Study of the influence of the cool-down speed at the dew-point level of the readings of the dew-point temperature; Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Abkuehlgeschwindigkeit am Taupunktspiegel auf Messwerte der Taupunkttemperatur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bogoya, J.D. [Univ. Nacional de Colombia (Colombia); Mueller, C. [Inst. fuer Technische Thermodynamik und Kaeltetechnik, Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany); Oellrich, L.R. [Inst. fuer Technische Thermodynamik und Kaeltetechnik, Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany)

1995-09-01

The impact of the cool-down speed at the dew-point mirror on the behaviour of the readings of dew-point temperature of nitrogen-water mixtures has been investigated with the focus on mixtures with low water content. For this purpose a commercial dew-point mirror was equipped with a refrigerating device in order to cool the mirror surface. Moreover a data acquisition system was connected for the measurement of the rates of cooling. Via a control valve in the refrigerant cycle rates of cooling of about 1 to 35 C/min could be chosen. With a saturation system saturation conditions could be varied in the pressure range from 5 to 90 bar and in the temperature range from +10 to -15 C. The measuring instrument was continuously supplied with the gas mixture. The measurements were carried out under constant volume flow of the carrier gas. The results are discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Einfluss der Abkuehlgeschwindigkeit am Taupunktspiegel auf die Lage der Messwerte der Taupunkttemperaturen von Stickstoff/Wasser-Gemischen wurde speziell im Bereich niedriger Wassergehalte untersucht. Dazu wurde ein kommerzieller Taupunktspiegel zur Kuehlung der Spiegeloberflaeche mit einer Kaeltemaschine ausgestattet und eine Messwerterfassung, mit der Abkuehlgeschwindigkeiten ermittelt werden konnte, angeschlossen. Ueber ein Regelventil im Kaeltemittelkreislauf konnten Abkuehlgeschwindigkeiten von ca. 1 bis 35 C/min eingestellt werden. Ueber eine Saettigungsanlage wurden Saettigungsbedingungen im Druckbereich von 5 bis 90 bar und im Temperaturbereich von +10 bis -15 C variiert und das Messgeraet kontinuierlich mit Gasgemisch versorgt. Die Messungen wurden bei konstantem Volumenstrom des Traegergases durchgefuehrt. Die Messergebisse werden diskutiert. (orig.)

Einfluss von Thujonen und Omeprazol auf die Aktivität der glatten Muskelzelle im Ileum der Ratte

OpenAIRE

Huhnstock, Stefan

2010-01-01

Untersucht wurde der Einfluss von Thujonen (α Thujon, αβThujon, natürliches Mischthujon) und Omeprazol auf die Ruheaktivität, den Basaltonus, die pharmakologisch vorstimulierte glatte Muskulatur ,sowie die elektrisch induzierte Kontraktionen und die elektrisch induzierte Relaxation unter nicht-adrenergen nicht-cholinergen Bedingungen an der glatten Muskelzelle im Ileum von Ratten. Auf die Ruheaktivität und den Basaltonus hatten die Substanzen keinen Einfluss. Thujone hatten einen signifikante...

Urban DEM generation, analysis and enhancements using TanDEM-X

Science.gov (United States)

Rossi, Cristian; Gernhardt, Stefan

2013-11-01

This paper analyzes the potential of the TanDEM-X mission for the generation of urban Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The high resolution of the sensors and the absence of temporal decorrelation are exploited. The interferometric chain and the problems encountered for correct mapping of urban areas are analyzed first. The operational Integrated TanDEM-X Processor (ITP) algorithms are taken as reference. The ITP main product is called the raw DEM. Whereas the ITP coregistration stage is demonstrated to be robust enough, large improvements in the raw DEM such as fewer percentages of phase unwrapping errors, can be obtained by using adaptive fringe filters instead of the conventional ones in the interferogram generation stage. The shape of the raw DEM in the layover area is also shown and determined to be regular for buildings with vertical walls. Generally, in the presence of layover, the raw DEM exhibits a height ramp, resulting in a height underestimation for the affected structure. Examples provided confirm the theoretical background. The focus is centered on high resolution DEMs produced using spotlight acquisitions. In particular, a raw DEM over Berlin (Germany) with a 2.5 m raster is generated and validated. For this purpose, ITP is modified in its interferogram generation stage by adopting the Intensity Driven Adaptive Neighbourhood (IDAN) algorithm. The height Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the raw DEM and a reference is about 8 m for the two classes defining the urban DEM: structures and non-structures. The result can be further improved for the structure class using a DEM generated with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry. A DEM fusion is thus proposed and a drop of about 20% in the RMSE is reported.

Pollutants from road traffic and breathing problems in children; Schadstoffe aus dem Strassenverkehr und Atemwegsbeschwerden bei Kindern

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mutius, E. von [Muenchen Univ. (Germany). Dr. von Haunersche Kinderklinik

1996-06-01

So far, there ave been few studies on measurable health effects of emissions from road traffic. An analysis of the available studies yields no clear indication of a relationship between road traffic emissions and the incidence of asthma and allergies in infants. On the other hand, there are no valid data on individual pollutant exposure of infants in the framework of epidemiological studies which take account of other influencing factors.(orig./MG) [Deutsch] Der Frag, ob eine Schadstoffbelastung durch den Strassenverkehr einen messbaren schaedigenden Effekt auf die menschliche Gesundheit hat, ist bislang in wenigen Studien nachgegangen worden. Analysiert man die vorliegenden Studien, ergibt sich derzeit kein eindeutiger Hinweis auf einen starken Zusammenhang zwischen der Strassenverkehrsbelastung und dem Auftreten von Asthma und Allergien beim Kind. Allerdings fehlt es an validen Daten zur individuellen Schadstoffexposition bei Kindern im Rahmen epidemiologischer Studien, ie eine Beruecksichtigung anderer Einfluss- und Stoervariablen erlauben. (orig/MG)

Der Einfluss von Alitretinoin auf die Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit schwerem chronischen Handekzem: FUGETTA - Beobachtungsstudie unter Praxisbedingungen.

Science.gov (United States)

Augustin, Matthias; Thaçi, Diamant; Kamps, Anja

2016-12-01

Alitretinoin ist die einzige zugelassene Behandlung für schweres chronisches Handekzem (CHE), das refraktär gegenüber potenten topischen Corticosteroiden ist. Bei dieser Studie (FUGETTA) wurde die Wirksamkeit von leitliniengerecht angewendetem oralem Alitretinoin sowie dessen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität (LQ) bei Patienten mit schwerem refraktärem CHE beurteilt. Multizentrische, offene, nichtinterventionelle Beobachtungsstudie, durchgeführt in Deutschland. Die Patienten wurden nach Ermessen ihres behandelnden Arztes mit Alitretinoin 10 mg oder 30 mg einmal täglich über maximal 24 Wochen behandelt. Die Wirksamkeit wurde anhand des Physician Global Assessment (PGA) und des Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) bewertet. Zudem wurden unerwünschte Ereignisse (UE) erfasst. Die Studienpopulation bestand aus 658 Patienten (30 mg: n = 581; 10 mg: n = 77). Bei Beobachtungsbeginn litten die meisten Patienten (83 %) gemäß PGA an einem schweren CHE. Bei Beobachtungsende war das Handekzem bei 48 % der Patienten gemäß PGA vollständig oder fast vollständig abgeheilt (30 mg: 49 %; 10 mg: 43 %). Die mittlere Verbesserung des DLQI-Scores in Woche 24 betrug 58 % (30 mg: mittlere [SD] Veränderung gegenüber dem Ausgangswert -10,4 [8,04]) und 70 % (10 mg: mittlere [SD] Veränderung gegenüber dem Ausgangswert -10,8 [7,29]). Die Gesamtinzidenz von NW war niedrig und in den beiden Gruppen ähnlich. Alitretinoin führte zu einer schnellen, deutlichen Verbesserung der LQ bei Patienten mit schwerem CHE. © 2016 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Derelict radioactivity in Rhineland-Palatinate: A first report; Herrenlose Radioaktivitaet in Rheinland-Pfalz. Ein erster Bericht ueber das Ausmass, die Massnahmen und die Folgen fuer die Behoerden und den Strahlenschutz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steiner, J. [Landesamt fuer Umweltschutz und Gewerbeaufsicht Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz (Germany)

2001-07-01

Following of theft of a radioactive source and radioactively contaminated material from the Reprocessing Plant Karlsruhe (WAK), persons, flats and vehicles in the Federal State of Rhineland-Palatinate were grossly contaminated. The article gives quantitative information about kind and height of the contaminations and describes the actions, measurements and measures taken by the radiation protection staff members in this extraordinary case. (orig.) [German] Nach dem Diebstahl einer Strahlenquelle und von kontaminiertem Material aus der Wiederaufarbeitungsanlage Karlsruhe (WAK) wurden im Bundesland Rheinland-Pfalz Personen, Wohnungen und Fahrzeuge stark kontaminiert. Der Aufsatz gibt zahlmaessige Angaben ueber die Art und Hoehe der Kontaminationen und beschreibt die Vorgehensweise bei den Messungen und die Massnahmen, die vom Strahlenschutz in diesem aussergewoehnlichen Fall getroffen werden mussten. (orig.)

Anti-coal export strategy. Expedient in terms of global climate protection?; Anti-Kohle-Exportstrategie. Zielfuehrend im Sinne des globalen Klimaschutzes?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Umbach, Frank [King' s College, London (United Kingdom). European Centre for Energy and Resource Security (EUCERS)

2016-05-15

The German Environment Ministry had joined in the summer of 2014 the European and American trend, to stop in future the total financial support for the technology export of coal power plants. This disinvestment movement considerable face the opposition especially in developing countries, which are offered alternatives mainly on Chinese investment. In addition to the resulting far-reaching economic implications for Western companies, this development has an increasing expiry of the geopolitical influence of Europe and the United States to follow. Furthermore speak climate policy reasons against the end of the export credit financing. Overall, this development, prevents to achieve the widely shared climate policy goals because a lot of new and existing capacities can not be realized on the latest state of the art. [German] Das deutsche Umweltministerium hatte sich im Sommer 2014 dem europaeischen und US-amerikanischen Trend angeschlossen, kuenftig die gesamte finanzielle Unterstuetzung fuer den Technologieexport von Kohlekraftwerken einzustellen. Diese Desinvestment-Bewegung stoesst insbesondere in Entwicklungslaendern auf erheblichen Widerstand, denen sich vor allem ueber chinesische Investments Alternativen bieten. Neben den sich daraus ergebenden weitreichenden wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen fuer westliche Unternehmen hat diese Entwicklung einen zunehmenden Verfall des geopolitischen Einflusses Europas und der USA zur Folge. Darueber hinaus sprechen auch klimapolitische Gruende gegen das Ende der Exportkreditfinanzierungen. Insgesamt verhindert diese Entwicklung, die allgemein geteilten klimapolitischen Zielsetzungen zu erreichen, da viele neue und existierende Kapazitaeten nicht auf dem modernsten Stand der Technik realisiert werden.

Genotypical and environmental variability of fibre productivity and quality of linseed genotypes with a view to oil and short fibre utilization. Final report; Genotypische und umweltbedingte Variabilitaet der Faserleistung und -qualitaet von Oelleingenotypen im Hinblick auf die Nutzung von Oel und Kurzfaser. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diepenbrock, W.; Rennebaum, H.; Grimm, E.

1999-10-01

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) was analyzed for combined utilization of oil and fibres. Effects of genotypical variabilities and environmental factors were investigated in field experiments in two sites (Dikopshof, Etzdorf) for three years (1995-1997). A comparison of selected genotypes showed that there is no genotype which combines the characteristics of high oil yield, long stem and good fibre characteristics. Of the eleven genotypes tested, eight were found to be suited, with restrictions, for double use and for further cultivation. [German] Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht die Evaluierung von Oellein (Linum usitatissimum L.) im Hinblick auf eine kombinierte Nutzung von Oel und Fasern. Oekonomische Vorteile werden aufgrund eines wachsenden Bedarfs an Pflanzenfasern, insbesondere ausserhalb textiler Verarbeitungslinien erwartet. Zur Pruefung genotypischer Variabilitaeten und dem Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren auf Ertrag, Ertragskomponenten und Faserqualitaet wurden Feldversuche an zwei Standorten (Dikopshof, Etzdorf) ueber drei Jahre (1995-1997) angelegt. Der Vergleich ausgewaehlter Genotypen zeigt, dass ein ausgesprochener Doppelnutzungstyp nicht vorliegt. Es fehlen Genotypen mit der Merkmalskomibnation: hoher Oelertrag, langer technischer Stengel und vorteilhafte Fasereigenschaften. Aus einer Gruppe von elf umfassend geprueften Genotypen sind acht mit Einschraenkungen fuer eine Doppelnutzung geeignet. Diese Genotypen kommen zugleich fuer eine pflanzenzuechterische Bearbeitung in Frage. (orig.)

Cooperation with UNEP/IRPTC as a contribution to the implementation of the 'Agenda 21' action programme, chapter 19 in the field of information exchange on hazardous substances; Kooperation mit UNEP/IRPTC als Beitrag zur Umsetzung des Aktionsprogramms 'Agenda 21', Kapitel 19 im Bereich Informationsaustausch ueber gefaehrliche Stoffe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schock-Schmelzer, U.

1999-09-01

Informationsaustausch ueber gefaehrliche Stoffe gestaerkt werden. Ganz im Sinne dieses Handlungsauftrages leistet die im Rahmen dieses Vorhabens realisierte enge Kooperation zwischen dem Umweltbundesamt und UNEP Chemicals (bis 1995 UNEP/IRPTC (United Nations Environment Programme / International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals)) mit dem Austausch wissenschaftlicher und rechtlicher Informationen zu gefaehrlichen Chemikalien einen konkreten und erfolgreichen Beitrag zur Umsetzung von Kapitel 19 der Agenda 21. UNEP Chemicals wurde bei verschiedenen Aufgaben im Bereich der Datenarbeit unterstuetzt. Im Gegenzug hierzu wurde der international erarbeitete und angesehene Datenbestand von UNEP Chemicals dem Umweltbundesamt zur direkten Verfuegung gestellt. Diese Kooperation mit UNEP Chemicals ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der internationale n Zusammenarbeit beim Austausch von Daten ueber die Gefaehrlichkeit von chemischen Stoffen. (orig.)

The photon tagging facility for the Crystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at ELSA; Die Photonenmarkierungsanlage fuer das Crystal-Barrel/TAPS-Experiment an ELSA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fornet-Ponse, Kathrin

2009-11-15

eines so genannten Tagging-Systems. Als wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Arbeit wurde ein neues Tagging-System aufgebaut und in Betrieb genommen, in das Instrumente zur Praeparation und zum Nachweis von linear und zirkular polarisierten Photonen integriert sind. Das Tagging-System besteht aus einem Hodoskop mit 96 Szintillatorstreifen sowie einem Detektor mit 480 szintillierenden Fasern. Mit dieser Detektorkombination wird der Nachweis der Sekundaerelektronen aus dem Bremsstrahlungsprozess in einem Energiebereich von 0,021 . E{sub 0} bis 0,871 . E{sub 0} mit einer Zeitaufloesung von {sigma} = 0,240 ns (Szintillatorhodoskop) bzw. {sigma} = 0,560 ns (Faserdetektor) und einer Energieaufloesung von 0,1 % . E{sub 0} bis 0,4 % . E{sub 0} ermoeglicht. Die erreichte Zeitaufloesung erlaubt es, das Tagging-System als Zeitreferenz fuer die uebrigen Experimentkomponenten zu verwenden. Die Energiekalibration der Photonenmarkierungsanlage erforderte umfangreiche, dedizierte Messungen, die Teil dieser Arbeit waren und durch ausfuehrliche Simulationsrechnungen ergaenzt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Simulationsrechnungen wurden zur Extrapolation der gemessenen Daten in den Energiebereichen verwendet, die direkten Kalibrationsmessungen nicht zugaenglich waren. Darueber hinaus konnten die Simulationsergebnisse Aufschluss ueber den Einfluss der verschiedenen Strahllageparameter des primaeren Elektronenstrahls auf die zu erreichende Energieaufloesung geben. Zur Berechnung von Wirkungsquerschnitten mit dem CBELSA/TAPS-Experiment ist die Kenntnis des Photonenflusses am Experimenttarget noetig. Bei der Bestimmung des Photonenflusses spielt die Photondefinitionswahrscheinlichkeit P{sub {gamma}} eine zentrale Rolle, die angibt, mit welcher Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einem Signal aus dem Tagging-System das zugehoerige Photon im {gamma}-Strahl am Produktionstarget vorhanden ist. Hierzu wurden mittels Monte-Carlo-Simulationen detaillierte Untersuchungen angestellt, die Aufschluss ueber die zu beachtenden

High-performance HVDC transmission over long distances; Hochleistungsuebertragung ueber grosse Entfernungen mit hochgespanntem Gleichstrom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radtke, U. [PreussenElektra AG, Hannover (Germany)

1998-12-31

High-voltage DC transmission is a world-wide established technology for low-cost transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances. Thanks to HVDC transmission, large amounts of electricity can now for the first time also be transmitted over long distances via ocean cable, something that cannot be done with AC power cables. HVDC transmission is independent of grid frequencies and can link grids of different frequency and different quality of frequency. Interconnected grids coupled via DC circuits can exploit additional technical and economic advantages such as mutual supply of power reserves, balancing of peak load, and modulation of active and reactive power. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Hochspannungs-Gleichstromuebertragung (HGUe) ist eine weltweit etablierte Technik zur kostenguenstigen Uebertragung grosser elektrischer Leistungen ueber grosse Entfernungen. Sie schafft erstmals die Moeglichkeit, auch mittels Seekabel grosse Leistungen ueber Entfernungen zu uebertragen, die mit der Drehstromtechnik nicht moeglich sind. HGUeist unabhaengig von den Netzfrequenzen und kann Netze unterschiedlicher Frequenz und Frequenzguete miteinander verbinden. Ueber Gleichstromkreise gekuppelte Verbundnetze koennen zusaetzliche technische und wirtschaftliche Vorteile wie gegenseitige Bereitstellung von Kraftwerksreserven, Spitzenlastausgleich sowie Wirk- und Blindleistungsmodulation nutzt. (orig.)

Der Einfluss von Mixed Emotions auf die Werbewirkung : eine experimentelle Studie

OpenAIRE

Bauer, Hans H.; Donnevert, Tobias; Exler, Stefanie; Hobusch, Sonja

2007-01-01

Emotionale Appelle haben heutzutage einen festen Platz in der Werbung. Neben rein positiven sowie rein negativen Emotionen werden auch Mixed Emotions verstärkt eingesetzt. Die Erforschung der konsumentenverhaltensrelevanten Wirkungen von Mixed Emotions, die das gleichzeitige oder sequentielle Erleben gegensätzlicher Emotionen bezeichnen, steckt jedoch noch in den Kinderschuhen. In der vorliegenden Studie wird daher der Einfluss von Mixed Emotions auf zentrale psychographische Werbewirku...

Equal chances are necessary. Political expert Bruno Frick discusses the competitive situation of the various energy sources; Wir fordern gleichlange Spiesse. Politiker Bruno Frick zur Wettbewerbssituation der Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haag, J.

1997-11-01

Swiss politician Bruno Frick is in favour of renewable energy sources. In his opinion, future generations should not pay for our faults. HAUSTECH interviewed him about the Federal investment programme and on renewable energy sources in general. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bruno Frick, CVP-Staenderat aus dem Kanton Schwyz, gehoehrt im eidgenoessischen Parlament zu den dezidierten Befuerwortern erneuerbarer Energien. Der Grund: Die Konzequenzen davon, wie wir heute mit der Energie umgehen, haben nach seiner Ueberzeugung kommende Generationen zu tragen. `HAUS TECH` hat sich deshalb mit dem engagierten Politiker ueber das vom Bund initiierte Investitionsprogramm und generell ueber die erneuerbaren Energien unterhalten. (orig.)

Marginal flow in compressor cascades. Influence of gap, cascade geometry, loads and inflow boundary layer. Final report; Randstroemung in Verdichtergittern. Untersuchung der Randstroemung in Verdichtergittern unter dem Einfluss von Spalt, Gittergeometrie, Gitterbelastung und Zustroemgrenzschicht. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huebner, J

1996-07-01

Experimental and theoretical investigations were made in order to define the main influencing parameters of gap flow and secondary flow in compressor cascades. The investigations and results are presented in detail. [German] Im Rahmen des FVV-Forschungsvorhabens 'Randstroemung in Verdichtergittern' wurden am Institut fuer Strahlantriebe der Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen umfangreiche experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der wesentlichen Einflussgroessen auf die Spalt- und Sekundaerstroemung in Verdichtergittern durchgefuehrt. Als Parameter wurden die Spaltweite, das Schaufelseitenverhaeltnis mit Schaufelhoehe und Sehnenlaenge, die aerodynamische Belastung und die Zustroemgrenzschichtdicke variiert. Zur Analyse der Stroemungsvorgaenge wurden Fuenflochsonden-Stroemungsfeldtraversierungen, Profil- und Seitenwanddruckverteilungsmessungen und Laser-Zwei-Fokus-Messungen im Spalt herangezogen. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen zeigen eine komplexe Wechselwirkung zwischen Spalt- und Kanalwirbel. Die Spalt- und Sekundaerverluste steigen mit der Spaltweite und der aerodynamischen Belastung, wobei der Anstieg eine welchselseitige Abhaengigkeit der Parameter aufweist. Gegenueber dem Schaufelseitenverhaeltnis verhalten sich die Spalt- und Sekundaerverluste umgekehrt proportional. Die Zustroemgrenzschicht beeinflusst zwar den Verlust- und Abstroemwinkelverlauf ueber der Schaufelhoehe, jedoch nicht die sich abzueglich des Profil- und Zustroemverlustes ergebenden Spalt- und Sekundaerverluste. Die verwendeten 3D Stroemungsberechnungsverfahren erfassen die Stroemungsphaenomene qualitativ gut, wobei der Spaltmodellierung eine besondere Rolle zukommt. Die realistische Spaltmodellierung erlaubt einen sehr detaillierten Einblick in das Stroemungsgeschehen im Spalt. Die Verlustberechnung erweist sich jedoch als sehr unsicher. Auf der Grundlage einer umfangreichen Literaturanalyse wurden die verfuegbaren Korrelationen zur Berechnung des Spaltverlustes und

Treatment factors influencing survival in pancreatic carcinoma; Der Einfluss der Therapie auf das Ueberleben von Patienten mit Pankreaskarzinom. Eine Analyse von Einzelfaktoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Warszawski, N.; Warszawski, A.; Schneider, B.M.; Roettinger, E.M. [Ulm Univ. (Germany). Abt. Radiologie 2 (Strahlentherapie); Link, K.H.; Gansauge, F. [Ulm Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Allgemeinchirurgie; Lutz, M.P. [Ulm Univ. (Germany). Abt. Innere Medizin 1

1999-07-01

. Zusaetzlich erhielten 37 Patienten mehrere Chemotherapiezyklen mit Mitoxantron, 5-Fluorouracil und Cis-Platin, entweder intravenoes (14/38) oder intraarteriell (23/38). Der Einfluss von Behandlungsfaktoren auf das Ueberleben wurde untersucht. Die biologisch effektive Dosis wurde mit Hilfe des linearquadratischen Models ({alpha}/{beta}=25 Gy) berechnet bei einem taeglichen Wirkungsverlust von 0,85 Gy ab Tag 28. Ergebnisse: Behandlungsfaktoren, die das Ueberleben beeinflussten, waren die Resektion (p=0,02), die strahlentherapeutische Behandlungseit (p=0,03) und die biologisch effektive Dosis (p<0,002). Gesamtdosis und Applikationsart der Chemotherapie hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Das strahlentherapeutische Behandlungsvolumen wies eine negative Korrelation (r=-0,5 mit p=0,06) mit dem Geamtueberleben auf, ohne dass eine Korrelation zwischen Tumorgroesse, Tumorstadium und Behandlungsvolumen nachweisbar war. In der multivariaten Analyse behielt allein die biologisch effektive Dosis mit p=0,02 ihre Signifikanz. Schlussfolgerungen: Neben der Resektion beeinflusst die biologisch effektive Dosis das Ueberleben der Pankreaskarzinompatienten. Das Bestrahlungsvolumen soll so klein wie moeglich gehalten und eine Unterbrechung der Strahlentherapie soll vermieden werden. (orig.)

Rosenzweig: A ética como "primeira filosofia" e o dever de traduzir

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inácio Abdulkader

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Die Bedeutung und der Einfluss des Werkes von Franz Rosenzweig, jüdisch-deutscher Philosoph vom Beginn des vergangenen Jahrhunderts, werden noch immer nicht angemessen gewürdigt. Rosenzweig entwickelt in seinem Hauptwerk, der Stern der Erlösung, ausgehend von eminent theologischen Kategorien, sein philosophisches System. Dem "Monolog des Ich" der traditionellen Philosophie setzt Rosenzweig ein "Neues Denken" von existenzialistischem Gepräge entgegen, das die Mündlichkeit und den Dialog mit dem "Anderen" aufwertet und den Verstand ald Werkzeug der Reflexion ersetzt. Dieses Denken weist Korrespondenzen zur Philosophie W. Benjamins auf. Das "Neue Denken" übte einen starken Einfluss auf E. Lévinas aus, sowie auf zahlreiche interessante philosophie und theologische Ansätze nach dem "linguistic turn" und auf die postmoderne jüdische Geistigkeit. Rosenzweigs Philosophie hat andererseits in seiner Übersetzertätigkeit eine wichtige direkte Anwendung gefunden. Übersetzen erscheint Rosenzweig als Verpflichtung, die aus einer Ethik, verstanden als grundlegender Philosophie, erwächst. Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert einige Aspekte der Schriften Rosenzweigs, in denen sich eine "Philosophie der Übersetzung" abzeichnet.

Schreiben auf Deutsch in Japan : Abstufung zwischen akademisch und wissenschaftlich

OpenAIRE

Schmidt, Maria Gabriela

2013-01-01

In dem Beitrag wird zunächst eine Unterscheidung von akademischem und wissenschaftlichem Schreiben aus didaktischen Gründen vorgeschlagen. Für den Fremdsprachenunterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Japan ist darüberhinaus der Einfluss eigenkultureller Textmusterkonvention zu beachten. „Akademisches Schreiben“ lehnt sich an die englische Bezeichnung „academic writing“ an. In der deutschsprachigen Literatur findet sich häufig „wissenschaftliches Schreiben“, mit dem man ein hohes sprachliches N...

Nutzung und Akzeptanz von Electronic Commerce : E-Commerce und die Bürger

OpenAIRE

Schenk, Michael; Wolf, Malthe

2000-01-01

Marktprognosen bescheinigen dem elektronischen Handel eine große Zukunft. Business-Transaktionen verändern sich rapide unter dem Einfluss elektronischer Kommunikationstechnologien. Wenngleich auch erwartet wird, dass sich Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce weltweit als erfolgreicher Vertriebs- und Kommunikationskanal etablieren wird, stößt E-Commerce derzeit noch nicht auf die erhoffte Akzeptanz in breiten Konsumentenschichten. Dies hängt nicht zuletzt mit der Verbreitung des Internet zusammen, ...

Mechanik deformierbarer fester Stoffe

Science.gov (United States)

Heintze, Joachim

In Bd. I/I haben wir die Mechanik des Massenpunkts und des starren Körpers behandelt; wir wollen nun berücksichtigen, dass sich alle Körper unter dem Einfluss der einwirkenden Kräfte deformieren können.

Characterization of surface defects in high strength galvannealed steels; Charakterisierung der Oberflaechendefekte in hochfesten, nach dem Verzinken waermebehandelten Staehlen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hong, M.H. [Automotive Steels Research Center, Technical Research Labs., POSCO, Gwangyang (Korea)

2004-03-01

Hot-dip galvannealed steel sheets, in which Fe of the substrate steel diffused into upper coating layer so as to be alloyed with Zn through a galvannealing above 450 C followed by hot-dip galvanizing process, generally show superior corrosion resistance, weldability and paintability. They have been widely used in automobile, construction, appliance industries and others. In particular, many researches have been carrying out to produce defect-free coating for an exposed automotive body panel. In the present study, high strength interstitial-free steel sheets containing Mn and P were galvannealed in an industrial continuous galvanizing line and defects on the coating surface were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is clear that the quality of the substrate strongly affects galvannealed coating and it is essential to keep clean surface just before immediately dipping into molten Zn pot. (orig.) [German] Feuerverzinkte und danach waermebehandelte Stahlbleche, wo Fe aus dem Substratstahl in die obere Beschichtungsschicht diffundiert wie bei Legieren mit Zn und einer Waermebehandlung von ueber 450 C, gefolgt von einem Feuerverzinkverfahren, zeigen im Allgemeinen hervorragende Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Schweissbarkeit und Anstreichbarkeit. Sie finden ein breites Einsatzgebiet bei Automobilen, im Bauwesen, in Werkzeugindustrien und anderen. Insbesondere wurde von vielen Forschern versucht, eine fehlerfreie Beschichtung fuer ein ungeschuetztes Karosserieteil herzustellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden hochfeste porenfreie Stahlbleche mit Mn- und P-Gehalt nach dem Verzinken in einer industriellen Endlos-Verzinkungslinie (CGL) waermebehandelt, wobei die Defekte auf der Schichtoberflaeche lichtmikroskopisch, rasterund transmissionselektronenmikroskopisch untersucht wurden. Klar ist, dass die Qualitaet des Substrats die nach dem Verzinken waermebehandelten Schichten beeinflusst und es ist von grosser

Der Einfluss von Tests auf Studienleistung und Leistung [The Effects of Tests on Study Behavior and Performance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dirkx, Kim; Kester, Liesbeth; Kirschner, Paul A.

2012-01-01

Dirkx, K. J. H., Kester, L., & Kirschner, P. A. (2012, 24 September). Der Einfluss von Tests auf Studienverhalten und Leistung [The Effects of Study Behavior and Performance]. Presentation at the Leibniz Institute for Pedagogies in Sciences and Mathematics (IPN), Kiel, Germany.

Coastal DEMs with Cross-Track Interferometry

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Greidanus, H.S.F.; Huising, E.J.; Platschorre, Y.; Bree, R.J.P. van; Halsema, D. van; Vaessen, E.M.J.

1999-01-01

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are produced from airborne radar cross-track interferometric measurements. Radar DEMs recorded from perpendicular orientations are intercompared, and compared to DEMs derived from airborne laser altimetry

Eine Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Konsum von Alkopops und dem Problemverhalten von Jugendlichen

OpenAIRE

Metzner, Cornelia Beate Isabel

2007-01-01

Zielsetzung: In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob bei Jugendlichen ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Konsum von Alkopops einerseits und dem sonstigen Alkoholtrinkverhalten, dem Konsum von Zigaretten und illegalen Drogen sowie weiteren Risikoverhaltensweisen andererseits besteht, ferner ob sich Unterschiede im Verhalten von Jungen und Mädchen ergeben. Theoretischer und empirischer Hintergrund: �Alkopops�, d. h. Mischgetränke diverser Hersteller aus Likör bzw. Schnaps und Limonade sowie wein- ...

ArcticDEM Validation and Accuracy Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Candela, S. G.; Howat, I.; Noh, M. J.; Porter, C. C.; Morin, P. J.

2017-12-01

ArcticDEM comprises a growing inventory Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) covering all land above 60°N. As of August, 2017, ArcticDEM had openly released 2-m resolution, individual DEM covering over 51 million km2, which includes areas of repeat coverage for change detection, as well as over 15 million km2 of 5-m resolution seamless mosaics. By the end of the project, over 80 million km2 of 2-m DEMs will be produced, averaging four repeats of the 20 million km2 Arctic landmass. ArcticDEM is produced from sub-meter resolution, stereoscopic imagery using open source software (SETSM) on the NCSA Blue Waters supercomputer. These DEMs have known biases of several meters due to errors in the sensor models generated from satellite positioning. These systematic errors are removed through three-dimensional registration to high-precision Lidar or other control datasets. ArcticDEM is registered to seasonally-subsetted ICESat elevations due its global coverage and high report accuracy ( 10 cm). The vertical accuracy of ArcticDEM is then obtained from the statistics of the fit to the ICESat point cloud, which averages -0.01 m ± 0.07 m. ICESat, however, has a relatively coarse measurement footprint ( 70 m) which may impact the precision of the registration. Further, the ICESat data predates the ArcticDEM imagery by a decade, so that temporal changes in the surface may also impact the registration. Finally, biases may exist between different the different sensors in the ArcticDEM constellation. Here we assess the accuracy of ArcticDEM and the ICESat registration through comparison to multiple high-resolution airborne lidar datasets that were acquired within one year of the imagery used in ArcticDEM. We find the ICESat dataset is performing as anticipated, introducing no systematic bias during the coregistration process, and reducing vertical errors to within the uncertainty of the airborne Lidars. Preliminary sensor comparisons show no significant difference post coregistration

Einstein and Prague

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bicak, J.

1979-01-01

A commemorative publication is submitted issued on the occasion of Albert Einstein's centenary remembering Einstein's sojourn and work in Prague. In addition to the article Ueber den Einfluss der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des Lichtes the publications contains the author's preface to the Czech edition of his Theory, the list of studies written by Einstein while in Prague, an assay on the great physicist's life and work, and extracts from the memoires of Philipp Frank published under the title Einstein, His Life and Times. (L.O.)

Power generation from animal meal in the circulating fluidized bed combustor at Lippewerk, Luenen; Energetische Nutzung von Tiermehl in der Zirkulierenden Wirbelschichtanlage (ZWS) auf dem Lippewerk, Luenen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fendel, A. [Rethmann Lippewerk GmbH, Luenen (Germany)

2001-07-01

Experiments have shown that the Luenen plant can be operated with animal meal as mono-fuel. In fact, combustion characteristics will be better and emissions lower. The ash has an excellent burnout. It contains no proteins, so it appears reasonable to assume that any prions will be destroyed during combustion. [German] Auf Basis der bestehenden Betriebserfahrungen ist die ZWS in Luenen technisch nachweislich in der Lage, 100% der Feuerungswaermeleistung ueber Tiermehl abzudecken. Damit ist ein Betrieb als Monobrennstoffanlage durchfuehrbar. Besonders erfreulich ist zu werten, dass sich bei dem Einsatz von Tiermehl das Verbrennungsverhalten der Anlage positiver darstellt und eine Verbesserung der Emissionssituation auftritt. Die entstehende Asche weist einen ungewoehnlich guten Ausbrand auf. In ihr sind Proteine nicht mehr nachweisbar und daraus kann rueckgeschlossen werden, dass in der ZWS auch potentiell Prionen vernichtet werden. (orig.)

The new tyre book. New trends - technical aspects - driving characteristics - buyer's guide; Das neue Reifenbuch. Umruestung - Reifentechnik - Fahrpraxis - Kaufberatung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Backfisch, K.P.; Heinz, D.S.

2000-07-01

Contents: Test methods of the tyre industry and acceptance tests; Differences between winter tyres, summer tyres and four-season tyres; Quality characteristics; Conversion to broad tyres; Tyre wall lettering; light metal wheels and tyre maintenance. There is a chapter on car driving viewed as applied physics, and the book contains hints on tyre handling as well as information on current and future trends on the tyre market. [German] Berichtet wird ueber Testverfahren der Reifenindustrie und die Verfahren zur Erstausruestungsfreigabe bei den Automobilherstellern. Das Buch informiert ueber die Unterschiede zwischen Sommer-, Winter- und Ganzjahresreifen, ueber Qualitaetsmerkmale, Umruestung auf Breitreifen oder die Seitenwandbeschriftung eines Reifens, zudem ueber Leichtmetallraeder und Reifenpflege. Autofahren ist angewandte Physik, diesem Aspekt widmet sich ein ganzes Kapitel. Der Leser erhaelt wichtige Tips zum Umgang mit Reifen sowie Informationen ueber aktuelle und kuenftige Entwicklungen auf dem Reifenmarkt. (orig.)

Landbrugets trædemølle

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Henning Otte

2016-01-01

Teorien om landbrugets trædemølle siger, at teknologi medfører stigende produktivitet, stigende udbud og dermed faldende priser. Dermed øges behovet for ny teknologi. Det vedvarende teknologipres gavner de innovative landmænd, mens de mere afventende landmænd kun oplever de negative virkninger i...... form af prisfald. I denne artikel beskrives nærmere de enkelte elementer i trædemøllen. Samtidig vurderes trædemøllens betydning og mulige påvirkning. Det konkluderes, at trædemøllen, dens forudsætninger og afledte virkninger stadig er fuldt gældende. Det er ikke muligt for et enkelt land eller region...... af bremse trædemøllen på lang sigt. På lokalt plan kan man løse nogle sociale og økonomiske problemer skabt af trædemøllen gennem nemmere afvandring....

Investigation of the influence of airfoil geometry on its wake; Untersuchung zum Einfluss der Geometrie eines Fluegels auf seinen Nachlauf

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schell, I.

2001-07-01

Strong turbulent flow along the wings in the wake of starting or landing aircraft are a danger to the aircraft next in line and limit the starting and landing frequency. The degree of turbulence depends mostly on aircraft weight but the aerodynamic design clearly has an effect. The author investigated the influence of airfoil geometry, both experimentally and numerically. [German] Im Nachlauf von startenden und landenden Flugzeugen bilden sich starke Fluegelrandwirbel aus, die ein grosses Gefahrenpotential fuer nachfolgende Flugzeuge darstellen und somit die maximal moeglichen Start- bzw. Landefrequenzen an Flughaefen begrenzen. Die Staerke der Wirbel ist hauptsaechlich vom Gewicht der Flugzeuge abhaengig, jedoch hat auch die aerodynamische Auslegung der Flugzeuge einen deutlichen Einfluss. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Fluegelgeometrie eines Flugzeugs auf seinen Nachlauf experimentell sowie numerisch untersucht. (orig.)

Coastal Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Digital elevation models (DEMs) of U.S. and other coasts that typically integrate ocean bathymetry and land topography. The DEMs support NOAA's mission to understand...

The legal compatibility of the German Act for mandatory use of electricity from renewables (Stromeinspeisungsgesetz) with the Treaty of Rome; Die Vereinbarkeit des Stromeinspeisungsgesetzes mit dem EG-Vertrag

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iro, S.P.

1998-04-01

In force since 1990, the German Stromeinspeisungsgesetz (obliging electric utilities to purchase at mandatory prices electricity from renewable energy sources) still is an issue of debates about legal justification under German law and compatibility with legislation on the European Internal Market for elctricity. The contribution analyses the points of friction with the Treaty of Rome, in particular the European regulations governing subsidization of national industries or undertakings by their government, aspects of freedom of trade within the EU and restrictive trade practices law. The conclusion of the legal analysis is that the German act is compatible with the subsidy regulations of the EU, but calls for amendment to correct infringements of the principles of free trade and competition within the EU in the provisions excluding electricity from renewables generated in other EU Member States. (CB) [Deutsch] Es ist schon seit 1990 in Kraft, und das Stromeinspeisungsgesetz bietet nach wie vor Anlass zu Diskussionen, sowohl aus dem Blickwinkel des deutschen Rechts wie auch vom Standpunkt des EGV. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die rechtlichen Reibungspunkte mit europaeischem Recht, konkret die Regelungen ueber erlaubte staatliche Beihilfen an nationale Unternehmen, deren Abgrenzung zu allgemein wirtschaftspolitischen Massnahmen eines Staates und Aspekte der Warenverkehrsfreiheit und des Wettbewerbs auf dem europaeischen Binnenmarkt. Das Ergebnis der rechtlichen Analyse des Beitrags sieht in der Subventionierung der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien eine politische Entscheidung, die mit EG-Interessen und EG-Recht vereinbar ist. Das Gesetz verstosse jedoch gegen die Warenverkehrsfreieheit auf dem Binnenmarkt in den Regelungen, wo es entsprechend erzeugten Strom aus anderen Mitgliedslaendern von der Subventionierung ausnimmt. (orig./CB)

Einfluss von abiotischen Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese in Duboisia myoporoides.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ullrich, Sophie Friederike

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Duboisia ist eine in Australien beheimatete Pflanze aus der Familie der Nachtschattengewächse, die Tropanalkaloide als sekundäre Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe enthält, deren quantitativ und ökonomisch bedeutsamstes Scopolamin ist. Um neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses abiotischer Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese zu gewinnen, wurden Pflanzen der Art Duboisia myoporoides in Hydrokultur in Klimakammern unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen angebaut (kalibrierte Einstellungen für Beleuchtungsdauer, Lichtintensität und Temperatur. Wichtige Messgrößen stellten dabei Biomasse und Alkaloidgehalt dar, letzterer gemessen mittels UHPLC und LC-MS.

Research of the fluid flow in a radially orientated coolant channel of a turbine blade; Untersuchung der Stroemung in einem radial gerichteten Kuehlkanal eines Turbinenlaufrades

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hein, O.

1999-07-01

Due to rotation (Coriolis forces) in a coolant channel a secondary flow is superimposed to the basic flow. This leads to a change in the local heat transfer over the surface of the coolant channel as well as a change in the overall value of the heat transfer. Also the pressure loss over the channel length will change by rotation. By means of computational fluid dynamics (Finite Element Method) it was achieved to figure out the interaction between changing fluid flow and heat transfer. To validate the results obtained by a numerical flow simulation, a new measurement technique was developed. A laser-two-focus velocimeter has been combined with a rotation prism which allows continued measurements in a rotating scaled up channel. (orig.) [German] Bedingt durch die Rotationsbewegung eines Kuehlkanals wird die Grundstroemung von einem Sekundaerwirbel ueberlagert (Corioliskraefte). Durch diese Einfluesse aendert sich sowohl der lokale Waermeuebergang ueber der Kanaloberflaeche als auch die globalen Waermeuebertragungsraten ueber dem gesamten Kanal. Ebenfalls aendert sich durch die Rotation der Druckverlust ueber der Kanallaenge. Durch eine numerische Stroemungssimulation (Finite-Element-Methode) war es moeglich, einen detaillierten Zusammenhang zwischen dem veraenderten Stroemungsverhalten und dem Waermeuebertragungsverhalten darzustellen. Um die numerisch gewonnenen Ergebnisse experimentell abzusichern, wurde eine neuartige Messtechnik entwickelt. Ein Laser-2-Fokus-Velozimeter wurde mit einem Bilddrehprisma kombiniert, und dies erlaubte eine kontinuierliche Messung in einem rotierenden vergroesserten Modellkanal. (orig.)

Wheel brake with mechatronic parameter value control - investigation of operating behaviour and driver integration problems, with particurticular regard to brake-by-wire systems; Radbremse mit mechatronischer Kennwertregelung - Untersuchung von Betriebsverhalten und Fahreranbindungsproblematik, hinsichtlich Brake-by-Wire-Systemen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leber, M.

1998-11-01

The book presents a new brake system with mechatronically controlled self-energizing and with low energy demand. Potentials and limits of mechatronic parameter value control are pointed out with a view towards future brake-by-wire systems. Measurements on a parameter-controlled duplex drum brake provide information on the response to different disturbances. The possibility of influencing the driver by parameter-controlled wheel brakes were investigated in a novel experimental vehicle with freely programmable brake system parameters, and the main paramters of the driver/brake system interface were identified. The report ends with a few words on adaptive brake systems which can combine optimum driving efficiency with maximum comfort in all possible driving situations. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das vorliegende Buch stellt eine neuartige Fahrzeugbremse mit mechatronisch geregelter Selbstverstaerkung vor, die einen niedrigen Spannenergiebedarf aufweist. Im Hinblick auf zukuenftige Brake-by-Wire-Systeme werden Potentiale, aber auch Grenzen einer mechatronischen Kennwertregelung aufgezeigt. Messungen an einer kennwertgeregelten Duplex-Trommelbremse geben Aufschluss ueber das Betriebsverhalten unter Einfluss verschiedener Stoergroessen. Die Moeglichkeiten einer Fahrerbeeinflussung durch kennwertgeregelte Radbremsen werden mittels eines neuartigen Versuchsfahrzeugs mit frei programmierbaren Bremssystemparametern untersucht. Darueber hinaus wird die Schnittstelle Fahrer/Bremssystem hinsichtlich ihrer bestimmenden Parameter beschrieben. Den Schluss der Arbeit bildet ein Ausblick auf adaptive Bremssysteme mit dem Potential, optimale fahrdynamische Effizienz bei groesstmoeglichem Komfort situationsabhaengig darzustellen. (orig.)

Numerical investigations on the influence of wind shear and turbulence on aircraft trailing vortices; Numerische Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Windscherung und Turbulenz auf Flugzeugwirbelschleppen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hofbauer, T.

2003-07-01

In several aspects, the behaviour of aircraft wake vortices under situations of vertical wind shear is significantly different from non-shear scenarios and its operational real-time forcast is challenging. By means of numerical investigations of idealized scenarios, the influence of wind shear on the lateral and vertical transport of vortices is analysed both, phenomenologically as well as in the scope of a sensitivity study. The results allow for the verification of controversial views and the benchmark of modelling approaches. Case studies of turbulent shear flows focus on the persistence of vortices. A detailed analysis of the flow fields evidence that unequal vortex decay rates can be attributed to the asymmetric distribution of secondary vorticity structures. The results moreover suggest that extended vortex lifespans can be expected under situations of wind shear. The unusual vortex behaviour observed by means of a LIDAR measurement is reproduced by realistic simulations and permits to reveal potential causes. (orig.) [German] Das Wirbelschleppenverhalten unterscheidet sich in Situationen vertikaler Windscherung in mehrfacher Hinsicht signifikant von scherungsfreien Szenarien und stellt eine besondere Herausforderung fuer eine operationelle Echtzeitvorhersage dar. Mittels numerischer Untersuchungen idealisierter Szenarien wird zunaechst der Einfluss von Windscherung auf den lateralen und vertikalen Wirbeltransport sowohl phaenomenologisch als auch quantitativ im Rahmen einer Sensitivitaetsstudie analysiert. Anhand der gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden auseinandergehende Erklaerungsansaetze geprueft und Modellierungsansaetze bewertet. Fallstudien turbulenter Scherstroemungen zur Wirbelpersistenz stellen einen weiteren Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit dar. Durch die ausfuehrliche Analyse der Stroemungsfelder wird der Nachweis erbracht, dass sich unterschiedliche Zerfallsraten der Wirbel auf die asymmetrische Verteilung von sekundaeren Vorticity-Strukturen zurueckfuehren

Small catchments DEM creation using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

Gafurov, A. M.

2018-01-01

Digital elevation models (DEM) are an important source of information on the terrain, allowing researchers to evaluate various exogenous processes. The higher the accuracy of DEM the better the level of the work possible. An important source of data for the construction of DEMs are point clouds obtained with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In this paper, we present the results of constructing a DEM on small catchments using UAVs. Estimation of the UAV DEM showed comparable accuracy with the TLS if real time kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) ground control points (GCPs) and check points (CPs) were used. In this case, the main source of errors in the construction of DEMs are the errors in the referencing of survey results.

Digitial Elevation Model (DEM) 100K

Data.gov (United States)

Kansas Data Access and Support Center — Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the terminology adopted by the USG to describe terrain elevation data sets in a digital raster form. The standard DEM consists of a...

Digtial Elevation Model (DEM) 250K

Data.gov (United States)

Kansas Data Access and Support Center — Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the terminology adopted by the USGS to describe terrain elevation data sets in a digital raster form. The standard DEM consists of a...

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 24K

Data.gov (United States)

Kansas Data Access and Support Center — Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the terminology adopted by the USGS to describe terrain elevation data sets in a digital raster form. The standard DEM consists of a...

Consumer behavior in buildings; Nutzverhalten in Gebaeuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

The more exact building automation devices have to be designed, the more important is the knowledge about the utilization of the building. It could happen that the state of this devices could be disordered in case of unforseen consumer behavior taking not into account by designing. Therefore in practice limits must be extended because of unknown consumer behavior. On the meeting specialists reported on methods and experiences, how consumer behavior can be influenced in different types of buildings. They mentioned the simulation and the influence of this behavior involving the building automation. Contributions on legal aspects as examples from practice complete the proceeding volume. [German] Je exakter gebaeudetechnische Anlagen dimensioniert werden sollen, um so wichtiger ist die Kenntnis ueber die spaetere Nutzung des Gebaeudes. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass durch unvorhersehbares Verhalten der Nutzer Anlagenzustaende erreicht werden, die bei der Bemessung nicht beruecksichtigt wurden. Deshalb werden in der Praxis bei der Auslegung von TGA-Anlagen oft Zuschlaege wegen unbekanntem Nutzerverhalten eingeraeumt. Auf der Tagung berichteten die Referenten ueber Methoden und Erfahrungen, wie sich das Nutzerverhalten in unterschiedlichen Gebaeudetypen beeinflussen laesst. Sie gingen hierzu auf die Simulation und den Einfluss dieses Verhaltens auf die Gebaeudetechnik ein. Vortraege ueber gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie Beispiele aus der Praxis schlossen sich an. (orig.)

Influence of autochthonous micro-organisms on sorption and remobilization of technetium and selenium. Final report; Einfluss der autochthonen Mikroflora auf die Sorption und Remobilisierung des Technetiums und des Selens. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maue, G.; Stroetmann, I.; Dott, W. [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Fachgebiet Umwelthygiene; Taute, T.; Winkler, A.; Pekdeger, A. [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Fachrichtung Rohstoff- und Umweltgeologie

1996-10-31

Within this research project the influence of autochthonous mirco-organisms on immobilization and remobilization of Technetium and Selenium was investigated. Both redoxsensitive radionuclides are part of the waste of nuclear fuel (Tc app. 6%). Former investigations have shown, that immobilization behaviour of both elements could be influenced by micro-organisms. It has not been known, if the autochthonous (or in situ) organisms from greater depth do also have an influence on radionuclide mobility. The autochthonous populations of micro-organisms in deep sediments and their influence on the migration of Tc and Se were investigated in this study. For this reason recirculation column experiments were carried out. Absolutely sterile and anaerobic handling was necessary for the sampling and the further treatment of the sediments and waters used in the experiments. Therefor special methods for sampling, storage and handling had been developed. The results of recirculation column test with autochthonous micro-organisms were compared with sterile parallel tests and were verified with the results of an elaborated version of the hydrogeochemical equilibration code PHREEQE. It was shown that the autochthonous micro-organisms had only very little influence on the migration behaviour. The reason is the very low population (less than 10 E+6 CFU). Nevertheless it has to be taken into consideration, that conventional laboratory experiments for the estimation of the retention capacities of sediments for hazardous waste lead to an overestimation, if the sediments are contaminated with allochthonous micro-organisms (CFU=colony forming units). (orig.) [Deutsch] In dem Forschungsvorhaben wurde der Einfluss der autochthonen Mikroorgansimen auf die Mobilitaet von Technetium und Selen untersucht. Beide redoxsensitiven Radionuklide sind im Abfall von Kernbrennelementen enthalten (Tc ca. 6%). Aus vorangegangenen Forschungsarbeiten ist bekannt, dass die Mobilitaet der beiden Elemente durch

Estimating Coastal Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Uncertainty

Science.gov (United States)

Amante, C.; Mesick, S.

2017-12-01

Integrated bathymetric-topographic digital elevation models (DEMs) are representations of the Earth's solid surface and are fundamental to the modeling of coastal processes, including tsunami, storm surge, and sea-level rise inundation. Deviations in elevation values from the actual seabed or land surface constitute errors in DEMs, which originate from numerous sources, including: (i) the source elevation measurements (e.g., multibeam sonar, lidar), (ii) the interpolative gridding technique (e.g., spline, kriging) used to estimate elevations in areas unconstrained by source measurements, and (iii) the datum transformation used to convert bathymetric and topographic data to common vertical reference systems. The magnitude and spatial distribution of the errors from these sources are typically unknown, and the lack of knowledge regarding these errors represents the vertical uncertainty in the DEM. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) has developed DEMs for more than 200 coastal communities. This study presents a methodology developed at NOAA NCEI to derive accompanying uncertainty surfaces that estimate DEM errors at the individual cell-level. The development of high-resolution (1/9th arc-second), integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs along the southwest coast of Florida serves as the case study for deriving uncertainty surfaces. The estimated uncertainty can then be propagated into the modeling of coastal processes that utilize DEMs. Incorporating the uncertainty produces more reliable modeling results, and in turn, better-informed coastal management decisions.

Radar and Lidar Radar DEM

Science.gov (United States)

Liskovich, Diana; Simard, Marc

2011-01-01

Using radar and lidar data, the aim is to improve 3D rendering of terrain, including digital elevation models (DEM) and estimates of vegetation height and biomass in a variety of forest types and terrains. The 3D mapping of vegetation structure and the analysis are useful to determine the role of forest in climate change (carbon cycle), in providing habitat and as a provider of socio-economic services. This in turn will lead to potential for development of more effective land-use management. The first part of the project was to characterize the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM error with respect to ICESat/GLAS point estimates of elevation. We investigated potential trends with latitude, canopy height, signal to noise ratio (SNR), number of LiDAR waveform peaks, and maximum peak width. Scatter plots were produced for each variable and were fitted with 1st and 2nd degree polynomials. Higher order trends were visually inspected through filtering with a mean and median filter. We also assessed trends in the DEM error variance. Finally, a map showing how DEM error was geographically distributed globally was created.

Dynamic {sup 31}P-MR-spectroscopy of the quadriceps muscle. Influence of sex and age on spectroscopic results; Die dynamische 31-Phosphor-Magnetresonanz-Spektroskopie des M. quadriceps. Einfluss von Geschlecht und Alter auf spektroskopische Parameter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schunk, K.; Romaneehsen, B.; Kessler, S.; Schadmand-Fischer, S.; Thelen, M. [Mainz Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Radiologie

1999-05-01

) untersucht. Innerhalb des Magneten wurde der M. quadriceps durch eine isometrische und eine isotonische Uebung jeweils bis zur Erschoepfung belastet. Ergebnisse: Ruhemessung: Mit zunehmendem Alter nahm der Quotient {beta}-Adenosin-triphosphat/Gesamtphosphat (r=-0,37; p=0,02) ab. Die Quotienten anorganisches Phosphat/Phosphokreatin (r=0,79; p=5x10{sup -8}), Phosphomonoester/{beta}-Adenosin-triphosphat (r=0,74; p=10{sup -6}) und Phosphodiester/{beta}-Adenosintriphosphat (r=0,62; p=10{sup -4}) stiegen mit zunehmendem Alter der Probanden an. Der pH-Wert war der einzige der ausgewerteten spektroskopischen Parameter, der eine Abhaengigkeit vom Geschlecht aufwies: Weibliche Probanden zeigten signifikant niedrigere Werte als maennliche (7,03{+-}0,02 vs. 7,05{+-}0,03; p=0,01). Belastungsmessung: Mit zunehmendem Alter waren die belastungsinduzierten Maximalwerte des Quotienten anorganisches Phosphat/Phosphokreatin niedriger (r=-0,42; p=0,0005). Das Ausmass der belastungsinduzierten Azidose war ebenso mit zunehmendem Alter geringer ausgepraegt (r=0,53; p=6x10{sup -6}). Die Erholungsgeschwindigkeit des Quotienten anorganisches Phosphat/Phosphokreatin und des pH-Wertes nach dem erschoepfungsbedingten Ende der Belastung zeigte keine Korrelation mit dem Alter, dem Geschlecht sowie der muskulaeren Querschnittsflaeche des M. quadriceps der jeweiligen Probanden. Schlussfolgerung: Geschlecht und Alter eines Probanden beeinflussen phosphor-spektroskopische Parameter. Dieser Einfluss muss bei der Interpretation phosphorspektroskopischer Studien beruecksichtigt werden. (orig.)

THE GLOBAL TANDEM-X DEM: PRODUCTION STATUS AND FIRST VALIDATION RESULTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Huber

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The TanDEM-X mission will derive a global digital elevation model (DEM with satellite SAR interferometry. Two radar satellites (TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X will map the Earth in a resolution and accuracy with an absolute height error of 10m and a relative height error of 2m for 90% of the data. In order to fulfill the height requirements in general two global coverages are acquired and processed. Besides the final TanDEM-X DEM, an intermediate DEM with reduced accuracy is produced after the first coverage is completed. The last step in the whole workflow for generating the TanDEM-X DEM is the calibration of remaining systematic height errors and the merge of single acquisitions to 1°x1° DEM tiles. In this paper the current status of generating the intermediate DEM and first validation results based on GPS tracks, laser scanning DEMs, SRTM data and ICESat points are shown for different test sites.

Influence of the user behaviour on the design and the power requirement of systems for heating, ventilation and hot-water in low-energy buildings; Einfluss des Nutzerverhaltens auf die Auslegung und den Energiebedarf von Anlagen zur Heizung und Warmwasserbereitung im Niedrigenergiehaus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luedemann, B.; Schmitz, G.

2000-07-01

The low-energy standard of new buildings (energy savings regulation 2000) causes a clear shift of the energy consumption of modern houses toward the heat requirement for the ventilation of buildings and for the hot-water supply, which in each case depends strongly on the habits of the user and his requirements for comfort. With the help of the dynamic simulation the interactions between users, building and the equipment technology for heating, ventilation and hot-water supply were analyzed. The main cause variables were detected and resultant conclusions for planning and design of building services systems in low-energy buildings are drawn. (orig.) [German] Die Energiesparverordnung (ESVO) wird die Waermeschutzverordnung und die Heizungsanlagen-Verordnung zusammenfassen und soll zu einer weiteren Absenkung des Energiebedarfes von Neubauten um 30% gegenueber dem aktuell gueltigen Standard fuehren. Mit der ESVO soll insbesondere die installierte Haustechnik in eine gesamtheitliche energetische Bewertung der Gebaeude miteinbezogen werden. In einem Forschungsprojekt der TU Hamburg-Harburg wurden daher Planungshinweise fuer Heizungs-, Lueftungs- und Warmwasseranlagen in Niedrigenergiehaeusern (NEH) erarbeitet. Dabei wurde insbesondere der Einfluss des Nutzerverhaltens in die Betrachtung miteinbezogen. (orig.)

Saarbergwerke AG. Report on the business year 1995; Saarbergwerke AG. Bericht ueber das Geschaeftsjahr 1995

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-31

The business report 1995 contains informations about the position of the energy economics, the position of the Saarberg trust and the yearly balance. The activities of the Saarberg trust are reported. (RHM) [Deutsch] Der Geschaeftsbericht 1995 enthaelt Ausfuehrungen ueber die Lage der Energiewirtschaft, die Lage des Saarberg-Konzerns und den Jahresabschluss. Die Aktivitaeten des Saarberg-Konzerns werden dargestellt. (RHM)

kawaihae_dem.grd

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NGDC builds and distributes high-resolution, coastal digital elevation models (DEMs) that integrate ocean bathymetry and land topography to support NOAA's mission to...

The Importance of Precise Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in Modelling Floods

Science.gov (United States)

Demir, Gokben; Akyurek, Zuhal

2016-04-01

Digital elevation Models (DEM) are important inputs for topography for the accurate modelling of floodplain hydrodynamics. Floodplains have a key role as natural retarding pools which attenuate flood waves and suppress flood peaks. GPS, LIDAR and bathymetric surveys are well known surveying methods to acquire topographic data. It is not only time consuming and expensive to obtain topographic data through surveying but also sometimes impossible for remote areas. In this study it is aimed to present the importance of accurate modelling of topography for flood modelling. The flood modelling for Samsun-Terme in Blacksea region of Turkey is done. One of the DEM is obtained from the point observations retrieved from 1/5000 scaled orthophotos and 1/1000 scaled point elevation data from field surveys at x-sections. The river banks are corrected by using the orthophotos and elevation values. This DEM is named as scaled DEM. The other DEM is obtained from bathymetric surveys. 296 538 number of points and the left/right bank slopes were used to construct the DEM having 1 m spatial resolution and this DEM is named as base DEM. Two DEMs were compared by using 27 x-sections. The maximum difference at thalweg of the river bed is 2m and the minimum difference is 20 cm between two DEMs. The channel conveyance capacity in base DEM is larger than the one in scaled DEM and floodplain is modelled in detail in base DEM. MIKE21 with flexible grid is used in 2- dimensional shallow water flow modelling. The model by using two DEMs were calibrated for a flood event (July 9, 2012). The roughness is considered as the calibration parameter. From comparison of input hydrograph at the upstream of the river and output hydrograph at the downstream of the river, the attenuation is obtained as 91% and 84% for the base DEM and scaled DEM, respectively. The time lag in hydrographs does not show any difference for two DEMs and it is obtained as 3 hours. Maximum flood extents differ for the two DEMs

Building automation - terms, guidelines, norms. Regulations for a recent technology; Gebaeudeautomation - Begriffe, Richtlinien, Normen. Regelwerke einer jungen Technik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kranz, H.R. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 22 of the anthology about building control the field of building automation with respect to terms, guidelines and norms is described. The following aspects are discussed: digital building automation ranging from the technology to the company, functions as basics of building automation, normative basics of technical building systems, overview of relevant norms in the field of heating, ventilation, climate, contract procedure for building works and supplies, standardisation of building cabling, standardisation ``electric system technology for houses and buildings``. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 22 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Themenbereich der Gebaeudeautomation vor dem Hintergrund der Begriffe, Richtlinien und Normen gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themen angesprochen: Digitale GA - von der Technologie zum Gewerk; Funktionen als Grundlage der Gebaeudeautomation; Nomenklatur digitaler Gebaeudeautomation; Normative Grundlagen Technischer Gebaeudesysteme; Uebersicht ueber relevante Normen im HLK-Bereich; Verbingungsordnung fuer Bauleistungen; Normung der Gebaeudeverkabelung; Normung `Elektrische Systemtechnik fuer Heim und Gebaeude`. (BWI)

Hydrogen in motor car engineering. Production, storage, use. 3. rev. ed.; Wasserstoff in der Fahrzeugtechnik. Erzeugung, Speicherung, Anwendung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eichlseder, Helmut [Technische Univ., Graz (Austria). Inst. fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik; Klell, Manfred [HyCentA Research GmbH, Graz (Austria)

2012-07-01

The book outlines the various aspects of properties, generation, storage and uses of hydrogen. The focus is on the thermodynamics of hydrogen storage and on its applications in vehicle engineering and energy engineering. Using the example of current research projects of TU Graz university and HyCentA, the state of the art is presented in some detail. The sections on fuel cells for automotive power generation, hydrogen/methane mixtures and legal and safety aspects have been updated. [German] Dieses Buch bietet einen allgemeinen Ueberblick ueber die verschiedenen Aspekte von Eigenschaften, Erzeugung, Speicherung und Anwendung von Wasserstoff. Schwerpunkte liegen auf der Thermodynamik der Speicherung von Wasserstoff sowie auf der Anwendung in der Fahrzeugtechnik und in der Energietechnik. Mit Bezug zu Forschungsvorhaben an der TU Graz und dem HyCentA wird der aktuelle Stand der Technik fundiert dargestellt. Aktualisiert und ergaenzt wurden vor allem die Abschnitte ueber Brennstoffzellen zur Stromerzeugung fuer Elektroantriebe, ueber Gemische aus Wasserstoff und Methan sowie ueber Fragen von Recht und Sicherheit.

Undistorted, crack-free and low-cost ceramic components for the transportation, power and medical sector - numerical simulation of pressing and sintering. Final report; Formgenaue, rissfreie und kostenguenstige Bauteile aus Keramik fuer die Verkehrs-, Energie- und Medizintechnik - Numerische Simulation des Pressens und Sinterns. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stingl, P.; Wittig, F.

1999-02-01

One of the economically most important production routes for ceramic parts is die pressing and sintering. Up to now the development cycle is mainly based on empirical experience and sample production. Success or failure can be often determined only after sintering. This procedure is time and cost-intensive and sometimes could lead to the conclusion that a part is not producible at all considering economical restrictions. Finite element simulations in combination with appropriate material laws for pressing and sintering allow qualitative and quantitative predictions of undesirable distortions. Agreement with experimental data of real parts is very good. Using these simulations, the development time of a new part can be significantly reduced by optimizing die geometries, punch movements or temperature-time-curves during sintering. Thus, an effective method to improve the quality is available. (orig.) [German] Das Konstruieren und Einrichten von Werkzeugen wurde bisher hauptsaechlich ueber Musterproduktionen sowie ueber empirische Erfahrungswerte abgestimmt. Erfolg oder Misserfolg konnte oft erst nach dem Sintern beurteilt werden. Dieses Vorgehen ist zeit- und kostenintensiv und fuehrt manchmal nach langen und zeitintensiven Versuchsreihen zu dem Ergebnis, dass ein Bauteil ueber Trockenpresstechnik nicht oder nur mit unzureichender Prozesssicherheit hergestellt werden kann. Mit der numerischen Simulation des Pressens und Sinterns ist es moeglich, die Gruendichteunterschiede und damit auch den Sinterverzug beim Pressen rein rechnerisch zu ermitteln. Die Uebereinstimmung der Simulationsergebnisse mit dem realen Bauteil ist sehr gut. Damit koennen die Realisierbarkeit komplizierter Bauteile bereits am Rechner ueberprueft und Korrekturmassnahmen vorgeschlagen werden. Eine effektive Methode zur Qualitaetsverbesserung ist damit gegeben. (orig.)

Research on the method of extracting DEM based on GBInSAR

Science.gov (United States)

Yue, Jianping; Yue, Shun; Qiu, Zhiwei; Wang, Xueqin; Guo, Leping

2016-05-01

Precise topographical information has a very important role in geology, hydrology, natural resources survey and deformation monitoring. The extracting DEM technology based on synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) obtains the three-dimensional elevation of the target area through the phase information of the radar image data. The technology has large-scale, high-precision, all-weather features. By changing track in the location of the ground radar system up and down, it can form spatial baseline. Then we can achieve the DEM of the target area by acquiring image data from different angles. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology can quickly, efficiently and accurately obtain DEM of target area, which can verify the accuracy of DEM extracted by GBInSAR. But research on GBInSAR in extracting DEM of the target area is a little. For lack of theory and lower accuracy problems in extracting DEM based on GBInSAR now, this article conducted research and analysis on its principle deeply. The article extracted the DEM of the target area, combined with GBInSAR data. Then it compared the DEM obtained by GBInSAR with the DEM obtained by three-dimensional laser scan data and made statistical analysis and normal distribution test. The results showed the DEM obtained by GBInSAR was broadly consistent with the DEM obtained by three-dimensional laser scanning. And its accuracy is high. The difference of both DEM approximately obeys normal distribution. It indicated that extracting the DEM of target area based on GBInSAR is feasible and provided the foundation for the promotion and application of GBInSAR.

Automated Quality Control for Ortholmages and DEMs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Höhle, Joachim; Potucková, Marketa

2005-01-01

The checking of geometric accurancy of orthoimages and digital elevation models (DEMs) is discussed. As a reference, an existing orthoimage and a second orthoimage derived from an overlapping aerial image, are used. The proposed automated procedures for checking the orthoimages and DEMs are based...

Estimating River Surface Elevation From ArcticDEM

Science.gov (United States)

Dai, Chunli; Durand, Michael; Howat, Ian M.; Altenau, Elizabeth H.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.

2018-04-01

ArcticDEM is a collection of 2-m resolution, repeat digital surface models created from stereoscopic satellite imagery. To demonstrate the potential of ArcticDEM for measuring river stages and discharges, we estimate river surface heights along a reach of Tanana River near Fairbanks, Alaska, by the precise detection of river shorelines and mapping of shorelines to land surface elevation. The river height profiles over a 15-km reach agree with in situ measurements to a standard deviation less than 30 cm. The time series of ArcticDEM-derived river heights agree with the U.S. Geological Survey gage measurements with a standard deviation of 32 cm. Using the rating curve for that gage, we obtain discharges with a validation accuracy (root-mean-square error) of 234 m3/s (23% of the mean discharge). Our results demonstrate that ArcticDEM can accurately measure spatial and temporal variations of river surfaces, providing a new and powerful data set for hydrologic analysis.

Algumas anedotas sobre Demóstenes: uma releitura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maddalena Vallozza

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Muitas das anedotas sobre Demóstenes estão relacionados a seus problemas de voz e a suas dificuldades no momento da hypokrisis. Eu proponho uma reinterpretação das páginas em que eles nos são transmitidos: de Quintiliano (11, 3, a principal testemunha, a Cícero (Orator 26 e 56-58, Brutus 142, De Oratore I 261 e III 213, do autor da seção sobre Demóstenes nas Vidas dos Dez Oradores (844 d-845 b à Vida de Demóstene, de Plutarco. Com base nisso, particularmente graças a Plutarco, que cita Hermipo e Demétrio de Fáleros, é possível formular a hipótese de que a tradição nasceu no Perípato, na área de interesses pela hypokrisis que demonstram o perdido Perì hypokríseos de Teofrasto e os fragmentos da Retórica de Demétrio de Fáleros.

ASTER Orthorectified Digital Elevation Model (DEM) V003

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The ASTER L3 DEM and Orthorectified Images form a multi-file product that contains both the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and the Orthorectified Image products....

57th report of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Annual report 2000; 57. Bericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Jahresbericht 2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-08-01

This is the 57th annual report of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW) on Rhine water quality from the view of drinking water supply. The positive trends continued in some fields, especially in the case of chloride concentrations and freights. On the other hand, there was a significant increase of some organic pollutants like DTPA, glyphosate and AMPA. The microbiological specifications of the new Drinking Water Ordinance and the concentrations of tensides and their metabolites are gone into. The ARW is worried about new or newly identified organic substances in Rhine water, especially as there is a lack of toxicological data on these substances and of data concerning their behaviour during freshwater preparation for drinking. [German] Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW) legt hiermit ihren nunmehr 57. Jahresbericht vor, in dem ueber ihre Aktivitaeten und wichtige Ergebnisse aus dem Untersuchungsprogramm der Rhein-Wasserwerke berichtet wird. Wie in den Vorjahren steht im Mittelpunkt der fachlichen Arbeiten der ARW die Bewertung der Rheinwasserbeschaffenheit aus Sicht der Trinkwasserversorgung. Im ersten Teil dieses Jahresberichtes sind die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammengefasst, die insgesamt erkennen lassen, dass sich die positiven Tendenzen bei vielen Wassergueteparametern auch im Berichtsjahr 2000 fortgesetzt haben. Dies gilt vor allem fuer die Chlorid-Konzentrationen und -Frachten im Rhein, die im Vergleich zum Vorjahr deutlich zurueckgegangen sind. Im Gegensatz dazu haben die Konzentrationen einiger organischer Einzelstoffe, wie z. B. DTPA sowie Glyphosat und AMPA, im Jahr 2000 z. T. deutlich zugenommen. Weiterhin sind in diesem Jahresbericht eine ausfuehrliche Zusammenstellung ueber die mikrobiologischen Anforderungen, die sich aus der neuen Trinkwasserverordnung ergeben sowie ein Bericht ueber das Vorkommen von Tensiden und deren Metaboliten in Oberflaechengewaessern, wie z. B. im Rhein, enthalten. Insbesondere das Auftreten

Envolving the Operations of the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X Mission Planning System during the TanDEM-X Science Phase

OpenAIRE

Stathopoulos, Fotios; Guillermin, Guillaume; Garcia Acero, Carlos; Reich, Karin; Mrowka, Falk

2016-01-01

After the successful Global Coverage of the Digital Elevation Model, the TanDEM-X Science phase was initiated in September of 2014, dedicated to the demonstration of innovative techniques and experiments. The TanDEM-X Science phase had a large impact on the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X Mission Planning System. The two main challenges were the formation flying changes and the activation of a new acquisition mode, the so called Dual Receive Antenna (DRA) acquisition mode. This paper describes all action...

A comparative appraisal of hydrological behavior of SRTM DEM at catchment level

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Arabinda; Tiwari, K. N.

2014-11-01

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data has emerged as a global elevation data in the past one decade because of its free availability, homogeneity and consistent accuracy compared to other global elevation dataset. The present study explores the consistency in hydrological behavior of the SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) with reference to easily available regional 20 m contour interpolated DEM (TOPO DEM). Analysis ranging from simple vertical accuracy assessment to hydrological simulation of the studied Maithon catchment, using empirical USLE model and semidistributed, physical SWAT model, were carried out. Moreover, terrain analysis involving hydrological indices was performed for comparative assessment of the SRTM DEM with respect to TOPO DEM. Results reveal that the vertical accuracy of SRTM DEM (±27.58 m) in the region is less than the specified standard (±16 m). Statistical analysis of hydrological indices such as topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), slope length factor (SLF) and geometry number (GN) shows a significant differences in hydrological properties of the two studied DEMs. Estimation of soil erosion potentials of the catchment and conservation priorities of microwatersheds of the catchment using SRTM DEM and TOPO DEM produce considerably different results. Prediction of soil erosion potential using SRTM DEM is far higher than that obtained using TOPO DEM. Similarly, conservation priorities determined using the two DEMs are found to be agreed for only 34% of microwatersheds of the catchment. ArcSWAT simulation reveals that runoff predictions are less sensitive to selection of the two DEMs as compared to sediment yield prediction. The results obtained in the present study are vital to hydrological analysis as it helps understanding the hydrological behavior of the DEM without being influenced by the model structural as well as parameter uncertainty. It also reemphasized that SRTM DEM can be a valuable dataset for

Theoretical and experimental studies on the improvement of the time structure of the extracted electron beam from the stretcher ring ELSA; Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Verbesserung der Zeitstruktur des extrahierten Elektronenstrahls aus dem Stretcherring ELSA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neckenig, M.

1993-03-01

Phaenomene erklaert, die im praktischen Betrieb einen Einfluss auf das Tastverhaeltnis haben. Aus dem Modell wurde ein Algorithmus abgeleitet, der die automatische Erzeugung einer Steuerkurve fuer die Veraenderung des Maschinenarbeitspunktes waehrend der Extraktion erlaubt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Mechanismus der Resonanzextraktion aus ELSA verstanden ist, was dadurch untermauert wird, dass sich das erreichte Tastverhaeltnis sehr gut mit dem Wert deckt, der theoretisch bei Beruecksichtigung der erkannten Effekte berechnet werden kann.

Wirkung mineralischer N-Düngung auf Blatterträge und Scopolamingehalte von Duboisia sp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oster, Sabine

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Duboisia wird als Rohstofflieferant für Scopolamin verwendet. Dieses Tropanalkaloid wird aus dem Blattmaterial von Duboisia Arthybriden gewonnen und dient als Wirkstoff zur Therapie der Reisekrankheit sowie als Ausgangsstoff für partialsynthetische Anticholinergika. Für die effiziente Produktion sind hohe Erträge an Biomasse bei möglichst hohem Wirkstoffgehalt wünschenswert. Eine der abiotischen Einflussgrößen ist die Stickstoffernährung. Der hier beschriebene Freilandversuch stellt den Einfluss von vier unterschiedlich hohen N-Düngungsgaben (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha, 100+100 kg N/ha mit Kalkammonsalpeter (KAS auf drei Genotypen dar. Die N-Düngung zeigte keinen Einfluss auf den Scopolamingehalt, jedoch stieg mit erhöhter N-Menge die Biomasse signifikant an.

S1-Leitlinie Lipödem.

Science.gov (United States)

Reich-Schupke, Stefanie; Schmeller, Wilfried; Brauer, Wolfgang Justus; Cornely, Manuel E; Faerber, Gabriele; Ludwig, Malte; Lulay, Gerd; Miller, Anya; Rapprich, Stefan; Richter, Dirk Frank; Schacht, Vivien; Schrader, Klaus; Stücker, Markus; Ure, Christian

2017-07-01

Die vorliegende überarbeitete Leitlinie zum Lipödem wurde unter der Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie (DGP) erstellt und finanziert. Die Inhalte beruhen auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und dem Konsens von acht medizinischen Fachgesellschaften und Berufsverbänden. Die Leitlinie beinhaltet Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie des Lipödems. Die Diagnose ist dabei auf der Basis von Anamnese und klinischem Befund zu stellen. Charakteristisch ist eine umschriebene, symmetrisch lokalisierte Vermehrung des Unterhautfettgewebes an den Extremitäten mit deutlicher Disproportion zum Stamm. Zusätzlich finden sich Ödeme, Hämatomneigung und eine gesteigerte Schmerzhaftigkeit der betroffenen Körperabschnitte. Weitere apparative Untersuchungen sind bisher besonderen Fragestellungen vorbehalten. Die Erkrankung ist chronisch progredient mit individuell unterschiedlichem und nicht vorhersehbarem Verlauf. Die Therapie besteht aus vier Säulen, die individuell kombiniert und an das aktuelle Beschwerdebild angepasst werden sollten: komplexe physikalische Entstauungstherapie (manuelle Lymphdrainage, Kompressionstherapie, Bewegungstherapie, Hautpflege), Liposuktion und plastisch-chirurgische Interventionen, Ernährung und körperliche Aktivität sowie ggf. additive Psychotherapie. Operative Maßnahmen sind insbesondere dann angezeigt, wenn trotz konsequent durchgeführter konservativer Therapie noch Beschwerden bestehen bzw. eine Progredienz des Befundes und/oder der Beschwerden auftritt. Eine begleitend zum Lipödem bestehende morbide Adipositas sollte vor einer Liposuktion therapeutisch angegangen werden. © 2017 The Authors | Journal compilation © Blackwell Verlag GmbH, Berlin.

Large Scale Landform Mapping Using Lidar DEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Türkay Gökgöz

2015-08-01

Full Text Available In this study, LIDAR DEM data was used to obtain a primary landform map in accordance with a well-known methodology. This primary landform map was generalized using the Focal Statistics tool (Majority, considering the minimum area condition in cartographic generalization in order to obtain landform maps at 1:1000 and 1:5000 scales. Both the primary and the generalized landform maps were verified visually with hillshaded DEM and an orthophoto. As a result, these maps provide satisfactory visuals of the landforms. In order to show the effect of generalization, the area of each landform in both the primary and the generalized maps was computed. Consequently, landform maps at large scales could be obtained with the proposed methodology, including generalization using LIDAR DEM.

Indium-111 octreotide uptake in the surgical scar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Degirmenci, B.; Bekis, R.; Durak, H.; Derebeck, E. [Dokuz Eylul Univ., Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine; Sen, M. [Dokuz Eylul Univ., Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Radiation Oncology

1999-07-01

Indium-111 octreotide uptake has been reported in various somatostatin receptor positive tumors, granulomas and autoimmune diseases in which activated leucocytes may play a role, subcutaneous cavernous hemangioma and angiofibroma. We present Indium-111 octreotide uptake in a surgical abdominal scar tissue 1.5 to 6 months after surgery in a patient who had been treated for recurrent carcinoid tumor in the rectosigmoid junction. Indium-111 octreotide uptake in a surgical scar may be related to the binding to somatostatin receptors in the activated lymphocytes and fibroblasts that is previously reported. (orig.) [German] In verschiedenen Somatostatinrezeptor-positiven Tumoren, Granulomen, bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, in denen aktivierte Leukozyten eine Rolle spielen, subcutanen kavernoesen Hammangiomen und Angiofibromen wurde ueber die Anreicherung von Indium-111-Oktreotid berichtet. Wir berichten ueber die Anreicherung von Indium-111-Oktreotid in einer chirurgischen Narbe ueber dem Abdomen nach 1,5 und 6 Monaten bei einem Patienten mit einem Rezidiv-Karzinoid im rektosigmoidalen Uebergang. Die Anreicherung von Indium-111-Oktreotid in chirurgischen Narbengewebe koennte in Zusammenhang stehen mit einer Bindung an Somatostationrezeptoren in aktivierten Lymphozyten und Fibroblasten, ueber die schon berichtet wurde. (orig.)

Biomass utilisation seen against the background of AGENDA 21; Biomassenutzung vor dem Hintergrund der AGENDA 21

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoenwiesner-Bozkurt, C. [efreso AG, Muenchen (Germany)

2000-07-01

From 3 to 14 June 1992 Rio de Janeiro was host to the largest conference that had ever taken place up to that point in human history, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). One major programmatic outcome of the conference was the approval of Agenda 21. This document was signed by 179 states, but it is not binding under international law. Altogether AGENDA 21 comprises 40 chapters. The present paper draws on a selection of these chapters to exemplify the significance of energy production from biomass and its relationship with the goals of Agenda 21. The author has refrained from discussing the issue of climate and energy policy in a wider context, as this matter will undoubtedly already be known to the reader. [German] Zwischen dem 03. und 14. Juni 1992 fand in Rio die bis dahin groesste Konferenz der Menschheitsgeschichte statt. Die Konferenz der Vereinten Nationen ueber Umwelt und Entwicklung 'United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)'. Als greifbares programmatisches Ergebnis der Konferenz wurde am Ende die Agenda 21 verabschiedet. Sie wurde von 179 Staaten unterzeichnet, ist aber voelkerrechtlich nicht verbindlich. Insgesamt umfasst die Agenda 21 40 Einzelkapitel. Beispielhaft soll anhand einiger Kapitel die Bedeutung und der Zusammenhang zwischen der energetischen Nutzung der Biomasse und den Zielen der Agenda 21 aufgezeigt werden. Bewusst wird hierbei der Themenbereich 'Klima- und Energiepolitik' nicht weiter betrachtet, da dieser Zusammenhang den Teilnehmern sicherlich bekannt ist. (orig.)

Research on a dem Coregistration Method Based on the SAR Imaging Geometry

Science.gov (United States)

Niu, Y.; Zhao, C.; Zhang, J.; Wang, L.; Li, B.; Fan, L.

2018-04-01

Due to the systematic error, especially the horizontal deviation that exists in the multi-source, multi-temporal DEMs (Digital Elevation Models), a method for high precision coregistration is needed. This paper presents a new fast DEM coregistration method based on a given SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging geometry to overcome the divergence and time-consuming problem of the conventional DEM coregistration method. First, intensity images are simulated for two DEMs under the given SAR imaging geometry. 2D (Two-dimensional) offsets are estimated in the frequency domain using the intensity cross-correlation operation in the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) tool, which can greatly accelerate the calculation process. Next, the transformation function between two DEMs is achieved via the robust least-square fitting of 2D polynomial operation. Accordingly, two DEMs can be precisely coregistered. Last, two DEMs, i.e., one high-resolution LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) DEM and one low-resolution SRTM (Shutter Radar Topography Mission) DEM, covering the Yangjiao landslide region of Chongqing are taken as an example to test the new method. The results indicate that, in most cases, this new method can achieve not only a result as much as 80 times faster than the minimum elevation difference (Least Z-difference, LZD) DEM registration method, but also more accurate and more reliable results.

Effekte von Xenohormonen auf die limnischen Invertebraten Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda) und Marisa cornuarietis (Mollusca, Prosobranchia)

OpenAIRE

Schirling, Martin

2005-01-01

In dieser Arbeit werden Effekte von Xenohormonen auf Gammarus fossarum und Marisa cornuarietis anhand verschiedener Parameter, auf unterschiedlichen biologischen Ebenen dargestellt. In einem Laborexperiment mit G. fossarum, das Grundlage für weitere Untersuchungen im Rahmen dieser Arbeit war, konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Stressproteine hsp90 und hsp70 im Laufe der Oocytenreifung gegenläufig verhalten. Sowohl in einem Freilandversuch, bei dem der Einfluss von Kläranlageneinleitern ...

3D-Druck: Wie additive Fertigungsverfahren die Wirtschaft und deren Supply Chains revolutionieren

OpenAIRE

Hofmann, Erik; Oettmeier, Katrin

2016-01-01

Die additive Fertigung – weitläufig bekannt unter dem Begriff »3D-Druck« – erfreut sich zunehmender Aufmerksamkeit. Obwohl diese Technologien vielfältige Potenziale in unterschiedlichen Branchen haben, ist deren Nutzung zur Herstellung industrieller Produkte bislang wenig verbreitet. Anhand einer Befragung unter 195 Schweizer Unternehmen untersucht dieser Artikel Faktoren, die einen Einfluss auf die Nutzung von additiven Fertigungstechnologien haben. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, da...

Effects of chemicals on terrestrial ecosystems exhibiting different types of stability. Pt. 2. Application of fractal geometry to structural analysis in terrestrial ecotoxicology; Auswirkungen von Chemikalien auf terrestrische Oekosysteme unterschiedlichen Stabilitaetstyps. T. 2. Anwendung der fraktalen Geometrie zur Strukturanalyse in der terrestrischen Oekotoxikologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bornkamm, R.; Darius, F.

1995-04-01

terrestrischer Oekosysteme auf anthropogene Fremdstoffe messbar und interpretationsfaehig sind, wurden zwei Vegetationstypen getestet, deren Arten sich primaer in ihrer Verbreitungsstrategie (ueber Samen bzw. ueber Knospen) unterscheiden, die hier aber auch von Pflanzen unterschiedlicher Klassen aufgebaut werden. Als Chemikalien wurden zwei niedrig dosierte Herbizide (2.4.5-T und Atrazin) verwendet, die auf vielen wichtigen Ebenen des Pflanzenorganismus Wirkungen ausloesen. Es konnten an Staerke und Dauer ganz unterschiedliche Reaktionen in den beiden Systemen beobachtet werden. Die Frage aufgrund dieser Beobachtungen war, welche generellen Aussagen sich ueber Ausmass und Reversibilitaet dieser Eingriffe bzw. Veraenderungen fuer die getesteten Systeme treffen lassen. Hierzu mussten die vermuteten Vorgaenge innerhalb der Pflanzengemeinschaften in ein Modell gefasst und interpretiert werden. Mit dem vorgestellten Modell ist es moeglich, den Weg von der individuellen Strassenreaktion zur komplexen Systemantwort nachzuverfolgen. Verschiedene Simulationsergebnisse konnten direkt mit Reaktionen getesteter realer Oekosysteme verglichen werden, oder fuehrten zu Hypothesen, die sich experimentell pruefen liessen. Im Bereich der terrestrischen Oekotoxikologie sind u.E. neben den (fuer die laufenden Zulassungsverfahren) notwendigen Datensammlungen aus empirischen Substanzpruefungen auch weitere Grundlagenforschungen wichtig. Denn eine Vorhersage ueber die konkrete Entwicklung eines bestimmten Oekosystems (mit oder ohne anthropogenem `Stess`) scheint auf Grund theoretischer Argumente wenig realistisch, bei ausreichender Kenntnis aber von typbezogenen Systemreaktionen und Einfluss von Randbedingungen koennen immerhin Aussagen ueber die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Effekten erwartet werden. (orig.)

Dem Gemeinwohl verpflichtet? Was motiviert die Beschäftigten des öffentlichen Dienstes?

OpenAIRE

Vogel, Dominik

2011-01-01

Die Arbeit befasst sich theoretisch und empirisch mit der so genannten Public Service Motivation (PSM) und ihrem Zusammenhang zu anderen psychologischen Motivationstheorien. Die Public Service Motivation geht davon aus, dass öffentlich Beschäftigte unter anderem dadurch motiviert sind, dass sie in ihrer Arbeit einen Dienst am Gemeinwohl sehen. Auf Basis einer empirischen Erhebung konnte dieses Konstrukt auch für Beschäftigte in Deutschland nachgewiesen und der Einfluss soziodemographischer Va...

Dem Gemeinwohl verpflichtet? - Was motiviert die Beschäftigten des öffentlichen Dienstes?

OpenAIRE

Vogel, Dominik

2011-01-01

Die Arbeit befasst sich theoretisch und empirisch mit der so genannten Public Service Motivation (PSM) und ihrem Zusammenhang zu anderen psychologischen Motivationstheorien. Die Public Service Motivation geht davon aus, dass öffentlich Beschäftigte unter anderem dadurch motiviert sind, dass sie in ihrer Arbeit einen Dienst am Gemeinwohl sehen. Auf Basis einer empirischen Erhebung konnte dieses Konstrukt auch für Beschäftigte in Deutschland nachgewiesen und der Einfluss soziodemographischer Va...

Combined heat and power generation. A guide for towns and communities, trade and industry; Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung. Ein Leitfaden fuer Staedte und Gemeinden, Gewerbe und Industrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-07-01

The brochure describes the cogeneration technology and explains its advantages. Fields of application and potential users are characterized. The technical and economic prospects are outlined, as well as the cost-profit ratios and the chances and problems of this technology. [German] Die vorliegende Broschuere will dem Leser einen Ueberblick ueber die Thematik der KWK geben und einen Beitrag zu ihrer Foerderung leisten. Die Broschuere will: - Ueber KWK informieren, - die Vorteile der KWK erlaeutern, - die Anwendungsfelder und die moeglichen Anwender charakterisieren, - die technisch-wirtschaftlichen Moeglichkeiten fuer die Nutzung der kW aufzeigen, - die Kosten-Nutzen-Relationen und die wirtschaftlichen Chancen und Probleme der KWK verdeutlichen. (orig.)

Precise baseline determination for the TanDEM-X mission

Science.gov (United States)

Koenig, Rolf; Moon, Yongjin; Neumayer, Hans; Wermuth, Martin; Montenbruck, Oliver; Jäggi, Adrian

The TanDEM-X mission will strive for generating a global precise Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by way of bi-static SAR in a close formation of the TerraSAR-X satellite, already launched on June 15, 2007, and the TanDEM-X satellite to be launched in May 2010. Both satellites carry the Tracking, Occultation and Ranging (TOR) payload supplied by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The TOR consists of a high-precision dual-frequency GPS receiver, called Integrated GPS Occultation Receiver (IGOR), and a Laser retro-reflector (LRR) for precise orbit determination (POD) and atmospheric sounding. The IGOR is of vital importance for the TanDEM-X mission objectives as the millimeter level determination of the baseline or distance between the two spacecrafts is needed to derive meter level accurate DEMs. Within the TanDEM-X ground segment GFZ is responsible for the operational provision of precise baselines. For this GFZ uses two software chains, first its Earth Parameter and Orbit System (EPOS) software and second the BERNESE software, for backup purposes and quality control. In a concerted effort also the German Aerospace Center (DLR) generates precise baselines independently with a dedicated Kalman filter approach realized in its FRNS software. By the example of GRACE the generation of baselines with millimeter accuracy from on-board GPS data can be validated directly by way of comparing them to the intersatellite K-band range measurements. The K-band ranges are accurate down to the micrometer-level and therefore may be considered as truth. Both TanDEM-X baseline providers are able to generate GRACE baselines with sub-millimeter accuracy. By merging the independent baselines by GFZ and DLR, the accuracy can even be increased. The K-band validation however covers solely the along-track component as the K-band data measure just the distance between the two GRACE satellites. In addition they inhibit an un-known bias which must be modelled in the comparison, so the

Freiwillige Selbstverpflichtung von Unternehmen in Antikorruptionsinitiativen: Der Einfluss des nationalen Kontextes auf internationales Engagement am Beispiel chinesischer und indischer Unternehmen

OpenAIRE

Bargstädt, Dorothee

2017-01-01

Die Länder China und Indien stehen für den Beginn des "Asian Century". Da den Ländern und ihren nationalen Unternehmen ein starker Einfluss auf wirtschaftliche Entscheidungen der Zukunft bescheinigt wird, rücken Themen wie die gesellschaftliche Verantwortung von Unternehmen in den Fokus. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob sich das Engagement von chinesischen und indischen Unternehmen in internationalen Antikorruptionsinitiativen unterscheidet. Dazu werden die CSR-Reports der 30 größten chi...

Hydraulic correction method (HCM) to enhance the efficiency of SRTM DEM in flood modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Huili; Liang, Qiuhua; Liu, Yong; Xie, Shuguang

2018-04-01

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is one of the most important controlling factors determining the simulation accuracy of hydraulic models. However, the currently available global topographic data is confronted with limitations for application in 2-D hydraulic modeling, mainly due to the existence of vegetation bias, random errors and insufficient spatial resolution. A hydraulic correction method (HCM) for the SRTM DEM is proposed in this study to improve modeling accuracy. Firstly, we employ the global vegetation corrected DEM (i.e. Bare-Earth DEM), developed from the SRTM DEM to include both vegetation height and SRTM vegetation signal. Then, a newly released DEM, removing both vegetation bias and random errors (i.e. Multi-Error Removed DEM), is employed to overcome the limitation of height errors. Last, an approach to correct the Multi-Error Removed DEM is presented to account for the insufficiency of spatial resolution, ensuring flow connectivity of the river networks. The approach involves: (a) extracting river networks from the Multi-Error Removed DEM using an automated algorithm in ArcGIS; (b) correcting the location and layout of extracted streams with the aid of Google Earth platform and Remote Sensing imagery; and (c) removing the positive biases of the raised segment in the river networks based on bed slope to generate the hydraulically corrected DEM. The proposed HCM utilizes easily available data and tools to improve the flow connectivity of river networks without manual adjustment. To demonstrate the advantages of HCM, an extreme flood event in Huifa River Basin (China) is simulated on the original DEM, Bare-Earth DEM, Multi-Error removed DEM, and hydraulically corrected DEM using an integrated hydrologic-hydraulic model. A comparative analysis is subsequently performed to assess the simulation accuracy and performance of four different DEMs and favorable results have been obtained on the corrected DEM.

Which DEM is best for analyzing fluvial landscape development in mountainous terrains?

Science.gov (United States)

Boulton, Sarah J.; Stokes, Martin

2018-06-01

Regional studies of fluvial landforms and long-term (Quaternary) landscape development in remote mountain landscapes routinely use satellite-derived DEM data sets. The SRTM and ASTER DEMs are the most commonly utilised because of their longer availability, free cost, and ease of access. However, rapid technological developments mean that newer and higher resolution DEM data sets such as ALOS World 3D (AW3D) and TanDEM-X are being released to the scientific community. Geomorphologists are thus faced with an increasingly problematic challenge of selecting an appropriate DEM for their landscape analyses. Here, we test the application of four medium resolution DEM products (30 m = SRTM, ASTER, AW3D; 12 m = TanDEM-X) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a fluvial mountain landscape using the Dades River catchment (High Atlas Mountains, Morocco). This landscape comprises significant DEM remote sensing challenges, notably a high mountain relief, steep slopes, and a deeply incised high sinuosity drainage network with narrow canyon/gorge reaches. Our goal was to see which DEM produced the most representative best fit drainage network and meaningful quantification. To achieve this, we used ArcGIS and Stream Profiler platforms to generate catchment hillshade and slope rasters and to extract drainage network, channel long profile and channel slope, and area data. TanDEM-X produces the clearest landscape representation but with channel routing errors in localised high relief areas. Thirty-metre DEMs are smoother and less detailed, but the AW3D shows the closest fit to the real drainage network configuration. The TanDEM-X elevation values are the closest to field-derived GPS measurements. Long profiles exhibit similar shapes but with minor differences in length, elevation, and the degree of noise/smoothing, with AW3D producing the best representation. Slope-area plots display similarly positioned slope-break knickpoints with modest differences in steepness and concavity

Accuracy of Cartosat-1 DEM and its derived attribute at multiple ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

and information content was compared using mean elevation, variance and entropy statistics. Various ... required, but for local studies large scale represen- tation is ... been made to examine the effect of DEM accuracy ... accuracy of DEM is evaluated with respect to grid .... that loss of entropy is a measure of DEM quality or.

Der Meteorologe : (aus dem Band "V". Tallinn 1998) / Elo Viiding ; aus dem Estnischen von Gisbert Jänicke

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Viiding, Elo, 1974-

2002-01-01

Sisu : Die Möglichkeit des Meteorologen = Meteoroloogi võimalikkusest ; "Der Meteorologe kam 1990 in die Stadt..." = "Meteoroloog saabus linna aastal 1990..." ; "Was wäre dir "Arbeit" des Meteorologen..." = "Mis oleks meteoroloogi töö..." ; "Und ein Unglück für den Meteorologen ist es auch..." = "Ja Meteoroloogi õnnetus on veel see..." ; Angst vor dem Altwerden des Meteorologen = Hirm Meteoroloogi vanakssaamise ees ; Fest. Geschenk = Pidu. Kink ; "Wenn der Meteorologe eine Grösse sieht, ist er darüber..." = "Kui meteoroloog näeb suurust, on ta selle kohal..." ; Der Meteorologe wird im Saal erwartet = Meteoroloogi oodatakse saali ; "Das Abkommen mit der Meteorologenerwartung kündigen..." = "Katkestada leping meteoroloogiootusega..." ; "Die "Wege des Herrn" sind der Meteorologe..." = "Looja tee" on Meteoroloog..." ; Von dem Fremden, der im Saal den Meteorologen traf = Võõra lugu, kes Meteoroloogi saalis kohtas ; "Den Fremden hervorzuhusten, der von dem..." = "Köhida enesest välja võõras, kes tahtis teha..." ; Der Fremde beruhigt sich nicht = Võõras ei jää rahule

Paths of science. An introduction to science theorie. 5. tot. new rev. and enl. ed.; Wege der Wissenschaft. Einfuehrung in die Wissenschaftstheorie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergemann, N. [Heidelberg Univ. (Germany). Psychiatrische Klinik; Altstoetter-Gleich, C. (eds.) [Landau Univ. (Germany). Fachbereich Psychologie; Chalmers, A.F.

2001-07-01

Chalmers' critical reflections on schools of science theory has become a standard work in academic teaching which has been translated into 15 languages. It owes its popularity to Chalmers' manner of presenting this complex subject in an easily understandable way using a wealth of illustrative examples. This tradition has been preserved in the present completely revised edition, which again has been supplemented by a number of chapters. In addition to providing an outstanding overview of classical approaches to science theory, i.e. inductionism, critical rationalism and falsificationism, and presenting the theories of Karl Popper, Imre Lakatos, Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend it also deals with more recent developments in science theory. Special emphasis is placed on the 'new experimentalism', the stochastic approach of Thomas Bayes, the nature of the laws of natural science and the current realism versus antirealism debate. [German] Chalmers kritische Reflexion ueber wissenschaftstheoretische Schulen ist zu einem Standardwerk universitaerer Lehre avanciert, das inzwischen in ueber 15 Sprachen uebersetzt wurde. Seine Popularitaet verdankt das Buch der Tatsache, dass es Chalmers gelingt, die komplexe Thematik in eine auch fuer Laien verstaendliche Form zu bringen und mit zahlreichen Beispielen zu illustrieren. In dieser voellig ueberarbeiteten und erneut um einige Kapitel erweiterten Auflagen bleibt Chalmers dieser Tradition treu. Es bietet nicht nur einen hervorragenden Ueberblick ueber klassische Ansaetze der Wissenschaftstheorie, den Induktivismus, den kritischen Rationalismus sowie den Falsifikationismus und stellt die Theorien von Karl Popper, Imre Lakatos, Thomas Kuhn und Paul Feyerabend vor, sondern geht auch auf neuere wissenschaftstheoretische Entwicklungen ein. Sein besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei der Bedeutung des Experiments und dem 'Neuen Experimentalismus', dem wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretischen Ansatz von Thomas Bayes, dem

Paths of science. An introduction to science theorie. 5. tot. new rev. and enl. ed.; Wege der Wissenschaft. Einfuehrung in die Wissenschaftstheorie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergemann, N [Heidelberg Univ. (Germany). Psychiatrische Klinik; Altstoetter-Gleich, C [Landau Univ. (Germany). Fachbereich Psychologie; Chalmers, A F

2001-07-01

Chalmers' critical reflections on schools of science theory has become a standard work in academic teaching which has been translated into 15 languages. It owes its popularity to Chalmers' manner of presenting this complex subject in an easily understandable way using a wealth of illustrative examples. This tradition has been preserved in the present completely revised edition, which again has been supplemented by a number of chapters. In addition to providing an outstanding overview of classical approaches to science theory, i.e. inductionism, critical rationalism and falsificationism, and presenting the theories of Karl Popper, Imre Lakatos, Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend it also deals with more recent developments in science theory. Special emphasis is placed on the 'new experimentalism', the stochastic approach of Thomas Bayes, the nature of the laws of natural science and the current realism versus antirealism debate. [German] Chalmers kritische Reflexion ueber wissenschaftstheoretische Schulen ist zu einem Standardwerk universitaerer Lehre avanciert, das inzwischen in ueber 15 Sprachen uebersetzt wurde. Seine Popularitaet verdankt das Buch der Tatsache, dass es Chalmers gelingt, die komplexe Thematik in eine auch fuer Laien verstaendliche Form zu bringen und mit zahlreichen Beispielen zu illustrieren. In dieser voellig ueberarbeiteten und erneut um einige Kapitel erweiterten Auflagen bleibt Chalmers dieser Tradition treu. Es bietet nicht nur einen hervorragenden Ueberblick ueber klassische Ansaetze der Wissenschaftstheorie, den Induktivismus, den kritischen Rationalismus sowie den Falsifikationismus und stellt die Theorien von Karl Popper, Imre Lakatos, Thomas Kuhn und Paul Feyerabend vor, sondern geht auch auf neuere wissenschaftstheoretische Entwicklungen ein. Sein besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei der Bedeutung des Experiments und dem 'Neuen Experimentalismus', dem wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretischen Ansatz von Thomas Bayes, dem Wesen naturwissenschaftlicher

Cross Validation on the Equality of Uav-Based and Contour-Based Dems

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, R.; Xu, Z.; Wu, L.; Liu, S.

2018-04-01

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have been widely used for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation in geographic applications. This paper proposes a novel framework of generating DEM from UAV images. It starts with the generation of the point clouds by image matching, where the flight control data are used as reference for searching for the corresponding images, leading to a significant time saving. Besides, a set of ground control points (GCP) obtained from field surveying are used to transform the point clouds to the user's coordinate system. Following that, we use a multi-feature based supervised classification method for discriminating non-ground points from ground ones. In the end, we generate DEM by constructing triangular irregular networks and rasterization. The experiments are conducted in the east of Jilin province in China, which has been suffered from soil erosion for several years. The quality of UAV based DEM (UAV-DEM) is compared with that generated from contour interpolation (Contour-DEM). The comparison shows a higher resolution, as well as higher accuracy of UAV-DEMs, which contains more geographic information. In addition, the RMSE errors of the UAV-DEMs generated from point clouds with and without GCPs are ±0.5 m and ±20 m, respectively.

2. Workshop 'Measuring Systems for Steady-State and Transient Multiphase Flows'; 2. Workshop 'Messtechnik fuer stationaere und transiente Mehrphasenstroemungen'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prasser, H.M. [ed.

1998-11-01

The 2nd Workshop on measuring systems for steady-state and transient multiphase flows was held at Rossendorf on September 24/25, 1988. 14 Papers were presented, whose subjects ranged from optical and radiometric methods to impedance sensors, hot film probes and model-assisted methods of measurement. In the field of computer simulation of multiphase flow, a trend towards 3D models was identified which makes higher demands on the spatial and time resolution and on the information volume to be acquired and processed. [German] Vom 24.-25. September 1998 fand in Rossendorf der 2. Workshop ueber Messtechnik fuer stationaere und transiente Mehrphasenstroemungen statt. Es standen 14 Vortraege auf dem Programm, das Spektrum reichte von optischen ueber radiometrische Methoden bis hin zu verschiedenen Impedanzsensoren, Heissfilmsonden und modellgestuetzten Messverfahren. Auf dem Gebiet der Computersimulation von Mehrphasenstroemungen zeichnet sich zunehmend der Uebergang zu dreidimensionalen Modellen ab. Hieraus ergeben sich neue Anforderungen an die Messtechnik, sowohl hinsichtlich der raeumlich-zeitlichen Aufloesung als auch was den Umfang der zu erfassenden Informationen betrifft. (orig./AKF)

Studies of adhesives and metal contacts on silicon strip sensors for the ATLAS Inner Tracker

OpenAIRE

Poley, Anne-Luise

2018-01-01

In dieser Dissertationen werden Untersuchungen zur Verwendung von Klebstoffen auf der Oberfläche von Silizium-Streifen-Sensoren für die Konstruktion von Detektormodulen für das ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade vorgestellt. Drei UV-härtende Klebstoffe wurden im Vergleich zu dem derzeitigen Standard-Klebstoff an 60 ATLAS07 Miniatur-Sensoren getestet. Der Einfluss von Bestrahlung auf die chemische Zusammensetzung aller verwendeten Klebstoffe wurde unter Verwendung von Standardmethoden zur chemischen A...

Determinants of gender-specific wages in Germany

OpenAIRE

Heinze, Anja

2009-01-01

Diese Arbeit besteht aus empirischen und methodischen Beiträgen zur Literatur über den deutschen Lohnunterschied zwischen Männern und Frauen. Bisher war es aus Mangel an geeigneten Daten nicht möglich, den potentiellen Einfluss von Arbeitgebern bzw. Firmen auf diesen Lohnunterschied zu untersuchen. Auf der Basis neuer Linked Employer-Employee Daten wird dies in drei empirischen Studien untersucht. Die erste Studie wendet sich dem innerbetrieblichen Lohnunterschied zu. Dabei zeigt sich, dass...

Impact of pretreatment variables on the outcome of {sup 131}I therapy with a standardized dose of 150 Gray in Graves` disease; Einfluss praetherapeutischer Variablen auf die Wirkung einer standardisierten {sup 131}J-Therapie mit 150 Gray beim Morbus Basedow

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pfeilschifter, J. [Heidelberg Univ., Radiologische Klinik (Germany). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin; Elser, H. [Medizinische Universitaetsklinik und Poliklinik Heidelberg (Germany). Abt. fuer Innere Medizin I; Haufe, S. [Medizinische Universitaetsklinik und Poliklinik Heidelberg (Germany). Abt. fuer Innere Medizin I; Ziegler, R. [Heidelberg Univ., Radiologische Klinik (Germany). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin; Georgi, P. [Medizinische Universitaetsklinik und Poliklinik Heidelberg (Germany). Abt. fuer Innere Medizin I

1997-04-01

waren die Hauptpraediktoren der posttherapeutischen Schilddruesenfunktion. Der Anteil an persistierenden Hyperthyreosen war bei aelteren Patienten mit einem Schilddruesenvolumen groesser 50 ml mit ueber 70% besonders hoch. Bei fast allen Patienten kam es zu einer deutlichen Verkleinerung der Schilddruese. Ausgangsvolumen und Lebensalter waren auch hier die Hauptpraediktoren der posttherapeutischen Schilddruesengroesse. Bei allen Patienten juenger als 50 Jahre kam es sogar unabhaengig von der Ausgangsgroesse zu einer Normalisierung des Schilddruesenvolumens. Schlussfolgerung: Eine Radiojodtherapie mit 150 Gray fuehrt bei den meisten Patienten mit einem Morbus Basedow zu einer deutlichen Verkleinerung der Schilddruese. Alter und initiales Volumen haben einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Funktion und Groesse der Schilddruese nach Therapie und sollten bei der Dosisfestlegung beruecksichtigt werden. (orig.)

Der Ritter mit dem Hemd : drei Fassungen einer mittelalterlichen Erzählung

OpenAIRE

Dunphy, Graeme

2011-01-01

Unter den zahlreichen Motiven, die in der mittelalterlichen Literatur mit Frauendienst verbunden sind, gehört das vom Ritter mit dem Hemd zu den besonders interessanten. Es erscheint zunächst in dem ersten von fünf Fabliaux aus einer verlorenen Turiner Handschrift, die dem sonst unbekannten altfranzösischen Dichter Jacques de Baisieux zugeschrieben werden, einer heiteren Kurzgeschichte mit dem Titel "Des trois chevaliers et del chainse". In der vorliegenden Untersuchung gilt es, der Frage der...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the TMJ: Influence on therapy and inter-observer agreement of two radiologists; Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) des Kiefergelenkes: Einfluss auf Therapieentscheidung und Uebereinstimmung zweier Auswerter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vahlensieck, M.; Okweschokwu, S. [Radiologie Haydnhaus, Bonn (Germany); Greven, M. [Medeco Zahnklinik, Bonn (Germany)

2002-11-01

Aim: To evaluate the influence of MRI of the temporomandibular joint on the therapeutic strategy in patients with craniomandibular disorders (internal derangement) and, furthermore, to analyze interobserver agreement for defined MRI criteria. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one unilateral and bilateral MRI examinations of 32 patients were enrolled. Therapeutic strategies before and after performance of the MRI were compared. Retrospectively, two radiologists independently analyzed the MR images for position of the disk, position of the condyle, signal intensity of the disk and bilaminar zone, osseous changes and several additional findings, using a check list. Agreement was tested by kappa statistics. Results: In 56% of the cases, changes of the therapeutic regimen were registered after MRI. Statistically significant agreement of the two observers was found for anterior position of the disk (kappa=0.44), transverse position of the disk (kappa=0.46) and position of the condyle (kappa=0.45). No significant agreement was found for signal intensity of the disk (kappa=0.14) or bilaminar zone (kappa=0.24), osseous changes (kappa=0.13) and the additional findings (kappa=0.29). Discussion: MRI has a measurable impact on the therapeutic approach to the internal derangement of the TMJ. The position of the disk and condyle can be reproducibly judged, while the signal intensity of the disk and bilaminar zone and the osseous changes are subject to wide observer variations. (orig.) [German] Zielsetzung: Es sollte der Einfluss der MRT des Kiefergelenkes auf die Therapieentscheidung untersucht werden. Des Weiteren sollten Uebereinstimmungen zweier unabhaengiger Radiologen in der Beurteilung von Kiefergelenk MRT anhand definierter Kriterien bestimmt werden. Material und Methoden: 51 MR-Untersuchungen des Kiefergelenkes wurden ausgewertet. Bei diesen Patienten wurde das urspruengliche mit dem Behandlungskonzept nach MRT verglichen. Alle MRT wurden von zwei Radiologen ausgewertet. Die

Technical-scale realization of simultaneous aerobic nitrification/denitrification in cyclic plants for a population of more than 100 000; Grosstechnische Realisierung der simultanen, aeroben Nitrifikation/Denitrifikation in zyklischen Anlagen ueber 100.000 EGW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demoulin, G. [SFC-Umwelttechnik, Salzburg (Austria); Goronszy, M.C. [Tri Tech Inc., Lake Forest, CA (United States)

1999-07-01

On account of local requirements and because of its economic and technical advantages, cyclic activated sludge process was given preference over conventional technology when building the sewage treatment plant at Neubrandenburg. The process-technical installations were completely accommodated in two circular ponds of the diameter 62.3 m and water depth 5.5 m each, with two reactors to one circular pond each. Construction of the biological treatment plant started in 1998. At its start of operation in November 1998, it was the first European plant employing this technology. With the plant currently running to some 80 to 90 % of its capacity, specified elimination efficiency has been met since spring 1999. (orig.) [German] Aufgrund der oertlichen Gegebenheiten sowie der wirtschaftlichen und technischen Vorzuege des zyklischen Belebtschlammverfahrens wurde diesem beim Bau der Klaeranlage Neubrandenburg der Vorzug ueber die konventionelle Technologie gegeben. Die Verfahrensbauwerke fuer die biologische Abwasserbehandlung wurden komplett in zwei Rundbecken mit je 62,3 m Durchmesser und 5,5 m Wassertiefe untergebracht, wobei zwei Reaktoren jeweils ein Rundbecken ergeben. Im Februar 1998 wurde mit dem Bau der Biologie begonnen. Diese nahm bereits im November 1998 als erste Anlage nach diesem Verfahren in Europa den Betrieb auf. Die geforderten Entfernungsleistungen werden bei einer derzeitigen Auslastung von ca. 80-90% seit Fruehjahr 1999 eingehalten. (orig.)

Uncertainty of soil erosion modelling using open source high resolution and aggregated DEMs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arun Mondal

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Digital Elevation Model (DEM is one of the important parameters for soil erosion assessment. Notable uncertainties are observed in this study while using three high resolution open source DEMs. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE model has been applied to analysis the assessment of soil erosion uncertainty using open source DEMs (SRTM, ASTER and CARTOSAT and their increasing grid space (pixel size from the actual. The study area is a part of the Narmada river basin in Madhya Pradesh state, which is located in the central part of India and the area covered 20,558 km2. The actual resolution of DEMs is 30 m and their increasing grid spaces are taken as 90, 150, 210, 270 and 330 m for this study. Vertical accuracy of DEMs has been assessed using actual heights of the sample points that have been taken considering planimetric survey based map (toposheet. Elevations of DEMs are converted to the same vertical datum from WGS 84 to MSL (Mean Sea Level, before the accuracy assessment and modelling. Results indicate that the accuracy of the SRTM DEM with the RMSE of 13.31, 14.51, and 18.19 m in 30, 150 and 330 m resolution respectively, is better than the ASTER and the CARTOSAT DEMs. When the grid space of the DEMs increases, the accuracy of the elevation and calculated soil erosion decreases. This study presents a potential uncertainty introduced by open source high resolution DEMs in the accuracy of the soil erosion assessment models. The research provides an analysis of errors in selecting DEMs using the original and increased grid space for soil erosion modelling.

Building with wood: A contribution to ecological building technology?; Holzbauweise: Ein Beitrag zum oekologischen Bauen?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kubina, A. [Oberste Baubehoerde im Bayerischen Staatsministerium des Innern, Muenchen (Germany)

1995-09-01

The present paper reports on double-story wooden system buildings in Bavaria in the Federal German Republic. The plans of nine different architectural offices from home and abroad are discussed. (HW) [Deutsch] Es wird berichtet ueber zweigeschossige Holzsystembauten im Freistaat Bayern (Bundesrepublik Deutschland). Diskutiert werden die Entwuerfe von 9 Architekturbueros aus dem In- und Ausland. (HW)

Attempted treatment of meningeosis leucaemica by intrathecal application of 90-silicate and 90Y-citrate colloid in a case of chronic myleoic leukaemia; Behandlungsversuch einer Meningeosis leucaemica durch intrathekale Applikation von {sup 90}Y-Silikat- und {sup 90}Y-Zitrat-Kolloid bei chronisch-myleoischer Leukaemie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kittner, C.; Schuemichen, C. [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Steiner, B.; Kahl, C.; Wolff, D.; Freund, M. [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Innere Medizin, Abt. fuer Haematologie; Putzar, H.; Roesler, K.; Hauenstein, K.H. [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Diagnostische und Interventionalle Radiologie

2003-12-01

A 41-year-old man with chronic myeoloic leukaemia was treated for Meningeosis leucaemica by intrathecal application of yttrium-90-citrate colloide as palliative therapy. (orig.) [German] Wir berichten ueber einen 41-jaehrigen Mann mit chronisch-myeloischer Leukaemie bei dem eine Meningeosis leucaemica durch eine intrathekale Applikation von Yttrium-90-Zitrat-Kolloid palliativ therapiert wurde. (orig.)

Dementia-free life expectancy (demFLE) in the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Perenboom, R.J.M.; Boshuizen, H.C.; Breteler, M.M.B.; Alewijn, O.; Water, H.P.A. van de

1996-01-01

To gain an insight into the burden of dementia in an aging society, life expectancy with dementia and its counterpart dementia-free life expectancy (DemFLE) in The Netherlands are presented. Sullivan's method was used to calculate DemFLE. For elderly living either independently or in homes for the

[Julia Rosche. Zwischen den Fronten. Die Rolle Estlands zwischen dem Hitler-Stalin-Pakt und dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs im internationalen Kontext] / Olaf Mertelsmann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mertelsmann, Olaf, 1969-

2014-01-01

Arvustus: Rosche, Julia. Zwischen den Fronten. Die Rolle Estlands zwischen dem Hitler-Stalin-Pakt und dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs im internationalen Kontext. Diplomica Verlag. Hamburg 2012. Unter demselben Titel mit identischem Text auch: Grin Verlag. München 2013

Borane-catalyzed cracking of C-C bonds in coal; Boran-katalysierte C-C-Bindungungsspaltung in Steinkohle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Narangerel, J; Haenel, M W [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung, Muelheim an der Ruhr (Germany)

1998-09-01

Coal, especially coking coal, was reacted with hydrogen at comparatively mild reaction conditions (150-280 degrees centigrade, 20 MPa hydrogen pressure) in the presence of catalysts consisting of borange reagents and certain transition metal halides to obtaine more than 80 percent of pyridine-soluble products. The influence of the degree of coalification, catalyst and temperature on the borane-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of C-C bonds in coal was investigated. (orig.) [Deutsch] Steinkohlen, insbesondere im Inkohlungsbereich der Fettkohlen (Kokskohlen), werden in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren aus Boran-Reagentien und bestimmten Uebergangsmetallhalogeniden mit Wasserstoff bei vergleichsweise milden Reaktionsbedingungen (250-280 C, 20 MPa Wasserstoffdruck) in zu ueber 80% pyridinloesliche Produkte umgewandelt. Der Einfluss von Inkohlungsgrad, Katalysator und Temperatur auf die Boran-katalysierte C-C-Bindungshydrogenolyse in Kohle wurde untersucht. (orig.)

Digital Elevation Model (DEM), The county-wide DEM is published with a 20-foot grid size, though we have a more detailed DEM/DTM for some parts of the county, particularly the Green Bay Metro area, Published in 2000, 1:4800 (1in=400ft) scale, Brown County Government.

Data.gov (United States)

NSGIC Local Govt | GIS Inventory — Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dataset current as of 2000. The county-wide DEM is published with a 20-foot grid size, though we have a more detailed DEM/DTM for some...

Glacier Volume Change Estimation Using Time Series of Improved Aster Dems

Science.gov (United States)

Girod, Luc; Nuth, Christopher; Kääb, Andreas

2016-06-01

Volume change data is critical to the understanding of glacier response to climate change. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) system embarked on the Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite has been a unique source of systematic stereoscopic images covering the whole globe at 15m resolution and at a consistent quality for over 15 years. While satellite stereo sensors with significantly improved radiometric and spatial resolution are available to date, the potential of ASTER data lies in its long consistent time series that is unrivaled, though not fully exploited for change analysis due to lack of data accuracy and precision. Here, we developed an improved method for ASTER DEM generation and implemented it in the open source photogrammetric library and software suite MicMac. The method relies on the computation of a rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) model and the detection and correction of cross-track sensor jitter in order to compute DEMs. ASTER data are strongly affected by attitude jitter, mainly of approximately 4 km and 30 km wavelength, and improving the generation of ASTER DEMs requires removal of this effect. Our sensor modeling does not require ground control points and allows thus potentially for the automatic processing of large data volumes. As a proof of concept, we chose a set of glaciers with reference DEMs available to assess the quality of our measurements. We use time series of ASTER scenes from which we extracted DEMs with a ground sampling distance of 15m. Our method directly measures and accounts for the cross-track component of jitter so that the resulting DEMs are not contaminated by this process. Since the along-track component of jitter has the same direction as the stereo parallaxes, the two cannot be separated and the elevations extracted are thus contaminated by along-track jitter. Initial tests reveal no clear relation between the cross-track and along-track components so that the latter seems not to be

Entwicklung von Immunochemischen und PCR-Methoden zum Qualitativen Nachweis von Tilletia-Arten und Ustilago nuda in Saatgut

OpenAIRE

Kellerer, Thomas Georg

2010-01-01

Weizensteinbrand (Tilletia caries), Weizenzwergsteinbrand (Tilletia controversa) und der Quarantäneorganismus Indischer Steinbrand (Tilletia indica) sind Brandkrankheiten, die einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Qualität und Quantität vor allem in Öko-Saatgut haben. Ein Nachweis und die Unterscheidung waren bisher nur schwer und nicht immer eindeutig unter dem Mikroskop durchführbar. Anhand des HSP60 Gens wurden drei spezifische Primerpaare für einen PCR-Nachweis sowie polyklonale Antikörper f...

Novel application of DEM to modelling comminution processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delaney, Gary W; Cleary, Paul W; Sinnott, Matt D; Morrison, Rob D

2010-01-01

Comminution processes in which grains are broken down into smaller and smaller sizes represent a critical component in many industries including mineral processing, cement production, food processing and pharmaceuticals. We present a novel DEM implementation capable of realistically modelling such comminution processes. This extends on a previous implementation of DEM particle breakage that utilized spherical particles. Our new extension uses super-quadric particles, where daughter fragments with realistic size and shape distributions are packed inside a bounding parent super-quadric. We demonstrate the flexibility of our approach in different particle breakage scenarios and examine the effect of the chosen minimum resolved particle size. This incorporation of the effect of particle shape in the breakage process allows for more realistic DEM simulations to be performed, that can provide additional fundamental insights into comminution processes and into the behaviour of individual pieces of industrial machinery.

Generation and performance assessment of the global TanDEM-X digital elevation model

Science.gov (United States)

Rizzoli, Paola; Martone, Michele; Gonzalez, Carolina; Wecklich, Christopher; Borla Tridon, Daniela; Bräutigam, Benjamin; Bachmann, Markus; Schulze, Daniel; Fritz, Thomas; Huber, Martin; Wessel, Birgit; Krieger, Gerhard; Zink, Manfred; Moreira, Alberto

2017-10-01

The primary objective of the TanDEM-X mission is the generation of a global, consistent, and high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with unprecedented global accuracy. The goal is achieved by exploiting the interferometric capabilities of the two twin SAR satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X, which fly in a close orbit formation, acting as an X-band single-pass interferometer. Between December 2010 and early 2015 all land surfaces have been acquired at least twice, difficult terrain up to seven or eight times. The acquisition strategy, data processing, and DEM calibration and mosaicking have been systematically monitored and optimized throughout the entire mission duration, in order to fulfill the specification. The processing of all data has finally been completed in September 2016 and this paper reports on the final performance of the TanDEM-X global DEM and presents the acquisition and processing strategy which allowed to obtain the final DEM quality. The results confirm the outstanding global accuracy of the delivered product, which can be now utilized for both scientific and commercial applications.

Boreal forest biomass classification with TanDEM-X

OpenAIRE

Torano Caicoya, Astor; Kugler, Florian; Papathanassiou, Kostas; Hajnsek, Irena

2013-01-01

High spatial resolution X-band interferometric SAR data from the TanDEM-X, in the operational DEM generation mode, are sensitive to forest structure and can therefore be used for thematic boreal forest classification of forest environments. The interferometric coherence in absence of temporal decorrelation depends strongly on forest height and structure. Due to the rather homogenous structure of boreal forest, forest biomass can be derived from forest height, on the basis of allometric equati...

Neues aus dem Forschungsfeld Deutsch als Zweitsprache. Sammelrezension

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claus Altmayer

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Neues aus dem Forschungsfeld Deutsch als Zweitsprache. Sammelrezension (Teil 2 von Bernt Ahrenholz (Hrsg. (2009, Empirische Befunde zu DaZ-Erwerb und Sprachförderung. Beiträge aus dem 3. ‚Workshop Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund‘; Karen Schramm & Christoph Schröder (Hrsg. (2009, Empirische Zugänge zu Spracherwerb und Sprachförderung in Deutsch als Zweitsprache; Stefan Jeuk (2010, Deutsch als Zweitsprache in der Schule. Grundlagen - Diagnose – Förderung

Modelling above Ground Biomass in Tanzanian Miombo Woodlands Using TanDEM-X WorldDEM and Field Data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefano Puliti

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR data has great potential for monitoring large scale forest above ground biomass (AGB in the tropics due to the increased ability to retrieve 3D information even under cloud cover. To date; results in tropical forests have been inconsistent and further knowledge on the accuracy of models linking AGB and InSAR height data is crucial for the development of large scale forest monitoring programs. This study provides an example of the use of TanDEM-X WorldDEM data to model AGB in Tanzanian woodlands. The primary objective was to assess the accuracy of a model linking AGB with InSAR height from WorldDEM after the subtraction of ground heights. The secondary objective was to assess the possibility of obtaining InSAR height for field plots when the terrain heights were derived from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS; i.e., as an alternative to using airborne laser scanning (ALS. The results revealed that the AGB model using InSAR height had a predictive accuracy of R M S E = 24.1 t·ha−1; or 38.8% of the mean AGB when terrain heights were derived from ALS. The results were similar when using terrain heights from GNSS. The accuracy of the predicted AGB was improved when compared to a previous study using TanDEM-X for a sub-area of the area of interest and was of similar magnitude to what was achieved in the same sub-area using ALS data. Overall; this study sheds new light on the opportunities that arise from the use of InSAR data for large scale AGB modelling in tropical woodlands.

59. Report of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Annual report 2002; 59. Bericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Jahresbericht 2002

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

This annual report presents the activities of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW), important results of Rhine water monitoring, and current developments in water management. This year, a special measuring programme was jointly carried out by ARW and the Deutsche Kommission zur Reinhaltung des Rheins on isoproturone and chlorotolurone concentrations in Rhine water, which used to be quite high in the Lower Rhine in the past. Further, an incident involving chloracetophenone release into the Rhine was followed up, and the effects on freshwater supply were assessed. The report also contains two practical contributions by member waterworks on de-acidification of shore filtrate and on the calcite solubility of the raw water of a shore filtration and production plant. There is also a chapter on further options for evaluating long-term measuring series using time series analysis and enhanced statistical methods. [German] Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e. V. (ARW) legt hiermit bereits ihren 59. Jahresbericht vor, in dem ueber ihre Taetigkeiten, wesentliche Ergebnisse aus dem Untersuchungsprogramm der Rheinwasserwerke und aktuelle Entwicklungen aus der Wasserwirtschaft berichtet wird. Neben der Dokumentation und Bewertung der aktuellen Daten aus dem Untersuchungsprogramm, an dem zahlreiche Wasserwerke aktiv beteiligt sind, wird in dem vorliegenden Jahresbericht ueber ein gemeinsames Sondermessprogramm der ARW und der Deutschen Kommission zur Reinhaltung des Rheins zum Vorkommen und zur Bilanzierung der Eintraege von Isoproturon und Chlortoluron berichtet, die in der Vergangenheit in z. T. sehr hohen Konzentrationen im Niederrhein gefunden wurden. Ebenfalls durch zusaetzliche Untersuchungen der Wasserwerke konnte ein Schadensfall mit Chloracetophenon am Rhein verfolgt und die Auswirkungen auf die Trinkwassergewinnung abgeschaetzt werden. Des Weiteren sind zwei praxisnahe Beitraege aus Mitgliedswerken zur Entsaeuerung von Uferfiltrat und zum

ArcticDEM Year 3; Improving Coverage, Repetition and Resolution

Science.gov (United States)

Morin, P. J.; Porter, C. C.; Cloutier, M.; Howat, I.; Noh, M. J.; Willis, M. J.; Candela, S. G.; Bauer, G.; Kramer, W.; Bates, B.; Williamson, C.

2017-12-01

Surface topography is among the most fundamental data sets for geosciences, essential for disciplines ranging from glaciology to geodynamics. The ArcticDEM project is using sub-meter, commercial imagery licensed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, petascale computing, and open source photogrammetry software to produce a time-tagged 2m posting elevation model and a 5m posting mosaic of the entire Arctic region. As ArcticDEM enters its third year, the region has gone from having some of the sparsest and poorest elevation data to some of the most precise and complete data of any region on the globe. To date, we have produced and released over 80,000,000 km2 as 57,000 - 2m posting, time-stamped DEMs. The Arctic, on average, is covered four times though there are hotspots with more than 100 DEMs. In addition, the version 1 release includes a 5m posting mosaic covering the entire 20,000,000 km2 region. All products are publically available through arctidem.org, ESRI web services, and a web viewer. The final year of the project will consist of a complete refiltering of clouds/water and re-mosaicing of all elevation data. Since inception of the project, post-processing techniques have improved significantly, resulting in fewer voids, better registration, sharper coastlines, and fewer inaccuracies due to clouds. All ArcticDEM data will be released in 2018. Data, documentation, web services and web viewer are available at arcticdem.org

OPEN-SOURCE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEMs EVALUATION WITH GPS AND LiDAR DATA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. F. Khalid

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM, and Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010 are freely available Digital Elevation Model (DEM datasets for environmental modeling and studies. The quality of spatial resolution and vertical accuracy of the DEM data source has a great influence particularly on the accuracy specifically for inundation mapping. Most of the coastal inundation risk studies used the publicly available DEM to estimated the coastal inundation and associated damaged especially to human population based on the increment of sea level. In this study, the comparison between ground truth data from Global Positioning System (GPS observation and DEM is done to evaluate the accuracy of each DEM. The vertical accuracy of SRTM shows better result against ASTER and GMTED10 with an RMSE of 6.054 m. On top of the accuracy, the correlation of DEM is identified with the high determination of coefficient of 0.912 for SRTM. For coastal zone area, DEMs based on airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR dataset was used as ground truth data relating to terrain height. In this case, the LiDAR DEM is compared against the new SRTM DEM after applying the scale factor. From the findings, the accuracy of the new DEM model from SRTM can be improved by applying scale factor. The result clearly shows that the value of RMSE exhibit slightly different when it reached 0.503 m. Hence, this new model is the most suitable and meets the accuracy requirement for coastal inundation risk assessment using open source data. The suitability of these datasets for further analysis on coastal management studies is vital to assess the potentially vulnerable areas caused by coastal inundation.

Impacts of DEM resolution and area threshold value uncertainty on ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... that DEM resolution influences the selected flow accumulation threshold value; the suitable flow accumulation threshold value increases as the DEM resolution increases, and shows greater variability for basins with lower drainage densities. The link between drainage area threshold value and stream network extraction ...

GLACIER VOLUME CHANGE ESTIMATION USING TIME SERIES OF IMPROVED ASTER DEMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Girod

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Volume change data is critical to the understanding of glacier response to climate change. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER system embarked on the Terra (EOS AM-1 satellite has been a unique source of systematic stereoscopic images covering the whole globe at 15m resolution and at a consistent quality for over 15 years. While satellite stereo sensors with significantly improved radiometric and spatial resolution are available to date, the potential of ASTER data lies in its long consistent time series that is unrivaled, though not fully exploited for change analysis due to lack of data accuracy and precision. Here, we developed an improved method for ASTER DEM generation and implemented it in the open source photogrammetric library and software suite MicMac. The method relies on the computation of a rational polynomial coefficients (RPC model and the detection and correction of cross-track sensor jitter in order to compute DEMs. ASTER data are strongly affected by attitude jitter, mainly of approximately 4 km and 30 km wavelength, and improving the generation of ASTER DEMs requires removal of this effect. Our sensor modeling does not require ground control points and allows thus potentially for the automatic processing of large data volumes. As a proof of concept, we chose a set of glaciers with reference DEMs available to assess the quality of our measurements. We use time series of ASTER scenes from which we extracted DEMs with a ground sampling distance of 15m. Our method directly measures and accounts for the cross-track component of jitter so that the resulting DEMs are not contaminated by this process. Since the along-track component of jitter has the same direction as the stereo parallaxes, the two cannot be separated and the elevations extracted are thus contaminated by along-track jitter. Initial tests reveal no clear relation between the cross-track and along-track components so that the latter

Exponential relationship between DMIPP uptake and blood flow in normal and ischemic canine myocardium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Comans, E.F.I.; Lingen, A. van; Bax, J.J.; Sloof, G.W. [Free Univ. Hospital, Amsterdam (Netherlands). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine; Visser, F.C. [Free Univ. Hospital, Amsterdam (Netherlands). Dept. of Cardiology; Vusse, G.J. van der [Limburg Univ., Maastricht (Netherlands). Cardiovascular Research Inst.; Knapp, F.F. Jun. [Oak Ridge Lab., TN (United States). Nuclear Medicine Group

1998-12-31

das Herz exzidiert und in 120 Stuecke geschnitten. In jedem Stueck wurde der MBF (ml/g*min) und die DMIPP-Aufnahme (Prozent der injizierten Dosis pro Gramm Gewebe: %id/g) gemessen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem normalisierten MBF und dem DMIPP-Uptake wurde einmal ueber eine lineare Modellfunktion (mit und ohne Nulldurchgang) und zweitens ueber eine exponentielle Funktion gefittet: A[1-e{sup -MBF/Fc}], wobei A die Amplitude und Fc eine Flusskonstante darstellen. Die Guete der Anpassung fuer alle Modelle wurde ueber den Standardfehler der Schaetzung (SEE) berechnet. Intraindividuell wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der DMIPP-Aufnahme und dem MBF bei allen Hunden signifikant (p<0,001) durch den exponentiellen Fit repraesentiert, verglichen mit dem linearen Modell mit Nulldurchgang. Bei acht von zehn Hunden zeigte das exponentielle Modell einen besseren Fit als das Lineare ohne Nulldurchgang. Der Unterschied war bei fuenf Hunden signifikant (p<0,05). Die lineare Regression fuer die zusammengefassten Daten ohne Nulldurchgang ergab: DMIPP=0,54+0,44*MBF (SEE: 0,18), mit einem Nulldurchgang: DMIPP=0.97*MBF (SEE: 0,27). Die Guete des Fits des exponentiellen Modells war mit DMIPP=1,07*[1-e{sup -MBF/0,35}] (SEE: 0,15) signifkant besser (p<0,0001), verglichen mit dem linearen. Im Bereich normaler bis niedriger MBF-Werte zeigt die Aufnahme des Fettsaeureanalogons DMIPP eine exponentielle Relation, die aus physiologischer Sicht besser geeignet ist als eine lineare Relation. (orig./MG)

Enhanced ASTER DEMs for Decadal Measurements of Glacier Elevation Changes

Science.gov (United States)

Girod, L.; Nuth, C.; Kääb, A.

2016-12-01

Elevation change data is critical to the understanding of a number of geophysical processes, including glaciers through the measurement their volume change. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) system on-board the Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite has been a unique source of systematic stereoscopic images covering the whole globe at 15m resolution and at a consistent quality for over 15 years. While satellite stereo sensors with significantly improved radiometric and spatial resolution are available today, the potential of ASTER data lies in its long consistent time series that is unrivaled, though not fully exploited for change analysis due to lack of data accuracy and precision. ASTER data are strongly affected by attitude jitter, mainly of approximately 4 and 30 km wavelength, and improving the generation of ASTER DEMs requires removal of this effect. We developed MMASTER, an improved method for ASTER DEM generation and implemented it in the open source photogrammetric library and software suite MicMac. The method relies on the computation of a rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) model and the detection and correction of cross-track sensor jitter in order to compute DEMs. Our sensor modeling does not require ground control points and thus potentially allows for automatic processing of large data volumes. When compared to ground truth data, we have assessed a ±5m accuracy in DEM differencing when using our processing method, improved from the ±30m when using the AST14DMO DEM product. We demonstrate and discuss this improved ASTER DEM quality for a number of glaciers in Greenland (See figure attached), Alaska, and Svalbard. The quality of our measurements promises to further unlock the underused potential of ASTER DEMs for glacier volume change time series on a global scale. The data produced by our method will thus help to better understand the response of glaciers to climate change and their influence on runoff and sea level.

On the responsibility of the environmentalists; Ueber die Verantwortlichkeit der Umweltschuetzer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mosonyi, E.

1995-02-20

The author deals with the precepts and credibility of environmentalists, the pseudo-scientific dameanour of certain authorised experts, and the sometimes ruinous activities of `environmental organisations`. In analogy to the spirit of humanism as an attitude of respect towards one`s fellow human beings he sees environment protection as a friendly attitude towards nature. He points to the case of a premature, careless concellation of a hydropower project as an example of the far-reaching consequences of what he considers false environmentalism. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Verfasser setzt sich mit dem Anspruch und der Glaubwuerdigkeit der Umweltschuetzer, der anzutreffenden Pseudowissenschaftlichkeit von Sachverstaendigen und dem teilweise verhaengnisvoll wirkenden Aktivitaeten von `Umweltorganisationen` auseinander. Er postuliert in Anlehnung an den Humanismus, als positive Einstellung gegenueber den Mitmenschen, den Umweltschutz als positive Haltung gegenueber der Natur. Beispielhaft weist er auf die Tragweite einer leichtfertigen Vorverurteilung im Falle eines Wasserkraft-Projektes hin. (orig.)

Einfluss repetitiver postprandialer Hyperglykämien auf den kardialen Ischämie- und Reperfusionsschaden

OpenAIRE

Elbing, Inka Lena

2008-01-01

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasste sich daher mit dem Effekt von Acarbose auf die durch Ischämie und Reperfusion verursachten myokardialen Schäden nach Saccharosebelastung bei gesunden Mäusen in vivo. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit lässt sich ableiten, dass eine wiederholte postprandiale Hyperglykämie bei nicht - diabetischen Tieren ausreicht, um die durch Ischämie und Reperfusion verursachten Myokardschäden signifikant zu erhöhen. Dies kann durch eine Behandlung mit dem a - Glucosidase - Hem...

Volcanic geomorphology using TanDEM-X

Science.gov (United States)

Poland, Michael; Kubanek, Julia

2016-04-01

Topography is perhaps the most fundamental dataset for any volcano, yet is surprisingly difficult to collect, especially during the course of an eruption. For example, photogrammetry and lidar are time-intensive and often expensive, and they cannot be employed when the surface is obscured by clouds. Ground-based surveys can operate in poor weather but have poor spatial resolution and may expose personnel to hazardous conditions. Repeat passes of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data provide excellent spatial resolution, but topography in areas of surface change (from vegetation swaying in the wind to physical changes in the landscape) between radar passes cannot be imaged. The German Space Agency's TanDEM-X satellite system, however, solves this issue by simultaneously acquiring SAR data of the surface using a pair of orbiting satellites, thereby removing temporal change as a complicating factor in SAR-based topographic mapping. TanDEM-X measurements have demonstrated exceptional value in mapping the topography of volcanic environments in as-yet limited applications. The data provide excellent resolution (down to ~3-m pixel size) and are useful for updating topographic data at volcanoes where surface change has occurred since the most recent topographic dataset was collected. Such data can be used for applications ranging from correcting radar interferograms for topography, to modeling flow pathways in support of hazards mitigation. The most valuable contributions, however, relate to calculating volume changes related to eruptive activity. For example, limited datasets have provided critical measurements of lava dome growth and collapse at volcanoes including Merapi (Indonesia), Colima (Mexico), and Soufriere Hills (Montserrat), and of basaltic lava flow emplacement at Tolbachik (Kamchatka), Etna (Italy), and Kīlauea (Hawai`i). With topographic data spanning an eruption, it is possible to calculate eruption rates - information that might not otherwise be available

Ueber Arten der Gattungen Anisodera Chevr. und Lasiochila WS. 18. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen (Col. Chrys.)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Uhmann, E.

1930-01-01

Zu dieser Arbeit erhielt ich Material von den Museen zu Leiden, Brüssel, Dresden und dem Deutschen Entomol. Institut Berlin-Dahlem. Besonders wertvoll war nur die Zusendung der Typen von Chapuis aus dem Museum zu Brüssel. Für die liebenswürdige Bereitstellung des zahlreichen und wertvollen

Influence of Terraced area DEM Resolution on RUSLE LS Factor

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Hongming; Baartman, Jantiene E. M.; Yang, Xiaomei; Gai, Lingtong; Geissen, Viollette

2017-04-01

Topography has a large impact on the erosion of soil by water. Slope steepness and slope length are combined (the LS factor) in the universal soil-loss equation (USLE) and its revised version (RUSLE) for predicting soil erosion. The LS factor is usually extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM). The grid size of the DEM will thus influence the LS factor and the subsequent calculation of soil loss. Terracing is considered as a support practice factor (P) in the USLE/RUSLE equations, which is multiplied with the other USLE/RUSLE factors. However, as terraces change the slope length and steepness, they also affect the LS factor. The effect of DEM grid size on the LS factor has not been investigated for a terraced area. We obtained a high-resolution DEM by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) photogrammetry, from which the slope steepness, slope length, and LS factor were extracted. The changes in these parameters at various DEM resolutions were then analysed. The DEM produced detailed LS-factor maps, particularly for low LS factors. High (small valleys, gullies, and terrace ridges) and low (flats and terrace fields) spatial frequencies were both sensitive to changes in resolution, so the areas of higher and lower slope steepness both decreased with increasing grid size. Average slope steepness decreased and average slope length increased with grid size. Slope length, however, had a larger effect than slope steepness on the LS factor as the grid size varied. The LS factor increased when the grid size increased from 0.5 to 30-m and increased significantly at grid sizes >5-m. The LS factor was increasingly overestimated as grid size decreased. The LS factor decreased from grid sizes of 30 to 100-m, because the details of the terraced terrain were gradually lost, but the factor was still overestimated.

Uncertainty of SWAT model at different DEM resolutions in a large mountainous watershed.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Peipei; Liu, Ruimin; Bao, Yimeng; Wang, Jiawei; Yu, Wenwen; Shen, Zhenyao

2014-04-15

The objective of this study was to enhance understanding of the sensitivity of the SWAT model to the resolutions of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) based on the analysis of multiple evaluation indicators. The Xiangxi River, a large tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir in China, was selected as the study area. A range of 17 DEM spatial resolutions, from 30 to 1000 m, was examined, and the annual and monthly model outputs based on each resolution were compared. The following results were obtained: (i) sediment yield was greatly affected by DEM resolution; (ii) the prediction of dissolved oxygen load was significantly affected by DEM resolutions coarser than 500 m; (iii) Total Nitrogen (TN) load was not greatly affected by the DEM resolution; (iv) Nitrate Nitrogen (NO₃-N) and Total Phosphorus (TP) loads were slightly affected by the DEM resolution; and (v) flow and Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₄-N) load were essentially unaffected by the DEM resolution. The flow and dissolved oxygen load decreased more significantly in the dry season than in the wet and normal seasons. Excluding flow and dissolved oxygen, the uncertainties of the other Hydrology/Non-point Source (H/NPS) pollution indicators were greater in the wet season than in the dry and normal seasons. Considering the temporal distribution uncertainties, the optimal DEM resolutions for flow was 30-200 m, for sediment and TP was 30-100 m, for dissolved oxygen and NO₃-N was 30-300 m, for NH₄-N was 30 to 70 m and for TN was 30-150 m. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spatial Characterization of Landscapes through Multifractal Analysis of DEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. L. Aguado

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Landscape evolution is driven by abiotic, biotic, and anthropic factors. The interactions among these factors and their influence at different scales create a complex dynamic. Landscapes have been shown to exhibit numerous scaling laws, from Horton’s laws to more sophisticated scaling of heights in topography and river network topology. This scaling and multiscaling analysis has the potential to characterise the landscape in terms of the statistical signature of the measure selected. The study zone is a matrix obtained from a digital elevation model (DEM (map 10 × 10 m, and height 1 m that corresponds to homogeneous region with respect to soil characteristics and climatology known as “Monte El Pardo” although the water level of a reservoir and the topography play a main role on its organization and evolution. We have investigated whether the multifractal analysis of a DEM shows common features that can be used to reveal the underlying patterns and information associated with the landscape of the DEM mapping and studied the influence of the water level of the reservoir on the applied analysis. The results show that the use of the multifractal approach with mean absolute gradient data is a useful tool for analysing the topography represented by the DEM.

Artificial terraced field extraction based on high resolution DEMs

Science.gov (United States)

Na, Jiaming; Yang, Xin; Xiong, Liyang; Tang, Guoan

2017-04-01

With the increase of human activities, artificial landforms become one of the main terrain features with special geographical and hydrological value. Terraced field, as the most important artificial landscapes of the loess plateau, plays an important role in conserving soil and water. With the development of digital terrain analysis (DTA), there is a current and future need in developing a robust, repeatable and cost-effective research methodology for terraced fields. In this paper, a novel method using bidirectional DEM shaded relief is proposed for terraced field identification based on high resolution DEM, taking Zhifanggou watershed, Shannxi province as the study area. Firstly, 1m DEM is obtained by low altitude aerial photogrammetry using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and 0.1m DOM is also obtained as the test data. Then, the positive and negative terrain segmentation is done to acquire the area of terraced field. Finally, a bidirectional DEM shaded relief is simulated to extract the ridges of each terraced field stages. The method in this paper can get not only polygon feature of the terraced field areas but also line feature of terraced field ridges. The accuracy is 89.7% compared with the artificial interpretation result from DOM. And additional experiment shows that this method has a strong robustness as well as high accuracy.

DEM-based research on the landform features of China

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Guoan; Liu, Aili; Li, Fayuan; Zhou, Jieyu

2006-10-01

Landforms can be described and identified by parameterization of digital elevation model (DEM). This paper discusses the large-scale geomorphological characteristics of China based on numerical analysis of terrain parameters and develop a methodology for characterizing landforms from DEMs. The methodology is implemented as a two-step process. First, terrain variables are derived from a 1-km DEM in a given statistical unit including local relief, the earth's surface incision, elevation variance coefficient, roughness, mean slope and mean elevation. Second, every parameter regarded as a single-band image is combined into a multi-band image. Then ISODATA unsupervised classification and the Bayesian technique of Maximum Likelihood supervised classification are applied for landform classification. The resulting landforms are evaluated by the means of Stratified Sampling with respect to an existing map and the overall classification accuracy reaches to rather high value. It's shown that the derived parameters carry sufficient physiographic information and can be used for landform classification. Since the classification method integrates manifold terrain indexes, conquers the limitation of the subjective cognition, as well as a low cost, apparently it could represent an applied foreground in the classification of macroscopic relief forms. Furthermore, it exhibits significance in consummating the theory and the methodology of DEMs on digital terrain analysis.

Accuracy assessment of the global TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model with GPS data

Science.gov (United States)

Wessel, Birgit; Huber, Martin; Wohlfart, Christian; Marschalk, Ursula; Kosmann, Detlev; Roth, Achim

2018-05-01

The primary goal of the German TanDEM-X mission is the generation of a highly accurate and global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with global accuracies of at least 10 m absolute height error (linear 90% error). The global TanDEM-X DEM acquired with single-pass SAR interferometry was finished in September 2016. This paper provides a unique accuracy assessment of the final TanDEM-X global DEM using two different GPS point reference data sets, which are distributed across all continents, to fully characterize the absolute height error. Firstly, the absolute vertical accuracy is examined by about three million globally distributed kinematic GPS (KGPS) points derived from 19 KGPS tracks covering a total length of about 66,000 km. Secondly, a comparison is performed with more than 23,000 "GPS on Bench Marks" (GPS-on-BM) points provided by the US National Geodetic Survey (NGS) scattered across 14 different land cover types of the US National Land Cover Data base (NLCD). Both GPS comparisons prove an absolute vertical mean error of TanDEM-X DEM smaller than ±0.20 m, a Root Means Square Error (RMSE) smaller than 1.4 m and an excellent absolute 90% linear height error below 2 m. The RMSE values are sensitive to land cover types. For low vegetation the RMSE is ±1.1 m, whereas it is slightly higher for developed areas (±1.4 m) and for forests (±1.8 m). This validation confirms an outstanding absolute height error at 90% confidence level of the global TanDEM-X DEM outperforming the requirement by a factor of five. Due to its extensive and globally distributed reference data sets, this study is of considerable interests for scientific and commercial applications.

Laser mit instabilem Resonator fuer ringfoermige aktive Medien

OpenAIRE

Jarosch, U.K.; Habich, U.; Plum, H.D.

1996-01-01

Beschrieben werden Laser mit instabilen Resonatoren, die ringfoermige Medien effektiv ausnutzen, unabhaengig davon, ob es sich um feste, fluessige oder gasfoermige Medien handelt. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Auskopplung des Strahles (5.1) eines Ringresonators entlang eines Spaltes oder eines Kreisringes ueber dem gesamten Umfang vorgesehen ist, wobei der Laserresonator durch Ringspiegel (1,2) mit torusfoermiger Spiegelflaeche gebildet und von den Waenden des Ringspaltes ...

DEM Resolution Impact on the Estimation of the Physical Characteristics of Watersheds by Using SWAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Waranyu Buakhao

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A digital elevation model (DEM is an important spatial input for automatic extraction of topographic parameters for the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of DEM resolution (from 5 to 90 m on the delineation process of a SWAT model with two types of watershed characteristics (flat area and mountain area and three sizes of watershed area (about 20,000, 200,000, and 1,500,000 hectares. The results showed that the total lengths of the streamline, main channel slope, watershed area, and area slope were significantly different when using the DEM datasets to delineate. Delineation using the SRTM DEM (90 m, ASTER DEM (30 m, and LDD DEM (5 m for all watershed characteristics showed that the watershed sizes and shapes obtained were only slightly different, whereas the area slopes obtained were significantly different. The total lengths of the generated streams increased when the resolution of the DEM used was higher. The stream slopes obtained using the small area sizes were insignificant, whereas the slopes obtained using the large area sizes were significantly different. This suggests that water resource model users should use the ASTER DEM as opposed to a finer resolution DEM for model input to save time for the model calibration and validation.

Dem Generation from Close-Range Photogrammetry Using Extended Python Photogrammetry Toolbox

Science.gov (United States)

Belmonte, A. A.; Biong, M. M. P.; Macatulad, E. G.

2017-10-01

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used raster data for different applications concerning terrain, such as for flood modelling, viewshed analysis, mining, land development, engineering design projects, to name a few. DEMs can be obtained through various methods, including topographic survey, LiDAR or photogrammetry, and internet sources. Terrestrial close-range photogrammetry is one of the alternative methods to produce DEMs through the processing of images using photogrammetry software. There are already powerful photogrammetry software that are commercially-available and can produce high-accuracy DEMs. However, this entails corresponding cost. Although, some of these software have free or demo trials, these trials have limits in their usable features and usage time. One alternative is the use of free and open-source software (FOSS), such as the Python Photogrammetry Toolbox (PPT), which provides an interface for performing photogrammetric processes implemented through python script. For relatively small areas such as in mining or construction excavation, a relatively inexpensive, fast and accurate method would be advantageous. In this study, PPT was used to generate 3D point cloud data from images of an open pit excavation. The PPT was extended to add an algorithm converting the generated point cloud data into a usable DEM.

The role of DEM at CERN

CERN Document Server

Van der Bij, E

2005-01-01

The DEM group in the Technical Support department provides services for the fabrication of special printed circuits that are invaluable for the whole particle physics community. The capability is based around a core technology that is developed by using skills to etch and process materials that are not commonly used in industry, combined with production methods used in PCB manufacturing. The role of the prototyping facilities is to assist engineers and physicists and to offer them easy access to competencies often not available from industry. At the same time, with the expertise and production capacity available, it makes that CERN is always geared up to handle emergency situations. The design office and the assembly workshop that are also part of DEM have similar roles that lower the cost and improve the quality and maintainability of electronics developed at CERN.

Modelling of suspended matter transport and turnover in biofilters for waste water treatment; Modellierung von Stofftransport und -umsatz in Biofiltern zur Abwasserreinigung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Telgmann, U. [Kassel Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Fachgebiet Siedlungswasserwirtschaft; Horn, H. [Fachhochschule Magdeburg (Germany). Hydro- und Abfallchemie

1999-07-01

Essential elements of the presented model for biofilters are suspended matter transfer in the boundary layer water/biofilm, the gradient of concentration for substrate turnover in the biofilm with limited diffusion, and the gradient of concentration and biomass distribution both in the biofilm and over the height of the reactor. Problematic in biofilm modelling is linking the turnover of substrate in the biofilm affixed to the carrier material with changes in concentration along the reactor height. This means that concentration profiles need to be calculated both in the biofilm and over the height of the reactor. The presented model describes substrate turnover in the biofilm by means of a Monod kinetics, and diffusive suspended matter transport with the aid of Fick's second law. The change in concentration over the filter bed height is taken into account by dividing the reactor volume into five complete-mixing segments. Further elements of modelling are biomass production and the corresponding discharge from the biofilter. In exemplary manner, a biofilter for downstream denitrification with methanol was modelled and the results were compared with measurements taken at a semi-technical pilot plant. (orig.) [German] Wesentliche Elemente des hier vorgestellten Modells fuer Biofilter sind der Stoffuebergang in der Grenzschicht Wasser/Biofilm, der Konzentrationsgradient beim diffusionslimitierten Substratumsatz im Biofilm, der Konzentrationsgradient und die Biomasseverteilung sowohl im Biofilm als auch ueber die Reaktorhoehe. Problematik bei der Modellierung eines Biofilms ist die Verknuepfung von Substratumsatz in dem auf dem Traegermaterial haftenden Biofilm mit der Konzentrationsveraenderung entlang der Reaktorhoehe. Die Konzentrationsprofile muessen also sowohl im Biofilm als auch ueber die Reaktorhoehe berechnet werden. Im praesentierten Modell wird der Substratumsatz im Biofilm mit einer Monodkinetik und der diffusive Stofftransport mit Hilfe des 2. Fick

Developmental Eye Movement (DEM Test Norms for Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Chinese Children.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yachun Xie

Full Text Available The Developmental Eye Movement (DEM test is commonly used as a clinical visual-verbal ocular motor assessment tool to screen and diagnose reading problems at the onset. No established norm exists for using the DEM test with Mandarin Chinese-speaking Chinese children. This study aims to establish the normative values of the DEM test for the Mandarin Chinese-speaking population in China; it also aims to compare the values with three other published norms for English-, Spanish-, and Cantonese-speaking Chinese children. A random stratified sampling method was used to recruit children from eight kindergartens and eight primary schools in the main urban and suburban areas of Nanjing. A total of 1,425 Mandarin Chinese-speaking children aged 5 to 12 years took the DEM test in Mandarin Chinese. A digital recorder was used to record the process. All of the subjects completed a symptomatology survey, and their DEM scores were determined by a trained tester. The scores were computed using the formula in the DEM manual, except that the "vertical scores" were adjusted by taking the vertical errors into consideration. The results were compared with the three other published norms. In our subjects, a general decrease with age was observed for the four eye movement indexes: vertical score, adjusted horizontal score, ratio, and total error. For both the vertical and adjusted horizontal scores, the Mandarin Chinese-speaking children completed the tests much more quickly than the norms for English- and Spanish-speaking children. However, the same group completed the test slightly more slowly than the norms for Cantonese-speaking children. The differences in the means were significant (P0.05; compared with Spanish-speaking children, the scores were statistically significant (P0.05. DEM norms may be affected by differences in language, cultural, and educational systems among various ethnicities. The norms of the DEM test are proposed for use with Mandarin Chinese

High-Accuracy Tidal Flat Digital Elevation Model Construction Using TanDEM-X Science Phase Data

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Seung-Kuk; Ryu, Joo-Hyung

2017-01-01

This study explored the feasibility of using TanDEM-X (TDX) interferometric observations of tidal flats for digital elevation model (DEM) construction. Our goal was to generate high-precision DEMs in tidal flat areas, because accurate intertidal zone data are essential for monitoring coastal environment sand erosion processes. To monitor dynamic coastal changes caused by waves, currents, and tides, very accurate DEMs with high spatial resolution are required. The bi- and monostatic modes of the TDX interferometer employed during the TDX science phase provided a great opportunity for highly accurate intertidal DEM construction using radar interferometry with no time lag (bistatic mode) or an approximately 10-s temporal baseline (monostatic mode) between the master and slave synthetic aperture radar image acquisitions. In this study, DEM construction in tidal flat areas was first optimized based on the TDX system parameters used in various TDX modes. We successfully generated intertidal zone DEMs with 57-m spatial resolutions and interferometric height accuracies better than 0.15 m for three representative tidal flats on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Finally, we validated these TDX DEMs against real-time kinematic-GPS measurements acquired in two tidal flat areas; the correlation coefficient was 0.97 with a root mean square error of 0.20 m.

Analysis the Accuracy of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Flood Modelling on Lowland Area

Science.gov (United States)

Zainol Abidin, Ku Hasna Zainurin Ku; Razi, Mohd Adib Mohammad; Bukari, Saifullizan Mohd

2018-04-01

Flood is one type of natural disaster that occurs almost every year in Malaysia. Commonly the lowland areas are the worst affected areas. This kind of disaster is controllable by using an accurate data for proposing any kinds of solutions. Elevation data is one of the data used to produce solutions for flooding. Currently, the research about the application of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in hydrology was increased where this kind of model will identify the elevation for required areas. University of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia is one of the lowland areas which facing flood problems on 2006. Therefore, this area was chosen in order to produce DEM which focussed on University Health Centre (PKU) and drainage area around Civil and Environment Faculty (FKAAS). Unmanned Aerial Vehicle used to collect aerial photos data then undergoes a process of generating DEM according to three types of accuracy and quality from Agisoft PhotoScan software. The higher the level of accuracy and quality of DEM produced, the longer time taken to generate a DEM. The reading of the errors created while producing the DEM shows almost 0.01 different. Therefore, it has been identified there are some important parameters which influenced the accuracy of DEM.

Eröffnung des „Hauses der Astronomie“ auf dem Königsstuhl

OpenAIRE

Pössel, Markus; Tschira, Klaus

2012-01-01

Mit dem „Haus der Astronomie“ (HdA) auf dem Königsstuhl ist ein neues Zentrum für astronomische Bildungs- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in Heidelberg eröffnet. Das Haus der Astronomie ist eine gemeinsame Einrichtung der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) und der Klaus Tschira Stiftung unter Beteiligung der Stadt Heidelberg und der Ruperto Carola, deren Zentrum für Astronomie eng mit dem HdA zusammenarbeitet. Ziel des HdA ist es, astronomische Forschung einer breiten Öffentlichkeit in verständlicher Fo...

Relative Error Evaluation to Typical Open Global dem Datasets in Shanxi Plateau of China

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, S.; Zhang, S.; Cheng, W.

2018-04-01

Produced by radar data or stereo remote sensing image pairs, global DEM datasets are one of the most important types for DEM data. Relative error relates to surface quality created by DEM data, so it relates to geomorphology and hydrologic applications using DEM data. Taking Shanxi Plateau of China as the study area, this research evaluated the relative error to typical open global DEM datasets including Shuttle Radar Terrain Mission (SRTM) data with 1 arc second resolution (SRTM1), SRTM data with 3 arc second resolution (SRTM3), ASTER global DEM data in the second version (GDEM-v2) and ALOS world 3D-30m (AW3D) data. Through process and selection, more than 300,000 ICESat/GLA14 points were used as the GCP data, and the vertical error was computed and compared among four typical global DEM datasets. Then, more than 2,600,000 ICESat/GLA14 point pairs were acquired using the distance threshold between 100 m and 500 m. Meanwhile, the horizontal distance between every point pair was computed, so the relative error was achieved using slope values based on vertical error difference and the horizontal distance of the point pairs. Finally, false slope ratio (FSR) index was computed through analyzing the difference between DEM and ICESat/GLA14 values for every point pair. Both relative error and FSR index were categorically compared for the four DEM datasets under different slope classes. Research results show: Overall, AW3D has the lowest relative error values in mean error, mean absolute error, root mean square error and standard deviation error; then the SRTM1 data, its values are a little higher than AW3D data; the SRTM3 and GDEM-v2 data have the highest relative error values, and the values for the two datasets are similar. Considering different slope conditions, all the four DEM data have better performance in flat areas but worse performance in sloping regions; AW3D has the best performance in all the slope classes, a litter better than SRTM1; with slope increasing

a High Precision dem Extraction Method Based on Insar Data

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xinshuang; Liu, Lingling; Shi, Xiaoliang; Huang, Xitao; Geng, Wei

2018-04-01

In the 13th Five-Year Plan for Geoinformatics Business, it is proposed that the new InSAR technology should be applied to surveying and mapping production, which will become the innovation driving force of geoinformatics industry. This paper will study closely around the new outline of surveying and mapping and then achieve the TerraSAR/TanDEM data of Bin County in Shaanxi Province in X band. The studying steps are as follows; Firstly, the baseline is estimated from the orbital data; Secondly, the interferometric pairs of SAR image are accurately registered; Thirdly, the interferogram is generated; Fourth, the interferometric correlation information is estimated and the flat-earth phase is removed. In order to solve the phase noise and the discontinuity phase existing in the interferometric image of phase, a GAMMA adaptive filtering method is adopted. Aiming at the "hole" problem of missing data in low coherent area, the interpolation method of low coherent area mask is used to assist the phase unwrapping. Then, the accuracy of the interferometric baseline is estimated from the ground control points. Finally, 1 : 50000 DEM is generated, and the existing DEM data is used to verify the accuracy through statistical analysis. The research results show that the improved InSAR data processing method in this paper can obtain the high-precision DEM of the study area, exactly the same with the topography of reference DEM. The R2 can reach to 0.9648, showing a strong positive correlation.

Mineral oil; Mineraloel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schult-Bornemann, Karl-Heinz [Magdeburg Univ. (Germany)

2015-07-01

The dominant theme in the world energy market was the fall in oil prices in 2014. From 115 US-$/bbl in June it dropped to below 50 US-$/bbl in January 2015. Thereby the shale oil revolution has had the strong impact on the global energy situation, to this point has been predicted for three years. Although no one could predict the exact height of the fall in oil prices, but with oil as a reserve currency for all other fuels, it has not only had an impact on the gas and coal prices, but other commodities, such as copper, have also yielded. About cause and effect, there is a lot of speculation - not all of which are supported by wisdom. [German] Das beherrschende Thema im Weltenergiemarkt war der Absturz des Rohoelpreises in 2014. Von 115 US-$/bbl im Juni sank er auf unter 50 US-$/bbl im Januar 2015. Damit hat die Schieferoelrevolution den kraeftigen Einfluss auf die Weltenergiesituation gehabt, der an dieser Stelle seit drei Jahren vorhergesagt wurde. Zwar konnte niemand die exakte Hoehe des Rueckgangs des Oelpreises prognostizieren, aber mit Oel als Leitwaehrung fuer alle anderen Energietraeger hat es nicht nur Einfluss auf den Gas- und Kohlepreis gehabt, sondern andere Rohstoffe, wie zum Beispiel Kupfer, haben ebenfalls nachgegeben. Ueber Ursache und Wirkung gibt es viele Spekulationen - nicht alle sind von Weisheit getragen.

Power transmission in combined compressors comprising a radial and side channel stage. Final report and appendices; Untersuchungen ueber die Energieuebertragung in kombinierten Verdichtern aus Radial- und Seitenkanalstufe. Abschlussbericht und Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Surek, D.

2001-07-30

In the field of turbo-compressors, the following problems must be solved in order to extend the range of operation: (a) Prevention of rotating stall at part load; (b) Extension of the permissible operating range at part load; (c) Extension of the operation range of radial and side channel compressors in higher vacuum below p{sub s}=50kPa. (c) can be achieved by changing the flow pattern in the rotor and in the region of interaction between the blade wheel and guide wheel of radial compressors or by actively influencing transient flow, e.g. by coupling radial compressor stages with a side channel compressor stage as final stage. The contribution goes into detail about the latter solution. [German] Fuer den Turboverdichterbau sind gegenwaertig folgende Probleme zur Erweiterung der Betriebsbereiche dringend zu loesen: (a) Vermeiden oder beseitigen von Rotating Stall im Teillastbereich,(b) Erweiterung des zulaessigen Arbeitsbereiches im Teillastgebiet, (c) Erschliessung des Arbeitsbereichs von Radial- und Seitenkanalverdichtern im hoeheren Vakuumbereich unterhalb von p{sub s}=50 kPa. Die Erweiterung des zulaessigen Arbeitsbereichs im Teillastgebiet kann durch Veraenderung der Stroemungsstruktur im Laufrad und im Interaktionsbereich zwischen Lauf- und Leitrad von Radialverdichtern oder durch die aktive Beeinflussung der instationaeren Stroemung z.B. durch Kopplung von Radialverdichterstufen mit einer Seitenkanalverdichterstufe als Endstufe erfolgen. Seitenkanalverdichter verfuegen ueber stabile Kennlinien im gesamten Betriebsbereich. Im Kombinationsbetrieb einer Radialverdichterstufe mit nach- oder vorgeschalteter Seitenkanalverdichterstufe praegte die Seitenkanalverdichterstufe dem Kombinationsverdichter ihr stabiles Kennlinienverhalten auf, so dass sich eine stabile Gesamtkennlinie ergibt. Eine Pumpgrenze tritt nicht mehr auf, so dass der Betrieb von Verdichterkombinationen aus Radial- und Seitenkanalstufe im gesamten Kennlinienbereich moeglich ist. Die

COMPARISON AND CO-REGISTRATION OF DEMS GENERATED FROM HiRISE AND CTX IMAGES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Y. Wang

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Images from two sensors, the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE and the Context Camera (CTX, both on-board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO, were used to generate high-quality DEMs (Digital Elevation Models of the Martian surface. However, there were discrepancies between the DEMs generated from the images acquired by these two sensors due to various reasons, such as variations in boresight alignment between the two sensors during the flight in the complex environment. This paper presents a systematic investigation of the discrepancies between the DEMs generated from the HiRISE and CTX images. A combined adjustment algorithm is presented for the co-registration of HiRISE and CTX DEMs. Experimental analysis was carried out using the HiRISE and CTX images collected at the Mars Rover landing site and several other typical regions. The results indicated that there were systematic offsets between the HiRISE and CTX DEMs in the longitude and latitude directions. However, the offset in the altitude was less obvious. After combined adjustment, the offsets were eliminated and the HiRISE and CTX DEMs were co-registered to each other. The presented research is of significance for the synergistic use of HiRISE and CTX images for precision Mars topographic mapping.

Einfluss verschiedener Traubenmost-Konzentrierungsverfahren auf die Weinqualität

OpenAIRE

Weber, Dirk

2006-01-01

Auf internationaler Ebene wurden seit längerer Zeit Bedeutung und Konsequenzen einer Zulassung „neuer önologischer Verfahren“ erörtert. Seit 1998 führte man diese Diskussion auch in Deutschland. Diese neuen Verfahren setzten internationale Wettbewerber zum Teil bereits erfolgreich ein. Um auf dem internationalen Markt mit diesen Weinen konkurrieren zu können und im Rahmen der Chancen-Gleichheit, kam in der deutschen Weinbranche der Wunsch auf, diese Verfahren auch hier zuzulassen. Eines diese...

Optimizing digital elevation models (DEMs) accuracy for planning and design of mobile communication networks

Science.gov (United States)

Hassan, Mahmoud A.

2004-02-01

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are important tools in the planning, design and maintenance of mobile communication networks. This research paper proposes a method for generating high accuracy DEMs based on SPOT satellite 1A stereo pair images, ground control points (GCP) and Erdas OrthoBASE Pro image processing software. DEMs with 0.2911 m mean error were achieved for the hilly and heavily populated city of Amman. The generated DEM was used to design a mobile communication network resulted in a minimum number of radio base transceiver stations, maximum number of covered regions and less than 2% of dead zones.

IceBridge DMS L3 Photogrammetric DEM

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The IceBridge DMS L3 Photogrammetric DEM (IODMS3) data set contains gridded digital elevation models and orthorectified images of Greenland derived from the Digital...

58th report of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Annual report 2001; 58. Bericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Jahresbericht 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-07-01

This annual report focuses on Rhine water quality from the view of water treatment for drinking. While the 'classic' parameters, i.e. nutrients, salts, heavy metals, summary organic substance parameters have reached have reached a more or less satisfactory and stable level, there are always enhanced concentrations or new compounds of anthropogenic zenobiotics. [German] Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW) legt hiermit ihren 58. Jahresbericht vor, in dem ueber ihre Taetigkeiten, Ergebnisse aus dem Untersuchungsprogramm der Rhein-Wasserwerke and aktuelle Fragestellungen berichtet wird. In diesem Jahrsbericht wird wiederum schwerpunktmaessig auf die Beschaffenheit des Rheinwassers unter dem Aspekt der Trinkwassergewinnung eingegangen. Waehrend bei den klassischen Parametern (Naehrstoffe, Salze, Schwermetalle, summarische organische Messgroessen) inzwischen ein ueberwiegend guter chemischer Zustand erreicht ist, werden bei den anthropogenen xenobiotischen Einzelstoffen immer wieder erhoehte Konzentrationen oder 'neue' Verbindungen im Rhein entdeckt. (orig.)

Biodiesel 2013/2014. Progress report and perspective. Extract from the UFOP annual report; Biodiesel 2013/2014. Sachstandsbericht und Perspektive. Auszug aus dem UFOP-Jahresbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2014-08-15

In this publication the Union for the Promotion of Oil and Protein Plants (UFOP) their activities. Presented are the public relations, the activities of the Commission biofuels and renewable raw materials and their members. Too it is reported on the gasoline station testing, as well as about the UFOP position paper on biofuels policy. [German] In der vorliegenden Publikation beschreibt die Union zur Foerderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen e.V. (UFOP) ihre Aktivitaeten. Dargestellt wird die Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit, die Taetigkeit der Fachkommission Biokraftstoffe und nachwachsende Rohstoffe und deren Mitglieder. Berichtet wird noch ueber die Tankstellenerprobung, sowie ueber das UFOP-Positionspapier zur Biokraftstoffpolitik.

2016 USGS Lidar DEM: Maine QL2

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Product: These are Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data for Franklin, Oxford, Piscataquis, and Somerset Counties, Maine as part of the required deliverables for the...

Proceedings on the seminar on small hydroelectric installations: Practice report and current development; Beitraege zum Seminar Kleinwasserkraft: Praxis und aktuelle Entwicklung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-31

This seminar on small hydroelectric installations informs on aspects of construction and administrative aspects. But above all, questions of machinery are dealt with. The book gives an overview of turbine types, topical recent developments in the sector of small hydroelectric power stations, and modern opportunities for fast and inexpensive design of power station components. Beyond the discussion of technical issues, the seminar wants to further contacts between science, turbine manufacturers, consultants and plant operators. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Seminar Kleinwasserkraft gibt eine Uebersicht ueber bauliche Gestaltung und behoerdliche Aspekte. Vorallem behandelt es aber maschinenbauliche Problemstellungen. Es zeigt einen Ueberblick ueber Turbinentypen, aktuelle Neuentwicklungen im Kleinwassersektor, sowie moderne Moeglichkeiten zum schnellen und preiswerten Design von Kraftwerkskomponenten. Neben dem technischen Teil dient das Seminar auch der Foerderung des Kontakts zwischen Wissenschaft, Turbinenherstellern, Consultants und Anlagenbetreibern. (orig.)

Blaze-DEMGPU: Modular high performance DEM framework for the GPU architecture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolin Govender

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Blaze-DEMGPU is a modular GPU based discrete element method (DEM framework that supports polyhedral shaped particles. The high level performance is attributed to the light weight and Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD that the GPU architecture offers. Blaze-DEMGPU offers suitable algorithms to conduct DEM simulations on the GPU and these algorithms can be extended and modified. Since a large number of scientific simulations are particle based, many of the algorithms and strategies for GPU implementation present in Blaze-DEMGPU can be applied to other fields. Blaze-DEMGPU will make it easier for new researchers to use high performance GPU computing as well as stimulate wider GPU research efforts by the DEM community.

EVALUATION OF AIRBORNE L- BAND MULTI-BASELINE POL-INSAR FOR DEM EXTRACTION BENEATH FOREST CANOPY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. M. Li

2018-04-01

Full Text Available DEM beneath forest canopy is difficult to extract with optical stereo pairs, InSAR and Pol-InSAR techniques. Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR based on different penetration and view angles could reflect vertical structure and ground structure. This paper aims at evaluating the possibility of TomoSAR for underlying DEM extraction. Airborne L-band repeat-pass Pol-InSAR collected in BioSAR 2008 campaign was applied to reconstruct the 3D structure of forest. And sum of kronecker product and algebraic synthesis algorithm were used to extract ground structure, and phase linking algorithm was applied to estimate ground phase. Then Goldstein cut-branch approach was used to unwrap the phases and then estimated underlying DEM. The average difference between the extracted underlying DEM and Lidar DEM is about 3.39 m in our test site. And the result indicates that it is possible for underlying DEM estimation with airborne L-band repeat-pass TomoSAR technique.

Evaluation of Airborne l- Band Multi-Baseline Pol-Insar for dem Extraction Beneath Forest Canopy

Science.gov (United States)

Li, W. M.; Chen, E. X.; Li, Z. Y.; Jiang, C.; Jia, Y.

2018-04-01

DEM beneath forest canopy is difficult to extract with optical stereo pairs, InSAR and Pol-InSAR techniques. Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) based on different penetration and view angles could reflect vertical structure and ground structure. This paper aims at evaluating the possibility of TomoSAR for underlying DEM extraction. Airborne L-band repeat-pass Pol-InSAR collected in BioSAR 2008 campaign was applied to reconstruct the 3D structure of forest. And sum of kronecker product and algebraic synthesis algorithm were used to extract ground structure, and phase linking algorithm was applied to estimate ground phase. Then Goldstein cut-branch approach was used to unwrap the phases and then estimated underlying DEM. The average difference between the extracted underlying DEM and Lidar DEM is about 3.39 m in our test site. And the result indicates that it is possible for underlying DEM estimation with airborne L-band repeat-pass TomoSAR technique.

A photogrammetric DEM of Greenland based on 1978-1987 aerial photos: validation and integration with laser altimetry and satellite-derived DEMs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Korsgaard, Niels Jákup; Kjær, Kurt H.; Nuth, Christopher

Here we present a DEM of Greenland covering all ice-free terrain and the margins of the GrIS and local glaciers and ice caps. The DEM is based on the 3534 photos used in the aero-triangulation which were recorded by the Danish Geodata Agency (then the Geodetic Institute) in survey campaigns...... spanning the period 1978-1987. The GrIS is covered tens of kilometers into the interior due to the large footprints of the photos (30 x 30 km) and control provided by the aero-triangulation. Thus, the data are ideal for providing information for analysis of ice marginal elevation change and also control...

Der Einfluss von rechtsgerichtetem Autoritarismus und sozialer Dominanzorientierung auf homophobe Einstellungen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarah Andrejewski

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Das Thema Homophobie geriet seit 2012 verstärkt in das Interesse der Medien. Ursachen waren u.a. die Erlassung homophober Gesetze in Russland, Outings von prominenten Persönlichkeiten wie Fußballspieler und Politiker oder die in Frankreich auftretenden Massendemonstrationen zur Verhinderung der gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehe. Durch das kürzlich stattfindende Attentat in einem beliebten Club der LGBT-Community in Orlando ist das Thema präsenter denn je. Neben Untersuchungen, die aufdecken, welchen Vorurteilen Menschen mit einer homosexuellen Ausrichtung ausgesetzt sind und wie sich diese im Alltag der Betroffenen niederschlagen, suchen vermehrt Studien nach den Gründen dieser Vorurteile. Die vorliegende Arbeit bedient sich dazu etablierter Konzepte aus der Vorurteilsforschung, um diese in einen Zusammenhang mit homophoben Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen zu bringen. Mithilfe einer Online-Befragung von 249 heterosexuellen Teilnehmern wurde der Einfluss von rechtsgerichteten Autoritarismus (RWA, sozialer Dominanzorientierung (SDO und sozialer Identität (SI auf homophobe Einstellungen ermittelt. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die untersuchten Variablen negativ auf die Einstellungen der Untersuchungsteilnehmer gegenüber Schwulen und Lesben wirken. Gleichzeitig wurde die Mediatorrolle der sozialen Identität als Identifikation mit der eigenen heterosexuellen Orientierung getestet und nachgewiesen, dass diese als Mediator zwischen RWA, SDO und homophoben Einstellungen fungiert.

2014 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar DEM: Oregon

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These Digital Elevation Model (DEM) files contain rasterized topobathy lidar elevations at a 1 m grid size, generated from data collected by the Coastal Zone Mapping...

Investigations on the effect of creep stress on the thermal properties of metallic materials; Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Zeitstandbeanspruchung auf die thermischen Eigenschaften metallischer Werkstoffe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radtke, U [Univ. Dortmund (Germany); Crostack, H A [Univ. Dortmund (Germany); Winschuh, E [Siemens KWU, Offenbach (Germany)

1996-12-31

Using thermal wave analysis with front side infrared detection on sample material damaged by creep, one examines whether the creep stress has an effect on the thermal material properties and to what effect this can be used to estimate the remaining service life. (orig.) [Deutsch] Unter Anwendung der Waermewellenanalyse mit frontseitiger Infrarotdetektion auf zeitstandgeschaedigtes Probenmaterial wird untersucht, ob die Zeitstandbeanspruchung einen Einfluss auf die thermischen Werkstoffeigenschaften hat und inwieweit dieser zur Abschaetzung der Restlebensdauer genutzt werden kann. (orig.)

Electron beam welding in the fabrication of thick-walled large-size pipes of C-Mn steels. Final report; Elektronenstrahlschweissen bei der Fertigung von dickwandigen Grossrohren aus C-Mn-Staehlen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woeste, K

2001-11-01

This research project investigates electron beam welding as a method of fabrication of large-size pipes with longitudinal welds. The effects of the welding speed on the mechanical and technological properties of the weld are investigated. From the economic view, electron beam welding is much more favourable than submerged-arc welding. [German] Dieses Forschungsprojekt soll dazu beitragen, das Elektronenstrahlschweissen als Fertigungsverfahren fuer laengsnahtgeschweisste Grossrohre zu qualifizieren. Dabei wird der Einfluss der Schweissgeschwindigkeit auf die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften der Schweissung untersucht. Im Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleich schneidet Elektronenstrahlschweissverfahren gegenueber dem Unterpulverschweissverfahren eindeutig besser ab.

Das Widerspenstige bändigen

OpenAIRE

Ittner, Helmut

2016-01-01

Dem Handeln von Lehrkräften wird in der schulischen Praxis wie in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur ein wesentlicher Einfluss auf die Qualität von schulischem Unterricht zugesprochen. Auch wenn umfangreiche normative Vorstellungen über ein gutes Lehr-Handeln bestehen, so gibt es wenig Erkenntnis darüber, welche Gründe Lehrkräfte für ihr pädagogisches Handeln haben. Das Handeln von Lehrkräften kann nur dann adäquat erfasst werden, wenn Bildung einerseits als Weitergabe von Kultur an die nachfol...

FUSION OF MULTI-SCALE DEMS FROM DESCENT AND NAVCM IMAGES OF CHANG’E-3 USING COMPRESSED SENSING METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Peng

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The multi-source DEMs generated using the images acquired in the descent and landing phase and after landing contain supplementary information, and this makes it possible and beneficial to produce a higher-quality DEM through fusing the multi-scale DEMs. The proposed fusion method consists of three steps. First, source DEMs are split into small DEM patches, then the DEM patches are classified into a few groups by local density peaks clustering. Next, the grouped DEM patches are used for sub-dictionary learning by stochastic coordinate coding. The trained sub-dictionaries are combined into a dictionary for sparse representation. Finally, the simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP algorithm is used to achieve sparse representation. We use the real DEMs generated from Chang’e-3 descent images and navigation camera (Navcam stereo images to validate the proposed method. Through the experiments, we have reconstructed a seamless DEM with the highest resolution and the largest spatial coverage among the input data. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.

Pick by click. Online-markets for commodities; Zuschlag per Mausklick. Elektronische Marktplaetze in der Energiewirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haug, M.; Schreiber, M. [EUtech Energie- und Umweltberatung GbR, Aachen (Germany); Aixergy AG, Aachen (Germany)

2000-07-01

The deregulation of the German energy market has led to growing competition (among the utilities), causing prices to crumble. Consumers must intensify their search efforts considerably in order to identify the most suitable utility. Internet-based 'B2B' market-places for commodities such as electricity, gas and water help to optimise the match between demand and supply. (orig.) [German] Mit dem Wegfall der Gebietsmonopole herrscht Wettbewerb auf dem Energiemarkt. Sinkende Preise sind die Folge. Fuer die Energieverbraucher wird es immer aufwendiger, den fuer sie guenstigsten Anbieter zu ermitteln. Hier sehen internetbasierte Handelsplattformen ihre Chance. Ueber B2B-Plattformen lassen sich Strom, Gas, Heizoel oder andere Commodities vertreiben. (orig.)

TanDEM-X the Earth surface observation project from space level - basis and mission status

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jerzy Wiśniowski

2015-03-01

Full Text Available TanDEM-X is DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt the Earth surface observation project using high-resolution SAR interferometry. It opens a new era in space borne radar remote sensing. The system is based on two satellites: TerraSAR-X (TSX and TanDEM-X (TDX flying on the very close, strictly controlled orbits. This paper gives an overview of the radar technology and overview of the TanDEM-X mission concept which is based on several innovative technologies. The primary objective of the mission is to deliver a global digital elevation model (DEM with an unprecedented accuracy, which is equal to or surpass the HRTI-3 specifications (12 m posting, relative height accuracy ±2 m for slope < 20% and ±4 m for slope > 20% [8]. Beyond that, TanDEM-X provides a highly reconfigurable platform for the demonstration of new radar imaging techniques and applications.[b]Keywords[/b]: remote sensing, Bistatic SAR, digital elevation model (DEM, Helix formation, SAR interferomery, HRTI-3, synchronization

EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF DEM GENERATION ALGORITHMS FROM UAV IMAGERY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. J. Ruiz

2013-08-01

Full Text Available In this work we evaluated how the use of different positioning systems affects the accuracy of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs generated from aerial imagery obtained with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs. In this domain, state-of-the-art DEM generation algorithms suffer from typical errors obtained by GPS/INS devices in the position measurements associated with each picture obtained. The deviations from these measurements to real world positions are about meters. The experiments have been carried out using a small quadrotor in the indoor testbed at the Center for Advanced Aerospace Technologies (CATEC. This testbed houses a system that is able to track small markers mounted on the UAV and along the scenario with millimeter precision. This provides very precise position measurements, to which we can add random noise to simulate errors in different GPS receivers. The results showed that final DEM accuracy clearly depends on the positioning information.

German Environmental Information Network - GEIN; Grundlagen der Umweltpolitik, Umweltstrategien. Umweltinformationsnetz Deutschland - GEIN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandholtz, T.

2001-05-01

The German Environmental Information Network (GEIN) consolidates a wide range of information currently distributed across many different Web sites run by public institutions in Germany, such as environmental authorities, agencies and ministries at the federal and Land (state) levels. The 'Portal to German Environmental Information' offers an easy-to-use access for any internet user by one single address, supporting the choice of search conditions through thesaurus-terms, geographic names, and an interactive environmental calendar. Behind that a unique XML namespace giving a solid semantic ground to bhe communication between the information providers and their 'broker'. GEIN supports automatic, thesaurus-based indexing, and a fast broadcasting mechanism (XML via HTTP) for queries that cannot be processed using the index only. Since GEIN has been inaugurated on June 9th, 2000, it has found a broad acceptance in the general public as well as with the professionals. (orig.) [German] Das Umweltinformationsnetz Deutschland (GEIN) vereint ein weites Spektrum an Umweltinformation von oeffentlichen Einrichtungen und Behoerden im Internet, die zuvor allein ueber zahlreiche individuelle Websites erreichbar war. Das 'Portal der Deutschen Umweltinformation' bietet jedem Internetbenutzer zu diesen Informationen einen umkomplizierten Zugang ueber eine einzige Adresse. Darueber hinaus erhaelt der Benutzer vielfaeltige Unterstuetzung bei der Wahl geeigneter Suchbedingungen durch Fach-Vokabular, geografische Namen und einen interaktiven Umweltkalender. Dahinter steht ein eigener XML-'Namensraum' (namespace), der die Kommunikation zwischen den einzelnen Informationsanbietern und ihrem gemeinsamen 'Broker' auf eine stabile semantische Grundlage stellt. GEIN verfuegt ueber ein thesaurus-basiertes Indizierungsverfahren, sowie ueber einen schnellen Verteilungs-mechanismus fuer Anfragen, die nicht aus dem Index beantwortet werden koennen

Quality assurance and quality control of analytic data produced within the Association for Research on Heavy Metal Emissions; Qualitaetssicherung und Qualitaetskontrolle der analytischen Daten aus dem Forschungsverbund Edelmetallemissionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wegscheider, W [Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Austria). Inst. fuer Allgemeine und Analytische Chemie

1998-12-31

In many fields of scientific research formalised quality assurance is not common practice. The present promotional measure by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research was nevertheless provided with an own research project for external quality assurance. This paper reports on the orientation and execution of the project. [Deutsch] Formalisierte Qualitaetssicherung ist ueber weite Bereiche in der naturwissenschaftlichen Forschung nicht ueblich. Fuer diese Foerdermassnahme des BMBF wurde dennoch ein eigenes Forschungsvorhaben zur externen Qualitaetssicherung eingerichtet ueber dessen Ausrichtung und Durchfuehrung im folgenden berichtet wird. (orig.)

Quality assurance and quality control of analytic data produced within the Association for Research on Heavy Metal Emissions; Qualitaetssicherung und Qualitaetskontrolle der analytischen Daten aus dem Forschungsverbund Edelmetallemissionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wegscheider, W. [Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Austria). Inst. fuer Allgemeine und Analytische Chemie

1997-12-31

In many fields of scientific research formalised quality assurance is not common practice. The present promotional measure by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research was nevertheless provided with an own research project for external quality assurance. This paper reports on the orientation and execution of the project. [Deutsch] Formalisierte Qualitaetssicherung ist ueber weite Bereiche in der naturwissenschaftlichen Forschung nicht ueblich. Fuer diese Foerdermassnahme des BMBF wurde dennoch ein eigenes Forschungsvorhaben zur externen Qualitaetssicherung eingerichtet ueber dessen Ausrichtung und Durchfuehrung im folgenden berichtet wird. (orig.)

On the issue of higher human sensitivity to carcinogenic substances in early childhood; Zur Frage einer hoeheren Empfindlichkeit von Kindern gegenueber krebserzeugenden Stoffen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schneider, K [comp.

1998-09-01

. Woche: 0%, - Exposition ueber 52 Wochen ab 13. Woche: 22%. Inzidenz Hepatome: - Exposition ueber 4 Wochen ab Tag 1: 47,6%, - Exposition ueber 4 Wochen ab 13. Woche: 0%, - Exposition ueber 52 Wochen ab 13. Woche: 1,7%. (B) Diethylnitrosamin, Dyroff et al., 1986: (DEN + Phenobarbital), Hepatokarzinomen nach Exposition von Ratten ueber 6 Wochen: - beginnend im Alter von 4 Wochen: 100% Inzidenz, - beginnend im Alter von 8 Wochen: 0% Inzidenz. (C) Benz(a)pyren, Vesselinovitch et al., 1975: Lebertumoren nach einmaliger parenteraler Applikation an Ratten: - im Alter von 1 Tag: maennl.: 81% weibl.: 18%, - im Alter von 42 Tagen: maennl.: 9%, weibl.: 0%. Wie die Untersuchung von Maltoni et al. (1981) zu Vinylchlorid zeigt, kann bei gleicher Expositionskonzentration eine Exposition junger Tiere ueber einen kurzen Zeitraum zu einer hoeheren Tumorinzidenz fuehren als das Langzeitexperiment mit erwachsenen Tieren. Fuer alle Stoffe mit Ausnahme von Saccharin wurde eine gentoxische Wirkung nachgewiesen. Dies laesst vermuten, dass der Mechanismus der Kanzerogenese wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Altersabhaengigkeit hat. Dies steht in Einklang mit den mechanistischen Ueberlegungen. (orig.)

Estimating Horizontal Displacement between DEMs by Means of Particle Image Velocimetry Techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan F. Reinoso

2015-12-01

Full Text Available To date, digital terrain model (DTM accuracy has been studied almost exclusively by computing its height variable. However, the largely ignored horizontal component bears a great influence on the positional accuracy of certain linear features, e.g., in hydrological features. In an effort to fill this gap, we propose a means of measurement different from the geomatic approach, involving fluid mechanics (water and air flows or aerodynamics. The particle image velocimetry (PIV algorithm is proposed as an estimator of horizontal differences between digital elevation models (DEM in grid format. After applying a scale factor to the displacement estimated by the PIV algorithm, the mean error predicted is around one-seventh of the cell size of the DEM with the greatest spatial resolution, and around one-nineteenth of the cell size of the DEM with the least spatial resolution. Our methodology allows all kinds of DTMs to be compared once they are transformed into DEM format, while also allowing comparison of data from diverse capture methods, i.e., LiDAR versus photogrammetric data sources.

Deformation, strength and toughness of Al-6xxx profile welds under static and crash loads. Final report; Verformungsfaehigkeit, Festigkeit und Zaehigkeit von AI-6XXX-Profilschweissverbindungen bei statischer und crashartiger Belastung. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oeser, S.; Memhard, D.; Blauel, J.G.; Boehme

2000-10-01

The mechanical behaviour of welded aluminium alloy profiles was characterised using a MIG weld on a die-cast ICE floor profile of AlMgSi0,7/SG-AlMg4,5MnZr, including the material gradients induced by welding and the influence of higher load rates. Mechanical-technological characteristics as well as stress/strain curves of the different zones were measured on small tensile test pieces. The tensile tests were simulated using the Gurson model in order to define parameters for a description of the ductile damage. Using these damage parameters, tensile tests were simulated on flat tensile test pieces with orientation transverse to the weld in order to assess the load, deformation and failure characteristics of the whole (flawless) weld. Flawed seams were tested in experiments with CCT (centre-cracked tensile) test pieces in order to obtain cracking resistance curves J{sub R}. The numerical analyses covered both deformation and failure. [German] Das mechanische Verhalten von geschweissten Profilkonstruktionen aus Aluminiumlegierungen wurde am Beispiel einer MIG-Schweissverbindung an einem stranggepressten ICE-Bodenprofil aus AlMgSi0,7/SG-AlMg4,5MnZr werkstoffmechanisch charakterisiert. Dabei wurden die schweissbedingten Werkstoffgradienten ebenso beruecksichtigt wie der Einfluss hoeherer Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten. Anhand von Versuchen an Kleinzugproben wurden mechanisch-technologische Kennwerte sowie wahre Spannungs-Dehnungs-Kurven fuer die einzelnen Materialbereiche (Grundwerkstoff, Waermeeinflusszone, Schweissgut) ermittelt. Diese Zugversuche wurden mit dem Gurson-Modell simuliert, um Parameter fuer eine Beschreibung der duktilen Schaedigung zu bestimmen. Mit diesen Schaedigungsparametern wurden an Flachzugproben mit Orientierung quer zur Naht durchgefuehrte Zugversuche simuliert, um das Traglast-, Verformungs- und Versagensverhalten der gesamten (fehlerfreien) Naht zu analysieren. Fuer die Charakterisierung des Nahtverhaltens mit Fehler wurden Bruchmechanikversuche

Acute environmental toxicity and persistence of DEM, a chemical agent simulant: Diethyl malonate. [Diethyl malonate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cataldo, D.A.; Ligotke, M.W.; Harvey, S.D.; Fellows, R.J.; Li, Shu-mei W.; Van Voris, P.; Wentsel, R.S.

1990-05-01

The purpose of the following chemical simulant studies is to assess the potential acute environmental effects and persistence of diethyl malonate (DEM). Deposition velocities for DEM to soil surfaces ranged from 0.04 to 0.2 cm/sec. For foliar surfaces, deposition velocities ranged from 0.0002 cm/sec at low air concentrations to 0.05 cm/sec for high dose levels. The residence times or half-lives of DEM deposited to soils was 2 h for the fast component and 5 to 16 h for the residual material. DEM deposited to foliar surfaces also exhibited biphasic depuration. The half-life of the short residence time component ranged from 1 to 3 h, while the longer time component had half-times of 16 to 242 h. Volatilization and other depuration mechanisms reduce surface contaminant levels in both soils and foliage to less than 1% of initial dose within 96 h. DEM is not phytotoxic at foliar mass loading levels of less than 10 {mu}m/cm{sup 2}. However, severe damage is evident at mass loading levels in excess of 17 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}. Tall fescue and sagebrush were more affected than was short-needle pine, however, mass loading levels were markedly different. Regrowth of tall fescue indicated that the effects of DEM are residual, and growth rates are affected only at higher mass loadings through the second harvest. Results from in vitro testing of DEM indicated concentrations below 500 {mu}g/g dry soil generally did not negatively impact soil microbial activity. Short-term effects of DEM were more profound on soil dehydrogenase activity than on soil phosphatase activity. No enzyme inhibition or enhancement was observed after 28 days in incubation. Results of the earthworm bioassay indicate survival to be 86 and 66% at soil doses of 107 and 204 {mu}g DEM/cm{sup 2}, respectively. At higher dose level, activity or mobility was judged to be affected in over 50% of the individuals. 21 refs., 10 figs., 15 tabs.

Identification and delineation of areas flood hazard using high accuracy of DEM data

Science.gov (United States)

Riadi, B.; Barus, B.; Widiatmaka; Yanuar, M. J. P.; Pramudya, B.

2018-05-01

Flood incidents that often occur in Karawang regency need to be mitigated. These expectations exist on technologies that can predict, anticipate and reduce disaster risks. Flood modeling techniques using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data can be applied in mitigation activities. High accuracy DEM data used in modeling, will result in better flooding flood models. The result of high accuracy DEM data processing will yield information about surface morphology which can be used to identify indication of flood hazard area. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe flood hazard areas by identifying wetland areas using DEM data and Landsat-8 images. TerraSAR-X high-resolution data is used to detect wetlands from landscapes, while land cover is identified by Landsat image data. The Topography Wetness Index (TWI) method is used to detect and identify wetland areas with basic DEM data, while for land cover analysis using Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) method. The result of TWI modeling yields information about potential land of flood. Overlay TWI map with land cover map that produces information that in Karawang regency the most vulnerable areas occur flooding in rice fields. The spatial accuracy of the flood hazard area in this study was 87%.

How large is the Upper Indus Basin? The pitfalls of auto-delineation using DEMs

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Asif; Richards, Keith S.; Parker, Geoffrey T.; McRobie, Allan; Mukhopadhyay, Biswajit

2014-02-01

Extraction of watershed areas from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) is increasingly required in a variety of environmental analyses. It is facilitated by the availability of DEMs based on remotely sensed data, and by Geographical Information System (GIS) software. However, accurate delineation depends on the quality of the DEM and the methodology adopted. This paper considers automated and supervised delineation in a case study of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB), Pakistan, for which published estimates of the basin area show significant disagreement, ranging from 166,000 to 266,000 km2. Automated delineation used ArcGIS Archydro and hydrology tools applied to three good quality DEMs (two from SRTM data with 90m resolution, and one from 30m resolution ASTER data). Automatic delineation defined a basin area of c.440,000 km2 for the UIB, but included a large area of internal drainage in the western Tibetan Plateau. It is shown that discrepancies between different estimates reflect differences in the initial extent of the DEM used for watershed delineation, and the unchecked effect of iterative pit-filling of the DEM (going beyond the filling of erroneous pixels to filling entire closed basins). For the UIB we have identified critical points where spurious addition of catchment area has arisen, and use Google Earth to examine the geomorphology adjacent to these points, and also examine the basin boundary data provided by the HydroSHEDS database. We show that the Pangong Tso watershed and some other areas in the western Tibetan plateau are not part of the UIB, but are areas of internal drainage. Our best estimate of the area of the Upper Indus Basin (at Besham Qila) is 164,867 km2 based on the SRTM DEM, and 164,853 km2 using the ASTER DEM). This matches the catchment area measured by WAPDA SWHP. An important lesson from this investigation is that one should not rely on automated delineation, as iterative pit-filling can produce spurious drainage networks and basins, when

Noble metal emissions. Final presentation, Hanover, October 17/18, 1996; Edelmetall - Emissionen. Abschlusspraesentation, Hannover, 17. und 18. Oktober 1996. Kurzfassung der Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pohl, D [comp.

1998-12-31

The discussion concerning noble metal emissions, in particular platinum emissions, and their environmental effects, started with the introduction of catalytical cleaning of gasoline engine exhaust. The Research Association for Noble Metal Emissions (Forschungsverbund Edelmetallemissionen) ws founded for the purpose of investigating problems concerning the types and volumes of noble metal emissions as well as their toxicological and allergological potential. In order to make valid statements on physiological and toxicological effects, it was necessary to identify the chemical forms of platinum and to develop powerful methods of analysis. Investigations of platinum concentrations in environmental samples suggest a 10 percent bioavailability. [Deutsch] Mit der Einfuehrung der katalytischen Abgasreinigung von Ottomotoren begann gleichzeitig die Diskussion ueber moegliche Emissionen von Edelmetallen, insbesondere von Platin, sowie ueber ihre eventuell moeglichen negativen Wirkungen in der Umwelt. Zur Erforschung der Fragestellungen zur Art und Menge der emittierten Platinmetalle, ihrer Aufnahme und dem Uebergang in den Nahrungskreislauf, sowie zu ihrem toxikologischen und allergologischen Potential wurde der Forschungsverbund ``Edelmetallemissionen`` gegruendet. Um Aussagen ueber physiologische und toxikologische Einfluesse zu machen, war es notwendig, die chemischen Erscheinungsformen des Platins zu identifizieren und nachweisstarke Analysenmethoden zu entwickeln. Untersuchungen zu Platinkonzentrationen in Umweltproben deuten auf eine Bioverfuegbarkeit von ca. 10 % hin. (ABI)

Myanmar 1994 country report; Laenderbericht Myanmar 1994

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-09-01

The `Laenderberichte` (country reports), published at irregular intervals, give detailed information on the economic and social structure and development of the country discussed. Extensive tables with a highly specific classification contain data on population and economics, also for longer periods of time. The data appear in a detailed text part with maps, illustrations and tables. There are tables on: Territory and population, health services, social affairs, education and culture, employment, agriculture and forestry, fishery, manufacturing industry, civil engineering, inland trade, external trade, transportation, money and credits, investments, prices and wages, supply and consumption, total balance of national economy. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die in unregelmaessiger Folge erscheinenden Laenderberichte vermitteln umfassende Informationen ueber die wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Struktur und Entwicklung des betreffenden Landes. In dem umfangreichen Tabellenteil werden tiefgegliederte Angaben ueber Bevoelkerung und Wirtschaft, auch mit laengeren Zeitreihen, veroeffentlicht. Das Zahlenmaterial wird in einem ausfuehrlichen Textteil mit eingefuegten Karten, Schaubildern und Tabellen analysiert. Sie enthalten Tabellen ueber: Gebiet und Bevoelkerung, Gesundheitswesen, Sozialwesen, Bildung und Kultur, Erwerbstaetigkeit, Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei, produzierendes Gewerbe, Bauwirtschaft, Binnenhandel, Aussenhandel, Verkehr, Geld und Kredit, Investitionen, Preise und Loehne, Versorgung und Verbrauch, volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen. (orig.)

Noble metal emissions. Final presentation, Hanover, October 17/18, 1996; Edelmetall - Emissionen. Abschlusspraesentation, Hannover, 17. und 18. Oktober 1996. Kurzfassung der Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pohl, D. [comp.

1997-12-31

The discussion concerning noble metal emissions, in particular platinum emissions, and their environmental effects, started with the introduction of catalytical cleaning of gasoline engine exhaust. The Research Association for Noble Metal Emissions (Forschungsverbund Edelmetallemissionen) ws founded for the purpose of investigating problems concerning the types and volumes of noble metal emissions as well as their toxicological and allergological potential. In order to make valid statements on physiological and toxicological effects, it was necessary to identify the chemical forms of platinum and to develop powerful methods of analysis. Investigations of platinum concentrations in environmental samples suggest a 10 percent bioavailability. [Deutsch] Mit der Einfuehrung der katalytischen Abgasreinigung von Ottomotoren begann gleichzeitig die Diskussion ueber moegliche Emissionen von Edelmetallen, insbesondere von Platin, sowie ueber ihre eventuell moeglichen negativen Wirkungen in der Umwelt. Zur Erforschung der Fragestellungen zur Art und Menge der emittierten Platinmetalle, ihrer Aufnahme und dem Uebergang in den Nahrungskreislauf, sowie zu ihrem toxikologischen und allergologischen Potential wurde der Forschungsverbund ``Edelmetallemissionen`` gegruendet. Um Aussagen ueber physiologische und toxikologische Einfluesse zu machen, war es notwendig, die chemischen Erscheinungsformen des Platins zu identifizieren und nachweisstarke Analysenmethoden zu entwickeln. Untersuchungen zu Platinkonzentrationen in Umweltproben deuten auf eine Bioverfuegbarkeit von ca. 10 % hin. (ABI)

Combined DEM Extration Method from StereoSAR and InSAR

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Z.; Zhang, J. X.; Duan, M. Y.; Huang, G. M.; Yang, S. C.

2015-06-01

A pair of SAR images acquired from different positions can be used to generate digital elevation model (DEM). Two techniques exploiting this characteristic have been introduced: stereo SAR and interferometric SAR. They permit to recover the third dimension (topography) and, at the same time, to identify the absolute position (geolocation) of pixels included in the imaged area, thus allowing the generation of DEMs. In this paper, StereoSAR and InSAR combined adjustment model are constructed, and unify DEM extraction from InSAR and StereoSAR into the same coordinate system, and then improve three dimensional positioning accuracy of the target. We assume that there are four images 1, 2, 3 and 4. One pair of SAR images 1,2 meet the required conditions for InSAR technology, while the other pair of SAR images 3,4 can form stereo image pairs. The phase model is based on InSAR rigorous imaging geometric model. The master image 1 and the slave image 2 will be used in InSAR processing, but the slave image 2 is only used in the course of establishment, and the pixels of the slave image 2 are relevant to the corresponding pixels of the master image 1 through image coregistration coefficient, and it calculates the corresponding phase. It doesn't require the slave image in the construction of the phase model. In Range-Doppler (RD) model, the range equation and Doppler equation are a function of target geolocation, while in the phase equation, the phase is also a function of target geolocation. We exploit combined adjustment model to deviation of target geolocation, thus the problem of target solution is changed to solve three unkonwns through seven equations. The model was tested for DEM extraction under spaceborne InSAR and StereoSAR data and compared with InSAR and StereoSAR methods respectively. The results showed that the model delivered a better performance on experimental imagery and can be used for DEM extraction applications.

2015 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar DEM: Avalon (NJ)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These Digital Elevation Model (DEM) files contain rasterized topobathy lidar elevations at a 1 m grid size, generated from data collected by the Coastal Zone Mapping...

2013 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar DEM: Niihau (HI)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These Digital Elevation Model (DEM) files contain rasterized topobathy lidar elevations at a 1 m grid size, generated from data collected by the Coastal Zone Mapping...

Granular dynamics, contact mechanics and particle system simulations a DEM study

CERN Document Server

Thornton, Colin

2015-01-01

This book is devoted to the Discrete Element Method (DEM) technique, a discontinuum modelling approach that takes into account the fact that granular materials are composed of discrete particles which interact with each other at the microscale level. This numerical simulation technique can be used both for dispersed systems in which the particle-particle interactions are collisional and compact systems of particles with multiple enduring contacts. The book provides an extensive and detailed explanation of the theoretical background of DEM. Contact mechanics theories for elastic, elastic-plastic, adhesive elastic and adhesive elastic-plastic particle-particle interactions are presented. Other contact force models are also discussed, including corrections to some of these models as described in the literature, and important areas of further research are identified. A key issue in DEM simulations is whether or not a code can reliably simulate the simplest of systems, namely the single particle oblique impact wit...

DemQSAR: predicting human volume of distribution and clearance of drugs.

Science.gov (United States)

Demir-Kavuk, Ozgur; Bentzien, Jörg; Muegge, Ingo; Knapp, Ernst-Walter

2011-12-01

In silico methods characterizing molecular compounds with respect to pharmacologically relevant properties can accelerate the identification of new drugs and reduce their development costs. Quantitative structure-activity/-property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) correlate structure and physico-chemical properties of molecular compounds with a specific functional activity/property under study. Typically a large number of molecular features are generated for the compounds. In many cases the number of generated features exceeds the number of molecular compounds with known property values that are available for learning. Machine learning methods tend to overfit the training data in such situations, i.e. the method adjusts to very specific features of the training data, which are not characteristic for the considered property. This problem can be alleviated by diminishing the influence of unimportant, redundant or even misleading features. A better strategy is to eliminate such features completely. Ideally, a molecular property can be described by a small number of features that are chemically interpretable. The purpose of the present contribution is to provide a predictive modeling approach, which combines feature generation, feature selection, model building and control of overtraining into a single application called DemQSAR. DemQSAR is used to predict human volume of distribution (VD(ss)) and human clearance (CL). To control overtraining, quadratic and linear regularization terms were employed. A recursive feature selection approach is used to reduce the number of descriptors. The prediction performance is as good as the best predictions reported in the recent literature. The example presented here demonstrates that DemQSAR can generate a model that uses very few features while maintaining high predictive power. A standalone DemQSAR Java application for model building of any user defined property as well as a web interface for the prediction of human VD(ss) and CL is

On the COSMO-SkyMed Exploitation for Interferometric DEM Generation

Science.gov (United States)

Teresa, C. M.; Raffaele, N.; Oscar, N. D.; Fabio, B.

2011-12-01

DEM products for Earth observation space-borne applications are being to play a role of increasing importance due to the new generation of high resolution sensors (both optical and SAR). These new sensors demand elevation data for processing and, on the other hand, they provide new possibilities for DEM generation. Till now, for what concerns interferometric DEM, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) has been the reference product for scientific applications all over the world. SRTM mission [1] had the challenging goal to meet the requirements for a homogeneous and reliable DEM fulfilling the DTED-2 specifications. However, new generation of high resolution sensors (including SAR) pose new requirements for elevation data in terms of vertical precision and spatial resolution. DEM are usually used as ancillary input in different processing steps as for instance geocoding and Differential SAR Interferometry. In this context, the recent SAR missions of DLR (TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X) and ASI (COSMO-SkyMed) can play a promising role thanks to their high resolution both in space and time. In particular, the present work investigates the potentialities of the COSMO/SkyMed (CSK) constellation for ground elevation measurement with particular attention devoted to the impact of the improved spatial resolution wrt the previous SAR sensors. The recent scientific works, [2] and [3], have shown the advantages of using CSK in the monitoring of terrain deformations caused by landslides, earthquakes, etc. On the other hand, thanks to the high spatial resolution, CSK appears to be very promising in monitoring man-made structures, such as buildings, bridges, railways and highways, thus enabling new potential applications (urban applications, precise DEM, etc.). We present results obtained by processing both SPOTLIGHT and STRIPMAP acquisitions through standard SAR Interferometry as well as multi-pass interferometry [4] with the aim of measuring ground elevation. Acknowledgments

TecDEM: A MATLAB Based Toolbox for understanding Tectonics from Digital Elevation Models

Science.gov (United States)

Shahzad, F.; Mahmood, S. A.; Gloaguen, R.

2009-04-01

TecDEM is a MATLAB based tool box for understanding the tectonics from digital elevation models (DEMs) of any area. These DEMs can be derived from data of any spatial resolution (Low, medium and High). In the first step we extract drainage network from the DEMs using flow grid approach. Drainage network is a group of streams having elevation and catchment area information as a function of spatial locations. We implement an array of stream structure to study this drainage network. Knickpoints can be identified on each stream of the drainage network by a graphical user interface and are helpful for understanding stream morphology. Stream profile analysis in steady state condition is applied on all streams to calculate geomorphic parameters and regional uplift rates. Hack index is calculated for all the profiles at a certain interval and over the change of knickpoints. Reports menu of this tool box generates detailed statistics report, complete tabulated report, graphical output of each analyzed stream profile and Hack index profile. All the calculated values are part of stream structure and is saved as .mat file for later use with this tool box. The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters, uplift rates and knickpoints are exported as a shape files for visualization in professional GIS software. We test this tool box on DEMs from different tectonic settings worldwide and received verifiable results with other studies.

Optimal matching of energy supply and demand; Optimale Anpassung der Energiebereitstellung an den Bedarf

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumgarth, S. [Competence Center for Building Networks in Wolfenbuettel (Germany); Boggasch, E.; Heiser, M.; Schernus, G.P. [Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbuettel (Germany)

2004-06-01

New strategies are presented for matching heat supply and demand on the basis of a bus technology. Investment costs are at a minimum as the automation stations are activated by introducing new programs. (orig.) [German] Seit einiger Zeit wird ueber verschiedene Regelungsstrategien versucht, die Energiebereitstellung so an den Bedarf (Verbraucher) anzupassen, dass die Waermeverluste beim Transport auf den Zuleitungen sowie in der Energiezentrale minimiert werden. Fuer mehrere Anwendungen aus dem Bereich der Heizungs-, Lueftungs- und Klimatechnik sollen hier neue Strategien vorgestellt werden, die erst mit dem Einsatz der Bus-Technologien in der Gebaeudeautomation moeglich sind. Fuer die Betrachtungen ist es auch von Wichtigkeit, dass zu deren Umsetzung moeglichst keine zusaetzlichen Investitionskosten erforderlich sind, sondern dass die in den Automationsstationen durch Einfuegen neuer Programme zu aktivieren sind. (orig.)

Energy management from the concept to the success; Energiemanagement - vom Konzept bis zum Erfolg

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baenninger, M. [Schweizerische Bankgesellschaft, Zurich (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 20 of the anthology about building control the field of energy management is described. The following aspects are discussed: overview and procedure, model and communication, pilot projects, current energy control by building automation, energy levying and characteristic numbers. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 20 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Themenbereich des Energiemanagements gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf folgende Themen eingegangen: Ueberblick und Vorgehen; Leitbild und Kommunikation; Pilotprojekte; laufende Energiekontrolle via Gebaeudeautomation; Energieerhebung und Kennzahlen. (BWI)

Joint use of multi-orbit high-resolution SAR interferometry for DEM generation in mountainous area

KAUST Repository

Zhang, Lu; Jiang, Houjun; Liao, Mingsheng; Balz, Timo; Wang, Teng

2014-01-01

SAR interferometry has long been regarded as an effective tool for wide-area topographic mapping in hilly and mountainous areas. However, quality of InSAR DEM product is usually affected by atmospheric disturbances and decorrelation-induced voids, especially for data acquired in repeat-pass mode. In this paper, we proposed an approach for improved topographic mapping by optimal fusion of multi-orbit InSAR DEMs with correction of atmospheric phase screen (APS). An experimental study with highresolution TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed datasets covering a mountainous area was carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Validation with a reference DEM of scale 1:50,000 indicated that vertical accuracy of the fused DEM can be better than 5 m.

Joint use of multi-orbit high-resolution SAR interferometry for DEM generation in mountainous area

KAUST Repository

Zhang, Lu

2014-07-01

SAR interferometry has long been regarded as an effective tool for wide-area topographic mapping in hilly and mountainous areas. However, quality of InSAR DEM product is usually affected by atmospheric disturbances and decorrelation-induced voids, especially for data acquired in repeat-pass mode. In this paper, we proposed an approach for improved topographic mapping by optimal fusion of multi-orbit InSAR DEMs with correction of atmospheric phase screen (APS). An experimental study with highresolution TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed datasets covering a mountainous area was carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Validation with a reference DEM of scale 1:50,000 indicated that vertical accuracy of the fused DEM can be better than 5 m.

Morphological studies at subchondral bone structures in human early arthrosis. Final report; Morphologische Studien an subchondralen Knochenstrukturen bei humanen Frueharthrosen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-12-31

Quantitative histomorphometric studies using an image analysis system were performed simultaneously on hyaline cartilage, calcified cartilage and subchondral cancellous bone of human tibial heads for detailed information about the pathogenesis of arthrosis. Joint structures need to be fully detected in three dimensions since measurement values are more affected by topographical aspects than by either age, or sex, or arthrosin stage. Mechanical factors were found to affect essentially the initiation and progression of arthrosis. Results are demonstrated in detail. (orig.) [Deutsch] Um detaillierte Aussagen ueber die Pathogenese der Arthrose machen zu koennen, wurden hyaliner Knorpel, Kalkknorpel und subchondrale Spongiosa menschlicher Tibiakoepfe gleichzeitig mit Hilfe eines Bildanalysesystems quantitativ histomorphometrisch untersucht. Eine umfangreiche dreidimensionale Erfassung der Gelenkstrukturen ist erforderlich, da sich topographische Aspekte wesentlich staerker auf die Messwerte auswirken als Alter, Geschlecht oder Arthrosestadium. Insgesamt zeigt sich ein wesentlicher Einfluss mechanischer Faktoren auf die Arthroseinitiierung und -progredienz. Die Ergebnisse werden detailliert dargestellt. (orig.)

Demência na doença de Parkinson Dementia in Parkinsn's disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Caixeta

2008-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A presença de síndromes psiquiátricas, incluindo demência, associada a distúrbios motores tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida durante a última década, com destaque para o prejuízo cognitivo na doença de Parkinson idiopática. Esta revisão enfocará a epidemiologia, os aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos diferenciais, mecanismos subjacentes e o tratamento da demência na doença de Parkinson idiopática. MÉTODO: Uma revisão da literatura dos estudos que investigaram a demência da doença de Parkinson idiopática foi realizada. RESULTADOS: A demência é altamente prevalente na doença de Parkinson idiopática. O protótipo da demência na doença de Parkinson idiopática consiste numa síndrome disexecutiva com comprometimento da atenção, funções executivas e, secundariamente, a memória. Neuroquimicamente, o déficit mais significativo parece ser colinérgico; a demência se correlaciona com a presença de corpos de Lewy corticais e límbicos. Evidências preliminares sugerem que os anticolinesterásicos podem ser efetivos na demência da doença de Parkinson idiopática. CONCLUSÕES: O prejuízo cognitivo na doença de Parkinson idiopática é associado a características próprias e é responsável por importante incapacidade nestes pacientes.OBJECTIVE: The concomitant presence of psychiatric syndromes, including dementia, with motor disturbance has been increasingly recognized during the last decade, with emphasis on cognitive impairment in idiopatic Parkinson's disease. This review will focus on the epidemiology, clinical aspects, differential diagnosis, underlying mechanisms and treatment of dementia in Parkinson's disease. METHOD: A literature review of the studies that investigated the dementia in Parkinson's disease was performed. RESULTS: Dementia is highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease. The prototype of dementia in Parkinson's disease is a dysexecutive syndrome with impaired attention, executive functions and

DEM analysis of FOXSI-2 microflare using AIA observations

Science.gov (United States)

Athiray Panchapakesan, Subramania; Glesener, Lindsay; Vievering, Juliana; Camilo Buitrago-Casas, Juan; Christe, Steven; Inglis, Andrew; Krucker, Sam; Musset, Sophie

2017-08-01

The second flight of Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) sounding rocket experiment was successfully completed on 11 December 2014. FOXSI makes direct imaging and spectral observation of the Sun in hard X-rays using grazing incidence optics modules which focus X-rays onto seven focal plane detectors kept at a 2m distance, in the energy range 4 to 20 keV, to study particle acceleration and coronal heating. Significant HXR emissions were observed by FOXSI during microflare events with A0.5 and A2.5 class, as classified by GOES, that occurred during FOXSI-2 flight.Spectral analysis of FOXSI data for these events indicate presence of plasma at higher temperatures (>10MK). We attempt to study the plasma content in the corona at different temperatures, characterized by the differential emission measure (DEM), over the FOXSI-2 observed flare regions using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) data. We utilize AIA observations in different EUV filters that are sensitive to ionized iron lines, to determine the DEM by using a regularized inversion method. This poster will show the properties of hot plasma as derived from FOXSI-2 HXR spectra with supporting DEM analysis using AIA observations.

An Overview of the CapDEM Integrated Engineering Environment

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Lam, Sylvia; Poursina, Shiva; Spafford, Tim

2005-01-01

In order to gain a better understanding of the approach and the technology requirements to support collaborative engineering activities, the Collaborative Capability Definition, Engineering and Management (CapDEM...

DEM investigation of weathered rocks using a novel bond contact model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhenming Shi

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The distinct element method (DEM incorporated with a novel bond contact model was applied in this paper to shed light on the microscopic physical origin of macroscopic behaviors of weathered rock, and to achieve the changing laws of microscopic parameters from observed decaying properties of rocks during weathering. The changing laws of macroscopic mechanical properties of typical rocks were summarized based on the existing research achievements. Parametric simulations were then conducted to analyze the relationships between macroscopic and microscopic parameters, and to derive the changing laws of microscopic parameters for the DEM model. Equipped with the microscopic weathering laws, a series of DEM simulations of basic laboratory tests on weathered rock samples was performed in comparison with analytical solutions. The results reveal that the relationships between macroscopic and microscopic parameters of rocks against the weathering period can be successfully attained by parametric simulations. In addition, weathering has a significant impact on both stress–strain relationship and failure pattern of rocks.

A Novel DEM Approach to Simulate Block Propagation on Forested Slopes

Science.gov (United States)

Toe, David; Bourrier, Franck; Dorren, Luuk; Berger, Frédéric

2018-03-01

In order to model rockfall on forested slopes, we developed a trajectory rockfall model based on the discrete element method (DEM). This model is able to take the complex mechanical processes at work during an impact into account (large deformations, complex contact conditions) and can explicitly simulate block/soil, block/tree contacts as well as contacts between neighbouring trees. In this paper, we describe the DEM model developed and we use it to assess the protective effect of different types of forest. In addition, we compared it with a more classical rockfall simulation model. The results highlight that forests can significantly reduce rockfall hazard and that the spatial structure of coppice forests has to be taken into account in rockfall simulations in order to avoid overestimating the protective role of these forest structures against rockfall hazard. In addition, the protective role of the forests is mainly influenced by the basal area. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the DEM model were compared with classical rockfall modelling approaches.

Background information and first results on eco-audits in the water management and disposal sector; Hintergruende und Erfahrungen zur Oekoauditierung im Wasser- und Entsorgungsbereich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keune, H.

1996-07-01

In spite of the large number of publications on eco-auditing, there are still details that are not generally known and may come as a surprise. The author presents various aspects of auditing, e.g. the indirect effects of customers`s wishes and competitors on the incentives given by new legal regulations, on the obstacles to eco-auditing posed by European and German legislation, and the fears of auditing. (orig.) [Deutsch] Trotz einer kaum noch ueberschaubaren Zahl von Veroeffentlichungen zum Oeko-Audit gibt es immer noch Details, die nicht allgemein bekannt sind und die zuweilen sogar noch ueberraschen koennen. Der Autor geht auf verschiedene Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Auditierung ein: Auf den `indirekten Zwang`, der von Kunden und der Konkurrenz ausgeuebt wird, auf die Anreize durch neue gesetzliche Regelungen, auf die Huerden der Auditierung aufgrund der EU-Verordnung und des deutschen Umweltaudit-Gesetzes zusammen mit dem Verwaltungs- und Strafrecht, dem Umweltinformationsrecht und dem Recht ueber den unlauteren Wettbewerb sowie auf die Angst vor der Auditierung. (orig.)

A coupled DEM-CFD method for impulse wave modelling

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Tao; Utili, Stefano; Crosta, GiovanBattista

2015-04-01

Rockslides can be characterized by a rapid evolution, up to a possible transition into a rock avalanche, which can be associated with an almost instantaneous collapse and spreading. Different examples are available in the literature, but the Vajont rockslide is quite unique for its morphological and geological characteristics, as well as for the type of evolution and the availability of long term monitoring data. This study advocates the use of a DEM-CFD framework for the modelling of the generation of hydrodynamic waves due to the impact of a rapid moving rockslide or rock-debris avalanche. 3D DEM analyses in plane strain by a coupled DEM-CFD code were performed to simulate the rockslide from its onset to the impact with still water and the subsequent wave generation (Zhao et al., 2014). The physical response predicted is in broad agreement with the available observations. The numerical results are compared to those published in the literature and especially to Crosta et al. (2014). According to our results, the maximum computed run up amounts to ca. 120 m and 170 m for the eastern and western lobe cross sections, respectively. These values are reasonably similar to those recorded during the event (i.e. ca. 130 m and 190 m respectively). In these simulations, the slope mass is considered permeable, such that the toe region of the slope can move submerged in the reservoir and the impulse water wave can also flow back into the slope mass. However, the upscaling of the grains size in the DEM model leads to an unrealistically high hydraulic conductivity of the model, such that only a small amount of water is splashed onto the northern bank of the Vajont valley. The use of high fluid viscosity and coarse grain model has shown the possibility to model more realistically both the slope and wave motions. However, more detailed slope and fluid properties, and the need for computational efficiency should be considered in future research work. This aspect has also been

Rehkitzrettung mit dem Fliegenden Wildretter: Erfahrungen der ersten Feldeinsätze

OpenAIRE

Wimmer, Tilman; Israel, Martin; Haschberger, Peter; Weimann, Anita

2013-01-01

Der Fliegende Wildretter des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt ist als prototypische Kleinserie seit dem Jahr 2010 erfolgreich in Deutsch-land und Österreich im Einsatz, um aus der Luft Wildtiere während der Wiesenmahd aufzuspüren, und diese so vor dem Tod durch das Mähwerk zu retten. Der Prototyp basiert auf einem ferngesteuerten Multikopter, der mit mehreren Kameras ausgestattet ist und damit im Flug zuverlässiger und wesentlich schneller Wildtiere er-kennen kann, als dies mit b...

Einfluss hochfrequenter Felder des Mobilfunks auf das blutbildende System in vitro

OpenAIRE

Gläser, Katharina

2017-01-01

Elektromagnetische Felder (EMF) sind in der Umwelt des Menschen allgegenwärtig. Unter Verwendung unterschiedlicher Frequenzen bilden sie die Grundlage zahlreicher Technologien und begegnen uns im Alltag in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen. Eine sehr wichtige Anwendung von EMF ist die mobile Kommunikation. Die hierfür verwendeten Frequenzen liegen im hochfrequenten Bereich und variieren mit dem Mobilfunkstandard. Weit verbreitet ist die GSM- und UMTS-Modulation der zweiten (2G) und dritten Gener...

Sensitivity of Particle Size in Discrete Element Method to Particle Gas Method (DEM_PGM) Coupling in Underbody Blast Simulations

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-12

Particle Size in Discrete Element Method to Particle Gas Method (DEM_PGM) Coupling in Underbody Blast Simulations Venkatesh Babu, Kumar Kulkarni, Sanjay...buried in soil viz., (1) coupled discrete element & particle gas methods (DEM-PGM) and (2) Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE), are investigated. The...DEM_PGM and identify the limitations/strengths compared to the ALE method. Discrete Element Method (DEM) can model individual particle directly, and

Der Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf die Organisation eines Unternehmens

Science.gov (United States)

Walter, Wolfram M.

Die Digitalisierung schreitet mit großen Schritten voran. Dies wirkt sich nicht nur auf die Gesellschaft im Grundsatz, sondern auch auf das Verhalten der Kunden aus. Neue Kommunikationswege beschleunigen die Interaktion zwischen Unternehmen und Verbraucher. Im Vergleich mit großen Internetfirmen werden etablierte Dienstleistungsunternehmen - vom Energieversorger bis zu Versicherungen - stark unter Druck gesetzt, sich noch intensiver mit dem Kundenservice auseinanderzusetzen. Dies wird nur möglich sein, wenn sich die Organisationen entsprechend positionieren und sich frühzeitig auf die Veränderungen einstellen. Hieraus ergeben sich mehr Chancen als Risiken, zumal es nicht nur neue Prozesse, sondern auch neue Berufsbilder geben wird.

VT USGS NED Hydro-flattened DEM (30 meter) - statewide

Data.gov (United States)

Vermont Center for Geographic Information — (Link to Metadata) VTHYDRODEM was created to produce a "hydrologically correct" DEM, compliant with the Vermont Hydrography Dataset (VHD) in support of the "flow...

DEM GPU studies of industrial scale particle simulations for granular flow civil engineering applications

Science.gov (United States)

Pizette, Patrick; Govender, Nicolin; Wilke, Daniel N.; Abriak, Nor-Edine

2017-06-01

The use of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for industrial civil engineering industrial applications is currently limited due to the computational demands when large numbers of particles are considered. The graphics processing unit (GPU) with its highly parallelized hardware architecture shows potential to enable solution of civil engineering problems using discrete granular approaches. We demonstrate in this study the pratical utility of a validated GPU-enabled DEM modeling environment to simulate industrial scale granular problems. As illustration, the flow discharge of storage silos using 8 and 17 million particles is considered. DEM simulations have been performed to investigate the influence of particle size (equivalent size for the 20/40-mesh gravel) and induced shear stress for two hopper shapes. The preliminary results indicate that the shape of the hopper significantly influences the discharge rates for the same material. Specifically, this work shows that GPU-enabled DEM modeling environments can model industrial scale problems on a single portable computer within a day for 30 seconds of process time.

Particle Reduction Strategies - PAREST. Influence of the boundary conditions from the global chemistry transport model TM5 on the regional aerosol chemistry transport model REM CALGRID; Strategien zur Verminderung der Feinstaubbelastung - PAREST. Einfluss der Randbedingungen aus dem globalen Chemie-Transport-Modell TM5 auf das regionale Aerosol-Chemie-Transport-Modell REM-CALGRID. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kerschbaumer, Andreas; Hannig, Katrin [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Meteorologie, Troposphaerische Umweltforschung

2013-06-15

In this report the coupling of a global model is presented with a continental model. It examines how far the forecasts of regional air quality in Europe are affected by the choice of boundary conditions. The focus of this report is to analyze the influence of different boundary conditions on the calculated soil concentrations of ozone and PM10. A model evaluation, however, was not the aim of this study. [German] In diesem Bericht wird die Koppelung eines Globalmodells mit einem kontinentalen Modell vorgestellt. Es wird untersucht, wie weit die Prognosen der regionalen Luftqualitaet in Europa von der Wahl der Randbedingungen beeinflusst werden. Der Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Berichts liegt in der Analyse des Einflusses der verschiedenen Randbedingungen auf die berechneten Bodenkonzentrationen von Ozon und PM10. Eine Modellevaluierung hingegen war nicht Ziel dieser Studie.

Simulation of TanDEM-X interferograms for urban change detection

Science.gov (United States)

Welte, Amelie; Hammer, Horst; Thiele, Antje; Hinz, Stefan

2017-10-01

Damage detection after natural disasters is one of the remote sensing tasks in which Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors play an important role. Since SAR is an active sensor, it can record images at all times of day and in all weather conditions, making it ideally suited for this task. While with the newer generation of SAR satellites such as TerraSAR-X or COSMOSkyMed amplitude change detection has become possible even for urban areas, interferometric phase change detection has not been published widely. This is mainly because of the long revisit times of common SAR sensors leading to temporal decorrelation. This situation has changed dramatically with the advent of the TanDEM-X constellation, which can create single-pass interferograms from space at very high resolutions, avoiding temporal decorrelation almost completely. In this paper the basic structures that are present for any building in InSAR phases, i.e. layover, shadow, and roof areas, are examined. Approaches for their extraction from TanDEM-X interferograms are developed using simulated SAR interferograms. The extracted features of the building signature will in the future be used for urban change detection in real TanDEM-X High Resolution Spotlight interferograms.

Landform classification using a sub-pixel spatial attraction model to increase spatial resolution of digital elevation model (DEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marzieh Mokarrama

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the present study is preparing a landform classification by using digital elevation model (DEM which has a high spatial resolution. To reach the mentioned aim, a sub-pixel spatial attraction model was used as a novel method for preparing DEM with a high spatial resolution in the north of Darab, Fars province, Iran. The sub-pixel attraction models convert the pixel into sub-pixels based on the neighboring pixels fraction values, which can only be attracted by a central pixel. Based on this approach, a mere maximum of eight neighboring pixels can be selected for calculating of the attraction value. In the mentioned model, other pixels are supposed to be far from the central pixel to receive any attraction. In the present study by using a sub-pixel attraction model, the spatial resolution of a DEM was increased. The design of the algorithm is accomplished by using a DEM with a spatial resolution of 30 m (the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer; (ASTER and a 90 m (the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; (SRTM. In the attraction model, scale factors of (S = 2, S = 3, and S = 4 with two neighboring methods of touching (T = 1 and quadrant (T = 2 are applied to the DEMs by using MATLAB software. The algorithm is evaluated by taking the best advantages of 487 sample points, which are measured by surveyors. The spatial attraction model with scale factor of (S = 2 gives better results compared to those scale factors which are greater than 2. Besides, the touching neighborhood method is turned to be more accurate than the quadrant method. In fact, dividing each pixel into more than two sub-pixels decreases the accuracy of the resulted DEM. On the other hand, in these cases DEM, is itself in charge of increasing the value of root-mean-square error (RMSE and shows that attraction models could not be used for S which is greater than 2. Thus considering results, the proposed model is highly capable of

Grain sedimentation with SPH-DEM and its validation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Robinson, M.J.; Luding, Stefan; Ramaioli, Marco; Yu, A; Dong, K; Yang, R; Luding, S

2013-01-01

Our mesoscale simulation method [M. Robinson, S. Luding, and M. Ramaioli, submitted (2013)] for multiphase fluid-particle flows couples Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and enjoys the flexibility of meshless methods, such as being capable to handling free

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Scazufca

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Na medida em que a população mundial está envelhecendo, a demência está se constituindo em importante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Investigações epidemiológicas nestes países são escassas e apresentam dificuldades metodológicas adicionais, principalmente no que se refere à adequação sociocultural dos instrumentos utilizados para a definição de casos. Tendo em vista estas preocupações, foi fundado o "Grupo de Pesquisa em Demência 10/66", que é constituído por uma rede internacional de pesquisadores, predominantemente de países em desenvolvimento. O nome do grupo tem como referência o paradoxo de que menos de 10% dos estudos populacionais sobre demência são dirigidos aos 2/3 ou mais de casos de pessoas com demência que vivem em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é atualizar informações da literatura sobre as diferenças de prevalência e incidência de demência encontradas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento.

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Scazufca M

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Na medida em que a população mundial está envelhecendo, a demência está se constituindo em importante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Investigações epidemiológicas nestes países são escassas e apresentam dificuldades metodológicas adicionais, principalmente no que se refere à adequação sociocultural dos instrumentos utilizados para a definição de casos. Tendo em vista estas preocupações, foi fundado o "Grupo de Pesquisa em Demência 10/66", que é constituído por uma rede internacional de pesquisadores, predominantemente de países em desenvolvimento. O nome do grupo tem como referência o paradoxo de que menos de 10% dos estudos populacionais sobre demência são dirigidos aos 2/3 ou mais de casos de pessoas com demência que vivem em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é atualizar informações da literatura sobre as diferenças de prevalência e incidência de demência encontradas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento.

Automatic relative RPC image model bias compensation through hierarchical image matching for improving DEM quality

Science.gov (United States)

Noh, Myoung-Jong; Howat, Ian M.

2018-02-01

The quality and efficiency of automated Digital Elevation Model (DEM) extraction from stereoscopic satellite imagery is critically dependent on the accuracy of the sensor model used for co-locating pixels between stereo-pair images. In the absence of ground control or manual tie point selection, errors in the sensor models must be compensated with increased matching search-spaces, increasing both the computation time and the likelihood of spurious matches. Here we present an algorithm for automatically determining and compensating the relative bias in Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) between stereo-pairs utilizing hierarchical, sub-pixel image matching in object space. We demonstrate the algorithm using a suite of image stereo-pairs from multiple satellites over a range stereo-photogrammetrically challenging polar terrains. Besides providing a validation of the effectiveness of the algorithm for improving DEM quality, experiments with prescribed sensor model errors yield insight into the dependence of DEM characteristics and quality on relative sensor model bias. This algorithm is included in the Surface Extraction through TIN-based Search-space Minimization (SETSM) DEM extraction software package, which is the primary software used for the U.S. National Science Foundation ArcticDEM and Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) products.

Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) of Triboelectrically Charged Particles: Revised Experiments

Science.gov (United States)

Hogue, Michael D.; Calle, Carlos I.; Curry, D. R.; Weitzman, P. S.

2008-01-01

In a previous work, the addition of basic screened Coulombic electrostatic forces to an existing commercial discrete element modeling (DEM) software was reported. Triboelectric experiments were performed to charge glass spheres rolling on inclined planes of various materials. Charge generation constants and the Q/m ratios for the test materials were calculated from the experimental data and compared to the simulation output of the DEM software. In this paper, we will discuss new values of the charge generation constants calculated from improved experimental procedures and data. Also, planned work to include dielectrophoretic, Van der Waals forces, and advanced mechanical forces into the software will be discussed.

2016 NOAA Topobathy Lidar DEM: Upper Lake Michigan Islands

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This digital elevation model (DEM) was created from data collected by Leading Edge Geomatics using a Leica Chiroptera II Bathymetric & Topographic Sensor. The...

Tropical-forest biomass estimation at X-Band from the spaceborne TanDEM-X interferometer

Science.gov (United States)

R. Treuhaft; F. Goncalves; J.R. dos Santos; M. Keller; M. Palace; S.N. Madsen; F. Sullivan; P.M.L.A. Graca

2014-01-01

This letter reports the sensitivity of X-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the first dual-spacecraft radar interferometer, TanDEM-X, to variations in tropical-forest aboveground biomass (AGB). It also reports the first tropical-forest AGB estimates fromTanDEM-X data. Tropical forests account for...

Design criteria for crankshafts - axial slide bearing in Otto and diesel engines by means of computer-based simulations and experimental investigations. Axial slide bearing design - final report; Auslegungskriterien fuer Kurbelwellen - Axialgleitlager in Otto- und Dieselmotoren durch rechnergestuetzte Simulation und experimentelle Untersuchungen. Axialgleitlagerauslegung - Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Backhaus, K. [Univ. GH Kassel (Germany). Inst. fuer Maschinenelemente und Konstruktionstechnik; Hunsicker, W. [Fachhochschule Mannheim (Germany). Inst. fuer Tribologie; Schubert, W. [KS Gleitlager GmbH, St. Leon-Rot (Germany)

2003-07-01

In the frame of this research project a simulation program has been developed in order to investigate suspension pressure build-up in crankshaft axial bearings taking into account mixed friction conditions. The investigated system is performing in a dynamic way taking into account the engine dynamics. Based upon the high engineering state of radial slide bearings, axial bearings as well as conical slide faces with any conical angle can be simulated in the same way. The solid body contact share in the system to be investigated is taken into account by the integral effect of the real microscopic surface structure on microhydrodynamics and contact pressure build-up. The influence of individual parameters, as e.g. macro-geometric bearing surface design can be investigated by means of simulation results. Wavy stopping faces and bearing surfaces with Rayleigh-steps are characterised by high hydrodynamic supporting pressure magnitudes in terms of macrogeometry. Elasto-hydrodynamic investigations at one stop collar and under engine-specific load on stop disks of a base bearing show the influence of structure elasticity and prove the necessity to consider them when the individual systems are analysed. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen des durchgefuehrten Forschungsvorhabens wurde ein Simulationsprogramm zur Untersuchung des Tragdruckaufbaus in Kurbelwellen-Axiallagern unter Beruecksichtigung von Mischreibungszustaenden entwickelt. Das untersuchte System verhaelt sich dabei unter Beruecksichtigung der Motordynamik dynamisch. Ausgehend von dem hohen Entwicklungsstand von Radialgleitlagern koennen Axiallager sowie kegelfoermige Gleitflaechen mit beliebigen Kegelwinkeln in gleicher Weise simuliert werden. Dem hohen Festkoerperkontaktanteil in dem zu untersuchenden System wird durch die Beruecksichtigung der integralen Wirkung der realen mikroskopischen Oberflaechenstruktur auf Mikrohydrodynamik und Kontaktdruckaufbau Rechnung getragen. Anhand von Simulationsergebnissen kann der

Use of DEMs Derived from TLS and HRSI Data for Landslide Feature Recognition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurizio Barbarella

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the problems arising from the use of data acquired with two different remote sensing techniques—high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS—for the extraction of digital elevation models (DEMs used in the geomorphological analysis and recognition of landslides, taking into account the uncertainties associated with DEM production. In order to obtain a georeferenced and edited point cloud, the two data sets require quite different processes, which are more complex for satellite images than for TLS data. The differences between the two processes are highlighted. The point clouds are interpolated on a DEM with a 1 m grid size using kriging. Starting from these DEMs, a number of contour, slope, and aspect maps are extracted, together with their associated uncertainty maps. Comparative analysis of selected landslide features drawn from the two data sources allows recognition and classification of hierarchical and multiscale landslide components. Taking into account the uncertainty related to the map enables areas to be located for which one data source was able to give more reliable results than another. Our case study is located in Southern Italy, in an area known for active landslides.

2015 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar DEM: Egmont Key (FL)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These 1 m gridded bare earth Digital Elevation Model (DEM) files contain rasterized topobathy lidar elevations generated from data collected by the Coastal Zone...

Solar cooling - implementation of intelligent concepts; Solare Kuehlung - intelligente Konzepte werden Realitaet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Puettmer, M. [Goetz GmbH, Metall- und Anlagenbau, Fellbach (Germany); Kranz, H.R. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 11 of the anthology about building control the subject solar cooling is described. The following aspects are discussed: changed preconditions for thermal building concepts, building facades and energy supply - one unit. Can cold be economically generated by solar energy? (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 11 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der solaren Kuehlung gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themenkreise angesprochen: Geaenderte Voraussetzungen fuer thermische Gebaeudekonzepte; Gebaeudefassade und Energieversorgung: eine Einheit; Kann Kaelte mit der Sonne wirtschaftlich erzeugt werden? (BWI)

The step from the project control to long-distance control; Von der Projekt- zur Fernkontrolle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaelin, W. [Ingenieurbuero Werner Kaelin, Schwyz (Switzerland)

1995-12-31

In chapter 8 of the anthology about building control the extension from project control to long-distance control is described. The following aspects are discussed: guidelines (operating concept, task anthology), project (implementation, control, documentation), realisation (initiation, example), operation (regional co-operation, characteristic numbers). (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 8 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Ausbau von der Projekt- zur Fernkontrolle gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themen angesprochen: Vorgaben (Betriebskonzept, Pflichtenheft), Projekt (Umsetzung, Kontrolle, Dokumentation), Ausfuehrung (Inbetriebsetzung, Beispiel); Betrieb (regionaler Zusammenschluss, Kennzahlen). (BWI)

High-accuracy single-pass InSAR DEM for large-scale flood hazard applications

Science.gov (United States)

Schumann, G.; Faherty, D.; Moller, D.

2017-12-01

In this study, we used a unique opportunity of the GLISTIN-A (NASA airborne mission designed to characterizing the cryosphere) track to Greenland to acquire a high-resolution InSAR DEM of a large area in the Red River of the North Basin (north of Grand Forks, ND, USA), which is a very flood-vulnerable valley, particularly in spring time due to increased soil moisture content near state of saturation and/or, typical for this region, snowmelt. Having an InSAR DEM that meets flood inundation modeling and mapping requirements comparable to LiDAR, would demonstrate great application potential of new radar technology for national agencies with an operational flood forecasting mandate and also local state governments active in flood event prediction, disaster response and mitigation. Specifically, we derived a bare-earth DEM in SAR geometry by first removing the inherent far range bias related to airborne operation, which at the more typical large-scale DEM resolution of 30 m has a sensor accuracy of plus or minus 2.5 cm. Subsequently, an intelligent classifier based on informed relationships between InSAR height, intensity and correlation was used to distinguish between bare-earth, roads or embankments, buildings and tall vegetation in order to facilitate the creation of a bare-earth DEM that would meet the requirements for accurate floodplain inundation mapping. Using state-of-the-art LiDAR terrain data, we demonstrate that capability by achieving a root mean squared error of approximately 25 cm and further illustrating its applicability to flood modeling.

2016 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar DEM: Gulf Coast (TX)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These bare earth Digital Elevation Model (DEM) files contain rasterized topobathy lidar elevations at a 1 meter grid size, generated from data collected by the...

A new DEM of the Austfonna ice cap by combining differential SAR interferometry with ICESat laser altimetry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geir Moholdt

2012-05-01

Full Text Available We present a new digital elevation model (DEM of the Austfonna ice cap in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norwegian Arctic. Previous DEMs derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR and optical shape-from-shading have been tied to airborne radio echo-sounding surface profiles from 1983 which contain an elevation-dependent bias of up to several tens of metres compared with recent elevation data. The new and freely available DEM is constructed purely from spaceborne remote sensing data using differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR in combination with ICESat laser altimetry. Interferograms were generated from pairs of SAR scenes from the one-day repeat tandem phase of the European Remote Sensing Satellites 1/2 (ERS-1/2 in 1996. ICESat elevations from winter 2006–08 were used as ground control points to refine the interferometric baseline. The resulting DEM is validated against the same ground control points and independent surface elevation profiles from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS and airborne laser altimetry, yielding root mean square (RMS errors of about 10 m in all cases. This quality is sufficient for most glaciological applications, and the new DEM will be a baseline data set for ongoing and future research at Austfonna. The technique of combining satellite DInSAR with high-resolution satellite altimetry for DEM generation might also be a good solution in other glacier regions with similar characteristics, especially when data from TanDEM-X and CryoSat-2 become available.

2015 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar DEM: Sand Island (WA)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These Digital Elevation Model (DEM) files contain rasterized topobathy lidar elevations at a 1 m grid size, generated from data collected by the Coastal Zone Mapping...

Solar-aided air conditioning through sorption. Final report. Phase 2; Solar unterstuetzte Klimatisierung ueber Sorption. Endbericht zur Phase 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laevemann, E; Kessling, W; Peltzer, M

1996-09-24

The present article reports on possibilities of using solar energy for cooling buildings. It contains the following chapters: Current state of research and development; room air conditioning; planning and results of the studies; theory; experimental studies on the sorption dehumidifier; development of exchange surfaces; development of solution distributors; cooling of exchange surfaces; construction of a sorption dehumidifier. (HW) [Deutsch] Die Arbeit berichtet ueber Moeglichkeiten der Anwendung von Solarenergie zur Kuehlung von Gebaeuden. Die Arbeit enthaelt folgende Kapitel: - Stand der Forschung und Entwicklung - Raumklimatisierung - Planung und Ergebnis der Untersuchungen - Theorie - Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Sorptionsentfeuchter - Entwicklung von Austauschflaechen - Entwicklung von Loesungsverteilern - Kuehlung von Austauschflaechen - Konstruktion eines Sorptionsentfeuchters. (HW)

Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer die Reinhaltung der Elbe - endocrineously active substances in the Elbe, its tributaries and the North Sea; Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer die Reinhaltung der Elbe - Endokrin wirksame Stoffe in der Elbe, in Nebenfluessen und in der Nordsee

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heemken, O.P. [GALAB, Geesthacht (Germany); Theobald, N. [Bundesamt fuer Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg (Germany); Hebbel, H. [Universitaet der Bundeswehr Hamburg (Germany); Stachel, B. [Wasserguetestelle Elbe, Hamburg (Germany)

2000-07-01

Endocrineously active substances are discharged into surface bodies of water with communal and industrial effluents. Especially estrogenic substances like Bisphenol A, alkyl phenols and alkyl phenol ethoxylates in the Elbe and its tributaries have been neglected so far. In the context of an interdisciplinary project, chemists, biologists and mathematicians investigated the concentrations and fate of these xenoestrogens, relative potential effects of unknown water constituents and quantitative statistical mechanisms based on the available analytical findings. The contribution intends to contribute information on the pollutant situation of selected endocrineously active substances in the Elbe and its tributaries. [German] Ein relevanter Eintragspfad fuer endokrin wirksame Stoffe in die Oberflaechengewaesser sind die Abwaesser kommunaler und industrieller Klaeranlagen. Insbesondere das Vorkommen und der Verbleib von oestrogen wirkenden Stoffen wie Bisphenol A, den Alkylphenolen und Alkylphenolethoxylaten in der Elbe und in Elbenebenfluessen wurde bisher zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. In einem interdisziplinaeren Projekt, an dem sich Chemiker, Biologen und Mathematiker beteiligten, wird versucht, eine erste Antwort zu geben ueber das Vorkommen und den Verbleib dieser Xenooestrogene, ueber relative Wirkpotenzen von unbekannten Wasserinhaltsstoffen durch die Anwendung von In-vitro-Tests und ueber quantitative statistische Zusammenhaenge, die auf vorhandenen Analysenergebnissen basieren. Dieser Bericht soll einen Beitrag leisten zur Immissionssituation von ausgewaehlten endokrin wirksamen Stoffen in der Elbe und in Elbenebenfluessen. (orig.)

New findings for the use of NMR- and computer tomography for gauging the potential of drilling fluids to cause damage to rocks; Neue Erkenntnisse bei der Anwendung von NMR- und Computertomografie-Methoden im Rahmen der Bewertung des Traegerschaedigungspotentiales von Bohrfluessigkeiten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zwaag, C. van der [Reservoir Labs. AS, Trondheim (Norway); Stallmach, F. [Univ. Leipzig (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik und Geowissenschaften; Hanssen, J.E. [MI/Anchor Drilling Fluids AS, Stavanger (Norway); Soergaard, E. [Norsk Hydro AS, Bergen (Norway); Toennesen, R. [Saga Petroleum ASA, Stavanger (Norway)

1998-12-31

Polyanionic cellulose, xanthane and ppolyglycole are standard additives for water-based drilling fluids. These are added to drilling liquids to control water loss, provide viscosity and inhibit slating. Filtration losses, which are unavoidable when drilling, cause scavenging polymers to penetrate the area around the drilled hole. This causes a number of different reactions with the surrounding rocks and may ultimately have a permanent influence on the flow conditions of hydrocarbons. The study mentioned above aimed at determining the damage potential of these additives. [Deutsch] Polyanionische Cellulose, Xanthan und Polyglykol sind uebliche Zusatzstoffe von wasserbasischen Bohrspuelungen. Diese werden Bohrfluessigkeiten zur Wasserverlustkontrolle, zur Viskositaetsbildung und zur Schieferinhibierung zugesetzt. Die beim Bohrprozess unvermeidlichen Filtrationsverluste fuehren dazu, dass Spuelungspolymere beim Bohren in den Bohrlochnahbereich eindringen. Die Beschaffenheit dieser Stoffe fuehrt nach dem Eindringen zu unterschiedlichen Reaktionen mit dem Traegergestein. Diese koennen letzten Endes einen dauerhaften Einfluss auf die Zuflussbedingungen von Kohlenwasserstoffen haben. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, das Traegerschaedigungspotential der obengenannten Spuelungszusaetze zu charakterisieren. (orig.)

An experimentally validated DEM study of powder mixing in a paddle blade mixer

OpenAIRE

Pantaleev, Stefan; Yordanova, Slavina; Janda, Alvaro; Marigo, Michele; Ooi, Jin

2017-01-01

An investigation on the predictive capabilities of Discrete Element Method simulations of a powder mixing process in a laboratory scale paddle blade mixer is presented. The visco-elasto-plastic frictional adhesive DEM contactmodel of Thakur et al. (2014) was used to represent the cohesive behaviour of an aluminosilicate powder in which the model parameters were determined using experimental flow energy measurements from the FT4powder rheometer. DEM simulations of the mixing process using the ...

FE-DEM Analysis of the Effect of Tread Pattern on the Tractive Performance of Tires Operating on Sand

Science.gov (United States)

Nakashima, Hiroshi; Takatsu, Yuzuru; Shinone, Hisanori; Matsukawa, Hisao; Kasetani, Takahiro

Soil-tire system interaction is a fundamental and important research topic in terramechanics. We applied a 2D finite element, discrete element method (FE-DEM), using FEM for the tire and the bottom soil layer and DEM for the surface soil layer. Satisfactory performance analysis was achieved. In this study, to clarify the capabilities and limitations of the method for soil-tire interaction analysis, the tractive performance of real automobile tires with two different tread patterns—smooth and grooved—was analyzed by FE-DEM, and the numerical results compared with the experimental results obtained using an indoor traction measurement system. The analysis of tractive performance could be performed with sufficient accuracy by the proposed 2D dynamic FE-DEM. FE-DEM obtained larger drawbar pull for a tire with a grooved tread pattern, which was verified by the experimental results. Moreover, the result for the grooved tire showed almost the same gross tractive effort and similar running resistance as in experiments. However, for a tire with smooth tread pattern, the analyzed gross tractive effort and running resistance behaved differently than the experimental results, largely due to the difference in tire sinkage in FE-DEM.

Ueber den begriff "Kinoplasma" in der spermiogenese von Australorbis Glabratus Olivaceus (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Planorbidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rudolf Barth

1960-11-01

Full Text Available Zur Klaerung der Frage, ob der Begriff "Kinoplasma" fuer gewisse, von MERTON (1924,1926, 1930 beobachtete Bildungen an den reifenden Spermiden von pulmonaten Mollusken oder fuer Bestandteile des Cytoplasmas im Sinne von STRASBURGER und SCARTH zu verwenden ist, werden in der vorliegenden Mitteilung die Vorgaenge bei der Spermiohistogenese von Australorbis glabratus olivaceus untersucht. Es ergibt sich: 1. Das von MERTON bezeichnete "Kinoplasma" existiert nicht als solches, es handelt sich bei den von ihm dargestellten Protoplasmabildungen um kugelige, von den Spermiden abgeschnuerte Restkoerper nicht verwendeten Baumaterials, bestehend aus Protoplasma und einigen Mitochondrien. Sie werden von den Naehr- oder Bazalzellen phagozytiert. Der Ausdruck "Kinoplasma" kann nur fuer die submikroskopischen, geformten, faedigen Elemente des Cytoplasmas reserviert bleiben, die den geradlinigen Fall der uebrigen nicht geformten Komponenten bremst oder ablenkt; damit muss das Kinoplasma aber aus dem Begriff des Cytoplasmas herausgenommen werden, da es, wenn auch vermutlich reversibel, eine Differenzierung darstellt. 2. Der Spermienfaden wird von den Centriolen (Axialfilament und den Mitochondrien (zwei peripher gelegene Spiralfilamente, sowie einem Plasmamantel gebildet. 3. Nach Beendigung des Auswachsens der Spermiengeissel, die zu diesem Zeitpunkt nur aus dem Achsenfaden und dem Protoplasmazylinder besteht, setzt sich eine Protoplasmamasse vom Kopf in Richtung zum Geisselende in Bewegung. Sie fuehrt den Golgi-Koerper und sehr viele Mitochondrien mit sich. Aus diesen entwickeln sich Fibrillen, die sich zu den beiden Spiralfilamenten zusammenfuegen. Diese Masse entspricht der von MERTON in seiner Theorie als Kinoplasma bezeichneten Komponente. 4. Die Bewegung dieses Protoplasmateils wird auf den Schub zurueckgefuehrt, den die sich bildenden Fibrillen auf die Mitochondrien ausueben. 5. Die Rueckwaertsbewegung dieses Protoplasmakoerpers beruht wahrscheinlich auf

Volcanic activity at Etna volcano, Sicily, Italy between June 2011 and March 2017 studied with TanDEM-X SAR interferometry

Science.gov (United States)

Kubanek, J.; Raible, B.; Westerhaus, M.; Heck, B.

2017-12-01

High-resolution and up-to-date topographic data are of high value in volcanology and can be used in a variety of applications such as volcanic flow modeling or hazard assessment. Furthermore, time-series of topographic data can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of an ongoing eruption. Differencing topographic data acquired at different times enables to derive areal coverage of lava, flow volumes, and lava extrusion rates, the most important parameters during ongoing eruptions for estimating hazard potential, yet most difficult to determine. Anyhow, topographic data acquisition and provision is a challenge. Very often, high-resolution data only exists within a small spatial extension, or the available data is already outdated when the final product is provided. This is especially true for very dynamic landscapes, such as volcanoes. The bistatic TanDEM-X radar satellite mission enables for the first time to generate up-to-date and high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) repeatedly using the interferometric phase. The repeated acquisition of TanDEM-X data facilitates the generation of a time-series of DEMs. Differencing DEMs generated from bistatic TanDEM-X data over time can contribute to monitor topographic changes at active volcanoes, and can help to estimate magmatic ascent rates. Here, we use the bistatic TanDEM-X data to investigate the activity of Etna volcano in Sicily, Italy. Etna's activity is characterized by lava fountains and lava flows with ash plumes from four major summit crater areas. Especially the newest crater, the New South East Crater (NSEC) that was formed in 2011 has been highly active in recent years. Over one hundred bistatic TanDEM-X data pairs were acquired between January 2011 and March 2017 in StripMap mode, covering episodes of lava fountaining and lava flow emplacement at Etna's NSEC and its surrounding area. Generating DEMs of every bistatic data pair enables us to assess areal extension of the lava flows, to

Antarctic 1 km Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Combined ERS-1 Radar and ICESat Laser Satellite Altimetry

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This data set provides a 1 km resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Antarctica. The DEM combines measurements from the European Remote Sensing Satellite-1...

Sewage sludge disposal after 2005 - thermal utilisation and uses in agriculture; Klaerschlammentsorgung ab 2005 - thermische Entsorgung und landwirtschaftliche Verwertung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinnekamp, J. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserbau, Wasserguete- und Abfallwirtschaft

2000-07-01

Sewage sludge combustion and its use as an agricultural fertilizer should not be viewed as yes-or-no alternatives. The contribution reviews some aspects of sewage sludge and attempts a forecast beyond 2005. [German] Was ist Klaerschlamm? Ein humus- und naehrstoffreiches Produkt, dessen moeglichst weitgehende Nutzung Ressourcen schont und dem Gebot der Nachhaltigkeit entspricht? Oder das Sammelbecken fuer all' die vielen Schadstoffe, die in Haushalten und Industrie mit Wasser in Beruehrung kommen und ueber die Kanalisation zur Klaeranlage gelangen? Sicher ist Klaerschlamm weder das eine noch das andere und daher ist auch eine eindeutige Bevorzugung oder ein vehementes Ablehnen der Verbrennung von Klaerschlaemmen oder der Aufbringung in der Landwirtschaft nicht angebracht. Dennoch ist in der gesamten Siedlungswasserwirtschaft kein Thema derart stark von Emotionen und haeufig wechselnden umweltpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen beeinflusst, wie die Frage der Klaerschlammentsorgung. Eine einigermassen gesicherte Prognose ueber die Klaerschlammentsorgung nach 2005 abzugeben, ist sicherlich nicht moeglich. Es sollen daher im folgenden einige Aspekte angesprochen werden, um das Thema aus verschiedenen Seiten zu beleuchten. (orig.)

Combined heat and power with the use of fuel cells; Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung mit Brennstoffzellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arends, G; Lehmann, M [Deutsches Brennstoffzellenforum e.V., Bonn (Germany)

1997-12-01

Fuel cell systems have the potential to cause increased efficiency, cleanness and decentralization in all areas of energy consumption. This article describes technical characteristics and current development status of the different fuel cell types with a view to their use as cogeneration facilities. The following types of fuel cell are examined: - Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), - Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), - Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). (orig.) [Deutsch] Brennstoffzellensysteme haben das Potential, in allen Sektoren des Endenergieverbrauchs wesentliche Verbesserungen bezueglich Effizienz, Sauberkeit und Dezentralisierung zu bewirken. In dem folgenden Aufsatz werden die technischen Eigenschaften und der aktuelle Entwicklungsstand verschiedener Brennstoffzellentypen im Hinblick auf ihren Einsatz in der Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung beschrieben. Ein Ueberblick ueber neueste Demonstrationsprojekte informiert ueber den Stand der Technik. Konkrete - wenngleich unsichere - Angaben zur Wirtschaftlichkeit projektierter Brennstoffzellensystme ergeben, dass die genannten Vorteile der Brennstoffzellentechnologie moeglicherweise schon um die Jahrhundertwende auch oekonomisch interessant werden. (orig.)

Energy indicators; Energiekennzahlen in der Industrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mauch, W. [Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany); Forschungsstelle fuer Energiewirtschaft (FfE), Muenchen (Germany); Layer, G. [Forschungsstelle fuer Energiewirtschaft (FfE), Muenchen (Germany); Schneider, J. [Ogreb-Institut fuer Kraftwerke, Cottbus (Germany). Abt. Prozessforschung und Energetik; Ministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz, Energie und Reaktorsicherheit, Berlin (Germany); Bundeswirtschaftsministerium, Bonn (Germany). Energieabteilung

2004-07-01

Indicators of the energy requirements of industrial plants, production processes and products provide criteria for evaluating resource consumption, emissions and saving potential. Energy indicators are used as base data for energy concepts and holistic energy balances in the framework of the exchange of information on best available techniques. The following contribution describes a methodology for the determination of energy indicators for industrial production plants. On this basis, it then analyses a number of example processes, i.e. manufacture of mineral chips and asphalt, provision of compressed air, and flue gas dedusting. (orig.) [German] Kennzahlen ueber den Energiebedarf von industriellen Anlagen, Herstellungsverfahren und Erzeugnissen liefern Kriterien zur Beurteilung des Ressourcenaufwands, der Emissionen und Einsparpotenziale. Als Basisdaten fuer Energiekonzepte und ganzheitliche Bilanzierungen eingesetzt dienen Energiekennzahlen dem Informationsaustausch ueber die besten verfuegbaren Techniken. Nachfolgend wird die methodische Vorgehensweise zur Ermittlung von Kennzahlen fuer industrielle Produktionsanlagen beschrieben. Auf dieser Basis werden beispielhaft die Mineralsplitter- und Asphaltherstellung sowie die Druckluftbereitstellung und -entstaubung analysiert. (orig.)

Assessment of neuro-optometric rehabilitation using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM test in adults with acquired brain injury

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neera Kapoor

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose: This pilot study sought to determine the efficacy of using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM test in the adult, acquired brain injury (ABI population to quantify clinically the effects of controlled, laboratory-performed, oculomotor-based vision therapy/vision rehabilitation. Methods: Nine adult subjects with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI and five with stroke were assessed before and after an eight-week, computer-based, versional oculomotor (fixation, saccades, pursuit, and simulated reading training program (9.6 h total. The protocol incorporated a cross-over, interventional design with and without the addition of auditory feedback regarding two-dimensional eye position. The clinical outcome measure was the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM test score (ratio, errors taken before, midway, and immediately following training. Results: For the DEM ratio parameter, improvements were found in 80–89% of the subjects. For the DEM error parameter, improvements were found in 100% of the subjects. Incorporation of the auditory feedback component revealed a trend toward enhanced performance. The findings were similar for both DEM parameters, as well as for incorporation of the auditory feedback, in both diagnostic groups. Discussion: The results of the present study demonstrated considerable improvements in the DEM test scores following the oculomotor-based training, thus reflecting more time-optimal and accurate saccadic tracking after the training. The DEM test should be considered as another clinical test of global saccadic tracking performance in the ABI population. Resumen: Objetivo: Este estudio piloto trató de determinar la eficacia del uso de la prueba DEM (Developmental Eye Movement en la población adulta con daño cerebral adquirido (DCA para cuantificar clínicamente los efectos de la rehabilitación/terapia visual controlada, realizada en laboratorio, y de carácter oculomotor. Métodos: Se valoraron nueve sujetos adultos con

Building system technology with installation bus. Planning now for the future; Gebaeudesystemtechnik - mit Installationsbus. Heute schon an morgen denken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vogt, D. [RWE Energie AG, Essen (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 16 of the anthology about building technology the building system technology with installation bus is described. The following aspects are discussed: limits of the conventional electric installation, building system technology, building system technology - illusion or reality?; The European Installation Bus Association (EIBA). (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 16 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der Gebaeudesystemtechnik mit Installationsbus gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themenbereiche angesprochen: Grenzen der konventionellen Elektroinstallation; Gebaeudesystemtechnik; Gebaeudesystemtechnik - Illusion oder Realitaet?; Die EIBA (European Installation Bus Association). (BWI)

Radiosurgery with the gamma knife; Radiochirurgie mit dem Gamma-Knife

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wowra, B.; Reulen, H.J.

1996-05-10

Radiosurgery is a novel modality introduced by the neurosurgeon Lars Leksell. For the most important lesions, (arteriovenous angiomas, benign tumors in the base of the skull, formation of metastases in the brain), radiosurgery is a valuable additional tool in the range of therapies available to the benefit of patients. The gamma knife has been gaining a leading rank in the range of therapies applied in Germany. (orig.) [Deutsch] Radiochirurgie ist ein neues, von dem Neurochirurgen Lars Leksell konzipiertes Prinzip. Bei den wichtigsten Indikationen (arteriovenoese Angiome, gutartige Tumoren der Schaedelbasis, Hirnmetastasen etc.) bereichert und ergaenzt die Radiochirurgie das therapeutische Arsenal der Neurochirurgie zum Vorteil der Patienten betraechtlich. Dem Gamma-Knife kommt jetzt auch in Deutschland ein prominenter Platz unter den verschiedenen radiochirurgischen Verfahren zu. (orig.)

Assessment of neuro-optometric rehabilitation using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in adults with acquired brain injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Kapoor, Neera; Ciuffreda, Kenneth Joseph

This pilot study sought to determine the efficacy of using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in the adult, acquired brain injury (ABI) population to quantify clinically the effects of controlled, laboratory-performed, oculomotor-based vision therapy/vision rehabilitation. Nine adult subjects with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and five with stroke were assessed before and after an eight-week, computer-based, versional oculomotor (fixation, saccades, pursuit, and simulated reading) training program (9.6h total). The protocol incorporated a cross-over, interventional design with and without the addition of auditory feedback regarding two-dimensional eye position. The clinical outcome measure was the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test score (ratio, errors) taken before, midway, and immediately following training. For the DEM ratio parameter, improvements were found in 80-89% of the subjects. For the DEM error parameter, improvements were found in 100% of the subjects. Incorporation of the auditory feedback component revealed a trend toward enhanced performance. The findings were similar for both DEM parameters, as well as for incorporation of the auditory feedback, in both diagnostic groups. The results of the present study demonstrated considerable improvements in the DEM test scores following the oculomotor-based training, thus reflecting more time-optimal and accurate saccadic tracking after the training. The DEM test should be considered as another clinical test of global saccadic tracking performance in the ABI population. Copyright © 2017 Spanish General Council of Optometry. All rights reserved.

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for the main 8 Hawaiian Islands

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Digital elevation model (DEM) data are arrays of regularly spaced elevation values referenced horizontally either to a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection...

Anfangen, sich die Welt anders vorzustellen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabine Fuchs

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Der Sammelband Butler Matters bezeugt Judith Butlers außerordentliche Bedeutung für feministische und queere Studien und Forschung. In elf Beiträgen wird Butlers (frühes Werk von Gender Trouble und Bodies That Matter über Excitable Speech bis zu The Psychic Life of Power betrachtet und sein weit reichender Einfluss quer durch die wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen nachgewiesen. Dargestellt werden auch die kontroverse Rezeption von Butlers Werk sowie die politischen Wirkungen von Butlers Denken. Besonders anregend ist ein zweiteiliges Interview mit Judith Butler, in dem sie auf ein breites Spektrum von Fragen eingeht, die auch wichtige Themen ihrer aktuelleren Werke betreffen.

Evaluation of TanDEMx and SRTM DEM on watershed simulated ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

57

**Department of Environmental and Water Resource Engineering. School of Civil .... Few studies have investigated the impact of DEM on watershed delineation like ..... on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modelling, Santa Fe, New. Mexico.

Original Product Resolution (OPR) Source Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) - USGS National Map 3DEP Downloadable Data Collection

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior — This data collection is the Original Product Resolution (OPR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as provided to the USGS. This DEM is delivered in the original...

Uncertainty modelling and analysis of volume calculations based on a regular grid digital elevation model (DEM)

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Chang; Wang, Qing; Shi, Wenzhong; Zhao, Sisi

2018-05-01

The accuracy of earthwork calculations that compute terrain volume is critical to digital terrain analysis (DTA). The uncertainties in volume calculations (VCs) based on a DEM are primarily related to three factors: 1) model error (ME), which is caused by an adopted algorithm for a VC model, 2) discrete error (DE), which is usually caused by DEM resolution and terrain complexity, and 3) propagation error (PE), which is caused by the variables' error. Based on these factors, the uncertainty modelling and analysis of VCs based on a regular grid DEM are investigated in this paper. Especially, how to quantify the uncertainty of VCs is proposed by a confidence interval based on truncation error (TE). In the experiments, the trapezoidal double rule (TDR) and Simpson's double rule (SDR) were used to calculate volume, where the TE is the major ME, and six simulated regular grid DEMs with different terrain complexity and resolution (i.e. DE) were generated by a Gauss synthetic surface to easily obtain the theoretical true value and eliminate the interference of data errors. For PE, Monte-Carlo simulation techniques and spatial autocorrelation were used to represent DEM uncertainty. This study can enrich uncertainty modelling and analysis-related theories of geographic information science.

Greenland 5 km DEM, Ice Thickness, and Bedrock Elevation Grids

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — A Digital Elevation Model (DEM), ice thickness grid, and bedrock elevation grid of Greenland acquired as part of the PARCA program are available in ASCII text format...

Analysis of photovoltaic systems. Leadership/cooperation in Task II of the IEA Implementing Agreements Photovoltaic Power Systems, database operation; Analyse des Betriebsverhaltens von Photovoltaiksystemen. Leitung/Mitarbeit im Task II des IEA Implementing Agreements Photovoltaic Power Systems, Betrieb der Datenbank. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schreitmueller, K.; Niemann, M.; Decker, B.; Jahn, U.; Meyer, H.

2000-02-01

the analysis of PV systems of the different types addressed in the database are presented and discussed. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen des Vorhabens wurde an den laufenden Arbeiten im Task II des 'Photovoltaic Power System Programme' (PVPS) der Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA) wesentlich mitgewirkt. Es ist eine zentrale Aufgabe des Task II, das Wissen ueber die Auslegung und das Betriebsverhalten von Photovoltaik(PV)-Systemen zu verbreiten und durch Ansprache geeigneter Zielgruppen die Markteinfuehrung der PV-Technologie voranzutreiben. Dabei stuetzt sich das Vorhaben auf die Erstellung und Aktualisierung einer dezentralen Datenbank, in der sowohl detaillierte Anlagedaten von realisierten PV-Anlagen als auch monatsaufgeloeste Betriebsergebnisse der vermessenen PV-Systeme gesammelt und aufbereitet werden. Ziel der Arbeiten ist es, Informationen ueber Energieertraege, Zuverlaessigkeit und Kosten von verschiedenen PV-Systemen aus der ganzen Welt bereitzustellen und Richtlinien fuer optimale PV-Anlagen in Bezug auf ihr Betriebsverhalten und ihre Auslegung zu entwickeln. Die dezentrale Datenbank auf PC-Basis wurde im ISFH erstellt und konfiguriert. Das Datenbankprogramm besteht aus dem Programm 'PVbase' und dem Programm 'PVreport'. Umfangreiche Softwarewerkzeuge erlauben die Selektion von PV-Anlagen, die graphische und statistische Aufarbeitung der relevanten Daten von PV-Anlagen und den Export von berechneten Jahresmittelwerten. Die Datenbank enthaelt derzeit mehr als 260 PV-Anlagen mit monatlichen Datensaetzen von ueber 600 Betriebsjahren. Neben den allgemeinen Informationen sind Angaben ueber die Art der PV-Anlage (Netzverbund, Insel- oder Hybridanlage), ihre Montageart, ihre verwendeten Komponenten und oekonomische Daten enthalten. Die Datenbank umfasst einen grossen Anteil weltweit realisierter PV-Anlagen mit installierter Messdatenerfassung. Der Nutzen der kontinuierlich verbesserten Datenbank liegt in der Verbreitung von Informationen

Eine neue Tornaria aus dem Ostindischen Archipel (Tornaria Sunieri)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stiasny, G.

1921-01-01

Da aus dem malayischen Archipel durch die Siboga-Monographie Spengels (2) zwar eine Anzahl Enteropneusten, jedoch nur eine einzige Tornaria bekannt worden ist, war anzunehmen, dass noch andere Tornarien in diesem Gebiete nachzuweisen sein würden. Von dieser Erwartung ausgehend wandte ich mich an

7. Conference: thermal waste management; 7. Fachtagung: Thermische Abfallbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bilitewski, B. [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Abfallwirtschaft; Faulstich, M. [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Lehrstuhl und Versuchsanstalt fuer Wasserguete- und Abfallwirtschaft; Urban, A. (eds.) [Kassel Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Fachgebiet Abfalltechnik

2002-07-01

The conference focused on the optimization of incinerators and the production and utilization of refuse-derived fuels. Subjects: Legal regulations and their practical implementation; Development and optimization of technology and cost; Production and utilization of refuse-derived fuels. Experts from practice, projecting, plant construction and research presented their findings. [German] Die 7. gemeinsame Fachtagung 'Thermische Abfallbehandlung' der abfalltechnisch ausgerichteten Fachgebiete und Lehrstuehle der Universitaeten Dresden, Kassel und Muenchen steht in diesem Jahr unter dem Motto der Optimierung von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen und dem Gewinn und der Nutzung von Sekundaerbrennstoffen. Die Abfallwirtschaft benoetigt die thermischen Verfahren, um die politischen Vorgaben der Zukunft - Abfallentsorgung ohne Deponien - erreichen zu koennen. Mit der 7. Fachtagung wollen wir einen Ueberblick geben ueber die wichtigen Fragen der rechtlichen und politischen Lenkung und wie diese Lenkung in der Praxis wirkt. Mit den Regeln des BAT/BVT werden sowohl fuer die Mono- als auch Mitverbrennung von Abfaellen an die thermischen Anlagen hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Daher wird ein wichtiger Gesichtspunkt der Tagung die Entwicklungstendenz und Optimierung sowohl hinsichtlich der Technik als auch der Kosten von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen sein. Eine der zentralen Fragen der Abfallwirtschaft der naechsten 10 Jahre ist die Gewinnung von Sekundaerbrennstoff und die Nutzung dieser Brennstoffe in den verschiedenen thermischen Reaktoren und bestehenden Verbrennungsanlagen. Die hier zusammengestellten Aufsaetze aus der dreitaegigen Tagung mit ca. 30 Beitraegen von Autoren aus der Praxis, der planenden Bueros, Anlagenbaufirmen und Forschungseinrichtungen sollen Auskunft geben ueber den neuesten Stand der Entwicklung. (orig.)

Demência como fator de risco para fraturas graves em idosos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carvalho Aline de Mesquita

2002-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As quedas entre pessoas idosas constituem importante problema de saúde pública devido à sua alta incidência, às complicações para a saúde e aos altos custos assistenciais. O estudo realizado visa a estimar a associação entre demência e ocorrência de quedas e fraturas entre idosos. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido estudo caso-controle de 404 indivíduos com 60 ou mais anos de idade, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Casos e controles foram pareados por idade, sexo e hospital. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista estruturada com os idosos. Foram considerados portadores de quadro demencial idosos cuja pontuação no questionário BOAS fosse superior a dois. Foram obtidos odds ratios (OR ajustados por fatores potenciais de confusão, utilizando-se regressão logística condicional. RESULTADOS: As quedas distribuíram-se igualmente entre os períodos da manhã, tarde e noite, havendo uma redução em sua freqüência durante a madrugada. Acidentaram-se dentro de casa 78% dos idosos com demência, contra 55% daqueles sem essa doença. O OR não-ajustado para a associação entre demência e fratura grave foi de 2,0 (IC95%, 1,23-3,25. Após o ajuste por fatores de confusão, houve uma pequena redução dessa associação (OR=1,82, 1,03-3,23. CONCLUSÃO: Idosos com quadro demencial apresentam maior risco de caírem e ser hospitalizados por fratura do que idosos sem demência. Tal fato implica a necessidade de cuidados especiais com esses indivíduos, visando a minimizar o risco desses acidentes.

Vergleich verschiedener Beurteilungsverfahren an Röntgenbildern des Ellbogengelenkes beim Deutschen Schäferhund und Rottweiler unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Lagerung als Basis einer züchterischen Selektion gegen die Ellbogengelenksdysplasie

OpenAIRE

Klein, Sandra

2010-01-01

Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, drei Bewertungsverfahren zur Beurteilung der Ellbogengelenksdysplasie bei Hunden der Rasse Deutscher Schäferhund und Rottweiler miteinander zu vergleichen. Hierbei sollte insbesondere ein Einfluss der Lagerung während der Röntgenaufnahme überprüft werden. Bewertet wurden Röntgenaufnahmen von 19.798 Deutschen Schäferhunden und 2.430 Rottweiler, von denen bereits ein offizieller ED – Befund vorlag. Es erfolgte eine Beurteilung entsprechend der zwei Punktesch...

Micromechanics of non-active clays in saturated state and DEM modelling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pagano Arianna Gea

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The paper presents a conceptual micromechanical model for 1-D compression behaviour of non-active clays in saturated state. An experimental investigation was carried out on kaolin clay samples saturated with fluids of different pH and dielectric permittivity. The effect of pore fluid characteristics on one-dimensional compressibility behaviour of kaolin was investigated. A three dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM was implemented in order to simulate the response of saturated kaolin observed during the experiments. A complex contact model was introduced, considering both the mechanical and physico-chemical microscopic interactions between clay particles. A simple analysis with spherical particles only was performed as a preliminary step in the DEM study in the elastic regime.

Coastal Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for tsunami hazard assessment on the French coasts

Science.gov (United States)

Maspataud, Aurélie; Biscara, Laurie; Hébert, Hélène; Schmitt, Thierry; Créach, Ronan

2015-04-01

Building precise and up-to-date coastal DEMs is a prerequisite for accurate modeling and forecasting of hydrodynamic processes at local scale. Marine flooding, originating from tsunamis, storm surges or waves, is one of them. Some high resolution DEMs are being generated for multiple coast configurations (gulf, embayment, strait, estuary, harbor approaches, low-lying areas…) along French Atlantic and Channel coasts. This work is undertaken within the framework of the TANDEM project (Tsunamis in the Atlantic and the English ChaNnel: Definition of the Effects through numerical Modeling) (2014-2017). DEMs boundaries were defined considering the vicinity of French civil nuclear facilities, site effects considerations and potential tsunamigenic sources. Those were identified from available historical observations. Seamless integrated topographic and bathymetric coastal DEMs will be used by institutions taking part in the study to simulate expected wave height at regional and local scale on the French coasts, for a set of defined scenarii. The main tasks were (1) the development of a new capacity of production of DEM, (2) aiming at the release of high resolution and precision digital field models referred to vertical reference frameworks, that require (3) horizontal and vertical datum conversions (all source elevation data need to be transformed to a common datum), on the basis of (4) the building of (national and/or local) conversion grids of datum relationships based on known measurements. Challenges in coastal DEMs development deal with good practices throughout model development that can help minimizing uncertainties. This is particularly true as scattered elevation data with variable density, from multiple sources (national hydrographic services, state and local government agencies, research organizations and private engineering companies) and from many different types (paper fieldsheets to be digitized, single beam echo sounder, multibeam sonar, airborne laser

Calibration of DEM parameters on shear test experiments using Kriging method

Science.gov (United States)

Xavier, Bednarek; Sylvain, Martin; Abibatou, Ndiaye; Véronique, Peres; Olivier, Bonnefoy

2017-06-01

Calibration of powder mixing simulation using Discrete-Element-Method is still an issue. Achieving good agreement with experimental results is difficult because time-efficient use of DEM involves strong assumptions. This work presents a methodology to calibrate DEM parameters using Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) algorithm based on Kriging interpolation method. Classical shear test experiments are used as calibration experiments. The calibration is made on two parameters - Young modulus and friction coefficient. The determination of the minimal number of grains that has to be used is a critical step. Simulations of a too small amount of grains would indeed not represent the realistic behavior of powder when using huge amout of grains will be strongly time consuming. The optimization goal is the minimization of the objective function which is the distance between simulated and measured behaviors. The EGO algorithm uses the maximization of the Expected Improvement criterion to find next point that has to be simulated. This stochastic criterion handles with the two interpolations made by the Kriging method : prediction of the objective function and estimation of the error made. It is thus able to quantify the improvement in the minimization that new simulations at specified DEM parameters would lead to.

DEM Calibration Approach: design of experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Boikov, A. V.; Savelev, R. V.; Payor, V. A.

2018-05-01

The problem of DEM models calibration is considered in the article. It is proposed to divide models input parameters into those that require iterative calibration and those that are recommended to measure directly. A new method for model calibration based on the design of the experiment for iteratively calibrated parameters is proposed. The experiment is conducted using a specially designed stand. The results are processed with technical vision algorithms. Approximating functions are obtained and the error of the implemented software and hardware complex is estimated. The prospects of the obtained results are discussed.

Sterblichkeit: der paradoxe Kunstgriff des Lebens - Eine Betrachtung vor dem Hintergrund der modernen Biologie

Science.gov (United States)

Verbeek, Bernhard

Leben gibt es auf der Erde seit fast 4 Mio. Jahren, trotz allen Katastrophen. Die Idee des Lebens scheint unsterblich. Der Tod aber offenbar auch. Jedes Lebewesen ist davon bedroht, ja für Menschen und andere "höhere“ Lebewesen ist er im Lebensprogramm eingebaut - todsicher. Diese Tatsache ist alles andere als selbstverständlich. Ist sie überhaupt kompatibel mit dem Prinzip der Evolution, nach dem der am besten Angepasste überlebt?

Operational experience with open communication in the field of building automation at the IBM center Ehningen; GA-Betriebserfahrung - mit offener Kommunikation im Informatikzentrum Ehningen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Damnig, A [IBM Deutschland Informationssysteme GmbH, Ehningen bei Boeblingen (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 21 of the anthology about building control the operational experience with open communication in the field of building automation is discussed. The following aspects are discussed: building automation at IBM in Ehningen, the FACN experience, what has been achieved? Energy and operation optimisation. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 21 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der Betriebserfahrung mit Gebaeudeautomationen mit offener Kommunikation gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themenbereiche angesprochen: Gebaeudeautomation bei IBM in Ehningen, das FACN-Protokoll; Betriebserfahrungen; Was wurde erreicht?; Energie- und Betriebsoptimierungen. (BWI)

Digital building management. Computer-supported operation from design, administration and maintenance to documentation and application; Digitales Gebaeude-Management. EDV-gestuetzte Betriebsfuehrung von der Zeichnung, Administration und Instandhaltung bis zur Dokumentation und Archivierung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuerdt, K. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 5 of the anthology about building control the digital building management with respect to computerised operation is described. The following aspects are discussed: the change caused by C-technologies, effective operation, digital cost transparency, data processing level, documentation by precise computer, target models, expenditure/use analysis. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 5 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem digitalen Gebaeude-Management im Sinne einer EDV-gestuetzten Betriebsfuehrung gewidmet. Folgende Themen werden angesprochen: Der Wandel durch die C-Technologien; Effektive Betriebsfuehrung; Digitale Kostentransparenz; EDV-Ebenen; Dokumentation mit Computer-Praezision; Zielmodelle; Aufwand/Nutzen-Analyse. (BWI)

Fibre-reinforced SiC ceramics: Properties and applications; Faserverstaerkte SiC-Keramik: Eigenschaften und Anwendungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leuchs, M. [MT Aerospace AG, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Str. 5, 86153 Augsburg (Germany)

2006-04-15

Composite ceramics can be produced by different processes resulting in different qualities. A composite ceramic material with C or SiC fibres and a SiC matrix is presented which is produced by chemical vapour infiltration (CVI). The material characteristics are defined by the embedding of the fibres in the matrix. For full utilisation of the strength and elasticity of the fibres, weak coupling between the fibres and matrix is required. The measured cracking resistances are similar to those of metals, e.g. grey cast iron. Applications so far have focused on applications where known materials cannot be used, e.g. because of high temperatures, thermoshock and brittle fracture problems, and wear. Examples are control flaps in aerospace applications are exposed to temperatures above 1600 degree C during re-entry into the earth atmosphere and heavy-duty sliding bearings in industrial pumps where ceramic composite materials have been in use for more than a decade. (orig.) [German] Mit Verbundkeramiken ist eine Werkstoffklasse entstanden, bei denen sich verschiedene Herstellverfahren mit unterschiedlichen Qualitaeten entwickelt haben [1]. Es wird eine Verbundkeramik mit C- bzw. SiC-Fasern und SiC-Matrix vorgestellt, die ueber die Infiltration der Fasern mit dem CVI-Verfahren (Chemical Vapour Infiltration) hergestellt wird [2]. Die Eigenschaften werden bestimmt durch die Qualitaet der Einbettung der Fasern in die Matrix. Nur eine schwache Ankopplung zwischen Fasern und Matrix erlaubt es, Festigkeit und Dehnbarkeit der Fasern auszunutzen. Die gemessenen Risswiderstaende solcher Verbundkeramiken liegen im Bereich von Metallen wie zum Beispiel Grauguss. Anwendungen konzentrieren sich bisher auf Gebiete, in denen die bekannten Werkstoffe nicht eingesetzt werden koennen. Gruende hierfuer sind zum Beispiel zu hohe Temperaturen, Thermoschock- und Sproedbruchverhalten und Verschleiss. Beispiele sind Steuerklappen aus dem Bereich der Raumfahrt, die beim Wiedereintritt in die

Rockslide and Impulse Wave Modelling in the Vajont Reservoir by DEM-CFD Analyses

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, T.; Utili, S.; Crosta, G. B.

2016-06-01

This paper investigates the generation of hydrodynamic water waves due to rockslides plunging into a water reservoir. Quasi-3D DEM analyses in plane strain by a coupled DEM-CFD code are adopted to simulate the rockslide from its onset to the impact with the still water and the subsequent generation of the wave. The employed numerical tools and upscaling of hydraulic properties allow predicting a physical response in broad agreement with the observations notwithstanding the assumptions and characteristics of the adopted methods. The results obtained by the DEM-CFD coupled approach are compared to those published in the literature and those presented by Crosta et al. (Landslide spreading, impulse waves and modelling of the Vajont rockslide. Rock mechanics, 2014) in a companion paper obtained through an ALE-FEM method. Analyses performed along two cross sections are representative of the limit conditions of the eastern and western slope sectors. The max rockslide average velocity and the water wave velocity reach ca. 22 and 20 m/s, respectively. The maximum computed run up amounts to ca. 120 and 170 m for the eastern and western lobe cross sections, respectively. These values are reasonably similar to those recorded during the event (i.e. ca. 130 and 190 m, respectively). Therefore, the overall study lays out a possible DEM-CFD framework for the modelling of the generation of the hydrodynamic wave due to the impact of a rapid moving rockslide or rock-debris avalanche.

Uma revisão bibliográfica das principais demências que acometem a população brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Lysia de O. Araújo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Demência pode ser definida como uma síndrome caracterizada pelo declínio progressivo e global de memória e outras funções cognitivas. O presente trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica que tem como objetivo identificar e apresentar a produção científica relacionada com a temática. O levantamento bibliográfico foi nas Bases de Dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde - BIREME. Os tipos de demência aqui levadas em conta são: Demência de Alzheimer, Demência por Corpos de Lewy (DCL, Demência Frontotemporal (DFT e Demência Vascular. Nas demências, os fatores de risco variam de acordo com os estressores genéticos e ambientais, além da idade e histórico clínico, conforme cada indivíduo. As principais alterações cerebrais são: placas senis e emaranhados neurofibrilares, com comprometimento da neurotransmissão colinérgica e atrofia cerebral extensa. Na sua maior parte são patologias de início insidioso e deterioração progressiva. O primeiro sinal/sintoma é a perda da memória seguida de declínio cognitivo e funcional. Podem ser divididas em estágios conforme o acometimento. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de história clínica, exames laboratoriais e de neuroimagem, exame clínico neurológico e exames neuropsicológicos. Conclui-se que ainda não se tem a cura das demências e que os estudos de células-tronco podem contribuir nesse sentido.

Extraction and Validation of Geomorphological Features from EU-DEM in The Vicinity of the Mygdonia Basin, Northern Greece

Science.gov (United States)

Mouratidis, Antonios; Karadimou, Georgia; Ampatzidis, Dimitrios

2017-12-01

The European Union Digital Elevation Model (EU-DEM) is a relatively new, hybrid elevation product, principally based on SRTM DEM and ASTER GDEM data, but also on publically available Russian topographic maps for regions north of 60° N. More specifically, EU-DEM is a Digital Surface Model (DSM) over Europe from the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Reference Data Access (RDA) project - a realisation of the Copernicus (former GMES) programme, managed by the European Commission/DG Enterprise and Industry. Even if EU-DEM is indeed more reliable in terms of elevation accuracy than its constituents, it ought to be noted that it is not representative of the original elevation measurements, but is rather a secondary (mathematical) product. Therefore, for specific applications, such as those of geomorphological interest, artefacts may be induced. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of EU-DEM for geomorphological applications and compare it against other available datasets, i.e. topographic maps and (almost) global DEMs such as SRTM, ASTER-GDEM and WorldDEM™. This initial investigation is carried out in Central Macedonia, Northern Greece, in the vicinity of the Mygdonia basin, which corresponds to an area of particular interest for several geoscience applications. This area has also been serving as a test site for the systematic validation of DEMs for more than a decade. Consequently, extensive elevation datasets and experience have been accumulated over the years, rendering the evaluation of new elevation products a coherent and useful exercise on a local to regional scale. In this context, relief classification, drainage basin delineation, slope and slope aspect, as well as extraction and classification of drainage network are performed and validated among the aforementioned elevation sources. The achieved results focus on qualitative and quantitative aspects of automatic geomorphological feature extraction from

An Optimal DEM Reconstruction Method for Linear Array Synthetic Aperture Radar Based on Variational Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shi Jun

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Downward-looking Linear Array Synthetic Aperture Radar (LASAR has many potential applications in the topographic mapping, disaster monitoring and reconnaissance applications, especially in the mountainous area. However, limited by the sizes of platforms, its resolution in the linear array direction is always far lower than those in the range and azimuth directions. This disadvantage leads to the blurring of Three-Dimensional (3D images in the linear array direction, and restricts the application of LASAR. To date, the research on 3D SAR image enhancement has focused on the sparse recovery technique. In this case, the one-to-one mapping of Digital Elevation Model (DEM brakes down. To overcome this, an optimal DEM reconstruction method for LASAR based on the variational model is discussed in an effort to optimize the DEM and the associated scattering coefficient map, and to minimize the Mean Square Error (MSE. Using simulation experiments, it is found that the variational model is more suitable for DEM enhancement applications to all kinds of terrains compared with the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMPand Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO methods.

DEM Development from Ground-Based LiDAR Data: A Method to Remove Non-Surface Objects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maneesh Sharma

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Topography and land cover characteristics can have significant effects on infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes on watersheds. The ability to model the timing and routing of surface water and erosion is affected by the resolution of the digital elevation model (DEM. High resolution ground-based Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR technology can be used to collect detailed topographic and land cover characteristic data. In this study, a method was developed to remove vegetation from ground-based LiDAR data to create high resolution DEMs. Research was conducted on intensively studied rainfall–runoff plots on the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Southeast Arizona. LiDAR data were used to generate 1 cm resolution digital surface models (DSM for 5 plots. DSMs created directly from LiDAR data contain non-surface objects such as vegetation cover. A vegetation removal method was developed which used a slope threshold and a focal mean filter method to remove vegetation and create bare earth DEMs. The method was validated on a synthetic plot, where rocks and vegetation were added incrementally. Results of the validation showed a vertical error of ±7.5 mm in the final DEM.

Resource Management in Diffserv On DemAnd (RODA) PHR

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Westberg, L.; Jacobsson, M.; de Kogel, M.; Oosthoek, S.; Partain, D.; Rexhepi, V.; Wallentin, P.; Karagiannis, Georgios

The purpose of this draft is to present the Resource Management in Diffserv (RMD) On DemAnd (RODA) Per Hop Reservation (PHR) protocol. The RODA PHR protocol is used on a per-hop basis in a Differentiated Services (Diffserv) domain and extends the Diffserv Per Hop Behavior (PHB) with resource

Doppler Centroid Estimation for Airborne SAR Supported by POS and DEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CHENG Chunquan

2015-05-01

Full Text Available It is difficult to estimate the Doppler frequency and modulating rate for airborne SAR by using traditional vector method due to instable flight and complex terrain. In this paper, it is qualitatively analyzed that the impacts of POS, DEM and their errors on airborne SAR Doppler parameters. Then an innovative vector method is presented based on the range-coplanarity equation to estimate the Doppler centroid taking the POS and DEM as auxiliary data. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated and analyzed via the simulation experiments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the method can be used to estimate the Doppler centroid with high accuracy even in the cases of high relief, instable flight, and large squint SAR.

BOREAS HYP-8 DEM Data Over The NSA-MSA and SSA-MSA in The AEAC Projection

Science.gov (United States)

Knapp, David E.; Hall, Forrest G. (Editor); Wang, Xue-Wen; Band, L. E.; Smith, David E. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

These data were derived from the original Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) produced by the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Hydrology (HYD)-8 team. The original DEMs were in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection, while this product is projected in the Albers Equal-Area Conic (AEAC) projection. The pixel size of the data is 100 meters, which is appropriate for the 1:50,000-scale contours from which the DEMs were made. The original data were compiled from information available in the 1970s and 1980s. This data set covers the two Modeling Sub-Areas (MSAs) that are contained within the Southern Study Area (SSA) and the Northern Study Area (NSA). The data are stored in binary, image format files. The DEM data over the NSA-MSA and SSA-MSA in the AEAC projection are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884).

HTGT-Turbotech II. Project: 1.222: transonic diffusers and resulting unsteady effects. Final report; HTGT-Turbotech II. Teilprojekt 1.222: Transsonische Diffusoren und resultierende instationaere Effekte. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stetter, H.; Margot-Peters, X.; Kraus, P.

1999-12-01

flow, respectively. (orig.) [German] Fuer den sicheren Betrieb von Turbomaschinen ist ein Spalt zwischen der Rotorbeschaufelung und der Gehaeusewand unerlaesslich. Der dadurch entstehende Leckagestrom kann nach der letzten Stufe an der Diffusoraussenwand ein Ueberschallgebiet hervorrufen, das aufgrund von Stoss-Grenzschicht-Wechselwirkungen zu instationaeren Stosspulsationen fuehren kann. Dieser Vorgang kann numerisch noch nicht beschrieben werden. Ziel des Vorhabens war es deshalb, ein umfassend validiertes Simulationsprogramm bereitzustellen, mit dem der Diffusor hinsichtlich des Druckrueckgewinns optimal ausgelegt und gleichzeitig die Schaufelbelastung infolge der Stosspulsation minimiert werden kann. Grundlegende Fragestellungen - u.a. Bereich der Stosswanderung, Einflussbereich des Leckagestroms - wurden mit Hilfe der Flachwasseranalogie geklaert. Zur Erfassung der Stroemungsverhaeltnisse wurden an einem luftdurchstroemten Modellversuchsstand stationaere und instationaere Stroemungsmessungen durchgefuehrt, die die Randbedingungen fuer das zu entwickelnde Simulationsprogramm lieferten und zum anderen zu dessen Validierung dienen sollten. Im Rahmen der numerischen Arbeiten wurde ein vorhandener, stationaer rechnender Navier-Stokes-Code auf die Berechnung instationaerer Vorgaenge erweitert. Dazu wurden u.a. auch verschiedene Turbulenzmodelle getestet, um deren Eignung fuer abgeloeste, instationaere Stroemungen zu pruefen. Die instationaeren Berechnungen der Stoss-Grenzschicht-Wechselwirkungen konnten jedoch mit dem beabsichtigten Loesungsansatz - keine voll dreidimensionale Diskretisierung - nicht zur Konvergenz gebracht werden. Ursachen sind Rueckstroemgebiete in der Diffusionsaustrittsebene sowie die experimentell ermittelte, deutliche Variation der Stroemungsfeldgroessen ueber dem Umfang. Aus dem vorlaeufig negativen Ergebnis der numerischen Arbeiten wurden jedoch wichtige Erkenntnisse fuer weiterfuehrende Arbeiten gewonnen: Die ueber den Umfang nicht konstanten

A new 100-m Digital Elevation Model of the Antarctic Peninsula derived from ASTER Global DEM: methods and accuracy assessment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. J. Cook

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A high resolution surface topography Digital Elevation Model (DEM is required to underpin studies of the complex glacier system on the Antarctic Peninsula. A complete DEM with better than 200 m pixel size and high positional and vertical accuracy would enable mapping of all significant glacial basins and provide a dataset for glacier morphology analyses. No currently available DEM meets these specifications. We present a new 100-m DEM of the Antarctic Peninsula (63–70° S, based on ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM data. The raw GDEM products are of high-quality on the rugged terrain and coastal-regions of the Antarctic Peninsula and have good geospatial accuracy, but they also contain large errors on ice-covered terrain and we seek to minimise these artefacts. Conventional data correction techniques do not work so we have developed a method that significantly improves the dataset, smoothing the erroneous regions and hence creating a DEM with a pixel size of 100 m that will be suitable for many glaciological applications. We evaluate the new DEM using ICESat-derived elevations, and perform horizontal and vertical accuracy assessments based on GPS positions, SPOT-5 DEMs and the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA imagery. The new DEM has a mean elevation difference of −4 m (± 25 m RMSE from ICESat (compared to −13 m mean and ±97 m RMSE for the original ASTER GDEM, and a horizontal error of less than 2 pixels, although elevation accuracies are lower on mountain peaks and steep-sided slopes. The correction method significantly reduces errors on low relief slopes and therefore the DEM can be regarded as suitable for topographical studies such as measuring the geometry and ice flow properties of glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula. The DEM is available for download from the NSIDC website: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0516.html (Fusion of space-borne multi-baseline and multi-frequency interferometric results based on extended Kalman filter to generate high quality DEMs

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiaojie; Zeng, Qiming; Jiao, Jian; Zhang, Jingfa

2016-01-01

Repeat-pass Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a technique that can be used to generate DEMs. But the accuracy of InSAR is greatly limited by geometrical distortions, atmospheric effect, and decorrelations, particularly in mountainous areas, such as western China where no high quality DEM has so far been accomplished. Since each of InSAR DEMs generated using data of different frequencies and baselines has their own advantages and disadvantages, it is therefore very potential to overcome some of the limitations of InSAR by fusing Multi-baseline and Multi-frequency Interferometric Results (MMIRs). This paper proposed a fusion method based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which takes the InSAR-derived DEMs as states in prediction step and the flattened interferograms as observations in control step to generate the final fused DEM. Before the fusion, detection of layover and shadow regions, low-coherence regions and regions with large height error is carried out because MMIRs in these regions are believed to be unreliable and thereafter are excluded. The whole processing flow is tested with TerraSAR-X and Envisat ASAR datasets. Finally, the fused DEM is validated with ASTER GDEM and national standard DEM of China. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective even in low coherence areas.

Analysis of the current cost situation of wind power in Germany; Untersuchungen der aktuellen Kostensituation der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rehfeldt, K. [Deutsches Windenergie-Inst. Sucursal en Espana, Pamplona (Spain); Schwenk, B. [InnoVent GmbH, Varel (Germany)

2000-07-01

Against the background of the discussion concerning the Reimbursement Act (StrEG) and the draft Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), the Bundesverband Windenergie e.V. (BWE) asked the Deutsches Windenergie-Institut (DEWI) to investigate the current cost situation of wind power in Germany. This involved a statistics of wind power generation cost over a period of 20 years. The data were obtained from wind power system operators, technical experts, producers of wind power systems and insurance companies. It was found that especially the cost of component replacement was higher than expected, so that long component life must be one of the main goals in the further development of wind power systems. According to the technical experts, component life today is much less than the rated life of 20 years. [German] Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion um das Stromeinspeisegesetz (StrEG) bzw. des Neuentwurfs zum Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) wurde das Deutsche Windenergie-Institut (DEWI) vom Bundesverband Windenergie e.V. (BWE) beauftragt, eine Studie ueber die aktuelle Kostensituation in Deutschland zu erarbeiten. Erstmals wurden hierbei Stromerzeugungskosten aus Windenergieanlagen (WEA) ueber einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren ermittelt. Hierbei wurden Umfrageergebnisse von Betreibern von WEA, technischen Sachverstaendigen sowie von Herstellern von WEA und Versicherungsgesellschaften verwendet, um belastbare Aussagen ueber Betriebskosten und notwendige Ersatzinvestitionen zu erhalten. Insbesondere die Aussagen ueber notwendige Ersatzinvestitionen durch die technischen Sachverstaendigen waren hoeher als erwartet, so dass es in Zukunft Ziel sein muss, insbesondere bei der Weiterentwicklung von WEA auf wesentlich laengere Lebensdauern der Bauteilkomponenten von WEA zu draengen. Nach Aussage der technischen Sachverstaendigen liegen bisher die Lebensdauern wesentlicher Bauteile der WEA, wie Rotor, Bremssystem, Pitchregelung usw., weit unter der kalkulierten Lebensdauer von 20 Jahren

Evaluating DEM results with FEM perspectives of load : soil interaction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tadesse, D.

2004-01-01

Keywords: Load - soil interaction, soil structure, soil mechanical properties, FEM (Finite Element Method), Plaxis (Finite Element Code), granular particles, shear stress, DEM (Distinct Element Method),

VT Lidar Hydro-flattened DEM (0.7 meter) - 2015 - Windham County

Data.gov (United States)

Vermont Center for Geographic Information — (Link to Metadata) This metadata applies to the following collection area(s): Windham County 2015 0.7m and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dataset of the following...

All you need is shape: Predicting shear banding in sand with LS-DEM

Science.gov (United States)

Kawamoto, Reid; Andò, Edward; Viggiani, Gioacchino; Andrade, José E.

2018-02-01

This paper presents discrete element method (DEM) simulations with experimental comparisons at multiple length scales-underscoring the crucial role of particle shape. The simulations build on technological advances in the DEM furnished by level sets (LS-DEM), which enable the mathematical representation of the surface of arbitrarily-shaped particles such as grains of sand. We show that this ability to model shape enables unprecedented capture of the mechanics of granular materials across scales ranging from macroscopic behavior to local behavior to particle behavior. Specifically, the model is able to predict the onset and evolution of shear banding in sands, replicating the most advanced high-fidelity experiments in triaxial compression equipped with sequential X-ray tomography imaging. We present comparisons of the model and experiment at an unprecedented level of quantitative agreement-building a one-to-one model where every particle in the more than 53,000-particle array has its own avatar or numerical twin. Furthermore, the boundary conditions of the experiment are faithfully captured by modeling the membrane effect as well as the platen displacement and tilting. The results show a computational tool that can give insight into the physics and mechanics of granular materials undergoing shear deformation and failure, with computational times comparable to those of the experiment. One quantitative measure that is extracted from the LS-DEM simulations that is currently not available experimentally is the evolution of three dimensional force chains inside and outside of the shear band. We show that the rotations on the force chains are correlated to the rotations in stress principal directions.

Diagnostic of the temperature and differential emission measure (DEM based on Hinode/XRT data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Rudawy

2008-10-01

Full Text Available We discuss here various methodologies and an optimal strategy of the temperature and emission measure diagnostics based on Hinode X-Ray Telescope data. As an example of our results we present the determination of the temperature distribution of the X-rays emitting plasma using a filters ratio method and three various methods of the calculation of the differential emission measure (DEM. We have found that all these methods give results similar to the two filters ratio method. Additionally, all methods of the DEM calculation gave similar solutions. We can state that the majority of the pairs of the Hinode filters allows one to derive the temperature and emission measure in the isothermal plasma approximation using standard diagnostics based on the two filters ratio method. In cases of strong flares one can also expect good conformity of the results obtained using a Withbroe – Sylwester, genetic algorithm and least-squares methods of the DEM evaluation.

Combined SDO/AIA, Hinode/XRT and FOXSI-2 microflare observations - DEM analysis and energetics

Science.gov (United States)

Panchapakesan, S. A.; Glesener, L.; Vievering, J. T.; Ryan, D.; Christe, S.; Inglis, A. R.; Buitrago-Casas, J. C.; Musset, S.; Krucker, S.

2017-12-01

The Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) sounding rocket makes directimaging and spectral observation of the Sun in hard X-rays (HXRs) using highlysensitive focusing HXR optics. The second flight of FOXSI was launchedsuccessfully on 11 December 2014 and observed significant HXR emissions duringmicroflares. Some of these flares showed heating up to severalmillion Kelvin and were visible in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) with the AtmosphericImaging Assembly (SDO/AIA). Spectral observations from FOXSI suggest emission upto 10-12 MK. We utilize SDO/AIA EUV, Hinode/XRT soft X-ray, and FOXSI-2 highenergy X-ray observations to derive the differential emission measure (DEM) ofthe microflares. The AIA and XRT observations provide broad temperaturecoverage but are poorly constrained at the hotter end. We therefore use FOXSI-2to better determine the high temperature component, thus producing a moreconstrained DEM than is possible with typically available observations. We usethis more highly constrained DEM to investigate the energetics of the observedmicroflares.

3D DEM analyses of the 1963 Vajont rock slide

Science.gov (United States)

Boon, Chia Weng; Houlsby, Guy; Utili, Stefano

2013-04-01

The 1963 Vajont rock slide has been modelled using the distinct element method (DEM). The open-source DEM code, YADE (Kozicki & Donzé, 2008), was used together with the contact detection algorithm proposed by Boon et al. (2012). The critical sliding friction angle at the slide surface was sought using a strength reduction approach. A shear-softening contact model was used to model the shear resistance of the clayey layer at the slide surface. The results suggest that the critical sliding friction angle can be conservative if stability analyses are calculated based on the peak friction angles. The water table was assumed to be horizontal and the pore pressure at the clay layer was assumed to be hydrostatic. The influence of reservoir filling was marginal, increasing the sliding friction angle by only 1.6˚. The results of the DEM calculations were found to be sensitive to the orientations of the bedding planes and cross-joints. Finally, the failure mechanism was investigated and arching was found to be present at the bend of the chair-shaped slope. References Boon C.W., Houlsby G.T., Utili S. (2012). A new algorithm for contact detection between convex polygonal and polyhedral particles in the discrete element method. Computers and Geotechnics, vol 44, 73-82, doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.03.012. Kozicki, J., & Donzé, F. V. (2008). A new open-source software developed for numerical simulations using discrete modeling methods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 197(49-50), 4429-4443.

DEM Simulation of Biaxial Compression Experiments of Inherently Anisotropic Granular Materials and the Boundary Effects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhao-Xia Tong

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The reliability of discrete element method (DEM numerical simulations is significantly dependent on the particle-scale parameters and boundary conditions. To verify the DEM models, two series of biaxial compression tests on ellipse-shaped steel rods are used. The comparisons on the stress-strain relationship, strength, and deformation pattern of experiments and simulations indicate that the DEM models are able to capture the key macro- and micromechanical behavior of inherently anisotropic granular materials with high fidelity. By using the validated DEM models, the boundary effects on the macrodeformation, strain localization, and nonuniformity of stress distribution inside the specimens are investigated using two rigid boundaries and one flexible boundary. The results demonstrate that the boundary condition plays a significant role on the stress-strain relationship and strength of granular materials with inherent fabric anisotropy if the stresses are calculated by the force applied on the wall. However, the responses of the particle assembly measured inside the specimens are almost the same with little influence from the boundary conditions. The peak friction angle obtained from the compression tests with flexible boundary represents the real friction angle of particle assembly. Due to the weak lateral constraints, the degree of stress nonuniformity under flexible boundary is higher than that under rigid boundary.

Effect of DEM resolution and comparison between different weighting factors for hydrologic connectivity index

Science.gov (United States)

Cantreul, Vincent; Cavalli, Marco; Degré, Aurore

2016-04-01

The emerging concept of hydrological connectivity is difficult to quantify. Some indices have been proposed. The most cited is Borselli's one. It mainly uses the DEM as input. The pixel size may strongly impacts the result of the calculation. It has not been studied yet in silty areas. Another important aspect is the choice of the weighting factor which strongly influences the index value. The objective of this poster is so to compare 8 different DEM's resolutions (12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 204, 504 and 996cm) and 3 different weighting factors (factor C of Wischmeier, Manning's factor and rugosity index) in the Borselli's index calculation. The IC was calculated in a 124ha catchment (Hevillers), in the loess belt, in Belgium. The DEM used is coming from a UAV with a maximum resolution of 12 cm. Permanent covered surfaces are not considered in order to avoid artefact due to the vegetation (2% of the surface). Regarding the DEM pixel size, the IC increases for a given pixel when the pixel size decreases. That confirms some results observed in the Alpine region by Cavalli (2014). The mean difference between 12 cm and 10 m resolution is 35% with higher values up to 100% for higher connectivity zones (flow paths). Another result is the lower impact of connections in the watershed (grass strips…) at lower pixel sizes. This is linked to the small width of some connections which are sometimes comparing to cell size. Furthermore, a great loss of precision is observed from the 500 cm pixel size and upper. That remark is quite intuitive. Finally, some very well disconnected zones appear for the highest resolutions. Regarding the weighting factor, IC values calculated using C factor are lower than with the rugosity index which is only a topographic factor. With very high resolution DEM, it permits to represent the fine topography. For the C factor, the zones up to very well disconnected areas (grass strips, wood…) are well represented with lower index values than downstream

MR imaging of gastric wall layers in vitro: correlation to the histologic wall structure; Experimentelle Darstellung der Schichten der Magenwand mittels MRT: Korrelation mit dem histologischen Wandaufbau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lubienski, A.; Grenacher, L.; Schipp, A.; Duex, M. [Radiologische Klinik, Abt. Radiodiagnostik, Ruprecht-Karls-Univ. Heidelberg (Germany); Reith, W. [Abt. fuer Neuroradiologie der Radiologischen Universitaetsklinik, Univ. Saarland (Germany); Mechtersheimer, G. [Inst. fuer Allgemeine Pathologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Univ. Heidelberg (Germany)

2002-04-01

vier Magenwandschichten auf den MR-Bildern voneinander differenziert werden. Der direkte Vergleich dieser Magenwandschichten mit den korrespondierenden histologischen Schnitten ergab von lumenseitig betrachtet folgende Korrelation: 1. Schicht: intermediaeres Signal - Mukosa, 2. Schicht: hypointenses Signal - Lamina muscularis mucosae, 3. Schicht: hyperintenses Signal - Submukosa, 4. Schicht: intermediaeres Signal - Muscularis propria. Schlussfolgerungen: Magnetresonanztomographisch sichtbare Magenwandschichten wurden dem anatomischen Wandaufbau des Magens mit Erfolg zugeordnet. Damit besteht erstmals die Moeglichkeit, die Tiefeninfiltration eines Magenkarzinoms mit Hilfe hochaufgeloester MR-Aufnahmen zu beurteilen. Diese Einschaetzung gilt ausdruecklich nicht fuer die Subserosa und Serosa, da ueber die Darstellbarkeit dieser sehr variablen Wandschichten durch die MRT noch keine Aussage zu treffen ist. (orig.)

Digital Elevation Model (DEM), DEM data are useful for terrain analysis and modeling including slope and aspect calculations. They may be used to produced shaded relief maps and contour maps., Published in 2001, 1:24000 (1in=2000ft) scale, Louisiana State University (LSU).

Data.gov (United States)

NSGIC Education | GIS Inventory — Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dataset current as of 2001. DEM data are useful for terrain analysis and modeling including slope and aspect calculations. They may be...

The EVE plus RHESSI DEM for Solar Flares, and Implications for Residual Non-Thermal X-Ray Emission

Science.gov (United States)

McTiernan, James; Caspi, Amir; Warren, Harry

2016-05-01

Solar flare spectra are typically dominated by thermal emission in the soft X-ray energy range. The low energy extent of non-thermal emission can only be loosely quantified using currently available X-ray data. To address this issue, we combine observations from the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) with X-ray data from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) to calculate the Differential Emission Measure (DEM) for solar flares. This improvement over the isothermal approximation helps to resolve the ambiguity in the range where the thermal and non-thermal components may have similar photon fluxes. This "crossover" range can extend up to 30 keV.Previous work (Caspi et.al. 2014ApJ...788L..31C) concentrated on obtaining DEM models that fit both instruments' observations well. For this current project we are interested in breaks and cutoffs in the "residual" non-thermal spectrum; i.e., the RHESSI spectrum that is left over after the DEM has accounted for the bulk of the soft X-ray emission. As in our earlier work, thermal emission is modeled using a DEM that is parametrized as multiple gaussians in temperature. Non-thermal emission is modeled as a photon spectrum obtained using a thin-target emission model ('thin2' from the SolarSoft Xray IDL package). Spectra for both instruments are fit simultaneously in a self-consistent manner.For this study, we have examined the DEM and non-thermal resuidual emission for a sample of relatively large (GOES M class and above) solar flares observed from 2011 to 2014. The results for the DEM and non-thermal parameters found using the combined EVE-RHESSI data are compared with those found using only RHESSI data.

Effect of aging in HDPE blended with DEM in decalin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, P.; Albano, C.; Karam, A.; Vargas, M.G.; Perera, R.

2006-01-01

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to study the effect of aging on irradiated samples of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blended with diethyl maleate (DEM) in different proportions. Initially, we synthesize the HDPE using bis-(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride and P-MAO. The functionalization of the synthesized HDPE was carried out in a 10% weight/vol of polyethylene in decalin solution using different percentages of diethyl maleate (5, 10, 15 and 30% in weight). The samples were irradiated at 5, 15 and 30 kGy. An exponential decay in the total free radicals concentration was observed in the pure HDPE sample at the 15 and 30 kGy irradiation doses, as it was expected. For the 15 and 30 kGy irradiation doses the HDPE blended with 15 and 30% of DEM in decalin shows an increase in the total free radical concentrations as the storage time is increased. This behavior has been interpreted in terms of trapped free radicals. (Author)

Parallel Resolved Open Source CFD-DEM: Method, Validation and Application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Hager

2014-03-01

Full Text Available In the following paper the authors present a fully parallelized Open Source method for calculating the interaction of immersed bodies and surrounding fluid. A combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD and a discrete element method (DEM accounts for the physics of both the fluid and the particles. The objects considered are relatively big compared to the cells of the fluid mesh, i.e. they cover several cells each. Thus this fictitious domain method (FDM is called resolved. The implementation is realized within the Open Source framework CFDEMcOupling (www.cfdem.com, which provides an interface between OpenFOAM® based CFD-solvers and the DEM software LIGGGHTS (www.liggghts.com. While both LIGGGHTS and OpenFOAM® were already parallelized, only a recent improvement of the algorithm permits the fully parallel computation of resolved problems. Alongside with a detailed description of the method, its implementation and recent improvements, a number of application and validation examples is presented in the scope of this paper.

Influence on components of EU directives; Einfluss von EG-Richtlinien auf Komponenten. Einfluss der EG-Druckgeraeterichtlinie (97/23/EG) auf die Komponenten eines Kernkraftwerks vom Typ Konvoi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kreckel, D. [Siemens AG, Bereich Energieerzeugung (KWU), Offenbach (Germany)

1998-11-01

Convoy-type nuclear power plant maintenance is subject to the specifications contained in the Technical Rules, as dated in the Annex, on the basis of the operating permits issued under Sec. 7 of the German Atomic Energy Act. The introduction of the Single European Market and the adoption of European directives in the field of equipment safety have influenced, and will continue to influence, the national legislative structure. Changes affecting convoy-type nuclear power plants can be found in the applicable laws and directives, such as the Atomic Energy Act, the Industrial Code, and in new regulations, such as the Equipment Safety Act with its associated ordinances, and the applicable engineered safeguards rules, such as KTA, AD, VdTUeV, VDI. Moreover, the generally recognized state of the art as laid down in DIN, SEL, SEW publications is subject to permanent European harmonization and, consequently, comprehensive national reorganization. These boundary conditions can be upheld only if the specifications about the advancing state of the art specified in the operating permits are put into effect painstakingly. The profile of requirements contained in these specifications must be aligned to the new situation in Germany (dominated by Europe) with the licensing authority and the competent expert consultant within the supervisory procedure for operation under the Atomic Energy Act. The situation described here for the modern convoy-type nuclear power plants must be extrapolated also to older nuclear power plants, albeit subject to a supplementary adaptation to the respective licensing situation. (orig.) [Deutsch] Fuer die Instanhaltung der Konvoi-Kernkraftwerke gelten die Spezifikationen mit dem in den Anhaengen datierten Stand der Technischen Regeln gemaess der auf Basis des AtG Paragraph 7 erteilten Betriebsgenehmigungen. Mit der Einfuehrung des Europaeischen Binnenmarktes und Verabschiedung Europaeischer Richtlinien auf dem Sektor der Geraetesicherheit wurde und wird

GPU based contouring method on grid DEM data

Science.gov (United States)

Tan, Liheng; Wan, Gang; Li, Feng; Chen, Xiaohui; Du, Wenlong

2017-08-01

This paper presents a novel method to generate contour lines from grid DEM data based on the programmable GPU pipeline. The previous contouring approaches often use CPU to construct a finite element mesh from the raw DEM data, and then extract contour segments from the elements. They also need a tracing or sorting strategy to generate the final continuous contours. These approaches can be heavily CPU-costing and time-consuming. Meanwhile the generated contours would be unsmooth if the raw data is sparsely distributed. Unlike the CPU approaches, we employ the GPU's vertex shader to generate a triangular mesh with arbitrary user-defined density, in which the height of each vertex is calculated through a third-order Cardinal spline function. Then in the same frame, segments are extracted from the triangles by the geometry shader, and translated to the CPU-side with an internal order in the GPU's transform feedback stage. Finally we propose a "Grid Sorting" algorithm to achieve the continuous contour lines by travelling the segments only once. Our method makes use of multiple stages of GPU pipeline for computation, which can generate smooth contour lines, and is significantly faster than the previous CPU approaches. The algorithm can be easily implemented with OpenGL 3.3 API or higher on consumer-level PCs.

Emission factors and chemical characterisation of fine particulate emissions from modern and old residential biomass heating systems determined for typical load cycles; Emissionsfaktoren und chemische Charakterisierung von Feinstaubemissionen moderner und alter Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungen ueber typische Tageslastverlaeufe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kelz, Joachim [BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Graz (Austria); Brunner, Thomas; Obernberger, Ingwald [BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Graz (Austria); Technische Universitaet Graz, Institut fuer Prozess- und Partikeltechnik, Graz (Austria); BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH, Graz (Austria)

2012-12-15

concerning gaseous and PM emissions of different old and modern biomass combustion systems over whole day operation cycles are now available. Derived from these data, correlations between burnout quality, particulate emissions as well as particle composition of the PM emissions can be deduced. (orig.) [German] Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass es signifikante Unterschiede bezueglich partikelfoermiger Emissionen von modernen und alten sowie automatisch und nicht automatisch geregelten Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungsanlagen gibt. Die Unterschiede beziehen sich einerseits auf die Hoehe der Partikelemission und andererseits auf deren chemische Zusammensetzung. Um Emissionsfaktoren fuer partikelfoermige Emissionen ueber typische realitaetsnahe Tageslastverlaeufe zu bestimmen und die Feinstaubemissionen chemisch zu charakterisieren, wurde ein Projekt an der BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Graz, Oesterreich, in Kooperation mit dem Institut fuer Prozess- und Partikeltechnik, Technische Universitaet Graz, Oesterreich, initiiert. Fuenf moderne, dem aktuellen Stand der Technik entsprechende, Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungen sowie zwei Altanlagen, die den aktuellen Anlagenbestand widerspiegeln, wurden im Zuge von Testlaeufen an einem Teststand untersucht. Dabei wurden alle relevanten Betriebsparameter der Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungen sowie die im Zuge des Verbrennungsprozesses entstehenden gas- und partikelfoermigen Emissionen kontinuierlich gemessen und aufgezeichnet. Des Weiteren wurden Partikelemissionsproben gezogen und anschliessend chemisch analysiert. Fuer die Testlaeufe wurden typische Tageslastverlaeufe, die den Betrieb dieser Feuerungen in der Praxis abbilden, beruecksichtigt. Dabei wurde zwischen automatisch beschickten und automatisch geregelten Kesseln, manuell beschickten und automatisch geregelten Kesseln sowie manuell beschickten Naturzugoefen unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen deutlichen Zusammenhang zwischen den gasfoermigen Emissionen, die durch unvollstaendigen Gasphasenausbrand (CO- und org

FEM × DEM: a new efficient multi-scale approach for geotechnical problems with strain localization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nguyen Trung Kien

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The paper presents a multi-scale modeling of Boundary Value Problem (BVP approach involving cohesive-frictional granular materials in the FEM × DEM multi-scale framework. On the DEM side, a 3D model is defined based on the interactions of spherical particles. This DEM model is built through a numerical homogenization process applied to a Volume Element (VE. It is then paired with a Finite Element code. Using this numerical tool that combines two scales within the same framework, we conducted simulations of biaxial and pressuremeter tests on a cohesive-frictional granular medium. In these cases, it is known that strain localization does occur at the macroscopic level, but since FEMs suffer from severe mesh dependency as soon as shear band starts to develop, the second gradient regularization technique has been used. As a consequence, the objectivity of the computation with respect to mesh dependency is restored.

Parallelizing flow-accumulation calculations on graphics processing units—From iterative DEM preprocessing algorithm to recursive multiple-flow-direction algorithm

Science.gov (United States)

Qin, Cheng-Zhi; Zhan, Lijun

2012-06-01

As one of the important tasks in digital terrain analysis, the calculation of flow accumulations from gridded digital elevation models (DEMs) usually involves two steps in a real application: (1) using an iterative DEM preprocessing algorithm to remove the depressions and flat areas commonly contained in real DEMs, and (2) using a recursive flow-direction algorithm to calculate the flow accumulation for every cell in the DEM. Because both algorithms are computationally intensive, quick calculation of the flow accumulations from a DEM (especially for a large area) presents a practical challenge to personal computer (PC) users. In recent years, rapid increases in hardware capacity of the graphics processing units (GPUs) provided in modern PCs have made it possible to meet this challenge in a PC environment. Parallel computing on GPUs using a compute-unified-device-architecture (CUDA) programming model has been explored to speed up the execution of the single-flow-direction algorithm (SFD). However, the parallel implementation on a GPU of the multiple-flow-direction (MFD) algorithm, which generally performs better than the SFD algorithm, has not been reported. Moreover, GPU-based parallelization of the DEM preprocessing step in the flow-accumulation calculations has not been addressed. This paper proposes a parallel approach to calculate flow accumulations (including both iterative DEM preprocessing and a recursive MFD algorithm) on a CUDA-compatible GPU. For the parallelization of an MFD algorithm (MFD-md), two different parallelization strategies using a GPU are explored. The first parallelization strategy, which has been used in the existing parallel SFD algorithm on GPU, has the problem of computing redundancy. Therefore, we designed a parallelization strategy based on graph theory. The application results show that the proposed parallel approach to calculate flow accumulations on a GPU performs much faster than either sequential algorithms or other parallel GPU

Evaluating the Quality and Accuracy of TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Models at Archaeological Sites in the Cilician Plain, Turkey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Erasmi

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Satellite remote sensing provides a powerful instrument for mapping and monitoring traces of historical settlements and infrastructure, not only in distant areas and crisis regions. It helps archaeologists to embed their findings from field surveys into the broader context of the landscape. With the start of the TanDEM-X mission, spatially explicit 3D-information is available to researchers at an unprecedented resolution worldwide. We examined different experimental TanDEM-X digital elevation models (DEM that were processed from two different imaging modes (Stripmap/High Resolution Spotlight using the operational alternating bistatic acquisition mode. The quality and accuracy of the experimental DEM products was compared to other available DEM products and a high precision archaeological field survey. The results indicate the potential of TanDEM-X Stripmap (SM data for mapping surface elements at regional scale. For the alluvial plain of Cilicia, a suspected palaeochannel could be reconstructed. At the local scale, DEM products from TanDEM-X High Resolution Spotlight (HS mode were processed at 2 m spatial resolution using a merge of two monostatic/bistatic interferograms. The absolute and relative vertical accuracy of the outcome meet the specification of high resolution elevation data (HRE standards from the National System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG at the HRE20 level.

Coordinated subprojects of the Austrian forest damage monitoring system; Koordinierte Teilprojekte des Oesterr. Waldschaden-Beobachtungssystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pollanschuetz, J

1993-12-31

Any actions to preserve nature as the base of our survival needs to rely on knowledge about the condition of ecosystems and their `evolutionary` trends. A monitoring system ensuring timely detection of a critical `evolution` of forests as sensitive bio-indicators is an absolute must when addressing the global threat to our living environment. The Austrian forest damage monitoring system addresses this task. It involves subprojects and interdisciplinary studies integrated within this biomonitoring system to enhance our knowledge about and detection capabilities for forest diseases and injuries. (orig.) [Deutsch] Massnahmen zur Bewahrung der Natur als Lebensgrundlage setzen das Wissen ueber den Zustand der Oekosysteme und Kenntnisse ueber deren Entwicklung voraus. Ein Ueberwachungssystem das rechtzeitig kritische Entwicklung am sensiblen Bioindikator Wald erkennen laesst, ist angesichts der Anzeichen einer globalen Bedrohung der belebten Umwelt eine zwingende Selbstverstaendlichkeit. Mit dem Waldschaden-Beobachtungssystem wird diesen Aufgabenstellungen Rechnung getragen. Durch die in diesem Biomonitoring-System integrierten Teilprojekte und interdisziplinaeren Untersuchungen wird auch ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Erkennung von Ursachen fuer Waldschaeden und Waldkrankheiten geleistet. (orig.)

Large-baseline InSAR for precise topographic mapping: a framework for TanDEM-X large-baseline data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Pinheiro

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The global Digital Elevation Model (DEM resulting from the TanDEM-X mission provides information about the world topography with outstanding precision. In fact, performance analysis carried out with the already available data have shown that the global product is well within the requirements of 10 m absolute vertical accuracy and 2 m relative vertical accuracy for flat to moderate terrain. The mission's science phase took place from October 2014 to December 2015. During this phase, bistatic acquisitions with across-track separation between the two satellites up to 3.6 km at the equator were commanded. Since the relative vertical accuracy of InSAR derived elevation models is, in principle, inversely proportional to the system baseline, the TanDEM-X science phase opened the doors for the generation of elevation models with improved quality with respect to the standard product. However, the interferometric processing of the large-baseline data is troublesome due to the increased volume decorrelation and very high frequency of the phase variations. Hence, in order to fully profit from the increased baseline, sophisticated algorithms for the interferometric processing, and, in particular, for the phase unwrapping have to be considered. This paper proposes a novel dual-baseline region-growing framework for the phase unwrapping of the large-baseline interferograms. Results from two experiments with data from the TanDEM-X science phase are discussed, corroborating the expected increased level of detail of the large-baseline DEMs.

Development of a LiDAR derived digital elevation model (DEM) as Input to a METRANS geographic information system (GIS).

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-01

This report describes an assessment of digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from : LiDAR data for a subset of the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. A methodology : based on Monte Carlo simulation was applied to investigate the accuracy of DEMs ...

Drainage network extraction from a high-resolution DEM using parallel programming in the .NET Framework

Science.gov (United States)

Du, Chao; Ye, Aizhong; Gan, Yanjun; You, Jinjun; Duan, Qinyun; Ma, Feng; Hou, Jingwen

2017-12-01

High-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) can be used to extract high-accuracy prerequisite drainage networks. A higher resolution represents a larger number of grids. With an increase in the number of grids, the flow direction determination will require substantial computer resources and computing time. Parallel computing is a feasible method with which to resolve this problem. In this paper, we proposed a parallel programming method within the .NET Framework with a C# Compiler in a Windows environment. The basin is divided into sub-basins, and subsequently the different sub-basins operate on multiple threads concurrently to calculate flow directions. The method was applied to calculate the flow direction of the Yellow River basin from 3 arc-second resolution SRTM DEM. Drainage networks were extracted and compared with HydroSHEDS river network to assess their accuracy. The results demonstrate that this method can calculate the flow direction from high-resolution DEMs efficiently and extract high-precision continuous drainage networks.

Flow Dynamics of green sand in the DISAMATIC moulding process using Discrete element method (DEM)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hovad, E; Walther, J H; Thorborg, J; Hattel, J H; Larsen, P

2015-01-01

The DISAMATIC casting process production of sand moulds is simulated with DEM (discrete element method). The main purpose is to simulate the dynamics of the flow of green sand, during the production of the sand mould with DEM. The sand shot is simulated, which is the first stage of the DISAMATIC casting process. Depending on the actual casting geometry the mould can be geometrically quite complex involving e.g. shadowing effects and this is directly reflected in the sand flow during the moulding process. In the present work a mould chamber with “ribs” at the walls is chosen as a baseline geometry to emulate some of these important conditions found in the real moulding process. The sand flow is simulated with the DEM and compared with corresponding video footages from the interior of the chamber during the moulding process. The effect of the rolling resistance and the static friction coefficient is analysed and discussed in relation to the experimental findings. (paper)

Landsat 5 TM images and DEM in lithologic mapping of Payen Volcanic Field (Mendoza Province, Argentina)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fornaciai, A.; Bisson, M.; Mazzarini, F.; Del Carlo, P.; Pasquare, G.

2009-01-01

Satellite image such as Landsat 5 TM scene provides excellent representation of Earth and synoptic view of large geographic areas in different band combination. Landsat TM images allow automatic and semi-automatic classification of land cover, nevertheless the software frequently may some difficulties in distinguishing between similar radiometric surfaces. In this case, the use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) can be an important tool to identify different surface covers. In this study, several False Color Composite (FCC) of Landsat 5 TM Image, DEM and the respective draped image of them, were used to delineate lithological boundaries and tectonic features of regional significance of the Paven Volcanic Field (PVF). PFV is a Quaternary fissural structure belonging to the black-arc extensional areas of the Andes in the Mendoza Province (Argentina) characterized by many composite basaltic lava flow fields. The necessity to identify different lava flows with the same composition, and then with same spectral features, allows to highlight the improvement of synergic use of TM images and shaded DEM in the visual interpretation. Information obtained from Satellite data and DEM have been compared with previous geological maps and transferred into a topographical base map. Based on these data a new lithological map at 1:100.000 scale has been presented [it

Carry-over of plant protection agents through wet deposition on the Kleine Feldberg/Taunus; Eintrag von Pflanzenschutzmitteln durch nasse Deposition auf dem Kleinen Feldberg/Taunus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gath, B. [Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet, Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Jaeschke, W. [Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet, Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Kubiak, R. [Landes-Lehr- und Forschungsanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft, Weinbau und Gartenbau, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse (Germany); Ricker, I. [Battelle Europe Battelle-Institut e.V., Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Schmider, F. [BASF AG, Landwirtschaftliche Versuchsstation, Limburgerhof (Germany); Zietz, E. [Battelle Europe Battelle-Institut e.V., Frankfurt am Main (Germany)

1993-11-01

On the Feldberg and at two more sites precipitation samples were taken and analysed for selected pesticides (Lindan, Isoproturon, Triadimenol, Pirimicarb, Parathion-ethyl and atrazine). Bulk samplers (acc. to Daemmgen) were used in 14-day intervals. At two stations wet-only samplers were used in addition to the bulk samplers. Parathion-ethyl, Pirimicarb and Triadimenol were only found in single cases only. Distinct annual curves could be established for atrazin and isoproturon, they are shown in desposition charts. Only Lindan was detectable all year round. Concentrations were between 3 and 300 ng l{sup {minus}1}. Annual curves show good correlation with application periods of the individual substances. In general the annual mean value of the concentrations are below 50 ng l{sup {minus}1}. The share of dry deposition depends on substance and weather and account roughly for 10-20% of total deposition. (orig./EW) [Deutsch] Auf dem Feldberg sowie an zwei weiteren Messstandorten wurden parallel Niederschlagsproben genommen und auf ausgewaehlte Pestizide (Lindan, Isoproturon, Triadimenol, Pirimicarb, Parathion-ethyl und Atrazin) untersucht. Die Probenahme erfolgte in bulk-Sammlern nach Daemmgen in 14-Tage Intervallen. An zwei Stationen wurden parallel zu den bulk-Sammlern auch wet-only Sammler betrieben. Parathion-ethyl, Pirimicarb und Triadimenol konnten nur vereinzelt nachgewiesen werden. Von Atrazin und Isoproturon wurden ausgepraegte Jahresgaenge ermittelt und in Depositionsgraphiken dargestellt. Lediglich Lindan war nahezu das ganze Jahr ueber nachweisbar. Die gemessenen Konzentrationen lagen zwischen 3 und 300 ng 1{sup -1}. Die dargestellten Jahresgaenge korrelieren gut mit den jeweiligen Anwendungszeitraeumen der einzelnen Substanzen. Insgesamt liegen die gemessenen Konzentrationen im Jahresmittel unter 50 ngl{sup -1}. Der Beitrag der trockenen Deposition ist substanz- und wetterabhaengig und macht etwa 10-20% der Gesamtdeposition aus. (orig.)

Guidelines for indirect radionuclide cystography; Empfehlungen zur Durchfuehrung der indirekten Radionuklidzystographie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gordon, I. [Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London (United Kingdom); Piepsz, A. [CHU St. Pierre, Brussels (Belgium); Colarinha, P. [Instituto Portugues de Oncologia, Lisbon (Portugal); Hahn, K.; Fischer, S. [LMU Muenchen (Germany). Klinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Olivier, P. [CHU Brabois, Nancy (France); Sixt, R.; Velzen, J. van [The Queen Silvia Children' s Hospital, Goeteborg (Sweden)

2000-11-01

The guidelines are intended to help nuclear medical teams in their daily routine. The guidelines give information relating to indications, data acquisition, data analysis and interpretation. They express the opinions of the Paediatric Committee of EANM, and have been adjusted for compliance with standards and procedures adopted in Europe. (orig./CB) [German] Zweck dieser Leitlinie ist es, dem nuklearmedizinischen Team Hilfestellung fuer die taegliche Routinepraxis zu geben. Diese Leitlinie enthaelt Informationen ueber Indikationen, Datenakquisition, Auswertung und Interpretation der indirekten Radionuklidzystographie (IRC). Diese Leitlinie, die die Meinungen des Paediatric Committee der EANM zusammenfasst, wurde jedoch in Teilbereichen der Europaeischen Vorgehensweise angepasst. (orig.)

Building automation - synthesis of the past and present; Gebaeudeautomation - Synthese aus Vergangenheit und Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fassbender, H.W. [Honeywell AG, Maintal (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 13 of the anthology about building control the historical development in the field of building automation is described. The following aspects are discussed: The development from central process control technique for buildings to building automation, synthesis of DDC-technique and process control technique, technology of the automation and management level. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 13 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der geschichtlichen Entwicklung der Gebaeudeautomation gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf folgende Themen eingegangen: Von der ZLT-G zur Gebaeudeautomation; Gebaeudeautomation, die Synthese von DDC und Leittechnik; Technologien der Automationsebene sowie der Managementebene. (BWI)

Cabling in buildings -neutrally applicable, structured. Domination of the future multitude of data; Gebaeudeverkabelung - anwendungsneutral, strukturiert. Beherrschung der Datenmengen von morgen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oehler, A.M. [Fachhochschule Reutlingen (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 19 of the anthology about building control neutrally applicable and structured cabling in buildings is described. The aim is to dominate the future multitude of data. The following aspects are discussed: demands on neutrally applicable cabling, neutrally applicable cabling topology, neutrally applicable media, Integrated Communications Cabling System. (orig.) [Deutsch] Kapitel 19 des Sammelbandes ueber Buidling Control ist dem Themenbereich der anwendungsneutralen und strukturierten Gebaeudeverkabelung gewidmet. Ziel ist die Beherrschung der Datenmengen von morgen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themen angesprochen: Forderungen an die anwendungsneutrale Verkabelung; Anwendungsneutrale Verkabelungstopologie; Anwendungsneutrale Medien; ICCS Integrades Communications Cabling System. (BWI)

Digital announcements from data carrier exchange to telecommunication; Digitale Ausschreibungen; vom Datentraegeraustausch zur Telekommunikation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markert, H. [MW Software GmbH, Koeln (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 7 of the anthology about building control digital announcements are described ranging from data carrier exchange to telecommunication. The following aspects are discussed: Exchange of texts and prices as well of service lists and offers, telecommunication software, costs of communication, comparison of paper, disk and telecommunication. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 7 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der digitalen Ausschreibung gewidmet, reichend vom Datentraegeraustausch zur Telekommunikation. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf folgende Themen eingegangen: Austausch von Texten und Preisen sowie von Leistungsverzeichnissen und Angeboten; Telekommunikations-Software; Kosten der Kommunikation sowie Vergleich Papier - Diskette - Telekommunikation. (BWI)

Experimental dem Extraction from Aster Stereo Pairs and 3d Registration Based on Icesat Laser Altimetry Data in Upstream Area of Lambert Glacier, Antarctica

Science.gov (United States)

Hai, G.; Xie, H.; Chen, J.; Chen, L.; Li, R.; Tong, X.

2017-09-01

DEM Extraction from ASTER stereo pairs and three-dimensional registration by reference to ICESat laser altimetry data are carried out in upstream area of Lambert Glacier, East Antarctica. Since the study area is located in inland of East Antarctica where few textures exist, registration between DEM and ICESat data is performed. Firstly, the ASTER DEM generation is based on rational function model (RFM) and the procedure includes: a) rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) computation from ASTER metadata, b) L1A image product de-noise and destriping, c) local histogram equalization and matching, d) artificial collection of tie points and bundle adjustment, and e) coarse-to-fine hierarchical matching of five levels and grid matching. The matching results are filtered semi-automatically. Hereafter, DEM is interpolated using spline method with ground points converted from matching points. Secondly, the generated ASTER DEM is registered to ICESat data in three-dimensional space after Least-squares rigid transformation using singular value decomposition (SVD). The process is stated as: a) correspondence selection of terrain feature points from ICESat and DEM profiles, b) rigid transformation of generated ASTER DEM using selected feature correspondences based on least squares technique. The registration shows a good result that the elevation difference between DEM and ICESat data is low with a mean value less than 2 meters and the standard deviation around 7 meters. This DEM is generated and specially registered in Antarctic typical region without obvious ground rock control points and serves as true terrain input for further radar altimetry simulation.

Dissipation consistent fabric tensor definition from DEM to continuum for granular media

Science.gov (United States)

Li, X. S.; Dafalias, Y. F.

2015-05-01

In elastoplastic soil models aimed at capturing the impact of fabric anisotropy, a necessary ingredient is a measure of anisotropic fabric in the form of an evolving tensor. While it is possible to formulate such a fabric tensor based on indirect phenomenological observations at the continuum level, it is more effective and insightful to have the tensor defined first based on direct particle level microstructural observations and subsequently deduce a corresponding continuum definition. A practical means able to provide such observations, at least in the context of fabric evolution mechanisms, is the discrete element method (DEM). Some DEM defined fabric tensors such as the one based on the statistics of interparticle contact normals have already gained widespread acceptance as a quantitative measure of fabric anisotropy among researchers of granular material behavior. On the other hand, a fabric tensor in continuum elastoplastic modeling has been treated as a tensor-valued internal variable whose evolution must be properly linked to physical dissipation. Accordingly, the adaptation of a DEM fabric tensor definition to a continuum constitutive modeling theory must be thermodynamically consistent in regards to dissipation mechanisms. The present paper addresses this issue in detail, brings up possible pitfalls if such consistency is violated and proposes remedies and guidelines for such adaptation within a recently developed Anisotropic Critical State Theory (ACST) for granular materials.

High-resolution DEMs for High-mountain Asia: A systematic, region-wide assessment of geodetic glacier mass balance and dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Shean, D. E.; Arendt, A. A.; Osmanoglu, B.; Montesano, P.

2017-12-01

High Mountain Asia (HMA) constitutes the largest glacierized region outside of the Earth's polar regions. Although available observations are limited, long-term records indicate sustained regional glacier mass loss since 1850, with increased loss in recent decades. Recent satellite data (e.g., GRACE, ICESat-1) show spatially variable glacier mass balance, with significant mass loss in the Himalaya and Hindu Kush and slight mass gain in the Karakoram. We generated 4000 high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from sub-meter commercial stereo imagery (DigitalGlobe WorldView/GeoEye) acquired over glaciers in High-mountain Asia from 2002-present (mostly 2013-present). We produced a regional 8-m DEM mosaic for 2015 and estimated 15-year geodetic mass balance for 40000 glaciers larger than 0.1 km2. We are combining with other regional DEM sources to systematically document the spatiotemporal evolution of glacier mass balance for the entire HMA region. We also generated monthly to interannual DEM and velocity time series for high-priority sites distributed across the region, with >15-20 DEMs available for some locations from 2010-present. These records document glacier dynamics, seasonal snow accumulation/redistribution, and processes that affect glacier mass balance (e.g., ice-cliff retreat, debris cover evolution). These efforts will provide basin-scale assessments of snow/ice melt runoff contributions for model cal/val and downstream water resources applications. We will continue processing all archived and newly available commercial stereo imagery for HMA, and will release all DEMs through the HiMAT DAAC.

CFD-DEM Onset of Motion Analysis for Application to Bed Scour Risk Assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sitek, M. A. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lottes, S. A. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

2017-03-01

This CFD study with DEM was done as a part of the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) effort to improve scour design procedures. The Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) model, available in CD-Adapco’s StarCCM+ software, was used to simulate multiphase systems, mainly those which combine fluids and solids. In this method the motion of discrete solids is accounted for by DEM, which applies Newton's laws of motion to every particle. The flow of the fluid is determined by the local averaged Navier–Stokes equations that can be solved using the traditional CFD approach. The interactions between the fluid phase and solids phase are modeled by use of Newton's third law. The inter-particle contact forces are included in the equations of motion. Soft-particle formulation is used, which allows particles to overlap. In this study DEM was used to model separate sediment grains and spherical particles laying on the bed with the aim to analyze their movement due to flow conditions. Critical shear stress causing the incipient movement of the sediment was established and compared to the available experimental data. An example of scour around a cylindrical pier is considered. Various depths of the scoured bed and flow conditions were taken into account to gain a better understanding of the erosion forces existing around bridge foundations. The decay of these forces with increasing scour depth was quantified with a ‘decay function’, which shows that particles become increasingly less likely to be set in motion by flow forces as a scour hole increases in depth. Computational and experimental examples of the scoured bed around a cylindrical pier are presented.

Comparison of elevation derived from insar data with dem from topography map in Son Dong, Bac Giang, Viet Nam

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Duy

2012-07-01

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used in many applications in the context of earth sciences such as in topographic mapping, environmental modeling, rainfall-runoff studies, landslide hazard zonation, seismic source modeling, etc. During the last years multitude of scientific applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques have evolved. It has been shown that InSAR is an established technique of generating high quality DEMs from space borne and airborne data, and that it has advantages over other methods for the generation of large area DEM. However, the processing of InSAR data is still a challenging task. This paper describes InSAR operational steps and processing chain for DEM generation from Single Look Complex (SLC) SAR data and compare a satellite SAR estimate of surface elevation with a digital elevation model (DEM) from Topography map. The operational steps are performed in three major stages: Data Search, Data Processing, and product Validation. The Data processing stage is further divided into five steps of Data Pre-Processing, Co-registration, Interferogram generation, Phase unwrapping, and Geocoding. The Data processing steps have been tested with ERS 1/2 data using Delft Object-oriented Interferometric (DORIS) InSAR processing software. Results of the outcome of the application of the described processing steps to real data set are presented.

Numerical modelling of powder caking at REV scale by using DEM

Science.gov (United States)

Guessasma, Mohamed; Silva Tavares, Homayra; Afrassiabian, Zahra; Saleh, Khashayar

2017-06-01

This work deals with numerical simulation of powder caking process caused by capillary condensation phenomenon. Caking consists in unwanted agglomeration of powder particles. This process is often irreversible and not easy to predict. To reproduce mechanism involved by caking phenomenon we have used the Discrete Elements Method (DEM). In the present work, we mainly focus on the role of capillary condensation and subsequent liquid bridge formation within a granular medium exposed to fluctuations of ambient relative humidity. Such bridges cause an attractive force between particles, leading to the formation of a cake with intrinsic physicochemical and mechanical properties. By considering a Representative Elementary Volume (REV), the DEM is then performed by means of a MULTICOR-3D software tacking into account the properties of the cake (degree of saturation) in order to establish relationships between the microscopic parameters and the macroscopic behaviour (tensile strength).

Numerical modelling of powder caking at REV scale by using DEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guessasma Mohamed

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This work deals with numerical simulation of powder caking process caused by capillary condensation phenomenon. Caking consists in unwanted agglomeration of powder particles. This process is often irreversible and not easy to predict. To reproduce mechanism involved by caking phenomenon we have used the Discrete Elements Method (DEM. In the present work, we mainly focus on the role of capillary condensation and subsequent liquid bridge formation within a granular medium exposed to fluctuations of ambient relative humidity. Such bridges cause an attractive force between particles, leading to the formation of a cake with intrinsic physicochemical and mechanical properties. By considering a Representative Elementary Volume (REV, the DEM is then performed by means of a MULTICOR-3D software tacking into account the properties of the cake (degree of saturation in order to establish relationships between the microscopic parameters and the macroscopic behaviour (tensile strength.

Study of the electrooxidation of ethanol on hydrophobic electrodes by DEMS and HPLC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez Pereira, M.; Davila Jimenez, M.; Elizalde, M.P.; Manzo-Robledo, A.; Alonso-Vante, N.

2004-01-01

The electrochemical oxidation of ethanol in alkaline solution has been studied on Cu-PVC electrode and Ni/Cu-PVC composite electrodes modified by ruthenium nanoparticles. The techniques used were cyclic voltammetry (CV), steady-state potentiostatic method, on line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chemical products: acetaldehyde and acetic acid were detected measuring the proper mass charge (m/z) ratios. These products were also confirmed by HPLC. The surface modification of composite electrodes by ruthenium nanoparticles promotes the formation of acetaldehyde. As shown by DEMS, the surface modification shifts the onset potential for oxygen evolution reaction on the Cu-PVC composite electrode towards more anodic values

Study of the electrooxidation of ethanol on hydrophobic electrodes by DEMS and HPLC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez Pereira, M.; Davila Jimenez, M.; Elizalde, M.P.; Manzo-Robledo, A.; Alonso-Vante, N

2004-09-15

The electrochemical oxidation of ethanol in alkaline solution has been studied on Cu-PVC electrode and Ni/Cu-PVC composite electrodes modified by ruthenium nanoparticles. The techniques used were cyclic voltammetry (CV), steady-state potentiostatic method, on line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chemical products: acetaldehyde and acetic acid were detected measuring the proper mass charge (m/z) ratios. These products were also confirmed by HPLC. The surface modification of composite electrodes by ruthenium nanoparticles promotes the formation of acetaldehyde. As shown by DEMS, the surface modification shifts the onset potential for oxygen evolution reaction on the Cu-PVC composite electrode towards more anodic values.

Overall energetic situation; Energiewirtschaftliche Gesamtsituation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fahl, Ulrich; Blesl, Markus [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung (IER); Thoene, Eberhard [Zentrum fuer Energieforschung (ZfES), Stuttgart (Germany)

2015-07-01

The different influence of climatic, economic and structural conditions lead 2014 in Germany in total to a significant decline in primary energy demand. There the influences of the individual setting has affected differently. The further improving economic developments influenced the energy demand in industry and commerce during the year only slightly to increase the consumption. The annual average of the still high energy prices and measures to improve efficiency affected both in private consumption as well as in industrial and commercial sector a damping of consumption. However, the greatest influence on the development of consumption is resulting from the exceptionally mild weather, whereby the energy demand for the provision of space heating declined strongly compared at an average year. Overall, the primary energy consumption decreased by the increased influence of demand-reducing conditions over the previous year -4.7%, reaching its lowest level for the whole levels of Germany since 1990. [German] Der unterschiedliche Einfluss der klimatischen, oekonomischen und strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen fuehrte 2014 in Deutschland insgesamt zu einem erheblichen Rueckgang bei der Primaerenergienachfrage. Dabei wirkten sich die Einfluesse der einzelnen Rahmenbedingungen unterschiedlich aus. Die sich weiter verbessernde konjunkturelle Entwicklung beeinflusste die Energienachfrage bei Industrie und Gewerbe im Verlauf des Jahres nur leicht verbrauchssteigernd. Das im Jahresdurchschnitt immer noch hohe Energiepreisniveau und Massnahmen zur Effizienzsteigerung wirkten sich dagegen sowohl beim privaten Konsum als auch in Industrie und Gewerbe verbrauchsdaempfend aus. Der groesste Einfluss auf die Verbrauchsentwicklung resultiert jedoch aus der aussergewoehnlich milden Witterung, wodurch die Energienachfrage fuer die Bereitstellung von Raumwaerme im Vergleich zu einem Durchschnittsjahr stark zurueckging. Insgesamt verringerte sich durch den staerkeren Einfluss der

BRS Deméter: nova cultivar de cevada cervejeira irrigada para o Cerrado do Brasil Central BRS Deméter: new malting barley cultivar for irrigated Brazilian savanna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato Fernando Amabile

2008-09-01

Full Text Available BRS Deméter é uma cultivar de cevada dística (duas fileiras de grãos de ampla adaptação, sob irrigação, ao Cerrado do Brasil Central. Apresenta potencial produtivo de grãos acima de 5.000 kg ha-1, estabilidade de produção e alta qualidade industrial malte-cervejeira. A cultivar atende às demandas do produtor por rendimento competitivo e às da indústria malteira por alta qualidade cervejeira.BRS Deméter is a spring, two-rowed barley, widely adapted to irrigated areas of the savanna, in Central Brazil. It presents production stability and high malting quality, with yield potential above 5,000 kg ha-1. It fulfills both the farmer and malting industry expectations regarding competitive yield and brewing quality.

BOREAS HYD-8 DEM Data Over the NSA-MSA and SSA-MSA in the UTM Projection

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xue-Wen; Hall, Forrest G. (Editor); Knapp, David E. (Editor); Band, L. E.; Smith, David E. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The BOREAS HYD-8 team focused on describing the scaling behavior of water and carbon flux processes at local and regional scales. These DEMs were produced from digitized contours at a cell resolution of 100 meters. Vector contours of the area were used as input to a software package that interpolates between contours to create a DEM representing the terrain surface. The vector contours had a contour interval of 25 feet. The data cover the BOREAS MSAs of the SSA and NSA and are given in a UTM map projection. Most of the elevation data from which the DEM was produced were collected in the 1970s or 1980s. The data are stored in binary, image format files. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884) or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

DEM GENERATION FROM HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES THROUGH A NEW 3D LEAST SQUARES MATCHING ALGORITHM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Kim

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Automated generation of digital elevation models (DEMs from high resolution satellite images (HRSIs has been an active research topic for many years. However, stereo matching of HRSIs, in particular based on image-space search, is still difficult due to occlusions and building facades within them. Object-space matching schemes, proposed to overcome these problem, often are very time consuming and critical to the dimensions of voxels. In this paper, we tried a new least square matching (LSM algorithm that works in a 3D object space. The algorithm starts with an initial height value on one location of the object space. From this 3D point, the left and right image points are projected. The true height is calculated by iterative least squares estimation based on the grey level differences between the left and right patches centred on the projected left and right points. We tested the 3D LSM to the Worldview images over 'Terrassa Sud' provided by the ISPRS WG I/4. We also compared the performance of the 3D LSM with the correlation matching based on 2D image space and the correlation matching based on 3D object space. The accuracy of the DEM from each method was analysed against the ground truth. Test results showed that 3D LSM offers more accurate DEMs over the conventional matching algorithms. Results also showed that 3D LSM is sensitive to the accuracy of initial height value to start the estimation. We combined the 3D COM and 3D LSM for accurate and robust DEM generation from HRSIs. The major contribution of this paper is that we proposed and validated that LSM can be applied to object space and that the combination of 3D correlation and 3D LSM can be a good solution for automated DEM generation from HRSIs.

Die Internen Und Externen Interferenzfehler Beim Lernprozess Des Deutschen Als Zweitfremdsprache Für Türkische Muttersprachler Und Vorschläge Zur Fehlertherapie Internal And External Interference Errors In The Process Of Learning German As A Second Foreign Language And Methods To Prevent Mistakes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adnan OFLAZ

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung liegt darin, die verschiedenen Arten von Interferenzen, die beim Lernprozess der deutschen Sprache auftreten, zuerst theoretisch aufzuklären, dann systematisch mit der kontrastiven Methode durch eine Fehleranalyse zu bestimmen und danach auszuwerten. Die Beeinflussung der Sprache von einer anderen Sprache verursacht Überschneidungen. Interferenzfehler können wir in den Bereichen “Phonologie, Orthographie, Morphologie, Syntax, Semantik, Pragmatik oder auch Textlinguistik erkennen. Anschließend werden Vorschläge zur Fehlerkorrektur auf den grammatikalischen, ortographischen und lexikalischen Ebenen vorgenommen. Betrachtet man dies aus dem kognitiven Blickwinkel, kann jeder unschwer erkennen, dass die Vorkenntnisse retroaktive und proaktive Effekte haben. Das heißt, diese Kenntnisse können den Lernprozess entweder positiv oder negativ beeinträchtigen. Von diesem Ausgangspunkt aus werden in dieser Arbeit die Wechselwirkungen, die sowohl von der erstgelernten Fremdsprache als auch von der Muttersprache abhängig sind, der Reihe nach identifiziert, klassifiziert und abschliessend analysiert. Auf den Ergebnissen dieser Fehleranalyse basierend, machen Studenten unter dem Einfluss der interlingualen Interferenzen meist Fehler bei der Wortstellung, der Zeitform „Perfekt“, Pluralbildung, der Deklination der Adjektive, der Groß- bzw Kleinschreibung und bei dem Gebrauch der Konjunktionen sowie auf den lexikalischen Ebenen. Unter dem Einfluss der intralingualen Interferenzen machen sie Fehler bei der Bildung der Zeitformen „Perfekt und Präteritum“ und bei der Konjugation des Verbs. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the different types ofinterferences that may occur in the process of learning the Germanlanguage both theoretically and systematically by making use of thecontrastive method in order to detect and evaluate common errors. In asecond step, methods to correct these errors on a grammatical

Influence of different DEMs on the quality of the InSAR results: case study over Bankya and Mirovo areas

Science.gov (United States)

Nikolov, Hristo; Atanasova, Mila

2017-10-01

One of the key input parameters in obtaining end products from SAR data is the DEM used during their processing. This holds true especially when persistent scatterers InSAR method should be applied for example to study slow moving landslides or subsidence. Since nowadays most of the raw SAR data are of space borne origin for their correct processing to high precision products for relatively small areas with centimeter accuracy a DEM taking into account the particularities of the local topography is needed. Most of the DEMs used by the SAR processing software such as SRTM or ASTER are obtained by the same type of instrument and present some disagreements with height information acquired by leveling measurements or other geodetic means. This was the motivation for initiating this research - to prove the need of creating and using local DEM in SAR data processing at small scale and to check what the magnitude of the discrepancy between final InSAR products is in both cases where SRTM/ASTER and local DEM has been used. In addition investigated were two scenarios for SAR data processing - one with small baseline between image pairs and one having large baseline image pairs - in order to find out in which case local DEM has bigger impact. In course of this study two reference areas were considered - Bankya village near Sofia (SW region of Bulgaria) and Mirovo salt extraction site (NE region of Bulgaria). The reason those areas were selected lies in the high number of landslides registered and monitored by the competent authorities in the mentioned locations. The significance of the results obtained is witnessed by the fact that both sites we used have been included as reference sites for Bulgaria in the PanGeo EU funded project dealing with delivering information regarding ground instability geohazard as areas prone to subsidence of natural and manmade origin. In the said project largest part of the information has been extracted from Envisat SAR data, but now this

Long-term observations on the influence of groundwater level variations on BTEX concentrations in groundwater; Langzeituntersuchungen zum Einfluss von Grundwasserschwankungen auf die BTEX-Konzentration im Grundwasser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Puettmann, W. [J.W. Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt a. M., Institut fuer Atmosphaere und Umwelt, AG Umweltanalytik, Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Hettwer, K.; Warrelmann, J. [Universitaet Bremen, Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung und Umwelttechnologie, Bremen (Germany); Gaab, S.

2007-06-15

A long-term study on natural attenuation and remediation in soil and groundwater at the former military base Schaeferhof-Sued (Niedersachsen) was performed at a former gasoline filling station. At this locality, a large residual source of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX) and additional petroleum hydrocarbons is present in the soil. BTEX-concentrations in the groundwater and their correlation with groundwater level variations were monitored for three years. Within the monitoring period, a very dry summer was recorded, which caused the groundwater level to drop by 1.7 m and the BTEX concentrations to increase from 240 {mu}g/l to 1300 {mu}g/l at the site of contamination. The microbial degradation of BTEX was documented by data on consumption of electron acceptors (oxygen, nitrate or sulphate) and production of reduced products (Fe(II), methane). The degradation is further supported by the detection of metabolites. Therefore, the increasing BTEX concentrations were not a consequence of limited biological degradation. (orig.) [German] Auf dem frueher militaerisch genutzten Gelaende Schaeferhof-Sued (Niedersachsen) wurden im Bereich einer ehemaligen Abfuellstation fuer Kraftstoffe Langzeituntersuchungen zum natuerlichen Schadstoffabbau und -rueckhalt im Boden und Grundwasser durchgefuehrt. Der Standort weist eine hohe Restkontamination der Verbindungen Benzol, Toluol, Ethylbenzol und Xylole (BTEX), sowie Mineraloelkohlenwasserstoffen (MKW) in der ungesaettigten Bodenzone auf. Ueber einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren wurden die BTEX-Konzentrationen im Grundwasser und deren Abhaengigkeit von einer Aenderung des Grundwasserstandes untersucht und eine negative Korrelation der Schadstoffkonzentrationen mit der Hoehe des Grundwasserstandes festgestellt. Im Beobachtungszeitraum lag das sehr trockene Sommerhalbjahr 2003, was im Vergleich zum vorhergehenden Winterhalbjahr eine Absenkung des Grundwasserspiegels um 1,7 m zur Folge hatte und die BTEX-Konzentrationen am

1. Frankfurt pump user forum. Proceedings; 1. Frankfurter Pumpenanwenderforum. Tagungsunterlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

Pump users and producers discussed the following issues: a) application-oriented pump research, b) practical guidelines, c) new communication paths. The papers of part a) refer to joing projects of the Pumps Research Foundation which has been in existence for 25 years now and currently has 37 member companies. Research in this field focused on the future strategy of joint research, early detection of disturbances in pump ooperation, NPSH and cavitation in displacement pumps and efficiencies of gyropumps. [German] In Kurzvortraegen zu den thematischen Bereichen: (a) Anwendungsorientierte Pumpenforschung, (b) Richtlinien fuer die Praxis, und (c) Neue Kommunikationswege werden Referenten sowohl von Pumpenherstellern als auch von Pumpenanwendern ueber den Stand der Arbeit unterrichten. Die in der Programmbroschuere aufgefuehrten Vortraege zu dem Themenblock ''Anwendungsorientierte Pumpenforschung'', naemlich die kuenftige Strategie der Gemeinschaftsforschung, die Stoerungsfrueherkennung bei Pumpen, NPSH und Kavitation bei Verdraengerpumpen sowie dem Wirkungsgrad bei Kreiselpumpen betreffen Gemeinschaftsforschungsprojekte unseres Forschungsfonds Pumpen, der dieses Jahr sein 25-jaehriges Jubilaeum feierte und gegenwaertig 37 Mitgliedsfirmen zaehlt. (orig./AKF)

Risk and mitigation in the privately financed hydropower project Birecik, Turkey; Privat finanzierte Wasserkraft, Birecik, Tuerkei - Risiken und Risikoverteilung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koselleck, F.; Ishay, D. [PH Ventures GmbH, Neu-Isenburg (Germany)

2003-07-01

The 627 MW Hydroelectric Power Plant Birecik, Turkey, is the largest privately financed hydropower project realized wordwide under a BOT (Build Operate Transfer) scheme. The total investment volume adds up to almost 1 Bll Euro. Ther financial structure of the project mostly relies on export credits, which have been arranged under an international consortium of 50 banks. A complex contractual structure between the government, the investors and the contractors succeeded in establishing a fair risk mitigation mechanism, which was a central factor for the overall success of the project. [German] Das 672 MW Wasserkraftwerk Birecik, Tuerkei, ist mit einem Investitionsvolumen von rund Euro 1 Mrd. das bisher weltweit groesste Wasserkraftprojekt, das nach dem BOT-Modell realisiert wurde. Die auf Exportkredite basierende Finanzierung wurde ueber ein internationales Konsortium von 50 Banken dargestellt. Eine komplexe Vertragsstruktur zwischen dem Staat, den Investoren und den Auftragsnehmern fuehrte zu einem ausgeglichenen Risikoverteilungsmechanismus, der ausschlaggebend fuer den Erfolg des Projektes war. (orig.)

Einfluss des Internets auf das Informations-, Einkaufs- und Verkehrsverhalten

Science.gov (United States)

Nerlich, Mark R.; Schiffner, Felix; Vogt, Walter

Mit Daten aus eigenen Erhebungen können das einkaufsbezogene Informations- und Einkaufsverhalten im Zusammenhang mit den verkehrlichen Aspekten (Distanzen, Verkehrsmittel, Wegekopplungen) dargestellt werden. Die Differenzierung in die drei Produktkategorien des täglichen, mittelfristigen und des langfristigen Bedarfs berücksichtigt in erster Linie die Wertigkeit eines Gutes, die seine Erwerbshäufigkeit unmittelbar bestimmt. Der Einsatz moderner IKT wie das Internet eröffnet dem Endverbraucher neue Möglichkeiten bei Information und Einkauf. Die verkehrliche Relevanz von Online-Shopping wird deutlich, wenn man berücksichtigt, dass im Mittel rund 17% aller Online-Einkäufe, die die Probanden durchgeführt haben, Einkäufe in Ladengeschäften ersetzen. Dies gilt in verstärktem Maße für Online-Informationen: etwa die Hälfte hätte alternativ im stationären Einzelhandel stattgefunden. Da der Erwerb von Gütern des täglichen Bedarfs häufig nahräumlich und in relevantem Anteil nicht-motorisiert erfolgen kann, sind in diesem Segment - im Gegensatz zum mittel- und langfristigen Bedarf - nur geringe Substitutionseffekte zu beobachten.

To measure ammonia and the ammonium-ion in high concentrations with sensitrodes; Messreihen mit Ammoniak- und Ammonium-Sensitroden in ungewoehnlich hohen Konzentrationsbereichen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brosche, P. [DBI-EWI GmbH, Freiberg (Germany)

1996-08-01

Ammonia up to 8 Mol/kg and the ammonium-ion up to 5 Mol/kg were investigated by sensitrodes. Sensitrodes of different manufacturers, the influence of different salts, the temperature (25 and 50 C) and ammonia in mixture with the ammonium-ion were assessed in respect of the result for measuring. The functional correlation between the pH-value and the logarithmus for the ratio of ammonium-ion to ammonia in respect of the equation from Henderson and Hasselbalch was examined. The given concentration for ammonia respectively the ammonium-ion was compared with the calculated concentration of the calibration curve. The investigated sensitrodes may be installed in the manufacturing of ammonium salts in mixture with ammonia as measuring and controlling unit. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ammoniak bis 8 mol/kg und das Ammoniumion bis 5 mol/kg wurden mittels Sensitroden untersucht. Bewertet wurden Sensitroden verschiedener Hersteller, der Einfluss von Salzen, der Temperatur (25 und 50 C) und Ammoniak im Gemisch mit dem Ammoniumion auf das Messergebnis. Der funktionale Zusammenhang zwischen dem pH-Wert und dem Logarithmus des Verhaeltnisses von Ammoniumion und Ammoniak entsprechend der Gleichung von Henderson und Hasselbalch wurde untersucht. Die eingegebenen Konzentrationen an Ammoniak bzw. des Ammoniumions wurden mit den aus den Kalibrierungskurven errechneten Konzentrationen verglichen. Die untersuchten Sensitroden koennen in der Produktion von Ammoniumsalzen im Gemisch mit Ammoniak als Mess- und Steuergeraet eingesetzt werden. (orig.)

Vermessung von Siliziumsensoren für das Upgrade des CMS-Detektors

CERN Document Server

Stegler, Martin; Seibold, Götz

Aufgrund des Upgrades am LHC (2020-2022), bei dem die Luminosität auf über 5 · 1034 cm − 2 s − 1 erhöht wird, ist am CMS-Tracker eine weit höhere Strahlenbelastung als bisher zu erwarten. Daher werden strahlungshärtere Sensoren benötigt. Aus diesem Grund werden im Rahmen der Hamamatsu-Photonics-KK-Kampagne unter anderem Mpix-Sensoren untersucht. Des Weiteren werden sie auf ihre Materialeigenschaften geprüft, indem sie vor und nach der Bestrahlung charakterisiert werden. Ausserdem wird die optimale Geometrie gesucht. Diese Arbeit untersucht zwei Substrattypen derselben Dicke mit zwei Isolationsmechanismen. Dabei wird auch der Einfluss der Geometrie und unterschiedlicher Biasstrukturen berücksichtigt, um Schlüsse auf die Strahlungshärte zu ziehen.

Śmierć Sokratesa. Śmierć jako oddzielenie ciała i duszy (Socrates' Death. Death as Separation of Body and Soul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eberhard Jungel

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Der Tod des Sokrates. Der Tod als Trennung von Leib und Seele (ZusammenfassungIm hier übersetztem Fragment präsentiert der Autor die platonische Vorstellung des Todes (und ihrem Zusammenbund mit der Erkenntnis, insbesondere mit der Selbsterkenntnis. Er Tut das auf Grund der letzten Tage Sokrates, beschriebenen vor allem im Dialog Fedon. Diese Vorstellung stellt er nächst dem biblischen Verständnis des Todes gegenüber. Der Autor betont, daβ Platonismus, sehr stark Einfluss hattend auf das Christentum, das biblische Verständnis über das Ende des Lebens entstellte. Als eine teologische Aufgabe verbleibt die Entplatonisierung des Christentums und Belebung des ursprünglichen, enthalten im Alten und Neuen Testament, Verständnisses des Todes.

Der Zusammenhang von Partnermarktopportunitäten aus dem Freundeskreis und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen : Eine Analyse mit den Daten des Partnermarktsurvey

OpenAIRE

Häring, Armando

2014-01-01

"Der Beitrag analysiert den Zusammenhang zwischen Partnermarktoportunitäten aus dem Freundeskreis und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen. Unter Verwendung des theoretischen Konzepts der Theorie der Interaktionsgelegenheiten sowie von Annahmen der Austauschtheorie und der Familienökonomie, werden mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen gemeinsamen Freundeskreisen mit dem Partner, Partnermarktgelegenheiten aus dem Freundeskreis (sex ratio) und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen diskutiert. Der Beitrag ...

Modeling bubble heat transfer in gas-solid fluidized beds using DEM

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Patil, A.V.; Peters, E.A.J.F.; Kolkman, T.; Kuipers, J.A.M.

2014-01-01

Discrete element method (DEM) simulations of a pseudo 2-D fluidized bed at non-isothermal conditions are presented. First implementation details are discussed. This is followed by a validation study where heating of a packed column by a flow of heated fluid is considered. Next hot gas injected into

Der antiskeptische Boden unter dem Gehirn im Tank

OpenAIRE

Müller, Olaf L.

2001-01-01

Crispin Wright hat die bislang beste Rekonstruktion von Putnams Beweis gegen die skeptische Hypothese vom Gehirn im Tank vorgelegt. Aber selbst in Wrights Fassung hat der Beweis einen Mangel: Er wird mithilfe eines Prädikates wie z.B. "Tiger" geführt und funktioniert nur, wenn man sich darauf verlassen kann, dass es Tiger wirklich gibt. Aber die Skeptikerin bestreitet, über die Existenz von Tigern bescheid zu wissen. Das Problem lässt sich dadurch beheben, dass man den Beweis – statt mit dem ...

Multi-scale sensitivity analysis of pile installation using DEM

Science.gov (United States)

Esposito, Ricardo Gurevitz; Velloso, Raquel Quadros; , Eurípedes do Amaral Vargas, Jr.; Danziger, Bernadete Ragoni

2017-12-01

The disturbances experienced by the soil due to the pile installation and dynamic soil-structure interaction still present major challenges to foundation engineers. These phenomena exhibit complex behaviors, difficult to measure in physical tests and to reproduce in numerical models. Due to the simplified approach used by the discrete element method (DEM) to simulate large deformations and nonlinear stress-dilatancy behavior of granular soils, the DEM consists of an excellent tool to investigate these processes. This study presents a sensitivity analysis of the effects of introducing a single pile using the PFC2D software developed by Itasca Co. The different scales investigated in these simulations include point and shaft resistance, alterations in porosity and stress fields and particles displacement. Several simulations were conducted in order to investigate the effects of different numerical approaches showing indications that the method of installation and particle rotation could influence greatly in the conditions around the numerical pile. Minor effects were also noted due to change in penetration velocity and pile-soil friction. The difference in behavior of a moving and a stationary pile shows good qualitative agreement with previous experimental results indicating the necessity of realizing a force equilibrium process prior to any load-test to be simulated.

Satisfação sexual na demência Sexual satisfaction in dementia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Moreira Lima Nogueira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A demência pode resultar em comprometimento da intimidade e sexualidade de casais idosos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar alterações na atividade sexual, bem como os fatores de satisfação e/ou insatisfação sexual de casais nos quais um dos parceiros possua demência. MÉTODO: Busca nas bases de dados ISI, PubMed/Medline e SciELO de artigos sobre sexualidade na demência, entre janeiro de 1990 e março de 2012, utilizando as palavras-chave: "demência", "satisfação sexual", "intimidade" e "sexualidade". RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 12 artigos. A sobrecarga de cuidados e a alteração de papéis na relação conjugal foram consideradas as principais causas para o declínio da atividade sexual. A disfunção erétil em pacientes e cônjuges, a capacidade decisória para o consentimento da relação sexual por parte do paciente demenciado e os problemas referentes à idade e à saúde (física e emocional do cônjuge e/ou paciente foram os fatores associados à insatisfação sexual. CONCLUSÃO: A intimidade e a atividade sexual dos casais em que um dos parceiros é portador de demência são influenciadas negativamente pela relação de cuidados decorrente da doença e pela sobrecarga dos cônjuges. Por outro lado, a atividade sexual pode ser positivamente substituída por demonstrações de carinho e empatia entre os cônjuges.BACKGROUND: Dementia may result on impairment in intimacy and sexuality of elderly couples. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate changes in sexual activity, as well as the factors which cause sexual satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction in couples in which one of the partners has dementia. METHOD: A search at ISI, PubMed/Medline and SciELO was made for articles about sexuality in dementia, from January 1990 to March 2012, using the keywords: "dementia", "sexual satisfaction", "intimacy" and "sexuality". RESULTS: Twelve articles were selected. The burden of care and the change of roles in couples' relationship were the main reasons for

Insight From the Statistics of Nothing: Estimating Limits of Change Detection Using Inferred No-Change Areas in DEM Difference Maps and Application to Landslide Hazard Studies

Science.gov (United States)

Haneberg, W. C.

2017-12-01

Remote characterization of new landslides or areas of ongoing movement using differences in high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) created through time, for example before and after major rains or earthquakes, is an attractive proposition. In the case of large catastrophic landslides, changes may be apparent enough that simple subtraction suffices. In other cases, statistical noise can obscure landslide signatures and place practical limits on detection. In ideal cases on land, GPS surveys of representative areas at the time of DEM creation can quantify the inherent errors. In less-than-ideal terrestrial cases and virtually all submarine cases, it may be impractical or impossible to independently estimate the DEM errors. Examining DEM difference statistics for areas reasonably inferred to have no change, however, can provide insight into the limits of detectability. Data from inferred no-change areas of airborne LiDAR DEM difference maps of the 2014 Oso, Washington landslide and landslide-prone colluvium slopes along the Ohio River valley in northern Kentucky, show that DEM difference maps can have non-zero mean and slope dependent error components consistent with published studies of DEM errors. Statistical thresholds derived from DEM difference error and slope data can help to distinguish between DEM differences that are likely real—and which may indicate landsliding—from those that are likely spurious or irrelevant. This presentation describes and compares two different approaches, one based upon a heuristic assumption about the proportion of the study area likely covered by new landslides and another based upon the amount of change necessary to ensure difference at a specified level of probability.

Improving low-relief coastal LiDAR DEMs with hydro-conditioning of fine-scale and artificial drainages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Richard Allen

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Improvements in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR technology and spatial analysis of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs have advanced the accuracy and diversity of applications for coastal hazards and natural resources management. This article presents a concise synthesis of LiDAR analysis for coastal flooding and management applications in low-relief coastal plains and a case study demonstration of a new, efficient drainage mapping algorithm. The impetus for these LiDAR applications follows historic flooding from Hurricane Floyd in 1999, after which the State of North Carolina and the Federal Emergency Management Agency undertook extensive LiDAR data acquisition and technological developments for high-resolution floodplain mapping. An efficient algorithm is outlined for hydro-conditioning bare earth LiDAR DEMs using available US Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset canal and ditch vectors. The methodology is illustrated in Moyock, North Carolina, for refinement of hydro-conditioning by combines pre-existing bare earth DEMs with spatial analysis of LiDAR point clouds in segmented and buffered ditch and canal networks. The methodology produces improved maps of fine-scale drainage, reduced omission of areal flood inundation, and subwatershed delineations that typify heavily ditched and canalled drainage areas. These preliminary results illustrate the capability of the technique to improve the representation of ditches in DEMs as well as subsequent flow and inundation modeling that could spur further research on low-relief coastal LiDAR applications.

Optimizing landslide susceptibility zonation: Effects of DEM spatial resolution and slope unit delineation on logistic regression models

Science.gov (United States)

Schlögel, R.; Marchesini, I.; Alvioli, M.; Reichenbach, P.; Rossi, M.; Malet, J.-P.

2018-01-01

We perform landslide susceptibility zonation with slope units using three digital elevation models (DEMs) of varying spatial resolution of the Ubaye Valley (South French Alps). In so doing, we applied a recently developed algorithm automating slope unit delineation, given a number of parameters, in order to optimize simultaneously the partitioning of the terrain and the performance of a logistic regression susceptibility model. The method allowed us to obtain optimal slope units for each available DEM spatial resolution. For each resolution, we studied the susceptibility model performance by analyzing in detail the relevance of the conditioning variables. The analysis is based on landslide morphology data, considering either the whole landslide or only the source area outline as inputs. The procedure allowed us to select the most useful information, in terms of DEM spatial resolution, thematic variables and landslide inventory, in order to obtain the most reliable slope unit-based landslide susceptibility assessment.

Effect of particle breakage on cyclic densification of ballast: A DEM approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thakur, P K; Vinod, J S; Indraratna, B

2010-01-01

In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of particle breakage on densification behaviour of ballast under cyclic loading using Discrete Element Method (DEM). Numerical simulations using PFC 2D have been carried out on an assembly of angular particles with and without incorporation of particle breakage. Two-dimensional projection of angular ballast particles were simulated using clusters of bonded circular particles. Degradation of the bonds within a cluster was considered to represent particle breakage. Clump logic was used to make the cluster of particles unbreakable. DEM simulation results highlight that the particle breakage has a profound influence on the cyclic densification behaviour of ballast. The deformation behaviour exhibited by the assembly with breakage is in good agreement with the laboratory experiments. In addition, the evolution of particle displacement vectors clearly explains the breakage mechanism and associated deformations during cyclic loading.

High Resolution Airborne InSAR DEM of Bagley Ice Valley, South-central Alaska: Geodetic Validation with Airborne Laser Altimeter Data

Science.gov (United States)

Muskett, R. R.; Lingle, C. S.; Echelmeyer, K. A.; Valentine, V. B.; Elsberg, D.

2001-12-01

Bagley Ice Valley, in the St. Elias and Chugach Mountains of south-central Alaska, is an integral part of the largest connected glacierized terrain on the North American continent. From the flow divide between Mt. Logan and Mt. St. Elias, Bagley Ice Valley flows west-northwest for some 90 km down a slope of less than 1o, at widths up to 15 km, to a saddle-gap where it turns south-west to become Bering Glacier. During 4-13 September 2000, an airborne survey of Bagley Ice Valley was performed by Intermap Technologies, Inc., using their Star-3i X-band SAR interferometer. The resulting digital elevation model (DEM) covers an area of 3243 km2. The DEM elevations are orthometric heights, in meters above the EGM96 geoid. The horizontal locations of the 10-m postings are with respect to the WGS84 ellipsoid. On 26 August 2000, 9 to 18 days prior to the Intermap Star-3i survey, a small-aircraft laser altimeter profile was acquired along the central flow line for validation. The laser altimeter data consists of elevations above the WGS84 ellipsoid and orthometric heights above GEOID99-Alaska. Assessment of the accuracy of the Intermap Star-3i DEM was made by comparison of both the DEM orthometric heights and elevations above the WGS84 ellipsoid with the laser altimeter data. Comparison of the orthometric heights showed an average difference of 5.4 +/- 1.0 m (DEM surface higher). Comparison of elevations above the WGS84 ellipsoid showed an average difference of -0.77 +/- 0.93 m (DEM surface lower). This indicates that the X-band Star-3i interferometer was penetrating the glacier surface by an expected small amount. The WGS84 comparison is well within the 3 m RMS accuracy quoted for GT-3 DEM products. Snow accumulation may have occurred, however, on Bagley Ice Valley between 26 August and 4-13 September 2000. This will be estimated using a mass balance model and used to correct the altimeter-derived surface heights. The new DEM of Bagley Ice Valley will provide a reference

Atlas Asse. Information about the Asse II mine (2009-2016); Atlas Asse. Informationen ueber die Schachtanlage Asse II (2009-2016)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-11-15

The newly published ''Atlas Asse'' provides an overview of the challenges and tasks of the Asse decommissioning project. On about 140 pages you will find a selection of reports, graphics and reports, which have been published since 2009 with the first publication of the magazine ''Asse Einblicke''. The atlas also provides orientation for those who have so far dealt little or little with the complex topic. [German] Einen Ueberblick rund um die Herausforderungen und Aufgaben des Stilllegungsprojektes Asse liefert der neu herausgegebene Atlas Asse. Auf etwa 140 Seiten findet sich eine Auswahl von Reportagen, Grafiken und Berichten, die seit 2009 mit dem ersten Erscheinen des Magazins ''Asse Einblicke'' veroeffentlicht wurden. Der Atlas verschafft Orientierung auch fuer diejenigen, die sich bislang wenig oder kaum mit dem komplexen Thema beschaeftigt haben.

The industrial application of fracture mechanics concepts discussed at the background of international standards and guidelines; Die industrielle Anwendung bruchmechanischer Konzepte vor dem Hintergrund internationaler Bewertungsvorschriften und Regelwerke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zerbst, U. [GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstofforschung; Langenberg, P. [Ingenieurbuero fuer Werkstofftechnik, Aachen (Germany)

2000-07-01

Many features from the background for an intensified application of fracture mechanics concepts in many industries world-wide. These include requirements for a permanent increase of the level of performance of technical components and structures by the introduction of new materials, joining technologies and design principles, the problem of ageing components and life extension, an increased emphasis on non-destructive in-service inspection combined with improved NDT techniques, and also a number of failure events caused by fatigue and fracture The aim of the present paper is to give a brief state-of-the-art review on how fracture mechanics is applied in different industrial branches today. This is based on standards and guidelines in the aerospace industry, in the nuclear and fossil power generation, in the chemical and petrochemical and the pipeline industry, in civil engineering, offshore technique and other fields. Based on the review an outlook is given on a future development that would be reasonable and desirable from the point of view of a basically unified philosophy of fracture mechanics application. (orig.) [German] Die Erhoehung der Leistungsparameter vieler Maschinen und Anlagen verbunden mit dem Einsatz neuer Werkstoffe, Fuegeverfahren und Konstruktionsprinzipien, der Betrieb vieler Strukturen ueber ihre projektierte Lebensdauer hinaus, technische Verbesserungen und ein durchgaengigerer Einsatz zerstoerungsfreier Defektpruefverfahren, aber auch immer wieder einmal auftretende Schadensfaelle bilden den Hintergrund fuer die zunehmende Nutzung bruchmechanischer Bewertungsvorschriften in der industriellen Praxis. Die vorliegende Studie zieht eine momentane Bilanz dieser Entwicklung am Beispiel von Fachbereichsstandards der Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie, der konventionellen und Kernkrafttechnik, der Chemie und Petrochemie, der Pipelineindustrie, des Stahlbaus, der Offshore-Technik und anderer Bereiche. Ausgehend von dieser Bestandsaufnahme wird ein Ausblick

DEM study of granular flow around blocks attached to inclined walls

Science.gov (United States)

Samsu, Joel; Zhou, Zongyan; Pinson, David; Chew, Sheng

2017-06-01

Damage due to intense particle-wall contact in industrial applications can cause severe problems in industries such as mineral processing, mining and metallurgy. Studying the flow dynamics and forces on containing walls can provide valuable feedback for equipment design and optimising operations to prolong the equipment lifetime. Therefore, solids flow-wall interaction phenomena, i.e. induced wall stress and particle flow patterns should be well understood. In this work, discrete element method (DEM) is used to study steady state granular flow in a gravity-fed hopper like geometry with blocks attached to an inclined wall. The effects of different geometries, e.g. different wall angles and spacing between blocks are studied by means of a 3D DEM slot model with periodic boundary conditions. The findings of this work include (i) flow analysis in terms of flow patterns and particle velocities, (ii) force distributions within the model geometry, and (iii) wall stress vs. model height diagrams. The model enables easy transfer of the key findings to other industrial applications handling granular materials.

DEM study of granular flow around blocks attached to inclined walls

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samsu Joel

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Damage due to intense particle-wall contact in industrial applications can cause severe problems in industries such as mineral processing, mining and metallurgy. Studying the flow dynamics and forces on containing walls can provide valuable feedback for equipment design and optimising operations to prolong the equipment lifetime. Therefore, solids flow-wall interaction phenomena, i.e. induced wall stress and particle flow patterns should be well understood. In this work, discrete element method (DEM is used to study steady state granular flow in a gravity-fed hopper like geometry with blocks attached to an inclined wall. The effects of different geometries, e.g. different wall angles and spacing between blocks are studied by means of a 3D DEM slot model with periodic boundary conditions. The findings of this work include (i flow analysis in terms of flow patterns and particle velocities, (ii force distributions within the model geometry, and (iii wall stress vs. model height diagrams. The model enables easy transfer of the key findings to other industrial applications handling granular materials.

Influence of antithyroid medication on effective half-life and uptake of {sup 131}I following radioiodine therapy; Einfluss thyreostatischer Medikation beim Morbus Basedow auf die Kinetik von 131-Iod waehrend einer Radiotherapie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moka, D.; Voth, E.; Schicha, H. [Koeln Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin

1997-12-01

Aim of this study was to assess the influence of antithyroid drugs (ADT) on the kinetics of {sup 131}I. Therefore, 56 patients with Graves` disease and with shortened effective half-life of {sup 131}I were examined under stationary conditionary conditions. In 38 patients ATD was stopped three days after radioiodine therapy (RIT). The progress of the first RIT and of a second RIT, which still was necessary in 12 patients, was compared to 18 patients receiving ATD continuously. Values of effective half-life for {sup 131}I rose significantly from 3.4 to 5.7 days 2-3 days after stopping ATD. There was an increase of the {sup 131}I-uptake of a second RIT after stopping ATD from 29.0 to 38.4%. In contrast, {sup 131}I-uptake of a second RIT decreased significantly in patients receiving ATD continuously. Effective half-life and uptake of {sup 131}I were affected significantly by ATD. Interrupting ATD after RIT is useful to improve an apparantly insufficient RIT in thyrotoxic patients receiving ATD. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ziel dieser Studie war es, beim M. Basedow die Kinetik von {sup 131}I unter dem Einfluss thyreostatischer Medikation (tM) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die 56 Patienten mit immunogener Hyperthyreose M. Basedow (MB) und mit einem erhoehten `turn over` von {sup 131}I unter tM untersucht. Bei 38 Patienten wurde die tM am 3. Tag nach RITh abgesetzt. Der Verlauf der 1. RITh bzw. einer Nachtherapie wurde mit 18 Patienten unter fortlaufender tM verglichen. 2-3 Tage nach Absetzen der tM stieg die effektive Halbwertzeit (HWZ{sub eff.}) von {sup 131}I signifikant von 3,4 auf 5,7 Tage und der {sup 131}I-Uptake bei der Nachtherapie von 29,0 auf 38,4% an, waehrend er unter fortlaufender tM signifikant abfiel. Beide Effekte zeigen, dass tM die {sup 131}I-Kinetik der Schilddruese sehr schnell beeinflussen kann. Gezieltes Absetzen der tM eignet sich deshalb, um bei ausgewaehlten Patienten eine primaer unzureichende RITh noch waehrend des stationaeren Aufenthaltes zu steuern und

Investigations on the effects of ``Ecstasy`` on cerebral glucose metabolism: an 18-FDG PET study; Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von ``Ecstasy`` auf den zerebralen Glukosemetabolismus: eine 18-FDG-PET-Studie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schreckenberger, M.; Sabri, O.; Arning, C.; Tuttass, T.; Schulz, G.; Kaiser, H.J.; Wagenknecht, G.; Buell, U. [Klinik fuer Nuklearmedizin, Universitaetsklinik, RWTH Aachen (Germany); Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.; Sass, H. [Klinik fuer Psychiatrie, Universitaetsklinikum, RWTH Aachen (Germany)

1998-12-31

Doppelblindstudie wurden 16 gesunde Probanden ohne Drogenanamnese mittels 18-FDG-PET 110-120 min nach oraler Verabreichung von 2 mg/kg KG MDE (n=8) oder Placebo (n=8) untersucht. Zwei Minuten vor Injektion des Radiopharmazeutikums startend erfolgte ueber insgesamt 32 min eine konstante kognitive Stimulation ueber ein Wortrepetitionsparadigma, um konstante und vergleichbare mentale Bedingungen waehrend der zerebralen 18-FDG-Aufnahme zu gewaehrleisten. Die Darstellung der Individualanatomie erfolgte anhand T1-gewichteter 3D-flash MRT mit anschliessender manueller Regionalisierung in 108 Regions-of-Interest und PET/MRT Overlay. Absolute Quantifizierung der rMRGlu sowie Normierung auf den Globalmetabolismus mit anschliessendem Vergleich MDE versus Placebo mittels U-Test nach Mann und Whitney. Ergebnisse: Gegenueber der Placebo-Gruppe fand sich unter MDE keine signifikante Aenderung der globalen MRGlu (MDE: 41,8{+-}11,1 {mu}mol/min/100 g, Placebo: 50,1{+-}18,1 {mu}mol/min/100 g, p=0,298). Die normierten metabolischen Daten zeigten eine signifikante Minderung der rMRGlu im beidseitigen Frontalkortex: Links frontal posterior (-7,1%, p<0,05) und rechts praefrontal superior (-4,6%, p<0,05). Signifikante Steigerungen der rMRGlu fanden sich dagegen im beidseitigen Zerebellum (rechts: +10,1%, p<0,01; links: +7,6%, p<0,05) sowie im rechten Putamen (+6,2%, p<0,05). Schlussfolgerung: In der vorliegenden Studie konnten unter dem Akuteinfluss des `Ecstasy`-Analogons MDE neurometabolische Veraenderungen im Sinne einer fronto-striato-cerebellaeren Dysbalance nachgewiesen werden, die parallelen zu sowohl anderen psychotropen Substanzen als auch verschiedenen endogenen Psychosen aufweisen. (orig.)

Accuracy assessment of TanDEM-X IDEM using airborne LiDAR on the area of Poland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Woroszkiewicz Małgorzata

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement (TanDEM-X mission launched in 2010 is another programme – after the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM in 2000 – that uses space-borne radar interferometry to build a global digital surface model. This article presents the accuracy assessment of the TanDEM-X intermediate Digital Elevation Model (IDEM provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR under the project “Accuracy assessment of a Digital Elevation Model based on TanDEM-X data” for the southwestern territory of Poland. The study area included: open terrain, urban terrain and forested terrain. Based on a set of 17,498 reference points acquired by airborne laser scanning, the mean errors of average heights and standard deviations were calculated for areas with a terrain slope below 2 degrees, between 2 and 6 degrees and above 6 degrees. The absolute accuracy of the IDEM data for the analysed area, expressed as a root mean square error (Total RMSE, was 0.77 m.

Pre- and postoperative radioligical evaluation of knee joint endoprothesis. Orthopedist's view; Die prae- und postoperative radiologische Evaluation der Kniegelenkendoprothese. Aus der Sicht des Orthopaeden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mazoochian, F.; Fottner, A.; Hauptmann, S.M.; Schulze Pellengahr, C. von; Jansson, V. [Klinikum Grosshadern der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Orthopaedische Klinik und Poliklinik, Muenchen (Germany); Glaser, C.; Triantafyllou, M.; Reiser, M.F. [Klinikum Grosshadern der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universitaet Muenchen (Germany). Institut fuer klinische Radiologie

2006-09-15

The implantation of a knee arthroplasty is still a demanding operation. There is still no ''golden standard'' available, although a lot of guidelines have been declared. Because of this fact this article should provide the radiologist with an overview of and some background knowledge for the radiological evaluation of knee arthroplasty. (orig.) [German] Die Implantation eines kuenstlichen Kniegelenks ist nach wie vor eine anspruchsvolle Operation. Einen ''Goldstandard'' gibt es bis heute nicht, obwohl vielfach Richtlinien der Knieendoprothetik aufgestellt werden. Deshalb soll dieser Artikel dem Radiologen einen Ueberblick und Hintergrundinformation ueber die radiologische Evaluation der Knieendoprothetik geben. (orig.)

Single room control for user-optimised room air conditions; Einzelraumregelung fuer nutzungsoptimiertes Raumklima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lezius, A. [Staefa Control System GmbH, Leinfelden-Echterdingen (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 14 of the anthology about building control the single room control for achieving user-optimised room air conditions is described. The following aspects are discussed: What is comfort? What is economic efficiency? Systems for secondary air treatment, adapted functions of the measurement and control technique, management functions, orientation of the demand at the use, investment and amortisation. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 14 des Sammelbandes ueber Building control ist dem Thema der Einzelraumregelung zur Erzielung eines nutzungsoptimierten Raumklimas gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themenbereiche angesprochen: Was ist Komfort? Was ist Wirtschaftlichkeit? Systeme fuer sekundaere Luftbehandlung; Angepasste Funktionen der MSR-Technik; Managementfunktionen; Bedarfsorientierung an der Nutzung; Investition und Amortisation. (BWI)

Relationship between oculomotor scanning determined by the DEM test and a contextual reading test in schoolchildren with reading difficulties.

Science.gov (United States)

Palomo-Alvarez, Catalina; Puell, María C

2009-09-01

The relationship between oculomotor scanning and reading in poor readers of primary school age is not well known. This study was designed to assess this relationship by determining mean Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test times and reading speeds in a Spanish non-clinical population of children with poor reading skills but without dyslexia. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 81 poor readers (8-11 years of age) in the third to fifth grades recruited from 11 elementary schools in Madrid, Spain. In each subject with best spectacle correction, oculomotor scanning was measured using the DEM test, and reading speed (words per minute) was assessed by a standardized Spanish contextual reading test. Mean horizontal DEM times were higher than normative values for children in the third, fourth and fifth grades, by 20 seconds, 12 seconds, and 3 seconds respectively. Mean reading speeds were 18 words per minute lower than the norm for the third and fourth grades respectively, and 30 words per minute lower than the norm for the fifth grade. Reading speeds were significantly related to horizontal DEM times (r = -0.53, p school children at an early stage.

Paleo-oil and gas fields in the red sandstone of the North German Basin: Effects of hydrocarbon migration on storage quality development. Fluid flow, diagenesis and storage quality in the red sandstone strata of northern Germany; Palaeo-Oel- und -Gasfelder im Rotliegenden des Norddeutschen Beckens: Wirkung der KW-Migration auf die Speicherqualitaets-Entwicklung. Fluidfluss, Diagenese und Speicherqualitaet im Rotliegend Norddeutschlands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solms, M. [SGC, Lehrte (Germany); Gaupp, R. [Jena Univ. (Germany); Littke, R.; Schwarzer, D. [RWTH Aachen (Germany); Schubarth-Engelschall, J.; Trappe, H. [TEEC, Isernhagen (Germany); Krawczyk, C.; Tanner, D.; Oncken, O. [GFZ, Potsdam (Germany)

2003-07-01

This sub-project was aimed at improving the geological concept of the development of storage quality, at the development of a model for monitoring and reconstruction of the structural development and restructuring of reservoirs, and at obtaining information on hydrocarbon origins, migration pathways and filling chronology. Drill core data were combined with 3D seismic data in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the processes involved. [German] Im Rahmen des DGMK-Forschungsprogrammes ''Tight Gas Reservoirs'' (Projekt 593-8) wurden von der Arbeitsgruppe Sedimentologie 43 Bohrungen aus dem Rotliegend Nordwestdeutschlands untersucht. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse schliessen sich an den Vortrag ''Einfluss von Fazies und Diagenese auf die Speicher-Qualitaets-Entwicklung von Rotliegendsandsteinen NW Deutschlands'' (SOLMS et al., DGMK-Fruehjahrstagung 2002). Ziel dieses Teilprojektes ist die Verbesserung des geologischen Konzeptes zur Entwicklung der Speicherqualitaet, die Entwicklung eines Modells zur Erfassung und Rekonstruktion der strukturellen Entwicklung und Restrukturierung von Lagerstaetten sowie die Klaerung von KW-Herkunftsgebieten, Migrationswegen und Fuellungschronologien. Durch die Verknuepfung der Kerndaten mit 3D seismischen Daten soll eine verbesserte Einschaetzung der Speicherqualitaeten aus dem 3D seismischen Abbild erreicht werden. (orig.)

Dried sewage sludge as a raw material for utilization and disposal; Klaerschlammtrocknung als Ausgangspunkt fuer Verwertung und Entsorgung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hofacker, K. [Mannesmann Demag AG, Energie- und Umwelttechnik, Duesseldorf (Germany). Vertriebsabteilung; Mattes, R.R. [Mannesmann Demag AG, Energie- und Umwelttechnik, Duesseldorf (Germany). Produktbereich Schlammbehandlung

1998-01-01

Whereas so far, more than 50 per cent of municipal sewage sludge was disposed of as wet sludge at landfills or used in farming or revegetation, the demands of the technical code on municipal waste, `TASi`, are now biting, whose transition period will expire in 2005. One of the aims defined in TASi is to safeguard disposal without further increasing the organic pollutant burden of sanitary landfills. By subjecting sewage sludge to thermal drying, the operators of sewage treatment plants, who are the ones obliged by law to take care of disposal, open up a broad range of possibilities for making use of the material and avoiding environmental pollution. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Waehrend kommunaler Klaerschlamm bisher zu ueber 50% in nasser Form auf Deponien entsorgt, in der Landwirtschaft und der Rekultivierung verwertet wurde, so greifen in Deutschland jetzt bereits die Anforderungen der TASi (Technische Anleitung Siedlungsabfall), deren Uebergangsfrist im Jahre 2005 ablaeuft. Zu deren vorgegebenen Zielen gehoert die Entsorgungssicherheit, ohne die Deponien weiter mit organischen Stoffen zu belasten. Der Weg ueber die thermische Trocknung erschliesst dem entsorgungspflichtigen Klaeranlagenbetreiber ein breites Spektrum von Verwertungsmoeglichkeiten mit wirtschaftlichen und die Umwelt nicht belastenden Pfaden. (orig.)

Arbitration in environmental matters. An interdisciplinary introduction; Studienbrief Umweltmediation. Eine interdisziplinaere Einfuehrung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Claus, F; Fietkau, H J; Fuchs, G [and others

2000-07-01

This textbook provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the process of arbitration in environmental matters, both for self-studies and for participants in the seminars on which it is based. The interdisciplinary readership is reflected in the interdisciplinary group of authors. The publication can be used as a training programme. [German] Mit Vorliegen dieses Studienbriefs wird erstmals eine Moeglichkeit geboten, sich umfassend und systematisch, im Eigenstudium oder im Rahmen des dazugehoerigen Seminarprogramms, mit dem Verfahren der Umweltmediation vertraut zu machen. Der Vielfalt der angesprochenen Zielgruppen (Politik, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft, Rechtswesen usw.) wurde in der interdisziplinaeren Zusammensetzung des Autorenkreises Rechnung getragen. Das Layout wurde so gestaltet, dass es die inhaltliche Orientierung erleichert. Zusaetzlich kann der Studienbrief auch als Bauelement fuer eine umfassendere Wissensaneignung dienen: Erstens ist es moeglich, sich ueber das oben genannte Ausbildungsprogramm fuer Praktiker zum Mediator fortzubilden. Zweitens besteht die Chance, das erworbene Wissen durch einen Lehrgang zur Agenda-Moderation des Wissenschaftsladen Bonn e.V. um weitere konsens- und handlungsorientierte Verfahren zu erweitern. Informationen koennen ueber den Foerderverein Umweltmediation e.V., Matthias-Gruenewald-Str. 1-3, 53175 Bonn, Tel. 0228/3 72 99 27, eingeholt werden. (orig.)

2012 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) Lidar DEM: Rogue River Oregon

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The dataset encompasses portions of Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson, and Josephine Counties.The bare earth digital elevation model (DEM) represents the earth's surface...

Precise Determination of the Baseline Between the TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X Satellites

Science.gov (United States)

Koenig, Rolf; Rothacher, Markus; Michalak, Grzegorz; Moon, Yongjin

TerraSAR-X, launched on June 15, 2007, and TanDEM-X, to be launched in September 2009, both carry the Tracking, Occultation and Ranging (TOR) category A payload instrument package. The TOR consists of a high-precision dual-frequency GPS receiver, called Integrated GPS Occultation Receiver (IGOR), for precise orbit determination and atmospheric sounding and a Laser retro-reflector (LRR) serving as target for the global Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) ground station network. The TOR is supplied by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) Germany, and the Center for Space Research (CSR), Austin, Texas. The objective of the German/US collaboration is twofold: provision of atmospheric profiles for use in numerical weather predictions and climate studies from the occultation data and precision SAR data processing based on precise orbits and atmospheric products. For the scientific objectives of the TanDEM- X mission, i.e., bi-static SAR together with TerraSAR-X, the dual-frequency GPS receiver is of vital importance for the millimeter level determination of the baseline or distance between the two spacecrafts. The paper discusses the feasibility of generating millimeter baselines by the example of GRACE, where for validation the distance between the two GRACE satellites is directly available from the micrometer-level intersatellite link measurements. The distance of the GRACE satellites is some 200 km, the distance of the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X formation will be some 200 meters. Therefore the proposed approach is then subject to a simulation of the foreseen TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X formation. The effect of varying space environmental conditions, of possible phase center variations, multi path, and of varying center of mass of the spacecrafts are evaluated and discussed.

Investigation of the fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) process using CFD-DEM method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Malin; Liu Rongzheng; Wen Yuanyun; Liu Bing; Shao Youlin

2014-01-01

The CFD-DEM-CVD multiscale coupling simulation concept was proposed based on the mass/momentum/energy transfer involved in the FB-CVD process. The pyrolysis process of the reaction gas in the spouted bed can be simulated by CFD method, then the concentration field and velocity field can be extracted and coupled with the particle movement behavior which can be simulated by DEM. Particle deposition process can be described by the CVD model based on particle position, velocity and neighboring gas concentration. This multiscale coupling method can be implemented in the Fluent@-EDEM@ software with their UDF (User Definition Function) and API (Application Programming Interface). Base on the multiscale coupling concept, the criterion for evaluating FB-CVD process is given. At first, the volume in the coating furnace is divided into two parts (active coating area and non-active coating area) based on simulation results of chemical pyrolysis process. Then the residence time of all particles in the active coating area can be obtained using the CFD-DEM simulation method. The residence time distribution can be used as a criterion for evaluating the gas-solid contact efficiency and operation performance of the coating furnace. At last different coating parameters of the coating furnace are compared based on the proposed criterion. And also, the future research emphasis is discussed. (author)

VT Lidar Hydro-flattened DEM (0.7 meter) - 2014 - Chittenden, Lamoille, Orleans, & Washington Counties

Data.gov (United States)

Vermont Center for Geographic Information — (Link to Metadata) This metadata applies to the following collection area(s): Eastern VT 2014 0.7m and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dataset of the following...

Production of 17-O-demethyl-geldanamycin, a cytotoxic ansamycin polyketide, by Streptomyces hygroscopicus DEM20745.

Science.gov (United States)

Baksh, Aron; Kepplinger, Bernhard; Isah, Hadiza A; Probert, Michael R; Clegg, William; Wills, Corinne; Goodfellow, Michael; Errington, Jeff; Allenby, Nick; Hall, Michael J

2017-08-01

The actinomycete DEM20745, collected from non-rhizosphere soil adjacent to Paraserianthes falactaria trees (Cangkringan, Indonesia), is an efficient producer of the anticancer ansamycin polyketide 17-O-demethyl-geldanamycin (17-O-DMG), a biosynthetic precursor of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GDM). In DEM20745, 17-O-DMG is the major ansamycin product observed reaching a maximum titre of 17 mg/L in the fermentation broth. 17-O-DMG has the potential to be a key starting material for the semi-synthesis of GDM analogues for use in anticancer therapy. Thus, this preferential biosynthesis of 17-O-DMG facilitates easy access to this important molecule and provides further insight in the biosynthesis of the geldanamycins.

Regional coverage of contrails from satellite data and their radiative forcing; Regionale Kondensstreifen-Bedeckung aus Satellitendaten und ihr Einfluss auf den Strahlungshaushalt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, R.

2000-07-01

An operational contrail detection algorithm is applied to day and night overpasses of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). From the classification results the daytime and nighttime coverage by linear shaped contrails over Western Europa is derived. The annual daytime average for the analyzed region of 0.75% shows a strong annual cycle with 1.0% coverage during winter and 0.4% during summer. The day/night ratio reaches the factor 3. Using the radiance contrasts in the 11 {mu}m channel for contrail and adjacent pixels an average visible optical depth for the observed contrails of 0.1 is derived. This leads to an annual mean top of atmosphere radiative forcing by contrails over Central Europe in the range of 0.03 W/m{sup 2} to 0.08 W/m{sup 2}, which is about one magnitude smaller than prior studies suggest. The highest annual mean contrail forcing exceeds 0.12 W/m{sup 2} over Northeastern France, Belgium, Great Britain and Hungary. (orig.) [German] Ein operationelles Kondensstreifen-Erkennungsverfahren wird auf Tag- und Nacht-Ueberfluege des Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) angewandt. Aus den Klassifizierungsergebnissen wird die mittaegliche und naechtliche Bedeckung durch linienhafte Kondensstreifen ueber Westeuropa abgeleitet. Das Jahresmittel der Bedeckung am Tag betraegt 0,75% und zeigt einen ausgepraegten Jahresgang mit 1% im Winter und 0,4% im Sommer, sowie einen starken Tag/Nacht-Unterschied mit einer Amplitude von 3. Mit Hilfe von Strahldichtekontrasten im 11 {mu}m Kanal zwischen Kondensstreifen und benachbarten Pixeln wird fuer die erkannten Kondensstreifen eine durchschnittliche optische Dicke im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von 0,1 abgeschaetzt. Daraus ergibt sich am Oberrand der Atmosphaere ein mittlerer auf Kondensstreifen zurueckzufuehrender Strahlungsantrieb zwischen 0,03 W/m{sup 2} und 0,08 W/m{sup 2}, was eine Groessenordnung unter den Ergebnissen bisheriger Studien liegt. Die hoechsten Jahresmittel mit mehr als 0,12 W

KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN DEM SRTM & GOOGLE EARTH UNTUK PARAMETER PENILAIAN POTENSI KERUGIAN EKONOMI AKIBAT BANJIR ROB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arief L Nugraha

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Tidal flood is a significant threat for the economic growth rate in the city of Semarang. The threat mitigation requires planning, thereby reducing the impact of the losses. The availability of global data with free access can provide solutions in disaster management, the data are SRTM DEM and Google Earth. With both of these data can be mapped potential economic losses caused by tidal flooding. With the techniques of remote sensing and GIS to handle the SRTM DEM data and Google Earth, the techniques can be generated maps and models of tidal inundation area maps woke up in the city of Semarang. Analysis of potential economic losses can be calculated by doing an overlay of the two maps generated. The results achieved from this study is SRTM DEM and Google Earth can able to produce thematic maps of situational tidal flood disaster so that it can be used as a parameter value calculation of the potential economic losses. This study also obtain the result that the area of ​​land affected by the tidal flood an area of ​​8339.31 hectares and the number of buildings reaching 78 299 pieces, which the district that has the highest impact on the tidal flood that North Semarang.

Illustrations to “Gespräche in dem Reiche derer Todten zwischen dem vortreflichen Moscowitischen Czaar Petro Magno und dem grossen Tyrannen Ivan Basilowiz II” (Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible) by David Fassmann (1725)

OpenAIRE

Ekaterina A. Skvortcova

2017-01-01

The journal created by David Fassmann (1683–1744), Gespräche in dem Reiche derer Todten, edited in Leipzig, was a huge success. Each of the 240 issues presents a dialogue between two historical figures from the afterworld. In the 83rd–86th Entrevuë, the interlocutors are Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible. The texts of the four conversations were thoroughly examined by Eckhard Matthes (1987). The present paper explores how the illustrations to the 83rd–86th Entrevuë visualize the texts, w...

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SIMPLE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM USING THE OBLIQUE PHOTO AND DEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. Nonaka

2016-06-01

Full Text Available When a disaster occurs, we must grasp and evaluate its damage as soon as possible. Then we try to estimate them from some kind of photographs, such as surveillance camera imagery, satellite imagery, photographs taken from a helicopter and so on. Especially in initial stage, estimation of decent damage situation for a short time is more important than investigation of damage situation for a long time. One of the source of damage situation is the image taken by surveillance camera, satellite sensor and helicopter. If we can measure any targets in these imagery, we can estimate a length of a lava flow, a reach of a cinder and a sediment volume in volcanic eruption or landslide. Therefore in order to measure various information for a short time, we developed a simplified measurement system which uses these photographs. This system requires DEM in addition to photographs, but it is possible to use previously acquired DEM. To measure an object, we require only two steps. One is the determination of the position and the posture in which the photograph is shot. We determine these parameters using DEM. The other step is the measurement of an object in photograph. In this paper, we describe this system and show the experimental results to evaluate this system. In this experiment we measured the top of Mt. Usu by using two measurement method of this system. Then we can measure it about one hour and the difference between the measurement results and the airborne LiDAR data are less than 10 meter.

Evaluation of fracturing process of soft rocks at great depth by AE measurement and DEM simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoki, Kenji; Mito, Yoshitada; Kurokawa, Susumu; Matsui, Hiroya; Niunoya, Sumio; Minami, Masayuki

2007-01-01

The authors developed the stress-based evaluation system of EDZ by AE monitoring and Distinct Element Method (DEM) simulation. In order to apply this system to the soft rock site, the authors try to grasp the relationship between AE parameters, stress change and rock fracturing process by performing the high stiffness tri-axial compression tests including AE measurements on the soft rock samples, and its simulations by DEM using bonded particle model. As the result, it is found that change in predominant AE frequency is effective to evaluate fracturing process in sedimentary soft rocks, and the relationship between stress change and fracturing process is also clarified. (author)

External Validation of the ASTER GDEM2, GMTED2010 and CGIAR-CSI- SRTM v4.1 Free Access Digital Elevation Models (DEMs in Tunisia and Algeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Djamel Athmania

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Digital Elevation Models (DEMs including Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM, and Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010 are freely available for nearly the entire earth’s surface. DEMs that are usually subject to errors need to be evaluated using reference elevation data of higher accuracy. This work was performed to assess the vertical accuracy of the ASTER GDEM version 2, (ASTER GDEM2, the Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research-Consortium for Spatial Information (CGIAR-CSI SRTM version 4.1 (SRTM v4.1 and the systematic subsample GMTED2010, at their original spatial resolution, using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS validation points. Two test sites, the Anaguid Saharan platform in southern Tunisia and the Tebessa basin in north eastern Algeria, were chosen for accuracy assessment of the above mentioned DEMs, based on geostatistical and statistical measurements. Within the geostatistical approach, empirical variograms of each DEM were compared with those of the GPS validation points. Statistical measures were computed from the elevation differences between the DEM pixel value and the corresponding GPS point. For each DEM, a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE was determined for model validation. In addition, statistical tools such as frequency histograms and Q-Q plots were used to evaluate error distributions in each DEM. The results indicate that the vertical accuracy of SRTM model is much higher than ASTER GDEM2 and GMTED2010 for both sites. In Anaguid test site, the vertical accuracy of SRTM is estimated 3.6 m (in terms of RMSE 5.3 m and 4.5 m for the ASTERGDEM2 and GMTED2010 DEMs, respectively. In Tebessa test site, the overall vertical accuracy shows a RMSE of 9.8 m, 8.3 m and 9.6 m for ASTER GDEM 2, SRTM and GMTED2010 DEM, respectively. This work is the first study to report the

Chemical composition and optical properties of aerosols in the lower mixed layer and the free troposphere. Final report of the AFS project; Chemische Zusammensetzung und optische Eigenschaften des Aerosols in der freien Troposphaere. Abschlussbericht zum AFS-Projekt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asseng, H. [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Weltraumwissenschaften]|[Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemie, Mainz (Germany). Abt. Biogeochemie; Fischer, J. [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Weltraumwissenschaften; Helas, G. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemie, Mainz (Germany). Abt. Biogeochemie; Weller, M. [Deutscher Wetterdienst, Potsdam (Germany). Meteorologisches Observatorium

2001-08-02

Aerosol radiative forcing is the largest unknown in current climate models and, as a result, in predicting future climate. Accurate vertically-resolved measurements of aerosol optical properties are an important element of improved climate prediction (IPCC). The present project has contributed to this objective. Jets of directly and remotely determined radiation data have been provided suitable to cut down the uncertainty of column- or layer related optical aerosol parameters. In the present case mean values and profiles of spectral scattering - and absorption coefficients have been retrieved from ground based and airborne sky-radiance/solar irradiance measurements. Available analyses of size and chemical composition of sampled particles (adjoined projects) have been also taken into consideration. The retrieved parameters have served as an input for modelling the radiative transfer exactly for the real time of measurements. Closure procedures yielded finally realistic spectral scattering - and absorption coefficients typically for the lower troposphere in a mostly rural Central European region. (orig.) [German] Die ungenuegende Kenntnis strahlungswirksamer, optischer Aerosolparameter ist laut IPCC die groesste Unbekannte bei der Modellierung des Klimas und seiner Veraenderung. Wissenschaft und Technik bemuehen sich in sog. Schliessungsexperimenten aus der Ueberbestimmung direkt und indirekt gemessener Aerosolparameter genaue(re) Kenntnis (Mittelwert/Variation) ueber deren Klimawirksamkeit zu erlangen. Im vorliegenden Projekt wurden aus verschiedenen passiven, spektralen Messungen von Streulicht und Transmission der Atmosphaere in verschiedenen Hoehen sowie aus der Beruecksichtigung von Partikelanalysen Dritter, Streu- und Absorptionskoeffizienten des Aerosols der gesamten Luftsaeule und in vertikaler Aufloesung abgeleitet. Strahlungstransportmodellierungen mit den gewonnenen Aerosolparametern als input engten ueber den Vergleich mit den Messungen deren Grad an

Pharmakobotanische Untersuchungen von Lavendelsorten auf dem Plattensee- Plateau

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tóth, Frida

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Auf dem Hof Dörgicsei Levendula Major GmbH wurden 9 Lavendelsorten (6 Sorten von Lavandula angustifolia und 3 Sorten von Lavandula x intermedia untersucht. Neben den morphologischen und Wachstumseigenschaften wurden auch Frisch- und Trockengewichte bewertet. Quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen von den Blüten- und Ätherischöldrogen wurden auch durchgeführt. Die statistische Analyse zeigte signifikant höhere Erträge bei den Sorten L. angustifolia ’Essence Purple’ und L. x intermedia ’Edelweiss’. Gehalt und Zusammensetzung von ätherischem Öl war eindeutig bei der Sorte L. angustifolia ’Ellagance Purple’ am günstigsten.

Materials and energy balance of a university - development of an environmental management concept for universities based on the example of Osnabrueck university. Final report; Stoff- und Energieflussanalyse einer Universitaet - Erstellung eines Umweltmanagementkonzepts fuer Hochschulen am Beispiel der Universitaet Osnabrueck. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matthies, M.; Viebahn, P.

1999-04-01

Teilbilanzen zur Sachbilanz der Universitaet sowie ihre Wirkungsabschaetzung. In Abschnitt IV werden die weiteren Teile des Umweltmanagement-Modells vorgestellt. In Kapitel 18 werden die im Projekt entwickelten Umweltziele und das vorgeschlagene Umweltprogramm der Universitaet (Bausteine 5 und 6) beschrieben. Kapitel 19 geht kurz auf Umweltberichte ein. Kapitel 20 enthaelt einen Ueberblick ueber das Konzept eines Umweltinformationssystems der Universitaet (Baustein UM 8). Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt des Projektes war die Entwicklung von Instrumenten zur Umsetzung von Umweltschutzmassnahmen. In Kapitel 21 werden Motivations- und Informationsmassnahmen beschrieben, die zur Umsetzung eines neuen Abfallkonzeptes entwickelt wurden (Bausteine 9 und 10). In Kapitel 22 werden weitere Instrumente aus dem Energie- und dem Verkehrsbereich vorgestellt, die jedoch noch nicht umgesetzt werden konnten. Ausgehend von diesem Projekt wurde ein neues Projekt entwickelt, das 'Netzwerk fuer eine umweltgerechte Entwicklung der Hochschulen', eco-campus.net, auf das in Kapitel 23 eingegangen wird. In Kapitel 24 erfolgt ein Resumee ueber die drei Jahre Projektarbeit. Kapitel 25 fasst schliesslich die gesamte Literatur zusammen, die vorher getrennt nach den einzelnen Kapiteln angegeben wurde. (orig.)

Measurement of the reaction {gamma}d {yields}pn{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} at SAPHIR and investigation of the decay angular distribution of the {Delta}{sup ++}(1232) resonance; Messung der Reaktion {gamma}d {yields}pn{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} an SAPHIR und Untersuchung der Zerfallswinkelverteilung der {Delta}{sup ++}(1232)-Resonanz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuetz, P.

1993-03-01

Messungen an fluessigem Deuterium und im Anschluss daran eine Analyse der Reaktion {gamma}d {yields} pn{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} unter dem Aspekt der Zerfallswinkelverteilung der {Delta}{sup ++}(1232)-Resonanz. Zur Bestimmung der Detektorakzeptanz wurde eine modellabhaengige Simulationsrechnung mit dem Programm SAPHIR-GEANT durchgefuehrt. Das benutzte Modell basiert auf dem Zuschauermodell mit einem starken Einfluss des Kontaktgraphen {gamma}d {yields} n{sub s}{Delta}{sup ++}{pi}{sup -}. Die im Modell verwendete Winkelverteilung fuer den Zerfall der {Delta}-Resonanz ist in Anlehnung an aeltere Messungen am Proton mit W(cos{theta}) = 5 - 3 * cos{sup 2}{theta}) angenommen worden. Mit diesem Modell konnten die gemessenen Daten gut beschrieben werden. Unterschiede in der Zerfallswinkelverteilung zwischen den gemessenen und berechneten Daten unter dem Winkel {theta}{sup J} {approx} 90 sind moeglicherweise ein Indiz fuer Endzustandwechselwirkungen, die im reinen Zuschauermodell nicht beruecksichtigt werden.

fMRI and DTI in delayed development of number processing; fMRT und DTI bei Entwicklungsverzoegerung der Zahlenverarbeitung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krick, C.M.; Neuhaus, A.; Klewin, C.; Woerner, T.; Kreis, S.; Reith, W. [Universitaetsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Homburg/Saar (Germany)

2015-09-15

The neuronal correlate of the current cultural performance arose from developmental processes that can be observed by functional and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. The velocity of these maturation processes occurs differently between adolescents, causing implications for both school career and academic performance. Regarding spatial-numerical cognition the myelinization of the superior longitudinal bundle appears to be crucial because this fiber connection intermediates between the linguistic nature of number words and conception of their spatial-numerical magnitude. The neuroscientific observation of anatomical brain maturation and its influence on school-relevant number processing may be helpful for educational purposes as well as for school psychology. (orig.) [German] Das neuronale Fundament unserer Kulturleistungen ist einem Entwicklungsprozess unterworfen, der ueber funktionelle und anatomische Magnetresonanzbildgebung beobachtet werden kann. Diese Reifungsprozesse verlaufen bei verschiedenen Jugendlichen unterschiedlich rasch, sodass sich darueber auch Wechselwirkungen mit der Schullaufbahn und schulischen Leistungen ergeben. Im Fall der raeumlich-numerischen Kognition spielt u. a. die Myelinisierung des Fasciculus longitudinalis superior eine entscheidende Rolle, weil diese Faserverbindung fuer das Vermitteln zwischen sprachlichem Zahlenkode und numerischer Groessenvorstellung relevant ist. Die neurowissenschaftliche Darstellung anatomischer Reifeprozesse und deren Einfluss auf die schulrelevanten Prozesse der Zahlenverarbeitung koennen im Lichte paedagogischer oder schulpsychologischer Ueberlegungen dienlich erscheinen. (orig.)

Constructing Palaeo-DEMs in landscape evolution: example of the Geren catchment, Turkey

Science.gov (United States)

van Gorp, Wouter; Schoorl, Jeroen M.; Veldkamp, Tom; Maddy, Darrel; Demir, Tuncer; Aytac, Serdar

2017-04-01

How to reconstruct the past landscape and how does this influence your modelling results? This is an important paradigma in the soilscape and landscape evolution modelling community. Here an example of Turkey will be presented where a 300 ka LEM simulation requested to the thoroughly think about the initial landscape as an important input. What information can be used to know the morphology of a landscape 300 ka ago? The Geren catchment, a tributary of the upstream Gediz river near Kula, Turkey, has been influenced by base level changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Different lavaflows have blocked the Gediz and Geren river several times over in the timespan of the last 300 ka -200 Ka and in the recent Holocene. The heavily dissected Geren catchment shows a landscape evolution which is more complex than just a reaction on these base level changes. The steps and inputs of the palaeo DEM reconstruction will be presented and the modelling results will be presented. Keywords: Digital Elevation Model, Palaeo DEMs, Numerical modelling

Creating high-resolution bare-earth digital elevation models (DEMs) from stereo imagery in an area of densely vegetated deciduous forest using combinations of procedures designed for lidar point cloud filtering

Science.gov (United States)

DeWitt, Jessica D.; Warner, Timothy A.; Chirico, Peter G.; Bergstresser, Sarah E.

2017-01-01

For areas of the world that do not have access to lidar, fine-scale digital elevation models (DEMs) can be photogrammetrically created using globally available high-spatial resolution stereo satellite imagery. The resultant DEM is best termed a digital surface model (DSM) because it includes heights of surface features. In densely vegetated conditions, this inclusion can limit its usefulness in applications requiring a bare-earth DEM. This study explores the use of techniques designed for filtering lidar point clouds to mitigate the elevation artifacts caused by above ground features, within the context of a case study of Prince William Forest Park, Virginia, USA. The influences of land cover and leaf-on vs. leaf-off conditions are investigated, and the accuracy of the raw photogrammetric DSM extracted from leaf-on imagery was between that of a lidar bare-earth DEM and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM. Although the filtered leaf-on photogrammetric DEM retains some artifacts of the vegetation canopy and may not be useful for some applications, filtering procedures significantly improved the accuracy of the modeled terrain. The accuracy of the DSM extracted in leaf-off conditions was comparable in most areas to the lidar bare-earth DEM and filtering procedures resulted in accuracy comparable of that to the lidar DEM.

Inferring sediment connectivity from high-resolution DEMs of Difference

Science.gov (United States)

Heckmann, Tobias; Vericat, Damià

2017-04-01

Topographic changes due to the erosion and deposition of bedrock, sediments and soil can be measured by differencing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) acquired at different points in time. So-called morphological sediment budgets can be computed from such DEMs of Difference (DoD) on an areal rather than a point basis. The advent of high-resolution and highly accurate surveying techniques (e.g. LiDAR, SfM), together with recent advances of survey platforms (e.g. UaVs) provides opportunities to improve the spatial and temporal scale (in terms of extent and resolution), the availability and quality of such measurements. Many studies have used DoD to investigate and interpret the spatial pattern of positive and negative vertical differences in terms of erosion and deposition, or of horizontal movement. Vertical differences can be converted to volumes, and negative (erosion) and positive (deposition) volumetric changes aggregated for spatial units (e.g., landforms, hillslopes, river channels) have been used to compute net balances. We argue that flow routing algorithms common in digital terrain analysis provide a means to enrich DoD-based investigations with some information about (potential) sediment pathways - something that has been widely neglected in previous studies. Where the DoD indicates a positive surface change, flow routing delineates the upslope area where the deposited sediment has potentially been derived from. In the downslope direction, flow routing indicates probable downslope pathways of material eroded/detached/entrained where the DoD shows negative surface change. This material has either been deposited along these pathways or been flushed out of the area of investigation. This is a question of sediment connectivity, a property of a system (i.e. a hillslope, a sub-/catchment) that describes its potential to move sediment through itself. The sediment pathways derived from the DEM are related to structural connectivity, while the spatial pattern of (net

Pre-2014 mudslides at Oso revealed by InSAR and multi-source DEM analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, J. W.; Lu, Z.; QU, F.

2014-12-01

The landslide is a process that results in the downward and outward movement of slope-reshaping materials including rocks and soils and annually causes the loss of approximately $3.5 billion and tens of casualties in the United States. The 2014 Oso mudslide was an extreme event costing nearly 40 deaths and damaging civilian properties. Landslides are often unpredictable, but in many cases, catastrophic events are repetitive. Historic record in the Oso mudslide site indicates that there have been serial events in decades, though the extent of sliding events varied from time to time. In our study, the combination of multi-source DEMs, InSAR, and time-series InSAR analysis has enabled to characterize the Oso mudslide. InSAR results from ALOS PALSAR show that there was no significant deformation between mid-2006 and 2011. The combination of time-series InSAR analysis and old-dated DEM indicated revealed topographic changes associated the 2006 sliding event, which is confirmed by the difference of multiple LiDAR DEMs. Precipitation and discharge measurements before the 2006 and 2014 landslide events did not exhibit extremely anomalous records, suggesting the precipitation is not the controlling factor in determining the sliding events at Oso. The lack of surface deformation during 2006-2011 and weak correlation between the precipitation and the sliding event, suggest other factors (such as porosity) might play a critical role on the run-away events at this Oso and other similar landslides.

Effects of oxygen on the re-injection characteristics of thermal water with high salinity and a high iron content; Zum Einfluss von Sauerstoff auf das Reinjektionsverhalten hochsalinarer, eisenhaltiger Thermalwaesser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin, M.; Koeckritz, V. [TU BA Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bohrtechnnik und Fluidbergbau; Seibt, A. [GeoForschungsZentrum PB 4.4, Neubrandenburg (Germany)

1998-12-31

For reasons of environmental protection and in order to maintain a constant pressure level, hydrogeothermal water must be re-injected into the reservoir after use. However, human interception in the natural fluid/rock system will change the thermodynamic parameters and also the pH and redox potential. This may cause interactions between bedrock, underground water, and the re-injected fluid and have negatives effects on injectivity. Research is going on in this field on the basis of the experience gained in geothermal heating stations in north eastern Germany. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei einer energetischen und/oder stofflichen Nutzung hydrogeothermaler Ressourcen muessen die Waesser aus Gruenden des Umweltschutzes und der Druckerhaltung im Speicher wieder in das Reservoir verbracht werden. Durch den Eingriff in das natuerliche System Fluid/Gestein werden nicht nur thermodynamische Zustandsgroessen veraendert, sondern es sind auch pH- und Redoxpotentialaenderungen z.B. durch Gasentloesungen zu erwarten. Dies kann beim Reinjizieren zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Speichergestein, dem Schichtwasser und dem injizierten Fluid fuehren, was negative Auswirkungen auf die Injektivitaetsentwicklung haben kann. Eine geeignete Methode zur Aufklaerung von Einzeleffekten und zur Abschaetzung von chemischen Wechselwirkungen stellen Kerndurchstroemungsversuche dar. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchungen sind die Erfahrungen aus dem Betrieb Geothermischer Heizzentralen Nordostdeutschlands. (orig.)

The EEG as an instrument of the Federal areal management of renewable energies - also a contribution to the discussion about energy sectoral planning; Das EEG als Instrument des Bundes zur raeumlichen Steuerung der erneuerbaren Energien - zugleich ein Beitrag zur Diskussion um eine Energiefachplanung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gruener, Anna-Maria [Stiftung Umweltenergierecht, Wuerzburg (Germany); Sailer, Frank [Stiftung Umweltenergierecht, Wuerzburg (Germany). Forschungsgebiet Energieanlagen- und Infrastrukturrecht

2016-05-15

The areal management of the power generation structure takes place at first glance mainly on the Zoning and Planning Law, less than the energy law. The only sporadically encountered jurisprudential work for controlling effect of the EEG came to the conclusion, the current configuration of the support system in the EEG is in deficit and ''blind'' to the localization and areal distribution of energy generation plants in the Federal territory, although the EEG is representing a ''downright predestined management tool''. On closer inspection, however, shows that individual provisions have entirely certain location preferences or cause areal distribution effects and the EEG thus play a management effect. The contribution is therefore devoted to the question of whether and how the EEG 2014, with the overall network expansion and payment system is able to manage the energy production from renewable energy sources in the area and whether an energy specialist planning is useful and necessary. [German] Die raeumliche Steuerung der Energieerzeugungsstruktur findet auf den ersten Blick vornehmlich ueber das Raumordnungs- und Planungsrecht statt, weniger ueber das Energierecht. Die allenfalls vereinzelt anzutreffenden rechtswissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zur Steuerungsleistung des EEG kommen zu dem Ergebnis, die jetzige Ausgestaltung des Foerdersystems im EEG sei defizitaer und ''blind'' gegenueber der Lokalisierung und raeumlichen Verteilung von EE-Anlagen im Bundesgebiet, obwohl das EEG doch ein ''geradezu praedestiniertes Steuerungsinstrument'' darstelle. Bei naeherer Betrachtung zeigt sich jedoch, dass einzelne Regelungen durchaus bestimmte Standortpraeferenzen aufweisen bzw. raeumliche Verteilungseffekte bewirken und dem EEG damit eine steuernde Wirkung zukommt. Der Beitrag widmet sich daher der Frage, ob und wie das EEG 2014 sowie das allgemeine Netzausbau- und -entgeltsystem die Energieerzeugung

The WTO ministerial conference in Seattle - results and future prospects for environmental protection; Die WTO-Ministerkonferenz in Seattle - Ergebnisse und Perspektiven fuer den Umweltschutz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuchs, P; Pfahl, S; Reichert, T [AG Handel des Forums und Entwicklung im Deutschen Naturschutzring (DNR), Bonn (Germany)

2000-10-01

The third Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) took place in Seattle (USA) from November 30{sup th} to December 3{sup rd} 1999. WTO members failed to agree on an agenda for a new round of trade-negotiation that should also include environmental and sustainability aspects. The Seattle Ministerial Conference provoked massive protests from non-governmental organisations (NGO) dealing with environment and development issues. They see the GATT/WTO regime - and globalisation in general - as a threat to their concerns. Against this background, the study analyses possibilities for the integration of environmental and sustainability aspects into upcoming WTO-negotiations. The focus is on views and proposals from international NGOs and critical scientists. First, the study deals with current and potential future areas of conflicts between environmental and trade policies. Furthermore, the environmental aspects of trade liberalisation in specific sectors and regulatory fields are discussed, which are currently negotiated in the WTO (agriculture, services) or which should be included in further negotiations (forest products, investment, etc.). The study moves on to an account of the WTO-Conference in Seattle from an environmental perspective and demonstrate a multitude of factors contributed to the failure of the conference. (orig.) [German] Vom 30.11. bis 03.12.1999 tagte in Seattle (USA) die 3. Ministerkonferenz der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO). Sie scheiterte bei dem Versuch, eine Einigung ueber die Agenda fuer eine neue WTO-Verhandlungsrunde herbeizufuehren, die auch Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte einschliessen sollte. Die Konferenz stand unter dem starken Eindruck massiver Proteste von zahlreichen Umwelt- und Entwicklungsorganisationen, die im GATT/WTO-Regime - sowie grundsaetzlich in der Globalisierung - eine Bedrohung fuer Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsanliegen sehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die Studie die Moeglichkeiten einer

Fatigue behaviour of metals. 2. ed.; Ermuedungsverhalten metallischer Werkstoffe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christ, H.J. [Siegen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstofftechnik

2009-07-01

The book presents an outline of the fatigue characteristics of metals. Interested students, engineers, scientists and users are provided with a basic understanding of the possible processes, from which they will get a feeling for the processes going on inside materials under fatigue stress which is indispensable for developing and testing modern constructional materials. Subjects: Introduction and outline - Material fatigue and microstructure - Cyclic stress-strain behaviour - Cracking - Electron microscopy - Fundamentals of fracture mechanics - Fatigue crack growth - Cyclic strength of steels - Thermomechanical fatigue - Operating strength of components - Fatigue of welded constructions. [German] In dem vorliegenden Buch wird ein Ueberblick ueber die Ermuedung metallischer Werkstoffe gegeben. Interessierten Studenten, Ingenieuren, Wissenschaftlern und Anwendern wird ein Grundverstaendnis fuer die moeglichen Prozesse vermittelt, aus dem sich ein Gefuehl fuer die Vorgaenge im Werkstoff bei zyklischer Beanspruchung entwickelt - unabdingbar fuer Entwicklung und Pruefung moderner Kontruktionswerkstoffe. Es enthaelt folgende Themen: Einfuehrung und Ueberblick - Materialermuedung und Mikrostruktur - Zyklisches Spannungs-Dehnungsverhalten - Rissbildung - Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen - Grundlagen der Bruchmechanik - Ermuedungsrisswachstum - Schwingfestigkeit von Staehlen - Thermomechanisches Ermuedungsverhalten - Betriebsfestigkeit von Bauteilen - Ermuedung von Schweisskonstruktionen.

A Review of Discrete Element Method (DEM) Particle Shapes and Size Distributions for Lunar Soil

Science.gov (United States)

Lane, John E.; Metzger, Philip T.; Wilkinson, R. Allen

2010-01-01

As part of ongoing efforts to develop models of lunar soil mechanics, this report reviews two topics that are important to discrete element method (DEM) modeling the behavior of soils (such as lunar soils): (1) methods of modeling particle shapes and (2) analytical representations of particle size distribution. The choice of particle shape complexity is driven primarily by opposing tradeoffs with total number of particles, computer memory, and total simulation computer processing time. The choice is also dependent on available DEM software capabilities. For example, PFC2D/PFC3D and EDEM support clustering of spheres; MIMES incorporates superquadric particle shapes; and BLOKS3D provides polyhedra shapes. Most commercial and custom DEM software supports some type of complex particle shape beyond the standard sphere. Convex polyhedra, clusters of spheres and single parametric particle shapes such as the ellipsoid, polyellipsoid, and superquadric, are all motivated by the desire to introduce asymmetry into the particle shape, as well as edges and corners, in order to better simulate actual granular particle shapes and behavior. An empirical particle size distribution (PSD) formula is shown to fit desert sand data from Bagnold. Particle size data of JSC-1a obtained from a fine particle analyzer at the NASA Kennedy Space Center is also fitted to a similar empirical PSD function.

ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF GRID DEM GENERATION BASED ON GAUSSIAN MARKOV RANDOM FIELD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. J. Aguilar

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Digital Elevation Models (DEMs are considered as one of the most relevant geospatial data to carry out land-cover and land-use classification. This work deals with the application of a mathematical framework based on a Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF to interpolate grid DEMs from scattered elevation data. The performance of the GMRF interpolation model was tested on a set of LiDAR data (0.87 points/m2 provided by the Spanish Government (PNOA Programme over a complex working area mainly covered by greenhouses in Almería, Spain. The original LiDAR data was decimated by randomly removing different fractions of the original points (from 10% to up to 99% of points removed. In every case, the remaining points (scattered observed points were used to obtain a 1 m grid spacing GMRF-interpolated Digital Surface Model (DSM whose accuracy was assessed by means of the set of previously extracted checkpoints. The GMRF accuracy results were compared with those provided by the widely known Triangulation with Linear Interpolation (TLI. Finally, the GMRF method was applied to a real-world case consisting of filling the LiDAR-derived DSM gaps after manually filtering out non-ground points to obtain a Digital Terrain Model (DTM. Regarding accuracy, both GMRF and TLI produced visually pleasing and similar results in terms of vertical accuracy. As an added bonus, the GMRF mathematical framework makes possible to both retrieve the estimated uncertainty for every interpolated elevation point (the DEM uncertainty and include break lines or terrain discontinuities between adjacent cells to produce higher quality DTMs.

Bank gully extraction from DEMs utilizing the geomorphologic features of a loess hilly area in China

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xin; Na, Jiaming; Tang, Guoan; Wang, Tingting; Zhu, Axing

2018-04-01

As one of most active gully types in the Chinese Loess Plateau, bank gullies generally indicate soil loss and land degradation. This study addressed the lack of detailed, large scale monitoring of bank gullies and proposed a semi-automatic method for extracting bank gullies, given typical topographic features based on 5 m resolution DEMs. First, channel networks, including bank gullies, are extracted through an iterative channel burn-in algorithm. Second, gully heads are correctly positioned based on the spatial relationship between gully heads and their corresponding gully shoulder lines. Third, bank gullies are distinguished from other gullies using the newly proposed topographic measurement of "relative gully depth (RGD)." The experimental results from the loess hilly area of the Linjiajian watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau show that the producer accuracy reaches 87.5%. The accuracy is affected by the DEM resolution and RGD parameters, as well as the accuracy of the gully shoulder line. The application in the Madigou watershed with a high DEM resolution validated the duplicability of this method in other areas. The overall performance shows that bank gullies can be extracted with acceptable accuracy over a large area, which provides essential information for research on soil erosion, geomorphology, and environmental ecology.

Solar drying of liquid manure. Final report; Solare Trocknung von Guelle. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reuss, M.; Hainzlmeier, F.; Schulz, H.

1997-05-01

This is a report on the solar drying of manure in a simple greenhouse tunnel. As part of the research project, a pilot plant was set up at the Duernast agricultural research station of the Technical University of Munich at Weihenstephan. During a test programme of more than one year, process engineering and mode of operation were studied and optimized by means of this pilot plant. (HW) [Deutsch] Es wird berichtet ueber solare Guelletrocknung in einem einfachen Gewaechshaustunnel. Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens wurde eine Versuchsanlage auf dem landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsgut Duernast den TH Muenchen/Weihenstephan errichtet. An der Anlage wurde in einem mehr als einjaehrigen Versuchsprogramm die Verfahrenstechnik und Betriebsweise untersucht und optimiert. (HW)

`Mountain Hut` promotion programme of Isar Amperwerke - interim project report; Foerderprogramm Berghuetten der Isar-Amperwerke - Projektstatus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pfeiffer, G.; Reiner, H. [Isar-Amperwerke AG, Abt. ETK, Muenchen (Germany)

1997-12-31

The purpose of the ``Mountain Hut`` promotion programme is to accelerate the conversion of mountain hut power supply systems to renewables. Under this programme, which exclusively promotes the installation of renewable energy systems (hydropower, solar energy, wind power, biomass), Isar Amperwerke contributes up to a maximum of 50% of the investment costs. The present article briefly reports on four projects that have already been realised. (HW) [Deutsch] Mit dem Foerderprogramm `Berghuetten` soll die Stromversorgung von Berghuetten staerker auf erneuerbare Energietraeger umgestellt werden. Die Zuschussrate der Isar-Amper-Werke betraegt dabei maximal 50%, wobei nur regenerative Energien (Wasserkraft, Solarenergie, Windkraft und Biomasse) gefoerdert werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Ueberblick ueber vier schon realisierte Projekte. (HW)

To the question on accuracy of forest heights’ measurements by the TanDEM-X radar interferometry data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. N. Chimitdorzhiev

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the validation results of the InSAR method for determining the forest canopy height, based on TanDEM-X and ALOS PALSAR data. The research conducted on the territory of the Baikal-Kudara forest area of the Republic of Buryatia (52°10'N, 106°48'E. Forest vegetation is represented mainly by conifers – pine, and spruce, with a small admixture of deciduous trees – aspen, birch, etc. The forest vegetation height was determined by subtracting the digital elevation model (DEM of the digital terrain model (DTM. DEM is built according to the L-band (wavelength of 23.5 cm ALOS PALSAR satellite with horizontal co-polarization mode. In the investigation it was assumed that a radar signal of ALOS PALSAR passes all forest thickness and reflected from the underlying surface, made it possible to recover terrain under forest canopy. DTM has been built using the TanDEM-X data (wavelength 3 cm. In this case, it was assumed that the radar echoes scattered from a some virtual phase centers of scattering surface, which characterizes the upper limit of the continuous forest canopy. To check the accuracy of satellite definitions of forest height in study area were made high-precision geodetic measurement of trees heights using electronic total station and the coordinates of geographic control points using differential GPS receivers. The discrepancy between the satellite and ground-based measurements at 11 test sites did not exceed 2 m, which is mainly due to the difference in measurement techniques: height of individual trees by ground methods and continuous forest canopy height using radar interferometry.

La revista Demófilo y la antropología cultural en Andalucía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodríguez Becerra, Salvador

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Published since 1987 by the Machado Foundation, of Seville, Demófilo represents the resumption of scientific folklore studies in the late 19^th century championed by Antonio Machado y Álvarez and published in the journal El Folk-lore Andaluz. The basic objectives of Demófilo are «to rescue, analyze and divulge Andalousia's traditional culture.» The journal is oriented toward high schools, colleges and universities in Andalousia as well as any institution interested in the traditional culture of the area, such as museums and organizations supporting Andalousia's cultural heritage. The authors also include in this article a summary of the journal's monographic issues published to date.

Publicación de la Fundación Machado, de Sevilla, y nacida en 1987, Demófilo enlaza con su predecesora en el siglo XIX, El Folk-lore Andaluz, del movimiento sevillano de estudio científico del folklore que animara sobre todo Antonio Machado y Álvarez. Demófilo tiene como objetivos básicos «rescatar, analizar y difundir la cultura tradicional andaluza» y va dirigida especialmente a centros de enseñanza media y universidades de Andalucía, así como a instituciones interesadas en la cultura tradicional de la región, como museos y asociaciones de defensa del patrimonio cultural. Los autores incluyen también en este artículo un resumen de los números monográficos de la revista publicados hasta la fecha.

Impact of mesh and DEM resolutions in SEM simulation of 3D seismic response

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Khan, Saad; van der Meijde, M.; van der Werff, H.M.A.; Shafique, Muhammad

2017-01-01

This study shows that the resolution of a digital elevation model (DEM) and model mesh strongly influences 3D simulations of seismic response. Topographic heterogeneity scatters seismic waves and causes variation in seismic response (am-plification and deamplification of seismic amplitudes) at the

5 Meter Alaska Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) - USGS National Map 3DEP Downloadable Data Collection

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior — This dataset is comprised of 5-meter ifsar-derived Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) over Alaska only. It is distributed as one-degree blocks with overedge. Horizontal...

Aerial photography flight quality assessment with GPS/INS and DEM data

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Haitao; Zhang, Bing; Shang, Jiali; Liu, Jiangui; Li, Dong; Chen, Yanyan; Zuo, Zhengli; Chen, Zhengchao

2018-01-01

The flight altitude, ground coverage, photo overlap, and other acquisition specifications of an aerial photography flight mission directly affect the quality and accuracy of the subsequent mapping tasks. To ensure smooth post-flight data processing and fulfill the pre-defined mapping accuracy, flight quality assessments should be carried out in time. This paper presents a novel and rigorous approach for flight quality evaluation of frame cameras with GPS/INS data and DEM, using geometric calculation rather than image analysis as in the conventional methods. This new approach is based mainly on the collinearity equations, in which the accuracy of a set of flight quality indicators is derived through a rigorous error propagation model and validated with scenario data. Theoretical analysis and practical flight test of an aerial photography mission using an UltraCamXp camera showed that the calculated photo overlap is accurate enough for flight quality assessment of 5 cm ground sample distance image, using the SRTMGL3 DEM and the POSAV510 GPS/INS data. An even better overlap accuracy could be achieved for coarser-resolution aerial photography. With this new approach, the flight quality evaluation can be conducted on site right after landing, providing accurate and timely information for decision making.

DEM modeling of failure mechanisms induced by excavations on the Moon

Science.gov (United States)

jiang, mingjing; shen, zhifu; Utili, Stefano

2013-04-01

2D Discrete Element Method (DEM) analyses were performed for excavations supported by retaining walls in lunar environment. The lunar terrain is made of a layer of sand (regolith) which differs from terrestrial sands for two main features: the presence of adhesive attractive forces due to van der Waals interactions and grains being very irregular in shape leading to high interlocking. A simplified contact model based on linear elasticity and perfect plasticity was employed. The contact model includes a moment - relative rotation law to account for high interlocking among grains and a normal adhesion law to account for the van der Waals interactions. Analyses of the excavations were run under both lunar and terrestrial environments. Under lunar environment, gravity is approximately one sixth than the value on Earth and adhesion forces between grains of lunar regolith due to van der Waals interactions are not negligible. From the DEM simulations it emerged that van der Waals interactions may significantly increase the bending moment and deflection of the retaining wall, and the ground displacements. Hence this study indicates that an unsafe estimate of the wall response to an excavation on the Moon would be obtained from physical experiments performed in a terrestrial environment, i.e., considering the effect of gravity but neglecting the van der Waals interactions.

SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry - a tool for improving the quality of diagnostics, treatment and care of dementia patients in clinical practice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dorota Religa

Full Text Available The Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem was developed with the aim to improve the quality of diagnostic work-up, treatment and care of patients with dementia disorders in Sweden.SveDem is an internet based quality registry where several indicators can be followed over time. It includes information about the diagnostic work-up, medical treatment and community support (www.svedem.se. The patients are diagnosed and followed-up yearly in specialist units, primary care centres or in nursing homes.The database was initiated in May 2007 and covers almost all of Sweden. There were 28 722 patients registered with a mean age of 79.3 years during 2007-2012. Each participating unit obtains continuous online statistics from its own registrations and they can be compared with regional and national data. A report from SveDem is published yearly to inform medical and care professionals as well as political and administrative decision-makers about the current quality of diagnostics, treatment and care of patients with dementia disorders in Sweden.SveDem provides knowledge about current dementia care in Sweden and serves as a framework for ensuring the quality of diagnostics, treatment and care across the country. It also reflects changes in quality dementia care over time. Data from SveDem can be used to further develop the national guidelines for dementia and to generate new research hypotheses.

Steueroptimierte Alters- und Berufsunfähigkeitsvorsorge nach dem Alterseinkünftegesetz

OpenAIRE

Eberhardt, Michael G.

2007-01-01

Eine höhere Lebenserwartung bei gleichzeitiger Überalterung der deutschen Gesellschaft sind maßgebliche Gründe eines heute bereits festzustellenden Defizits der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung. Die jüngste Rentenreform mit dem Altersvermögens- und Alterseinkünftegesetz setzte deshalb maßgebliche Anreize, die Alterssicherung eigenverantwortlich um eine private, staatlich geförderte Vorsorge zu ergänzen. Jedoch mangelt es derzeit vorwiegend an einer fachkundigen Informations- und Beratungsleist...

Materials flow systems. Haulage- and storage technology. 3. new rev. ed.; Materialflusssysteme. Foerder- und Lagertechnik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hompel, Michael ten; Juenemann, Reinhardt (eds.); Schmidt, Thorsten; Nagel, Lars [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Materialfluss und Logistik (IML), Dortmund (Germany)

2007-07-01

This basic textbook of intralogistics focuses on material flow systems as a symbiosis of in-house organisation and its physical implementation. There are many tables, graphs and technical data, as well as a multitude of examples and options that give the reader a comprehensive survey of the key components of transport and storage techniques. To design efficient material flow systems, one must have knowledge of the state of the art of currently available technologies for material flow operations and their interactions in the many envisageable applications. The book is a decision aid for students, practicians, planners and decision-makers. There is also an introduction to the design and analytical calculation of material flow systems that provides a comprehensive outline of the available components for meeting the central logistic functions of storage, transport, joining of material flow, and distribution. (orig.) [German] Materialflusssysteme als Symbiose aus betrieblicher Organisation und physischer, foerdertechnischer Umsetzung stehen im Mittelpunkt dieses Grundlagenwerks der Intralogistik. Zahlreiche Tabellen, Grafiken und technische Daten sowie eine Fuelle von Systembeispielen und Auswahlmoeglichkeiten liefern dem Leser einen vollstaendigen Ueberblick ueber die wesentlichen Komponenten der Foerder- und Lagertechnik. Die Gestaltung effizienter Materialflusssysteme setzt Kenntnisse ueber den Stand der heute verfuegbaren Technologien fuer die vielfaeltigen Materialflussoperationen und deren Wechselwirkungen in den zahlreichen Anwendungen voraus. Beim Abwaegen der grossen Auswahl an Gestaltungsmoeglichkeiten, die aus den vielen Technologien hervorgeht, steht dieses Buch sowohl Studierenden als auch Praktikern, Planern und Entscheidern zur Seite. Eine Einfuehrung in die Planung und analytische Berechnung von Materialflusssystemen vervollstaendigt den grundlegenden Ueberblick ueber die Komponenten zur Erfuellung der zentralen logistischen Funktionen, Dinge zu lagern

Toward the modeling of combustion reactions through discrete element method (DEM) simulations

Science.gov (United States)

Reis, Martina Costa; Alobaid, Falah; Wang, Yongqi

2018-03-01

In this work, the process of combustion of coal particles under turbulent regime in a high-temperature reaction chamber is modeled through 3D discrete element method (DEM) simulations. By assuming the occurrence of interfacial transport phenomena between the gas and solid phases, one investigates the influence of the physicochemical properties of particles on the rates of heterogeneous chemical reactions, as well as the influence of eddies present in the gas phase on the mass transport of reactants toward the coal particles surface. Moreover, by considering a simplistic chemical mechanism for the combustion process, thermochemical and kinetic parameters obtained from the simulations are employed to discuss some phenomenological aspects of the combustion process. In particular, the observed changes in the mass and volume of coal particles during the gasification and combustion steps are discussed by emphasizing the changes in the chemical structure of the coal. In addition to illustrate how DEM simulations can be used in the modeling of consecutive and parallel chemical reactions, this work also shows how heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions become a source of mass and energy for the gas phase.

Historic Low Wall Detection via Topographic Parameter Images Derived from Fine-Resolution DEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hone-Jay Chu

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Coral walls protect vegetation gardens from strong winds that sweep across Xiji Island, Taiwan Strait for half the year. Topographic parameters based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR-based high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM provide obvious correspondence with the expected form of landscape features. The information on slope, curvature, and openness can help identify the location of landscape features. This study applied the automatic landscape line detection to extract historic vegetable garden wall lines from a LiDAR-derived DEM. The three rapid processes used in this study included the derivation of topographic parameters, line extraction, and aggregation. The rules were extracted from a decision tree to check the line detection from multiple topographic parameters. Results show that wall line detection with multiple topographic parameter images is an alternative means of obtaining essential historic wall feature information. Multiple topographic parameters are highly related to low wall feature identification. Furthermore, the accuracy of wall feature detection is 74% compared with manual interpretation. Thus, this study provides rapid wall detection systems with multiple topographic parameters for further historic landscape management.

Verbesserung der Lebensqualität bei Kinderwunsch-Behandlung durch den Gebrauch patientenfreundlicher Follitropin-Fertigpens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bitzer J

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Zur Behandlung des unerfüllten Kinderwunsches unterziehen sich viele Frauen einer assistierten Reproduktionstherapie mit ovarieller Stimulation. Dazu erfolgen tägliche subkutane Injektionen mit Gonadotropinen, welche die Patientinnen eigenständig durchführen können. Häufig haben Patientinnen dabei Angst vor Spritzen und injektionsbedingten Schmerzen. Die vorliegende Beobachtungsstudie zum Einfluss der Anwendung des Follitropin alfa-Fertigpens (Gonal-f®-Pen auf die Lebensqualität der Patientinnen zeigt die Ergebnisse einer Befragung von 170 Frauen zu Angst und Zufriedenheit mit diesem Applikationssystem. Die Erfahrungen wurden vor und nach den Behandlungszyklen auf numerischen Analogskalen quantifiziert und nachfolgend verglichen. Die Studie ergab, dass durch die Verwendung des Gonal-f®-Pens die Angst vor der Injektion und vor Schmerzen signifikant abnahm. Zudem waren die Patientinnen mit dem Applikationssystem äußerst zufrieden.

Extraction of multi-scale landslide morphological features based on local Gi* using airborne LiDAR-derived DEM

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Wenzhong; Deng, Susu; Xu, Wenbing

2018-02-01

For automatic landslide detection, landslide morphological features should be quantitatively expressed and extracted. High-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) derived from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data allow fine-scale morphological features to be extracted, but noise in DEMs influences morphological feature extraction, and the multi-scale nature of landslide features should be considered. This paper proposes a method to extract landslide morphological features characterized by homogeneous spatial patterns. Both profile and tangential curvature are utilized to quantify land surface morphology, and a local Gi* statistic is calculated for each cell to identify significant patterns of clustering of similar morphometric values. The method was tested on both synthetic surfaces simulating natural terrain and airborne LiDAR data acquired over an area dominated by shallow debris slides and flows. The test results of the synthetic data indicate that the concave and convex morphologies of the simulated terrain features at different scales and distinctness could be recognized using the proposed method, even when random noise was added to the synthetic data. In the test area, cells with large local Gi* values were extracted at a specified significance level from the profile and the tangential curvature image generated from the LiDAR-derived 1-m DEM. The morphologies of landslide main scarps, source areas and trails were clearly indicated, and the morphological features were represented by clusters of extracted cells. A comparison with the morphological feature extraction method based on curvature thresholds proved the proposed method's robustness to DEM noise. When verified against a landslide inventory, the morphological features of almost all recent (historical (> 10 years) landslides were extracted. This finding indicates that the proposed method can facilitate landslide detection, although the cell clusters extracted from curvature images should

Long-Wave Radiation Divergence over Water and Land from Measurement and Calculation (Die Langwellige Strahlungsdivergenz ueber Wasser und ueber dem Festen Boden nach Messung und Rechnung),

Science.gov (United States)

surface temperature field. If these are eliminated, which is relatively simple over a water surface, the differences between calculated and measured...divergences at these levels is less than 20%, on the average. The relative variation of the divergence with height is somewhat greater over water than over land, due to the different temperature profiles. (Author)

Magnetisches Tracking für die Navigation mit dem da Vinci® Surgical System

Science.gov (United States)

Nickel, Felix; Wegner, Ingmar; Kenngott, Hannes; Neuhaus, Jochen; Müller-Stich, Beat P.; Meinzer, Hans-Peter; Gutt, Carsten N.

In dieser Studie wurde untersucht ob in einem typischen OP-Aufbau mit dem da Vinci® Telemanipulator elektromagnetisches Tracking für die Realisation eines Navigationssystems eingesetzt werden kann. Hierfür wurde in einem realen OP-Aufbau untersucht, wie stark metallische und ferromagnetisch wirksame Objekte wie Operationstisch und Telemanipulator das elektromagnetische Feld des Trackingsystems beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Telemanipulator nur unwesentlich die Störung des Magnetfeldes durch den OP-Tisch verstärkt. Insbesondere die Bewegung der Instrumente im Trackingvolumen verursachte keine zusätzliche relevante Störung des Magnetfeldes. Bei Begrenzung des Trackingvolumens auf eine Länge von 190 mm, Höhe von 200mm und Breite von 400 mm war der maximale Fehler in diesem Bereich an allen Messpunkten kleiner 10 mm. Der Einsatz von elektromagnetischem Tracking für die Navigation mit dem da Vinci® Surgical System ist somit in einem begrenzten Arbeitsvolumen mit hinreichender Genauigkeit möglich.

Die Struktur der Handgesten im indischen Tanz nach dem „Nāṭya-Śāstra“ des Bharata (NŚBh)

OpenAIRE

Müller, Biliana

2008-01-01

In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird eine Strukturanalyse der Gestensprache im indischen Tanz nach einem schriftlich vorliegenden Text vorgeschlagen – dem neunten Kapitel des ‚Nāṭya-Śāstra‘ eines legendären Autors namens Bharata. Der untersuchte Text ist Zeugnis für ein Zeichensystem, das über mehr als zwei Jahrtausende als Basis für die symbolische Interaktion auf dem indischen Subkontinent gedient hat und heute in zahlreichen Variationen präsent ist. Dieses Zeichensystem ist im semiotische...

Creating new jobs in a former lignite mining area. Energy efficiency partnership proves helpful to the weak regional economy; Wo die Bagger stillstehen.... Energiesparpartnerschaft hilft wirtschaftlich schwacher Region dreifach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2001-04-01

The contribution discusses an energy efficiency partnership in the public sector of the Land Saxony-Anhalt. The contract between the local office for school building maintenance and supplies of the Wittenberg district and the energy service provider Johnson Controls JCI Regelungstechnik GmbH is for facility and energy management of four school centers. The energy efficiency measures are calculated to achieve savings over a contractual period of seven years justifying the investment of DEM 640 000 for modern technology, and savings exceeding the money invested will go to the rural district administration. A particularly helpful effect for the region is that contracts for required work in this context are awarded to the local or regional trade and industry, thus raising the employment level. (orig./CB) [German] Die Zahl der Energiesparpartnerschaften mit der oeffentlichen Hand nimmt zu. Zuletzt hat die Johnson Controls JCI Regelungstechnik GmbH zusammen mit dem Landkreis Wittenberg in Sachsen-Anhalt den Startschuss fuer die gemeinsame Energiesparpartnerschaft fuer vier ausgewaehlte Liegenschaften der dortigen Schulverwaltung gegeben. Ueber eine Laufzeit von sieben Jahren spart der Dienstleister so viel Energie ein, dass sich Investitionen von 640.000 DM in moderne Gebaeudetechnik lohnen. Wird mehr Energie eingespart, so kommt dies dem Landkreis zugute. Eine Besonderheit in Wittenberg ist die Vergabe zahlreicher Leistungen an ortsnahe Unternehmen. Damit profitiert der Landkreis in sozialer, wirtschaftlicher und oekologischer Hinsicht. (orig.)

XX international {mu}-symposium - Brake conference. Papers; XX Internationales {mu}-Symposium - Bremsen-Fachtagung. Betraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Breuer, B. [ed.] [Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI), Darmstadt (Germany); Bauer, E. (comp.) [TMD Friction GmbH, Leverkusen (Germany)

2000-07-01

This year, more brake experts from the international automotive community than ever will take part in the XXth {mu}-Symposium upon the invitation of TMD Friction and learn about the latest developments in their professional fields, discuss with each other, and listen in the opening speech to the viewpoints of a behavioural scientist on braking as the main focus of {mu}-Symposium and {mu}-Club. The contents of this {mu}-Symposium will be the following: Braking from the behavioural scientist's viewpoint/research on tribological characteristics between Al-MMC brake disc and friction material/SBC - the electro-hydraulic brake system from Mercedes-Benz/total chassis management - heading for the intelligent chassis/TMD Friction - a company profile. (orig./AKF) [German] Bremsenexperten der internationalen Automobilwelt trafen sich im Herbst 2000 zum zwanzigsten Mal auf Einladung von TMD Friction in Bad Neuenahr. Dieser Bericht fasst - jeweils in deutsch und englisch - die Vortraege ueber neueste Entwicklungen aus Industrie und Hochschule zusammen. Im Einfuehrungsvortrag berichtet ein Verhaltenswissenschaftler ueber seine Gedanken zum Bremsen als dem Hauptgegenstand von {mu}-Symposium und {mu}-Club. Ferner gehoeren die Praesentation des elektrohydraulischen Bremssystems ebenso zum Programm des Symposiums wie die Vorstellung von Forschungsergebnissen neuer Reibpaarungen und der Blick auf die Zukunft des Fahrwerks im Verbund mit Fahrzeugregelsystemen. (orig./AKF)

Cd translocation into generative organs of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becher, M.; Woerner, A.; Schubert, S. [Giessen Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Pflanzenernaehrung

1997-12-31

genotypischen Unterschiede Cd-spezifisch waren und weder durch das Einzelsamengewicht noch durch die Cd-Konzentrationen im Spross beeinflusst wurden. Das Cd-Verteilungsmuster zwischen dem Fruchtgehaeuse und den Samen reifer Kapseln wich deutlich von dem des Ca ab, das als phloemimmobiles Referenzion gemessen wurde. Aufgrund dieser Beobachtungen kamen wir zu dem Schluss, dass Cd aus dem Fruchtgehaeuse in die Samen ueber das Phloem verlagert wurde. Dies wurde durch den direkten Cd-Nachweis in gesammeltem Phloemsaft aus Oelleinstengeln unterstuetzt. Als Quellen fuer das Samen-Cd identifizierten wir Fruchtgehaeuse und Blaetter. Die genotypischen Unterschiede bezueglich der Cd-Konzentrationen in den Samen liessen sich durch Unterschiede in der Cd-Verlagerung ueber das Phloem erklaeren. (orig.)

Ressourceneffiziente Produktion - Innovationsallianz Green Carbody Technologies: Vortrag gehalten auf dem 11. Cottbuser Leichtbauworkshop, Energie als Ressource, 28. und 29. Mai 2013, Cottbus

OpenAIRE

Putz, Matthias

2013-01-01

Produktionstechnik im Wandel, "Treiber" für Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz. Die Produktionstechnik muss sich den Herausforderungen Endlichkeit von fossilen Ressourcen, demografischer Wandel, Klimawandel, steigender Verbrauch an Elektrizität, Globalisierung und Wohlstand, unter dem Ansatz der Machbarkeit der Effizienz, stellen. Mit dem E3-Konzept -effiziente Produktionstechnik, emissionsneutrale, energieautarke Fabrik, Einbindung des Menschen- forscht die FHG an Lösungen für eine ressourcene...

The influence of structure dynamics and elasto-hydrodynamic contacts on con rod design; Einfluss von Strukturdynamik und elastohydrodynamischer Lagerung auf die Pleuelgestaltung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knaus, O.; Loibnegger, B.; Kreuzwirth, G. [AVL List GmbH, Graz (Austria). Advanced Simulation Technologies; Herbst, H.M. [AVL List GmbH, Graz (Austria).; TU Graz (Austria). Christian-Doppler Lab. fuer Motor- und Fahrzeugakustik

2002-08-01

It is essential for the numerical design of con rods to consider the interaction between structural deformation and hydrodynamics in the sliding bearings. Furthermore, the boundary conditions for the sub-system under consideration have considerable influence on the quality of the results. AVL List GmbH, as the developer of the software AVL EXCITE for the calculation of the non-linear dynamic behaviour of engines and power units, has extended the elasto-hydrodynamic bearing module by adding a mixed friction model. This leads to improved results, especially in the area of the small end bearing, and to a more realistic integration of the con rod into the simulation model of the entire system. (orig.) [German] Fuer die rechnerische Auslegung des Pleuels spielt die Beruecksichtigung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Strukturverformung und Hydrodynamik im Gleitlager eine wichtige Rolle. Aber auch die gesetzten Randbedingungen des betrachteten Teilsystems haben einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Qualitaet der Ergebnisse. Die AVL List GmbH als Entwickler und Anbieter der Software AVL Excite fuer die Berechnung der nichtlinearen Motordynamik hat den elastohydrodynamischen Lagermodul um ein Mischreibungsmodell erweitert. Dies ermoeglicht insbesondere im Bereich des kleinen Pleuellagers verbesserte Ergebnisse und die realitaetsnahe Einbindung des Pleuels in das Gesamtsystem. (orig.)

New landscapes in mining regions; Neue Landschaften in Bergbauregionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knoll, S.; Stein, M. [Knoll Oekoplan GmbH, Leipzig-Sindelfingen (Germany)

2001-07-01

The authors describe their experience in mining land reclamation in Central Germany, to which they contributed as planners of new landscapes. [German] An einigen Projekten haben wir als Buero fuer Landschaftsarchitektur und Landschaftsplanung in Sachsen-Anhalt und Sachsen mitgearbeitet. Im Mittelpunkt stand dabei die Gestaltung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften des Braunkohlebergbaus. Daneben gibt es seit mehreren Jahren eine Zusammenarbeit mit der Wismut GmbH sowohl im Raum Aue-Schlema-Schneeberg als auch im ostthueringer Sanierungsraum Ronneburg. Mit dem Gruenleitplan fuer Aue-Schlema-Schneeberg haben wir 1995 den Deutschen Landschaftsarchitekturpreis erhalten. Wir, das heisst unser Buero fuer Landschaftsarchitektur und Landschaftsplanung, die beteiligten Kommunen und die Wismut GmbH, die diesen Plan gemeinsam in einem kooperativen Verfahren erarbeitet haben. Den Preis erhielten wird deshalb nicht nur fuer das Ergebnis dieses fuer Landschaftsplaner damals noch recht ungewoehnlichen Planungsprozesses, sondern auch fuer das Verfahren selbst. Vergleichbare ungewoehnliche Wege der Planung waren notwendig, um als Landschaftsarchitekten Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Bergbaufolgelandschaft des Braunkohlebergbaus im Prozess der bergbaulichen Sanierung nehmen zu koennen. Und wir werden diese Erfahrungen brauchen, wenn wir zusammen mit den Staedten Gera und Ronneburg, dem Landkreis Greiz und der Wismut GmbH eine Bundesgartenschau in der Region Ostthueringen fuer das Jahr 2007 vorbereiten. (orig.)

Evaluation of the influence of source and spatial resolution of DEMs on derivative products used in landslide mapping

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubini Mahalingam

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Landslides are a major geohazard, which result in significant human, infrastructure, and economic losses. Landslide susceptibility mapping can help communities plan and prepare for these damaging events. Digital elevation models (DEMs are one of the most important data-sets used in landslide hazard assessment. Despite their frequent use, limited research has been completed to date on how the DEM source and spatial resolution can influence the accuracy of the produced landslide susceptibility maps. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of spatial resolutions and source of DEMs on landslide susceptibility mapping. For this purpose, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER, National Elevation Dataset (NED, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR DEMs were obtained for two study sections of approximately 140 km2 in north-west Oregon. Each DEM was resampled to 10, 30, and 50 m and slope and aspect grids were derived for each resolution. A set of nine spatial databases was constructed using geoinformation science (GIS for each of the spatial resolution and source. Additional factors such as distance to river and fault maps were included. An analytical hierarchical process (AHP, fuzzy logic model, and likelihood ratio-AHP representing qualitative, quantitative, and hybrid landslide mapping techniques were used for generating landslide susceptibility maps. The results from each of the techniques were verified with the Cohen's kappa index, confusion matrix, and a validation index based on agreement with detailed landslide inventory maps. The spatial resolution of 10 m, derived from the LiDAR data-set showed higher predictive accuracy in all the three techniques used for producing landslide susceptibility maps. At a resolution of 10 m, the output maps based on NED and ASTER had higher misclassification compared to the LiDAR-based outputs. Further, the 30-m LiDAR output showed improved results over the 10-m NED and 10-m

Identification of hardly biodegradable residuals (sulfur- and nitrogen-containing substances) during waste water treatment, including the development of analytical methods; Identifizierung von schwer abbaubaren Reststoffen (stickstoff- und schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen) bei der Abwasserbehandlung, einschliesslich analytischer Methodenentwicklung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moehle, E; Huber, A; Metzger, J W

1999-07-01

-MS-MS. (orig.) [German] Organische Reststoffe, die bei der Abwasserbehandlung nicht vollstaendig aus dem Wasser entfernt werden, koennen oekotoxikologisch oder bei der Trinkwasseraufbereitung in Wasserwerken relevant sein. Damit entsprechende Behandlungsverfahren zur Eliminierung dieser Stoffe aus dem Abwasser entwickelt und vor allem Vorabmassnahmen getroffen werden koennen, um zu verhindern, dass diese Stoffe ueberhaupt in das Abwasser gelangen, muessen sie zunaechst identifiziert werden. In dem Forschungsprojekt wurden schwefel- und stickstoffhaltige Substanzen im Abwasser vorwiegend kommunaler Klaeranlagenablaeufe summarisch erfasst. Zur summarischen Erfassung organischer schwefelhaltiger Substanzen im Abwasser wurde ein neues AOS-Verfahren entwickelt. Die Bestimmung des geloesten organischen Stickstoffs (DON) erfolgte weiterhin ueber die Differenzmethode, da die Abtrennung des organischen Stickstoffs von der anorganischen Matrix (Nitrat, Nitrit, Ammonium) nur fuer Standardloesungen geloest werden konnte. Mehr als 60 Einzelsubstanzen, die zu den beiden Summenparametern beitragen, wurden mit GC-MS und GC-AED identifiziert und groesstenteils quantifiziert. 30-70% der schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen, die mit GC-AED detektiert wurden, konnten zugeordnet werden. Ueber das GC-MS-Screening konnten neben anderen stickstoffhaltigen Spurenstoffen 15 Pharmaka bzw. Metabolite pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe identifiziert und teilweise quantifiziert werden. Hydrophile Organika wurden mit fluessigchromatographischen Verfahren bestimmt. Dabei wurden sowohl UV- und Fluoreszenzdetektoren als auch ein Massendetektor (ESI-MS-MS) verwendet. Die mit den aufgefuehrten Methoden erfassten Einzelverbindungen machen jedoch nur wenige Prozent des AOS bzw. DON aus. Auch unter Verwendung neuer Materialien zur Anreicherung von Spurenstoffen und dem Einsatz von HPLC-MS-MS konnte nur ein Teil der Einzelstoffe, die zu den Summenparametern beitragen, identifiziert werden. Um detaillierte Informationen ueber die

VT Data - Lidar Hydro-flattened DEM (0.7m) 2016, Essex, Caledonia, Orange, and Windsor Counties

Data.gov (United States)

Vermont Center for Geographic Information — (Link to Metadata) This metadata applies to the following collection area(s): Middle CT River subbasin 2016 0.7m and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dataset of the...

UIS Baden-Wuerttemberg. AJA project. Application of JAVA-based solutions in environment, transport and administration. Phase II 2001; UIS Baden-Wuerttemberg. Projekt AJA. Anwendung JAVA-basierter Loesungen in den Bereichen Umwelt, Verkehr und Verwaltung. Phase II 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mayer-Foell, R.; Keitel, A.; Geiger, W. (eds.)

2001-12-01

Information and communication technology facilitates data acquisition, recording, evaluation and transmission in many fields of society, but even experts tend to get lost in the flood of data that are available. In order to make it possible to integrate new technological developments in information systems, the Minister of Environment and Transportation continues the project AJA (''Application of JAVA-based solutions'') which was started in 2000. AJA is a sequel to the GLOBUS project which was terminated in 1999. (GLOBUS - Globale Umweltsachdaten im UIS Baden-Wuerttemberg und anderen Systemen). [German] Die Bereiche Umwelt, Verkehr und Verwaltung profitieren bei der Erhebung, Erfassung, Auswertung, Darstellung und Weitergabe ihrer Daten in hohem Masse von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IuK). Manche Darstellungsweisen und Berechnungen werden dadurch erst moeglich. Uebergreifende Zusammenhaenge koennen mit Hilfe der IuK aufgezeigt werden. Die Verwaltung muss Technologien einsetzen, wie sie in der Wirtschaft fuer die Zusammenfuehrung von verteilten Unternehmensdaten verwendet werden, um Entscheidungs grundlagen fuer die Unternehmenspolitik zu liefern (z.B. Data Warehouse). In solchen ''Warenhaeusern von Daten'' finden sich oft nur Experten zurecht. Unsere Herausforderung ist es, diese komplexen Zusammenhaenge nicht nur dem Experten, sondern auch dem Buerger auf moeglichst einfache und wirtschaftliche Weise zu vermitteln. Dem Buerger ist der freie Zugang zu Informationen ueber die Umwelt zu ermoeglichen. Wir sind damit auf dem Wege zu einem Marktplatz von Daten und Informationen fuer den Buerger und die Verwaltung. Um neue technologische Entwicklungen in Informationssystemen einsetzen zu koennen, fuehrt das Ministerium fuer Umwelt und Verkehr (UVM) das 2000 begonnene FuE-Vorhaben AJA ''Anwendung JAVA-basierter Loesungen'' fort. AJA baut auf dem 1999 abgeschlossenen Vorhaben GLOBUS (Globale

Discrete element simulation of mill charge in 3D using the BLAZE-DEM GPU framework

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Govender, Nicolin

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation of charge motion in ball, semi autogenous (SAG) and autogenous mills has advanced to a stage where the effects of lifter design, power draft and product size can be evaluated with sufficient accuracy...

Gerichtete Erstarrung von Al-Si und Al-Si-Mn Legierungen unter dem Einfluss von magnetischen Wechselfeldern

OpenAIRE

Orth, Andreas

2013-01-01

In this work, samples of two alloys, Al-Si7 and Al-Si7-Mn1, are directionally solidified and their structure microscopically analysed. Thereby, the combined influence of induced current flow and intermetallic precipitates is of particular interest. A newly modified "Artemis" setup at the institute of material physics at the DLR in Cologne allows controlled solidification velocities of 30 to 240 micron/s under a constant temperature gradient of 3 K/mm. In using silica aerogels as part of the c...

Prevalência de demência em diversas regiões do mundo: Análise dos estudos epidemiológicos de 1994 a 2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lopes Marcos A.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os estudos de prevalência de demência, no período de 1994 a 2000. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline e Lilacs e os seguintes critérios de inclusão: constituir artigo original, estimar prevalência de demência e utilizar amostra comunitária. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 38 artigos, originários de todos os continentes. A idade exerceu importante influência sobre os resultados, com taxas médias de prevalência de demência que variaram de 1,17% na faixa de 65-69 anos, a 54,83% na faixa acima de 95 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino em 75% dos estudos avaliados. A relação doença de Alzheimer/demência vascular foi maior na América do Sul e menor na Ásia. DISCUSSÃO: Ocorreram avanços metodológicos, sobretudo com relação à maior homogeneidade dos critérios diagnósticos. O efeito da idade sobre o aumento das taxas de prevalência foi pronunciado, principalmente até os 90 anos de idade.

Survey of legislation applicable in Germany for implementation of the EC Directive on environmental audits; Ueberblick ueber die in Deutschland fuer die Ausfuehrung der EG-Umwelt-Audit-Verordnung geltenden Rechtsvorschriften

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-06-01

The brochure presents a comprehensive survey of the relevant legislation applicable in Germany to implementation of the EC Directive on environmental auditing. Readers interested in performing such auditing at one glance will find in this compiulation all relevant laws and regulations in full text that are to be observed for implementation of this novel environmental auditing instrument. (orig./RHM) [Deutsch] Diese Broschuere vermittelt einen umfassenden Ueberblick ueber die in Deutschland fuer die Ausfuehrung der EG-Umwelt-Audit-Verordnung geltenden Rechtsvorschriften. Damit wird fuer alle Interessenten ein rascher Zugriff auf die Rechtstexte, die zur praktischen Anwendung des neuartigen Umwelt-Audit-Instruments notwendig sind, ermoeglicht. (orig./RHM)

Einfluss des Alltagskontextes auf den Prozess einer Ernährungsverhaltensmodifikation : eine qualitative Untersuchung von Personen mit erhöhten Cholesterinwerten

OpenAIRE

Hildebrandt, Karen

2012-01-01

Das erkenntnisleitende Forschungsinteresse gilt einer umfassenden Betrachtung ernährungsbezogenen Handelns in den drei Alltagsbereichen „Haushalt/Familie“, „Arbeitsplatz/Kollegen“ und „Freizeit/Freunde“ mit dem Ziel, individuell erlebte Bedingungen und Faktoren einer Ernährungsverhaltensmodifikation herauszuarbeiten. In die Untersuchung sind Personen mit einer Fettstoffwechselstörung eingeschlossen worden, die sich in verschiedenen Stadien einer Gesundheitsverhaltensmodifikation befinden. ...

Teatras popieriaus lape: Egono Schiele’s ekspresionistiniai autoportretai | Das Theater auf dem Papierblatt: zu den expressionistischen Selbstbildnissen von Egon Schiele

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dalia Kolytaitė

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Im Werk von Egon Schiele ist der Körper (besonders sein eigener mit seinen mannigfaltigen Ausdrucksformen ein zentrales Thema. Die stark ausgeprägte und sehr spezifische Körpersprache entwickelte der Künstler vor dem Spiegel, wovon nicht nur biographische Daten, sondern auch Photos zeugen. Mit dem ausdrucksvollen Variieren seines Körpers präsentiert Schiele seine Neigung zum Wechseln der Identität, der Rollen, des Selbst, wobei er sich gleichzeitig in drei Positionen befindet: des Darstellers, des Regisseurs und des Zuschauers.Als Objekt der Analyse wurden die sechs Selbstbildnisse ausgewählt: „Selbstbildnis mit kariertem Hemd“ (1917, „Der Prediger (Selbstbildnis“ (1913, „Der Kämpfer (Selbstbildnis“ (1913, „Sitzender männlicher Akt (Selbstbildnis“ (1917, „Der Tänzer (Selbstbildnis“ (1911, „Männlicher Halbakt mit rotem Lendentuch (Selbstbildnis“ (1914. Sie stellen verschiedene plastischen Konfigurationen des Körpers im Raum dar. Obwohl diese Bilder in unterschiedlichen Jahren entstanden sind, lassen sich alle sechs Selbstbildnisse aufgrund der ähnlichen Darstellungsweise, Manier und derselben Technik als ein Pantomimestück betrachten. Für eine solche Betrachtungsweise spricht nicht nur die visuelle Assoziation – der Körper in allen Bildern stellt gleichsam stillgestellte Fragmente einer Bewegung dar, wie man dies bei den Photoherausgaben von Pantomimen oder beim Drehen eines Stummfilmes (sie haben ja die gleichen Elemente Bild und Bewegung beobachten kann. Den Anstoß für eine solche Behauptung gibt die Kunstgattung der Pantomime selbst. Sie ist ja „die große schweigende Kunst“, „das Spiel des bewusst bewegten Körpers“, „die Kunst der Form“, und das „Material, aus dem diese Form geschaffen wird, ist der menschliche Körper“. Schieles Selbstbildnisse entsprechen ihren Grundforderungen: dem begrenzten Raum, der Beleuchtung, dem eng am Körper anliegenden Kostüm, der sehr pers

Rechargable Lithium-Air Batteries: Investigation of Redox Mediators Using DEMS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Mathias Kjærgård; Storm, Mie Møller; Norby, Poul

2016-01-01

material or electrolyte is being decomposed. This is also seen with Thermally reduced Graphene Oxide (TrGO). The graphene based cathode is interesting as it exhibits a high surface area which in turn increases capacity. Using the additive LiI, functioning as a redox mediator, the discharge curve remains...... is observed without the redox mediator [2]. This results in higher energy densities and ideally higher cyclability due to the lower over-potentials. Using DEMS we have investigated the gas evolved in the process to determine the electron to oxygen ratio using both cathode materials mentioned. As has been...

An automated, open-source pipeline for mass production of digital elevation models (DEMs) from very-high-resolution commercial stereo satellite imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Shean, David E.; Alexandrov, Oleg; Moratto, Zachary M.; Smith, Benjamin E.; Joughin, Ian R.; Porter, Claire; Morin, Paul

2016-06-01

We adapted the automated, open source NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP) to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimages from very-high-resolution (VHR) commercial imagery of the Earth. These modifications include support for rigorous and rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) sensor models, sensor geometry correction, bundle adjustment, point cloud co-registration, and significant improvements to the ASP code base. We outline a processing workflow for ˜0.5 m ground sample distance (GSD) DigitalGlobe WorldView-1 and WorldView-2 along-track stereo image data, with an overview of ASP capabilities, an evaluation of ASP correlator options, benchmark test results, and two case studies of DEM accuracy. Output DEM products are posted at ˜2 m with direct geolocation accuracy of process individual stereo pairs on a local workstation, the methods presented here were developed for large-scale batch processing in a high-performance computing environment. We are leveraging these resources to produce dense time series and regional mosaics for the Earth's polar regions.

Dewatering of sludge using the hydrosoft high-pressure process; Entwaessern von Schlaemmen mit dem Hydrosoft-Hochdruckverfahren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eder, C.; Eder, G. [Christian Eder Technology GbR, Neunkirchen (Germany)

1999-07-01

The hydrosoft process permits to dewater sludge, especially also sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant, until it contains a high proportion of dry substance. For existing dewatering systems equipped with the long-lived chamber filter presses, too, the dry matter content of the filter cake can be substantially increased using the hydrosoft process; only the pump system must be retrofitted. As a preliminary measure, tests with mobile pilot plants should be carried out. (orig.) [German] Mit dem Hydrosoft-Verfahren besteht die Moeglichkeit Schlaemme, insbesondere auch Schlaemme aus kommunalen Klaeranlagen, auf hohe Trockensubstanz-Gehalte zu entwaessern. Auch bei bestehenden Entwaesserungsanlagen, die mit den langlebigen Kammerfilterpressen ausgeruestet sind, koennen die Trockensubstanzgehalte der Filterkuchen mit dem Hydrosoft-Verfahren, fuer das dann nur noch das Pumpsystem nachgeruestet werden muss, wesentlich angehoben werden. Vorausgehen sollten jeweils Vorversuche mit mobilen Versuchsanlagen. (orig.)

Optimization of Particle Search Algorithm for CFD-DEM Simulations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Baryshev

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Discrete element method has numerous applications in particle physics. However, simulating particles as discrete entities can become costly for large systems. In time-driven DEM simulation most computation time is taken by contact search stage. We propose an efficient collision detection method which is based on sorting particles by their coordinates. Using multiple sorting criteria allows minimizing number of potential neighbours and defines fitness of this approach for simulation of massive systems in 3D. This method is compared to a common approach that consists of placing particles onto a grid of cells. Advantage of the new approach is independence of simulation parameters upon particle radius and domain size.

An algorithm for generation of DEMs from contour lines considering geomorphic features

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiao-Ping Rui

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Geomorphic information is omitted from many existing methods of generating gridded digital elevation models (DEMs from contour lines, resulting in significant errors during interpolation. Here, we present an advanced schema for improvement of the comprehensive regionalized method of linear interpolation. This approach uses a moving fitting method for an interpolated point and selects elevation points that are representative of geomorphic features as a whole to improve interpolation quality. A total of 16 points are selected, according to certain criteria, in eight directions surrounding the interpolated point; thus, there are two points in each direction, which is sufficient to provide an accurate representation of the geomorphic features of the DEM. Our method introduces virtual control points to prevent sudden changes in the interpolation results, which helps to overcome problems related to the distortion of the local geospatial distribution in areas where feature geomorphic information is inadequate. We construct the spline interpolation function using intersection points and virtual control points, all of which are applied to compute the point elevation. Moreover, we index all elevation values and spatial points of linear features using the R-tree method to ensure that points related to an interpolated position can be retrieved as quickly as possible. Finally, we test our method using a coal mine elevation dataset. The results confirm that our proposed method can generate DEMs smoothly and, in particular, avoid problems related to local distortion.    Resumen La información geomórfica se omite en muchos de los métodos de generación de Modelos Digitales de Elevación (DEM, en inglés que se elaboran a partir de líneas de contorno, lo que resulta en errores significativos durante la interpolación. En este trabajo se presenta un esquema avanzado para el mejoramiento del método comprensivo regionalizado de interpolación lineal. Esta

Numerical probabilistic analysis for slope stability in fractured rock masses using DFN-DEM approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alireza Baghbanan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Due to existence of uncertainties in input geometrical properties of fractures, there is not any unique solution for assessing the stability of slopes in jointed rock masses. Therefore, the necessity of applying probabilistic analysis in these cases is inevitable. In this study a probabilistic analysis procedure together with relevant algorithms are developed using Discrete Fracture Network-Distinct Element Method (DFN-DEM approach. In the right abutment of Karun 4 dam and downstream of the dam body, five joint sets and one major joint have been identified. According to the geometrical properties of fractures in Karun river valley, instability situations are probable in this abutment. In order to evaluate the stability of the rock slope, different combinations of joint set geometrical parameters are selected, and a series of numerical DEM simulations are performed on generated and validated DFN models in DFN-DEM approach to measure minimum required support patterns in dry and saturated conditions. Results indicate that the distribution of required bolt length is well fitted with a lognormal distribution in both circumstances. In dry conditions, the calculated mean value is 1125.3 m, and more than 80 percent of models need only 1614.99 m of bolts which is a bolt pattern with 2 m spacing and 12 m length. However, as for the slopes with saturated condition, the calculated mean value is 1821.8 m, and more than 80 percent of models need only 2653.49 m of bolts which is equivalent to a bolt pattern with 15 m length and 1.5 m spacing. Comparison between obtained results with numerical and empirical method show that investigation of a slope stability with different DFN realizations which conducted in different block patterns is more efficient than the empirical methods.

Material characteristics and tribolotical characteristics of finished boundary layers of heavy-duty ceramics under tribological load. Final report; Werkstoffmechanische und tribologische Charakterisierung bearbeiteter und tribologisch beanspruchter Randschichten von Hochleistungskeramiken. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zeller, R.; Pfeiffer, W.; Hollstein, T.

2000-04-01

Test pieces of heavy-duty ceramics (SSiC, SiSiC, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}) were worked by different finishing processes and then analyzed for their material characteristics and tested in sliding and rolling wear tests. It was found that in case of coarse treatment, the influence of strength-increasing intrinsic stresses from finishing may exceed the influence of damage caused by finishing. The same applies to the tribological characteristics of ceramic components in case of preferential mechanical wear on the boundary layer. While polished surfaces of SiC, owing to a lack of microhydrodynamic lubricating effects, have catastrophic adhesive wear in sliding wear tests, fine lapping has advantages especially in the run-in phase. Coarse-lapped surfaces have a less pronounced lubricating effect in the early stages than fine-lapped surfaces, but the high and deep intrinsic stresses with pressure character induced by the finishing process can reduce wear. [German] Die 'Oberflaechenbewertung' wurde im Rahmen des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms 'Bearbeitungsbedingte Oberflaechenausbildung und tribologische Eigenschaften keramischer Bauteile' innerhalb des Forschungsverbundes 'BOT' (Bearbeitung - Oberflaeche - Tribologie) in Zusammenarbeit mit Projektpartnern durchgefuehrt. Proben aus Hochleistungskeramiken (SSiC, SiSiC, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}) die von den Projektpartnern mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren (Schleifen, Polieren, Laeppen, Ultraschall-Schwinglaeppen, Funkenerosion und Laserstrahl-Formabtrag) bearbeitet worden waren, wurden im IWM werkstoffmechanisch charakterisiert und im Gleit- bzw. Waelzverschleissversuch geprueft. Die roentgenographische Ermittlung der bearbeitungsbedingten Randschichtveraenderungen und deren Bewertung mittels bruchmechanischer Methoden hat gezeigt, dass bei groben Bearbeitungsverfahren der Einfluss festigkeitssteigernder Bearbeitungs-Eigenspannungen (mit Druckcharakter) den Einfluss bearbeitungsbedingter Schaedigungen ueberwiegen

The Influence of DEM Quality on Mapping Accuracy of Coniferous- and Deciduous-Dominated Forest Using TerraSAR‑X Images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerald Kändler

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Climate change is a factor that largely contributes to the increase of forest areas affected by natural damages. Therefore, the development of methodologies for forest monitoring and rapid assessment of affected areas is required. Space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR imagery with high resolution is now available for large-scale forest mapping and forest monitoring applications. However, a correct interpretation of SAR images requires an adequate preprocessing of the data consisting of orthorectification and radiometric calibration. The resolution and quality of the digital elevation model (DEM used as reference is crucial for this purpose. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the DEM quality used in the preprocessing of the SAR data on the mapping accuracy of forest types. In order to examine TerraSAR-X images to map forest dominated by deciduous and coniferous trees, High Resolution SpotLight images were acquired for two study sites in southern Germany. The SAR images were preprocessed with a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM DEM (resolution approximately 90 m, an airborne laser scanning (ALS digital terrain model (DTM (5 m resolution, and an ALS digital surface model (DSM (5 m resolution. The orthorectification of the SAR images using high resolution ALS DEMs was found to be important for the reduction of errors in pixel location and to increase the classification accuracy of forest types. SAR images preprocessed with ALS DTMs resulted in the highest classification accuracies, with kappa coefficients of 0.49 and 0.41, respectively. SAR images preprocessed with ALS DTMs resulted in greater accuracy than those preprocessed with ALS DSMs in most cases. The classification accuracy of forest types using SAR images preprocessed with the SRTM DEM was fair, with kappa coefficients of 0.23 and 0.32, respectively.Analysis of the radar backscatter indicated that sample plots dominated by coniferous trees

3D-Druck von Metallen als Substitution und Wettbewerb von Gussteilen?: Vortrag gehalten auf dem 26. Ledebur-Kolloquium, 27. und 28. Oktober 2016, Freiberg

OpenAIRE

Müller, Bernhard

2016-01-01

Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Umformtechnik IWU ist kompetenter Partner für anwendungsorientierte Forschung im Automobil- und Maschinenbau an den Standorten Chemnitz, Dresden, Zittau unter dem Leitthema „Ressourceneffiziente Produktion“. Die Kernkompetenzen des Instituts in der Werkzeugmaschinenentwicklung, der Umform- und Zerspanungstechnik, der Mechatronik, dem Funktionsleichtbau sowie der Systemtechnologie werden durch den Einsatz generativer Fertigungs-verfahren ergänz...

Experimental study and DEM simulation of granular flow through a new sphere discharge valve

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang He; Li Tianjin; Huang Zhiyong; Gao Zhi; Qi Weiwei; Bo Hanliang

2015-01-01

Experiments and DEM simulation have been conducted to investigate the granular flow through a new type of sphere discharge valve. The new sphere discharge valve was based on the principle of angle of repose. The glass sphere was used in the granular discharge experiments. Experimental results showed that the relation between the averaging sphere discharge mass flow rate and the stroke of the sphere discharge valve were consisted of three zones, i.e. the idle stroke zone, linearly zone and orifice restriction zone. The Beverloo's law was suitable for the granular flow through multi-orifices in the orifice restriction zone. The variation of averaging sphere discharge mass flow rate with the stroke of the sphere discharge valve was described by Beverloo's law with the modification based on the stroke of the sphere discharge valve. DEM simulation results showed that the drained angle of repose during granular flow in the sphere storage vessel remained 23 degrees with different stroke of the sphere discharge valve. (authors)

Einfluss der Lage des aktiven Kontaktes innerhalb des Nucleus subthalamicus auf den Effekt der tiefen Hirnstimulation bei Parkinson Patienten- Eine MRT-basierte Untersuchung

OpenAIRE

Wodarg, Fritz

2013-01-01

Anhand Prä- und postoperativer MRT-Bilder wird die Lage der Elektroden zur Hochfrequenzstimulation innerhalb des N. subthalamicus bestimmt und mit dem klinischen Ergebnis der Stimulation bei 30 Parkinson Patienten korreliert. Eine Stimulation in lateralen Anteilen des STN bringt signifikant bessere klinische Ergebnisse.

Mapping boreal forest biomass from a SRTM and TanDEM-X based on canopy height model and Landsat spectral indices

Science.gov (United States)

Sadeghi, Yaser; St-Onge, Benoît; Leblon, Brigitte; Prieur, Jean-François; Simard, Marc

2018-06-01

We propose a method for mapping above-ground biomass (AGB) (Mg ha-1) in boreal forests based predominantly on Landsat 8 images and on canopy height models (CHM) generated using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and the TanDEM-X mission. The original SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) was corrected by modelling the respective effects of landform and land cover on its errors and then subtracted from a TanDEM-X DSM to produce a SAR CHM. Among all the landform factors, the terrain curvature had the largest effect on SRTM elevation errors, with a r2 of 0.29. The NDSI was the best predictor of the residual SRTM land cover error, with a r2 of 0.30. The final SAR CHM had a RMSE of 2.45 m, with a bias of 0.07 m, compared to a lidar-based CHM. An AGB prediction model was developed based on a combination of the SAR CHM, TanDEM-X coherence, Landsat 8 NDVI, and other vegetation indices of RVI, DVI, GRVI, EVI, LAI, GNDVI, SAVI, GVI, Brightness, Greenness, and Wetness. The best results were obtained using a Random forest regression algorithm, at the stand level, yielding a RMSE of 26 Mg ha-1 (34% of average biomass), with a r2 of 0.62. This method has the potential of creating spatially continuous biomass maps over entire biomes using only spaceborne sensors and requiring only low-intensity calibration.

CFD-DEM Simulation of Minimum Fluidisation Velocity in Two Phase Medium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H Khawaja

2016-09-01

Full Text Available In this work, CFD-DEM (computational fluid dynamics - discrete element method has been used to model the 2 phase flow composed of solid particle and gas in the fluidised bed. This technique uses the Eulerian and the Langrangian methods to solve fluid and particles respectively. Each particle is treated as a discrete entity whose motion is governed by Newton's laws of motion. The particle-particle and particle-wall interaction is modelled using the classical contact mechanics. The particles motion is coupled with the volume averaged equations of the fluid dynamics using drag law. In fluidised bed, particles start experiencing drag once the fluid is passing through. The solid particles response to it once drag experienced is just equal to the weight of the particles. At this moment pressure drop across the bed is just equal to the weight of particles divide by the cross-section area. This is the first regime of fluidization, also referred as ‘the regime of minimum fluidization’. In this study, phenomenon of minimum fluidization is studied using CFD-DEM simulation with 4 different sizes of particles 0.15 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, and 1.2 mm diameters. The results are presented in the form of pressure drop across the bed with the fluid superficial velocity. The achieved results are found in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical data available in literature.

Die Geburt des Kosmos aus dem Nichts die Theorie des inflationären Universums

CERN Document Server

Guth, Alan

2002-01-01

Selten wird die Wissenschaft über Nacht so stark revolutioniert wie die Kosmologie durch Alan Guths Entdeckung der inflationären Theorie des Universums. Noch seltener gelingt es dem Urheber einer solchen Revolution, eine derart verständliche und einprägsame Darstellung von einer der aufregendsten Epochen in der modernen Kosmologie zu geben. Sogar Kenner werden Neues lernen.

Near infra-red chemical species tomography of sprays of volatile hydrocarbons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hindle, F.P.; Carey, S.J.; Ozanyan, K.B.; McCann, H. [Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, UMIST, Manchester (United Kingdom); Winterbone, D.E.; Clough, E. [Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace and Mfg. Engineering, UMIST, Manchester (United Kingdom)

2002-08-01

We report an All-Opto-Electronic tomography system that is sensitive to hydrocarbon vapour distribution, or liquid spray distribution, with temporal resolution of over 3000 frames per second. A tomography system comprising 32 channels has been built and tested. For chemical sensitivity to saturated hydrocarbons, we exploit the principle of Near Infra-Red (NIR) absorption at 1700 nm relative to a reference wavelength, using laser diode sources whose technology is based on that of the communications industry. Images are obtained from a laboratory set-up incorporating both gaseous injection and a liquid Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) system. The performance of a prototype system on a running GDI engine is reported. The difficulty in performing concentration measurements of the gaseous fuel within the liquid spray region is shown, and means to improve this performance are discussed. However, it has been found possible to image the liquid spray cone using attenuation of the reference beam. These images correlate well with other techniques [1]. (orig.) [German] Wir berichten ueber ein optoelektronisches Tomographiesystem zur Bestimmung der Verteilung von Kohlenwasserstoffdaempfen oder von Spraypartikeln, das eine hohe zeitliche Aufloesung von 3000 Aufnahmen pro Sekunde liefert. Ein System mit 32 Kanaelen wurde gebaut und getestet. Um Empfindichkeit auf gesaettigte Kohlenwasserstoffdaempfe zu erzielen, wurde die Absorption im Nahen Infrarot (NIR) bei 1700 nm, bezogen auf die bei einer Referenzwellen-laenge, genutzt. Laserdioden, deren Technologien auch in der Kommunikationstechnik Verwendung finden, kamen zum Einsatz. Von einem Laboraufbau wurden Bilder aufgenommen sowohl bei Injektion von Gas als auch bei Direkteinspritzung fluessigen Brennstoffs (GDI). Wir berichten ueber die Ergebnisse mit dem Prototyp-Messsystem an einem GDI-Motor. Es werden die Schwierigkeiten gezeigt, Messungen der Gaskonzentration innerhalb eines Spraypartikelbereichs durchzufuehren, und

Is it possible to prevent dementia? É possível prevenir o desenvolvimento da demência?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicola T Lautenschlager

2002-04-01

Full Text Available It is a robust trend that the World's population is growing older. The proportion of elderly compared to other age groups and especially the number of oldest old, above age 85 years, is steadily increasing. One of the most common disorders in later life is dementia, the major cause of functional disability and the need for long-term care. This has prompted intensive research towards identifying risk factors associated with dementia. For current therapeutic intervention of incipient dementia and future prevention trials it is important to identify subjects at high risk of developing dementia. This article reviews clinical and biological findings of the quest to identify pre-dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. It gives an overview of the present knowledge in this area and discusses strategies that may be useful in delaying the onset of dementia.A população mundial está envelhecendo. A proporção de idosos cresce de forma constante quando comparada a outras faixas etárias, particularmente para o grupo com 85 ou mais anos de idade. Um dos problemas de saúde mais freqüentes em fases tardias da vida é a demência, uma das principais causas de perda da capacidade funcional em idosos que, com freqüência, requer assistência com cuidados básicos em longo prazo. Como conseqüência, várias pesquisas têm procurado estabelecer os fatores que aumentam o risco de demência. Do ponto de vista terapêutico, é importante ser capaz de identificar de forma confiável indivíduos com alto risco de desenvolver demência, já que esses pacientes seriam o principal alvo de intervenções clínicas desenhadas com o objetivo de preveni-la. Este artigo tem o objetivo de rever os principais achados clínicos e biológicos das pesquisas que tiveram como objetivo identificar "pré-demência" em pessoas com "comprometimento cognitivo leve". O artigo oferece uma visão panorâmica do conhecimento atual nessa área e discute estratégias que

O efeito de um programa psicomotor para idosos com demência

OpenAIRE

Henriques, Bebiana Maria Pais

2013-01-01

Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Fisioterapia, ramo de Fisioterapia da Senescência Resultados de vários estudos fornecem informações relevantes à literatura do envelhecimento, sugerindo que há uma relação positiva entre a intervenção motora e cognitiva em idosos com demência (p. ex. Ferrer et al., 2003). Segundo a Alzheimer Europe (2012) existem 7,3 milhões de europeus dementes (153.000 port...

Briefe aus dem Morgenland - Otto Friedrich von Richters Forschungsreise in den Jahren 1814-1816 / Vladimir Sazonov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sazonov, Vladimir, 1979-

2013-01-01

Arvustus: Briefe aus dem Morgenland - Otto Friedrich von Richters Forschungsreise in den Jahren 1814-1816, hrsg. von Indrek Jürjo, Sergei Stadnikov, Hamburger Beiträge zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa, Bd. 20. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač 2013, 313 lk.

Tying of payment of maximum permissible franchise fee by an electric utility holding a monopoly position to the conclusion of new franchise agreement is an infringement of sections 26, sub-sec. 2, 35, sub-sec. 1 GWB. Mannheim Regional Court, decision of 23 Nov. 1994 - 70 120/94 (Kart.); Koppelung der Zahlung der hoechstzulaessigen Konzessionsabgabe durch ein Elektrizitaetsversorgungsunternehmen mit Monopolstellung an den Abschluss eines neuen Konzessionsvertrages als Verstoss gegen Para. 26 Abs. 2, Para. 35 Abs. 1 GWB. LG Mannheim, Urteil vom 23.11.1994 - 7O 120/94(Kart.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

1995-12-31

If an electric utility holds a monopoly position in a local government district due to a valid demarcation agreement, its attempt to ty payment of the maximum permissible franchise fee to the local government to premature conclusion of a follow-up agreement for a term of 20 years is an infringement of section 26, sub-sec. 2 GWB (law against restraints on competition). The electric utility in this case is liable according to sections 26, sub-sec.2, 35, sub-sec. 1 GWB to pay compensation to the local government amounting to the difference between the maximum permissible franchise fees and the fees actually paid by the utility. (orig.) [Deutsch] Verfuegt ein Elektrizitaetsversorgungsunternehmen infolge eines bestehenden Demarkationsvertrages ueber ein Versorgungsmonopol auf dem Gebiet einer Gemeinde, so verstoesst sein Verhalten, die Zahlung der hoechstzulaessigen Konzessionsabgabe an diese Gemeinde an den vorzeitigen Abschluss eines neuen Konzessionsvertrages mit 20jaehriger Laufzeit zu koppeln, gegen Para. 26 Abs. 2 GWB. Das Versorgungsunternehmen ist in einem solchen Falle gemaess Para. 26 Abs. 2, 35 Abs. 1 GWB zum Ersatz des der Gemeinde entstandenen Schadens in Hoehe der Differenz zwischen den hoechstzulaessigen Konzessionsabgaben und den von dem Versorgungsunternehmen gezahlten Betraegen verpflichtet. (orig.)

Development of an integrated system for a SOFC for combined heat and power generation; Entwicklung eines integrierten Systems fuer eine SOFC mit Kraft-Waerme-Stoffkopplung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stichtenoth, J.; Meyer-Pittroff, R.

2002-06-01

The feasibility of CO2 removal from the exhaust of a 250 kW{sub e} SOFC module, with recirculation of the liquefied CO2 is discussed for the example of a German brewery (Bayerische Staatsbrauerei Weihenstephan). An electric efficiency of 50% can be achieved provided that the liquefied CO2 is utilized to substitute CO2 liquefaction in another point of the process. The high-temperature waste heat of the 250 kW SOFC is fed into the brewer's copper via feedwater preheating. [German] In dieser Studie werden die Moeglichkeiten einer technischen Rueckgewinnung von CO{sub 2} aus dem Abgasstrom eines SOFC-Moduls mit 250 kW elektrischer Leistung und Rueckfuehrung des verfluessigten CO{sub 2} in den Wertschoepfungsprozess am Beispiel der Bayerischen Staatsbrauerei Weihenstephan untersucht. Unter der Voraussetzung, dass dieses verfluessigte CO{sub 2} als Produkt Verwendung findet und die CO{sub 2}-Verfluessigung an anderer Stelle substituiert, kann der von der SOFC gelieferte Energiebeitrag zur CO{sub 2}-Verfluessigung dem Gesamtsystem gutgeschrieben werden, so dass der elektrische Wirkungsgrad bei 50% bleibt. Die Hochtemperaturabwaerme der 250 kW-SOFC wird ueber eine Speisewasservorwaermung in den Dampfkessel der Brauerei eingekoppelt.

How to promote solar power. Strategic application of consumer and environmental psychology; Fuer Solarenergie. Konsumenten- und Umweltpsychologie strategisch anwenden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huebner, G. [Halle Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Sozial- und Organisationspsychologie; Felser, G. [Halle Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Differentielle Psychologie und Psychologische Diagnostik

2001-07-01

Why are solar systems still so few and far between? The book presents answers based on a systematic analysis of the psychological aspects of the decision, e.g. consumer needs and motives. 'Social Marketing' is presented as a differentiated outline concept for developing strategies for selling solar power. The book addresses solar and agenda initiatives, environmental organisations, communities and energy-minded citizens as well as students of environmental science and psychology. [German] Warum sind Solaranlagen noch immer so selten? Antworten auf diese Frage finden sich im Buch, in dem aus Sicht der Konsumenten- und Umweltpsychologie die psychologischen Facetten der Entscheidung fuer Solarenergie, z.B. - die Beduerfnisse und Motive der Konsumenten von Solaranlagen - die Wirkungen von Informationsmaterial auf die Kaufentscheidung, erstmals systematisch analysiert werden. Mit dem 'Sozialen Marketing' wird ein differenziertes Rahmenkonzept fuer die Gestaltung von Strategien fuer Solarenergie vorgestellt. Dieses Buch ist vor allem hilfreich fuer Solar- und Agendainitiativen, Umweltverbaende, Kommunen und energiebewusste Buerger, da es praxisnahe Informationen und Handlungsempfehlungen vermittelt. Es wendet sich aber auch an Studierende der Umweltwissenschaften und der Psychologie. Es bereichert die Diskussion ueber Solarenergie mit Argumenten, die der Komplexitaet des Themas Rechnung tragen. (orig.)

New jobs - renewable energies. Congress. Proceedings; Neue Arbeitsplaetze durch Erneuerbare Energien. Kongress ueber die wirtschaftlichen Chancen der oekologischen Energiewende. Konferenzband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

The number of jobs in the field of renewable energy sources is disproportionately high as compared to conventional energy sources. For example, the German wind industry has 30,000 jobs for a 3% share in power supply. According to the White Book on Renewable Energy Sources of the European Commission, the share of renewable energy sources is to be increased to 12% by 2010. This will mean 1.2 million new jobs. If the share is increased to 20%, 2 million new jobs will be created in the European Union according to an EUROSOLAR study. [German] Die erneuerbaren Energien haben im Verhaeltnis zu konventionellen Energietraegern ein ueberproportional hohes Arbeitsplatzangebot. So sind bereits heute in der deutschen Windenergiebranche, die zur Zeit etwa 3 Prozent des Stromverbrauchs deckt, 30000 Menschen beschaeftigt. Das Weissbuch der Europaeischen Kommission ueber erneuerbare Energien hat das Ziel formuliert, den Anteil der erneuerbaren Energien bis zum Jahr 2010 auf 12 Prozent zu steigern. Die Europaeische Kommission sieht damit die Schaffung von 1,2 Millionen Arbeitsplaetzen verbunden. Wenn der Anteil der erneuerbaren Energien in der Europaeischen Union auf 20 Prozent erhoeht wird, werden gemaess einer EUROSOLAR - Studie in der EU sogar 2 Millionen neue Arbeitsplaetze entstehen. (orig.)

The sociology of language in Johann David Michaelis's dissertation of 1760.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, R N

1976-10-01

In 1759 Johann David Michaelis won a prize from the Prussian Royal Academy for his essay Beantwortung der Frage von dem Einfluss der Meinungen in die Sprache, und der sprache in die Meinungen. The essay was published in the following year and translated into French in 1762, into English in 1769, and into Dutch in 1771. The work has two major themes--linguistic relativity and language change--with ancillary discussions of language in general and of homonymy. Its most significant contribution to the theory of language is its discussion of linguistic relativity, especially in its manifestations in the influence of language on thought. Given the intellectual milieu of the work where inquiry was centered on the origin of language and language universals, it stands as one of the few discussions of this topic and it is also one of the most fruitful discussions of linguistic relativity for any period of history.

Recycling by the brick making industry of ashes from sewage sludge incineration; Verwertung von Aschen der Klaerschlammverbrennung in der Ziegelindustrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiebusch, B.; Seyfried, C.F. [Hannover Univ. (Germany). ISAH Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik

1998-09-01

The present project focuses on the recycling of sewage sludge ashes by the brick making industry. The following aspects are dealt with in detail: Overview of the state of the art of sewage sludge combustion in Germany; influence of wastewater and sludge treatment on ash quality (determination of the seasonal course of chemical sewage sludge composition); use of sewage sludge ashes in as loading material in fluidised-bed furnaces or as clay substitute in brick manufacture; semi-technical trials in ceramic laboratories; assessment of the environmental impact of bricks containing sewage sludge ash; performance of leaching experiments; and examination of the mineralogical binding of heavy metals into the ceramic matrix. [Deutsch] Das Projekt konzentriert sich dabei auf eine Verwertung von Klaerschlammaschen in der Ziegelindustrie, wobei die im folgenden genannten Aspekte im Einzelnen bearbeitet werden: - Ueberblick ueber den Stand der Technik bei der Klaerschlammverbrennung in Deutschland - Einfluss der Abwasser- und Schlammbehandlung auf die Aschequalitaet (Ermittlung von Jahresganglinien der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Klaerschlammaschen) - Einsatz von Klaerschlammaschen aus Wirbelschichtoefen als Zuschlagstoff bzw. Tonersatz bei der Ziegelproduktion - halbtechnische Versuche im keramischen Labor - Abschaetzung der Umweltvertraeglichkeit von Ziegeln mit Klaerschlammaschezusatz: Durchfuehrung von Auslangversuchen, Untersuchung einer mineralogischen Einbindung von Schwermetallen in die keramische Matrix. (orig./SR)

ASPECTS OF DEM GENERATION FROM UAS IMAGERY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Greiwe

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Since a few years, micro UAS (unmanned aerial systems with vertical take off and landing capabilities like quadro- or octocopter are used as sensor platform for Aerophotogrammetry. Since the restricted payload of micro UAS with a total weight up of 5 kg (payload only up to 1.5 kg, these systems are often equipped with small format cameras. These cameras can be classified as amateur cameras and it is often the case, that these systems do not meet the requirements of a geometric stable camera for photogrammetric measurement purposes. However, once equipped with a suitable camera system, an UAS is an interesting alternative to expensive manned flights for small areas. The operating flight height of the above described UAS is about 50 up to 150 meters above ground level. This low flight height lead on the one hand to a very high spatial resolution of the aerial imagery. Depending on the cameras focal length and the sensor's pixel size, the ground sampling distance (GSD is usually about 1 up to 5 cm. This high resolution is useful especially for the automatic generation of homologous tie-points, which are a precondition for the image alignment (bundle block adjustment. On the other hand, the image scale depends on the object's height and the UAV operating height. Objects like mine heaps or construction sites show high variations of the object's height. As a result, operating the UAS with a constant flying height will lead to high variations in the image scale. For some processing approaches this will lead to problems e.g. the automatic tie-point generation in stereo image pairs. As precondition to all DEM generating approaches, first of all a geometric stable camera, sharp images are essentially. Well known calibration parameters are necessary for the bundle adjustment, to control the exterior orientations. It can be shown, that a simultaneous on site camera calibration may lead to misaligned aerial images. Also, the success rate of an automatic tie

New EC Directive on the limitation of emissions from large combustion plants. Implications for German power plants; Neue EG-Richtlinie ueber nationale Emissionshoechstmengen. Folgerung fuer deutsche Kraftwerke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hildebrand, M. [VDEW - e.V., Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Bereich Recht und Umwelt

2002-03-25

The Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants uses a regulatory instrument for limiting emissions at the national levels of EU member states. This approach is completely new and the author of this article therefore expects problems to arise in the context of transfer of this EC Directive into national law. Another aspect discussed is the assessment of implications for the operating power plants in Germany. (orig./CB) [German] Mit der im Herbst 2001 durch das Europaeische Parlament und durch den Umweltministerrat verabschiedeten Richtlinie ueber nationale Emissionshoechstmengen wurde vom europaeischen Vorschriftengeber ein in Deutschland bislang systemfremdes Regelungsinstrument geschaffen, dessen Umsetzung in nationales Recht und dessen anlagenspezifische Konsequenzen - zumindest hierzulande -bislang noch reichlich unklar sind. (orig.)

Gully incision rates on the bedrock of a large dip-slope landslide revealed by multi-period LiDAR DEMs

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Y. C.; Hsieh, Y. C.

2017-12-01

Recent advances in airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology have provided a great opportunity for characterizing surface erosion through developing improved methods in multi-period DEM differencing and geomorphometry. This study uses three periods of ALS digital elevation model (DEM) data to analyze the short-term erosional features of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Two methods for calculating the bedrock incision rate, the equal-interval cross section selection method and the continuous swath profiles selection method, were used in the study after nearly ten years of gully incision following the earthquake-triggered dip-slope landslide. Multi-temporal gully incision rates were obtained using the continuous swath profiles selection method, which is considered a practical and convenient approach in terrain change studies. After error estimation and comparison of the multi-period ALS DEMs, the terrain change in different periods can be directly calculated, reducing time-consuming fieldwork such as installation of erosion pins and measurement of topographic cross sections on site. In this study, the gully bedrock incision rates ranged between 0.23 and 3.98 m/year, remarkably higher than the typical results from the previous studies. By comparing the DEM data, aerial photos, and precipitation records of this area, the effects of erosion could be observed from the retreat of the Chunqiu Cliff outline during August 2011 to September 2012. It was inferred that the change in the topographic elevation during 2011-2012 was mainly due to the torrential rain brought by Typhoon Soula, which occurred on 30 July 2012. The local gully incision rate in the lower part of the landslide surface was remarkably faster than that of the other regions, suggesting that the fast incision of the toe area possibly contributes to the occurrence of repeated landslides in the Tsaoling area.

Investigation of Drag Force on Fibres of Bonded Spherical Elements using a Coupled CFD-DEM Approach

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Anna Lyhne; Sørensen, Henrik; Rosendahl, Lasse Aistrup

2016-01-01

Clogging in wastewater pumps is often caused by flexible, stringy objects. Therefore, simulation of clogging effects in wastewater pumps entails simulation of such flexible objects and the interaction between these objects and fluid in the pump. Using a coupled CFD-DEM approach, the flexible obje...

Ideas. A History: From Fire to Freud. 2. ed.; Ideen. Eine Kulturgeschichte von der Entdeckung des Feuers bis zur Moderne

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watson, P.

2005-07-01

In this hugely ambitious and exciting book Peter Watson tells the history of ideas from prehistory to the present day, seeking a new way to tell the history of the world. The book begins over a million years ago with a discussion of how the earliest ideas might have originated. Looking at animal behaviour that appears to require some thought tool-making, territoriality, counting, language (or at least sounds), pairbonding Peter Watson moves on to the apeman and the development of simple ideas such as cooking, the earliest language, the emergence of family life. All the obvious areas will be tackled the Ancient Greeks, Christian theology, the ideas of Jesus, astrological thought, the soul, the self, beliefs about the heavens, the ideas of Islam, the Crusades, humanism, the Renaissance, Gutenberg and the book, the scientific revolution, the age of discovery, Shakespeare, the idea of Revolution, the Romantic imagination, Darwin, imperialism, modernism, Freud right up to the present day and the internet. (orig./GL) [German] Beginnt die Ideengeschichte der Menschheit, als die Fruehmenschen erstmals Feuer machen, vor ca. 1,8 Millionen Jahren? Oder schon mit dem ersten Faustkeil vor etwa 2,5 Millionen Jahren? Warum entwickelte sich vor 40 000 Jahren eine komplexe Sprache? Wie kamen das Minus- und das Plus-Zeichen in die Vorstellungswelt, und wie entstand das Bild vom Paradies? Peter Watson laedt ein zu einer Expedition durch die abenteuerliche Welt menschlicher Ideen. Vom ersten Feuer, dem ersten Werkzeug und den ersten Worten ueber die Geburt der Goetter, die ersten Gesetze und die Entwicklung grosser Zentren von Wissen und Weisheit bis hin zu den umwaelzenden Ideen der Moderne: das Groesste und das Kleinste, das Selbst-Bewusstsein des Individuums und die Entdeckung des Unbewussten. Dabei ordnet Watson die riesige Materialfuelle nach drei zentralen Ideen, die fuer ihn die Geschichte der Menschheit praegen: die Seele, mehr als die Idee von einem Gott, Europa, mehr als das

An Automated Processing Algorithm for Flat Areas Resulting from DEM Filling and Interpolation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xingwei Liu

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Correction of digital elevation models (DEMs for flat areas is a critical process for hydrological analyses and modeling, such as the determination of flow directions and accumulations, and the delineation of drainage networks and sub-basins. In this study, a new algorithm is proposed for flat correction/removal. It uses the puddle delineation (PD program to identify depressions (including their centers and overflow/spilling thresholds, compute topographic characteristics, and further fill the depressions. Three different levels of elevation increments are used for flat correction. The first and second level of increments create flows toward the thresholds and centers of the filled depressions or flats, while the third level of small random increments is introduced to cope with multiple threshold conditions. A set of artificial surfaces and two real-world landscapes were selected to test the new algorithm. The results showed that the proposed method was not limited by the shapes, the number of thresholds, and the surrounding topographic conditions of flat areas. Compared with the traditional methods, the new algorithm simplified the flat correction procedure and reduced the final elevation increments by 5.71–33.33%. This can be used to effectively remove/correct topographic flats and create flat-free DEMs.

CFD-DEM Simulation of Propagation of Sound Waves in Fluid Particles Fluidised Medium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H Khawaja

2016-09-01

Full Text Available In this work, speed of sound in 2 phase mixture has been explored using CFD-DEM (Computational Fluid Dynamcis - Discrete Element Modelling. In this method volume averaged Navier Stokes, continuity and energy equations are solved for fluid. Particles are simulated as individual entities; their behaviour is captured by Newton's laws of motion and classical contact mechanics. Particle-fluid interaction is captured using drag laws given in literature. The speed of sound in a medium depends on physical properties. It has been found experimentally that speed of sound drops significantly in 2 phase mixture of fluidised particles because of its increased density relative to gas while maintaining its compressibility. Due to the high rate of heat transfer within 2 phase medium as given in Roy et al. (1990, it has been assumed that the fluidised gas-particle medium is isothermal. The similar phenomenon has been tried to be captured using CFD-DEM numerical simulation. The disturbance is introduced and fundamental frequency in the medium is noted to measure the speed of sound for e.g. organ pipe. It has been found that speed of sound is in agreement with the relationship given in Roy et al. (1990. Their assumption that the system is isothermal also appears to be valid.

Landslide Detection in the Carlyon Beach, WA Peninsula: Analysis Of High Resolution DEMs

Science.gov (United States)

Fayne, J.; Tran, C.; Mora, O. E.

2017-12-01

Landslides are geological events caused by slope instability and degradation, leading to the sliding of large masses of rock and soil down a mountain or hillside. These events are influenced by topography, geology, weather and human activity, and can cause extensive damage to the environment and infrastructure, such as the destruction of transportation networks, homes, and businesses. It is therefore imperative to detect early-warning signs of landslide hazards as a means of mitigation and disaster prevention. Traditional landslide surveillance consists of field mapping, but the process is expensive and time consuming. This study uses Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and k-means clustering and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to analyze surface roughness and extract spatial features and patterns of landslides and landslide-prone areas. The methodology based on several feature extractors employs an unsupervised classifier on the Carlyon Beach Peninsula in the state of Washington to attempt to identify slide potential terrain. When compared with the independently compiled landslide inventory map, the proposed algorithm correctly classifies up to 87% of the terrain. These results suggest that the proposed methods and LiDAR-derived DEMs can provide important surface information and be used as efficient tools for digital terrain analysis to create accurate landslide maps.

Quantitative Analysis of Accuracy of Voidage Computations in CFD-DEM Simulations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. A. Khawaja

2012-06-01

Full Text Available CFD-DEM (Computational Fluid Dynamics – Discrete Element Modelling is a two-phase flow numerical modelling technique, where the Eulerian method is used for the fluid and the Lagrangian method for the particles. The two phases are coupled by a fluid-particle interaction force (i.e. drag force which is computed using a correlation. In a two-phase flow, one critical parameter is the voidage (or void fraction, which is defined as the ratio of the volume occupied by the fluid to the total volume. In a CFD-DEM simulation the local voidage is computed by calculating the volume of particles in a given fluid cell. For spherical particles, this computation is difficult when a particle is on the boundary of fluid cells. In this case, it is usual to compute the volume of a particle in a fluid cell approximately. One such approximation divides the volume of a particle into each cell in the same ratio as an equivalent cube of width equal to the particle diameter. Whilst this approach is computationally straight forward, the approximation introduces an error in the voidage computation. Here we estimate the error by comparing the approximate volume calculation with an exact (numerical computation of the volume of a particle in a fluid cell. The results show that the error varies with the position of the particle relative to the cell boundary. A new approach is suggested which limits the error to less than 2.5 %, without significantly increasing the computational complexity.

1963 Vajont rock slide: a comparison between 3D DEM and 3D FEM

Science.gov (United States)

Crosta, Giovanni; Utili, Stefano; Castellanza, Riccardo; Agliardi, Federico; Bistacchi, Andrea; Weng Boon, Chia

2013-04-01

Data on the exact location of the failure surface of the landslide have been used as the starting point for the modelling of the landslide. 3 dimensional numerical analyses were run employing both the discrete element method (DEM) and a Finite Element Method (FEM) code. In this work the focus is on the prediction of the movement of the landlside during its initial phase of detachment from Mount Toc. The results obtained by the two methods are compared and conjectures on the observed discrepancies of the predictions between the two methods are formulated. In the DEM simulations the internal interaction of the sliding blocks and the expansion of the debris is obtained as a result of the kinematic interaction among the rock blocks resulting from the jointing of the rock mass involved in the slide. In the FEM analyses, the c-phi reduction technique was employed along the predefine failure surface until the onset of the landslide occurred. In particular, two major blocks of the landslide were identified and the stress, strain and displacement fields at the interface between the two blocks were analysed in detail.

Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013

Science.gov (United States)

Poland, Michael P.

2014-01-01

Differencing digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from TerraSAR add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X) synthetic aperture radar imagery provides a measurement of elevation change over time. On the East Rift Zone (EZR) of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, the effusion of lava causes changes in topography. When these elevation changes are summed over the area of an active lava flow, it is possible to quantify the volume of lava emplaced at the surface during the time spanned by the TanDEM-X data—a parameter that can be difficult to measure across the entirety of an ~100 km2 lava flow field using ground-based techniques or optical remote sensing data. Based on the differences between multiple TanDEM-X-derived DEMs collected days to weeks apart, the mean dense-rock equivalent time-averaged discharge rate of lava at Kīlauea between mid-2011 and mid-2013 was approximately 2 m3/s, which is about half the long-term average rate over the course of Kīlauea's 1983–present ERZ eruption. This result implies that there was an increase in the proportion of lava stored versus erupted, a decrease in the rate of magma supply to the volcano, or some combination of both during this time period. In addition to constraining the time-averaged discharge rate of lava and the rates of magma supply and storage, topographic change maps derived from space-based TanDEM-X data provide insights into the four-dimensional evolution of Kīlauea's ERZ lava flow field. TanDEM-X data are a valuable complement to other space-, air-, and ground-based observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and offer great promise at locations around the world for aiding with monitoring not just volcanic eruptions but any hazardous activity that results in surface change, including landslides, floods, earthquakes, and other natural and anthropogenic processes.

Overal EU guideline for water: Inventory taking in the river basin unit Weser; EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie: Bestandsaufnahme in der Flussgebietseinheit Weser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graw, M.; Wetzel, A.

2004-12-01

The first expert step for the inventory taking in the river basin unit Weser has been taken with the present report that was demanded by the overall European guideline for water. It contains a first preliminary estimation of the condition of the surface water and the groundwater. An overview of the existing variety of protected areas in the river basin unit has also been added. The acquisition of economic data has already begun with respect to measure programmes that will become necessary in order to reach a good condition of surface water and groundwater according to later demands. The target is to introduce Europe-wide environmentally friendly and lasting water services with cost covering water prices and to secure the use of the resource water for the future. (orig.) [German] Mit dem vorliegenden Bericht ueber die Bestandsaufnahme in der Flussgebietseinheit Weser ist der erste fachliche Schritt, den die europaeische Wasserrahmenrichtlinie fordert, getan. Sie enthaelt eine erste vorlaeufige Einschaetzung des Zustandes der Oberflaechengewaesser und des Grundwassers. Ergaenzt wird sie durch einen Ueberblick ueber die vorhandenen vielfaeltigen Schutzgebiete in der Flussgebietseinheit. Im Hinblick auf Massnahmenprogramme, die notwendig werden, um spaeter den geforderten guten Zustand der Oberflaechengewaesser und des Grundwassers zu erreichen, hat bereits jetzt die Erhebung oekonomischer Daten stattgefunden. Ziel ist es europaweit mit kostendeckenden Wasserpreisen umweltgerechte und nachhaltige Wasserdienstleistungen einzufuehren und die Nutzung der Ressource Wasserfuer die Zukunft weiter zu sichern. (orig.)

Interdisciplinary consensus on diagnosis and treatment of testicular germ cell tumors. Results of an update conference based on evidence-based medicine (EBM); Interdisziplinaerer Konsensus zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Hodentumoren. Ergebnisse einer Update-Konferenz auf Grundlage evidenzbasierter Medizin (EBM)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souchon, R. [Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Radioonkologie (DEGRO) (Germany); Arbeitsgemeinschaft Radiologische Onkologie (ARO), Strahlenklinik AKH Hagen (Germany); Krege, S. [Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Urologie (DGU) (Germany); Essen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Urologie; Schmoll, H.J. [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO), Zentrum fuer innere Medizin IV der Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg (Germany); Albers, P. [Bonn Univ. (Germany). Urologische Klinik; Beyer, J. [Marburg Univ. (Germany). Medizinisches Zentrum fuer Innere Medizin; Bokemeyer, C. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Innere Medizin 2; Classen, J. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Medizinisches Strahleninstitut und Roentgenabteilung; Dieckmann, K.P. [Albertinen-Krankenhaus, Hamburg (Germany). Urologische Abt.; Hartmann, M. [Bundeswehrkrankenhaus, Hamburg (Germany). Urologische Abt.; Heidenreich, A. [Marburg Univ. (Germany). Urologische Klinik; Hoeltl, W. [Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital Wien (Austria). Urologische Klinik; Kliesch, S. [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Urologie; Koehrmann, K.U. [Urologische Klinik des Klinikums der Stadt Mannheim (Germany); Kuczyk, M. [Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Germany). Klinik fuer Urologie; Schmidberger, H. [Goettingen Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie; Weinknecht, S. [Krankenhaus am Urban Berlin (Germany). Urologische Abt.; Winter, E. [Klinikum Schwerin (Germany). Urologische Klinik; Wittekind, C. [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Pathologie; Bamberg, M. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Strahlentherapie

2000-09-01

An 'Interdisciplinary Update Consensus Statement' summarizes and defines the diagnostic and therapeutic standards according to the current scientific practices in testicular cancer. For 21 separate areas scientifically based decision criteria are suggested. For treatment areas where more than one option exist without a consensus being reached for a preferred strategy, such as in seminoma in clinical Stage I or in non-seminoma Stages CS I or CS IIA/B, all acceptable alternative strategies with their respecitve advantages and disadvantages are presented. This 'Interdisciplinary Update Consensus' was presented at the 24th National Congress of the German Cancer Society on March 21st and subsequently evaluated and approved by the various German scientific medical societies. (orig.) [German] Der zu 21 Themenkomplexen anhand wissenschaftlich begruendeter Entscheidungskriterien erarbeitete 'Interdisziplinaere Update-Konsensus' praezisiert und definiert diagnostische und therapeutische Standards entsprechend dem aktuellen Wissensstand ueber die Tumorentitaet. Fuer Therapiesituationen, bei denen mehrere Optionen bestehen und kein Konsens ueber die favorisierte Strategie erzielt wurde wie beim Seminom im klinischen Stadium I oder beim Nichtseminom in den Stadien CS I bzw. CS IIA/B, wurden jeweilige Alternativen mit deren Vor- und Nachteilen dargestellt. Der 'Interdisziplinaere Update-Konsensus' wurde beim 24. Deutschen Krebskongress am 21.3.2000 vorgestellt, nachfolgend von den daran beteiligten wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften geprueft und gebilligt. (orig.)

Health injuries by noise; Gesundheitsgefahren durch Laerm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plath, P [Klinik fuer Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Bochum Univ., Prosper-Hospital, Recklinghausen (Germany)

1995-07-01

Within the civilized world, noise is a common danger for health. There is not only the well known hearing loss by occupational noise, but there are also a lot of noise induced hearing losses by noise injuries in private life which are comparable to the occupational ones. The sources of these injuries within private life mostly are unknown and can be found in household goods as well as from listening to loud music. Also the danger from loud cracks mostly is underestimated, so as the cracks from children toys often reach more than 150 dB(Al). Alladay`s noise levels, e.g. in public trafic, also reach dangerous levels, and the sum of all these noise injuries results in a lesion of the cilias of the outer hair cells in the Corti`s organ. The resulting hearing loss is called `sociacusis` and increases the effect of physiological presbyacusis to an amount that results in the fact, that more than 10% of all adults in civilized countries have a severe, handicapping deafness. The immediate effect of noise in this regard is intensified by the effects of disturbing noise onto the psychovegetative and hormonal regulations by chronical stress. So people in civilized countries are going to become a society of hard hearing subjects, and deafness will become a common peoples` disease. (orig.) [Deutsch] Laerm ist in der zivilisierten Welt ein allgemeines Gesundheitsproblem. Es gibt nicht nur die berufliche Laermschwerhoerigkeit, die gut erforscht ist, sondern schaedlicher Laerm tritt sehr oft auch im Privatleben auf und verursacht Gehoerschaeden, die der beruflich bedingten Laermschwerhoerigkeit vergleichbar sind. Die Gehoergefaehrdung im Privatleben ist oft unbekannt und betrifft neben lauten Geraeten im Haushalt und dem Hoeren zu lauter Musik auch die oft in ihrer Gefaehrlichkeit unterschaetzten Knalle, die selbst bei Kinderspielzeug Spitzenwerte der Pegel von ueber 150 dB(Al) erreichen. Die allgemeine zivilisatorische Laermbelastung, z.B. im oeffentlichen Verkehr, die oft

INFLUENCE OF DEM IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AS FLOOD ZONATION MAPPING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Alrajhi

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Despite of valuable efforts from working groups and research organizations towards flood hazard reduction through its program, still minimal diminution from these hazards has been realized. This is mainly due to the fact that with rapid increase in population and urbanization coupled with climate change, flood hazards are becoming increasingly catastrophic. Therefore there is a need to understand and access flood hazards and develop means to deal with it through proper preparations, and preventive measures. To achieve this aim, Geographical Information System (GIS, geospatial and hydrological models were used as tools to tackle with influence of flash floods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to existence of large valleys (Wadis which is a matter of great concern. In this research paper, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs of different resolution (30m, 20m,10m and 5m have been used, which have proven to be valuable tool for the topographic parameterization of hydrological models which are the basis for any flood modelling process. The DEM was used as input for performing spatial analysis and obtaining derivative products and delineate watershed characteristics of the study area using ArcGIS desktop and its Arc Hydro extension tools to check comparability of different elevation models for flood Zonation mapping. The derived drainage patterns have been overlaid over aerial imagery of study area, to check influence of greater amount of precipitation which can turn into massive destructions. The flow accumulation maps derived provide zones of highest accumulation and possible flow directions. This approach provide simplified means of predicting extent of inundation during flood events for emergency action especially for large areas because of large coverage area of the remotely sensed data.

Kinematic behaviour of a large earthflow defined by surface displacement monitoring, DEM differencing, and ERT imaging

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Prokešová, R.; Kardoš, M.; Tábořík, Petr; Medveďová, A.; Stacke, V.; Chudý, F.

2014-01-01

Roč. 224, NOV 1 (2014), s. 86-101 ISSN 0169-555X R&D Projects: GA MŠk LM2010008 Institutional support: RVO:67985891 Keywords : earthflow * surface displacement * strain modelling * DEM differencing * kinematic behaviour Subject RIV: DE - Earth Magnetism, Geodesy, Geography Impact factor: 2.577, year: 2013

Treatment of thromboembolic occlusions of peripheral arteries with a new percutaneous thrombectomy device; Behandlung peripherer arterieller Thrombembolien durch ein neuartiges perkutanes mechanisches Thrombektomiesystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krankenberg, H; Gehrt, I; Walther, C; Biamino, G [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Kardiologie/Innere Medizin; Sorge, I; Conradi, S [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Abt. Radiologie

2001-03-01

Purpose: We report our experience with a new percutaneous thrombectomy device for the treatment of thromboembolic occlusions of peripheral arteries. Material and methods: Between November 1999 and May 2000 12 patients (10 male) with thromboembolic occlusions of peripheral arteries were treated. 8 occlusions were located in the femoral and popliteal arteries, 3 in the infrapopliteal vessels and 1 in the brachial artery. In all cases a new 6 F-catheter with a rotational screw and a suction vacuum unit was used. Results: The intervention was successful in 11 patients. 1 patient with a failed procedure had a duration of occlusion >90 days. There were no complications. All patients were discharged on the same or the following day. Conclusion: Percutaneous treatment with the thrombectomy device is a feasible option in a small group of patients with thromboembolic occlusions of the peripheral arteries. Often additional treatment is necessary. The major indication seems to be acute thrombosis. The procedure is easy and safe to apply. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Wir berichten ueber die Therapie mit einem neuartigen mechanischen Embolektomiesystem zur Behandlung thrombembolischer Verschluesse peripherer Gefaesse. Material und Methoden: Von November 1999 bis Mai 2000 wurden 12 Patienten (10 maennlich) mit thrombembolischen Verschluessen peripherer Gefaesse behandelt. Die durchschnittliche Verschlusslaenge betrug 8,8{+-}8,2 cm. Verschlusslokalisation: femoropoplitealer Bereich (n=8), Truncus tibiofibularis (n=3) und A. brachialis (n=1). In allen Faellen wurde ein neuartiger 6 F-Rotationskatheter mit Moeglichkeit zur perkutanen Absaugung des thrombotischen Materials ueber ein Vakuumsystem eingesetzt. Ergebnisse: In 11 Faellen konnten die verschlossenen Gefaesse wiedereroeffnet und eine deutliche klinische Verbesserung erreicht werden. Ein Patient mit einer Verschlussdauer >90 Tage liess sich mit dem Thrombektomie-System nicht rekanalisieren. Es traten keine Komplikationen auf. Alle

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento Epidemiological research on dementia in developing countries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Scazufca

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Na medida em que a população mundial está envelhecendo, a demência está se constituindo em importante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Investigações epidemiológicas nestes países são escassas e apresentam dificuldades metodológicas adicionais, principalmente no que se refere à adequação sociocultural dos instrumentos utilizados para a definição de casos. Tendo em vista estas preocupações, foi fundado o "Grupo de Pesquisa em Demência 10/66", que é constituído por uma rede internacional de pesquisadores, predominantemente de países em desenvolvimento. O nome do grupo tem como referência o paradoxo de que menos de 10% dos estudos populacionais sobre demência são dirigidos aos 2/3 ou mais de casos de pessoas com demência que vivem em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é atualizar informações da literatura sobre as diferenças de prevalência e incidência de demência encontradas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento.As the world population is ageing, dementia becomes an important public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Epidemiological research in these settings is scarce and present additional methodological difficulties, mainly regarding the socio-cultural adequacy of instruments used to identify cases of dementia. As a result of these concerns the 10/66 Dementia Research Group was founded to fill this gap. This is an international network of investigators, mostly from developing countries, and the group's name was based on the paradox that less than 10% of the population-based studies on dementia are directed to 2/3 or more cases of people with dementia living in developing countries. The aim of the paper is to update data in the literature regarding the differences in dementia prevalence and incidence seen in developed and developing countries.

Can DEM time series produced by UAV be used to quantify diffuse erosion in an agricultural watershed?

Science.gov (United States)

Pineux, N.; Lisein, J.; Swerts, G.; Bielders, C. L.; Lejeune, P.; Colinet, G.; Degré, A.

2017-03-01

Erosion and deposition modelling should rely on field data. Currently these data are seldom available at large spatial scales and/or at high spatial resolution. In addition, conventional erosion monitoring approaches are labour intensive and costly. This calls for the development of new approaches for field erosion data acquisition. As a result of rapid technological developments and low cost, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have recently become an attractive means of generating high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). The use of UAV to observe and quantify gully erosion is now widely established. However, in some agro-pedological contexts, soil erosion results from multiple processes, including sheet and rill erosion, tillage erosion and erosion due to harvest of root crops. These diffuse erosion processes often represent a particular challenge because of the limited elevation changes they induce. In this study, we propose to assess the reliability and development perspectives of UAV to locate and quantify erosion and deposition in a context of an agricultural watershed with silt loam soils and a smooth relief. Erosion and deposition rates derived from high resolution DEM time series are compared to field measurements. The UAV technique demonstrates a high level of flexibility and can be used, for instance, after a major erosive event. It delivers a very high resolution DEM (pixel size: 6 cm) which allows us to compute high resolution runoff pathways. This could enable us to precisely locate runoff management practices such as fascines. Furthermore, the DEMs can be used diachronically to extract elevation differences before and after a strongly erosive rainfall and be validated by field measurements. While the analysis for this study was carried out over 2 years, we observed a tendency along the slope from erosion to deposition. Erosion and deposition patterns detected at the watershed scale are also promising. Nevertheless, further development in the

CFD-DEM simulation of a conceptual gas-cooled fluidized bed nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, Lucilla C.; Su, Jian

2015-01-01

Several conceptual designs of the fluidized-bed nuclear reactor have been proposed due to its many advantages over conventional nuclear reactors such as PWRs and BWRs. Amongst their characteristics, the enhanced heat transfer and mixing enables a more uniform temperature distribution, reducing the risk of hot-spot and excessive fuel temperature, in addition to resulting in a higher burnup of the fuel. Furthermore, the relationship between the bed height and reactor neutronics turns the coolant flow rate control into a power production mechanism. Moreover, the possibility of removing the fuel by gravity from the movable core in case of a loss-of-cooling accident increases its safety. High-accuracy modeling of particles and coolant flow in fluidized bed reactors is needed to evaluate reliably the thermal-hydraulic efficiency and safety margin. The two-way coupling between solid and fluid can account for high-fidelity solid-solid interaction and reasonable accuracy in fluid calculation and fluid-solid interaction. In the CFD-DEM model, the particles are modeled as a discrete phase, following the DEM approach, whereas the fluid flow is treated as a continuous phase, described by the averaged Navier-Stokes equations on a computational cell scale. In this work, the coupling methodology between Fluent and Rocky is described. The numerical approach was applied to the simulation of a bubbling fluidized bed and the results were compared to experimental data and showed good agreement. (author)

Influence of hormone substitution therapy on postmenopausal uterus; Einfluss einer Hormonsubstitution auf den postmenopausalen Uterus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otte, A.; Ruedisueli, A.; Goetze, M.; Leibundgut, U.; Mueller-Brand, J. [Inst. fuer Nuklearmedizin, Kantonsspital, Universitaetskliniken, Basel (Switzerland); Nitzsche, E.U. [Abt. Nuklearmedizin, Radiologische Universitaetsklinik, Freiburg (Germany)

1997-12-01

In a 58-year-old postmenopausal woman blood flow and blood pool images of bone scintigraphy showed a focus of increased activity in the right pelvic region. Computed tomography and ultrasound exhibited no abnormalities in the abdomen; especially the uterus and ovaries were normal. Careful anamnestic evaluation revealed that the patient received a long-term peroral estrogen/gestagen replacement therapy for the prevention of osteoporosis, but did not have menstruation-like bleedings for the last twelve months of therapy. At time of admission, the patient was on day 25 of hormone replacement therapy, and the uterus wash, therefore, in a premenstrual stage. Hence, despite cessation of bleedings in postmenopausal women, one should think of hormone replacement therapy as an explanation for vascular pelvic tumors seen by the first two phases of bone scintigraphy, before further diagnostic steps are undertaken. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei der Skelettszintigraphie einer 58jaehrigen postmenopausalen Frau erkannte man in der Perfusions- und Blood-pool-Phase einen unklaren Fokus erhoehter Aktivitaet im rechten Becken. Computertomographie und Sonographie des Abdomens, insbesondere des Uterus und der Ovarien, waren unauffaellig. Nach eingehender anamnestischer Befragung stellte sich heraus, dass die Patientin unter einer mehrjaehrigen peroralen Oestrogen-/Gestagen-Hormonsubstitutionstherapie zur Osteoporose-Prophylaxe stand, jedoch seit den letzten zwoelf Monaten der Therapie ueber keine menstruationsaehnlichen Abbruchblutungen mehr berichten konnte. Bei ihrer Zuweisung befand sich die Patientin am 25. Tag der Hormonsubstitutionstherapie und ihr Uterus somit in einem praemenstruellen Stadium. Trotz Ausbleibens der Blutung bei postmenopausalen Frauen sollte somit an die Moeglichkeit der Hormonsubstitution gedacht und danach gefragt werden, wenn in den ersten beiden Phasen der Skelettszintigraphie eine unklare, gut vaskularisierte Struktur im kleinen Becken gefunden wird, bevor weitere

Thieves, Parent Abusers, Draft Dodgers... and Homicides?:The authenticity of Dem. 24.105

OpenAIRE

Canevaro, Mirko

2013-01-01

This article discusses the authenticity of the document preserved at Dem. 24.105. This purportedly reports two laws, one about theft and the other about parent abusers, draft dodgers and homicides. Scholars have often believed it to provide reliable information about the procedures of dike klopes, apagoge phonou and apagoge against atimoi. This analysis shows that the document is inconsistent with other, reliable, information about the same topics and its language does not conform to that of ...

Recent glacier mass balance and area changes in the Kangri Karpo Mountains from DEMs and glacier inventories

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Kunpeng; Liu, Shiyin; Jiang, Zongli; Xu, Junli; Wei, Junfeng; Guo, Wanqin

2018-01-01

Due to the influence of the Indian monsoon, the Kangri Karpo Mountains in the south-east of the Tibetan Plateau is in the most humid and one of the most important and concentrated regions containing maritime (temperate) glaciers. Glacier mass loss in the Kangri Karpo is an important contributor to global mean sea level rise, and changes run-off distribution, increasing the risk of glacial-lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Because of its inaccessibility and high labour costs, information about the Kangri Karpo glaciers is still limited. Using geodetic methods based on digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from 1980 topographic maps from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) (2000) and from TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X (2014), this study has determined glacier elevation changes. Glacier area and length changes between 1980 and 2015 were derived from topographical maps and Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI images. Results show that the Kangri Karpo contained 1166 glaciers with an area of 2048.50 ± 48.65 km2 in 2015. Ice cover diminished by 679.51 ± 59.49 km2 (24.9 ± 2.2 %) or 0.71 ± 0.06 % a-1 from 1980 to 2015, although nine glaciers advanced. A glacierized area of 788.28 km2, derived from DEM differencing, experienced a mean mass loss of 0.46 ± 0.08 m w.e. a-1 from 1980 to 2014. Shrinkage and mass loss accelerated significantly from 2000 to 2015 compared to 1980-2000, consistent with a warming climate.

Percolation experiments to determine fluid-matrix interaction (with particular regard to pretreatment of the drill core); Kerndurchstroemungsversuche zur Ermittlung von Fluid-Matrix-Wechselwirkungen (unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Kernvorbehandlung)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin, M; Seibt, A [TU Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bohrtechnik und Fluidbergbau; Hoth, P [GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (Germany)

1997-12-01

The injection of fluids into sandstone reservoirs leads to interactions between these waters, the reservoir rocks, and the formation fluids. Estimations about possible permeability reducing processes caused by these interactions are therefore of great importance for the exploitation of sandstone aquifers as geothermal reservoirs. Percolation experiments under in situ conditions with core samples from North German geothermal boreholes were done in order to investigate these fluid-rock interactions. (orig./AKF) [Deutsch] Die Injektion von Fluiden in Aquiferspeicher fuehrt zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Speichergestein, den Formationsfluiden und den injizierten Loesungen. Fuer die Bewirtschaftung der Speicher sind insbesondere Kenntnisse ueber moegliche Permeabilitaetsreduzierungen durch diese Wechselwirkungen von Bedeutung. Mit Hilfe von Kern-Durchstroemungsexperimenten, durchgefuehrt unter lagerstaettenaehnlichen Bedingungen mit Original- bzw. modifizierten Fluiden, wurde daher das Durchstroemungsverhalten von unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Reservoirsandsteinen aus norddeutschen Geothermiebohrungen untersucht. (orig./AKF)

Communication of technical building systems. Fundamentals; Kommunikation technischer Gebaeudesysteme. Grundlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kranz, H.R. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 17 of the anthology about building control the communication between and with technical building systems is described. The following aspects are discussed: From the matrix cable to the standard bus, data transmission, communication terms, components of communication systems, type of data transmission, types of connection, networks, protocols, the ISO/OSI reference model, application of automation in the field of communication, services and profiles, communication objects. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 17 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der Kommunikation zwischen und mit technischen Gebaeudesystemen gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themen angesprochen: Vom Matrixkabel zum Standard-Bus; Daten-Transport; Kommunikations-Begriffe; Komponenten der Kommunikations-Systeme; Art der Datenuebertragung; Verbindungsarten, Netze, Protokolle; Das ISO/OSI Referenzmodell; Automation als Anwendung in der Kommunikation; Dienste und Profile; Kommunikationsobjekte. (BWI)

Investigation of effective thermal conductivity for pebble beds by one-way coupled CFD-DEM method for CFETR WCCB

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Lei [Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 (China); Chen, Youhua [University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 (China); Huang, Kai [Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Liu, Songlin, E-mail: slliu@ipp.ac.cn [Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 (China)

2016-05-15

Highlights: • A CFD-DEM coupled numerical model is built based on the prototypical blanket pebble bed. • The numerical model can be applied to simulate heat transfer of a pebble bed and estimate effective thermal conductivity. • The numerical model agrees well with the theoretical SZB model. • Effective thermal conductivity of pebble beds for WCCB is estimated by the current model. - Abstract: The mono-sized beryllium pebble bed and the multi-sized Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}/Be{sub 12}Ti mixed pebble bed are the main schemes for the Water-cooled ceramic breeder blanket (WCCB) of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). And the effective thermal conductivity (k{sub eff}) of the pebble beds is important to characterize the thermal performance of WCCB. In this study, a one-way coupled CFD-DEM method was employed to simulate heat transfer and estimate k{sub eff}. The geometric topology of a prototypical blanket pebble bed was produced by the discrete element method (DEM). Based on the geometric topology, the temperature distribution and the k{sub eff} were obtained by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The current numerical model presented a good performance to calculate k{sub eff} of the beryllium pebble bed, and according to the modeling of the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}/Be{sub 12}Ti mixed pebble bed, k{sub eff} was estimated with values ranged between 2.0 and 4.0 W/(m∙K).

Modern MRI of the small bowell; Moderne MRT des Duenndarms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharitzer, M.; Ba-Ssalamah, A. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien, Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Wien (Austria)

2015-12-15

variety of MR sequences has enabled not only the detection but also the characterization of pathological changes of the small intestine, which are vital for further treatment of these patients. (orig.) [German] Die radiologische Diagnostik von Erkrankungen des Duenndarms wurde in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten einem dramatischen Wandel unterzogen. Durch rasche Fortschritte mit neuen Behandlungsmethoden und einem zunehmend therapeutischen Fokus auf transmuralen Heilungsprozessen ist eine Gesamtabklaerung des Gastrointestinaltrakts in den Mittelpunkt gerueckt. Durch die Einfuehrung der Endoskopie hat die gastrointestinale Bildgebung mit der Magen-Darm-Passage bzw. dem Enteroklysma mit einer relativ hohen Strahlenbelastung nur bedingte Einsatzmoeglichkeiten gezeigt. Die Entwicklung der Schnittbildverfahren ermoeglichte eine deutlich breitere radiologische Abklaerung abdomineller Erkrankungen. Durch schnelle Untersuchungstechniken sowie einen hohen Weichteilkontrast mit dem grossen Vorteil einer fehlenden Strahlenexposition hat die MRT des Gastrointestinaltrakts zunehmende Bedeutung gewonnen. Bei suffizienter Fuellung des Darmlumens liegt ein grosser Vorteil in der gleichzeitigen Abbildung saemtlicher Darmwandschichten, der perienteralen Strukturen sowie assoziierter abdomineller Veraenderungen. Neue MR-Sequenzen wie diffusionsgewichtete Sequenzen, dynamische Kontrastmittelsequenzen oder die MR-Fluoroskopie ermoeglichen die Detektion morphologischer Veraenderungen mit zusaetzlicher Charakterisierung dieser Darmabschnitte sowie die Beurteilung funktioneller Pathologien mit dynamischer Information ueber eine gestoerte Darmmotilitaet. Aktuelle Richtlinien europaeischer radiologischer und gastroenterologischer Organisationen haben die Bedeutung der Schnittbildverfahren und insbesondere der MRT fuer die Erstdiagnose und das Follow-up bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn bestaetigt. Durch die Moeglichkeit der Beurteilung aller Darmwandschichten sowie dem Vorhandensein extramuraler

Transperineal gold marker implantation for image-guided external beam radiotherapy of prostate cancer. A single institution, prospective study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jorgo, Kliton; Agoston, Peter; Major, Tibor; Takacsi-Nagy, Zoltan; Polgar, Csaba [National Institute of Oncology, Centre of Radiotherapy, Budapest (Hungary)

2017-06-15

Patienten drei roentgendichte Goldmarker unter transrektaler Ultraschallkontrolle und Lokalanaesthesie transperineal in die Prostata implantiert. Die Patienten beantworteten 1 Woche nach Implantation einen Fragebogen ueber Schmerzempfinden, Dysurie, Harnausscheidungsfrequenz, Nykturie, rektale Blutung, Haematurie, Haematospermie oder Fiebersymptome, verursacht durch die Implantation. Im Schmerzscore von 1-10 beschreibt 1 sehr schwache und 10 unertraeglich starke Schmerzen. Die implantierten Goldmarker wurden zur taeglichen Kontrolle und Online-Korrektur bei der IGRT genutzt. In den Frageboegen berichtete kein Patienten ueber Fieber, Infektion, Dysurie oder rektale Blutung nach Implantation. Von 300 Patienten hatten 12 (4 %) Haematospermien und 43 (14 %) Haematurien, die jeweils 3,4 und 1,8 Tagen andauerten. Der durchschnittliche Schmerzscore war 4,6 (Spanne 0-9). Von 300 Patienten klagten 87 (29 %) nach dem Eingriff ueber leichte Schmerzen innerhalb von 1,5 Tagen; kein Patienten benoetigte nach Implantation Analgetika. Insgesamt 105 Patienten (35 %) berichteten ueber weniger, 80 Patienten (27 %) ueber mehr und 94 Patienten (31 %) ueber gleich starke Schmerzen waehrend der Implantation im Vergleich zur Biopsie. Diese Frage hatten 21 Patienten, bei denen eine Biopsie unter Allgemeinanaesthesie durchgefuehrt wurde, nicht beantwortet. Die transperineale Implantation von Goldmarkern unter Lokalanaesthesie wurde gut vertragen. Komplikationen waren begrenzt; Rate und Frequenz von perioperativ auftretenden Schmerzen waren vergleichbar mit denen einer Biopsie. Die Methode ist in der klinischen Praxis sicher durchfuehrbar. (orig.)

Influence of the freezing process on the pore structure of freeze-dried collagen sponges; Einfluss des Einfriervorganges auf die Porenstruktur gefriergetrockneter Kollagenschwaemme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoof, H.; Bruns, L.; Apel, J.; Heschel, I.; Rau, G. [Helmholz-Inst. fuer Biomedizinische Technik, Aachen (Germany)

1997-12-31

Freeze-dried sponges are used as colonisable tissue implants. As their porous structure is important for rapid colonisation it was found desirable to be able to produce homogeneous pore structures to specification. The structure of freeze-dried sponges is largely the same as the ice crystal morphology of frozen samples. In industrial manufacture suspensions are solidified in a cold bath. Freezing conditions are not stationary in this process, rendering ice crystal morphology inhomogeneous. However, studies on directed solidification as it is used in the Bridgman or the power-down method have shown that certain freezing conditions permit the production of collagen sponges of homogenous predefined pore size. [Deutsch] Gefriergetrocknete Kollagenschwaemme werden als besiedelbare Gewebeimplantate eingesetzt. Da die poroese Struktur fuer eine zuegige Besiedelung von grosser Bedeutung ist, sollen Kollagenschwaemme mit einer einstellbaren und homogenen Porenstruktur hergestellt werden. Die Struktur der gefriergetrockneten Schwaemme entspricht weitestgehend der Eiskristallmorphologie der gefrorenen Probe. Bei der industriellen Herstellung werden Suspensionen in einem Kaeltebad erstarrt. Die Einfrierbedingungen sind dabei nicht stationaer, was zu einer inhomogenen Eiskristallmorphologie fuehrt. Untersuchungen zur gerichteten Erstarrung nach dem Bridgman- und dem Power-Down-Verfahren ergaben jedoch, dass unter bestimmten Einfrierbedingungen Kollagenschwaemme mit homogener und definierbarer Porengroesse hergestellt werden koennen. (orig.)

GIS-based debris flow source and runout susceptibility assessment from DEM data – a case study in NW Nicaragua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. M. Vilaplana

2007-11-01

Full Text Available In October 1998, Hurricane Mitch triggered numerous landslides (mainly debris flows in Honduras and Nicaragua, resulting in a high death toll and in considerable damage to property. The potential application of relatively simple and affordable spatial prediction models for landslide hazard mapping in developing countries was studied. Our attention was focused on a region in NW Nicaragua, one of the most severely hit places during the Mitch event. A landslide map was obtained at 1:10 000 scale in a Geographic Information System (GIS environment from the interpretation of aerial photographs and detailed field work. In this map the terrain failure zones were distinguished from the areas within the reach of the mobilized materials. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM with 20 m×20 m of pixel size was also employed in the study area. A comparative analysis of the terrain failures caused by Hurricane Mitch and a selection of 4 terrain factors extracted from the DEM which, contributed to the terrain instability, was carried out. Land propensity to failure was determined with the aid of a bivariate analysis and GIS tools in a terrain failure susceptibility map. In order to estimate the areas that could be affected by the path or deposition of the mobilized materials, we considered the fact that under intense rainfall events debris flows tend to travel long distances following the maximum slope and merging with the drainage network. Using the TauDEM extension for ArcGIS software we generated automatically flow lines following the maximum slope in the DEM starting from the areas prone to failure in the terrain failure susceptibility map. The areas crossed by the flow lines from each terrain failure susceptibility class correspond to the runout susceptibility classes represented in a runout susceptibility map. The study of terrain failure and runout susceptibility enabled us to obtain a spatial prediction for landslides, which could contribute to landslide risk

Supply Chain Management (SCM) mit Kanban

Science.gov (United States)

Beer, Anja; Dickmann, Eva; Dickmann, Philipp; Gerth, Wolf-Michael; Graßy, Mario; Herron, Colin; Schmidt, Peter; Seidl, Florian; Wittmann, Claus-Eduard

Nach Schätzungen von Mercer Management Consulting und dem Fraunhofer Institut wird der Wertschöpfungsanteil in der Automobilindustrie von durchschnittlich 35 % im Jahr 2002 auf 23 % im Jahr 2015 sinken [Merc 04]. Der Trend, die Produktionstiefe oder allgemeiner, die Wertschöpfungstiefe, zu reduzieren, hat zur Folge, dass die Kaufteile den größeren Teil der Wertschöpfung einnehmen. Die Optimierungspotentiale und der Einfluss auf die Kosten wandern immer mehr zu den Lieferanten, vor allem bei größeren Unternehmen oder Konzernen. Lieferanten-Philosophien, die auf oberflächlichen Verbindungen zu Lieferanten aufbauen, um immer optimal und schnell den günstigsten Teilepreis zu erhalten, haben sich in vielen Sparten oder Produktbereichen, z. B. im Maschinenbau, im besten Fall als kurzfristig erfolgreich erwiesen. Kooperative und nachhaltige Strategien sind der erfolgversprechendere Weg, zumindest mittelbis langfristig. In der Realität wird sehr wenig in Supply Chain-Konzepte investiert und die Umsetzungen sind daher vielmals oberflächlich.

Pflege – eine Sache der ganzen Familie

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Nicole Maly-Lukas

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Derzeit sind in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ca. 2 Millionen Menschen pflegebedürftig. Etwa 1,4 Millionen werden im häuslichen Bereich – in der Regel von Familienmitgliedern gepflegt – z. T. mit professioneller Unterstützung. Die Familie ist also weiterhin „der größte Pflegedienst der Nation“. Und es sind hauptsächlich die Frauen, die sich für die Pflege von Familienmitgliedern verantwortlich fühlen. Gröning et al. möchten sich in ihrem Buch In guten wie in schlechten Tagen aber nicht auf die Belastungen der pflegenden Frauen beschränken. Sie stellen die Generationen- und Geschlechterbeziehungen, die einen großen Einfluss auf die familiäre Pflegebeziehung haben, in den Vordergrund. In dem Buch Pflegegeschichten kommen rund 40 pflegende Angehörige selbst zu Wort, indem sie ‚ihre‘ persönliche „Pflegegeschichte“ erzählen.

Coupled DEM-CFD analyses of landslide-induced debris flows

CERN Document Server

Zhao, Tao

2017-01-01

This book reflects the latest research results in computer modelling of landslide-induced debris flows. The book establishes an understanding of the initiation and propagation mechanisms of landslides by means of numerical simulations, so that mitigation strategies to reduce the long-term losses from landslide hazards can be devised. In this context, the book employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of granular materials involved in landslides – an approach that yields meaningful insights into the flow mechanisms, concerning e.g. the mobilization of sediments, the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressures, and the evolution of effective stresses. As such, the book provides valuable information, useful methods and robust numerical tools that can be successfully applied in the field of debris flow research.

Application of the PROMETHEE technique to determine depression outlet location and flow direction in DEM

Science.gov (United States)

Chou, Tien-Yin; Lin, Wen-Tzu; Lin, Chao-Yuan; Chou, Wen-Chieh; Huang, Pi-Hui

2004-02-01

With the fast growing progress of computer technologies, spatial information on watersheds such as flow direction, watershed boundaries and the drainage network can be automatically calculated or extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM). The stubborn problem that depressions exist in DEMs has been frequently encountered while extracting the spatial information of terrain. Several filling-up methods have been proposed for solving depressions. However, their suitability for large-scale flat areas is inadequate. This study proposes a depression watershed method coupled with the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEEs) theory to determine the optimal outlet and calculate the flow direction in depressions. Three processing procedures are used to derive the depressionless flow direction: (1) calculating the incipient flow direction; (2) establishing the depression watershed by tracing the upstream drainage area and determining the depression outlet using PROMETHEE theory; (3) calculating the depressionless flow direction. The developed method was used to delineate the Shihmen Reservoir watershed located in Northern Taiwan. The results show that the depression watershed method can effectively solve the shortcomings such as depression outlet differentiating and looped flow direction between depressions. The suitability of the proposed approach was verified.

Comparison Between Topographic Expression of RADARSAT and DEM in Simpang Pulai to Pos Selim, Malaysia

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M.F.Ramli

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Radar and digital elevation model had been utilised in many structural studies. The main objective of this study is to compare the RADARSAT and digital elevation model for lineament interpretation which probably represent the main joints or faults along the Simpang Pulai to Pos Selim highway, Malaysia. These joints and faults may influence the instability along the highway. Manual comparison in terms of topographical aspect was undertaken between RADARSAT with 25 m spatial resolution and digital elevation model derived from 20 m contour interval of the topographical map. The previously interpreted lineaments of more than 2 km in the study area was draped over the RADARSAT and digital elevation model to compared whether the lineament concurred with the topographical representation. The interpreted lineaments were derived from Landsat TM of 1990 and 2002, where the DEM had been utilised in the negative lineament determination. It is concluded that the application RADARSAT is not very useful in terms of topographical expression in the structural geological interpretation for the study area compared to DEM derived from contour data. Further work is suggested before any conclusion can be confidently derived.

Burma/Myanmar: Challenges of a Ceasefire Accord in Karen State Burma/Myanmar: Herausforderungen eines Waffenstillstandsabkommens im Karen-Staat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul Core

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Burma (Myanmar has seen some of the longest-running insurgencies in the world, which have had a devastating effect on local populations and the country as a whole. While the Karen National Union (KNU, which has fought successive Burmese governments since 1949, is in a critical phase of its life, the KNU/KNLA Peace Council (KPC is experiencing life under a ceasefire accord with the Burmese government, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC. Major challenges have occurred since the ceasefire and future developments are uncertain. Like all ceasefire groups in the country, the KPC has come under immense pressure to follow the government’s “seven-step road map” to democracy, compete in the 2010 elections, and transform its troops into a border guard force under the control of the Burmese military or face disarmament. This article seeks to provide some insights into a ceasefire group, to analyse the failures and successes of the ceasefire accord, and to outline future challenges to the country. Myanmar (Burma ist bis heute Schauplatz von anhaltenden ethnischen Konflikten, welche einen erheblichen Einfluss auf lokale Bevölkerungen und das ganze Land haben. Während die Karen National Union, die seit dem Jahr 1949 gegen die burmesische Regierung kämpft, sich in einer kritischen Phase befindet, hat das KNU/KNLA Peace Council seinen eigenen Frieden mit der Militärregierung geschlossen. Seit dem Waffenstillstand haben sich erhebliche Herausforderungen aufgetan und zukünftige Entwicklungen sind ungewiss. Wie alle Waffenstillstandsgruppen im Land steht die Gruppe unter dem Druck der Regierung, dem „Sieben-Punkte-Fahrplan zur disziplinierten Demokratie“ zu folgen und damit eine politische Partei zu gründen sowie seine Truppen in eine Grenztruppe unter Kontrolle des burmesischen Militärs zu transformieren. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in eine Waffenstillstandsgruppe, analysiert die Erfolge sowie Misserfolge des

Recent glacier mass balance and area changes in the Kangri Karpo Mountains from DEMs and glacier inventories

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. Wu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Due to the influence of the Indian monsoon, the Kangri Karpo Mountains in the south-east of the Tibetan Plateau is in the most humid and one of the most important and concentrated regions containing maritime (temperate glaciers. Glacier mass loss in the Kangri Karpo is an important contributor to global mean sea level rise, and changes run-off distribution, increasing the risk of glacial-lake outburst floods (GLOFs. Because of its inaccessibility and high labour costs, information about the Kangri Karpo glaciers is still limited. Using geodetic methods based on digital elevation models (DEMs derived from 1980 topographic maps from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM (2000 and from TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X (2014, this study has determined glacier elevation changes. Glacier area and length changes between 1980 and 2015 were derived from topographical maps and Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI images. Results show that the Kangri Karpo contained 1166 glaciers with an area of 2048.50 ± 48.65 km2 in 2015. Ice cover diminished by 679.51 ± 59.49 km2 (24.9 ± 2.2 % or 0.71 ± 0.06 % a−1 from 1980 to 2015, although nine glaciers advanced. A glacierized area of 788.28 km2, derived from DEM differencing, experienced a mean mass loss of 0.46 ± 0.08 m w.e. a−1 from 1980 to 2014. Shrinkage and mass loss accelerated significantly from 2000 to 2015 compared to 1980–2000, consistent with a warming climate.

Hypocotyl shape in radishes - a useful impact criterion for biological indication of ozone?; Hypokotyl-Form bei Radieschen - ein sinnvolles Wirkungskriterium fuer die Bioindikation von Ozon?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kostka-Rick, R.

1992-12-31

A consistent correlation between certain `source` leaves and specific `sink` regions in the root of Beta vulgaris L. justifies to study the impact of ozone (O{sub 3}) on the shape of the hypocotyl in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and the potential use of shape variants as effect criteria. A 7-day period of exposure to O{sub 3} ranging within realistic immission levels caused a nonsignificant reduction of hypocotyl fresh weight in radish. Two out three of the shape indices under study were also changed by ozone exposure - sometimes significantly. A discriminance function derived from several shape indices with or without fresh weight allowed a significant separation between the two O{sub 3}-treatment variants. Treatment with the anti-oxidant ethylene diurea (EDU) had no essential effect on hypocotyl shape. The author discusses the use of shape variants for ozone bio-indication. (orig.) [Deutsch] Eine konsistente Beziehung zwischen bestimmten `source`-Blaettern und spezifischen `sink`-Regionen in der Wurzel von Beta vulgaris L. rechtfertigt die Ueberpruefung des Einflusses von Ozon (O{sub 3}) auf die Form des Hypokotyls bei Radies (Raphanus sativus L.) und der potentiellen Nutzung von Formvariablen als Wirkungskriterium. Eine 7taegige O{sub 3}-Belastung im Bereich realistischer Immissionskonzentrationen verursachte eine nicht-signifikante Minderung des Hypokotyl-Frischgewichtes von Radies. Zwei von drei der untersuchten Formindizes wurden durch die Ozon-Belastung ebenfalls, z.T. signifikant, veraendert. Eine Diskriminanzfunktion aus mehreren Formindizes, mit oder ohne Einbeziehung des Frischgewichtes, gestattete eine signifikante Trennung zwischen den beiden O{sub 3}-Behandlungsvarianten. Eine Behandlung mit dem Anti-oxidants Ethylendiurea (EDU) hatte keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Hypokotylform. Die Moeglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Formvariablen in der Bioindikation von Ozon werden diskutiert. (orig.)

Individual coping as a link between traffic noise and its effects? A study on railway noise; Individuelle Bewaeltigungsversuche als Vermittler zwischen Verkehrslaerm und seinen Wirkungen? Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel des Schienenverkehrslaerms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer-Paron, M.

2000-07-01

Does a person's strategy of coping with traffic noise influence the extent to which he or she feels stressed by it? Ever sSince the seventies, noise research has been attempting to identify factors apart from the noise level that contribute to extraaural noise effects. This investigation discusses new results in the light of transactional stress theory and also investigates the influence of individual coping. Studies on 116 persons showed that it is not the concrete attempt to cope which is the decisive factor but a person's assumptions about his or her potential influence on the experienced noise and its effects, i.e. control. The degree of control experienced was found to be an intermediate step in the development of stress effects. [German] Hat die Art, wie Personen mit taeglich erlebtem Verkehrslaerm umgehen, Einfluss darauf, wie stark sie sich beeintraechtigt fuehlen? Seit den 70er Jahren bemueht sich die Laermforschung, Faktoren zu benennen, die neben dem Schallpegel an der Entstehung (extraauraler) Laermwirkungen beteiligt sind. Die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse erhalten hier durch ihre Einordnung in den Rahmen der transaktionalen Stresstheorien eine theoretische Fundierung. Gleichzeitig wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob auch das Theorieelement Coping (individuelle Bewaeltigungsversuche) als Einflussfaktor fuer die Staerke von Laermwirkungen zu betrachten ist. Empirisch wurde geprueft, ob sich Gestoertheitsurteile und Schlafqualitaetsindikatoren bei schienenverkehrslaermbelasteten Personen in Abhaengigkeit vom individuellen Coping unterscheiden. Die Untersuchung an 116 Personen zeigte, dass nicht konkrete Bewaeltigungsversuche die Groesse von Laermwirkungen mitbestimmen, sondern die Einschaetzung, Einfluss auf den Laerm oder seine Wirkungen nehmen zu koennen (Kontrolle). Belegt wurde, dass die wahrgenommene Kontrolle einen Zwischenschritt bei der Entstehung von Gestoertheitsurteilen darstellt. (orig.)

Security Culture in Times of War: How Did the Balkan War Affect the Security Cultures in Germany and United States?

Science.gov (United States)

2007-06-01

Einfluss und Interessensphaeren (Osnabrueck: Biblio Verlag, 1999). 124 Lantis, Strategic Dilemmas and the Evolution of German Foreign Policy since...Vorgeschichte und Konsequenzen. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1999. Mennel, Rainer. Der Balkan: Einfluss und Interessensphaeren. Osnabrueck: Biblio Verlag

Mechanical-biological waste conditioning with controlled venting - the Meisenheim mechanical-biological waste conditioning plant; Mechanisch-biologische Restabfallbehandlung nach dem Kaminzugverfahren - MBRA Meisenheim

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hangen, H.O. [Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb Landkreis Bad Kreuznach, Bad Kreuznach (Germany)

1998-12-31

The decision of the rural district of Bad Kreuznach to propose creating facilities for mechanical-biological waste conditioning at the new northern Meisenheim landfill was consistent and correct. It will ensure that the material deposited at this new, state-of-the-art landfill is organically `lean` and can be deposited with a high density. Preliminary sifting of the material prior to depositing safeguards that no improper components are inadvertently included. Three years of operation warrant the statement that waste components that cannot be appropriately biologically conditioned should be eliminated prior to rotting. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Entscheidung des Landkreises Bad Kreuznach, der neu eingerichteten Norddeponie Meisenheim eine MBRA vorzuschlaten, war auf jeden Fall konsequent und richtig. Es ist damit sicher gestellt, dass in diesem neuen nach dem Stand der Technik eingerichteten Deponiebereich von Anfang an ein Material eingelagert wird, das `organisch abgemagert` ist und mit hoher Einbaudichte eingebaut werden kann. Die Sichtung des gesamten Deponie-Inputs in der Vorsortierhalle gibt ein Stueck Sicherheit, dass keine nicht zugelassenen Stoffe verdeckt dem Ablagerungsbereich der Deponie zugefuehrt werden. Nach mehr als 3 Jahren Betriebszeit kann festgestellt werden, dass biologisch nicht sinnvoll behandelbare Abfallbestandteile vor dem Rotteprozess abgetrennt werden sollten. (orig.)

Einfluss physiologischer Faktoren auf die Gehstrecke und prognostische Aussagekraft des 6 Minuten Gehtestes bei Patienten mit dilatativer Kardiomyopathie und ihren Angehörigen

OpenAIRE

Temath, Christoph

2013-01-01

Ein Vergleich biometrischer Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht, BMI, Ejektionsfraktion, SF und linksventrikulärer enddistolischer Durchmesser, sowie dem NYHA Stadium bei Patienten mit dilatativer Kardiomyopathie und gesunden Probanden auf die während des 6-Minuten-Gehtest gelaufene Distanz ergab, dass Frauen mit dilatativer Kardiomyopathie eine kürzere Gehstrecke zurücklegen als Männer gleichen Alters und gleicher Erkrankung. Zudem la...

DEM ASSESSMENT DERIVED FROM CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A CASE STUDY FROM KADAVUR AREA, KARUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Anbarasan

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Close-Range Photogrammetry is an accurate, cost effective technique of collecting measurements of real world objects and conditions, directly from photographs. Photogrammetry utilizes digital images to obtain accurate measurements and geometric data of the object or area of interest, in order to provide spatial information for Engineering design, spatial surveys or 3D modeling. The benefits of close-range Photogrammetry over other field procedures are purported to be: Increased accuracy; complete as-built information; reduced costs; reduced on-site time; and effective for small and large projects. The same basic principle of traditional Aerial Photogrammetry can be applied to stereoscopic pictures taken from lower altitudes or from the ground. Terrestrial, ground-based, and close-range are all descriptive terms that refer to photos taken with an object-to-camera distance less than 300m (1000 feet. (Matthews, N.A, 2008. Close range Photogrammetry is a technique for obtaining the geometric information (e.g. position, distance, size and shape of any object in 3D space that was imaged on the two dimensional (2D photos, (Wolf, P.R, et.al, 2000 DEM Generation requires many processing and computation, such as camera calibration, stereo matching, editing, and interpolation. All the mentioned steps contribute to the quality of DEM. Image on close range Photogrammetry can be captured using three kind of camera: metric camera, semi-metric camera, and non-metric camera (Hanke, K., et.al, 2002. In this paper DEM quality assessed at Kadavur area, Karur district, Tamil Naudu, India using Close Range Photogrammetry technique, Commercial Digital Camera and Leica Photogrammetry Suite.

EXTRACTING PRECISE AND AFFORDABLE DEMS DESPITE OF THE CLOUDS. AJAX: THE JOINING OF RADAR AND OPTICAL STRENGTHS

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1 L. Cunin

2012-07-01

The DEMs extracted from TerraSAR-X and HRS proved extremely consistent with each other, showing a mean difference of 0.80m. This allows to propose a unified Elevation30 product to the users, with a guaranteed accuracy materialized into the product through a dedicated vertical Accuracy Commitment Mask.

Direct regional quasi-geoid determination using EGM2008 and DEM: A case study for Mainland China and its vicinity areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jin Li

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Earth's gravity model (EGM helps people better determine the figure of Earth, which is generally represented by a global geoid. For a considerable amount of practical applications, people use quasi-geoid to approximate the geoid, thus the quasi-geoid is also treated as an important height datum. In this study we revisit the method to directly determine regional quasi-geoid using EGM and digital elevation model (DEM, on the basis of Molodensky theory. According to the method we obtain a 5′ × 5′ quasi-geoid for Mainland China and its vicinity areas, based on the EGM2008 gravitational potential model and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM DEM model. By comparing height anomalies derived from EGM2008 with observations at 70 GPS/leveling points in areas including northwest, mid-west, mid-east and southeast of China, we find that the 5′ × 5′ EGM2008 quasi-geoid well fits the GPS/leveling results, with average deviations less than 10 cm for the selected areas in east China (with mainly plain topography and ∼20 cm for the selected areas in west China (highland or mountainous areas. We also discuss a few technical issues for directly determining height anomalies based on EGM and DEM, under the frame of Molodensky theory.

Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network for Procedural 3D Landscape Generation Based on DEM

OpenAIRE

Wulff-Jensen, Andreas; Rant, Niclas Nerup; Møller, Tobias Nordvig; Billeskov, Jonas Aksel

2018-01-01

This paper proposes a novel framework for improving procedural generation of 3D landscapes using machine learning. We utilized a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DC-GAN) to generate heightmaps. The network was trained on a dataset consisting of Digital Elevation Maps (DEM) of the alps. During map generation, the batch size and learning rate were optimized for the most efficient and satisfying map production. The diversity of the final output was tested against Perlin noise u...

Prevalence of presenile dementia in a tertiary outpatient clinic Prevalência de demência pré-senil num ambulatório terciário

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Satomi Fujihara

2004-09-01

Full Text Available There are very few reports about prevalence of presenile dementia in Brazil. We reviewed files of patients evaluated with early onset of cognitive impairment in our institution. Among 141 patients (61% males there was no difference between gender by age at onset or at first evaluation. We have observed an increasing number of patients after 50 years. The most frequent causes were: vascular dementia (36.9%, Alzheimer's disease (20.3% and traumatic brain injury (9.2%. There was difference among dementia type by age of onset and first evaluation, educational level and length of dementia. These results may be compared with those from other neurologic services in order to replicate or confirm these results.Em nosso meio há raros estudos que verifiquem quais as causas mais prevalentes de demência pré-senil. Avaliamos retrospectivamente os prontuários de pacientes com início precoce de alterações cognitivas, ambulatório de Neurologia da Cognição do Hospital Santa Marcelina. Entre os 141 sujeitos (61% de homens não houve diferença quanto às idades de início e à primeira consulta e escolaridade entre os sexos. Observamos aumento no número de demência após os 50 anos. A causa mais freqüente foi vascular (36,9%, seguida por doença de Alzheimer (20,3% e secundária a trauma cranio encefálico (9,2%. Houve diferença entre os tipos de demência quanto à idade na primeira consulta e idade de início, escolaridade e duração do quadro. Ao contrário de outros estudos o diagnóstico mais freqüente foi demência vascular. Novos estudos em nosso meio deverão ser realizados para avaliar este achado nas demências de início precoce.

Professor Paul Crutzen, the winner of the Nobel prize: The discovery of the ozone hole - knowledge and vision; Nobelpreistraeger Prof. Paul Crutzen: Entdeckung des Ozonlochs - Wissen und Vision

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crutzen, P.; Dellert-Ritter, M.

1997-02-01

On 10 December 1995, Professor Crutzen was awarded the Nobel prize for his epoch-making achievements in the field of atmospheric chemistry. This award underlines also Professor Crutzen`s commitment to the protection of the atmosphere. The atmospheric researcher discovered how sensitively the ozone layer reacts to air pollution. His work, together with that of others, led to the ban on ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons. As early as in 1970, Professor Crutzen demonstrated that nitrogen oxides react catalytically with ozone. His think tank provided numerous stimuli for further, intense research on atmospheric chemistry, which triggered a debate on the protection of the thinning ozone layer also among politicians. (orig.) [Deutsch] Am 10. Dezember 1995 wurde Prof. Crutzen fuer seine bahnbrechenden Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Atmosphaerenchemie mit dem Nobelpreis geehrt. Diese Anerkennung unterstreicht auch das Engagement von Prof. Crutzen zum Schutz der Ozonschicht. Der Atmosphaerenforscher Prof. Crutzen entdeckte, wie empfindlich die Ozonschicht auf Luftverunreinigungen reagiert. Seine Arbeiten fuehrten mit zum Verbot der ozonvernichtenden Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe. Bereits 1970 wies Prof. Crutzen nach, dass Stickstoffoxide katalytisch mit Ozon reagieren. Aus der Ideenfabrik von Prof. Crutzen kamen zahlreiche Anregungen fuer weitere intensive Forschungen zur Chemie der Atmosphaere, die auch unter Politikern eine Debatte ueber den Schutz der hauchduennen Ozonschicht ausloeste. (orig.)

Testing and modification of a simple flow turbine; Messtechnische Untersuchung und Modifikation einer einfachen Durchstroemturbine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gentner, C. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Stroemungsmechanik und Hydraulische Stroemungsmaschinen; Fischer, G. [SKAT, St. Gallen (Switzerland)

1997-12-31

A study conducted at the IHS had the aim to obtain basic information on whether it is possible to build flow turbines following the free jet principle that are on a par with, or superior to, the conventional design, especially in terms of performance and the efficiency curve. Several inflow contours with a ventilated free jet and a conventional flow turbine were studied. The direct comparison of these variants revealed a slightly enhanced peak load efficiency and a very distinct superiority of the free jet contour during partial load. But the efficiency of all variants failed to attain the values claimed by commercial manufacturers. As compared to the initial contour, peak load efficiency was enhanced by 5 per cent. During partial load, the variants studied showed a distinct superiority of the free jet concept over the contour of conventional flow turbines. (orig.) [Deutsch] Am IHS wurde eine Untersuchung mit dem Ziel durchgefuehrt, grundlegende Aussagen zu gewinnen, ob Durchstroemturbinen mit dem Freistrahlprinzip gebaut werden koennen, die dem konventionellen Design, vor allem in bezug auf Leistungsausbeute und Wirkungsgradverlauf, gleichwertig oder ueberlegen sind. Es wurden mehrere Anstroemkonturen mit belueftetem Freistrahl und einer konventionellen Durchstroemturbine untersucht. Der direkte Vergleich der am Institut untersuchten Varianten ergab bei etwas hoeherem Spitzenwirkungsgrad sehr deutliche Vorteile der Freistrahlkontur im Teillastbereich. Das Wirkungsgradniveau aller Varianten lag jedoch unter den Werten, die von kommerziellen Herstellern veroeffentlicht werden. Gegenueber der Ausgangskontur wurde im Spitzenwirkungsgrad eine Verbesserung von 5% erreicht. Im Teillastbereich ergibt sich fuer die hier untersuchten Varianten eine deutliche Ueberlegenheit der Freistrahlkonzeption ueber die Kontur konventioneller Durchstroemturbinen. (orig.)

Cerebellar volume in patients with dementia Volume cerebelar em pacientes com demência

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Baldaçara

2011-01-01

Mental e do Questionário de Atividades Funcionais. Os sujeitos foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com a Escala de Gravidade da Demência. Vinte e seis indivíduos do grupo original que não tinham o diagnóstico de demência no início do estudo foram reavaliados após dois anos para detectar o desenvolvimento da doença. RESULTADOS: Os volumes dos hemisférios cerebelares, lobo cerebelar posterior, vermis e lobo temporal estavam diminuídos proporcionalmente à gravidade da doença. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre o Questionário de Atividades Funcionais, Mini Exame do Estado Mental e seus respectivos subtestes para linguagem e atenção com os volumes do lobo temporal e cerebelar. A análise de regressão logística demonstrou que o volume reduzido do lobo temporal, lobo cerebelar posterior e vermis pode ser um fator de risco para o futuro desenvolvimento de demência. CONCLUSÃO: Este é o primeiro estudo que demonstrou que o volume do cerebelo pode estar reduzido na fase pré-demência e reforça o papel dessa estrutura na progressão da doença de Alzheimer. Considerando que o cerebelo pode não estar diretamente associado com a origem da doença de Alzheimer, este achado tem valor para o prognóstico.

Cerebellar volume in patients with dementia Volume cerebelar em pacientes com demência

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Baldaçara

2011-06-01

Mental e do Questionário de Atividades Funcionais. Os sujeitos foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com a Escala de Gravidade da Demência. Vinte e seis indivíduos do grupo original que não tinham o diagnóstico de demência no início do estudo foram reavaliados após dois anos para detectar o desenvolvimento da doença. RESULTADOS: Os volumes dos hemisférios cerebelares, lobo cerebelar posterior, vermis e lobo temporal estavam diminuídos proporcionalmente à gravidade da doença. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre o Questionário de Atividades Funcionais, Mini Exame do Estado Mental e seus respectivos subtestes para linguagem e atenção com os volumes dos lobos temporal e cerebelar. A análise de regressão logística demonstrou que o volume reduzido do lobo temporal, lobo cerebelar posterior e vermis pode ser um fator de risco para o futuro desenvolvimento de demência. CONCLUSÃO: Este é o primeiro estudo que demonstrou que o volume do cerebelo pode estar reduzido na fase pré-demência e reforça o papel dessa estrutura na progressão da doença de Alzheimer. Considerando que o cerebelo pode não estar diretamente associado com a origem da doença de Alzheimer, este achado tem valor para o prognóstico.

Generation of large-scale forest height and disturbance maps through the fusion of NISAR and GEDI along with TanDEM-X/L

Science.gov (United States)

Lei, Y.; Treuhaft, R. N.; Siqueira, P.; Torbick, N.; Lucas, R.; Keller, M. M.; Schmidt, M.; Ducey, M. J.; Salas, W.

2017-12-01

Large-scale products of forest height and disturbance are essential for understanding the global carbon distribution as well as its changes in response to natural events and human activities. Regarding this scientific need, both NASA's GEDI and NASA-ISRO's NISAR are going to be launched in the 2018-2021 timeframe in parallel with DLR's current TanDEM-X and/or the proposed TanDEM-L, which provides a lot of potential for global ecosystem mapping. A new simple and efficient method of forest height mapping has been developed for combining spaceborne repeat-pass InSAR and lidar missions (e.g. NISAR and GEDI) which estimates temporal decorrelation parameters of repeat-pass InSAR and uses the lidar data as training samples. An open-access Python-based software has been developed for automated processing. As a result, a mosaic of forest height was generated for US states of Maine and New Hampshire (11.6 million ha) using JAXA's ALOS-1 and ALOS-2 HV-pol InSAR data and a small piece of lidar training samples (44,000 ha) with the height estimates validated against airborne lidar and field inventory data over both flat and mountainous areas. In addition, through estimating and correcting for the temporal decorrelation effects in the spaceborne repeat-pass InSAR coherence data and also utilizing the spaceborne single-pass InSAR phase data, forest disturbance such as selective logging is not only detected but also quantified in subtropical forests of Australia using ALOS-1 HH-pol InSAR data (validated against NASA's Landsat), as well as in tropics of Brazil using TanDEM-X and ALOS-2 HH-pol InSAR data (validated against field inventory data). The operational simplicity and efficiency make these methods a potential observing/processing prototype for the fusion of NISAR, GEDI and TanDEM-X/L.

Recent Elevation Changes on Bagley Ice Valley, Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers, Alaska, from ICESat Altimetry, Star-3i Airborne, and SRTM Spaceborne DEMs

Science.gov (United States)

Muskett, R. R.; Sauber, J. M.; Lingle, C. S.; Rabus, B. T.; Tangborn, W. V.; Echelmeyer, K. A.

2005-12-01

Three- to 5-year surface elevation changes on Bagley Ice Valley, Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers, in the eastern Chugach and St. Elias Mtns of south-central Alaska, are estimated using ICESat-derived data and digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. The surface elevations of these glaciers are influenced by climatic warming superimposed on surge dynamics (in the case of Bagley Ice Valley) and tidewater glacier dynamics (in the cases of Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers) in this coastal high-precipitation regime. Bagley Ice Valley / Bering Glacier last surged in 1993-95. Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers, as well as the nearby Tyndell Glacier, have experienced massive tidewater retreat during the past century, as well as during recent decades. The ICESat-derived elevation data we employ were acquired in early autumn in both 2003 and 2004. The NASA/NIMA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM that we employ was derived from X-band InSAR data acquired during this 11-22 Feb. 2000 mission and processed by the German Aerospace Center. This DEM was corrected for estimated systematic error, and a mass balance model was employed to account for seasonal snow accumulation. The Star-3i airborne, X-band, InSAR-derived DEM that we employ was acquired 4-13 Sept. 2000 by Intermap Technologies, Inc., and was also processed by them. The ICESat-derived profiles crossing Bagley Ice Valley, differenced with Star-3i DEM elevations, indicate preliminary mean along-profile elevation increases of 5.6 ± 3.4 m at 1315 m altitude, 7.4 ± 2.7 m at 1448 m altitude, 4.7 ± 1.9 m at 1557 m altitude, 1.3 ± 1.4 m at 1774 m altitude, and 2.5 ± 1.5 m at 1781 m altitude. This is qualitatively consistent with the rising surface on Bagley Ice Valley observed by Muskett et al. [2003]. The ICESat-derived profiles crossing Yahtse Glacier, differenced with the SRTM DEM elevations, indicate preliminary mean elevation changes (negative implies decrease) of -0.9 ± 3

Accurate Determination of Glacier Surface Velocity Fields with a DEM-Assisted Pixel-Tracking Technique from SAR Imagery

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Shiyong Yan

2015-08-01

Full Text Available We obtained accurate, detailed motion distribution of glaciers in Central Asia by applying digital elevation model (DEM assisted pixel-tracking method to L-band synthetic aperture radar imagery. The paper firstly introduces and analyzes each component of the offset field briefly, and then describes the method used to efficiently and precisely compensate the topography-related offset caused by the large spatial baseline and rugged terrain with the help of DEM. The results indicate that the rugged topography not only forms the complex shapes of glaciers, but also affects the glacier velocity estimation, especially with large spatial baseline. The maximum velocity, 0.85 m∙d−1, was observed in the middle part on the Fedchenko Glacier, which is the world’s longest mountain glacier. The motion fluctuation on its main trunk is apparently influenced by mass flowing in from tributaries, as well as angles between tributaries and the main stream. The approach presented in this paper was proved to be highly appropriate for monitoring glacier motion and will provide valuable sensitive indicators of current and future climate change for environmental analysis.

Numerical Investigation of Simultaneously Deposition and Re-Entrainment Fouling Processes in Corrugated Tubes by Coupling CFD and DEM

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hærvig, Jakob; Condra, Thomas Joseph; Sørensen, Kim

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM is coupled to the Discrete Element Method (DEM) software LIGGGHTS using the coupling software CFDEM. A four-way coupling is used to model fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions and thereby allowing for a particle fouling layer to build up along...

Characteristics of patients assisted at an ambulatory of dementia from a university hospital Perfil dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de demência de um hospital universitário

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lyssandra dos Santos Tascone

2008-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To present socio-demographic characteristics, mean scores of tests and scales applied to patients with dementia and discuss the relationship between test scores, clinical diagnoses and the severity of dementia. METHOD: Patients (n=113 were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria, and the diagnostic work-up included physical and neurological examination, auxiliary exams, cognitive and functional tests, and the evaluation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: Mean age was 74.0 years. Alzheimer's disease (AD was diagnosed in 62.8% of the patients, AD and vascular dementia in 8.8%, other dementias in 14.2%, and mild cognitive impairment in 2.7%. At least one neuropsychiatric symptom was diagnosed in 96.9% of the sample. There were significant differences on cognitive and functional performance between the groups classified according to dementia severity. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychiatric symptoms were quite common in patients with dementia, being more frequent as severity increased, and those symptoms were associated with functional impairment in the patients.OBJETIVO: Apresentar características demográficas, escores médios de testes e escalas aplicadas aos pacientes com demência e discutir a relação dos escores dos testes com os diagnósticos clínicos e a gravidade da demência. MÉTODO: Pacientes (n=113 foram diagnosticados segundo os critérios para demência do DSM-IV, avaliados com história clínica, exame físico, exames complementares e aplicação de testes cognitivos, funcionais e neuropsiquiátricos. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi 74,0 anos. A doença de Alzheimer (DA foi diagnosticada em 62,8% dos casos, DA e demência vascular em 8,8%, outras demências em 14,2%, e comprometimento cognitivo leve em 2,7%, Ao menos um sintoma neuropsiquiátrico foi diagnosticado em 96,9% da amostra. Houve diferenças significativas nos escores dos testes cognitivos e escalas funcionais entre os grupos classificados segundo a gravidade de

Design of a modular cogeneration plant to supply residential buildings; Dimensionierung eines Blockheizkraftwerkes zur Versorgung einer Wohnsiedlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marquardt, R.

2000-03-01

Excel tables are presented for fast integral calculation of all energetic and monetary parameters required for calculating the economic efficiency of a cogeneration plant. The Excel programming is more detailed than the method of calculation specified in VDI 2067 in that it also provides potential energy savings,carbon dioxide reduction and exergetic calculations. Influencing parameters like technical data, energy consumption data, fuel properties, and the cost structure of electricity and heat supply can be freely chosen so as to enable maximum parameter variation and an analysis of their influence on the result. [German] Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Instrument in Form von Excel-Tabellen erstellt, das eine schnelle integrale Berechnung aller energetischen und monetaeren Ergebnisgroessen ermoeglicht, die beim Einsatz eines BHKW zur Versorgung einer Bedarfsstruktur im Vergleich zu einer konventionellen getrennten Energiebereitstellung von Interesse sind. Die Excel-Programmierung geht dabei ueber die Abbildung des in der VDI 2067 beschriebenen Berechnungsverfahrens hinaus und liefert neben der Berechnung der Waermebereitstellungskosten auch die Ermittlung von Energieeinspar-, CO{sub 2}-Minderungspotentialen sowie eine exergetische Betrachtung der Ergebnisse. Alle auf das Ergebnis einwirkende Parameter wie technische Anlagendaten, Energiebedarfswerte, Brennstoffeigenschaften, Kostenstruktur der Elektrizitaets- und Waermeversorgung u.a. sind prinzipiell frei waehlbar. So wurde sichergestellt, dass eine Variation verschiedener Parameter moeglich ist und deren Einfluss auf das Ergebnis analysiert werden kann. (orig.)

Diagnose und Therapie einer Depression im höheren Lebensalter – Einflüsse von Patienten- und Arztmerkmalen

Science.gov (United States)

von dem Knesebeck, Olaf; Bönte, Markus; Siegrist, Johannes; Marceau, Lisa; Link, Carol; McKinlay, John

2013-01-01

Zusammenfassung Studienergebnissee aus dem englischsprachigen Raum zeigen, dass diagnostische und therapeutische Entscheidungen von Hausärzten bei der Versorgung von depressiven Patienten systematischen Einflüssen unterliegen, und dass sowohl Merkmale des Arztes als auch des Patienten unabhängig vom Krankheitsbild Einfluss auf diese Entscheidungen haben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ergebnisse einer deutschen Studie präsentiert, in der die Einflüsse von Patienten- und Arztmerkmalen auf diagnostische und therapeutische ärztliche Entscheidungen bei einer Depression untersucht wurden. Unter Anwendung eines faktoriellen Experimentaldesigns spielten professionelle Schauspieler in Videofilmen die Rolle von Patienten, die Symptome für eine depressive Erkrankung äußern. In den Videofilmen, die alle auf einem identischen Skript basieren, wurden systematisch die Patientenmerkmale Alter (55 vs. 75 Jahre), Geschlecht und sozialer Status (Hausmeister vs. Lehrer) variiert. Die randomisierte Ärztestichprobe wurde nach dem Arztgeschlecht und professioneller Erfahrung ( 15 Jahre) geschichtet. Der Videofilm wurde insgesamt 128 niedergelassenen Ärzten für Allgemeinmedizin und hausärztlich tätigen Internisten in ihrer Praxis vorgespielt. Danach wurden die Ärzte zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten von Diagnose und Therapie befragt. Es wurde erhoben, ob der Arzt dem Patienten über das gezeigte Gespräch hinausgehende Fragen stellen würde, welche Diagnosen er für wahrscheinlich hält, wie sicher er sich mit seiner Diagnose ist, welche diagnostischen Tests er anordnen würde, ob er den Patienten überweisen würde oder ob er Medikamente verordnen oder ihm Empfehlungen zur Änderung seines Lebensstils geben würde. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sowohl die Diagnose als auch die Therapie einer Depression durch niedergelassene Hausärzte in Deutschland nur geringfügig durch die untersuchten Merkmale der Patienten und der behandelnden Ärzte beeinflusst wird. PMID

EL CRITERIO DE INTERPRETACIÓN DEL PRINCIPIO NON BIS IN ÍDEM PREVISTO EN EL ARTÍCULO 45.3 DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN ESPAÑOLA

OpenAIRE

María Lourdes,Ramírez Torrado

2010-01-01

Respecto a la lectura constitucional del principio se propone una interpretación complementaria y diversa a la hasta ahora presentada por la doctrina constitucional y científica que insisten en derivar el sustento constitucional del postulado non bis in ídem del artículo 25. Desconociendo lo anterior, una disposición constitucional que prevé tácitamente el non bis in ídem al establecer un criterio para determinar cuál es la sanción o el procedimiento a imponer sin quebrantar la prohibición bi...

Planning of speed profiles for vehicles with automatic drive; Planung von Geschwindigkeitsprofilen fuer automatisch gefuehrte Fahrzeuge

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bauer, O.

2005-07-01

Based upon the calculation of US authorities 97% of all accidents are caused by mistakes of the driver. Due to this fact one of the major focuses of research activities of the automobile industry was put on the development of new assistance systems for the driver. These technologies indicate potential risks to the driver and support him with decisions in terms of the actual driving behaviour in dangerous situations. This work presents a new system that provides prospective information in real time about the course of the road lying ahead of the vehicle. Based on this data the driver's assistance system will provide a prognosis on the force working on the vehicle and then propose a suitable speed strategy that guarantees a safe drive at any time (orig.) [German] Nach Berechnungen von US Behoerden sind 97% aller Unfaelle auf Fehlverhalten seitens des Fahrers zurueckzufuehren. Angesichts dieser Tatsache lag in den letzten Jahren einer der wesentlichen Schwerpunkte der Forschungsaktivitaeten der Automobilindustrie in der Entwicklung neuer Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Diese Technologien weisen den Fahrer auf potentielle Gefahren hin und unterstuetzen ihn bei der Entscheidung hinsichtlich des aktuellen Fahrverhaltens in gefaehrlichen Situationen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein neuartiges Verfahren vorgestellt, welches vorausschauend Informationen ueber den vor dem Fahrzeug zu erwartenden Fahrbahnverlauf in Echtzeit bereitstellt. Basierend auf diesen Daten wird vom Fahrerassistenzsystem eine Prognose ueber die auf das Fahrzeug wirkende Kraft erstellt und anschliessend eine geeignete Geschwindigkeitsstrategie vorgeschlagen, die ein sicheres Durchfahren der Kurve zu jedem Zeitpunkt gewaehrleistet. (orig.)

Radioactivity measurements in the vicinity of the mine waste heap at Crossen and radiation dose assessment; Radioaktivitaetsmessungen in der Umgebung der Bergehalde Crossen und Abschaetzung der Strahlenexposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kulzer, R.

1998-09-01

The radiation dose to the population living in the vicinity of the mine waste heap is assessed. The measurements carried out were to verify the dose relevance of ambient radioactivity on site, in particular the ingestion and inhalation pathways and the external exposure pathways. The nuclide Pb-210 was used as an indicator because of its large dose factor for assessment of ingestion and its airborne dispersion as an Rn-222 daughter product. The waste heap material releases large quantities of this nuclide. Ingestion of radioactivity from the waste heap may be caused by wind-borne erosion and activity deposition on plants in the area. Thererfore, the specific activities of Pb-210 and Ra-226 have been measured in soil and plant specimens sampled at various distances from the waste heap. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Die Strahlenexposition der in der Naehe einer Bergehalde lebenden Bevoelkerung wird bestimmt. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Messungen realisiert, die den Ingestions- und Inhalationspfad sowie die externe Exposition fuer die vorgefundene Situation auf ihre Dosisrelevanz ueberpruefen sollten. Hierzu diente das Nuklid Pb-210 mit seinem grossen Dosisfaktor fuer die Ingestion und seiner besonderen Verbreitungsmoeglichkeit ueber die Luft als Tochter von Rn-222. Dieses wird aus dem Haldenmaterial in grossen Mengen freigesetzt. Haldenmaterial kann ueber den Ingestionspfad in den menschlichen Koerper aufgenommen werden, wenn es durch Winderosion auf Pflanzenoberflaechen in der Umgebung abgelagert wird.Deshalb wurden die spezifischen Aktivitaeten an Pb-210 und Ra-226 von Boden- und Pflanzenproben in verschiedenen Entfernungen zur Halde bestimmt.

Erinnerungen. Aus dem Feldzuge der Franzosen in Russland unter Napoleon im Jahre 1812, von einem preußischen Bombardier, dem jetzigen Major Weinberger. Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript (1849), herausgegeben von Peter-Michael Berger

OpenAIRE

Weinberger, Friedrich Ludwig

2012-01-01

Friedrich Ludwig Weinberger (1794–1869) diente im Juni 1812 als Freiwilliger bei der Königsberger Garnisonsartillerie. Diese 400 Soldaten wurden von Napoleon in die Garde seiner Grande Armée zur Invasion Russlands zwangsweise eingegliedert. Als einer von nur 13 Überlebenden seiner Truppe kehrte Weinberger im März 1813 aus russischem Gewahrsam zurück. Über seine Erlebnisse beim Vormarsch, den Kämpfen, der Besetzung Moskaus, dem Rückzug und der Heimkehr verfasste er einen Bericht, den er m...

The Multi-Instrument (EVE-RHESSI) DEM for Solar Flares, and Implications for Residual Non-Thermal Soft X-Ray Emission

Science.gov (United States)

McTiernan, James M.; Caspi, Amir; Warren, Harry

2015-04-01

In the soft X-ray energy range, solar flare spectra are typically dominated by thermal emission. The low energy extent of non-thermal emission can only be loosely quantified using currently available X-ray data. To address this issue, we combine observations from the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) with X-ray data from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The improvement over the isothermal approximation is intended to resolve the ambiguity in the range where the thermal and non-thermal components may have similar photon fluxes. This "crossover" range can extend up to 30 keV for medium to large solar flares.Previous work (Caspi et.al. 2014ApJ...788L..31C) has concentrated on obtaining DEM models that fit both instruments' observations well. Now we are interested in any breaks and cutoffs in the "residual" non-thermal spectrum; i.e., the RHESSI spectrum that is left over after the DEM has accounted for the bulk of the soft X-ray emission. Thermal emission is again modeled using a DEM that is parametrized as multiple gaussians in temperature; the non-thermal emission is modeled as a photon spectrum obtained using a thin-target emission model ('thin2' from the SolarSoft Xray IDL package). Spectra for both instruments are fit simultaneously in a self-consistent manner. The results for non-thermal parameters then are compared with those found using RHESSI data alone, with isothermal and double-thermal models.

Aplicação da versão brasileira da escala de avaliação clínica da demência (Clinical Dementia Rating - CDR em amostras de pacientes com demência Application of the Brazilian version of the CDR scale in samples of dementia patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Luiz Grigoli Maia

2006-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concordância da escala CDR com critérios diagnósticos e mini exame do estado mental (MEEM, e correlação com escala de Blessed, numa amostra de pacientes do sul do Brasil. MÉTODO: A escala foi avaliada em 269 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA, demência vascular e demência questionável num desenho transversal. Os critérios do NINCDS-ADRDA para provável DA e NINDS-AIREN para provável demência vascular foram os padrões-ouro. O MEEM, a escala Blessed para gravidade da demência, o escore isquêmico de Hachinski, e uma bateria de testes cognitivos também foram aplicados. RESULTADOS: A concordância com o padrão-ouro foi boa (kappa=0,73, e com o MEEM em categorias foi moderada (kappa= 0,53. Observou-se correlação significativa da escala CDR com Blessed (r=0,96; p=0,001. Não se observou diferença de escolaridade ou de idade entre as categorias da escala CDR. CONCLUSÃO: A concordância da CDR foi boa para os critérios diagnósticos e moderada para o MEEM. A escala mostrou validade de construto para gravidade de demência. Não se observou impacto da escolaridade sobre este instrumento.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was the analysis of agreement between the CDR scale with diagnostic criteria and mini mental state examination (MMSE, as well as correlation with Blessed scale, in a sample of Southern Brazilian patients. METHOD: The CDR scale was cross-sectionaly evaluated in 269 dementia patients Alzheimer’s disease (AD vascular dementia, and questionable. The NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD and the NINDS-AIREN for probable vascular dementia were the gold standard. The MMSE, the Blessed scale, the Hachinski ischemic score, and a battery of cognitive tests were also applied. RESULTS: The agreement to gold standard was good (kappa=0.73, while to MMSE categorized was moderate (kappa=0.53. A significant correlation with the Blessed scale (r=0.96; p=0.001 was observed. Education and age were similar