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Sample records for uma drenagem fluvial

  1. Drenagem urbana sustentável : análise do uso do retrofit

    OpenAIRE

    Christofidis, Hugo do Vale

    2013-01-01

    A presente dissertação demonstrou que a drenagem urbana sustentável é uma componente importante na busca da sustentabilidade do ambiente urbano e que o Retrofit é uma ferramenta eficiente para alcançar esse objetivo. Para tanto foi apresentada uma metodologia de Retrofit de infraestrutura urbana que permite adaptar sistemas de drenagem urbana tradicionais em sistemas sustentáveis. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida por uma organização não-governamental (ONG) americana e foram propostas algumas...

  2. GESTÃO DA DRENAGEM URBANA NO BRASIL: DESAFIOS PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE

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    Vladimir Caramori Borges de Souza

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Os sistemas de drenagem urbana no Brasil ainda seguem um padrão baseado apenas em eficiência hidráulica de condutos, apesar de já haver um reconhecimento de que este tipo de abordagem não resolve os problemas no longo prazo; é apenas uma ação pontual e que age sobre os efeitos. Desta forma, os sistemas de drenagem continuam sendo concebidos, dimensionados e projetados para falhar. Apesar de haver grande avanço acadêmico no desenvolvimento de técnicas e abordagens mais integradoras, com foco na bacia hidrográfica e nos impactos da urbanização sobre os processos naturais, ainda não houve apropriação desse conhecimento na prática dos técnicos municipais e tomadores de decisão. Este artigo apresenta uma contextualização da drenagem urbana no Brasil, mostrando os avanços obtidos no conhecimento do problema e os desafios para avançar, também, na aplicação de novas técnicas e metodologias. Foram analisados trabalhos acadêmicos desenvolvidos nos principais centros brasileiros de pesquisa em drenagem urbana – com foco em modelagem de sistemas de drenagem e desenvolvimento de técnicas compensatórias em drenagem urbana –, os principais instrumentos da política urbana e o conhecimento prático de análise de alguns sistemas de drenagem em particular. Observa-se que as incertezas nos parâmetros utilizados em projeto e modelagem ainda são grandes e os manuais utilizados estão defasados, com ausência de metodologias e parâmetros simples para utilização das novas técnicas e abordagens de drenagem urbana e manejo de águas pluviais.

  3. Composição de resíduos de varrição e resíduos carreados pela rede de drenagem, em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana

    OpenAIRE

    Neves,Marllus Gustavo Ferreira Passos das; Tucci,Carlos Eduardo Morelli

    2011-01-01

    Apresentam-se aqui resultados de estudo sobre a composição física de resíduos sólidos de varrição e também daqueles vindos por uma rede de drenagem, em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana, identificando, dentre outros, influências da frequência do serviço de varrição e da época do ano. Os resíduos de varrição foram provenientes de várias partes do solo da bacia e os da rede de drenagem eram retirados de um poço de casa de bombas, para onde convergia todo o escoamento da rede. Alguns resultados inte...

  4. CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS E MORFOMÉTRICAS DOS CANAIS DE DRENAGEM DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO BOM SUCESSO - SEMIÁRIDO DA BAHIA/BRASIL

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    Kleber Carvalho Lima

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Propõe-se neste artigo, analisar as características dos canais de drenagem intermitentes e efêmeros da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Bom Sucesso (Bahia, levando-se em consideração os seus aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos. Para tanto, definiu-se a rede de drenagem, caracterizaram-se os canais de drenagem, classificaram-se os cursos fluviais quanto à textura do canal e aplicaram-se os índices morfométricos. Por meio disso, verificou-se que a bacia possui baixa densidade de drenagem e baixa densidade hidrográfica, baixo potencial para a elaboração de formas de origem fluvial. Predomina o transporte de sedimentos por carga de fundo, o que demonstra a relação existente entre o regime fluvial e os eventos pluviométricos de grande magnitude, típicos do semiárido. Além disso, as características geométricas dos canais demonstram o predomínio da erosão lateral em contraponto à erosão vertical do relevo.

  5. Manejo de águas pluviais e a sustentabilidade da drenagem urbana: estudo sobre o serviço de manutenção e conservação da drenagem de Salvador

    OpenAIRE

    Santos, Maria Auxiliadora Valasques dos

    2009-01-01

    O presente estudo objetiva identificar e analisar informações sobre o manejo de águas pluviais e a sustentabilidade da drenagem urbana, com ênfase na gestão, visando diagnosticar a situação atual e contribuir para a proposição de um novo modelo institucional de gestão do serviço de manutenção e conservação da drenagem de Salvador. Justifica-se tal propósito em decorrência da necessidade de se tratar a questão do manejo de águas pluviais e da drenagem urbana de uma forma mais elaborada e integ...

  6. GESTÃO DA DRENAGEM URBANA NO BRASIL: DESAFIOS PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE

    OpenAIRE

    Vladimir Caramori Borges de Souza

    2013-01-01

    Os sistemas de drenagem urbana no Brasil ainda seguem um padrão baseado apenas em eficiência hidráulica de condutos, apesar de já haver um reconhecimento de que este tipo de abordagem não resolve os problemas no longo prazo; é apenas uma ação pontual e que age sobre os efeitos. Desta forma, os sistemas de drenagem continuam sendo concebidos, dimensionados e projetados para falhar. Apesar de haver grande avanço acadêmico no desenvolvimento de técnicas e abordagens mais integradoras, com foco n...

  7. DRENAGEM SUPERFICIAL DE SOLOS ARGILOSOS DO NORTE DO PARANÁ

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    Rogério Teixeira de Faria

    1999-08-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Foi avaliado o desempenho de práticas de drenagem superficial e cobertura morta em uma área de várzea do norte do Paraná. Antes e após o cultivo do arroz, foram comparadas as taxas de drenagem em tratamentos com e sem drenos torpedo e determinadas a vazão e a obstrução dos condutos. Sob o cultivo do feijoeiro, foram avaliados os efeitos dos drenos torpedo e de "camas" na drenagem e de cobertura morta (palha de arroz na retenção de água do solo. Os resultados indicaram que os drenos torpedo foram mais eficientes se construídos com solo menos úmido, porém sua longevidade foi menor que um ano. Sob o feijoeiro, os drenos torpedo e cobertura morta mantiveram o lençol freático mais profundo e o solo com menor tensão de umidade, mas esses efeitos ocorreram abaixo da zona radicular (15 cm, resultando em baixa produtividade.

  8. DOS SISTEMAS AMBIENTAIS AO SISTEMA FLUVIALUMA REVISÃO DE CONCEITOS

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    Jonas Otaviano Praça de Souza

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Tentando consolidar as noções de totalidade, a geografia física passa a utilizar a noção de sistemas dinâmicos, não lineares e de comportamento caótico. Deste modo, a abordagem sistêmica/complexa apresenta-se como meio de compreensão do mundo natural, assim possibilitando a previsão de mudanças, avaliação dos sistemas ambientais, distúrbios e limiares do sistema. Nota-se, assim, a importância dos estudos processuais para o gerenciamento de recursos hídricos, tornando imprescindíveis estudos sistêmicos que analisem os diversos elementos importantes para a análise dos recursos hídricos, dentre eles as questões processuais. Deste modo, a necessidade de se trabalhar o gerenciamento integrado de recursos hídricos, enquadrado na perspectiva sistêmica, solidificou a bacia hidrográfica e/ou bacia de drenagem como recorte espacial sistêmico. Delimitada a área pode-se compreender a bacia hidrográfica como um Sistema Fluvial, conceituado por Schumm (1977, que é analisado a partir da zona fonte de sedimentos, da rede de transporte e dos sítios de deposição. Esses elementos não são espacialmente excludentes, interagindo entre si, além de apresentar escalas diferenciadas. Para o estudo do sistema fluvial é necessário levar em consideração quatro conceitos: uniformidade dos processos, limiares de mudança, evolução da paisagem e respostas complexas.

  9. Classificação De Bacias De Drenagem Do Alto Jequitaí (Minas Gerais A Partir Da Análise De Principais Componentes E Análise De Grupos

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    Robson Veloso Ribeiro Sodré

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo objetiva aplicar a análise multivariada para a descrição e classificação dos dados morfométricos de bacias de drenagem. A metodologia pode ser subdividida em quatro etapas: (a elaboração do Modelo Digital de Terreno (MDT hidrologicamente correto, (b delimitação dos limites da bacia a partir do MDT de acordo com a ordem fluvial de Strahler, (c determinação dos atributos morfométricos da bacia de drenagem, e (d análise multivariada (análise fatorial e análise de grupos. A elaboração do MDT considerou os seguintes procedimentos: preenchimento de depressões, aprofundamento da rede de drenagem, direção de fluxo e determinação do fluxo acumulado. As medidas morfométricas das bacias incluíram nove fatores: elevação (média, ponto mais alto e mais baixo, amplitude de elevação (diferença entre o ponto mais alto e baixo na bacia, declividade, curvatura, área, perímetro e índice de circularidade. A análise multivariada foi utilizada para simplificar e organizar a grande quantidade de dados. Como resultados foram encontradas 1.773 bacias de primeira ordem fluvial. 536 de segunda ordem fluvial e 136 de terceira ordem fluvial. A ACP reduziu os atributos morfométricos das bacias de drenagem em três componentes principais, com alta percentagem da variância original. A análise de cluster aglutinou as bacias com padrões morfológicos similares. A classificação das bacias apresenta as unidades geomorfológicas com forte controle geológico.

  10. Avaliação para implantar PMO em pequena empresa de projetos de drenagem urbana - Distrito Federal: estudo de caso

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    Silva, Marcelo Augusto Sales da; Silva, Venine de Cássia Sales da

    2014-01-01

    Objetiva-se com esse artigo realizar um estudo para implantar o Escritório de Projetos (Project Management Office – PMO) em uma empresa projetista de pequeno porte, que atua na área de drenagem urbana no Distrito Federal. A metodologia utilizada pautou-se em: caracterizar o objeto de estudo; avaliar a posição estragégica em relação ao mercado na área de atuação (Matriz SWOT); mapear os principais processos relativos aos projetos de drenagem elaborados no DF; estudar e propor uma estrutura org...

  11. EVOLUÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA DO RIO GRANDE, RJ: INFLUÊNCIAS GEOLÓGICAS E CAPTURAS DE DRENAGEM

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    Rodrigo Wagner Paixão Pinto

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available A análise dos sistemas fluviais são de extrema importância na compreensão da evolução geomorfológica da paisagem, pois possuem características, seja no seu arranjo ou distribuição dos canais, que permitem elaborar os episódios que ocorreram ao longo do tempo. A quebra do continente Gondwana e seus múltiplos eventos até a consolidação do Rift Continental do Sudeste do Brasil (RCSB implicou em uma mudança significativa no relevo sudeste e, consequentemente, nos sistemas de drenagens. Isto promoveu a reorganização dos sistemas de drenagens e uma nova dinâmica hidro-erosiva pelo rebaixado do nível de base na porção leste do continente. Diante do exposto, selecionou-se como estudo de caso a bacia do Rio Grande no Rio de Janeiro com o objetivo principal de entender o processo de evolução geomorfológica da bacia, a partir da organização da rede de drenagem e feições elementares da bacia frente aos eventos geológicos de formação e estruturação do substrato rochoso. A metodologia utilizada se baseia em trabalhos de gabinete, de campo e posterior análise dos dados gerados. Estes procedimentos visaram compreender a evolução do relevo na bacia do Rio Grande com base na correlação entre aspectos geológicos e geomorfológicos na organização do seu sistema fluvial. Pode-se inferir que a evolução geomorfológica da bacia do Rio Grande foi influenciada pelos múltiplos eventos tectônicos até a consolidação do RCSB. Os dados demonstram forte controle do substrato rochoso na morfologia do relevo e na orientação da rede de drenagem. Os resultados das orientações dos fluxos de drenagem demonstram grande quantidade de rios nas orientações NE, assim como, boa parte dos lineamentos estruturais na bacia estudada. Destaca-se, a influência dos lineamentos minerais das rochas, principalmente os gnaisses da Unidade São Fidélis para este comportamento. Além disso, lineamentos estruturais em outras dire

  12. Composição de resíduos de varrição e resíduos carreados pela rede de drenagem, em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana Litter composition delivered by street sweeping and by the storm drainage network, in an urban catchment

    OpenAIRE

    Marllus Gustavo Ferreira Passos das Neves; Carlos Eduardo Morelli Tucci

    2011-01-01

    Apresentam-se aqui resultados de estudo sobre a composição física de resíduos sólidos de varrição e também daqueles vindos por uma rede de drenagem, em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana, identificando, dentre outros, influências da frequência do serviço de varrição e da época do ano. Os resíduos de varrição foram provenientes de várias partes do solo da bacia e os da rede de drenagem eram retirados de um poço de casa de bombas, para onde convergia todo o escoamento da rede. Alguns resultados inte...

  13. Modelação hidráulica e de qualidade da água dos sistemas de drenagem em meios urbanos

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    Luís Filipe de Oliveira Girão

    Full Text Available RESUMO: As inundações urbanas estão se tornando cada vez mais frequentes, de tal forma que a União Europeia publicou a Diretiva 2007/60/CE no sentido de mitigar as consequências relacionadas com este fenômeno e de impor limites à concentração de poluentes nas águas pluviais. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma modelação dos sistemas de drenagem em situação de inundações, baseada no software da United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM, em que o estudo de caso é analisar um sistema de drenagem urbana unitário, inserido na Zona Central de Coimbra, em Portugal. Recorrendo à metodologia Automatic Overland Flow Delineation (AOFD para a geração de uma rede de drenagem superficial e implementando-a no SWMM, obteve-se um modelo de drenagem dual, que permite a análise do escoamento em situação de inundações, incluindo o controle de escoamento entre a superfície e a rede de coletores e a modelação da qualidade da água à superfície. Este modelo permite quantificar a carga poluente à superfície, relativamente ao parâmetro de sólidos suspensos totais, para um evento de precipitação extrema.

  14. A visão dos atores no sistema de drenagem urbana : uma análise crítica na gestão dos recursos humanos

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    Talita Fávaro Noccetti

    2008-01-01

    Esta pesquisa trata da percepção sobre a preparação dos atores do sistema de drenagem urbana e sua atuação nos serviços públicos municipais. O estudo bibliográfico específico abordou a questão da drenagem urbana, dos recursos humanos e da formação e capacitação para atuação em sistemas públicos de drenagem urbana. O trabalho avaliou as Instituições de Ensino Superior em Engenharia e as Prefeituras Municipais sob a ótica da drenagem urbana, onde foram aplicados questionários com abordagem espe...

  15. EVOLUÇÃO DE PALEOCABECEIRA DE DRENAGEM DO RIO CHOPINZINHO (SUL DO BRASIL DURANTE O QUATERNÁRIO SUPERIOR

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    Julio Cesar Paisani

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available O termo cabeceira de drenagem se refere à unidade de relevo côncava de dezenas de metros quadrados situada a montante de canal de primeira ordem hierárquica. A cabeceira de drenagem é uma unidade de relevo importante, pois faz a conexão entre dois setores geomorfológicos distintos, encosta e canal de drenagem. Em seus materiais ficam registradas as sucessivas fases de estabilidade (pedogênese e instabilidade (morfogênese ambiental que a área passou ao longo do tempo. A reconstituição da sequencia de fatos evolutivos da cabeceira de drenagem pode fornecer informações a respeito das mudanças na evolução do relevo em escala das bacias hidrográficas, sobretudo dos setores de baixa ordem hierárquica (bacias < 4ª ordem. Neste sentido, nós integramos dados morfológicos, geoquímicos, micromorfológicos e geocronológicos de sequencia pedoestratigráfica de paleocabeceira de drenagem do sistema hidrográfico do rio Chopinzinho (Sul do Brasil, para estabelecer seu quadro evolutivo, bem como tecer considerações a respeito da dinâmica paleoambiental da superfícide de Palmas/Água Doce durante o Quaternário Superior. No geral, o quadro evolutivo da paleocabeceira de drenagem sugere que a superfície de Palmas/Água Doce passou por dois momentos distintos, um até o final do Último Interestádio, em que se registrou equilíbrio dinâmico nas encostas e fundos de vales, e ou de instabilidade ambiental iniciado no Último Máximo Glacial e estabelecido plenamente no Holoceno Médio. 

  16. Analises dos padrões e estilos de canais a partir da paisagem geomorfológica fluvial na Bacia do Rio UNA/PE

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    Adriana Cassiano Silva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Os estilos fluviais refletem a fisiografia estrutural da rede de drenagem controladas pelos estratos rochosos, retratando na paisagem sua dinâmica, assim como os padrões de canais, que podem ser alterados por processos geomorfológicos, climáticos e antrópicos. O quadro dos estilos fluvial fornece um modelo geomorfológico dos processos espaciais e temporais biofísicos para gestão e planejamento das bacias hidrográficas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as influências do comportamento no canal da bacia do rio Una localizado no Nordeste do Estado de Pernambuco, a partir da investigação das feições da drenagem como reflexo da transferência de matéria e energia entre distintos compartimentos e setores do ambiente fluvial. A metodologia baseou-se em (Brierley & Fryirs, 2005, a partir da avaliação do índice de sinuosidade, mapeamento dos estilos e das feições fluviais, perfis longitudinais e trabalhos de observação em campo. Assim, constatou-se que a influência estrutural na rede de drenagem da referida bacia comandou a retilineidade do canal Una, com quebra no gradiente topográfico, inflexão do canal e vales encaixados. Nesse ambiente, constatou que a produção e deposição dos sedimentos estão vinculados as influências do clima tropical.

  17. Análise da intervenção fisioterapêutica com o uso de ultrassom e drenagem linfática manual no Fibro Edema Gelóide – uma revisão

    OpenAIRE

    Marta Lima Barcellos de Mello Huscher; Jeferson Marcelo Lessmann; Caroline Ferens

    2015-01-01

    O Fibro Edema Gelóide (FEG), popularmente conhecido como celulite, é a afecção inestética mais investigada na atualidade devido a sua alta incidência na população feminina. Muitos métodos podem ser empregados para o seu tratamento, dentre eles a Drenagem Linfática Manual (DLM) e o Ultrassom (US). Objetivo: realizar uma revisão científica das modalidades terapêuticas de US e DLM separadamente e combinadas, a fim de correlacionar as técnicas e discuti-las de modo à contribuir para a fundamentaç...

  18. VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL E CONDICIONANTES DO ENTALHAMENTO FLUVIAL NA BACIA DO RIO GRANDE, SUL DE MINAS GERAIS

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    Éric Andrade Rezende

    2016-12-01

    íticas na primeira e grabens neocenozoicos na segunda. Por um lado, as entradas de algumas gargantas situadas nas cristas quartzíticas funcionam como barreiras que limitam a incisão fluvial nas áreas a montante. Por outro lado, a subsidência das depressões tectônicas causou rebaixamento do nível de base regional e, consequentemente, uma tendência de encaixamento da drenagem a montante. Os resultados indicam um destacado papel da incisão fluvial na evolução e compartimentação do relevo dessa bacia hidrográfica interiorana situada em ambiente intraplaca

  19. Poluição difusa nas águas pluviais de uma bacia de drenagem urbana

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    Antonio Marozzi Righetto

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a primeira carga de lavagem de uma bacia urbana da cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, por meio da quantificação de cargas poluentes contidas nos deflúvios superficiais em decorrência de nove eventos de precipitação pluviométrica, monitorados ao longo do ano de 2013. As variáveis analisadas foram: sólidos totais, sólidos suspensos totais, demanda química de oxigênio, fósforo total e teor de óleos e graxas. Foi realizada a avaliação dos eventos de precipitação/escoamento, mediante amostragem progressiva do runoff, monitorado por meio de amostrador automático (ISCO 6712, situado no exutório da bacia, sendo analisados os primeiros 24 minutos do escoamento superficial, com amostras coletadas a cada minuto ao longo do evento. A variação da concentração dos poluentes associada à variação temporal dos deflúvios durante eventos de precipitação foi analisada para a verificação da ocorrência do fenômeno first flush ou primeira carga de lavagem. O período monitorado caracterizou-se por apresentar baixo intervalo de dias de estiagem entre os eventos. Foi observada a ocorrência de primeira carga de lavagem em cinco dos eventos monitorados. Dessa forma, evidenciou-se que para a bacia estudada o conceito de first flush pode ser aplicado nas estratégias de manejo de águas pluviais, para implementação de boas práticas de manejo, que vêm sendo amplamente difundidas no que concerne à drenagem urbana.

  20. PADRONIZAÇÃO DE LIMIARES DE ÁREA ACUMULADA MÁXIMA PARA DEFINIÇÃO DE REDES DE DRENAGEM ATRAVÉS DE MODELOS DIGITAIS DE ELEVAÇÃO EM DIFERENTES ESCALAS

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    Cézar Clemente Pires dos Santos; Shozo Shiraiwa

    2012-01-01

    A topologia e geometria das redes de drenagem têm contribuído substancialmente para os estudos em geomorfologia e hidrologia, incluindo modernos modelos de evolução da paisagem. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para extração automatizada de redes de drenagem utilizando limiares de fluxo acumulado em ambiente SIG. A metodologia pode ser dividida nas seguintes etapas: (a) construção do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) hidrologicamente corrigido, (b) delimitação das bac...

  1. Composição de resíduos de varrição e resíduos carreados pela rede de drenagem, em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana Litter composition delivered by street sweeping and by the storm drainage network, in an urban catchment

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    Marllus Gustavo Ferreira Passos das Neves

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Apresentam-se aqui resultados de estudo sobre a composição física de resíduos sólidos de varrição e também daqueles vindos por uma rede de drenagem, em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana, identificando, dentre outros, influências da frequência do serviço de varrição e da época do ano. Os resíduos de varrição foram provenientes de várias partes do solo da bacia e os da rede de drenagem eram retirados de um poço de casa de bombas, para onde convergia todo o escoamento da rede. Alguns resultados interessantes: em média, 23% da massa de varrição são de lixo seco, predominando plásticos moles. Mais presença de plásticos duros ocorreu nas áreas de varrição diária. Com a análise dos resíduos vindos pela drenagem: o plástico Pet apareceu mais na rede em precipitações intensas do que nos sacos de varrição. Plásticos moles sempre ocorrem na varrição e na drenagem ao longo do ano.This paper presents results of a study about physical composition of litter from street sweeping and also those delivered by a storm drainage network urban catchment, identifying, among others, influences of the frequency of sweeping service and the season. The litter from sweeping came from several parts of the catchment and those delivered by a storm drainage network were taken from a well pump house, convergence point of the flow. Some interesting results: on average, 23% of the street sweeping mass is dry litter, predominantly soft plastics. More presence of hard plastics occurred at areas of daily sweeping. With the analysis of litter in the storm drainage network: pet plastics are more delivered by storm drainage network in intense rainfall than appear in bags sweeping. Soft plastics always occur in the bags sweeping and into storm drainage network throughout the year.

  2. Avaliação do papel da drenagem na elaboração de feições geomorfológicas no município de GOIANA - PE

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    Daniel Rodrigues de Lira

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma análise da influência da rede de drenagem no modelado da superfície terrestre e na evolução geomorfológica no município de Goiana, Estado de Pernambuco. Foram aplicadas técnicas de Modelagem Numérica do Terreno para estabelecer diferenças entre os padrões de drenagem, de relevo e de solos, buscando identificar áreas morfogeneticamente distintas. Foram identificados quatro padrões de drenagem: 1- padrão pinado, orientado para sudeste e relacionado às colinas dissecadas; 2- padrão paralelo, orientado para nordeste, com formas tabulares dissecadas; 3-paralelo e subparalelo, orientado para sudeste, com forma tabular; e 4- paralelo, direcionado a leste, forma tabular. Esses padrões são fortemente influenciados pela presença de feições morfotectônicas de grábens e horsts.

  3. Desenvolvimento de metodologia para avaliação de desempenho de sistemas de drenagem urbana : aplicação ao caso RIDE-DF e entorno

    OpenAIRE

    Novaes, Carlos Augusto Furtado de Oliveira

    2017-01-01

    O estudo, em linhas gerais, procurou desenvolver uma metodologia suscetível de contribuir para uma melhor gestão dos sistemas de drenagem a partir de conhecimento fundamentado em informações disponíveis que alimentassem indicadores criados para cada um dos seis critérios de análise e avaliação definidos (físico, hidráulico, institucional, ambiental, social e econômico), que receberam pesos de acordo com sugestões de diversos especialistas consultados. Tais indicadores e critérios são a bas...

  4. Drenagem urbana: centro histórico de Leiria

    OpenAIRE

    Martins, Wilson Antunes Xavier

    2016-01-01

    No que concerne ao funcionamento de um sistema de drenagem urbana a maior preocupação é o encaminhamento das águas provenientes de precipitações ocorrentes em áreas urbanas para pontos de descarga no meio recetor fora das zonas urbanas, o mais rápido possível. Os centros urbanos estão munidos de diversos tipos de ocupação do solo, conduzindo ao aumento da impermeabilização do solo, que em termos de drenagem urbana não é vantajoso porque reduz a capacidade de infiltração no solo, aumentando...

  5. Avaliação do desempenho hidráulico de um sistema de drenagem de águas pluviais urbanas

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    José Anderson do Nascimento Batista

    Full Text Available RESUMO A ausência de planejamento e da integração entre as entidades responsáveis pelo gerenciamento da infraestrutura urbana associada à ocupação inadequada do espaço da cidade ocasiona sobrecargas em determinados trechos da rede pluvial. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho hidráulico do sistema de drenagem de águas pluviais urbanas do Campus Universitário “Professor Zeferino Vaz”, de tal forma que sejam identificados quais trechos apresentam sobrecarga e eventualmente inundações locais. Normalmente, em áreas urbanas, os dados hidrológicos disponíveis restringem-se aos dados pluviométricos. Dessa forma, são necessários métodos de transformação de chuva-vazão para o cálculo das vazões afluentes à rede de drenagem. Após a determinação das vazões afluentes, foram avaliadas as condições hidráulicas de operação em regime permanente variado. Por meio de índices de desempenho hidráulico reportados na literatura, foram avaliados graus de sobrecarga em cada trecho da rede de drenagem urbana. Além disso, a elaboração da matriz da contribuição hidráulica da rede de drenagem possibilitou identificar as causas das sobrecargas em cada trecho. As avaliações das redes do campus realizadas com período de retorno de 5 anos mostraram que o campus possui pelo menos 12 pontos de alagamento. Nesse sentido, o índice de desempenho hidráulico e a matriz de contribuições poderão constituir um importante instrumento também para uma eventual reabilitação dessas redes.

  6. PADRONIZAÇÃO DE LIMIARES DE ÁREA ACUMULADA MÁXIMA PARA DEFINIÇÃO DE REDES DE DRENAGEM ATRAVÉS DE MODELOS DIGITAIS DE ELEVAÇÃO EM DIFERENTES ESCALAS

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    Cézar Clemente Pires dos Santos

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A topologia e geometria das redes de drenagem têm contribuído substancialmente para os estudos em geomorfologia e hidrologia, incluindo modernos modelos de evolução da paisagem. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para extração automatizada de redes de drenagem utilizando limiares de fluxo acumulado em ambiente SIG. A metodologia pode ser dividida nas seguintes etapas: (a construção do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE hidrologicamente corrigido, (b delimitação das bacias de drenagem a partir do MDE considerando a hierarquização de bacias de drenagem proposta por Strahler, (c cálculo dos atributos morfométricos das bacias de drenagem e (d análise estatística multivariada (análise de grupos e análise de componentes principais. Neste trabalho são apresentados algoritmos para a extração da rede de drenagem utilizando dados do sensor ASTER GDEM e dados do radar SRTM na escala 1:1.600.000 (Bacia hidrográfica e na escala 1:500.000 (microbacia. A partir da análise dos diferentes limiares de fluxo acumulado pode observar que a escala e a resolução espacial dos MDEs interferem na hierarquia hídrica proposta por Strahler. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a viabilidade de aplicação da mesma seqüência de procedimentos para outras bacias hidrográficas.

  7. Influência da escala na análise morfométrica de microbacias hidrográficas Scale influence in morphometric analysis of the watersheds

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    Marcelo Zanata

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available No intuito de verificar a influência da escala na análise física de bacias hidrográficas utilizou-se o método da análise morfométrica visando aos dados quantitativos e, com isto, diferenciar áreas homogêneas dentro desta unidade territorial. Entre as variáveis estudadas estão as dimensionais, as do padrão de drenagem e as do relevo. A área de estudo é a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Cachoeira. As bases cartográficas na escala 1:50000 (IBGE e 1:10000 (IGC foram utilizadas para a hierarquização da rede de drenagem e para a análise morfométrica. A microbacia se caracteriza por se tratar de uma drenagem fluvial exorreica, com rios consequentes e drenagem dendrítica. O baixo valor do fator de forma indica uma bacia mais alongada e com menor risco de enchentes sazonais. Os valores de densidade de drenagem, frequência de rios e razão de bifurcação, são considerados baixos e indicam a formação de solo sobre rocha permeável. Os baixos valores para a razão de relevo e a razão de relevo relativo, sugerem uma microbacia com relevo relativamente suave. O detalhamento da cartografia com a referência terrestre revelou maior número de compartimentos hidrológicos e aumentou o comprimento da rede de drenagem refletindo, assim, em alterações sutis nos resultados obtidos para as variáveis físicas analisadas.In order to verify the different scales in physical analysis of watersheds, the geomorphic quantitative analysis was done to distinguish homogeneous areas within this land unit. The variables studied were the dimensions, drainage pattern and relief characteristics. The study area is the watershed of the Córrego da Cachoeira, São Paulo State, Brazil. The cartographic scale 1:50000 (IBGE and 1:10000 (IGC were used to delineate the drainage network and study the morphometric characteristics. The watershed is characterized as an exoreic, fluvial drainage with consequent streams and drainage pattern. The values of the

  8. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA REDE DE DRENAGEM NA PORÇÃO LESTE DA ILHA DO MARAJÓ E IMPLICAÇÕES TECTÔNICAS

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    Lena Simone Barata Souza

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available A análise de bacias de drenagem, combinada com dados de sensoriamento remoto e cartográficos, fornece informações significantes para o reconhecimento de lineamentos morfoestruturais e para a detecção de feições tectônicas com expressão na paisagem atual. Este procedimento foi aplicado no estudo de três bacias de drenagem do leste da Ilha do Marajó, correspondentes aos rios Arari, Camará e Paracauari. Todas estas bacias mostram evidências de anomalias morfoestruturais, incluindo-se principalmente: mudanças rápidas no padrão de drenagem dentro de uma mesma bacia, variando de treliça, retangular, multibacinal a subparalelo; canais retilíneos comumente conectados em ângulos retos; canais fortemente sinuosos que se tornam retilíneos; meandros localizados; e bacias altamente assimétricas. Anomalias de drenagem, consistindo em frequentes desvios de direção formando ângulos retos e meandros isolados e comprimidos, são também reconhecidas na paleodrenagem preservada neste setor da ilha. Com base na densidade dos lineamentos estruturais, pode-se reconhecer dois compartimentos morfoestruturais. O compartimento I é localizado na porção centro-leste da área de estudo, onde ocorre densidade de lineamento alta com duas direções preferenciais para NW-SE e NE-SW. O compartimento II, correspondente ao restante da área, apresenta densidade de lineamentos variando entre muito baixa a média e com orientação principal para NE-SW. As características morfoestruturais dos sistemas de drenagem atual e pretérita permitem sugerir área com forte controle tectônico. A deformação tectônica pode refletir reativação de falhas de direções principais NW-SE e NE-SW, melhor registradas no compartimento I.

  9. Consistência hidrológica de modelos digitais de elevação (MDE para definição da rede de drenagem na sub-bacia do horto florestal Terra Dura, Eldorado do Sul, RS

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    Anna Hoffmann Oliveira

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available O desenvolvimento da erosão hídrica ocorre em resposta ao modo como a água se move através e sobre uma determinada paisagem. O modelo digital de elevação (MDE deve, portanto, ser o mais preciso possível, uma vez que constitui a base para a análise do relevo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo definir um modelo digital de elevação hidrologicamente consistente (MDEHC e o método de direção de fluxo mais adequado para a definição da rede de drenagem na sub-bacia do horto florestal Terra Dura, município de Eldorado do Sul, RS. Foram testados os modelos gerados com os interpoladores Topogrid e redes triangulares irregulares (Triangulated Irregular Network -TIN linear (TIN L e TIN natural neighbor (TIN NN. A qualidade em relação às análises hidrológicas foi avaliada por meio da comparação das curvas de nível geradas pelos modelos testados com as curvas originais da sub-bacia (escala 1:10.000; da avaliação da quantidade de áreas planas; e da comparação da drenagem gerada pelos modelos a partir dos métodos de direção de fluxo Deterministic (D8 e Deterministic infinity (D∞ ou D infinito com a drenagem original. Entre os modelos avaliados, o Topogrid apresentou maior consistência hidrológica, verificada na melhor continuidade das curvas de nível (menos arestas e maior detalhamento da área de drenagem e divisores, acarretando menor quantidade de áreas planas e caminhos de fluxo mais detalhados, independentemente do método de direção de fluxo utilizado. Em relação à rede de drenagem, o método distribuído D∞ obteve melhor desempenho na descrição dos caminhos de fluxo, comparado ao método de direção única D8. O MDEHC Topogrid associado ao método D∞ proporcionou a identificação mais precisa dos caminhos preferenciais do fluxo que formam a rede de drenagem.

  10. Análise Morfométrica da Rede de Drenagem da Bacia do Rio do Machado-MG / Morphometric Analisys of Machado Drainage Basin – Minas Gerais State

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    Marli Carina Siqueira Ribeiro

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo visa analisar a rede de drenagem através da utilização das técnicas de indice Relação Declividade e Extensão do Curso de agua (RDE e análise do perfil longitudinal dos vales, numa região chave do Planalto Sul de Minas, a fim de contribuir com estudos sobre evolução da paisagem da região sudeste do Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio do Machado (MG, afluente do Alto Rio Grande, e regiões adjacentes, localizadas no Planalto Sul de Minas. O Rio do Machado apresenta uma particularidade em seu curso, com uma mudança brusca de direção tomada por sua drenagem na área próxima ao seu médio curso. Com a aplicação das técnicas pretende-se compreender melhor a dinâmica do relevo na área, identificando áreas com indício de ação neotectônica e seu padrão de distribuição na bacia.

  11. COMPORTAMENTO DE HERBICIDA EM SOLO DE VÁRZEA COM DRENAGEM SUBTERRÂNEA

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    CRUCIANI D.E.

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available O conhecimento do comportamento de herbicidas é fundamental na avaliação de sua eficácia na agricultura e na compreensão do impacto ambiental causado por estes produtos químicos. A drenagem do solo pode influir no comportamento do herbicida pois pode atuar como fator modificador de sua mobilidade, transporte, arraste superficial e infiltração no solo e consequentemente, da contaminação de águas subterrâneas. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar o efeito de um sistema de drenagem subterrâneo sobre o arraste lateral, lixiviação e contaminação do lençol freático pelo herbicida trifluralina aplicado em pré-emergência na cultura do milho. Os resultados obtidos das avaliações efetuadas na superfície do solo, na profundidade de 0 - 15 cm e na água de drenagem permitiram concluir, principalmente, que a drenagem subterrânea funciona como redutor da lixiviação superficial do herbicida, diminuindo assim os riscos de contaminação ambiental.

  12. DÉFICIT NA DRENAGEM URBANA: BUSCANDO O ENTENDIMENTO E CONTRIBUINDO PARA A DEFINIÇÃO

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    Vladimir Caramori Borges de Souza

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE A abordagem tradicional brasileira na drenagem urbana indica que os corpos d’água devem ser saneados e, nesse aspecto, sanear tem sido entendido como drenar, no sentido de criar estruturas de micro e macrodrenagem para conduzir a água para os pontos mais distantes possíveis. Em uma visão moderna, o sistema de drenagem deve ser tratado como um dos componentes do espaço urbano, sendo impossível dissociá-lo da infraestrutura das cidades. Para avaliar esses sistemas, os indicadores tradicionais (tais como aqueles baseados em cobertura de rede ou atendimento per capita não são capazes de retratar sua condição (eficiência ou déficit. Esse artigo busca definir o conceito de déficit em drenagem e manejo de águas pluviais urbanas, tentando estabelecer as relações entre o conceito em si, as noções de risco utilizadas em dimensionamento de redes, a cobertura do sistema, as tecnologias para drenagem das águas pluviais, a informação disponível, o estado (de degradação dos corpos d’água e as estruturas técnico-institucionais. Observa-se que a definição conceitual de déficit relacionado às águas pluviais é complexa e se relaciona a vários aspectos da infraestrutura e da política urbanas, não podendo estar restrito à cobertura de rede. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

  13. Modelação hidráulica e de qualidade da água dos sistemas de drenagem em meios urbanos

    OpenAIRE

    Girão,Luís Filipe de Oliveira; Simões,Nuno Eduardo da Cruz; Marques,José Alfeu Almeida de Sá; Leitão,João Paulo Correia; Pina,Rui Daniel

    2017-01-01

    RESUMO: As inundações urbanas estão se tornando cada vez mais frequentes, de tal forma que a União Europeia publicou a Diretiva 2007/60/CE no sentido de mitigar as consequências relacionadas com este fenômeno e de impor limites à concentração de poluentes nas águas pluviais. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma modelação dos sistemas de drenagem em situação de inundações, baseada no software da United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), em ...

  14. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA REDE DE DRENAGEM DA BACIA DO MÉDIO E BAIXO RIO MADEIRA

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    Ericson Hideki Hayakawa

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available A caracterização da rede de drenagem atual utilizando variáveis como propriedade, padrão e morfologia, auxilia na identificação dos fatores que controlaram seu desenvolvimento na paisagem. A disponibilidade de diferentes produtos e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto potencializa estudos desse escopo, principalmente em áreas como a região amazônica, onde a obtenção de dados em campo é dificultada pela fisiografia. Este trabalho apresenta a caracterização do sistema de drenagem atual da média e baixa bacia do rio Madeira a partir de dados de sensoriamento remoto, com o intuito de verificar o registro de influência tectônica no seu desenvolvimento, especialmente em áreas de cobertura sedimentar terciária e quaternária. A integração de diferentes produtos e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto foi eficiente na caracterização da rede de drenagem atual da área de estudo. Os resultados indicam padrão de drenagem predominantemente subdendrítico-subtreliça (39.6%, seguido dos padrões subdendrítico (23.5% e treliça-subtreliça (13.8%. Grande parte das bacias que constituem a área de estudo apresenta bacias de drenagem assimétricas. Anomalias de drenagem são abundantes, sendo exemplificados pelo alinhamento de rias, rios com segmentos retilíneos alternados com segmentos fortemente meandrantes, mudanças abruptas e ortogonais de cursos e meandramento isolado. O rio Madeira apresenta segmentos retilíneos de até 35 km de extensão. A densidade de drenagem e de lineamentos morfoestruturais é menor em área de sedimentação quaternária do que em áreas do embasamento cristalino. O direcionamento dos lineamentos morfoestruturais revela comportamento similar em toda a área de estudo e independente da cobertura geológica, sendo modas direcionais para E-W, NE-SW e NW-SE as mais comuns. Os resultados sugerem que as bacias de drenagem do médio e baixo rio Madeira são controladas por estruturas tectônicas. A integração com os

  15. Análise da intervenção fisioterapêutica com o uso de ultrassom e drenagem linfática manual no Fibro Edema Gelóide – uma revisão

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    Marta Lima Barcellos de Mello Huscher

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available O Fibro Edema Gelóide (FEG, popularmente conhecido como celulite, é a afecção inestética mais investigada na atualidade devido a sua alta incidência na população feminina. Muitos métodos podem ser empregados para o seu tratamento, dentre eles a Drenagem Linfática Manual (DLM e o Ultrassom (US. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão científica das modalidades terapêuticas de US e DLM separadamente e combinadas, a fim de correlacionar as técnicas e discuti-las de modo à contribuir para a fundamentação científica sobre a utilização destas como opção terapêutica no FEG. Método: estudo realizado no formato de revisão de literatura. Foram realizada buscas de artigos em bases de dados como Google Acadêmico, LILACS, Medline, PubMed, SciELO. As palavras-chave empregadas na pesquisa foram: Fisioterapia Dermato Funcional, Ultrassom, Drenagem Linfática Manual, Celulite, Fibro Edema Gelóide, Hidrolipodistrofia Ginóide e seus respectivos termos em inglês. Resultados: ao total, cinco artigos cumpriram todos os critérios de inclusão. Um artigo utilizando apenas o US e um utilizando somente a DLM, dois estudos comparativos e um mesclando ambas as técnicas. Considerações finais: a DLM e o US mostraram-se ser procedimentos coadjuvantes ao tratamento da FEG, promovendo resultados com um grau de satisfação pessoal alta dentre as pacientes. No entanto, ainda há discordância quando se refere ao uso do US isoladamente, sendo que o mesmo não ocorre com a DLM, que apresenta resultados evidentes mesmo quando utilizada separadamente.

  16. ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA DA REDE DE DRENAGEM DO ALTO JURUÁ/AC, EXTRAÍDA DE MDE-SRTM.

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    Maria Madalena Sousa

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available A caracterização da rede de drenagem utilizando variáveis como morfologia, propriedade e padrão auxiliam na identificação dos fatores de evolução da área. O uso dos dados e técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto fornece ajuda significante em áreas com fisiografia complexa de difícil acesso como é o caso da Amazônia. Este trabalho consiste numa análise morfológica da rede de drenagem atual do Rio Juruá mais especificamente na região denominada Alto Juruá, no estado do Acre, utilizando imagens obtidas do MDE –SRTM. A análise mostra que o rio Juruá apresenta fortes evidências de feições tectônica afetando a paisagem, isto é revelado pelas seguintes características encontradas: lineamentos morfoestruturais coincidindo com a orientação geral das falhas, predomínio de padrões de drenagem variáveis, incluindo treliça, paralelas e retangular, abundância de anomalias nas drenagem tanto atuais quanto pretéritas, incluindo desvios de drenagem em ângulos retos e canais retilíneos.

  17. MUDANÇAS AMBIENTAIS QUATERNÁRIAS NO MEGALEQUE FLUVIAL DO AQUIDAUANA, BORDA SUDESTE DO PANTANAL MATOGROSSENSE

    OpenAIRE

    Gregório, Eliézer Cece; Facincani, Edna Maria; Professora Dra. da FAENG/UFMS (Faculdade das Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul), Campus de Campo Grande/MS – Brasil – bloco 7A. Telefone: (67) 3345-7384. E-mail:; Amorim, Gustavo Marques e; Turismólogo - UFMS / Mestre e Doutor em Geociências - Geologia Regional - UNESP FUNDECT - Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS -Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul INFI - Instituto de Física - Laboratório de Modelagem Computacional Telefone: (67) 9126-7405 (67) 3345-7384

    2016-01-01

    O Megaleque do Aquidauana é um trato de sistemas deposicionais, em que o rio Paraguai é a drenagem principal, coletora das águas de diversos leques fluviais, constituindo de uma importante feição geomorfológica instalada na Borda Sudeste do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, com área de aproximadamente 3.783.48 km². No presente trabalho, utilizando dados orbitais e técnicas de interpretação visual de imagens a área foi compartimentada em três lobos deposicionais distintos denominados de antigo, pré-atu...

  18. A geometria fractal da rede de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica do Caeté, Alfredo Wagner-SC

    OpenAIRE

    Vestena,Leandro Redin; Kobiyama,Masato

    2010-01-01

    Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar e avaliar a dimensão fractal da rede de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica do Caeté, em Alfredo Wagner, SC, a partir de diferentes métodos, com o propósito de caracterizar as formas geomorfológicas irregulares. A rede de drenagem apresenta propriedades multifractais. As dimensões fractais para os segmentos individuais (df) e para a rede de drenagem inteira (Df) foram determinadas por métodos que se fundamentaram nas razões de Horton e pelo método da conta...

  19. Remoção da fração oleosa de embalagens de lubrificantes automotivos pós-consumo por drenagem gravitacional

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    Harley Moraes Martins

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Este trabalho aborda a questão do gerenciamento de embalagens pós-consumo de lubrificantes automotivos, considerando as dificuldades inerentes à implementação do sistema de logística reversa - prática compulsória por força de lei (Brasil, Lei 12.305/2010 - e a ineficácia dos atuais métodos utilizados para remoção da fração oleosa residual, necessária ao reprocessamento do material plástico por reciclagem mecânica direta. Para determinar metodologia apropriada para limpeza dos frascos de lubrificantes foram conduzidos experimentos para avaliar a influência do aquecimento e da posição das embalagens durante o processo de drenagem gravitacional. O procedimento analítico realizado proporcionou a escolha de uma combinação de variáveis capaz de assegurar remoção de elevado teor do resíduo oleoso com menor gasto energético. A otimização foi feita utilizando um planejamento experimental do tipo composto central com triplicata no ponto central. Os dados obtidos nos ensaios foram analisados com recursos estatísticos e demonstraram que ambos os parâmetros avaliados interferem, de forma significativa, no processo em estudo. Os resultados apontaram aumento da eficácia do processo quando a drenagem é realizada em temperaturas superiores a 35ºC e com a embalagem inclinada em ângulos próximos a 70º em relação à horizontal. Nessas condições, percentuais de remoção de óleo residual superaram 95% após 35 minutos de drenagem.

  20. Requisitos de clientes para o desenvolvimento de um implemento a fim de fechar taipas abertas para drenagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulisses Giacomini Frantz

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available O arroz irrigado é cultivado na maior parte do RS com aplainamento da superfície do solo em desnível e sistema de cultivo mínimo. Com a semeadura em solo seco, há necessidade de conformar drenos, que cortam transversalmente as taipas, na área de cultivo. Para o estabelecimento da lâmina de água definitiva, essas taipas abertas para drenagem devem ser fechadas e, para essa finalidade, não existe um equipamento específico que execute tal atividade com devida agilidade e qualidade, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de um implemento com este fim. Ainda, para o processo de desenvolvimento de máquinas agrícolas, faz-se necessário o levantamento de uma série de informações. Na fase de projetação, essas informações são necessárias para o estabelecimento das necessidades dos clientes/usuários e dos requisitos dos clientes, para posteriormente serem transformadas em requisitos de projeto e estabelecidas as especificações de projeto. Desse modo, este trabalho objetivou determinar os requisitos dos clientes, a partir das suas necessidades, para o projeto de um implemento com a função de fechamento de taipas abertas para drenagem no arroz irrigado. As informações foram levantadas a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas e aplicação de questionários a futuros clientes/usuários. Como resultados, foram identificadas as necessidades dos clientes, assim como 25 requisitos de clientes

  1. CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS E MORFOMÉTRICAS DOS CANAIS DE DRENAGEM DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO BOM SUCESSO - SEMIÁRIDO DA BAHIA/BRASIL

    OpenAIRE

    Kleber Carvalho Lima; Archimedes Perez Filho; Cenira Maria Lupinacci Cunha

    2014-01-01

    Propõe-se neste artigo, analisar as características dos canais de drenagem intermitentes e efêmeros da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Bom Sucesso (Bahia), levando-se em consideração os seus aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos. Para tanto, definiu-se a rede de drenagem, caracterizaram-se os canais de drenagem, classificaram-se os cursos fluviais quanto à textura do canal e aplicaram-se os índices morfométricos. Por meio disso, verificou-se que a bacia possui baixa densidade de drenagem e baixa de...

  2. Simulação e avaliação do desempenho hidrológico da drenagem horizontal de percolado em aterro sanitário Leachate horizontal drainage hydrologic performance evaluation and simulation in sanitary landfill

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Capelo Neto

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available A determinação da quantidade de percolado gerado em aterros sanitários continua sendo uma tarefa difícil, principalmente no semi-árido nordestino onde predominam caracteríticas meteorológicas e geológicas bem peculiares. O programa HELP (avaliação do comportamento hidrológico em aterros sanitários, desenvolvido por Schroder et al (1984, foi utilizado na simulação de várias configurações de drenagem de fundo. Aplicou-se ao modelo, dados meteorológicos e de solos da região onde está o aterro sanitário de Caucaia (ASMOC, a qual é representativa do semi-árido nordestino. Três características da drenagem de fundo foram variadas (configuração da drenagem, inclinação de fundo e adição de uma camada drenante com alta permeabilidade com o objetivo de avaliar a altura da coluna de percolado, a quantidade de percolado infiltrado no solo e o volume coletado para tratamento. Nas trincheiras sem camada drenante, o aumento da inclinação de fundo e a alteração da configuração dos drenos tiveram pouca influência sobre as variáveis estudadas. A adição da camada drenante proporcionou uma redução significativa da altura da coluna e na infiltração de percolado no solo, mostrando que é um componente fundamental para o bom funcionamento do sistema de drenagem horizontal em aterros sanitários.Leachate quantification in sanitary landfills has always been a difficult task for designers. In the semi-arid northeast of Brazil, where meteorological and geological characteristics are very peculiar, this task becomes even more complicated. With the aid of the computer program HELP-Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance developed by Schroeder et al (1984, and using local meteorological and geological data, various scenarios were simulated altering trench bottom inclination, drainage system configurations, and adding a layer with high hydraulic conductivity. With those changes, leachate head accumulated in the waste, leachate

  3. Poluição aquática em Santos (SP): uma abordagem interdisciplinar

    OpenAIRE

    Andrea Pimenta Ambrozevicius

    2010-01-01

    A poluição aquática em Santos é uma questão ambiental prioritária, interdisciplinar por natureza, devido aos seus efeitos ecológicos, de saúde pública e sócio-econômicos. Trata-se de um problema amplamente relatado, cuja evolução acompanhou o histórico de desenvolvimento econômico da região. A presente pesquisa partiu de análises pontuais de um único, porém representativo, canal de drenagem pluvial urbana e das praias receptoras de seu conteúdo, para uma análise da poluição aquática no municí...

  4. Fotointerpretação de padrões de drenagem de bacias hidrográficas na caracterização de solos desenvolvidos de rochas eruptivas básicas no estado do Paraná Drainage pattern photointerpretation in the characterization of soils developed from basaltic rocks in the state of Paraná, Brazil

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    J.A.M. Demattê

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available Utilizando fotografias aéreas na escala 1:25.000, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar os padrões da rede de drenagem, a partir de bacias hidrográficas de 3ª ordem de ramificação, em três regiões de solos desenvolvidos de rochas eruptivas básicas no Estado do Paraná. As unidades de mapeamento são: brunizem avermelhado+litossolos associados, terra roxa estruturada e latossolo roxo. A densidade de drenagem, freqüência de rios e a razão de textura média foram as propriedades mais significativas na separação dos solos das áreas, permitindo também constatar variações de drenagem dentro de uma mesma unidade de solo. Pelo teste de semelhança geométrica foi possível obter "grupos" de bacias representativas de uma mesma unidade de mapeamento. Há estreita correlação entre densidade de drenagem e índices de intemperismo dos solos.Aerial photographs in the scale of 1:25.000 were used to study the drainage network and its Quantitative and descriptive characteristics in 3 areas located in Paraná , for soils developed from basaltic rocks. The soil mapping units were the following: reddish brunizen or an argiudoll, terra roxa estruturada or a rodudalf and "roxo" latosol or an acrortox. The drainage density, river frequency and texture ratio, in watersheds were the best index for characterizing the soil unit. Also, they were useful in the separation of watersheds with inclusion of different soils. By using the geometric test, it was possible to obtain "groups" of watersheds representatives of the same soil. There was a close correlation between drainage density and weathering index, for soils developed from basaltic rocks.

  5. Proposta de roteiro para coleta de dados visando diagnóstico da drenagem urbana em planos diretores municipais / Protocol proposal for data collection seeking the urban drainage diagnostic in municipal urban plans

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    Rodrigo Braga Moruzzi

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available ResumoO Plano Diretor (PD é o instrumento básico da política de desenvolvimento urbano e obrigatório, por força da Constituição Federal e do Estatuto da Cidade (Lei Federal 10.257/2001, para as cidades com mais de vinte mil habitantes. A maioria das cidades brasileiras sofrem com problemas associados a equívocos no trato da questão da drenagem urbana e, nesse sentido, a drenagem urbana é um tema indispensável que deve constar nos PD(s municipais. Para tal, o diagnóstico dos problemas associados à drenagem é imprescindível na identificação da causa e na proposta de soluções. Assim, procurou-se, neste artigo, uma proposta de roteiro para coleta de dados visando diagnóstico da drenagem urbana em PD. Para tal, adotou-se como eixo norteador as disposições constantes na Resolução CONAMA 369/2006 e outros instrumentos por esta utilizados. O roteiro possibilitou sistematizar e homogeneizar a coleta de dados e surge como uma alternativa para a rotina de coleta de informações e registro dos impactos em áreas urbanas, auxiliando no levantamento dos problemas e na proposição de diretrizes para o sistema de drenagem urbana. A aplicação foi limitada ao estudo de caso, entretanto os atributos foram norteados pelas recomendações de instrumentos legais e, assim, acredita-se na potencialidade de extrapolação da proposta. No entanto, recomenda-se o contínuo aperfeiçoamento do processo de levantamento dos dados e na incorporação de ferramentas de banco de dados e georeferenciamento para dinamizar o processo de atualização dos dados. Além disso, acredita-se que a proposta possa evoluir para uma análise baseada na classificação de riscos.AbstractThe Urban Plan is a basic tool for urban development policy and it is required from cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants, according to the Brazilian Federal Constitution and to the Federal Law 10.257/2001. The majority of Brazilian cities have problems that are associated with

  6. Saneamento bÃsico em Ãreas de vulnerabilidade socioeconÃmica: uma avaliaÃÃo do Programa de Drenagem Urbana de Fortaleza (DRENURB)

    OpenAIRE

    Camilla Paiva Viana

    2015-01-01

    O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as polÃticas pÃblicas de saneamento bÃsico e, em especial, avaliar o Programa de Drenagem Urbana de Fortaleza (Drenurb), verificando quais foram os efeitos provocados por suas aÃÃes no perÃodo de 2010 a 2012. O Drenurb corresponde à primeira iniciativa sistematizada da Prefeitura Municipal de Fortaleza para a captaÃÃo das Ãguas pluviais em meio urbano, visando a minorar os transtornos causados pela incidÃncia de alagamentos. Para a realizaÃÃo dest...

  7. ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA DA REDE DE DRENAGEM DO ALTO JURUÁ/AC, EXTRAÍDA DE MDE-SRTM.

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Madalena Sousa; Wallace de Oliveira

    2017-01-01

    A caracterização da rede de drenagem utilizando variáveis como morfologia, propriedade e padrão auxiliam na identificação dos fatores de evolução da área. O uso dos dados e técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto fornece ajuda significante em áreas com fisiografia complexa de difícil acesso como é o caso da Amazônia. Este trabalho consiste numa análise morfológica da rede de drenagem atual do Rio Juruá mais especificamente na região denominada Alto Juruá, no estado do Acre, utilizando imagens obtida...

  8. Estudo anatômico da veia braquial comum como via de drenagem colateral do membro superior Anatomic study of the common brachial vein as a collateral drainage channel of the upper limb

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    Carlos Adriano Silva dos Santos

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Traumatismos ou tromboses que possam evoluir com alterações da drenagem venosa do membro superior, dependendo do território interrompido, podem ter como mecanismo compensatório uma via colateral de drenagem sem que haja prejuízo para o retorno venoso desse membro. A veia braquial comum apresenta-se como uma alternativa plausível e pouco conhecida. OBJETIVO: Descrever a anatomia da veia braquial comum como via de drenagem colateral no membro superior. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos 30 cadáveres do sexo masculino, cujos membros superiores estavam articulados ao tronco, não importando a raça, formolizados e mantidos em conservação com solução de formol a 10%. Utilizamos como critérios de exclusão cadáveres com um dos membros desarticulado ou alterações deformantes em topografia das estruturas estudadas. RESULTADOS: A veia braquial comum esteve presente em 73% (22/30 dos cadáveres estudados, sendo que em 18% (04/22 dos casos drenou para a veia basílica no seguimento proximal do braço e em 82% (18/22, para a veia axilar. CONCLUSÃO: A veia braquial comum está frequentemente presente e, na maior parte das vezes, desemboca na veia axilar.BACKGROUND: Trauma and thrombosis that can result in changes in the venous drainage of the upper limb, depending on the vascular territory interrupted, may have as a compensatory mechanism a collateral drainage channel that prevents damage to the venous return of that limb. The common brachial vein is a plausible and little known collateral channel for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomy of the common brachial vein as a collateral drainage channel of the upper limb. METHODS: We have dissected 30 cadavers of people of different races, whose upper limbs were articulated to the trunk and preserved in a 10% formaldehyde solution. The exclusion criteria were disarticulated limbs or deformities in the topography of the studied structures. RESULTS: The common brachial vein was present in 73

  9. PROCESSOS FLUVIAIS E MORFOLOGIA EM CONFLUÊNCIAS DE CANAIS: UMA REVISÃO

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    Vanessa Cristina Dos Santos

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available As confluências de canais constituem ambientes com alterações contínuas na estrutura de fluxo e no transporte de sedimentos. São locais na rede de drenagem em que se operam complexas interações entre matéria e energia, proporcionadas pela combinação de fluxos de padrões diferentes. Esta dinâmica peculiar pode influenciar desde aspectos ecológicos até questões de planejamento espacial e de ocupação do espaço. Nas últimas décadas, o interesse científico sobre os processos geomorfológicos ocorridos em confluências de canais tem aumentado. Este interesse deriva da crescente consciência de que os processos fluviais e a morfologia das confluências resumem as características da bacia hidrográfica a montante, ao mesmo tempo em que desempenham importante papel na regulação da circulação da água e sedimentos na rede de drenagem a jusante. Diversos estudos sobre os processos fluviais e morfologia em confluências de canais envolvem experiências laboratoriais, investigação de campo e simulações. Frequentemente estes estudos são uma combinação de diversas disciplinas como geomorfologia, ecologia, engenharia, hidrologia e sedimentologia, evidenciando o caráter multidisciplinar da análise desses ambientes complexos. No Brasil, os estudos sobre os processos geomorfológicos em confluências de canais são poucos, e em sua maioria desenvolvidas em rios de grande porte. Este artigo traz uma revisão e discussão sobre o estado atual do conhecimento sobre confluências de canais.

  10. A INFLUÊNCIA DE UMA ESTRUTURA DE IMPACTO NA MORFODINÂMICA DA BORDA MERIDIONAL DO PLANALTO PAULISTANO: O CASO DA CRATERA DE COLÔNIA, EM SÃO PAULO-SP

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    Andre Henrique Bezerra dos Santos

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a influência de uma estrutura de impacto pliocênica a oligocênica na morfodinâmica da borda meridional do Planalto Paulistano, em São Paulo (SP, onde se localiza a cratera de Colônia. Com 3,6 km de diâmetro e forte circularidade, a morfologia da cratera é singular na região, na qual predominam morros de topos convexos, esculpidos sobre o embasamento cristalino e sob climas predominantemente úmidos no Quaternário. Elabora-se uma caracterização de elementos sugestivos de condicionamento geológico do relevo e da drenagem, por meio de fotointerpretação, trabalhos de campo e análises morfométricas de Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDEs. Conclui-se que as deformações produzidas pelo impacto às rochas da região se estendem para além das bordas da cratera, refletindo no estabelecimento de uma rede de drenagem de padrão anelar em seu entorno, sobre as estruturas derivadas do impacto superpostas às estruturas regionais de direção predominante ENE. Além disso, a proeminente assimetria altimétrica de sua crista, mais elevada a SW que a NE, é interpretada como resultado da maior degradação do relevo a NE, conforme apontado a partir de dados geofísicos de seu embasamento.

  11. Fluvial geomorphology and river engineering: future roles utilizing a fluvial hydrosystems framework

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gilvear, David J.

    1999-12-01

    River engineering is coming under increasing public scrutiny given failures to prevent flood hazards and economic and environmental concerns. This paper reviews the contribution that fluvial geomorphology can make in the future to river engineering. In particular, it highlights the need for fluvial geomorphology to be an integral part in engineering projects, that is, to be integral to the planning, implementation, and post-project appraisal stages of engineering projects. It should be proactive rather than reactive. Areas in which geomorphologists will increasingly be able to complement engineers in river management include risk and environmental impact assessment, floodplain planning, river audits, determination of instream flow needs, river restoration, and design of ecologically acceptable channels and structures. There are four key contributions that fluvial geomorphology can make to the engineering profession with regard to river and floodplain management: to promote recognition of lateral, vertical, and downstream connectivity in the fluvial system and the inter-relationships between river planform, profile, and cross-section; to stress the importance of understanding fluvial history and chronology over a range of time scales, and recognizing the significance of both palaeo and active landforms and deposits as indicators of levels of landscape stability; to highlight the sensitivity of geomorphic systems to environmental disturbances and change, especially when close to geomorphic thresholds, and the dynamics of the natural systems; and to demonstrate the importance of landforms and processes in controlling and defining fluvial biotopes and to thus promote ecologically acceptable engineering. Challenges facing fluvial geomorphology include: gaining full acceptance by the engineering profession; widespread utilization of new technologies including GPS, GIS, image analysis of satellite and airborne remote sensing data, computer-based hydraulic modeling and

  12. A rede de drenagem no contexto da teoria geomorfológica

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    Antonio Carlos VITTE

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo discute o papel das bacias de drenagem na teoria geomorfológica; sobre o papel do nível de base, perfil de equilíbrio, capturas fluviais e erosão regressiva, na teoria davisiana e na teoria geral de sistemas. Neste contexto, insere-se a problemática dos relevos estruturais como o Jurássico e o Apalachiano na teoria davisiana, enquanto que na teoria geral dos sistemas a problemática está condicionada à evolução do perfil das encostas.

  13. Fluvial Apophenia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coulthard, Tom; Armitage, John

    2017-04-01

    Apophenia describes the experience of seeing meaningful patterns or connections in random or meaningless data. Francis Bacon was one of the first to identify its role as a "human understanding is of its own nature prone to suppose the existence of more order and regularity in the world than it finds". Examples include pareidolia (seeing shapes in random patterns), gamblers fallacy (feeling past events alter probability), confirmation bias (bias to supporting a hypothesis rather than disproving), and he clustering illusion (an inability to recognise actual random data, instead believing there are patterns). Increasingly, researchers use records of past floods stored in sedimentary archives to make inferences about past environments, and to describe how climate and flooding may have changed. However, it is a seductive conclusion, to infer that drivers of landscape change can lead to changes in fluvial behaviour. Using past studies and computer simulations of river morphodynamics we explore how meaningful the link between drivers and fluvial changes is. Simple linear numerical models would suggest a direct relation between cause and effect, despite the potential for thresholds, phase changes, time-lags and damping. However, a comparatively small increase in model complexity (e.g. the Stream Power law) introducing non-linear behaviour and Increasing the complexity further can lead to the generation of time-dependent outputs despite constant forcing. We will use this range of findings to explore how apophenia may manifest itself in studies of fluvial systems, what this can mean and how we can try to account for it. Whilst discussed in the context of fluvial systems the concepts and inferences from this presentation are highly relevant to many other studies/disciplines.

  14. MUDANÇAS PALEO-HIDROLÓGICAS NA PLANÍCIE DO RIO PARAGUAI, QUATERNÁRIO DO PANTANAL

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    Hudson de Azevedo Macedo

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available O Paraguai é o rio-tronco do trato de sistemas deposicionais do Pantanal. Com base em dados de sensores remotos e verificação de campo, foi realizado mapeamento geomorfológico da planície do rio Paraguai no trecho entre as confluências dos rios Cuiabá e Miranda, onde foram reconhecidas formas deposicionais atuais e antigas. A análise das associações de formas permitiu estabelecer proposta de evolução geomorfológica para a área, mas os eventos carecem ainda de datação precisa por métodos geocronológicos. Uma rede de drenagem abandonada multicanais está parcialmente preservada na planície, sendo composta por formas de canais com diques marginais que evidenciam período de menor descarga fluvial, provavelmente do Pleistoceno tardio ao Holoceno inferior. Um sistema constituído por paleocinturões de meandros trunca a paleorrede de drenagem multicanais, registrando aumento na umidade e na descarga fluvial. Sob essas condições o rio Paraguai construiu um sistema composto por cinturões de meandros com direção aproximada norte-sul no Holoceno inferior/médio. Agradação dos cinturões favoreceu importante evento de avulsão, com a mudança do curso do rio Paraguai para o cinturão de meandros atual no Holoceno superior. As gerações de formas identificadas e mapeadas resultaram num padrão de sobreposição de diferentes estilos fluviais, que registram significativas mudanças hidrológicas na planície desde o Pleistoceno tardio.

  15. Leito de drenagem: sistema natural para redução de volume de lodo de estação de tratamento de água Draining beds: natural system for sludge volume reduction in the water treatment plant

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    Cali Laguna Achon

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available As Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETAs tem funcionamento semelhante a uma indústria e podem em diversas etapas gerar resíduos que, na maioria das ETAs, são lançados nos corpos d’água sem tratamento. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o desempenho de Leitos de Drenagem, para o desaguamento de lodo, provenientes de ETAs de ciclo completo que empregam sulfato de alumínio e cloreto de polialumínio (PACl, como coagulantes. Analisou-se as características, a drenagem e secagem dos amostras de lodo e característica do drenado. Os Leitos de Drenagem mostraram-se eficientes para desaguamento e redução de volume de lodo de ETA, de forma natural, sem consumo de energia ou adição de produtos químicos. Obteve-se, aos sete dias, reduções da ordem de 87 % em volume para os lodos de PACl e 83 % para o lodo de Sulfato de Alumínio e teor de sólidos totais 28% e 31% respectivamente.In this work the performance of Draining Beds for sludge dewatering was assessed. The sludge was provided from full cycle Water Treatment Plants (WTPs that employ aluminum sulfate and polyaluminium chloride (PACl as coagulants. The characteristics, drainage and drying of samples of sludge and characteristic of drained were analysed. The Draining Beds were shown to be efficient for dewatering and sludge volume reduction in the WTP, in a natural way, without energy consumption or adding of chemical products. On the seventh day, it was possible to obtain reduction around 87% in volume for PACl sludge and 83% for the aluminum sulfate sludge and total solids content of 28 and 31% respectively.

  16. Fluvial systems and their sedimentary models

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    Dragomir Skabeme

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available The Slovenian géomorphologie and sedimentologie terminology for fluvial depositional environments is not established yet. Therefore a classification and the proposal for Slovenian names of fluvial sedimentary and erosional forms and influences controlling them are discussed. Attention is given to the problems of recognition of sedimentary environments in sedimentary rocks, and to fluvial sedimentary models.

  17. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GEOMORPHIC FACTS AND FOLDING GROUNDWORK THE EVOLUTION OF A DRAINAGE NETWORK ON THE ATLANTIC MARGIN OF THE BRAZILIAN PLATEAU: THE CASE OF THE WATERSHED OF THE RIVER BENEVENTE – ES

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    Roberto José Vervloet

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available As questões geomorfológicas tratadas neste artigo se referem à parte conclusiva da pesquisa de mestrado intitulada “Condicionantes morfológicos e estruturais na dinâmica fluvial da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Benevenete – Espírito Santo” que teve como principal objetivo investigar os fatores litoestruturais, tectônicos e morfológicos que condicionam a evolução da rede de drenagem da bacia do Rio Benevente, localizada no sul do Espírito Santo. No referido artigo é apresentado como os dobramentos de fundo, estudados por Ruellan (1952, estabelecem os níveis de base local e regional de erosão, e ao mesmo tempo condiciona a evolução da rede de drenagem, responsável pela dinâmica e gênese de sub-compartimentos de relevo que estão intimamente associados à relação litoestrutura – tectônica – relevo – evolução de canais fluviais. Este artigo é uma homenagem ao pioneirismo de Ruellan, no que diz respeito a descoberta da participação dos dobramentos de fundo na interpretação de compartimentos de relevo gerados a partir da dissecação hidrográfica.

  18. EXTRAÇÃO DE SOLO EXPOSTO E INFERÊNCIA DO TIPO DE SOLO A PARTIR DO ESTUDO DA DRENAGEM USANDO-SE TÉCNICAS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO E GEOPROCESSAMENTO

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    Jedman Dantas Motta

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este trabalho procura obter uma região de solo exposto a partir da observação do atributo cor e inferir sobre determinado tipo de solo a partir de um mapa de drenagem obtido através de imagens temáticas TM-Landsat (banda 5 e composições coloridas 7R/2G/1B, 7R/5G/2B e 5R/4G/3B georefenciadas. A região considerada localiza-se próximo à cidade de Campina Grande, Estado da Paraíba, onde existem poucos trabalhos utilizando produtos Landsat, e quase nenhum trabalho cartográfico, devido à grande concentração de nuvens durante todo o ano, o que dificulta a obtenção dos dados por meio aéreo ou espacial.

  19. Avaliação de estratégias de reabilitação de sistemas de drenagem urbana utilizando a metodologia CARE-S. Aplicação a um caso de estudo

    OpenAIRE

    Camacho, P. C.; Cardoso, M. A.

    2008-01-01

    O presente trabalho tem como objectivo estudar e avaliar diferentes estratégias de reabilitação de sistemas de drenagem urbana, utilizando o programa Computer Aided Rehabilitation of Sewer Networks (CARE-S), como metodologia de avaliação integrada da implementação dessas estratégias. Nesta comunicação, faz-se um resumo dos métodos de reabilitação em sistemas de drenagem urbana, a descrição da metodologia de avaliação de estratégias de reabilitação de sistemas de drenagem urb...

  20. Fibra de sisal como envoltório na drenagem agrícola

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    Viviane F. Silva

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado objetivando analisar o desempenho do sistema de drenagem com fibra de sisal envolto orgânico como material alternativo.  A pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório de Engenharia de Irrigação e Drenagem da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Usando-se um sistema experimental composto de nove tanques construídos de alvenaria e impermeabilizados internamente. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em um arranjo fatorial com três tipos de tubos, Drenoflex, Kananet e tubo de PVC liso próprio para Esgoto envolto com fibra de sisal num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Foram avaliados a carga hidráulica de entrada (he, fluxo(q e resistência de entrada(re e analisados  estatisticamente, utilizando-se o software ASSISTAT . A comparação dos tubos Drenoflex, PVC liso e Kananet envolto com fibra de sisal, as médias da carga hidráulica na entrada para os tubos variando os valores de 0,40486 a 0,35543, sendo significativo para o tubo Kananet, devido possuir furos maiores facilitando assim a passagem da água pelo tubo. E em relação à resistência de entrada na interação entre os tubos drenantes e a fibra de sisal diferiu estatisticamente com o tubo PVC liso. O desempenho do sistema drenante com envolto de fibra de sisal é considerado muito bom.

  1. The Gediz River fluvial archive

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maddy, D.; Veldkamp, A.; Demir, T.; Gorp, van W.; Wijbrans, J.R.; Hinsbergen, van D.J.J.; Dekkers, M.J.; Schreve, D.; Schoorl, J.M.; Scaife, R.

    2017-01-01

    The Gediz River, one of the principal rivers of Western Anatolia, has an extensive Pleistocene fluvial archive that potentially offers a unique window into fluvial system behaviour on the western margins of Asia during the Quaternary. In this paper we review our work on the Quaternary Gediz River

  2. Erodibilidade e tensão crítica de cisalhamento no canal de drenagem de estrada rural não pavimentada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana G. Enriquez

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available A erosão em estradas não pavimentadas associada ao escoamento superficial gera grande impacto ambiental, sendo a principal causa de inundação, contaminação da água e alteração da fauna aquatica, entre outros, tornando-se necessário desenvolver estratégias de prevenção e controle. Para isto, a obtenção de valores confiáveis dos índices de resistência do solo ao processo erosivo é premente; sentido em que este trabalho teve, como objetivo, determinar os índices de erodibilidade e a tensão crítica de cisalhamento em canal de drenagem construído em uma estrada não pavimentada implantada em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. O estudo foi realizado em uma estrada não pavimentada do município de Viçosa, MG, que apresentava problemas de erosao utilizando-se um simulador de escoamento para determinação direta no campo. Os dados de erodibilidade e tensão crítica de cisalhamento foram obtidos com base na técnica de identidade de modelos. O valor de erodibilidade determinado foi de 0,0044 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1, ao qual foi associado um intervalo de confiança com 95% de probabilidade de 0,0035 a 0,0053 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1. A tensão crítica de cisalhamento obtida foi de 7,61 Pa.

  3. Intervenção educativa para o automonitoramento da drenagem contínua no pós-operatório de mastectomia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcella Tardeli Esteves

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção educativa desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de pacientes submetidas à cirurgia por câncer de mama, no automonitoramento do sistema de drenagem contínua. Foi realizado no Ambulatório de Mastologia do Hospital São Paulo da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, entre maio de 2009 e março de 2010, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa dessa instituição. Participaram 79 mulheres que realizaram cirurgia por câncer de mama e portadoras do dreno. A intervenção constou de: aula e simulação do manejo do sistema de drenagem contínua, avaliação do desempenho e reforço das orientações. Constatou-se que o treinamento com foco no autocuidado exercido pelas pacientes, bem como a estratégia utilizada influenciaram favoravelmente o automonitoramento do sistema de drenagem contínua, propiciando a prevenção de obstrução do mesmo, evidenciada pelo percentual de pacientes que mantiveram a perviedade do sistema (84,2%.

  4. Resíduos sólidos em um sistema de drenagem urbana no município de Santa Maria (RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delmira Beatriz Wolff

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Com o crescimento da população e o consequente aumento da urbanização, o lançamento de resíduos sólidos nos sistemas de drenagem urbana tem aumentado nos últimos anos, principalmente nas regiões periféricas das cidades. Este estudo teve como objetivo qualificar e quantificar os resíduos sólidos no arroio Cancela-Tamandai, localizado em área urbana, no município de Santa Maria (RS. Foram coletados ao todo 1.153,2 kg de resíduos sólidos com uma precipitação pluviométrica total para o período de novembro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013 de 518,94 mm, sendo, desses, 93,9% composto por matéria orgânica, sendo a maioria vegetação. O arroio Cancela-Tamandai apresentou uma carga de resíduos sólidos igual a 17,27 ou 0,424 kg.hab-1.ano-1. A curva de previsão de resíduos sólidos orgânicos drenados em função da precipitação pluviométrica apresentou correlação de 76,4%, um parâmetro importante para a tomada de decisão dos gestores municipais em relação aos resíduos sólidos gerados. Assim, conceber estratégias para o monitoramento desses resíduos representa passo importante na busca de soluções que visem um melhor gerenciamento de bacias hidrográficas urbanas.

  5. Medidas não-estruturais na prevenção de enchentes em bacias urbanas: cenários para a bacia do Gregório, São Carlos - SP

    OpenAIRE

    Elisânia Magalhães Alves

    2005-01-01

    O presente estudo aborda a questão da drenagem urbana, enfocando a interdependência entre planejamento do uso do solo e do sistema de drenagem para o controle das enchentes. Considera que o sistema de drenagem, no planejamento de uma bacia urbana sustentável, deve ser previsto na fase inicial do planejamento urbano e integrado aos demais planos de desenvolvimento, para que atue de maneira preventiva, o que depende de conhecimento prévio do funcionamento do sistema urbano e da capacidade de pr...

  6. ANÁLISE DE PADRÕES E DE ANOMALIAS DE DRENAGEM DA PORÇÃO MÉDIA DA BACIA DO RIO TIBAGI (PR

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    Idjarrury Gomes Firmino

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available A porção média da bacia do rio Tibagi está localizada entre os municípios de Tibagi (PR e Telêmaco Borba (PR. A região compreende a borda planáltica da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná e é o local por onde se projeta parte do eixo do Arco de Ponta Grossa. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é a análise dos tipos de padrões e a identificação de anomalias de drenagem e de seus significados. A análise da rede de drenagem desta área permitiu identificar um predomínio de 68% do padrão treliça e subtipos, o que sugere que os rios possuem um forte controle estrutural por parte das falhas da Zona de Falha Curitiba-Maringá, alinhadas no sentido NW-SE e um sistema secundário de falhas e juntas no sentido NE-SW. A baixa sinuosidade para rios de primeira e segunda ordem, a angularidade média da rede de canais (maioria 90º, o predomínio de lineações e a tropia bidirecional também são fortes indicativos deste tipo de controle. A densidade de drenagem maior para as vertentes dos canais principais sugere um aprofundamento das vertentes em um processo de ascensão. As anomalias de drenagem identificadas (inflexões, alinhamentos, curvas fluviais comprimidas, planícies e terraços assimétricos estão relacionadas ao cruzamento de segmentos retilíneos e aos diques de diabásio. A análise da rede e de suas propriedades também permitiu setorizar áreas com controles distintos, como no reverso da escarpa, onde predomina o controle da atitude das camadas da Formação Furnas e da reentrância do Arco de Ponta Grossa.

  7. UMA PROPOSTA PARA AUTOMATIZAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE DISSECAÇÃO DO RELEVO

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    Felipe Silva Guimarães

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available O índice de dissecação do relevo é uma análise morfométrica que considera o grau de entalhamento do vale e dimensão interfluvial média. Ross (1992 e 1994 formalizou este índice o qual possui diversas aplicações, como segmentação do relevo, fornecer bases para o mapeamento geomorfológico, estudar a relação morfogênese - pedogênese e vulnerabilidade ambiental. O cálculo e mapeamento do índice de dissecação de forma analógica é extremamente dispendioso além de estar sujeito a erros humanos e a diferenças de interpretação. Atualmente não existe um método para realizar de forma totalmente automatizada o cálculo do índice de dissecação e que considere ambas as variáveis propostas por Ross (grau de entalhamento dos vales e dimensão interfluvial média. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma rotina de automatização do cálculo do índice de dissecação para cada pixel a partir de um modelo digital de elevação. O método é dividido em quatro etapas principais, sendo elas o tratamento do modelo digital de elevação, o mapeamento do grau de entalhamento dos vales, o mapeamento da dimensão interfluvial média para cada bacia e a integração destes dois últimos produtos. De acordo com a proposta de Ross (1994, ao final do mapeamento deve-se classificar os valores de dissecação em função de uma escala que varia de muito fraca a muito forte. Ao comparar o mapa resultante da proposta de classificação de Ross a um modelo tridimensional, ao mapa de declividade da área e da rede de drenagem notou-se alguns problemas, como a classe de dissecação muito forte ocorrer em regiões planas e com grau de entalhamento da drenagem extremamente baixo. Então foram sugeridas e testadas mais três propostas de classificação dos valores de dissecação.

  8. Fluvial geomorphology on Earth-like planetary surfaces: A review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baker, Victor R; Hamilton, Christopher W; Burr, Devon M; Gulick, Virginia C; Komatsu, Goro; Luo, Wei; Rice, James W; Rodriguez, J A P

    2015-09-15

    Morphological evidence for ancient channelized flows (fluvial and fluvial-like landforms) exists on the surfaces of all of the inner planets and on some of the satellites of the Solar System. In some cases, the relevant fluid flows are related to a planetary evolution that involves the global cycling of a volatile component (water for Earth and Mars; methane for Saturn's moon Titan). In other cases, as on Mercury, Venus, Earth's moon, and Jupiter's moon Io, the flows were of highly fluid lava. The discovery, in 1972, of what are now known to be fluvial channels and valleys on Mars sparked a major controversy over the role of water in shaping the surface of that planet. The recognition of the fluvial character of these features has opened unresolved fundamental questions about the geological history of water on Mars, including the presence of an ancient ocean and the operation of a hydrological cycle during the earliest phases of planetary history. Other fundamental questions posed by fluvial and fluvial-like features on planetary bodies include the possible erosive action of large-scale outpourings of very fluid lavas, such as those that may have produced the remarkable canali forms on Venus; the ability of exotic fluids, such as methane, to create fluvial-like landforms, as observed on Saturn's moon, Titan; and the nature of sedimentation and erosion under different conditions of planetary surface gravity. Planetary fluvial geomorphology also illustrates fundamental epistemological and methodological issues, including the role of analogy in geomorphological/geological inquiry.

  9. Titan's fluvial valleys: Morphology, distribution, and spectral properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Langhans, M.H.; Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.; Brown, R.H.; Buratti, B.J.; Clark, R.N.; Baines, K.H.; Nicholson, P.D.; Lorenz, R.D.; Soderblom, L.A.; Soderblom, J.M.; Sotin, Christophe; Barnes, J.W.; Nelson, R.

    2012-01-01

    Titan's fluvial channels have been investigated based on data obtained by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument and the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft. In this paper, a database of fluvial features is created based on radar-SAR data aiming to unveil the distribution and the morphologic and spectral characteristics of valleys on Titan on a global scale. It will also study the spatial relations between fluvial valleys and Titan's geologic units and spectral surface units which have become accessible thanks to Cassini-VIMS data. Several distinct morphologic types of fluvial valleys can be discerned by SAR-images. Dendritic valley networks appear to have much in common with terrestrial dendritic systems owing to a hierarchical and tree-shaped arrangement of the tributaries which is indicative of an origin from precipitation. Dry valleys constitute another class of valleys resembling terrestrial wadis, an indication of episodic and strong flow events. Other valley types, such as putative canyons, cannot be correlated with rainfall based on their morphology alone, since it cannot be ruled out that they may have originated from volcanic/tectonic action or groundwater sapping. Highly developed and complex fluvial networks with channel lengths of up to 1200 km and widths of up to 10 km are concentrated only at a few locations whereas single valleys are scattered over all latitudes. Fluvial valleys are frequently found in mountainous areas. Some terrains, such as equatorial dune fields and undifferentiated plains at mid-latitudes, are almost entirely free of valleys. Spectrally, fluvial terrains are often characterized by a high reflectance in each of Titan's atmospheric windows, as most of them are located on Titan's bright 'continents'. Nevertheless, valleys are spatially associated with a surface unit appearing blue due to its higher reflection at 1.3??m in a VIMS false color RGB composite with R: 1.59/1.27??m, G: 2

  10. Vision for a worldwide fluvial-sediment information network

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gray, J.R.; Osterkamp, W.R.

    2007-01-01

    The nations of the world suffer both from the deleterious effects of some natural and human-altered fluxes of fluvial sediment and a lack of consistent and reliable information on the temporal and spatial occurrence of fluvial sediments. Decades ago, this difficulty was unavoidable due to a lack of understanding of the magnitude and scope of environmental influences exerted by fluvial sediment coupled with a dearth of tools for monitoring and studying the data. Such is no longer the case.

  11. DRENAGEM, COMUNIDADE E SAÚDE: A MÁ UTILIZAÇÃO DA LAGOA DOS POTIGUARES EM MORRO BRANCO – NATAL/RN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Deickson Lennon Galvão de Souza

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo visa investigar as condições sócio-ambientais provenientes da má utilização da Lagoa dos Potiguares, localizada na comunidade de Morro Branco, em Natal/RN. Sabe-se que a lagoa de captação de águas pluviais constitui um sistema de microdrenagem unitário, isto é, destina-se apenas ao escoamento superficial das águas. Entretanto, devido a falta de condições básicas de saneamento, a população deposita de forma clandestina os resíduos de utilização doméstica, gerando problemas de saúde pública. Nesse artigo, focalizou-se a análise e discussão das transformações do espaço urbano e de suas paisagens decorrentes da degradação do sistema urbano de drenagem e do crescente processo de urbanização PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Drenagem Urbana, Lagoa de Captação, Lagoa dos Potiguares, Espaço, Paisagem.

  12. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts Drenagem transmural de pseudocistos de pâncreas guiada por ecoendoscopia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Vivian Lopes

    2008-03-01

    : Avaliar a eficácia da drenagem endoscópica transmural de pseudocistos de pâncreas guiada por ecoendoscopia. MÉTODOS: De janeiro de 2003 a agosto de 2006, 31 pacientes sintomáticos submetidos a 37 procedimentos no mesmo centro de referência foram analisados retrospectivamente. Pancreatite crônica e aguda foram detectadas em, respectivamente, 17 (54,8% e 10 (32,3% pacientes. Abaulamento da parede esteve presente em 14 (37,8% casos. Cistogastrostomias ou cistoduodenostomias foram criadas com um ecoendoscópio linear sob controle endosonográfico e fluoroscópico. Como rotina, apenas uma única prótese plástica foi empregada, sem dreno nasocístico. Próteses retas ou " double pigtail" foram empregadas em, respectivamente, 22 (59,5% e 15 (40,5% procedimentos. RESULTADOS: A drenagem endoscópica foi adequada em 29 (93,5% pacientes. Dois casos necessitaram intervenção cirúrgica por complicações do procedimento. Não houve mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento. Vinte e quatro pacientes contaram com seguimento superior a 4 semanas. Durante seguimento médio de 12,6 meses, ocorreram seis (25% recurrências sintomáticas por obstrução ou migração da prótese, com infecção secundária em dois casos, todos manejados com novas próteses. O tempo mediano para ocorrência de complicações foi de 3 semanas. Complicações tardias foram mais freqüentes em pacientes tratados com próteses retas e naqueles com história recente de pancreatite aguda. CONCLUSÔES: A drenagem endoscópica transmural constitui abordagem efetiva para o manejo dos pseudocistos de pâncreas.

  13. Bronquiectasia e fisioterapia desobstrutiva: ênfase em drenagem postural e percussão Bronchiectasis and clearence physiotherapy: emphasis in postural drainage and percussion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neuseli Marino Lamari

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Bronquiectasia consiste em dilatação anormal, permanente e irreversível de brônquios e bronquíolos, com infecções recorrentes, inflamações, hipersecreção e redução da limpeza mucociliar. Acomete predominantemente o sexo feminino, entre 28 e 48 anos de idade e afeta com maior freqüência os lobos inferiores bilateralmente. Manifestações clínicas da doença são a tosse crônica, febre e expectoração volumosa, purulenta, com odor fétido. Etiologia é inespecífica e representada pelo estádio final de diversos processos patológicos. Pode ser classificada em cilíndrica, varicosa e sacular, e ainda, em localizada e multissegmentar. Drenagem postural e percussão são técnicas desobstrutivas usuais na prática clínica diária, no entanto, há escassez de estudos comparativos enfatizando-as com amostras populacionais e recursos metodológicos. Tomando por base as considerações, teve-se como objetivo verificar a eficácia da drenagem postural e da percussão na higiene brônquica de pacientes bronquiectásicos, bem como seus efeitos e associação com outras técnicas apontadas pela literatura atual. Os principais achados comprovaram que a drenagem postural e a percussão são efetivas na mobilização da secreção pulmonar, uma vez que aumentam a velocidade do muco transportado, melhoram a função pulmonar e as trocas gasosas. A efetividade requer ajuda de um profissional, o que pode dificultar a prática clínica diária. Por esta razão, fisioterapeutas têm selecionado técnicas que propiciem independência ao paciente.Bronchiectasis consists of abnormal, permanent and irreversible dilation of bronchi and bronchia, with recurrent infections, inflammation, hypersecretion and reduction of mucus clearance. It predominantly affects women of between 28 and 48 years old and more frequently affects the inferior lobes. Clinical manifestations are chronic cough, fever and voluminous expectoration, with a fetid odor. The etiology

  14. Quantificação de resíduos sólidos na drenagem urbana

    OpenAIRE

    Marllus Gustavo Ferreira Passos das Neves

    2006-01-01

    O objetivo deste trabalho é quantificar os resíduos sólidos que atingem a rede de drenagem de águas pluviais, isto é, plásticos, vidros, papéis e outros que podem ter destinação mais adequada do que a mais comum nos países em desenvolvimento: cursos d’água, ruas e outros locais inadequados. A quantificação do lixo foi realizada a partir da pesagem do material que atingiu o poço da casa de bombas de número 12, situada o parque Marinha do Brasil em Porto Alegre. Logo a montante desta casa de bo...

  15. A fluvial mercury budget for Lake Ontario.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Denkenberger, Joseph S; Driscoll, Charles T; Mason, Edward; Branfireun, Brian; Warnock, Ashley

    2014-06-03

    Watershed mercury (Hg) flux was calculated for ten inflowing rivers and the outlet for Lake Ontario using empirical measurements from two independent field-sampling programs. Total Hg (THg) flux for nine study watersheds that directly drain into the lake ranged from 0.2 kg/yr to 13 kg/yr, with the dominant fluvial THg load from the Niagara River at 154 kg/yr. THg loss at the outlet (St. Lawrence River) was 68 kg/yr and has declined approximately 40% over the past decade. Fluvial Hg inputs largely (62%) occur in the dissolved fraction and are similar to estimates of atmospheric Hg inputs. Fluvial mass balances suggest strong in-lake retention of particulate Hg inputs (99%), compared to dissolved total Hg (45%) and methyl Hg (22%) fractions. Wetland land cover is a good predictor of methyl Hg yield for Lake Ontario watersheds. Sediment deposition studies, coupled atmospheric and fluvial Hg fluxes, and a comparison of this work with previous measurements indicate that Lake Ontario is a net sink of Hg inputs and not at steady state likely because of recent decreases in point source inputs and atmospheric Hg deposition.

  16. A geometria fractal da rede de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica do Caeté, Alfredo Wagner-SC Fractal geometry of the drainage network of the Caeté river watershed, Alfredo Wagner-SC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Redin Vestena

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar e avaliar a dimensão fractal da rede de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica do Caeté, em Alfredo Wagner, SC, a partir de diferentes métodos, com o propósito de caracterizar as formas geomorfológicas irregulares. A rede de drenagem apresenta propriedades multifractais. As dimensões fractais para os segmentos individuais (df e para a rede de drenagem inteira (Df foram determinadas por métodos que se fundamentaram nas razões de Horton e pelo método da contagem de caixas (Box-Counting. A rede de drenagem tem característica de autoafinidade. A dimensão fractal proveniente da relação de parâmetros obtidos pelas Leis de Horton apresentou resultados dentro dos limiares da teoria da geometria fractal.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the fractal dimensions of the drainage network of the Caeté river watershed, Alfredo Wagner/SC, with different methods in order to characterize the irregular geomorphologic forms. The drainage network possesses multi-fractal properties. That is why the fractal dimensions for the individual segments (df and for the entire network (Df were evaluated with Horton's Laws and the Box-Counting method. The drainage network has self-affinity characteristics. The fractal dimension obtained through the parameters relationship of Horton's Laws showed the results within the thresholds of the fractal geometry theory.

  17. ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA LITOLÓGICA E ESTRUTURAL A PARTIR DE MÉTODOS MORFOMÉTRICOS EM SEGMENTOS DE DRENAGEM NA PORÇÃO CIMEIRA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JEQUITINHONHA, MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrício Antonio Lopes

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available O estudo do padrão de drenagem da porção cimeira da bacia hidrográfica do Jequitinhonha foi realizado neste trabalho tendo como objetivos: a Correlacionar as direções dos canais fluviais e respectivas ordens hierárquicas às estruturas geológicas regionais; b Verificar o grau de influência dos aspectos litológicos e estruturais no padrão de drenagem da bacia e; c Identificar estruturas que atuam como níveis de base locais em perfis longitudinais. Foram empregadas análises quantitativas de tratamento de direção dos canais fluviais e ordens hierárquicas, cálculo do índice de RDE em segmentos pré-selecionados e análise de perfis longitudinais. Constatou-se significativa influência litológica e estrutural no padrão/direção dos canais fluviais identificadas como nick points nos perfis longitudinais. Há segmentos de drenagem com anomalias de primeira e segunda ordem quanto ao índice RDE, o que reforça a influência das estruturas pré-cambrianas, reativadas no Cenozoico, no sistema hidrográfico da região. Acredita-se na potencialidade deste estudo como auxilio na caracterização, quantificação e fundamentação teórica de análises referentes ao processo evolutivo da paisagem e ao comportamento da rede de drenagem local.

  18. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA REDE DE DRENAGEM E DO SISTEMA LACUSTRE DA BACIA DO RIO GRANDE: OESTE DA BAHIA - REGIÃO DO MÉDIO SÃO FRANCISCO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gisele Barbosa dos Santos

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available O sistema lacustre da bacia do rio Grande situa-se em um local que reúne particularidades do ponto de vista geológico e geomorfológico, no noroeste do Cráton do São Francisco. A partir da investigação de elementos morfoestruturais, pretendeu-se apresentar um panorama da geomorfologia deste sistema. Mediante o uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, procurou-se estabelecer a influência da litologia e da tectônica na dinâmica atual da rede de drenagem e do sistema lacustre. Os resultados revelaram a presença de feições como anomalias de drenagem, assimetria de bacias, confinamento de planícies aluviais, diferenças bruscas de densidade de drenagem e distinção na distribuição de lagoas quanto à forma e dimensão. A área do sistema lacustre foi compartimentada em dois domínios: Domínio I com morfoestruturas NW-SE e Domínio II com predomínio de morfoestruturas NE-SW e, subordinadamente E-W, concordantes com orientações dos falhamentos regionais, o que mostra que a reativação de antigas falhas e o contexto litológico são importantes fatores para a origem e desenvolvimento deste sistema lacustre.

  19. Fatores preditivos para drenagem de derrames pleurais parapneumônicos em crianças Predictive factors for pleural drainage in children with parapneumonic pleural effusion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HELENA TERESINHA MOCELIN

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar os critérios de Light et al. para drenagem em derrames pleurais parapneumônicos (DPP em crianças. Métodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo realizado com 85 crianças admitidas no Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, Porto Alegre, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, região Sul do Brasil, que apresentaram pneumonia e derrame pleural confirmado por radiografia de tórax e/ou ultra-sonografia. Os critérios de exclusão foram: drenagem prévia, derrame associado com outras doenças. A análise do pH foi em aparelho de gasometria. Glicose e desidrogenase láctica foram analisadas por espectrofotometria. A indicação de drenagem foi feita pelo médico assistente sem participação dos pesquisadores. Resultados: Neste estudo, os DPP com pH menor que 7,2 e glicose igual ou inferior a 40mg/dl apresentaram índices de drenagem superiores aos da DHL > 1.000UI/l. O pH e a glicose apresentaram especificidades elevadas na predição de drenagem (89% e 88% e superiores às da DHL (65%. Os mesmos resultados foram observados quando líquidos não purulentos foram analisados (pH 1.000 -- 68%. Em pacientes com pH 1.000UI/l e glicose Objective: To evaluate Light's criteria for drainage in children with parapneumonic pleural effusion. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study on 85 children who were admitted to Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, presenting pneumonia with pleural effusion confirmed by chest X-ray and/or chest ultrasonography. The exclusion criteria were: previous drainage, pleural effusions associated with other disorders. The pH analysis was performed with a blood gas analyzer. Glucose and LDH were analyzed by spectrophotometry. The decision to perform pleural drainage was made by the attending physician without the participation of the researchers. Results: Pleural fluid in parapneumonic effusion with pH 1,000 UI/l. The pH and glucose had high specificity (89% and 88% and above the

  20. CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOESTRUTURAL DO ALTO CURSO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JAGUARIBE, CEARÁ-BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mickaelle Braga da Silva

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho propõe uma análise morfoestrutural do alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Jaguaribe, Ceará-Brasil, através da relação litologia/drenagem/relevo. A análise baseou-se em levantamentos bibliográficos e cartográficos; na aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento e tabulação e análise dos dados. Dentre os produtos de sensoriamento remoto disponíveis para a área, destacam-se os dados Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-SRTM, com resolução espacial de 30 metros. Este produto com o auxílio de softwares de geoprocessamento permitiu a extração da rede de drenagem e de lineamentos estruturais; a identificação e delimitação das unidades morfoestruturais; a compartimentação morfoestrutural dos lineamentos; a identificação e distribuição dos padrões de drenagem. Aplicou-se o cálculo e a geração dos gráficos de rosetas na espacialização da direção preferencial de frequência da drenagem e dos lineamentos estruturais. Neste contexto, foi possível identificar vários padrões de drenagem controlados por estruturas (padrões treliça e paralelo. Esses dados demostraram uma significativa compatibilidade de direções NE-SW e E-W, que sugerem lineamentos estruturais positivos e negativos representados por sequências de cristas e vales e trechos retilíneos escarpados, confinando canais de drenagem. Desta forma, foi possível estabelecer correlações com a distribuição da densidade de lineamentos e padrões de drenagem, constatando que são nos setores tectonicamente mais deformados que apresentam maior concentração de canais estruturalmente controlados.

  1. ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA LITOLÓGICA E ESTRUTURAL A PARTIR DE MÉTODOS MORFOMÉTRICOS EM SEGMENTOS DE DRENAGEM NA PORÇÃO CIMEIRA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JEQUITINHONHA, MG

    OpenAIRE

    Fabrício Antonio Lopes; Danielle Piuzana Mucida; Valdiney Amaral Leite; Alcione Rodrigues Milagres

    2016-01-01

    O estudo do padrão de drenagem da porção cimeira da bacia hidrográfica do Jequitinhonha foi realizado neste trabalho tendo como objetivos: a) Correlacionar as direções dos canais fluviais e respectivas ordens hierárquicas às estruturas geológicas regionais; b) Verificar o grau de influência dos aspectos litológicos e estruturais no padrão de drenagem da bacia e; c) Identificar estruturas que atuam como níveis de base locais em perfis longitudinais. Foram empregadas análises quantitativas de t...

  2. Utilidade de um escore e de variáveis indicativas de drenagem pleural em crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico Utility of a scoring system and indicative variables for assessing the need for pleural drainage in pediatric patients with parapneumonic pleural effusion

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    Gláucia de Oliveira Moreira

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A decisão pela drenagem do derrame pleural parapneumônico em crianças é controversa. Uma parceria entre pediatras e cirurgiões deu origem a um escore indicativo de drenagem torácica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilidade do escore na indicação de drenagem torácica para tratamento do derrame pleural parapneumônico em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, com 250 pacientes internados com derrame pleural parapneumônico, em hospital de referência terciário (1994 a 1999. As variáveis estudadas foram: condições clínicas, radiogramas torácicos, exames bacteriológicos e bioquímicos do líquido pleural, escore e tratamento. O escore baseava-se em quatro categorias: aspecto macroscópico do fluido pleural, radiograma de tórax, exames laboratoriais e segunda toracocentese. Escore > 5,5 era indicativo de drenagem torácica. RESULTADOS: Derrame pleural parapneumônico ocorreu em 304 das 941 crianças com pneumonia (32,2%. Das 250 incluídas, 146 eram do sexo masculino (58,4%, com média de idade de três anos (mediana de dois. Os valores de corte obtidos na Receiver operating characteristic para sugerir drenagem pleural foram: pH 5,0 (sensibilidade de 68,7%; especificidade de 81,7%; tanto estes valores quanto os relatados na literatura de pH BACKGROUND: The decision to drain parapneumonic pleural effusion in children is still controversial. An indicative scoring system to assess the need for chest-tube drainage arose from a partnership between pediatricians and surgeons. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of the score in indicating whether drainage should be performed in pediatric patients with parapneumonic effusion. METHOD: A cross-sectional study involving 250 inpatients with parapneumonic effusion, treated in a tertiary-care hospital between 1994 and 1999. The following variables were analyzed: clinical presentation, chest X-rays, pleural fluid culture and biochemical analysis of the pleural fluid

  3. Impactos da ocupação urbana na permeabilidade do solo: o caso de uma área de urbanização consolidada em Campina Grande - PB

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    Karla Azevedo Santos

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO A ocupação urbana intensa e não planejada acarreta problemas diretos à população. Um desses problemas é a diminuição do índice de permeabilidade do solo gerada pela pavimentação crescente que sempre acompanha o desenvolvimento urbano de uma região. Em consequência, o sistema de drenagem pode sofrer sobrecargas uma vez que a capacidade de infiltração do solo é alterada e a pavimentação aumenta a velocidade de escoamento e as vazões de pico. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise integrada da dinâmica do uso do solo ao longo de 32 anos e do comportamento do sistema de microdrenagem urbana para o cenário atual de ocupação dos bairros Catolé e Sandra Cavalcante, em Campina Grande (PB. Verifica-se a deficiência do sistema de microdrenagem em não acompanhar o acelerado crescimento da região, acarretando em pontos de alagamento que geram prejuízos e desconfortos à população em períodos de chuva mais concentrada.

  4. Field migration rates of tidal meanders recapitulate fluvial morphodynamics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Finotello, Alvise; Lanzoni, Stefano; Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Marani, Marco; Rinaldo, Andrea; D'Alpaos, Andrea

    2018-02-01

    The majority of tidal channels display marked meandering features. Despite their importance in oil-reservoir formation and tidal landscape morphology, questions remain on whether tidal-meander dynamics could be understood in terms of fluvial processes and theory. Key differences suggest otherwise, like the periodic reversal of landscape-forming tidal flows and the widely accepted empirical notion that tidal meanders are stable landscape features, in stark contrast with their migrating fluvial counterparts. On the contrary, here we show that, once properly normalized, observed migration rates of tidal and fluvial meanders are remarkably similar. Key to normalization is the role of tidal channel width that responds to the strong spatial gradients of landscape-forming flow rates and tidal prisms. We find that migration dynamics of tidal meanders agree with nonlinear theories for river meander evolution. Our results challenge the conventional view of tidal channels as stable landscape features and suggest that meandering tidal channels recapitulate many fluvial counterparts owing to large gradients of tidal prisms across meander wavelengths.

  5. Emprego de coberturas secas no controle da drenagem ácida de mina: estudos em campo Use of dry cover systems to control acid mine drainage: field studies

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    Sérgio Luciano Galatto

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available No sul catarinense, cristais de pirita associados a rejeitos de beneficiamento de carvão mineral, quando alterados, desencadeiam o processo conhecido como drenagem ácida de mina (DAM. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de três sistemas de coberturas secas sobre estes rejeitos, como uma opção para o controle da DAM. Agentes neutralizantes da DAM como a cinza pesada e o calcário foram misturados com os rejeitos ou dispostos acima destes. Para reduzir a infiltração de água e difusão de oxigênio no meio, foi empregada uma camada de 50 cm de solo silte-argiloso compactado. Os experimentos foram monitorados por um ano, sendo analisados nos lixiviados alguns parâmetros indicadores da DAM, além da presença de bactérias ferro-oxidantes e sulfato-redutoras. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma boa eficiência na prevenção da DAM de dois dos três sistemas de coberturas pesquisados.In the southern of the Santa Catarina state, the weathering and oxidation of pyrite-containing coal has been the major agent of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD production. The purpose of this study was to verify the efficiency of three different cover systems to inhibit AMD. Experiments were built in field lysimeters with alkaline agents - bottom ash and limestone - placed over or mixed with fresh coal waste. To reduce the water infiltration rates and oxygen diffusion 50 cm of compact mud soil layer was put over waste. The top cover was constituted by 10 cm of the same soil, mixed with bottom ash. During one year, these experiments have been monitored through chemical (pH, Eh, Fe2+, Fe total, Al, Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb and Mn and microbiological (Thiobacilus ferroxidans presence composition of effluents. The results indicated that two of three cover systems employed were efficient on AMD prevention.

  6. The contribution of bank and surface sediments to fluvial sediment ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The contribution of bank and surface sediments to fluvial sediment transport of the Pra River. ... the relative contribution of surface and bank sediments to the fluvial sediment transport. ... EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT

  7. Fluvial to Lacustrine Facies Transitions in Gale Crater, Mars

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sumner, Dawn Y.; Williams, Rebecca M. E.; Schieber, Juergen; Palucis, Marisa C.; Oehler, Dorothy Z.; Mangold, Nicolas; Kah, Linda C.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Grotzinger, John P.; Grant, John A., III; hide

    2015-01-01

    NASA's Curiosity rover has documented predominantly fluvial sedimentary rocks along its path from the landing site to the toe of the Peace Vallis alluvial fan (0.5 km to the east) and then along its 8 km traverse across Aeolis Palus to the base of Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp). Lacustrine facies have been identified at the toe of the Peace Vallis fan and in the lowermost geological unit exposed on Aeolis Mons. These two depositional systems provide end members for martian fluvial/alluvial-lacustrine facies models. The Peace Vallis system consisted of an 80 square kilometers alluvial fan with decimeter-thick, laterally continuous fluvial sandstones with few sedimentary structures. The thin lacustrine unit associated with the fan is interpreted as deposited in a small lake associated with fan runoff. In contrast, fluvial facies exposed over most of Curiosity's traverse to Aeolis Mons consist of sandstones with common dune-scale cross stratification (including trough cross stratification), interbedded conglomerates, and rare paleochannels. Along the southwest portion of the traverse, sandstone facies include south-dipping meter-scale clinoforms that are interbedded with finer-grained mudstone facies, interpreted as lacustrine. Sedimentary structures in these deposits are consistent with deltaic deposits. Deltaic deposition is also suggested by the scale of fluvial to lacustrine facies transitions, which occur over greater than 100 m laterally and greater than 10 m vertically. The large scale of the transitions and the predicted thickness of lacustrine deposits based on orbital mapping require deposition in a substantial river-lake system over an extended interval of time. Thus, the lowermost, and oldest, sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater suggest the presence of substantial fluvial flow into a long-lived lake. In contrast, the Peace Vallis alluvial fan onlaps these older deposits and overlies a major unconformity. It is one of the youngest deposits in the crater, and

  8. Field migration rates of tidal meanders recapitulate fluvial morphodynamics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Finotello, Alvise; Lanzoni, Stefano; Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Marani, Marco; Rinaldo, Andrea; D'Alpaos, Andrea

    2018-02-13

    The majority of tidal channels display marked meandering features. Despite their importance in oil-reservoir formation and tidal landscape morphology, questions remain on whether tidal-meander dynamics could be understood in terms of fluvial processes and theory. Key differences suggest otherwise, like the periodic reversal of landscape-forming tidal flows and the widely accepted empirical notion that tidal meanders are stable landscape features, in stark contrast with their migrating fluvial counterparts. On the contrary, here we show that, once properly normalized, observed migration rates of tidal and fluvial meanders are remarkably similar. Key to normalization is the role of tidal channel width that responds to the strong spatial gradients of landscape-forming flow rates and tidal prisms. We find that migration dynamics of tidal meanders agree with nonlinear theories for river meander evolution. Our results challenge the conventional view of tidal channels as stable landscape features and suggest that meandering tidal channels recapitulate many fluvial counterparts owing to large gradients of tidal prisms across meander wavelengths. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

  9. Fluvial hydrology and geomorphology of Monsoon-dominated Indian rivers

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    Vishwas S. Kale

    2005-11-01

    Full Text Available The Indian rivers are dominantly monsoon rainfed. As a result, their regime characteristics are dictated by the spatio-temporal variations in the monsoon rainfall. Although the rivers carry out most of the geomorphic work during 4-5 months of the monsoon season, the nature and magnitude of response to variations in the discharge and sediment load varies with the basin size and relief characteristics. Large monsoon floods play a role of great importance on all the rivers. This paper describes the hydrological and geomorphological characteristics of the two major fluvial systems of the Indian region, namely the Himalayan fluvial system and the Peninsular fluvial system. Large number of studies published so far indicate that there are noteworthy differences between the two river systems, with respect to river hydrology, channel morphology, sediment load and behaviour. The nature of alterations in the fluvial system due to increased human interference is also briefly mentioned. This short review demonstrates that there is immense variety of rivers in India. This makes India one of the best places to study rivers and their forms and processes.

  10. Drenagem anômala total das veias pulmonares, em sua forma infracardíaca: desafio diagnóstico Infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: a diagnostic challenge

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    Célia M. C. Silva

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available No período neonatal, a drenagem anômala total das veias pulmonares, em sua forma infracardíaca, pode ser erroneamente diagnosticada como desconforto respiratório decorrente de diferentes etiologias. No pré-operatório, a ecocardiografia bidimensional com Doppler orientado pelo mapeamento de fluxo em cores pode definir o local exato da drenagem e o padrão de retorno venoso pulmonar, permitindo, dessa forma, que a cirurgia cardíaca seja realizada imediatamente antes que ocorra qualquer dano clínico.Infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage can be erroneously diagnosed as respiratory distress of several different etiologies during the neonatal period. A cross-sectional echocardiography study with Doppler color flow mapping can preoperatively determine the precise drainage site and pulmonary venous return pattern, thereby allowing cardiac surgery to be performed promptly, prior to any clinical deterioration.

  11. Instalação de uma pequena bacia experimental florestal: estudo de caso da bacia do Rio Araponga

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    Aline de Almeida Mota

    Full Text Available RESUMO O presente trabalho detalha aspectos importantes a serem observados nos procedimentos de seleção e caracterização de uma bacia experimental florestal e instalação de um sistema de monitoramento hidrológico, com enfoque em fluviometria, pluviometria e tensiometria. Para tanto, utilizou-se a experiência adquirida no estudo de caso da bacia experimental do Rio Araponga (ARA, localizada no município de Rio Negrinho (SC. O levantamento dos pontos de nascentes e confluências permitiu a extração da rede de drenagem mais próxima da realidade considerando a base cartográfica disponível (escala 1:10.000. A determinação dos locais adequados dos aparelhos de monitoramento hidrológico foi possível somente com levantamento topográfico mais detalhado (escala 1:5.000.

  12. Instalação de uma pequena bacia experimental florestal: estudo de caso da bacia do Rio Araponga

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    Aline de Almeida Mota

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO O presente trabalho detalha aspectos importantes a serem observados nos procedimentos de seleção e caracterização de uma bacia experimental florestal e instalação de um sistema de monitoramento hidrológico, com enfoque em fluviometria, pluviometria e tensiometria. Para tanto, utilizou-se a experiência adquirida no estudo de caso da bacia experimental do Rio Araponga (ARA, localizada no município de Rio Negrinho (SC. O levantamento dos pontos de nascentes e confluências permitiu a extração da rede de drenagem mais próxima da realidade considerando a base cartográfica disponível (escala 1:10.000. A determinação dos locais adequados dos aparelhos de monitoramento hidrológico foi possível somente com levantamento topográfico mais detalhado (escala 1:5.000.

  13. Evaluating process origins of sand-dominated fluvial stratigraphy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chamberlin, E.; Hajek, E. A.

    2015-12-01

    Sand-dominated fluvial stratigraphy is often interpreted as indicating times of relatively slow subsidence because of the assumption that fine sediment (silt and clay) is reworked or bypassed during periods of low accommodation. However, sand-dominated successions may instead represent proximal, coarse-grained reaches of paleo-river basins and/or fluvial systems with a sandy sediment supply. Differentiating between these cases is critical for accurately interpreting mass-extraction profiles, basin-subsidence rates, and paleo-river avulsion and migration behavior from ancient fluvial deposits. We explore the degree to which sand-rich accumulations reflect supply-driven progradation or accommodation-limited reworking, by re-evaluating the Castlegate Sandstone (Utah, USA) and the upper Williams Fork Formation (Colorado, USA) - two Upper Cretaceous sandy fluvial deposits previously interpreted as having formed during periods of relatively low accommodation. Both units comprise amalgamated channel and bar deposits with minor intra-channel and overbank mudstones. To constrain relative reworking, we quantify the preservation of bar deposits in each unit using detailed facies and channel-deposit mapping, and compare bar-deposit preservation to expected preservation statistics generated with object-based models spanning a range of boundary conditions. To estimate the grain-size distribution of paleo-sediment input, we leverage results of experimental work that shows both bed-material deposits and accumulations on the downstream side of bars ("interbar fines") sample suspended and wash loads of active flows. We measure grain-size distributions of bar deposits and interbar fines to reconstruct the relative sandiness of paleo-sediment supplies for both systems. By using these novel approaches to test whether sand-rich fluvial deposits reflect river systems with accommodation-limited reworking and/or particularly sand-rich sediment loads, we can gain insight into large

  14. Unsteady Landscapes: Climatic and Tectonic Controls on Fluvial Terrace Formation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clubb, F. J.; Mudd, S. M.

    2017-12-01

    Fluvial terraces are common landforms throughout mountainous regions which represent abandoned remnants of active river systems and their floodplains. The formation of these landforms points to a fundamental unsteadiness in the incision rate of the fluvial network, providing important information on channel response to climatic, tectonic, and base-level forcing, sediment storage and dynamics within mountainous systems, and the relative importance of lateral and vertical incision rates. In his 1877 Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains, G.K. Gilbert suggested that strath terraces may form due to climatically-driven increase in sediment supply, causing armouring of the channel bed and hindering vertical incision. An alternative hypothesis suggests that strath terraces may be preserved through progressive tectonic uplift or base-level fall. These different formation mechanisms should result in varying distribution of terrace elevations along channels: if terraces are formed through climate-driven variations in sediment supply, we might expect that terrace elevations would be random, whereas progressive fluvial incision should result in a series of terraces with a systematic elevation pattern. Here we test alternative hypotheses for strath terrace formation using a new method for objectively and rapidly identifying terrace surfaces from digital elevation models (DEMs) over large spatial scales. Our new method identifies fluvial terraces using their gradient and elevation compared to the modern channel, thresholds of which are statistically calculated from the DEM and do not need to be set manually by the user. We use this method to extract fluvial terraces for every major river along the coast of California, and quantify their distribution and elevation along the fluvial long profile. Our results show that there is no systematic pattern in terrace elevations despite a well-constrained spatial variation in uplift rates, suggesting that terraces in this region do

  15. Fluvial deposits as an archive of early human activity: Progress during the 20 years of the Fluvial Archives Group

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chauhan, Parth R.; Bridgland, David R.; Moncel, Marie-Hélène; Antoine, Pierre; Bahain, Jean-Jacques; Briant, Rebecca; Cunha, Pedro P.; Despriée, Jackie; Limondin-Lozouet, Nicole; Locht, Jean-Luc; Martins, Antonio A.; Schreve, Danielle C.; Shaw, Andrew D.; Voinchet, Pierre; Westaway, Rob; White, Mark J.; White, Tom S.

    2017-06-01

    Fluvial sedimentary archives are important repositories for Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts throughout the 'Old World', especially in Europe, where the beginning of their study coincided with the realisation that early humans were of great antiquity. Now that many river terrace sequences can be reliably dated and correlated with the globally valid marine isotope record, potentially useful patterns can be recognized in the distribution of the find-spots of the artefacts that constitute the large collections that were assembled during the years of manual gravel extraction. This paper reviews the advances during the past two decades in knowledge of hominin occupation based on artefact occurrences in fluvial contexts, in Europe, Asia and Africa. As such it is an update of a comparable review in 2007, at the end of IGCP Project no. 449, which had instigated the compilation of fluvial records from around the world during 2000-2004, under the auspices of the Fluvial Archives Group. An overarching finding is the confirmation of the well-established view that in Europe there is a demarcation between handaxe making in the west and flake-core industries in the east, although on a wider scale that pattern is undermined by the increased numbers of Lower Palaeolithic bifaces now recognized in East Asia. It is also apparent that, although it seems to have appeared at different places and at different times in the later Lower Palaeolithic, the arrival of Levallois technology as a global phenomenon was similarly timed across the area occupied by Middle Pleistocene hominins, at around 0.3 Ma.

  16. Martian Fluvial Conglomerates at Gale Crater

    Science.gov (United States)

    Williams, R. M. E.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Dietrich, W. E.; Gupta, S.; Sumner, D. Y.; Wiens, R. C.; Mangold, N.; Malin, M. C.; Edgett, K. S.; Maurice, S.; Forni, O.; Gasnault, O.; Ollila, A.; Newsom, H. E.; Dromart, G.; Palucis, M. C.; Yingst, R. A.; Anderson, R. B.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Le Mouélic, S.; Goetz, W.; Madsen, M. B.; Koefoed, A.; Jensen, J. K.; Bridges, J. C.; Schwenzer, S. P.; Lewis, K. W.; Stack, K. M.; Rubin, D.; Kah, L. C.; Bell, J. F.; Farmer, J. D.; Sullivan, R.; Van Beek, T.; Blaney, D. L.; Pariser, O.; Deen, R. G.; Kemppinen, Osku; Bridges, Nathan; Johnson, Jeffrey R.; Minitti, Michelle; Cremers, David; Edgar, Lauren; Godber, Austin; Wadhwa, Meenakshi; Wellington, Danika; McEwan, Ian; Newman, Claire; Richardson, Mark; Charpentier, Antoine; Peret, Laurent; King, Penelope; Blank, Jennifer; Weigle, Gerald; Schmidt, Mariek; Li, Shuai; Milliken, Ralph; Robertson, Kevin; Sun, Vivian; Baker, Michael; Edwards, Christopher; Ehlmann, Bethany; Farley, Kenneth; Griffes, Jennifer; Miller, Hayden; Newcombe, Megan; Pilorget, Cedric; Rice, Melissa; Siebach, Kirsten; Stolper, Edward; Brunet, Claude; Hipkin, Victoria; Léveillé, Richard; Marchand, Geneviève; Sobrón Sánchez, Pablo; Favot, Laurent; Cody, George; Steele, Andrew; Flückiger, Lorenzo; Lees, David; Nefian, Ara; Martin, Mildred; Gailhanou, Marc; Westall, Frances; Israël, Guy; Agard, Christophe; Baroukh, Julien; Donny, Christophe; Gaboriaud, Alain; Guillemot, Philippe; Lafaille, Vivian; Lorigny, Eric; Paillet, Alexis; Pérez, René; Saccoccio, Muriel; Yana, Charles; Aparicio, Carlos Armiens; Caride Rodríguez, Javier; Carrasco Blázquez, Isaías; Gómez Gómez, Felipe; Elvira, Javier Gómez; Hettrich, Sebastian; Lepinette Malvitte, Alain; Marín Jiménez, Mercedes; Frías, Jesús Martínez; Soler, Javier Martín; Torres, F. Javier Martín; Molina Jurado, Antonio; Sotomayor, Luis Mora; Muñoz Caro, Guillermo; Navarro López, Sara; González, Verónica Peinado; García, Jorge Pla; Rodriguez Manfredi, José Antonio; Planelló, Julio José Romeral; Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Sara; Sebastian Martinez, Eduardo; Torres Redondo, Josefina; O'Callaghan, Roser Urqui; Zorzano Mier, María-Paz; Chipera, Steve; Lacour, Jean-Luc; Mauchien, Patrick; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste; Manning, Heidi; Fairén, Alberto; Hayes, Alexander; Joseph, Jonathan; Squyres, Steven; Thomas, Peter; Dupont, Audrey; Lundberg, Angela; Melikechi, Noureddine; Mezzacappa, Alissa; DeMarines, Julia; Grinspoon, David; Reitz, Günther; Prats, Benito; Atlaskin, Evgeny; Genzer, Maria; Harri, Ari-Matti; Haukka, Harri; Kahanpää, Henrik; Kauhanen, Janne; Paton, Mark; Polkko, Jouni; Schmidt, Walter; Siili, Tero; Fabre, Cécile; Wray, James; Wilhelm, Mary Beth; Poitrasson, Franck; Patel, Kiran; Gorevan, Stephen; Indyk, Stephen; Paulsen, Gale; Bish, David; Schieber, Juergen; Gondet, Brigitte; Langevin, Yves; Geffroy, Claude; Baratoux, David; Berger, Gilles; Cros, Alain; Uston, Claude d.; Lasue, Jérémie; Lee, Qiu-Mei; Meslin, Pierre-Yves; Pallier, Etienne; Parot, Yann; Pinet, Patrick; Schröder, Susanne; Toplis, Mike; Lewin, Éric; Brunner, Will; Heydari, Ezat; Achilles, Cherie; Oehler, Dorothy; Sutter, Brad; Cabane, Michel; Coscia, David; Szopa, Cyril; Robert, François; Sautter, Violaine; Nachon, Marion; Buch, Arnaud; Stalport, Fabien; Coll, Patrice; François, Pascaline; Raulin, François; Teinturier, Samuel; Cameron, James; Clegg, Sam; Cousin, Agnès; DeLapp, Dorothea; Dingler, Robert; Jackson, Ryan Steele; Johnstone, Stephen; Lanza, Nina; Little, Cynthia; Nelson, Tony; Williams, Richard B.; Jones, Andrea; Kirkland, Laurel; Treiman, Allan; Baker, Burt; Cantor, Bruce; Caplinger, Michael; Davis, Scott; Duston, Brian; Fay, Donald; Hardgrove, Craig; Harker, David; Herrera, Paul; Jensen, Elsa; Kennedy, Megan R.; Krezoski, Gillian; Krysak, Daniel; Lipkaman, Leslie; McCartney, Elaina; McNair, Sean; Nixon, Brian; Posiolova, Liliya; Ravine, Michael; Salamon, Andrew; Saper, Lee; Stoiber, Kevin; Supulver, Kimberley; Van Beek, Jason; Zimdar, Robert; French, Katherine Louise; Iagnemma, Karl; Miller, Kristen; Summons, Roger; Goesmann, Fred; Hviid, Stubbe; Johnson, Micah; Lefavor, Matthew; Lyness, Eric; Breves, Elly; Dyar, M. Darby; Fassett, Caleb; Blake, David F.; Bristow, Thomas; DesMarais, David; Edwards, Laurence; Haberle, Robert; Hoehler, Tori; Hollingsworth, Jeff; Kahre, Melinda; Keely, Leslie; McKay, Christopher; Bleacher, Lora; Brinckerhoff, William; Choi, David; Conrad, Pamela; Dworkin, Jason P.; Eigenbrode, Jennifer; Floyd, Melissa; Freissinet, Caroline; Garvin, James; Glavin, Daniel; Harpold, Daniel; Mahaffy, Paul; Martin, David K.; McAdam, Amy; Pavlov, Alexander; Raaen, Eric; Smith, Michael D.; Stern, Jennifer; Tan, Florence; Trainer, Melissa; Meyer, Michael; Posner, Arik; Voytek, Mary; Anderson, Robert C.; Aubrey, Andrew; Beegle, Luther W.; Behar, Alberto; Brinza, David; Calef, Fred; Christensen, Lance; Crisp, Joy A.; DeFlores, Lauren; Feldman, Jason; Feldman, Sabrina; Flesch, Gregory; Hurowitz, Joel; Jun, Insoo; Keymeulen, Didier; Maki, Justin; Mischna, Michael; Morookian, John Michael; Parker, Timothy; Pavri, Betina; Schoppers, Marcel; Sengstacken, Aaron; Simmonds, John J.; Spanovich, Nicole; de la Torre Juarez, Manuel; Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Webster, Christopher R.; Yen, Albert; Archer, Paul Douglas; Cucinotta, Francis; Jones, John H.; Ming, Douglas; Morris, Richard V.; Niles, Paul; Rampe, Elizabeth; Nolan, Thomas; Fisk, Martin; Radziemski, Leon; Barraclough, Bruce; Bender, Steve; Berman, Daniel; Dobrea, Eldar Noe; Tokar, Robert; Vaniman, David; Leshin, Laurie; Cleghorn, Timothy; Huntress, Wesley; Manhès, Gérard; Hudgins, Judy; Olson, Timothy; Stewart, Noel; Sarrazin, Philippe; Grant, John; Vicenzi, Edward; Wilson, Sharon A.; Bullock, Mark; Ehresmann, Bent; Hamilton, Victoria; Hassler, Donald; Peterson, Joseph; Rafkin, Scot; Zeitlin, Cary; Fedosov, Fedor; Golovin, Dmitry; Karpushkina, Natalya; Kozyrev, Alexander; Litvak, Maxim; Malakhov, Alexey; Mitrofanov, Igor; Mokrousov, Maxim; Nikiforov, Sergey; Prokhorov, Vasily; Sanin, Anton; Tretyakov, Vladislav; Varenikov, Alexey; Vostrukhin, Andrey; Kuzmin, Ruslan; Clark, Benton; Wolff, Michael; McLennan, Scott; Botta, Oliver; Drake, Darrell; Bean, Keri; Lemmon, Mark; Lee, Ella Mae; Sucharski, Robert; Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo; Blanco Ávalos, Juan José; Ramos, Miguel; Kim, Myung-Hee; Malespin, Charles; Plante, Ianik; Muller, Jan-Peter; González, Rafael Navarro; Ewing, Ryan; Boynton, William; Downs, Robert; Fitzgibbon, Mike; Harshman, Karl; Morrison, Shaunna; Kortmann, Onno; Williams, Amy; Lugmair, Günter; Wilson, Michael A.; Jakosky, Bruce; Zunic, Tonci Balic; Frydenvang, Jens; Kinch, Kjartan; Stipp, Susan Louise Svane; Boyd, Nick; Campbell, John L.; Gellert, Ralf; Perrett, Glynis; Pradler, Irina; VanBommel, Scott; Jacob, Samantha; Owen, Tobias; Rowland, Scott; Savijärvi, Hannu; Boehm, Eckart; Böttcher, Stephan; Burmeister, Sönke; Guo, Jingnan; Köhler, Jan; García, César Martín; Mellin, Reinhold Mueller; Schweingruber, Robert Wimmer; McConnochie, Timothy; Benna, Mehdi; Franz, Heather; Bower, Hannah; Brunner, Anna; Blau, Hannah; Boucher, Thomas; Carmosino, Marco; Atreya, Sushil; Elliott, Harvey; Halleaux, Douglas; Rennó, Nilton; Wong, Michael; Pepin, Robert; Elliott, Beverley; Spray, John; Thompson, Lucy; Gordon, Suzanne; Williams, Joshua; Vasconcelos, Paulo; Bentz, Jennifer; Nealson, Kenneth; Popa, Radu; Moersch, Jeffrey; Tate, Christopher; Day, Mackenzie; Kocurek, Gary; Hallet, Bernard; Sletten, Ronald; Francis, Raymond; McCullough, Emily; Cloutis, Ed; ten Kate, Inge Loes; Arvidson, Raymond; Fraeman, Abigail; Scholes, Daniel; Slavney, Susan; Stein, Thomas; Ward, Jennifer; Berger, Jeffrey; Moores, John E.

    2013-05-01

    Observations by the Mars Science Laboratory Mast Camera (Mastcam) in Gale crater reveal isolated outcrops of cemented pebbles (2 to 40 millimeters in diameter) and sand grains with textures typical of fluvial sedimentary conglomerates. Rounded pebbles in the conglomerates indicate substantial fluvial abrasion. ChemCam emission spectra at one outcrop show a predominantly feldspathic composition, consistent with minimal aqueous alteration of sediments. Sediment was mobilized in ancient water flows that likely exceeded the threshold conditions (depth 0.03 to 0.9 meter, average velocity 0.20 to 0.75 meter per second) required to transport the pebbles. Climate conditions at the time sediment was transported must have differed substantially from the cold, hyper-arid modern environment to permit aqueous flows across several kilometers.

  17. Utilization of alternatives fuels in a fluvial convoy; Utilizacao de combustiveis alternativos em um comboio fluvial

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Padovezi, Carlos D; Giraldo, Arnaldo

    1987-12-31

    This work presents the results of tests performed with ethanol and methanol in a fluvial convoy in Tiete river, Sao Paulo State - Southeast Brazil. It also outlines a comparison and evaluation methodology. 9 figs., 3 tabs.

  18. Utilization of alternatives fuels in a fluvial convoy; Utilizacao de combustiveis alternativos em um comboio fluvial

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Padovezi, Carlos D.; Giraldo, Arnaldo

    1986-12-31

    This work presents the results of tests performed with ethanol and methanol in a fluvial convoy in Tiete river, Sao Paulo State - Southeast Brazil. It also outlines a comparison and evaluation methodology. 9 figs., 3 tabs.

  19. Landform Evolution Modeling of Specific Fluvially Eroded Physiographic Units on Titan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moore, J. M.; Howard, A. D.; Schenk, P. M.

    2015-01-01

    Several recent studies have proposed certain terrain types (i.e., physiographic units) on Titan thought to be formed by fluvial processes acting on local uplands of bedrock or in some cases sediment. We have earlier used our landform evolution models to make general comparisons between Titan and other ice world landscapes (principally those of the Galilean satellites) that we have modeled the action of fluvial processes. Here we give examples of specific landscapes that, subsequent to modeled fluvial work acting on the surfaces, produce landscapes which resemble mapped terrain types on Titan.

  20. Riparian shrub metal concentrations and growth in amended fluvial mine tailings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fluvial mine tailing deposition has caused extensive riparian damage throughout the western United States. Willows are often used for fluvial mine tailing revegetation, but some species accumulate excessive metal concentrations which could be detrimental to browsers. In a greenhouse experiment, gr...

  1. Morphology of fluvial levee series along a river under human influence, Maros River, Hungary

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kiss, Tímea; Balogh, Márton; Fiala, Károly; Sipos, György

    2018-02-01

    The development and morphometry of fluvial levees reflect the connection between channel and overbank processes, which can be altered by various human activities. The aims of this study are to investigate the morphology and spatial characteristics of fluvial levees and evaluate the role of some local- and catchment-scale human activities on their medium-term (150 years) development. This study applies LiDAR data along a 53-km-long reach of the Maros River in Hungary. Six fluvial levee types are identified based on the beginning and end of their evolution. These levee types were generated by local nineteenth century channel regulation works (cutoffs) and mid-twentieth century channel narrowing, which was caused by gravel mining and water impoundment in the upstream sections. However, other human activities also influenced the development of active fluvial levees because their horizontal evolution could have been limited by embanked flood-protection levees or the widening of low-lying floodplain benches that were generated by channel narrowing. Additionally, revetment constructions influenced their vertical parameters as higher fluvial levees developed along the fixed banks. Generally, the older active fluvial levees are wider, while the younger active levees are narrower with steeper slopes but not always lower. On the low-lying floodplain levels (benches), the youngest fluvial levees evolved quite rapidly and consist of coarser material. Currently, only 9.8- to 38-year return-period floods could cover the fluvial levees, contributing to their evolution. This fact and the development of fluvial levee series with two-three members reflect a gradual decoupling of the channel from the floodplain.

  2. Heavy mineral analyses as a powerful tool in fluvial geomorphology

    Science.gov (United States)

    von Suchodoletz, Hans; Gärtner, Andreas; Faust, Dominik

    2014-05-01

    The Marneuli depression is a tectonic sub-basin of the Transcaucasian depression in eastern Georgia, filled with several decametres of fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian Quaternary sediments. In order to reconstruct past landscape evolution of the region we studied Late Quaternary fluvial sediments found along several rivers that flow through that depression. Whereas Holocene river sediments could generally easily be assigned to corresponding rivers, this was not always the case for older fluvial sediments. For this reason, we studied the heavy mineral contents of five recent rivers and of four sedimentary deposits of potential precursors. A total of 4088 analysed heavy mineral grains enabled us to set up the characteristic heavy mineral distribution pattern for each sample. Using these data, we were able to reconstruct the most likely source areas of the Late Pleistocene fluvial sediments and to link them with the catchment areas of recent rivers. This allowed us to identify and to substantiate significant Late Quaternary river diversions that could at least partly be assigned to ongoing tectonic processes.

  3. Zoneamento de susceptibilidade a escorregamentos em encostas aplicado à bacia de drenagem urbana do córrego do independência - Juiz de Fora (MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Tavares Zaidan

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available O desenvolvimento de metodologias para a previsão de ocorrência de escorregamentos vem assumindo importância crescente na literatura geomorfológica e geotécnica. Dentre as metodologias de previsão destes eventos, tem se destacado a utilização de modelos matemáticos, principalmente os modelos determinísticos que são baseados em processos físicos naturais e que levam em consideração os fatores topográficos no processo de modelagem e previsão da susceptibilidade dessas áreas com o auxílio de softwares de Geoprocessamento. Desta forma, este trabalho, que faz parte de uma tese de doutoramento, buscou contribuir através da aplicação de uma metodologia para a determinação de áreas susceptíveis a escorregamentos na região da bacia de drenagem urbana do Córrego Independência na escala 1:2.000, localizada no Município de Juiz de Fora – MG, através da utilização de um modelo determinístico denominado, Modelo SHALSTAB. Os resultados apresentados neste texto referem-se a um zoneamento gerado a partir do SHALSTAB, apontando as áreas de maior a menor susceptibilidade a movimentos de massa, seguido de sua análise, levando em relação os bairros e localidades situados na bacia do córrego Independência. Acredita-se desta forma que tal abordagem possa contribuir para o aprimoramento de metodologias que possam servir como subsídio para a definição de políticas que auxiliem o uso e ocupação de áreas com morfologia de encostas que ofereçam algum tipo de risco à população ou a algum empreendimento, não só nesse município.

  4. MORFOMETRIA E EVOLUÇÃO DO USO DO SOLO E DA VAZÃO DE MÁXIMA EM UMA MICRO BACIA URBANA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Paulo Cunha Menezes

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available O conhecimento dos atributos físicos de uma bacia hidrográfica é de suma importância para a identificação dos parâmetros que auxiliam no melhor gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. Portanto, a caracterização morfométrica e a avaliação do uso do solo de uma bacia hidrográfica se torna uma ferramenta importante para gestão dos recursos hídricos, pois permite prever o grau de vulnerabilidade da bacia a fenômenos extremos como enchentes e inundações. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho pautou no uso das técnicas do geoprocessamento de imagens digitais para análise de atributos morfométricos e da mudança do uso do solo em uma micro bacia urbana no município de Lavras, MG, relacionando-os com a estimativa de vazão máxima como resposta a chuvas de alta intensidade. A análise dos dados e a interpretação dos resultados obtidos nas condições atuais da micro bacia hidrográfica permitiram concluir que o padrão de drenagem formado pelos cursos d’água caracteriza-se como dendrítico e de 4º ordem. A micro bacia do Ribeirão Vermelho possui a forma alongada, evidenciando um menor risco de cheias em condições normais de pluviosidade anual. O mapeamento e ocupação do solo de 2003 e 2013 indicou um aumento da área urbana em contraste com uma redução na área de pastagem, entretanto, não se observou alterações na vazão de pico entre estes anos.

  5. Fluvial response to the last Holocene rapid climate change in the Northwestern Mediterranean coastlands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Degeai, Jean-Philippe; Devillers, Benoît; Blanchemanche, Philippe; Dezileau, Laurent; Oueslati, Hamza; Tillier, Margaux; Bohbot, Hervé

    2017-05-01

    The variability of fluvial activity in the Northwestern Mediterranean coastal lowlands and its relationship with modes of climate change were analysed from the late 9th to the 18th centuries CE. Geochemical analyses were undertaken from a lagoonal sequence and surrounding sediments in order to track the fluvial inputs into the lagoon. An index based on the K/S and Rb/S ratios was used to evidence the main periods of fluvial activity. This index reveals that the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was a drier period characterized by a lower fluvial activity, while the Little Ice Age (LIA) was a wetter period with an increase of the river dynamics. Three periods of higher than average fluvial activity were evidenced at the end of the first millennium CE (ca. 900-950 cal yr CE), in the first half of the second millennium CE (ca. 1150-1550 cal yr CE), and during the 1600s-1700s CE (ca. 1650-1800 cal yr CE). The comparison of these fluvial periods with other records of riverine or lacustrine floods in Spain, Italy, and South of France seems to indicate a general increase in fluvial and flood patterns in the Northwestern Mediterranean in response to the climate change from the MCA to the LIA, although some episodes of flooding are not found in all records. Besides, the phases of higher than average fluvial dynamics are in good agreement with the North Atlantic cold events evidenced from records of ice-rafted debris. The evolution of fluvial activity in the Northwestern Mediterranean coastlands during the last millennium could have been driven by atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns.

  6. Geomorphic Unit Tool (GUT): Applications of Fluvial Mapping

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kramer, N.; Bangen, S. G.; Wheaton, J. M.; Bouwes, N.; Wall, E.; Saunders, C.; Bennett, S.; Fortney, S.

    2017-12-01

    Geomorphic units are the building blocks of rivers and represent distinct habitat patches for many fluvial organisms. We present the Geomorphic Unit Toolkit (GUT), a flexible GIS geomorphic unit mapping tool, to generate maps of fluvial landforms from topography. GUT applies attributes to landforms based on flow stage (Tier 1), topographic signatures (Tier 2), geomorphic characteristics (Tier 3) and patch characteristics (Tier 4) to derive attributed maps at the level of detail required by analysts. We hypothesize that if more rigorous and consistent geomorphic mapping is conducted, better correlations between physical habitat units and ecohydraulic model results will be obtained compared to past work. Using output from GUT for coarse bed tributary streams in the Columbia River Basin, we explore relationships between salmonid habitat and geomorphic spatial metrics. We also highlight case studies of how GUT can be used to showcase geomorphic impact from large wood restoration efforts. Provided high resolution topography exists, this tool can be used to quickly assess changes in fluvial geomorphology in watersheds impacted by human activities.

  7. AÇÕES INTEGRADAS DE MANEJO DE ÁGUAS PLUVIAIS NO ESTADO DA BAHIA: O ESTUDO DE CASO DO MUNICÍPIO DE LAURO DE FREITAS (BA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renavan Andrade Sobrinho

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available O acelerado desenvolvimento urbano associado à ocupação de áreas de risco e a falta de planejamento, tem frequentemente favorecido a ocorrência de desastres naturais no município de Lauro de Freitas/Ba. Assim, baseando-se em estudos e enfatizando a importância da chamada “Drenagem Sustentável”, buscou-se a implementação de ações preventivas que considerem a correção das vazões ao longo dos cursos d’água, propiciando a infiltração natural na bacia de drenagem do Rio Ipitanga. Neste sentido, este artigo visa analisar as soluções e medidas para prevenção de novas ocorrências de desastres naturais, bem como o planejamento e a ordenação das futuras ocupações urbanas, uma vez que, os impactos ambientais nos recursos hídricos após a intervenção antrópica são uma realidade inegável. O modelo apresentado busca uma inter-relação entre a necessidade de obras de intervenção nos cursos d'água urbanos, juntamente com a necessidade premente de harmonização com o meio ambiente, onde as medidas mitigadoras adotadas levem em consideração a infiltração natural da bacia de drenagem

  8. Modeling plan-form deltaic response to changes in fluvial sediment supply

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Nienhuis, J.H.; Ashton, A.D.; Roos, Pieter C.; Hulscher, Suzanne J.M.H.; Giosan, L.; Kranenburg, W.M.; Horstman, E.M.; Wijnberg, K.M.

    2012-01-01

    This study focuses on the effects of changes in fluvial sediment supply on the plan-form shape of wave-dominated deltas. We apply a one-line numerical shoreline model to calculate shoreline evolution after (I) elimination and (II) time-periodic variation of fluvial input. Model results suggest four

  9. Shaler: in situ analysis of a fluvial sedimentary deposit on Mars

    Science.gov (United States)

    Edgar, Lauren; Gupta, Sanjeev; Rubin, David M.; Lewis, Kevin W.; Kocurek, Gary A.; Anderson, Ryan; Bell, James F.; Dromart, Gilles; Edgett, Kenneth S.; Grotzinger, John P.; Hardgrove, Craig; Kah, Linda C.; LeVeille, Richard A.; Malin, Michael C.; Mangold, Nicholas; Milliken, Ralph E.; Minitti, Michelle; Palucis, Marisa C.; Rice, Melissa; Rowland, Scott K.; Schieber, Juergen; Stack, Kathryn M.; Sumner, Dawn Y.; Wiens, Roger C.; Williams, Rebecca M.E.; Williams, Amy J.

    2018-01-01

    This paper characterizes the detailed sedimentology of a fluvial sandbody on Mars for the first time, and interprets its depositional processes and palaeoenvironmental setting. Despite numerous orbital observations of fluvial landforms on the surface of Mars, ground-based characterization of the sedimentology of such fluvial deposits has not previously been possible. Results from the NASA Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover provide an opportunity to reconstruct at fine scale the sedimentary architecture and palaeomorphology of a fluvial environment on Mars. This work describes the grain size, texture, and sedimentary facies of the Shaler outcrop, reconstructs the bedding architecture, and analyses cross-stratification to determine palaeocurrents. On the basis of bedset geometry and inclination, grain-size distribution, and bedform migration direction, this study concludes that the Shaler outcrop likely records the accretion of a fluvial barform. The majority of the outcrop consists of large-scale trough cross-bedding of coarse sand and granules. Palaeocurrent analyses and bedform reconstruction indicate that the beds were deposited by bedforms that migrated towards the northeast, across the surface of a bar that migrated southeast. Stacked cosets of dune cross-bedding suggest aggradation of multiple bedforms, which provides evidence for short periods of sustained flow during Shaler deposition. However, local evidence for aeolian reworking and the presence of potential desiccation cracks within the outcrop suggests that fluvial deposition may have been intermittent. The uppermost strata at Shaler are distinct in terms of texture and chemistry, and are inferred to record deposition from a different sediment dispersal system with a contrasting provenance. The outcrop as a whole is a testament to the availability of liquid water on the surface of Mars in its early history.

  10. The dynamics of a frictionally-dominated Amazonian estuary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nils Edvin Asp

    2012-09-01

    ção superior do estuário, como esperado para um estuário raso e dominado por fricção. Por outro lado, uma vazante mais intensa poderia ocorrer como resultado de grandes áreas de manguezais associadas e intenso preenchimento estuarino, sendo que ambas as condições são observadas no Taperaçu. Neste caso, a prevalência da enchente parece estar associada à ausência de uma descarga fluvial efetiva. Além disso, alguns canais de maré conectam o Taperaçu com seu vizinho estuário do Caeté, o que contribuiria para o domínio de enchente. Como um todo, os resultados demonstram uma complexa interação de aspectos de configuração (fricção, drenagem fluvial, conexões com estuários vizinhos, preenchimento e grandes áreas intermareais na determinação dos padrões hidrodinâmicos, contribuindo para o entendimento dos estuários da região amazônica.

  11. Preliminary evaluation of acid mine drainage in Minas Gerais State, Brazil Avaliação preliminar de drenagem ácida no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Wilson Vargas de Mello

    2006-04-01

    samples. Such investigations should consider other mining operations beyond the scope of this study as well as the kinetics of the acid generation by simulated weathering procedures.A despeito da importância econômica de atividades mineralógicas para o estado de Minas Gerais, perceber-se que elas causam significativo impacto ao ambiente. Drenagem ácida é um dos aspectos ambientais considerados pela atividade em função de seus impactos. Ela tem origem a partir da oxidação de sulfetos metálicos que acidificam as águas, com possibilidade de mobilizar elementos tóxicos e poluir os recursos hídricos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma avaliação preliminar do problema em Minas Gerais. O trabalho teve início a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico junto a Fundação Estadual de Meio Ambiente (FEAM para identificar minerações cujo minério está associado a sulfetos. Amostras dos substratos foram retiradas para determinar o potencial de acidez (AP e de neutralização (NP. AP foi avaliado por dois procedimentos: pelo teor total de sulfetos e pela oxidação com peróxido seguida da titulação ácida. O NP foi avaliado pelo teor equivalente de carbonato de cálcio. Lâminas petrográficas foram preparadas para a descrição mineralógica com ênfase em sulfetos e carbonatos. O balanço ácido-base (ABA foi determinado pela diferença entre AP e NP, enquanto o potencial de geração de águas ácidas foi obtido pelo valor de ABA e o volume total de material de cada atividade minerária. Os resultados permitiram identificar quatro substratos com potencial para gerar drenagem ácida no estado de Minas Gerais. Juntas, estes materiais representam um potencial de geração de cerca 3,14 a 10,37 bilhões de metros cúbicos de água a pH 2,0 ou 31,4 a 103,7 bilhões de metros cúbicos de água a pH 3,0. Estes valores significam custos entre US$ 7,8 e 25,9 milhões para neutralizar a acidez com o uso de calcário. Estas estimativas são provavelmente

  12. Contemporary Conceptual Approaches in Fluvial Geomorphology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica dos Santos Marçal

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Contemporary fluvial geomorphology faces challenging questions, especially as it goes by understanding the Late Holocene/Anthropocene period, which has repercussions today and are intrinsically important to understand the human river disturbance. Given the scale that physical rates operate in complex river systems, two conceptual paths were developed to analyze the spatial and temporal organization. The network view emphasizes controls on catchment-scale and a reach approach focuses on discontinuity and local controls. Fluvial geomorphology has seek to understand the organization of complex river systems from the integrated view of the continuity and discontinuity paradigm. This integrated approach has stimulated within the geomorphology, the emergence of new theoretical-methodological instruments. It is recognized that rivers management is an ongoing process, part of the socio-cultural development, which refers to both a social movement and scientific exercise.

  13. Delimitação Automática de Bacias de Drenagens e Análise Multivariada de Atributos Morfométricos usando Modelo Digital De Elevação Hidrologicamente Corrigido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandro Nunes de Oliveira

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available A topologia e geometria das redes de drenagem têm contribuído substancialmente para os estudos em geomorfologia e hidrologia, incluindo modernos modelos de evolução da paisagem. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para extração automatizada de bacias e sub-bacias de drenagem e calcular seus atributos morfométricos agrupando-as pelas similaridades. A metodologia pode ser dividida nas seguintes etapas: (a construção do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE hidrologicamente corrigido, (b delimitação das bacias de drenagem a partir do MDE considerando a hierarquização de bacias de drenagem proposta por Strahler, (c cálculo dos atributos morfométricos das bacias de drenagem e (d análise estatística multivariada (análise de grupos e análise de componentes principais. Neste trabalho são apresentados algoritmos para a  extração da rede de drenagem e dos limites de bacias a partir do MDE como também muitos problemas pertinentes. A preparação do MDE incluiu o preenchimento de depressões, introdução da drenagem e o cálculo da direção de fluxo e grade de acumulação de fluxo. A análise de componentes principais reduziu os atributos morfométricos da bacia de drenagem em três fatores, com alta porcentagem da variância original. A partir da análise de grupos definiram-se sete classes de bacias com padrões morfológicos típicos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a viabilidade de aplicação da mesma seqüência de procedimentos para outras áreas.

  14. Protracted fluvial recovery from medieval earthquakes, Pokhara, Nepal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stolle, Amelie; Bernhardt, Anne; Schwanghart, Wolfgang; Andermann, Christoff; Schönfeldt, Elisabeth; Seidemann, Jan; Adhikari, Basanta R.; Merchel, Silke; Rugel, Georg; Fort, Monique; Korup, Oliver

    2016-04-01

    River response to strong earthquake shaking in mountainous terrain often entails the flushing of sediments delivered by widespread co-seismic landsliding. Detailed mass-balance studies following major earthquakes in China, Taiwan, and New Zealand suggest fluvial recovery times ranging from several years to decades. We report a detailed chronology of earthquake-induced valley fills in the Pokhara region of western-central Nepal, and demonstrate that rivers continue to adjust to several large medieval earthquakes to the present day, thus challenging the notion of transient fluvial response to seismic disturbance. The Pokhara valley features one of the largest and most extensively dated sedimentary records of earthquake-triggered sedimentation in the Himalayas, and independently augments paleo-seismological archives obtained mainly from fault trenches and historic documents. New radiocarbon dates from the catastrophically deposited Pokhara Formation document multiple phases of extremely high geomorphic activity between ˜700 and ˜1700 AD, preserved in thick sequences of alternating fluvial conglomerates, massive mud and silt beds, and cohesive debris-flow deposits. These dated fan-marginal slackwater sediments indicate pronounced sediment pulses in the wake of at least three large medieval earthquakes in ˜1100, 1255, and 1344 AD. We combine these dates with digital elevation models, geological maps, differential GPS data, and sediment logs to estimate the extent of these three pulses that are characterized by sedimentation rates of ˜200 mm yr-1 and peak rates as high as 1,000 mm yr-1. Some 5.5 to 9 km3 of material infilled the pre-existing topography, and is now prone to ongoing fluvial dissection along major canyons. Contemporary river incision into the Pokhara Formation is rapid (120-170 mm yr-1), triggering widespread bank erosion, channel changes, and very high sediment yields of the order of 103 to 105 t km-2 yr-1, that by far outweigh bedrock denudation rates

  15. Modeling Long-Term Fluvial Incision : Shall we Care for the Details of Short-Term Fluvial Dynamics?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lague, D.; Davy, P.

    2008-12-01

    Fluvial incision laws used in numerical models of coupled climate, erosion and tectonics systems are mainly based on the family of stream power laws for which the rate of local erosion E is a power function of the topographic slope S and the local mean discharge Q : E = K Qm Sn. The exponents m and n are generally taken as (0.35, 0.7) or (0.5, 1), and K is chosen such that the predicted topographic elevation given the prevailing rates of precipitation and tectonics stay within realistic values. The resulting topographies are reasonably realistic, and the coupled system dynamics behaves somehow as expected : more precipitation induces increased erosion and localization of the deformation. Yet, if we now focus on smaller scale fluvial dynamics (the reach scale), recent advances have suggested that discharge variability, channel width dynamics or sediment flux effects may play a significant role in controlling incision rates. These are not factored in the simple stream power law model. In this work, we study how these short- term details propagate into long-term incision dynamics within the framework of surface/tectonics coupled numerical models. To upscale the short term dynamics to geological timescales, we use a numerical model of a trapezoidal river in which vertical and lateral incision processes are computed from fluid shear stress at a daily timescale, sediment transport and protection effects are factored in, as well as a variable discharge. We show that the stream power law model might still be a valid model but that as soon as realistic effects are included such as a threshold for sediment transport, variable discharge and dynamic width the resulting exponents m and n can be as high as 2 and 4. This high non-linearity has a profound consequence on the sensitivity of fluvial relief to incision rate. We also show that additional complexity does not systematically translates into more non-linear behaviour. For instance, considering only a dynamical width

  16. Experimental investigation of fluvial dike breaching due to flow overtopping

    Science.gov (United States)

    El Kadi Abderrezzak, K.; Rifai, I.; Erpicum, S.; Archambeau, P.; Violeau, D.; Pirotton, M.; Dewals, B.

    2017-12-01

    The failure of fluvial dikes (levees) often leads to devastating floods that cause loss of life and damages to public infrastructure. Overtopping flows have been recognized as one of the most frequent cause of dike erosion and breaching. Fluvial dike breaching is different from frontal dike (embankments) breaching, because of specific geometry and boundary conditions. The current knowledge on the physical processes underpinning fluvial dike failure due to overtopping remains limited. In addition, there is a lack of a continuous monitoring of the 3D breach formation, limiting the analysis of the key mechanisms governing the breach development and the validation of conceptual or physically-based models. Laboratory tests on breach growth in homogeneous, non-cohesive sandy fluvial dikes due to flow overtopping have been performed. Two experimental setups have been constructed, permitting the investigation of various hydraulic and geometric parameters. Each experimental setup includes a main channel, separated from a floodplain by a dike. A rectangular initial notch is cut in the crest to initiate dike breaching. The breach development is monitored continuously using a specific developed laser profilometry technique. The observations have shown that the breach develops in two stages: first the breach deepens and widens with the breach centerline being gradually shifted toward the downstream side of the main channel. This behavior underlines the influence of the flow momentum component parallel to the dike crest. Second, the dike geometry upstream of the breach stops evolving and the breach widening continues only toward the downstream side of the main channel. The breach evolution has been found strongly affected by the flow conditions (i.e. inflow discharge in the main channel, downstream boundary condition) and floodplain confinement. The findings of this work shed light on key mechanisms of fluvial dike breaching, which differ substantially from those of dam

  17. Characterizing fluvial heavy metal pollutions under different rainfall conditions: Implication for aquatic environment protection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Lixun; Zhao, Bo; Xu, Gang; Guan, Yuntao

    2018-09-01

    Globally, fluvial heavy metal (HM) pollution has recently become an increasingly severe problem. However, few studies have investigated the variational characteristics of fluvial HMs after rain over long periods (≥1 year). The Dakan River in Xili Reservoir watershed (China) was selected as a case study to investigate pollution levels, influencing factors, and sources of HMs under different rainfall conditions during 2015 and 2016. Fluvial HMs showed evident spatiotemporal variations attributable to the coupled effects of pollution generation and rainfall diffusion. Fluvial HM concentrations were significantly associated with rainfall characteristics (e.g., rainfall intensity, rainfall amount, and antecedent dry period) and river flow, which influenced the generation and the transmission of fluvial HMs in various ways. Moreover, this interrelationship depended considerably on the HM type and particle size distribution. Mn, Pb, Cr, and Ni were major contributors to high values of the comprehensive pollution index; therefore, they should be afforded special attention. Additionally, quantitative source apportionment of fluvial HMs was conducted by combining principal component analysis with multiple linear regression and chemical mass balance models to obtain comprehensive source profiles. Finally, an environment-friendly control strategy coupling "source elimination" and "transport barriers" was proposed for aquatic environment protection. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Signatures of Late Pleistocene fluvial incision in an Alpine landscape

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leith, Kerry; Fox, Matthew; Moore, Jeffrey R.

    2018-02-01

    Uncertainty regarding the relative efficacy of fluvial and glacial erosion has hindered attempts to quantitatively analyse the Pleistocene evolution of alpine landscapes. Here we show that the morphology of major tributaries of the Rhone River, Switzerland, is consistent with that predicted for a landscape shaped primarily by multiple phases of fluvial incision following a period of intense glacial erosion after the mid-Pleistocene transition (∼0.7 Ma). This is despite major ice sheets reoccupying the region during cold intervals since the mid-Pleistocene. We use high-resolution LiDAR data to identify a series of convex reaches within the long-profiles of 18 tributary channels. We propose these reaches represent knickpoints, which developed as regional uplift raised tributary bedrock channels above the local fluvial baselevel during glacial intervals, and migrated upstream as the fluvial system was re-established during interglacial periods. Using a combination of integral long-profile analysis and stream-power modelling, we find that the locations of ∼80% of knickpoints in our study region are consistent with that predicted for a fluvial origin, while the mean residual error over ∼100 km of modelled channels is just 26.3 m. Breaks in cross-valley profiles project toward the elevation of former end-of-interglacial channel elevations, supporting our model results. Calculated long-term uplift rates are within ∼15% of present-day measurements, while modelled rates of bedrock incision range from ∼1 mm/yr for low gradient reaches between knickpoints to ∼6-10 mm/yr close to retreating knickpoints, typical of observed rates in alpine settings. Together, our results reveal approximately 800 m of regional uplift, river incision, and hillslope erosion in the lower half of each tributary catchment since 0.7 Ma.

  19. Aeolian and fluvial processes in dryland regions: the need for integrated studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Belnap, Jayne; Munson, Seth M.; Field, Jason P.

    2011-01-01

    Aeolian and fluvial processes play a fundamental role in dryland regions of the world and have important environmental and ecological consequences from local to global scales. Although both processes operate over similar spatial and temporal scales and are likely strongly coupled in many dryland systems, aeolian and fluvial processes have traditionally been studied separately, making it difficult to assess their relative importance in drylands, as well as their potential for synergistic interaction. Land degradation by accelerated wind and water erosion is a major problem throughout the world's drylands, and although recent studies suggest that these processes likely interact across broad spatial and temporal scales to amplify the transport of soil resources from and within drylands, many researchers and land managers continue to view them as separate and unrelated processes. Here, we illustrate how aeolian and fluvial sediment transport is coupled at multiple spatial and temporal scales and highlight the need for these interrelated processes to be studied from a more integrated perspective that crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries. Special attention is given to how the growing threat of climate change and land-use disturbance will influence linkages between aeolian and fluvial processes in the future. We also present emerging directions for interdisciplinary needs within the aeolian and fluvial research communities that call for better integration across a broad range of traditional disciplines such as ecology, biogeochemistry, agronomy, and soil conservation.

  20. Modelagem hidrológica na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Aiuruoca, MG Hydrologic modeling in the Aiuruoca river basin, Minas Gerais State

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo R. Viola

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available A simulação do comportamento hidrológico de bacias hidrográficas consiste em uma das principais ferramentas na gestão dos recursos hídricos, devido à possibilidade de predição do regime fluvial. A bacia em estudo está localizada na região Alto Rio Grande, Sul de Minas Gerais, com área de drenagem de 2.094 km², constituindo uma das bacias fundamentais de drenagem para o reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Camargos (UHE - Camargos/CEMIG. Neste contexto se objetivou desenvolver e aplicar um modelo hidrológico semi-conceitual, na forma semi-distribuída, para simular o comportamento hidrológico da bacia do Rio Aiuruoca, com apoio dos SIGs e sensoriamento remoto, disponibilizando uma ferramenta útil para o gerenciamento e planejamento dos recursos hídricos na região. Os resultados do coeficiente estatístico de Nash-Sutcliffe (CNS foram de 0,87 e 0,92 para as etapas de calibração e verificação, respectivamente, o que, de acordo com a classificação proposta para modelos hidrológicos de simulação, permite qualificá-lo para simulação do comportamento hidrológico na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Aiuruoca.The hydrological simulation of watersheds is one of the most important tools for water resources management due to the possibility of flow regime prediction. The Aiuruoca river basin is located in the Alto Rio Grande Basin, southern Minas Gerais State, with 2,094 km² of drainage area, and is very important drainage basin into the Camargos Hydropower Plant Reservoir (UHE - Camargos/CEMIG. In this context, this work had the objective of developing and applying a semi-conceptual hydrologic model, in semi-distributed approach, for hydrologic simulation in the Aiuruoca river basin, based on GIS and Remote Sensing tools, thus creating an important tool for management and planning of water resources in the region. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients (CNS, respectively, for calibration and validation periods, were 0.87 and 0

  1. Fluvial-deltaic sedimentation and stratigraphy of the ferron sandstone

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anderson, P.B.; Chidsey, T.C.; Ryer, T.A.

    1997-01-01

    East-central Utah has world-class outcrops of dominantly fluvial-deltaic Turonian to Coniacian aged strata deposited in the Cretaceous foreland basin. The Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale records the influences of both tidal and wave energy on fluvial-dominated deltas on the western margin of the Cretaceous western interior seaway. Revisions of the stratigraphy are proposed for the Ferron Sandstone. Facies representing a variety of environments of deposition are well exposed, including delta-front, strandline, marginal marine, and coastal-plain. Some of these facies are described in detail for use in petroleum reservoir characterization and include permeability structure.

  2. Sediment dynamics in the Rhine catchment : Quantification of fluvial response to climate change and human impact

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Erkens, G.

    2009-01-01

    Fluvial systems are strongly responsive to changes in climate and land use — but take their time to show it. Accurate prediction of the timing and degree of future fluvial response requires comprehensive understanding of fluvial response in the past. This PhD-thesis studied the response of the river

  3. Evolução de Cabeceiras de Drenagem no Médio Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul (SP/RJ: a Formação e o Crescimento da Rede de Canais sob Controle Estrutural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Luiza Coelho Netto

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta os resultados das pesquisas conduzidas no médio vale do rio Paraíba do Sul, na bacia do rio Bananal (518 2Km e adjacências, sobre a formação e crescimento de redes de canais em cabeceiras de drenagem e suas implicações no rebaixamento diferencial dos divisores de bacias de drenagem sob forte controle estrutural. A ênfase recai nas interações geológico-geomorfológicas que regulam a geração de fluxos ascendentes em fraturas subverticais (artesianismo e suas relações com a formação dos regolitos. As discussões focalizam a natureza dos processos geomorfológicos responsáveis por: 1- formação de depressões fechadas em divisores e suas relações com a origem de concavidades estruturais; 2- origem e progressão de canais incisos (tipo voçoroca através das cabeceiras de drenagem; 3- relação entre a incisão linear (ou rebaixamento de nível de base e o recuo dos divisores; 4- - interações hidrológica e erosiva em cabeceiras de drenagem adjacentes; 5- interações hidrológica e erosiva entre vales fluviais adjacentes e topograficamente desnivelados. Os dados revelam que a rede é dominada pelo crescimento regressivo dos canais de primeira ordem sobre os vales de cabeceiras, onde outros canais menores podem se desenvolver e originar vales suspensos próximos aos divisores, bem como que com a progressão da incisão linear dos canais e rebaixamento do nível freático, acentua-se a competição pela água subterrânea entre vales de cabeceiras ou vales fluviais adjacentes, limitando a geração de fluxos artesianos e os desenvolvimentos da rede de canais interconectados, corroborando o preconizado pela Lei de Gilbert (1877.

  4. GOEMORFOLOGIA FLUVIAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO DE ONDAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ossifleres Silva Damasceno

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Os estudos de Geomorfologia Fluvial para analise de Bacias Hidrográficas vêm tendo nos últimos tempos grande importância, tanto para se conhecer as características de determinadas bacias como para se planejar o uso de tais recursos. Neste sentido, este trabalho foi efetuado no intuito de somar aos estudos anteriormente executados nessa bacia, levantando algumas características geomorfológicas, o uso e ocupação atual. Palavras-chaves: geomorfologia fluvial, hidrografia, agricultura irrigada.

  5. Surficial geological tools in fluvial geomorphology: Chapter 2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jacobson, Robert B.; O'Connor, James E.; Oguchi, Takashi

    2016-01-01

    Increasingly, environmental scientists are being asked to develop an understanding of how rivers and streams have been altered by environmental stresses, whether rivers are subject to physical or chemical hazards, how they can be restored, and how they will respond to future environmental change. These questions present substantive challenges to the discipline of fluvial geomorphology, especially since decades of geomorphologic research have demonstrated the general complexity of fluvial systems. It follows from the concept of complex response that synoptic and short-term historical views of rivers will often give misleading understanding of future behavior. Nevertheless, broadly trained geomorphologists can address questions involving complex natural systems by drawing from a tool box that commonly includes the principles and methods of geology, hydrology, hydraulics, engineering, and ecology.

  6. Fluvial system response to Late Devensian (Weichselian) aridity, Baston, Lincolnshire, England

    Science.gov (United States)

    Briant, Rebecca M.; Coope, G. Russell; Preece, Richard C.; Keen, David H.; Boreham, Steve; Griffiths, Huw I.; Seddon, Mary B.; Gibbard, Philip L.

    2004-07-01

    Little is known about the impact of Late Devensian (Weichselian) aridity on lowland British landscapes, largely because they lack the widespread coversand deposits of the adjacent continent. The concentration of large interformational ice-wedge casts in the upper part of many Devensian fluvial sequences suggests that fluvial activity may have decreased considerably during this time. The development of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating enables this period of ice-wedge cast formation to be constrained for the first time in eastern England, where a marked horizon of ice-wedge casts is found between two distinctive dateable facies associations. Contrasts between this horizon and adjacent sediments show clear changes in environment and fluvial system behaviour in response to changing water supply, in line with palaeontological evidence. In addition to providing chronological control on the period of ice-wedge formation, the study shows good agreement of the radiocarbon and OSL dating techniques during the Middle and Late Devensian, with direct comparison of these techniques beyond 15 000 yr for the first time in Britain. It is suggested that aridity during the Late Devensian forced a significant decrease in fluvial activity compared with preceding and following periods, initiating a system with low peak flows and widespread permafrost development. Copyright

  7. Lacustrine-fluvial interactions in Australia's Riverine Plains

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kemp, Justine; Pietsch, Timothy; Gontz, Allen; Olley, Jon

    2017-06-01

    Climatic forcing of fluvial systems has been a pre-occupation of geomorphological studies in Australia since the 1940s. In the Riverine Plain, southeastern Australia, the stable tectonic setting and absence of glaciation have combined to produce sediment loads that are amongst the lowest in the world. Surficial sediments and landforms exceed 140,000 yr in age, and geomorphological change recorded in the fluvial, fluvio-lacustrine and aeolian features have provided a well-studied record of Quaternary environmental change over the last glacial cycle. The region includes the Willandra Lakes, whose distinctive lunette lakes preserve a history of water-level variations and ecological change that is the cornerstone of Australian Quaternary chronostratigraphy. The lunette sediments also contain an ancient record of human occupation that includes the earliest human fossils yet found on the Australian continent. To date, the lake-level and palaeochannel records in the Lachlan-Willandra system have not been fully integrated, making it difficult to establish the regional significance of hydrological change. Here, we compare the Willandra Lakes environmental record with the morphology and location of fluvial systems in the lower Lachlan. An ancient channel belt of the Lachlan, Willandra Creek, acted as the main feeder channel to Willandra Lakes before channel avulsion caused the lakes to dry out in the late Pleistocene. Electromagnetic surveys, geomorphological and sedimentary evidence are used to reconstruct the evolution of the first new channel belt following the avulsion. Single grain optical dating of floodplain sediments indicates that sedimentation in the new Middle Billabong Palaeochannel had commenced before 18.4 ± 1.1 ka. A second avulsion shifted its upper reaches to the location of the present Lachlan River by 16.2 ± 0.9 ka. The timing of these events is consistent with palaeohydrological records reconstructed from Willandra Lakes and with the record of

  8. The Gediz River fluvial archive : A benchmark for Quaternary research in Western Anatolia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maddy, D.; Veldkamp, A.; Demir, T.; van Gorp, W.; Wijbrans, J.R.; van Hinsbergen, D.J.J.; Dekkers, M.J.; Schreve, D.; Schoorl, J.M.; Scaife, R.; Stemerdink, C.; van der Schriek, T.; Bridgland, D.R.; Aytaç, A.S.

    2017-01-01

    The Gediz River, one of the principal rivers of Western Anatolia, has an extensive Pleistocene fluvial archive that potentially offers a unique window into fluvial system behaviour on the western margins of Asia during the Quaternary. In this paper we review our work on the Quaternary Gediz River

  9. Evidence of anthropogenic tipping points in fluvial dynamics in Europe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Notebaert, Bastiaan; Broothaerts, Nils; Verstraeten, Gert

    2018-05-01

    In this study the occurrence of thresholds in fluvial style changes during the Holocene are discussed for three different catchments: the Dijle and Amblève catchments (Belgium) and the Valdaine Region (France). We consider tipping points to be a specific type of threshold, defined as relatively rapid and irreversible changes in the system. Field data demonstrate that fluvial style has varied in all three catchments over time, and that different tipping points can be identified. An increase in sediment load as a result of human induced soil erosion lead to a permanent change in the Dijle floodplains from a forested peaty marsh towards open landscape with clastic deposition and a well-defined river channel. In the Valdaine catchment, an increase in coarse sediment load, caused by increased erosion in the mountainous upper catchment, altered the floodplains from a meandering pattern to a braided pattern. Other changes in fluvial style appeared to be reversible. Rivers in the Valdaine were prone to different aggradation and incision phases due to changes in peak water discharge and sediment delivery, but the impact was too low for these changes to be irreversible. Likewise the Dijle River has recently be prone to an incision phase due to a clear water effect, and also this change is expected to be reversible. Finally, the Amblève River did not undergo major changes in style during the last 2000 to 5000 years, even though floodplain sedimentation rates increased tenfold during the last 600 years. Overall, these examples demonstrate how changes in fluvial style depend on the crossing of thresholds in sediment supply and water discharge. Although changes in these controlling parameters are caused by anthropogenic land use changes, the link between those land use changes and changes in fluvial style is not linear. This is due to the temporal variability in landscape connectivity and sediment transport and the non-linear relationship between land use intensity and soil

  10. COMPORTAMENTO DE ANÁLISES EM SUPERFÍCIE PLANIMÉTRICA E MODELADA FRENTE A REPRESENTAÇÕES CARTOGRÁFICAS E ÍNDICES GEOMORFOLÓGICOS - BACIA DO RIO CUIABÁ - PETRÓPOLIS (RJ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manoel do Couto Fernandes

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Existe uma série de alternativas para trabalhar com a dimensionalidade dos elementos de uma paisagem, e mesmo assim o geoprocessamento possui uma limitação estabelecida pela não consideração da irregularidade do espaço a ser analisado. Neste sentido, a análise em superfície modelada apresenta uma acuracidade maior no que tange a mensurações na paisagem, como é o caso de análises geomorfológicas. Com o intuito de fornecer mais um subsídio de como as diferentes observações em superfície planimétrica e modelada podem se comportar mediante as mensurações morfológicas, o presente trabalho busca comparar resultados de índices geomorfológicos obtidos a partir destes dois tipos de observações na bacia do rio Cuiabá, localizada no município de Petrópolis (RJ. Todo estudo foi desenvolvido na escala de 1:10.000, compilada das bases topográficas onde foram construídos os índices geomorfológicos em superfície planimétrica, tais como Gradiente topográfico (Gt, Densidade de drenagem (Dd e Índice de Eficiência de Drenagem (IED. Estes índices foram extraídos para as 41 bacias de segunda ordem que compõem a bacia do Rio Cuiabá. Os índices Dd e IED foram aplicados à superfície modelada a partir de um modelo digital de elevação (MDE, que teve como fonte os dados planialtimétricos da base cartográfica. Além destes dois índices, foi considerado também o eixo de concavidade para estas bacias de segunda ordem, o qual faz parte do sistema de escoamento superficial juntamente com a hidrografia. Resultados mostraram um significando aumento dos valores de área de bacia e comprimento de drenagem para superfície modelada em relação à planimétrica, respectivamente 18,8% e 5,31%. Quando somado o eixo de concavidade à hidrografia, foi obtido um percentual de diferença de 8,19% para a drenagem total. Estes valores foram decisivos para a modificação dos resultados de Densidade de drenagem e do Índice de Eficiência de

  11. Geological aspects of paleoseismicity and archaeosismology in the fluvial alluvial Rimac valley

    OpenAIRE

    Jacay, Javier

    2017-01-01

    The sedimentary fill of the Rimac River fluvial-alluvial plain (Upper Miocene-Quaternary) consists of a thick sequence of unconsolidated material that corresponds to fluvial deposits. A record of seismotectonic activity is presentedin the sedimentary levels of fine facie within numerous paleoseismic structures such as contoured layers, pseudonodules, load figures, and material injections. Additionally, wall inclination and collapse, as well as displacement and partialfracturing, and pavement ...

  12. Natural radionuclide behaviour in the fluvial environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murray, A.S.; Olley, J.M.; Wallbrink, P.J.

    1992-01-01

    Variable concentrations of uranium and thorium series nuclides and 7 Be have been measured in soils and sediments. Strong correlations between 226 Ra and thorium series nuclides were found in sediments but not in soils. Laboratory measurements suggest the correlations arise from particle size and density dependent transport, and transport-related abrasion of iron oxide coatings. These correlations are characteristic of the sampled location, and provide a method for identifying the source areas which dominate the fluvial nuclide flux, and by implication, the associated sediment flux. Cosmogenic 7 Be (half-life 53 d) also contributes to nuclide fluxes. Over an 18 month period, individual rainstorms increased the 7 Be soil inventory by 10% on average. Dry precipitation contributed less than 10% to the total. Most 7 Be was retained within the top few millimetres of soil. It is deduced that 7 Be presence in fluvial sediments indicates a significant surface source contribution to the overall nuclide and sediment flux. (author)

  13. The influence of fluvial reservoir architecture on geothermal energy production in Hot Sedimentary Aquifers

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Willems, C.J.L.

    2014-01-01

    Currently six geothermal doublets are realized in the WNB. Five of these doublets target the same Lower Cretaceous fluvial sandstone interval, the Nieuwerkerk Formation. About 40 exploration licences are granted. Many of them also have sandstones in the same fluvial interval, the Nieuwerkerk

  14. A Field Exercise in Fluvial Sediment Transport.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tharp, Thomas M.

    1983-01-01

    Describes an investigation which introduces the mathematical principles of stream hydraulics and fluvial sediment in a practical context. The investigation has four stages: defining hydrology of the stream; defining channel hydraulics in a study reach; measuring grain size; and calculating transportable grain size and comparing measure stream-bed…

  15. O Conceito de Bacia Hidrográfica e a Importância da Caracterização Morfométrica para o Entendimento da Dinâmica Ambiental Local

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valter Luiz Iost Teodoro

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar os diferentes conceitos relativos a bacias hidrográficas e realizar a caracterização morfométrica da microbacia do córrego Marivan localizada no município de Araraquara (SP. Diferentes definições referentes ao conceito de bacias hidrográficas foram discutidas e sistematizadas. Para a caracterização morfométrica da microbacia do córrego Marivan foi utilizado um mapa topográfico na escala 1:10.000 cedido pelo Departamento Autônomo de Água e Esgoto de Araraquara (DAAE. Os resultados indicam que a microbacia do córrego Marivan é pouco ramificada, com uma área de 2,1 km² e perímetro de 5,37 km. O comprimento do canal principal é de 1,37 km com uma rede de drenagem total de 1,43 km. Possui uma baixa capacidade de drenagem e densidade hidrográfica. O fator de forma e o índice de circularidade indicam que o perímetro da bacia aproxima-se a um círculo, o que favorece os processos de inundação (cheias rápidas. Concluise que a análise de aspectos relacionados à drenagem, relevo e geologia pode levar à elucidação e compreensão de diversas questões associadas à dinâmica ambiental local, todavia nenhum desses índices, isoladamente, deve ser entendido como capaz de simplificar a complexa dinâmica da bacia, a qual inclusive tem magnitude temporal.

  16. Drenagem anômala de veia pulmonar inferior direita em veia cava inferior associada a apêndice hepático intracardíaco Anomalous drainage of the right inferior pulmonary vein into the inferior vena cava associated to intrathoracic hepatic appendix

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos R Moraes

    1988-08-01

    Full Text Available Descreve-se o caso de uma paciente de 61 anos de idade, com drenagem anômala de veia pulmonar inferior direita em veia cava inferior, associada a apêndice hepático intratorácico, herniado através de fenda no diafragma. A correção cirúrgica foi realizada por anastomose direta da veia anômala com o átrio esquerdo, pela redução do apêndice hepático para a cavidade abdominal e, finalmente, pelo fechamento do defeito diafragmático. O pós-operatório decorreu sem qualquer complicação. Os autores chamam a atenção para a raridade do caso.The authors present a case of a 61-year-old woman with anomalous drainage of the right inferior pulmonary vein into the inferior vena cava associated to an intrathoracic hepatic appendix herniated through a diaphragmatic defect. Surgical correction was obtained by direct anastomosis of the anomalous vein to the left atrium, reduction of the hepatic appendix to the abdominal cavity and closure of the diphragmatic defect. The postoperative course was unevenftul. The rarity of this condition is stressed.

  17. Obstrução de vias aéreas superiores após drenagem de abscesso periamigdaliano: relato de caso Obstrucción de vías aéreas superiores después de drenaje de absceso periamigdaliano: relato de caso Upper airway obstruction after peritonsillar abscess drainage: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Deoclécio Tonelli

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O abscesso periamigdaliano é uma complicação incomum, porém predispõe a comprometimento grave das vias aéreas superiores. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso de obstrução de vias aéreas após drenagem cirúrgica de abscesso periamigdaliano numa paciente jovem sem outras doenças de base. RELATO DO CASO: Trata-se de uma paciente de 26 anos com grave abscesso periamigdaliano que submeteu-se à anestesia geral para drenagem e após a extubação apresentou grave insuficiência respiratória, necessitando de reintubação traqueal e ventilação controlada mecânica por 24 horas. CONCLUSÕES: O planejamento anestésico e a adequada indicação cirúrgica são fundamentais para a prevenção de complicações em cirurgia otorrinolaringológica.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El absceso periamigdaliano es una complicación incomún, sin embargo predisponen al comprometimiento grave de las vías aéreas superiores. El objetivo de este relato es presentar un caso de obstrucción de las vías aéreas después de drenaje quirúrgico de absceso periamigdaliano en una paciente joven sin otras enfermedades de base. RELATO DE CASO: Se trata de una paciente de 26 años con grave absceso periamigdaliano que se sometió a anestesia general para drenaje y después de la extubación presentó grave insuficiencia respiratoria, necesitando de reintubación traqueal y ventilación controlada mecánica por 24 horas. CONCLUSIONES: El planeamiento anestésico y la adecuada indicación quirúrgica son fundamentales para la prevención de complicaciones en cirugía otorrinolaringológica.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peritonsillar abscess is an unusual complication, but predisposes to severe upper airway complications. This report aimed at presenting a case of upper airway obstruction after surgical drainage of a peritonsillar abscess in a healthy young female patient. CASE REPORT: Young female patient, 26 years old, with severe

  18. Nanorradiolipossomas modulados molecularmente para estudar a drenagem linfática pulmonar profunda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Filomena Rabaça Roque Botelho

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: A drenagem linfática pulmonar profunda (DLPP desempenha um papel importante na remoção de materiais estranhos, constituindo os macrófagos alveolares a primeira linha de defesa fagocitária, dada a grande afinidade para microrganismos patogénicos. Os Bacillus subtilis são saprófitas do tracto respiratório humano com ampla utilização em investigação e em biotecnologia.As cadeias linfáticas pulmonares profundas (CLPP constituem um dos primeiros locais de disseminação de tumores pulmonares.Neste trabalho pretendeu-se desenvolver e validar um método não invasivo para avaliar as CLPP através de nanorradiolipossomas aerosolisados e modulados pela parede do esporo do Bacillus subtilis. O objectivo final foi produzir uma formulação de nanorradiolipossomas capaz de imitar a dinâmica da remoção de esporos pelas CLPP e simultaneamente ter propriedades ideais como traçador para imagiologia molecular.Testámos sete diferentes formulações lipossómicas, tendo a formulação F demonstrado possuir propriedades fisicoquímicas e radiofarmacêuticas que a tornam o traçador ideal para imagiologia molecular in vivo das CLPP.Os nanorradiolipossomas da formulação F após marcação com 99mTc-HMPAO foram administrados sob a forma de aerossóis a 20 Sus scrofa. Visualizaram-se comunicações hilares e interpulmonares nos primeiros 5 minutos após a inalação, as cadeias infradiafragmáticas entre os 10 e os 20 minutos, os gânglios da cadeia aórtica aos 20 minutos e os da região hilar renal aos 30 minutos.Em conclusão, o método proposto visualiza os gânglios linfáticos e a rede linfática pulmonar profunda. A modulação dos nanorradiolipossomas permite que eles atinjam órgãos ou tecidos específicos, conferindo-lhes importantes potencialidades no âmbito do diagnóstico e/ou da terapêutica.Rev Port

  19. Fluvial facies reservoir productivity prediction method based on principal component analysis and artificial neural network

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pengyu Gao

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available It is difficult to forecast the well productivity because of the complexity of vertical and horizontal developments in fluvial facies reservoir. This paper proposes a method based on Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Network to predict well productivity of fluvial facies reservoir. The method summarizes the statistical reservoir factors and engineering factors that affect the well productivity, extracts information by applying the principal component analysis method and approximates arbitrary functions of the neural network to realize an accurate and efficient prediction on the fluvial facies reservoir well productivity. This method provides an effective way for forecasting the productivity of fluvial facies reservoir which is affected by multi-factors and complex mechanism. The study result shows that this method is a practical, effective, accurate and indirect productivity forecast method and is suitable for field application.

  20. Gold-bearing fluvial and associated tidal marine sediments of Proterozoic age in the Mporokoso Basin, northern Zambia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andrews-Speed, C. P.

    1986-07-01

    The structurally defined Mporokoso Basin contains up to 5000 m of continental and marine clastic sediments and minor silicic volcanics which together form the Mporokoso Group. These rocks overlie unconformably a basement of silicic-intermediate igneous rocks and accumulated within the interval 1830-1130 Ma. This sedimentological study was restricted to the eastern end of the basin and was part of an assessment of the potential for palaeoplacer gold in the Mporokoso Group. At the base of the Mporokoso Group, the Mbala Formation consists of 1000-1500 m of purple sandstones and conglomerates deposited in a braided-stream system overlain by 500-1000 m of mature quartz arenites deposited in a tidal marine setting. A general coarsening-upward trend exists within the fluvial sediments. Sandy, distal braided-stream facies passes upwards into more proximal conglomeratic facies. In proximal sections, poorly sorted conglomerates form the top of the coarsening-up sequence which is 500-700 m thick. The overlying fluvial sediments fine upwards. The tidal marine sandstones at the top of the Mbala Formation resulted from reworking of fluvial sediments during a marine transgression. Well-exposed sections with fluvial conglomerates were studied in detail. Individual conglomerate bodies form sheets extending for hundreds of metres downstream and at least one hundred metres across stream, with little sign of deep scouring or channelling. They are generally matrix-supported. The whole fluvial sequence is characterised by a paucity of mud or silt. These conglomerates were deposited by large velocity, sheet flows of water which transported a bed-load of pebbles and sand. Most fine material settling out from suspension was eroded by the next flow. The great lateral and vertical extent and the uniformity of the fluvial sediments suggest that the sediments accumulated over an unconfined alluvial plain and that the tectonic evolution of the source area was relatively continuous and not

  1. La géoarchéologie fluviale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Les recherches des hydrogéomorphologues ont des applications nombreuses dans le vaste champ des sciences géoarchéologiques. Elles fournissent des réponses précises sur la façon dont l’environnement des anciens lieux de passage et de vie humaine a évolué. Le propos n’est pas seulement de définir les causes des grands changements environnementaux, mais aussi de juger de la vulnérabilité sociétale face aux contraintes hydroclimatiques. Pour cela, les méthodes d’étude doivent nécessairement prendre en compte les trois facettes de la géomorphologie fluviale : la paléohydrographie, la paléohydrologie et la paléohydraulique. La pertinence de cette approche est montrée en milieu rural et urbain dans les plaines deltaïques du Rhône (France du Sud et de l’Isonzo (Italie du Nord.Current research led by hydrogeomorphologists has numerous applications in the vast field of geoarchaeological sciences. It brings precise answers on environmental characteristics around the ancient places of passage and human life. The goal is not only to define the causes of global environmental changes, but also to precise the links between river dynamics and human societies in terms of fluvial risk. Therefore, the studied methods should simultaneously take into account the three facets of the fluvial geomorphology, i.e., the palaeohydrography, the palaeohydrology, and the palaeohydraulics. The pertinence of this combinatorial approach is deduced from the work of the author led both in rural and urban areas of the deltaic plains of the Rhône (South of France and Isonzo (northern Italy rivers.

  2. Caracterização geomorfológica com enfoque pedológico e análise da rede de drenagem da área correspondente à Folha Alhandra 1:25.000 – estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Freitas Gilvonete Maria Araujo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A pesquisa objetivou caracterizar a geomorfologia e a rede de drenagem da Folha Alhandra. Para realizá-la, confeccionaram-se as cartas hipsométrica e clinográfica, verificandose a predominância de áreas com 0-3% de declividade, enquanto a ocorrência de áreas > 45% é mínima. As altitudes variam de 2 a 137 m, evidenciando planícies e tabuleiros. Realizaram-se análises laboratoriais de solo, atestando elevado intemperismo químico e erosão por etchplanação. Na rede de drenagem, destaca-se o padrão retangular, percebendo-se cursos retilíneos e cursos com inflexões bruscas, sugerindo ação tectônica na região

  3. Fluvial modulation of hydrodynamics and salt transport in a highly stratified estuary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla de Abreu D'Aquino

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available An oceanographic campaign was conducted in the Araranguá river estuary during the period from May 11th to 13th of 2006 in order to produce a first hydrographic characterization of this system. The campaign was carried out during the spring tide period, and coincidentally after an intense rain event in the region which produced a peak in river discharge. Water level, currents and salinity time series were recorded hourly during a 50-hour period, at a site nearly 7 km upstream from the estuarine mouth. Two longitudinal distributions of salinity along the estuary were also recorded. The hydrographic data time-series were used to compute the advective salt flux in order to investigate the changes in the transport terms as a function of the change in discharge. The results showed that the estuarine structure was strongly modulated by the river discharge. The drop in water level of about 0.5 m during the first 24 hours was directly related to the ebb phase of the river flood. The water column was highly stratified throughout the period, therefore the stratification increased during the last 24 hours. The currents were stronger, ebbing and uni-directional at the beginning and became weaker and bidirectional as the water level went down, assuming a tidal pattern. The total salt transport in the first 25 hours was of -13.6 kg.m-1.s-1 (seawards, decreasing to 3 Kg.m-1.s-1 during the last 25 hours (landwards. It was also noticeable that the pH in the estuary, recorded together with the salinity, was around 5, showing that the water quality in the estuary is affected by the coal mining activity in the hydrographic basin.Uma campanha oceanográfica foi realizada no estuário do rio Araranguá durante o período de 11 e 13 de maio de 2006, objetivando fazer uma primeira caracterização hidrográfica do sistema. A campanha foi realizada em condição de maré de sizígia, e coincidentemente após um evento de chuvas intensas na região que produziu um pico

  4. Fluvial processes and channel morphometry of the upper Orashi ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Fluvial processes and channel morphometry of the upper Orashi basin in ... of channel equilibrium between morphology and hydrology, the Orashi channel is not well ... Drainage basins, watershed morphology, morphometric analysis, Nigeria ...

  5. Fluvial Channel Networks as Analogs for the Ridge-Forming Unit, Sinus Meridiani, Mars

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilkinson, M. J.; du Bois, J. B.

    2010-01-01

    Fluvial models have been generally discounted as analogs for the younger layered rock units of Sinus Meridiani. A fluvial model based on the large fluvial fan provides a possibly close analog for various features of the sinuous ridges of the etched, ridge-forming unit (RFU) in particular. The close spacing of the RFU ridges, their apparently chaotic orientations, and their organization in dense networks all appear unlike classical stream channel patterns. However, drainage patterns on large fluvial fans low-angle, fluvial aggradational features, 100s of km long, documented worldwide by us provide parallels. Some large fan characteristics resemble those of classical floodplains, but many differences have been demonstrated. One major distinction relevant to the RFU is that channel landscapes of large fans can dominate large areas (1.2 million km2 in one S. American study area). We compare channel morphologies on large fans in the southern Sahara Desert with ridge patterns in Sinus Meridiani (fig 1). Stream channels are the dominant landform on large terrestrial fans: they may equate to the ubiquitous, sinuous, elongated ridges of the RFU that cover areas region wide. Networks of convergent/divergent and crossing channels may equate to similar features in the ridge networks. Downslope divergence is absent in channels of terrestrial upland erosional landscapes (fig. 1, left), whereas it is common to both large fans (fig. 1, center) and RFU ridge patterns (fig 1, right downslope defined as the regional NW slope of Sinus Meridiani). RFU ridge orientation, judged from those areas apparently devoid of impact crater control, is broadly parallel with the regional slope (arrow, fig. 1, right), as is mean orientation of major channels on large fans (arrow, fig. 1, center). High densities per unit area characterize fan channels and martian ridges reaching an order of magnitude higher than those in uplands just upstream of the terrestrial study areas fig. 1. In concert with

  6. Ridge Orientations of the Ridge-Forming Unit, Sinus Meridiani, Mars-A Fluvial Explanation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilkinson, M. Justin; Herridge, A.

    2013-01-01

    Imagery and MOLA data were used in an analysis of the ridge-forming rock unit (RFU) exposed in Sinus Meridiani (SM). This unit shows parallels at different scales with fluvial sedimentary bodies. We propose the terrestrial megafan as the prime analog for the RFU, and likely for other members of the layered units. Megafans are partial cones of fluvial sediment, with radii up to hundreds of km. Although recent reviews of hypotheses for the RFU units exclude fluvial hypotheses [1], inverted ridges in the deserts of Oman have been suggested as putative analogs for some ridges [2], apparently without appreciating The wider context in which these ridges have formed is a series of megafans [3], a relatively unappreciated geomorphic feature. It has been argued that these units conform to the megafan model at the regional, subregional and local scales [4]. At the regional scale suites of terrestrial megafans are known to cover large areas at the foot of uplands on all continents - a close parallel with the setting of the Meridiani sediments at the foot of the southern uplands of Mars, with its incised fluvial systems leading down the regional NW slope [2, 3] towards the sedimentary units. At the subregional scale the layering and internal discontinuities of the Meridiani rocks are consistent, inter alia, with stacked fluvial units [4]. Although poorly recognized as such, the prime geomorphic environment in which stream channel networks cover large areas, without intervening hillslopes, is the megafan [see e.g. 4]. Single megafans can reach 200,000 km2 [5]. Megafans thus supply an analog for areas where channel-like ridges (as a palimpsest of a prior landscape) cover the intercrater plains of Meridiani [6]. At the local, or river-reach scale, the numerous sinuous features of the RFU are suggestive of fluvial channels. Cross-cutting relationships, a common feature of channels on terrestrial megafans, are ubiquitous. Desert megafans show cemented paleo-channels as inverted

  7. A model of plant strategies in fluvial hydrosystems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bornette, G.; Tabacchi, E.; Hupp, C.; Puijalon, S.; Rostan, J.C.

    2008-01-01

    1. We propose a model of plant strategies in temperate fluvial hydrosystems that considers the hydraulic and geomorphic features that control plant recruitment, establishment and growth in river floodplains. 2. The model describes first how the disturbance gradient and the grain-size of the river

  8. The origin of dose distributions in fluvial sediments, and the prospect of dating single grains from fluvial deposits using optically stimulated luminescence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Olley, J.M.; Caitcheon, G.G.; Roberts, R.G.

    1999-01-01

    We examine the causes of the asymmetric distributions of dose observed from measurements of the optically stimulated luminescence emitted by small aliquots of fluvial quartz, and deduce that the asymmetry arises as a result of samples being composed of a mix of mainly well bleached grains with grains that were effectively unbleached at the time of deposition. We demonstrate that the shapes of the dose distributions can be used to assess the likelihood that aliquots consist only of grains that were well-bleached at the time of deposition. The more asymmetric the distribution, the greater the probability that the aliquots with the lowest dose most closely represent the true burial dose. Single grains with differing doses are present in each of the samples examined, and the population with the lowest dose gives an optical age consistent with the expected burial age. This result implies that the beta-dose heterogeneity in these deposits is small, and that the effects of micro-dosimetric variations on optical dating of individual grains are not significant for these samples. We demonstrate that single-grain dating of fluvial material is possible and practicable using standard Risoe optical dating equipment, and we conclude that application of a new regenerative-dose protocol to single grains of quartz, using the lowest dose population to estimate the burial dose, is the best available means of obtaining reliable luminescence ages for heterogeneously bleached fluvial sediments

  9. A geologic approach to field methods in fluvial geomorphology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fitzpatrick, Faith A.; Thornbush, Mary J; Allen, Casey D; Fitzpatrick, Faith A.

    2014-01-01

    A geologic approach to field methods in fluvial geomorphology is useful for understanding causes and consequences of past, present, and possible future perturbations in river behavior and floodplain dynamics. Field methods include characterizing river planform and morphology changes and floodplain sedimentary sequences over long periods of time along a longitudinal river continuum. Techniques include topographic and bathymetric surveying of fluvial landforms in valley bottoms and describing floodplain sedimentary sequences through coring, trenching, and examining pits and exposures. Historical sediment budgets that include floodplain sedimentary records can characterize past and present sources and sinks of sediment along a longitudinal river continuum. Describing paleochannels and floodplain vertical accretion deposits, estimating long-term sedimentation rates, and constructing historical sediment budgets can assist in management of aquatic resources, habitat, sedimentation, and flooding issues.

  10. Implications from Sedimentary records in Fluvial Terraces for Geomorphological Evolution in the Puli Basin, Taiwan

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tseng, C.H.; Wenske, D.; Böse, M.; Reimann, T.; Lüthgens, C.; Frechen, Manfred

    2013-01-01

    Fluvial terraces play an important role for research on previous geomorphic processes as their sediments can record various sedimentation stages. In the mountains of central Taiwan, however, the formation time of sediments in the Puli Basin is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the fluvial

  11. Combined fluvial and pluvial urban flood hazard analysis: concept development and application to Can Tho city, Mekong Delta, Vietnam

    Science.gov (United States)

    Apel, Heiko; Martínez Trepat, Oriol; Nghia Hung, Nguyen; Thi Chinh, Do; Merz, Bruno; Viet Dung, Nguyen

    2016-04-01

    Many urban areas experience both fluvial and pluvial floods, because locations next to rivers are preferred settlement areas and the predominantly sealed urban surface prevents infiltration and facilitates surface inundation. The latter problem is enhanced in cities with insufficient or non-existent sewer systems. While there are a number of approaches to analyse either a fluvial or pluvial flood hazard, studies of a combined fluvial and pluvial flood hazard are hardly available. Thus this study aims to analyse a fluvial and a pluvial flood hazard individually, but also to develop a method for the analysis of a combined pluvial and fluvial flood hazard. This combined fluvial-pluvial flood hazard analysis is performed taking Can Tho city, the largest city in the Vietnamese part of the Mekong Delta, as an example. In this tropical environment the annual monsoon triggered floods of the Mekong River, which can coincide with heavy local convective precipitation events, causing both fluvial and pluvial flooding at the same time. The fluvial flood hazard was estimated with a copula-based bivariate extreme value statistic for the gauge Kratie at the upper boundary of the Mekong Delta and a large-scale hydrodynamic model of the Mekong Delta. This provided the boundaries for 2-dimensional hydrodynamic inundation simulation for Can Tho city. The pluvial hazard was estimated by a peak-over-threshold frequency estimation based on local rain gauge data and a stochastic rainstorm generator. Inundation for all flood scenarios was simulated by a 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model implemented on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for time-efficient flood propagation modelling. The combined fluvial-pluvial flood scenarios were derived by adding rainstorms to the fluvial flood events during the highest fluvial water levels. The probabilities of occurrence of the combined events were determined assuming independence of the two flood types and taking the seasonality and probability of

  12. Ephemeral-fluvial sediments as potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Vol. 1: Sedimentology

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Taylor, K.S.

    1994-12-31

    Although reservoirs formed from ephemeral-fluvial sandstones have previously been considered relatively simple, unresolved problems of sandbody correlation and production anomalies demonstrate the need for improved understanding of their internal complexity. Outcropping ephemeral-fluvial systems have been studied in order to determine the main features and processes occurring in sand-rich ephemeral systems and to identify which features will be of importance in a hydrocarbon reservoir. The Lower Jurassic Upper Moenave and Kayenta Formations of south-eastern Utah and northern Arizona comprise series of stacked, sand-dominated sheet-like palaeochannels suggestive of low sinuosity, braided systems. Low subsidence rates and rapid lateral migration rates enabled channels to significantly modify their widths during high discharge. (author)

  13. Global effects of agriculture on fluvial dissolved organic matter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Graeber, Daniel; Boëchat, Iola; Encina, Francisco

    2015-01-01

    Agricultural land covers approximately 40% of Earth’s land surface and affects hydromorphological, biogeochemical and ecological characteristics of fluvial networks. In the northern temperate region, agriculture also strongly affects the amount and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter...

  14. Tubo de PVC liso com diferentes envoltórios como material alternativo na drenagem subterrânea Smooth PVC tube with different envelopes as an alternative material in the subsurface drainage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florício P. de Almeida

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Em regiões áridas e semi-áridas irrigadas a drenagem é, freqüentemente, necessária para prevenir o encharcamento do solo e o controle da salinidade. Um dos principais obstáculos na instalação de um sistema de drenagem subterrânea é o alto custo do investimento inicial. Assim, alguma contribuição que reduza o custo da instalação dos drenos e também do material usado, é altamente vantajosa. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar, em condições de laboratório, o desempenho hidráulico do sistema drenante constituído pelo tubo de PVC liso, próprio para esgoto doméstico, de 50,0 mm de diâmetro nominal e área aberta de 23,0 cm² m-1, e por três tipos de envoltório. O desempenho do tubo drenante de PVC liso demonstrou que esse material é tecnicamente viável para drenagem agrícola, principalmente com o uso de brita como envoltório.In irrigated arid and semi-arid regions the drainage is, frequently, necessary to prevent the waterlogging of the soil and to control the salinity. One of the main obstacles in the installation of a subsurface drainage system is the high cost of the initial investment. Thus, some contribution that reduces the cost of the installation of the drains and also of the material used is highly advantageous. The objective of this research was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the hydraulic performance of the drainage system constituted by smooth PVC tube used for sewer with 50.0 mm of nominal diameter and open area of 23.0 cm² m-1 and different types of envelopes, as an alternative material for subsurface drainage. The performance of the smooth PVC tube demonstrated that this material is technically viable for agricultural drainage principally when used with single stones as envelope.

  15. Efeitos das mudanças do uso da terra na biogeoquímica dos corpos d'água da bacia do rio Ji-Paraná, Rondônia Effects of land use changes in the biogeochemistry of fluvial systems of the Ji-Paraná river basin, Rondônia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alex Vladimir Krusche

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho discute os efeitos das mudanças do uso do solo na biogequímica dos rios da bacia de drenagem do rio Ji-Paraná (Rondônia. Nesta região, a distribuição espacial do desmatamento e das propriedades do solo resultam em sinais diferentes, possibilitando a divisão dos sistemas fluviais em três grupos: rios com águas pobres em íons e baixo impacto; rios com conteúdo iônico intermediário e impacto médio e rios com elevados conteúdo iônico e impacto antropogênico. As características biogeoquímicas dos rios têm relação significativa com a área de pasto, melhor parâmetro para prever a condutividade elétrica (r² = 0,87 e as concentrações de sódio (r² = 0,75, cloreto (r² = 0,69, potássio (r² = 0,63, fosfato (r² = 0.78, nitrogênio inorgânico (r² = 0.52, carbono inorgânico (r² = 0.81 e carbono orgânico (rain ² = 0.51 dissolvidos. Cálcio e magnésio tiveram sua variância explicada pelas características do solo e pastagem. Nossos resultados indicam que as mudanças observadas na micro-escala constituem "sinais biogeoquímicos" gerados pelo processamento do material nas margens dos rios. A medida em que os rios evoluem para ordens superiores, os sinais persistentes nos canais fluviais estão mais associdados às características da bacia de drenagem (solos e uso da terra. Apesar dos efeitos das mudanças observadas no uso do solo não serem ainda detectáveis na macro-escala (bacia amazônica, a disrupção da estrutura e funcionamento dos ecossistemas é detectável nas micro e meso escalas, com alterações significativas na ciclagem de nutrientes nos ecossistemas fluviais.In this article we present the results of the effects of land use change on the river biogeochemistry of the Ji-Paraná basin (Rondônia. In this region, the spatial distribution of deforestation and soil properties result in different biogeochemical signals, allowing the division of the fluvial systems into three groups: rivers with

  16. Fluvial processes on Mars: Erosion and sedimentation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Squyres, Steven W.

    1988-01-01

    One of the most important discoveries of the Mariner 9 and Viking missions to Mars was evidence of change of the Martian surface by the action of liquid water. From the standpoint of a Mars Rover/Sample Return Mission, fluvial activity on Mars is important in two ways: (1) channel formation has deeply eroded the Martian crust, providing access to relatively undisturbed subsurface units; and (2) much of the material eroded from channels may have been deposited in standing bodies of liquid water. The most striking fluvial erosion features on Mars are the outflow channels. A second type of channel apparently caused by flow of liquid water is the valley systems. These are similar to terrestial drainage systems. The sedimentary deposits of outflow channels are often difficult to identfy. No obvious deposits such as deltaic accumulations are visible in Viking images. Another set of deposits that may be water lain and that date approx. from the epoch of outflow channels are the layered deposits in the Valles Marineris. From the standpoint of a Mars Rover/Sample Return mission, the problem with all of these water-lain sediments is their age, or rather the lack of it.

  17. Uso do sistema de posicionamento global na caracterização planialtimétrica para projetos de irrigação e drenagem

    OpenAIRE

    Rodrigues, Vilmar Antonio [UNESP

    2003-01-01

    Os levantamentos planialtimétricos nas áreas de irrigação e drenagem ocupam posição fundamental, visto que todo projeto necessita de levantamento topográfico com exatidão compatível com as especificações estabelecidas pela NBR 13.333 de 1994. Nas últimas décadas, a área da mensuração sofreu várias modificações importantes. O avanço mais importante, entretanto, ocorreu com o aparecimento do sistema de medições por satélites – GPS, que revolucionou completamente a área de levantamentos topográf...

  18. Fluvial geomorphology: where do we go from here?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Derald G.

    1993-07-01

    The evolution of geomorphology and in particular, fluvial geomorphology, is at a crossroads. Currently, the discipline is dismally organized, without focus or direction, and is practised by individualists who rarely collaborate in numbers significant enough to generate major research initiatives. If the discipline is to mature and to prosper, we must make some very difficult decisions that will require major changes in our ways of thinking and operating. Either the field stays in its current operational mode and becomes a backwater science, or it moves forward and adopts the ways of the more competitive sectors of the earth and biosciences. For the discipline to evolve, fluvial geomorphologists must first organize an association within North America or at the international level. The 3rd International Geomorphology Conference may be a start, but within that organization we must develop our own divisional and/or regional organizations. Within the Quaternary geology/geomorphology divisions of the Geological Socieity of America (GSA), Association of American Geographers (AAG), American Geophysical Union (AGU) and British Geomorphology Research Group (BGRG) the voice of fluvial geomorphology is lost in a sea of diverse and competitive interests, though there is reason for hope resulting from some recent initiatives. In Canada, we have no national geomorphology organization per se; our closest organization is Canqua (Canadian Quaternary Association). Next, fluvial researchers must collaborate, by whatever means, to develop "scientific critical mass" in order to generate ideas and long-range goals of modest and major scientific importance. These projects will help secure major research funding without which, research opportunities will diminish and initiating major new research will become nearly impossible. Currently, we are being surpassed by the glaciologists, remote sensors, ecologists, oceanographers, climatologists-atmospheric researchers and some Quaternary

  19. Fluvial archives, a valuable record of vertical crustal deformation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Demoulin, A.; Mather, A.; Whittaker, A.

    2017-06-01

    The study of drainage network response to uplift is important not only for understanding river system dynamics and associated channel properties and fluvial landforms, but also for identifying the nature of crustal deformation and its history. In recent decades, geomorphic analysis of rivers has proved powerful in elucidating the tectonic evolution of actively uplifting and eroding orogens. Here, we review the main recent developments that have improved and expanded qualitative and quantitative information about vertical tectonic motions (the effects of horizontal deformation are not addressed). Channel long profiles have received considerable attention in the literature, and we briefly introduce basic aspects of the behaviour of bedrock rivers from field and numerical modelling perspectives, before describing the various metrics that have been proposed to identify the information on crustal deformation contained within their steady-state characteristics. Then, we review the literature dealing with the transient response of rivers to tectonic perturbation, through the production of knickpoints propagating through the drainage network. Inverse modelling of river profiles for uplift in time and space is also shown to be very effective in reconstructing regional tectonic histories. Finally, we present a synthetic morphometric approach for deducing the tectonic record of fluvial landscapes. As well as the erosional imprint of tectonic forcing, sedimentary deposits, such as fluvial terrace staircases, are also considered as a classical component of tectonic geomorphology. We show that these studies have recently benefited from rapid advances in dating techniques, allowing more reliable reconstruction of incision histories and estimation of incision rates. The combination of progress in the understanding of transient river profiles and larger, more rigorous data sets of terrace ages has led to improved understanding of river erosion and the implications for terrace

  20. Model Projections of Future Fluvial Sediment Delivery to Major Deltas Under Environmental Change

    Science.gov (United States)

    Darby, S. E.; Dunn, F.; Nicholls, R. J.; Cohen, S.; Zarfl, C.

    2017-12-01

    Deltas are important hot spots for climate change impacts on which over half a billion people live worldwide. Most of the world's deltas are sinking as a result of natural and anthropogenic subsidence and due to eustatic sea level rise. The ability to predict rates of delta aggradation is therefore critical to assessments of the extent to which sedimentation can potentially offset sea level rise, but our ability to make such predictions is severely hindered by a lack of insight into future trends of the fluvial sediment load supplied to their deltas by feeder watersheds. To address this gap we investigate fluvial sediment fluxes under future environmental change for a selection (47) of the world's major river deltas. Specifically, we employed the numerical model WBMsed to project future variations in mean annual fluvial sediment loads under a range of environmental change scenarios that account for changes in climate, socio-economics and dam construction. Our projections indicate a clear decrease (by 34 to 41% on average, depending on the specific scenario) in future fluvial sediment supply to most of the 47 deltas. These reductions in sediment delivery are driven primarily by anthropogenic disturbances, with reservoir construction being the most influential factor globally. Our results indicate the importance of developing new management strategies for reservoir construction and operation.

  1. Influence of fluvial sandstone architecture on geothermal energy production

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Willems, C.J.L.; Maghami Nick, Hamidreza M.; Weltje, G.J.; Donselaar, M.E.; Bruhn, D.F.

    2015-01-01

    Fluvial sandstone reservoirs composed of stacked meander belts are considered as potential geothermal resources in the Netherlands. Net-to-gross, orientation and stacking pattern of the channel belts is of major importance for the connectivity between the injection and production well in such

  2. Reservoirs as hotspots of fluvial carbon cycling in peatland catchments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stimson, A G; Allott, T E H; Boult, S; Evans, M G

    2017-02-15

    Inland water bodies are recognised as dynamic sites of carbon processing, and lakes and reservoirs draining peatland soils are particularly important, due to the potential for high carbon inputs combined with long water residence times. A carbon budget is presented here for a water supply reservoir (catchment area~9km 2 ) draining an area of heavily eroded upland peat in the South Pennines, UK. It encompasses a two year dataset and quantifies reservoir dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and aqueous carbon dioxide (CO 2 (aq)) inputs and outputs. The budget shows the reservoir to be a hotspot of fluvial carbon cycling, as with high levels of POC influx it acts as a net sink of fluvial carbon and has the potential for significant gaseous carbon export. The reservoir alternates between acting as a producer and consumer of DOC (a pattern linked to rainfall and temperature) which provides evidence for transformations between different carbon species. In particular, the budget data accompanied by 14 C (radiocarbon) analyses provide evidence that POC-DOC transformations are a key process, occurring at rates which could represent at least ~10% of the fluvial carbon sink. To enable informed catchment management further research is needed to produce carbon cycle models more applicable to these environments, and on the implications of high POC levels for DOC composition. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. A numerical study of the Plata River plume along the southeastern South American continental shelf

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe M. Pimenta

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available The Rio de la Plata, one of the largest rivers on Earth, discharges into the ocean waters from basin that covers a large area of South America. Its plume extends along northern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil shelves strongly influencing the ecosystems. In spite of this, little is known about the mechanisms that control it. Here we report results of simulations with POM carried out to investigate the roles of wind and river discharge in Plata plume dynamics. Different outflows were explored, including an average climatological value and magnitudes representative of La Niña and El Niño. Forcing the model with river discharge the average plume speed was directly related to the outflow intensity. The Plata northward extension varied from 850 to 1550 km and for average discharge a band of low salinity waters formed from the estuary up to 30ºN of South Brazilian Shelf. Upwelling and downwelling winds were applied after 130 days. The distribution of low salinity waters over the shelf was more sensitive to the wind direction than to the river outflow variability. Downwelling winds were very capable of advecting the low salinity signal downshelf. Upwelling winds were efficient in eroding the plume, which was basically detached from the coast by Ekman drift. Abnormal plume intrusions toward low latitudes may be a result of the original plume position coupled with events of persistent strong downwelling favorable winds.O Rio da Prata, um dos maiores rios da Terra, descarrega no oceano águas de uma bacia de drenagem que cobre uma ampla área da América do Sul. Sua pluma extende-se ao longo do norte da Argentina, Uruguay e sul do Brasil influenciando amplamente os ecossistemas costeiros. A despeito disso, pouco se sabe a respeito dos mecanismos que a controlam. Relatamos aqui simulações conduzidas com o modelo POM na investigação do papel dos ventos e da descarga fluvial na dinâmica da pluma do Prata. Descargas com valores médios climatol

  4. Variability in fluvial geomorphic response to anthropogenic disturbance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verstraeten, Gert; Broothaerts, Nils; Van Loo, Maarten; Notebaert, Bastiaan; D'Haen, Koen; Dusar, Bert; De Brue, Hanne

    2017-10-01

    Humans have greatly impacted the processes and intensities of erosion, sediment transport and storage since the introduction of agriculture. In many regions around the world, accelerated floodplain sedimentation can be related to increases in human pressure on the environment. However, the relation between the intensity of anthropogenic disturbance and the magnitude of change in fluvial sediment dynamics is not straightforward and often non-linear. Here, we review a number of case studies from contrasting environmental settings in the European loess belt, the Eastern Mediterranean mountain ranges and the eastern USA. Detailed field-based sediment archive studies and sediment budgets covering time periods ranging from 200 to over 5000 year, as well as the use of pollen and sediment provenance techniques, show that no overarching concept of changes in floodplain sedimentation following anthropogenic disturbance can be established. Slope-channel (dis)connectivity controls the existence of thresholds or tipping points that need to be crossed before significant changes in downstream sediment dynamics are recorded following human impact. This coupling can be related to characteristics of human pressure such as its duration, intensity and spatial patterns, but also to the geomorphic and tectonic setting. Furthermore, internal feedback mechanisms, such as those between erosion and soil thickness, further complicate the story. All these factors controlling the propagation of sediment from eroding hillslopes to river channels vary between regions. Hence, only unique patterns of fluvial geomorphic response can be identified. As a result, unravelling the human impact from current-day sediment archives and predicting the impact of future human disturbances on fluvial sediment dynamics remain a major challenge. This has important implications for interpreting contemporary sediment yields as well as downstream sediment records in large floodplains, deltas and the marine

  5. SISTEMA FLUVIAL E PLANEJAMENTO LOCAL NO SEMIÁRIDO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonas Otaviano Praça de Souza

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio analiza un sistema fluvial semiárido y sus características físicas, centrándose en los procesos geomorfológicos y las formas resultantes, sino también en las relaciones con las actividades humanas, con el fin de utilizar dichos datos en la planificación local. La encuesta se llevó a cabo en el municipio de Belém do São Francisco, en Pernambuco, mesorregión del São Francisco en la cuenca del arroyo Mulungu, lugar expuesto a un clima semi-árido con lluvias de verano, y la cobertura del suelo con un predominio de la caatinga arbustiva abierta. Se tomó como procedimiento metodológico la cartografía geomorfológica a diferentes escalas y con diferentes énfasis, para evaluar la relación jerárquica entre los distintos compartimentos, sustratos geológicos y formas de uso de la tierra. De la información espacial obtenida en los distintos niveles de la cartografía detallada del sistema fluvial, se realizó una evaluación ambiental de la zona, teniendo como base la dinámica erosiva/deposicional a lo largo del canal y su relación con sus bancos. Se concluyó que las formas de acumulación en la llanura aluvial exhiben controles de origen antropogénico, vinculados a los tipos tradicionales de uso del suelo en la cuenca. Estos controles, como la construcción de represas a lo largo del canal, actúan cambiando a los procesos de creación de nuevas morfologías de depósito en el sistema fluvial, que a su vez comienzan a redefinir los tipos usos de la zona.

  6. Efeitos ambientais da produção de suínos ao ar livre: evolução e distribuição espacial das formas de P no solo e perdas de P na água de drenagem Environmental impact of outdoor pig production: soil P forms evolution spatial distribution and P losses in drainage waters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmo Horta

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A produção de suínos ao ar livre é considerada pelos consumidores como um modo de produção mais amigo do ambiente e do bem-estar animal. No entanto, os nutrientes contidos na ração e no "excreta" dos suínos são continuamente introduzidos no solo conduzindo a aumentos significativos desses nutrientes no solo, em especial do fósforo (P. Esta continua adição de P ao solo pode exceder a sua capacidade de retenção originando perdas significativas de P para as águas de drenagem e de escoamento superficial, contribuindo para a poluição difusa das águas superficiais. O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da produção de suínos ao ar livre sobre o teor em P do solo avaliando a sua distribuição espacial e temporal, e avaliar também a perda de P através das águas de drenagem interna do solo. A unidade experimental de produção de suínos ao ar livre deste trabalho tem 2.8 ha, um declive entre 5 e 30% e uma carga animal de 9 adultos / ha. Observou-se um aumento do P do solo, quer do P biodisponível (P Olsen, P-Ol quer do P inorgânico (Pi ou orgânico (Po. No Inverno observaram-se elevadas perdas de P por erosão e escoamento superficial, mas ao longo do tempo observou-se um aumento global do P no solo. Um teor em P-Ol > 20 mg kg-1 originou um aumento significativo na perda de P para as águas de drenagem interna. Melhores práticas de maneio da unidade experimental, bem como uma escolha da área de produção menos susceptível à erosão, conduzirão a uma prevenção nos riscos de perda de P e na eutrofização das águas superficiais.When compared with intensive indoor production, outdoor pig production is considered by consumers as the production system that causes the least negative environmental effects and contributes to animal welfare. Nevertheless, the continuous input of nutrients in food or pig excretions, increases soil nutrients levels, as is the case with phosphorus (P. This continuous soil P

  7. Combined fluvial and pluvial urban flood hazard analysis: method development and application to Can Tho City, Mekong Delta, Vietnam

    Science.gov (United States)

    Apel, H.; Trepat, O. M.; Hung, N. N.; Chinh, D. T.; Merz, B.; Dung, N. V.

    2015-08-01

    Many urban areas experience both fluvial and pluvial floods, because locations next to rivers are preferred settlement areas, and the predominantly sealed urban surface prevents infiltration and facilitates surface inundation. The latter problem is enhanced in cities with insufficient or non-existent sewer systems. While there are a number of approaches to analyse either fluvial or pluvial flood hazard, studies of combined fluvial and pluvial flood hazard are hardly available. Thus this study aims at the analysis of fluvial and pluvial flood hazard individually, but also at developing a method for the analysis of combined pluvial and fluvial flood hazard. This combined fluvial-pluvial flood hazard analysis is performed taking Can Tho city, the largest city in the Vietnamese part of the Mekong Delta, as example. In this tropical environment the annual monsoon triggered floods of the Mekong River can coincide with heavy local convective precipitation events causing both fluvial and pluvial flooding at the same time. Fluvial flood hazard was estimated with a copula based bivariate extreme value statistic for the gauge Kratie at the upper boundary of the Mekong Delta and a large-scale hydrodynamic model of the Mekong Delta. This provided the boundaries for 2-dimensional hydrodynamic inundation simulation for Can Tho city. Pluvial hazard was estimated by a peak-over-threshold frequency estimation based on local rain gauge data, and a stochastic rain storm generator. Inundation was simulated by a 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model implemented on a Graphical Processor Unit (GPU) for time-efficient flood propagation modelling. All hazards - fluvial, pluvial and combined - were accompanied by an uncertainty estimation considering the natural variability of the flood events. This resulted in probabilistic flood hazard maps showing the maximum inundation depths for a selected set of probabilities of occurrence, with maps showing the expectation (median) and the uncertainty by

  8. Suspended sediment transport trough a large fluvial-tidal channel network

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wright, Scott A.; Morgan-King, Tara L.

    2015-01-01

    The confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, CA, forms a large network of interconnected channels, referred to as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta). The Delta comprises the transition zone from the fluvial influences of the upstream rivers and tidal influences of San Francisco Bay downstream. Formerly an extensive tidal marsh, the hydrodynamics and geomorphology of Delta have been substantially modified by humans to support agriculture, navigation, and water supply. These modifications, including construction of new channels, diking and draining of tidal wetlands, dredging of navigation channels, and the operation of large pumping facilities for distribution of freshwater from the Delta to other parts of the state, have had a dramatic impact on the physical and ecological processes within the Delta. To better understand the current physical processes, and their linkages to ecological processes, the USGS maintains an extensive network of flow, sediment, and water quality gages in the Delta. Flow gaging is accomplished through use of the index-velocity method, and sediment monitoring uses turbidity as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentration. Herein, we present analyses of the transport and dispersal of suspended sediment through the complex network of channels in the Delta. The primary source of sediment to the Delta is the Sacramento River, which delivers pulses of sediment primarily during winter and spring runoff events. Upon reaching the Delta, the sediment pulses move through the fluvial-tidal transition while also encountering numerous channel junctions as the Sacramento River branches into several distributary channels. The monitoring network allows us to track these pulses through the network and document the dominant transport pathways for suspended sediment. Further, the flow gaging allows for an assessment of the relative effects of advection (the fluvial signal) and dispersion (from the tides) on the sediment pulses as they

  9. Mapping Variability in the Medusae Fossae Formation: Yardang Morphologies, Fluvial Reworking, and Crater Depth to Diameter Ratios

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khuller, A. R.; Kerber, L.

    2017-12-01

    The Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is a voluminous, fine-grained deposit thought to be of pyroclastic origin. While it contains widespread, well-preserved inverted fluvial features, its pervasive cover of dust means that little is known about its composition, and indirect means must be used to characterize its material properties. This project aims to correlate fluvial features in the Western MFF with other indicators of material strength: yardang morphology and crater depth-to-diameter ratios. For this work, Context Camera (CTX) images were used to map features of fluvial origin (inverted channels, sinuous ridges, alluvial fans). The presence of rounded, meso-yardangs in close proximity to fluvial features was also mapped. Crater depth-diameter (d/D) ratios (for craters 1-512km) were analyzed using a global Mars crater database (Robbins and Hynek, 2012) as a proxy for material strength. Approximately 1400 fluvial segments were mapped, with the most populous cluster located in Aeolis and Zephyria Plana. Rounded meso-yardangs were found to be common in areas that also have fluvial features. In agreement with previous work (Barlow, 1993), MFF craters were found to have a greater d/D ratio (0.0523) than the global mean (0.0511). Ratios between MFF lobes differ significantly, providing insight into the heterogeneity of induration within the formation. The deepest craters are found in Eumenides Dorsum and the shallowest in Aeolis Planum, consistent with a greater degree of induration and reworking in the western part of the formation where the fluvial features and "salt-playa" meso-yardangs are found. It also suggests that Eumenides, which is the tallest MFF outcrop, could also be the least compacted. The presence of long, complex, and sometimes overlapping branching networks imply multiple relative episodes of channel formation. Rounded meso-yardangs, which are associated with salt playa surfaces on Earth, provide additional evidence for the presence of liquid water

  10. AVALIAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE NO SISTEMA DE DRENAGEM PLUVIAL URBANA: O CASO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DAS MELANCIAS EM MONTES CLAROS – MG

    OpenAIRE

    Santos Júnior, Valdevino José dos

    2014-01-01

    A fragilidade de um sistema baseia-se em diferentes preceitos, podendo ser utilizada como diretiva em políticas públicas, visando o planejamento, o gerenciamento e a tomada de decisões. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a fragilidade na bacia hidrográfica do córrego das Melancias por meio da aplicação do Índice de Fragilidade do Sistema – IFS sob o sistema de drenagem pluvial urbana da referida bacia, se atentando a: i) identificar os elementos e as possíveis falhas d...

  11. ANTROPOGÊNESE E MORFOGÊNESE SOB A AÇÃO DE EVENTOS CLIMÁTICOS DE ALTA MAGNITUDE NO SEMIÁRIDO PERNAMBUCANO: O CASO DA BACIA DO RIACHO SALGADO

    OpenAIRE

    Antonio Carlos de Barros Corrêa

    2012-01-01

    Uma proposta de análise em escala de detalhe da morfologia de um sistema de drenagem intermitente e seus depósitos como resposta a um evento climático de alta magnitude, modulado pelas formas de uso da terra, foi aplicada a uma bacia semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil. A pesquisa teve por base o levantamento detalhado em campo das feições fluviais, associada ao tratamento digital dos dados espaciais e climáticos em gabinete, que permitiram a compartimentação do canal em três setores: confinado, ...

  12. Volcanogenic Fluvial-Lacustrine Environments in Iceland and Their Utility for Identifying Past Habitability on Mars

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claire Cousins

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available The search for once-habitable locations on Mars is increasingly focused on environments dominated by fluvial and lacustrine processes, such as those investigated by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. The availability of liquid water coupled with the potential longevity of such systems renders these localities prime targets for the future exploration of Martian biosignatures. Fluvial-lacustrine environments associated with basaltic volcanism are highly relevant to Mars, but their terrestrial counterparts have been largely overlooked as a field analogue. Such environments are common in Iceland, where basaltic volcanism interacts with glacial ice and surface snow to produce large volumes of meltwater within an otherwise cold and dry environment. This meltwater can be stored to create subglacial, englacial, and proglacial lakes, or be released as catastrophic floods and proglacial fluvial systems. Sedimentary deposits produced by the resulting fluvial-lacustrine activity are extensive, with lithologies dominated by basaltic minerals, low-temperature alteration assemblages (e.g., smectite clays, calcite, and amorphous, poorly crystalline phases (basaltic glass, palagonite, nanophase iron oxides. This paper reviews examples of these environments, including their sedimentary deposits and microbiology, within the context of utilising these localities for future Mars analogue studies and instrument testing.

  13. Volcanogenic fluvial-lacustrine environments in iceland and their utility for identifying past habitability on Mars.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cousins, Claire

    2015-02-16

    The search for once-habitable locations on Mars is increasingly focused on environments dominated by fluvial and lacustrine processes, such as those investigated by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. The availability of liquid water coupled with the potential longevity of such systems renders these localities prime targets for the future exploration of Martian biosignatures. Fluvial-lacustrine environments associated with basaltic volcanism are highly relevant to Mars, but their terrestrial counterparts have been largely overlooked as a field analogue. Such environments are common in Iceland, where basaltic volcanism interacts with glacial ice and surface snow to produce large volumes of meltwater within an otherwise cold and dry environment. This meltwater can be stored to create subglacial, englacial, and proglacial lakes, or be released as catastrophic floods and proglacial fluvial systems. Sedimentary deposits produced by the resulting fluvial-lacustrine activity are extensive, with lithologies dominated by basaltic minerals, low-temperature alteration assemblages (e.g., smectite clays, calcite), and amorphous, poorly crystalline phases (basaltic glass, palagonite, nanophase iron oxides). This paper reviews examples of these environments, including their sedimentary deposits and microbiology, within the context of utilising these localities for future Mars analogue studies and instrument testing.

  14. Study on detailed geological modelling for fluvial sandstone reservoir in Daqing oil field

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao Hanqing; Fu Zhiguo; Lu Xiaoguang [Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Daqing (China)

    1997-08-01

    Guided by the sedimentation theory and knowledge of modern and ancient fluvial deposition and utilizing the abundant information of sedimentary series, microfacies type and petrophysical parameters from well logging curves of close spaced thousands of wells located in a large area. A new method for establishing detailed sedimentation and permeability distribution models for fluvial reservoirs have been developed successfully. This study aimed at the geometry and internal architecture of sandbodies, in accordance to their hierarchical levels of heterogeneity and building up sedimentation and permeability distribution models of fluvial reservoirs, describing the reservoir heterogeneity on the light of the river sedimentary rules. The results and methods obtained in outcrop and modem sedimentation studies have successfully supported the study. Taking advantage of this method, the major producing layers (PI{sub 1-2}), which have been considered as heterogeneous and thick fluvial reservoirs extending widely in lateral are researched in detail. These layers are subdivided into single sedimentary units vertically and the microfacies are identified horizontally. Furthermore, a complex system is recognized according to their hierarchical levels from large to small, meander belt, single channel sandbody, meander scroll, point bar, and lateral accretion bodies of point bar. The achieved results improved the description of areal distribution of point bar sandbodies, provide an accurate and detailed framework model for establishing high resolution predicting model. By using geostatistic technique, it also plays an important role in searching for enriched zone of residual oil distribution.

  15. Variables and potential models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial environments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gray, Harrison J.; Mahan, Shannon

    2015-01-01

    Luminescence dating of fluvial sediments rests on the assumption that sufficient sunlight is available to remove a previously obtained signal in a process deemed bleaching. However, luminescence signals obtained from sediment in the active channels of rivers often contain residual signals. This paper explores and attempts to build theoretical models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial settings. We present two models, one for sediment transported in an episodic manner, such as flood-driven washes in arid environments, and one for sediment transported in a continuous manner, such as in large continental scale rivers. The episodic flow model assumes that the majority of sediment is bleached while exposed to sunlight at the near surface between flood events and predicts a power-law decay in luminescence signal with downstream transport distance. The continuous flow model is developed by combining the Beer–Lambert law for the attenuation of light through a water column with a general-order kinetics equation to produce an equation with the form of a double negative exponential. The inflection point of this equation is compared with the sediment concentration from a Rouse profile to derive a non-dimensional number capable of assessing the likely extent of bleaching for a given set of luminescence and fluvial parameters. Although these models are theoretically based and not yet necessarily applicable to real-world fluvial systems, we introduce these ideas to stimulate discussion and encourage the development of comprehensive bleaching models with predictive power.

  16. A multi-scale approach of fluvial biogeomorphic dynamics using photogrammetry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hortobágyi, Borbála; Corenblit, Dov; Vautier, Franck; Steiger, Johannes; Roussel, Erwan; Burkart, Andreas; Peiry, Jean-Luc

    2017-11-01

    Over the last twenty years, significant technical advances turned photogrammetry into a relevant tool for the integrated analysis of biogeomorphic cross-scale interactions within vegetated fluvial corridors, which will largely contribute to the development and improvement of self-sustainable river restoration efforts. Here, we propose a cost-effective, easily reproducible approach based on stereophotogrammetry and Structure from Motion (SfM) technique to study feedbacks between fluvial geomorphology and riparian vegetation at different nested spatiotemporal scales. We combined different photogrammetric methods and thus were able to investigate biogeomorphic feedbacks at all three spatial scales (i.e., corridor, alluvial bar and micro-site) and at three different temporal scales, i.e., present, recent past and long term evolution on a diversified riparian landscape mosaic. We evaluate the performance and the limits of photogrammetric methods by targeting a set of fundamental parameters necessary to study biogeomorphic feedbacks at each of the three nested spatial scales and, when possible, propose appropriate solutions. The RMSE varies between 0.01 and 2 m depending on spatial scale and photogrammetric methods. Despite some remaining difficulties to properly apply them with current technologies under all circumstances in fluvial biogeomorphic studies, e.g. the detection of vegetation density or landform topography under a dense vegetation canopy, we suggest that photogrammetry is a promising instrument for the quantification of biogeomorphic feedbacks at nested spatial scales within river systems and for developing appropriate river management tools and strategies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Environmental changes in the central Po Plain (northern Italy) due to fluvial modifications and anthropogenic activities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marchetti, Mauro

    2002-05-01

    The fluvial environment of the central Po Plain, the largest plain in Italy, is discussed in this paper. Bounded by the mountain chains of the Alps and the Apennines, this plain is a link between the Mediterranean environment and the cultural and continental influences of both western and eastern Europe. In the past decades, economic development has been responsible for many changes in the fluvial environment of the area. This paper discusses the changes in fluvial dynamics that started from Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene due to distinct climatic changes. The discussion is based on geomorphological, pedological, and archaeological evidences and radiocarbon dating. In the northern foothills, Late Pleistocene palaeochannels indicate several cases of underfit streams among the northern tributaries of the River Po. On the other hand, on the southern side of the Po Plain, no geomorphological evidence of similar discharge reduction has been found. Here, stratigraphic sections, together with archaeological remains buried under the fluvial deposits, show a reduction in the size of fluvial sediments after the 10th millennium BC. During the Holocene, fluvial sedimentation became finer, and was characterised by minor fluctuations in the rate of deposition, probably related to short and less intense climatic fluctuations. Given the high rate of population growth and the development of human activities since the Neolithic Age, human influence on fluvial dynamics, especially since the Roman Age, prevailed over other factors (i.e., climate, tectonics, vegetation, etc.). During the Holocene, the most important changes in the Po Plain were not modifications in water discharge but in sediment. From the 1st to 3rd Century AD, land grants to war veterans caused almost complete deforestation, generalised soil erosion, and maximum progradation of the River Po delta. At present, land abandonment in the mountainous region has led to reafforestation. Artificial channel control in the

  18. Analytically based forward and inverse models of fluvial landscape evolution during temporally continuous climatic and tectonic variations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goren, Liran; Petit, Carole

    2017-04-01

    Fluvial channels respond to changing tectonic and climatic conditions by adjusting their patterns of erosion and relief. It is therefore expected that by examining these patterns, we can infer the tectonic and climatic conditions that shaped the channels. However, the potential interference between climatic and tectonic signals complicates this inference. Within the framework of the stream power model that describes incision rate of mountainous bedrock rivers, climate variability has two effects: it influences the erosive power of the river, causing local slope change, and it changes the fluvial response time that controls the rate at which tectonically and climatically induced slope breaks are communicated upstream. Because of this dual role, the fluvial response time during continuous climate change has so far been elusive, which hinders our understanding of environmental signal propagation and preservation in the fluvial topography. An analytic solution of the stream power model during general tectonic and climatic histories gives rise to a new definition of the fluvial response time. The analytic solution offers accurate predictions for landscape evolution that are hard to achieve with classical numerical schemes and thus can be used to validate and evaluate the accuracy of numerical landscape evolution models. The analytic solution together with the new definition of the fluvial response time allow inferring either the tectonic history or the climatic history from river long profiles by using simple linear inversion schemes. Analytic study of landscape evolution during periodic climate change reveals that high frequency (10-100 kyr) climatic oscillations with respect to the response time, such as Milankovitch cycles, are not expected to leave significant fingerprints in the upstream reaches of fluvial channels. Linear inversion schemes are applied to the Tinee river tributaries in the southern French Alps, where tributary long profiles are used to recover the

  19. Does deposition depth control the OSL bleaching of fluvial sediment?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cunningham, A. C.; Wallinga, J.; Hobo, N.; Versendaal, A. J.; Makaske, B.; Middelkoop, H.

    2014-01-01

    The Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) signal from fluvial sediment often contains a remnant from the previous deposition cycle, leading to a partially bleached equivalent-dose distribution. Although identification of the burial dose is of primary concern, the degree of bleaching could

  20. Stability of Fluvial and Gravity-flow Antidunes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fedele, J. J.; Hoyal, D. C. J. D.; Demko, T. M.

    2017-12-01

    Antidunes develop as a consequence of interface (free surface) deformation and sediment transport feedback in supercritical flows. Fluvial (open-channel flow) antidunes have been studied extensively in the laboratory and the field, and recognized in ancient sedimentary deposits. Experiments on gravity flow (turbidity and density currents) antidunes indicate that they are more stable and long-lived than their fluvial counterpart but the mechanism controlling this stability is poorly understood. Sea floor bathymetric and subsurface data suggest that large-scale, antidune-like sediment waves are extremely common in deep-water, found in a wide range of settings and sediment characteristics. While most of these large features have been interpreted as cyclic steps, the term has been most likely overused due to the lack of recognition criteria and basic understanding on the differences between antidunes and cyclic steps formed under gravity flows. In principle, cyclic steps should be more common in confined or channel-lobe transition settings where flows tend to be more energetic or focused, while antidunes should prevail in regions of less confinement, under sheet-like or expanding flows. Using published, fluvial stable-antidune data, we show that the simplified 1D, mechanical-energy based analysis of flow over a localized fixed obstacle (Long, 1954; Baines, 1995; Kubo and Yokokawa, 2001) is inaccurate for representing flow over antidunes and their stability. Instead, a more detailed analysis of a flow along a long-wavelength (in relation to flow thickness) wavy bed that also considers the interactions between flow and sediment transport is used to infer conditions of antidune stability and the breaking of surface waves. In particular, the position of the surface wave crest in relation to the bedform crest, along with the role of average flow velocity, surface velocity, and surface wave celerity appear relevant in determining antidune instability. The analysis is

  1. Nove interpretacije fluvialnih sedimentov na krasu = New interpretations of fluvial sediments from the Kras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrej Mihevc

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Important unroofed caves with fluvial sediments from Divaški kras, Matarsko podoljePodgorski kras are presented. Extend of the phenomena and relation to the existingand karst surface and geomorphological meaning of them are described. Sedimentsthem were analysed and dated with different methods. The largest age of the sedimentfound in the unroofed cave excavated in Črnotiče quarry. In the cave wall fossil remainsstygobiont Marifugia cavatica were covered by 3.2-4.1 Ma old fluvial sediments.

  2. Precambrian fluvial deposits: Enigmatic palaeohydrological data from the c. 2 1.9 Ga Waterberg Group, South Africa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eriksson, Patrick G.; Bumby, Adam J.; Brümer, Jacobus J.; van der Neut, Markus

    2006-08-01

    Precambrian fluvial systems, lacking the influence of rooted vegetation, probably were characterised by flashy surface runoff, low bank stability, broad channels with abundant bedload, and faster rates of channel migration; consequently, a braided fluvial style is generally accepted. Pre-vegetational braided river systems, active under highly variable palaeoclimatic conditions, may have been more widespread than are modern, ephemeral dry-land braided systems. Aeolian deflation of fine fluvial detritus does not appear to have been prevalent. With the onset of large cratons by the Neoarchaean-Palaeoproterozoic, very large, perennial braided river systems became typical. The c. 2.06-1.88 Ga Waterberg Group, preserved within a Main and a smaller Middelburg basin on the Kaapvaal craton, was deposited largely by alluvial/braided-fluvial and subordinate palaeo-desert environments, within fault-bounded, possibly pull-apart type depositories. Palaeohydrological data obtained from earlier work in the Middelburg basin (Wilgerivier Formation) are compared to such data derived from the correlated Blouberg Formation, situated along the NE margin of the Main basin. Within the preserved Blouberg depository, palaeohydrological parameters estimated from clast size and cross-bed set thickness data, exhibit rational changes in their values, either in a down-palaeocurrent direction, or from inferred basin margin to palaeo-basin centre. In both the Wilgerivier and Blouberg Formations, calculated palaeoslope values (derived from two separate formulae) plot within the gap separating typical alluvial fan gradients from those which characterise rivers (cf. [Blair, T.C., McPherson, J.G., 1994. Alluvial fans and their natural distinction from rivers based on morphology, hydraulic processes, sedimentary processes, and facies assemblages. J. Sediment. Res. A64, 450-489.]). Although it may be argued that such data support possibly unique fluvial styles within the Precambrian, perhaps related to

  3. Hidrogeoquímica de Metais em Água Fluvial: Fontes Geológicas Graníticas e Gnáissicas - Bacia do Rio Paquequer, Teresópolis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Semiramis Silveira

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available A bacia de drenagem do rio Paquequer (269 km² faz parte da região hidrográfica do rio Paraíba do Sul e situa-se no município de Teresópolis no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A sua litologia é representativa dos granitos e gnaisses da Região Sudeste do Brasil. Objetiva-se avaliar o processo de intemperismo destas rochas e a mobilidade dos elementos químicos através da hidrogeoquímica fluvial. Foram amostrados 15 pontos fluviais (com medição de vazão e parâmetros físico-químicos sendo 9 no canal principal e 6 nos principais afluentes. As amostras foram analisadas por ICP-MS para Si, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Ba, Rb, Sr, Pb, Cd e Co e por cromatografia de íons para Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ e Ca2+. Dados da literatura referentes à composição elementar destas rochas foram utilizados. A hidrogeoquímica fluvial é dominada por Na, Ca e Si. Os metais Pb, Cd, Co e Cr apresentaram valores muito baixos refletindo a baixa abundância nas rochas e a inexistência de fontes antrópicas industriais. As concentrações encontradas para os elementos Ni, Zn e Cu foram baixas e relacionadas ao núcleo urbano. A análise estatística multivariada mostrou 4 grupos principais, sendo utilizado o grupo 2 (pontos do médio e baixo curso do canal principal para a estimativa de intemperismo. A composição geoquímica da Unidade Rio Negro (migmatito influenciou a hidrogeoquímica através da razão Mg/Fe, maior no afluente que drena esta litologia. A carga fluvial indicou a fonte principal litológica para Si, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba e Rb. A estimativa de taxa de intemperismo indicou 3 grupos de elementos: i os muito móveis (Ca e Sr; ii os pouco móveis (Mg, K, Mn, Rb, Ba e Si e iii os imóveis (Fe e Al. Desta forma sugere-se que o plagioclásio (com Ca e Sr na sua estrutura é o primeiro mineral a ser dissolvido e lixiviado na água percolante no perfil de intemperismo, seguido pelo K-feldspato e biotita. Parte do Si é retida para a cristalização de minerais

  4. Fluvial landscape development in the southwestern Kalahari during the Holocene - Chronology and provenance of fluvial deposits in the Molopo Canyon

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ramisch, Arne; Bens, Oliver; Buylaert, Jan-Pieter

    2017-01-01

    are sparse and often discontinuous. Hence, little is known about Holocene environmental change in this region. This study focuses on reconstructing paleoenvironmental change from the timing and provenance of fluvial deposits located within the Molopo Canyon, which connects the southern Kalahari drainage...... to the deposition of alluvial fills. These results suggest that the southern Kalahari Drainage remained endorheic and therefore disconnected from the Orange River throughout the Holocene....

  5. Late Cenozoic fluvial successions in northern and western India: an overview and synthesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sinha, R.; Kumar, R.; Sinha, S.; Tandon, S. K.; Gibling, M. R.

    2007-11-01

    Late Cenozoic fluvial successions are widespread in India. They include the deposits of the Siwalik basin which represent the accumulations of the ancient river systems of the Himalayan foreland basin. Palaeomagnetic studies reveal that fluvial architecture and styles of deposition were controlled by Himalayan tectonics as well as by major climatic fluctuations during the long (∼13 Ma) span of formation. The Indo-Gangetic plains form the world's most extensive Quaternary alluvial plains, and display spatially variable controls on sedimentation: Himalayan tectonics in the frontal parts, climate in the middle reaches, and eustasy in the lower reaches close to the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta. Climatic effects were mediated by strong fluctuations in the SW Indian Monsoon, and Himalayan rivers occupy deep valleys in the western Ganga plains where stream power is high, cut in part during early Holocene monsoon intensification; the broad interfluves record the simultaneous aggradation of plains-fed rivers since ∼100 ka. The eastward increase in precipitation across the Ganga Plains results in rivers with low stream power and a very high sediment flux, resulting in an aggradational mode and little incision. The river deposits of semi-arid to arid western India form important archives of Quaternary climate change through their intercalation with the eolian deposits of the Thar Desert. Although the synthesis documents strong variability-both spatial and temporal-in fluvial stratigraphy, climatic events such as the decline in precipitation during the Last Glacial Maximum and monsoon intensification in the early Holocene have influenced fluvial dynamics throughout the region.

  6. "The Waters of Meridiani" - Further Support for a Fluvial Interpretation of the Ridged, Layered Units

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilkinson, Justin; Kreslavsky, Misha

    2009-01-01

    A relatively unknown terrestrial fluvial environment, the mesoscale megafan, provides analogs for various Martian landscapes, including the etched unit (etched unit, Unite E of Arvidson et al., 2003; ridge-forming unit R of Edgett, 2005) of the Sinus Meridiani region on Mars. A global survey of Earth shows that megafans are very large partial cones of dominantly fluvial sediment with radii on the order of hundreds of km, and very low slopes. Responsible fluvial processes are sufficiently different from those of classical arid alluvial fans and deltas that it is useful to class megafans as separate features. The megafan model calls into question two commonly held ideas. 1. Earth examples prove that topographic basins per se are unnecessary for the accumulation of large sedimentary bodies. 2. River channels are by no means restricted to valleys (Meridiani sediments are termed a "valley-ed volume" of Edgett). These perspectives reveal unexpected parallels with features at Meridiani-several channel-like features that are widespread, mostly as ridges inverted by eolian erosion; channel networks covering thousands of sq km, especially on intercrater plains; and regional relationships of sediment bodies situated immediately downstream of highland masses. These all suggest that fluvial explanations are at least part of the Meridiani story.

  7. Beaver ponds' impact on fluvial processes (Beskid Niski Mts., SE Poland).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giriat, Dorota; Gorczyca, Elżbieta; Sobucki, Mateusz

    2016-02-15

    Beaver (Castor sp.) can change the riverine environment through dam-building and other activities. The European beaver (Castor fiber) was extirpated in Poland by the nineteenth century, but populations are again present as a result of reintroductions that began in 1974. The goal of this paper is to assess the impact of beaver activity on montane fluvial system development by identifying and analysing changes in channel and valley morphology following expansion of beaver into a 7.5 km-long headwater reach of the upper Wisłoka River in southeast Poland. We document the distribution of beaver in the reach, the change in river profile, sedimentation type and storage in beaver ponds, and assess how beaver dams and ponds have altered channel and valley bottom morphology. The upper Wisłoka River fluvial system underwent a series of anthropogenic disturbances during the last few centuries. The rapid spread of C. fiber in the upper Wisłoka River valley was promoted by the valley's morphology, including a low-gradient channel and silty-sand deposits in the valley bottom. At the time of our survey (2011), beaver ponds occupied 17% of the length of the study reach channel. Two types of beaver dams were noted: in-channel dams and valley-wide dams. The primary effect of dams, investigated in an intensively studied 300-m long subreach (Radocyna Pond), was a change in the longitudinal profile from smooth to stepped, a local reduction of the water surface slope, and an increase in the variability of both the thalweg profile and surface water depths. We estimate the current rate of sedimentation in beaver ponds to be about 14 cm per year. A three-stage scheme of fluvial processes in the longitudinal and transverse profile of the river channel is proposed. C. fiber reintroduction may be considered as another important stage of the upper Wisłoka fluvial system development. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Fluvial sediment inputs to upland gravel bed rivers draining forested catchments: potential ecological impacts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. D. Marks

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available As identified by the detailed long-term monitoring networks at Plynlimon, increased sediment supply to upland fluvial systems is often associated with forestry land-use and practice. Literature is reviewed, in the light of recent results from Plynlimon sediment studies, to enable identification of the potential ecological impacts of fluvial particulate inputs to upland gravel bed rivers draining forested catchments similar to the headwaters of the River Severn. Both sediment transport and deposition can have significant impacts upon aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates and plants.

  9. Dose response of artificial irradiation of fluvial sediment sample for ESR dating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Chunru; Yin Gongming; Gao Lu; Li Jianping; Han Fei; Lin Min

    2011-01-01

    ESR dating samples need be irradiated to obtain dose response curve and the equivalent dose. The artificial dose rate is about 1 x 10 -1 -1 x 10 2 Gy/min, whereas the natural dose rate is about 3 Gy/ka. Therefore, one must be sure whether the much higher artificial dose rate is suitable for the ESR dating study. In this paper, we use different artificial dose rate to irradiate the same fluvial sample and measure the quartz Al centre ESR signal under the same conditions. The dose response curves are compared, in an attempt to gain a preliminary knowledge on that problem and build a good foundation for our ESR dating studies on fluvial samples. (authors)

  10. Morfologia e aspectos hidrológicos da bacia hidrográfica do rio Preto, divisa dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Minas Gerais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelci Olszevski

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, determinaram-se as características morfométricas do relevo e da rede de drenagem da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Preto, com a finalidade de prever do comportamento hidrológico da área. A partir da delimitação da área da bacia, da digitalização das curvas de nível e do sistema de drenagem, foram obtidas características geométricas do relevo e da hidrografia da BHRP e das suas seis sub-bacias. Concluiu-se que a área apresentava forma alongada e estreita, aliada a uma alta densidade de drenagem, evidenciando menor possibilidade de ocorrência de cheias. Porém, foram observadas enchentes justificadas pelos solos rasos, pelos intensos processos de desmatamento e uso da terra e pelo relevo acidentado, sendo 73,1% da área caracterizada como de relevo forte-ondulado a montanhoso. Quanto às sub-bacias, verificou-se que em todas essas unidades menos de 28% da área era compreendida de relevo plano, facilitando a erosão hídrica.

  11. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological controls governing formation of fluvial levees

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johnston, G. H.; Edmonds, D. A.; David, S. R.; Czuba, J. A.

    2017-12-01

    Fluvial levees are familiar features found on the margins of river channels, yet we know little about what controls their presence, height, and shape. These attributes of levees are important because they control sediment transfer from channel to floodplain and flooding patterns along a river system. Despite the familiarity and importance of levees, there is a surprising lack of basic geomorphic data on fluvial levees. Because of this we seek to understand: 1) where along rivers do levees tend to occur?; 2) what geomorphic and hydrodynamic variables control cross-sectional shape of levees? We address these questions by extracting levee shape from LiDAR data and by collecting hydrodynamic and sedimentological data from reaches of the Tippecanoe River, the White River, and the Muscatatuck River, Indiana, USA. Fluvial levees are extracted from a 1.5-m resolution LiDAR bare surface model and compared to hydrological, sedimentological, and geomorphological data from USGS stream gages. We digitized banklines and extracted levee cross-sections to calculate levee slope, taper, height, e-folding length, and e-folding width. To answer the research questions, we performed a multivariable regression between the independent variables—channel geometry, sediment grain size and concentration, flooding conditions, and slope—and the dependent levee variables. We find considerable variation in levee presence and shape in our field data. On the Muscatatuck River levees occur on 30% of the banks compared to 10% on the White River. Moreover, levees on the Muscatatuck are on average 3 times wider than the White River. This is consistent with the observation that the Muscatatuck is finer-grained compared to the White River and points to sedimentology being an important control on levee geomorphology. Future work includes building a morphodynamic model to understand how different hydrodynamic and geomorphic conditions control levee geometry.

  12. Two depositional models for Pliocene coastal plain fluvial systems, Goliad Formation, south Texas Gulf Coastal plain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoel, H.D.; Galloway, W.E.

    1983-01-01

    The Goliad Formation consists of four depositional systems-the Realitos and Mathis bed-load fluvial systems in the southwest and the Cuero and Eagle Lake mixed-load fluvial systems in the northeast. Five facies are recognized in the Realitos and Mathis bed-load fluvial systems: (1) primary channel-fill facies, (2) chaotic flood channel-fill facies, (3) complex splay facies, (4) flood plain facies, and (5) playa facies. A model for Realitos-Mathis depositional environments shows arid-climate braided stream complexes with extremely coarse sediment load, highly variable discharge, and marked channel instability. Broad, shallow, straight to slightly sinuous primary channels were flanked by wide flood channels. Flood channels passed laterally into broad, low-relief flood plains. Small playas occupied topographic lows near large channel axes. Three facies are recognized in the Cuero and Eagle Lake mixed-load fluvial systems: (1) channel-fill facies, (2) crevasse splay facies, and (3) flood plain facies. A model for Cuero-Eagle Lake depositional environments shows coarse-grained meander belts in a semi-arid climate. Slightly to moderately sinuous meandering streams were flanked by low, poorly developed natural levees. Crevasse splays were common, but tended to be broad and ill-defined. Extensive, low-relief flood plains occupied interaxial areas. The model proposed for the Realitos and Mathis fluvial systems may aid in recognition of analogous ancient depositional systems. In addition, since facies characteristics exercise broad controls on Goliad uranium mineralization, the proposed depositional models aid in defining target zones for Goliad uranium exploration

  13. Salmon habitat use, tidal-fluvial estuary - Columbia River Estuary Tidal Habitats

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The goal of the tidal-fluvial estuary study is to determine the estuary's contribution to the spatial structure and life history diversity of Columbia River salmon...

  14. Reconstructing paleo-discharge from geometries of fluvial sinuous ridges on Earth and Mars

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hayden, A.; Lamb, M. P.; Mohrig, D. C.; Williams, R. M. E.; Myrow, P.; Ewing, R. C.; Cardenas, B. T.; Findlay, C. P., III

    2017-12-01

    Sinuous, branching networks of topographic ridges resembling river networks are common across Mars, and show promise for quantifying ancient martian surface hydrology. There are two leading formation mechanisms for ridges with a fluvial origin. Inverted channels are ridges that represent casts (e.g., due to lava fill) of relict river channel topography, whereas exhumed channel deposits are eroded remnants of a more extensive fluvial deposit, such as a channel belt. The inverted channel model is often assumed on Mars; however, we currently lack the ability to distinguish these ridge formation mechanisms, motivating the need for Earth-analog study. To address this issue, we studied the extensive networks of sinuous ridges in the Ebro basin of northeast Spain. The Ebro ridges stand 3-15 meters above the surrounding plains and are capped by a cliff-forming sandstone unit 3-10 meters thick and 20-50 meters in breadth. The caprock sandstone bodies contain bar-scale cross stratification, point-bar deposits, levee deposits, and lenses of mudstone, indicating that these are channel-belt deposits, rather than casts of channels formed from lateral channel migration, avulsion and reoccupation. In plan view, ridges form segments branching outward to the north resembling a distributary network; however, crosscutting relationships indicate that ridges cross at different stratigraphic levels. Thus, the apparent network in planview reflects non-uniform exhumation of channel-belt deposits from multiple stratigraphic positions, rather than an inverted coeval river network. As compared to the inverted channel model, exhumed fluvial deposits indicate persistent fluvial activity over geologic timescales, indicating the potential for long-lived surface water on ancient Mars.

  15. Anguilles estuariennes et fluviales : apports de l'otolithométrie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MOUNAIX B.

    1994-10-01

    La zonation de l'otolithe, interprétée par rapport à la croissance des poissons, décrit deux écotypes dans la population d'anguilles de la Vilaine : un écotype fluvial dont la croissance est perturbée et ralentie, et un écotype estuarien dont la croissance est plus régulière. Cette partition de la population est cohérente avec les caractéristiques environnementales des deux milieux. Elle pourrait par ailleurs constituer un indice de l'impact des aménagements des bassins versants sur la croissance, la durée du cycle biologique et la dynamique des populations d'anguilles. Il apparaît alors nécessaire de considérer séparément les sous-unités estuariennes et fluviales des stocks d'anguilles des bassins versants de la Vilaine et de la Loire, en particulier pour étudier la diminution des abondances.

  16. Late Holocene lowland fluvial archives and geoarchaeology : Utrecht's case study of Rhine river abandonment under Roman and Medieval settlement

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Dinter, M.; Cohen, K.M.; Hoek, W.Z.; Stouthamer, E.; Jansma, E.; Middelkoop, H.

    2017-01-01

    Fluvial lowlands have become attractive human settling areas all around the world over the last few millennia. Because rivers kept changing their course and networks due to avulsion, the sedimentary sequences in these areas are archives of both fluvial geomorphological and archaeological

  17. Pre- and post-remediation characterization of acid-generating fluvial tailings material

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Kathleen S.; Walton-Day, Katherine; Hoal, Karin O.; Driscoll, Rhonda L.; Pietersen, K.

    2012-01-01

    The upper Arkansas River south of Leadville, Colorado, USA, contains deposits of fluvial tailings from historical mining operations in the Leadville area. These deposits are potential non-point sources of acid and metal contamination to surface- and groundwater systems. We are investigating a site that recently underwent in situ remediation treatment with lime, fertilizer, and compost. Pre- and post-remediation fluvial tailings material was collected from a variety of depths to examine changes in mineralogy, acid generation, and extractable nutrients. Results indicate sufficient nutrient availability in the post-remediation near-surface material, but pyrite and acid generation persist below the depth of lime and fertilizer addition. Mineralogical characterization performed using semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction and quantitative SEM-based micro-mineralogy (Mineral Liberation Analysis, MLA) reveal formation of gypsum, jarosite, and complex coatings surrounding mineral grains in post-remediation samples.

  18. Produção de refeições e alterações nutricionais nos alimentos

    OpenAIRE

    Torres, Duarte

    2009-01-01

    Durante a produção de refeições, o conteúdo nutricional dos alimentos pode decrescer devido à alteraçãoou degradação química dos nutrientes, ou devido à solubilização e drenagem dos nutrientes dos alimentos para o meio de confecção. Por outro lado, o processamento altera a matriz do alimento original,promovendo o aumento da biodisponibilidade de alguns nutrientes e fitoquímicos. Uma correcta compreensão destes dois fenómenos contribuirá para uma melhor estimativa de ingestão de nutrientes e d...

  19. Introduction to the special issue on discontinuity of fluvial systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burchsted, Denise; Daniels, Melinda; Wohl, Ellen E.

    2014-01-01

    Fluvial systems include natural and human-created barriers that modify local base level; as such, these discontinuities alter the longitudinal flux of water and sediment by storing, releasing, or changing the flow path of those materials. Even in the absence of distinct barriers, fluvial systems are typically discontinuous and patchy. The size of fluvial discontinuities ranges across scales from 100 m, such as riffles, to 104 m, such as lava dams or major landslides. The frequency of occurrence appears to be inversely related to size, with creation and failure of the small features, such as beaver dams, occurring on a time scale of 100 to 101 years and a frequency of occurrence at scales as low as 101 m. In contrast, larger scale discontinuities, such as lava dams, can last for time scales up to 105 years and have a frequency of occurrence of approximately 104 m. The heterogeneity generated by features is an essential part of river networks and should be considered as part of river management. Therefore, we suggest that "natural" dams are a useful analog for human dams when evaluating options for river restoration. This collection of papers on the studies of natural dams includes bedrock barriers, log jams and beaver dams. The collection also addresses the discontinuity generated by a floodplain — in the absence of an obvious barrier in the channel — and tools for evaluation of riverbed heterogeneity. It is completed with a study of impact of human dams on floodplain sedimentation. These papers will help geomorphologists and river managers understand the factors that control river heterogeneity across scales and around the world.

  20. A laser profilometry technique for monitoring fluvial dike breaching in laboratory experiments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dewals, Benjamin; Rifai, Ismail; Erpicum, Sébastien; Archambeau, Pierre; Violeau, Damien; Pirotton, Michel; El kadi Abderrezzak, Kamal

    2017-04-01

    A challenging aspect for experimental modelling of fluvial dike breaching is the continuous monitoring of the transient breach geometry. In dam breaching cases induced by flow overtopping over the whole breach crest (plane erosion), a side view through a glass wall is sufficient to monitor the breach formation. This approach can be extended for 3D dam breach tests (spatial erosion) if the glass wall is located along the breach centreline. In contrast, using a side view does not apply for monitoring fluvial dike breaching, because the breach is not symmetric in this case. We present a non-intrusive, high resolution technique to record the breach development in experimental models of fluvial dikes by means of a laser profilometry (Rifai et al. 2016). Most methods used for monitoring dam and dike breaching involve the projection of a pattern (fringes, grid) on the dam or dike body and the analysis of its deformation on images recorded during the breaching (e.g., Pickert et al. 2011, Frank and Hager 2014). A major limitation of these methods stems from reflection on the water surface, particularly in the vicinity of the breach where the free surface is irregular and rippled. This issue was addressed by Spinewine et al. (2004), who used a single laser sheet so that reflections on the water surface were strongly limited and did not hamper the accurate processing of each image. We have developed a similar laser profilometry technique tailored for laboratory experiments on fluvial dike breaching. The setup is simple and relatively low cost. It consists of a digital video camera (resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels at 60 frames per second) and a swiping red diode 30 mW laser that enables the projection of a laser sheet over the dike body. The 2D image coordinates of each deformed laser profile incident on the dike are transformed into 3D object coordinates using the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) algorithm. All 3D object coordinates computed over a swiping cycle of the

  1. Examining fluvial fish range loss with SDMs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taylor, Andrew T.; Papeş, Monica; Long, James M.

    2018-01-01

    Fluvial fishes face increased imperilment from anthropogenic activities, but the specific factors contributing most to range declines are often poorly understood. For example, the range of the fluvial‐specialist shoal bass (Micropterus cataractae) continues to decrease, yet how perceived threats have contributed to range loss is largely unknown. We used species distribution models to determine which factors contributed most to shoal bass range loss. We estimated a potential distribution based on natural abiotic factors and a series of currently occupied distributions that incorporated variables characterizing land cover, non‐native species, and river fragmentation intensity (no fragmentation, dams only, and dams and large impoundments). We allowed interspecific relationships between non‐native congeners and shoal bass to vary across fragmentation intensities. Results from the potential distribution model estimated shoal bass presence throughout much of their native basin, whereas models of currently occupied distribution showed that range loss increased as fragmentation intensified. Response curves from models of currently occupied distribution indicated a potential interaction between fragmentation intensity and the relationship between shoal bass and non‐native congeners, wherein non‐natives may be favored at the highest fragmentation intensity. Response curves also suggested that >100 km of interconnected, free‐flowing stream fragments were necessary to support shoal bass presence. Model evaluation, including an independent validation, suggested that models had favorable predictive and discriminative abilities. Similar approaches that use readily available, diverse, geospatial data sets may deliver insights into the biology and conservation needs of other fluvial species facing similar threats.

  2. Deciphering Fluvial-Capture-Induced Erosional Patterns at the Continental Scale on the Iberian Peninsula

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anton, L.; Munoz Martin, A.; De Vicente, G.; Finnegan, N. J.

    2017-12-01

    The process of river incision into bedrock dictates the landscape response to changes in climate and bedrock uplift in most unglaciated settings. Hence, understanding processes of river incision into bedrock and their topographic signatures are a basic goal of geomorphology. Formerly closed drainage basins provide an exceptional setting for the quantification of long term fluvial dissection and landscape change, making them valuable natural laboratories. Internally drained basins are peculiar because they trap all the sediment eroded within the watershed; as closed systems they do not respond to the base level of the global ocean and deposition is the dominant process. In that context, the opening of an outward drainage involves a sudden lowering of the base level, which is transmitted upstream along fluvial channels in the form of erosional waves, leading to high incision and denudation rates within the intrabasinal areas. Through digital topographic analysis and paleolandscape reconstruction based on relict deposits and landscapes on the Iberian Peninsula, we quantify the volume of sediments eroded from formerly internally drained basins since capture. Mapping of fluvial dissection patterns reveals how, and how far, regional waves of incision have propagated upstream. In our analysis, erosional patterns are consistent with the progressive establishment of an outward drainage system, providing a relative capture chronology for the different studied basins. Divide migration inferred from chi maps supports the interpretations based on fluvial dissection patterns and volumes, providing clues on how landscaped changed and how drainage integration occurred within the studied watersheds. [Funded by S2013/MAE-2739 and CGL2014-59516].

  3. Heterogeneity in a Suburban River Network: Understanding the Impact of Fluvial Wetlands on Dissolved Oxygen and Metabolism in Headwater Streams

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cain, J. S.; Wollheim, W. M.; Sheehan, K.; Lightbody, A.

    2014-12-01

    Low dissolved oxygen content in rivers threatens fish populations, aquatic organisms, and the health of entire ecosystems. River systems with high fluvial wetland abundance and organic matter, may result in high metabolism that in conjunction with low re-aeration rates, lead to low oxygen conditions. Increasing abundance of beaver ponds in many areas may exacerbate this phenomenon. This research aims to understand the impact of fluvial wetlands, including beaver ponds, on dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and metabolism throughout the headwaters of the Ipswich R. watershed, MA, USA. In several fluvial wetland dominated systems, we measured diel D.O. and metabolism in the upstream inflow, the surface water transient storage zones of fluvial wetland sidepools, and at the outflow to understand how the wetlands modify dissolved oxygen. D.O. was also measured longitudinally along entire surface water flow paths (x-y km long) to determine how low levels of D.O. propagate downstream. Nutrient samples were also collected to understand how their behavior was related to D.O. behavior. Results show that D.O. in fluvial wetlands has large swings with periods of very low D.O. at night. D.O. swings were also seen in downstream outflow, though lagged and somewhat attenuated. Flow conditions affect the level of inundation and the subsequent effects of fluvial wetlands on main channel D.O.. Understanding the D.O. behavior throughout river systems has important implications for the ability of river systems to remove anthropogenic nitrogen.

  4. Experimental insights into organic carbon oxidation potential during fluvial transport without floodplain storage

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scheingross, J. S.; Hovius, N.; Sachse, D.; Vieth-Hillebrand, A.; Turowski, J. M.; Hilton, R. G.

    2016-12-01

    Over geologic timescales, the exchange of organic carbon (OC) between the atmosphere, rock, and biosphere is thought to be a major control on global climate. CO2 flux estimates from oxidation of rock-derived OC and sequestration of biospheric OC during fluvial transit from source to sink are approximately the same order of magnitude or larger than those from silicate weathering. Despite field data showing loss of OC moving downstream in lowland rivers, it is unclear if losses occur primarily during active fluvial transport within the river, where OC is in continual motion within an aerated environment, or during longer periods when OC is temporarily stored in river floodplains which may be anoxic. This represents a major knowledge gap, as the unknown location of OC oxidation (i.e., river vs. floodplain) limits our ability to develop process-based models that can be employed to predict OC losses, constrain carbon budgets, and unravel links between climate, tectonics, and erosion. To fill this gap, we investigated the potential for OC oxidation in laboratory experiments simulating fluvial transport without floodplain storage. Mixtures of OC-rich and siliciclastic sediment were transported for distances of 2000 km in annular flumes while making time-series measurements of sediment TOC and water DOC concentrations. Initial results for transport of OC-rich soil show increasing DOC with transport distance to levels that represent a transfer of 2% of the total OC from the solid to the dissolved phase; however, we observed no detectable change in the solid-phase TOC. Similar results were obtained in a control experiment with identical sediment in still water. These preliminary results suggest minimal OC oxidation within our experiment, and, to the extent that such experiments represent natural transport through river systems, are consistent with the hypothesis that OC losses may occur primarily during floodplain storage rather than fluvial transport.

  5. Seasonal and spatial distribution of Bacterioplankton in a fluvial-lagunar system of a tropical region: density, biomass, cellular volume and morphologic variation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio de Araújo

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available The temporal and spatial fluctuations of Bacterioplankton in a fluvial-lagunar system of a tropical region (Pitimbu River and Jiqui Lake, RN were studied during the dry and the rainy periods. The bacterial abundance varied from 2.67 to 5.1 Cells10(7mL-1 and did not show a typical temporal variation, presenting only small oscillations between the rainy and the dry periods. The bacterial biomass varied from 123 µgC L-1 to 269 µgC L-1 in the sampling sites and the average cellular volume varied from 0.12 to 0.54µm³, showing a predominance of the rods. The temperature showed a positive correlation with the cellular volume of the rods (R=0.55; p=0.02 and vibrio (R=0.53; p=0.03. Significant spatial differences of biomass (Mann Whitney: p=0.01 and cellular volume of the morphotypes (Mann Whitney: p=0.003 were found between the sampling sites. The strong positive correlations of the water temperature and oxygen with bacterioplankton showed a probable high bacterial activity in this system.A variação temporal e espacial do bacterioplâncton em um sistema fluvial-lagunar de região tropical foi estudada em períodos seco e chuvoso. As médias da abundância bacteriana variaram de 2,67 a 5,1 x 10(7 e não exibiram uma variação temporal marcante, tendo apresentado apenas pequenas oscilações entre os períodos chuvoso e seco. A biomassa bacteriana variou de 123 µg C L-1 a 269 µg C L-1 entre os locais de coleta e o volume celular médio de 0,12µm³ a 0,54µm³, ocorrendo predominância de bacilos. A temperatura mostrou correlação positiva com o volume celular de bacilos (R=0,55; p=0,02 e de vibriões (R=0,53; p=0,03. Foram encontradas diferenças espaciais significativas de biomassa (Mann Whitney: p=0,01 e volume celular dos morfotipos (Mann Whitney: p= 0,003, entre os locais de coleta. As fortes correlações positivas da temperatura da água e do oxigênio, com o bacterioplâncton, são sugestivas de uma provavelmente elevada atividade

  6. Utilization of ancient permafrost carbon in headwaters of Arctic fluvial networks

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mann, Paul J.; Eglinton, Timothy I.; McIntyre, Cameron P.; Zimov, Nikita; Davydova, Anna; Vonk, Jorien E.; Holmes, Robert M.; Spencer, Robert G M

    2015-01-01

    Northern high-latitude rivers are major conduits of carbon from land to coastal seas and the Arctic Ocean. Arctic warming is promoting terrestrial permafrost thaw and shifting hydrologic flowpaths, leading to fluvial mobilization of ancient carbon stores. Here we describe 14 C and 13 C

  7. Eventos extremos e risco de inundação: uma análise do comportamento evolutivo dos Distúrbios Ondulatórios de Leste em junho de 2010 sobre a bacia do rio Una - Pernambuco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keyla Manuela Alencar da Silva Alves

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Os Distúrbios Ondulatórios de Leste (DOL’s são perturbações dos ventos alísios que, no Nordeste do Brasil, geralmente se associam a eventos extremos de precipitação. Este trabalho analisa o comportamento evolutivo de um DOL que atingiu o Estado de Pernambuco em junho de 2010, provocando inundações e grandes prejuízos humanos e econômicos. O recorte escolhido para análise foi a bacia hidrográfica do rio Una, que teve 11 municípios afetados. A análise do evento baseou-se na interpretação de imagens GOES-12 realçadas e TRMM. Constatou-se que a análise de imagens GOES-12 isoladas não produz uma resposta eficaz, no entanto, quando associada a mais informações, chega a uma resposta concisa e de extrema importância para os estudos relacionados a eventos climáticos. Para avaliação da vulnerabilidade à inundação das diversas sedes municipais da bacia do Una, utilizou-se um estimador de densidade Kernel baseado nos valores de magnitude da rede de drenagem. Os resultados indicaram que mesmo áreas naturalmente menos vulneráveis podem ser seriamente afetadas em função do montante precipitado.

  8. When do plants modify fluvial processes? Plant-hydraulic interactions under variable flow and sediment supply rates

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manners, Rebecca B.; Wilcox, Andrew C.; Kui, Li; Lightbody, Anne F.; Stella, John C.; Sklar, Leonard S.

    2015-02-01

    Flow and sediment regimes shape alluvial river channels; yet the influence of these abiotic drivers can be strongly mediated by biotic factors such as the size and density of riparian vegetation. We present results from an experiment designed to identify when plants control fluvial processes and to investigate the sensitivity of fluvial processes to changes in plant characteristics versus changes in flow rate or sediment supply. Live seedlings of two species with distinct morphologies, tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) and cottonwood (Populus fremontii), were placed in different configurations in a mobile sand-bed flume. We measured the hydraulic and sediment flux responses of the channel at different flow rates and sediment supply conditions representing equilibrium (sediment supply = transport rate) and deficit (sediment supply plant species and configuration. Species-specific traits controlled the hydraulic response: compared to cottonwood, which has a more tree-like morphology, the shrubby morphology of tamarisk resulted in less pronation and greater reductions in near-bed velocities, Reynolds stress, and sediment flux rates. Under sediment-deficit conditions, on the other hand, abiotic factors dampened the effect of variations in plant characteristics on the hydraulic response. We identified scenarios for which the highest stem-density patch, independent of abiotic factors, dominated the fluvial response. These results provide insight into how and when plants influence fluvial processes in natural systems.

  9. Fluvial organic carbon losses from oil palm plantations on tropical peat, Sarawak, Southeast Asia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cook, Sarah; Page, Susan; Evans, Chris; Whelan, Mick; Gauci, Vincent; Lip Khoon, Kho

    2017-04-01

    Tropical peatlands are valuable stores of carbon. However, tropical peat swamp forests (TPSFs) in Southeast Asia have increasingly been converted to other land-uses. For example, more than 25% of TPSFs are now under oil palm plantations. This conversion - requiring felling and burning of trees and drainage of the peat - can enhance carbon mineralization, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) losses and can contribute significantly to global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, changing these natural carbon sinks into carbon sources. At present, relatively few scientifically sound studies provide dependable estimates of gaseous and fluvial carbon losses from oil palm plantations or from drained tropical peat in general. Here we present an annual (54 week) estimate of the export of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in water draining two oil palm estates and nearby stands of TPSF in Sarawak, Malaysia, subjected to varying degrees of past anthropogenic disturbance. Spectrophotometric techniques including SUVA254 (Specific Ultra-Violet Absorption) were used to gain insight into the aromaticity and subsequent bioavailability of the exported DOC. Water draining plantation and deforested land had a higher proportion of labile carbon compared to water draining forested areas. Preliminary data suggest a total fluvial DOC flux from plantations of ca. 190 g C m-2 year-1; nearly three times estimates from intact TPSFs (63 g C m-2 year-1). DOC accounted for between 86 % - 94 % of the total organic carbon lost (most of which was bioavailable). Wit et al. (2015) estimates that an average of 53 % of peat-derived DOC is decomposed and emitted as CO2, on a monthly basis. Based on these estimates our data suggests an additional 101 g CO2 m-2 may be emitted indirectly from fluvial organic carbon in degraded TPSFs per year. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of including fluvial organic carbon fluxes when quantifying the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on the

  10. The Brahmaputra River: a stratigraphic analysis of Holocene avulsion and fluvial valley reoccupation history

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hartzog, T. R.; Goodbred, S. L.

    2011-12-01

    The Brahmaputra River, one of the world's largest braided streams, is a major component of commerce, agriculture, and transportation in India and Bangladesh. Hence any significant change in course, morphology, or behavior would be likely to influence the regional culture and economy that relies on this major river system. The history of such changes is recorded in the stratigraphy deposited by the Brahmaputra River during the Holocene. Here we present stratigraphic analysis of sediment samples from the boring of 41 tube wells over a 120 km transect in the upper Bengal Basin of northern Bangladesh. The transect crosses both the modern fluvial valley and an abandoned fluvial valley about 60 km downstream of a major avulsion node. Although the modern Brahmaputra does not transport gravel, gravel strata are common below 20 m with fluvial sand deposits dominating most of the stratigraphy. Furthermore, the stratigraphy preserves very few floodplain mud strata below the modern floodplain mud cap. These preliminary findings will be assessed to determine their importance in defining past channel migration, avulsion frequency, and the reoccupation of abandoned fluvial valleys. Understanding the avulsion and valley reoccupation history of the Brahmaputra River is important to assess the risk involved with developing agriculture, business, and infrastructure on the banks of modern and abandoned channels. Based on the correlation of stratigraphy and digital surface elevation data, we hypothesize that the towns of Jamalpur and Sherpur in northern Bangladesh were once major ports on the Brahmaputra River even though they now lie on the banks of small underfit stream channels. If Jamalpur and Sherpur represent the outer extent of the Brahmaputra River braid-belt before the last major avulsion, these cities and any communities developed in the abandoned braid-belt assume a high risk of devastation if the next major avulsion reoccupies this fluvial valley. It is important to

  11. Fluvial biogeomorphology in the Anthropocene: Managing rivers and managing landscapes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Viles, Heather

    2015-04-01

    Biogeomorphology considers the many, and often complex, interactions between ecological and geomorphological processes. The concept of the Anthropocene deserves greater attention by scientists working on biogeomorphology, as will be demonstrated in this talk though a focus on fluvial environments. Rivers and river systems have been the subject of long-term human interference and management across the world, often in the form of direct manipulation of biogeomorphic interactions. Up to the present three broadly-defined phases of the Anthropocene can be identified - the Palaeoanthropocene, the Industrial Revolution and the Great Acceleration. Each of these broad phases of the Anthropocene has different implications for fluvial biogeomorphology and river management. The nature and dynamics of tufa-depositing systems provide good examples of the differing Anthropocene situations and will be focused on in this talk. We may now be entering a fourth phase of the Anthropocene called 'Earth system stewardship'. In terms of better understanding and managing the biogeomorphic interactions within rivers in such a phase, an improved conceptualisation of the Anthropocene and the complex web of interactions between human, ecological and geomorphological processes is needed.

  12. Tratamiento de los espacios fluviales urbanos andaluces en la planificación territorial y sectorial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David González Rojas

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La recuperación y conservación de los espacios fluviales urbanos debe insertarse dentro de los procesos de planificación territorial y sectorial. El presente trabajo analiza la evolución y las transformaciones de los espacios fluviales urbanos en Andalucía durante las últimas décadas, a través del análisis de los distintos planes. Para el estudio de las relaciones entre el planeamiento territorial y sectorial y los espacios fluviales urbanos se ha realizado una recopilación de los documentos actualmente aprobados o en tramitación. En el artículo se destacan los avances durante el periodo estudiado, pero también las inercias, resistencias y nuevos problemas asociados. El esfuerzo realizado para la ordenación de los ríos a su paso por las ciudades no ha tenido su reflejo en los resultados obtenidos, siendo las interrelaciones entre la gestión del agua y del territorio (regional, subregional y municipal una cuestión no resuelta.

  13. Optimizing sampling strategy for radiocarbon dating of Holocene fluvial systems in a vertically aggrading setting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toernqvist, T.E.; Dijk, G.J. Van

    1993-01-01

    The authors address the question of how to determine the period of activity (sedimentation) of fossil (Holocene) fluvial systems in vertically aggrading environments. The available data base consists of almost 100 14 C ages from the Rhine-Meuse delta. Radiocarbon samples from the tops of lithostratigraphically correlative organic beds underneath overbank deposits (sample type 1) yield consistent ages, indicating a synchronous onset of overbank deposition over distances of at least up to 20 km along channel belts. Similarly, 14 C ages from the base of organic residual channel fills (sample type 3) generally indicate a clear termination of within-channel sedimentation. In contrast, 14 C ages from the base of organic beds overlying overbank deposits (sample type 2), commonly assumed to represent the end of fluvial sedimentation, show a large scatter reaching up to 1000 14 C years. It is concluded that a combination of sample types 1 and 3 generally yields a satisfactory delimitation of the period of activity of a fossil fluvial system. 30 refs., 11 figs., 4 tabs

  14. Fluvial-aeolian interactions in sediment routing and sedimentary signal buffering: an example from the Indus Basin and Thar Desert

    Science.gov (United States)

    East, Amy E.; Clift, Peter D.; Carter, Andrew; Alizai, Anwar; VanLaningham, Sam

    2015-01-01

    Sediment production and its subsequent preservation in the marine stratigraphic record offshore of large rivers are linked by complex sediment-transfer systems. To interpret the stratigraphic record it is critical to understand how environmental signals transfer from sedimentary source regions to depositional sinks, and in particular to understand the role of buffering in obscuring climatic or tectonic signals. In dryland regions, signal buffering can include sediment cycling through linked fluvial and eolian systems. We investigate sediment-routing connectivity between the Indus River and the Thar Desert, where fluvial and eolian systems exchanged sediment over large spatial scales (hundreds of kilometers). Summer monsoon winds recycle sediment from the lower Indus River and delta northeastward, i.e., downwind and upstream, into the desert. Far-field eolian recycling of Indus sediment is important enough to control sediment provenance at the downwind end of the desert substantially, although the proportion of Indus sediment of various ages varies regionally within the desert; dune sands in the northwestern Thar Desert resemble the Late Holocene–Recent Indus delta, requiring short transport and reworking times. On smaller spatial scales (1–10 m) along fluvial channels in the northern Thar Desert, there is also stratigraphic evidence of fluvial and eolian sediment reworking from local rivers. In terms of sediment volume, we estimate that the Thar Desert could be a more substantial sedimentary store than all other known buffer regions in the Indus basin combined. Thus, since the mid-Holocene, when the desert expanded as the summer monsoon rainfall decreased, fluvial-eolian recycling has been an important but little recognized process buffering sediment flux to the ocean. Similar fluvial-eolian connectivity likely also affects sediment routing and signal transfer in other dryland regions globally.

  15. Fluvial particle characterization using artificial neural network and spectral image processing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shrestha, Bim Prasad; Gautam, Bijaya; Nagata, Masateru

    2008-03-01

    Sand, chemical waste, microbes and other solid materials flowing with the water bodies are of great significance to us as they cause substantial impact to different sectors including drinking water management, hydropower generation, irrigation, aquatic life preservation and various other socio-ecological factors. Such particles can't completely be avoided due to the high cost of construction and maintenance of the waste-treatment methods. A detailed understanding of solid particles in surface water system can have benefit in effective, economic, environmental and social management of water resources. This paper describes an automated system of fluvial particle characterization based on spectral image processing that lead to the development of devices for monitoring flowing particles in river. Previous research in coherent field has shown that it is possible to automatically classify shapes and sizes of solid particles ranging from 300-400 μm using artificial neural networks (ANN) and image processing. Computer facilitated with hyper spectral and multi spectral images using ANN can further classify fluvial materials into organic, inorganic, biodegradable, bio non degradable and microbes. This makes the method attractive for real time monitoring of particles, sand and microorganism in water bodies at strategic locations. Continuous monitoring can be used to determine the effect of socio-economic activities in upstream rivers, or to monitor solid waste disposal from treatment plants and industries or to monitor erosive characteristic of sand and its contribution to degradation of efficiency of hydropower plant or to identify microorganism, calculate their population and study the impact of their presence. Such system can also be used to characterize fluvial particles for planning effective utilization of water resources in micro-mega hydropower plant, irrigation, aquatic life preservation etc.

  16. ANÁLISE FISIOGRÁFICA DA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DA VÉSTIA, SELVÍRIA - MS, BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabricio Lopes de Macedo

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available As atividades antrópicas sem planejamento adequado produzem uma série de riscos e impactos para os componentes ambientais. Desta forma, o processo de caracterização fisiográfica atua como ferramenta essencial no processo de determinação dos parâmetros físicos, podendo ainda auxiliar na avaliação ambiental das bacias hidrográficas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros fisiográficos na Microbacia do Córrego da Véstia, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios para o planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos desta microbacia, proporcionando com isso uma utilização mais sustentável dos mesmos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a Microbacia do Córrego da Véstia, pode ser classificada como “parcialmente sujeita a enchentes” segundo os valores obtidos para os parâmetros Kc, Kf e Ic. Para a Densidade de Drenagem conclui-se que a mesma esta pouco propensa a ação dos processos erosivos naturais. Com relação às ramificações, a microbacia foi classificada com 2ª ordem, apresentando um sistema de drenagem pouco ramificado.

  17. Insights into organic carbon oxidation potential during fluvial transport from laboratory and field experiments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scheingross, J. S.; Dellinger, M.; Eglinton, T. I.; Fuchs, M. C.; Golombek, N.; Hilton, R. G.; Hovius, N.; Lupker, M.; Repasch, M. N.; Sachse, D.; Turowski, J. M.; Vieth-Hillebrand, A.; Wittmann, H.

    2017-12-01

    Over geologic timescales, the exchange of organic carbon (OC) between the atmosphere, hydropshere, biosphere and geosphere can be a major control on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. The carbon fluxes from the oxidation of rock-derived OC (a CO2 source) and erosion, transport, and burial of biospheric OC (a potential CO2 sink) during fluvial transit are approximately the same order of magnitude or larger than those from silicate weathering. Despite field data showing increasing oxidation of OC moving downstream in lowland rivers, it is unclear if losses occur primarily during active fluvial transport, where OC is in continual motion within an aerated river, or during periods of temporary storage in river floodplains which may be anoxic. The unknown location of OC oxidation (i.e., river vs. floodplain) limits our ability to mechanistically link geochemical and geomorphic processes which are required to develop models capable of predicting OC losses, constrain carbon budgets, and unravel links between climate, tectonics, and erosion. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated OC oxidation in controlled laboratory experiments and a simplified field setting. We performed experiments in annular flumes that simulate fluvial transport without floodplain storage, allowing mixtures of OC-rich and siliciclastic sediment to be transported for distances of 1000 km. Preliminary experiments exploring both rock-derived and biospheric OC sources show minimal OC oxidation during active river transport, consistent with the idea that the majority of OC loss occurs during transient floodplain storage. These results are also consistent with new field data collected in the Rio Bermejo, Argentina, a lowland river traversing 800 km with no tributary inputs, where aged floodplain deposits have 3 to 10 times lower OC concentrations compared to modern river sediments. Together our field data and experiments support the hypothesis that oxidation of OC occurs primarily during

  18. Análise morfopedológica da bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Inhacundá (RS).

    OpenAIRE

    Mateus Gleiser Oliveira

    2015-01-01

    Realizou-se nesta dissertação uma abordagem integrada para fim de avaliar e mapear unidades morfopedológicas na bacia hidrográfica do arroio Inhacundá – RS (363,52244 km²), com o intuito de identificar diferentes meios de interação entre morfogênese e pedogênese, para cada unidade identificada, em sua relação à distribuição de ravinas, voçorocas e areais. Para alcançar os objetivos do trabalho se elaborou uma série cartográfica em escala de 1:100.000 da rede de drenagem, litologia, compartime...

  19. A fast, parallel algorithm to solve the basic fluvial erosion/transport equations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Braun, J.

    2012-04-01

    Quantitative models of landform evolution are commonly based on the solution of a set of equations representing the processes of fluvial erosion, transport and deposition, which leads to predict the geometry of a river channel network and its evolution through time. The river network is often regarded as the backbone of any surface processes model (SPM) that might include other physical processes acting at a range of spatial and temporal scales along hill slopes. The basic laws of fluvial erosion requires the computation of local (slope) and non-local (drainage area) quantities at every point of a given landscape, a computationally expensive operation which limits the resolution of most SPMs. I present here an algorithm to compute the various components required in the parameterization of fluvial erosion (and transport) and thus solve the basic fluvial geomorphic equation, that is very efficient because it is O(n) (the number of required arithmetic operations is linearly proportional to the number of nodes defining the landscape), and is fully parallelizable (the computation cost decreases in a direct inverse proportion to the number of processors used to solve the problem). The algorithm is ideally suited for use on latest multi-core processors. Using this new technique, geomorphic problems can be solved at an unprecedented resolution (typically of the order of 10,000 X 10,000 nodes) while keeping the computational cost reasonable (order 1 sec per time step). Furthermore, I will show that the algorithm is applicable to any regular or irregular representation of the landform, and is such that the temporal evolution of the landform can be discretized by a fully implicit time-marching algorithm, making it unconditionally stable. I will demonstrate that such an efficient algorithm is ideally suited to produce a fully predictive SPM that links observationally based parameterizations of small-scale processes to the evolution of large-scale features of the landscapes on

  20. Excursions in fluvial (dis)continuity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grant, Gordon E.; O'Connor, James E.; Safran, Elizabeth

    2017-01-01

    Lurking below the twin concepts of connectivity and disconnectivity are their first, and in some ways, richer cousins: continuity and discontinuity. In this paper we explore how continuity and discontinuity represent fundamental and complementary perspectives in fluvial geomorphology, and how these perspectives inform and underlie our conceptions of connectivity in landscapes and rivers. We examine the historical roots of continuum and discontinuum thinking, and how much of our understanding of geomorphology rests on contrasting views of continuity and discontinuity. By continuum thinking we refer to a conception of geomorphic processes as well as geomorphic features that are expressed along continuous gradients without abrupt changes, transitions, or thresholds. Balance of forces, graded streams, and hydraulic geometry are all examples of this perspective. The continuum view has played a prominent role in diverse disciplinary fields, including ecology, paleontology, and evolutionary biology, in large part because it allows us to treat complex phenomena as orderly progressions and invoke or assume equilibrium processes that introduce order and prediction into our sciences.In contrast the discontinuous view is a distinct though complementary conceptual framework that incorporates non-uniform, non-progressive, and non-equilibrium thinking into understanding geomorphic processes and landscapes. We distinguish and discuss examples of three different ways in which discontinuous thinking can be expressed: 1) discontinuous spatial arrangements or singular events; 2) specific process domains generally associated with thresholds, either intrinsic or extrinsic; and 3) physical dynamics or changes in state, again often threshold-linked. In moving beyond the continuous perspective, a fertile set of ideas comes into focus: thresholds, non-equilibrium states, heterogeneity, catastrophe. The range of phenomena that is thereby opened up to scientific exploration similarly expands

  1. Aspectos da geoquímica ambiental da Mina da Rocha - PR

    OpenAIRE

    Nelson Luiz Schleder Ferreira

    1994-01-01

    O presente trabalho procurou analisar a disseminação dos metais pesados na drenagem, oriundos das atividades de uma empresa de mineração de chumbo localizada às margens do ribeirão do Rocha, afluente do rio Ribeira de Iguape, na divisa dos estados do Paraná e São Paulo. Foram realizadas análises para chumbo, cobre e zinco nos sedimentos de fundo (fração

  2. Large Fluvial Fans: Aspects of the Attribute Array

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilkinson, Justin M.

    2015-01-01

    In arguing for a strict definition of the alluvial fan (coarse-grained with radii less than10 km, in mountain-front settings), Blair and McPherson (1994) proposed that there is no meaningful difference between large fluvial fans (LFF) and floodplains, because the building blocks of both are channel-levee-overbank deposits. Sediment bodies at the LFF scale (greater than 100 km long, fan-shaped in planform), are relatively unstudied although greater than 160 are now identified globally. The following perspectives suggest that the significance of LFF needs to be reconsidered.

  3. Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentation of Solimões-Amazon fluvial system between the tributaries Negro and Madeira, Central Amazon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliezer Senna Gonçalves Júnior

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: In the scope of Solimões-Amazon fluvial system between the Negro and Madeira tributaries, three levels of Quaternary fluvial terraces overlie the Alter do Chão and Novo Remanso formations further than 100 km southward its current main channel. Smooth undulated topography presenting low drainages density formed by sparse secondary plain channels and rounded lakes characterizes these deposits. Internally, they show point bars morphology constituted by intercalated layers of mud (silt and clay and sand forming an inclined heterolithic stratification. The asymmetric distribution of fluvial terraces allied to the records of old scroll-bars features and paleochannels in many extensions of the Solimões River suggests the predominance of a meander pattern between 240 to 6 kyears. On the other hand, the development of the current anabranching pattern took place in the last six kyears due to the Holocene sea-level rise, besides the action of neotectonics and rainforest establishment related to the increase of humidity in Amazonia.

  4. A new ‘superassemblage’ model explaining proximal-to-distal and lateral facies changes in fluvial environments, based on the Proterozoic Sanjauli Formation (Lesser Himalaya, India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ananya Mukhopadhyay

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Facies analysis of fluvial deposits of the Proterozoic Sanjauli Formation in the Lesser Himalaya was combined with an architectural analysis. On this basis, a model was developed that may be applied to other fluvial systems as well, whether old or recent. The new model, which might be considered as an assemblage of previous models, explains lateral variations in architecture and facies but is not in all respects consistent with the standard fluvial models. The Sanjauli fluvial model is unique in that it deals with lateral facies variations due to shifts of the base-level along with fluctuations in accommodation space owing to changes in palaeoclimate.

  5. Assessing the Effects of Climate on Global Fluvial Discharge Variability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hansford, M. R.; Plink-Bjorklund, P.

    2017-12-01

    Plink-Bjorklund (2015) established the link between precipitation seasonality and river discharge variability in the monsoon domain and subtropical rivers (see also Leier et al, 2005; Fielding et al., 2009), resulting in distinct morphodynamic processes and a sedimentary record distinct from perennial precipitation zone in tropical rainforest zone and mid latitudes. This study further develops our understanding of discharge variability using a modern global river database created with data from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC). The database consists of daily discharge for 595 river stations and examines them using a series of discharge variability indexes (DVI) on different temporal scales to examine how discharge variability occurs in river systems around the globe. These indexes examine discharge of individual days and monthly averages that allows for comparison of river systems against each other, regardless of size of the river. Comparing river discharge patterns in seven climate zones (arid, cold, humid subtropics, monsoonal, polar, rainforest, and temperate) based off the Koppen-Geiger climate classifications reveals a first order climatic control on discharge patterns and correspondingly sediment transport. Four groupings of discharge patterns emerge when coming climate zones and DVI: persistent, moderate, seasonal, and erratic. This dataset has incredible predictive power about the nature of discharge in fluvial systems around the world. These seasonal effects on surface water supply affects river morphodynamics and sedimentation on a wide timeframe, ranging from large single events to an inter-annual or even decadal timeframe. The resulting sedimentary deposits lead to differences in fluvial architecture on a range of depositional scales from sedimentary structures and bedforms to channel complex systems. These differences are important to accurately model for several reasons, ranging from stratigraphic and paleoenviromental reconstructions to more

  6. Reservoir architecture and tough gas reservoir potential of fluvial crevasse-splay deposits

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Van Toorenenburg, K.A.; Donselaar, M.E.; Weltje, G.J.

    2015-01-01

    Unconventional tough gas reservoirs in low-net-to-gross fluvial stratigraphic intervals may constitute a secondary source of fossil energy to prolong the gas supply in the future. To date, however, production from these thin-bedded, fine-grained reservoirs has been hampered by the economic risks

  7. Extreme Changes in Stream Geomorphic Conditions induced by Fluvial Scour in Bridges

    Science.gov (United States)

    Özcan, O.; Ozcan, O.

    2016-12-01

    The numerous complexities associated with bridge scour have caused scour to be one of the most active topics of stream geomorphic research. The assessment of local scouring mechanism around bridge piers provides information for decision-making regarding the pile footing design, predicting the safety of bridges under critical scoured conditions, and as a result, may help prevent unnecessary loses. In the study, bridge design plans and HEC-RAS modeling were used for the assessment of changes in stream geomorphic conditions. The derived fluvial scour depths were compared with the field measurements and the empirical formula which is based on stream flow discharge rate, streambed condition and shape of river. Preliminary results revealed that bridge damage resulting from the flood event in 2003 induced substantial scour around bridge piles. Afterwards, significant stream bed change was observed under the influence of fluvial scour in another flood occurred in 2009. Consequently, geomorphic conditions of the stream bed should be considered in the structural design of the bridges.

  8. Results of radiocarbon dating of Holocene fluvial sediments from Northeastern Bohemia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Silar, J.; Zeman, A.

    1989-01-01

    Samples of wood and charcoal from the latest Holocene fluvial sediments under the lowest surface of alluvial plains were dated by radiocarbon in order to check paleomagnetic data at four sites in northeastern Bohemia. The results are presented as funcorrected 14 C ages and dendrochronologically corrected ages. Two samples were recent. 4 figs., 1 tab., 3 refs

  9. Climatic implications of correlated upper Pleistocene glacial and fluvial deposits on the Cinca and Gallego rivers, NE Spain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lewis, Claudia J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mcdonald, Eric [NON LANL; Sancho, Carlos [NON LANL; Pena, Jose- Luis [NON LANL

    2008-01-01

    We correlate Upper Pleistocene glacial and fluvial deposits of the Cinca and Gallego River valleys (south central Pyrenees and Ebro basin, Spain) using geomorphic position, luminescence dates, and time-related trends in soil development. The ages obtained from glacial deposits indicate glacial periods at 85 {+-} 5 ka, 64 {+-} 11 ka, and 36 {+-} 3 ka (from glacial till) and 20 {+-} 3 ka (from loess). The fluvial drainage system, fed by glaciers in the headwaters, developed extensive terrace systems in the Cinca River valley at 178 {+-} 21 ka, 97 {+-} 16 ka, 61 {+-} 4 ka, 47 {+-} 4 ka, and 11 {+-} 1 ka, and in the Gallego River valley at 151 {+-} 11 ka, 68 {+-} 7 ka, and 45 {+-} 3 ka. The times of maximum geomorphic activity related to cold phases coincide with Late Pleistocene marine isotope stages and heinrich events. The maximum extent of glaciers during the last glacial occurred at 64 {+-} 11 ka, and the terraces correlated with this glacial phase are the most extensive in both the Cinca (61 {+-} 4 ka) and Gallego (68 {+-} 7 ka) valleys, indicating a strong increase in fluvial discharge and availability of sediments related to the transition to deglaciation. The global Last Glacial Maximum is scarcely represented in the south central Pyrenees owing to dominantly dry conditions at that time. Precipitation must be controlled by the position of the Iberian Peninsula with respect to the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation system. The glacial systems and the associated fluvial dynamic seem sensitive to (1) global climate changes controlled by insolation, (2) North Atlantic thermohaline circulation influenced by freshwater pulses into the North Atlantic, and (3) anomalies in atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic controlling precipitation on the Iberian peninsula. The model of glacial and fluvial evolution during the Late Pleistocene in northern Spain could be extrapolated to other glaciated mountainous areas in southern Europe.

  10. Reflexiones y enfoques en la conservación y restauración de ríos: georrestauración y pensamiento fluvial

    OpenAIRE

    Horacio, Jesús

    2015-01-01

    En los últimos años las sociedades más avanzadas se comienzan a replantear los principios y métodos aplicados para la gestión de los ríos. Este cambio de tendencia en la forma de pensar acerca de nuestro patrimonio fluvial es lo que se denomina en este trabajo: pensamiento fluvial. Este pensamiento implica derrocar ideas incompletas o erróneas sobre qué es un río y aceptarlo como un sistema natural dinámico. Pero el pensamiento fluvial invita también a discutir sobre la forma de conservar y r...

  11. Incorporação de resíduo do tratamento de drenagem ácida em massa de cerâmica vermelha Incorporation of acid drainage treatment sludge waste into red ceramic products

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. L. Galatto

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o estudo experimental em escala laboratorial e industrial da incorporação de resíduo do tratamento de Drenagem Ácida de Mina (DAM na formulação de massa de cerâmica vermelha, com substituição parcial das argilas. Foram realizados algumas análises e ensaios nas amostras dos blocos cerâmicos: análise dilatométrica a verde, absorção de água, resistência à compressão, eflorescência de sais solúveis e emissões atmosféricas (MP e SOx. Os resultados das análises nos corpos de prova ensaiados indicam aumento de resistência a compressão. Os ensaios de eflorescência de sais solúveis indicam maior intensidade de cristalização de sais solúveis na superfície dos corpos de prova e blocos cerâmicos à medida que se aumenta o percentual de resíduo. As análises realizadas nos blocos cerâmicos ensaiados em escala industrial, recomendam uma proporção de até 2,5% de resíduo na massa cerâmica.An experimental laboratory and industry scale study of the incorporation of residue from Acid Drainage Mine (ADM in the ceramics mass, with partial substitution of clays, is presented. Some analyses and assays of the ceramic blocks were been carried out: dilatometry, water absorption, compressive strength, efflorescence and emissions (MP and SOx. The results show an increase of compressive strength. The efflorescence assays indicate greater intensity of crystallization of soluble salts in the surface of the ceramic blocks for increasing residue content. The analyses in the ceramic blocks in industrial scale recommend a ratio of up to 2.5% of waste in bulk ceramics.

  12. Sistemas urbanos de drenagem de águas residuais e pluviais: contributo para a análise da problemática da interferência dos dois tipos de sistemas - caso de estudo: cidade de Olhão

    OpenAIRE

    Albino, Clarisse Isabel Cristovão

    2013-01-01

    Diversas cidades no mundo inteiro sofrem com problemas relacionados com drenagem urbana de águas pluviais e residuais, refletindo-se estes problemas, na maioria dos casos, em impactes significativos no ambiente (ao nível qualidade da água e dos solos, bem como ao nível da fauna e da flora dos meios recetores naturais) e, consequentemente, nos sistemas naturais e sociedades nele inseridas. Estes impactes originam vários problemas socioeconómicos e ambientais, tais como degradaçã...

  13. Fluvial geomorphology and aquatic-to-terrestrial Hg export are weakly coupled in small urban streams of Columbus, Ohio

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sullivan, S. Mažeika P.; Boaz, Lindsey E.; Hossler, Katie

    2016-04-01

    Although mercury (Hg) contamination is common in stream ecosystems, mechanisms governing bioavailability and bioaccumulation in fluvial systems remain poorly resolved as compared to lentic systems. In particular, streams in urbanized catchments are subject to fluvial geomorphic alterations that may contribute to Hg distribution, bioaccumulation, and export across the aquatic-to-terrestrial boundary. In 12 streams of urban Columbus, Ohio, we investigated the influence of fluvial geomorphic characteristics related to channel geometry, streamflow, and sediment size and distribution on (1) Hg concentrations in sediment and body burdens in benthic larval and adult emergent aquatic insects and (2) aquatic-to-terrestrial contaminant transfer to common riparian spiders of the families Pisauridae and Tetragnathidae via changes in aquatic insect Hg body burdens as well as in aquatic insect density and community composition. Hydrogeomorphic characteristics were weakly related to Hg body burdens in emergent insects (channel geometry) and tetragnathid spiders (streamflow), but not to Hg concentrations in sediment or benthic insects. Streamflow characteristics were also related to emergent insect density, while wider channels were associated with benthic insect community shifts toward smaller-bodied and more tolerant taxa (e.g., Chironomidae). Thus, our results provide initial evidence that fluvial geomorphology may influence aquatic-to-terrestrial contaminant Hg transfer through the collective effects on emergent insect body burdens as well as on aquatic insect community composition and abundance.

  14. Fluvial incision by the Qingyijiang River on the northern fringe of Mt. Huangshan, eastern China: Responses to weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Chunsheng; Liu, Shaochen; Hu, Chenqi; Xu, Guanglai; Zhou, Yingqiu

    2017-12-01

    This paper focuses on climatic and tectonic controls to determine their relative importance to the Quaternary fluvial incision by the Qingyijiang River, eastern China. The Qingyijiang, which is one of longest tributaries of the lower Yangtze River, drains the northern piedmont of Mt. Huangshan. A field survey focused on three natural sections of the Qingyijiang in the Jingxian basin, where a well-preserved sequence of one alluvial platform (P) and three fluvial terraces (T3, T2, and T1) is presented. The heights of the platform and the terraces above river level are 65, 40, 20, and 7 m respectively. In this study, electron spin resonance (ESR), optical stimulated luminescence (OSL), and palaeomagnetic dating were applied to reconstruct the fluvial incision history of the Qingyijiang and evaluate the possible influence of tectonic uplift and/or climate change on the fluvial incision. The main results show that (1) the ages of P, T3, T2, and T1 were determined to be ∼ 1300, ∼ 900, ∼ 600, and ∼ 1.5 ka respectively, corresponding to four incision events in the Qingyijiang; (2) the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) experienced four significant weakening events at 1300, 900, 600, and ∼ 1.5 ka, according to previous research. Correspondingly, we propose that four significant increased periods of regional precipitation occurred at 1300, 900, 600, and ∼ 1.5 ka in the study area because of the negative correlation between the intensity of the EASM and regional precipitation from 1960 to 2012; and (3) fluvial incision by the Qingyijiang arose as a result of the weakening of the EASM in combination with tectonic uplift, determined by matching fluvial incision history of the Qingyijiang with tectonic movement and EASM change. In addition, the weakening of the EASM climatically triggered fluvial incision by the Qingyijiang. This study supports the conclusion that major fluvial incision has been climatically triggered; however, it also suggests that the mechanism of

  15. Incidence of infectious complications following tube thoracostomy with and without use of antibiotic therapy: meta-analysis study Incidência de complicações infecciosas pós-drenagem pleural fechada com e sem uso da antibioticoterapia: estudo de meta-análise

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauro José Fontelles

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Objective - Thoracic lesions and resulting complications have gained increased importance in literature because they present a serious problem despite the generalized use of antibiotic therapy. Our study, therefore, aims at obtaining better estimates regarding the benefits obtained using antibiotic therapy in patients with isolated thoracic trauma and who have undergone closed chest drainage. Methods - Eight prospective and randomized studies were selected and meta-analysis was used to statistically associate the results. Results - The results demonstrated a statistical significance which favored the use of antibiotic therapy in preventing pleural empyema and a 9.25 (IC 95% 2.85 - 30.01 total relative risk for patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy. The total risk regarding all the infectious complications that occurred was 4.29 (IC 95% 2.70 - 8.97. Conclusion - The results of this meta-analysis study showed that antibiotic therapy effectively reduces the incidence of infectious complications in patients with isolated thoracic trauma, who have undergone closed pleural drainage.Objetivo - A literatura aponta para a crescente importância das lesões torácicas com sua possíveis complicações e, apesar do uso generalizado da antibioticoterapia, estas continuam a ser um grave problema. Assim, o propósito do presente estudo, foi de desenvolver melhores estimativas da quantidade de benefícios quanto a utilização da antibioticoterapia nos pacientes com trauma isolado do tórax, submetidos, unicamente, à drenagem pleural fechada. Métodos - Através do estudo de meta-análise, oito trabalhos, prospectivos e randomizados, foram selecionados para associação de seus resultados dentro de um modelo de análise estatística quantitativa. Resultados - Os resultados mostraram uma significância estatística favorável ao uso da antibioticoterapia na prevenção do empiema pleural, com risco relativo total de 9,25 (IC 95% 2,85 - 30,01 para os

  16. PRODUÇÃO DE PAVIMENTO INTERTRAVADO COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL COMO AGREGADO MIÚDO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regislaine Damasio Barreto

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se o estudo de pavimentos intertravados com agregado miúdo utilizando material reciclado, ou seja, o resíduo gerado por demolição de construções. Foram feitos testes nas peças, chegando a resultados que atendem as expectativas de serem aplicados em calçadas, sem fins estruturais. O pavimento intertravado é um pavimento por si só ecológico, tem maior durabilidade e reduz à temperatura em relação á outros tipos de pavimentos têm uma grande capacidade de drenagem, baixa e fácil manutenção e redução de custo. O sistema é intertravado, os pavers se encaixam uns nos outros como um quebra-cabeça, possibilitando a personalização e troca rápida de peças, a drenagem e devolução de água ao solo por conta de suas fissuras.

  17. IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ÁREAS VULNERÁVEIS AO ALAGAMENTO PLUVIAL NA CIDADE DE NATAL/RN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matheus Lisboa Nobre da Silva

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Em Natal, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a impermeabilização do solo e a falta de drenagem em diversos setores da cidade, têm se mostrado como um fator importante para a geração de caos urbano devido aos alagamentos com conseqüências socioeconômicas. Este trabalho se propõe a indicar áreas vulneráveis ao alagamento das águas pluviais baseados principalmente nas relações topográficas plani-altimétricas e nos fluxos de drenagem urbana. Os resultados foram analisados na perspectiva de proposições que busquem a mitigação deste problema na capital potiguar. Nessa primeira fase foi selecionada uma área no entorno do Campus Central do IFRN. Na continuação, e na dependência de financiamentos, esse estudo será estendido para as demais áreas da cidade.

  18. Phosphorus and nitrogen loading depths in fluvial sediments following manure spill simulations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manure spills that enter streams can devastate the aquatic ecosystem. The depth of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading in fluvial sediments following a manure spill have not been documented. Thus, the objectives of this study were (i) to determine the depth of N and P contamination as a result o...

  19. Middle Moscovian climate of eastern equatorial Pangea recorded in paleosols and fluvial architecture

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Opluštil, S.; Lojka, R.; Rosenau, N.A.; Strnad, L.; Sýkorová, Ivana

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 440, DEC (2015), s. 328-352 ISSN 0031-0182 Institutional support: RVO:67985891 Keywords : Carboniferous paleoclimate * fluvial architectures * paleosols * geochemistry Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy Impact factor: 2.525, year: 2015 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018215004939

  20. High temporal resolution in situ measurement of the effective particle size characteristics of fluvial suspended sediment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Williams, N D; Walling, D E; Leeks, G J L

    2007-03-01

    This paper reports the use of a LISST-100 device to monitor the effective particle size characteristics of suspended sediment in situ, and at a quasi-continuous temporal resolution. The study site was located on the River Exe at Thorverton, Devon, UK. This device has not previously been utilized in studies of fluvial suspended sediment at the storm event scale, and existing studies of suspended sediment dynamics have not involved such a high temporal resolution for extended periods. An evaluation of the field performance of the instrument is presented, with respect to innovative data collection and analysis techniques. It was found that trends in the effective particle size distribution (EPSD) and degree of flocculation of suspended sediment at the study site were highly complex, and showed significant short-term variability that has not previously been documented in the fluvial environment. The collection of detailed records of EPSD facilitated interpretation of the dynamic evolution of the size characteristics of suspended sediment, in relation to its likely source and delivery and flocculation mechanisms. The influence of measurement frequency is considered in terms of its implications for future studies of the particle size of fluvial suspended sediment employing in situ data acquisition.

  1. Characterization and 3D reservoir modelling of fluvial sandstones of the Williams Fork Formation, Rulison Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado, USA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pranter, Matthew J; Vargas, Marielis F; Davis, Thomas L

    2008-01-01

    This study describes the stratigraphic characteristics and distribution of fluvial deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation in a portion of Rulison Field and addresses 3D geologic modelling of reservoir sand bodies and their associated connectivity. Fluvial deposits include isolated and stacked point-bar deposits, crevasse splays and overbank (floodplain) mudrock. Within the Williams Fork Formation, the distribution and connectivity of fluvial sandstones significantly impact reservoir productivity and ultimate recovery. The reservoir sandstones are primarily fluvial point-bar deposits interbedded with shales and coals. Because of the lenticular geometry and limited lateral extent of the reservoir sandstones (common apparent widths of ∼500–1000 ft; ∼150–300 m), relatively high well densities (e.g. 10 acre (660 ft; 200 m) spacing) are often required to deplete the reservoir. Heterogeneity of these fluvial deposits includes larger scale stratigraphic variability associated with vertical stacking patterns and structural heterogeneities associated with faults that exhibit lateral and reverse offsets. The discontinuous character of the fluvial sandstones and lack of distinct marker beds in the middle and upper parts of the Williams Fork Formation make correlation between wells tenuous, even at a 10 acre well spacing. Some intervals of thicker and amalgamated sandstones within the middle and upper Williams Fork Formation can be correlated across greater distances. To aid correlation and for 3D reservoir modelling, vertical lithology proportion curves were used to estimate stratigraphic trends and define the stratigraphic zonation within the reservoir interval. Object-based and indicator-based modelling methods have been applied to the same data and results from the models were compared. Results from the 3D modelling indicate that sandstone connectivity increases with net-to-gross ratio and, at lower net-to-gross ratios (<30%), differences exist in

  2. A Late Pleistocene linear dune dam record of aeolian-fluvial dynamics at the fringes of the northwestern Negev dunefield

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roskin, Joel; Bookman, Revital; Friesem, David; Vardi, Jacob

    2017-04-01

    The paper presents a late Pleistocene aeolian-fluvial record within a linear dune-like structure that partway served as a dune dam. Situated along the southern fringe of the northwestern Negev desert dunefield (Israel) the structure's morphology, orientation, and some of its stratigraphic units partly resemble adjacent west-east extending vegetated linear dunes. Uneven levels of light-colored, fine-grained fluvial deposits (LFFDs) extend to the north and south from the flanks of the studied structure. Abundant Epipalaeolithic sites line the fringes of the LFFDs. The LFFD microstructures of fine graded bedding and clay blocky peds indicate sorting and shrinking of saturated clays in transitional environments between low energy flows to shallow standing water formed by dunes damming a mid-sized drainage system. The structure's architecture of interchanging units of sand with LFFDs indicates interchanging dominances between aeolian sand incursion and winter floods. Sand mobilization associated with powerful winds during the Heinrich 1 event led to dune damming downstream of the structure and within the structure to in-situ sand deposition, partial fluvial erosion, reworking of the sand, and LFFD deposition. Increased sand deposition led to structure growth and blockage of its drainage system that in turn accumulated LFFD units up stream of the structure. Extrapolation of current local fluvial sediment yields indicate that LFFD accretion up to the structure's brim occurred over a short period of several decades. Thin layers of Geometric Kebaran (c. 17.5-14.5 ka cal BP) to Harifian (12-11 ka BP) artifacts within the structure's surface indicates intermittent, repetitive, and short term camping utilizing adjacent water along a timespan of 4-6 kyr. The finds directly imply that the NW Negev LFFDs formed in dune-dammed water bodies which themselves were formed following events of vegetated linear dune elongation. LFFD accumulation persisted as a result of dune dam

  3. Transport and redistribution of Chernobyl fallout radionuclides by fluvial processes: some preliminary evidence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Walling, D.E.; Bradley, S.B.

    1988-01-01

    Several measurements of 137 Cs concentrations in suspended sediment transported by the River Severn during the post-Chernobyl period and in recent channel and floodplain deposits along the river emphasise the potential significance of fluvial processes in the transport and concentration of fallout radionuclides. (author)

  4. The impact of disturbance on the dynamics of fluvial processes in mountain landscapes

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Langhammer, J.; Hartvich, Filip; Kliment, Z.; Jeníček, M.; Bernsteinová (Kaiglová), J.; Vlček, L.; Su, Y.; Štych, P.; Miřijovský, J.

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 21, č. 1 (2015), s. 105-116 ISSN 1211-7420 Institutional support: RVO:67985891 Keywords : runoff * fluvial dynamics * forest disturbance * climate change * Bohemian Forest Subject RIV: DE - Earth Magnetism, Geodesy, Geography http://www.npsumava.cz/gallery/31/9345-sg_21_1_langhammeretal.pdf

  5. Modelling the impact of regional uplift and local tectonics on fluvial terrace preservation.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Viveen, W.; Schoorl, J.M.; Veldkamp, A.; Balen, van R.T.

    2014-01-01

    A terrace formation model (TERRACE) combined with a longitudinal river profile model (FLUVER) was used to simulate fluvial terrace formation and preservation in the northwest Iberian lower Miño River basin under the influence of three tectonic conditions; namely regional vertical uplift, local basin

  6. Telhado verde: uma alternativa sustentável para a gestão das águas pluviais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rutinéia Tassi

    Full Text Available O crescimento da população urbana tem gerado impactos negativos muito mais significativos sobre o meio ambiente, tais como as enchentes, que se mostram cada vez mais severas em decorrência da impermeabilização do solo com a falta de um plano de manejo das águas pluviais, e o emprego excessivo de canalizações. Diante da necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma na concepção das obras de drenagem pluvial, surgiu o conceito de Desenvolvimento de Baixo Impacto (DBI, cujo princípio é a gestão das águas pluviais próximo a sua origem, buscando a utilização de técnicas que permitam mimetizar funções naturais que são perdidas com a urbanização. Nesse contexto, os telhados verdes vêm sendo empregados, pois, além de outros benefícios, contribuem para o controle quali-quantitativo das águas pluviais. Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados de um estudo de longo prazo sobre a eficiência de um telhado verde no controle quantitativo das águas pluviais. Foi possível reduzir, em média, 62% do escoamento superficial, promovendo um retardo no escoamento e reduzindo as vazões de pico, o que gerou o controle desejado. No entanto, sua eficiência é altamente influenciada pelas condições climáticas e de umidade do solo que antecedem cada evento chuvoso.

  7. Effects of Wildfire on Fluvial Sediment Regime through Perturbations in Dry-Ravel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Florsheim, J. L.; Chin, A.; Kinoshita, A. M.; Nourbakhshbeidokhti, S.; Storesund, R.; Keller, E. A.

    2015-12-01

    In steep chaparral ecosystems with Mediterranean climate, dry ravel is a natural process resulting from wildfire disturbance that supplies sediment to fluvial systems. When dense chaparral vegetation burns, sediment accumulated on steep hillslopes is released for dry-season transport (dry ravel) down steep hillslopes during or soon after the wildfire. Results of a field study in southern California's Transverse Ranges illustrate the effect of wildfire on fluvial sediment regime in an unregulated chaparral system. Big Sycamore Canyon in the steep Santa Monica Mountains burned during the May 2013 Springs Fire and experienced one small sediment-transporting stormflow during the following winter. We conducted pre- and post-storm field campaigns during the fall and winter following the fire to quantify the effect of wildfire on the fluvial sediment regime. We utilized a sediment mass balance approach in which: 1) sediment supply, consisting primarily of dry ravel-derived deposits composed of relatively fine grained-sediment, was measured in the upstream basin and in the hillslope-channel margin adjacent to the study reach; 2) changes in storage in the study reach were quantified by analyzing the difference between pre- and post-storm channel topography derived from Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS) and field surveys; and 3) transport from the study reach was estimated as the difference between supply and change in storage where uncertainty is estimated using calculated sediment transport as a comparison. Results demonstrate channel deposition caused by changes in the short-term post-wildfire sediment regime. The increased sediment supply and storage are associated with significant changes in morphology, channel bed-material characteristics, and ecology. These results suggest that dry-ravel processes are an important factor to consider in post-wildfire sediment management.

  8. Facies architecture and high resolution sequence stratigraphy of an aeolian, fluvial and shallow marine system in the Pennsylvanian Piauí Formation, Parnaíba Basin, Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vieira, Lucas Valadares; Scherer, Claiton Marlon dos Santos

    2017-07-01

    The Pennsylvanian Piauí Formation records the deposition of aeolian, fluvial and shallow marine systems accumulated in the cratonic sag Parnaíba basin. Characterization of the facies associations and sequence stratigraphic framework was done by detailed description and logging of outcrops. Six facies associations were recognized: aeolian dunes and interdunes, aeolian sandsheets, fluvial channels, tidally-influenced fluvial channels, shoreface and shoreface-shelf transition. Through correlation of stratigraphic surfaces, the facies associations were organized in system tracts, which formed eight high frequency depositional sequences, bounded by subaerial unconformities. These sequences are composed of a lowstand system tract (LST), that is aeolian-dominated or fluvial-dominated, a transgressive system tract (TST) that is formed by tidally-influenced fluvial channels and/or shoreface and shoreface-shelf transition deposits with retrogradational stacking, and a highstand system tract (HST), which is formed by shoreface-shelf transition and shoreface deposits with progradational stacking. Two low frequency cycles were determined by observing the stacking of the high frequency cycles. The Lower Sequence is characterized by aeolian deposits of the LST and an aggradational base followed by a progressive transgression, defining a general TST. The Upper Sequence is characterized by fluvial deposits and interfluve pedogenesis concurring with the aeolian deposits of the LST and records a subtle regression followed by transgression. The main control on sedimentation in the Piauí Formation was glacioeustasy, which was responsible for the changes in relative sea level. Even though, climate changes were associated with glacioeustatic phases and influenced the aeolian and fluvial deposition.

  9. NASCENTES ANTROPOGÊNICAS: PROCESSOS TECNOGÊNICOS E HIDROGEOMORFOLÓGICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Fernandes Felippe

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Nascentes de cursos d’água são sistemas ambientais em que a água emerge naturalmente do meio subterrâneo integrando a rede de drenagem superficial. Porém, no Tecnógeno, as intervenções humanas podem criar condições necessárias para a exfiltração da água onde originalmente isso não ocorreria. Se essa nova zona de descarga se conecta com a rede de drenagem via fluxos superficiais, ela pode ser considerada uma nascente de acordo com os conceitos acadêmicos mais aceitos. Entretanto, por sua origem ter sido induzida pelos seres humanos, esta deve ser considerada uma nascente antropogênica. Esse trabalho aborda conceitualmente as nascentes antropogênicas baseado em trabalhos de campo realizados no espaço metropolitano de Belo Horizonte-MG, explorando suas características principais. Além disso, são evidenciadas as diferenças entre a influência humana sobre as nascentes e a antropogenia desses sistemas, identificando os processos antrópicos que podem originar nascentes e discutindo as possíveis conseqüências dessas intervenções. Por fim, seis casos ilustrativos são apresentados, demonstrando como as nascentes antropogênicas podem ser formadas e suas conseqüências para a dinâmica hidrogeomorfológica.

  10. Prática fisioterapêutica no tratamento da fibrose cística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Lazzarim de Conto

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available A fibrose cística (FC, denominada também de mucoviscidose, é uma doença genética do tipo autossômica recessiva que acomete principalmente crianças e indivíduos de raça branca. O objetivo deste estudo foi propiciar uma visão sobre a FC, assim como as possíveis formas de tratamento fisioterapêutico. A pesquisa da literatura foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e PubMed, no período de abril de 2002 a março de 2013, através da seleção de artigos científicos referentes à FC, utilizando como palavras-chave: “fibrose cística”, “fisioterapia em fibrose cística” e “fisioterapia respiratória”. Por meio desta revisão, pôde-se observar que, apesar da complexidade da doença, a prática fisioterapêutica, com o uso das técnicas: tapotagem, vibração, drenagem postural (DP, huffing, oscilação oral de alta frequência (OOAF, drenagem autógena (DA e o ciclo ativo da respiração (CAR, apresenta eficácia tanto no tratamento como na manutenção da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com FC.

  11. Fluvial organic carbon flux from an eroding peatland catchment, southern Pennines, UK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. R. Pawson

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available This study investigates for the first time the relative importance of dissolved organic carbon (DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC in the fluvial carbon flux from an actively eroding peatland catchment in the southern Pennines, UK. Event scale variability in DOC and POC was examined and the annual flux of fluvial organic carbon was estimated for the catchment. At the event scale, both DOC and POC were found to increase with discharge, with event based POC export accounting for 95% of flux in only 8% of the time. On an annual cycle, exports of 35.14 t organic carbon (OC are estimated from the catchment, which represents an areal value of 92.47 g C m−2 a−1. POC was the most significant form of organic carbon export, accounting for 80% of the estimated flux. This suggests that more research is required on both the fate of POC and the rates of POC export in eroding peatland catchments.

  12. The Amazonian Craton and its influence on past fluvial systems (Mesozoic-Cenozoic, Amazonia)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hoorn, C.; Roddaz, M.; Dino, R.; Soares, E.; Uba, C.; Ochoa-Lozano, D.; Mapes, R.; Hoorn, C.; Wesselingh, F.P.

    2010-01-01

    The Amazonian Craton is an old geological feature of Archaean/Proterozoic age that has determined the character of fluvial systems in Amazonia throughout most of its past. This situation radically changed during the Cenozoic, when uplift of the Andes reshaped the relief and drainage patterns of

  13. Caracterização hidrológica e geomorfológica dos afluentes da Bacia do Rio Araguaia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samia Aquino

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available O conhecimento do comportamento hidrológico e geomorfológico da bacia do Araguaia têm avançado significativamente nos últimos anos. Porém, dados essenciais para o entendimento do sistema e para o planejamento de recursos hídricos, como são as estimativas de aportes líquidos anuais dos tributários não foram obtidos. Neste artigo se organizou uma regionalização baseada na geologia e geomorfologia dominantes das bacias dos afuentes, se caracterizou o funcionamento hidrológico geral dos mesmos e com as 11 estações dos tributários disponíveis para toda a bacia se calculou uma curva de correlação entre as variáveis área de drenagem e vazão. Devido à falta de estações fluviométricas no baixo curso dos afluentes, se estimaram os aportes líquidos médios anuais dos mesmos por meio da utilização de área de drenagem na foz dos tributários. Foram calculados posteriormente, os aportes correspondentes para a alta, média e baixa bacia. Estes valores estimados da curva foram confrontados com os dados existentes nas principais estações hidrológicas localizadas no canal principal do Araguaia (9 estações. O Alto curso tem uma representatividade de 10,4% do fluxo da bacia. O médio Araguaia contribui com 77,5% da descarga total e o baixo Araguaia contribui com 12,06% da vazão da bacia. A respeito da entrada por margens, os afluentes da margem esquerda contribuem com 179.363,88 km2 e uma vazÃo média anual de 2.785,13 m3/s enquanto os da margem direita aportam 3.223,28 m3/s de vazão média anual drenando uma totalidade de 204.635,56 km2.

  14. New Mesoscale Fluvial Landscapes - Seismic Geomorphology and Exploration

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilkinson, M. J.

    2013-01-01

    Megafans (100-600 km radius) are very large alluvial fans that cover significant areas on most continents, the surprising finding of recent global surveys. The number of such fans and patterns of sedimentation on them provides new mesoscale architectures that can now be applied on continental fluvial depositional systems, and therefore on. Megafan-scale reconstructions underground as yet have not been attempted. Seismic surveys offer new possibilities in identifying the following prospective situations at potentially unsuspected locations: (i) sand concentrations points, (ii) sand-mud continuums at the mesoscale, (iii) paleo-valley forms in these generally unvalleyed landscapes, (iv) stratigraphic traps, and (v) structural traps.

  15. Transport and deposition of plutonium-contaminated sediments by fluvial processes, Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Graf, W.L.

    1996-01-01

    Between 1945 and 1952 the development of nuclear weapons at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, resulted in the disposal of plutonium into the alluvium of nearby Acid and (to a lesser degree) DP Canyons. The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between the disposal sites and the main river, a 20 km link formed by the fluvial system of Acid, Pueblo, DP, and Los Alamos Canyons. Empirical data from 15 yr of annual sediment sampling throughout the canyon system has produced 458 observations of plutonium concentration in fluvial sediments. These data show that, overall, mean plutonium concentrations in fluvial sediment decline from 10,000 fCi/g near the disposal area to 100 fCi/g at the confluence of the canyon system and the Rio Grande. Simulations using a computer model for water, sediment, and plutonium routing in the canyon system show that discharges as large as the 25 yr event would fail to develop enough transport capacity to completely remove the contaminated sediments from Pueblo Canyon. Lesser flows would move some materials to the Rio Grande by remobilization of stored sediments. The simulations also show that the deposits and their contaminants have a predictable geography because they occur where stream power is low, hydraulic resistance is high, and the geologic and/or geomorphic conditions provide enough space for storage. 38 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab

  16. Re-evaluating luminescence burial doses and bleaching of fluvial deposits using Bayesian computational statistics.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cunningham, A.C.; Wallinga, J.; Versendaal, Alice; Makaske, A.; Middelkoop, H.; Hobo, N.

    2015-01-01

    The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal from fluvial sediment often contains a remnant from the previous deposition cycle, leading to a partially bleached equivalent-dose distribution. Although identification of the burial dose is of primary concern, the degree of bleaching could

  17. Re-evaluating luminescence burial doses and bleaching of fluvial deposits using Bayesian computational statistics

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cunningham, A. C.; Wallinga, J.; Hobo, N.; Versendaal, A. J.; Makaske, B.; Middelkoop, H.

    2015-01-01

    The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal from fluvial sediment often contains a remnant from the previous deposition cycle, leading to a partially bleached equivalent-dose distribution. Although identification of the burial dose is of primary concern, the degree of bleaching could

  18. Study on fine geological modelling of the fluvial sandstone reservoir in Daqing oilfield

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhoa Han-Qing [Daqing Research Institute, Helongjiang (China)

    1997-08-01

    These paper aims at developing a method for fine reservoir description in maturing oilfields by using close spaced well logging data. The main productive reservoirs in Daqing oilfield is a set of large fluvial-deltaic deposits in the Songliao Lake Basin, characterized by multi-layers and serious heterogeneities. Various fluvial channel sandstone reservoirs cover a fairly important proportion of reserves. After a long period of water flooding, most of them have turned into high water cut layers, but there are considerable residual reserves within them, which are difficult to find and tap. Making fine reservoir description and developing sound a geological model is essential for tapping residual oil and enhancing oil recovery. The principal reason for relative lower precision of predicting model developed by using geostatistics is incomplete recognition of complex distribution of fluvial reservoirs and their internal architecture`s. Tasking advantage of limited outcrop data from other regions (suppose no outcrop data available in oilfield) can only provide the knowledge of subtle changing of reservoir parameters and internal architecture. For the specific geometry distribution and internal architecture of subsurface reservoirs (such as in produced regions) can be gained only from continuous infilling logging well data available from studied areas. For developing a geological model, we think the first important thing is to characterize sandbodies geometries and their general architecture`s, which are the framework of models, and then the slight changing of interwell parameters and internal architecture`s, which are the contents and cells of the model. An excellent model should possess both of them, but the geometry is the key to model, because it controls the contents and cells distribution within a model.

  19. On the Application of an Enthalpy Method to the Evolution of Fluvial Deltas Under Sea-Level Changes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anderson, W.; Lorenzo-Trueba, J.; Voller, V. R.

    2017-12-01

    Fluvial deltas are composites of two primary sedimentary environments: a depositional fluvial region and an offshore region. The fluvial region is defined by two geomorphic moving boundaries: an alluvial-bedrock transition (ABT), which separates the sediment prism from the non-erodible bedrock basement, and the shoreline (SH), where the delta meets the ocean. The trajectories of these boundaries in time and space define the evolution of the shape of the sedimentary prism, and are often used as stratigraphic indicators, particularly in seismic studies, of changes in relative sea level and the identification of stratigraphic sequences. In order to better understand the relative role of sea-level variations, tectonics, and sediment supply on the evolution of these boundaries, we develop a forward stratigraphic model that captures the dynamic behavior of the fluvial surface and treats the SH and ABT as moving boundaries (i.e., internal boundaries whose location must be determined as part of the solution to the overall morphological evolution problem). This forward model extends a numerical technique from heat transfer (i.e., enthalpy method), previously applied to the evolution of sedimentary basins, to account for sea-level changes. The mathematics of the approach are verified by comparing predictions from the numerical model with both existing and newly developed closed form analytical solutions. Model results support previous work, which suggests that the migration of the ABT can respond very differently to the sea-level signal. This response depends on factors such as sediment supply and delta length, which can vary greatly between basins. These results can have important implications for the reconstruction of past sea-level changes from the stratigraphic record of sedimentary basins.

  20. Assessing Potential Algal Blooms in a Shallow Fluvial Lake by Combining Hydrodynamic Modelling and Remote-Sensed Images

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monica Pinardi

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Shallow fluvial lakes are dynamic ecosystems shaped by physical and biological factors and characterized by the coexistence of phytoplankton and macrophytes. Due to multiple interplaying factors, understanding the distribution of phytoplankton in fluvial lakes is a complex but fundamental issue, in the context of increasing eutrophication, climate change, and multiple water uses. We analyze the distribution of phytoplankton by combining remotely sensed maps of chlorophyll-a with a hydrodynamic model in a dammed fluvial lake (Mantua Superior Lake, Northern Italy. The numerical simulation of different conditions shows that the main hydrodynamic effects which influence algal distribution are related to the combined effect of advection due to wind forces and local currents, as well as to the presence of large gyres which induce recirculation and stagnation regions, favoring phytoplankton accumulation. Therefore, the general characters of the phytoplankton horizontal patchiness can be inferred from the results of the hydrodynamic model. Conversely, hyperspectral remote-sensing products can be used to validate this model, as they provide chlorophyll-a distribution maps. The integration of ecological, hydraulic, and remote-sensing techniques may therefore help the monitoring and protection of inland water quality, with important improvements in management actions by policy makers.

  1. Analysis of Fluvial Bed Sediments Along the Apalachicola River, Florida through Field Reconnaissance Studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Passeri, D.; Hagen, S. C.; Daranpob, A.; Smar, D. E.

    2011-12-01

    River competence is an important parameter in understanding sediment transport in fluvial systems. Competence is defined as the measure of a stream's ability to transport a certain maximum grain size of sediment. Studies have shown that bed sediment particle size in rivers and streams tends to vary spatially along the direction of stream flow. Over a river section several reaches long, variability of sediment particle sizes can be seen, often becoming finer downstream. This phenomenon is attributed to mechanisms such as local control of stream gradient, coarse tributary sediment supply or particle breakdown. Average particle size may also be smaller in tributary sections of rivers due to river morphology. The relationship between river mean velocity and particle size that can be transported has also been explored. The Hjulstrom curve classifies this relationship by relating particle size to velocity, dividing the regions of sedimentation, transportation, and erosion. The curve can also be used to find values such as the critical erosion velocity (the velocity required to transport particles of various sizes in suspension) and settling velocity (the velocity at which particles of a given size become too heavy to be transported and fall out of suspension, consequently causing deposition). The purpose of this research is to explore the principles of river competence through field reconnaissance collection and laboratory analysis of fluvial sediment core samples along the Apalachicola River, FL and its distributaries. Sediment core samples were collected in the wetlands and estuarine regions of the Apalachicola River. Sieve and hydrometer analyses were performed to determine the spatial distribution of particle sizes along the river. An existing high resolution hydrodynamic model of the study domain was used to simulate tides and generate river velocities. The Hjulstrom curve and the generated river velocities were used to define whether sediment was being transported

  2. Rapid fluvial incision of a late Holocene lava flow: Insights from LiDAR, alluvial stratigraphy, and numerical modeling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sweeney, Kristin; Roering, Joshua J.

    2016-01-01

    Volcanic eruptions fundamentally alter landscapes, paving over channels, decimating biota, and emplacing fresh, unweathered material. The fluvial incision of blocky lava flows is a geomorphic puzzle. First, high surface permeability and lack of sediment should preclude geomorphically effective surface runoff and dissection. Furthermore, past work has demonstrated the importance of extreme floods in driving incision via column toppling and plucking in columnar basalt, but it is unclear how incision occurs in systems where surface blocks are readily mobile. We examine rapid fluvial incision of the Collier lava flow, an andesitic Holocene lava flow in the High Cascades of Oregon. Since lava flow emplacement ∼1600 yr ago, White Branch Creek has incised bedrock gorges up to 8 m deep into the coherent core of the lava flow and deposited >0.2 km3 of sediment on the lava flow surface. Field observation points to a bimodal discharge regime in the channel, with evidence for both annual snowmelt runoff and outburst floods from Collier glacier, as well as historical evidence of vigorous glacial meltwater. To determine the range of discharge events capable of incision in White Branch Creek, we used a mechanistic model of fluvial abrasion. We show that the observed incision implies that moderate flows are capable of both initiating channel formation and sustaining incision. Our results have implications for the evolution of volcanic systems worldwide, where glaciation and/or mass wasting may accelerate fluvial processes by providing large amounts of sediment to otherwise porous, sediment-starved landscapes.

  3. Modelagem da Lagoa da Pampulha: uma ferramenta para avaliar o impacto da bacia hidrográfica na dinâmica do fitoplâncton

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Talita Fernanda das Graças Silva

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO No processo de urbanização, o aumento na proporção de superfícies impermeabilizadas e as mudanças no uso do solo são responsáveis por maiores volumes e velocidades do escoamento superficial, refletindo em uma maior capacidade de arraste e em um maior aporte de nutrientes nos corpos d'água receptores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi implementar uma ferramenta matemática capaz de reproduzir o impacto de mudanças na bacia hidrográfica sobre a dinâmica do fitoplâncton em um lago urbano. Neste artigo são apresentados o desenvolvimento e os resultados de um modelo integrado constituído de um modelo hidrológico, para simular vazões escoadas em uma bacia hidrográfica, e de um modelo hidrodinâmico e ecológico, para simular a biomassa fitoplanctônica em um corpo d'água urbano. A Lagoa da Pampulha (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, escolhida como estudo de caso, foi intensamente monitorada, assim como sua bacia de drenagem, entre outubro de 2011 e junho de 2013. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para calibrar e validar ambos os modelos. Os resultados obtidos com o modelo hidrológico mostraram-se coerentes com as medidas realizadas em campo (o coeficiente de Nash variou entre 0,70 e 0,88. O modelo da lagoa representou corretamente a evolução da comunidade fitoplanctônica (erro médio absoluto normalizado: 0,25-0,42 e o coeficiente de Pearson: 0,82-0,89; p<0,0001. O monitoramento e a modelagem da lagoa mostraram que a proliferação de cianobactérias é bastante perturbada pelas desestratificações térmicas que ocorrem na lagoa em virtude de eventos meteorológicos. A ferramenta de simulação desenvolvida possui potencial para avaliar diferentes cenários de mudança das condições climáticas e das características da bacia, podendo auxiliar na gestão dos corpos d'água situados em meio urbano.

  4. Applying fluvial geomorphology to river channel management: Background for progress towards a palaeohydrology protocol

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gregory, K. J.; Benito, G.; Downs, P. W.

    2008-06-01

    Significant developments have been achieved in applicable and applied fluvial geomorphology as shown in publications of the last three decades, analyzed as the basis for using results of studies of environmental change as a basis for management. The range of types of publications and of activities are more pertinent to river channel management as a result of concern with sustainability, global climate change, environmental ethics, ecosystem health concepts and public participation. Possible applications, with particular reference to river channel changes, include those concerned with form and process, assessment of channel change, urbanization, channelization, extractive industries, impact of engineering works, historical changes in land use, and restoration with specific examples illustrated in Table 1. In order to achieve general significance for fluvial geomorphology, more theory and extension by modelling methods is needed, and examples related to morphology and process characteristics, integrated approaches, and changes of the fluvial system are collected in Table 2. The ways in which potential applications are communicated to decision-makers range from applicable outputs including publications ranging from review papers, book chapters, and books, to applied outputs which include interdisciplinary problem solving, educational outreach, and direct involvement, with examples summarized in Table 3. On the basis of results gained from investigations covering periods longer than continuous records, a protocol embracing palaeohydrological inputs for application to river channel management is illustrated and developed as a synopsis version (Table 4), demonstrating how conclusions from geomorphological research can be expressed in a format which can be considered by managers.

  5. Tamarix, hydrology and fluvial geomorphology: Chapter 7

    Science.gov (United States)

    Auerbach, Daniel A.; Merritt, David M.; Shafroth, Patrick B.; Sher, Anna A; Quigley, Martin F.

    2013-01-01

    This chapter explores the impact of hydrology and fluvial geomorphology on the distribution and abundance of Tamarix as well as the reciprocal effects of Tamarix on hydrologic and geomorphic conditions. It examines whether flow-regime alteration favors Tamarix establishment over native species, and how Tamarix stands modify processes involved in the narrowing of river channels and the formation of floodplains. It begins with an overview of the basic geomorphic and hydrologic character of rivers in the western United States before analyzing how this setting has contributed to the regional success of Tamarix. It then considers the influence of Tamarix on the hydrogeomorphic form and function of rivers and concludes by discussing how a changing climate, vegetation management, and continued water-resource development affect the future role of Tamarix in these ecosystems.

  6. A method of fingerprinting the sources of fluvial sediment using environmental radionuclides. A case study of Tsuzura river watershed

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mizugaki, Shigeru; Onda, Yuichi; Fukuyama, Taijiro; Koga, Satoko; Hiramatsu, Shinya

    2006-01-01

    To study the fluvial sediment sources in forested watershed in Shikoku Island, Japan, the concentration of Cs-137 and Pb-210 ex and U decay series radionuclides were analyzed. The study area in the midstream of Shimanto River basin, located 700 km southwest of Tokyo. The 0.33 km 2 area watershed ranges in elevation from 170 m to 560 m above sea level. The soil sampling was conducted in hillslopes in various locations such as landslide scar, soil surface in unmanaged Hinoki (Chamacecyparis obtusa) plantation and unsealed forest road, and detailed sampling in the stream bed and bank was also conducted in several tributaries. Time-integrated suspended sediment sampler was adopted to obtain enough volume of sample to determine the radionuclides. The activities of Cs-137, Pb-210, Pb-214 and Bi-214 of soils and fluvial sediments were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry. Correction for the effect of particle size distribution and organic matter content on the radionuclides were conducted to compare the radionuclides concentration between the soils of potential suspended sediment sources and fluvial sediments. It was found that there were significant differences of Cs-137 and Pb-210 ex concentration between forest floor or runoff sediment and forest road or stream bank. The Cs-137 and Pb-210 ex concentration of suspended sediment varied among them, suggesting the possibility of fingerprinting the sources of fluvial sediment by Cs-137 and Pb-210 ex . (author)

  7. Stable carbon isotope analysis of fluvial sediment fluxes over two contrasting C(4) -C(3) semi-arid vegetation transitions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Puttock, Alan; Dungait, Jennifer A J; Bol, Roland; Dixon, Elizabeth R; Macleod, Christopher J A; Brazier, Richard E

    2012-10-30

    Globally, many drylands are experiencing the encroachment of woody vegetation into grasslands. These changes in ecosystem structure and processes can result in increased sediment and nutrient fluxes due to fluvial erosion. As these changes are often accompanied by a shift from C(4) to C(3) vegetation with characteristic δ(13) C values, stable isotope analysis provides a promising mechanism for tracing these fluxes. Input vegetation, surface sediment and fluvially eroded sediment samples were collected across two contrasting C(4) -C(3) dryland vegetation transitions in New Mexico, USA. Isotope ratio mass spectrometric analyses were performed using a Carlo Erba NA2000 analyser interfaced to a SerCon 20-22 isotope ratio mass spectrometer to determine bulk δ(13) C values. Stable isotope analyses of contemporary input vegetation and surface sediments over the monitored transitions showed significant differences (p fluvially eroded sediment from each of the sites, with no significant variation between surface sediment and eroded sediment values. The significant differences in bulk δ(13) C values between sites were dependent on vegetation input. Importantly, these values were robustly expressed in fluvially eroded sediments, suggesting that stable isotope analysis is suitable for tracing sediment fluxes. Due to the prevalent nature of these dryland vegetation transitions in the USA and globally, further development of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry has provided a valuable tool for enhanced understanding of functional changes in these ecosystems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  8. Influencia de tres tipos de vegetación riberena en el control de la erosión fluvial en Pantanos de Centla, México

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sepúlveda, A.; Geissen, V.; Ochoa-Gaona, S.; Jarquin-Sanchez, A.; Hernandez de la Cruz, S.; Zamora-Cornelio, L.F.

    2009-01-01

    Influence of three types of riparian vegetation on fluvial erosion control in Pantanos de Centla, Mexico. Wetlands constitute very important ecological areas. The aim of this study was to quantify the soil losses due to fluvial erosion from 2006 to 2008 in two riverbanks under three types of vegetal

  9. Climate evolution during the Pleniglacial and Late Glacial as recorded in quartz grain morphoscopy of fluvial to aeolian successions of the European Sand Belt

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Woronko Barbara

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available We present results of research into fluvial to aeolian successions at four sites in the foreland of the Last Glacial Maximum, i.e., the central part of the “European Sand Belt”. These sites include dune fields on higher-lying river terraces and alluvial fans. Sediments were subjected to detailed lithofacies analyses and sampling for morphoscopic assessment of quartz grains. Based on these results, three units were identified in the sedimentary succession: fluvial, fluvio-aeolian and aeolian. Material with traces of aeolian origin predominate in these sediments and this enabled conclusions on the activity of aeolian processes during the Pleniglacial and Late Glacial, and the source of sediment supply to be drawn. Aeolian processes played a major role in the deposition of the lower portions of the fluvial and fluvio-aeolian units. Aeolian material in the fluvial unit stems from aeolian accumulation of fluvial sediments within the valley as well as particles transported by wind from beyond the valley. The fluvio-aeolian unit is composed mainly of fluvial sediments that were subject to multiple redeposition, and long-term, intensive processing in an aeolian environment. In spite of the asynchronous onset of deposition of the fluvio-aeolian unit, it is characterised by the greatest homogeneity of structural and textural characteristics. Although the aeolian unit was laid down simultaneously, it is typified by the widest range of variation in quartz morphoscopic traits. It reflects local factors, mainly the origin of the source material, rather than climate. The duration of dune-formation processes was too short to be reflected in the morphoscopy of quartz grains.

  10. Chronology of fluvial terrace sequences for large Atlantic rivers in the Iberian Peninsula (Upper Tagus and Duero drainage basins, Central Spain)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, Pablo G.; Roquero, Elvira; López-Recio, Mario; Huerta, Pedro; Martínez-Graña, Antonio M.

    2017-06-01

    This work analyses the chronology of fluvial terrace sequences of the two most important fluvial basins from central Spain draining to the Atlantic Ocean (Upper Tagus and Duero drainage basins). Both basins evolved under similar Mediterranean climatic conditions throughout the Pleistocene and present comparable number of fluvial terraces (16-17) after excluding the higher terrace levels of the Tagus (T1-T5) entrenched in the Raña surface. These higher ;rañizo terraces; was formed in response to fan-head trenching in this high alluvial piedmont (+220 m) and therefore not properly controlled by Quaternary fluvial downcutting. The study accomplishes the implementation of multiple regression analyses for terrace height-age relationships. To transform relative terrace heights above the present river thalwegs (i.e. +100 m) in numerical ages a ;height-age transference function; has been developed on the basis of preliminary statistical geochronological approaches proposed for Central Spain. The resultant height-age transference function gather 73 published geochronological data for terrace sequences, featuring a 3rd Order Polynomial Function (R2 0.90). This function describes the overall trend of valley downcutting for the last c. 2.3 Ma in Central Spain and is used to assign numerical ages to terrace levels at different relative elevation.

  11. Princesa congelada? Uma leitura feminista de Frozen - uma aventura congelante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacqueline Sobral

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo se vale das teorias da representação social para debater a construção simbólica do papel da mulher na sociedade, tendo como suporte as narrativas de contos de fada, em especial as histórias produzidas pela Disney. Partindo da hipótese de que o filme Frozen - uma aventura congelante (Frozen, 2014 representa uma leitura moderna dos tradicionais contos de fadas, propomos pensar o protagonismo da “princesa Elsa” como uma possível adoção de diretrizes feministas na construção de histórias infantis por um dos maiores conglomerados de mídia do mundo.

  12. Arsenic and fluvial biofilms: biogeochemistry, toxicity and biotic interactions

    OpenAIRE

    Barral Fraga, Laura

    2017-01-01

    Basándonos en los conocimientos actuales sobre la ecotoxicología del biofilm y la biogeoquímica del arsénico en ecosistemas dulceacuícolas, esta tesis estudió, bajo concentraciones ambientales realistas, i) el papel de los biofilms bentónicos en la biodisponibilidad y destoxificación del arsénico, ii) los efectos tóxicos del arsénico sobre la estructura y función de los biofilms bentónicos fluviales, prestando especial atención a las respuestas de las diatomeas, y iii) la interacción entre es...

  13. Contribution of radioactive tracers to sediment transport study in fluvial flows

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wilson Junior, G.

    1995-01-01

    The uses of radioactive tracers in sediment transport studies are presented in this report to evidence the importance of: Open channel researches, to describe field applications in waterways; Simultaneous utilization of classical methods and radiotracer techniques, in fluvial and estuarine environments; Development of radiotracers techniques applied in dynamic sedimentology. The report illustrated with some experiments carried out in Brazil and France, in open channel and natural flows. (author). 5 refs, 4 figs

  14. Gully annealing by fluvially-sourced Aeolian sand: remote sensing investigations of connectivity along the Fluvial-Aeolian-hillslope continuum on the Colorado River

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sankey, Joel B.; East, Amy E.; Collins, Brian D.; Caster, Joshua J.

    2015-01-01

    Processes contributing to development of ephemeral gully channels are of great importance to landscapes worldwide, and particularly in dryland regions where soil loss and land degradation from gully erosion pose long-term, land-management problems. Whereas gully formation has been relatively well studied, much less is known of the processes that anneal gullies and impede their growth. This work investigates gully annealing by aeolian sediment, along the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons, Arizona, USA (Figure 1). In this segment of the Colorado River, gully erosion potentially affects the stability and preservation of archaeological sites that are located within valley margins. Gully erosion occurs as a function of ephemeral, rainfall-induced overland flow associated with intense episodes of seasonal precipitation. Measurements of sediment transport and topographic change have demonstrated that fluvial sand in some locations is transported inland and upslope by aeolian processes to areas affected by gully erosion, and aeolian sediment activity can be locally effective at counteracting gully erosion (Draut, 2012; Collins and others, 2009, 2012; Sankey and Draut, 2014). The degree to which specific locations are affected by upslope wind redistribution of sand from active channel sandbars to higher elevation valley margins is termed “connectivity”. Connectivity is controlled spatially throughout the river by (1) the presence of upwind sources of fluvial sand within the contemporary active river channel (e.g., sandbars), and (2) bio-physical barriers that include vegetation and topography that might impede aeolian sediment transport. The primary hypothesis of this work is that high degrees of connectivity lead to less gullying potential.

  15. Tornar-se uma outra na histeria e ser uma outra do falso self

    OpenAIRE

    Pinheiro, Teresa

    2004-01-01

    Este trabalho pretende fazer uma comparação entre a histeria e o falso self a partir do projeto de “ser uma outra” presente nas duas patologias. O projeto de “tornar-se uma outra” na histeria aponta para personagens que necessariamente estão presentes nesse modelo fantasmático: a vítima e o vilão. A noção de “ser uma outra”, no falso-self, apresenta-se como única forma possível de estar no mundo, onde a ilusão não tem lugar. Este trabajo pretende comparar la histeria con el falso-self a pa...

  16. Fluvial diffluence episodes reflected in the Pleistocene tufa deposits of the River Piedra (Iberian Range, NE Spain)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vázquez-Urbez, M.; Pardo, G.; Arenas, C.; Sancho, C.

    2011-01-01

    The Pleistocene deposits of the valley of the River Piedra (NE Spain) are represented by thick tufas with small amounts of detrital material; the development of these deposits correlates with marine isotopic stages 9, 7, 6, and 5. The sedimentary scenario in which they formed mostly corresponded to stepped fluvial systems with barrage-cascade and associated dammed areas separated by low gradient fluvial stretches. Mapping and determining the sedimentology and chronology of these deposits distinguished two main episodes of fluvial diffluence that originated as a result of the temporary blockage of the river — a consequence of the vertical growth of tufa barrages in the main channel. In both episodes, water spilt out toward a secondary course from areas upstream of barrages where the water level surpassed the height of the divide between the main and secondary course. As a consequence, extensive and distinct tufa deposits with very varied facies formed over a gently inclined area toward and, indeed, within the secondary course. The hydrology of this secondary course was episodic, fed only by surface water. The two diffluence episodes detected occurred during MIS 7 and 7-6 and were interrupted by incision events, reflected by detrital deposits at the base of each tufa sedimentation stage in the main channel. Incision, which caused the breakage of the barrages, allowed water to again flow through the main channel. No evidence of diffluence was seen in any younger (MIS 5 to present-day) tufa deposits. The proposed diffluence model might help explain other carbonate fluvial systems in which (1) tufas appear in areas with no permanent water supply, and (2) tufas are absent over extensive areas despite conditions favourable to their formation.

  17. Relação entre heterogeneidade ambiental e distribuição de espécies em uma floresta paludosa no Município de Cristais Paulista, SP, Brasil Floristic composition and relationship between environmental heterogeneity and species distribution in a swamp forest from Cristais Paulista, São Paulo State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aloysio de Pádua Teixeira

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Neste estudo foi caracterizada a composição florística e fitossociológica de uma floresta paludosa no nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, onde variações no padrão de drenagem ocorrem principalmente no sentido perpendicular ao curso d'água, em função da topografia. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a distribuição das espécies em relação ao substrato e a entrada de luz na comunidade. Foram alocadas 60 parcelas de 10×10 m, distribuídas em seis grupos de 10 parcelas cada. Em cada parcela foram medidos e identificados os indivíduos com PAP > 10 cm, avaliadas as propriedades químicas e granulometria do solo, o desnível topográfico, a drenagem e a abertura do dossel. Foram registradas 88 espécies, das quais 61 foram observadas nas parcelas. Uma análise de correspondência canônica (CCA indicou correlações entre a distribuição das 29 espécies mais abundantes e drenagem, desnível topográfico e Fe no eixo 1 e abertura do dossel no eixo 2. O coeficiente de Spearman indicou correlações significativas entre 66% das 29 espécies e profundidade do lençol freático ou abertura do dossel. Como exemplo, Calophyllum brasiliense e Xylopia emarginata prevaleceram em solos mal drenados; Siphoneugena densiflora e Virola sebifera em solos bem drenados; Myrcia laruotteana e Xylopia sericea em parcelas com maior abertura de dossel. A heterogeneidade ambiental foi um importante fator na determinação da distribuição e a coexistência de espécies, resultando em um incremento na diversidade local.In the present study, we characterized the floristic composition and tree structure of a swamp forest in northeast of São Paulo State, Brazil, where the drainage pattern changes mainly across the watercourse due to the topography. We aimed to investigate the species distribution in relation to substrate and light entrance in the community. Sixty quadrats (10×10 m were divided into six groups of 10 plots. In each quadrat, individuals with PBH > 10

  18. Characterizing Feedbacks Between Environmental Forcing and Sediment Characteristics in Fluvial and Coastal Systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feehan, S.; Ruggiero, P.; Hempel, L. A.; Anderson, D. L.; Cohn, N.

    2016-12-01

    Characterizing Feedbacks Between Environmental Forcing and Sediment Characteristics in Fluvial and Coastal Systems American Geophysical Union, 2016 Fall Meeting: San Francisco, CA Authors: Scott Feehan, Peter Ruggiero, Laura Hempel, and Dylan Anderson Linking transport processes and sediment characteristics within different environments along the source to sink continuum provides critical insight into the dominant feedbacks between grain size distributions and morphological evolution. This research is focused on evaluating differences in sediment size distributions across both fluvial and coastal environments in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The Cascades' high relief is characterized by diverse flow regimes with high peak/flashy flows and sub-threshold flows occurring in relative proximity and one of the most energetic wave climates in the world. Combining analyses of both fluvial and coastal environments provides a broader understanding of the dominant forces driving differences between each system's grain size distributions, sediment transport processes, and resultant evolution. We consider sediment samples taken during a large-scale flume experiment that simulated floods representative of both high/flashy peak flows analogous to runoff dominated rivers and sub-threshold flows, analogous to spring-fed rivers. High discharge flows resulted in narrower grain size distributions while low flows where less skewed. Relative sediment size showed clear dependence on distance from source and the environments' dominant fluid motion. Grain size distributions and sediment transport rates were also quantified in both wave dominated nearshore and aeolian dominated backshore portions of Long Beach Peninsula, Washington during SEDEX2, the Sandbar-aEolian-Dune EXchange Experiment of summer 2016. The distributions showed spatial patterns in mean grain size, skewness, and kurtosis dependent on the dominant sediment transport process. The feedback between these grain size

  19. RELAÇÕES ENTRE REDE DE DRENAGEM E SUPERFÍCIES DE APLAINAMENTO SEMIÁRIDAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kleber Carvalho Lima

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Drenajes fluviales efímeros e intermitentes son variables importantes para la comprensión de la evolución de las superficies de aplanamiento en las zonas semiáridas. Sin embargo, actualmente este tema ha sido poco estudiado en la literatura geomorfológica brasileña. En esta investigación exploramos este tema y hemos identificado los diferentes niveles de la superficie de aplanamiento, analizamos la cobertura superficial y las características de los arroyos y analizamos la disección de las formas del terreno. Los resultados mostraron que los diferentes niveles de conservación y disección de la superficie de aplanamiento son respuestas de los procesos que actúan en los arroyos y la formación de los compartimentos geomorfológicos son respuestas directas de los diferentes patrones espaciales de la red de drenaje.

  20. Variáveis mineralógicas preditoras de fontes de produção de sedimentos, em uma bacia hidrográfica do Rio Grande do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Miguel

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O uso da mineralogia como ferramenta para a avaliação das propriedades dos minerais que compõem o solo é extremamente importante para o entendimento das diferentes relações químicas e físicas que ocorrem nele. Essas propriedades/variáveis, na identificação das fontes de sedimentos em suspensão, podem ajudar a elucidar os fatores e processos que regem a transferência de sedimentos e poluentes dos sistemas terrestres para os sistemas aquáticos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar quantitativamente a mineralogia do solo das fontes e dos sedimentos em suspensão, em uma bacia hidrográfica, e identificar quais variáveis mineralógicas possuem propriedades traçadoras. Para a identificação das fontes, foi utilizado o método fingerprinting, que compara os solos de diferentes fontes e os sedimentos que são encontrados em suspensão no canal de drenagem, usando elementos traçadores. Os principais minerais que compõem o solo das fontes e do sedimento foram caulinita, minerais de camada 2:1 e hematita e goethita. Entre os óxidos, a hematita foi o que predominou entre as amostras. As variáveis mineralógicas, teor de caulinita e de goethita apresentaram capacidade discriminante e puderam ser usados como traçadores na identificação das fontes de produção de sedimentos e na estimativa da contribuição de cada uma das fontes, aumentando assim a capacidade preditiva do modelo. A maior contribuição na produção de sedimentos foi dos canais fluviais, seguidos pela malha e, por último, pelas estradas.

  1. Quantifying bleaching for zero-age fluvial sediment: A Bayesian approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cunningham, Alastair C.; Evans, Mary; Knight, Jasper

    2015-01-01

    Luminescence dating of sediment requires the sand grains to have been exposed to sunlight prior to their most recent burial. Under fluvial transport, the amount of sunlight exposure may not always be sufficient to reset the luminescence signal, a phenomenon known as ‘partial bleaching'. The extent of bleaching is dependent on a combination of geomorphic, sedimentological and fluvial processes. If bleaching can be quantified, and the relationship with these processes understood, it could potentially be used as a new environmental proxy for changes in the dynamics of river systems. Here, we use a recently developed statistical model to evaluate the extent of bleaching, by inferring the proportion of well-bleached grains in the small-aliquot population. We sampled low-flow and flood deposits at a single site on the River Sabie, South Africa. We show that the low-flow sediment is almost perfectly bleached (>80% of grains well bleached), while sediment at flood elevations is partially bleached (20–70 % of grains well bleached). The degree of bleaching may show a relationship with flood magnitude as defined by elevation above normal river level, and we speculate on the causes of variability in bleaching between flood samples. - Highlights: • We sampled modern river sediment from low-flow and flood elevations. • The unbleached OSL dose was measured. • Bayesian methods can estimate the proportion of well-bleached grains. • Low-flow sediments are well bleached; flood deposits are poorly bleached.

  2. Manejo da palha de azevém, da adubação de base e da água de drenagem na produção de arroz irrigado Management of ryegrass straw, fertilizer and drainage water, on flooded rice prodution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Swarowsky

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Sistemas com mínimo revolvimento do solo são favoráveis ao controle de plantas daninhas, à utilização mais intensiva dos solos de várzea e à rentabilidade do orizicultor, mas apresentam algumas limitações, como a produção de substâncias que podem ser tóxicas ao arroz, bem como alterações na disponibilidade de nutrientes em ambientes alagados. O trabalho teve como objetivo comparar diferentes sistemas de manejo da palha de azevém, da adubação de base, e da drenagem, no rendimento de grãos de arroz e nos componentes da produção. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foram avaliados três níveis de manejo da resteva de azevém (planta de azevém em pé, planta de azevém incorporada e sem a planta de azevém, três condições de adubação (sem adubação, adubação do arroz 100% aplicada na semeadura do azevém e adubação do arroz 100% aplicada na semeadura do arroz e dois manejos da água de drenagem (inundação convencional em condições de campo e inundação sem drenagem. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, na cultura do arroz irrigado por inundação, a incorporação da palha de azevém e a aplicação da adubação para o arroz na semeadura do azevém não afetam o rendimento de grãos e os componentes da produção. Entretanto, a ausência de drenagem interna no solo reduz o rendimento de grãos de arroz, o número de panículas e o número de grãos por panícula.Cultivation systems with minimum tillage are used to minimize red rice incidence, improving crop yield and the agricultural exploration of lowland soils. However, some limitations are present such as toxic substances due to anaerobic straw decomposition (prejudicial to rice plant establishment, as well as alterations on some available nutrients under flooded soil water conditions. The objective of this work was to compare different drainage systems; ryegrass straw management and time of fertilizer application on

  3. Glacial vs. Interglacial Period Contrasts in Midlatitude Fluvial Systems, with Examples from Western Europe and the Texas Coastal Plain

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blum, M.

    2001-12-01

    Mixed bedrock-alluvial valleys are the conveyor belts for sediment delivery to passive continental margins. Mapping, stratigraphic and sedimentologic investigations, and development of geochronological frameworks for large midlatitude rivers of this type, in Western Europe and the Texas Coastal Plain, provide for evaluation of fluvial responses to climate change over the last glacial-interglacial period, and the foundations for future quantitative evaluation of long profile evolution, changes through time in flood magnitude, and changes in storage and flux of sediments. This paper focuses on two issues. First, glacial vs. interglacial period fluvial systems are fundamentally different in terms of channel geometry, depositional style, and patterns of sediment storage. Glacial-period systems were dominated by coarse-grained channel belts (braided channels in Europe, large-wavelength meandering in Texas), and lacked fine-grained flood-plain deposits, whereas Holocene units, especially those of late Holocene age, contain appreciable thicknesses of flood-plain facies. Hence, extreme overbank flooding was not significant during the long glacial period, most flood events were contained within bankfull channel perimeters, and fine sediments were bypassed through the system to marine basins. By contrast, extreme overbank floods have been increasingly important during the relatively short Holocene, and a significant volume of fine sediment is sequestered in flood-plain settings. Second, glacial vs. interglacial systems exhibit different amplitudes and frequencies of fluvial adjustment to climate change. High-amplitude but low-frequency adjustments characterized the long glacial period, with 2-3 extended periods of lateral migration and sediment storage puncuated by episodes of valley incision. Low-amplitude but high-frequency adjustments have been more typical of the short Holocene, when there has been little net valley incision or net changes in sediment storage, but

  4. Análise morfométrica e socioambiental de uma bacia hidrográfica Amazônica, Carlinda, MT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Keichi Umetsu

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Estudos morfométricos e socioambientais foram realizados na bacia hidrográfica do rio Monte Sinai, em Carlinda, MT, visando à criação de subsídios para a sua sustentabilidade ambiental. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados SRTM 90 m, reamostrados para 30 m, para a geração do modelo digital de elevação e dados SPOT (10 m, para a avaliação do uso e cobertura da terra, através de técnicas de SIG. Além disso, foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os moradores locais e visitas de campo. Os resultados apontaram que a bacia apresenta padrão dentrítico de quarta ordem. A razão altimétrica, declividade, densidade de drenagem e fator de forma indicaram forte controle estrutural da drenagem da bacia hidrográfica. Entretanto, o atual uso e cobertura da terra, dominada por pastagens e mata ciliar degradada, favorecem os processos erosivos e, consequentemente, a perda da ferlitiladade do solo e o assoreamento dos cursos d'água. Foram apontados indicadores de degradação, assim como estratégias de manejo adequadas à melhoria ambiental que venham contribuir e garantir a sustentabilidade ambiental da bacia.

  5. The microfauna assemblages as indicators of paleoenvironmental changes in the Miocene fluvial- lacustrine cycles (NE Duero Basin, Spain

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    A. Herrero-Hernández

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available The siliclastic and carbonate deposits are interbedded in the Villadiego area (Miocene, NE Duero Basin. They have been subdivided into two high-rank depositional sequences: DDS and CDS. The sedimentary analysis of these units and the study of the microfauna content, mainly ostracods, led to the identification of lacustrine-fluvial interaction systems. The sedimentary characteristics reveal the existence of fluvial systems of gravel, flood plains and lacustrine systems that were interconnected and intimately related in north-south direction. In the sedimentological analysis, thirteen types of fluvial and lacustrine lithofacies and six genetic facies associations were recognized. The top of DDS is the result of lake level risings. The CDS shows a deepening-shallowing cycle. The ostracod micropaleontological analysis of the sediments have been studied, with the aim of reconstructing the palaeoenvironmental evolution of this area. These microfauna assemblages integrated with the analysis of the sedimentary facies allowed to conclude the existence of lakes with a water-bearing level of few tens of meters. A change in the chemical conditions of the waters, which evolved from oligohaline and carbonated to mesohaline and sulphated is concluded.

  6. Evidence for an early land use in the Rhône delta (Mediterranean France) as recorded by late Holocene fluvial paleoenvironments (1640-100 BC)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arnaud-Fassetta, Gilles; De Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis; Suc, Jean-Pierre; Provansal, Mireille; Williamson, David; Leveau, Philippe; Aloïsi, Jean-Claude; Gadel, François; Giresse, Pierre; Oberlin, Christine; Duzer, Danièle

    The overall objective of this paper is to describe the late Holocene (1640-100 BC) sedimentary and biological evolution of the Rhône-delta-plain, to interpret the sedimentary facies and palynofacies as the result of the effects of fluvial dynamic fluctuations and relative sea level change and to evaluate the paleohydrological constraints in the development of the land use and settlements of the Camargue. Focus is made on the upper part of V III core drilled on NE of the Vaccarès lagoon. By combining sedimentology, palynology, magnetic susceptibility and archeological data, this study allowed to identify the superposition of three types of paleo-environments (marsh, fluvial floodplain, levee/crevasse splay). This sequence indicates a gradual extension of fluvial environments between the end of the second millennium BC and the 1st century BC. The variability of fluvial dynamic is evident during this period with important flood events which contrast with periods of low flow. Pollen record can be a good marker of the fluvial dynamic variability. The expression of the riparian tree pollen grains in the coarser floodplain deposits could correspond to increased fluvial influence and probably to erosion of riverbank during flood events. The local plants are associated to the low energy sedimentary environments. Focuses are made on the relations between the evolution of the environment and land use. The development of the cereal culture in the floodplain of the Rhône delta has been demonstrated between 1640-1410 and 100 BC. The last alluviation of the Rhône perturbs the research of the archaeological sites in the central part of the delta but the existence of the rural villages from the first part of the first millennium BC is highly possible.

  7. Fluvial wood function downstream of beaver versus man-made dams in headwater streams in Massachusetts, USA

    Science.gov (United States)

    David, G. C.; DeVito, L. F.; Munz, K. T.; Lisius, G.

    2014-12-01

    Fluvial wood is an essential component of stream ecosystems by providing habitat, increasing accumulation of organic matter, and increasing the processing of nutrients and other materials. However, years of channel alterations in Massachusetts have resulted in low wood loads despite the afforestation that has occurred since the early 1900s. Streams have also been impacted by a large density of dams, built during industrialization, and reduction of the beaver population. Beavers were reintroduced to Massachusetts in the 1940s and they have since migrated throughout the state. Beaver dams impound water, which traps sediment and results in the development of complex channel patterns and more ecologically productive and diverse habitats than those found adjacent to man-made dams. To develop better management practices for dam removal it is essential that we understand the geomorphic and ecologic function of wood in these channels and the interconnections with floodplain dynamics and stream water chemistry. We investigate the connections among fluvial wood, channel morphology, floodplain soil moisture dynamics, and stream water chemistry in six watersheds in Massachusetts that have been impacted by either beaver or man-made dams. We hypothesize that wood load will be significantly higher below beaver dams, subsequently altering channel morphology, water chemistry, and floodplain soil moisture. Reaches are surveyed up- and downstream of each type of dam to better understand the impact dams have on the fluvial system. Surveys include a longitudinal profile, paired with dissolved oxygen and ammonium measurements, cross-section and fluvial wood surveys, hydraulic measurements, and floodplain soil moisture mapping. We found that dissolved oxygen mirrored the channel morphology, but did not vary significantly between reaches. Wood loads were significantly larger downstream of beaver dams, which resulted in significant changes to the ammonium levels. Floodplain soil moisture

  8. CCD Photometry of W UMa Type Binary TY UMa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Young Woon Kang

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available We present VRI CCD photometry of W UMa type binary TY UMa. The light curves show that the secondary minimum is deeper than theprimary minimum and the maximum I (0.p25 is 0.m023 brighter than the maximum II (0.p75. The V light curve has beenanalyzed and the photometric solutions have been determined by the method of Wilson & Devinney differential correction. Weadopted the spot model to explain the asymetric light curve.

  9. Mechanosensory based orienting behaviors in fluvial and lacustrine populations of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sheryl Coombs; Gary D. Grossman

    2006-01-01

    We compared prey-orienting and rheotactic behaviors in a fluvial (Coweeta Creek) and lacustrine (Lake Michigan) population of mottled sculpin. Blinded sculpin from both populations exhibited unconditioned, mechanosensory based rheotaxis to low velocity flows. Whereas Lake Michigan sculpin generally showed increasing levels of positive rheotaxis to increasing velocities...

  10. UMA/GAN network architecture analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Liang; Li, Wensheng; Deng, Chunjian; Lv, Yi

    2009-07-01

    This paper is to critically analyze the architecture of UMA which is one of Fix Mobile Convergence (FMC) solutions, and also included by the third generation partnership project(3GPP). In UMA/GAN network architecture, UMA Network Controller (UNC) is the key equipment which connects with cellular core network and mobile station (MS). UMA network could be easily integrated into the existing cellular networks without influencing mobile core network, and could provides high-quality mobile services with preferentially priced indoor voice and data usage. This helps to improve subscriber's experience. On the other hand, UMA/GAN architecture helps to integrate other radio technique into cellular network which includes WiFi, Bluetooth, and WiMax and so on. This offers the traditional mobile operators an opportunity to integrate WiMax technique into cellular network. In the end of this article, we also give an analysis of potential influence on the cellular core networks ,which is pulled by UMA network.

  11. Calculation of paleohydraulic parameters of a fluvial system under spatially variable subsidence, of the Ericson sandstone, South western Wyoming

    Science.gov (United States)

    Snyder, H.; Leva-Lopez, J.

    2017-12-01

    During the late Campanian age in North America fluvial systems drained the highlands of the Sevier orogenic belt and travelled east towards the Western Interior Seaway. One of such systems deposited the Canyon Creek Member (CCM) of the Ericson Formation in south-western Wyoming. At this time the fluvial system was being partially controlled by laterally variable subsidence caused by incipient Laramide uplifts. These uplifts rather than real topographic features were only areas of reduced subsidence at the time of deposition of the CCM. Surface expression at that time must have been minimum, only minute changes in slope and accommodation. Outcrops around these Laramide structures, in particular both flanks of the Rock Springs Uplift, the western side of the Rawlins uplift and the north flank of the Uinta Mountains, have been sampled to study the petrography, grain size, roundness and sorting of the CCM, which along with the cross-bed thickness and bar thickness allowed calculation of the hydraulic parameters of the rivers that deposited the CCM. This study reveals how the fluvial system evolved and responded to the very small changes in subsidence and slope. Furthermore, the petrography will shed light on the provenance of these sandstones and on the relative importance of Sevier sources versus Laramide sources. This work is framed in a larger study that shows how incipient Laramide structural highs modified the behavior, style and architecture of the fluvial system, affecting its thickness, facies characteristics and net-to-gross both down-dip and along strike across the basin.

  12. Detrital shadows: estuarine food web connectivity depends on fluvial influence and consumer feeding mode.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Howe, Emily; Simenstad, Charles A; Ogston, Andrea

    2017-10-01

    We measured the influence of landscape setting on estuarine food web connectivity in five macrotidal Pacific Northwest estuaries across a gradient of freshwater influence. We used stable isotopes (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34 S) in combination with a Bayesian mixing model to trace primary producer contributions to suspension- and deposit-feeding bivalve consumers (Mytilus trossulus and Macoma nasuta) transplanted into three estuarine vegetation zones: emergent marsh, mudflat, and eelgrass. Eelgrass includes both Japanese eelgrass (Zostera japonica) and native eelgrass (Zostera marina). Fluvial discharge and consumer feeding mode strongly influenced the strength and spatial scale of observed food web linkages, while season played a secondary role. Mussels displayed strong cross-ecosystem connectivity in all estuaries, with decreasing marine influence in the more fluvial estuaries. Mussel diets indicated homogenization of detrital sources within the water column of each estuary. In contrast, the diets of benthic deposit-feeding clams indicated stronger compartmentalization in food web connectivity, especially in the largest river delta where clam diets were trophically disconnected from marsh sources of detritus. This suggests detritus deposition is patchy across space, and less homogenous than the suspended detritus pool. In addition to fluvial setting, other estuary-specific environmental drivers, such as marsh area or particle transport speed, influenced the degree of food web linkages across space and time, often accounting for unexpected patterns in food web connectivity. Transformations of the estuarine landscape that alter river hydrology or availability of detritus sources can thus potentially disrupt natural food web connectivity at the landscape scale, especially for sedentary organisms, which cannot track their food sources through space. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.

  13. Revisiting geochemical methods of distinguishing natural concentrations and pollution by risk elements in fluvial sediments

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Matys Grygar, Tomáš; Popelka, J.

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 170, NOV (2016), s. 39-57 ISSN 0375-6742 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-00340S Institutional support: RVO:61388980 Keywords : Enrichment * Fluvial sediments * Heavy metals Subject RIV: DD - Geochemistry Impact factor: 2.464, year: 2016

  14. Large-scale coastal and fluvial models constrain the late Holocene evolution of the Ebro Delta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. H. Nienhuis

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The distinctive plan-view shape of the Ebro Delta coast reveals a rich morphologic history. The degree to which the form and depositional history of the Ebro and other deltas represent autogenic (internal dynamics or allogenic (external forcing remains a prominent challenge for paleo-environmental reconstructions. Here we use simple coastal and fluvial morphodynamic models to quantify paleo-environmental changes affecting the Ebro Delta over the late Holocene. Our findings show that these models are able to broadly reproduce the Ebro Delta morphology, with simple fluvial and wave climate histories. Based on numerical model experiments and the preserved and modern shape of the Ebro Delta plain, we estimate that a phase of rapid shoreline progradation began approximately 2100 years BP, requiring approximately a doubling in coarse-grained fluvial sediment supply to the delta. River profile simulations suggest that an instantaneous and sustained increase in coarse-grained sediment supply to the delta requires a combined increase in both flood discharge and sediment supply from the drainage basin. The persistence of rapid delta progradation throughout the last 2100 years suggests an anthropogenic control on sediment supply and flood intensity. Using proxy records of the North Atlantic Oscillation, we do not find evidence that changes in wave climate aided this delta expansion. Our findings highlight how scenario-based investigations of deltaic systems using simple models can assist first-order quantitative paleo-environmental reconstructions, elucidating the effects of past human influence and climate change, and allowing a better understanding of the future of deltaic landforms.

  15. Quantitative reconstruction of cross-sectional dimensions and hydrological parameters of gravelly fluvial channels developed in a forearc basin setting under a temperate climatic condition, central Japan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shibata, Kenichiro; Adhiperdana, Billy G.; Ito, Makoto

    2018-01-01

    Reconstructions of the dimensions and hydrological features of ancient fluvial channels, such as bankfull depth, bankfull width, and water discharges, have used empirical equations developed from compiled data-sets, mainly from modern meandering rivers, in various tectonic and climatic settings. However, the application of the proposed empirical equations to an ancient fluvial succession should be carefully examined with respect to the tectonic and climatic settings of the objective deposits. In this study, we developed empirical relationships among the mean bankfull channel depth, bankfull channel depth, drainage area, bankfull channel width, mean discharge, and bankfull discharge using data from 24 observation sites of modern gravelly rivers in the Kanto region, central Japan. Some of the equations among these parameters are different from those proposed by previous studies. The discrepancies are considered to reflect tectonic and climatic settings of the present river systems, which are characterized by relatively steeper valley slope, active supply of volcaniclastic sediments, and seasonal precipitation in the Kanto region. The empirical relationships derived from the present study can be applied to modern and ancient gravelly fluvial channels with multiple and alternate bars, developed in convergent margin settings under a temperate climatic condition. The developed empirical equations were applied to a transgressive gravelly fluvial succession of the Paleogene Iwaki Formation, Northeast Japan as a case study. Stratigraphic thicknesses of bar deposits were used for estimation of the bankfull channel depth. In addition, some other geomorphological and hydrological parameters were calculated using the empirical equations developed by the present study. The results indicate that the Iwaki Formation fluvial deposits were formed by a fluvial system that was represented by the dimensions and discharges of channels similar to those of the middle to lower reaches of

  16. External controls on Quaternary fluvial incision and terrace formation at the Segre River, Southern Pyrenees

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Stange, K.M.; van Balen, R.T.; Vandenberghe, J.; Peña, J.L.; Sancho, C.

    2013-01-01

    Focusing on climatic- and structural (tectonic) controls, we aim to determine their relative importance for the (Pliocene to Quaternary) fluvial landscape evolution in the Southern Pyrenees foreland. We investigate the Segre River, which is one of the major streams of the Southern Pyrenees that

  17. Arquitectura fluvial de las «Areniscas del río Arandilla». Triásico de Molina de Aragón (Guadalajara

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez-Moya, Y.

    1989-08-01

    Full Text Available The outstanding outcrops of Upper Buntsandstein sediments (Middle Triassic in Molina de Aragón (Guadalajara area, allow a detailed study of their characteristics and their associations which are described here. The fluvial architecture of the section indicates four main depositional episodes. The two lowest episodes were laid down by a fluvial system characterized by frequent channel shifting, low sinuosity and wide shallow channels. The drainage basin was controlled by highly seasonal discharge. The middle episode evolved into a more distal systems, with smaller higher sinuosity channels and fine overbank deposits. The uppermost episode is related to an increase of slope in the basin. That increase is probably related to tectonic movements recorded in this area. An attempt has been made to correlate the above events to the global sea level fluctuations (Haq et al., 1987. So, the low stage that have been stated occurred during Early Anisian can be tentatively correlated with the uppermost episode in Areniscas del río Arandilla.Los excelentes afloramientos de la parte superior del Buntsandstein (Triásico medio en Molina de Aragón (Guadalajara, han permitido llevar a cabo un análisis sedimentológico detallado de las facies fluviales y de su arquitectura. Se han distinguido doce diferentes facies cuyas características y asociaciones se describen en este trabajo. La evolución fluvial indica la existencia de cuatro episodios deposicionales. Los dos episodios inferiores son característicos de un sistema fluvial con canales de baja sinuosidad, inestables, de gran amplitud y poca profundidad. El drenaje de la cuenca estaba controlado por importantes descargas estacionales. El episodio intermedio es el resultado de la evolución del sistema hacia facies más distales. En esta etapa los canales son de menor tamaño, la sinuosidad es mayor y existe un mayor porcentaje de depósitos de granulometría fina relacionados con la llanura de inundaci

  18. Pemaknaan Filsafati Kearifan Lokal untuk Adaptasi Masyarakat terhadap Ancaman Bencana Marin dan Fluvial di Lingkungan Kepesisiran

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S Sunarto

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this research was to study the philosophical meaning of local wisdom that developed in the communities in the coastal environment, particularly in the eastern coast of Central Java. The method used for this philosophical meaning using the approach of geomorphological hermeneutics and disaster semiotics. The results of this research indicate that identified local wisdom in the form of cultural semiotics and faunal semiotics to anticipate the hazards of climate change as marine hazard and fluvial hazard. Cultural semiotics found in the form of advice that still need to be interpreted with a geomorphological hermeneutics approach order to use it to adapt to the coastal environment against marine hazard. The cultural semiotics has a geomorphological philosophical meaning as natural cycle that leads to dynamic equilibrium, not the philosophical meaning that leads to the view of anthropocentrism. In addition, also found cultural semiotics of “Dina Rèntèng” based on the philosophical views of ecocentrism. The cultural semiotics is used in society to adapt to the fluvial hazard. Faunal semiotics found in the form of anomalous crab behavior as a form of adaptation due to its response to environmental condition. The faunal semiotics has been used as a guide for the community to adapt to the fluvial hazard. Because of the local wisdom is loaded with philosophical meaning, it can be metatourism assets, so it can convert harm into benefit.

  19. Geoarchaeology, the four dimensional (4D) fluvial matrix and climatic causality

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, A. G.

    2008-10-01

    Geoarchaeology is the application of geological and geomorphological techniques to archaeology and the study of the interactions of hominins with the natural environment at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. Geoarchaeology in the UK over the last twenty years has flourished largely because it has gone beyond technological and scientific applications. Over the same period our ability to reconstruct the 3-dimensional stratigraphy of fluvial deposits and the matrix of fluvial sites has increased dramatically because of a number of technological advances. These have included the use of LiDAR (laser imaging) and radar to produce high-resolution digital surface models, the use of geophysics, particularly ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity, to produce sediment depth models, and the use of GIS and data visualisation techniques to manipulate and display the data. These techniques along with more systematic and detailed sedimentological recording of exposed sections have allowed the construction of more precise 3-dimensional (volumetric) models of the matrix of artefacts within fluvial deposits. Additionally a revolution in dating techniques, particularly direct sediment dating by luminescence methods, has enabled the creation of 4-dimensional models of the creation and preservation of these sites. These 4-dimensional models have the ability to provide far more information about the processes of site creation, preservation and even destruction, and also allow the integration of these processes with independent data sources concerning cultural evolution and climatic change. All improvements in the precision of dating fluvial deposits have archaeological importance in our need to translate events from a sequential or geological timeframe to human timescales. This allows geoarchaeology to make a more direct contribution to cultural history through the recognition of agency at the individual or group level. This data can then form a component of

  20. Allogenic controls on the fluvial architecture and fossil preservation of the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, NW Argentina

    Science.gov (United States)

    Colombi, Carina E.; Limarino, Carlos O.; Alcober, Oscar A.

    2017-12-01

    The Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation in NW Argentina was deposited in a fluvial system during the synrift filling of the extensional Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin. The expansive exposures of the fluvial architecture and paleosols provide a framework to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental evolution of this basin during the Upper Triassic using continental sequence stratigraphy. The Ischigualasto Formation deposition can be divided into seven sequential sedimentary stages: the 1) Bypass stage; 2) Confined low-accommodation stage; 3) Confined high accommodation stage; 4) Unstable-accommodation stage; 5) Unconfined high-accommodation stage; 6) Unconfined low-accommodation stage; and finally, 7) Unconfined high-accommodation stage. The sedimentary evolution of the Ischigualasto Formation was driven by different allogenic controls such as rises and falls in lake levels, local tectonism, subsidence, volcanism, and climate, which also produced modifications of the equilibrium profile of the fluvial systems. All of these factors result in different accommodations in central and flank areas of the basin, which led to different architectural configurations of channels and floodplains. Allogenic processes affected not only the sequence stratigraphy of the basin but also the vertebrate and plant taphocenosis. Therefore, the sequence stratigraphy can be used not only as a predictive tool related to fossil occurrence but also to understand the taphonomic history of the basin at each temporal interval.

  1. Avulsion and its implications for fluvial-deltaic architecture: insights from the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Stouthamer, E.; Cohen, K.M.; Gouw, M.J.P.

    2010-01-01

    Avulsion is a key process in the formation of fluvial-deltaic successions and a primary control on deltaic architecture. It determines the distribution of sediment and water and hence which location in the delta receives clastic sedimentation for what time. This makes the avulsion process an

  2. Avulsion and its implications for fluvial-deltaic architecture: insights from the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Stouthamer, E.; Cohen, K.M.; Gouw, M.J.P.

    2010-01-01

    Avulsion is a principal process in the formation of fluvial-deltaic successions and a primary control on deltaic architecture. It determines the distribution of sediment and water and hence influences which location in the delta receives clastic sedimentation in what amounts for what time. It also

  3. Evolution of tertiary intermontane fluvial system of Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Flores, R.M.; Ethridge, F.G.

    1985-01-01

    Exploration and development of economic coal and uranium deposits of the Tertiary Fort Union and Wasatch Formations provided data related to the evolution of depositional systems in the Powder River Basin. In ascending order, the Paleocene Fort Union Formation consists of the Tullock, Lebo, and Tongue River Members. The overlying Eocene Wasatch Formation consists of the conglomeratic Kingsbury and Moncrief Members and laterally equivalent finer grained deposits. Evolution of fluvial deposition in the basin was determined from sandstone percent maps. A high proportion of sandstones in the Tullock Member and combined Tongue River Member and Wasatch Formation formed in interconnected east-west and north-south belts. The east-west belts represent alluvial fans, as well as braided and meandering tributary streams. The north-south belts reflect meandering and anastomosing trunk streams fed by basin margin tributaries. The sandstones of the Lebo Shale show east-west trends and represent deposits of fluvio-deltaic systems that filled a western, closed-lacustrine basin. The lake in this basin may have formed during localized subsidence along the Buffalo deep fault. These contrasting styles of fluvial deposition were largely controlled by extrabasinal and intrabasinal tectonics associated with Laramide orogeny

  4. Distribution of uranium and thorium in sediments and plants from a granitic fluvial area

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vargas, M.J.; Tome, F.V.; Sanchez, A.M.; Vazquez, M.T.C.; Murillo, J.L.G.

    1997-01-01

    A study of the presence of natural uranium and thorium isotopes in sediments and plants belonging to a granitic fluvial region of the Ortigas river (west of Spain) has been carried out. The existence of two uranium mines in the neighbourhood of the sampled sites and the granitic characteristics of the zone produce significant concentrations of natural radionuclides. Temporal and spatial variations of uranium and thorium concentrations and the activity ratios 234 U/ 238 U, 228 Th/ 232 Th and Th/U were studied to better understand the mobilization mechanisms such as leaching and transport at play in the studied system. These determinations were made using alpha-particle spectrometry with silicon detectors. The measurements were also compared with the results previously found for waters of this fluvial area. Uranium in sediments showed variations due to changes in rainfall, but thorium content was nearly constant. Uranium and thorium concentrations in plants were lower after rainfall. Incorporation of uranium into the plants seemed to be mainly from water, whereas incorporation of thorium seemed to be from both sediments and water. (Author)

  5. Modelling sediment dynamics due to hillslope-river interactions : incorporating fluvial behaviour in landscape evolution model LAPSUS

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Baartman, Jantiene E. M.; van Gorp, Wouter; Temme, Arnaud J. A. M.; Schoorl, Jeroen M.

    Landscape evolution models (LEMs) simulate the three-dimensional development of landscapes over time. Different LEMs have different foci, e.g. erosional behaviour, river dynamics, the fluvial domain, hillslopes or a combination. LEM LAPSUS is a relatively simple cellular model operating on

  6. Fluvial fluxes from the Magdalena River into Cartagena Bay, Caribbean Colombia: Trends, future scenarios, and connections with upstream human impacts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Restrepo, Juan D.; Escobar, Rogger; Tosic, Marko

    2018-02-01

    Fluxes of continental runoff and sediments as well as downstream deposition of eroded soils have severely altered the structure and function of fluvial and deltaic-estuarine ecosystems. The Magdalena River, the main contributor of continental fluxes into the Caribbean Sea, delivers important amounts of water and sediments into Cartagena Bay, a major estuarine system in northern Colombia. Until now, trends in fluvial fluxes into the bay, as well as the relationship between these tendencies in fluvial inputs and associated upstream changes in the Magdalena catchment, have not been studied. Here we explore the interannual trends of water discharge and sediment load flowing from the Magdalena River-Canal del Dique system into Cartagena Bay during the last three decades, forecast future scenarios of fluxes into the bay, and discuss possible connections between observed trends in fluvial inputs and trends in human intervention in the Magdalena River basin. Significant upward trends in annual runoff and sediment load during the mid-1980s, 1990s, and post-2000 are observed in the Magdalena and in the Canal del Dique flowing into Cartagena Bay. During the last decade, Magdalena streamflow and sediment load experienced increases of 24% and 33%, respectively, compared to the pre-2000 year period. Meanwhile, the Canal del Dique witnessed increases in water discharge and sediment load of 28% and 48%, respectively. During 26 y of monitoring, the Canal del Dique has discharged 177 Mt of sediment to the coastal zone, of which 52 Mt was discharged into Cartagena Bay. Currently, the Canal drains 6.5% and transports 5.1% of the Magdalena water discharge and sediment load. By 2020, water discharge and sediment flux from the Canal del Dique flowing to the coastal zone will witness increments of 164% and 260%, respectively. Consequently, sediment fluxes into Cartagena Bay will witness increments as high as 8.2 Mt y- 1 or 317%. Further analyses of upstream sediment load series for 21

  7. Análise Geoambiental de uma microbacia hidrográfica no município de Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brasil / Geoenvironmental analysis of a small watershed in municipality of Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonatas Batista Mattos

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo o levantamento da fisiografia e do uso do solo na microbacia do Rio Lençóis, com o intuito de constituir um instrumento de gestão dos recursos naturais. Esta microbacia, localiza-se no município de Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina, estado da Bahia, Região Nordeste do Brasil. As águas drenadas por esta microbacia são destinadas ao abastecimento hídrico da cidade. A metodologia empregada se fundamentou em teorias e métodos geossistêmicos e no uso do geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto. Os resultados indicaram que a microbacia do Rio Lençóis é alongada, com uma hidrografia pouco ramificada e esparsa. A tipologia climática é tropical de altitude, e a litologia é predominantemente metassedimentar, com uma geologia estrutural enviesada por falha transcorrente, que controla o canal fluvial principal. A geomorfologia é composta por serras, vales e terraços fluviais, com declividade média de 27,5%. A classe de cobertura vegetal predominante é o campo rupestre. Os níveis de preservação da cobertura vegetal, detectados no mapeamento, fornecem garantias de proteção ao sistema fluvial, resguardando assim, a boa condição natural das unidades geoambientais predominantes. Na interface geossistêmica, a microbacia do Rio Lençóis apresenta características físico-ambientais que sugerem um gerenciamento direcionado para conservação, a fim de garantir o uso equilibrado dos recursos naturais que promova recursos socioeconômicos.

  8. Efeitos da terapia manual sobre a dor em mulheres com fibromialgia: uma revisão de literatura = Effects of manual therapy on pain in women with fibromyalgia: a literature review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ziani, Marciele Monzon

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar, através de uma revisão de literatura, os efeitos da terapia manual sobre a dor em mulheres com fibromialgia (FM. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs, PEDro e Scielo, selecionando ensaios clínicos ou estudos quase experimental, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, que objetivassem avaliar os efeitos da terapia manual sobre a dor em mulheres com FM. As palavras-chave e os operadores boleanos utilizados foram: “Musculoskeletal Manipulations OR manual therapy AND Fibromyalgia”. Resultados: De um total de 133 artigos encontrados, 9 deles foram selecionados para inclusão final no presente estudo. Desses, grande parte (55,5% dos estudos foram realizados no continente Europeu e apenas um foi conduzido na população brasileira. O tamanho amostral dos artigos variou de 12 a 86 indivíduos entre cada grupo estudado, sendo que 8 (88,8% deles utilizaram os critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia para diagnóstico clínico da FM. As técnicas mais utilizadas foram à liberação miofascial (33,3%, a massagem de tecido conjuntivo (22,2% e a drenagem linfática manual (22,2%, sendo que a duração total do tratamento oscilou entre 3 e 20 semanas. Todos os estudos verificaram melhora da dor através das técnicas de terapia manual, com efeitos positivos também sobre os sintomas de ansiedade, sono, função física e qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Os achados da presente revisão demonstram que as técnicas de terapia manual parecem benéficas para o tratamento da dor em mulheres portadoras de FM

  9. Estuary-wide genetic stock distribution and salmon habitat use, tidal-fluvial estuary - Columbia River Estuary Tidal Habitats

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The goal of the tidal-fluvial estuary study is to determine the estuary's contribution to the spatial structure and life history diversity of Columbia River salmon...

  10. Hematoma subdural crônico como complicação do tratamento de paciente com a síndrome clínica da hidrocefalia de pressão normal (HPNdoi: 10.20513/2447-6595.2016v56n2p54-57

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Helder de Oliveira Junior

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available As complicações da Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal (DVP podem variar de 6% a 40% nas séries da literatura, estando o hematoma subdural crônico (HSDC presente em até 24% de algumas dessas séries. Preconiza-se o uso de uma válvula de alta pressão, para evitar uma possível hiperdrenagem, nos casos de sintomatologia semelhante à hidrocefalia de pressão normal (HPN com grande aumento ventricular. Nesse caso, o paciente apresentou a tríade clássica de Hakim-Adams, sendo diagnosticado clinicamente com a hidrocefalia de pressão normal e submetido a uma derivação ventrículo-peritoneal com uma válvula de alta pressão. O paciente evoluiu com a formação de hematoma subdural crônico bilateral (HSDC, sendo necessária a drenagem da coleção sanguínea. O caso apresentado permite a observação das complicações presentes após esse procedimento e também uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da fisiopatologia da HPN.

  11. Drenagem torácica pós-pneumonectomia: sim ou não? Estudo retrospectivo Post-pneumonectomy thoracic drainage: to drain or not to drain? A retrospective study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Carlos Thomson

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a necessidade de realização de drenagem torácica pós-pneumonectomia. MÉTODOS: É relatada a experiência do Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital Universitário de Londrina de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2004. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, em que foram analisados 46 pacientes pneumonectomizados, divididos em dois grupos: drenados e não drenados. As doenças foram as mesmas: neoplasia, bronquiectasia e tuberculose. RESULTADOS: Foram drenados 21 pacientes e 25 não o foram. A complicação pós-operatória mais comum foi o enfisema subcutâneo (12 casos, sendo o tempo de internação menor (6,5 dias nos pacientes não drenados em relação aos drenados (10,2 dias, sem que tenham sido observadas complicações graves. CONCLUSÃO: A evolução favorável dos 25 pacientes não drenados e o tempo de internação menor levam ao questionamento da necessidade de drenagem rotineira da cavidade pleural pós-pneumonectomia.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the need for post-pneumonectomy thoracic drainage. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 46 patients having undergone pneumonectomy in the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Londrina University Hospital between January of 1998 and December of 2004. Patients were divided into two groups: those having been submitted to drainage and those not having been. The diseases involved were lung cancer, bronchiectasis and tuberculosis. RESULTS: Drainage was used in 21 patients, whereas no drainage was used in 25. The most common postoperative complication was subcutaneous emphysema (12 cases. Hospital stays were of shorter duration among patients who were not submitted to drainage than among those who were (mean, 6.5 days vs. 10.2 days. No serious postoperative complications were observed in the group of patients not submitted to drainage. CONCLUSION: The findings that evolutions were more favorable and hospital stays were shorter for the patients not submitted to drainage call into

  12. The phosphorus content of fluvial sediment in rural and industrialized river basins.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Owens, Philip N; Walling, Desmond E

    2002-02-01

    The phosphorus content of fluvial sediment (suspended sediment and the sediment) has been examined in contrasting rural (moorland and agricultural) and industrialized catchments in Yorkshire, UK. The River Swale drains a rural catchment with no major urban and industrial areas, and the total phosphorus (TP) content of fluvial sediment is generally within the range 500-1,500 microg g(-1). There is little evidence of any major downstream increase in TP content. In contrast, fluvial sediment from the industrialized catchments of the Rivers Aire and Calder exhibits both higher levels of TP content and marked downstream increases, with values of TP content ranging from 7,000 microg g(-1) at downstream sites. These elevated levels reflect P inputs from point sources, such as sewage treatment works (STWs) and combined sewer overflows. The influence of STWs is further demonstrated by the downstream increase in the inorganic P/organic P ratio from 4 in the lower reaches. Comparison of the P content of suspended sediment with that of the sediment and both discharge and suspended sediment concentration, reflecting changes in sediment and P sources during high flow events. Spatial variations in the P contents of the sediment evidence a similar pattern as those for suspended sediment, with relatively low levels of TP in the River Swale and elevated levels in the middle and downstream reaches of the Rivers Aire and Calder. The PP concentrations associated with floodplain and channel bed sediment are, however, lower than equivalent values for suspended sediment, and this primarily reflects the differences in the particle size composition between the three types of sediments. Rates of floodplain deposition and the amounts of fine-grained sediment stored in the river channels are relatively high, and suggest that such environments may represent important sinks for PP. Based on the sediment samples collected from the study basins, a simple four-fold classification which relates the

  13. Avaliação em laboratório do uso de sistemas de coberturas alcalinas para prevenção da drenagem ácida de mina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Trópia de Abreu

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A drenagem ácida de mina (DAM é um problema ambiental em escala mundial. Ela é proveniente do processo de oxidação química de materiais da mineração que contenham minerais sulfetados expostos a condições atmosféricas com a mediação de bactérias. As águas ácidas geradas nesses ambientes podem comprometer a qualidade dos recursos hídricos. Para tentar conter essa DAM, métodos de prevenção e remediação têm sido aplicados. As coberturas secas têm sido estudadas como alternativa de prevenção, visto que a remediação tem mostrado-se de custo elevado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de coberturas alcalinas para controlar a geração de ácido proveniente do estéril da mineração de urânio, U, por meio de sistemas colunas de lixiviação. Para isso, foram estudados sistemas de coberturas que têm como agentes de neutralização a lama vermelha, o calcário e a cal. Amostras de estéril e de água foram coletadas na mina Osamu Utsumi, em Caldas, MG. Foram realizadas análises químicas e mineralógicas do estéril, da cal, do calcário e da lama vermelha. Para os testes cinéticos, foram montadas sete colunas de lixiviação: C1(estéril; C2 (estéril + cobertura de lama vermelha; C3 (estéril + cobertura de calcário; C4 (estéril + cobertura de cal; COB2 (cobertura de lama vermelha; COB3 (cobertura de calcário; e COB4 (cobertura de cal. As amostras lixiviadas foram monitoradas por 100 dias. Os resultados mostraram que a cal e a lama vermelha têm maior potencial neutralizador. No entanto, esses agentes neutralizantes oferecem o inconveniente de introduzir material solúvel no lixiviado. Dessa forma, considerando os parâmetros avaliados, foi demonstrado que o uso de mistura de lama vermelha com estéril do Bota-fora 4 (BF4 pode ser uma alternativa viável para o controle de geração de DAM associada à reciclagem de resíduos industriais alcalinos.

  14. Tipologia e distribuição dos processos erosivos na microbacia do Ribeirão Água da Cachoeira, em Paraguaçu Paulista, SP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. N. Domingues

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available Realizaram-se o levantamento, a caracterização e o mapeamento da erosão, com o objetivo de definir a tipologia e a distribuição dos processos erosivos predominantes na microbacia do ribeirão Água da Cachoeira, com aproximadamente 3.700 ha, localizada no Planalto Ocidental Paulista. Através da fotointerpretação e de trabalhos de campo, delimitaram-se áreas com erosão laminar, erosão laminar e sulco raso, erosão em sulco profundo e ravina, e erosão em ravina profunda e voçoroca. Foram mapeadas quatro grandes voçorocas conectadas à rede de drenagem, oito extensas ravinas parcialmente vegetadas e diversas ravinas médias obliteradas, porém instáveis pela retomada da erosão. Há predominância de sulcos profundos e ravinas nas baixas vertentes em contato com a baixada fluvial e no talvegue das principais bacias de captação da drenagem pluvial. A origem de parte das ocorrências de sulcos rasos e de sulcos extensos, nas altas vertentes, é atribuída ao pisoteio do gado e, nas baixas vertentes, às áreas de bebedouros. As interpretações finais indicaram quatro grupos de áreas, distintas pelas diferenças de tipos de processos erosivos e pela sua localização.

  15. The Pliocene initiation and Early Pleistocene volcanic disruption of the palaeo-Gediz fluvial system, Western Turkey

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maddy, D.; Demir, T.; Bridgland, D.R.; Veldkamp, A.; Stemerdink, C.; Schriek, van der T.; Schreve, D.

    2007-01-01

    In this paper, we report our latest observations concerning a Pliocene and Early Pleistocene record from Western Turkey. The sedimentary sequence described comprises the fluvial deposits of an Early Pleistocene palaeo-Gediz river system and its tributaries prior to the onset of volcanism around Kula

  16. Buried late Pleistocene fluvial channels on the inner continental shelf off Vengurla, west coast of India

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    SubbaRaju, L.V.; Krishna, K.S.; Chaubey, A.K.

    with sediments. Cross sectional dimensions between 15 to 100 m width and 2 to 6 m depth suggest a fluvial origin of the channels. These buried channels appear to mark former positions of rivers flowing from the nearby coast and debouching into the Arabian Sea...

  17. Estuarine abandoned channel sedimentation rates record peak fluvial discharge magnitudes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gray, A. B.; Pasternack, G. B.; Watson, E. B.

    2018-04-01

    Fluvial sediment deposits can provide useful records of integrated watershed expressions including flood event magnitudes. However, floodplain and estuarine sediment deposits evolve through the interaction of watershed/marine sediment supply and transport characteristics with the local depositional environment. Thus extraction of watershed scale signals depends upon accounting for local scale effects on sediment deposition rates and character. This study presents an examination of the balance of fluvial sediment dynamics and local scale hydro-geomorphic controls on alluviation of an abandoned channel in the Salinas River Lagoon, CA. A set of three sediment cores contained discrete flood deposits that corresponded to the largest flood events over the period of accretion from 1969 to 2007. Sedimentation rates scaled with peak flood discharge and event scale sediment flux, but were not influenced by longer scale hydro-meteorological activities such as annual precipitation and water yield. Furthermore, the particle size distributions of flood deposits showed no relationship to event magnitudes. Both the responsiveness of sedimentation and unresponsiveness of particle size distributions to hydro-sedimentological event magnitudes appear to be controlled by aspects of local geomorphology that influence the connectivity of the abandoned channel to the Salinas River mainstem. Well-developed upstream plug bar formation precluded the entrainment of coarser bedload into the abandoned channel, while Salinas River mouth conditions (open/closed) in conjunction with tidal and storm surge conditions may play a role in influencing the delivery of coarser suspended load fractions. Channel adjacent sediment deposition can be valuable records of hydro-meteorological and sedimentological regimes, but local depositional settings may dominate the character of short term (interdecadal) signatures.

  18. Influência da construção da usina hidroelétrica de Porto Primavera na evolução de canais de primeira ordem da rede de drenagem do Ribeirão das Anhumas - UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema

    OpenAIRE

    Malavazzi, André Aparecido [UNESP

    2012-01-01

    A construção de Usinas Hidroelétricas de grande porte , ao represarem o canal de um rio principal formando um lago artificial de grandes proporções, promovem significativas alterações nas dinâmicas dos sistemas naturais e sistemas sociais. Do ponto de vista dos processos naturais ligados as dinâmicas fluviais há um reajustamento de todo o sistema de drenagem conectado a este canal represado, além também de ocorrer intensificação dos processos de erosão superficial . Nesse sentido, a presente ...

  19. Impact of phenomenological theory of turbulence on pragmatic approach to fluvial hydraulics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ali, Sk Zeeshan; Dey, Subhasish

    2018-04-01

    The phenomenological theory of turbulence (PTT) remains a long-standing and fascinating theory in turbulence research. In this review article, we highlight the state-of-the-science of the impact of the PTT on the pragmatic approach to fluvial hydraulics, explored over recent decades, discussing the salient and the subtle roles that the turbulence plays in governing many physical processes. To acquire a theoretical explanation of this pragmatic approach necessitates an intuitive thought that can bring together the background mechanisms of all the physical processes under one law—a thought that is capable of finding their inextricable links with the turbulent energy spectrum. We begin here with emphasizing the spectral and the co-spectral origin of the well-recognized laws of the wall, the resistance equation, and the turbulence intensities by portraying the typical momentum transfer mechanism of eddies in a turbulent flow. Next, we focus on the scaling laws of key fluvial processes derived from the perspective of the PTT, enlightening their physical insight and ability to judge how far the so-called empirical formulas can be used with confidence. The PTT has been able to disclose the origin of several primeval empirical formulas that have been used over many years without having any theoretical clarification and confirmation. Finally, we make an effort to describe some unsolved issues to be resolved as a future scope of research.

  20. Human impact on fluvial regimes and sediment flux during the Holocene: review and future research agenda

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hoffmann, T.; Thorndycraft, V.R.; Brown, A.G.; Coulthard, T.J.; Damnati, B.; Kale, V.S.; Middelkoop, H.; Notebaert, B.; Walling, D.E.

    2010-01-01

    There is a long history of human–riverine interactions throughout the period of agriculture that in some regions of the world started several thousand years ago. These interactions have altered rivers to human dominated systems with often negative impacts on fluvial environments. To achieve a good

  1. Depositional record of an avulsive fluvial system controlled by peat compaction (Neogene, Most Basin, Czech Republic)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Rajchl, M.; Uličný, David

    2005-01-01

    Roč. 52, č. 3 (2005), s. 601-625 ISSN 0037-0746 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA205/01/0629 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30120515 Keywords : avulsion * Eger Graben * fluvial channels Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy Impact factor: 1.876, year: 2005

  2. A conceptual connectivity framework for understanding geomorphic change in human-impacted fluvial systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pöppl, Ronald; Keesstra, Saskia; Maroulis, Jerry

    2017-04-01

    Human-induced landscape change is difficult to predict due to the complexity inherent in both geomorphic and social systems as well as due to emerging coupling relationships between them. To better understand system complexity and system response to change, connectivity has become an important research paradigm within various disciplines including geomorphology, hydrology and ecology. With the proposed conceptual connectivity framework on geomorphic change in human-impacted fluvial systems a cautionary note is flagged regarding the need (i) to include and to systematically conceptualise the role of different types of human agency in altering connectivity relationships in geomorphic systems and (ii) to integrate notions of human-environment interactions to connectivity concepts in geomorphology to better explain causes and trajectories of landscape change. Underpinned by case study examples, the presented conceptual framework is able to explain how geomorphic response of fluvial systems to human disturbance is determined by system-specific boundary conditions (incl. system history, related legacy effects and lag times), vegetation dynamics and human-induced functional relationships (i.e. feedback mechanisms) between the different spatial dimensions of connectivity. It is further demonstrated how changes in social systems can trigger a process-response feedback loop between social and geomorphic systems that further governs the trajectory of landscape change in coupled human-geomorphic systems.

  3. MODELLING LANDSCAPE MORPHODYNAMICS BY TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: AN APPLICATION TO BEACH AND FLUVIAL SYSTEMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Sánchez-García

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Beach and fluvial systems are highly dynamic environments, being constantly modified by the action of different natural and anthropic phenomena. To understand their behaviour and to support a sustainable management of these fragile environments, it is very important to have access to cost-effective tools. These methods should be supported on cutting-edge technologies that allow monitoring the dynamics of the natural systems with high periodicity and repeatability at different temporal and spatial scales instead the tedious and expensive field-work that has been carried out up to date. The work herein presented analyses the potential of terrestrial photogrammetry to describe beach morphology. Data processing and generation of high resolution 3D point clouds and derived DEMs is supported by the commercial Agisoft PhotoScan. Model validation is done by comparison of the differences in the elevation among the photogrammetric point cloud and the GPS data along different beach profiles. Results obtained denote the potential that the photogrammetry 3D modelling has to monitor morphological changes and natural events getting differences between 6 and 25 cm. Furthermore, the usefulness of these techniques to control the layout of a fluvial system is tested by the performance of some modeling essays in a hydraulic pilot channel.

  4. Recursos fisioterapêuticos em linfedema pós-mastectomia: uma revisão de literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naiane Durvalina da Luz

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O linfedema pós-mastectomia é um quadro patológico crônico e progressivo, que gera déficit no equilíbrio das trocas de líquidos intersticiais, resultante principalmente da dissecção axilar do nódulo, da radioterapia na axila e da quimioterapia. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar os estudos da literatura, a fim de verificar e avaliar os benefícios dos recursos fisioterapêuticos no tratamento e na prevenção do linfedema pós-mastectomia. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico no período de 1980 a 2010, por meio de livros e das bases de dados LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Cochrane e SciELO. Os recursos encontrados foram: fisioterapia complexa descongestiva; compressão pneumática intermitente; drenagem linfática manual; vestuário de compressão; bandagens; drogas; exercícios; cirurgias; laserterapia; cuidados gerais; drenagem linfática mecânica; TENS; automassagem; hidroterapia; micro-ondas; ultrassom; termoterapia; balneoterapia; imersão vertical no mercúrio; injeções intra-arteriais de linfócitos autólogos; diuréticos; método Casley-Smith; e estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem (EEAV. CONCLUSÃO: A fisioterapia, com seus amplos recursos, ainda é a escolha mais eficiente no tratamento do linfedema pós-mastectomia, pois consegue não só melhorar como manter a funcionalidade da circulação linfática, além de prevenir recidivas de infecções.

  5. Orbital period variations of two W UMa-type binaries: UY UMa and EF Boo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Yun-Xia; Zhang, Xu-Dong; Hu, Ke; Xiang, Fu-Yuan

    2017-08-01

    The orbital period variations of two W UMa-type contact binaries, UY UMa and EF Boo, are analyzed by using all available times of light minimum. It is detected that the general trends of their (O - C) curves show an upward parabolic variation, which reveals their continuous period increases at the rates of dP / dt = 2.545 ×10-7 days yr-1 and dP / dt = 2.623 ×10-7 days yr-1 , respectively. Meanwhile, UY UMa also shows a cyclic period variation with a small amplitude of A = 0.0026 days superposed on the long-term increase. Due to their contact configurations, the secular period increases are interpreted as a result of mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one. The cyclic period variation of UY UMa may be interpreted in terms of either the magnetic activity or the light time effect.

  6. MERCADOS E FEIRAS NA TRÍPLICE FRONTEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS ESPAÇOS DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS IN NATURA NA CIDADE DE TABATINGA, AMAZONAS – BRASIL.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiana Schor

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available A Amazônia é sem dúvida uma área de interesse para o estudo das diferenças no acesso aos alimentos e como o rápido processo de modernização via redes de comunicação e comércio impactam os hábitos alimentares, em especial nas pequenas e médias cidades. Neste artigo, busca-se compreender os locais de comercialização e a rede de distribuição de alimentos in natura (frutas, legumes, tubérculos, no intuito de analisar a partir da disponibilidade dos alimentos a dinâmica da fronteira na Amazônia Brasileira. Para isso escolheu-se compreender a dinâmica espacial do abastecimento de produtos in natura na cidade de Tabatinga, fronteira Brasil-Colombia-Peru. Consideramos que uma forma interessante de se analisar a dinâmica espacial na fronteira é por meio do abastecimento de produtos in natura, pois esta dinâmica relaciona tanto a rede urbana quanto a dinâmica fluvial além da questão da produção agricola local e regional e mais especificamente nos permite delinear aspectos relacionados a segurança alimentar na região.

  7. On the connectivity anisotropy in fluvial Hot Sedimentary Aquifers and its influence on geothermal doublet performance

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Willems, Cees J.L.; Nick, Hamid; Donselaar, Marinus E.

    2017-01-01

    This study finds that the geothermal doublet layout with respect to the paleo flow direction in fluvial sedimentary reservoirs could significantly affect pump energy losses. These losses can be reduced by up to 10% if a doublet well pair is oriented parallel to the paleo flow trend compared...

  8. Fluvial response to Holocene volcanic damming and breaching in the Gediz and Geren rivers, western Turkey

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Gorp, W.; Veldkamp, A.; Temme, A.J.A.M.; Maddy, D; Demir, T.; Schriek van der, T.; Reimann, T.; Wallinga, J.; Wijbrans, J.R.; Schoorl, J.M.

    2013-01-01

    This study discusses the complex late Holocene evolution of the Gediz River north of Kula, western Turkey, when a basaltic lava flow dammed and filled this river valley. Age control was obtained using established and novel feldspar luminescence techniques on fluvial sands below and on top of the

  9. Fluvial response to abrupt global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foreman, Brady Z; Heller, Paul L; Clementz, Mark T

    2012-11-01

    Climate strongly affects the production of sediment from mountain catchments as well as its transport and deposition within adjacent sedimentary basins. However, identifying climatic influences on basin stratigraphy is complicated by nonlinearities, feedback loops, lag times, buffering and convergence among processes within the sediment routeing system. The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) arguably represents the most abrupt and dramatic instance of global warming in the Cenozoic era and has been proposed to be a geologic analogue for anthropogenic climate change. Here we evaluate the fluvial response in western Colorado to the PETM. Concomitant with the carbon isotope excursion marking the PETM we document a basin-wide shift to thick, multistoried, sheets of sandstone characterized by variable channel dimensions, dominance of upper flow regime sedimentary structures, and prevalent crevasse splay deposits. This progradation of coarse-grained lithofacies matches model predictions for rapid increases in sediment flux and discharge, instigated by regional vegetation overturn and enhanced monsoon precipitation. Yet the change in fluvial deposition persisted long after the approximately 200,000-year-long PETM with its increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, emphasizing the strong role the protracted transmission of catchment responses to distant depositional systems has in constructing large-scale basin stratigraphy. Our results, combined with evidence for increased dissolved loads and terrestrial clay export to world oceans, indicate that the transient hyper-greenhouse climate of the PETM may represent a major geomorphic 'system-clearing event', involving a global mobilization of dissolved and solid sediment loads on Earth's surface.

  10. Tidal Simulations of an Incised-Valley Fluvial System with a Physics-Based Geologic Model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghayour, K.; Sun, T.

    2012-12-01

    Physics-based geologic modeling approaches use fluid flow in conjunction with sediment transport and deposition models to devise evolutionary geologic models that focus on underlying physical processes and attempt to resolve them at pertinent spatial and temporal scales. Physics-based models are particularly useful when the evolution of a depositional system is driven by the interplay of autogenic processes and their response to allogenic controls. This interplay can potentially create complex reservoir architectures with high permeability sedimentary bodies bounded by a hierarchy of shales that can effectively impede flow in the subsurface. The complex stratigraphy of tide-influenced fluvial systems is an example of such co-existing and interacting environments of deposition. The focus of this talk is a novel formulation of boundary conditions for hydrodynamics-driven models of sedimentary systems. In tidal simulations, a time-accurate boundary treatment is essential for proper imposition of tidal forcing and fluvial inlet conditions where the flow may be reversed at times within a tidal cycle. As such, the boundary treatment at the inlet has to accommodate for a smooth transition from inflow to outflow and vice-versa without creating numerical artifacts. Our numerical experimentations showed that boundary condition treatments based on a local (frozen) one-dimensional approach along the boundary normal which does not account for the variation of flow quantities in the tangential direction often lead to unsatisfactory results corrupted by numerical artifacts. In this talk, we propose a new boundary treatment that retains all spatial and temporal terms in the model and as such is capable to account for nonlinearities and sharp variations of model variables near boundaries. The proposed approach borrows heavily from the idea set forth by J. Sesterhenn1 for compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The methodology is successfully applied to a tide-influenced incised

  11. Cross-stratified Wood: Enigmatic Woody Debris Deposits in Warm-Polar Fluvial Sediments (Pliocene Beaufort Formation, Nunavut)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Davies, N. S.; Gosse, J. C.; Rybczynski, N.

    2012-04-01

    Woody debris has been an important sediment component and a significant geomorphic agent in pristine fluvial systems since the Devonian. In recent years a large volume of research has focussed on various aspects of the importance of woody debris within the fluvial realm; from the evolutionary significance of fossil wood accumulations in the rock record to studies of the biogeomorphological and ecological importance of woody debris in modern rivers. In this presentation we describe cross-stratified woody debris deposits comprising organic detritus from a boreal-type treeline forest that included species of pine, birch, poplar, alder, spruce, eastern cedar, and larch, in both shrub and tree form. The cross-stratified wood is an enigmatic subset of fine woody debris which, to our knowledge, has never before been described from either the global stratigraphic record or modern fluvial environments. The deposits we describe are located within the Pliocene Beaufort Formation on Meighen Island, Nunavut, Canada, at a latitude of 80°N, and are compared with other cross-stratified woody debris deposits that have been noted elsewhere in the Pliocene of the Canadian Arctic. We make the robust observation that these deposits appear to be geographically and stratigraphically restricted to polar latitudes from a period of warm climatic conditions during the Pliocene (15-20 °C warmer mean annual temperature than the present day). In this regard it is possible to speculate that the transport of large amounts of woody debris as bedload is potentially a unique feature of forested high latitude rivers. Such bedload deposition requires a large amount of woody debris with a greater density than the fluid transporting it. The softwood composition of the debris suggests that this was most likely attained by saturation and subsequent entrainment of extensive accumulations of deadwood, promoted by unusually high rates of tree mortality and low rates of bacterial decomposition arising from

  12. Formation of topographically inverted fluvial deposits on Earth and Mars

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hayden, A.; Lamb, M. P.; Fischer, W. W.; Ewing, R. C.; McElroy, B. J.

    2016-12-01

    Sinuous ridges interpreted as exhumed river deposits (so-called "inverted channels") are common features on Mars that show promise for quantifying ancient martian surface hydrology. Morphological similarity of these inverted channels to river channels led to a "landscape inversion hypothesis" in which the geometries of ridges and ridge networks accurately reflect the geometries of the paleo-river channels and networks. An alternative "deposit inversion hypothesis" proposes that ridges represent eroded fluvial channel-belt deposits with channel-body geometries that may differ significantly from those of the rivers that built the deposit. To investigate these hypotheses we studied the sedimentology and morphology of inverted channels in Jurassic and Cretaceous outcrops in Utah and the Aeolis Dorsa region of Mars. Ridges in Utah extend for hundreds of meters, are tens of meters wide, and stand up to 30 meters above the surrounding plain. A thick ribbon-geometry sandstone or conglomerate body caps overbank mudstone, paleosols, and thin crevasse-splay sandstone beds. Caprock beds consist of stacked dune- to bar-scale trough cross sets, mud intraclasts, and in cases scroll bars indicating meandering. In plan view, ridge networks bifurcate; however, crosscutting relationships show that distinct sandstone channel bodies at distinct stratigraphic levels intersect at these junctions. Ridge-forming sandstone bodies have been narrowed from their original dimensions by cliff retreat and bisected by modern fluvial erosion and mass wasting. We therefore interpret the sinuous ridges in Utah as eroded remnants of channel-belt sandstone bodies formed by laterally migrating and avulsing rivers rather than channel fills - consistent with deposit inversion. If the sinuous ridges in Aeolis Dorsa also formed by deposit inversion, river widths previously interpreted under the landscape inversion hypothesis are overestimated by up to a factor of 10 and discharges by up to a factor of 100.

  13. Fluvial sediment transport in a glacier-fed high-mountain river (Riffler Bach, Austrian Alps)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morche, David; Weber, Martin; Faust, Matthias; Schuchardt, Anne; Baewert, Henning

    2017-04-01

    High-alpine environments are strongly affected by glacier retreat since the Little Ice Age (LIA). Due to ongoing climate change the hydrology of proglacial rivers is also influenced. It is expected that the growing proportions of snow melt and rainfall events will change runoff characteristics of proglacial rivers. Additionally, the importance of paraglacial sediment sources in recently deglaciating glacier forefields is increasing, while the role of glacial erosion is declining. Thus complex environmental conditions leading to a complex pattern of fluvial sediment transport in partly glaciated catchments of the European Alps. Under the umbrella of the joint PROSA-project the fluvial sediment transport of the river Riffler Bach (Kaunertal, Tyrol, Austria) was studied in 3 consecutive ablation seasons in order to quantify sediment yields. In June 2012 a probe for water level and an automatic water sampler (AWS) were installed at the outlet of the catchment (20km2). In order to calculate annual stage-discharge-relations by the rating-curve approach, discharge (Q) was repeatedly measured with current meters and by salt dilution. Concurrent to the discharge measurements bed load was collected using a portable Helley-Smith sampler. Bed load samples were weighted and sieved in the laboratory to gain annual bed load rating curves and grain size distributions. In total 564 (2012: 154, 2013: 209, 2014: 201) water samples were collected and subsequently filtered to quantify suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). Q-SSC-relations were calculated for single flood events due to the high variability of suspended sediment transport. The results show a high inter- and intra-annual variability of solid fluvial sediment transport, which can be explained by the characteristics of suspended sediment transport. Only 13 of 22 event-based Q-SSC-relations show causal dependency. In 2012, during a period with multiple pluvial-induced peak discharges most sediment was transported. On the

  14. Orthotopic small intestine transplantation in dogs with systemic graft drainage Transplante ortotópico de intestino delgado em cães com drenagem sistêmica do enxerto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão

    2005-09-01

    ções desse procedimento. Drenagem sistêmica do enxerto é freqüentemente realizada nos transplantes clínicos, embora sua conseqüência seja desconhecida. OBJETIVO: Descrever a técnica cirúrgica e a evolução clínica e histopatológica de modelo de transplante de intestino em cão. MÉTODO: Cães mestiços adultos foram usados como doadores e receptores em 10 transplantes ortotópico de intestino delgado com drenagem mesentérico-cava do enxerto. Exame clínico e verificação do peso corpóreo dos receptores foram realizados diariamente. Sacrifício sob anestesia e necropsia foi realizado quando os animais apresentavam estado clínico precário (postura letárgica, diarréia, e perda de peso maior do que 35% ou óbito, para determinação do diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: Três recipientes morreram antes do segundo dia de pós-operatório por erro técnico e foram excluídos do experimento. Os setes receptores restantes apresentaram início de sinais clínicos de rejeição entre os dias 3-4 de pós-operatório e morreram ou foram sacrificados apresentando rejeição severa do enxerto entre os dias 7-9. Necropsia e histologia do enxerto confirmaram o diagnóstico de rejeição aguda grave. CONCLUSÃO: O transplante de intestino delgado com drenagem sistêmica em cão cursa com similar e letal evolução entre os dias de pós-operatórios 7-9 devido a forte rejeição do enxerto. Este modelo é excelente para o estudo pré-clínico das complicações do transplante de intestinal.

  15. Uma cidade pós‑criativa?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Malcom Miles

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Na década de 1990, a reabilitação urbana de base cultural tornou‑se regra na Europa, legitimada pelo conceito de cidade criativa. Em alguns casos, esse processo levou a uma marginalização de culturas locais; noutros, a esperada nova prosperidade não se concretizou com a estetização do espaço e o resultante do enobrecimento urbano (gentrification. A cidade criativa é uma cidade socialmente fragmentada na qual se valoriza a cultura entendida como as artes, em detrimento da cultura enquanto articulação de valores partilhados no quotidiano. Contudo, a crise financeira de 2008 intercetou esta trajetória, proporcionando uma oportunidade para reavaliar o conceito de cidade criativa e os seus valores implícitos. Têm aparecido alternativas, nomeadamente o movimento Ocupa e a arte ativista. Poderá existir uma cidade pós‑criativa? Poderá a imaginação criativa de uma diversidade de grupos urbanos levar a novas formações sociopolíticas e culturais? Isso constituiria possivelmente uma outra revolução urbana.

  16. Characterization of organic matter in dusts and fluvial sediments from exposed areas of dowtown Prague, Czech Republic

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Sýkorová, Ivana; Havelcová, Martina; Trejtnarová, Hana; Matysová, Petra; Vašíček, Michal; Suchý, V.; Kříbek, B.

    2009-01-01

    Roč. 80, č. 2 (2009), s. 69-86 ISSN 0166-5162 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA300460804 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30460519 Keywords : dust * fluvial sediment * carbonaceous particles Subject RIV: DD - Geochemistry Impact factor: 1.924, year: 2009

  17. Middel Pleistocene to Holocene fluvial terrace development and uplift-driven valley incision in the SE Carpathians, Romania

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Necea, D.; Fielitz, W.; Andriessen, P.A.M.; Dinu, C.

    2013-01-01

    This study reveals that in the SE Carpathians terrace development and fluvial incision during the Middle Pleistocene-Holocene are predominantly controlled by tectonic uplift as shown by terrace distributions and uplift amounts and rates. The work focuses on a transect from the internal nappes and

  18. Assessment of spatiotemporal variations in the fluvial wash-load component in the 21st century with regard to GCM climate change scenarios

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mouri, Goro

    2015-01-01

    For stream water, in which a relationship exists between wash-load concentration and discharge, an estimate of fine-sediment delivery may be obtained from a traditional fluvial wash-load rating curve. Here, we demonstrate that the remaining wash-load material load can be estimated from a traditional empirical principle on a nationwide scale. The traditional technique was applied to stream water for the whole of Japan. Four typical GCMs were selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble to provide the driving fields for the following regional climate models to assess the wash-load component based on rating curves: the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), the Meteorological Research Institute Atmospheric General Circulation Model (MRI-GCM), the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model (HadGEM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) climate model. The simulations consisted of an ensemble, including multiple physics configurations and different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), which was used to produce monthly datasets for the whole country of Japan. The impacts of future climate changes on fluvial wash load in Japanese stream water were based on the balance of changes in hydrological factors. The annual and seasonal variations of the fluvial wash load were assessed from the result of the ensemble analysis in consideration of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission scenarios. The determined results for the amount of wash load increase range from approximately 20 to 110% in the 2040s, especially along part of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan regions. In the 2090s, the amount of wash load is projected to increase by more than 50% over the whole of Japan. The assessment indicates that seasonal variation is particularly important because the rainy and typhoon seasons, which include extreme events, are the dominant seasons. Because fluvial wash-load-component turbidity

  19. Assessment of spatiotemporal variations in the fluvial wash-load component in the 21st century with regard to GCM climate change scenarios

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mouri, Goro, E-mail: mouri@rainbow.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

    2015-11-15

    For stream water, in which a relationship exists between wash-load concentration and discharge, an estimate of fine-sediment delivery may be obtained from a traditional fluvial wash-load rating curve. Here, we demonstrate that the remaining wash-load material load can be estimated from a traditional empirical principle on a nationwide scale. The traditional technique was applied to stream water for the whole of Japan. Four typical GCMs were selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble to provide the driving fields for the following regional climate models to assess the wash-load component based on rating curves: the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), the Meteorological Research Institute Atmospheric General Circulation Model (MRI-GCM), the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model (HadGEM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) climate model. The simulations consisted of an ensemble, including multiple physics configurations and different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), which was used to produce monthly datasets for the whole country of Japan. The impacts of future climate changes on fluvial wash load in Japanese stream water were based on the balance of changes in hydrological factors. The annual and seasonal variations of the fluvial wash load were assessed from the result of the ensemble analysis in consideration of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission scenarios. The determined results for the amount of wash load increase range from approximately 20 to 110% in the 2040s, especially along part of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan regions. In the 2090s, the amount of wash load is projected to increase by more than 50% over the whole of Japan. The assessment indicates that seasonal variation is particularly important because the rainy and typhoon seasons, which include extreme events, are the dominant seasons. Because fluvial wash-load-component turbidity

  20. Enfisema subcutâneo maciço - Tratamento com drenos subcutâneos Massive subcutaneous emphysema - Management using subcutaneous drains

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Sucena

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available O enfisema subcutâneo é uma complicação relativamente comum na sequência de técnicas invasivas, procedimentos cirúrgicos e algumas patologias médicas. Na maior parte dos casos apenas causa sintomatologia minor e o tratamento é habitualmente conservador. Mesmo quando grave, raramente tem consequências patofisiológicas significativas, apesar de ser extremamente desconfortável para o doente. Os autores descrevem um caso clínico de enfisema subcutâneo maciço, de rápida instalação, após saída acidental de tubo de drenagem torácica, em doente com pneumotórax espontâneo secundário e fístula broncopleural. O enfisema foi tratado através da colocação, sob anestesia local, de dois drenos subcutâneos na parede anterossuperior do tórax, conectados a sacos de drenagem. Após a colocação dos drenos subcutâneos verificou-se uma franca melhoria clínica do doente, com descompressão eficaz do enfisema subcutâneo. No presente caso clínico, a técnica de drenagem do enfisema maciço mostrou-se simples, segura e eficaz, permitindo o alívio sintomático imediato.Massive subcutaneous emphysema is a relatively common complication in invasive techniques, surgical practice and some medical conditions. Subcutaneous emphysema is usually treated conservatively and may only cause minimal symptoms. Even when it is severe, subcutaneous emphysema rarely has pathophysiologic consequences, but it is extremely uncomfortable for the patient. The authors report a case of massive and rapid developing subcutaneous emphysema following chest tube displacement in a patient with spontaneous secondary pneumothorax and large air leak. The emphysema was treated with two subcutaneous drains, inserted using local anesthesia, on both sides of the chest (antero-superior thoracic wall, connected to drainage bags. The drains produced a dramatic clinical improvement and provided effective decompression of the subcutaneous emphysema. In this clinical case, the

  1. Aplicação de modelos digitais do terreno (MDT em análises macrogeomorfológicas: o caso da bacia hidrográfica do Araguaia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Morato de Carvalho

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho consiste na aplicação e teste de técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto para estudo geomorfológico de macroescala em sistemas fluviais de grande porte. A área de estudo é a bacia do Rio Araguaia, 2 com uma área de drenagem que se estende por 375000 km ao longo do Brasil Central. Foi gerado um modelo digital do terreno (MDT através do sensor Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR, obtido da Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM. O objetivo foi identificar o potencial desta ferramenta para estudos geomorfológicos. Os principais produtos obtidos foram imagem sombreada, mapa hipsométrico, identificação de lineamentos estruturais, mapa de declividade e rede de drenagem, assim como perfis topográficos e o perfil longitudinal do rio Araguaia. Os resultados mostraram que em geral, os modelos tridimensionais do terreno - MDT - são ferramentas bastante eficientes para análises macrogeomorfológicas em grandes bacias hidrográficas. Entretanto, a baixa resolução vertical, produz alguns resultados de declividade relativamente pobres em áreas planas.

  2. Geocronología de los yacimientos achelenses de Pinedo y Cien Fanegas (Valle del Tajo) e implicaciones en la evolución fluvial en el entorno de Toledo (España)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    López-Recio, M.; Silva, P. G.; Roquero, E.

    2015-01-01

    This study presents the first geochronological data from several research projects focused on the chronostratigraphy of the Tagus fluvial terraces in the environs of Toledo city (Central Spain). The research is centered on Middle to Late Pleistocene fluvial terraces with palaeontological and Ache...

  3. Compound simulation of fluvial floods and storm surges in a global coupled river-coast flood model: Model development and its application to 2007 Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ikeuchi, Hiroaki; Hirabayashi, Yukiko; Yamazaki, Dai; Muis, Sanne; Ward, Philip J.; Winsemius, Hessel C.; Verlaan, Martin; Kanae, Shinjiro

    2017-08-01

    Water-related disasters, such as fluvial floods and cyclonic storm surges, are a major concern in the world's mega-delta regions. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of extreme discharges from rivers and storm surges could exacerbate flood risk, compared to when they occur separately. Hence, it is of great importance to assess the compound risks of fluvial and coastal floods at a large scale, including mega-deltas. However, most studies on compound fluvial and coastal flooding have been limited to relatively small scales, and global-scale or large-scale studies have not yet addressed both of them. The objectives of this study are twofold: to develop a global coupled river-coast flood model; and to conduct a simulation of compound fluvial flooding and storm surges in Asian mega-delta regions. A state-of-the-art global river routing model was modified to represent the influence of dynamic sea surface levels on river discharges and water levels. We conducted the experiments by coupling a river model with a global tide and surge reanalysis data set. Results show that water levels in deltas and estuaries are greatly affected by the interaction between river discharge, ocean tides and storm surges. The effects of storm surges on fluvial flooding are further examined from a regional perspective, focusing on the case of Cyclone Sidr in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta in 2007. Modeled results demonstrate that a >3 m storm surge propagated more than 200 km inland along rivers. We show that the performance of global river routing models can be improved by including sea level dynamics.

  4. Reconstructing Early Pleistocene (1.3 Ma) terrestrial environmental change in western Anatolia: Did it drive fluvial terrace formation?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Veldkamp, A.; Candy, I.; Jongmans, A.G.; Maddy, D.; Demir, T.; Schoorl, J.M.; Schreve, D.; Stemerdink, C.; Schriek, van der T.

    2015-01-01

    A terrestrial environmental reconstruction of an Early Pleistocene landscape from western Anatolia is presented. The basis of this reconstruction is a sedimentary stack comprising fluvial and colluvial slope deposits. Contained within this stack is a sequence comprising two massive laminar calcretes

  5. Sediment Transport Dynamic in a Meandering Fluvial System: Case Study of Chini River

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nazir, M. H. M.; Awang, S.; Shaaban, A. J.; Yahaya, N. K. E. M.; Jusoh, A. M.; Arumugam, M. A. R. M. A.; Ghani, A. A.

    2016-07-01

    Sedimentation in river reduces the flood carrying capacity which lead to the increasing of inundation area in the river basin. Basic sediment transport can predict the fluvial processes in natural rivers and stream through modeling approaches. However, the sediment transport dynamic in a small meandering and low-lying fluvial system is considered scarce in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to analyze the current riverbed erosion and sedimentation scenarios along the Chini River, Pekan, Pahang. The present study revealed that silt and clay has potentially been eroded several parts of the river. Sinuosity index (1.98) indicates that Chini River is very unstable and continuous erosion process in waterways has increase the riverbank instability due to the meandering factors. The riverbed erosional and depositional process in the Chini River is a sluggish process since the lake reduces the flow velocity and causes the deposited particles into the silt and clay soil at the bed of the lake. Besides, the bed layer of the lake comprised of cohesive silt and clayey composition that tend to attach the larger grain size of sediment. The present study estimated the total sediment accumulated along the Chini River is 1.72 ton. The HEC-RAS was employed in the simulations and in general the model performed well, once all parameters were set within their effective ranges.

  6. La Pérdida de Espacios Fluviales en Andalucía (1956-2007. Una Aproximación Escalar.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David González-Rojas

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Desde mediados del siglo pasado, los espacios fluviales andaluces han conocido un acelerado proceso de degradación. En el presente artículo se realiza una aproximación histórica y multiescalar de la distribución de estos espacios a partir de los mapas de usos y coberturas vegetales. A escala regional, se evidencia que Andalucía ha perdido una décima parte de los espacios fluviales en seis décadas. En segundo lugar, se analiza, a escala local, dos casos paradigmáticos (río Guadalmina y río Guadalquivir y extensibles al resto del territorio. El esfuerzo realizado para la ordenación de los ríos no ha tenido su reflejo en los resultados obtenidos, siendo las interrelaciones entre la gestión del agua y del territorio (regional, subregional y municipal una cuestión no resuelta.

  7. The evolution of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with periodic steps following two transformational disturbances: A wildfire and a historic flood

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rengers, Francis K.; McGuire, Luke; Ebel, Brian A.; Tucker, G. E.

    2018-01-01

    The transition of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with discrete steps was observed after two landscape-scale disturbances. The first disturbance, a high-severity wildfire, changed the catchment hydrology to favor overland flow, which incised a colluvial hollow, creating a channel in the same location. This incised channel became armored with cobbles and boulders following repeated post-wildfire overland flow events. Three years after the fire, a record rainstorm produced regional flooding and generated sufficient fluvial erosion and sorting to produce a fluvial channel with periodically spaced steps. An analysis of the step spacing shows that after the flood, newly formed steps retained a similar spacing to the topographic roughness spacing in the original colluvial hollow (prior to channelization). This suggests that despite a distinct change in channel form roughness and bedform morphology, the endogenous roughness periodicity was conserved. Variations in sediment erodibility helped to create the emergent steps as the largest particles ( >D84) remained immobile, becoming step features, and downstream soil was easily winnowed away.

  8. The evolution of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with periodic steps following two transformational disturbances: A wildfire and a historic flood

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rengers, F. K.; McGuire, L. A.; Ebel, B. A.; Tucker, G. E.

    2018-05-01

    The transition of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with discrete steps was observed after two landscape-scale disturbances. The first disturbance, a high-severity wildfire, changed the catchment hydrology to favor overland flow, which incised a colluvial hollow, creating a channel in the same location. This incised channel became armored with cobbles and boulders following repeated post-wildfire overland flow events. Three years after the fire, a record rainstorm produced regional flooding and generated sufficient fluvial erosion and sorting to produce a fluvial channel with periodically spaced steps. An analysis of the step spacing shows that after the flood, newly formed steps retained a similar spacing to the topographic roughness spacing in the original colluvial hollow (prior to channelization). This suggests that despite a distinct change in channel form roughness and bedform morphology, the endogenous roughness periodicity was conserved. Variations in sediment erodibility helped to create the emergent steps as the largest particles (>D84) remained immobile, becoming step features, and downstream soil was easily winnowed away.

  9. A feminilidade como uma posição de sujeito: uma abordagem lacaniana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Alves Coelho

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho é diferenciar duas formas de pensar a feminilidade. A primeira, entendida a partir da economia libidinal de um homem e a segunda como uma forma própria de um sujeito se constituir sexuado. Neste trabalho, a feminilidade é pensada como uma posição do sujeito, e buscamos aproximar alguns dos principais conceitos que Freud e Lacan usam para pensar a feminilidade, nomeadamente, no caso de Freud, no que diz respeito à configuração particular da libido feminina entre a libido objetal e a libido narcísica e, no caso de Lacan, no que diz respeito à relação da mulher com o falo ser mediada por uma forma diferente de relação com o Outro.

  10. Evidence of population resistance to extreme low flows in a fluvial-dependent fish species

    Science.gov (United States)

    Katz, Rachel A.; Freeman, Mary C.

    2015-01-01

    Extreme low streamflows are natural disturbances to aquatic populations. Species in naturally intermittent streams display adaptations that enhance persistence during extreme events; however, the fate of populations in perennial streams during unprecedented low-flow periods is not well-understood. Biota requiring swift-flowing habitats may be especially vulnerable to flow reductions. We estimated the abundance and local survival of a native fluvial-dependent fish species (Etheostoma inscriptum) across 5 years encompassing historic low flows in a sixth-order southeastern USA perennial river. Based on capturemark-recapture data, the study shoal may have acted as a refuge during severe drought, with increased young-of-the-year (YOY) recruitment and occasionally high adult immigration. Contrary to expectations, summer and autumn survival rates (30 days) were not strongly depressed during low-flow periods, despite 25%-80% reductions in monthly discharge. Instead, YOY survival increased with lower minimum discharge and in response to small rain events that increased low-flow variability. Age-1+ fish showed the opposite pattern, with survival decreasing in response to increasing low-flow variability. Results from this population dynamics study of a small fish in a perennial river suggest that fluvial-dependent species can be resistant to extreme flow reductions through enhanced YOY recruitment and high survival

  11. Caracterización estacional del hábitat fluvial del río Erro (Navarra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P.M. Leunda, R. Miranda, M.C. Escala

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta la descripción de catorce tramos representativos del río Erro (Navarra a partir de la caracterización del hábitat fluvial llevada a cabo en invierno, verano y otoño de 2002. Para este estudio se han considerado parámetros tanto del hábitat físico (profundidad, anchura del cauce, pendiente de las orillas, velocidad del agua, tipo de sustrato, vegetación acuática y sombreado como físico-químicos del agua (temperatura, pH, conductividad, sólicos disueltos y oxigeno disuelto. El análisis de las caracteristicas del rio Erro permite considerar su estado general como bueno, aunque se detecta la presencia de un tramo sensible aguas abajo de la localidad de Erro. Si bien este tramo sensible presenta niveles de conservación aceptables, es susceptible de deteriorarse si no de adoptan las medidas oportunas para su conservación. Se sugiere su inclusión en el Lugar de Interés Comunitario (Red Natura 2000 de Navarra de los "Sistemas Fluviales de lis Ríos Irati, Urrobi y Erro".

  12. Milankovitch cyclicity in the paleotropical, fluvial, Late Triassic age strata recovered by the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olsen, P. E.; Mundil, R.; Kent, D.; Rasmussen, C.

    2017-12-01

    Two questions addressed by the CPCP are: 1) is Milankovitch-paced climate cyclicity recorded in the fluvial Late Triassic age Chinle Formation ( 227-202 Ma); and 2) do geochronological data from the Chinle support the Newark-Hartford astrochronological polarity time scale (1) (APTS). To these ends we examined the upper 157 m (stratigraphic thickness) of Petrified Forest National Park core 1A (Owl Rock, Petrified Forest, and upper Sonsela members), consisting mostly of massive red paleosols and less important fluvial sandstones. A linear age model tied to new U-Pb zircon CA ID-TIMS dates from core 1A, consistent with published data from outcrop (2), yields a duration of about 5 Myr for this interval. Magnetic susceptibility variations, interpreted as reflecting penecontemporaneous soil and sandstone redox conditions, show a clear 12 m cycle corresponding to a 400 kyr cycle based on Fourier analysis in both core and hole. Similar cyclicity is apparent in spectrophotometric data, largely reflecting hematite variability. Weak, higher frequency cycles are present consistent with 100 kyr variability. There is no interpretable 20 kyr signal. Such cyclicity is not an anticipated direct effect of Milankvitch insolation variations, but must reflect non-linear integration of variability that changes dramatically at the eccentricity-scale, brought about by the sedimentary and climate systems. Our results support a direct 405 kyr-level correlation between the fluvial medial Chinle and lacustrine Newark Basin section (middle Passaic Formation), consistent with new and published (3) paleomagnetic polarity stratigraphy from the Chinle, showing that the Milankovitch eccentricity cycles are recorded in lower accumulation rate fluvial systems. Our results also independently support the continuity of the Newark Basin section and corroborate the Newark-Hartford APTS, not allowing for a multi-million year hiatus in the Passaic Formation, as has been asserted (4). We anticipate further

  13. Fluvial sedimentology of a major uranium-bearing sandstone - A study of the Westwater Canyon member of the Morrison Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Turner-Peterson, C.E.

    1986-01-01

    The Westwater Canyon Member of the Morrison Formation, the main ore-bearing sandstone in the San Juan basin, consists of a sequence of vertically stacked braided stream deposits. Three fluvial units within the sequence can be delineated in the basin. Volcanic pebbles are abundant in the middle fluvial unit, in a zone that forms a crude time line. A pronounced thickening of sandstone in the Westwater Canyon Member north of Gallup, once believed to be the apex of a large alluvial fan, is now thought to merely reflect a greater accumulation of sediment in response to downwarping of the basin in that area. Provenance studies suggest that highlands that contributed detritus to Westwater Canyon streams were located several hundred kilometers to the west and southwest of the San Juan basin, and thus fan apices would also have been several hundred kilometers upstream. The fluvial units recognized in the basin may well be coalesced distal fan deposits, but are probably best interpreted as vertically stacked braided steam sequences. Facies changes in fine-grained interbeds of the Westwater Canyon probably have greater significance in terms of localizing ore than any special attribute of the fluvial sandstones themselves. Uranium ore generally occurs in sandstones that are interbedded with greenish-gray lacustrine mudstones. Pore waters that were expelled from these mudstones are thought to have been the source of the pore-filling organic matter (humate) associated with primary uranium ore in nearby sandstones

  14. Reconstructing late quaternary fluvial process controls in the upper aller valley (north Germany) by means of numerical modeling

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Veldkamp, A.; Berg, van den M.; Dijke, van J.J.; Berg van Saparoea, van den R.M.

    2002-01-01

    The morpho-genetic evolution of the upper Aller valley (Weser basin, North Germany) was reconstructed using geological and geomorphologic data integrated within a numerical process model framework (FLUVER-2). The current relief was shaped by Pre-Elsterian fluvial processes, Elsterian and Saalian ice

  15. Reconstructing Late Quaternary fluvial process controls in the upper Aller Valley (North Germany) by means of numerical modeling

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Veldkamp, A.; Berg, M.W. van den; Dijke, J.J. van; Berg van den; Saparoea, R.M. van

    2002-01-01

    The morpho-genetic evolution of the upper Aller valley (Weser basin, North Germany) was reconstructed using geological and geomorphologic data integrated within a numerical process model framework (FLUVER-2). The current relief was shaped by Pre-Elsterian fluvial processes, Elsterian and Saalian ice

  16. Étude préliminaire de recrutement fluvial de l'anguille

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LEGAULT A.

    1994-10-01

    La passe piège représente la seule voie de franchissement de l'obstacle. L'évaluation des captures permet d'estimer le taux de recrutement du bassin versant pour l'année 1992. Il s'établit à 561 individus par km2 de bassin versant. L'évaluation annuelle de ce taux pourrait être utilisée afin de suivre la dynamique du stock à l'échelle du bassin versant. Ces évaluations, conduites à l'échelle de l'aire de répartition européenne de l'anguille, pourraient permettre d'établir le recrutement fluvial annuel et ses fluctuations.

  17. Phytolith analysis in fluvial quaternary sediment (San Salvador and Palmar formation) Uruguay river and Argentina eastern

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Patterer, N.; Passeggi, E.; Zucol, A.; Brea, M.; Krohling, D.

    2012-01-01

    This work is about two microfossils fluvial units deposited by the Uruguay river during the Quaternary. These are San Salvador and Palmar formation (Plio-Pleistocene - Upper Pleistocene).The Palmar formation is a band of 4-15 km along the right bank of the Uruguay river outcropping from the eastern provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios, to Concepcion del Uruguay

  18. Relevance of the Paraná River hydrology on the fluvial water quality of the Delta Biosphere Reserve.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Puig, Alba; Olguín Salinas, Héctor F; Borús, Juan A

    2016-06-01

    The increasing frequency of extreme events in large rivers may affect not only their flow, but also their water quality. In the present study, spatial and temporal changes in fluvial physico-chemical variables were analyzed in a mega-river delta during two extreme hydrological years (La Niña-El Niño) and related to potential explanatory factors. Basic water variables were evaluated in situ at 13 points (distant 2-35 km from each other) in watercourses of the Delta Biosphere Reserve (890 km(2)) in the Lower Paraná River (Argentina) in nine surveys (October 2008-July 2010) without meteorological tides. Samples for laboratory analyses were collected from each main river. Multivariate tests by permutations were applied. The period studied was influenced by a drought, within a long period dominated by low flows combined with dry weather and wildfires, and a large (10 years of recurrence) and prolonged (7 months) flood. The hydrological phase, followed by the season and the hydrological year (according to the ENSO event) were the principal explanatory factors of the main water quality changes, whereas the drainage sub-basin and the fluvial environment (river or stream) were secondary explanatory factors. During the drought period, conductivity, turbidity, and associated variables (e.g., major ions, silicon, and iron concentrations) were maximal, whereas real color was minimal. In the overbanking flood phase, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration were minimal, whereas real color was maximal. Dissolved oxygen saturation was also low in the receding flood phase and total major ion load doubled after the arrival of the overbanking stage. The water quality of these watercourses may be affected by the combination of several influences, such as the Paraná River flow, the pulses with sediments and solutes from the Bermejo River, the export of the Delta floodplain properties mainly by the flood, the season, and the saline tributaries to the Lower Paraná River. The high

  19. Implications of sedimentological studies for environmental pollution assessment and management: Examples from fluvial systems in North Queensland and Western Australia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eyre, Bradley; McConchie, David

    1993-05-01

    Sedimentology is of increasing importance in environmental research, particularly environmental pollution studies, where past trends in environmental processes need to be combined with data on present conditions to predict likely future changes—the past and present as a key to the future. Two examples are used to illustrate the role of sedimentology in assessing the influence of major processes on the transport, accumulation, deposition and modification of contaminants in fluvial/estuarine systems and in developing environmental management plans. Example 1 shows that when assessing nutrient behaviour in fluvial/estuarine depositional settings, it is important to examine the partitioning of phosphorus between grain size fractions to evaluate the sedimentological processes which control the dispersion and trapping of these contaminants. Example 2 shows that in studies of anthropogenic metal inputs to modern depositional settings, lateral and stratigraphic trends in sediment texture and mineralogy should be examined, in addition to trends in metal loads and evaluation of the prevailing physical, chemical and biological processes that may influence metal mobility and dispersion. Clearly, basic sedimentological data should form part of any assessment of potentially contaminated sites and part of investigations into the dispersion and trapping of contaminants in fluvial systems. These data are also required for rational environmental management to ensure that planning decisions are compatible with natural environmental constraints.

  20. Volcanic or Fluvial Channels on Ascraeus Mons: Focus on the Source Area of Sinuous Channels on the Southeast Rift Apron

    Science.gov (United States)

    Signorella, J. D.; de Wet, A. P.; Bleacher, J. E.; Collins, A.; Schierl, Z. P.; Schwans, B.

    2012-03-01

    This study focuses on the source area of sinuous channels on the southeast rift apron on Ascraeus Mons, Mars and attempts to understand whether the channels were formed through volcanic or fluvial processes.

  1. A hydro-geochemical study of Nahr-Ibrahim catchment area: Fluvial metal transport

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Korfali, Samira

    2004-01-01

    Author.Metals enter water bodies geological weathering, soil erosion, industrial and domestic waste discharges, as well as atmospheric deposition. The metal content in sediments is a reflection of the nature of their background whether of geologic and/or anthropogenic origin. The depositional process of metals in sediment are controlled by river discharge, turbulence of river, morphology and river geometry, as well as the geochemical phases of sediment and soils. Thus a study of metal content in river and /or metal transport with a water body should include a hydrological study of the river, types of minerals in sediment and soil, sediment and soil textures, and metal speciation in the different geochemical phases of sediment, bank and soils. A contaminated flood plain is a temporary storage system for pollutants and an understanding of soil-sediment-interactions is important prerequisite for modeling fluvial pollutant transport. The determination of metal speciation in sediment and soil chemical fraction can provide information on the way in which these metals are bound to sediment and soil, their mobilization potential, bioavailability and possible mechanism of fluvial pollutant transport. Sequential extraction techniques yielding operationally defined chemical pools have been used by many workers to examine the partitioning of metals among the various geochemical phases of sediment or soil. The sequential extraction method specifies metals in sediment fractions as: exchangeable, specifically sorbed, easily reducible, moderately reducible, organic, residual. Previously, I have conducted a study on speciation of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) in the dry season bed-load sediments only at five sites 13 km stretch upstream from the mouth of Nahr Ibrahim. The reported data revealed that the specifically sorbed sediment fraction was the prime fraction for deposition of Mn, Z, CU, Pb and Cd metals in sediments. X-ray diffraction analysis of bed sediments showed

  2. Temporal correlation of fluvial and alluvial sequences in the Makran Range, SE-Iran

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kober, F.; Zeilinger, G.; Ivy-Ochs, S.; Dolati, A.; Smit, J.; Burg, J.-P.; Bahroudi, A.; Kubik, P. W.; Baur, H.; Wieler, R.; Haghipour, N.

    2009-04-01

    The Makran region of southeastern Iran is an active accretionary wedge with a partially subaerial component. New investigations have revealed a rather complex geodynamic evolution of the Makran active accretionary wedge that is not yet fully understood in its entity. Ongoing convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates and tectonic activity since the late Mesozoic has extended all trough the Quaternary. We focus here on fluvial and alluvial sequences in tectonically separated basins that have been deposited probably in the Pliocene/Quaternary, based on stratigraphic classification in official geological maps, in order to understand the climatic and tectonic forces occurring during the ongoing accretionary wegde formation. Specifically, we investigate the influence of Quaternary climate variations (Pleistocene cold period, monsoonal variations) on erosional and depositional processes in the (semi)arid Makran as well as local and regional tectonic forces in the Coastal and Central Makran Range region. Necessary for such an analysis is a temporal calibration of alluvial and fluvial terrace sequences that will allow an inter-basin correlation. We utilize the exposure age dating method using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) due to the lack of otherwise datatable material in the arid Makran region. Limited radiocarbon data are only available for marine terraces (wave-cut platforms). Our preliminary 21Ne and 10Be TCN-ages of amalgamated clast samples from (un)deformed terrace and alluvial sequences range from ~250 ky to present day (modern wash). These ages agree in relative terms with sequences previously assigned by other investigations through correlation of Quaternary sequences from Central and Western Iran regions. However, our minimum ages suggest that all age sequences are of middle to late Pleistocene age, compared to Pliocene age estimates previously assigned for the oldest units. Although often suggested, a genetical relation and connection of those

  3. Comparação entre a Feição de Hidrografia Extraída de uma Imagem do Srtm (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission e a Vetorizada pelo Módulo Arcscan/ Arcgis®: : Estudo de Caso para Fins de Análise Hidrológica na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Grande, Divisa entre os Estados de MG e SP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sady Júnior M. C. de Menezes

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available O SRTM - Shutle Radar Topography Mission – é uma missão o qual gerou-se uma base topográfica digital de alta resolução. A SRTM consiste num sistema de radar especialmente modificado que voou a bordo do Endea-vour (ônibus espacial, em fevereiro de 2000. As imagens obtidas pelo SRTM garantiu amplas aplicações em estudos espaciais, uma vez que os processos de comunicação visual para a produção de cartografia de base e mapas de precisão da análise espacial foram utilizados. O presente estudo foi baseado em duas etapas de processamento de dados: inicialmente, incidiu sobre a manipulação de bases vetorizadas (dados de hidrografia obtidos pelo IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e, em seguida, gerou-se informações vetorizadas a partir de imagens SRTM. A área de estudo é a Bacia do Rio Grande, MG/SP. Usando o programa de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica - ArcGIS 9.3.1 - foi obtido pelo módulo Spatial Analyst a hidrografia que foi extraída do SRTM. Após essa extração, foram comparadas as informações obtidas com o IBGE (vetor da base de dados utilizando o módulo Arcscan/ArcGIS e as informações obtidas pelo SRTM. Verificou-se uma ligeira diferença entre a distribuição e a concentração dos prováveis canais de drenagem entre os mapas dos vetores gerados (IBGE x SRTM. O trabalho demonstrou o uso dos dados do SRTM possibilitando a atualização de dados da rede hidrográfica de extensas áreas de modo bastante facilitado, com a vantagem de ser organizado pela mesma equipe e pelo mesmo processo metodológico, sem riscos de desigualdades durante sua geração.

  4. UMA VOLTA NA ESCOLA, UMA VOLTA NA VIDA: VIVÊNCIAS EM PSICOLOGIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilmar Ferreira dos Santos

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available A Psicologia se consolidou como uma ciência de intervenção ampla, superando os limites da atuação individual. Uma das áreas de atuação do psicólogo é na escola. Com mais de um século de existência, a psicologia interviu dentro do contexto escolar de diversas formas. Umas estão ultrapassadas, outras formas se fazem presentes no contexto social e nas práticas educacionais. A atuação do psicólogo escolar é uma história em construção. Desta forma, este artigo oferece como temática a utilização de instrumentais metodológicos para o psicólogo escolar, a partir da experiência de estágio profissionalizante, quando se relatam as contribuições teórico-metodológicas que nortearam a prática e ofereceram suporte às intervenções. Utilizaram-se como subsídios teóricos, as concepções da Psicologia Sociointeracionista, a visão antropológica da observação participante e as contribuições da Psicologia Escolar. A observação participante enquanto metodologia qualitativa permitiu a modificação nas relações sociais do contexto escolar, favorecendo a inserção e a presença dos estagiários, bem como a promoção das relações interpessoais dentro e entre os partícipes da comunidade institucional. As ações ocorreram em uma instituição de ensino fundamental situada na região do Sertão Central Cearense, abrangendo toda comunidade escolar. A experiência aponta que as ações desenvolvidas contribuíram para promoção de saúde no contexto educacional.

  5. Regional Contamination of Moravia (South-Eastern Czech Republic): Temporal Shift of Pb and Zn Loading in Fluvial Sediments

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Matys Grygar, Tomáš; Sedláček, J.; Bábek, O.; Nováková, Tereza; Strnad, L.; Mihaljevič, M.

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 223, č. 2 (2012), s. 739-753 ISSN 0049-6979 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAAX00130801 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40320502 Keywords : fluvial sediments * Pb * Zn * regional contamination Subject RIV: DD - Geochemistry Impact factor: 1.748, year: 2012

  6. An inventory of published and unpublished fluvial-sediment data for California, 1956-70

    Science.gov (United States)

    Porterfield, George

    1972-01-01

    This inventory was prepared to provide a convenient reference to published and unpublished fluvial-sediment data for water years 1956-70, and updates substantially previous inventories. Sediment stations are listed in downstream order, and an alphabetical list of stations is also included. Figure 1 shows the approximate location of sediment stations in California. Most of the fluvial-sediment data in California were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, under cooperative agreements with the following Federal, State, and local agencies: California Department of Water Resources, California Department of Navigation and Ocean Development, California Department of Fish and Game, Bolinas Harbor District, Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Orange County Flood Control District, Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, San Diego County Department of Sanitation and Flood Control, San Luis Obispo County, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County Flood Control and Water District, Santa Cruz County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Santa Cruz, city of, University of California, Ventura County Flood Control District, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. This report was prepared by the Geological Survey under the general supervision of R. Stanley Lord, district chief in charge of water-resources investigations in California.

  7. Floodplain forest succession reveals fluvial processes: A hydrogeomorphic model for temperate riparian woodlands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Egger, Gregory; Politti, Emilio; Lautsch, Erwin; Benjankar, Rohan; Gill, Karen M; Rood, Stewart B

    2015-09-15

    River valley floodplains are physically-dynamic environments where fluvial processes determine habitat gradients for riparian vegetation. These zones support trees and shrubs whose life stages are adapted to specific habitat types and consequently forest composition and successional stage reflect the underlying hydrogeomorphic processes and history. In this study we investigated woodland vegetation composition, successional stage and habitat properties, and compared these with physically-based indicators of hydraulic processes. We thus sought to develop a hydrogeomorphic model to evaluate riparian woodland condition based on the spatial mosaic of successional phases of the floodplain forest. The study investigated free-flowing and dam-impacted reaches of the Kootenai and Flathead Rivers, in Idaho and Montana, USA and British Columbia, Canada. The analyses revealed strong correspondence between vegetation assessments and metrics of fluvial processes indicating morphodynamics (erosion and shear stress), inundation and depth to groundwater. The results indicated that common successional stages generally occupied similar hydraulic environments along the different river segments. Comparison of the spatial patterns between the free-flowing and regulated reaches revealed greater deviation from the natural condition for the braided channel segment than for the meandering segment. This demonstrates the utility of the hydrogeomorphic approach and suggests that riparian woodlands along braided channels could have lower resilience than those along meandering channels and might be more vulnerable to influences such as from river damming or climate change. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DO DELTA DO RIO DOCE (ES COM BASE EM ANÁLISE MULTISSENSOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Palotti Polizel

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available A costa leste brasileira apresenta uma sucessão de sistemas deltaicos, sendo o delta do rio Doce, localizado no Estado do Espírito Santo, um dos mais expressivos. A progradação principal deste delta, de geometria cuspidada típica de deltas de onda, tem sido atribuída à queda do nível do mar que se seguiu à transgressão holocênica média. Análises preliminares de novos produtos de sensoriamento remoto disponibilizados nesses últimos anos mostraram o potencial de aprimoramento do mapa geomorfológico desse delta, que pode contribuir para a melhor reconstituição paleoambiental e evolução desse sistema deposicional. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo fornecer um mapa geomorfológico detalhado para a planície costeira do rio Doce com base em dados multissensores integrando Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE do Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM, Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR do Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS, imagens TM/Landsat, além de imagens óticas de alta resolução extraídas do Google EarthTM. O mapeamento geomorfológico feito por interpretação visual resultou no estabelecimento de seis classes principais, designadas de: 1 drenagem atual; 2 cordão litorâneo/spit; 3 paleocanal; 4 planície interdistributária; 5 flúvio-estuarino/lagunar/marinho raso; e 6 terraço fluvial. De maneira geral, o emprego combinado dos produtos de sensoriamento produziu resultados satisfatórios para a separação dessas classes. O MDE-SRTM contribuiu para a identificação somente da classe paleocanais. As imagens PALSAR foram úteis na identificação das classes cordão litorâneo/spit, paleocanal, flúvio-estuarino/lagunar/marinho raso e terraço fluvial. As imagens TM/Landsat possibilitaram o reconhecimento das classes drenagem atual, cordão litorâneo/spit, planície interdistributária e flúvio-estuarino/lagunar/marinho raso. O mapa geomorfológico contribuiu na caracterização mais

  9. Arctic deltaic lake sediments as recorders of fluvial organic matter deposition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorien E Vonk

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Arctic deltas are dynamic and vulnerable regions that play a key role in land-ocean interactions and the global carbon cycle. Delta lakes may provide valuable historical records of the quality and quantity of fluvial fluxes, parameters that are challenging to investigate in these remote regions. Here we study lakes from across the Mackenzie Delta, Arctic Canada, that receive fluvial sediments from the Mackenzie River when spring flood water levels rise above natural levees. We compare downcore lake sediments with suspended sediments collected during the spring flood, using bulk (% organic carbon, % total nitrogen, 13C, 14C and molecular organic geochemistry (lignin, leaf waxes. High-resolution age models (137Cs, 210Pb of downcore lake sediment records (n=11 along with lamina counting on high-resolution radiographs show sediment deposition frequencies ranging between annually to every 15 years. Down-core geochemical variability in a representative delta lake sediment core is consistent with historical variability in spring flood hydrology (variability in peak discharge, ice jamming, peak water levels. Comparison with earlier published Mackenzie River depth profiles shows that (i lake sediments reflect the riverine surface suspended load, and (ii hydrodynamic sorting patterns related to spring flood characteristics are reflected in the lake sediments. Bulk and molecular geochemistry of suspended particulate matter from the spring flood peak and lake sediments are relatively similar showing a mixture of modern higher-plant derived material, older terrestrial permafrost material, and old rock-derived material. This suggests that deltaic lake sedimentary records hold great promise as recorders of past (century-scale riverine fluxes and may prove instrumental in shedding light on past behaviour of arctic rivers, as well as how they respond to a changing climate.

  10. Fluvial sedimentary styles and associated depositional environments in the buntsandstein west of river rhine in saar area and pfalz (F.R. Germany) and vosges (France)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dachroth, Wolfgang

    The Buntsandstein west of river Rhine in Saar area, Pfalz and Vosges consists of three fluvial magnacycles which are characterized by different associated non-alluvial environments. The stratigraphic sequence is divided by several unconformities reflecting tectonic movements which were connected with periods of extension of the depositional area. Two major phases and two minor events are recognized by the evaluation of the Pfalz unconformity and the Lothringen unconformity, and the Leuter unconformity and the Saar unconformity, respectively. The Lower Buntsandstein (including Zechstein) compries the first magnacycle and is built up of alluvial-fan deposits, fluvial braidplain sediments and marine to lagoonal deposits. Some aeolian sands as well as several palaeosols are also present. The palaeolandscape consists of alluvial fans seaming the margin of the basin and fluvial braidplains reaching from the toes of the fan belt to the centre of the depositional area which is occupied by a lagoonal sea that partially evolves into a playa-lake with progressive refreshment. The Middle Buntsandstein comprises the second magnacycle and is composed of an alternation of aeolian Dünnschichten and fluvial Felsbänke. The third facies are alluvial-fan deposits of palaeogeographically restricted distribution along the margins of the basin. The aeolian Dünnschichten originate in the marginal parts of chott-type depressions (in comparison with the recent Chott Djerid in Tunesia) where rising ground water moistens the dry sediments that are laid down on the playa floor and thus allows their enhanced preservation. In dry periods, wind-blown sand is spread out as plane sheets or as migrating wind ripple trains, or accumulates to barchanoid-type dunes that advance across the flat. Depending on supply of sand, all stages of transition between dune fields with only narrow interdune corridors between the ridges and interdune playas with isolated widely-spaced dunes are developed. The

  11. Código del Consumidor y transporte fluvial en Loreto, San Martín y Ucayali. Análisis a dos años de su vigencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Enrique Reátegui Ríos

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available El transporte fluvial es una de las principales modalidades de transporte empleada en los departamentos de Loreto, San Martín y Ucayali. El principal problema que afecta al sector es el elevado nivel de informalidad que perjudica a sus usuarios, la mayoría de los cuales se encuentra en situación de pobreza o extrema pobreza. El Indecopi ha desarrollado acciones concretas con la finalidad de lograr una protección y una efectiva defensa de los derechos del consumidor, para lo cual, articula esfuerzos con otras instituciones para garantizar un servicio de transporte fluvial de calidad y seguro. El presente artículo presenta brevemente algunos datos sobre la prestación del servicio de transporte fluvial en los departamentos de Loreto, San Martín y Ucayali, la intervención del INDECOPI y algunas reflexiones respecto al rol que compete al Estado en este sector.

  12. Fluvial sediment transport: Analytical techniques for measuring sediment load

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2005-07-01

    Sediment transport data are often used for the evaluation of land surface erosion, reservoir sedimentation, ecological habitat quality and coastal sediment budgets. Sediment transport by rivers is usually considered to occur in two major ways: (1) in the flow as a suspended load and (2) along the bed as a bed load. This publication provides guidance on selected techniques for the measurement of particles moving in both modes in the fluvial environment. The relative importance of the transport mode is variable and depends on the hydraulic and sedimentary conditions. The potential user is directed in the selection of an appropriate technique through the presentation of operating principles, application guidelines and estimated costs. Techniques which require laboratory analysis are grab sample, pump sample, depth sample, point integrated and radioactive tracers. Techniques which will continuously record data are optical backscattering, nuclear transmission, single frequency acoustic and laser diffraction

  13. Diagnostic sedimentary structures of the fluvial-tidal transition zone – Evidence from deposits of the Rhine and Meuse

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Berg, J.H. van den; Boersma, J.R.; Gelder, A. van

    2007-01-01

    n mesotidal settings the transition of a coastal plain estuary to the river is marked by the change of a multiple ebb and flood channel configurationto a single channel system. At high river discharge fluvial processes operate, whereas in periods of low discharge the flow is complicated by a

  14. The origin of dose distributions in fluvial sediments, and the prospect of dating single grains from fluvial deposits using optically stimulated luminescence

    CERN Document Server

    Olley, J M; Roberts, R G

    1999-01-01

    We examine the causes of the asymmetric distributions of dose observed from measurements of the optically stimulated luminescence emitted by small aliquots of fluvial quartz, and deduce that the asymmetry arises as a result of samples being composed of a mix of mainly well bleached grains with grains that were effectively unbleached at the time of deposition. We demonstrate that the shapes of the dose distributions can be used to assess the likelihood that aliquots consist only of grains that were well-bleached at the time of deposition. The more asymmetric the distribution, the greater the probability that the aliquots with the lowest dose most closely represent the true burial dose. Single grains with differing doses are present in each of the samples examined, and the population with the lowest dose gives an optical age consistent with the expected burial age. This result implies that the beta-dose heterogeneity in these deposits is small, and that the effects of micro-dosimetric variations on optical dati...

  15. Diagnóstico e hierarquização de problemas de drenagem urbana da zona costeira sul do estado da Paraíba Diagnosis and hierarchization of urban drainage problems in the south coast zone of Paraíba state

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tarciso Cabral da Silva

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available A zona costeira do litoral sul do estado da Paraíba é configurada por paisagens diversificadas e caracterizada pela presença de elementos naturais e artificiais que a conferem grande fragilidade e notável beleza cênica. Neste cenário se integram partes de malhas urbanas de municípios litorâneos, áreas de proteção ambiental, falésias, estuários, entre outros. As intervenções antrópicas que desconsideram a complexidade ambiental destas áreas vêm provocando impactos negativos na paisagem, associados aos problemas de drenagem de águas pluviais. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um diagnóstico, que permitiu a hierarquização dos problemas relativos à drenagem pluvial por orla de cada município inserido nesta zona. Os resultados permitem a tomada de decisão para a escolha de ações visando a atenuação ou eliminação dos problemas identificados.The coastal zone of the south coastline of Paraíba State is shaped by diversified landscapes and characterized by the presence of natural and artificial elements that provide this space with great fragility and notable scenic beauty. In this scenery, integrated urban zones, areas of environmental protection, sea cliffs, estuaries of rivers, among others, coexist. The anthropic interventions that do not take into account the complexity of environmental elements cause negative impacts on the landscape of the urbanized maritime edges, as well as associated problems of urban drainage. In this work, a diagnosis searching for a hierarchization of the problems related to the pluvial drainage in these areas is presented. The results allow to the decision taker the choice of better solutions aiming at reducing or eliminating the identified problems.

  16. Assessment of spatiotemporal variations in the fluvial wash-load component in the 21st century with regard to GCM climate change scenarios.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mouri, Goro

    2015-11-15

    For stream water, in which a relationship exists between wash-load concentration and discharge, an estimate of fine-sediment delivery may be obtained from a traditional fluvial wash-load rating curve. Here, we demonstrate that the remaining wash-load material load can be estimated from a traditional empirical principle on a nationwide scale. The traditional technique was applied to stream water for the whole of Japan. Four typical GCMs were selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble to provide the driving fields for the following regional climate models to assess the wash-load component based on rating curves: the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), the Meteorological Research Institute Atmospheric General Circulation Model (MRI-GCM), the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model (HadGEM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) climate model. The simulations consisted of an ensemble, including multiple physics configurations and different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), which was used to produce monthly datasets for the whole country of Japan. The impacts of future climate changes on fluvial wash load in Japanese stream water were based on the balance of changes in hydrological factors. The annual and seasonal variations of the fluvial wash load were assessed from the result of the ensemble analysis in consideration of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission scenarios. The determined results for the amount of wash load increase range from approximately 20 to 110% in the 2040s, especially along part of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan regions. In the 2090s, the amount of wash load is projected to increase by more than 50% over the whole of Japan. The assessment indicates that seasonal variation is particularly important because the rainy and typhoon seasons, which include extreme events, are the dominant seasons. Because fluvial wash-load-component turbidity

  17. Predicting interwell heterogeneity in fluvial-deltaic reservoirs: Outcrop observations and applications of progressive facies variation through a depositional cycle

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Knox, P.R.; Barton, M.D. [Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

    1997-08-01

    Nearly 11 billion barrels of mobile oil remain in known domestic fluvial-deltaic reservoirs despite their mature status. A large percentage of this strategic resource is in danger of permanent loss through premature abandonment. Detailed reservoir characterization studies that integrate advanced technologies in geology, geophysics, and engineering are needed to identify remaining resources that can be targeted by near-term recovery methods, resulting in increased production and the postponement of abandonment. The first and most critical step of advanced characterization studies is the identification of reservoir architecture. However, existing subsurface information, primarily well logs, provides insufficient lateral resolution to identify low-permeability boundaries that exist between wells and compartmentalize the reservoir. Methods to predict lateral variability in fluvial-deltaic reservoirs have been developed on the basis of outcrop studies and incorporate identification of depositional setting and position within a depositional cycle. The position of a reservoir within the framework of a depositional cycle is critical. Outcrop studies of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone of Utah have demonstrated that the architecture and internal heterogeneity of sandstones deposited within a given depositional setting (for example, delta front) vary greatly depending upon whether they were deposited in the early, progradational part of a cycle or the late, retrogradational part of a cycle. The application of techniques similar to those used by this study in other fluvial-deltaic reservoirs will help to estimate the amount and style of remaining potential in mature reservoirs through a quicklook evaluation, allowing operators to focus characterization efforts on reservoirs that have the greatest potential to yield additional resources.

  18. O uso do discurso reportado direto por uma pessoa com afasia na construção de uma narrativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lívia Miranda de Oliveira

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo : investigar o uso do discurso reportado direto por uma pessoa com afasia ao construir uma narrativa sobre acidente vascular cerebral (AVC.Métodos : assumindo uma perspectiva qualitativa de análise, que se fundamenta em abordagens interacionais em linguística, e utilizando o método de geração de dados denominado grupo focal, busca-se compreender a estruturação da narrativa da participante deste estudo, que consiste em uma pessoa que apresenta afasia, construída ao longo da conversa que emergiu em uma interação face a face em grupo gravada em vídeo e transcrita para investigação.Resultados : a análise dos dados revelou que i o fato de a narradora apresentar afasia não a impossibilitou de construir uma narrativa que apresentasse todos os elementos estruturais de narrativas canônicas, e ii o uso do discurso reportado direto, mesmo funcionando como uma estratégia para lidar com o déficit linguístico, garantindo a inteligibilidade da narrativa, criou esperados efeitos na narração (envolvimento, validação, autenticação, entre outros. Além disso, tal análise nos permite advogar que pessoas com afasia, não obstante o comprometimento linguístico que apresentam, podem se valer de estratégias adaptativas para construir narrativas de modo habilidoso, cumprindo com as funções referencial e avaliativa das narrativas.Conclusões : este estudo propicia uma interface entre as ciências da saúde e as ciências humanas, mais especificamente entre a Fonoaudiologia e a Linguística. Os resultados das investigações são considerados inovadores e relevantes, uma vez que convida o leitor a repensar a tese de que pessoas com afasia são incompetentes em suas práticas com (e através de a linguagem.

  19. Para uma arqueologia da psicologia social

    OpenAIRE

    Prado Filho,Kleber

    2011-01-01

    Este artigo busca, a partir de uma perspectiva metodológica de Michel Foucault, traçar uma história arqueológica da Psicologia Social no Brasil. Deslocando-se de uma análise epistemológica que se pergunta sobre a cientificidade e a validade ou verdade de pressupostos, conceitos e técnicas aplicados no campo, a reflexão aqui empreendida coloca em questão seus movimentos e tendências históricas, os enfrentamentos e rupturas observáveis entre as diversas abordagens ali circulantes, bem como a em...

  20. Plínio Marcos: uma biografia

    OpenAIRE

    Contiero, Lucinéia [UNESP

    2007-01-01

    Esta é uma biografia de Plínio Marcos, dramaturgo santista nascido em 1935. Tem um pouco de biografia intelectual, um pouco de biografia crítica. Mas é sobretudo a vida de um homem de teatro. O trabalho se abre com uma discussão teórica, em face da qual procuro situar essa abordagem de uma vida. Como toda biografia, prevaleceu aqui o interesse pela disposição cronológica dos fatos, com paradas para tratar de certos aspectos importantes, a vida de jornalista, a peças de maior sucesso. No prime...

  1. A review on studies of the transport and the form of radionuclides in the fluvial environment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matsunaga, Takeshi [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment

    2001-06-01

    The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has conducted studies with an aim to contribute to understanding the long-term behavior of atmospherically-derived radionuclides deposited on the ground. The present report reviews a series of studies among them which have especially dealt with the behavior of those radionuclides in a fluvial environment. The studies cited here include investigations of 1) the evaluation of the transport rate of the atmospherically-derived radionuclides from the ground via a river to the downstream areas where the affected water is consumed; 2) the physico-chemical form of the radionuclides in the fluvial environment. An investigation in the Kuji river watershed with {sup 137}Cs, {sup 210}Pb and {sup 7}Be has validated i) the importance of suspended particulate materials in the fluvial discharge of those radionuclides, and ii) a methodology to estimate the discharge of those radionuclides based on the regression analysis with the river water flow rate. From a viewpoint of their distribution between water and suspended particles, the form of radionuclides released by the Chernobyl accident in rivers and lakes in the vicinity of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant were analyzed. As a result, a general reasonability and some cautions were suggested when commonly reported distribution ratios obtained in the laboratory and the different environment are applied to describe the partitioning of the radionuclides in specific natural environmental conditions. This experimental investigation in Chernobyl also revealed the role of natural dissolved organics in affecting the dissolution and transport of {sup 239,240}Pu, {sup 241}Am through complexation to form soluble species. Further, a chemical equilibrium model was applied to describe this complexation. The similar model was also applied for the behavior of iron and manganese (hydr)oxides in river recharged aquifers which can bear riverborne radionuclides and can influence their migration. The

  2. A review on studies of the transport and the form of radionuclides in the fluvial environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsunaga, Takeshi

    2001-06-01

    The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has conducted studies with an aim to contribute to understanding the long-term behavior of atmospherically-derived radionuclides deposited on the ground. The present report reviews a series of studies among them which have especially dealt with the behavior of those radionuclides in a fluvial environment. The studies cited here include investigations of 1) the evaluation of the transport rate of the atmospherically-derived radionuclides from the ground via a river to the downstream areas where the affected water is consumed; 2) the physico-chemical form of the radionuclides in the fluvial environment. An investigation in the Kuji river watershed with 137 Cs, 210 Pb and 7 Be has validated i) the importance of suspended particulate materials in the fluvial discharge of those radionuclides, and ii) a methodology to estimate the discharge of those radionuclides based on the regression analysis with the river water flow rate. From a viewpoint of their distribution between water and suspended particles, the form of radionuclides released by the Chernobyl accident in rivers and lakes in the vicinity of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant were analyzed. As a result, a general reasonability and some cautions were suggested when commonly reported distribution ratios obtained in the laboratory and the different environment are applied to describe the partitioning of the radionuclides in specific natural environmental conditions. This experimental investigation in Chernobyl also revealed the role of natural dissolved organics in affecting the dissolution and transport of 239,240 Pu, 241 Am through complexation to form soluble species. Further, a chemical equilibrium model was applied to describe this complexation. The similar model was also applied for the behavior of iron and manganese (hydr)oxides in river recharged aquifers which can bear riverborne radionuclides and can influence their migration. The obtained findings and the

  3. Quality-Assurance Plan for the Analysis of Fluvial Sediment by the U. S. Geological Survey Kentucky Water Science Center Sediment Laboratory

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Shreve, Elizabeth A; Downs, Aimee C

    2005-01-01

    This report describes laboratory procedures used by the U. S. Geological Survey Kentucky Water Science Center Sediment Laboratory for the processing and analysis of fluvial sediment samples for concentration of sand and finer material...

  4. CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOESTRUTURAL DO ALTO CURSO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JAGUARIBE, CEARÁ-BRASIL

    OpenAIRE

    Mickaelle Braga da Silva; Rubson Pinheiro Maia

    2017-01-01

    O presente trabalho propõe uma análise morfoestrutural do alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Jaguaribe, Ceará-Brasil, através da relação litologia/drenagem/relevo. A análise baseou-se em levantamentos bibliográficos e cartográficos; na aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento e tabulação e análise dos dados. Dentre os produtos de sensoriamento remoto disponíveis para a área, destacam-se os dados Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-SRTM, com resolução espacial de 30 metros. Este produto com...

  5. Identifying the source of fluvial terrace deposits using XRF scanning and Canonical Discriminant Analysis: A case study of the Chihshang terraces, eastern Taiwan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Queenie; Lee, Jian-Cheng; Hunag, Jyh-Jaan; Wei, Kuo-Yen; Chen, Yue-Gau; Byrne, Timothy B.

    2018-05-01

    The source of fluvial deposits in terraces provides important information about the catchment fluvial processes and landform evolution. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines high-resolution Itrax-XRF scanning and Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) to identify the source of fine-grained fluvial terrace deposits. We apply this approach to a group of terraces that are located on the hanging wall of the Chihshang Fault in eastern Taiwan with two possible sources, the Coastal Range on the east and the Central Range on the west. Our results of standard samples from the two potential sources show distinct ranges of canonical variables, which provided a better separation ability than individual chemical elements. We then tested the possibility of using this approach by applying it to several samples with known sediment sources and obtain positive results. Applying this same approach to the fine-grained sediments in Chihshang terraces indicates that they are mostly composed of Coastal Range material but also contain some inputs from the Central Range. In two lowest terraces T1 and T2, the fine-grained deposits show significant Central Range component. For terrace T4, the results show less Central Range input and a trend of decreasing Central Range influences up section. The Coastal Range material becomes dominant in the two highest terraces T7 and T10. Sediments in terrace T5 appear to have been potentially altered by post-deposition chemical alteration processes and are not included in the analysis. Our results show that the change in source material in the terraces deposits was relatively gradual rather than the sharp changes suggested by the composition of the gravels and conglomerates. We suggest that this change in sources is related to the change in dominant fluvial processes that controlled by the tectonic activity.

  6. Determination of burial dose in incompletely bleached fluvial samples using single grains of quartz

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thomsen, Kristina Jørkov; Murray, A.S.; Bøtter-Jensen, Lars

    2007-01-01

    We determine the burial dose in three known-age incompletely bleached fluvial samples using single grains of quartz. Estimation of burial dose in incompletely bleached samples requires that the characteristics of the well-bleached part of the distribution are known in order to distinguish between...... well-bleached and poorly bleached grains. It is especially important to investigate if the uncertainties assigned to individual estimates of dose adequately describe the observed variability in well-bleached dose distributions. We investigate this by quantifying the overdispersion in laboratory-bleached...

  7. Sedimentological reservoir characteristics of the Paleocene fluvial/lacustrine Yabus Sandstone, Melut Basin, Sudan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahgoub, M. I.; Padmanabhan, E.; Abdullatif, O. M.

    2016-11-01

    Melut Basin in Sudan is regionally linked to the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Central and Western African Rift System (CWARS). The Paleocene Yabus Formation is the main oil producing reservoir in the basin. It is dominated by channel sandstone and shales deposited in fluvial/lacustrine environment during the third phase of rifting in the basin. Different scales of sedimentological heterogeneities influenced reservoir quality and architecture. The cores and well logs analyses revealed seven lithofacies representing fluvial, deltaic and lacustrine depositional environments. The sandstone is medium to coarse-grained, poorly to moderately-sorted and sub-angular to sub-rounded, arkosic-subarkosic to sublitharenite. On the basin scale, the Yabus Formation showed variation in sandstone bodies, thickness, geometry and architecture. On macro-scale, reservoir quality varies vertically and laterally within Yabus Sandstone where it shows progressive fining upward tendencies with different degrees of connectivity. The lower part of the reservoir showed well-connected and amalgamated sandstone bodies, the middle to the upper parts, however, have moderate to low sandstone bodies' connectivity and amalgamation. On micro-scale, sandstone reservoir quality is directly affected by textures and diagenetic changes such as compaction, cementation, alteration, dissolution and kaolinite clays pore fill and coat all have significantly reduced the reservoir porosity and permeability. The estimated porosity in Yabus Formation ranges from 2 to 20% with an average of 12%; while permeability varies from 200 to 500 mD and up to 1 Darcy. The understanding of different scales of sedimentological reservoir heterogeneities might contribute to better reservoir quality prediction, architecture, consequently enhancing development and productivity.

  8. Radiocarbon constraints on the coupled growth of sediment and organic carbon reservoirs in fluvial systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Torres, M. A.; Kemeny, P. C.; Fischer, W. W.; Lamb, M. P.

    2017-12-01

    Vast amounts of sediments are stored transiently in fluvial deposits as they move in rivers from source to sink. The timescale(s) of transient storage have the potential to set the cadence for biogeochemical reactions to occur in river sediments. However, the extent to which storage modulates the chemical composition of river sediments remains unclear. In case of the organic carbon (OC) cycle, transient sediment storage may leave an imprint in the radiocarbon (14C) content of riverine particulate OC (POC), offering a potential tool to trace the coupling of sediment storage and biogeochemical cycling in river systems. We investigated the modern and ancient budgets of sediments and POC in the Efi Haukadalsá River catchment in West Iceland to provide new empirical constraints on the role of sediment storage in the terrestrial OC cycle. This field site is attractive because the basaltic bedrock is free of rock-derived (i.e. "petrogenic") POC such that bulk 14C measurements can be interpreted more directly as constraints on catchment OC storage timescales. Additionally, Lake Haukadalsvatn at the outlet of the river catchment has captured sediment for nearly 13 ka, which offers a complementary record of the evolution of climate-sediment-OC linkages since deglaciation. New 14C measurements show that bulk POC in fine grained fluvial deposits within the Haukadalsá catchment is remarkably old (model ages between 1 and 10 ka). This evidence for "aged" POC in floodplain storage is consistent with previous measurements from Lake Haukadalsvatn, which show that POC is aged in the river system by thousands of years prior to deposition in the lake. Additionally, our estimate of the mean transit time of sediments through the river system matches the millennial-scale reservoir age of riverine POC derived from 14C, which implies a tight coupling between sediment storage and the OC cycle. We interpret the long-term increase in the 14C reservoir age of riverine POC over the last 10 ka

  9. Apontamentos para uma sociologia da valentia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliézer Cardoso de Oliveira

    Full Text Available Resumo O artigo objetiva a construção de uma tipologia da valentia a partir da sociologia compreensiva de Weber, Simmel e Elias. A valentia é considerada como uma escolha valorativa de indivíduos inclinados a levarem uma vida de aventura e convictos da legitimidade de um estilo de vida baseado na proximidade com a violência, com a morte e com o risco. Mesmo com o advento da modernidade, quando emergiu o “processo civilizador”, responsável por refrear os instintos violentos, a valentia, restringida na vida cotidiana, mantém-se atuante como um valor social legítimo.

  10. Derrame pleural secundário à hiperestimulação ovariana Pleural effusion following ovarian hyperstimulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jader Joel Machado Junqueira

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de hiperestimulação ovariana (SHEO é uma complicação iatrogênica que ocorre na fase lútea de um ciclo hormonal induzido. Na maioria dos casos, os sintomas são autolimitados e regridem espontaneamente. Entretanto, casos graves comumente cursam com desconforto respiratório agudo. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a apresentação clínica, o tratamento e os desfechos de derrame pleural associado a SHEO em três pacientes submetidas a fertilização in vitro. A idade das pacientes variou de 27 a 33 anos, e o aparecimento do derrame pleural sintomático (bilateral em todos os casos ocorreu, em média, 43 dias (variação: 27-60 dias após o início da terapia hormonal para a indução da ovulação. Todas as pacientes necessitaram de internação hospitalar para reposição volêmica maciça, e duas delas necessitaram de ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Embora todas as pacientes tenham sido inicialmente submetidas à toracocentese, a recidiva precoce dos sintomas e do derrame pleural fez com que se optasse pela drenagem pleural com cateter do tipo pigtail. Apesar do alto débito de drenagem (média de 1.000 mL/dia na primeira semana e do tempo de drenagem prolongado (9-22 dias, os desfechos foram excelentes (alta hospitalar. Embora o derrame pleural secundário a SHEO seja provavelmente subdiagnosticado, a morbidade associada não deve ser subestimada, principalmente devido a seus efeitos em pacientes potencialmente gestantes. Nesta série de casos, o diagnóstico precoce e as medidas de suporte clínico adequadas permitiram uma evolução favorável, limitando a abordagem cirúrgica a uma drenagem pleural adequada.Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS is an iatrogenic complication that occurs in the luteal phase of an induced hormonal cycle. In most cases, the symptoms are self-limited and spontaneous regression occurs. However, severe cases are typically accompanied by acute respiratory distress. The objective of

  11. Fluvial depositional environment evolving into deltaic setting with marine influences in the buntsandstein of northern vosges (France)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gall, Jean-Claude

    The Buntsandstein in the Northern Vosges (France) originates mainly in an inland braidplain fluvial environment which passes in the upper part of the sequence into deltaic milieu in the coastal plain along the border of the sea, with the continental environment finally being drowned with the transgression of the shallow sea. The fluvial sedimentation is characterized by the presence of two facies throughout the Buntsandstein : channel facies and overbank plain facies. The channel facies comprises sandy and conglomeratic deposits forming within active streams by strong currents, whereas the overbank plain facies is built up of silty-clayey sandstones or silt/clay originating in stagnant water in abandoned watercourses, ponds, pools and puddles. The significance of particularly the floodplain sediments is subjected to considerable changes throughout the Buntsandstein sequence. There are all stages of transition between overbank plain deposits being only preserved in ghost-like facies as reworked clasts due to effective secondary removal of primarily occasionally formed suspension fines, and an abundance of autochthonous floodplain sediments in the depositional record resulting from favourable conditions of primary origin and secondary preservation. Reworked ventifacts within fluvial channel sediments testify to subordinate aeolian influences in the alluvial plain, with reasonable reworking, however, having removed all in situ traces of wind activity. Declining aridity of palaeoclimate towards the top is indicated by the appearance of violet horizon palaeosols in the Zone-Limite-Violette and the Couches intermédiaires being accompanied by Bröckelbank carbonate breccias originating from concentration of reworked fragments of pedogenic carbonate nodules. Biogenic traces are in the lower part of the sequence mainly present as Planolites burrows in the finer-grained sediments. Palaeosalinities as revealed from boron contents indicate progressively increasing

  12. Using a Geospatial Model to Relate Fluvial Geomorphology to Macroinvertebrate Habitat in a Prairie River—Part 1: Genus-Level Relationships with Geomorphic Typologies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna G. N. Meissner

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Modern river ecosystems undergo constant stress from disturbances such as bank stabilization, channelization, dams, and municipal, agricultural, and industrial water use. As these anthropogenic water requirements persist, more efficient methods of characterizing river reaches are essential. Benthic macroinvertebrates are helpful when evaluating fluvial health, because they are often the first group to react to contaminants that can then be transferred through them to other trophic levels. Hence, the purpose of this research is to use a geospatial model to differentiate instream macroinvertebrate habitats, and determine if the model is a viable method for stream evaluation. Through the use of ArcGIS and digital elevation models, the fluvial geomorphology of the Qu’Appelle River in Saskatchewan (SK was assessed. Four geomorphological characteristics of the river were isolated (sinuosity, slope, fractal dimension, and stream width and clustered through Principle Component Analysis (PCA, yielding sets of river reaches with similar geomorphological characteristics, called typologies. These typologies were mapped to form a geospatial model of the river. Macroinvertebrate data were aligned to the locations of the typologies, revealing several relationships with the fluvial geomorphology. A Kruskal-Wallis analysis and post hoc pairwise multiple comparisons were completed with the macroinvertebrate data to pinpoint significant genera, as related to the geospatial model.

  13. Controles fluviales del Rio Cauca en la región de La Mojana.

    OpenAIRE

    Posada García, Lilian; Rhenals Garrido, Remberto Luis

    2006-01-01

    Se realiza un análisis de fotografías aéreas, imágenes de satélite y cartografía de diferentes años que permiten identificar procesos importantes de divagación, erosión y sedimentación de la zona estudiada. La variación con el tiempo de las formas del canal (islas y barras), la aparición de complejos de orillares, madreviejas (canales abandonados y sedimentados), canales abandonados, cambios de curso del canal principal, entre otros procesos muestran la gran dinámica fluvial del sistema....

  14. Dominant mechanisms for the delivery of fine sediment and phosphorus to fluvial networks draining grassland dominated headwater catchments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perks, M T; Owen, G J; Benskin, C McW H; Jonczyk, J; Deasy, C; Burke, S; Reaney, S M; Haygarth, P M

    2015-08-01

    Recent advances in monitoring technology have enabled high frequency, in-situ measurements of total phosphorus and total reactive phosphorus to be undertaken with high precision, whilst turbidity can provide an excellent surrogate for suspended sediment. Despite these measurements being fundamental to understanding the mechanisms and flow paths that deliver these constituents to river networks, there is a paucity of such data for headwater agricultural catchments. The aim of this paper is to deduce the dominant mechanisms for the delivery of fine sediment and phosphorus to an upland river network in the UK through characterisation of the temporal variability of hydrological fluxes, and associated soluble and particulate concentrations for the period spanning March 2012-February 2013. An assessment of the factors producing constituent hysteresis is undertaken following factor analysis (FA) on a suite of measured environmental variables representing the fluvial and wider catchment conditions prior to, and during catchment-wide hydrological events. Analysis indicates that suspended sediment is delivered to the fluvial system predominantly via rapidly responding pathways driven by event hydrology. However, evidence of complex, figure-of-eight hysteresis is observed following periods of hydrological quiescence, highlighting the importance of preparatory processes. Sediment delivery via a slow moving, probably sub-surface pathway does occur, albeit infrequently and during low magnitude events at the catchment outlet. Phosphorus is revealed to have a distinct hysteretic response to that of suspended sediment, with sub-surface pathways dominating. However, high magnitude events were observed to exhibit threshold-like behaviour, whereby activation and connection of usually disconnected depositional zones to the fluvial networks results in the movement of vast phosphorus fluxes. Multiple pathways are observed for particulate and soluble constituents, highlighting the

  15. Toward the Validation of Depth-Averaged Three Dimensional, Rans Steady-State Simulations of Fluvial Flows at Natural Scale

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mateo Villanueva, P. A.; Hradisky, M.

    2010-12-01

    Simulations of fluvial flows are strongly influenced by geometric complexity and overall uncertainty on measured flow variables, including those assumed to be well known boundary conditions. Often, 2D steady-state models are used for computational simulations of flows at the scale of natural rivers. Such models have been successfully incorporated in iRIC (formerly MD_SWMS), one of the widely used quasi-3D CFD solvers to perform studies of environmental flows. iRIC aids in estimating such quantities as surface roughness and shear stress, which, in turn, can be used to estimate sediment transport. However, the computational results are inherently limited in accuracy because of restricting the computations to 2D, or quasi-3D, space, which can affect the values of these predictions. In the present work we perform computer-based simulations of fluvial flows using OpenFOAM, a free, open source fully 3D CFD software package, and compare our results to predictions obtained from iRIC. First, we study the suitability of OpenFOAM as the main CFD solver to analyze fluvial flows and validate our results for two well documented rectangular channel configurations: the first case consists of a large aspect-ratio channel (ratio of depth over width 0.017, ratio of depth over length 0.0019) with a rectangular obstacle mounted at the bottom wall; the second case involves a large aspect-ratio channel (ratio of depth over width 0.1, ratio of depth over length 0.0025) with cubic obstacles mounted at the lower wall (one obstacle) and upper wall (two obstacles). Secondly, we apply our model to simulation or river at natural scale and compare our results to the output obtained from iRIC to quantify the differences in velocity profiles and other flow parameters when comparable solution techniques are used. Steady-state, RANS k-epsilon models are employed for all simulations.

  16. Drenagem endoscópica transmural de pseudocisto pancreático: resultados a longo prazo Transmural endoscopy drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst: long-term outcome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rone Antônio Alves de Abreu

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: Os pseudocistos pancreáticos são complicações relativamente comuns em pacientes adultos com pancreatite. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados a longo prazo da drenagem endoscópica transmural, estabelecendo seu papel no manejo do pseudocisto pancreático. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 14 pacientes com pseudocisto de pâncreas, cuja principal queixa à apresentação foi dor no andar superior do abdome e massa abdominal palpável, submetidos a cistogastrostomia (n = 12 e cistoduodenostomia (n = 2, acompanhados clinicamente e com tomografia computadorizada de abdome por até 51 meses. A colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada era tentada em todos os casos para estudo do ducto pancreático e classificação dos cistos. RESULTADOS: A pancreatite crônica alcoólica agudizada foi responsável por 10 casos (71,5% e a biliar por 4 (28,5%. As duas formas de drenagens (cistogastrostomia e cistoduodenostomia endoscópicas foram efetivas. Não houve mudança na conduta terapêutica proposta; em dois pacientes a migração da órtese para o interior do pseudocisto, no momento da inserção, foi a principal complicação, sendo possível sua retirada no mesmo ato, com o uso da cesta de Dormia, sob o auxílio de fluoroscopia. Não houve mortalidade, nem recidiva até o momento. O tempo médio de permanência hospitalar foi de 3 dias. CONCLUSÃO: A drenagem endoscópica transmural se apresentou como terapêutica eficaz, com baixo índice de complicações, mortalidade nula e pequeno tempo de internação hospitalar.BACKGROUND: Pancreatic pseudocysts are relatively common complications of pancreatitis in adults. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results from transmural endoscopic drainage and thus to establish its role in managing pancreatic pseudocyst. METHODS: Fourteen patients with pancreatic pseudocyst were studied. Their main complaint was pain in the upper levels of the abdomen. They presented palpable abdominal mass and underwent

  17. Intervenção fisioterapêutica nas sequelas de drenagem linfática manual iatrogênica: relato de caso Physical therapy in sequelae of iatrogenic manual lymphatic drainage: a case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Eduardo Tacani

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Atualmente, a drenagem linfática manual (DLM é um dos recursos de grande destaque no tratamento de edemas, linfedemas e condições inestéticas, porém, na prática clínica têm-se observado sua aplicação de forma iatrogênica. Os objetivos deste relato de caso foram apontar as sequelas da aplicação iatrogênica da DLM, em uma jovem caucasiana, e verificar os efeitos da intervenção fisioterapêutica no tratamento dessas. Voluntária de 27 anos, apresentava-se com uma equimose importante na região lateral da coxa esquerda (28 x 9,5 cm, telangiectasias, microvaricosidades e petéquias em ambas as coxas e pernas, dor de forte intensidade e edema, após ter se submetido a um procedimento manual iatrogênico com finalidade estética há dois dias. As condutas fisioterapêuticas adotadas foram: Ultrassom 3 MHz, pulsado (2 ms on, 8 ms off, 0,4 W/cm² SATP na região da equimose e DLM (Método Leduc durante 20 minutos, na coxa esquerda. Foram realizadas nove sessões até a alta no 16º dia pós-lesão, observando-se apenas a redução gradativa da dor e da equimose. Verificou-se a efetividade da intervenção fisioterapêutica em apenas algumas das sequelas provocadas pela iatrogenia, sem desconsiderar que a remissão espontânea dos sinais e sintomas também pode ter contribuído para tal. Destaca-se a importância de conscientizar os fisioterapeutas que atuam com este procedimento para que o aplique de forma adequada, evitando tais iatrogenias.Recently, the manual lymphatic drainage (MLD is an important resource in the treatment of edemas, lymphedemas, and other unaesthetic conditions. However, problems caused by the incorrect application of this therapy have been observed in the clinical practice. The aims of this case report were to describe sequelae resulting from the negligent application of MLD on a young patient, and to determine the effects of physical therapy on the treatment of sequelae. A 27-year-old Caucasian woman presented

  18. Characterization of a fluvial aquifer at a range of depths and scales: the Triassic St Bees Sandstone Formation, Cumbria, UK

    Science.gov (United States)

    Medici, Giacomo; West, L. J.; Mountney, N. P.

    2018-03-01

    Fluvial sedimentary successions represent porous media that host groundwater and geothermal resources. Additionally, they overlie crystalline rocks hosting nuclear waste repositories in rift settings. The permeability characteristics of an arenaceous fluvial succession, the Triassic St Bees Sandstone Formation in England (UK), are described, from core-plug to well-test scale up to 1 km depth. Within such lithified successions, dissolution associated with the circulation of meteoric water results in increased permeability ( K 10-1-100 m/day) to depths of at least 150 m below ground level (BGL) in aquifer systems that are subject to rapid groundwater circulation. Thus, contaminant transport is likely to occur at relatively high rates. In a deeper investigation (> 150 m depth), where the aquifer has not been subjected to rapid groundwater circulation, well-test-scale hydraulic conductivity is lower, decreasing from K 10-2 m/day at 150-400 m BGL to 10-3 m/day down-dip at 1 km BGL, where the pore fluid is hypersaline. Here, pore-scale permeability becomes progressively dominant with increasing lithostatic load. Notably, this work investigates a sandstone aquifer of fluvial origin at investigation depths consistent with highly enthalpy geothermal reservoirs ( 0.7-1.1 km). At such depths, intergranular flow dominates in unfaulted areas with only minor contribution by bedding plane fractures. However, extensional faults represent preferential flow pathways, due to presence of high connective open fractures. Therefore, such faults may (1) drive nuclear waste contaminants towards the highly permeable shallow (< 150 m BGL) zone of the aquifer, and (2) influence fluid recovery in geothermal fields.

  19. Escola e Pomitafro: uma festa como uma identidade de uma cidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Teixeira de Souza

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available A cidade de Vila Pavão, situada cerca de 276 km da capital Vitória, e localizada no noroeste espírito-santense, possui desde 1989 uma festa de cunho interétnico chamada Pomitafro. Inicialmente era a Pomitafro uma festa escolar, a partir de 1993 passa a ser uma festa municipal. Geralmente realizada no mês de Agosto de cada ano, tal festa tinha (ou tem como propósito a integração das principais “etnias colonizadoras” do município: Pomeranos, Italianos e afrodescendentes (daí o termo Pomitafro. Este artigo pretende discutir a Festa Pomitafro, à luz de alguns dados secundários (obtidos no Questionário da Prova Brasil 2011, no que tange às perguntas 02, 26, 31 42 e 43, respondidas pelos alunos do nono ano de duas escolas públicas e importantes de Vila Pavão. Os resultados apontam que o município reúne condições socioculturais propícias para a realização e a manutenção da Pomitafro na localidade. Palavras-chave: Vila Pavão. Pomitafro. Escola. School and Pomitafro: a feast as an identity of a city ABSTRACT The city of Vila Pavão, located some 276 km from the capital Vitória, and located in the northwest of Espírito Santo, since a 1989, has interethnic feast called Pomitafro. Initially it was the Pomitafro a school party, but since 1993 becomes a municipal feast. Usually held in August each year, this feast has (or had as its purpose the integration of the main “colonizing ethnic groups” of the city: Pomeranians, Italian and African descent (the term Pomitafro. This paper discusses the Pomitafro Feast, concerning some data (obtained in the Questionnaire of Test Brazil 2011, with respect to questions 02, 26, 31 42 and 43, answered by ninth graders from two public schools and important of Vila Pavão. The results show that the municipality meets sociocultural conditions to the achievement and maintenance of Pomitafro in the locality Keywords: Vila Pavão. Pomitafro. School. Escuela y Pomitafro: una festividad como una

  20. UMA METODOLOGIA VOLTADA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE LÍDERES

    OpenAIRE

    Carvalho, Leila de Moura

    2003-01-01

    Este trabalho aborda uma metodologia voltada para o desenvolvimento do grupo de líderes da Divisão Logística de uma empresa do setor de varejo. Em uma pesquisa realizada pela empresa, detectou-se uma deficiência no estilo de supervisão atual adotada pelo grupo de líderes e as conseqüências negativas geradas para a organização. A proposta deste trabalho é promover a educação e o treinamento do grupo de líderes para uma mudança de estilo de supervisão. Para isso, propõe-se a utilizar como base ...

  1. Fluvial sediments characterization of Hornád river in its chosen parts (preliminary study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stela Hanigovská

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Knowledge of main river sedimentary characteristics is very important source of information for next study or potentialcommercial usage of fluvial sediments. In paper is shown characterization of sediment distribution in chosen part of the river Hornád.Three main facial types were studied and described – gravel, sand and clay. Model created in this study shows that Hornád is a riverwith predominant gravel transport. This model also shows a sufficient amount of gravel for commercial use in some parts of the river.

  2. Controls on fluvial metamorphosis during global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary (56 Ma) in Spain: extreme droughts, extreme floods or both?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castelltort, Sebastien; Chen, Chen; Guerit, Laure; Foreman, Brady; Paola, Chris; Adatte, Thierry

    2017-04-01

    How does global warming change the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events? The response to this question is partly preserved in the geological record. 56 Ma ago, global temperatures increased during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), leading to a major biotic turnover, but how this event affected the nature of extreme events remains unknown. On several continents, fluvial systems with sinuous channels within fine-grained floodplains suddenly transformed at the P-E boundary into apparently coarser-grained braid plains with frequent lateral migrations, washing their muddy floodplains to the seas. This landscape transformation has been related to aridification and intensification of precipitation allowing transport of coarser material as a result of P-E global warming, with important implications for predicting the consequences of current global change. Here we test this hypothesis by quantifying the magnitude of grain size change and flow depth at a representative P-E locality in Northern Spain. We find that the size of pebbles in transport and flow depth remained similar to, or even smaller than, pre-PETM conditions. This suggests that, if more seasonal and extreme precipitation occurred, they are not necessarily borne out in the predicted deeper flow depths and coarser grain sizes, but rather trigger a shift to multiple active channels. However, an alternative or complementary explanation may rest in pollen data found in coeval marine records and which document a dramatic vegetation shift from permanent conifer forests prior to the crisis into periodic vegetation in brief periods of rain during the hyperthermal episode. Such change induced by long periods of intense droughts, could have enhanced erodibility of channel banks by decreasing root-controlled cohesion of fine-grained floodplains and interfluves, promoting their lateral mobility and the observed fluvial metamorphosis. Thus, although water is regarded as the main agent sculpting

  3. UNIDADES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS DE PORTUGAL CONTINENTAL

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    Diamantino Insua Pereira

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available São representadas cartograficamente as unidades geomorfológicas identificadas para os 89015 km2 do território de Portugal Continental. A delimitação das unidades teve por base a análise dos padrões da textura fornecida por imagens SRTM, com revisão e adaptação posterior à altimetria e à geologia, para os quais foram usadas bases cartográficas digitais. Foram considerados três níveis taxionómicos que permitem descrever e caracterizar áreas homogéneas do ponto de vista geomorfológico. As três unidades de 1º nível baseiam-se nas unidades morfostruturais clássicas consideradas para a Península Ibérica. As dez unidades de 2º nível constituem, na sua maioria, divisões clássicas do relevo de Portugal Continental, agora agrupadas de acordo com a metodologia adoptada e designadas como unidades morfosculturais. As 56 unidades de 3º nível, ou subunidades morfosculturais, foram individualizadas com base nos padrões de relevo identificados nas imagens SRTM e na observação de campo e adquiriram uma designação baseada essencialmente nas geoformas que as individualizam e na toponímia local. As unidades geomorfológicas identificadas são descritas através de características do relevo, dissecação fluvial, estruturas, tipo de drenagem e base geológica, bem como de parâmetros numéricos gerados de forma automática, como classes de altitude e de declividade. Pretende-se que o mapa elaborado possa contribuir para a gestão territorial, em especial na tomada de decisões em conservação da natureza.

  4. Field determined variation of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions using simplified analysis of internal drainage experiments Variação da condutividade hidráulica do solo não saturado determinada em condições de campo utilizando análises simplificadas de experimentos de drenagem interna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. M. Villagra

    1994-04-01

    Full Text Available Experimentally determined values of unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity are presented for an Alfisol of the county of Piracicaba, S.P., Brazil. Simultaneous measurements of soil water content and pressure head are made along a 125 m transect within an irrigated field during the internal drainage process. Calculations of the soil hydraulic conductivity were made using the instantaneous profile method (Watson, 1966 and the unit gradient method (LIBARDI et al., 1980. The spatial variability of the soil hydraulic conductivity manifested along the transect indicates the need to develop a field method to measure K(theta within prescribed fiducial limits, taking into account quantitative evaluation of spatial and temporal variances associated with the mathematical model, instrument calibration and soil properties.São apresentados dados experimentais de condutividade hidráulica do solo, para uní Alfisol (terra roxa estruturada do Município de Piracicaba,SP - Brasil. Medidas simultâneas de umidade do solo e de potencial total da água no solo foram realizadas ao longo de uma transeção de 125 m, dentro de um campo irrigado, durante o processo de drenagem interna. Os cálculos de condutividade hidráulica foram feitos utilizando o método do perfil instantâneo (WATSON, 1966 e o método do gradiente unitário (LIBARDI et al., 1980. A variabilidade espacial da condutividade hidráulica do solo observada ao longo da transeção aponta a necessidade do desenvolvimento de método de campo para a medida de K (teta dentro de limites preestabelecidos de precisão, levando em conta a medida quantitativa das variâncias temporal e espacial associadas ao modelo matemático, a calibração dos instrumentos e as propriedades do solo.

  5. ESTORVO: UMA ALEGORIA SOBRE O HOMEM MODERNO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gil Carlos Pereira

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem semiótica do romance de Chico Buarque, trabalhando com semioses que nos remete ao mundo moderno, como uma alegoria de sua visão desestruturada e desestruturadora do homem.

  6. Macroinvertebrados bentônicos como indicadores do impacto ambiental promovido pelos efluentes de áreas orizícolas e pelos de origem urbana/industrial Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of environmental impact promoted by rice crop flood and by urban/industrial effluents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karine Delevati Colpo

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Os macroinvertebrados bentônicos têm sido amplamente utilizados como bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade da água que sai de uma área com cultivo de arroz irrigado (água de drenagem com a água de irrigação, oriunda do Rio Gravataí, em um ponto na grande Porto Alegre. Este estudo de monitoramento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental do Arroz, pertencente ao Instituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA, em Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul (RS, ao longo da safra de 2006/2007. Uma camada de 5cm de solo contendo macroinvertebrados bentônicos foi amostrada, utilizando um Corer (78,54cm², na fonte de irrigação da lavoura (Rio Gravataí e Canal de Irrigação e no receptor de seus efluentes (Canal de Drenagem. Além disso, o oxigênio dissolvido (O2 na água foi registrado em cada ponto. O material foi filtrado em uma peneira com malha de 0,5mm, fixado, triado e identificado. A abundância, riqueza, biodiversidade e equitabilidade foram avaliadas e comparadas entre os pontos amostrados. Tais parâmetros ecológicos demonstraram uma comunidade mais estruturada e complexa no canal de drenagem que no canal de irrigação e no Rio Gravataí, indicando que a qualidade ambiental é melhor no ponto que recebe a água que passa pela lavoura que nos pontos de entrada da água. Portanto, a comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos neste estudo sugere que os efluentes produzidos pelas cidades e indústrias, como os presentes na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Gravataí, em especial da Grande Porto Alegre, são mais agressivos aos ambientes aquáticos que os efluentes drenados de uma lavoura manejada de acordo com as recomendações técnicas para a cultura.The macroinvertebrates have been used as indicators of environmental quality. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of water which drains from the rice flooded crop (drainage water with the irrigation water, sourced from Gravataí River

  7. Post Waterflood CO2 Miscible Flood in Light Oil, Fluvial-Dominated Deltaic Reservoir, Class I

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bou-Mikael, Sami

    2002-02-05

    This report demonstrates the effectiveness of the CO2 miscible process in Fluvial Dominated Deltaic reservoirs. It also evaluated the use of horizontal CO2 injection wells to improve the overall sweep efficiency. A database of FDD reservoirs for the gulf coast region was developed by LSU, using a screening model developed by Texaco Research Center in Houston. The results of the information gained in this project is disseminated throughout the oil industry via a series of SPE papers and industry open forums.

  8. Fluvial fluxes of natural radium isotopes and dissolved barium for Ubatuba embayments, Sao Paulo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sousa, Keila Cristina Pinheiro Marchini de

    2008-01-01

    Radium isotopes are among the most important isotopes in the environment from both radioprotection and geo-hydrological points of view. They are also a powerful tool for studying geohydrological processes and have been used intensively as tracers of groundwater sources that discharge into the coastal ocean.The complex exchange of fluvial, subsurface and seawater within a coastal area directly affects global biogeochemical cycles. Environmental scientists have few tools to accurately quantify such processes and must therefore rely on various tracer techniques. Radium isotopes have been frequently applied as tracers of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The unique radium signature of SGD is acquired within the subterranean estuary, a mixing zone between fresh groundwater and seawater in coastal aquifers. In this study we determined the fluvial fluxes of the radium isotopes and dissolved barium for Ubatuba embayments, northernmost part of Sao Paulo Bight. The research work was carried out from April/ 2007 to August/ 2007 and covered 17 small rivers sources that belong to the major surface draining system of such coastal area. During this period of investigation, groundwater samples were also collected from 10 sources available in this coastal region. Activity concentrations of 223 Ra in riverine waters discharging to Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba embayments varied from -1 to 335 mBq 1000L -1 (in Cocanha River), while 224 Ra concentrations ranged from 17 mBq 100L -1 to 7270 mBq 100L -1 . Activity concentrations up to 1424 mBq 100L -1 were observed for 226 Ra in riverine waters, while 228 Ra concentrations varied from 1412 mBq 100L -1 to 4058 mBq 100L -1 . Groundwater activity concentrations of 223 Ra varied from 1 mBq 100L -1 to 126 mBq 100L -1 , while 224 Ra ranged from 118 mBq 100L -1 to 3701 mBq 100L -1 . 223 Ra/ 224 Ra activity ratios up to 0.7x10 -1 and 0.2 were observed in riverine and groundwater, respectively. For 226 Ra groundwater activity concentrations

  9. Obesidade infantil: uma proposta de tratamento comportamental

    OpenAIRE

    Cruz, Maria Tereza Monteiro da

    2012-01-01

    O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar um programa de economia de fichas para modificar o comportamento de crianças obesas. Participaram do estudo dois jovens do sexo masculino com idades de 10 e 11 anos uma adolescente com 15 anos, todos apresentavam peso excessivo para a idade e freqüentavam uma ONG voltada para o tratamento da obesidade infantil e suas mães. A pesquisadora emprestou uma filmadora para os participantes e solicitou que P1 filmasse o almoço e o jantar cinc...

  10. Year-round variations in the fluvial transport load of particulate 137Cs in a forested catchment affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takeshi Matsunaga; Takahiro Nakanishi; Mariko Atarashi-Andoh; Erina Takeuchi; Kotomi Muto; Katsunori Tsuduki; Syusaku Nishimura; Jun Koarashi; Shigeyoshi Otosaka; Tsutomu Sato

    2016-01-01

    Particulate 137 Cs was collected from stream water for 2 years to assess the long-term trend of 137 Cs discharge from a forest after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident. A seasonal increase in the fluvial transport load of particulate 137 Cs in suspended solids (SS) was observed in July-October when rainfall was abundant. The 137 Cs load was controlled by the SS load. This control was attributed to cesium affinity for phyllosilicate clay minerals as verified by the low extractability of particulate 137 Cs. These findings indicate the fluvial particulate 137 Cs load is significantly related to the climate and geomorphological features of Japan. (author)

  11. Human impacts on fluvial systems - A small-catchment case study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pöppl, Ronald E.; Glade, Thomas; Keiler, Margreth

    2010-05-01

    Regulations of nearly two-thirds of the rivers worldwide have considerable influences on fluvial systems. In Austria, nearly any river (or) catchment is affected by humans, e.g. due to changing land-use conditions and river engineering structures. Recent studies of human impacts on rivers show that morphologic channel changes play a major role regarding channelization and leveeing, land-use conversions, dams, mining, urbanization and alterations of natural habitats (ecomorphology). Thus 'natural (fluvial) systems' are scarce and humans are almost always inseparably interwoven with them playing a major role in altering them coincidentally. The main objective of this study is to identify human effects (i.e. different land use conditions and river engineering structures) on river bed sediment composition and to delineate its possible implications for limnic habitats. The study area watersheds of the 'Fugnitz' River (~ 140km²) and the 'Kaja' River (~ 20km²) are located in the Eastern part of the Bohemian Massif in Austria (Europe) and drain into the 'Thaya' River which is the border river to the Czech Republic in the north of Lower Austria. Furthermore the 'Thaya' River is eponymous for the local National Park 'Nationalpark Thayatal'. In order to survey river bed sediment composition and river engineering structures facies mapping techniques, i.e. river bed surface mapping and ecomorphological mapping have been applied. Additionally aerial photograph and airborne laserscan interpretation has been used to create land use maps. These maps have been integrated to a numerical DEM-based spatial model in order to get an impression of the variability of sediment input rates to the river system. It is hypothesized that this variability is primarily caused by different land use conditions. Finally river bed sites affected by river engineering structures have been probed and grain size distributions have been analyzed. With these data sedimentological and ecological

  12. What can we learn from fluvial incision in high mountains?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fuchs, Margret; Gloaguen, Richard; Krbetschek, Matthias

    2013-04-01

    High and actively deforming mountain ranges attract the attention of geoscientists as they provide natural laboratories of fast evolving process-response systems. Tectonic compressional settings, often linked to perpendicular extension, control the topographic growth and hence, erosion, transport pathways and sedimentation. High altitude differences within short horizontal distances promote material re-organisation and high rates of surface processes. Furthermore, high mountains constitute orographic barriers that affect atmospheric circulations as well as host different climate regimes similar to those of widely separated latitudinal belts. Both cause a high sensitivity of surface processes to changes in climatic conditions. However, feedbacks between climatic and tectonic forcing are complex. Additionally, the dominance of one or the other varies in space and also over time, inheriting various traces of the paleo-morphodynamic conditions to the subsequent process regimes. To unravel the forces driving the evolution of relief in active mountains, numerous studies employ the drainage network of the corresponding mountains as a proxy of landscape evolution. Especially the rates of river incision provide a powerful tool to characterize the surface response and infer causes behind it. Several parameters of river incision are available to describe the fluvial incision at individual sites (e.g. terrace incision rates), along the river course (e.g. longitudinal river profiles, Hack index) and in its perpendicular dimension (e.g. valley cross sections, valley shape ratios). But they require careful interpretation. They are sensitive to both, climatic and tectonic forcing. Therefore, the synopsis of such indices for fluvial incision is essential to evaluate the role of climatic versus tectonic forcing. Here, we use the Panj river system, the major river draining the Pamir mountains of Central Asia, as an example. The Panj experiences high altitude changes of more than 4000

  13. Do river channels decrease in width downstream on Distributive Fluvial Systems? An evaluation of modern mega-fans

    Science.gov (United States)

    Espinoza, T. N.; Scuderi, L. A.; Weissmann, G. S.; Hartley, A. J.

    2014-12-01

    Recent studies on aggradational continental sedimentary basins globally show that fluvial deposits in most modern sedimentary basins are dominated Distributive Fluvial Systems (DFS). DFS's are identified by: (1) pattern of channels and floodplain deposits that radiate outward from an apex located where the river enters the sedimentary basin, (2) deposition where an alluvial system becomes unconfined upon entering the sedimentary basin, (3) broadly fan shaped deposit that is convex upward across the DFS and concave upward down-fan, and (4) if the DFS is incised, an intersection point above which the alluvial system is held in an incised valley and below which it distributes sediment across an active depositional lobe. Several papers about DFS hypothesized that rivers on DFS decrease in size down-fan. We are testing this hypothesis through evaluation of LANDSAT and STRM data from large DFS described by Hartley et al (2010). We use ArcGIS to: (1) open the images and merge them together if there are more than one image corresponding to the DFS being studied, (2) use a Maximum Likelihood Analysis in six classes to segment different features on the DFS (e.g. exposed sands, water, vegetation, and other fan environments), (3) isolate the classes that correspond to the active channel belt (e.g., exposed sand bars and water), (4) divide the active channel belt into 1000 m long sections, (5) determine the area of active channel belt in each section, and (6) calculate the average width of the river in each section (e.g., W = area/1000m). We present our result for each DFS river on a graph that shows the change in width downstream. Our final product will be a dataset that contains width versus distance down-fan from the apex for as many of the large DFS from Hartley et al (2010) as possible. If the hypothesis is supported, the decrease in width could have a substantial predictive significance on sandstone geometry in fluvial successions.

  14. Significance of Thermal Fluvial Incision and Bedrock Transfer due to Ice Advection on Greenland Ice Sheet Topography

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crozier, J. A.; Karlstrom, L.; Yang, K.

    2017-12-01

    Ice sheet surface topography reflects a complicated combination of processes that act directly upon the surface and that are products of ice advection. Using recently-available high resolution ice velocity, imagery, ice surface elevation, and bedrock elevation data sets, we seek to determine the domain of significance of two important processes - thermal fluvial incision and transfer of bedrock topography through the ice sheet - on controlling surface topography in the ablation zone. Evaluating such controls is important for understanding how melting of the GIS surface during the melt season may be directly imprinted in topography through supraglacial drainage networks, and indirectly imprinted through its contribution to basal sliding that affects bedrock transfer. We use methods developed by (Karlstrom and Yang, 2016) to identify supraglacial stream networks on the GIS, and use high resolution surface digital elevation models as well as gridded ice velocity and melt rate models to quantify surface processes. We implement a numerically efficient Fourier domain bedrock transfer function (Gudmundsson, 2003) to predict surface topography due to ice advection over bedrock topography obtained from radar. Despite a number of simplifying assumptions, the bedrock transfer function predicts the observed ice sheet surface in most regions of the GIS with ˜90% accuracy, regardless of the presence or absence of supraglacial drainage networks. This supports the hypothesis that bedrock is the most significant driver of ice surface topography on wavelengths similar to ice thickness. Ice surface topographic asymmetry on the GIS is common, with slopes in the direction of ice flow steeper than those faced opposite to ice flow, consistent with bedrock transfer theory. At smaller wavelengths, topography consistent with fluvial erosion by surface hydrologic features is evident. We quantify the effect of ice advection versus fluvial thermal erosion on supraglacial longitudinal stream

  15. Spatial and temporal modelling of fluvial aggradation in the Hasli Valley (Swiss Alps) during the last 1300 years

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llorca, Jaime; Schulte, Lothar; Carvalho, Filipe

    2016-04-01

    The Haslital delta (upper Aare River catchment, Bernese Alps) progradated into the Lake Brienz after the retreat of the Aare Glacier (post-LGM). Present delta plain geomorphology and spatial distribution of sedimentary facies result from historical fluvial dynamics and aggradation. Over centuries, local communities have struggled to control the Aare floods and to mitigate their effects on the floodplain (by means of raising artificial levees, channelizing the course, creating an underground drainage network, constructing dams at the basin headwaters). This study focuses on the spatial and temporal evolution of sediment dynamics of the floodplain by analyzing fluvial sedimentary records . The internal variability of lithostratigraphic sequences is a key issue to understand hydrological processes in the basin under the effect of environmental and anthropogenic changes of the past. The floodplain lithostratigraphy was reconstructed by coring alongside four cross-sections; each one is composed of more than 25 shallow boreholes (2 m deep) and two long drillings (variable depth, up to 9 m). The chronostratigraphical models were obtained by AMS 14C dating, and information of paleofloods and channel migration were reconstructed from historical sources (Schulte et al., 2015). The identification of different sedimentary facies, associated with the fluvial architecture structures, provides information on variations of vertical and lateral accretion processes (Houben, 2007). The location and geometry of buried channel-levee facies (gravel and coarse sand layers) indicate a significant mobility of the riverbed of the Hasli-Aare river, following an oscillatory pattern during the last millennia. Furthermore, fine sedimentary deposits and peat layers represent the existence of stable areas where floods have a low incidence. Once the different types of deposits were identified, aggradation rates were estimated in order to determine the spatial variability of the accumulation

  16. UMA ABORDAGEM DE CONCEITOS ELEMENTARES DE GEOMETRIA NÃO EUCLIDIANA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA VIVENCIADA NO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA A PARTIR DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wanderley Pivatto Brum

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo apresentamos um relato de uma experiência, de caráter qualitativo, a qual teve como objetivo analisar se a utilização de diferentes atividades, por meio de uma sequência didática para o ensino de Geometria não Euclidiana, em particular, Esférica e Hiperbólica. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa participante com 14 estudantes da 2ª série do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública de Tijucas, Santa Catarina. A pesquisa esteve sentada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel. A pesquisa foi dividida em três momentos: no primeiro foi aplicado um pré-teste, no segundo momento ocorreu a aplicação da sequência didática, e por fim, foi aplicado um pós-teste. Os resultados evidenciam que, após a sequência grande parte dos estudantes conseguiram assimilar, diferenciar e reconciliar conceitos de Geometria Euclidiana, Esférica e Hiperbólica, por ser um tema ainda novo nos bancos escolares, houve estudantes que permaneceram com um posicionamento euclidiano frente ao problema não euclidiano.

  17. Oficina de orientação profissional em uma escola pública: uma abordagem Psicossocial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Gustavo Silva Souza

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é relatar uma intervenção com orientação profissional realizada em uma escola pública de ensino médio, com estudantes do 3º ano (17 a 20 anos de idade. A oficina foi conduzida em oito encontros semanais, com duração de duas horas cada, e partiu de um enfoque psicossocial, com base em uma avaliação crítica da sociedade e do trabalho e com o objetivo de ampliar a consciência dos indivíduos sobre o contexto escolar, familiar e laboral que os cerca, favorecendo a atitude de participação ativa frente aos diversos determinantes da escolha profissional. Neste artigo, descrevemos os procedimentos utilizados, incluindo técnicas de grupo e questionários abertos, com enfoque qualitativo, criados especificamente para a intervenção. Debatemos, com os participantes, o cotidiano escolar e as idéias naturalizadas sobre o sucesso pessoal. Apresentamos e discutimos informações objetivas sobre cursos e profissões, e envolvemos os estudantes em uma atividade de pesquisa sobre profissões, realizada por meio de entrevistas. Ao final da intervenção, os estudantes relataram maior segurança frente aos planos de futuro e à escolha profissional e avaliaram positivamente a oficina proposta.

  18. Fluvial sediment supply to a mega-delta reduced by shifting tropical-cyclone activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Darby, Stephen E; Hackney, Christopher R; Leyland, Julian; Kummu, Matti; Lauri, Hannu; Parsons, Daniel R; Best, James L; Nicholas, Andrew P; Aalto, Rolf

    2016-11-10

    The world's rivers deliver 19 billion tonnes of sediment to the coastal zone annually, with a considerable fraction being sequestered in large deltas, home to over 500 million people. Most (more than 70 per cent) large deltas are under threat from a combination of rising sea levels, ground surface subsidence and anthropogenic sediment trapping, and a sustainable supply of fluvial sediment is therefore critical to prevent deltas being 'drowned' by rising relative sea levels. Here we combine suspended sediment load data from the Mekong River with hydrological model simulations to isolate the role of tropical cyclones in transmitting suspended sediment to one of the world's great deltas. We demonstrate that spatial variations in the Mekong's suspended sediment load are correlated (r = 0.765, P sediment load reaching the delta is delivered by runoff generated by rainfall associated with tropical cyclones. Furthermore, we estimate that the suspended load to the delta has declined by 52.6 ± 10.2 megatonnes over recent years (1981-2005), of which 33.0 ± 7.1 megatonnes is due to a shift in tropical-cyclone climatology. Consequently, tropical cyclones have a key role in controlling the magnitude of, and variability in, transmission of suspended sediment to the coast. It is likely that anthropogenic sediment trapping in upstream reservoirs is a dominant factor in explaining past, and anticipating future, declines in suspended sediment loads reaching the world's major deltas. However, our study shows that changes in tropical-cyclone climatology affect trends in fluvial suspended sediment loads and thus are also key to fully assessing the risk posed to vulnerable coastal systems.

  19. The mysterious SU UMa stars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Charles, P.A.

    1990-01-01

    This paper discusses the characteristics and the source of energy of the explosive stars called cataclysmic variables (CVs), with special attention given to the SU UMa stars, which represent CVs which have disks. In SU UMa binaries, a gas stream from a cool reddish star hits an accretion disk spiraling around a white dwarf. The impact of the stream produces a bright 'hot spot' on the edge of the disk, seen only when the system is quiescent and the disk is relatively dim (during outbursts, the hot spot is swamped by the light of the disk itself). The principal source of energy and light of most CVs is the gravitational potential energy released by matter falling from the dim reddish companion onto the white dwarf. The mechanism involved in the overflow of the reddish star is believed to be magnetic braking. Simulations are presented that explain the SU UMa phenomena and which may be applicable to other high-mass-ratio interacting binaries

  20. Deontologismo epistêmico: uma abordagem subjetivista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Müller, Felipe de Matos

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Das coisas que podem ser ditas sobre a noção de justificação epistêmica, a melhor delas é que ela é uma condição necessária para a obtenção de conhecimento. Entretanto, há quem pense que, mesmo que o Deontologismo Epistêmico seja sustentável, o cumprimento de deveres epistêmicos não seria uma condição necessária para o conhecimento. Alguém poderia violar seus deveres epistêmicos e ter conhecimento. O meu propósito, neste ensaio, é investigar se o cumprimento de deveres epistêmicos é ou não uma condição necessária para o conhecimento

  1. Investigating the use of the dual-polarized and large incident angle of SAR data for mapping the fluvial and aeolian deposits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmed Gaber

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Mapping the spatial distributions of the fluvial deposits in terms of particles size as well as imaging the near-surface features along the non-vegetated aeolian sand-sheets, provides valuable geological information. Thus this work aims at investigating the contribution of the dual-polarization SAR data in classifying and mapping the surface sediments as well as investigating the effect of the radar incident-angle on improving the images of the hidden features under the desert sand cover. For mapping the fluvial deposits, the covariance matrix ([C2] using four dual-polarized ALOS/PALSAR-1 scenes cover the Wadi El Matulla, East Qena, Egypt were generated. This [C2] matrix was used to generate a supervised classification map with three main classes (gravel, gravel/sand and sand. The polarimetric scattering response, spectral reflectance and temperatures brightness of these 3 classes were extracted. However for the aeolian deposits investigation, two Radarsat-1 and three full-polarimetric ALOS/PALSAR-1 images, which cover the northwestern sandy part of Sinai, Egypt were calibrated, filtered, geocoded and ingested in a GIS database to image the near-surface features. The fluvial mapping results show that the values of the radar backscattered coefficient (σ° and the degree of randomness of the obtained three classes are increasing respectively by increasing their grain size. Moreover, the large incident angle (θi = 39.7 of the Radarsat-1 image has revealed a meandering buried stream under the sand sheet of the northwestern part of Sinai. Such buried stream does not appear in the other optical, SRTM and SAR dataset. The main reason is the enhanced contrast between the low backscattered return from the revealed meandering stream and the surroundings as a result of the increased backscattering intensity, which is related to the relatively large incident angle along the undulated surface of the study area. All archaeological

  2. Zeroing of the TL signal of sediment undergoing fluvial transportation: a laboratory experiment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gemmell, A.M.D.

    1985-01-01

    Rates of bleaching of suspended sediment undergoing fluvial transportation in a closed laboratory flume beneath a u.v. lamp were measured. It was found that the speed of zeroing is inversely related to the speed of flow. This is attributed to the effects of flow turbulence in keeping sediment in suspension, thereby reducing the penetration of u.v. radiation, and to the re-entrainment of partially bleached or unbleached sediment into the flow. The time required to reduce TL to the residual levels indicated by sunlamp bleaching experiments are such as to suggest that at faster flows sediments in a heavily-laden stream may never attain a complete bleaching. (author)

  3. Evolution of Subaerial Coastal Fluvial Delta Island Topography into Multiple Stable States Under Influence of Vegetation and Stochastic Hydrology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moffett, K. B.; Smith, B. C.; O'Connor, M.; Mohrig, D. C.

    2014-12-01

    Coastal fluvial delta morphodynamics are prominently controlled by external fluvial sediment and water supplies; however, internal sediment-water-vegetation feedbacks are now being proposed as potentially equally significant in organizing and maintaining the progradation and aggradation of such systems. The time scales of fluvial and climate influences on these feedbacks, and of their responses, are also open questions. Historical remote sensing study of the Wax Lake Delta model system (Louisiana, USA) revealed trends in the evolution of the subaerial island surfaces from a non-systematic arrangement of elevations to a discrete set of levees and intra-island platforms with distinct vegetation types, designated as high marsh, low marsh, and mudflat habitat. We propose that this elevation zonation is consistent with multiple stable state theory, e.g. as applied to tidal salt marsh systems but not previously to deltas. According to zonally-distributed sediment core analyses, differentiation of island elevations was not due to organic matter accumulation as in salt marshes, but rather by differential mineral sediment accumulation with some organic contributions. Mineral sediment accumulation rates suggested that elevation growth was accelerating or holding steady over time, at least to date in this young delta, in contrast to theory suggesting rates should slow as elevation increases above mean water level. Hydrological analysis of island flooding suggested a prominent role of stochastic local storm events in raising island water levels and supplying mineral sediment to the subaerial island surfaces at short time scales; over longer time scales, the relative influences of local storms and inland/regional floods on the coupled sediment-water-vegetation system of the subaerial delta island surfaces remain the subject of ongoing study. These results help provide an empirical foundation for the next generation of coupled sediment-water-vegetation modeling and theory.

  4. Distinguishing regional and local sources of pollution by trace metals and magnetic particles in fluvial sediments of the Morava River, Czech Republic

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Nováková, Tereza; Matys Grygar, Tomáš; Bábek, O.; Famera, M.; Mihaljevič, M.; Strnad, L.

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 13, č. 2 (2013), s. 460-473 ISSN 1439-0108 Institutional support: RVO:61388980 Keywords : Enrichment factors * Fluvial sediments * Heavy metals * Local sources * Normalisation * Regional contamination Subject RIV: DD - Geochemistry Impact factor: 2.107, year: 2013

  5. Fluvial Export Variability Of Limiting Nutrient Fluxes To The Indian Ocean From Kelani, Kalu and Gin Rivers Of Sri Lanka

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ranasinghage, P. N.; Silva, A. N.; Vlahos, P.

    2016-12-01

    Inorganic `reactive' nutrients hold the highest importance in understanding the role of limiting nutrients in the ocean since they facilitate marine biological productivity and carbon sequestration that would eventually pave the way to regulate the biogeochemical climate feedbacks. Significant inorganic fractions are expected to be exported episodically to the ocean from fluvial fluxes though this is poorly understood. Thus, no considerable amounts of published work regarding the fluxes from Sri Lankan freshwater streams have ever been recorded. A study was carried out to quantify the contribution of Kelani, Kalu and Gin Rivers, three major rivers in the wet zone of Sri Lanka, in exporting major limiting nutrient fluxes to the Indian Ocean; to understand the significance of their variability patterns with rainfall and understand differences in their inputs. The study was conducted during the summer monsoonal period from late August to early November at two-three week intervals where water samples were collected for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, silica, sulfate and iron analysis by Colorimetric Spectroscopy. Discharge and rainfall data were retrieved from the Department of Irrigation and Department of Meteorology, Sri Lanka respectively. According to Two Way ANOVA, none of the individual fluxes showed significant differences (p>0.1) both in their temporal and spatial variability suggesting that studied rivers respond similarly in fluvial transportation owing to the similar rainfall intensities observed during the study period in the wet zone. Linear Regression Analysis indicates that only PO43- (p<0.01), SO42- (p<0.01) and NO2-(p<0.01 for Kelani and Kalu; 0.0.1Key words; nutrients, fluvial, fluxes, Redfield ratios

  6. Trends in publications in fluvial geomorphology over two decades: A truly new era in the discipline owing to recent technological revolution?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Piégay, Hervé; Kondolf, G. Mathias; Minear, J. Toby; Vaudor, Lise

    2015-01-01

    Trends in the field of fluvial geomorphology have been reviewed by a number of authors, who have emphasized the dramatic change occuring in the field in the last two decades of the twentieth century, largely as a result of technological advances. Nevertheless, no prior authors have systematically compiled data on publications in fluvial geomorphology over a long period and statistically analyzed the resulting data set. In this contribution we present a quantitative analysis of fluvial geomorphology papers published in the twenty-two-year period 1987–2009 in five journals of the discipline with a more specific focus on Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL), identifying authorships, geographic origin of authors, and spatial and temporal scales covered. We also documented the tools employed, demonstrating the transformation of the field with the emergence of new tools over this period, and conducted a cluster to highlight links between tools and a set of factors (country of author's origin, journals, time, and spatial and temporal scales). Of the 1717 papers published in the five journals during this period, the results showed an increased diversity in the nationality of the first author, mainly when dealing with present time scale, and channel feature. Our data show a significant change in methods used in the field as a result of the increase in data availability and new sources of information from remote sensing (ground, airborne and, satellite). Clearly, a new era in knowledge production is observed since 2000, showing the emergence of a second period of active quantification and an internationalization of the fields.

  7. ASSOREAMENTO DE LAGO NA SUB-BACIA DO CÓRREGO DA CASCATA, EM BOTUCATU (SP: IMPLICAÇÕES MORFOMÉTRICAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivalde Belluta

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available A bacia hidrográfica é considerada uma unidade de estudo, planejamento e gerenciamento territorial para a conservação dos recursos naturais, moldada pelas condições geológicas e climáticas locais. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as características morfométricas da sub-bacia do Córrego da Cascata, em Botucatu (SP, e suas implicações no processo de assoreamento de um lago integrante dessa sub-bacia. A avaliação contou com índices gerados a partir de dados calculados com base cartográfica digitalizada e georreferenciada na escala 1:10.000, com utilização do AutoCAD Map 2004. Foi também utilizado o software Quantum GIS 1.8, para gerar o modelo digital de elevação (MDE e o mapa de declividades que permitiu obter a declividade média (Dm da sub-bacia. Através dos índices fator de forma (Kf, sinuosidade (Is, circularidade (Ic e coeficiente de compacidade (Kc, a sub-bacia do Córrego da Cascata apresentou forma alongada, com baixa propensão a enchentes e com escoamento rápido. Os índices densidade de drenagem (Dd e relação de relevo (Rr indicaram drenagem média e mais eficiente, o que favorece a elevada dissecação e o médio estágio erosivo. O índice coeficiente de rugosidade (Cr indicou que se trata de uma sub-bacia vocacionada à agricultura. A intervenção antrópica na linha do divisor de águas observada in loco é o principal fator do carreamento de sedimentos no lago e não apenas compromete a beleza paisagística do local como altera a vida aquática do ecossistema.

  8. Revitalizing a mature oil play: Strategies for finding and producing unrecovered oil in frio fluvial-deltaic sandstone reservoirs at South Texas. Annual report, October 1994--October 1995

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Holtz, M.; Knox, P.; McRae, L. [and others

    1996-02-01

    The Frio Fluvial-Deltaic Sandstone oil play of South Texas has produced nearly 1 billion barrels of oil, yet it still contains about 1.6 billion barrels of unrecovered mobile oil and nearly the same amount of residual oil resources. Interwell-scale geologic facise models of Frio Fluvial-deltaic reservoirs are being combined with engineering assessments and geophysical evaluations in order to determine the controls that these characteristics exert on the location and volume or unrecovered mobile and residual oil. Progress in the third year centered on technology transfer. An overview of project tasks is presented.

  9. Desvelamento do limiar discursivo de uma marca global em uma cultura local

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávia Zimmerle da Nóbrega Costa

    Full Text Available Com o advento da globalização inicia-se uma nova forma de convivência entre as sociedades, cuja possibilidade contribui para gerar um emaranhado campo de cruzamentos culturais e permite o estabelecimento de valores universais em meios locais. Este contexto, aliado à cultura de massas, promoveu as marcas a símbolos culturais complexos e globais. Inspirados no projeto arqueológico de Michel Foucault, elegemos uma marca global para realizar um estudo de caso fotoetnográfico de práticas cotidianas mundanas. Este processo nos possibilitou realizar a análise por meio de um trabalho de ordenação, definição e descrição, elaborado no interior do campo discursivo, permitindo que os resultados revelassem descrições enunciativas pautadas nas ações de marketing da marca. Estas nos revelaram funções e suas relações nos permitiram decifrar as regras sob as quais essas se encontravam regidas. A análise nos revelou o limiar relacional entre as culturas global e local e nos possibilitou desvelar as relações existentes nesta teia discursiva, possibilitando a compreensão de como uma marca transnacional se estabelece numa cultura local reproduzindo a cultura global. Neste sentido, apontamos alguns caminhos para reflexão acerca das sociedades ocidentais no contemporâneo.

  10. Esquizofrenia: uma revisão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available A definição atual de esquizofrenia indica uma psicose crônica idiopática, aparentando ser um conjunto de diferentes doenças com sintomas que se assemelham e se sobrepõem. A esquizofrenia é de origem multifatorial onde os fatores genéticos e ambientais parecem estar associados a um aumento no risco de desenvolver a doença. Esse artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão de alguns aspectos englobando: história, sintomatologia, tratamentos e modelos experimentais da esquizofrenia.

  11. DK UMa: A Star on the Ascent

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simon, Theodore

    1999-01-01

    DK UMa (= 24 UMa = HD 82210) is a G4 IV-III star. According to its M(sub v) and B - V color, it is located at the base of the red giant branch, having recently exited from the Hertzsprung Gap. Now poised to start its first ascent along the giant branch, DK UMa is at a significant juncture in its post-main-sequence evolution, offering an important evolutionary comparison for magnetic activity with stars like 31 Comae, which is just entering the Hertzsprung Gap, and older stars like the Hyades giants or P Ceti, which have passed the tip of the giant branch and lie in the so-called 'clump'. As part of a major survey of the ultraviolet and X ray properties of a well-defined sample of evolved giant stars, DK UMa was observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) spacecraft in March 1997, for a total exposure time of 230 kiloseconds. A plot of the extracted short-wavelength (SW) spectrum of this star is shown, where it is compared with similar EUVE exposures for other yellow and red giant stars in the activity survey. In terms of the spectral lines of different ionization stages present in these spectra, the transition region and coronal temperature of DK UMa appears to be intermediate between those of 31 Com and P Ceti. Combining the relative strengths of the EUVE lines with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data at near UV wavelengths and with ROSAT X-ray fluxes, the differential emission measure (DEM) distributions of these stars form a sequence in coronal temperature, which peaks at 10(exp 7.2) K for 31 Com, at 10(exp 6.8) K for B Ceti, and at intermediate temperatures for DK UMa - consistent with the evolutionary stages represented by the three stars. The integrated fluxes of the strongest emission lines found in the EUVE spectrum of DK UMa are listed, again compared with similar measurements for other giant stars that were observed in the course of other EUVE Guest Observer programs.

  12. Contrasting vulnerability of drained tropical and high-latitude peatlands to fluvial loss of stored carbon

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evans, Chris D.; Page, Susan E.; Jones, Tim; Moore, Sam; Gauci, Vincent; Laiho, Raija; Hruška, Jakub; Allott, Tim E. H.; Billett, Michael F.; Tipping, Ed; Freeman, Chris; Garnett, Mark H.

    2014-11-01

    Carbon sequestration and storage in peatlands rely on consistently high water tables. Anthropogenic pressures including drainage, burning, land conversion for agriculture, timber, and biofuel production, cause loss of pressures including drainage, burning, land conversion for agriculture, timber, and biofuel production, cause loss of peat-forming vegetation and exposure of previously anaerobic peat to aerobic decomposition. This can shift peatlands from net CO2 sinks to large CO2 sources, releasing carbon held for millennia. Peatlands also export significant quantities of carbon via fluvial pathways, mainly as dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We analyzed radiocarbon (14C) levels of DOC in drainage water from multiple peatlands in Europe and Southeast Asia, to infer differences in the age of carbon lost from intact and drained systems. In most cases, drainage led to increased release of older carbon from the peat profile but with marked differences related to peat type. Very low DOC-14C levels in runoff from drained tropical peatlands indicate loss of very old (centuries to millennia) stored peat carbon. High-latitude peatlands appear more resilient to drainage; 14C measurements from UK blanket bogs suggest that exported DOC remains young (use changes in the tropics. Data from the UK Peak District, an area where air pollution and intensive land management have triggered Sphagnum loss and peat erosion, suggest that additional anthropogenic pressures may trigger fluvial loss of much older (>500 year) carbon in high-latitude systems. Rewetting at least partially offsets drainage effects on DOC age.

  13. Drenagem linfática manual nos sintomas da síndrome pré-menstrual: estudo piloto Manual lymphatic drainage for premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a pilot study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana de Jesus Ferreira

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome pré-menstrual é um complexo de sintomas - dentre os quais o edema pré-menstrual - entre o 10o e o 14o dias que antecedem a menstruação e cessam no início do fluxo menstrual. A técnica de drenagem linfática manual (DLM drena o excesso de líquido acumulado, atua no edema e poderia aliviar esses sintomas. O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi verificar o efeito da DLM no alívio dos sintomas da síndrome pré-menstrual e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em quatro mulheres jovens. O estudo foi realizado ao longo de dois ciclos menstruais, ciclo 1 sem intervenção terapêutica, e o segundo ciclo, com aplicação da técnica de DLM. As participantes foram avaliadas, no início do ciclo 1 e final do ciclo 2, por anamnese, mensuração de estatura e massa, estimativa da composição corporal, diário de sintomas e quanto à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, pelo WHOQoL-bref. Os resultados mostraram redução significativa apenas do diâmetro de abdome superior nos níveis xifóide e umbilical; as médias total e individual dos sintomas do diário reduziram-se, porém sem significância, tal como ocorreu no aumento dos escores no WHOQoL-bref. A drenagem linfática manual foi eficaz na diminuição de um sintoma da síndrome pré-menstrual, o edema em região superior abdominal, e não alterou a qualidade de vida dessas jovens.Premenstrual syndrome is a symptomatology - including premenstrual edema - that affects women between the 10th and 14th days prior to menstruation and ends at the onset of menstrual flux. The technique of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD draws off accumulated fluid excess, acts on edema and might help relieve such symptoms. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effect of MLD on premenstrual symptoms and on health-related quality of life of four young women. The study was carried out along two menstrual cycles, the first with no intervention; MLD was applied along the second cycle

  14. The Douro estuarine plume: Detection, processes and dynamics =

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mendes, Renato Paulo dos Santos

    O Douro e um dos maiores rios da Peninsula Iberica, constituindo a maior descarga de agua doce para o Oceano Atlântico na costa noroeste portuguesa. A sua pluma estuarina tem particular relevância na dinâmica costeira e na modulacao de fenomenos biogeoquimicos. Sao objetivos desta dissertacao contribuir para a compreensao dos processos fisicos associados a geracao e propagacao da pluma estuarina do Rio Douro no oceano, assim como para o conhecimento dos seus padroes de dispersao e da forma como estes alteram a hidrologia e a circulacao costeira, considerando os agentes forcadores tipicos deste fenomeno (caudal fluvial, vento e mare) e indices climaticos relevantes. Para concretizacao destes objetivos foram desenvolvidas e aplicadas metodologias inovadoras de processamento de dados de detecao remota, assim como novas implementacoes estuarinas e costeiras de modelos numericos. Atraves de imagens MODIS, otimizadas para o estudo de fenomenos costeiros, efetuou-se uma detecao rigorosa da pluma. Identificou-se uma relacao entre o sinal turbido nLw555 e o caudal, demonstrando-se este produto como um bom proxy para a observacao da pluma no oceano. As escalas temporais e espaciais da pluma foram caraterizadas atraves destas imagens, combinadas com dados de caudal fluvial, mare, vento e precipitacao, e tambem com indices climaticos relevantes. Para compreender a propagacao da pluma e caracterizar a sua dinâmica e impacto na circulacao costeira, foi desenvolvida uma aplicacao 3D de modelos estuarinos e costeiros com malhas aninhadas de resolucao variavel. Definiramse e analisaram-se diferentes cenarios de vento e descarga fluvial. A interacao da pluma do Rio Douro e do Minho foi ainda analisada atraves dos resultados de simulacoes baseadas num evento de inverno. Os compositos turbidos mostraram que a pluma e facilmente detetada quando o caudal e maior que 500 m3 s??1. A descarga fluvial e o vento sao os principais forcadores da sua propagacao, enquanto a mare e apenas

  15. Multi-residues analysis of pre-emergence herbicides in fluvial sediments: application to the mid-Garonne River.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Devault, Damien A; Merlina, Georges; Lim, Puy; Probst, Jean-Luc; Pinelli, Eric

    2007-09-01

    Contamination of man and ecosystems by pesticides has become a major environmental concern. Whereas many studies exist on contamination from agriculture, the effects of urban sources are usually omitted. Fluvial sediment is a complex matrix of pollutants but little is known of its recent herbicide content. This study proposes a method for a fast and reliable analysis of herbicides by employing the accelerated solvent extractor (ASE). The aim of the study is to show the impact of a major town (Toulouse) on the herbicide content in the river. In this study, three herbicide families (i.e.s-triazine, substituted ureas and anilides) were analysed in fluvial sediment fractions at 11 sampling sites along the mid-Garonne River and its tributaries. River water contamination by herbicides is minor, except for at three sites located in urban areas. Among the herbicidal families studied, urban and suburban areas are distinguished from rural areas and were found to be the most contaminated sites during the study period, a winter low-water event. The herbicide content of the coarse sediment fractions is about one third of that found in the fine fractions and usually ignored. The distribution of pesticide concentrations across the whole range of particle sizes was investigated to clarify the role of plant remains on the significant accumulation in the coarse fractions.

  16. Do público e do privado: uma perspectiva de género sobre uma dicotomia moderna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sofia Aboim

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2012000100006 Neste texto propomos uma interpretação crítica da dicotomia histórica entre público e privado como dinâmica fundamental da modernidade. A partir de uma perspectiva de género, discutimos as fronteiras construídas entre espaço coletivo de cidadania e de sociabilidade e espaço individual de intimidade e desigualdade. Argumentamos a favor de uma relação de cumplicidade, ainda que tensa, entre as duas esferas, observando que a vida privada foi, em grande medida, moldada pelas mudanças operadas na vida pública. Recorrendo a diferentes definições de “público”, notamos que, à medida que as sociabilidades tradicionais, essencialmente masculinas, estudadas entre outros por Ariès ou Sennett, sofriam uma erosão, crescia o sentimento de intimidade, aumentando igualmente a inclusão do privado no público através do alargamento da cidadania, em consequência das lutas travadas na esfera pública por vários movimentos de emancipação, como o operário ou o feminista. À medida que a pessoa era retirada da comunidade, do clã, do grupo de parentesco, em que eram “naturais” as desigualdades, no sentido aristotélico do termo, ia-se reencontrando progressivamente como indivíduo portador de cidadania. Se o espaço privado se tornou central na definição de uma identidade, ele é também crescentemente atravessado por mecanismos públicos de regulação. Nesse sentido, o movimento de ascensão do privado, que nas últimas décadas tem ocupado espaço de debate, deve ser cuidadosamente reinterpretado.

  17. APROVEITAMENTO, CAPTAÇÃO E (RE) USO DAS ÁGUAS PLUVIAIS NA ARQUITETURA

    OpenAIRE

    Melhores Trabalhos .

    2015-01-01

    O presente artigo tem a intenção de abordar a captação e o (re) uso das águas pluviais com ênfase na arquitetura sustentável, tendo como finalidade básica a conscientização do consumo exagerado de água potável. O aproveitamento da água da chuva é uma das alternativas principais para a redução da escassez da água, conservação dos lençóis freáticos e para a colaboração no sistema de drenagem urbana. Dessa forma, a pesquisa apresentará informações referentes às várias formas e sistemas de captaç...

  18. Influência da bacia hidrográfica e características espaço-temporais de variáveis limnológicas sobre reservatórios no Rio Jacuí - RS

    OpenAIRE

    Wachholz, Flávio [UNESP

    2011-01-01

    A construção de barragem é uma intervenção antrópica na rede de drenagem que altera o fluxo natural da água. O presente trabalho caracterizou e analisou a estruturação limnológica e espectral na escala espaço-temporal nos reservatórios das Usinas Hidrelétricas (UHE) Passo Real e Dona Francisca do rio Jacuí – RS, e a relação com as bacias hidrográficas que os compõem no Alto Jacuí. A hipótese foi a de que ocorrem diferenças nas propriedades ópticas da água na escala espaço-temporal de reservat...

  19. O direito dos povos: uma proposta de sociedade bem ordenada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jéssica de Farias Mesquita

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available O presente texto tem como objetivo examinar a visão de John Rawls acerca das sociedades bem ordenadas na obra O Direito dos Povos, bem como o significado destas para o desenvolvimento da proposta de sociedade democrática liberal. Rawls, na primeira parte da obra, que trata sobre a teoria ideal, refere-se à ideia geral de contrato social nas Sociedades dos Povos democráticos liberais. O autor prossegue com a mesma ideia, na segunda parte da obra quando trata da teoria não-ideal, referindo-se aos povos decentes. Uma sociedade dos povos decentes, segundo Rawls, é uma sociedade cujas características são aceitáveis como membro de uma Sociedade dos Povos razoável, embora não seja uma sociedade democrática liberal. Ambas as sociedades, seja ela democrática liberal ou decente, fazem parte de uma sociedade bem ordenada por obedecerem aos critérios estabelecidos pela Sociedade dos Povos. Para a garantia de uma sociedade bem ordenada, Rawls expõe uma série de condições para que esse tipo de sociedade seja possível, uma dessas condições é o modo como essas sociedades se encontram reguladas.

  20. Estudo comparativo entre o pré-condicionamento isquêmico e a drenagem liquórica como métodos de proteção medular em cães Comparative study between ischemic preconditioning and cerebrospinal fluid drainage as methods of spinal cord protection in dogs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anderson Benício

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este estudo compara os efeitos do pré-condicionamento isquêmico imediato, baseado na monitorização do potencial evocado somatossensitivo (PESS, com aqueles da drenagem do líquido cefalorraquidiano, em um modelo de oclusão da aorta torácica descendente em cães. MÉTODO: Dezoito cães foram submetidos à isquemia medular induzida pela oclusão da aorta torácica descendente por 60 minutos. O Grupo Controle foi submetido à oclusão da aorta (n=6, o Grupo Pré-Condicionamento Isquêmico (PCI, ao pré-condicionamento isquêmico (n=6 e o grupo drenagem, à drenagem do líquido cefalorraquidiano (n=6, imediatamente antes da oclusão da aorta. A condição neurológica foi acessada por um observador independente, de acordo com a escala de Tarlov. Os animais foram sacrificados e as medulas retiradas para exame histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Pressões da aorta proximal e distal à oclusão foram semelhantes nos três grupos. Sete dias após o procedimento, o índice de Tarlov foi significativamente maior em comparação ao Grupo Controle, somente no Grupo PCI (pOBJECTIVE: This study compares the effects of immediate ischemic preconditioning based on somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP monitoring with those of cerebrospinal fluid drainage in a model of descending thoracic aorta occlusion in dogs. METHOD: Eighteen dogs were submitted to spinal cord ischemia induced by descending thoracic aortic cross-clamping for 60 minutes. The Control Group underwent only aortic cross-clamping (n=6. The Ischemic Preconditioning Group (IPC underwent ischemic preconditioning (n=6 and the Drainage Group underwent cerebrospinal fluid drainage (n=6, immediately before aortic cross-clamping. An independent observer assessed neurological status according to the Tarlov score. The animals were sacrificed and spinal cord harvested for histopathologic study. RESULTS: Aortic pressure before and after the occluded segment was similar in the three groups. Seven days

  1. Uma biblioteca de pontos de controle para imagens MSS Landsat

    OpenAIRE

    Fernando Augusto Mitsuo Ii

    1985-01-01

    O objetivo deste trabalho e desenvolver um sistema para criacao, manutencao e gerenciamento de uma biblioteca de pontos de controle para imagens MSS Landsat. Um ponto de controle e uma caracteristica fisicamente detectavel numa cena, cuja localizacao geodesica e precisamente conhecida. O uso destes pontos e de fundamental importancia num sistema de correcao geometrica de imagens de satelite. A biblioteca permitira que pontos de controle pertencentes a uma dada cena sejam recuperados de uma ma...

  2. Modelamiento geoestadístico de los depósitos fluviales de la zona c-formación mugrosa en el área la Cira-Este del Campo La Cira

    OpenAIRE

    Rojas Suárez, César Augusto

    2011-01-01

    Mediante algoritmos geoestadísticos se realizo el modelo tridimensional de los yacimientos fluviales de la Zona-C de la Formación Mugrosa en el área Cira-Este del Campo La Cira. Este modelo permitió calcular el aceite original en sitio e identificar las reservas que aun no han sido drenadas en el yacimiento. / Abstract. Geostatistical algorithms were used for making the three-dimensional model for the fluvial deposits of Zona-C of Mugrosa Formation in the Cira-Este area of the Cira Field. Thi...

  3. Changing fluvial styles in volcaniclastic successions: A cretaceous example from the Cerro Barcino Formation, Patagonia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Umazano, A. Martín; Krause, J. Marcelo; Bellosi, Eduardo S.; Perez, Mariano; Visconti, Graciela; Melchor, Ricardo N.

    2017-08-01

    The Cretaceous Puesto La Paloma (PLPM) and Cerro Castaño (CCM) members (Cerro Barcino Formation, Chubut Group) are pyroclastic-rich, alluvial successions deposited in the Somuncurá-Cañadón Asfalto Basin during sag and endorheic conditions. The PLPM comprises sheet-like tuffaceous sandstone strata, whereas the overlying CCM includes sheet-to ribbon-channel sandstone bodies intercalated within tuffaceous and fine-grained sediments. In this context, the goals of this contribution were: i) to make a detailed documentation of the contrasting sedimentary palaeonvironments; and ii) to infer the allocyclic controls that governed the sedimentation of both units. The study area is located in the western sector of the basin, where six localities, which were studied. Six facies associations were defined including ash-falls, sheet-floods, shallow lakes, aeolian, fluvial channel-belts, and reworked debris-flows. We defined four stratigraphic intervals for the studied sections, denominated 1 to 4 in chronological order of deposition, which increase their thicknesses toward the Puesto Mesa-Cerro León site. The interval 1 (18-42 m thick) corresponds to the PLPM and includes numerous pedogenized sheet-flood deposits, carbonate-rich lacustrine, aeolian sandy facies, and ash-fall beds. The interval 1 is interpreted as an ephemeral and unconfined alluvial system that interacted with aeolian dunes and dry interdune zones. The interval 2 (20-47 m thick) represents the lower part of the CCM. It shows an alternation of fluvial channel-belt deposits and vegetated floodplain facies with sediments originated from sheet-floods, lakes, and few ash-falls and debris-flows. The mean palaeoflow was toward E-SE, except in the northernmost locality where the drainage was towards SW. Proportion of channel-belt bodies ranges from 10 to 36%, reaching higher values in the northern part of the study area, where they are also thicker. The interval 2 represents a permanent, meandering or locally low

  4. Petrology and provenance of the Neogene fluvial succession in Pishin Belt (Katawaz Basin) western Pakistan: Implications for sedimentation in peripheral forelands basins

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kasi, Aimal Khan; Kassi, Aktar Muhammad; Friis, Henrik

    2017-01-01

    Sandstones and conglomerates of the Neogene fluvial succession in Pishin Belt (Katawaz Basin), Pakistan were studied for the first time to understand the composition, provenance and tectonic settings of the source areas. Sandstones of the Miocene Dasht Murgha Group and Pliocene Malthanai Formatio...

  5. Smartguide Vienna: uma proposta inovadora

    OpenAIRE

    Matzinger, Sara dos Santos

    2012-01-01

    Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Turismo e Comunicação, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013 Perante um cenário de crescimento do turismo, os desafios colocados a este sector e a quem nele pretende trabalhar tornam-se cada vez mais complexos. Verifica-se uma crescente aposta na qualidade e na formação dos seus trabalhadores, dando-se uma especial atenção à vertente da comunicação, bem como à indispensável necessidade de se inovar através de, por exemplo, o lançamento de novos...

  6. Insights into organic carbon oxidation potential during fluvial transport from controlled laboratory and natural field experiments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scheingross, Joel S.; Dellinger, Mathieu; Golombek, Nina; Hilton, Robert G.; Hovius, Niels; Sachse, Dirk; Turowski, Jens M.; Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea; Wittmann, Hella

    2017-04-01

    Over geologic timescales, the exchange of organic carbon (OC) between the atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere is thought to be a major control on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, and hence global climate. The carbon fluxes from the oxidation of rock-derived OC (a CO2 source) and erosion and transport of biospheric OC (a potential CO2 sink) during fluvial transit are approximately the same order of magnitude or larger than those from silicate weathering (France-Lanord and Derry, 1997; Bouchez et al., 2010). Despite field data showing oxidation of OC moving downstream in lowland rivers, it is unclear if losses occur primarily during active fluvial transport within the river, where OC is in continual motion within an aerated environment, or during longer periods when OC is temporarily stored in river floodplains which may be anoxic. This represents a major knowledge gap, as the unknown location of OC oxidation (i.e., river vs. floodplain) limits our ability to develop process-based models that can be employed to predict OC losses, constrain carbon budgets, and unravel links between climate, tectonics, and erosion. To fill this gap, we investigated the potential for OC oxidation in both controlled laboratory experiments and a simplified field setting. We consider both rock-derived and biospheric OC. Our experiments simulated fluvial transport without floodplain storage, allowing mixtures of OC-rich and siliciclastic sediment to be transported for distances of 1000 km in annular flumes while making time-series measurements of OC concentration in both the solid (POC) and dissolved (DOC) loads, as well as measurements of rhenium concentration, which serves as a proxy for the oxidation of rock-derived OC. These transport experiments were compared to static, control experiments where water and sediment in the same proportion were placed in still water. Initial results for transport of OC-rich soil show similar behavior between the transport and static

  7. Expansión urbana, PRMS y el corredor fluvial del Rio Mapocho inferior /Urban growth, planning instruments and the lower Mapocho River basin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Ferrando Acuña

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Se analiza la relevancia de los servicios ambientales de los corredores fluviales en el ámbito de la planificación urbana sustentable, al tenor de la realidad y falencias de los instrumentos territoriales vigentes en esta temática. Dados los múltiples servicios ambientales de esto tipo de sistema natural, escasamente valorizado y nada incorporado en los IOT en Chile, al contrario de experiencias extranjeras como las españolas, se rescata y explicitan las características del corredor inferior del Río Mapocho entre la Comuna de Maipú y el Monte desde el punto de vista geomorfológico, hidrológico y ambiental, y se señala la relevancia de su temprana incorporación en los proyectos de urbanización de este territorio, los cuales ya se encuentran en marcha a propósito del progresivo cambio de uso del suelo de rural a urbano. /In Chile there's no correlation between the environmental relevance of the fluvial corridors and its many benefic functions for the urban climate and quality of life of his inhabitants with planning instruments. Consequently these fluvial systems aren't the basis of city planning setting aside its environmental services not only for cities, also for regions and more. The lower Río Mapocho corridor is evaluated considering the land use change in its surroundings. A review is presentes of international experiences on this matter, particularly from Spain.

  8. The impact of urban expansion and agricultural legacies on trace metal accumulation in fluvial and lacustrine sediments of the lower Chesapeake Bay basin, USA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coxon, T.M.; Odhiambo, B.K.; Giancarlo, L.C.

    2016-01-01

    The progressively declining ecological condition of the Chesapeake Bay is attributed to the influx of contaminants associated with sediment loads supplied by its largest tributaries. The continued urban expansion in the suburbs of Virginia cities, modern agricultural activities in the Shenandoah Valley, the anthropogenic and climate driven changes in fluvial system hydrodynamics and their potential associated impacts on trace metals enrichment in the bay's tributaries necessitate constant environmental monitoring of these important water bodies. Eight "2"1"0Pb and "1"3"7Cs dated sediment cores and seventy two sediment grab samples were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of Al, Ca, Mg, Cr, Cd, As, Se, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe in the waterways of the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay basin. The sediment cores for trace metal historical fluctuation analysis were obtained in lower fluvial-estuarine environments and reservoirs in the upper reaches of the basin. The trace metal profiles revealed high basal enrichment factors (EF) of between 0.05 and 40.24, which are interpreted to represent early nineteenth century agricultural activity and primary resource extraction. Surficial enrichment factors on both cores and surface grab samples ranged from 0.01 (Cu) to 1421 (Cd), with Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd enrichments a plausible consequence of modern urban expansion and industrial development along major transportation corridors. Contemporary surficial enrichments of As, Se, and Cr also ranged between 0 and 137, with the higher values likely influenced by lithological and atmospheric sources. Pearson correlation analyses suggest mining and agricultural legacies, coupled with aerosol deposition, are responsible for high metal concentrations in western lakes and headwater reaches of fluvial systems, while metal accumulation in estuarine reaches of the major rivers can be attributed to urban effluence and the remobilization of legacy sediments. - Highlights:

  9. The impact of urban expansion and agricultural legacies on trace metal accumulation in fluvial and lacustrine sediments of the lower Chesapeake Bay basin, USA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Coxon, T.M. [Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Mary Washington, 1301 College Avenue Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401 (United States); Odhiambo, B.K., E-mail: bkisila@umw.edu [Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Mary Washington, 1301 College Avenue Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401 (United States); Giancarlo, L.C. [Department of Chemistry, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 (United States)

    2016-10-15

    The progressively declining ecological condition of the Chesapeake Bay is attributed to the influx of contaminants associated with sediment loads supplied by its largest tributaries. The continued urban expansion in the suburbs of Virginia cities, modern agricultural activities in the Shenandoah Valley, the anthropogenic and climate driven changes in fluvial system hydrodynamics and their potential associated impacts on trace metals enrichment in the bay's tributaries necessitate constant environmental monitoring of these important water bodies. Eight {sup 210}Pb and {sup 137}Cs dated sediment cores and seventy two sediment grab samples were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of Al, Ca, Mg, Cr, Cd, As, Se, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe in the waterways of the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay basin. The sediment cores for trace metal historical fluctuation analysis were obtained in lower fluvial-estuarine environments and reservoirs in the upper reaches of the basin. The trace metal profiles revealed high basal enrichment factors (EF) of between 0.05 and 40.24, which are interpreted to represent early nineteenth century agricultural activity and primary resource extraction. Surficial enrichment factors on both cores and surface grab samples ranged from 0.01 (Cu) to 1421 (Cd), with Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd enrichments a plausible consequence of modern urban expansion and industrial development along major transportation corridors. Contemporary surficial enrichments of As, Se, and Cr also ranged between 0 and 137, with the higher values likely influenced by lithological and atmospheric sources. Pearson correlation analyses suggest mining and agricultural legacies, coupled with aerosol deposition, are responsible for high metal concentrations in western lakes and headwater reaches of fluvial systems, while metal accumulation in estuarine reaches of the major rivers can be attributed to urban effluence and the remobilization of legacy sediments

  10. Associação de Dinocistos de Ambiente Estuarino em uma Seção Sedimentar na Baía de Guanabara.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Santos de Oliveira

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available A Baía de Guanabara, situada no Estado doRio de Janeiro, constitui um importante sistemaestuarino. Esse ambiente, de padrões de circulaçõesrestritas mantêm comunicação constante com ooceano bem como serve de desembocadura fluvial,sofrendo, desta maneira, a diminuição da salinidadeem virtude do afluxo de água doce. Este trabalhotem como objetivo principal caracterizar a variaçãoorganocomposicional ao longo de uma seçãosedimentar de 3 metros de sedimentos retirados deum testemunho. Foram confeccionadas 25 lâminasorganopalinológicas utilizando metodologiadesenvolvida pelo Laboratório de Palinofácies &Fácies Orgânica do Departamento de Geologia daUFRJ. Uma inovação no método de preparaçãodas amostras do presente trabalho permitiu umarecuperação bastante representativa de microfósseisde parede orgânica do grupo dos dinoflagelados,sendo os primeiros resultados deste trabalho umaimportante variação na assembléia desses dinocistospresentes nessas amostras. O uso da técnica demicroscopia em luz ultravioleta/azul incidente (altofluorescência foi de fundamental importância para aidentificação dos dinocistos. O material é compostopredominantemente pelo gênero Lingoludinium,seguido pelos gêneros Spiniferites e Operculodinium.Ocorrem também Protoperidinium (dinocistosheterotróficos. A associação de dinocistos queocorrem na área estudada dá origem a diferentesassembléias. Nesse ambiente a assembléia formadapelo gênero Operculodinium, Lingulodiniume Spiniferites pode nos informar variações nasalinidade e taxa de nutrientes. Já uma outraassembléia formada pelos gêneros Lingulodinium,Protoperidinium e a espécie Operculodiniumisraelianum correspondem a um interessanteambiente de região estuarina indicando a temperaturasuperficial da água, salinidade, clima quente eúmido da região. Por fim, segue-se a interpretaçãopaleoambiental, conforme o material recuperado eposteriormente analisado. Deste modo, as esp

  11. A Gênese da Culpa: uma mulher em análise manifesta sentimentos a partir do trauma de uma cena em sua infância

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Aparecida da Silveira Brígido; Faculdades EST, São Leopoldo, RS

    2014-01-01

    A análise de uma mulher, que buscou atendimento por não conseguir mais suportar seu sofrimento, trouxe a tona uma recordação de sua infância. A partir de uma situação referida foram sendo enlaçados e significados os fatos atuais de sua vida, que eram os geradores de dores psicológicas intensas. A partir de uma cena vivida na infância e que a marcou de forma intensa a vida da mulher, é possível pensar o tema da c...

  12. Qual metodologia para uma criminologia crítica?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dan Kaminski

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Este ensaio propõe uma abordagem teórico-metodológica que visa fornecer elementos para pensar uma metodologia possível para a criminologia crítica. Sem realizar a polarização « macro-micro » à qual participa a criminologia crítica, pretende-se observar e analisar duas posturas diferentes de pesquisa que utilizam a entrevista com juízes como método de coleta de dados: uma, que pretende arrancar a verdade dos atores, abordados em um processo de cunho investigativo, e, outra, que visa conhecer, numa perspectiva de cunho empático-indutivo, o ponto de vista desses atores diante de uma necessidade eventual de desvendamento de suas práticas. Realiza-se uma crítica ao que podemos chamar de “sociologia do descompasso” e seu projeto correcionalista. Desta maneira, mais do que simplesmente medir e corrigir os descompassos de uma atividade observada, situamos o pesquisador como alguém que pretende compreender o descompasso e entender como os atores lidam com as normas que orientam as suas ações, e, como esses atores as justificam. Destacam-se neste ensaio: o modo como se observa a intersubjetividade na entrevista, o tipo de relação que se pretende ter em um processo de pesquisa, e a própria capacidade reflexiva da sociologia (de observar a si mesma neste processo. 

  13. Post Waterflood CO2 Miscible Flood in Light Oil, Fluvial-Dominated Deltaic Reservoir (Pre-Work and Project Proposal - Appendix)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bou-Mikael, Sami

    2002-02-05

    The main objective of the Port Neches Project was to determine the feasibility and producibility of CO2 miscible flooding techniques enhanced with horizontal drilling applied to a Fluvial Dominated Deltaic reservoir. The second was to disseminate the knowledge gained through established Technology Transfer mechanisms to support DOE's programmatic objectives of increasing domestic oil production and reducing abandonment of oil fields.

  14. Anorexia nervosa: uma revisão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eder Schmidt

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores apresentam uma revisão de alguns pontos de vista com relação à anorexia nervosa. Alinham-se aspectos classificatórios, históricos, clínicos e terapêuticos. Reconhecida como a base para ocorrências místicas na Idade Média, foi entendida como uma apresentação histérica no século XVII, para tornar-se, logo em seguida, objeto das indagações freudianas. Discute-se a anorexia como uma apresentação da estrutura histérica, aqui abordada a partir dos conceitos freudianos sobre histeria, Édipo e feminino, e considerando-se o corpo físico como um mero suporte para articulações simbólicas. Para Freud, a anorexia nervosa seria um quadro pelo qual a histérica exprime sua aversão à sexualidade.

  15. Glacial lake outburst floods and fluvial erosion in the Himalaya - insights from the 2016 Bhote Koshi GLOF

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cook, K. L.; Gimbert, F.; Andermann, C.; Hovius, N.; Adhikari, B. R.

    2017-12-01

    The Himalaya is a region of rapid erosion where fluvial processes are assumed to be driven by precipitation delivered during the annual Indian Summer Monsoon. However, the rivers in this region are also subject to catastrophic floods caused by the failure of glacial lake and landslide dams. Because these floods are rarely observed, it has been difficult to isolate their impact on the rivers and adjacent hillslopes, and their importance for the long-term evolution of Himalayan valleys is largely unknown. In July 2016, the Bhotekoshi/Sunkoshi River in central Nepal was hit by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) that caused substantial changes to the channel bed, banks, and adjacent hillslopes, causing at least 26 landslides and an average of 11 m of channel widening. The flood passed through a seismic and hydrological observatory installed along the river in June 2015, and we have used the resulting data to constrain the timing, duration, and bedload transport properties of the outburst flood. The impact of the flood on the river can be further observed with hourly time-lapse photographs, daily measurements of suspended sediment load, repeat lidar surveys, and satellite imagery. The outburst flood affected the river on several timescales. In the short term, it transported large amounts of coarse sediment and restructured the river bed during the hours of the flood pulse itself. Over intermediate timescales it resulted in elevated bedload and suspended load transport for several weeks following the flood. Over longer timescales the flood undercut and destabilized the river banks and hillslopes in a number of locations, leading to bank collapses, slumps, and landslides. Our data indicate that impacts of the GLOF far exceed those driven by the annual summer monsoon, likely due to extremely coarse sediment that armors much of the channel. The relatively frequent occurrence of GLOFs and the extremely high discharges relative to monsoon floods suggest that GLOFs may

  16. Downstream mixing of sediment and tracers in agricultural catchments: Evidence of changing sediment sources and fluvial processes?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ralph, Timothy; Wethered, Adam; Smith, Hugh; Heijnis, Henk

    2014-05-01

    Land clearance, soil tillage and grazing in agricultural catchments have liberated sediment and altered hydrological connectivity between hillslopes and channels, leading to increased sediment availability, mobilisation and delivery to rivers. The type and amount of sediment supplied to rivers is critical for fluvial geomorphology and aquatic ecosystem health. Contemporary sediment dynamics are routinely investigated using environmental radionuclides such as caesium-137 (Cs-137) and excess lead-210 (Pb-210ex), which can provide information regarding sediment source types and fluvial processes if sediment sources can be distinguished from one another and mixing models applied to representative samples. However, downstream transport, mixing and dilution of radionuclide-labelled sediment (especially from sources with low initial concentrations) can obliterate the tracer signal; sometimes before anything of geomorphological importance happens in the catchment. Can these findings be used as evidence of sediment source variations and fluvial processes when the limits of detection (of Cs-137 in particular) are being exceeded so rapidly downstream? Sediment sources and downstream sediment dynamics were investigated in Coolbaggie Creek, a major supplier of sediment to the Macquarie River in an agricultural catchment with temperate to semi-arid climate in Australia. Radionuclides were used to discriminate between the banks and gullies (Cs-137 1.45 +/- 0.47 Bq/kg; Pb-210ex 4.67 +/- 1.93 Bq/kg). Within the trunk stream, suspended sediment, organic matter and Cs-137 and Pb-210ex concentrations declined downstream. Results from a mixing model suggest that agricultural topsoils account for 95% of fine sediment entering the channel in the upper reach (200 m2) downstream, with channel expansion and gullies contributing fine sediment to the system. A lack of topsoil being supplied to the channel suggests minimal lateral connectivity between the catchment and the trunk stream in all

  17. Matéria orgânica e textura do solo em veredas conservadas e antropizadas no bioma Cerrado Organic matter and texture of the soil in conserved and altered wetlands in the Cerrado biome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo F. de Sousa

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available As veredas são ecossistemas úmidos, geralmente associados a solos hidromórficos e ao afloramento do lençol freático, ocorrendo com frequência nas proximidades das nascentes e cursos d'água da região do Cerrado. Este trabalho objetivou estudar os solos de veredas situadas no bioma Cerrado, em ambientes conservados e antropizados (em áreas agrícolas e de pecuária, por meio da determinação da textura e da matéria orgânica do solo. Três veredas foram selecionadas para amostragem de solo, sendo: uma conservada, circundada por vegetação natural; uma área antropizada, com pastagem em seu entorno e uma outra, também antropizada, com culturas anuais (agricultura em seu entorno. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em diferentes profundidades, ao longo de linhas de referência dispostas segundo sua posição no relevo, nos terços superior, médio e inferior de uma das vertentes, acompanhando de modo aproximado o sentido da linha de drenagem da vereda. Verificou-se que os teores de argila na região inferior do relevo são maiores em ambientes antropizados e os teores de silte são maiores na vereda adjacente à área agrícola. No terço inferior das vertentes os teores de matéria orgânica são menores em veredas adjacentes às áreas com pastagens e agricultura.Veredas (a type of wetland are humid ecosystems, generally associated to hydromorphic soils and shallow water table, which occur frequently in the neighborhood of the springs and watercourses in the Cerrado region. The objective of this work was to study wetland soils located in undisturbed (native forest and disturbed (agriculture and pasture environments by means of determination of the soil texture and organic matter contents. Three wetlands were selected for this study: undisturbed wetland, surrounded by natural vegetation; disturbed wetland, surrounded by pasture areas; and disturbed wetland, surrounded by cultivated areas. Soil samples were collected at three different

  18. Drenagem interna como fator de diferenciação de Latossolos do Distrito Federal The internal drainage as a differentiation factor in Oxisols of Distrito Federal, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Maurício Campos

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência de características físico-hídricas dos solos em atributos diagnóstico de Latossolos. Realizou-se o levantamento de atributos morfológicos, químicos, físicos, mineralógicos e físico-hídricos de cinco perfis de Latossolos Vermelhos (LV e cinco perfis de Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos (LVA petroplínticos, considerados representativos dessa classe de solos no Distrito Federal. Além da caracterização dos atributos diagnóstico, a oscilação do nível freático dos solos foi monitorada por meio de poços de observação de 2,5 m de profundidade, durante um ano. Os Latossolos estudados foram considerados semelhantes química e fisicamente. Contudo, diferiram quanto às caracterizações morfológica e mineralógica, com a presença de horizontes concrecionários e goethita nos LVA. A estabilidade da goethita nesses solos foi influenciada pela oscilação do lençol freático. Constatou-se menor condutividade hidráulica saturada e menor variação da profundidade freática nos LVA, em razão da deficiência de drenagem interna causada pela presença dos horizontes concrecionários. Os LVA apresentam, portanto, menor potencial agrícola que os LV, no Distrito Federal. As características físico-hídricas de Latossolos têm pouca influência sobre atributos diagnóstico, com exceção da mineralogia dos óxidos de ferro, que apresentam os teores de goethita aumentados em condições de baixa drenagem interna.The objective of this work was to determine the influence of soil physicohydric characteristics on Oxisols diagnostic attributes. Morphological, chemical, physical, mineralogical and physicohydric attributes were surveyed in profiles of five Latossolos Vermelhos (Rhodic Haplustox, LV and of five Latosssolos Vermelho-Amarelos (Typic Haplustox, LVA, considered representative of this kind of Oxisols in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Besides the soil diagnostic attributes characterization

  19. Post Waterflood CO2 Miscible Flood in Light Oil, Fluvial-Dominated Deltaic Reservoir (Pre-Work and Project Proposal), Class I

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bou-Mikael, Sami

    2002-02-05

    This project outlines a proposal to improve the recovery of light oil from waterflooded fluvial dominated deltaic (FDD) reservoir through a miscible carbon dioxide (CO2) flood. The site is the Port Neches Field in Orange County, Texas. The field is well explored and well exploited. The project area is 270 acres within the Port Neches Field.

  20. Intervenções urbanas na cidade do Recife: uma igreja no meio do caminho de uma avenida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Domingues Nascimento

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Entre os anos de 1971 e 1973, ocorreu na área central da cidade do Recife uma das mais incisivas intervenções urbanas, com a abertura, o prolongamento e o alargamento da Av. Dantas Barreto no trecho compreendido entre o pátio da Igreja N. S. do Carmo e a Praça Sérgio Loreto, atingindo uma área de quase 4 km2. A justificada para a obra era a necessidade de buscar uma solução capaz de enfrentar o cenário caótico do tráfego de veículos na parte central da cidade e possibilitar uma ligação direta e fluente entre o centro e a zona sul da cidade. A execução dessa obra implicou na demolição do casario de feições coloniais e da Igreja do Bom Jesus dos Martírios, construída entre 1791 e 1796. Os defensores da preservação da Igreja exigiam o seu tombamento como um bem histórico-cultural, pois ela era a única igreja do Brasil totalmente edificada por escravos no Brasil. Esse posicionamento suscitou um embate que foi denominado pelo historiador Denis Bernardes como a “A Batalha dos Martírios”, desvelando no seu decurso a lógica modernizante, fundada nos critérios de uma sociedade típica do capitalismo tardio, que orientou a construção da Av. Dantas Barreto e as políticas municipais no período, possibilitando-nos averiguar, dessa forma, a natureza dos embates suscitados e os seus desdobramentos em seu contexto histórico.

  1. An optical age chronology of late Quaternary extreme fluvial events recorded in Ugandan dambo soils

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahan, S.A.; Brown, D.J.

    2007-01-01

    There is little geochonological data on sedimentation in dambos (seasonally saturated, channel-less valley floors) found throughout Central and Southern Africa. Radiocarbon dating is problematic for dambos due to (i) oxidation of organic materials during dry seasons; and (ii) the potential for contemporary biological contamination of near-surface sediments. However, for luminescence dating the equatorial site and semi-arid climate facilitate grain bleaching, while the gentle terrain ensures shallow water columns, low turbidity, and relatively long surface exposures for transported grains prior to deposition and burial. For this study, we focused on dating sandy strata (indicative of high-energy fluvial events) at various positions and depths within a second-order dambo in central Uganda. Blue-light quartz optically stimulated luminescences (OSL) ages were compared with infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) ages from finer grains in the same sample. A total of 8 samples were dated, with 6 intervals obtained at ???35, 33, 16, 10.4, 8.4, and 5.9 ka. In general, luminescence ages were stratigraphically, geomorphically and ordinally consistent and most blue-light OSL ages could be correlated with well-dated climatic events registered either in Greenland ice cores or Lake Victoria sediments. Based upon OSL age correlations, we theorize that extreme fluvial dambo events occur primarily during relatively wet periods, often preceding humid-to-arid transitions. The optical ages reported in this study provide the first detailed chronology of dambo sedimentation, and we anticipate that further dambo work could provide a wealth of information on the paleohydrology of Central and Southern Africa. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Análise de processo hierárquico para gerir as estradas florestais

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    Robson José de Oliveira

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo hierarquizar os defeitos mais importantes encontrados em duas empresas do setor de estradas florestais, localizadas nos estados de Minas Gerais e Bahia, onde foram aplicados questionários a engenheiros e professores que atuam nesta área. Por meio destes questionários, foram coletados dados sobre quantidade e severidade de sete defeitos - seção transversal inadequada, drenagem lateral imprópria, corrugação, excesso de poeira, buracos, trilha de roda e perda de agregados -, que foram analisados pelo método objetivo denominado Índice de Condição de Rodovias Não Pavimentadas (ICRNP. Com o intuito de garantir uma maior precisão para realizar inferência sobre os defeitos, utilizaram-se as Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA's, listando, assim, por ordem de importância, os problemas mais graves que tornam a malha viária intrafegável. Os resultados mostram que 33% dos trechos analisados necessitam de maior urgência para a realização de manutenção, atingindo a classificação de muito pobre, o que pode causar empecilhos aos usuários desta estrada. Seção transversal inadequada e drenagem lateral imprópria foram os defeitos mais encontrados nas estradas.

  3. Análise de Clientes de uma Distribuidora de Medicamentos

    OpenAIRE

    Sidney Lino Oliveira; Josmária Lima Ribeiro Oliveira

    2004-01-01

    Este artigo trata da análise de clientes por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa para uma distribuidora farmacêutica. O interesse desta análise foi de identificar os principais clientes para estabelecer um relacionamento mais efetivo, e promo- ver a implantação de um sistema logístico que possibilite uma abordagem voltada para o cliente. O estudo de caso foi desenvolvido em uma distribuidora farmacêutica situada em Juiz de Fora/MG que atende à região da Zona da Mata/MG e o estado do Rio de Jane...

  4. Uma proposta conceitual para a medida do grau de competitividade de uma empresa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wagner Cezar Lucato

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma estrutura teórica para a avaliação do grau de competitividade de empresas que atuem no mesmo segmento industrial. Adotando como pressupostos a definição de competitividade empresarial e os conceitos de variáveis competitivas e de perfil competitivo, o presente estudo vai buscar na Análise dos Agrupamentos a fundamentação teórica para propor o conceito de distância competitiva, como a grandeza para medir o grau de competitividade que se pretende determinar. Uma exemplificação prática, ilustrando a aplicação dos conceitos propostos a empresas brasileiras do ramo de autopeças, completa a proposição ora apresentada.

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia - Dissertações Defendidas 1998 - Mestrado - Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1998-01-01

    usado como exemplo o município de Petrópolis, observando-se suas características físicas, sociais e econômicas. Foi selecionada um área representativa do município como piloto para as aplicações em pequena escala, e todo o município como proposta geral. O trabalho propõe uma metodologia de abordagem em captação, processamento e geração de dados que possam ser usados como apoio à gestão do município, dividindo as ações na avaliação de três situações problemáticas, em escalas que vão do detalhe urbano ao território como um todo. Cada situação é detalhada na sua e comentada nos seus resultados. Finalmente, há uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos e uma série de sugestões para que haja prosseguimento do trabalho num nível mais elevado 100 Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ Volume 21 / 1998 Nome: Paula Terezinha Tudesco Macedo de Oliveira Título: Relações entre o Crescimento Urbano e as Características da Drenagem Fluvial no Município de Teresópolis-RJ Orientador: Sandra Baptista da Cunha Resumo: Este estudo foi realizado na bacia do alto rio Paquequer (l35,18 km2, onde situa-se a cidade de Teresópolis-RJ. Avalia o comportamento da rede fluvial no processo de ocupação da cidade, ao longo de 41 anos (1956 a 1996, considerando o crescimento de áreas impermeáveis e os problemas na rede fluvial decorrentes dessa expansão. Analisa, em detalhe, a rede de drenagem da sub-bacia do rio Meudon (3ª. Ordem, exemplificadora das mudanças na geometria do canal e nas condições de drenagem. O trabalho foi dividido em 3 (três itens. A caracterização do ambiente da bacia, relevante para as mudanças das condições de drenagem, foi realizada através do inventário dos elementos que condicionam, direta e/ou indiretamente, a rede de drenagem (relevo, geologia, solo, clima, vegetação, ocupação e uso do solo. A seguir, foi avaliada rede de drenagem quanto às suas características morfológicas (hierarquia e morfometria quanto

  6. Late quaternary evolution of the Meuse fluvial system and its sediment composition : a reconstruction based on bulk sample geochemistry and forward modelling

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tebbens, L.A.

    1999-01-01

    All fluvial systems ultimately drain into alluvial basins, where the weathering products of their upstream drainage areas accumulate over a time-span varying from 10 0to 10 6years. Most silted-up alluvial basins are low-gradient deltas that are

  7. Proposição de uma metodologia para análise de viabilidade econômica de uma usina fotovoltaica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Guedes Almeida Ribeiro

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Uma metodologia para fins didáticos, de estudos de viabilidade econômica de uma usina solar fotovoltaica é proposta. O estudo foi realizado considerando o custo de operação e a instalação no período de 25 anos de uma usina de 3 MWp. A metodologia foi organizada em etapas, desde o estudo da irradiação solar na região, até o estudo de viabilidade econômica do investimento. A metodologia proposta foi validada por meio de um estudo de caso, no qual foram analisados três cenários de investimentos.

  8. Valley-scale morphology drives differences in fluvial sediment budgets and incision rates during contrasting flow regimes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weber, M. D.; Pasternack, G. B.

    2017-07-01

    High-resolution topographic surveys using LiDAR and multibeam sonar can be used to characterize and quantify fluvial change. This study used repeat surveys to explore how topographic change, fluvial processes, sediment budgets, and aggradation and incision rates vary across spatial scales and across two contrasting decadal flow regimes in a regulated gravel/cobble river. A novel method for quantifying digital elevation model uncertainty was developed and applied to a topographic change detection analysis from 2006/2008 to 2014. During this period, which had four modest 3-5 year floods, most sediment was laterally redistributed through bank erosion and channel migration. Erosion primarily occurred in the floodplain (97,000 m3), terraces (80,000 m3), and lateral bars (58,000 m3); while deposition occurred in the adjacent pools (73,000 m3), fast glides (48,000 m3), and runs (36,000 m3). In contrast, significantly higher magnitude and longer duration floods from 1999 to 2006/2008 caused sediment to be displaced longitudinally, with the upstream reaches exporting sediment and the downstream reaches aggrading. The river maintained floodplain connectivity during both periods, despite different processes dominating the type of connectivity. Larger floods promoted overbank scour and avulsion, while smaller floods promoted bank erosion and lateral migration. This study explores and illustrates how the geomorphic response to contrasting flood regimes in a nonuniform river is highly dependent on which landforms are controlling hydraulics.

  9. Para uma abordagem virtuosa do Jornalismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Christofoletti

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available As últimas décadas têm favorecido o crescimento do interesse e dos estudos sobre a ética jornalística. No Brasil e em outras praças, as abordagens deste tema têm sido na maioria das vezes por um caráter deontológico ou utilitarista. Neste artigo, chamamos a atenção para uma perspectiva que privilegie as virtudes como pontos de partida para os debates acerca das condutas dos profissionais. Uma ética das virtudes remete a Aristóteles e aos estoicos, mas vem sendo retomada por autores mais contemporâneos, como Macintyre e Comte-Sponville, entre outros. No jornalismo, esta abordagem não é definitiva ou totalizante, mas contribui para uma compreensão mais ampla da discussão, chamando inclusive a atenção para recomendações éticas úteis, práticas e atuais.

  10. Externalidades: Uma Resenha

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    José Manuel Carvalho Marta

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Trata o presente artigo de uma resenha com autores neoclássicos que apresentam conceitos sobre externalidades em Manuais de Microeconomia. Apresentam-se, também., criticas aos conceitos pesquisados no que diz respeito aos princípios e à pratica do uso de externalidades como referencial para problemas de meio ambiente.

  11. Uma longa viagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Octavio Ianni

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available O texto empreende uma leitura sociohistórica da dramática experiência de uma família de migrantes (a família Parondi do sul rural da Itália para a metrópole industrial de Milão, por meio das vivências conflituosas expressas pelos protagonistas - a mãe, os cinco filhos, suas mulheres -, tal como recriadas no clássico filme neo-realista do diretor italiano Luchino Visconti, Rocco e seus irmãos (Rocco i suoi fratelli, de 1960.The text undertakes a moving historical appraisal of the dramatic experiences faced by a family of migrants (the Parondi family through their move from the rural south of Italy to the industrial metropolis of Milan, pointing out the expressive conflicting lives of the characters the mother, the five male siblings, their women -, just as performed in the classic feature film by neo-realist Italian director Luchino Visconti, Rocco and his brothers ("Rocco i suoi fratelli", of 1960.

  12. Recuperación del paisaje con fines de ocio. Parque fluvial del Jarama. Comunidad de Madrid. España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pinedo, Alejandro

    1990-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper focuses on a rivershore reclamation scheme for an area of the Community of Madrid (Spain. Due to its location not far from the City of Madrid, recreational water based use was proposed as the final use for this disturbed river environment. The reclamation plan proposes the creation of the Jarama River Park (Parque Fluvial del Jarama that would be integrated into the Rivershore Reclamation Program of the Integral Water Plan of Madrid (Plan Integral del Agua en Madrid-PIAM. Several sets of actions are considered for the reclamation of the river and ponds system. Some of them are: — Reclamation of the old railway corridor located along the river. — Reclamation of the river bed and banks. — Reclamation of the Campillo Pond area.

    El plan de recuperación de márgenes y riberas que se describe en el presente artículo, trata de salir al paso y aportar soluciones a los cada vez más frecuentes problemas de restauración y aprovechamiento de terrenos degradados que se plantean en los ámbitos urbanos y periurbano. El plan se localiza geográficamente en un área de la Comunidad de Madrid que posee un alto nivel de degradación y al mismo tiempo un gran potencial recreativo, se trata de el Parque Fluvial del Jarama, situado en el tramo del río Jarama comprendido entre la desembocadura del arroyo de la Vega y la del Manzanares; el Parque Fluvial del Jarama constituye la actuación más ambiciosa dentro del Programa de Recuperación de Márgenes del Plan Integral del Agua en Madrid (PIAM y en él se contemplan una serie de actuaciones que se pueden agrupar en los bloques siguientes: — Restauración de la explanación del ferrocarril. — Restauración y adecuación del cauce y márgenes. — Restauración de la Laguna del Campillo.

  13. Desenvolvimento de uma interface gráfica e de uma base de dados para um dispositivo médico de electrosterapia

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira, Carlos Miguel Brandão

    2011-01-01

    A engenharia biomédica tem evoluído significativamente nas soluções que apresenta, integrando software médico, para o serviço de cuidados de saúde contribuindo, assim, para o aumento da qualidade de vida da população. Este projecto tem como objecto principal a criação de uma interface gráfica de controlo contendo uma base de dados integrada para um dispositivo médico de electroterapia, sendo a electrosterapia uma modalidade da Medicina Física e Reabilitação. O projecto foi desenvolvido de aco...

  14. A chemometric approach to the evaluation of atmospheric and fluvial pollutant inputs in aquatic systems: The Guadalquivir River estuary as a case study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez-Lopez, Jose A.; Garcia-Vargas, Manuel; Moreno, Carlos

    2011-01-01

    To establish the quality of waters it is necessary to identify both point and non-point pollution sources. In this work, we propose the combination of clean analytical methodologies and chemometric tools to study discrete and diffuse pollution caused in a river by tributaries and precipitations, respectively. During a two-year period, water samples were taken in the Guadalquivir river (selected as a case study) and its main tributaries before and after precipitations. Samples were characterized by analysing nutrients, pH, dissolved oxygen, total and volatile suspended solids, carbon species, and heavy metals. Results were used to estimate fluvial and atmospheric inputs and as tracers for anthropic activities. Multivariate analysis was used to estimate the background pollution, and to identify pollution inputs. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used as data exploratory tools, while box-whiskers plots and Linear Discriminant Analysis were used to analyse and distinguish the different types of water samples. - Highlights: → Atmospheric and fluvial inputs of pollutants in Guadalquivir River were identified. → Point (tributary rivers) and non-point sources (rains) were studied. → Nature and extension of anthropogenic pollution in the river were established. - By combining trace environmental analysis and selected chemometric tools atmospheric and fluvial inputs of pollutants in rivers may be identified. The extension of the pollution originated by each anthropic activity developed along the River may be established, as well as the identification of the pollution introduced into the river by the tributary rivers (point sources) and by rains (non-point sources).

  15. CECÍLIA MEIRELES: UMA TRAVESSIA POÉTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Lobo Sáber

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo aponta os traços mais relevantes da obra poética de Cecília Meireles, uma das escritoras mais intensas da literatura brasileira. Investigaremos os aspectos formais e semânticos do poema Motivo, integrante do livro Viagem (1939, que representa a profissão de fé da escritora. Acreditamos que o presente estudo não é válido somente para o campo dos estudos literários, já que uma análise mais atenta acerca da produção de Cecília Meireles pode nos indicar caminhos que levam a uma compreensão mais ampla de nossa própria existência, de nossa própria marcha sobre esta realidade desencantadora e sem horizontes.

  16. Post Waterflood CO2 Miscible Flood in Light Oil, Fluvial-Dominated Deltaic Reservoir (Pre-Work and Project Proposal - Appendix); FINAL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bou-Mikael, Sami

    2002-01-01

    The main objective of the Port Neches Project was to determine the feasibility and producibility of CO2 miscible flooding techniques enhanced with horizontal drilling applied to a Fluvial Dominated Deltaic reservoir. The second was to disseminate the knowledge gained through established Technology Transfer mechanisms to support DOE's programmatic objectives of increasing domestic oil production and reducing abandonment of oil fields

  17. Fluvial terrace formation in the northern Upper Rhine Graben during the last 20 000 years as a result of allogenic controls and autogenic evolution

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Erkens, G.; Dambeck, R.; Volleberg, K.P.; Bouman, M.I.T.J.; Bos, J.A.A.; Cohen, K.M.; Hoek, W.Z.

    2009-01-01

    The northern Upper Rhine Graben hosts a well-preserved Late Weichselian and Holocene fluvial terrace sequence. Terraces differ in elevation, morphology, and overbank sediment characteristics. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of allogenic controlling factors versus

  18. Preliminary technical and economic viability for the implantation of fluvial transport of CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) for barges in Amazon Region; Avaliacao preliminar de viabilidade tecnico-economica para implantacao de transporte fluvial de GNC (Gas Natual Comprimido) por barcacas na Regiao Amazonica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Araujo, Marcos C.C. de; Porto, Paulo L. Lemgruber [Interocean Engenharia e Ship Management, Rio de janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Cunha, Rafael H. da [Metro Rio, RJ (Brazil); Garcia, Rafael M. [Pic Brasil (Brazil); Almeida, Marco A.R. de [Universidade Gama Filho (UGF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2004-07-01

    The isolated regions of the Amazon present difficulties for integration with the electrical system which is creating some economic problems due to the consequent costs of electric generation of subsidies as a function of the fossil fuel use as oils diesel and fuel. A viable option is the use of Natural Gas - NG that is Also available in the region. Its modal of transport possible in the Region North they are for gas-lines or barges. The Compressed Natural Gas transport is distinguished that - CNG for barges was still not tested operationally in Brazil. Soon, to develop a Preliminary Study of Viability Technician - Economic - SVTE for the implantation of fluvial transport of CNG between the cities of Coari and Manaus is basic, therefore it is created strategical alternative for the electric generation in this region. The electric sector, the characteristics of the NG and the transport in this region had been analyzed to support to the work. The gas line and the fluvial transport of CNG for barges in this region are not conflicting, and they in a complementary form can act. The SVTE presented a Liquid Present Value and Internal Tax of very attractive Return justifying its implantation. (author)

  19. Sediment Budget in the Taiwan Strait with High Fluvial Sediment Inputs from Mountainous Rivers: New Observations and Synthesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shuh-Ji Kao

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available The shallow Taiwan Strait at the southern opening of the East China Sea (ECS receives abundant sediments from turbid mountainous rivers in Taiwan. The volume of sediment is among the highest sediment yields on the global surface. This large amount of sediment discharged from modern Taiwan (range: 175 - 380 Mt y-1 based on 50-yr data is comparable to that discharged from Changjaing (500 Mt y-1-decreasing in recent decades, underscoring the importance of sediment budget in the Taiwan Strait and sediment flux from Taiwan into the ECS.We documented fluvial mud and sand concentrations during flash flooding with our observations indicating that fluvial materials in Taiwan¡¦s rivers are chiefly composed of mud (> 70 and up to 98 . By contrast, sand fraction dominates (> 85 for most stations surface sediments in the Taiwan Strait. Super typhoon Herb alone delivered 130 Mt of sediments from Choshui, the largest river in Taiwan, yet only insignificant amounts of mud were found at the river mouth six months later. The actions of waves, tides, and currents apparently prevent the deposition of fine grained sediments. Assuming sand occupied 30 (the maximum of the 60 Mt y-1 total sediment input from major western Taiwanese rivers, our annual budget estimate shows that the amount of sand input (18 5 Mt y-1 is comparable to the burial output of sand (12 10 Mt y-1. However, mud burial (6 5 Mt y-1 in the strait is far below the estimated mud input (42 11 Mt y-1, resulting in a significant shortfall. Hydrodynamic conditions were synthesized to explain the distribution pattern of limited mud patches in the strait and to reveal potential pathways by which fine-grain sediment transportation takes place in the seas surrounding Taiwan. A significant shortfall in the mud budget in the Taiwan Strait suggests that ~85 of the fluvial mud left the strait. Alternatively, the 50-year modern sediment flux data used in this study reflects exacerbated sediment flux due to human

  20. Post Waterflood CO2 Miscible Flood in Light Oil, Fluvial-Dominated Deltaic Reservoir (Pre-Work and Project Proposal), Class I; FINAL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bou-Mikael, Sami

    2002-01-01

    This project outlines a proposal to improve the recovery of light oil from waterflooded fluvial dominated deltaic (FDD) reservoir through a miscible carbon dioxide (CO2) flood. The site is the Port Neches Field in Orange County, Texas. The field is well explored and well exploited. The project area is 270 acres within the Port Neches Field

  1. Uma canção para Capitu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcio Ronei Cravo Soares

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo pretende lançar um olhar sobre a personagem machadiana Capitu, do livro Dom Casmurro. A partir da referência literária, pretendemos revelar de que maneira(s a personagem está presente em descrições de uma outra modalidade discursiva: a música. Em declarada alusão à personagem, o professor, músico e pesquisador Luiz Tatit compôs, nos anos 1990, a canção Capitu, da qual desejamos realizar uma audição à luz, evidentemente, do livro Dom Casmurro. Ao propor uma semiótica da canção, Tatit apresenta um sistema de análise verbo-musical em que palavra e melodia formam uma unidade inalienável, contribuindo com o(s sentido(s da canção. Trabalharemos com os diagramas criados pelo autor, um tipo de partitura musical utilizada no lugar da escrita tradicional feita no pentagrama. Interessa a este artigo, enfim, apontar alguns traços descritivos da personagem cancional Capitu, composta por Tatit, em busca de possíveis relações de aproximação ou distanciamento entre os discursos literário e musical.

  2. IUE observations of W UMa-type stars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rucinski, S.M.; Vilhu, O.

    1983-01-01

    IUE (International Ultraviolet Explorer) low-resolution SWP images of the contract binaries 44i Boo, VW Cep, W UMa, V566 Oph, AW UMa, V502 Oph, epsilon CrA, RR Cen and the very close non-contact binary ER Vul have been studied. The results are compared with other UV and soft X-ray data and it is found that the stellar activity within this group is quite similar to solar activity but much more intense; the higher the general level of activity, the higher are the excitation energies that are seen, except that the soft X-ray emission of the W UMa stars does not conform to this picture. The ultraviolet chromospheric and transition-region normalized line fluxes (fsub(line)/fsub(bol)) are not very sensitive to spectral type and orbital period among W UMa stars. However, a small weakening towards earlier spectral types is evident. The far ultraviolet chromospheric and transition-region activity seems to level off towards short periods; for soft X-rays the coronal radiation of contact binaries is actually weaker than for detached binaries with somewhat longer periods. The C IV emission variations with phase in 44i Boo have also been analysed. (author)

  3. Revista Barroco: o lugar de uma arte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evandro de Sousa

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available A revista Barroco, fundada em 1969 pelo poeta e ensaísta mineiro Affonso Ávila, nasce com a intenção de cumprir o valor de uma “ciência” que abarcasse o fenômeno/arte Barroca: a barrocologia 2. Ao propor isto na apresentação da primeira edição da revista, Ávila ainda enuncia que a revista não se quer meramente documental e erudita, mas quer se situar em uma “atualidade crítica” 3, não cerceando a matéria barroca a um período exclusivo, mas impor uma leitura em um outro contexto: o mineiro. Impõe assim um olhar do barroco enquanto fenômeno universal, para assim compreendê-lo em seu contexto brasileiro, em suas matrizes e desdobramentos.

  4. A TRANSFORMAÇÃO SOCIAL DE UMA FERRAMENTA ESTRATÉGICA EM UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO FAMILIAR BRASILEIRA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eros Renato Silva Cardoso

    Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o fenômeno de transformação de um software, com potencial para ser uma ferramenta estratégica, pelas construções sociais dos atores inseridos em uma organização familiar brasileira. Defende-se que as ferramentas estratégicas podem ser transformadas pelas construções sociais de seus usuários articuladas nos contextos em que estão inseridos. Para compreender o fenômeno dessas transformações nas ferramentas estratégicas, discute-se a temática da construção social nas organizações, reconhecendo as implicações das especificidades sociais das organizações familiares. Esta pesquisa trouxe uma abordagem fenomenológica do mundo social de Schütz. O lócus do estudo foi uma organização familiar do setor de vendas de equipamentos comerciais no estado do Espírito Santo - Brasil. A coleta de dados se deu a partir de dezessete entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e pesquisa documental. A análise dos dados foi inspirada no método fenomenológico. A justificativa deste trabalho está em contribuir para preencher lacunas de pesquisa sobre a transformação das ferramentas estratégicas no “fazer estratégia” em uma ótica socialmente construída, por meio de articulações teóricas e empíricas. Como resultados, questões como o despreparo, o feeling, as redes de motivos e interesses, as imposições, as heranças do contexto, as tentativas (de manutenção de práticas, a experiência de vida do indivíduo e interesses organizacionais, entre outras, evidenciaram que as transformações da ferramenta foram causadas pelas redes de motivos e interesses, tanto institucionais quanto específicos dos atores sociais, imersos em construções sociais no contexto.

  5. Licere: uma revista brasileira de lazer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helder Ferreira Isayama

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available “Licere: Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer/UFMG” é um periódico trimestral, lançado em 1998, dedicado a discutir a temática lazer em suas múltiplas dimensões, a partir de uma ótica multidisciplinar. Nesse artigo não pretendemos fazer uma apresentação dos “números” que marcam sua trajetória (acesso, artigos recebidos, artigos recusados etc., mas sim entabular uma refl exão sobre seus caminhos, que têm relação com a própria conformação dos Estudos do Lazer no Brasil. O olhar que lançamos é fruto não só de nossa experiência como editores, mas também do que observamos como autores e pareceristas de outras revistas, notadamente daquelas relacionadas às Ciências do Esporte, com as quais Licere possui relações em função de coincidências históricas.

  6. Fractal geometry of the drainage network of the Caeté river watershed, Alfredo Wagner-SC

    OpenAIRE

    Vestena, Leandro Redin; Kobiyama, Masato

    2010-01-01

    Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar e avaliar a dimensão fractal da rede de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica do Caeté, em Alfredo Wagner, SC, a partir de diferentes métodos, com o propósito de caracterizar as formas geomorfológicas irregulares. A rede de drenagem apresenta propriedades multifractais. As dimensões fractais para os segmentos individuais (df) e para a rede de drenagem inteira (Df) foram determinadas por métodos que se fundamentaram nas razões de Horton e pelo método da conta...

  7. Quaternary Morphodynamics of Fluvial Dispersal Systems Revealed: The Fly River, PNG, and the Sunda Shelf, SE Asia, simulated with the Massively Parallel GPU-based Model 'GULLEM'

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aalto, R. E.; Lauer, J. W.; Darby, S. E.; Best, J.; Dietrich, W. E.

    2015-12-01

    During glacial-marine transgressions vast volumes of sediment are deposited due to the infilling of lowland fluvial systems and shallow shelves, material that is removed during ensuing regressions. Modelling these processes would illuminate system morphodynamics, fluxes, and 'complexity' in response to base level change, yet such problems are computationally formidable. Environmental systems are characterized by strong interconnectivity, yet traditional supercomputers have slow inter-node communication -- whereas rapidly advancing Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology offers vastly higher (>100x) bandwidths. GULLEM (GpU-accelerated Lowland Landscape Evolution Model) employs massively parallel code to simulate coupled fluvial-landscape evolution for complex lowland river systems over large temporal and spatial scales. GULLEM models the accommodation space carved/infilled by representing a range of geomorphic processes, including: river & tributary incision within a multi-directional flow regime, non-linear diffusion, glacial-isostatic flexure, hydraulic geometry, tectonic deformation, sediment production, transport & deposition, and full 3D tracking of all resulting stratigraphy. Model results concur with the Holocene dynamics of the Fly River, PNG -- as documented with dated cores, sonar imaging of floodbasin stratigraphy, and the observations of topographic remnants from LGM conditions. Other supporting research was conducted along the Mekong River, the largest fluvial system of the Sunda Shelf. These and other field data provide tantalizing empirical glimpses into the lowland landscapes of large rivers during glacial-interglacial transitions, observations that can be explored with this powerful numerical model. GULLEM affords estimates for the timing and flux budgets within the Fly and Sunda Systems, illustrating complex internal system responses to the external forcing of sea level and climate. Furthermore, GULLEM can be applied to most ANY fluvial system to

  8. Paleogeographic and Depositional Model for the Neogene fluvial succession, Pishin Belt Northwest Pakistan

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kasi, Aimal Khan; Kassi, Akhtar Muhammad; Umar, Muhammad

    2017-01-01

    Miocene subaerial sedimentation started after the final closure of Katawaz Remnant Ocean. Based on detailed field data twelve facies were recognized in Neogene successions exposed in Pishin Belt. These facies were further organized into four facies associations i.e. channels, crevasse splay, natural levee...... and floodplain facies associations. Facies associations and variations provided ample evidences to recognize number of fluvial architectural components in the succession e.g., low-sinuosity sandy braided river, mixed-load meandering, high-sinuosity meandering channels, single-story sandstone and/or conglomerate...... channels, lateral accretion surfaces (point bars) and alluvial fans. Neogene sedimentation in the Pishin Belt was mainly controlled by active tectonism and thrusting in response to oblique collision of the Indian Plate with Afghan Block of the Eurasian Plate along the Chaman-Nushki Fault. Post Miocene...

  9. Processo de intervenção junto à professora de geografia e professoras especialistas para favorecer a aprendizagem de uma aluna com surdocegueira : uma pesquisa colaborativa

    OpenAIRE

    Shirley Alves Godoy

    2015-01-01

    Esta pesquisa objetivou desenvolver um processo de intervenção por meio de uma pesquisa colaborativa, junto a uma professora regente da área de Geografia e duas especialistas em Educação Especial utilizando a cartografia tátil para favorecer a aprendizagem de uma aluna com surdocegueira/ASC, no 2º ano do ensino médio em uma escola pública no norte do Paraná. Os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa estão sustentados nos fundamentos da educação inclusiva, especialmente no que tange à importância d...

  10. Inputs and Fluvial Transport of Pharmaceutical Chemicals in An Urban Watershed

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foster, G. D.; Shala, L.

    2006-05-01

    Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are classes of emerging chemical contaminants thought to enter the aquatic environment primarily through wastewater treatment plant (WTP) discharges. As the use of drugs is expected to rise with the aging demographics of the human population and with more river water being diverted to meet potable water demands, the presence of PPCPs in surface water is becoming an issue of public concern. The intent of our study was to quantify potential WTP inputs of PPCPs to rivers in the Wasington, DC (USA) region, and to investigate the fluvial transport of PPCPs in the Anacostia River (AR), the mainstem of a highly contaminated urban watershed in Washington, DC. The approach was to sample WTP water at various stages of treatment, and to measure seasonal concentrations of PPCPs in fluvial transport in the AR. Surface water from the AR was collected through the use of automated samplers during normal flow and storm flow regimes near the head of tide of the AR, just upstream from the confluence of the Northeast (NE) and Northwest (NW) Branches, the two prominent drainages in the watershed. The water samples were filtered to separate river particles from water, and the filtered water was extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The filters were extracted by sonication in methanol. The SPE and filter extracts were analyzed for a group of widely distributed PPCPs as trimethylsilyl derivatives by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The most frequently detected PPCPs at WTPs included ibuprofen, caffeine, naproxen and triclosan, which ranged from 45 μg/L (caffeine) to 5 μg/L (triclosan) in WTP influent and from 0.08 μg/L (triclosan) to 0.02 μg/L (ibuprofen) in effluent water. Similar PPCPs were detected in both the NE and NW Branches of the AR, but higher concentrations on average were observed in the NE Branch, which receives WTP effluent upstream from the sampling point. The incidence of PPCPs correlated

  11. Which DEM is best for analyzing fluvial landscape development in mountainous terrains?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boulton, Sarah J.; Stokes, Martin

    2018-06-01

    Regional studies of fluvial landforms and long-term (Quaternary) landscape development in remote mountain landscapes routinely use satellite-derived DEM data sets. The SRTM and ASTER DEMs are the most commonly utilised because of their longer availability, free cost, and ease of access. However, rapid technological developments mean that newer and higher resolution DEM data sets such as ALOS World 3D (AW3D) and TanDEM-X are being released to the scientific community. Geomorphologists are thus faced with an increasingly problematic challenge of selecting an appropriate DEM for their landscape analyses. Here, we test the application of four medium resolution DEM products (30 m = SRTM, ASTER, AW3D; 12 m = TanDEM-X) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a fluvial mountain landscape using the Dades River catchment (High Atlas Mountains, Morocco). This landscape comprises significant DEM remote sensing challenges, notably a high mountain relief, steep slopes, and a deeply incised high sinuosity drainage network with narrow canyon/gorge reaches. Our goal was to see which DEM produced the most representative best fit drainage network and meaningful quantification. To achieve this, we used ArcGIS and Stream Profiler platforms to generate catchment hillshade and slope rasters and to extract drainage network, channel long profile and channel slope, and area data. TanDEM-X produces the clearest landscape representation but with channel routing errors in localised high relief areas. Thirty-metre DEMs are smoother and less detailed, but the AW3D shows the closest fit to the real drainage network configuration. The TanDEM-X elevation values are the closest to field-derived GPS measurements. Long profiles exhibit similar shapes but with minor differences in length, elevation, and the degree of noise/smoothing, with AW3D producing the best representation. Slope-area plots display similarly positioned slope-break knickpoints with modest differences in steepness and concavity

  12. O GRAU ZERO DO CORPO: UMA SUGESTÃO DE ESCRITURA QUEER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Moura

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo dialoga com uma pesquisa teórico-prática, que tem o corpo como objeto fundamentado por questões de gênero, transculturação, política, dramaturgia e artivismo; associados às noções sobre as masculinidades do cabra macho nordestino e o dançarino flamenco. Sustento, a partir disso, como objetivo, uma ideia de corpo transcultulrado como possibilidade de pensar o grau zero do corpo em uma sugestão de escritura, inicialmente chamada de escritura queer. Esta sugestão emerge da observação de como o corpo, local de acontecimento dos eventos dos textos discutidos, está diretamente implicado: seja por uma construção de personagem no desenvolver de uma narrativa, ou mesmo como sujeito das relações sugeridas pelo espaço físico, onde o corpo é o centro de uma produção de subjetividade, bem como fundador de uma poética. A segunda parte deste artigo cria uma relação entre a sugestão de grau zero do corpo, verificada nas referências iniciais e a minha pesquisa sobre corpo transculturado, como uma possibilidade de compreensão de grau zero pela via direta do corpo, tendo a performance Protocolo.doc como uma poética que exercita na prática, as reflexões lançadas neste artigo. A justificativa desta escrita, leva em consideração o fato de poder compreender melhor o meio e os processos de produção de subjetividades, por via da desterritorialidade e reterritorialidade. Portanto, este artigo diz respeito ao modo pelo qual a dissidência de gênero pode se manifestar numa performance de dança, com o intuito maior de apresentar uma projeção na compreensão dos fenômenos, do que elaborar conteúdos sobre eles. Tratando-se do favorecimento das noções no lugar dos conceitos, inaugurando linhas originais de indagação para os caminhos a serem desvendados na construção do conhecimento.

  13. Drenagem anômala total das veias pulmonares: terapêutica cirúrgica dos tipos anatômicos infracardíaco e misto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Atik Fernando Antibas

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar a evolução hospitalar em portadores de drenagem anômala total de veias pulmonares (DATVP, nas formas infracardíaca e mista, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: De 65 pacientes operados com o diagnóstico isolado de DATVP, de dezembro/1993 a março/2002, foram selecionados, retrospectivamente, 7 (10,8% pacientes das formas mista e infradiafragmática, sendo 5 (71,4% do sexo masculino, idades variando de 5 dias a 19 (média de 7 meses, com diagnóstico clínico feito pelo ecocardiograma bidimensional. Quatro (57,1% pacientes apresentavam formas mistas, em um, obstrutiva intrínseca, com estenose discreta da veia inferior esquerda. Os restantes três (42,9% apresentavam a forma infradiafragmática obstrutiva, extrínseca ao nível do diafragma. Todas as operações foram realizadas através de esternotomia mediana, sob circulação extracorpórea hipotérmica com parada circulatória total em 2 casos. RESULTADOS: Óbito hospitalar ocorreu em 1 paciente com DATVP infradiafragmática com conexão da veia vertical inferior com a veia porta. A causa mortis foi relacionada à falência de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas. O pós-operatório foi caracterizado pela presença de baixo débito cardíaco e hipertensão pulmonar em 4 (57,1% pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: O resultado da correção cirúrgica desta anomalia está associado à morbidade e mortalidade aceitáveis, na dependência do encaminhamento e tratamento cirúrgico precoces, sem progressão do quadro de hipertensão vascular pulmonar.

  14. Contrasting styles of aeolian, fluvial and marine interaction in the Cutler Group of the Paradox Basin, SE Utah, USA

    OpenAIRE

    Wakefield, Oliver; Mountney, Nigel

    2017-01-01

    The Permian-Pennsylvanian Cutler Group of the Paradox foreland basin of southeast Utah is characterised by a variety of styles of interaction between coeval aeolian, fluvial and marine environments that have resulted in the generation and preservation of a complex suite of stratal architectures. Detailed 3D architectural element analysis has enabled the nature of these interactions to be interpreted in order to constrain both the spatial and temporal scale over which competing ...

  15. Como continuaram os processos civilizadores: rumo a uma informalização dos comportamentos e a uma personalidade de terceira natureza

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wouters, Cas|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/069527172

    2012-01-01

    Baseado em uma análise de livros de boas maneiras, datados desde 1890, em quatro países ocidentais, este artigo descreve como "processos civilizadores" continuaram nos séculos XIX e XX. O artigo concentra-se, primeiro, em três funções centrais de uma "boa sociedade" e de seu código de costumes e

  16. Letramento: uma aprendizagem mais significativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiane Carvalho Mendonça Blanco

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo expõe a pesquisa realizada sobre Letramento: uma aprendizagem mais significativa teve como questão norteadora as muitas reflexões sobre o que pode ser feito para tornar o processo do contato inicial da criança com o letramento em um momento mais significativo e democrático, de modo que a criança se sinta sujeito de sua aprendizagem. Diante disso, foi observada uma turma de primeiro ano da Escola Municipal de Educação Básica Jardim Paraíso, no Município de Sinop – MT, e a professora regente desta turma, teve como abordagem teórica o estudo de Magda Soares. Por meio de uma entrevista e observações, foi possível conhecer quais os materiais didáticos que são utilizados em sala de aula e como os alunos interagem com este material. O caminho metodológico utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa, mais especificamente o Estudo de Caso. Constatou-se que a alfabetização só tem sentido em um contexto de letramento e por meio de atividades de letramento, este, por sua vez, só pode desenvolver-se por meio da aprendizagem do sistema de escrita.Palavras-chave: educação; ensino fundamental; letramento; professora e crianças; pesquisa descritiva; Magda Soares.

  17. Climate-sensitive feedbacks between hillslope processes and fluvial erosion in sediment-driven incision models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Skov, Daniel S.; Egholm, David L.

    2016-04-01

    Surface erosion and sediment production seem to have accelerated globally as climate cooled in the Late Cenozoic, [Molnar, P. 2004, Herman et al 2013]. Glaciers emerged in many high mountain ranges during the Quaternary, and glaciation therefore represents a likely explanation for faster erosion in such places. Still, observations and measurements point to increases in erosion rates also in landscapes where erosion is driven mainly by fluvial processes [Lease and Ehlers (2013), Reusser (2004)]. Flume experiments and fieldwork have shown that rates of incision are to a large degree controlled by the sediment load of streams [e.g. Sklar and Dietrich (2001), Beer and Turowski (2015)]. This realization led to the formulation of sediment-flux dependent incision models [Sklar and Dietrich (2004)]. The sediment-flux dependence links incision in the channels to hillslope processes that supply sediment to the channels. The rates of weathering and soil transport on the hillslopes are processes that are likely to respond to changing temperatures, e.g. because of vegetation changes or the occurrence of frost. In this study, we perform computational landscape evolution experiments, where the coupling between fluvial incision and hillslope processes is accounted for by coupling a sediment-flux-dependent model for fluvial incision to a climate-dependent model for weathering and hillslope sediment transport. The computational experiments first of all demonstrate a strong positive feedback between channel and hillslope processes. In general, faster weathering leads to higher rates of channel incision, which further increases the weathering rates, mainly because of hillslope steepening. Slower weathering leads to the opposite result. The experiments also demonstrate, however, that the feedbacks vary significantly between different parts of a drainage network. For example, increasing hillslope sediment production may accelerate incision in the upper parts of the catchment, while at

  18. Sedimentary architecture and optical dating of Middle and Late Pleistocene Rhine-Meuse deposits - Fluvial response to climate change, sea-level fluctuation and glaciation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Busschers, F.S.; Weerts, H.J.T.; Wallinga, J.; Cleveringa, P.; Kasse, C.; Wolf, H.de; Cohen, K.M.

    2005-01-01

    Eight continuous corings in the west-central Netherlands show a 15 to 25 m thick stacked sequence of sandy to gravelly channel-belt deposits of the Rhine-Meuse system. This succession of fluvial sediments was deposited under net subsiding conditions in the southern part of the North Sea Basin and

  19. Sedimentary architecture and optical dating of Middle and Late Pleistocene Rhine-Meuse deposits fluvial response to climate change, sea-level fluctuation and glaciation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Busschers, F.S.; Weerts, H.J.T.; Wallinga, J.; Kasse, C.; Cleveringa, P.; de Wolf, H.; Cohen, K.M.

    2005-01-01

    Eight continuous corings in the west-central Netherlands show a 15 to 25 m thick stacked sequence of sandy to gravelly channel-belt deposits of the Rhine-Meuse system. This succession of fluvial sediments was deposited under net subsiding conditions in the southern part of the North Sea Basin and

  20. Multi-scale tectonic controls on fluvial terrace formation in a glacioeustatically-dominated river system: inference from the lower Min¿o terrace record

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Viveen, W.

    2013-01-01

    The general aim of this thesis is to untangle the interacting effects of climate, glacioeustacy, and regional, and local tectonics on fluvial terrace formation. The NW Iberian lower Miño River valley was chosen as a study site, because for this region, a very detailed, long-term,