidic urea-NaDodSO 4 gel electrophoresis. Each of the acidic proteins P1 and P2 was crosslinked individually to the same third protein, PO. The fractions containing acidic proteins were also analyzed by two-dimensional nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing-NaDodSO 4 /polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two crosslinked complexes were observed that coincide in isoelectric positions with monomeric P1 and P2, respectively. Both P1 and P2 appear to form crosslinked homodimers. These results suggest the presence in the 60S subunit of (P1) 2 and (P2) 2 dimers, each of which is anchored to PO. Protein PO appears to play the same role as L10 in Escherichia coli ribosomes and may form a pentameric complex with the two dimers in the 60S subunits

Desenvolvimento vegetativo do pepino enxertado irrigado com água salina Vegetative development on grafted cucumber plants irrigated with saline water

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Marcos Vinícius Folegatti

2000-09-01

Full Text Available A salinização dos solos em ambiente protegido devido ao excesso de fertilizantes e falta de lixiviação tem resultado na redução da produtividade das culturas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com água salina no desenvolvimento vegetativo do pepino enxertado cultivado em ambiente protegido. Foram utilizadas águas de diferentes salinidades (S1=1,58; S2=3,08 e S3=5,13 dS m-1, lâminas de água de irrigação (L0=1,00 x ETc e L1=1,25 x ETc e freqüências de aplicação da lâmina L1 (F1=em todas as irrigações e F2=quando a lâmina de água de irrigação acumulada em L0 atingia 100 mm. Os resultados demonstraram que a altura das plantas, área foliar unitária e índice de área foliar foram afetados linearmente pela salinidade da água, não apresentando diferença para as diferentes lâminas e frequências de aplicação de L1.Greenhouse soil salinization by excessive fertilization and lack of leaching has been a common cause of cucumber yield reduction in Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water on the vegetative development of grafted cucumber plants in a greenhouse. Three water salinities (S1=1.58; S2=3.08 e S3=5.13 dS m-1, two irrigation water depths (L0=1.00 x ETc e L1=1.25 x ETc and two application frequencies of L1 (F1=in all irrigations and F2=when the irrigation water depth of L0 reached 100 mm were used. Irrigation water depths and frequencies of L1 were grouped and, therefore, the experimental design was in a factorial scheme 3x3, with randomized blocks. Results showed that plant height, unit leaf area and leaf area index were linearly affected by water salinity. No differences were observed for the various irrigation water depths and frequencies of L1 application.

HACIA UN MODELO DE DESARROLLO TURÍSTICO ALTERNATIVO EN LOS PUEBLOS BALNEARIOS DEL SUDESTE BONAERENSE

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Facundo Martín Hernández

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El modelo de desarrollo turístico en las urbanizaciones del litoral marítimo bonaerense ha generado, desde fines del siglo XIX, una serie de problemáticas sociales, económicas y ambientales. El análisis de estas nos lleva a pensar al turismo en forma crítica, ya que al indagar los cuatro elementos constitutivos del mismo – paisaje, tierras, inversión (capital y trabajo- nos da como resultado un ineficiente manejo del recurso paisajístico, una intensa especulación inmobiliaria, inversiones sin un adecuado marco normativo, concentración de las riquezas generadas por la actividad y explotación laboral. La existencia de sectores que no se encuentran bajo este modelo de desarrollo turístico, –o con menor intensidad- en el litoral marítimo, están conformados por los llamados pueblos balnearios (Reta, Orense, Marisol, San Cayetano. Estos a diferencia de las ciudades balnearias (Mar del Plata, Villa Gesell, Pinamar, predominantemente masivas, y las villas balnearias, de carácter exclusivista (Mar Azul, Mar de las Pampas, Cariló, tienen el paisaje natural costero conservado, la venta de tierras en el frente costero limitado, desarrollo de PYMES turísticas, trabajo familiar y una mayor distribución de las ganancias. Sin embargo al investigar los proyectos de urbanización privada –countries y barrios privados- se puede observar un proceso que hemos definido como “avance de la frontera urbana” que tiene dos connotaciones socioterritoriales: eliminar los relictos de paisaje natural costero bonaerense y privatizar espacios de belleza escénica. Se partió de la siguiente hipótesis de trabajo: el paisaje natural y el tipo de sociabilidad es la base del desarrollo turístico en los pueblos balnearios, el avance del modelo urbano-turístico, opuesto a estas características, representa un riesgo para la economía local. Para prevenir el avance de un modelo agresivo con el ambiente natural, con la comunidad local y la turística se

Arqueología de un espacio habitado, trabajado y defendido. El sistema fortificado de Salinas de Añana (Álava

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Plata Montero, Alberto

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The stratigraphic analysis of the wall of the village of Salinas de Añana (Álava together with the excavations within its fortified area have offered a lot of information about the evolution of its built environment from the Early Medieval period until now. This research paper consists of two parts. Main recorded phases obtained thanks to the archaeological work are firstly described. Comprehension of spatial order resulted after the foundation of a village at the beginnings of the 12th century and the gathering of several hamlets that since the Late Antiquity populated, worked and defended the Valle Salado, is exposed in the second part. In order to understand this process, space syntax analysis, methodology developed within English scientific context, has been applied, showing an special attention to those instruments which enable to determine a global pattern of settlements (Alpha analysis, because this pattern links the social logic of space with the spatial logic of the society that created it.La lectura estratigráfica de la muralla de la villa alavesa de Salinas de Añana, así como la ejecución de excavaciones en su recinto fortificado, nos han proporcionado abundante información sobre la evolución de su paisaje construido desde la Alta Edad Media hasta la actualidad. La investigación que presentamos se divide en dos partes. En la primera, describimos las principales fases documentadas durante la intervención arqueológica. En la segunda, nos hemos centrado en comprender el ordenamiento espacial resultante tras el proceso de fundación de una villa creada a principios del siglo XII en la que, además, se agruparon las distintas comunidades aldeanas que desde la Tardoantigüedad habitaban, trabajaban y defendían el Valle Salado. Para ello, hemos empleado la metodología del «Análisis Sintáctico del Espacio» desarrollada en el mundo anglosajón, prestando una especial atención a las herramientas dirigidas a determinar el patr

Estudo fitoquímico e bioensaio toxicológico frente a larvas de Artemia salina Leach. de três espécies medicinais do gênero Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae

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J. E. Nascimento

2009-02-01

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Avaliou-se o perfil fitoquímico e a toxicidade de três espécies do gênero Phyllanthus (P. niruri, P. amarus e P. tenellus, coletadas em diferentes localidades do estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. Os extratos brutos das três espécies foram submetidos a testes convencionais por cromatografia em camada delgada analítica para verificação das classes de metabólitos presentes, e testados frente a larvas de Artemia salina para obtenção das concentrações letais médias (CL50. Os testes fitoquímicos demonstraram a presença de flavonóides, saponinas, terpenos, naftoquinonas, alcalóides, antraquinonas, lignanas e taninos. As três espécies de Phyllanthus apresentaram variações na composição fitoquímica e na toxicidade frente a A. salina. Dependendo do local de coleta, os valores de CL50 variaram de 404,43 ± 49,64 µg/mL a 770,84 ± 51,78 µg/mL para P. niruri, 837,65 ± 61,45 µg/mL a 1075,89 ± 70,72 µg/mL para P. amarus e 534,60 ± 46,83 µg/mL a 1003,62 ± 65,15 µg/mL para P. tenellus. Palavras-chave: Phyllanthus niruri; Phyllanthus amarus,/i>; Phyllanthus tenellus; análise fitoquímica preliminar; bioensaio toxicológico; CL50

Produção e indicadores fisiológicos de alface sob hidroponia com água salina Production and physiologic indicators of lettuce grown in hydroponics with saline water

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Dalva Paulus

2010-03-01

Full Text Available O uso de água salina na produção de hortaliças constitui no momento atividade essencial, tendo em vista o aumento da demanda de água doce, tanto pela atividade agrícola quanto pelo abastecimento urbano e industrial. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção e os indicadores fisiológicos de alface cultivada em hidroponia com a utilização de água salina. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, em Piracicaba-SP. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, sendo estudados os efeitos de cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação, utilizando-se NaCl [Condutividade elétrica (Cea: 0,42, 1,53, 3,52, 5,55 e 7,43 dS m-1] em duas cultivares de alface (Verônica e Pira Roxa, em esquema fatorial. Foram determinadas massa fresca e seca de folhas, caule, raízes e da parte aérea; teor de nitrato, prolina e clorofila. O aumento da salinidade da água reduziu linearmente as massas fresca e seca das folhas, caule, raízes e da parte aérea. As massas fresca e seca foram 36% e 57% superiores na cultivar Verônica, respectivamente. A cultivar Pira Roxa apresentou maior teor de nitrato 25% (3008 mg L-1, clorofila total 50% (1,46 mg g-1massa fresca e prolina, 71,43% (0,21 µM g-1massa fresca-1 em relação à Verônica, o que pode ser um mecanismo de adaptação daquela cultivar ao estresse salino. Com relação à produtividade comercial, obteve-se uma perda de 69 e 64% para as cultivares Pira Roxa e Verônica, quando se utilizou água mais salina (7,43 dS m-1. Em relação à produção de massa seca, a perda pelo uso dessa água foi de 53% e 44%, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos em sistema de cultivo hidropônico podem indicar a possibilidade do uso da água salina como alternativa para produção de hortaliças para produtores que têm disponibilidade de água salina e restrita disponibilidade de água doce, embora com redução na produtividade.The use of saline water in the production of vegetables constitutes

Reflexiones ético-políticas sobre los derechos colectivos de los pueblos indígenas; Reflexões ético-políticas sobre os direitos coletivos dos povos indígenas; Ethical-political reflections on the collective rights of indigenous peoples

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Ana Luisa Guerrero Guerrero

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En esta ocasión abordaré algunas cuestiones sobre las implicaciones ético-políticas del reconocimiento internacional de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, ya que en ellos se encuentran concepciones que enriquecen la defensa de la integridad humana y que vienen a ser un eje de sustento que se incorpora al ya existente de la tradición occidental moderna de los derechos humanos, acontecimiento que motiva reflexiones sobre las relaciones entre el poder político y estos pueblos en nuestra región. Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos, pueblos indígenas, política   Resumo: Nesta ocasião, abordarei algumas questões sobre as implicações ético-políticas do reconhecimento internacional dos direitos dos povos indígenas, uma vez que contêm conceitos que enriquecem a defesa da integridade humana e que se tornam um eixo de subsistência incorporado para a atual tradição ocidental moderna dos direitos humanos, evento que motiva as reflexões sobre as relações entre o poder político e essas pessoas em nossa região. Palavras-chave: Direitos humanos, povos indígenas, política   Abstrac: On this occasion I will address some questions about the ethical-political implications of the international recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples, since they contain concepts that enrich the defense of human integrity and that become an axis of livelihood that is incorporated to the existing one of the modern western tradition of the human rights, event that motivates reflections on the relations between the political power and these people in our region. Keywords: Human rights, indigenous peoples, politics

Avaliação de extratos de macroalgas bênticas do litoral catarinense utilizando o teste de letalidade para Artemia salina

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Cintia Lhullier

Full Text Available Foram coletadas amostras de algas marinhas de 19 espécies (sendo 4 pertencentes ao filo Chlorophyta, 5 ao filo Phaeophyta e 10 ao filo Rhodophyta em dois locais do litoral catarinense. Os extratos etanólicos foram submetidos ao teste de letalidade para larvas de Artemia salina com objetivo de realizar uma triagem das espécies. Dos 26 extratos testados, 25 apresentaram toxicidade significativa em pelo menos uma das 3 concentrações testadas. O grupo de algas vermelhas (Rhodophyta foi o que obteve maior porcentagem de extratos com resultados estatisticamente significativos pelo método do qui-quadrado e também menores valores de CL50, com destaque para Acanthophora spicifera, Hypnea musciformis e Pterocladiella capillacea. Observaram-se diferenças entre as espécies de um mesmo gênero (Codium decorticatum e Codium isthmocladium e também a influência de fatores ambientais (Hypnea musciformis na toxicidade dos extratos.

The Cytotoxicity Study of Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS) of Sago Starch (Metro xylon sago) by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (Artemia salina nauplii)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ibrahim Ijang; Fazliana Mohd Saaya; Zainon Othman

2014-01-01

CMS can be produced by substitution of the hydroxyl groups with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of strong alkali. Carboxy methylation can be performed in water as a solvent or in a water-miscible organic solvent containing a small amount of water such as ethanol, isopropanol, methanol or toluene. The use of organic solvent will preserve the final product in the granular form and the side product can be washed out easily but some of them may be having potential toxicity and carcinogenic effect. In this study, CMS was investigated the level of toxicity by using brine shrimp lethality (BSLT). Brine shrimp test method was used to screen CMS for their biological activity. The screening results showed that the LC50, of CMS is more than 100 mg/ ml dose concentration. In conclusion, CMS is not cytotoxicity to Artemia salina nauplii and BSLT method is simple, inexpensive and convenient assay for the detection of cytotoxic compound. (author)

¿De qué se ríe el pueblo? La crisis del régimen stronista en las caricaturas del semanario del partido revolucionario febrerista en Paraguay (1984-1987

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Lorena Marina Soler

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza el humor gráfico del semanario El Pueblo del Partido Revolucio-nario Febrerista en Paraguay en los tramos fina-les del régimen stronista (1984-1987 y, especí-ficamente, el papel que jugaron las ilustraciones y caricaturas como espacio de subversión al orden político. Propone como hipótesis que el fenómeno editorial del semanario se debió al encuentro de una mirada renovadora de un dibujante extranjero que en un horizonte de apertura democrática hizo que los nuevos sec-tores medios y urbanos de Asunción encontra-ran en el humor y la risa la manera de escapar de la opacidad conservadora impuesta por el stronismo.Palabras clave: Paraguay, dictadura, Stroessner, resistencia, humor gráfico.___________________Abstract: The articule analyces the graphic hu-mor of El Pueblo weekly written by “Partido Revolucionario Febrerista” in Paraguay towards the end of the Stroessner regime (1984/1987 and, specifically, the role played by the art-works and cartoons as a place for political sub-version. It also proposes as hypotheses that the publishing phenomenon of the weekly was due to the meeting of a renewed look of a foreign artist in a horizon of democratic opening that made Asunción´s new urban-middle class found humor andlaugh as a way to escape from the conservative opacity imposed by the stronismo.Keywords: Paraguay, dictartorship, Stroessner, resistance, graphic humor.

Teoría y práctica del personaje histórico: 1968, el personaje histórico y el trabajo de memoria. El caso de Tizoc, emperador de Pablo Salinas (1970)

OpenAIRE

Meyrán, Daniel

2007-01-01

Tizoc, tlatoani de México-Tenochtitlan (1481-1486) me permite plantear el problema del papel teórico del personaje histórico puesto en escena en el teatro mexicano contemporáneo, como actor metafórico en el deber de memoria sobre 1968 y la masacre de Tlatelolco. Veremos cómo Pablo Salinas se sirve del personaje «antihistórico» para recordar con imaginación en el teatro su propio presente. Tizoc, the tlatoani of México-Tenochtitlan (1481-1486), raises the problem of the theoreti...

Comportamiento geoquímico de las formaciones salinas bajo el efecto de la temperatura y la irradiación

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Pueyo, J. J.

1993-08-01

Full Text Available The production of radiation induced defects, as well as fluid migration (brine and gases, are the most relevant phenomena due to the combined effects of heat and irradiation in repositories emplaced in rock salt. In order to gain knowledge of these phenomena, laboratory experiments on samples coming from the Sallent Mine (Barcelona have been performed. The water content ranges between 0.04 and 1.00 %. Nevertheless, smaller releases of brine are expected, since part of it is present in fluid inclusions of a size below 100 µm. The chemical composition of the brine, which is a key issue in the study of container corrosion, is in the case of the fluid inc1usions enriched in magnesium (1.15 mol/l and potassium (0.31 mol/l. The study of the gas content reveals the absence of toxic gases and the scarcity of hydrogen and methane. Finally, the amount of radiation induced defects, which are controlled by the mineralogical composition of the rock salt, is similar to those obtained with the Jain-Lidiard model.La generación de defectos cristalinos y la migración de las fases fluidas (salmueras y gases, son los efectos más relevantes de la irradiación y la temperatura sobre una formación salina, susceptible de albergar un almacenamiento de residuos radiactivos. Para determinar dichos efectos se ha puesto a punto la metodología necesaria y se ha verificado sobre muestras salinas de la mina de Sallent (Barcelona. El contenido en agua oscila entre 0,04 y 1 %. Sin embargo, la cantidad de salmuera susceptible de migrar será inferior a la total, debido a que parte de esta se encuentra en inclusiones fluidas inferiores a 100 µm. La composición química de la salmuera, factor clave para el estudio de corrosión de contenedores, es de carácter magnésico (1,15 moles/litro y potásico (0,31 moles/litro en el caso de las inclusiones. El análisis de los gases presentes indica la ausencia de gases tóxicos y concentraciones muy bajas de hidrógeno y metano

Obstáculos al reconocimiento constitucional de los pueblos y comunidades afromexicanas: ¿objeciones del racismo?

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Gabriela Iturralde

2017-12-01

Full Text Available En este texto se reflexiona en torno de las formas de expresión del racismo hacia las personas afrodescendientes en México: invisibilización, extranjerización e hipervisibilización y la relación de estas ideas y prácticas con los obstáculos que hasta ahora ha enfrentado la demanda de reconocimiento constitucional. Las reflexiones que se ofrecen resultan del dialogo disciplinario entre la historia y la antropología. Por una parte, hay una aproximación desde los estudios historiográficos para documentar el desarrollo de estereotipos e ideas de corte racista hacia las personas afrodescendientes en el siglo XIX en México. Por otra, se ha realizado un trabajo permanente de observación participativa y registro de las acciones colectivas afromexicanas que se desarrollan tanto en las regiones en donde se encuentran asentadas la mayoría de las organizaciones sociales afromexicanas (Costa Chica de Guerrero y Oaxaca como en sus interacciones con las instituciones gubernamentales y otros ámbitos de gestión política. Las objeciones ue se esgrimen en contra del reconocimiento constitucional de los pueblos y comunidades afromexicanas son consistentes con algunos de los elementos que históricamente caracterizan las expresiones del racismo hacia las personas afromexicanas.

Memorias íntimas y espacio social: el pueblo de Peyruis (Francia a mediados del siglo XX

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Alain Musset

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Los lugares destacados juegan un papel fundamental en la organización simbólica del territorio y en su puesta en conformidad con la historia oficial. Son la expresión de una identidad colectiva que se expresa a diferentes niveles tanto sociológicos como políticos, desde la nación hasta la familia (escala de análisis hasta entonces poco estudiada. Con el propósito de ver cómo el espacio-tiempo de los individuos se articula con el espacio-tiempo de la sociedad, he emprendi- do una investigación cuyo tema y objeto es mi propia familia y su cuna lugareña, Peyruis (Francia, antiguo departamento de los Alpes Bajos. Al reconstruir la geografía íntima de tres hermanas y su hermano en este pueblo provenzal de los años 1940, pasamos de los lugares institucionales de la memoria a una memoria de los lugares comunes y corrientes, lugares de la trivialidad no relacionados con el culto periódico de los recuerdos oficiales sino con las practicas diarias de la sociedad. De hecho, esos pequeños lugares destacados se ubican en un espacio social más amplio y expresan la apropiación virtual (y limitada en el tiempo de un territorio público por una memoria privada.

Conjunto de Ejercicios Físico con fines Terapéuticos para los pacientes obesos perteneciente al Consejo Popular Pueblo Nuevo del municipio de Consolación del Sur

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Rainel Gómez Hernández

2009-06-01

Full Text Available En el presente   trabajo investigativo titulado: Conjunto de Ejercicios Físico con fines Terapéuticos para los pacientes obesos perteneciente al Consejo Popular Pueblo Nuevo del municipio de Consolación del Sur. La obesidad  constituye una de las enfermedades con  mayor  prevalecía     en los países occidentales, considerándose en la actualidad la enfermedad metabólica más frecuente. Puede considerarse un problema de salud pública, pues ocasiona una disminución de la esperanza de vida y constituye la segunda causa de mortalidad prevenible,  dado el tema surge la siguiente interrogante ¿Como contribuir al mejoramiento del Estado de Salud de los pacientes obesos perteneciente al Consejo Popular Pueblo Nuevo del municipio de Consolación del Sur? Esta investigación tiene como objetivo: Integrar  un Conjunto de Ejercicios Físicos con fines Terapéuticos para el mejoramiento del  Estado de Salud de los pacientes obesos perteneciente al Consejo Popular Pueblo Nuevo del municipio mencionado. Este trabajo propone un programa de ejercicios físicos para la disminución del peso corporal en los pacientes  que  presenta       obesidad que conviven en  el  Consejo Popular anteriormente mencionado. Para la realización del mismo se tuvo en cuenta fundamentalmente el método dialéctico–materialista de cual se derivan   los métodos teóricos y métodos empíricos, en los primeros podemos encontrar el Análisis-Síntesis, Histórico-Lógico y El Trabajo con Documentos y en los segundos la Encuesta, la Observación, para a través de los mismos recopilar datos que contribuyan  en el desarrollo satisfactorio de la investigación. La investigación es ubicada dentro de las ciencias biológicas vinculadas con el Deporte y la Cultura Física.  En la misma se resume los datos más importantes sobre ejercicios que contemplan  técnicas tradicionales  y  de  técnicas  orientales como �

Patrimonio cultural y turismo emergente. Villa Guillermina, de pueblo obrero a nuevo destino turístico. Un estudio de caso

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Marcela Brac

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, la provincia de Santa Fe ha impulsado una política destinada a la creación de nuevos destinos turísticos, con el propósito de contribuir al desarrollo de las economías locales. Villa Guillermina, situada en la Cuña Boscosa santafesina, al norte de la provincia, integra el circuito “Camino del Tanino-Pueblos Forestales”. La construcción del destino turístico, se basa en la apropiación del patrimonio histórico cultural de las poblaciones forestales, surgidas a inicio del siglo XX por la actividad foresto - industrial. En este artículo, presento un análisis sobre explotación turística en ámbitos periféricos, caracterizados por un entorno rural y sin antecedentes turísticos. Examino cómo se produce la activación del patrimonio con fines turísticos a nivel local, y planteo el rol del Estado en la actividad turística como factor de desarrollo.

Hydrologic, water-quality, and biological assessment of Laguna de las Salinas, Ponce, Puerto Rico, January 2003-September 2004

Science.gov (United States)

Soler-López, Luis R.; Gómez-Gómez, Fernando; Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús

2005-01-01

The Laguna de Las Salinas is a shallow, 35-hectare, hypersaline lagoon (depth less than 1 meter) in the municipio of Ponce, located on the southern coastal plain of Puerto Rico. Hydrologic, water-quality, and biological data in the lagoon were collected between January 2003 and September 2004 to establish baseline conditions. During the study period, rainfall was about 1,130 millimeters, with much of the rain recorded during three distinct intense events. The lagoon is connected to the sea by a shallow, narrow channel. Subtle tidal changes, combined with low rainfall and high evaporation rates, kept the lagoon at salinities above that of the sea throughout most of the study. Water-quality properties measured on-site (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and Secchi disk transparency) exhibited temporal rather than spatial variations and distribution. Although all physical parameters were in compliance with current regulatory standards for Puerto Rico, hyperthermic and hypoxic conditions were recorded during isolated occasions. Nutrient concentrations were relatively low and in compliance with current regulatory standards (less than 5.0 and 1.0 milligrams per liter for total nitrogen and total phosphorus, respectively). The average total nitrogen concentration was 1.9 milligrams per liter and the average total phosphorus concentration was 0.4 milligram per liter. Total organic carbon concentrations ranged from 12.0 to 19.0 milligrams per liter. Chlorophyll a was the predominant form of photosynthetic pigment in the water. The average chlorophyll a concentration was 13.4 micrograms per liter. Chlorophyll b was detected (detection limits 0.10 microgram per liter) only twice during the study. About 90 percent of the primary productivity in the Laguna de Las Salinas was generated by periphyton such as algal mats and macrophytes such as seagrasses. Of the average net productivity of 13.6 grams of oxygen per cubic meter per day derived from the diel

[Concentrations of alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, polyphenols and saponins in selected medicinal plants from Ecuador and their relationship with acute toxicity against Artemia salina].

Science.gov (United States)

Jaramillo Jaramillo, Carmita; Jaramillo Espinoza, Anyi; D'Armas, Haydelba; Troccoli, Luis; Rojas de Astudillo, Luisa

2016-09-01

Alkaloids, polyphenols, cyanogenic glycosides and saponins are among the main chemical compounds synthesized by plants but not considered essential for their basic metabolism. These compounds have different functions in plants, and have been recognized with medicinal and pharmacological properties. In this research, concentrations of the mentioned secondary metabolites were determined in the medicinal plants Artemisia absinthium, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Parthenium hysterophorus, Piper carpunya and Taraxacum officinale, from Ecuador, and related with cytotoxic effects against Artemia salina. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts from leaves of these selected plants were prepared at different concentrations. To assess cytotoxicity of these extracts, different bioassays with A. salina were undertaken, and the mortality rates and LC50 were obtained. Besides, concentrations of alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, phenols, tannins and saponins were determined by spectrophotometric methods; this constituted the first report of quantification of secondary metabolites in the selected plants from Ecuador. T. officinale had the highest concentration of total phenols (22.30 ± 0.23 mg/g) and tannins (11.70 ± 0.10 mg/g), C. aconitifolius of cyanogenic glycosides (5.02 ± 0.37 µg/g) and P. hysterophorus of saponins (6.12 ± 0.02 mg/g). Tannins values obtained were not adverse to their consumption. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of selected plants had hemolytic activity depending on the concentration of saponins. Although the values of cyanogenic glycosides were permissible, it was necessary to monitor the presence of this metabolite in plants to minimize health problems. LC50 values ranged from extremely toxic (3.37 µg/mL) to highly toxic (274.34 μg/mL), in P. carpunya and T. officinale, respectively. From correlation analysis, it was observed that increase values of alkaloids concentrations had highly significant (pplants cytotoxicity decreased significantly (pplant extracts

Tolerância ao florescimento precoce e características comerciais de progênies F4 de alface do cruzamento Regina 71 x Salinas 88 = Tolerance to precocious flowering and commerical traits of F4 progenies of hybrid Regina 71 x Salinas 88 lettuce

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José Luiz Sandes de Carvalho Filho

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A alface é uma espécie cujas plantas possuem grande variabilidade no que diz respeito à forma, cor e textura das folhas, caracterizando diferentes tipos comerciais. O grupo folhas lisas ainda se mantém como um dos mais consumidos. A caracterização do tipo de folha é essencial no desenvolvimento de um programa de melhoramento,principalmente, quando a população segregante é oriunda de parentais contrastantes para o caráter. Além disso, a maior parte das cultivares utilizada é sensível ao calor, emitindo a haste floral precocemente. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características comercias de progênies F4 de alface e a sua tolerância ao calor, visando obter cultivares com folha lisa tolerantes ao florescimento precoce, resistentes aos nematóides e ao LMV. Avaliaram-se 22 progênies F4 originadas do cruzamento envolvendo as cultivares ‘Regina 71’ e ‘Salinas 88’, previamente selecionadas para tolerância ao calor, resistência aos nematóides das galhas e ao LMV (lettuce mosaic virus. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os tipos de limbo e borda foliares, formação de cabeça e número de dias para a primeira antese. Dentre as 22 progênies avaliadas, três mostraram-semais promissoras à obtenção de linhagens de alface de folhas lisas resistentes ao calor, nematóides das galhas e ao LMV.The lettuce is a plant that features great variability in form, color and texture. The butterleaf variety had remained one of themost consumed lettuce types. The evaluation of leaf type for commercial characters is essential for the development of any improvement program, especially when the parents are divergent types. Furthermore, most cultivars are susceptible to heat. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate F4 progenies of butterleaf lettuce, aiming to select new genotypes for nematode resistance, tolerance to heat and LMV. Twenty-two F3:4 progenieswere

Representaciones sociales en torno al "conflicto" estado chileno - pueblo mapuche en jóvenes universitarios chilenos: un estudio con Redes semánticas naturales

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Marianela Denegri Coria

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como propósito realizar una primera aproximación a las representaciones sociales sobre el "conflicto estado-nación y pueblo mapuche", en estudiantes universitarios del área de Ciencias Sociales de una universidad estatal del sur de Chile. Se trabajó con la técnica de redes semánticas naturales, utilizando cuatro frases-estímulo. Los resultados indican que existe una percepción de la circunstancia en la que se resalta la situación de conflicto, con una mirada muy negativa con respecto al gobierno, el sistema judicial, y los medios de comunicación. Se discuten las implicancias para el futuro desempeño profesional de estos estudiantes en caso de desenvolverse en un contexto laboral de intervención directa o indirecta en este conflicto.

IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA NA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM EM SOLO COM BIOFERTILIZANTE BOVINO

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Geocleber Gomes de Sousa

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Estação Agrometereológica, UFC, em Fortaleza/Ceará, no período de setembro a novembro de 2012, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação nas características agronômicas do amendoinzeiro, cultivar BRS 1 em solo com e sem biofertilizante bovino. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco repetições, referente aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação:0,8; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1, em solo sem e com biofertilizante bovino, aplicado de uma única vez, ao nível de 10% do volume do substrato, três dias antes da semeadura. As variáveis analisadas foram: número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento de raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total. O aumento da concentração salina da água de irrigação reduziu a área foliar, matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca total e comprimento da raiz do amendoinzeiro, porém com menor intensidade no solo com o biofertilizante bovino. A elevação da salinidade do solo decorrente da irrigação com água salina provoca redução na altura da planta, diâmetro do caule e matéria seca da raiz. Palavra-chave: estresse salino, índices fisiológicos, insumo orgânico. PEANUT CULTURE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER IN SOIL WITH BOVINE BIOFERTILIZER ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted at the agrometeorological experimental station, at the UFC, Fortaleza-CE (BR, in the period from September 2012 to November 2012, aiming to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on the agronomic characteristics of BRS 1 peanut plant, in bio fertilized and non-bio fertilized soil. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five repetitions. Five different saline solutions (or irrigation water, identified by their respective electrical

Diferencias culturales en el mundo global: cuestiones irresueltas para los pueblos indígenas de América Latina Cultural differences in the global world: unresolved issues for indigenous people from Latin America

OpenAIRE

María Isabel González Terreros

2009-01-01

El mundo, y en particular América Latina, vive procesos de tensión y disputa cultural, producto del conflicto que se presenta ante la globalización, la cual plantea perspectivas y políticas universales, y las manifestaciones de comunidades indígenas que reclaman el reconocimiento de la diferencia y el derecho a la identidad. En tal sentido, este artículo pretende analizar diferentes tensiones en las cuales se encuentran los pueblos indígenas en el contexto de la globalización. Tensiones que t...

Apuntes sobre la geografía eclesiástica de Ourense: Tourém, Lama de Arcos, «Couto Mixto» y «Pueblos Promiscuos»

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Hernández Figueiredo, José Ramón

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Meet the ecclesiastical geography of a diocese is to be a key task to understand their historical memory. The previously unknown files of the Vatican offer valuable information for knowing the lights and shadows of the Diocesan Church in the contemporary period. Presented in this article document processes of the dismemberment of the parish church of St. Peter of Tourém and St. Mary of Lama de Arcos, and the solution to the question of the “Couto Mixto” and “Pueblos Promiscuos”, and the last under the decree of the Congregation Consistorial of 1954.Conocer la geografía eclesiástica de una diócesis resulta ser una tarea fundamental para comprender su memoria histórica. Los inéditos fondos vaticanos ofrecen una valiosa información para conocer las luces y las sombras de la Iglesia diocesana en el periodo contemporáneo. En este artículo se presentan los procesos documentales del desmembramiento de las parroquias de San Pedro de Tourém y Santa María de Lama de Arcos, así como la solución a la cuestión del “Couto Mixto” y los “Pueblos Promisicuos”, y el último arreglo del decreto de la Congregación Consistorial de 1954. [gl] Coñecer a xeografía eclesiástica dunha diocese resulta ser unha tarefa fundamental para comprender a súa memoria histórica. Os inéditos fondos vaticanos ofrecen unha valiosa información para coñecer as luces e as sombras da Igrexa diocesana no periodo contemporáneo. Neste artigo preséntanse os procesos documentais do desmembramento das parroquias de San Pedro de Tourém e Santa María de Lama de Arcos, así como a solución á cuestión do “Couto Mixto” e os “Pobos Promisicuos”, e o último arranxo do decreto da Congregación Consistorial de 1954.

TURISMO Y DESARROLLO LOCAL. PROYECTO PARA CONVERTIR «COCODRILO» EN PUEBLO TURÍSTICO SOSTENIBLE EN UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA DE LA ISLA DE LA JUVENTUD (CUBA

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Robiel Alvarez García

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad Cocodrilo se identifica como un asentamiento rural costero enclavado dentro del área protegida del Sur de la Isla de la Juventud. El poblado tomado como base para el estudio, morfológicamente revela una configuración estrecha y alargada, ocupando dentro de ella, una extensión superficial de 32,66 ha. Su longitud en el eje sureste-noroeste es de aproximadamente 1,7 km, mientras que el ancho varía entre 200 m y 400 m. En esta locación se desarrolla la actividad forestal y la pesca como principal sustento económico y precisamente a partir de considerar la voluntad de sus habitantes y la aprobación en el esquema de ordenamiento para el turismo en el archipiélago Los Canarreos, se propone, a través del diseño conceptual arquitectónico, urbanístico y ecosociocultural, la posibilidad de introducir un turismo responsable con el medio ambiente, partiendo de su reordenación para concebirlo como un Pueblo Turístico, pues la zona conserva un potencial importante para el desarrollo de este producto novedoso y exclusivo con vocación principal de naturaleza, náutica y cultura. Los resultados del diagnóstico, condujeron a proponer soluciones a los principales problemas ambientales, introduciendo tecnologías ecológicas, aplicando principios de la arquitectura bioclimática y bioambiental, con base en el desarrollo local participativo se logra una propuesta integradora de proyecto comunitario en un poblado con potencialidades para desarrollarse en su uso mixto turismo-comunidad. La concepción de este Pueblo Turístico contribuirá a la concientización y responsabilización de sus pobladores y visitantes con el cuidado, uso y conservación del medio ambiente natural, social y construido, previsto en el desarrollo de la localidad.

Effects of selected metal oxide nanoparticles on Artemia salina larvae: evaluation of mortality and behavioural and biochemical responses.

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Gambardella, Chiara; Mesarič, Tina; Milivojević, Tamara; Sepčić, Kristina; Gallus, Lorenzo; Carbone, Serena; Ferrando, Sara; Faimali, Marco

2014-07-01

The aim was to investigate the toxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) on the brine shrimp Artemia salina, by evaluating mortality and behavioural and biochemical responses. Larvae were exposed to tin(IV) oxide (stannic oxide (SnO2)), cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2) and iron(II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) NPs for 48 h in seawater, with MO-NP suspensions from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/mL. Mortality and behavioural responses (swimming speed alteration) and enzymatic activities of cholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase were evaluated. Although the MO-NPs did not induce any mortality of the larvae, they caused changes in behavioural and biochemical responses. Swimming speed significantly decreased in larvae exposed to CeO2 NPs. Cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were significantly inhibited in larvae exposed to SnO2 NPs, whereas cholinesterase activity significantly increased after CeO2 NP and Fe3O4 NP exposure. Catalase activity significantly increased in larvae exposed to Fe3O4 NPs. In conclusion, swimming alteration and cholinesterase activity represent valid endpoints for MO-NP exposure, while glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities appear to be NP-specific.

Construcción de un índice de satisfacción del turismo en Capulálpam “Pueblo Mágico”

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Omar López Ramos

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A fin de evaluar la satisfacción de los turistas en un “Pueblo Mágico”, se construyó un índice sumatorio ponderado, mismo que se desagregó en cuatro componentes, obteniéndose las siguientes evaluaciones de satisfacción: Componente de calidad del capital humano (66.7 %, Componente de calidad de la oferta (20.0 %, Componente de seguimiento de la calidad (66.75 % y Componente de percepción de la calidad y satisfacción del turista (100 %. El promedio ponderado de estos componentes arroja una calificación final para este índice de satisfacción del 63.3 %. Los resultados analizados muestran que, en general, la satisfacción de los turistas es ligeramente positiva. Los componentes que son prioritarios de atender tienen que ver con la obtención de certificaciones de la calidad de los productos turísticos ofrecidos, así como con la inserción de capital humano avanzado en turismo, ya que estas dos variables incidieron notablemente en la baja calificación obtenida.

La etnoeducación como posicionamiento político e identitario del pueblo afroecuatoriano

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Rocío Vera

2017-12-01

Full Text Available La investigación se orienta a demostrar cómo la población afrodescendiente en Ecuador ha generado, desde la etnoeducación, procesos históricos de transformación epistemológica por medio de la difusión de conocimientos ancestrales como una forma de posicionamiento político e identitario. En la primera parte, desde una perspectiva postcolonial y decolonial, se presenta los conceptos teóricos para abordar los posicionamientos políticos, epistemológicos y culturales de los líderes y lideresas afroecuatorianos involucrados en el fortalecimiento de la identidad a través de la implementación de la etnoeducación en el sistema educativo. En la segunda parte, “casa adentro”, se analizan las estrategias de representación de la sociedad civil afroecuatoriana y de actores religiosos y académicos que desde 1979 de manera localizada han elaborado y difundido material etnoeducativo a fin de contrarrestar la invisibilización de los aportes del pueblo afroecuatoriano en la construcción del Estado Nación y modificar con ello la visión racista, estereotipada y homogénea que la sociedad blanco mestiza ha construido sobre ellos. La tercera parte, “casa afuera”, analiza la incidencia a nivel de política pública de la incorporación de la etnoeducación afroecuatoriana en el diseño del currículo educativo nacional desde 2016. El estudio argumenta que la etnoeducación se ha constituido en una herramienta esencial para fortalecer la identidad afroecuatoriana y para confrontar el racismo estructural y la discriminación institucionalizada.

MÁS ALLÁ DEL VOTO ÉTNICO: LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN LA ADOPCIÓN DE DECISIONES. FUNDAMENTOS ANALÍTICO-CONCEPTUALES PARA SU INVESTIGACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA

OpenAIRE

Martínez Espinoza, Manuel Ignacio

2011-01-01

ResumenTradicionalmente, los estudios realizados desde la ciencia política y la sociología sobre la participación de los pueblos indígenas se han enfocado en el ámbito electoral y las movilizaciones sociales. No obstante, la observación empírica ha demostrado la necesidad de ampliar el campo de visión al análisis de la participación indígena en la adopción de decisiones factibles de afectarles enmarcando el análisis en el cumplimiento de sus derechos colectivos. De esta forma, el artículo tie...

Representaciones sociales en torno al “conflicto” estado chileno - pueblo mapuche en jóvenes universitarios chilenos: un estudio con redes semánticas naturales

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Marianela Denegri Coria

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como propósito realizar una primera aproxi - mación a las representaciones sociales sobre el “conflicto estado-nación y pueblo mapuche”, en estudiantes universitarios del área de Ciencias Sociales de una universidad estatal del sur de Chile. Se trabajó con la técnica de redes semánticas naturales, utilizando cuatro frases- estímulo. Los resultados indican que existe una percepción de la circunstancia en la que se resalta la situación de conflicto, con una mirada muy negativa con respecto al gobierno, el sistema judicial, y los medios de comunicación. Se discuten las implicancias para el futuro desempeño profesional de estos estudiantes en caso de desen - volverse en un contexto laboral de intervención directa o indirecta en este conflicto.

Violencia política y conflictividad social durante el gobierno de la Unidad Popular. El caso de la Vanguardia Organizada del Pueblo (VOP, 1970-1971

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Marcelo Alejandro Bonnassiolle Cortés

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la emergencia y participación del grupo político de carácter revolucionario denominado La Vanguardia Organizada del Pueblo (VOP, organización que a través de una serie de operaciones político-delictuales, como robos, expropiaciones y ajusticiamientos se conformó como un actor crítico y cuyas actividades y operaciones ayudaron a conformar el destino de la Unidad Popular. La decisión de la VOP de continuar las acciones armadas durante dicho gobierno y de “ajusticiar” al ex ministro Edmundo Pérez Zujovic fueron fundamentales en la configuración y gestación del acercamiento político de la oposición en su lucha contra el gobierno de Salvador Allende, generando, como lo demuestra el artículo, el inicio del fin del gobierno de la Unidad Popular.

El racismo y la representación social de lo negro entre niños de pueblos afromexicanos

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Cristina Masferrer

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la representación social que construyen niños de pueblos afromexicanos sobre lo negro o las personas “negras” y examina de qué manera se asocia al racismo. Los resultados se basan en el trabajo de campo realizado en la región con la mayor concentración de localidades afrodescendientes en México, la Costa Chica de Guerrero y Oaxaca, en la cual se desarrollaron diversas estrategias etnográficas con niños de cuatro a catorce años de edad, como entrevistas grupales, talleres de radio y pintura, entre otras. Después de la introducción, se presenta una explicación sobre el contexto en que se realizó la investigación. Posteriormente se exponen los principales elementos de la representación social de niños de localidades afromexicanas sobre lo negro, mostrando en qué medida se vincula al racismo, aunque sin dejar de lado otros aspectos fundamentales como su relación con la construcción social de lugar. Finalmente, se presentan pautas metodológicas para combatir el racismo. Este trabajo busca contribuir a las discusiones antropológicas sobre el racismo a partir de perspectivas teóricas y propuestas metodológicas interdisciplinarias.

Estratégias de irrigação com água salina na mamoneira Irrigation strategies with saline water in castor oil plant

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Maria Eugênia da Costa

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Este experimento foi realizado em campo para avaliar estratégias de irrigação com água salina no crescimento e na produção da mamoneira (BRS Energia, além de identificar eventuais estádios de maior tolerância à salinidade e monitorar alguns atributos químicos do solo. Os tratamentos consistiram da irrigação com águas de CE 0,53; 2,09; 3,66 dS m-1 de acordo com a fase de desenvolvimento da cultura, totalizando cinco estratégias de irrigação com água salina e uma testemunha. As avaliações de crescimento foram realizadas aos 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 dias após a semeadura (DAS. As coletas de solo foram realizadas concomitantemente às avaliações de crescimento, nas camadas 0-0,10; 0,10-0,30; 0,30-0,50 m. A irrigação contínua com água de CE 3,66 dS m-1 reduziu a altura de planta, o comprimento de racemo terciário, o número de frutos por área útil e a produtividade de frutos. Essa estratégia aumentou acentuadamente os teores de Na+ e a CE do solo no final do ciclo. Por outro lado, a irrigação com água salina começando aos 45 DAS não prejudicou as variáveis de crescimento e os componentes de produção. Essa estratégia minimizou os impactos negativos sobre a salinidade/sodicidade do solo no final do ciclo. Comportamento similar foi observado para a irrigação contínua com água de CE 2,09 dS m-1 (mistura de águas com CE de 0,53 e 3,66 dS m-1. A mamoneira não apresentou tolerância diferenciada à salinidade em função da fase de desenvolvimento, embora tenha sido prejudicada quando aumentaram a intensidade e a duração do estresse salino.This experiment was conducted under field conditions to evaluate irrigation strategies with saline water on growth and production of castor oil plant (cv. BRS Energia, identify eventual stages with higher tolerance to salinity and monitor some soil chemical attributes. The treatments consisted of irrigations with water of EC 0.53; 2.09; 3.66 dS m-1 according to the development

LOCALIDADES CON RECURSOS TURÍSTICOS Y EL PROGRAMA PUEBLOS MÁGICOS EN MEDIO DEL PROCESO DE LA NUEVA RURALIDAD. LOS CASOS DE TEPOTZOTLÁN Y VALLE DE BRAVO EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

OpenAIRE

Guadalupe Hoyos Castillo

2008-01-01

Este artículo examina el proceso socio territorial de los municipios de Tepotzotlán y Valle de Bravo, a propósito de la instrumentación del Programa Pueblos Mágicos, esto desde la perspectiva analítica de la nueva ruralidad de perfil turístico. Aquí sostenemos que el programa puede acelerar los cambios sociales y de actividades en el territorio, al tiempo que concentra inversión ya que focaliza su actuación en estructuras turísticas dinámicas con larga trayectoria sin alcanzar derrama territo...

Ablación Genital Femenina (AGF): el proyecto Emberá Wera y su efecto en la comunidad Emberá Chamí de los municipios de Mistrató y Pueblo Rico en Risaralda (2007-2014)

OpenAIRE

Hernández Palacio, Fallon

2015-01-01

El interés de este estudio de caso es analizar los efectos y limitaciones de la implementación del proyecto Emberá Wera, que tenía como objetivo eliminar la Ablación Genital Femenina, dentro de la comunidad Emberá Chamí de Mistrató y Pueblo Rico (Colombia). Para ello, se rastrean los cambios generados respecto a la práctica, y en las creencias sobre la misma, después de finalizado el proyecto. Luego, se hace un acercamiento a la norma internacional: eliminación de la ablación, para dar cuenta...

Diferencias culturales en el mundo global: cuestiones irresueltas para los pueblos indígenas de América Latina Cultural differences in the global world: unresolved issues for indigenous people from Latin America

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María Isabel González Terreros

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El mundo, y en particular América Latina, vive procesos de tensión y disputa cultural, producto del conflicto que se presenta ante la globalización, la cual plantea perspectivas y políticas universales, y las manifestaciones de comunidades indígenas que reclaman el reconocimiento de la diferencia y el derecho a la identidad. En tal sentido, este artículo pretende analizar diferentes tensiones en las cuales se encuentran los pueblos indígenas en el contexto de la globalización. Tensiones que tienen que ver con las políticas internacionales y nacionales que cobijan a los pueblos indígenas, las manifestaciones y los reclamos de los movimientos indígenas por el reconocimiento de su identidad cultural y la tensión en que se encuentra la identidad colectiva en medio del mundo globalizado.The world, particularly Latin America, is living several cultural processes of tension and dispute, which are the result of the conflict between globalization (that implies universal perspectives and policies, and the claims of indigenous communities which seek to achieve recognition of their differences and the right to their own identities. In this sense, the present paper aims to analyze the different tensions in which indigenous people are immersed, in the context of globalization. These tensions are related, first, to international and national policies that encompass indigenous people; secondly, to manifestations and demands of indigenous movements for the recognition of their cultural identity; and finally, to the tension itself in which collective identity is involved, in the context of a globalized world.

Educación Superior y Pueblos Indígenas en América Latina: Del “Diálogo de Saberes” a la construcción de “modalidades sostenibles de Colaboración Intercultural”

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Daniel Mato

2016-10-01

Full Text Available En las últimas tres décadas, las luchas e iniciativas de los pueblos indígenas en varios países latinoamericanos han dado lugar a la creación de universidades y otros tipos de instituciones de educación superior. Algunas de ellas han sido establecidas y son gestionadas por organizaciones de estos pueblos, otras han sido creadas por agencias gubernamentales. Adicionalmente, diversos tipos de programas especiales han sido instituidos, en algunos casos mediante convenios entre organizaciones indígenas y universidades “convencionales”, en otros como unidades académicas al interior de estas últimas, o bien bajo la forma de programas de cupos especiales, becas, y/o apoyo académico y psicosocial. Algunas de estas experiencias han logrado desarrollar “modalidades sostenibles de colaboración intercultural”, otras están construyéndolas, otras continúan intentándolo, en tanto otras no pasan de invocar la expresión “diálogo de saberes” sin lograr los avances esperados. Basado en estudios sobre aproximadamente un centenar de experiencias de estos tipos en once países latinoamericanos, así como en aprendizajes derivados del acompañamiento de algunas de estas experiencias y de intercambios con sus equipos de trabajo, este artículo ofrece algunas reflexiones sobre las dificultades, conflictos y desafíos, que se presentan al avanzar desde el tantas veces invocado “diálogo de saberes” hacia “modalidades sostenibles de colaboración intercultural” en docencia, investigación y/o extensión.

Pueblos arroceros en la cuenca del Cebollatí: asentamientos surgidos a partir de la instalación del cultivo de arroz

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Susana Martinez

2016-09-01

Full Text Available A partir de la segunda mitad del SXIX, la organización productiva de la explotación de arroz, en la cuenca baja del Cebollatí, dio origen a pueblos arroceros que se han desarrollado en constelaciones  convergiendo en nodos calificados de segundo y tercer nivel, en un paisaje particular y atractivo, donde los aspectos culturales y naturales se combinan. Varios usos productivos han estado asociados a la estructuración del territorio, en  donde la formulación de asentamientos concebidos para la producción y organizados en forma semiautónoma son parte sustantiva. El territorio es un proceso y un producto de prácticas individuales y grupales, en el que conviven   un patrimonio arqueológico- cerritos de indios- , que apelan a las raíces y a los primeros habitantes de nuestro territorio, un paisaje natural de llanuras, esteros, lagunas y montes naturales, y el paisaje cultural generado por el cultivo e industrialización del arroz. Este trabajo se aborda desde la perspectiva territorial: soporte físico más construcción histórica.

Substituição de alimento vivo por alimento inerte na larvicultura intensiva do tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus = Replacement of live food for inert food on larviculture of tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Danieli Cuzini Lombardi

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de náuplios de Artemia salina por alimentos inertes durante a larvicultura do tambacu. Na primeira fase, com duração de 12 dias, as larvas foram alimentadas com: náuplio de Artemia salina, cyclop-eeze e ovo de Artemia salina. Na segunda fase, com duração de dez dias, foram utilizadas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina provenientes da primeira fase e testados os mesmos três alimentos. A qualidade da água manteve-se em condições adequadas para alarvicultura nas duas fases. As larvas da primeira fase alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina obtiveram os melhores resultados em crescimento, sobrevivência e desempenho produtivo. Na segunda fase, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e o desempenho produtivo das larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina e ovo de Artemia salina foram semelhantes. Nas duas fases, o custo com alimento foi mais baixo nas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina. Os resultados obtidos mostram que nas duas fases de larvicultura testadas a oferta de náuplios de Artemia salina é a melhor estratégia alimentar por proporcionar boa sobrevivência, crescimento e bom desempenho produtivo, além de menor custo.The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of Artemia salina nauplii by inert food during larviculture of tambacu. On the first phase with duration of 12 days, the larvae were fed with one of the following foods: Artemia salina nauplii, cyclop-eeze or Artemia salina egg. On the second phase, with 10 days of duration, larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii were utilized in the first experiment and the same food treatments were tested. Water quality was adequate forlarvae rearing in both phases. The larvae from the first phase that fed with Artemia salina nauplii presented better growth, survival rate and yield. On the second phase, the growth, survival and yield of larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii and eggs were

Substituição de alimento vivo por alimento inerte na larvicultura intensiva do tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i4.3835 Replacement of live food for inert food on larviculture of tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i4.3835

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Levy de Carvalho Gomes

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de náuplios de Artemia salina por alimentos inertes durante a larvicultura do tambacu. Na primeira fase, com duração de 12 dias, as larvas foram alimentadas com: náuplio de Artemia salina, cyclop-eeze e ovo de Artemia salina. Na segunda fase, com duração de dez dias, foram utilizadas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina provenientes da primeira fase e testados os mesmos três alimentos. A qualidade da água manteve-se em condições adequadas para a larvicultura nas duas fases. As larvas da primeira fase alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina obtiveram os melhores resultados em crescimento, sobrevivência e desempenho produtivo. Na segunda fase, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e o desempenho produtivo das larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina e ovo de Artemia salina foram semelhantes. Nas duas fases, o custo com alimento foi mais baixo nas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina. Os resultados obtidos mostram que nas duas fases de larvicultura testadas a oferta de náuplios de Artemia salina é a melhor estratégia alimentar por proporcionar boa sobrevivência, crescimento e bom desempenho produtivo, além de menor custo.The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of Artemia salina nauplii by inert food during larviculture of tambacu. On the first phase with duration of 12 days, the larvae were fed with one of the following foods: Artemia salina nauplii, cyclop-eeze or Artemia salina egg. On the second phase, with 10 days of duration, larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii were utilized in the first experiment and the same food treatments were tested. Water quality was adequate for larvae rearing in both phases. The larvae from the first phase that fed with Artemia salina nauplii presented better growth, survival rate and yield. On the second phase, the growth, survival and yield of larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii and eggs

Radium and uranium concentrations and associated hydrogeochemistry in ground water in southwestern Pueblo County, Colorado

Science.gov (United States)

Felmlee, J. Karen; Cadigan, Robert Allen

1979-01-01

Radium and uranium concentrations in water from 37 wells tapping the aquifer system of the Dakota Sandstone and Purgatoire Formation in southwestern Pueblo County, Colorado, have a wide range of values and define several areas of high radioactivity in the ground water. Radium ranges from 0.3 to 420 picocuries per liter and has a median value of 8.8, and uranium ranges from 0.02 to 180 micrograms per liter and has a median value of 2.4. Radon concentrations, measured in 32 of the 37 wells, range from less than 100 picocuries per liter to as much as 27,000 and have a median value of 580. Relationships among the radioactive elements and 28 other geochemical parameters were studied by using correlation coefficients and R-mode factor analysis. Five factor groups were determined to represent major influences on water chemistry: (1) short-term solution reactions, (2) oxidation reactions, (3) hydrolysis reactions, (4) uranium distribution, and (5) long-term solution reactions. Uranium concentrations are most strongly influenced by oxidation reactions but also are affected by solution reactions and distribution of uranium in the rocks of the aquifer system. Radon and radium concentrations are mostly controlled by uranium distribution; radium also shows a moderate negative relationship with oxidation. To explain the statistical and spatial relationships among the parameters, a model was developed involving the selective leaching of uranium-bearing phases and metal sulfides which occur in discontinuous zones in sandstone and shale. When reducing conditions prevail, uranium is immobile, but radium can be taken into solution. When faults and associated fractured rocks allow oxidizing conditions to dominate, uranium can be taken into solution; radium can also be taken into solution, or it may become immobilized by coprecipitation with iron and manganese oxides or with barite. Several areas within the study area are discussed in terms of the model.

La transversalidad en la política turístico-cultural del pueblo mágico de Metepec, México

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David Hernández Díaz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El tema de la política turístico-cultural se ha convertido en un aspecto prioritario para la administración pública en el desarrollo de proyectos vinculados al turismo y la cultura y, más aún, cuando se alude a la transversalidad como acción renovadora en la política pública. En este sentido, el presente trabajo efectúa una reflexión crítica en torno a este tipo de política en el municipio de Metepec, denominado Pueblo Mágico. Para ello, se analiza la aparición de la transversalidad en la política pública turístico-cultural, se revisan diversos programas de organismos que fomentan y promueven el turismo y la cultura en Metepec y trabajan en favor de la transversalidad e interacción de sus dependencias, así como entrevistas a diversos actores sociales para conocer su opinión en torno a esta temática. El estudio rescata la perspectiva crítica del turismo y la cultura con el fin de proponer un enfoque que revalore la transversalidad en sus políticas y la interacción entre los organismos vinculados al tema.

Toxicоlogical evaluation of the plant products using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L. model

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Меntor R. Hamidi

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Many natural products could serve as the starting point in the development of modern medicines because of their numerous biological and pharmacological activities. However, some of them are known to carry toxicological properties as well. In order to achieve a safe treatment with plant products, numerous research studies have recently been focused on both pharmacology and toxicity of medicinal plants. Moreover, these studies employed efforts for alternative biological assays. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is the most convenient system for monitoring biological activities of various plant species. This method is very useful for preliminary assessment of toxicity of the plant extracts. Rapidness, simplicity and low requirements are several advantages of this assay. However, several conditions need to be completed, especially in the means of standardized experimental conditions (temperature, pH of the medium, salinity, aeration and light. The toxicity of herbal extracts using this assay has been determined in a concentration range of 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml of the examined herbal extract. Most toxicity studies which use the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay determine the toxicity after 24 hours of exposure to the tested sample. The median lethal concentration (LC50 of the test samples is obtained by a plot of percentage of the dead shrimps against the logarithm of the sample concentration. LC50 values are estimated using a probit regression analysis and compared with either Meyer’s or Clarkson’s toxicity criteria. Furthermore, the positive correlation between Meyer’s toxicity scale for Artemia salina and Gosselin, Smith and Hodge’s toxicity scale for higher animal models confirmed that the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is an excellent predictive tool for the toxic potential of plant extracts in humans.

Cirugía y pueblos Amerindios: un reto intercultural Surgery and Amerindian peoples: an intercultural challenge

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Gerardo Fernández-Juárez

2010-03-01

Full Text Available El corte o escisión de la anatomía humana se ha producido en diversas culturas bajo contextos que consideramos como mágicos o religiosos; sin embargo, la intención de brindar recuperación a las personas en sus dolencias, progresivamente hizo de estos cortes procedimientos dirigidos a la extracción de las causantes, conocida como cirugía. Sin embargo, aquello no supuso un reemplazo sino una forma distinta de ver la forma de brindar salud, por tanto aún existen brechas entre aquella ‘cirugía simbólica’ y la que en occidente se practica. En la siguiente revisión se ofrece una descripción sobre la visión de diversos pueblos respecto a la cirugía, y algunas anécdotas de cómo ha influido, modificado o sido rechazada la aplicación de la cirugía moderna.Many cultures have performed the cutting and excision of the human anatomy under contexts that we consider magical or religious; nevertheless, the will to offer recovery to people in their diseases, progressively transformed these cuttings into procedures aimed at the extraction of their causes, known as surgery. However, that didn’t imply a replacement but a different sight of how to provide health, that is why there are still gaps between that "symbolic surgery" and the one practiced in occident. In this review we offer a description of the vision of diverse communities regarding surgery, and some anecdotes of how it has influenced, modified or rejected the application of modern surgery.

The Ambrosia Lake project archaeological investigations of three small sites associated with the southern Chacoan outlier of Kin Nizhoni, McKinley County, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cullington, B.J.

1990-01-01

During the fall of 1987, Complete Archaeological Service Associates conducted mitigative excavations at three sites (LA50363, LA50364, and LA50371) in McKinley County, New Mexico. These sites are adjacent to the Phillips/United Nuclear Inactive Uranium Mill and Tailings site at Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico. The primary deposition at each of these sites appears to be related to a Pueblo II or Bonito Phase occupation. Temporal placement is based primarily on the cross dating of ceramics and archaeomagnetic determinations when possible. No tree-ring or radiocarbon samples are available from these sites. These Ambrosia Lake sites indicate that this area was occupied primarily by Pueblo II people who may have had close social, economic, and ceremonial ties with the people living at the nuclear community of Lower Nizhoni about 3 km south-southeast. The later component at LA50364 indicates a Pueblo III occupation by people who may have had similar ties to the people of the Kin Nizhoni nuclear community. The Ambrosia Lake sites, then, provide important information on the structure of subnuclear communities within the southern Chaco periphery

El Derecho a la Consulta Previa de los Pueblos Indígenas y Ciudadanía Multicultural en Brasil

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Germana Aguiar Ribeiro do Nascimento

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Desde finales del siglo XX, las reclamaciones de los pueblos indígenas se tornaran frequentes, lo que contribuyó para los cambios legislativos. En efecto, derechos indígenas son ahora garantizados, es el caso del derecho a consulta. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el acceso de este derecho, observando en qué medida está protegido y su relación con la construcción de una ciudadanía multicultural. La investigación es de carácter cualitativo: son analizados la legislación y jurisprudencia. Se puede observar que a pesar de la legislación, él no es respectado, lo que impide la realización de una ciudadanía multicultural en Brasil.

La consulta a los pueblos indígenas y su evolución como herramienta de negociación política en América Latina. Los casos de Perú y Guatemala

OpenAIRE

Fulmer, Amanda M.

2014-01-01

Este artículo analiza el derecho a la consulta, garantizada a los pueblos indígenas por el Convenio 169 de la OIT, en su contexto social, cultural, legal y político. Uso dos casos de estudio: uno en Perú (Río Blanco) y uno en Guatemala (la mina Marlin). La consulta ha sido un elemento importante de ambos casos, pero su función fue distinta en cada uno de ellos. En base a dieciséis meses de investigación en ambos países, sostengo que el derecho a la consulta ha sido importante para la moviliza...

Teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos em caupi inoculado com rizóbio e em condições salinas

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Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade

2012-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A salinidade é um fator estressante que limita a produção das culturas quando encontra-se em quantidades além do limiar tolerável pelas mesmas. Nesse sentido objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o teor de clorofila a, b, total e carotenóides em feijoeiro caupi irrigado com diferentes níveis de água salina. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG, a qual, está localizada na zona centro oriental do Estado da Paraíba, no Planalto da Borborema, cujas coordenadas geográficas são latitude sul 7º13’11’’, longitude oeste 35º53’31’’ e altitude de 547,56 m. As variáveis avaliadas foram: clorofilas a, clorofila b, carotenóides, relação clorofila a/clorofila b e relação clorofila total/ carotenóides. A interação de rizóbios e salinidade não teve efeito significativo sobre as variáveis. Já o fator sal isolado foi significativo sobre todas as variáveis avaliadas. Os teores de clorofilas e carotenóides indicam as condições do aparato fotossintético em feijoeiro caupi quando submetido a estresse salino.

Clorofila e carotenoides em maracujazeiro-amarelo irrigado com águas salinas no solo com biofertilizante bovino

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Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Os efeitos deletérios provocados pelo estresse salino resultam em modificações nos mecanismos bioquímicos e fisiológicos das plantas, alterando, dentre outros, os teores foliares de clorofila e carotenoides, comprometendo a atividade fotossintética e, consequentemente, o crescimento, o desenvolvimento, a produção e a adaptabilidade aos ambientes adversos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEai, associadas às épocas de aplicação de biofertilizante, sobre os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos para a determinação dos pigmentos cloroplastídicos (clorofila a, b, total e carotenoides do maracujazeiro-amarelo. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 5 x 4, referentes aos valores de CEai: 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1, em quatro épocas de aplicação do biofertilizante: sem biofertilizante (SB; aplicação uma semana antes do transplantio (1SAT; a cada 90 dias, a partir do transplantio (90DAT; uma semana antes e a cada 90 dias, após o transplantio (1SAT+90DAT. O aumento da concentração salina da água de irrigação reduziu a eficiência fotossintética nas folhas do maracujazeiro-amarelo, sendo mais drástico na condutividade superior a 2,5 dS m-1. As frequências de aplicação do biofertilizante não influenciaram nas concentrações dos pigmentos fotossintéticos.

El triunfo de la ley del más fuerte: la concepción ferrajoliana del derecho de autodeterminación de los pueblos || The Triumph of Law of the Strongest: Ferrajoli’s Conception of the Right of Self-determination of peoples

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Lucía Payero López

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se pretende ofrecer un análisis de la concepción que mantiene Luigi Ferrajoli acerca del derecho de autodeterminación de los pueblos en su obra Principia iuris. Teoría del derecho y de la democracia. Sus tesis sobre la autodeterminación se sitúan en la línea de la interpretación oficial de los textos de Naciones Unidas: los pueblos que cuentan con Estado y aquéllos que, carentes del mismo, sufren graves violaciones de derechos en el seno del Estado en que se integran son los únicos a los que se reconoce este derecho. Aunque no cabe considerar al jurista italiano un autor de referencia en el tema, la postura que mantiene reviste relevancia por contradecir su teoría del garantismo jurídico, es decir, la concepción de los derechos como instrumentos en defensa del más débil. Como aquí se intentará demostrar, la ampliación de la esfera de los derechos que exige el constitucionalismo casa perfectamente con la introducción del derecho de autodeterminación en los ordenamientos de los Estados democráticos, de manera que el reconocimiento internacional del mismo vea aumentadas sus garantías de realización efectiva.   ABSTRACT. In this paper, Luigi Ferrajoli’s conception of the right of self-determination of peoples, as it is shown in his work Principia iuris. Teoria del diritto e della democrazia, will be analysed. His views on self-determination fit the official exegesis of United Nations’ documents: peoples with a state and stateless peoples who suffer severe violations of basic rights within the state they are situated in, are entitled to self-determination. Although the Italian jurist cannot be considered one of the main authors in this field, his stand on self-determination is relevant because it conflicts with the understanding of law as a set of rights in defence of the weak which characterises his political theory. There will be an attempt to prove that broadening the sphere of rights which

El triunfo de la ley del más fuerte: la concepción ferrajoliana del derecho de autodeterminación de los pueblos || The Triumph of Law of the Strongest: Ferrajoli’s Conception of the Right of Self-determination of peoples

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Lucía Payero López

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se pretende ofrecer un análisis de la concepción que mantiene Luigi Ferrajoli acerca del derecho de autodeterminación de los pueblos en su obra Principia iuris. Teoría del derecho y de la democracia. Sus tesis sobre la autodeterminación se sitúan en la línea de la interpretación oficial de los textos de Naciones Unidas: los pueblos que cuentan con Estado y aquéllos que, carentes del mismo, sufren graves violaciones de derechos en el seno del Estado en que se integran son los únicos a los que se reconoce este derecho. Aunque no cabe considerar al jurista italiano un autor de referencia en el tema, la postura que mantiene reviste relevancia por contradecir su teoría del garantismo jurídico, es decir, la concepción de los derechos como instrumentos en defensa del más débil. Como aquí se intentará demostrar, la ampliación de la esfera de los derechos que exige el constitucionalismo casa perfectamente con la introducción del derecho de autodeterminación en los ordenamientos de los Estados democráticos, de manera que el reconocimiento internacional del mismo vea aumentadas sus garantías de realización efectiva. ABSTRACT. In this paper, Luigi Ferrajoli’s conception of the right of self-determination of peoples, as it is shown in his work Principia iuris. Teoria del diritto e della democrazia, will be analysed. His views on self-determination fit the official exegesis of United Nations’ documents: peoples with a state and stateless peoples who suffer severe violations of basic rights within the state they are situated in, are entitled to self-determination. Although the Italian jurist cannot be considered one of the main authors in this field, his stand on self-determination is relevant because it conflicts with the understanding of law as a set of rights in defence of the weak which characterises his political theory. There will be an attempt to prove that broadening the sphere of rights which

Germinação e formação de mudas de coqueiro irrigadas com águas salinas Germination and seedling formation of coconut irrigated with saline waters

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Francisco J. L. Marinho

2005-09-01

Full Text Available O cultivo de coqueiro vem crescendo no Nordeste, com aumento de produtividade, quando irrigado. Sendo comuns na região águas salinas e se considerando a carência de dados de pesquisa de salinidade em coqueiro anão-verde (Cocos nucifera L., objetivou-se, através deste trabalho, avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com águas salinas (CEa = 2,2, 5, 10, 15 e 20 dS m-1 sobre a germinação e o crescimento inicial de plântulas, até 120 dias após semeadura (fase I, estendendo-se a avaliação, posteriormente, após repicagem para o viveiro, quando passaram a ser irrigadas com água de CEa = 2,2 dS m-1, durante 120 dias (fase II, estudando-se o efeito residual dos níveis de salinidade aplicados na fase I. Em ambos os experimentos, o delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. As águas salinas foram preparadas com adição de NaCl comercial. Na primeira fase, o incremento da CEa não influenciou significativamente a germinação que variou de 80 a 97,5%, porém afetou a velocidade de germinação e o crescimento das plântulas; na fase de sementeira, a salinidade afetou a fitomassa total a partir de 5,4 dS m-1; o sistema radicular foi a variável mais afetada pela salinidade. Na fase II, as plantas oriundas de germinação sob condições de alta salinidade, após passarem a ser irrigadas com água de 2,2 dS m-1, cresceram no mesmo ritmo daquelas germinadas sem estresse salino.The coconut cultivation is growing in the Northeast Brazil with increase in productivity under irrigated conditions. Saline waters are commonly found in this region and considering the lack of data related to salinity on dwarf-green coconut (Cocos nucifera L., this work had the objective of evaluating the effects of the irrigation with saline waters (ECw = 2.2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS m-1 on the germination and the initial growth of seedlings until 120 days after sowing (phase I, extending the evaluation, later, after transplanting in the nursery, when

Proteomic analysis of halotolerant proteins under high and low salt stress in Dunaliella salina using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis

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Yan-Long Jia

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Dunaliella salina, a single-celled marine alga with extreme salt tolerance, is an important model organism for studying fundamental extremophile survival mechanisms and their potential practical applications. In this study, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE was used to investigate the expression of halotolerant proteins under high (3 M NaCl and low (0.75 M NaCl salt concentrations. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and bioinformatics were used to identify and characterize the differences among proteins. 2D-DIGE analysis revealed 141 protein spots that were significantly differentially expressed between the two salinities. Twenty-four differentially expressed protein spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, including proteins in the following important categories: molecular chaperones, proteins involved in photosynthesis, proteins involved in respiration and proteins involved in amino acid synthesis. Expression levels of these proteins changed in response to the stress conditions, which suggests that they may be involved in the maintenance of intracellular osmotic pressure, cellular stress responses, physiological changes in metabolism, continuation of photosynthetic activity and other aspects of salt stress. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the function and mechanisms of various proteins in salt stress.

Analysis of impact of temperature and saltwater on Nannochloropsis salina bio-oil production by ultra high resolution APCI FT-ICR MS

KAUST Repository

Sanguineti, Michael Mario

2015-05-01

Concentrated Nannochloropsis salina paste was reconstituted in distilled water and synthetic saltwater and processed at 250°C and 300°C via hydrothermal liquefaction. The resulting bio-oils yielded a diverse distribution of product classes, as analyzed by ultra high resolution APCI FT-ICR MS. The organic fractions were analyzed and both higher temperatures and distilled water significantly increase the number of total compounds present and the number of product classes. Major bio-oil products consisted of N1O1, hydrocarbon, and O2 classes, while O1, O4, S1, N1O2, and N2O2 classes represented the more significant minor classes. Both chlorine and sulfur containing compounds were detected in both distilled and saltwater reactions, while fewer numbers of chlorine and sulfur containing products were present in the organic fraction of the saltwater reactions. Further refinement to remove the chlorine and sulfur contents appears necessary with marine microalgal bio-oils produced via hydrothermal liquefaction. The higher heating value (MJ/kg) as calculated by the Boie equation of classes of interest in the bio-oil reveals a significant potential of algal hydrothermal liquefaction products as a sustainable and renewable fuel feedstock. © 2015.

Uso da solução salina para manutenção de acessos venosos em adultos: uma revisão Uso de la solución salina para la manutención de sondas venosas en adultos: una revisión Use of saline solutions for the mantenaince of venous catheters in adults: a review

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Francimar Tinoco de Oliveira

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a prática da salinização em cateteres venosos periféricos. O estudo objetivou analisar os artigos científicos sobre o uso de solução salina na manutenção da permeabilidade de cateteres venosos periféricos em adultos, indexados no MedLine e LILACS no período de 1995 a 2005. A amostra consistiu de 5 artigos os quais foram analisados quanto à procedência e periódico de publicação, ao delineamento do estudo, a amostragem, e ao efeito da solução salina. Dois estudos indicam evidências da salinização, outros dois o oposto e um não é conclusivo. Há pequena produção acerca da temática exigindo-se novas pesquisas para validação do método.Es una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de analizar los resúmenes de salinización de catéteres venosos en el banco de dados MedLine y LILACS en el período de 1995 a 2005 y la base de datos OVID. La muestra se ha compuesto con cinco artículos que se han analizado a partir de la procedencia y periódico de publicación, el delineamiento del estudio, el tamaño de las muestras y si los resultados son conclusivos o no para evidencias de salinización. Dos estudios indican evidencias del efecto de la salinización en la permeabilidad, otro dos lo contrario y uno no es conclusivo. Se concluye que hay poca producción lo que valida nuevas encuestas.This article is a bibliography review about the use of saline solution in peripheral venous catheters. The study aimed at analyzing scientific articles about the use of saline solution for the maintenance of peripheral venous catheters patency in adults, indexed at the MedLine and LILACS databases in the periods between 1995 and 2005. The sample consisted of 5 articles analyzed in publication frequency, saline solution effects, study delineation, and nursing periodic publications. The review concluded that this thematic has a modest production and not conclusive about the efficacy of the saline

Proyecto Vidas paralelas indígena: revelando el pueblo Piratapuia / Waíkhana del Amazonas, Brasil.

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Evelyn NERY

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Este relato de experiencia se refiere al grupo étnico Piratapuia o Waíkhana, que habita el noroccidente del Estado del Amazonas en el Brasil. En este caso, se aborda más especificamente el componente de ese grupo étnico residiendo en el municipio de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro. Se relata la historia del pueblo Saúde Indígena Tempus - Actas de Saúde Coletiva Revista Tempus Actas de Saúde Coletiva 80 Piratapuia más especificamente al componente de ese grupo étnico, en el municipio de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro. Se relata la historia del grupo étnico haciendo énfasis en su migración a partir del Alto Rio Negro para el curso medio del mismo, la influência de la misión saleciana y de la invasión de los buscadores de oro (garimpeiros, así como la convivencia con otras etnias (tukano y yanomami, entre otras. Son mostrados también detalles de la organización social que incluye la estrutura de clanes con sus jerarquías. Se describen las distintas asociaciones indígenas de la región que consiguieron forjar una conciencia en la población del municipío, en donde actualmente 90,0% se asume como perteneciente a grupos étnicos indígenas. Con respecto a la cultura, se detacan las prácticas de cura y auto-cuidado proporcionadas por los “benzederos”. La estructura de sanidad pertenece al polo de Sta. Isabel, con un hospital y una unidad básica de salud, siendo que el Distrito Especial Indígena de Salud fue ampliado para garantizar la cobertura al medio Rio Negro. Sin embargo, se señalan las dificultades generadas por las enormes distancias de desplazamiento.

El proceso de construcción de la identidad del Cabildo Indígena Ambiká-Pijao en el marco de la Política Pública para Pueblos Indígenas en la localidad de Usme. (2005-2015)

OpenAIRE

Daza Alfonso, Felipe Alexander

2016-01-01

El propósito del presente diagnóstico es analizar el proceso de construcción de la identidad del Cabildo Indígena Ambiká-Pijao en la localidad de Usme en la ciudad de Bogotá, desde el año 2005 hasta 2015. Este diagnóstico busca analizar la identidad en el marco de la Política Pública para Pueblos Indígenas de la ciudad de Bogotá, teniendo como elementos centrales las variables del territorio y su pérdida debido al desplazamiento en muchos casos forzado, la cultura, y las características sobre...

76 FR 14063 - Notice of Inventory Completion: University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-15

... Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico. History and Description of the Remains In 1962, human remains representing a... Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo of Zia, New Mexico; San Carlos Apache of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of...

77 FR 32993 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rio Grande...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-04

... to the Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah. History and..., New Mexico; Navajo Nation of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah; Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico (formerly the Pueblo of San Juan); Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New...

Las expediciones a salinas: caravanas en la pampa colonial. El abastecimiento de sal a Buenos Aires (Siglos XVII y XVIII

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Gabriel Darío Taruselli

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El abastecimiento de sal en cantidades sufi cientes fue una de las principales preocupaciones del Cabildo de Buenos Aires. Fue este un producto de importancia vital no sólo por su aplicación en las comidas cotidianas, sino también por su aplicación en la conservación de las carnes y los cueros. Las características de su uso y su obtención, aumentaron su valor, no sólo comercial sino también estratégico. El hallazgo de yacimientos locales permitió a los habitantes de Buenos Aires abastecerse mediante la práctica de expediciones periódicas que fueron promovidas por las autoridades capitulares, lo que les permitió ejercer un mayor control sobre dicha producción. Como la actividad requería una importante capacidad de transporte y de mano de obra, era una práctica aprovechada por muchos para emplearse en ella y para obtener benefi cios con el comercio que se generaba en la oportunidad. Esto convertía a las expediciones a salinas, organizadas por las autoridades de la ciudad, en grandes caravanas que se internaban en pleno territorio indí-gena, involucrando un amplio conjunto de actores sociales tanto de la ciudad como de la campaña y el mundo indígena

Evaluation of Alpha and Gamma Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle Accumulation, Toxicity and Depuration in Artemia Salina Larvae

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Ates, Mehmet; Demir, Veysel; Arslan, Zikri; Daniels, James; Farah, Ibrahim O.; Bogatu, Corneliu

2014-01-01

In this study, Artemia salina (crustacean filter feeders) larvae were used as a test model to investigate the toxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) on marine microorganisms. The uptake, toxicity and elimination of α-Al2O3 (50 nm and 3.5 μm) and γ-Al2O3 (5 nm and 0.4 μm) NPs were studied. Twenty-four and ninety-six hour exposures of different concentrations of Al2O3 NPs to Artemia larvae were conducted in a seawater medium. When suspended in water, Al2O3 NPs aggregated substantially with the sizes ranging from 6.3 nm to > 0.3 μm for spherical NPs, and from 250 to 756 nm for rod-shaped NPs. The phase contrast microscope images revealed that NPs deposited inside the guts as aggregates. ICP-MS analysis showed that large particles (3.5 μm α-Al2O3) were not taken up by Artemia, while fine NPs (0.4 μm γ-Al2O3) and ultra-fine NPs (5 nm γ-Al2O3 and 50 nm α-Al2O3) accumulated substantially. Differences in toxicity were detected as changing with NP size and morphology. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels indicated that smaller γ-Al2O3 (5 nm) NPs were more toxic than larger γ-Al2O3 (0.4 μm) particulates in 96 h. The highest mortality was measured as 34% in 96 h for γ-Al2O3 NPs (5 nm) at 100 mg/L (LC50 > 100 mg/L). γ-Al2O3 NPs were more toxic than α-Al2O3 NPs at in all conditions. PMID:24753078

Marine myxobacteria as a source of antibiotics--comparison of physiology, polyketide-type genes and antibiotic production of three new isolates of Enhygromyxa salina.

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Schäberle, Till F; Goralski, Emilie; Neu, Edith; Erol, Ozlem; Hölzl, Georg; Dörmann, Peter; Bierbaum, Gabriele; König, Gabriele M

2010-09-03

Three myxobacterial strains, designated SWB004, SWB005 and SWB006, were obtained from beach sand samples from the Pacific Ocean and the North Sea. The strains were cultivated in salt water containing media and subjected to studies to determine their taxonomic status, the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of polyketides and antibiotic production. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the type strain Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1(T) as their closest homolog, displaying between 98% (SWB005) and 99% (SWB004 and SWB006) sequence similarity. All isolates were rod-shaped cells showing gliding motility and fruiting body formation as is known for myxobacteria. They required NaCl for growth, with an optimum concentration of around 2% [w/v]. The G + C-content of genomic DNA ranged from 63.0 to 67.3 mol%. Further, the strains were analyzed for their potential to produce polyketide-type structures. PCR amplified ketosynthase-like gene fragments from all three isolates enhances the assumption that these bacteria produce polyketides. SWB005 was shown to produce metabolites with prominent antibacterial activity, including activity towards methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE).

Evaluación de la gestión en el Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia

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Gustavo A. Ballesteros Pelegrín

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar es un territorio multifuncional desde el punto de vista social, económico y ambiental, donde es imposible separar y, por tanto gestionar de forma independiente, las tramas paisajísticas y ecológicas de las tramas socioeconómicas. Para su gestión, la Administración se apoya en el Plan de Ordenación de los Recursos Naturales aprobado en 1995, que sin embargo ha sido ejecutado en el 50 % de su articulado. Se desarrollan diversas iniciativas de conservación de fauna y flora silvestre, recogida de residuos sólidos, una adecuada información al visitante y mejora del conocimiento de los diferentes elementos de los espacios protegido. Sin embargo la participación social es escasa, la Junta Rectora se ha reunido en solo cuatro ocasiones, la última en 2001, se han producido desarrollos urbanísticos en la periferia del Parque que producen deterioro paisajístico y se han desarrollado una serie de infraestructuras que han reducido en unas 7 hectáreas la superficie protegida.

Marine Myxobacteria as a Source of Antibiotics—Comparison of Physiology, Polyketide-Type Genes and Antibiotic Production of Three New Isolates of Enhygromyxa salina

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Gabriele Bierbaum

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Three myxobacterial strains, designated SWB004, SWB005 and SWB006, were obtained from beach sand samples from the Pacific Ocean and the North Sea. The strains were cultivated in salt water containing media and subjected to studies to determine their taxonomic status, the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of polyketides and antibiotic production. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the type strain Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1T as their closest homolog, displaying between 98% (SWB005 and 99% (SWB004 and SWB006 sequence similarity. All isolates were rod-shaped cells showing gliding motility and fruiting body formation as is known for myxobacteria. They required NaCl for growth, with an optimum concentration of around 2% [w/v]. The G + C-content of genomic DNA ranged from 63.0 to 67.3 mol%. Further, the strains were analyzed for their potential to produce polyketide-type structures. PCR amplified ketosynthase-like gene fragments from all three isolates enhances the assumption that these bacteria produce polyketides. SWB005 was shown to produce metabolites with prominent antibacterial activity, including activity towards methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE.

TRANSFORMACIONES ALREDEDOR DEL DISCURSO, PRÁCTICAS EDUCATIVAS, ACTITUDES Y RELACIONES SOCIALES DE LAS MADRES COMUNITARIAS DEL ICBF. "Pueblo Viejo" (Magdalena y el programa "Nichos Pedagógicos"

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Mónica Borjas

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación que da cuenta de las transformaciones que las madres comunitarias tuvieron en torno a su discurso, práctica educativa y relaciones sociales, en el seno del programa de capacitación "Nichos Pedagógicos", orientado por el Instituto de Estudios en Educación iese, de la Universidad del Norte, bajo el patrocinio de la fundación promigas. Inicialmente, se exponen los referentes contextuales relacionados con los aspectos misionales del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar -icbf-y con el municipio de Pueblo Viejo, Magdalena (Colombia, lugar de origen de las madres comunitarias participantes. En segunda instancia, se presentan los referentes de teóricos de las categorías de análisis: Discurso, prácticas e interacciones y, finalmente, se expone una conceptualización de "Nicho Pedagógico", denominación del Programa de Capacitación ofrecido a las madres comunitarias.

Cultural Arts in the Southwest.

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Cross, Kate

1998-01-01

Presents a pottery project for eighth-grade students based on a study of ancient and modern forms of Pueblo Indian pottery of the Southwest United States. Details the process for creating either carved, red clay, or painted white clay pottery typical of these cultural groups. Relates student reactions to the project. (DSK)

Hugo Chávez: de la idea de confederación de estados a la conformación de la alianza bolivariana para los pueblos de nuestra america 10.5102/uri.v10i1.1778

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Eudis Fermin

2012-09-01

Full Text Available En el estudio se analiza los elementos políticos y diplomáticos de la Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América (ALBA, una estrategia unionista contrahegemónica, presentada primero discursivamente, idea de creación de la Confederación de Estados, por el presidente Chávez en los foros latinoamericanos y caribeños durante la etapa 1999-2003, que iniciaría su construcción organizacional e institucional entre el 2004 y 2010 como proyecto político continental, período éste en que logró un posicionamiento geoestratégico para promover e impulsar el desarrollo socio-productivo y las relaciones comerciales de los pueblos. Es un estudio analítico-documental. El presidente Chávez pretende con esta estrategia desmontar la razón del mercado que predomina en la concepción integracionista de los gobiernos latinoamericanos y en los espacios públicos de integración, revelando sus contribuciones nefastas para el aumento de los índices de pobreza y exclusión social en la región, en contradicción al desarrollo social prometido por la derecha promotora del neoliberalismo. Se concluye que en la nueva etapa del proceso de transformación y cambio continúo que está experimentando el continente en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, el gobierno de Chávez esta operacionalizando este enfoque a través de alianzas estratégicas con gobiernos que comparten en su diplomacia presidencial elementos ideológicos y políticos similares para la instauración del nuevo socialismo del siglo XXI.

A systematic correlation analysis of carotenoids, chlorophyll, non-pigmented cell mass, and cell number for the blueprint of Dunaliella salina culture in a photobioreactor.

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Song, Hyeon Gi; Byeon, Seon Yeong; Chung, Goo Yong; Jung, Sang-Myung; Choi, Jung Il; Shin, Hwa Sung

2018-05-28

Microalgal carotenoids are attractive health ingredients, but their production should be optimized to improve cost-effectiveness. Understanding cellular physiology centered on carotenoid synthesis is the prerequisite for this work. Therefore, systematic correlation analyses were conducted among chlorophyll, carotenoids, non-pigmented cell mass, and cell number of Dunaliella salina in a specified condition over a relatively long culture time. First, an integrated correlation was performed: a temporal profile of the carotenoids was correlated with those of other factors, including chlorophyll, non-pigmented cell mass, and cell number. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to identify linearity and monotonicity of the correlation, respectively, and then cross-correlation was executed to determine if the correlation had a time lag. Second, to understand the cellular potential of metabolism, the procedure was repeated to provide a data set composed of the specific synthesis rates of the factors or growth rate, which additionally provided kinetic correlations among the constituting components of the cell, excluding the effect of cell number. This systematic approach could generate a blueprint model that is composed of only what it needs, which could make it possible to efficiently control and optimize the process.

Violencia e invisibilidad indígena. La cuestión de los pueblos originarios durante el primer peronismo

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Sabrina Rosas

2016-04-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo busca profundizar en el análisis de los vínculos existentes entre el primer gobierno peronista y la cuestión indígena, centrándose en las políticas gubernamentales desarrolladas por el gobierno de Perón frente a dos fuertes conflictos violentos que tuvieron lugar entre 1946 y 1947: el “Malón de la paz”, la movilización indígena llevada a cabo entre mayo y agosto de 1947, cuando 174 kollas caminaron 2000 kilómetros desde la Puna y el valle de Orán hasta la Capital Federal para reclamar por la titularidad de sus tierras, en manos de terratenientes y en denuncia de las condiciones de explotación en las que trabajaban; y “Masacre de Rincón Bomba”, el conflicto desarrollado en una pequeña localidad de Formosa, cuando indígenas de comunidades wichi, tobas y principalmente pilagás fueron masacradas por la Gendarmería Nacional en un confuso episodio, que sale a la luz hace pocos años.  El objetivo en ambos puntos es doble: por un lado analizar la relación entre los intereses e intenciones del gobierno de Juan Domingo Perón para con las comunidades originarias, visibilizando su existencia y sus condiciones de vida en tanto sujetos de derechos históricamente vulnerados. Por otro, abrir el debate historiográfico sobre el quehacer de los historiadores respecto de una temática que ha sido silenciada durante décadas, negando la existencia y la identidad de los pueblos originarios.

Efeito da carga de frutos e concentrações salinas no crescimento do meloeiro Cultivado em substrato Effect of fruit load and saline concentrations on the growth of melon cultivated under protected environment

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Tatiana da S Duarte

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do número de frutos por planta e de concentrações salinas em solução nutritiva recirculante, no crescimento do meloeiro cultivado em ambiente protegido e em substrato de casca de arroz crua, durante os meses de fevereiro a maio de 2003. Três números de frutos por planta (2, 3 e 4 e três concentrações salinas da solução nutritiva (1,9; 2,3 e 2,9 dS m-1 foram estudados. A partir dos dados da matéria seca (MS e fresca (MF e da área foliar, acumuladas aos 62 dias após o transplante, foi determinada a produção e a distribuição de biomassa entre as diferentes partes da planta. Os frutos compreenderam de 49 a 55% da MS aérea total produzida pela planta, demonstrando que estes são os órgãos drenos de assimilados mais potentes. O aumento do número de frutos reduziu o peso médio dos frutos, sem afetar a produção e a distribuição de MS total, vegetativa e generativa. Entretanto, aumentou levemente a produção de MF dos frutos e da parte aérea como um todo, favorecendo a distribuição de MF para os frutos. Portanto, o acúmulo de água nos frutos ocorreu em uma proporção diferente do acúmulo da MS. A menor concentração salina da solução nutritiva testada pode ser indicada para o cultivo do meloeiro em substrato de casca de arroz crua durante o outono, pois promove um crescimento da planta similar ao observado nas concentrações mais altas.The effect of fruit load and of saline concentrations in nutrient solution recirculating, was evaluated on the growth of melon plants cultivated under protected cultivation and in raw rice husk, during the months February to May of 2003. Three numbers of fruits/plant (2, 3 and 4 and three saline concentrations of the nutrient solution (1,9; 2,3 and 2,9 dS m-1 were studied. From the data of dry and fresh matter (DM and FM, and of the leaf area accumulated at 62 days after setting, the biomass production and distribution among the different plant parts

Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Dunaliella salina Ds-26-16 Gene Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Escherichia coli.

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Yanlong Wang

Full Text Available We previously screened the novel gene Ds-26-16 from a 4 M salt-stressed Dunaliella salina cDNA library and discovered that this gene conferred salt tolerance to broad-spectrum organisms, including E. coli (Escherichia coli, Haematococcus pluvialis and tobacco. To determine the mechanism of this gene conferring salt tolerance, we studied the proteome of E. coli overexpressing the full-length cDNA of Ds-26-16 using the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification approach. A total of 1,610 proteins were identified, which comprised 39.4% of the whole proteome. Of the 559 differential proteins, 259 were up-regulated and 300 were down-regulated. GO (gene ontology and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses identified 202 major proteins, including those involved in amino acid and organic acid metabolism, energy metabolism, carbon metabolism, ROS (reactive oxygen species scavenging, membrane proteins and ABC (ATP binding cassette transporters, and peptidoglycan synthesis, as well as 5 up-regulated transcription factors. Our iTRAQ data suggest that Ds-26-16 up-regulates the transcription factors in E. coli to enhance salt resistance through osmotic balance, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress protection. Changes in the proteome were also observed in E. coli overexpressing the ORF (open reading frame of Ds-26-16. Furthermore, pH, nitric oxide and glycerol content analyses indicated that Ds-26-16 overexpression increases nitric oxide content but has no effect on glycerol content, thus confirming that enhanced nitric oxide synthesis via lower intercellular pH was one of the mechanisms by which Ds-26-16 confers salt tolerance to E. coli.

Pueblerinos antioqueños en Medellín. La inmigración pueblo-ciudad a partir de un estudio de caso, 1940-1970

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Sandra Patricia Ramírez Patiño

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Durante el siglo XX Medellín, al igual que las demás ciudades del país, experimentó un crecimiento extraordinario del número de sus habitantes, el cual no respondió exclusivamente a un crecimiento vegetativo de la población, sino a una oleada de inmigrantes llegados desde los pueblos de Antioquia, quienes vieron en la ciudad una alternativa para su progreso personal, ya que era el epicentro económico, político, social y cultural de la región. Este artículo afirma y argumenta que no fue la violencia y el desplazamiento producido por esta la principal causa de crecimiento de la ciudad de Medellín durante el siglo XX. Se sostiene que a la hora de inmigrar tuvo mayor significación la oferta educativa y laboral que brindó la ciudad durante el periodo de análisis. A partir del estudio de caso, se espera comprender los grupos, las instituciones o los individuos que se estudian, empleando la recolección de datos, la reducción de datos, el análisis de los mismos y la presentación de los resultados, que permitan establecer las regularidades e identificar las particularidades.

Artisanal salt production in Aveiro/Portugal - an ecofriendly process.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigues, Carolina M; Bio, Ana; Amat, Francisco; Vieira, Natividade

2011-11-04

Solar salinas are man-made systems exploited for the extraction of salt, by solar and wind evaporation of seawater. Salt production achieved by traditional methods is associated with landscapes and environmental and patrimonial values generated throughout history. Since the mid-twentieth century, this activity has been facing a marked decline in Portugal, with most salinas either abandoned or subjected to destruction, making it necessary to find a strategy to reverse this trend.It is, however, possible to generate revenue from salinas at several levels, not merely in terms of good quality salt production, but also by obtaining other products that can be commercialized, or by exploring their potential for tourism, and as research facilities, among others. Furthermore, with an adequate management, biodiversity can be restored to abandoned salinas, which constitute important feeding and breeding grounds for resident and migratory aquatic birds, many of which are protected by European Community Directives.The aims of this manuscript are to present a brief overview on the current state of sea salt exploitation in Portugal and to stress the importance of recovering these salinas for the conservation of this particular environment, for the regional economy, the scientific community and the general public. The Aveiro salina complex is presented in detail, to exemplify salina structure and functioning, as well as current problems and potential solutions for artisanal salinas.

Avaliação da hiperresponsividade brônquica à solução salina hipertônica em crianças e adolescentes Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to hypertonic saline challenge in children and adolescents

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Paulo Kussek

2006-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a hiperresponsividade brônquica à solução salina hipertônica a 4,5% como método alternativo a outros agentes broncoconstritores e sua relação com a sensibilização alérgica do paciente. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, experimental, com 85 indivíduos assim distribuídos: 45 no grupo de asmáticos e 17 no grupo controle não asmáticos e não alérgicos, que completaram o teste. Para nebulizar a solução salina hipertônica foi utilizado um nebulizador ultra-sônico de grande volume, sucessivamente durante 0,5, 1, 2, 4 e 8 minutos até haver queda > 15% em relação ao volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo basal. A dosagem de imunoglobulina E específica ao Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus por ImmunoCap foi considerada positiva quando > 0,35 kU/L. RESULTADOS: No grupo de asmáticos, 36 apresentaram queda média do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo de 27,4% após nebulização de solução salina hipertônica. Nenhum do grupo controle (imunoglobulina E OBJECTIVE: To assess airway hyperresponsiveness to 4.5% hypertonic saline solution in comparison to that obtained through challenge with other bronchoconstriction agents and in relation to patient allergic sensitization. METHODS: A cross-sectional, experimental study was conducted, initially involving 85 subjects. After exclusions, the final sample consisted of 62 patients, divided into two groups: a study group of those with asthma (n = 45 and a control group of those with no asthma or allergies (n = 17. Hypertonic saline was nebulized using an ultrasonic nebulizer and administered successively for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 minutes until a drop in forced expiratory volume in one second of = 15% was achieved in relation to the baseline value. The level of specific immunoglobulin E to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus level was determined by ImmunoCAP assay and was considered positive when > 0.35 kU/L. RESULTS: In the 36 asthma group subjects presenting a

Review Report for Flood Control and Recreational Development, Little Colorado River at Holbrook, Arizona. Volume 2. Technical Appendix.

Science.gov (United States)

1980-09-01

Anasasi culture (Wendorf�: .160). Pueblo I s it is possible that the Kayenta people end thea inhabi- taints of the central Little Colorado shared...the -same Kayenta - type structure during aseakrIII,* Pueblo 1, and early Pueblo It time (Oumerman and Skimner 1968: 139). Anasazi- Mogollon contacts...entity within this area (see Fig. 4). Five early Pueblo II sites, A.D. 900 to 107S, recorded in the Hopi Buttes area are almost pure Kayenta sites

Restructuring proposed for Mexico's Pemex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari soon will send a legislative proposal to Congress that splits state owned Petroleos Mexicanos into four subsidiaries. This paper reports that Pemex functions will be divided into Pemex Exploration ampersand Production, Pemex Refining, Pemex Gas ampersand Basic Petrochemicals, and Pemex Secondary Chemicals. An earlier report the the company would be split into seven units. Each of the four new operating companies will be an independent business unit with a separate board of directors and its own staff and support functions

Coculture induced improved production of biosurfactant by Staphylococcus lentus SZ2: Role in protecting Artemia salina against Vibrio harveyi.

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Hamza, Faseela; Kumar, Ameeta Ravi; Zinjarde, Smita

2018-07-01

Coculturing microorganisms can lead to enhanced production of bioactive compounds as a result of cross-species or cross-genera interactions. In this study, we demonstrate improved production of the biosurfactant (BS-SLSZ2 with antibiofilm properties) by the marine epibiotic bacterium Staphylococcus lentus SZ2 after cross-genera interactions with an aquaculture pathogen Vibrio harveyi. In cocultures, growth of V. harveyi was completely inhibited and resultant biofilms were exclusively composed of S. lentus. The cell free supernatant (CFS) derived from cocultures displayed improved antibiofilm activity with enhanced contents of BS-SLSZ2 compared to monocultured S. lentus. During coculture experiments, after short periods of incubation (6 and 12 h), 2.3 fold increased production of BS-SLSZ2 was observed. Planktonic growth of V. harveyi was also inhibited after coculturing with S. lentus as evidenced from plate culture-based studies and microscopic observations. The CFS derived from monocultures and cocultures did not display bactericidal activity and the observed inhibition of V. harveyi could be of competitive nature. During in vivo challenge experiments, S. lentus protected the model aquaculture system Artemia salina from V. harveyi infections. Seven days post infection, survival of the group of larvae infected with V. harveyi was 5 ± 4.47%. Better survival rates (73.33 ± 5.16%, comparable with the unexposed group) were observed in the group of larvae incubated with S. lentus and V. harveyi. This study highlights increased biosurfactant production by cocultured S. lentus and the application of this bacterium as a protective probiotic strain for inclusion in aquaculture practices. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

El imaginario de la horizontalidad como instrumento de subordinación: la Política de Salud pueblos indígenas en el multiculturalismo neoliberal chileno

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Carlos Piñones Rivera

Full Text Available Resumen El artículo desarrolla un análisis documental de la Política de Salud Pueblos Indígenas chilena desde la Antropología Médica Crítica. Entendiendo las políticas públicas como producciones ideológicas, la contextualiza en la apuesta gubernamental del “Multiculturalismo neoliberal”, analizando el sentido que en ese marco tienen los ejes de interculturalidad, equidad y participación, mostrando el carácter socioculturalista y voluntarista de los diagnósticos y abordajes que la constituyen. Desde un análisis de relaciones de hegemonía/subalternidad, muestra como la ahistoricidad que la caracteriza permite la producción de un imaginario de la horizontalidad en contextos de asimetría de poder, cumpliendo la función ideológica de sostener a la salud intercultural como respuesta ante el problema de la inequidad en salud, opacando la participación que esta política tiene en el proceso de producción de la misma inequidad. Se concluye interrogando la pertinencia de una política construida desde otros supuestos ideológicos.

“Seríamos el espejo de lo que es Villa Pehuenia”: Análisis comparativo-regional de los conflictos territoriales del pueblo mapuche en áreas turísticas de la provincia de Neuquén

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Sebastián Valverde

2010-07-01

Full Text Available En la región cordillerana de Norpatagonia (en la provincia de Neuquén se vienen dando crecientes conflictos territoriales protagonizados por el pueblo indígena mapuche, como resultado de la expansión turística, que posee una importancia central en esta zona. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos como objetivo analizar desde la óptica de la Antropología Social estas dinámicas, atendiendo a los diversos factores causales y a la vez, a la gran diversidad de situaciones dentro de este fenómeno. Se busca sistematizar estos procesos a partir de una perspectiva comparativa que reúne la experiencia de nuestro trabajo en los departamentos de Aluminé, Huiliches, Lácar y Los Lagos.

75 FR 58426 - Notice of Inventory Completion: The Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO; Correction

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-24

... Counsel, The Colorado College c/o Jan Bernstein, President, Bernstein & Associates - NAGPRA Consultants... responsible for notifying the Hopi Tribe of Arizona; Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah; Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico...

Dilemmas and discourses on the continuity of the Indian towns of La Rioja's jurisdiction under the Bourbon reforms Dilemas y discursos sobre la continuidad de los pueblos de indios de la jurisdicción de La Rioja bajo las reformas borbónicas

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Roxana Boixadós

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The work approaches the challenges to the continuity of the towns of raised Indians of the Rioja from the speeches of civil employees, neighborsand you cure parish priests who marked the old native corporation like a "problem" throughout century XVIII. The policies implemented by the borbónica management aimed to obtain greater fiscal collection through periodic empadronamientos and you revisit that they on a par categorizaban to the population that evaluated of critical way the chaste relation between the tributary one and the rights to earth. Diverse proposals of transfers of population, "depopulated" earth leasing or closing threatened the continuity of the towns of Indians and generated different alternatives from chaste answer on the part of the tributary one.El trabajo aborda los desafíos a la continuidad de los pueblos de indios de La Rioja, planteados a partir de los discursos de funcionarios, vecinos y curas párrocos que marcaban a la antigua corporación nativa como un "problema" a lo largo del siglo XVIII. Las políticas implementadas por la gestión borbónica apuntaron a lograr mayor recaudación fiscal a través de periódicos empadronamientos y revisitas que categorizaban a la población, a la par que evaluaban de manera crítica la relación entre la casta tributaria y los derechos a las tierras. Propuestas diversas de traslados de población, arriendo o remate de tierras “despobladas” amenazaron la continuidad de los pueblos de indios y generaron distintas alternativas de respuesta por parte de la casta tributaria.

Fungal population in soils producing quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, under different management systems in the community Kerecaya Municipality of Salinas de Garci Mendoza

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Paco-Pérez Victor

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The Kerecaya community (3700-4000 msnm of the municipality of Salinas of Garci Mendoza of the south altiplano of Bolivia, in spite of your climatics risks. The plots of quinoa present lower organic matter to 0.93%, humidity of the smaller earth to 12.9%, temperature of the earth for under 8.5 oC and pH lower to 8.0. The population of funguses in three types it has studied of earths that went: without farm (without entropic intervention, traditional and mechanized. The humid samples of the earth were gathered to a depth of 6 to 25 cm at random in zig-zag, these to be prosecuted by means of the method of seriate dilution and inoculated in plates with 0.5 mL and it is evaluated the colonies for UFC´s/g of earth, the genre of Penicilli-um spp., with major population of 65.1%, followed for Aspergillus spp., with 24,1% and Trichoderma spp., with minor great quality of 13,8% and the population average in UFC´s/g of earth it went of 1035.4 in with-out farm (without entropic intervention, 959.7 in traditional and 868.2 in the mechanized and the major population was presented in the month of February 1572.8 UFC/g of earth.

Las Teorías de Elton Mayo, La Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas de Abrahan Maslow para Desarrollar las Relaciones Interpersonales, En La Institución Educativa Nº 10103 “Carmen Rosa Fernández Barrera” Del Caserío La Capilla – Pueblo Nuevo - Ferreñafe

OpenAIRE

Duran Chambergo, Elizabeth; Ugaz Castillo, Gustavo

2017-01-01

El objetivo del trabajo es diseñar estrategias para mejorar las relaciones interpersonales de los directivos y docentes de la Institución Educativa Nº 10103 “Carmen Rosa Fernández Barrera” del Caserío la Capilla – Pueblo Nuevo – Ferreñafe, que permita mejorar la gestión institucional, cuyos indicadores dan cuenta de: a) ineficientes relaciones interpersonales, b) equivocados estilos de dirección, c) falta de comunicación laboral, d) exiguas retribuciones y e) escasa disponibilidad de espacios...

Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics at the Crazy Horse Landfill Site in Salinas, California. A Study Prepared in Partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency for the RE-Powering America's Land Initiative: Siting Renewable Energy on Potentially Contaminated Land and Mine Sites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stoltenberg, B.; Konz, C.; Mosey, G.

2013-03-01

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in accordance with the RE-Powering America's Land initiative, selected the Crazy Horse Landfill site in Salinas, California, for a feasibility study of renewable energy production. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was contacted to provide technical assistance for this project. The purpose of this report is to assess the site for a possible photovoltaic (PV) system installation and estimate the cost, performance, operation and maintenance requirements, and site impacts of different PV options. In addition, the report recommends financing options that could assist in the implementation of a PV system at the site.

Las grietas de la imagen: una mirada a la trastienda de las primeras representaciones cinematográficas del pueblo ainu (1897-1918 / The Crevice of the Picture: Behind-The-Scenes Look at the Early Cinematographic Representations of the Ainu People (1897-1918

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Marcos Centeno Martín

2016-08-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo plantea un recorrido histórico por la representación del pueblo ainu en el cine de los orígenes. Hemos dividido el corpus en tres bloques: primero, la presencia ainu entre las primeras actualités de los Lumière rodadas en Japón. Segundo, en las actualités de la compañía Pathé y la referencia a un documental perdido de Torii Rūyzō. Tercero, en los travelogues realizados en Japón por los exploradores en los años 10 Frederick Starr y Benjamin Brodsky. Al comparar el análisis cinematográfico con la realidad social del pueblo ainu se pone de relieve cómo los documentales trataron de proyectar una etnicidad correspondiente a un tiempo anterior al momento en que fueron filmados. Los cineastas buscaron asombrar al público occidental por medio de la visión exótica y ahistórica de un pueblo lejano cultural y geográficamente. El estudio de las circunstancias de producción de las imágenes revela la puesta en escena y la construcción planificada de la identidad ainu. Todo ello acaba por cuestionar la validez del documental etnográfico de la época como testimonio social.Palabras clave: ainu, actualités, travelogue, documental, cine etnográfico, cine japonés, Lumière, Constant Girel, Pathé, Benjamin Brodsky. AbstractThis work is a historical study of the representation of the Ainu people in the early years of cinema. The corpus has been divided into three sections: first, the Ainu in the first Lumière actualités filmed in Japan. Second, in the actualités of Pathé productions and the reference to the lost documentary of Torii Ryozo. Third, in the travelogues made in Japan by Frederick Starr and Benjamin Brodsky in the 1910s.When comparing the film analysis to the social reality of the Ainu, it becomes clear how documentaries tried to project a deceiving ethnicity belonging to a time prior to the moment they were filmed. Thus, filmmakers aimed at causing attraction of the Western audience through the

DERECHOS TERRITORIALES Y PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN MÉXICO: UNA LUCHA POR LA SOBERANÍA Y LA NACIÓN

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Ramón Martínez Coria

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El planteamiento enfoca la situación que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas de México en relación con los procesos de despojo territorial y desplazamiento forzado de poblaciones por los intereses privados, así como el impacto de estos procesos en la supervivencia de sus comunidades y la continuidad de sus patrimonios bioculturales. Buscamos hacer un recuento de los avances y limitaciones de nuestra legislación en el reconocimiento de sus derechos colectivos territoriales específicos, de acuerdo con los estándares internacionales signados por el Estado mexicano, así como su contraste con la aprobación de reformas neoliberales que atentan contra sus territorios y formas culturales, describiendo la emergencia de movimientos de lucha por la justiciabilidad de sus derechos políticos colectivos y de resistencia contra la corrupción generalizada de funcionarios y la privatización de tierras y recursos naturales. TERRITORIAL RIGHTS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN MEXICO: A STRUGGLE FOR SOVEREIGNTY AND NATIONHOOD This article focuses on the situation faced by indigenous peoples in Mexico with regard to processes of territorial dispossession and forced displacement of populations in response to private interests, as well as the impact these processes have on the survival of indigenous communities and the continuity of their biocultural heritage. This article aims to report on the advances and limitations of Mexican law in recognizing specific collective territorial rights following the international standards signed by the Mexican State. These rights are also contrasted with the approved neoliberal reforms, which are an attempt against indigenous territories and cultural forms. It describes the emergence of movements that struggle for the justiciability of their collective political rights and the resistance to generalized corruption among public officials and the privatization of land and natural resources.

Energy management manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1979-06-01

The Pueblo of Laguna lies in the Grants Uranium Belt. The Grants belt is the source of more than half of all uranium produced in the US. Currently the Pueblo has development agreements with Conoco and Anaconda. Only the Anaconda leasehold has been developed - an open pit mine and 2 underground mines. The Pueblo has several areas of concern in managing mineral development. These include monitoring and enforcing performance standards, and taxing severance of uranium from the land. Constraints on tribal regulation of energy development are discussed in Chapter 1. Energy management program needs of the Pueblo of Laguna are discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter three contains the energy management plan to be used by the Pueblo as it formulates and implements an energy development and management strategy. (DMC)

Breve recopilación sobre la historia del Pueblo Gitano: desde su salida del Punjab, hasta la Constitución Española de 1978 Veinte hitos sobre la "otra" historia de España

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Jesús María APARICIO GERVÁS

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Uno de los primeros pasos para trabajar la Educación Intercultural, no nos quepa la menor duda que es el del conocimiento de la realidad del otro. Y en este sentido nos preguntamos, ¿qué conocemos de la historia, las costumbres y las tradiciones del Pueblo Gitano? ¿No estaremos educativamente actuando a través de estereotipos y prejuicios? Pues bien, nuestro objetivo no es otro que el de intentar acercarnos a tan sólo algunos aspectos de su realidad histórica, tan escasamente conocida. Realidad que nos permita incorporarla a la propia Historia de España y que, a su vez, nos facilite, más adelante, el comprender mejor sus costumbres y sus tradiciones. En definitiva, acercarnos un paso más hacia la convivencia.

Wildfire in the valley of the wild roses

Science.gov (United States)

Linda Moon Stumpff

2015-01-01

Santa Clara Indian Pueblo lands are adjacent to the Jemez National Forest, Bandelier National Monument and Valles Caldera National Preserve. This paper explores Pueblo vulnerability and resilience after repeated and devastating fires in this century as a result of drought and climate change. Santa Clara Pueblo holds a rich store of traditional knowledge about the fire-...

Comparative Salt Stress Study on Intracellular Ion Concentration in Marine and Salt-adapted Freshwater Strains of Microalgae

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Ahmad Farhad TALEBI

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Salinity imposes significant stresses in various living organisms including microalgae. High extracellular concentration of Na+ directly influences ionic balance inside the cell and subsequently the cellular activities. In the present study, the effect of such stress on growth and intracellular ions concentration (IIC of Dunaliella salina and Chlorella Spp. was investigated. IIC was analyzed using Ion chromatography technique. D. salina showed the highest degree of resistance to increase in salinity as little changes occurred both in IIC and in growth parameters. D. salina could maintain the balance of K+ inside the cell and eject the excess Na+ even at NaCl concentrations above 1M. Moreover, D. salina accumulated β-carotene in order to protect its photosynthetic apparatus. Among Chlorella species, C. vulgaris showed signs of adaptation to high content of salinity, though it is a fresh water species by nature. Moreover, the response shown by C. vulgaris to rise in salinity was even stronger than that of C. salina, which is presumably a salt-water resistant species. In fact, C. vulgaris could maintain intracellular K+ better than C. salina in response to increasing salinity, and as a result, it could survive at NaCl concentrations as high as 0.75 M. Marine strains such as D. salina well cope with the fluctuations in salinity through the existing adaptation mechanisms i.e. maintaining the K+/N+ balance inside the cell, K+ accumulation and Na+ ejection, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments like β-carotene.

Produção de mudas de limão cravo em substrato com biofertilizante bovino irrigado com águas salinas Production of rangpur lemon seedlings in substrate with bovine biofertilizer irrigated with saline water

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Alex Matheus Rebequi

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Um experimento foi instalado no período de março a maio de 2008, em ambiente telado, para avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação e do biofertilizante bovino na formação de mudas de limão cravo. O substrato foi material dos primeiros 20 cm de um Argissolo Amarelo Distrófico não salino, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com seis repetições, referente a cinco valores de condutividades elétrica da água de irrigação (0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS.m-1, obtidos pela diluição de uma água fortemente salina (14,3 dS.m-1 com água não salina (0,5 dS.m-1, em solo sem e com biofertilizante comum, diluído em água na proporção de 1:1 aplicado ao nível de 10% do volume do substrato, um dia antes da semeadura. Pelos resultados, se constatou superioridade dos dados obtidos nos tratamentos com o biofertilizante em relação aos dos tratamentos sem o respectivo insumo.One experiment was developed during the period from March to May of 2008 in a canvassed shelter to evaluate the effects of saline water and bovine biofertilizer on seedling formation of rangpur lemon. The substrate used was composed by soil at 20 cm depth of a non saline yellow distrofic Oxisoil, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 5 x 2 with six repetitions, referring to water electrical conductivity (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 e 4.0 dS.m-1 obtained by dilution of saline water (14.3 dS.m-1 with non saline water (0.5 dS.m-1 in soil with and without biofertilizer diluted in water 1:1 proportion applied in 10% of substrate volume, one day before sowing. According to results, it was observed a superiority of data from treatments with biofertilizer in relation to those without this product.

Trocas gasosas e teores de minerais no feijão-de-corda irrigado com água salina em diferentes estádios Gas exchange and mineral concentration in cowpea irrigated with saline water at different stages

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Antonia L. R. Neves

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos da aplicação de água salina nos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento de plantas de feijão-de-corda sobre as trocas gasosas, o crescimento e os teores de minerais. O experimento foi conduzido no campo e obedeceu o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 - água do poço (CEa de 0,8 dS m-1 durante todo o ciclo (controle; T2 - água salina (CEa de 5,0 dS m-1 durante todo o ciclo; T3, T4 e T5 - água salina de 0 a 22, de 23 a 42 e de 43 a 62 dias após o plantio (DAP, respectivamente. As plantas dos tratamentos T3, T4 e T5 foram irrigadas com água do poço nas demais fases do ciclo. Realizaram-se, ao longo do ciclo da cultura, medições de trocas gasosas e se determinaram a produção de matéria seca e os teores de Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, N e P. Os tratamentos T2 e T3 em relação ao T1 (controle, reduziram as taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração e as taxas de crescimento vegetativo e provocaram acúmulo, especialmente de Na+ e Cl-, porém se verificou, nas plantas do T3, recuperação de todas essas variáveis ao final do ciclo da cultura. As alterações no acúmulo de Na+ e Cl- nas plantas dos tratamentos T4 e T5 não foram suficientes para provocar efeitos significativos nas trocas gasosas nem nas taxas de crescimento da cultura, em comparação com as plantas do T1.The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of irrigation with saline water, applied at different development stages of cowpea, on gas exchange, growth and nutrient concentration. The experiment was set up in the field, in a completely randomized block design, with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments studied were: T1 - Groundwater with electrical conductivity (ECw of 0.8 dS m-1 during the whole crop cycle (control; T2 - saline water (ECw = 5.0 dS m-1 during the whole crop cycle; T3, T4 and T5 - saline water from 0

Sistema de información geográfico catastral de La Pobla de Lillet

OpenAIRE

Hernández Campà, Ricard

2009-01-01

En el proyecto en cuestión me he decantado por realizar una aplicación catastral de mi pueblo, La Pobla de Lillet, ya que es un pueblo pequeño en el que toda la información catastral a nivel municipal se encuentra en planos poco detallados y se basa de una base de datos poco concreta y que puede dar lugar a situaciones erróneas. Debido a las características del pueblo he querido realizar esta aplicación catastral para poder mostrar que con un buen programa en el pueblo se podría tener una mej...

¡ESTAMOS EN GUERRA, SEÑORES!: EL RÉGIMEN MILITAR DE PINOCHET Y EL "PUEBLO", 1973-1980

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Verónica Valdivia Ortiz de Zárate

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la relación del régimen militar del general Augusto Pinochet con los sectores populares durante la década de 1970, poniendo en cuestión las afirmaciones de un entendimiento excluyente con la alta burguesía. La hipótesis sostiene que el régimen se propuso cooptar al mundo popular, históricamente asociado al centro y la izquierda política y que, por lo tanto, su relación con el “pueblo” no se remitió exclusivamente a la represión. Ello se habría debido a que la “guerra” declarada al marxismo tenía un carácter ideológico y, por ende, requería la resocialización de dichos grupos sociales. El contexto internacional y la crisis económica, asimismo, devolvieron su importancia política al pueblo como agente legitimador del régimen. Desde un punto vista conceptual, este trabajo busca repensar la categoría de Estado burocrático autoritario que se ha aplicado a las dictaduras militares del Cono Sur americano, dentro de las cuales se ha incluido el caso chileno.This article analyzes the relationship between the military regime of General Augusto Pinochet and Chile’s popular sectors during the 1970’s, questioning the common view that posits an exclusionary understanding between that government and the high bourgeoisie. The thesis sustains that Pinochet’s dictatorship set out to co-opt the popular milieu, historically associated with center and left-wing politics, and that, therefore, its relationship with the “people” was not based solely on repression. The reason for this is that the “war” waged against Marxism had an ideological foundation, and thus required the re-socialization of those social actors. The international context and the economic crisis, likewise, reinforced people’s political centrality as a legitimizing agent. From a conceptual standpoint, this article seeks to reconsider the model of the “Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State” applied to the military dictatorships of

Determination of 54 pesticides in waters of the Iberian Douro River estuary and risk assessment of environmentally relevant mixtures using theoretical approaches and Artemia salina and Daphnia magna bioassays.

Science.gov (United States)

Cruzeiro, Catarina; Amaral, Sofia; Rocha, Eduardo; Rocha, Maria João

2017-11-01

As a case study, the estuary of the international Douro River (Iberian Peninsula) was sampled over a year (2010) at six sampling sites to determine the presence of 56 pesticides of different categories (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides). 96% of measured pesticides were detected in 79% of the quantified samples. Individual average pesticide concentrations ranged from 39 to 1 265ng/L, indicating a ubiquitous presence of the selected compounds; moreover, twelve pesticides were above the 2013/39/EU Directive limits. Due to its highly impacted profile, a theoretical hazard assessment was done considering the average and maximum environmental mixtures of all measured pesticides to identify the most sensitive trophic level. For both environmental mixtures, the theoretical approach suggested that invertebrates were the most sensitive group. Therefore, short-time exposure assays using both invertebrates Artemia salina and Daphnia magna, were done using the referred mixtures. Data demonstrated significant toxic effects ─ high mortality rate and abnormal swimming behaviour ─ of the exposed animals. Both approaches (theoretical and experimental) support the analytical results, alerting for an intervention on this estuarine environment and of other comparable. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Shallow geothermal investigations into the existence of the Valles Caldera outflow plume near Ponderosa and Jemez Pueblo, north-central, New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Salaz, Robert Ezekiel

Geothermal research within the Jemez Mountains spans several decades and is documented in many papers. This study serves to extend the research boundary to the south and east outside of Valles caldera and Canon de San Diego, where the main occurrences of geothermal activity are located. The focus of this investigation is to test for a deep ~900 m, stratigraphically-bound thermal aquifer within the Madera Limestone along the western margin of the Santo Domingo basin transition zone near Ponderosa and Jemez Pueblo, in north-central New Mexico. Numerous springs were sampled for aqueous geochemistry to identify leakage of a deeper geothermal aquifer into shallow aquifers. Wells were sampled for temperature anomalies. In addition, two travertine deposits were analyzed for stable isotope composition and one deposit was dated using U-Series techniques to assess the timing and origin of deposition. This study is important because researchers in other extensional basins have identified reasonably good geothermal reservoirs in deep carbonate aquifers that are similar in geologic setting to the Madera Limestone aquifer of this study. The existence of a deep geothermal aquifer near Ponderosa and Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico could prove to be another prospect for geothermal exploration in the Jemez Mountains. Aqueous geochemistry of springs are plotted on ternary Piper diagrams to help classify similar geochemical trends and group these trends into recognizable patterns. These data indicate calcium carbonate rich waters in the north that may gradationally change to alkaline type waters as they flow south through the study area. Contrasting this data, SiO2 and TDS concentrations show two separate systems that may indicate separate confined aquifers. Two distinct TDS regions are observed, one with higher concentrations (>1000 ppm) shows a decrease from N-S and one with lower concentrations (<600 ppm) shows an increase from N-S. The data indicate that the waters can be classified as

Dengue antiviral activity of polar extract from Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. Visenia

Science.gov (United States)

Hariani Soekamto, Nunuk; Liong, S.; Fauziah, S.; Wahid, I.; Firdaus; Taba, P.; Ahmad, F.

2018-03-01

A research on the dengue antiviral activity test on the polar bark extract of M. umbelatta (Houtt.) Stapf var. Vicenia have been done to determine the relation to its activity againts brine shrimp Artemia salina. The bark was extracted by maceration with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethylacetate. The activity of the ethyl acetate extract was then tested against A. salina and dengue virus. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract was active to A. salina with the LC50 value of 101.66 μg/mL and also very active to dengue virus with the IC50 value of 1.67μg/mL. It is clear that the toxicity to brine shrimp A. salina has a positive correlation with the dengue anti virus.

Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins, 2005-California GAMA Priority Basin Project

Science.gov (United States)

Kulongoski, Justin T.; Belitz, Kenneth

2011-01-01

Groundwater quality in the approximately 1,000 square mile (2,590 km2) Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins (MS) study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in central California in Monterey, Santa Cruz, and San Luis Obispo Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The GAMA MS study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated (raw) groundwater in the primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers). The assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2005 by the USGS from 97 wells and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifers were defined by the depth intervals of the wells listed in the CDPH database for the MS study unit. The quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers may be different from that in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. The first component of this study, the status of the current quality of the groundwater resource, was assessed by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOC), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the primary aquifers of the MS study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the health- or aesthetic-based benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal and (or) California regulatory or

Bioensayo General de Letalidad en Artemia Salina, a Las Fracciones del Extracto Etanólico De Psidium Guajava. L y Psidium Guineense. Sw

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Lizbeth Sánchez

2005-10-01

Full Text Available El estudio se centró en la evaluación y verificación de la letalidad de las fracciones acetato de etilo, obtenida de los extractos etanólicos de los frutos en estado de madurez, verde y pintón, utilizando la cáscara y pulpa de las especies guayaba (Psidium guajava L y Choba (Psidium guineense Sw. La valoración se llevó a cabo mediante el bioensayo en Artemia salina, a través del cual, se evidencia el siguiente proceso: determinar la concentración letal 50 (CL50 utilizando el medio artificial a Ph 7-8, burbujear con el fin de saturar de oxígeno la solución, controlar la eclosión de los huevos a 25 °C despuésde 48 horas, preparar la solución madre y las de trabajo a concentraciones de 1500, 1000, 500,100, 10 g/ml, control positivo estricnina a 80, 70, 60, 50 g/ml, blanco solvente etanol a 80 g/ml. El ensayo biológico se realizó siguiendo las metodologías propuestas por Gualdrón, R (1994; Cyted (1995;Martínez, C (1999 y McLaughlin, J (1997. Comprobada la letalidad de las fracciones acetato del extracto etanólico de Psidium guajava. L y Psidium guineense. Sw mostró CL50 de 181.4 y 221.30g/ml respectivamente, los resultados se evaluaron según Gautret (2000.

Crescimento e acúmulo de N, P e K pelo meloeiro irrigado com água salina Growth and N, P and K accumulation by melon irrigated with saline water

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José Francismar de Medeiros

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O uso de água salina na irrigação é muito comum em cultivos de melão em regiões semi-áridas, o que pode resultar na salinização do solo e redução de rendimento se o manejo da irrigação não for adequado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de N, P e K em plantas de melão (Cucumis melo, L. irrigadas com água salina. Os tratamentos estudados resultaram da combinação de dois fatores: salinidade da água de irrigação (1,1; 2,5 e 4,5 dS m-1 e materiais de melão (híbrido Trusty e cultivar Orange Flesh. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 2. A época de coleta de plantas foi analisado como outro fator e os resultados interpretados por análise multivariada. As plantas amostradas foram fracionadas em folhas + ramos e frutos, determinaram-se as produções de matérias secas e os conteúdos de N, P e K nestes materiais. Os acúmulos dos nutrientes nos frutos e de fitomassa seca na planta diminuíram com o incremento da salinidade da água de irrigação. Os frutos exportaram, em média, 57,1%, 67,1% e 70,0% dos totais de N, P, K, absorvidos pela planta e alocados na parte aérea, mostrando, portanto, que foram o principal dreno para estes nutrientes na planta.The use of saline water for irrigation is very common in cultivation of melon in semiarid zones, which can result in the soil salinization if irrigation management is not appropriate. The growth and accumulation of N, P and K by melon (Cucumis melo, L. irrigated with saline water was evaluated. Treatments resulted from the combination of the factors irrigation water salinity levels (1.1; 2.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 and melon materials (hybrid Trusty and cultivar Orange Flesh. Treatments were arranged following a completely randomized block design with four replications, arranged in 3 x 2 factorial. Another factor analyzed was time of

Manipulation of carbon flux into fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in Dunaliella salina using AccD and ME genes to enhance lipid content and to improve produced biodiesel quality

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Ahmad Farhad Talebi

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Advanced generations of biofuels basically revolve around non-agricultural energy crops. Among those, microalgae owing to its unique characteristics i.e. natural tolerance to waste and saline water, sustainable biomass production and high lipid content (LC, is regarded by many as the ultimate choice for the production of various biofuels such as biodiesel. In the present study, manipulation of carbon flux into fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in Dunaliella salina was achieved using pGH plasmid harboring AccD and ME genes to enhance lipid content and to improve produced biodiesel quality. The stability of transformation was confirmed by PCR after several passages. Southern hybridization of AccD probe with genomic DNA revealed stable integration of the cassette in the specific positions in the chloroplast genome with no read through transcription by indigenous promoters. Comparison of the LC and fatty acid profile of the transformed algal cell line and the control revealed the over-expression of the ME/AccD genes in the transformants leading to 12% increase in total LC and significant improvements in biodiesel properties especially by increasing algal oil oxidation stability. The whole process successfully implemented herein for transforming algal cells by genes involved in lipid production pathway could be helpful for large scale biodiesel production from microalgae.

La brecha entre el reconocimiento y la implementación de los derechos territoriales de los pueblos indígenas: análisis sobre su configuración en las normas, las políticas y los jueces, tras la aprobación de la Constitución Política de 1991

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Onofre, Juan Pablo

2014-01-01

La del acceso a la tierra y su distribución, ha sido una problemática transversal a la historia de los conflictos sociales en el país. En el caso de los pueblos indígenas, la existencia de todo un marco jurídico nacional e internacional que reconoce sus derechos territoriales, así como de importantes avances que a este punto se han producido en cuanto a titulación de tierras de resguardo en nuestro país, fueron dos factores que invitaron a preguntarnos en este trabajo por las dinámicas que, a...

Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the marine Cenozoic from the Gran Bajo and Salinas del Gualicho , Argentina and description of 17 new species

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Valeria A Reichler

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La estratigrafía de la Formación Gran Bajo del Gualicho se presenta con mayor detalle, proponiéndose los nuevos Miembros Saladar y Arrióla, precisando la sucesión faunística integrada por 35 géneros y 41 especies, de las cuales 17 son nuevas y se describen en este estudio: Anadara australis sp. nov., Cubitostrea delrioi sp. nov, Amusium rorii sp. nov., Zygochlamys rizzoloi sp. nov,Pododesmus (Monia atlántica sp. nov, Tawera canalei sp. nov.,Dosinia (Dosinia salarensis sp. nov, 'Spirocolpus' adapicis sp. nov, Torcula magna sp. nov,Magnatica hansi sp. nov., Eudo-lium lissiei sp. nov, Sconsia magdai sp. nov., Chicoreus (Chicoreus guadalupei sp. nov, Penion patagonensis sp. nov, Mitra (Fusimitra carlosi sp. nov, Austroimbricaria brugnii sp. nov. y Polystira cingula sp. nov. El reconocimiento de la Asociación de Moluscos NVG (Nodipecten sp.-Venericor abasolensis-Glycymerita camaronesia sitúa al Membro Saladar nov. en el Moceno Temprano alto-Mioceno Medio bajo y lo correlaciona con la sección superior de la Formación Chenque y con los estratos portadores de Venericor de las formaciones Gaiman y Vaca Mahuida. La fauna de este miembro constituye una evidencia más respecto a la diferenciación en franjas climáticas postulada para Patagonia a partir del Oligoceno Tardío-Mioceno Temprano. En el Miembro Arrióla nov., la asociación recuperada indica probablemente la biozona de Aequipecten paranensis y su relación estratigráfica con la Formación Puerto Madryn del Moceno Tardío bajo, extendiendo el área abarcada por la Provincia Valdesiana hasta las Salinas del Gualicho. La fauna del Miembro Saladar presenta mayor afinidad con las que integran las formaciones Monte León y Chenque, mientras que la del Miembro Arrióla es más afín con las de las formaciones Puerto Madryn y Paraná. Las formaciones chilenas Navidad y Guadal presentan respectivamente el 30% y el 10% de los géneros en común con la fauna del Miembro Saladar

River analysis and floodplain modeling using HEC-GeoRAS/RAS, GIS and ArcGIS: a case study for the Salinas River

Science.gov (United States)

Mishra, P. K.; Bernini Campos, H. E.

2016-12-01

The lower portion of the Salinas River in Monterey bay, California has a history of flood, lots of study has been made ab out the water quality since the river provides water for the crops around, but is still in need a detailed study about the river behavior and flood analysis. The floods did significant damage, affecting valuable landing farms, residences and businesses in Monterey County. The first step for this study is comprehend and collect the river bathymetry and surroundings and then analyze the discharge and how it is going to change with time. This thesis develops a model about the specific site, recruiting real data from GIS and performing a flow simulation according to flow data provided by USGS, to verify water surface elevation and floodplain. The ArcMap, developed by ESRI, was used along with an extension (HEC-GeoRAS) because it was indeed the most appropriate model to work with the Digital Elevation Model, develop the floodplain and characterizing the land surface accurately in the study site. The HEC-RAS software, developed by US Army Corp of Engineers, was used to compute one-dimension steady flow and two-dimension unsteady flow, providing flow velocity, water surface elevation and profiles, total surface area, head and friction loss and other characteristics, allowing the analysis of the flow. A mean discharge, a mean peak streamflow and a peak discharge were used for the steady flow and a Hydrograph was used for the unsteady flow, both are based on the 1995 flood and discharge history. This study provides important information about water surface elevation and water flow, allowing stakeholders and the government to analyze solutions to avoid damage to the society and landowners.

Complete Sequence and Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genome of Hemiselmis andersenii CCMP644 (Cryptophyceae

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Bowman Sharen

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Cryptophytes are an enigmatic group of unicellular eukaryotes with plastids derived by secondary (i.e., eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis. Cryptophytes are unusual in that they possess four genomes–a host cell-derived nuclear and mitochondrial genome and an endosymbiont-derived plastid and 'nucleomorph' genome. The evolutionary origins of the host and endosymbiont components of cryptophyte algae are at present poorly understood. Thus far, a single complete mitochondrial genome sequence has been determined for the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina. Here, the second complete mitochondrial genome of the cryptophyte alga Hemiselmis andersenii CCMP644 is presented. Results The H. andersenii mtDNA is 60,553 bp in size and encodes 30 structural RNAs and 36 protein-coding genes, all located on the same strand. A prominent feature of the genome is the presence of a ~20 Kbp long intergenic region comprised of numerous tandem and dispersed repeat units of between 22–336 bp. Adjacent to these repeats are 27 copies of palindromic sequences predicted to form stable DNA stem-loop structures. One such stem-loop is located near a GC-rich and GC-poor region and may have a regulatory function in replication or transcription. The H. andersenii mtDNA shares a number of features in common with the genome of the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina, including general architecture, gene content, and the presence of a large repeat region. However, the H. andersenii mtDNA is devoid of inverted repeats and introns, which are present in R. salina. Comparative analyses of the suite of tRNAs encoded in the two genomes reveal that the H. andersenii mtDNA has lost or converted its original trnK(uuu gene and possesses a trnS-derived 'trnK(uuu', which appears unable to produce a functional tRNA. Mitochondrial protein coding gene phylogenies strongly support a variety of previously established eukaryotic groups, but fail to resolve the relationships among higher

Marker list: QM83877 [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available TGTATCATCG cv. Valmaine x cv. Salinas 88 and Salinas LG_02 ... Tvr1 (dieback, a soilborne disease caused by two viruses from the family Tombusviridae) 3 10.1186/1471-2229-9-135 19930659

Crescimento do feijão caupi submetido a inoculação com rizóbio e irrigação com água salina

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Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A fixação biológica do nitrogênio (FBN é caracterizada pela conversão do nitrogênio gasoso (N2 em nitrogênio amoniacal (NH4, forma disponível às plantas. A cultura do feijão caupi gera em média 1.055.334 empregos, o potencial de suprimento alimentar é de 26.486.755 pessoas e o valor da produção é de R$ 643,09 milhões. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar parâmetros de crescimento no Feijão caupi irrigado com água salina. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1, sendo cada unidade experimental representada por uma planta/vaso, com capacidade de 1,5 Kg de solo. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos às análises de variância, pelo teste de Tukey a 1 e 5% de significância. O acréscimo da salinidade afeta o número de folhas, diâmetro do caule e área foliar. Quanto ao desenvolvimento da cultura, todas as variáveis são afetadas após os 30 DAE.

Composição química, atividade antibacteriana in vitro e toxicidade em Artemia salina do óleo essencial das inflorescências de Ocimum gratissimum L., Lamiaceae Chemical composition, antibacterial activity in vitro and brine-shrimp toxicity of the essential oil from inflorescences of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lamiaceae.

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Lenise L. Silva

2010-11-01

Full Text Available O óleo essencial das inflorescências de Ocimum gratissimum L., Lamiaceae foi obtido por hidrodestilação e analisado por CG/EM. Os constituintes majoritários identificados foram eugenol (81,94% e γ-muuroleno (12,58%. O óleo essencial das inflorescências demonstrou atividade antibacteriana frente a todas as cepas bacterianas testadas pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Merece destaque a atividade verificada frente às cepas resistentes de Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Os valores obtidos de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM e a concentração bactericida mínima (CBM variaram, respectivamente, entre 0,5-2 mg/mL e 1-4 mg/mL. Valores de CL50 de 233,8 (200,7-272,0 µg/mL para o óleo essencial e 186,1 (144,1-228,5 µg/mL para o eugenol, utilizado como controle positivo, foram observados frente à Artemia salina L.The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the inflorescences of Ocimum gratissimum L. was analyzed by GC/MS. The main constituents were eugenol (81.94% and γ-muurolene (12.58%. Antibacterial activity was shown against all assayed strains by the broth microdilution method. It's worth noting the activity against resistant strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC values ranged between 0.5-2 mg/mL and 1-4 mg/mL, respectively. Preliminary toxicity assayed by the brine-shrimp (Artemia salina L. test showed LC50 values of 233.8 (200.7 - 272.0 µg/mL and 186.1 (144.1 - 228.5 µg/mL, respectively for the essential oil and eugenol (positive control.

Resposta de plantas de melancieira irrigadas com água salina ao tratamento pré-germinativo da semente com H2O2

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Auderlan de Macena Pereira

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE O manejo da água é um dos fatores mais importantes para uma efetiva absorção de nutrientes, uma vez que esta pode apresentar-se com elevadas concentrações de sais, o que pode afetar o processo de absorção, bem como causar estresse oxidativo nos vegetais, devido as espécies reativas de oxigênios (EROs, principalmente H2O2. As plantas evoluíram um complexo sistema antioxidante para conter os efeitos deletérios das EROs, é possível que a pré-exposição das plantas ao H2O2 possibilite uma adaptação das mesmas. Estudando-se uma alternativa para amenizar os efeitos deletérios das EROs,objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a resposta de plantas de melancieira, irrigadas com água salina, ao tratamento pré-germinativo da semente com H2O2. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar-CCTA, da UFCG-Pombal – PB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas 2x5, com 4 repetições, com a parcela constando de dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (S1 = água de abastecimento local, 0,32 dSm-1; e S2 =  água salina, 2,0 dS m-1 e a subparcela de sementes de melancieira tratadas com solução de H2O2 em cinco concentrações (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 µmol L-1. As aplicações foram feitas via água de irrigação, junto à solução nutritiva a 100%, utilizada como fonte de nutrientes. O experimento foi conduzido até o início da floração (45 DAS, quando foram avaliadas as seguintes características de crescimento: Massa Fresca da Parte Aérea, Massa Seca da Parte Aérea, Número de Folhas por Planta e Comprimento da Haste Principal. Avalio-use também as características fisiológicas: Taxa de Fotossíntese, Transpiração, Condutância Estomática e Concentração de CO2 intracelular. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância ao nível de 5 % de probabilidade. Os níveis de salinidades da �

Contrasting the Genetic Patterns of Microbial Communities in Soda Lakes with and without Cyanobacterial Bloom.

Science.gov (United States)

Andreote, Ana P D; Dini-Andreote, Francisco; Rigonato, Janaina; Machineski, Gabriela Silva; Souza, Bruno C E; Barbiero, Laurent; Rezende-Filho, Ary T; Fiore, Marli F

2018-01-01

Soda lakes have high levels of sodium carbonates and are characterized by salinity and elevated pH. These ecosystems are found across Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, North, Central, and South America. Particularly in Brazil, the Pantanal region has a series of hundreds of shallow soda lakes (ca. 600) potentially colonized by a diverse haloalkaliphilic microbial community. Biological information of these systems is still elusive, in particular data on the description of the main taxa involved in the biogeochemical cycling of life-important elements. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to contrast the composition and functional patterns of the microbial communities of two distinct soda lakes from the sub-region Nhecolândia, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. These two lakes differ by permanent cyanobacterial blooms (Salina Verde, green-water lake) and by no record of cyanobacterial blooms (Salina Preta, black-water lake). The dominant bacterial species in the Salina Verde bloom was Anabaenopsis elenkinii . This cyanobacterium altered local abiotic parameters such as pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen and consequently the overall structure of the microbial community. In Salina Preta, the microbial community had a more structured taxonomic profile. Therefore, the distribution of metabolic functions in Salina Preta community encompassed a large number of taxa, whereas, in Salina Verde, the functional potential was restrained across a specific set of taxa. Distinct signatures in the abundance of genes associated with the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur were found. Interestingly, genes linked to arsenic resistance metabolism were present at higher abundance in Salina Verde and they were associated with the cyanobacterial bloom. Collectively, this study advances fundamental knowledge on the composition and genetic potential of microbial communities inhabiting tropical soda lakes.

Contrasting the Genetic Patterns of Microbial Communities in Soda Lakes with and without Cyanobacterial Bloom

Science.gov (United States)

Andreote, Ana P. D.; Dini-Andreote, Francisco; Rigonato, Janaina; Machineski, Gabriela Silva; Souza, Bruno C. E.; Barbiero, Laurent; Rezende-Filho, Ary T.; Fiore, Marli F.

2018-01-01

Soda lakes have high levels of sodium carbonates and are characterized by salinity and elevated pH. These ecosystems are found across Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, North, Central, and South America. Particularly in Brazil, the Pantanal region has a series of hundreds of shallow soda lakes (ca. 600) potentially colonized by a diverse haloalkaliphilic microbial community. Biological information of these systems is still elusive, in particular data on the description of the main taxa involved in the biogeochemical cycling of life-important elements. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to contrast the composition and functional patterns of the microbial communities of two distinct soda lakes from the sub-region Nhecolândia, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. These two lakes differ by permanent cyanobacterial blooms (Salina Verde, green-water lake) and by no record of cyanobacterial blooms (Salina Preta, black-water lake). The dominant bacterial species in the Salina Verde bloom was Anabaenopsis elenkinii. This cyanobacterium altered local abiotic parameters such as pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen and consequently the overall structure of the microbial community. In Salina Preta, the microbial community had a more structured taxonomic profile. Therefore, the distribution of metabolic functions in Salina Preta community encompassed a large number of taxa, whereas, in Salina Verde, the functional potential was restrained across a specific set of taxa. Distinct signatures in the abundance of genes associated with the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur were found. Interestingly, genes linked to arsenic resistance metabolism were present at higher abundance in Salina Verde and they were associated with the cyanobacterial bloom. Collectively, this study advances fundamental knowledge on the composition and genetic potential of microbial communities inhabiting tropical soda lakes. PMID:29520256

Contrasting the Genetic Patterns of Microbial Communities in Soda Lakes with and without Cyanobacterial Bloom

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Ana P. D. Andreote

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Soda lakes have high levels of sodium carbonates and are characterized by salinity and elevated pH. These ecosystems are found across Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, North, Central, and South America. Particularly in Brazil, the Pantanal region has a series of hundreds of shallow soda lakes (ca. 600 potentially colonized by a diverse haloalkaliphilic microbial community. Biological information of these systems is still elusive, in particular data on the description of the main taxa involved in the biogeochemical cycling of life-important elements. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to contrast the composition and functional patterns of the microbial communities of two distinct soda lakes from the sub-region Nhecolândia, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. These two lakes differ by permanent cyanobacterial blooms (Salina Verde, green-water lake and by no record of cyanobacterial blooms (Salina Preta, black-water lake. The dominant bacterial species in the Salina Verde bloom was Anabaenopsis elenkinii. This cyanobacterium altered local abiotic parameters such as pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen and consequently the overall structure of the microbial community. In Salina Preta, the microbial community had a more structured taxonomic profile. Therefore, the distribution of metabolic functions in Salina Preta community encompassed a large number of taxa, whereas, in Salina Verde, the functional potential was restrained across a specific set of taxa. Distinct signatures in the abundance of genes associated with the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur were found. Interestingly, genes linked to arsenic resistance metabolism were present at higher abundance in Salina Verde and they were associated with the cyanobacterial bloom. Collectively, this study advances fundamental knowledge on the composition and genetic potential of microbial communities inhabiting tropical soda lakes.

Viral lysis of Phaeocystis pouchetii: implications for algal population dynamics and heterotrophic C, N and P cycling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haaber, Jakob Brandt Borup; Middelboe, Mathias

2009-01-01

in the microbial food web was associated with significant N and P mineralization, supporting the current view that viral lysates can be an important source of inorganic nutrients in marine systems. In the presence of R. salina, the generated NH(4)(+) supported 11% of the observed R. salina growth. Regrowth...... of virus-resistant P. pouchetii following cell lysis was observed in long-term incubations (150 days), and possibly influenced by nutrient availability and competition from R. salina. The observed impact of viral activity on autotrophic and heterotrophic processes provides direct experimental evidence...

Influência da irrigação com água salina na cultura do girassol Influence of irrigation with saline water on sunflower

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Francisco Alexandre de Morais

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O presente experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da irrigação com água salina no crescimento e na produção de girassol (híbrido H251, além de monitorar a evolução de alguns atributos químicos do solo ao longo do ciclo da cultura. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis diferentes estratégias de irrigação, sendo cinco delas com utilização de água salina. As avaliações de crescimento (altura de planta, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas foram realizadas aos 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 dias após semeadura (DAS. Aos 100 DAS foi realizada a colheita, ocasião em que se mediu o diâmetro de capítulo, sendo determinados posteriormente o peso de 1000 aquênios e a produtividade de aquênios. As coletas de solo foram realizadas concomitantemente às avaliações de crescimento, nas camadas 0-0,10; 0,10-0,30; 0,30-0,50 m. Os atributos químicos do solo avaliados foram Na+, CE e pH, além das relações Na+/Ca2+ e Na+/Mg2+. A cultura do girassol mostrou-se tolerante à salinidade da água de irrigação, indicando que ela pode ser irrigada com água de CE de até 3,53 dS m-1 durante todo o ciclo. Entretanto, quando se utilizar água de média ou alta CE, é necessária a adoção de práticas de controle da salinização/sodificação do solo. A tolerância do girassol à salinidade não dependeu da fase de desenvolvimento. Em geral, os atributos químicos do solo aumentaram e estabilizaram a partir da metade do ciclo.This experiment was made to evaluate the influence of the irrigation with saline water on growth and production of sunflower (híbrido H251, besides monitoring the evolution of some chemical attributes of the soil along its cycle. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with six treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of six different irrigation strategies, five of them with

An Economic Analysis of Two Groundwater Allocation Programs for the Salinas Valley

Science.gov (United States)

1994-06-01

farm and its proprietary information. TABLE 5-13. AIl! CULTURAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PERIOD 1988 - 1993 ACRES Loom~bu kuadamor I Ave. Grower 1966 729 131 203...allocate water in the United States. vary greatly among different consumoers . 2) Easy to inplement due to prior governmental 2) There is no ecenomic

New directions in Mexican environmental policy

Science.gov (United States)

Mumme, Stephen P.; Sanchez, Roberto A.

1992-07-01

Since taking office 1 December 1988, Mexico's incumbent president, Carlos Salinas de Gortari, has introduced important innovations in environmental policy that distinguish his administration from those of his predecessors. Greater administrative continuity, improved regulatory capacity achieved through statutory change, focused priorities centering on pollution abatement in Mexico City, and an aggressive search for external financing for pollution control are hallmarks of Salinas' approach. The success of these environmental reforms depends heavily on economic recovery, however, and environmental policy still suffers from underfunding, bureaucratic fragmentation, and heavy reliance on voluntarist enforcement mechanisms. Recently, U.S. congressional debate on a proposed free trade agreement with Mexico has been a factor in spurring the Salinas government to take new antipollution and conservation measures. Mexico's growing environmental movement is also an important force behind the government's new responsiveness in environmental matters. The Salinas administration recognizes the issue's political salience and has sought to defuse environmental criticism using a large arsenal of resources at its disposal. Salinas' environmental policy strategy may thus be characterized as both proactive and reactive in nature. While the reforms are evidence that Mexico is beginning to take environmental matters more seriously, economic recovery and sustained environmental activism remain vital to further progress.

Disposal of Radioactive Wastes in Natural Salt; Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs dans le Sel Naturel; 0423 0414 ; Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos en Formaciones Salinas Naturales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parker, F. L.; Boegly, W. J.; Bradshaw, R. L.; Empson, F. M.; Hemphill, L.; Struxness, E. G.; Tamura, T. [Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1960-07-01

sont actuellement en cours. (author) [Spanish] Las razones por las que se propone utilizar las cavidades en las formaciones salinas como lugar de evacuacion de desechos radiactivos son: 1. La gran antigueedad de los yacimientos de sal; 2. La impermeabilidad de la sal al agua; 3. La amplia distribucion geografica de los yacimientos salinos; 4. Las enormes cantidades de sal disponibles ; 5. La resistencia estructural de la sal; 6. La elevada conductividad termica de la sal comparada con la de otras formaciones geologicas; 7. La posibilidad de recuperar valiosos productos de fision de los desechos evacuados en formaciones salinas; 8. La relativa facilidad con que se puedan formar oquedades por excavacion del yacimiento y la facilidad aun mayor de formar cavidades a bajo coste por disolucion de la sal; 9. La escasez de sismos en las zonas donde existen grandes yacimientos de sal. Los desechos radiactivos liquidos pueden almacenarse en las cavidades de los yacimientos salinos naturales si las propiedades estructurales de la sal no resultan desfavorablemente afectadas por la interaccion quimica y los efectos de la presion, temperatura y radiacion. Los estudios analiticos demuestran que luego de dejarlos enfriar durante dos anos es posible almacenar los desechos resultantes del tratamiento de uranio irradiado a 10,000 MW dia per tonelada y formados a razon de 800 galones/tonelada en una esfera de 10 pies de diametro sin que la temperatura exceda de 200 Degree-Sign F. Los ensayos de laboratorio demuestran que las propiedades estructurales y la conductividad termica de la sal gema no resultan apreciablemente alteradas por grandes dosis de radiacion, aunque las temperaturas elevadas aumentan el indico de fluencia tanto en las muestras irradiadas como en las no irradiadas. Por la accion de los desechos liquidos sobre la sal se forman volumenes moderados de cloro y otros gases clorados. La migracion de los nuclidos a traves de la masa salina y la deformacion de las cavidades

Hannah Arendt: el delito original de los Estados Unidos || Hannah Arendt and the United States Original Crime

OpenAIRE

Alfonso Ballesteros

2016-01-01

Resumen: Hannah Arendt aborda el problema del racismo contra la población negra en los Estados Unidos en el ámbito social y en el político, dos esferas de la vida humana que distingue cuidadosamente. Esta doble perspectiva ofrece un perfil completo de lo que denomina el “delito original” de los Estados Unidos: la esclavitud y la exclusión del pueblo negro e indio de la Constitución de 1787. Sus reflexiones sobre la educación pública segregada y sobre la desobediencia civil entre la población ...

Uso de águas salinas como alternativa na irrigação e produção de forragem no semiárido nordestino

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José L. de A. Silva

Full Text Available RESUMO A produção de forragem no semiárido brasileiro é limitada, em virtude da variação da quantidade e qualidade da água, e ainda dos solos encontrados na região. Nesse contexto foi desenvolvido um experimento na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, em Mossoró-RN. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, com três repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois tipos de solos, um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico (PVAe e um Cambissolo Háplico Ta eutrófico (CXve, com três níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (A1 - 0,59; A2 - 2,75 e A3 - 5,00 dS m-1. As culturas utilizadas no experimento foram milho e sorgo. As variáveis analisadas ao final do experimento foram: área foliar, matéria seca e teor de proteína bruta. A resposta das culturas à salinidade é dependente das características físicas do solo, sendo mais tolerantes em solo com menor teor de argila. A mistura de águas salinas possibilita a produção satisfatória de forragem sem reduzir o teor protéico. A mistura de águas até se obter condutividade elétrica de 2,75 dS m-1 possibilita economia de 43,3% na água de boa qualidade, com perda de aproximadamente 22% na produção de biomassa.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of high- and low-lipid algae: Mass and energy balances.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Feng; Cui, Zheng; Mallick, Kwonit; Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany; Brewer, Catherine E

2018-06-01

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of high-lipid microalgae Nannochloropsis salina (N. salina) and low-lipid microalgae Galdieria sulphuraria (G. sulphuraria) were run under subcritical conditions (310-350 °C and 10-17 MPa) in a 1.8 L batch autoclave system. HTL mass and energy balances for both species were compared under different operating conditions to predict the optimum reaction conditions for new algae strains based on their feedstock composition. Bio-crude oils and chars were characterized by bomb calorimetry, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Under the optimized conditions, 59 wt% and 31 wt% bio-crude oil yields were obtained from HTL of N. salina and G. sulphuraria, while 85% and 59% of the feedstock energy were partitioned into N. salina-derived and G. sulphuraria-derived bio-crude oils, respectively. More favorable energy balances were related to shorter reaction times and higher algal solid contents. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intervenciones para mejorar el acceso a los servicios de salud de los pueblos indígenas en las Américas

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Miguel Araujo

Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo Sintetizar la evidencia sobre la efectividad de intervenciones diseñadas para mejorar el acceso de los pueblos indígenas a los servicios de salud. Métodos Revisión de revisiones sistemáticas publicadas hasta julio de 2015, de las cuales se seleccionaron y analizaron solamente los estudios realizados en la Región de las Américas. La búsqueda bibliográfica abarcó Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, EMBASE, DARE, HTA, The Cochrane Library y sitios web de organizaciones. Dos revisores independientes seleccionaron los estudios y analizaron su calidad metodológica. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de los resultados. Resultados Veintidós revisiones cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Todos los estudios seleccionados se realizaron en Canadá y Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU.. La mayoría de las intervenciones fueron preventivas, para sortear barreras geográficas, aumentar el uso de medidas efectivas, desarrollar recursos humanos y mejorar las destrezas o disposición de las personas para atenderse. Los temas incluyeron embarazo, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, diabetes, abuso de sustancias, desarrollo infantil, cáncer, salud mental, oral y lesiones. Algunas intervenciones mostraron efectividad con estudios de calidad moderada o alta: estrategias educativas para prevención de depresión, intervenciones para prevención de caries infantiles y programas multicomponente para promover el uso de asientos de seguridad en niños. En enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles los resultados fueron en general negativos o inconsistentes. Conclusiones Existen algunas intervenciones que tienen potencial de producir efectos positivos en el acceso a los servicios de salud de las poblaciones indígenas en las Américas, pero los estudios disponibles se limitan a Canadá y EE.UU. Existe una significativa brecha de investigación sobre el tema en América Latina y el Caribe.

El municipio de Pajapan en la Sierra de Santa Marta (Veracruz, México: un caso de resistencia indígena en la defensa del territorio y los recursos naturales para la sustentabilidad de los pueblos originarios del Gran Caribe.

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Jesús Moreno Arriba

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El municipio de Pajapan, en la Sierra de Santa Marta (Veracruz, México, representa un caso paradigmático en la lucha por la defensa de las tierras comunales de las comunidades indígenas campesinas del Gran Caribe, recurriendo a distintos mecanismos de resistencia. Además, desde la implementación de metodología de investigación cualitativa, como la revisión bibliográfica y documental del tema de estudio, este trabajo ha identificado y analizado diversos proyectos de gestión de recursos naturales en el entorno geográfico de Pajapan y la Sierra de Santa Marta. Estas emergentes experiencias no gubernamentales se presentan como un posible modelo de desarrollo alternativo para intentar contribuir a mejorar la precaria situación actual (ecológica, demográfica y socioeconómica de los territorios tropicales y pueblos indígenas mesoamericanos del Gran Caribe.

Quantitative control of Lettuce mosaic virus fitness and host defence inhibition by P1-HCPro P1-HC Pro do Lettuce mosaic virus atua de forma quantitativa na inibição da resposta de defesa do hospedeiro e adaptação viral

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Renate Krause-Sakate

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Two Lettuce mosaic virus isolates capable of overcoming the resistance afforded by the resistance gene mo1² in lettuce, LMV-AF199 from Brazil, and LMV-E, an European isolate, were evaluated for the rapidity and severity of symptoms induced on the lettuce variety Salinas 88 (mo1². The mosaic symptoms on Salinas 88 plants inoculated with LMV-AF199 appeared 7 days post-inoculation (dpi and 15 dpi for LMV-E. The symptoms induced by LMV-AF199 in this cultivar were also more severe than those induced by LMV-E. In order to identify the region of the viral genome responsible for this phenotype, recombinant viruses were constructed between these isolates and the phenotype of each recombinant was analysed. The region encoding proteins P1 and HcPro from LMV-AF199 was associated with the increased virulence in Salinas 88.Dois isolados de Lettuce mosaic virus capazes de contornar a resistência conferida pelo gene mo1² em alface, LMV-AF199 proveniente do Brasil e LMV-E um isolado europeu, foram avaliados quanto à rapidez e à severidade dos sintomas induzidos em alface variedade Salinas 88 (mo1². Os sintomas de mosaico induzidos pelo isolado LMV-AF-199 em Salinas 88 são mais severos e aparecem aos 7 dias após a inoculação (dpi, enquanto que para o isolado LMV-E os sintomas são visíveis somente a partir dos 15 dpi. Com o intuito de identificar a região do genoma viral responsável por este fenótipo, vírus recombinantes foram construídos entre estes dois isolados, e o fenótipo avaliado quanto a rapidez e severidade dos sintomas em Salinas-88. A região codificadora para as proteínas P1 e Hc-Pro do LMV-AF199 foi associada com o aumento da virulência deste isolado em Salinas-88.

Construction of ectoine absorption defective mutant for efficient ectoine production%四氢嘧啶吸收缺陷突变株高效制备四氢嘧啶

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

徐蕊; 张苓花

2012-01-01

[Objective] To further enhance ectoine (1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4- pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) synthesis efficiency. [Methods] We cloned Halomonas salina DSM 5928T teaABC gene of ectoine-specific transporter TeaABC by walking PCR and constructed ectoine absorption defective mutant H. salina DSM 5928 (teaABC) by Red recombination technology. [Results] The total concentration of ectoine and productivity in a 10 L fennentor were 9. 10 (±0.08) g/L and 9.93 (±0.09) g/L. d. [Conclusion] The ectoine absorption defect mutant H. salina DSM 5928T (teaABC-) compromised the negative feedback regulation of ectoine synthesis, which can significantly improve the efficiency of ectoine production.%[目的]为进一步提高四氢嘧啶(1,4,5,6-四氢-2-甲基-4-嘧啶羧酸；1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid；ectoine)合成效率,[方法]利用步移PCR方法克隆了Halomonas salinaDSM 5928T四氢嘧啶特异性转运蛋白(ectoine-specific transporter; TeaABC)编码基因teaABC,Red重组技术构建了四氢嘧啶吸收缺陷突变株H.salina DSM 5928T(teaABC -).[结果]H.salina DSM 5928T(teaABC -)10 L发酵罐的四氢嘧啶发酵,四氢嘧啶总浓度9.10(±0.08) g/L,合成效率为9.93(±0.09) g/L.d.[结论]四氢嘧啶吸收缺陷突变株H.salina DSM 5928T(teaABC-),解除了四氢嘧啶吸收对其合成的负反馈调节,从而显著提高了四氢嘧啶合成效率.

Re-Acculturating Racial Stereotypes

Science.gov (United States)

Adam, Michelle

2004-01-01

This article features Moises Salinas, an assistant professor at Central Connecticut State University (CCSU) who addresses the place of stereotypes in education, and describes how Salinas investigates root causes of stereotyping and its consequences in minority education. According to him, affirmative action policies of past decades have attempted…

O efeito protetor do bicarbonato de sodio na nefropatia induzida por contraste radiologico em ratos

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Maria de Fatima Fernandes Vattimo

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Contrastes radiológicos iodados - CI são causa de lesão renal aguda - LRA. Avaliar o efeito renoprotetor do bicarbonato de sódio (Bic sobre a função renal (clearance de creatinina, Jaffé, Clcr-ml/min/100g e o perfil oxidativo (excreção de peróxidos, PU e de malondealdeído urinários, FOX-2 e TBARs, nmol/mgCr em ratos com CI. Ratos machos adultos Wistar, 250-300g, tratados 1x/dia, por 5 dias, foram divididos nos grupos: Salina (solução salina 0,9%, 3ml/kg/dia, intraperitoneal-i.p.; CI (ioxitalamato de meglumina e sódio, 3ml/kg, i.p; Bic+Salina (Bic 3ml/kg, i.p, 1 hora antes e 1 hora depois da Salina; Bic+CI (Bic 3ml/kg, i.p, 1 hora antes e 1 hora depois do CI. CI induziu LRA e o Bic confirmou seu efeito renoprotetor antioxidante (Clcr/TBARs/PU Salina: 0,59±0,03/0,11±0,02/1,29±0,24 vs Bic+Salina 0,58±0,03/0,13±0,02/1,32±0,64 vs CI 0,22±0,02A/0,19±0,02A/4,77±0, 24A vs Bic+CI 0,51±0,04B/0,13±0,3B/1,80± 0,04B, A/B p<0,05. O Bic confirmou efeito protetor na LRA por CI, podendo ser considerado como possibilidade terapêutica para pacientes submetidos a CI.

TEJIENDO ENTRE REDES DIVERSAS: REFLEXIONES A PARTIR DE UNA ETNOGRAFÍA MULTISITUADA CON LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS DE LA SIERRA NEVADA DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO

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Ana Milena Horta Prieto

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, es territorio de 4 pueblos indígenas: Kogui, Wiwa, Arhuaco y Kankuamo. Estos comparten la Ley de Sé, orden natural del universo, que en este trabajo se aborda como cosmopolitica (Stengers, a partir de la cual se gestiona la alteridad y se define la función de todos los seres existentes, desde una ontología animista (Descola. Los trabajos espirituales, entre los cuales se cuentan los pagamentos, son rituales en los que se realiza el tejido vital entre entidades, a partir del cual pueden circular los flujos energéticos y de pensamiento, que relacionan mamos (autoridades tradicionales, dueños de los existentes (Jaba y jate, y materiales sagrados, en una relación de intercambio que permite que las partes se reconfiguren y se apropien del sewá (conocimiento que cada uno posee. Algunos de estos materiales han sido removidos del territorio, frente a lo cual las organizaciones indígenas han comenzado un proceso de patrimonialización como estrategia de protección, interactuando con entidades del estado que tienen influencia en la configuración del mismo desde su dominio. En este marco, a partir de la categoría de cosmopolitica y del entendimiento del conocimiento indígena como epistemología, este trabajo reflexiona sobre el posicionamiento del antropóloga/o en ese ordenamiento desde donde se puede tejer entre redes de ontologías diferentes.

Gracias a Dios que coamí. Los orígenes del cristianismo en Iberoamérica y El Caribe, siglos XV-XX

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EDUARDO HOORNAERT

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Desde o momento em que Maximiliano Salinas publicou sua Historia del pueblo de Dios en Chile em 1987, ele inova em termos de pesquisa sobre temas que tradicionalmente caem fora do campo de visao do historiador cristao. A inovaçao de 1987 visava aspectos heurísticos, pois mencionado livro partia de folhetos populares, cânticos, benditos, refroes, poesias. Com seu mais novo ensaio, Gracias a Dios que comí, Maximiliano Salinas completa o trabalho heurístico anterior por importantes inovaçoes no campo hermenéutico. O ensaio apresenta o painel de um cristianismo pouco analisado na literatura mas intensamente praticado por descendentes de indígenas, africanos mas também portugueses (fértil fronteira com o Islam. Ele insiste na positividade das culturas que encaram a Deus como fonte da subsistencia, quem nos dá o pao para comer, as pernas para dançar, o ânimo para transformar o trabalho em festa. Ele fala de um Deus cristao dionisíaco. Trata-se de uma inusitada memória crista, e apagada nos textos ortodoxos do cristianismo histórico relegada ao mundo dos textos apócrifos, mas que encontra fortes concordâncias nas culturas azteca, quechua e mapuche onde se vive o trabalho como festa, onde Deus tem maos (para trabalhar e entranhas (para compartir, onde a comida é uma hierofania (as comidas sagradas e o paraíso um deleite culinário. Aí Deus nao é mais o 'preceptor absoluto' mas o 'poeta' (no sentido original: quem faz, quem executa a obra. Postula-se dessa maneira uma releitura global do cristianismo, na linha do livro Dionisios, reíz de la vida indestructible, da autoria de K. Kerényi (Barcelona 1998: «La cultura mediterránea del vino fue el fondo común y concreto de diversos elementos, tales como la fundación del cristianismo...». O Apolo da ciência, o Pluto da riqueza e o Mercúrio do comercio cedem lugar ao Dioniso davida. A partir da vida rejeita-se o 'blanco perfecto', que se manifesta no ‘preceptor exclusivo’ no

Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492-1900 CE.

Science.gov (United States)

Liebmann, Matthew J; Farella, Joshua; Roos, Christopher I; Stack, Adam; Martini, Sarah; Swetnam, Thomas W

2016-02-09

Native American populations declined between 1492 and 1900 CE, instigated by the European colonization of the Americas. However, the magnitude, tempo, and ecological effects of this depopulation remain the source of enduring debates. Recently, scholars have linked indigenous demographic decline, Neotropical reforestation, and shifting fire regimes to global changes in climate, atmosphere, and the Early Anthropocene hypothesis. In light of these studies, we assess these processes in conifer-dominated forests of the Southwest United States. We compare light detection and ranging data, archaeology, dendrochronology, and historical records from the Jemez Province of New Mexico to quantify population losses, establish dates of depopulation events, and determine the extent and timing of forest regrowth and fire regimes between 1492 and 1900. We present a new formula for the estimation of Pueblo population based on architectural remains and apply this formula to 18 archaeological sites in the Jemez Province. A dendrochronological study of remnant wood establishes dates of terminal occupation at these sites. By combining our results with historical records, we report a model of pre- and post-Columbian population dynamics in the Jemez Province. Our results indicate that the indigenous population of the Jemez Province declined by 87% following European colonization but that this reduction occurred nearly a century after initial contact. Depopulation also triggered an increase in the frequency of extensive surface fires between 1640 and 1900. Ultimately, this study illustrates the quality of integrated archaeological and paleoecological data needed to assess the links between Native American population decline and ecological change after European contact.

Comparison of different enrichment factors to assess the natural accumulation of trace elements in sediment cores from Nhecolandia Pantanal, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Levi F.; Damatto, Sandra R.; Barbiero, Laurent; Furian, Sonia M.; Rezende Filho, Ary T.

2015-01-01

Four sediment cores were collected at different lakes of salty water, commonly known as 'Salinas', in the Nhecolandia Wetland. In the collected cores, Salina A, Salina 6, Salina M and Salina V, the elements As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, K, Na, Rb, Sb, Se, U, Zn and rare earth elements Ce, Eu, La, Lu, Nd, Sc, Sm, Tb and Yb concentrations were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique. Aiming to verify the best criterion to evaluate the enrichment factor of minor and major elements in the sediment cores, three different calculations of the enrichment factor was employed. The first one, EF (Enrichment Factor), compares the normalized element concentrations with Upper Continental Crust normalized values, the second one, GNF (Geochemical Normalization Factor) compares the ratio between the element concentration and the normalizer with the depth in the sediment core; for these both factors the element Sc was used as a normalizer element. The third one factor, BEF (Base Enrichment Factor), compares the concentrations determined throughout the core with the results obtained in the base of it. With the results, it was possible to conclude that the best enrichment factor to evaluate the enhancement of elements in natural environments is the one that takes into account the core element concentration obtained in the base of it, BEF. (author)

Comparison of different enrichment factors to assess the natural accumulation of trace elements in sediment cores from Nhecolandia Pantanal, Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Levi F.; Damatto, Sandra R., E-mail: leyi@usp.br, E-mail: damatto@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Barbiero, Laurent, E-mail: barbiero@ltmg.obs.mip.fr [Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Furian, Sonia M., E-mail: furian@usp.br [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Departamento de Geografia; Rezende Filho, Ary T., E-mail: ary.rezende@ufms.br [Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), MS (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia

2015-07-01

Four sediment cores were collected at different lakes of salty water, commonly known as 'Salinas', in the Nhecolandia Wetland. In the collected cores, Salina A, Salina 6, Salina M and Salina V, the elements As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, K, Na, Rb, Sb, Se, U, Zn and rare earth elements Ce, Eu, La, Lu, Nd, Sc, Sm, Tb and Yb concentrations were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique. Aiming to verify the best criterion to evaluate the enrichment factor of minor and major elements in the sediment cores, three different calculations of the enrichment factor was employed. The first one, EF (Enrichment Factor), compares the normalized element concentrations with Upper Continental Crust normalized values, the second one, GNF (Geochemical Normalization Factor) compares the ratio between the element concentration and the normalizer with the depth in the sediment core; for these both factors the element Sc was used as a normalizer element. The third one factor, BEF (Base Enrichment Factor), compares the concentrations determined throughout the core with the results obtained in the base of it. With the results, it was possible to conclude that the best enrichment factor to evaluate the enhancement of elements in natural environments is the one that takes into account the core element concentration obtained in the base of it, BEF. (author)

76 FR 50494 - National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-15

... comments should be submitted by August 30, 2011. Before including your address, phone number, e-mail... Historic Places/National Historic Landmarks Program. COLORADO Huerfano County Veta Pass, 3652, 3665, 3688 Cty. Rd. 443, La Veta, 11000607 Pueblo County Pueblo Christopher Columbus Monument, Median in 100 Blk...

Pueblos indígenas, Estados y educación superior. Aprendizajes de experiencias en varios países de América Latina potencialmente útiles a los procesos en marcha en Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Mato

2015-06-01

Full Text Available En varios países latinoamericanos, en las últimas tres décadas, se han creado un número significativo de universidades y otras instituciones de educación superior (IES que según los casos se denominan indígenas y/o interculturales. Adicionalmente, han surgido licenciaturas, diplomados y diversos tipos de programas especiales orientados a la inclusión de personas indígenas en universidades y otras IES “convencionales” (aquellas que no han sido creadas para responder a necesidades, demandas o propuestas de comunidades de pueblos indígenas o afrodescendientes.. Algunas de estas modalidades educativas han sido impulsadas por organizaciones y/o dirigentes indígenas, otras por universidades y otras IES “convencionales”, otras mediante alianzas entre estos tipos de instituciones y organizaciones indígenas, y otras por iniciativas de los Estados. En Argentina estos procesos son relativamente más recientes que en varios otros países de la región. Este artículo presenta un panorama de los tipos de experiencias que vienen desarrollándose en varios países latinoamericanos, señala sus principales logros y desafíos, y propone algunos aprendizajes potencialmente útiles para las experiencias que vienen desarrollándose en Argentina.

Relationship between bifenthrin sediment toxic units and benthic community metrics in urban California streams.

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Lenwood W; Anderson, Ronald D

2013-08-01

The objective of this study was to use ecologically relevant field measurements for determining the relationship between bifenthrin sediment toxic units (TUs) (environmental concentrations/Hyalella acute LC50 value) and 15 benthic metrics in four urban California streams sampled from 2006 to 2011. Data from the following four California streams were used in the analysis: Kirker Creek (2006, 2007), Pleasant Grove Creek (2006, 2007, and 2008), Arcade Creek (2009, 2010, and 2011), and Salinas streams (2009, 2010, and 2011). The results from univariate analysis of benthic metrics versus bifenthrin TU calculations for the four California streams with multiple-year datasets combined by stream showed that there were either nonsignificant relationships or lack of metric data for 93 % of cases. For 7 % of the data (4 cases) where significant relationships were reported between benthic metrics and bifenthrin TUs, these relationships were ecologically meaningful. Three of these significant direct relationships were an expression of tolerant benthic taxa (either % tolerant taxa or tolerance values, which are similar metrics), which would be expected to increase in a stressed environment. These direct significant tolerance relationships were reported for Kirker Creek, Pleasant Grove Creek, and Arcade Creek. The fourth significant relationship was an inverse relationship between taxa richness and bifenthrin TUs for the 3-year Pleasant Grove Creek dataset. In summary, only a small percent of the benthic metric × bifenthrin TU relationships were significant for the four California streams. Therefore, the general summary conclusion from this analysis is that there is no strong case for showing consistent meaningful relationships between various benthic metrics used to characterize the status of benthic communities and bifenthrin TUs for these four California streams.

ETNOENGLISH: TRENZANDO PALABRAS, HISTORIAS Y PROYECTOS DE VIDA DEL PUEBLO ZENÚ ETNOENGLISH: WEAVING WORDS, STORIES AND LIFE PROJECTS OF THE ZENÚ PEOPLE

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Diana Luz Jaraba Ramírez

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Las políticas educativas colombianas de bilingüismo pretenden que se desarrollen competencias comunicativas en las instituciones educativas del país. Sin embargo, estas políticas son pocos funcionales en comunidades culturalmente diversas, como los pueblos indígenas. En la Institución Educativa Indígena San Antonio Abad, la enseñanza del inglés resultaba poco significativa debido a que los estudiantes mostraban poco interés para aprender esta lengua. Por ello se realizó un estudio etnográfico que permitió integrar los elementos identitarios de la comunidad a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de esta lengua. Se encontró que el elemento cohesionador de la comunidad era el proceso de trenzado de la caña de flecha. Esto posibilitó la implementación de estrategias de enseñanza denominadas Etnoenglish basadas en los discursos e interacciones relacionados con las actividades artesanales del trenzado, mejorando los niveles de motivación y el aprendizaje del idioma inglés.Colombian bilingual educative policies aim to develop communicative competences in all schools. However, these policies are rarely functional in multicultural communities, such as indigenous communities. At The San Antonio Abad indigenous school, the teaching of English was irrelevant for the students because they never engaged with learning the language. Due to this problem, an ethnographic study was carried out. This study allows us to integrate the identitarian elements of the community to the teaching and learning process of the English language. The results showed that the cohesive element of the community was the arrow cane weaving process. This permitted the implementation of a set of strategies called Etnoenglish, based on the discourse and interaction patterns related to the weaving craftsmanship process. The implementations of these strategies improved the motivation and English learning among the students.

Comparative evaluation of impact of Zn and ZnO nanoparticles on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae: effects of particle size and solubility on toxicity.

Science.gov (United States)

Ates, Mehmet; Daniels, James; Arslan, Zikri; Farah, Ibrahim O; Rivera, Hilsamar Félix

2013-01-01

Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae were exposed to different sizes of zinc (Zn) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) to evaluate their toxicity in marine aquatic ecosystems. Acute exposure was conducted in seawater with 10, 50 and 100 mg L(-1) concentrations of the NPs for 24 h and 96 h. Phase contrast microscope images confirmed the accumulation of the NPs inside the guts. Artemia were unable to eliminate the ingested particles, which was thought to be due to the formation of massive particles in the guts. Although the suspensions of the NPs did not exhibit any significant acute toxicity within 24 h, mortalities increased remarkably in 96 h and escalated with increasing concentration of NP suspension to 42% for Zn NPs (40-60 nm) (LC50∼ 100 mg L(-1)) and to about 34% for ZnO NPs (10-30 nm) (LC50 > 100 mg L(-1)). The suspensions of Zn NPs were more toxic to Artemia than those of ZnO NPs under comparable regimes. This effect was attributed to higher Zn(2+) levels (ca. up to 8.9 mg L(-1)) released to the medium from Zn NPs in comparison to that measured in the suspensions of ZnO NPs (ca. 5.5 mg L(-1)). In addition, the size of the nanopowders appeared to contribute to the observed toxicities. Although the suspensions possessed aggregates of comparable sizes, smaller Zn NPs (40-60 nm) were relatively more toxic than larger Zn NPs (80-100 nm). Likewise, the suspensions of 10-30 nm ZnO NPs caused higher toxicity than those of 200 nm ZnO NPs. Lipid peroxidation levels were substantially higher in 96 h (p < 0.05), indicating that the toxic effects were due to the oxidative stress.

Employee Retention: A Challenge of the Nineties.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeiss, Tony

1990-01-01

Considers ways in which community colleges can help employers implement programs to improve the work environment and retain trained workers. Presents a model for employee retention that has worked effectively in Pueblo, Colorado. Describes Pueblo Community College's cooperative program with the Wats Marketing Group to help reduce employee…

78 FR 34128 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, San Juan...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-06

... Reservation, New Mexico. History and description of the remains Prior to 1962, human remains representing, at... representatives of the Hopi Tribe of Arizona; Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico; Kewa Pueblo, New Mexico (previously listed as the Pueblo of Santo Domingo); Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah; Ohkay Owingeh...

Impact of Institutional- and Individual-Level Discrimination on Medical Care and Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-01

apply. (Circle all that apply) 1. Athabascan 11. Navajo 2. Cahuilla 12. Porno If more than one response 3. Cherokee 13. Pueblo selected, check box...tribes are you Navajo Porno Pueblo Sioux Tlingit Yurok Other tribe (please specify): REFUSED D/K D EBCC EPI Rev_071911 SECTION 2: GENERAL

High prevalence of cestodes in Artemia spp. throughout the annual cycle: relationship with abundance of avian final hosts

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez, Marta I.; Nikolov, Pavel N.; GEorgieva, Darina D.; Georgiev, Boyko B.; Vasileva, Gergana P.; Pankov, Plamen; Paracuellos, Mariano; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Green, Andy J.

2013-01-01

Brine shrimp, Artemia spp., act as intermediate hosts for a range of cestode species that use waterbirds as their final hosts. These parasites can have marked influences on shrimp behavior and fecundity, generating the potential for cascading effects in hypersaline food webs. We present the first comprehensive study of the temporal dynamics of cestode parasites in natural populations of brine shrimp throughout the annual cycle. Over a 12-month period, clonal Artemia parthenogenetica were sampled in the Odiel marshes in Huelva, and the sexual Artemia salina was sampled in the Salinas de Cerrillos in Almería. Throughout the year, 4–45 % of A. parthenogenetica were infected with cestodes (mean species richness = 0.26), compared to 27–72 % of A. salina (mean species richness = 0.64). Ten cestode species were recorded. Male and female A. salina showed similar levels of parasitism. The most prevalent and abundant cestodes were those infecting the most abundant final hosts, especially the Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber. In particular, the flamingo parasite Flamingolepis liguloides had a prevalence of up to 43 % in A. parthenogenetica and 63.5 % in A. salina in a given month. Although there was strong seasonal variation in prevalence, abundance, and intensity of cestode infections, seasonal changes in bird counts were weak predictors of the dynamics of cestode infections. However, infection levels of Confluaria podicipina in A. parthenogenetica were positively correlated with the number of their black-necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis hosts. Similarly, infection levels of Anomotaenia tringae and Anomotaenia microphallos in A. salina were correlated with the number of shorebird hosts present the month before. Correlated seasonal transmission structured the cestode community, leading to more multiple infections than expected by chance.

Electrochemical disinfection of simulated ballast water on PbO2/graphite felt electrode.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Shuiping; Hu, Weidong; Hong, Jianxun; Sandoe, Steve

2016-04-15

A novel PbO2/graphite felt electrode was constructed by electrochemical deposition of PbO2 on graphite felt and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The prepared electrode is a viable technology for inactivation of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Artemia salina as indicator organisms in simulated ballast water treatment, which meets the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Regulation D-2. The effects of contact time and current density on inactivation were investigated. An increase in current density generally had a beneficial effect on the inactivation of the three species. E.faecalis and A.salina were more resistant to electrochemical disinfection than E. coli. The complete disinfection of E.coli was achieved in <8min at an applied current density of 253A/m(2). Complete inactivation of E. faecalis and A.salina was achieved at the same current density after 60 and 40min of contact time, respectively. A. salina inactivation follows first-order kinetics. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of wavelength mixing ratio and photoperiod on microalgal biomass and lipid production in a two-phase culture system using LED illumination.

Science.gov (United States)

Sirisuk, Phunlap; Ra, Chae-Hun; Jeong, Gwi-Taek; Kim, Sung-Koo

2018-04-01

Blue and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to study the effects of wavelength mixing ratios, photoperiod regimes, and green wavelength stress on Nannochloropsis salina, Isochrysis galbana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum cell biomass and lipid production. The maximum specific growth rates of I. galbana and P. tricornutum were obtained under a 50:50 mixing ratio of blue and red wavelength LEDs; that of N. salina was obtained under red LED. Maximum cell biomass for N. salina and P. tricornutum was 0.75 and 1.07 g dcw/L, respectively, obtained under a 24:0 h light/dark cycle. However, the maximum I. galbana biomass was 0.89 g dcw/L under an 18:6 h light/dark cycle. The maximum lipid contents for N. salina, I. galbana, and P. tricornutum were 49.4, 63.3 and 62.0% (w/w), respectively, after exposure to green LED. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were obtained 1% in P. tricornutum and 2% in I. galbana. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492–1900 CE

Science.gov (United States)

Liebmann, Matthew J.; Farella, Joshua; Roos, Christopher I.; Stack, Adam; Martini, Sarah

2016-01-01

Native American populations declined between 1492 and 1900 CE, instigated by the European colonization of the Americas. However, the magnitude, tempo, and ecological effects of this depopulation remain the source of enduring debates. Recently, scholars have linked indigenous demographic decline, Neotropical reforestation, and shifting fire regimes to global changes in climate, atmosphere, and the Early Anthropocene hypothesis. In light of these studies, we assess these processes in conifer-dominated forests of the Southwest United States. We compare light detection and ranging data, archaeology, dendrochronology, and historical records from the Jemez Province of New Mexico to quantify population losses, establish dates of depopulation events, and determine the extent and timing of forest regrowth and fire regimes between 1492 and 1900. We present a new formula for the estimation of Pueblo population based on architectural remains and apply this formula to 18 archaeological sites in the Jemez Province. A dendrochronological study of remnant wood establishes dates of terminal occupation at these sites. By combining our results with historical records, we report a model of pre- and post-Columbian population dynamics in the Jemez Province. Our results indicate that the indigenous population of the Jemez Province declined by 87% following European colonization but that this reduction occurred nearly a century after initial contact. Depopulation also triggered an increase in the frequency of extensive surface fires between 1640 and 1900. Ultimately, this study illustrates the quality of integrated archaeological and paleoecological data needed to assess the links between Native American population decline and ecological change after European contact. PMID:26811459

Alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas em sementes de café secas em sílica gel e soluções salinas saturadas

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Stefania Vilas Boas Coelho

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas em sementes de café submetidas à secagem rápida, em sílica gel, e à secagem lenta, em soluções salinas saturadas. As sementes foram secas até que atingissem os seguintes teores de água: 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 e 5% (base úmida. Após a secagem, uma parte das sementes foi imediatamente avaliada quanto ao desempenho fisiológico e ao perfil de enzimas do processo oxidativo, e outra parte foi avaliada após armazenagem em condição hermética, em câmara fria e seca, por quatro meses. A velocidade de secagem e o teor final de água tiveram efeito significativo sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Após a secagem rápida em sílica gel, as sementes toleraram teores finais de água mais baixos. No entanto, após a secagem lenta, as sementes com teores finais de água mais elevados apresentaram maior qualidade. O período de armazenamento não afetou a germinação, mas prejudicou o vigor das sementes. A secagem rápida apresenta maior potencial de dano ao endosperma do que aos embriões. O perfil enzimático das sementes de café é afetado pelo teor final de água e pela velocidade de secagem.

Os silêncios da narrativa The silences of narrative

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Irene Cardoso

1998-05-01

Full Text Available Leitura da narrativa Retrato calado, de Luiz Roberto Salinas Fortes, que procura reconstruir alguns de seus traços, reconhecidos a partir de uma possível "experiência de leitura".A reading of Luiz Roberto Salinas Fortes' narrative "Retrato Calado" based on the reconstruction of some of its characteristics through a "reading experience".

CRESCIMENTO DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E BIOFERTILIZAÇÃO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO CONTRA PERDAS HÍDRICAS

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José Lucínio de Oliveira Freire

2012-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do biofertilizante bovino e cobertura morta vegetal no crescimento vegetativo do maracujazeiro amarelo irrigado com água não salina e salina em ambiente protegido contra perdas hídricas. O experimento foi conduzido no período de outubro de 2008 a abril de 2009, no município de Remígio, Paraíba. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x2x2, referente à água não salina (0,5 dS m-1 e salina (4,5 dS m-1, sem e com biofertilizante bovino, sem e com cobertura morta, com três repetições e três plantas por parcela. Avaliaram-se o período para poda do broto apical, taxa de crescimento absoluto em altura, comprimento de internódio, número de ramos produtivos e diâmetro do caule das plantas. O aumento do nível de salinidade da água, independentemente da adição do biofertilizante, inibiu o crescimento das plantas. O período do transplantio à poda do broto apical das plantas irrigadas com água salina e o uso do biofertilizante foi antecipado em 8,16 dias. O maior crescimento em altura do maracujazeiro amarelo ocorreu no solo com biofertilizante e cobertura morta.

Electrochemical disinfection of simulated ballast water on PbO2/graphite felt electrode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Shuiping; Hu, Weidong; Hong, Jianxun; Sandoe, Steve

2016-01-01

A novel PbO 2 /graphite felt electrode was constructed by electrochemical deposition of PbO 2 on graphite felt and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The prepared electrode is a viable technology for inactivation of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Artemia salina as indicator organisms in simulated ballast water treatment, which meets the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Regulation D-2. The effects of contact time and current density on inactivation were investigated. An increase in current density generally had a beneficial effect on the inactivation of the three species. E.faecalis and A.salina were more resistant to electrochemical disinfection than E. coli. The complete disinfection of E.coli was achieved in <8 min at an applied current density of 253 A/m 2 . Complete inactivation of E. faecalis and A.salina was achieved at the same current density after 60 and 40 min of contact time, respectively. A. salina inactivation follows first-order kinetics. - Highlights: •A novel PbO 2 /graphite felt anode was developed for the electrochemical treatment of the simulated ballast water. •The technology meets the IMO D‐2 regulation and provides a high degree of removal of the microorganisms of ballast water without any additional chemical substances. •E.faecalis, E.coli, and A.salina cells in simulated ballast water were completely inactivated after 60, 8 and 40 min of contact time at 253 A/m 2 of current density, respectively.

INFLUÊNCIA DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE OLIGONUCLEOTÍDEOS NO EFEITO DE AGLOMERAÇÃO DE NANOPARTÍCULAS NA PRESENÇA DE SOLUÇÃO SALINA

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Olavo de Osti Comparato Filho

2016-08-01

Full Text Available O desenvolvimento de tecnologias que auxiliam no estudo da interação de nanopartículas com biomoléculas tem proporcionado o surgimento de novas técnicas de diagnóstico de doenças. Nanomateriais possuem características químicas e físicas específicas, como o efeito de ressonância plasmônica de superfície (SPR. Este trabalho parte do princípio da utilização de nanopartículas de Ouro (AuNPs, previamente sintetizadas e padronizadas, para o estudo da influência de concentrações de oligonucleotídeos, em presença de solução salina de Cloreto de Magnésio hidratado (MgCl2.6H2O, na sua estabilidade coloidal, por meio da Espectroscopia de UV-visível. No laboratório de nanossensores, realizaram-se experimentos com nanopartículas, oligonucleotídeos e sal, onde se observou, por meio de testes colorimétricos, a influência da porcentagem de cobertura das superfícies das nanopartículas das soluções finais, nos efeitos da SPR. Os resultados gráficos dos experimentos, dos espectros UV vis que relacionam absorbância e comprimentos de onda, registraram o processo de aglomeração. O objetivo foi analisar comparativamente a influência da concentração dos oligonucleotídeos nas soluções com nanopartículas e sal, para a elaboração das curvas de estabilidade das AuNPs.

76 FR 46840 - Time Extension To Accept Proposals, Select One Lessee, and Contract for Hydroelectric Power...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-03

... Lessee, and Contract for Hydroelectric Power Development at the Pueblo Dam River Outlet, a Feature of the... Lessee, and Contract for Hydroelectric Power Development at the Pueblo Dam River Outlet, a feature of the... considered timely only if it is received in the office of the Lease of Power Privilege Coordinator by or...