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Sample records for type iia supergravity

Massive type IIA supergravity and E10

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henneaux, M.; Kleinschmidt, A.; Persson, D.; Jamsin, E.

2009-01-01

In this talk we investigate the symmetry under E 10 of Romans' massive type IIA supergravity. We show that the dynamics of a spinning particle in a non-linear sigma model on the coset space E 10 /K(E 10 ) reproduces the bosonic and fermionic dynamics of massive IIA supergravity, in the standard truncation. In particular, we identify Romans' mass with a generator of E 10 that is beyond the realm of the generators of E 10 considered in the eleven-dimensional analysis, but using the same, underformed sigma model. As a consequence, this work provides a dynamical unification of the massless and massive versions of type IIA supergravity inside E 10 . (Abstract Copyright [2009], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Compactifications of IIA supergravity on SU(2)-structure manifolds

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Spanjaard, B.

2008-07-15

In this thesis, we study compactifications of type IIA supergravity on six-dimensional manifolds with an SU(2)-structure. A general study of six-dimensional manifolds with SU(2)-structure shows that IIA supergravity compactified on such a manifold should yield a four-dimensional gauged N=4 supergravity. We explicitly derive the bosonic spectrum, gauge transformations and action for IIA supergravity compactified on two different manifolds with SU(2)-structure, one of which also has an H{sup (3)}{sub 10}-flux, and confirm that the resulting four-dimensional theories are indeed N=4 gauged supergravities. In the second chapter, we study an explicit construction of a set of SU(2)-structure manifolds. This construction involves a Scherk-Schwarz duality twist reduction of the half-maximal six-dimensional supergravity obtained by compactifying IIA supergravity on a K3. This reduction results in a gauged N=4 four-dimensional supergravity, where the gaugings can be divided into three classes of parameters. We relate two of the classes to parameters we found before, and argue that the third class of parameters could be interpreted as a mirror flux. (orig.)
10D massive type IIA supergravities as the uplift of parabolic M2-brane torus bundles

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Garcia del Moral, Maria Pilar [Universidad de Antofagasta (Chile). Dept. de Fisica; Restuccia, Alvaro [Universidad de Antofagasta (Chile). Dept. de Fisica; Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of). Dept. de Fisica

2016-04-15

We remark that the two 10D massive deformations of the N = 2 maximal type IIA supergravity (Romans and HLW supergravity) are associated to the low energy limit of the uplift to 10D of M2-brane torus bundles with parabolic monodromy linearly and non-linearly realized respectively. Romans supergravity corresponds to M2-brane compactified on a twice-punctured torus bundle. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deformed N = 8 supergravity from IIA strings and its Chern-Simons duals

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Guarino, Adolfo [Nikhef Theory Group, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Jafferis, Daniel L. [Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (United States); Varela, Oscar [Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (United States); Centre de Physique Theorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7644, Palaiseau (France)

2016-04-15

Do electric/magnetic deformations of N = 8 supergravity enjoy a string/M-theory origin, or are they just a fourdimensional artefact? We address this question for the gauging of a group closely related to SO(8): its contraction ISO(7). We argue that the deformed ISO(7) supergravity arises from consistent truncation of massive IIA supergravity on S{sup 6}, and its electric/magnetic deformation parameter descends directly from the Romans mass. The critical points of the supergravity uplift to AdS{sub 4} massive type IIA vacua and the corresponding CFT{sub 3} duals are identified as super-Chern-Simons-matter theories with gauge group SU(N) and level k given also by the Romans mass. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Attractor horizons in six-dimensional type IIB supergravity

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Astefanesei, Dumitru, E-mail: dumitru.astefanesei@ucv.cl [Instituto de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Casilla 4059, Valparaiso (Chile); Miskovic, Olivera, E-mail: olivera.miskovic@ucv.cl [Instituto de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Casilla 4059, Valparaiso (Chile); Olea, Rodrigo, E-mail: rodrigo.olea@unab.cl [Universidad Andres Bello, Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Republica 220, Santiago (Chile)

2012-08-14

We consider near horizon geometries of extremal black holes in six-dimensional type IIB supergravity. In particular, we use the entropy function formalism to compute the charges and thermodynamic entropy of these solutions. We also comment on the role of attractor mechanism in understanding the entropy of the Hopf T-dual solutions in type IIA supergravity.
Hypermultiplet gaugings and supersymmetric solutions from 11D and massive IIA supergravity on H^{(p,q)} spaces

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Guarino, Adolfo

2018-03-01

Supersymmetric {AdS}4, {AdS}2 × Σ 2 and asymptotically AdS4 black hole solutions are studied in the context of non-minimal N=2 supergravity models involving three vector multiplets (STU-model) and Abelian gaugings of the universal hypermultiplet moduli space. Such models correspond to consistent subsectors of the {SO}(p,q) and {ISO}(p,q) gauged maximal supergravities that arise from the reduction of 11D and massive IIA supergravity on {H}^{(p,q)} spaces down to four dimensions. A unified description of all the models is provided in terms of a square-root prepotential and the gauging of a duality-hidden symmetry pair of the universal hypermultiplet. Some aspects of M-theory and massive IIA holography are mentioned in passing.
Type IIA orientifolds on SU(2)-structure manifolds

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Danckaert, Thomas

2010-11-15

We investigate the possible supersymmetry-preserving orientifold projections of type IIA string theory on a six-dimensional background with SU(2)-structure. We find two categories of projections which preserve half of the low-energy supersymmetry, reducing the effective theory from an N=4 supergravity theory, to an N=2 supergravity. For these two cases, we impose the projection on the low-energy spectrum and reduce the effective N=4 supergravity action accordingly. We can identify the resulting gauged N=2 supergravity theory and bring the action into canonical form. We compute the scalar moduli spaces and characterize the gauged symmetries in terms of the geometry of these moduli spaces. Due to their origin in N=4 supergravity, which is a highly constrained theory, the moduli spaces are of a very simple form. We find that, for suitable background manifolds, isometries in all scalar sectors can become gauged. The obtained gaugings share many features with those of N=2 supergravities obtained previously from other G-structure compactifications. (orig.)
Superdualities, brane tensions and massive IIA/IIB duality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lavrinenko, I.V.; Lue, H.; Pope, C.N.; Stelle, K.S.

1999-01-01

The gauge transformations of p-form fields in supergravity theories acquire a non-commuting character when one introduces potentials both for the theory's original field strengths and for their duals. This has previously been shown in the 'doubled' formalism for maximal supergravities, where a generalised duality relation between original and dual field strengths replaces the equations of motion. In the doubled formalism, the gauge transformations generate a superalgebra, and the corresponding symmetries have accordingly been called 'superdualities'. The corresponding Noether charges form a representation of the cohomology ring on the space-time manifold. In this paper, we show that the gauge symmetry superalgebra implies certain non-trivial relations among the various p-brane tensions, which can straightforwardly be read off from the superalgebra commutation relations. This provides an elegant derivation of the brane-tension relations purely within a given theory, without the need to make use of duality relations between different theories, such as the type IIA/IIB T-duality, although the results are consistent with such dualities. We present the complete set of brane-tension relations in M-theory, in the type IIA and type IIB theories, and in all the lower-dimensional maximal supergravities. We also construct a doubled formalism for massive type IIA supergravity, and this enables us to obtain the brane-tension relations involving the D8-brane, purely within the framework of the massive IIA theory. We also obtain explicit transformations for the nine-dimensional T-duality between the massive type IIA theory and the Scherk-Schwarz reduced type IIB theory
de Sitter space from dilatino condensates in massive IIA supergravity

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Souères, Bertrand; Tsimpis, Dimitrios

2018-02-01

We use the superspace formulation of (massive) IIA supergravity to obtain the explicit form of the dilatino terms, and we find that the quartic-dilatino term is positive. The theory admits a ten-dimensional de Sitter solution, obtained by assuming a nonvanishing quartic-dilatino condensate which generates a positive cosmological constant. Moreover, in the presence of dilatino condensates, the theory admits formal four-dimensional de Sitter solutions of the form d S4×M6, where M6 is a six-dimensional Kähler-Einstein manifold of positive scalar curvature.
Generalized IIB supergravity from exceptional field theory

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Baguet, Arnaud; Magro, Marc; Samtleben, Henning [Laboratoire de Physique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, CNRS,F-69342 Lyon (France)

2017-03-20

The background underlying the η-deformed AdS{sub 5}×S{sup 5} sigma-model is known to satisfy a generalization of the IIB supergravity equations. Their solutions are related by T-duality to solutions of type IIA supergravity with non-isometric linear dilaton. We show how the generalized IIB supergravity equations can be naturally obtained from exceptional field theory. Within this manifestly duality covariant formulation of maximal supergravity, the generalized IIB supergravity equations emerge upon imposing on the fields a simple Scherk-Schwarz ansatz which respects the section constraint.
Massive deformations of Type IIA theory within double field theory

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Çatal-Özer, Aybike

2018-02-01

We obtain massive deformations of Type IIA supergravity theory through duality twisted reductions of Double Field Theory (DFT) of massless Type II strings. The mass deformation is induced through the reduction of the DFT of the RR sector. Such reductions are determined by a twist element belonging to Spin+(10, 10), which is the duality group of the DFT of the RR sector. We determine the form of the twists and give particular examples of twists matrices, for which a massive deformation of Type IIA theory can be obtained. In one of the cases, requirement of gauge invariance of the RR sector implies that the dilaton field must pick up a linear dependence on one of the dual coordinates. In another case, the choice of the twist matrix violates the weak and the strong constraints explicitly in the internal doubled space.
Type IIA on a compact Calabi-Yau and D=11 supergravity uplift of its orientifold

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Misra, A.

2004-01-01

Using the prescription of K. Hori and C. Vafa for defining period integrals in the Landau-Ginsburg theory for compact Calabi-Yau's, we obtain the Picard-Fuchs equation and the Meijer basis of solutions for the compact Calabi-Yau CY 3 (3,243) expressed as a degree-24 Fermat hypersurface after resolution of the orbifold singularities. The importance of the method lies in the ease with which one can consider the large and small complex structure limits, as well as the ability to get the ''ln''-terms in the periods without having to parametrically differentiate infinite series. We consider in detail the evaluation of the monodromy matrix in the large and small complex structure limits. We also consider the action of the freely acting antiholomorphic involution on D=11 supergravity compactified on CY 3 (3,243) x S 1 and obtain the Kaehler potential for the same in the limit of large volume of the Calabi-Yau. As a by-product, we also give a conjecture for the action of the orientation-reversing antiholomorphic involution on the periods, given its action on the cohomology, using a canonical (co)homology basis. Finally, we also consider showing a null superpotential on the orientifold of type IIA on CY 3 (3,243), having taken care of the orbifold singularities. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Non-renormalisation conditions in type II string theory and maximal supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, Michael B.; Russo, Jorge G.; Vanhove, Pierre

2007-01-01

This paper considers general features of the derivative expansion of Feynman diagram contributions to the four-graviton scattering amplitude in eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on a two-torus. These are translated into statements about interactions of the form D 2k R 4 in type II superstring theories, assuming the standard M-theory/string theory duality relationships, which provide powerful constraints on the effective interactions. In the ten-dimensional IIA limit we find that there can be no perturbative contributions beyond k string loops (for k>0). Furthermore, the genus h = k contributions are determined exactly by the one-loop eleven-dimensional supergravity amplitude for all values of k. A plausible interpretation of these observations is that the sum of h-loop Feynman diagrams of maximally extended supergravity is less divergent than might be expected and could be ultraviolet finite in dimensions d<4+6/h - the same bound as for N = 4 Yang-Mills
Non-renormalisation conditions in type II string theory and maximal supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Michael B.; Russo, Jorge G.; Vanhove, Pierre

2007-02-01

This paper considers general features of the derivative expansion of Feynman diagram contributions to the four-graviton scattering amplitude in eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on a two-torus. These are translated into statements about interactions of the form D2kR4 in type II superstring theories, assuming the standard M-theory/string theory duality relationships, which provide powerful constraints on the effective interactions. In the ten-dimensional IIA limit we find that there can be no perturbative contributions beyond k string loops (for k>0). Furthermore, the genus h = k contributions are determined exactly by the one-loop eleven-dimensional supergravity amplitude for all values of k. A plausible interpretation of these observations is that the sum of h-loop Feynman diagrams of maximally extended supergravity is less divergent than might be expected and could be ultraviolet finite in dimensions d<4+6/h - the same bound as for N = 4 Yang-Mills.
Massive IIA string theory and Matrix theory compactification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lowe, David A.; Nastase, Horatiu; Ramgoolam, Sanjaye

2003-01-01

We propose a Matrix theory approach to Romans' massive Type IIA supergravity. It is obtained by applying the procedure of Matrix theory compactifications to Hull's proposal of the massive Type IIA string theory as M-theory on a twisted torus. The resulting Matrix theory is a super-Yang-Mills theory on large N three-branes with a space-dependent noncommutativity parameter, which is also independently derived by a T-duality approach. We give evidence showing that the energies of a class of physical excitations of the super-Yang-Mills theory show the correct symmetry expected from massive Type IIA string theory in a lightcone quantization
Audiological findings in Usher syndrome types IIa and II (non-IIa).

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Sadeghi, Mehdi; Cohn, Edward S; Kelly, William J; Kimberling, William J; Tranebjoerg, Lisbeth; Möller, Claes

2004-03-01

The aim was to define the natural history of hearing loss in Usher syndrome type IIa compared to non-IIa. People with Usher syndrome type II show moderate-to-severe hearing loss, normal balance and retinitis pigmentosa. Several genes cause Usher syndrome type II. Our subjects formed two genetic groups: (1) subjects with Usher syndrome type IIa with a mutation and/or linkage to the Usher IIa gene; (2) subjects with the Usher II phenotype with no mutation and/or linkage to the Usher IIa gene. Four hundred and two audiograms of 80 Usher IIa subjects were compared with 435 audiograms of 87 non-IIa subjects. Serial audiograms with intervals of > or = 5 years were examined for progression in 109 individuals Those with Usher syndrome type IIa had significantly worse hearing thresholds than those with non-IIa Usher syndrome after the second decade. The hearing loss in Usher syndrome type IIa was found to be more progressive, and the progression started earlier than in non-IIa Usher syndrome. This suggests an auditory phenotype for Usher syndrome type IIa that is different from that of other types of Usher syndrome II. Thus, this is to our knowledge one of the first studies showing a genotype-phenotype auditory correlation.
Moduli Potentials in Type IIA Compactifications with RR and NS Flux

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Kachru, S.

2004-12-01

We describe a simple class of type IIA string compactifications on Calabi-Yau manifolds where background fluxes generate a potential for the complex structure moduli, the dilaton, and the Kaehler moduli. This class of models corresponds to gauged {Nu} = 2 supergravities, and the potential is completely determined by a choice of gauging and by data of the {Nu} = 2 Calabi-Yau model--the prepotential for vector multiplets and the quaternionic metric on the hypermultiplet moduli space. Using mirror symmetry, one can determine many (though not all) of the quantum corrections which are relevant in these models.
Supergravity and superstrings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gell-Mann, M.

1985-01-01

The ''standard'' SU/sub 3/ x SU/sub 2/ x U/sub 1/ theory has three independent coupling constants and numerous dimensionless parameters determining mass ratios, the weak coupling matrix, etc. While N=1 supergravity, generalizing Einstein's gravity theory, is not necessarily very divergent itself, it is terribly divergent when coupled to external N=1 supermatter, such as N=1 super-Yang-Mills theory with N=1 supermultiplets of spin one-half and spin zero. Three paths are being explored in the search for the ultimate unified theory of physics. The first path involves N > 1 supergravity in four dimensions, without external supermatter, particularly the largest such theory, N=8 supergravity, where there is no room for external supermatter. The N=8 supergravity supermultiplet itself contains all the haplons (fundamental fields of the theory). During the last couple of years Michael Green and John Schwarz have found that there are two more 10-dimensional superstring theories IIA and IIB, with only closed strings. They reduce, on truncation to the initially massless actor, to N=2A and N=2B supergravity, respectively, in ten dimensions. But the superstring theories are finite to one loop instead of divergent like the corresponding supergravities. The author discusses that IIA and IIB superstrings, when truncated to the initially massless sector and trivially reduced to four dimensions, yield N=8 supergravity. All three superstring theories, although they have the traditional description as ''S-matrix'' theories on the mass shell, can also be written as field theories (with fields as functionals of strings instead of functions of points) with local couplings. So far, the field description is not covariant. This paper discusses various superstrings theories
N=1 domain wall solutions of massive type II supergravity as generalized geometries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Louis, J.

2006-05-01

We study N=1 domain wall solutions of type IIB supergravity compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold in the presence of RR and NS electric and magnetic fluxes. We show that the dynamics of the scalar fields along the direction transverse to the domain wall is described by gradient flow equations controlled by a superpotential W. We then provide a geometrical interpretation of the gradient flow equations in terms of the mirror symmetric compactification of type IIA. They correspond to a set of generalized Hitchin flow equations of a manifold with SU(3) x SU(3)structure which is fibered over the direction transverse to the domain wall. (Orig.)
Supersymmetric geometries of IIA supergravity III

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gran, Ulf; Papadopoulos, George; Schultz, Christian von

2016-01-01

We find that (massive) IIA backgrounds that admit a G 2 ⋉ℝ 8 invariant Killing spinor must exhibit a null Killing vector field which leaves the Killing spinor invariant and that the rotation of the Killing vector field satisfies a certain g 2 instanton condition. This result together with those in http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2014)024 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2015)113 complete the classification of geometries of all (massive) IIA backgrounds that preserve one supersymmetry. We also explore the geometry of a class of backgrounds which admit a G 2 ⋉ℝ 8 invariant Killing spinor and where in addition an appropriate 1-form bilinear vanishes. In all cases, we express the fluxes of the theory in terms of the geometry.

Computing the scalar field couplings in 6D supergravity

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Saidi, El Hassan

2008-11-01

Using non-chiral supersymmetry in 6D space-time, we compute the explicit expression of the metric the scalar manifold SO(1,1)×{SO(4,20)}/{SO(4)×SO(20)} of the ten-dimensional type IIA superstring on generic K3. We consider as well the scalar field self-couplings in the general case where the non-chiral 6D supergravity multiplet is coupled to generic n vector supermultiplets with moduli space SO(1,1)×{SO(4,n)}/{SO(4)×SO(n)}. We also work out a dictionary giving a correspondence between hyper-Kähler geometry and the Kähler geometry of the Coulomb branch of 10D type IIA on Calabi-Yau threefolds. Others features are also discussed.
Three-forms in supergravity and flux compactifications

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Farakos, Fotis; Lanza, Stefano; Martucci, Luca; Sorokin, Dmitri [Univ. degli Studi di Padova (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica e Astronomia ' ' Galileo Galilei' ' ; I.N.F.N., Sezione di Padova (Italy)

2017-09-15

We present a duality procedure that relates conventional four-dimensional matter-coupled N = 1 supergravities to dual formulations in which auxiliary fields are replaced by field strengths of gauge three-forms. The duality promotes specific coupling constants appearing in the superpotential to vacuum expectation values of the field strengths. We then apply this general duality to type IIA string compactifications on Calabi-Yau orientifolds with RR fluxes. This gives a new supersymmetric formulation of the corresponding effective four-dimensional theories which includes gauge three-forms. (orig.)
Forced fluid dynamics from blackfolds in general supergravity backgrounds

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Armas, Jay [Physique Théorique et Mathématique,Université Libre de Bruxelles and International Solvay Institutes,ULB-Campus Plaine CP231, B-1050 Brussels (Belgium); Gath, Jakob [Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique,CNRS UMR 7644, Université Paris-Saclay,F-91128 Palaiseau (France); Niarchos, Vasilis [Crete Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics,Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology,Department of Physics, University of Crete,Heraklion, 71303 (Greece); Obers, Niels A.; Pedersen, Andreas Vigand [The Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University,Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø (Denmark)

2016-10-27

We present a general treatment of the leading order dynamics of the collective modes of charged dilatonic p-brane solutions of (super)gravity theories in arbitrary backgrounds. To this end we employ the general strategy of the blackfold approach which is based on a long-wavelength derivative expansion around an exact or approximate solution of the (super)gravity equations of motion. The resulting collective mode equations are formulated as forced hydrodynamic equations on dynamically embedded hypersurfaces. We derive them in full generality (including all possible asymptotic fluxes and dilaton profiles) in a far-zone analysis of the (super)gravity equations and in representative examples in a near-zone analysis. An independent treatment based on the study of external couplings in hydrostatic partition functions is also presented. Special emphasis is given to the forced collective mode equations that arise in type IIA/B and eleven-dimensional supergravities, where besides the standard Lorentz force couplings our analysis reveals additional couplings to the background, including terms that arise from Chern-Simons interactions. We also present a general overview of the blackfold approach and some of the key conceptual issues that arise when applied to arbitrary backgrounds.
Starobinsky-type Inflation in Dynamical Supergravity Breaking Scenarios

CERN Document Server

Alexandre, Jean; Mavromatos, Nick E.

2014-01-27

In the context of dynamical breaking of local supersymmetry (supergravity), including the Deser-Zumino super-Higgs effect, for the simple but quite representative cases of N=1, D=4 supergravity, we discuss the emergence of Starobinsky-type inflation, due to quantum corrections in the effective action arising from integrating out gravitino fields in their massive phase. This type of inflation may occur after a first-stage small-field inflation that characterises models near the origin of the one-loop effective potential, and it may occur at the non-trivial minima of the latter. Phenomenologically realistic scenarios, compatible with the Planck data, may be expected for the conformal supergravity variants of the basic model.
Rotating D0-branes and consistent truncations of supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anabalón, Andrés; Ortiz, Thomas; Samtleben, Henning

2013-01-01

The fluctuations around the D0-brane near-horizon geometry are described by two-dimensional SO(9) gauged maximal supergravity. We work out the U(1) 4 truncation of this theory whose scalar sector consists of five dilaton and four axion fields. We construct the full non-linear Kaluza–Klein ansatz for the embedding of the dilaton sector into type IIA supergravity. This yields a consistent truncation around a geometry which is the warped product of a two-dimensional domain wall and the sphere S 8 . As an application, we consider the solutions corresponding to rotating D0-branes which in the near-horizon limit approach AdS 2 ×M 8 geometries, and discuss their thermodynamical properties. More generally, we study the appearance of such solutions in the presence of non-vanishing axion fields
Type IIA flux compactifications. Vacua, effective theories and cosmological challenges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koers, Simon

2009-01-01

In this thesis, we studied a number of type IIA SU(3)-structure compactifications with 06-planes on nilmanifolds and cosets, which are tractable enough to allow for an explicit derivation of the low energy effective theory. In particular we calculated the mass spectrum of the light scalar modes, using N = 1 supergravity techniques. For the torus and the Iwasawa solution, we have also performed an explicit Kaluza-Klein reduction, which led to the same result. For the nilmanifold examples we have found that there are always three unstabilized moduli corresponding to axions in the RR sector. On the other hand, in the coset models, except for SU(2) x SU(2), all moduli are stabilized. We discussed the Kaluza-Klein decoupling for the supersymmetric AdS vacua and found that it requires going to the Nearly-Calabi Yau limited. We searched for non-trivial de Sitter minima in the original flux potential away from the AdS vacuum. Finally, in chapter 7, we focused on a family of three coset spaces and constructed non-supersymmetric vacua on them. (orig.)
Rotating D0-branes and consistent truncations of supergravity

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Anabalón, Andrés [Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Av. Padre Hurtado 750, Viña del Mar (Chile); Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique, UMR 5672, CNRS École Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d' Italie, F-69364 Lyon cedex 07 (France); Ortiz, Thomas; Samtleben, Henning [Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique, UMR 5672, CNRS École Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d' Italie, F-69364 Lyon cedex 07 (France)

2013-12-18

The fluctuations around the D0-brane near-horizon geometry are described by two-dimensional SO(9) gauged maximal supergravity. We work out the U(1){sup 4} truncation of this theory whose scalar sector consists of five dilaton and four axion fields. We construct the full non-linear Kaluza–Klein ansatz for the embedding of the dilaton sector into type IIA supergravity. This yields a consistent truncation around a geometry which is the warped product of a two-dimensional domain wall and the sphere S{sup 8}. As an application, we consider the solutions corresponding to rotating D0-branes which in the near-horizon limit approach AdS{sub 2}×M{sub 8} geometries, and discuss their thermodynamical properties. More generally, we study the appearance of such solutions in the presence of non-vanishing axion fields.
KK-monopoles and G-structures in M-theory/type IIA reductions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danielsson, Ulf; Dibitetto, Giuseppe; Guarino, Adolfo

2015-01-01

We argue that M-theory/massive IIA backgrounds including KK-monopoles are suitably described in the language of G-structures and their intrinsic torsion. To this end, we study classes of minimal supergravity models that admit an interpretation as twisted reductions in which the twist parameters are not restricted to satisfy the Jacobi constraints ω ω=0 required by an ordinary Scherk-Schwarz reduction. We first derive the correspondence between four-dimensional data and torsion classes of the internal space and, then, check the one-to-one correspondence between higher-dimensional and four-dimensional equations of motion. Remarkably, the whole construction holds regardless of the Jacobi constraints, thus shedding light upon the string/M-theory interpretation of (smeared) KK-monopoles.
Ambitwistor pure spinor string in a type II supergravity background

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Chandia, Osvaldo [Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez,Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez,Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, Santiago (Chile); Vallilo, Brenno Carlini [Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello,República 220, Santiago (Chile)

2015-06-30

We construct the ambitwistor pure spinor string in a general type II supergravity background in the semi-classical regime. Almost all supergravity constraints are obtained from nilpotency of the BRST charge and further consistency conditions from additional world-sheet the case of AdS{sub 5}×S{sup 5} background.
Supersymmetric AdS6 solutions of type IIB supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Hyojoong; Kim, Nakwoo; Suh, Minwoo

2015-01-01

We study the general requirement for supersymmetric AdS 6 solutions in type IIB supergravity. We employ the Killing spinor technique and study the differential and algebraic relations among various Killing spinor bilinears to find the canonical form of the solutions. Our result agrees precisely with the work of Apruzzi et al. (JHEP 1411:099, 2014), which used the pure spinor technique. Hoping to identify the geometry of the problem, we also computed four-dimensional theory through the dimensional reduction of type IIB supergravity on AdS 6 . This effective action is essentially a non-linear sigma model with five scalar fields parametrizing SL(3,ℝ)/SO(2,1), modified by a scalar potential and coupled to Einstein gravity in Euclidean signature. We argue that the scalar potential can be explained by a subgroup CSO(1,1,1) ⊂SL(3,ℝ) in a way analogous to gauged supergravity
Invariant Killing spinors in 11D and type II supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gran, U; Gutowski, J; Papadopoulos, G

2009-01-01

We present all isotropy groups and associated Σ groups, up to discrete identifications of the component connected to the identity, of spinors of 11-dimensional and type II supergravities. The Σ groups are products of a Spin group and an R-symmetry group of a suitable lower dimensional supergravity theory. Using the case of SU(4)-invariant spinors as a paradigm, we demonstrate that the Σ groups, and so the R-symmetry groups of lower dimensional supergravity theories arising from compactifications, have disconnected components. These lead us to discrete symmetry groups reminiscent of R-parity. We examine the role of disconnected components of the Σ groups in the choice of Killing spinor representatives and in the context of compactifications.
New supersymmetric AdS4 type II vacua

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsimpis, D.

2010-01-01

We review the supersymmetric AdS 4 x w M 6 backgrounds of type IIA/IIB supergravity constructed in[1]. In type IIA the supersymmetry is N=2, and the six-dimensional internal space is locally an S 2 bundle over a four-dimensional Kaehler-Einstein base; in IIB the internal space is the direct product of a circle and a five-dimensional squashed Sasaki-Einstein manifold. These backgrounds do not contain any sources, all fluxes (including the Romans mass in IIA) are generally non-zero, and the dilaton and warp factor are non-constant. The IIA solutions include the massive deformations of the IIA reduction of the eleven-dimensional AdS 4 x Y p,q solutions, and had been predicted to exist on the basis of the AdS 4 /CFT 3 correspondence. (Abstract Copyright [2010], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Supersymmetric RG flows and Janus from type II orbifold compactification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karndumri, Parinya; Upathambhakul, Khem [Chulalongkorn University, String Theory and Supergravity Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bangkok (Thailand)

2017-07-15

We study holographic RG flow solutions within four-dimensional N = 4 gauged supergravity obtained from type IIA and IIB string theories compactified on T{sup 6}/Z{sub 2} x Z{sub 2} orbifold with gauge, geometric and non-geometric fluxes. In type IIB non-geometric compactifications, the resulting gauged supergravity has ISO(3) x ISO(3) gauge group and admits an N = 4 AdS{sub 4} vacuum dual to an N = 4 superconformal field theory (SCFT) in three dimensions. We study various supersymmetric RG flows from this N = 4 SCFT to N = 4 and N = 1 non-conformal field theories in the IR. The flows preserving N = 4 supersymmetry are driven by relevant operators of dimensions Δ = 1, 2 or alternatively by one of these relevant operators, dual to the dilaton, and irrelevant operators of dimensions Δ = 4 while the N = 1 flows in addition involve marginal deformations. Most of the flows can be obtained analytically. We also give examples of supersymmetric Janus solutions preserving N = 4 and N = 1 supersymmetries. These solutions should describe two-dimensional conformal defects within the dual N = 4 SCFT. Geometric compactifications of type IIA theory give rise to N = 4 gauged supergravity with ISO(3) x U(1){sup 6} gauge group. In this case, the resulting gauged supergravity admits an N = 1 AdS{sub 4} vacuum. We also numerically study possible N = 1 RG flows to non-conformal field theories in this case. (orig.)
On Type IIB moduli stabilization and N=4,8 supergravities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aldazabal, Gerardo [Centro Atomico Bariloche, Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNC) and CONICET, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche (Argentina); Marques, Diego [Institut de Physique Theorique, CEA/ Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Nunez, Carmen, E-mail: carmen@iafe.uba.a [Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio (CONICET-UBA) and Departamento de Fisica, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C.C. 67 - Suc. 28, 1428 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Rosabal, Jose A. [Centro Atomico Bariloche, Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNC) and CONICET, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche (Argentina)

2011-08-01

We analyze D=4 compactifications of Type IIB theory with generic, geometric and non-geometric, dual fluxes turned on. In particular, we study N=1 toroidal orbifold compactifications that admit an embedding of the untwisted sector into gauged N=4,8 supergravities. Truncations, spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry and the inclusion of sources are discussed. The algebraic identities satisfied by the supergravity gaugings are used to implement the full set of consistency constraints on the background fluxes. This allows to perform a generic study of N=1 vacua and identify large regions of the parameter space that do not admit complete moduli stabilization. Illustrative examples of AdS and Minkowski vacua are presented.
Differential diagnosis of gastric adenoma and type IIa early gastric cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuchigame, T.; Ogata, Y.; Sumi, M.; Fukui, K.; Saito, R.; Nakashima, K.; Urata, J.; Arakawa, A.; Saito, Y.; Takahashi, M.

1991-01-01

The endoscopic and radiographic findings of 45 gastric adenomas in 39 patients were followed for 6 months to 13 years and compared with type IIa early gastric cancer observed in 9 patients. Difficulties in the diffential diagnosis of these disorders were evaluated. The following features were suggestive of gastric adenomas: clustered lesions; protuberance with gentle slope; smooth surface; and relatively young patients. Discrimination of adenoma from type IIa early gastric cancer is often difficult by visual observation alone; biopsy was essential in most patients. A group III adenoma verified on biopsy should be followed closely because the lesion may harbor a cancer (so-called carcinoma-in-adenoma) or a cancer may later develop. (orig.)
Isolation and Characterization of Plantaricin Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum Strains (IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, IIA-2B2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. I. Arief

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Bacteriocins produced by Indonesian lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, IIA-2B2 were purified and characterized. Plantaricin W gene had been successfully amplified from all strains. This amplicon showed the expected 200 bp size of plantaricin W gene. This bacteriocins purified from L. plantarum IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, and IIA-2B2 were named plantaricin IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, and IIA-2B2. Purification by cation exchange chromatography increased the purity (fold and activity of plantaricins. Purity of plantaricin IIA-1A5 was increased by 3.13 fold with specific activity 13.40 AU/mg. Plantaricin IIA-1B1 had 2.98 fold purity with specific activity 5.12 AU/mg, while purity of plantaricin IIA-2B2 was 1.37 fold with specific activity 7.70 AU/mg. All plantaricins could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Plantaricins could be digested by trypsin. Stability of plantaricins at 80 oC for 30 min and at 121 oC for 15 min were affected by type of plantaricin and species of pathogenic bacteria. Generally, plantaricin IIA-1A5 was better as antimicrobial agent than plantaricin IIA-1B1 and plantaricin IIA-2B2.
Type I supergravity effective action from pure spinor formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alencar, Geova

2009-01-01

Using the pure spinor formalism, we compute the tree-level correlation functions for three strings, one closed and two open, in N = 1 D = 10 superspace. Expanding the superfields in components, the respective terms of the effective action for the type I supergravity are obtained. All terms found agree with the effective action known in the literature. This result gives one more consistency test for the pure spinor formalism.
On $R^4$ terms and MHV amplitudes in N = 5,6 supergravity vacua of Type II superstrings

CERN Document Server

Bianchi, Massimo

2011-01-01

We compute one-loop threshold corrections to $R^4$ terms in N= 5,6 supergravity vacua of Type II superstrings. We then discuss non-perturbative corrections generated by asymmetric D-brane instantons. Finally we derive generating functions for MHV amplitudes at tree level in N = 5, 6 supergravities.
Properties of Nilpotent Supergravity

CERN Document Server

Dudas, E.; Kehagias, A.; Sagnotti, A.

2015-09-30

We construct Supergravity models where the goldstino multiplet has a gravitational origin, being dual to the chiral curvature superfield. Supersymmetry is nonlinearly realized due to a nilpotent constraint, while the goldstino arises from $\\gamma$-traces of the gauge-invariant gravitino field strength. After duality transformations one recovers, as expected, the standard Volkov-Akulov Lagrangian coupled to Supergravity, but the gravitational origin of the goldstino multiplet restricts the available types of matter couplings. We also construct explicitly some inflationary models of this type, which contain both the inflaton and the nilpotent superfield.
Properties of nilpotent supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dudas, E. [Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytéchnique,F-91128 Palaiseau (France); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY,22607 Hamburg (Germany); Ferrara, S. [Th-Ph Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati,Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 (United States); Kehagias, A. [Th-Ph Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Physics Division, National Technical University of Athens,15780 Zografou, Athens (Greece); Sagnotti, A. [Th-Ph Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Scuola Normale Superiore and INFN,Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa (Italy)

2015-09-30

We construct supergravity models where the goldstino multiplet has a gravitational origin, being dual to the chiral curvature superfield. Supersymmetry is nonlinearly realized due to a nilpotent constraint, while the goldstino arises from γ-traces of the gauge-invariant gravitino field strength. After duality transformations one recovers, as expected, the standard Volkov-Akulov Lagrangian coupled to Supergravity, but the gravitational origin of the goldstino multiplet restricts the available types of matter couplings. We also construct explicitly some inflationary models of this type, which contain both the inflaton and the nilpotent superfield.

Supergravity

CERN Document Server

Freedman, Daniel Z

2012-01-01

Supergravity, together with string theory, is one of the most significant developments in theoretical physics. Written by two of the most respected workers in the field, this is the first-ever authoritative and systematic account of supergravity. The book starts by reviewing aspects of relativistic field theory in Minkowski spacetime. After introducing the relevant ingredients of differential geometry and gravity, some basic supergravity theories (D=4 and D=11) and the main gauge theory tools are explained. In the second half of the book, complex geometry and N=1 and N=2 supergravity theories are covered. Classical solutions and a chapter on AdS/CFT complete the book. Numerous exercises and examples make it ideal for Ph.D. students, and with applications to model building, cosmology and solutions of supergravity theories, it is also invaluable to researchers.
Matter couplings in supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bagger, J.A.

1983-01-01

The N = 1 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model is coupled to supergravity. The results are expressed in the language of Kahler geometry. Topological considerations constrain the scalar fields to lie on a Kahler manifold of restricted type, or a Hodge manifold. For topologically nontrivial manifolds, this leads to the quantization of Newton's constant in terms of the scalar self-coupling. The isometries of the N = 1 model are gauged. This gives a geometrical picture of what might be called the gauge invariant supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model. It also provides a new interpretation of the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term. The gauge invariant supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model is coupled to N = 1 supergravity. This leads to a deeper understanding of the connections between supergravity, R-invariance and the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term. It also provides a foundation for phenomenological studies of supergravity theories. Finally, the N = 2 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model is coupled to supergravity. The scalar fields are found to lie on a negatively curved quaternionic manifold. This implies that matter self-couplings that are allowed in N = 2 supersymmetry are forbidden in N = 2 supergravity, and vice versa
On matter couplings in N=1 supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galperin, A.; Ogievskiy, V.; Sokatchev, E.

1983-01-01

A flexible version of N=1 supergravity is proposed. It contains 28+28 fields and is an extension of the new minimal supergravity version. Matter couplings in various N=1 supergravity versions are discussed. The chiral densities are constructed for non-minimal and flexible versions. Therefore these versions admit a general R-non-invariant matter coupling as the minimal supergravity does. A modified Fayet-Iliopoulos type mechanism is conjectured which apparently can work in the non-minimal and flexible versions without R-symmetry of the superpotential unlike the minimal and new minimal ones
Expression of Dihydropyridine and Ryanodine Receptors in Type IIA Fibers of Rat Skeletal Muscle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anttila, Katja; Mänttäri, Satu; Järvilehto, Matti

2007-01-01

In this study, the fiber type specificity of dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in different rat limb muscles was investigated. Western blot and histochemical analyses provided for the first time evidence that the expression of both receptors correlates to a specific myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. We observed a significant (p=0.01) correlation between DHP as well as Ry receptor density and the expression of MHC IIa (correlation factor r=0.674 and r=0.645, respectively) in one slow-twitch, postural muscle (m. soleus), one mixed, fast-twitch muscle (m. gastrocnemius) and two fast-twitch muscles (m. rectus femoris, m. extensor digitorum longus). The highest DHP and Ry receptor density was found in the white part of m. rectus femoris (0.058±0.0060 and 0.057±0.0158 ODu, respectively). As expected, the highest relative percentage of MHC IIa was also found in the white part of m. rectus femoris (70.0±7.77%). Furthermore, histochemical experiments revealed that the IIA fibers stained most strongly for the fluorophore-conjugated receptor blockers. Our data clearly suggest that the expression of DHPRs and RyRs follows a fiber type-specific pattern, indicating an important role for these proteins in the maintenance of an effective Ca 2+ cycle in the fast contracting fiber type IIA
Supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uehara, S.

1985-01-01

Of all supergravity theories, the maximal, i.e., N = 8 in 4-dimension or N = 1 in 11-dimension, theory should perform the unification since it owns the highest degree of symmetry. As to the N = 1 in d = 11 theory, it has been investigated how to compactify to the d = 4 theories. From the phenomenological point of view, local SUSY GUTs, i.e., N = 1 SUSY GUTs with soft breaking terms, have been studied from various angles. The structures of extended supergravity theories are less understood than those of N = 1 supergravity theories, and matter couplings in N = 2 extended supergravity theories are under investigation. The harmonic superspace was recently proposed which may be useful to investigate the quantum effects of extended supersymmetry and supergravity theories. As to the so-called Kaluza-Klein supergravity, there is another possibility. (Mori, K.)
Supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Witt, B. de

2002-01-01

It is a comprehensive introduction to supergravities in different dimensions and with various numbers of supersymmetries. Topics covered include the allowed low-energy couplings, duality symmetries, compactification and supersymmetries in curved backgrounds. This document is made up of 7 chapters: 1) introduction, 2) supersymmetry in various dimensions, 3) supergravity, 4) homogeneous spaces and non-linear sigma models, 5) gauged maximal supergravity in 4 and 5 dimensions, 6) supersymmetry in anti-Sitter space, and 7) superconformal symmetry. (A.C.)
Supergravity duals of matrix string theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morales, Jose F.; Samtleben, Henning

2002-01-01

We study holographic duals of type II and heterotic matrix string theories described by warped AdS 3 supergravities. By explicitly solving the linearized equations of motion around near horizon D-string geometries, we determine the spectrum of Kaluza-Klein primaries for type I, II supergravities on warped AdS 3 xS 7 . The results match those coming from the dual two-dimensional gauge theories living on the D-string worldvolumes. We briefly discuss the connections with the N=(8,8), N=(8,0) orbifold superconformal field theories to which type IIB/heterotic matrix strings flow in the infrared. In particular, we associate the dimension (h,h-bar) (32,32) twisted operator which brings the matrix string theories out from the conformal point (R; 8 ) N /S N with the dilaton profile in the supergravity background. The familiar dictionary between masses and 'scaling' dimensions of field and operators are modified by the presence of non-trivial warp factors and running dilatons. These modifications are worked out for the general case of domain wall/QFT correspondences between supergravities on warped AdS d+1 xS q geometries and super Yang-Mills theories with 16 supercharges. (author)
Introduction to supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wit, B. de.

1984-06-01

These lectures aim at introducing supergravity in its most simple and direct form. After explaining the main features of graviton and gravitino fields the invariance of simple supergravity in d=4 dimension are proved. The complications for higher-dimensional supergravity are explained and d=11 supergravity is presented. The author discusses supersymmetry in anti-de Sitter space, which allows him to introduce the concept of isometries and Killing spinors and vectors. The breaking of supersymmetry (super-Brout-Englert-Higgs effect), off-shell aspects of supergravity and the superconformal multiplet calculus are dealt with. This is first done for gravity, but also for the structure of simple d=4 conformal supergravity. Finally, the coupling of scalar fields to N=1 and N=2 supergravity as an application of this formalism is discussed. (Auth.)
Type IIA2 urethral duplication: report of an unusual case | Gupta ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This report describes a rare case of type IIA2 sagittal urethral duplication. The presentation, investigation, and management of this rare anomaly are briefly discussed. A 3½-year-old boy presented with urinary obstruction and recurrent urinary tract infection due to a stenosed dorsal urethra and segmental stenosis of the ...
Holography, brane intersections and six-dimensional SCFTs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bobev, Nikolay [Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, K.University Leuven,Celestijnenlaan 200D, BE-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Dibitetto, Giuseppe [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University,Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala (Sweden); Gautason, Friðrik Freyr [Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, K.University Leuven,Celestijnenlaan 200D, BE-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS,Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Truijen, Brecht [Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, K.University Leuven,Celestijnenlaan 200D, BE-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2017-02-23

We study supersymmetric intersections of NS5-, D6- and D8-branes in type IIA string theory. We focus on the supergravity description of this system and identify a “near horizon” limit in which we recover the recently classified supersymmetric seven-dimensional AdS solutions of massive type IIA supergravity. Using a consistent truncation to seven-dimensional gauged supergravity we construct a universal supersymmetric deformation of these AdS vacua. In the holographic dual six-dimensional (1,0) superconformal field theory this deformation describes a universal RG flow on the tensor branch of the vacuum moduli space triggered by a vacuum expectation value for a protected scalar operator of dimension four.
Supergravity solitons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aichelburg, P.C.; Embacher, F.

1987-01-01

The Langrangian for a single free soliton in N = 2 supergravity as proposed in an earlier paper, is studied. We analyze the algebra of constraints and discuss the local gauge symmetry due to the existence of first class constraints. The classical motion as well as a Gupta-Bleuler type quantization are given. (Author)
d=8 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salam, A.; Sezgin, E.

1984-10-01

SU(2) gauged N=2 supergravity in d=8 is constructed by generalized dimensional reduction of d=11 supergravity on SU(2) group manifold. The relation between the field equations of the d=8 and those of d=11 supergravities is established. As a byproduct of this, it is shown that certain compactifications of d=11 supergravity give rise to anti-de Sitter space-time (AdS)xS 4 or AdSxCP 2 (with or without SU(2) instanton) or AdSxS 2 xS 2 compactifications of d=8 supergravity. The latter two solutions have no supersymmetry, while AdSxS 4 has N=0 or N=1 supersymmetry. (author)
Two Ramond-Ramond corrections to type II supergravity via field-theory amplitude

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bakhtiarizadeh, Hamid R. [Sirjan University of Technology, Department of Physics, Sirjan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2017-12-15

Motivated by the standard form of the string-theory amplitude, we calculate the field-theory amplitude to complete the higher-derivative terms in type II supergravity theories in their conventional form. We derive explicitly the O(α{sup '3}) interactions for the RR (Ramond-Ramond) fields with graviton, B-field and dilaton in the low-energy effective action of type II superstrings. We check our results by comparison with previous work that has been done by the other methods, and we find exact agreement. (orig.)
On running couplings in gauge theories from type-IIB supergravity

CERN Document Server

Kehagias, A A

1999-01-01

We construct an explicit solution of type-IIB supergravity describing the strong coupling regime of a non-supersymmetric gauge theory. The latter has a running coupling with an ultraviolet stable fixed point corresponding to the N=4 SU(N) super-Yang-Mills theory at large N. The running coupling has a power law behaviour, argued to be universal, that is consistent with holography. Around the critical point, our solution defines an asymptotic expansion for the gauge coupling beta-function. We also calculate the first correction to the Coulombic quark-antiquark potential.
Vertex operators of ghost number three in Type IIB supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mikhailov, Andrei

2016-01-01

We study the cohomology of the massless BRST complex of the Type IIB pure spinor superstring in flat space. In particular, we find that the cohomology at the ghost number three is nontrivial and transforms in the same representation of the supersymmetry algebra as the solutions of the linearized classical supergravity equations. Modulo some finite dimensional spaces, the ghost number three cohomology is the same as the ghost number two cohomology. We also comment on the difference between the naive and semi-relative cohomology, and the role of b-ghost.
Newton-Cartan supergravity with torsion and Schrodinger supergravity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bergshoeff, Eric; Rosseel, Jan; Zojer, Thomas

2015-01-01

We derive a torsionfull version of three-dimensional N - 2 Newton-Cartan supergravity using a non-relativistic notion of the superconformal tensor calculus. The "superconformal" theory that we start with is Schrodinger supergravity which we obtain by gauging the Schrodinger superalgebra. We present
Type IIA photosensitivity and formation of pores in optical fibers under intense ultraviolet irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kukushkin, S. A.; Shlyagin, M. G.; Swart, P. L.; Chtcherbakov, A. A.; Osipov, A. V.

2007-01-01

Formation of the type IIA Bragg gratings in germanosilicate optical fibers is studied. We report the observation of such a type of gratings in the standard single-mode fiber (Corning SMF-28) under different experimental conditions. A mechanism for the type IIA photosensitivity in optical fibers is proposed which is based on nucleation and evolution of pores from vacancy-type defects in fiber areas where a high level of mechanical stress is induced under intense ultraviolet (UV) light. Evolution of fiber core temperature under influence of a single 20 ns light pulse from a KrF excimer laser was measured and compared with theoretical calculations. It was shown that transient thermoinduced stress in the fiber core can achieve a level sufficient for effective nucleation of pores. A theory describing formation of pores in optical fibers has been developed and was used to estimate the pore nucleation rate, concentration, and other parameters of pore evolution for different levels of UV fluence and fiber core stress
Conformal invariance in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergshoeff, E.A.

1983-01-01

In this thesis the author explains the role of conformal invariance in supergravity. He presents the complete structure of extended conformal supergravity for N <= 4. The outline of this work is as follows. In chapter 2 he briefly summarizes the essential properties of supersymmetry and supergravity and indicates the use of conformal invariance in supergravity. The idea that the introduction of additional symmetry transformations can make clear the structure of a field theory is not reserved to supergravity only. By means of some simple examples it is shown in chapter 3 how one can always introduce additional gauge transformations in a theory of massive vector fields. Moreover it is shown how the gauge invariant formulation sometimes explains the quantum mechanical properties of the theory. In chapter 4 the author defines the conformal transformations and summarizes their main properties. He explains how these conformal transformations can be used to analyse the structure of gravity. The supersymmetric extension of these results is discussed in chapter 5. Here he describes as an example how N=1 supergravity can be reformulated in a conformally-invariant way. He also shows that beyond N=1 the gauge fields of the superconformal symmetries do not constitute an off-shell field representation of extended conformal supergravity. Therefore, in chapter 6, a systematic method to construct the off-shell formulation of all extended conformal supergravity theories with N <= 4 is developed. As an example he uses this method to construct N=1 conformal supergravity. Finally, in chapter 7 N=4 conformal supergravity is discussed. (Auth.)
Dynamical symmetry enhancement near IIA horizons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gran, University; Gutowski, J.; Kayani, University; Papadopoulos, G.

2015-01-01

We show that smooth type IIA Killing horizons with compact spatial sections preserve an even number of supersymmetries, and that the symmetry algebra of horizons with non-trivial fluxes includes an sl(2,ℝ) subalgebra. This confirms the conjecture of http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2013)104 for type IIA horizons. As an intermediate step in the proof, we also demonstrate new Lichnerowicz type theorems for spin bundle connections whose holonomy is contained in a general linear group.
Supersymmetry and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

West, P.

1986-01-01

This book presents a pedagogical introduction of supersymmetry, supergravity and string theories and deals with advanced related topics. Contents: Introduction, The Supersymmetry Algebras; Alternative Approach to the Supersymmetry Algebra; Immediate Consequences of the Supersymmetry Algebra; The Wess-Zumino Model; N = 1 Super QED; N = 1 Super Yang-Mills Theory and the Noether Procedure; Irreducible Representations of Supersymmetry; Simple Supergravity; Invariance of Simple Supergravity; Tensor Calculus of Rigid Supersymmetry; Theories of Extended Rigid Supersymmetry; Local Tensor Calculus and the Coupling of Supergravity to Matter; Superspace; Superspace Formulations of Rigid Supersymmetric Theories; Superspace Formulation of N = 1 Supergravity; N = 1 Super-Feynman Rules; Ultraviolet Properties of the Extended Rigid Supersymmetry Theories; Spontaneous Breaking of Supersymmetry and Realistic Models; Currents in Supersymmetric Theories; Two-Dimensional Supersymmetry Models; Gauge Covariant Formulation of Strings; Appendix A: An Explanation of Our Choices of Conventions; Appendix B: A List of Reviews and Books

Introduction to supergravity

CERN Document Server

Tanii, Yoshiaki

2014-01-01

This book is a pedagogical introduction to supergravity, a gravitational field theory that includes supersymmetry (symmetry between bosons and fermions) and is a generalization of Einstein's general relativity. Supergravity provides a low-energy effective theory of superstring theory, which has attracted much attention as a candidate for the unified theory of fundamental particles, and it is a useful tool for studying non-perturbative properties of superstring theory such as D-branes and string duality. This work considers classical supergravities in four and higher spacetime dimensions with their applications to superstring theory in mind. More concretely, it discusses classical Lagrangians (or field equations) and symmetry properties of supergravities. Besides local symmetries, supergravities often have global non-compact symmetries, which play a crucial role in their applications to superstring theory. One of the main features of this book is its detailed discussion of these non-compact symmetries. The aim...
Euclidean supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

de Wit, Bernard; Reys, Valentin

2017-12-01

Supergravity with eight supercharges in a four-dimensional Euclidean space is constructed at the full non-linear level by performing an off-shell time-like reduction of five-dimensional supergravity. The resulting four-dimensional theory is realized off-shell with the Weyl, vector and tensor supermultiplets and a corresponding multiplet calculus. Hypermultiplets are included as well, but they are themselves only realized with on-shell supersymmetry. We also briefly discuss the non-linear supermultiplet. The off-shell reduction leads to a full understanding of the Euclidean theory. A complete multiplet calculus is presented along the lines of the Minkowskian theory. Unlike in Minkowski space, chiral and anti-chiral multiplets are real and supersymmetric actions are generally unbounded from below. Precisely as in the Minkowski case, where one has different formulations of Poincaré supergravity upon introducing different compensating supermultiplets, one can also obtain different versions of Euclidean supergravity.
Supersymmetric and supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pernici, M.

1986-01-01

The author addressed problems in Kaluza-Klein supergravity, in supersymmetric theories and in string theories. They constructed the following supergravity theories in higher dimensions: the maximal gauged supergravities in five and seven dimensions, both related to the respective ungauged theory, though the latter cannot be obtained by putting the coupling constant of the gauged version to zero (gauge discontinuity); the ten-dimensional N = 2 non-chiral and the six-dimensional N = 4 supergravities, through trivial dimensional reduction of higher dimensional theories. They studied the Kaluza-Klein compactifications of the seven-dimensional supergravity theories and of the ten-dimensional, N = 2 non-chiral supergravity. They obtained the non-compact gaugings and the critical points of the potential of the maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions. They computed the non-abelian chiral anomaly in super Yang-Mills theories, using a variation of the Fujikawa method. The covariant action of the SU(2) spinning string is obtained together with its extension to non-linear sigma models. A covariant action for the free open spinning string field theory is constructed by analyzing the BRST transformations
Development and clinical application in arthritis of a new immunoassay for serum type IIA procollagen NH2 propeptide.

Science.gov (United States)

Rousseau, Jean-Charles; Sandell, Linda J; Delmas, Pierre D; Garnero, Patrick

2004-01-01

Type II collagen, the most abundant protein of cartilage matrix, is synthesized as a procollagen molecule including the N-(PIINP) and C-(PIICP) propeptides at each end. Type II procollagen is produced in two forms as the result of alternative RNA splicing. One form (IIA) includes and the other form (IIB) excludes a 69-amino acid cysteine-rich globular domain encoded by exon 2 in PIINP. During the process of synthesis, these N-propeptides are removed by specific proteases and released in the circulation, and their levels are believed to reflect type II collagen synthesis. In this chapter we describe the development of a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of the IIA form of PIINP (PIIANP) in serum based on a polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant human exon 2 fusion protein of type II procollagen. We show that this ELISA is highly specific for circulating PIIANP and has adequate technical precision. In patients with knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, serum PIIANP was decreased by 53% (p type IIA collagen synthesis is altered in these arthritic diseases. The measurement of serum PIIANP may be useful for the clinical investigation of patients with joint diseases.
Gauged Supergravities and Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking from the Double Copy Construction

Science.gov (United States)

Chiodaroli, M.; Günaydin, M.; Johansson, H.; Roiban, R.

2018-04-01

Supergravities with gauged R symmetry and Minkowski vacua allow for spontaneous supersymmetry breaking and, as such, provide a framework for building supergravity models of phenomenological relevance. In this Letter, we initiate the study of double copy constructions for these supergravities. We argue that, on general grounds, we expect their scattering amplitudes to be described by a double copy of the type (spontaneously broken gauge theory)⊗ (gauge theory with broken supersymmetry). We present a simple realization in which the resulting supergravity has U (1 )R gauge symmetry, spontaneously broken N =2 supersymmetry, and massive gravitini. This is the first instance of a double copy construction of a gauged supergravity and of a theory with spontaneously broken supersymmetry. The construction extends in a straightforward manner to a large family of gauged Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories with or without spontaneous gauge-symmetry breaking.
On (orientifold of) type IIA on a compact Calabi-Yau

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Misra, A.

2004-01-01

We study the gauged sigma model and its mirror Landau-Ginsburg model corresponding to type IIA on the Fermat degree-24 hypersurface in WCP 4 [1,1,2,8,12] (whose blow-up gives the smooth CY 3 (3,243)) away from the orbifold singularities, and its orientifold by a freely-acting antiholomorphic involution. We derive the Picard-Fuchs equation obeyed a period integral of a parent N=2 type IIA theory. We obtain the Meijer's basis of solutions to the equation in the large and small complex structure limits (on the mirror Landau-Ginsburg side) of the abovementioned Calabi-Yau, and make some remarks about the monodromy properties associated at the same and another MATHEMATICAlly interesting point. Based on a recently shown N=1 four-dimensional triality between Heterotic on the self-mirror Calabi-Yau CY 3 (11,11), M theory on CY 3 (3,243) x S 1 /(Z 2 ) and F-theory on an elliptically fibered CY 4 with the base given by CP 1 x Enriques surface, we first give a heuristic argument that there can be no superpotential generated in the orientifold of of CY 3 (3,243), and then explicitly verify the same using a mirror symmetry formulation for the abovementioned hypersurface away from its orbifold singularities. We then discuss briefly the sigma model and the mirror Landau-Ginsburg model corresponding to the resolved Calabi-Yau as well. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
The N=1 effective actions of D-branes in Type IIA and IIB orientifolds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grimm, Thomas W.; Vieira Lopes, Daniel

2012-01-01

We discuss the four-dimensional N=1 effective actions of single space-time filling Dp-branes in general Type IIA and Type IIB Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications. The effective actions depend on an infinite number of normal deformations and gauge connection modes. For D6-branes the N=1 Kähler potential, the gauge-coupling function, the superpotential and the D-terms are determined as functions of these fields. They can be expressed as integrals over chains which end on the D-brane cycle and a reference cycle. The infinite deformation space will reduce to a finite dimensional moduli space of special Lagrangian submanifolds upon imposing F- and D-term supersymmetry conditions. We show that the Type IIA moduli space geometry is captured by three real functionals encoding the deformations of special Lagrangian submanifolds, holomorphic three-forms and Kähler two-forms of Calabi-Yau manifolds. These elegantly combine in the N=1 Kähler potential, which reduces after applying mirror symmetry to the results previously determined for space-time filling D3-, D5- and D7-branes. We also propose general chain integral expressions for the Kähler potentials of Type IIB D-branes.
BOOK REVIEW: Supergravity Supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Gregory, Ruth

2013-02-01

Supergravity is an essential ingredient in so many areas of ultra high energy physics, yet it is rarely taught systematically, even at the graduate level. Students most often have to learn along with applying, and must use the now classic older texts. For such core material, it is surprising that there are so few good texts on the subject. It is not necessarily that supergravity is so much more conceptually complex, rather that it is technical and therefore easy for a text to become dry, dense and rather indigestible. This book, written by two experts in the field, is therefore a breath of fresh air. It not only represents a comprehensive modern overview of the subject, but achieves this with clarity, accessibility, and even humour! To paraphrase the authors, if you are not impressed by this book, you should put it down and watch television instead. It starts by reviewing, or overviewing, aspects of field theory, basic supersymmetry and gravity that will be needed for the rest of the book. This first third or so of the book is very condensed, and will not be easy to follow for those who have not encountered the material before. However, the authors acknowledge this and give plenty of suggestions for more pedagogical texts in the relevant areas, thus it does not feel overly brief. The middle section deals with the construction of supergravity, starting with basic N = 1 supergravity in 4 and 11 dimensions and gradually extending the discussion to include matter multiplets. This part of the book systematically builds up understanding and construction of models, before moving on to superconformal methods. The purpose is not to cover all supergravity theories, but to focus on a few examples in detail, and to give sufficient expertise and information for the reader to be able to deal with any other models they might need. The final part of the book deals with applications, and includes two chapters on applications in adS/CFT, which will be of most interest to new
Visual Prognosis in USH2A-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa Is Worse for Patients with Usher Syndrome Type IIa Than for Those with Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Pierrache, Laurence H M; Hartel, Bas P; van Wijk, Erwin; Meester-Smoor, Magda A; Cremers, Frans P M; de Baere, Elfride; de Zaeytijd, Julie; van Schooneveld, Mary J; Cremers, Cor W R J; Dagnelie, Gislin; Hoyng, Carel B; Bergen, Arthur A; Leroy, Bart P; Pennings, Ronald J E; van den Born, L Ingeborgh; Klaver, Caroline C W

2016-05-01

USH2A mutations are an important cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with or without congenital sensorineural hearing impairment. We studied genotype-phenotype correlations and compared visual prognosis in Usher syndrome type IIa and nonsyndromic RP. Clinic-based, longitudinal, multicenter study. Consecutive patients with Usher syndrome type IIa (n = 152) and nonsyndromic RP (n = 73) resulting from USH2A mutations from ophthalmogenetic clinics in the Netherlands and Belgium. Data on clinical characteristics, visual acuity, visual field measurements, retinal imaging, and electrophysiologic features were extracted from medical charts over a mean follow-up of 9 years. Cumulative lifetime risks of low vision and blindness were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Low vision and blindness. Participant groups had similar distributions of gender (48% vs. 45% males in Usher syndrome type IIa vs. nonsydromic RP; P = 0.8), ethnicity (97% vs. 99% European; P = 0.3), and median follow-up time (6.5 years vs. 3 years; P = 0.3). Usher syndrome type IIa patients demonstrated symptoms at a younger age (median age, 15 years vs. 25 years; P syndromic phenotype, whereas other combinations were present in both groups. We found novel variants in Usher syndrome type IIa (25%) and nonsyndromic RP (19%): 29 missense mutations, 10 indels, 14 nonsense mutations, 9 frameshift mutations, and 5 splice-site mutations. Most patients with USH2A-associated RP have severe visual impairment by age 50. However, those with Usher syndrome type IIa have an earlier decline of visual function and a higher cumulative risk of visual impairment than those without nonsyndromic RP. Complete loss of function of the USH2A protein predisposes to Usher syndrome type IIa, but remnant protein function can lead to RP with or without hearing loss. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Newton-Cartan supergravity with torsion and Schrödinger supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergshoeff, Eric; Rosseel, Jan; Zojer, Thomas

2015-01-01

We derive a torsionfull version of three-dimensional N=2 Newton-Cartan supergravity using a non-relativistic notion of the superconformal tensor calculus. The “superconformal” theory that we start with is Schrödinger supergravity which we obtain by gauging the Schrödinger superalgebra. We present two non-relativistic N=2 matter multiplets that can be used as compensators in the superconformal calculus. They lead to two different off-shell formulations which, in analogy with the relativistic case, we call “old minimal” and “new minimal” Newton-Cartan supergravity. We find similarities but also point out some differences with respect to the relativistic case.
Newton-Cartan supergravity with torsion and Schrödinger supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergshoeff, Eric [Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (Netherlands); Rosseel, Jan [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology,Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna (Austria); Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern,Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern (Switzerland); Zojer, Thomas [Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (Netherlands)

2015-11-25

We derive a torsionfull version of three-dimensional N=2 Newton-Cartan supergravity using a non-relativistic notion of the superconformal tensor calculus. The “superconformal” theory that we start with is Schrödinger supergravity which we obtain by gauging the Schrödinger superalgebra. We present two non-relativistic N=2 matter multiplets that can be used as compensators in the superconformal calculus. They lead to two different off-shell formulations which, in analogy with the relativistic case, we call “old minimal” and “new minimal” Newton-Cartan supergravity. We find similarities but also point out some differences with respect to the relativistic case.
Minimal constrained supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cribiori, N. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Dall' Agata, G., E-mail: dallagat@pd.infn.it [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Farakos, F. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Porrati, M. [Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003 (United States)

2017-01-10

We describe minimal supergravity models where supersymmetry is non-linearly realized via constrained superfields. We show that the resulting actions differ from the so called “de Sitter” supergravities because we consider constraints eliminating directly the auxiliary fields of the gravity multiplet.
Minimal constrained supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cribiori, N.; Dall'Agata, G.; Farakos, F.; Porrati, M.

2017-01-01

We describe minimal supergravity models where supersymmetry is non-linearly realized via constrained superfields. We show that the resulting actions differ from the so called “de Sitter” supergravities because we consider constraints eliminating directly the auxiliary fields of the gravity multiplet.
IIA/B, Wound and Wrapped

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danielsson, Ulf H.; Guijosa, Alberto; Kruczenski, Martin

2000-01-01

We examine the T-duality relation between 1+1 NCOS and the DLCQ limit of type IIA string theory. We show that, as long as there is a compact dimension, one can meaningfully define an 'NCOS' limit of IIB/A string theory even in the absence of D-branes (and even if there is no B-field). This yields a theory of closed strings with strictly positive winding, which is T-dual to DLCQ IIA/B without any D-branes. We call this the Type IIB/A Wound String Theory. The existence of decoupled sectors can be seen directly from the energy spectrum, and mirrors that of the DLCQ theory. It becomes clear then that all of the different p+1 NCOS theories are simply different states of this single Wound IIA/B theory which contain D-branes. We study some of the properties of this theory. In particular, we show that upon toroidal compactification, Wound string theory is U-dual to various Wrapped Brane theories which contain OM theory and the ODp theories as special states. (author)
Minimal constrained supergravity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. Cribiori

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We describe minimal supergravity models where supersymmetry is non-linearly realized via constrained superfields. We show that the resulting actions differ from the so called “de Sitter” supergravities because we consider constraints eliminating directly the auxiliary fields of the gravity multiplet.
Is supergravity well-posed?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isenberg, J.; Bao, D.; Yasskin, P.B.

1983-01-01

One rather fundamental question concerning supergravity remains unresolved: Is supergravity a well-posed field theory? That is, does a set of certain (Cauchy) data specified on some initial spacelike surface determine a unique, causally propagating spacetime solution of the supergravity field equations (at least in some finite neighborhood of the initial surface)? In this paper, the authors give a very brief report on work directed towards answering this question. (Auth.)
Consistent classical supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muller, M.

1989-01-01

This book offers a presentation of both conformal and Poincare supergravity. The consistent four-dimensional supergravity theories are classified. The formulae needed for further modelling are included
Scale invariant Volkov–Akulov supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferrara, S., E-mail: sergio.ferrara@cern.ch [Th-Ph Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); INFN – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 (United States); Porrati, M., E-mail: mp9@nyu.edu [Th-Ph Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); CCPP, Department of Physics, NYU, 4 Washington Pl., New York, NY 10003 (United States); Sagnotti, A., E-mail: sagnotti@sns.it [Th-Ph Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Scuola Normale Superiore and INFN, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa (Italy)

2015-10-07

A scale invariant goldstino theory coupled to supergravity is obtained as a standard supergravity dual of a rigidly scale-invariant higher-curvature supergravity with a nilpotent chiral scalar curvature. The bosonic part of this theory describes a massless scalaron and a massive axion in a de Sitter Universe.
Cochlear Implantation in Patients With Usher Syndrome Type IIa Increases Performance and Quality of Life

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hartel, B.P.; Nierop, J.W.I. van; Huinck, W.J.; Rotteveel, L.J.C.; Mylanus, E.A.M.; Snik, A.F.M.; Kunst, H.P.M.; Pennings, R.J.E.

2017-01-01

OBJECTIVES: Usher syndrome type IIa (USH2a) is characterized by congenital moderate to severe hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa. Hearing rehabilitation starts in early childhood with the application of hearing aids. In some patients with USH2a, severe progression of hearing impairment
Scale invariant Volkov–Akulov supergravity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Ferrara

2015-10-01

Full Text Available A scale invariant goldstino theory coupled to supergravity is obtained as a standard supergravity dual of a rigidly scale-invariant higher-curvature supergravity with a nilpotent chiral scalar curvature. The bosonic part of this theory describes a massless scalaron and a massive axion in a de Sitter Universe.

Massive branes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergshoeff, E.; Ortin, T.

1998-01-01

We investigate the effective world-volume theories of branes in a background given by (the bosonic sector of) 10-dimensional massive IIA supergravity (''''massive branes'''') and their M-theoretic origin. In the case of the solitonic 5-brane of type IIA superstring theory the construction of the Wess-Zumino term in the world-volume action requires a dualization of the massive Neveu-Schwarz/Neveu-Schwarz target space 2-form field. We find that, in general, the effective world-volume theory of massive branes contains new world-volume fields that are absent in the massless case, i.e. when the mass parameter m of massive IIA supergravity is set to zero. We show how these new world-volume fields can be introduced in a systematic way. (orig.)
Supergravity Unification

CERN Document Server

Chamseddine, A H; Nath, Pran; Chamseddine, Ali H.; Nath, Pran

2001-01-01

A review is given of the historical developments of 1982 that lead to the supergravity unified model (SUGRA)with gravity mediated breaking of supersymmetry. Further developments and applications of the model in the period 1982-85 are also discussed. The supergravity unified model and its minimal version (mSUGRA) are currently among the leading candidates for physics beyond the Standard Model. A brief note on the developments from the present vantage point is included.
MYBPH inhibits NM IIA assembly via direct interaction with NMHC IIA and reduces cell motility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hosono, Yasuyuki; Usukura, Jiro; Yamaguchi, Tomoya; Yanagisawa, Kiyoshi; Suzuki, Motoshi; Takahashi, Takashi

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► MYBPH inhibits NMHC IIA assembly and cell motility. ► MYBPH interacts to assembly-competent NM IIA. ► MYBPH inhibits RLC and NMHC IIA, independent components of NM IIA. -- Abstract: Actomyosin filament assembly is a critical step in tumor cell migration. We previously found that myosin binding protein H (MYBPH) is directly transactivated by the TTF-1 lineage-survival oncogene in lung adenocarcinomas and inhibits phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) of non-muscle myosin IIA (NM IIA) via direct interaction with Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1). Here, we report that MYBPH also directly interacts with an additional molecule, non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC IIA), which was found to occur between MYBPH and the rod portion of NMHC IIA. MYBPH inhibited NMHC IIA assembly and reduced cell motility. Conversely, siMYBPH-induced increased motility was partially, yet significantly, suppressed by blebbistatin, a non-muscle myosin II inhibitor, while more profound effects were attained by combined treatment with siROCK1 and blebbistatin. Electron microscopy observations showed well-ordered paracrystals of NMHC IIA reflecting an assembled state, which were significantly less frequently observed in the presence of MYBPH. Furthermore, an in vitro sedimentation assay showed that a greater amount of NMHC IIA was in an unassembled state in the presence of MYBPH. Interestingly, treatment with a ROCK inhibitor that impairs transition of NM IIA from an assembly-incompetent to assembly-competent state reduced the interaction between MYBPH and NMHC IIA, suggesting that MYBPH has higher affinity to assembly-competent NM IIA. These results suggest that MYBPH inhibits RLC and NMHC IIA, independent components of NM IIA, and negatively regulates actomyosin organization at 2 distinct steps, resulting in firm inhibition of NM IIA assembly.
Higher curvature supergravity and cosmology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferrara, Sergio [Th-Ph Department, CERN, Geneva (Switzerland); U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, CA (United States); INFN - LNF, Frascati (Italy); Sagnotti, Augusto [Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (Italy); INFN, Pisa (Italy)

2016-04-15

In this contribution we describe dual higher-derivative formulations of some cosmological models based on supergravity. Work in this direction started with the R + R{sup 2} Starobinsky model, whose supersymmetric extension was derived in the late 80's and was recently revived in view of new CMB data. Models dual to higher-derivative theories are subject to more restrictions than their bosonic counterparts or standard supergravity. The three sections are devoted to a brief description of R + R{sup 2} supergravity, to a scale invariant R{sup 2} supergravity and to theories with a nilpotent curvature, whose duals describe non-linear realizations (in the form of a Volkov-Akulov constrained superfield) coupled to supergravity. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A short review of supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scherk, J.

1980-01-01

The perennial question: 'Why fermions' finally answered. A dictionnary of Superwords. The Superalgebras used by Supersymmetrists. The representations of the Super Poincare algebra. What is Super about Supergravity. Extra spatial dimensions and Supergravity. Physical content of the N=8 model. General features of a Supersymmetric World. Antigravity and Supergravity: a crazy idea. Conclusion left to a well-known physicist
R{sup 2} supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferrara, Sergio [Physics Department, Theory Unit, CERN,CH 1211, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati,Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 (United States); Kehagias, Alex [Physics Division, National Technical University of Athens,15780 Zografou, Athens (Greece); Porrati, Massimo [Physics Department, Theory Unit, CERN,CH 1211, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); CCPP, Department of Physics,NYU 4 Washington Pl. New York NY 10003 (United States)

2015-08-03

We formulate R{sup 2} pure supergravity as a scale invariant theory built only in terms of superfields describing the geometry of curved superspace. The standard supergravity duals are obtained in both “old' and “new' minimal formulations of auxiliary fields. These theories have massless fields in de Sitter space as they do in their non supersymmetric counterpart. Remarkably, the dual theory of R{sup 2} supergravity in the new minimal formulation is an extension of the Freedman model, describing a massless gauge field and a massless chiral multiplet in de Sitter space, with inverse radius proportional to the Fayet-Iliopoulos term. This model can be interpreted as the “de-Higgsed' phase of the dual companion theory of R+R{sup 2} supergravity.
Focal cortical dysplasia type IIa and IIb: MRI aspects in 118 cases proven by histopathology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colombo, Nadia; Citterio, Alberto [Ospedale Ca Granda Niguarda, Department of Neuroradiology, Milano (Italy); Tassi, Laura; Mai, Roberto; Sartori, Ivana; Cardinale, Francesco; Lo Russo, Giorgio [Ospedale Niguarda, Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Milano (Italy); Deleo, Francesco; Spreafico, Roberto [IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute ' ' C. Besta' ' , Department of Epilepsy Clinic and Experimental Neurophysiology, Milano (Italy); Bramerio, Manuela [Ospedale Niguarda, Department of Pathology, Milano (Italy)

2012-10-15

This study aims to review the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aspects of a large series of patients with focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD II) and attempt to identify distinctive features in the two histopathological subtypes IIa and IIb. We retrospectively reviewed the MRI scans of 118 patients with histological proven FCD IIa (n = 37) or IIb (n = 81) who were surgically treated for intractable epilepsy. MRI was abnormal in 93 patients (79 %) and unremarkable in 25 (21 %). A dysplastic lesion was identified in 90 cases (97 %) and classified as FCD II in 83 and FCD non-II in seven cases. In three cases, the MRI diagnosis was other than FCD. There was a significant association between the presence of cortical thickening (p = 0.002) and the ''transmantle sign'' (p < 0.001) and a correct MRI diagnosis of FCD II. MRI positivity was more frequent in the patients with FCD IIb than in those with FCD IIa (91 % vs. 51 %), and the detection rate of FCD II was also better in the patients with type IIb (88 % vs. 32 %). The transmantle sign was significantly more frequent in the IIb subgroup (p = 0.003). The rates of abnormal MRI results and correct MRI diagnoses of FCD II were significantly higher in the IIb subgroup. Although other MRI stigmata may contribute to the diagnosis, the only significant correlation was between the transmantle sign and FCD IIb. (orig.)
Supersymmetry and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wess, J.; Bagger, J.

1992-01-01

The first edition of this book appeared in 1983 and was based on a series of lectures given at Princeton in 1983 by Julius Wess. Since the appearance of the first edition much work has been done on the development of phenomenological models of particle behavior based on the supergravity multiplet. Some experimental searches have been carried out and others are planned for the future. For this reason the second edition of the book goes substantially beyond the first. Six new chapters have been added for a total of twenty-six and five new appendices for a total of seven. The new chapters and appendices are primarily aimed at deriving the most general supersymmetric gauge invariant theory of chiral fields interacting with supergravity and expressing it in component form. The book is divided into three sections. After a brief introduction, the first part of the book deals with a description of N=1 supersymmetric non-abelian rigid gauge theory of chiral fields. The second part of the book develops a local supersymmetric theory which is supergravity. The final part describes the coupling of supersymmetric chiral fields to supergravity in a gauge invariant way. The book may be recommended as a pedagogical introduction to the theory of N=1 supergravity. Together with the appendices is is completely self-contained, both in notation and in the concepts used, requiring only some knowledge of field theory as a background
Supersymmetry, supergravity, and unification

CERN Document Server

Nath, Pran

2017-01-01

This unique book gives a modern account of particle physics and gravity based on supersymmetry and supergravity, two of the most significant developments in theoretical physics since general relativity. The book begins with a brief overview of the history of unification and then goes into a detailed exposition of both fundamental and phenomenological topics. The topics in fundamental physics include Einstein gravity, Yang-Mills theory, anomalies, the standard model, supersymmetry and supergravity, and the construction of supergravity couplings with matter and gauge fields, as well as computational techniques for SO(10) couplings. The topics of phenomenological interest include implications of supergravity models at colliders, CP violation, and proton stability, as well as topics in cosmology such as inflation, leptogenesis, baryogenesis, and dark matter. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers seeking to master the techniques for building grand unified models.
Covariant field equations in supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vanhecke, Bram [KU Leuven, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leuven (Belgium); Ghent University, Faculty of Physics, Gent (Belgium); Proeyen, Antoine van [KU Leuven, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leuven (Belgium)

2017-12-15

Covariance is a useful property for handling supergravity theories. In this paper, we prove a covariance property of supergravity field equations: under reasonable conditions, field equations of supergravity are covariant modulo other field equations. We prove that for any supergravity there exist such covariant equations of motion, other than the regular equations of motion, that are equivalent to the latter. The relations that we find between field equations and their covariant form can be used to obtain multiplets of field equations. In practice, the covariant field equations are easily found by simply covariantizing the ordinary field equations. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Covariant field equations in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vanhecke, Bram; Proeyen, Antoine van

2017-01-01

Covariance is a useful property for handling supergravity theories. In this paper, we prove a covariance property of supergravity field equations: under reasonable conditions, field equations of supergravity are covariant modulo other field equations. We prove that for any supergravity there exist such covariant equations of motion, other than the regular equations of motion, that are equivalent to the latter. The relations that we find between field equations and their covariant form can be used to obtain multiplets of field equations. In practice, the covariant field equations are easily found by simply covariantizing the ordinary field equations. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Supergravity solitons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aichelburg, P.C.; Embacher, F.

1987-01-01

In previous work solitons of N = 2 supergravity were described as test particles in an external supergravity field. In the present paper we derive the effective interaction of two solitons by inserting a classical soliton configuration for the background into the Lagrangian and apply a slow-motion and large-distance approximation. We obtain the interaction potential to lowest order that incorporates the effect of the supercharge. The resulting classical system is quantized and, as a final step, an effective quantum field theory is formulated. (Author)
3D gauged supergravity from SU(2) reduction of $N=1$ 6D supergravity

CERN Document Server

Gava, Edi; Narain, K S

2010-01-01

We obtain Yang-Mills $SU(2)\\times G$ gauged supergravity in three dimensions from $SU(2)$ group manifold reduction of (1,0) six dimensional supergravity coupled to an anti-symmetric tensor multiplet and gauge vector multiplets in the adjoint of $G$. The reduced theory is consistently truncated to $N=4$ 3D supergravity coupled to $4(1+\\textrm{dim}\\, G)$ bosonic and $4(1+\\textrm{dim}\\, G)$ fermionic propagating degrees of freedom. This is in contrast to the reduction in which there are also massive vector fields. The scalar manifold is $\\mathbf{R}\\times \\frac{SO(3,\\, \\textrm{dim}\\, G)}{SO(3)\\times SO(\\textrm{dim}\\, G)}$, and there is a $SU(2)\\times G$ gauge group. We then construct $N=4$ Chern-Simons $(SO(3)\\ltimes \\mathbf{R}^3)\\times (G\\ltimes \\mathbf{R}^{\\textrm{dim}G})$ three dimensional gauged supergravity with scalar manifold $\\frac{SO(4,\\,1+\\textrm{dim}G)}{SO(4)\\times SO(1+\\textrm{dim}G)}$ and explicitly show that this theory is on-shell equivalent to the Yang-Mills $SO(3)\\times G$ gauged supergravity the...
Analysis of the type II-A CRISPR-Cas system of Streptococcus agalactiae reveals distinctive features according to genetic lineages

Science.gov (United States)

Lier, Clément; Baticle, Elodie; Horvath, Philippe; Haguenoer, Eve; Valentin, Anne-Sophie; Glaser, Philippe; Mereghetti, Laurent; Lanotte, Philippe

2015-01-01

CRISPR-Cas systems (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) are found in 90% of archaea and about 40% of bacteria. In this original system, CRISPR arrays comprise short, almost unique sequences called spacers that are interspersed with conserved palindromic repeats. These systems play a role in adaptive immunity and participate to fight non-self DNA such as integrative and conjugative elements, plasmids, and phages. In Streptococcus agalactiae, a bacterium implicated in colonization and infections in humans since the 1960s, two CRISPR-Cas systems have been described. A type II-A system, characterized by proteins Cas9, Cas1, Cas2, and Csn2, is ubiquitous, and a type I–C system, with the Cas8c signature protein, is present in about 20% of the isolates. Unlike type I–C, which appears to be non-functional, type II-A appears fully functional. Here we studied type II-A CRISPR-cas loci from 126 human isolates of S. agalactiae belonging to different clonal complexes that represent the diversity of the species and that have been implicated in colonization or infection. The CRISPR-cas locus was analyzed both at spacer and repeat levels. Major distinctive features were identified according to the phylogenetic lineages previously defined by multilocus sequence typing, especially for the sequence type (ST) 17, which is considered hypervirulent. Among other idiosyncrasies, ST-17 shows a significantly lower number of spacers in comparison with other lineages. This characteristic could reflect the peculiar virulence or colonization specificities of this lineage. PMID:26124774
Influence of fast and slow alkali myosin light chain isoforms on the kinetics of stretch-induced force transients of fast-twitch type IIA fibres of rat.

Science.gov (United States)

Andruchov, Oleg; Galler, Stefan

2008-03-01

This study contributes to understand the physiological role of slow myosin light chain isoforms in fast-twitch type IIA fibres of skeletal muscle. These isoforms are often attached to the myosin necks of rat type IIA fibres, whereby the slow alkali myosin light chain isoform MLC1s is much more frequent and abundant than the slow regulatory myosin light chain isoform MLC2s. In the present study, single-skinned rat type IIA fibres were maximally Ca(2+) activated and subjected to stepwise stretches for causing a perturbation of myosin head pulling cycles. From the time course of the resulting force transients, myosin head kinetics was deduced. Fibres containing MLC1s exhibited slower kinetics independently of the presence or absence of MLC2s. At the maximal MLC1s concentration of about 75%, the slowing was about 40%. The slowing effect of MLC1s is possibly due to differences in the myosin heavy chain binding sites of the fast and slow alkali MLC isoforms, which changes the rigidity of the myosin neck. Compared with the impact of myosin heavy chain isoforms in various fast-twitch fibre types, the influence of MLC1s on myosin head kinetics of type IIA fibres is much smaller. In conclusion, the physiological role of fast and slow MLC isoforms in type IIA fibres is a fine-tuning of the myosin head kinetics.
Precision holography for N={2}^{\\ast } on S 4 from type IIB supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Bobev, Nikolay; Gautason, Friðrik Freyr; van Muiden, Jesse

2018-04-01

We find a new supersymmetric solution of type IIB supergravity which is holographically dual to the planar limit of the four-dimensional N={2}^{\\ast } supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on S 4. We study a probe fundamental string in this background which is dual to a supersymmetric Wilson loop in the N={2}^{\\ast } theory. Using holography we calculate the expectation value of this line operator to leading order in the 't Hooft coupling. The result is a non-trivial function of the mass parameter of the N={2}^{\\ast } theory that precisely matches the result from supersymmetric localization.
Asymptomatic freedom in renormalisable gravity and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fradkin, E.S.; Tseytlin, A.A.

1984-01-01

This chapter demonstrates that renormalizable supergravity, which is a superextension of renormalizable quantum gravity, can be the basis for a natural ''induced supergravity'' theory. A perturbatively operational unified theory is needed for a description of the early stages of the Universe, and renormalizable quantum gravity is well suited for unification with the renormalizable Grand Unified Models of matter. Topics considered include one-loop counter-terms and renormalization group (RG) equations for pure renormalizable gravity; the consequences of asymptotic freedom; the inclusion of matter; conformal supergravities; and renormalizable supergravity models. It is concluded that the presented lagrangian, which contains a locally superconformal extension of the Yang-Mills and massless spinor lagrangians and the conformal supergravity term, shows that conformal supergravity may play an important role in a fundamental theory
Classical solutions in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baaklini, N.S.; Ferrara, S.; Nieuwenhuizen Van, P.

1977-06-01

Classical solutions of supergravity are obtained by making finite global supersymmetry rotation on known solutions of the field equations of the bosonic sector. The Schwarzschild and the Reissner-Nordstoem solutions of general relativity are extended to various supergravity systems and the modification to the perihelion precession of planets is discussed
HPHT growth and x-ray characterization of high-quality type IIa diamond.

Science.gov (United States)

Burns, R C; Chumakov, A I; Connell, S H; Dube, D; Godfried, H P; Hansen, J O; Härtwig, J; Hoszowska, J; Masiello, F; Mkhonza, L; Rebak, M; Rommevaux, A; Setshedi, R; Van Vaerenbergh, P

2009-09-09

The trend in synchrotron radiation (x-rays) is towards higher brilliance. This may lead to a very high power density, of the order of hundreds of watts per square millimetre at the x-ray optical elements. These elements are, typically, windows, polarizers, filters and monochromators. The preferred material for Bragg diffracting optical elements at present is silicon, which can be grown to a very high crystal perfection and workable size as well as rather easily processed to the required surface quality. This allows x-ray optical elements to be built with a sufficient degree of lattice perfection and crystal processing that they may preserve transversal coherence in the x-ray beam. This is important for the new techniques which include phase-sensitive imaging experiments like holo-tomography, x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, coherent diffraction imaging and nanofocusing. Diamond has a lower absorption coefficient than silicon, a better thermal conductivity and lower thermal expansion coefficient which would make it the preferred material if the crystal perfection (bulk and surface) could be improved. Synthetic HPHT-grown (high pressure, high temperature) type Ib material can readily be produced in the necessary sizes of 4-8 mm square and with a nitrogen content of typically a few hundred parts per million. This material has applications in the less demanding roles such as phase plates: however, in a coherence-preserving beamline, where all elements must be of the same high quality, its quality is far from sufficient. Advances in HPHT synthesis methods have allowed the growth of type IIa diamond crystals of the same size as type Ib, but with substantially lower nitrogen content. Characterization of this high purity type IIa material has been carried out with the result that the crystalline (bulk) perfection of some of the HPHT-grown materials is approaching the quality required for the more demanding applications such as imaging applications and imaging
Higher Curvature Supergravity, Supersymmetry Breaking and Inflation

CERN Document Server

Ferrara, Sergio

2017-01-01

In these lectures, after a short introduction to cosmology, we discuss the supergravity embedding of higher curvature models of inflation. The supergravity description of such models is presented for the two different formulations of minimal supergravity.

On maximal massive 3D supergravity

OpenAIRE

Bergshoeff , Eric A; Hohm , Olaf; Rosseel , Jan; Townsend , Paul K

2010-01-01

ABSTRACT We construct, at the linearized level, the three-dimensional (3D) N = 4 supersymmetric " general massive supergravity " and the maximally supersymmetric N = 8 " new massive supergravity ". We also construct the maximally supersymmetric linearized N = 7 topologically massive supergravity, although we expect N = 6 to be maximal at the non-linear level. (Bergshoeff, Eric A) (Hohm, Olaf) (Rosseel, Jan) P.K.Townsend@da...
From supergravity to antigravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scherk, J.

1979-01-01

All known extended supergravity models are shown to lead to a short range cancellation of the gravitational attraction between pairs of particles, a phenomenon known by the name 'Antigravity'. A phenomenological model of antigravity based on supergravity models is proposed where the carrier of the antigravitational force is a spin 1 particle (graviphoton). (Auth.)
Supergravity field theories and the art of constructing them

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freedman, D.Z.

1977-01-01

The review of supergravity field theories includes global supersymmetry, supergravity, extended supergravity, minimal gauge coupling for spin-3/2 fields, and the general strategy of supergravity constructions. 39 references
An N=2 gauge theory and its supergravity dual

CERN Document Server

Brandhuber, A

2000-01-01

We study flows on the scalar manifold of N=8 gauged supergravity in five dimensions which are dual to certain mass deformations of N=4 super Yang-Mill theory. In particular, we consider a perturbation of the gauge theory by a mass term for the adjoint hyper-multiplet, giving rise to an N=2 theory. The exact solution of the 5-dim gauged supergravity equations of motion is found and the metric is uplifted to a ten-dimensional background of type-IIB supergravity. Using these geometric data and the AdS/CFT correspondence we analyze the spectra of certain operators as well as Wilson loops on the dual gauge theory side. The physical flows are parametrized by a single non-positive constant and describe part of the Coulomb branch of the N=2 theory at strong coupling.
Applied supersymmetry and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanopoulos, D.V.

1986-01-01

The structure and physical consequences of global and local supersymmetric (SUSY) gauge theories are reviewed. Motivation for SUSY theories, supersymmetry and its physical properties, the observable consequences of SUSY at low energies and super-high energies, physical structure of simple (N=1) supergravity, physics with simple (N=1) supergravity, and the experimental evidence for supersymmetry, are all discussed. (UK)
Constrained superfields in supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dall’Agata, Gianguido; Farakos, Fotis [Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy)

2016-02-16

We analyze constrained superfields in supergravity. We investigate the consistency and solve all known constraints, presenting a new class that may have interesting applications in the construction of inflationary models. We provide the superspace Lagrangians for minimal supergravity models based on them and write the corresponding theories in component form using a simplifying gauge for the goldstino couplings.
Scattering equations, supergravity integrands, and pure spinors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adamo, Tim; Casali, Eduardo [Department of Applied Mathematics & Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA (United Kingdom)

2015-05-25

The tree-level S-matrix of type II supergravity can be computed in scattering equation form by correlators in a worldsheet theory analogous to a chiral, infinite tension limit of the pure spinor formalism. By defining a non-minimal version of this theory, we give a prescription for computing correlators on higher genus worldsheets which manifest space-time supersymmetry. These correlators are conjectured to provide the loop integrands of supergravity scattering amplitudes, supported on the scattering equations. We give non-trivial evidence in support of this conjecture at genus one and two with four external states. Throughout, we find a close correspondence with the pure spinor formalism of superstring theory, particularly regarding regulators and zero-mode counting.
Scattering equations, supergravity integrands, and pure spinors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adamo, Tim; Casali, Eduardo

2015-01-01

The tree-level S-matrix of type II supergravity can be computed in scattering equation form by correlators in a worldsheet theory analogous to a chiral, infinite tension limit of the pure spinor formalism. By defining a non-minimal version of this theory, we give a prescription for computing correlators on higher genus worldsheets which manifest space-time supersymmetry. These correlators are conjectured to provide the loop integrands of supergravity scattering amplitudes, supported on the scattering equations. We give non-trivial evidence in support of this conjecture at genus one and two with four external states. Throughout, we find a close correspondence with the pure spinor formalism of superstring theory, particularly regarding regulators and zero-mode counting.
Background metric in supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoneya, T.

1978-01-01

In supergravity theories, we investigate the conformal anomaly of the path-integral determinant and the problem of fermion zero modes in the presence of a nontrivial background metric. Except in SO(3) -invariant supergravity, there are nonvanishing conformal anomalies. As a consequence, amplitudes around the nontrivial background metric contain unpredictable arbitrariness. The fermion zero modes which are explicitly constructed for the Euclidean Schwarzschild metric are interpreted as an indication of the supersymmetric multiplet structure of a black hole. The degree of degeneracy of a black hole is 2/sup 4n/ in SO(n) supergravity
Supergravity and field space democracy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gayduk, A.V.; Romanov, V.N.; Schwarz, A.S.

1980-01-01

Supergravity is presented in which field and space variables are on an equal footing. The action functional of supergravity is characterized as the functional, defined on the space of (4,4)-dimensional submanifolds of complex (4,2)-dimensional superspace, which is invariant with respect to supervolume preserving analytic transformations. It is shown how the Lagrangian of the supergravity in the Ogievetsky-Sokatchev form can be obtained by means of this characterization and describe natural multi-dimensional generalizations of this Lagrangian. These generalizations are based on the notion of perfect action functional
Coupling brane fields to bulk supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parameswaran, Susha L. [Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Theoretical Physics; Schmidt, Jonas [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)

2010-12-15

In this note we present a simple, general prescription for coupling brane localized fields to bulk supergravity. We illustrate the procedure by considering 6D N=2 bulk supergravity on a 2D orbifold, with brane fields localized at the fixed points. The resulting action enjoys the full 6D N=2 symmetries in the bulk, and those of 4D N=1 supergravity at the brane positions. (orig.)
Anti-de Sitter black holes in gauged supergravity. Supergravity flow, thermodynamics and phase transitions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Toldo, C.

2014-01-01

This thesis is devoted to the analysis of asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes arising as solutions of theories of gauged Supergravity in four spacetime dimensions. After a brief recap of the main features of gauged supergravity, the first part of the thesis deals with the explicit
Structure of a supergravity group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ogievetsky, V.; Sokatchev, E.

1978-01-01

The supergravity group is found to be the direct product of general covariance groups in complex conjugated left and right handed superspaces. The ordinary space-time coordinate and the axial gravitational superfield are the real and imaginary parts of the complex coordinate, respectively. It is pointed out that a number of questions concerning the formalism remains open. For instance how to define superfields with external indices, supercovariant derivatives and invariants of the group, etc. However, the extremely simple and clear geometrical picture of the supergravity group given here will provide an adequate basis for the supergravity theory
One-loop infinities in dimensionally reduced supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fradkin, E.S.; Tseytlin, A.A.

1983-11-01

It is proved explicitly in the paper that d=4 theory following via reduction from N=1, d=10 supergravities is not finite at one loop while the version of N=8 supergravity directly following from N=1, d=11 theory is one-loop finite. The method used is based on quantization of initial higher dimensional theory as a first step. The results also suggest possible existence of non-standard (higher N) d>4 supergravities which reduce to d=4 theories with finite N=8 supergravity sector. (author)
Supersymmetry and supergravity: Phenomenology and grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arnowitt, R.; Nath, P.

1993-01-01

A survey is given of supersymmetry and supergravity and their phenomenology. Some of the topics discussed are the basic ideas of global supersymmetry, the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and its phenomenology, the basic ideas of local supersymmetry (supergravity), grand unification, supersymmetry breaking in supergravity grand unified models, radiative breaking of SU(2) x U(1), proton decay, cosmological constraints, and predictions of supergravity grand unified models. While the number of detailed derivations are necessarily limited, a sufficient number of results are given so that a reader can get a working knowledge of this field
Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lue, H; Pope, C N; Sezgin, E

2004-01-01

N = (1, 0) supergravity in six dimensions admits AdS 3 x S 3 as a vacuum solution. We extend our recent results presented in Lue et al (2002 Preprint hep-th/0212323), by obtaining the complete N = 4 Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons supergravity in D = 3, up to quartic fermion terms, by S 3 group manifold reduction of the six-dimensional theory. The SU(2) gauge fields have Yang-Mills kinetic terms as well as topological Chern-Simons mass terms. There is in addition a triplet of matter vectors. After diagonalization, these fields describe two triplets of topologically-massive vector fields of opposite helicities. The model also contains six scalars, described by a GL(3, R)/SO(3) sigma model. It provides the first example of a three-dimensional gauged supergravity that can be obtained by a consistent reduction of string theory or M-theory and that admits AdS 3 as a vacuum solution. There are unusual features in the reduction from six-dimensional supergravity, owing to the self-duality condition on the 3-form field. The structure of the full equations of motion in N = (1, 0) supergravity in D = 6 is also elucidated, and the role of the self-dual field strength as torsion is exhibited
Geometric transitions, flops and non-Kahler manifolds: I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becker, Melanie; Dasgupta, Keshav; Knauf, Anke; Tatar, Radu

2004-01-01

We construct a duality cycle which provides a complete supergravity description of geometric transitions in type II theories via a flop in M-theory. This cycle connects the different supergravity descriptions before and after the geometric transitions. Our construction reproduces many of the known phenomena studied earlier in the literature and allows us to describe some new and interesting aspects in a simple and elegant fashion. A precise supergravity description of new torsional manifolds that appear on the type IIA side with branes and fluxes and the corresponding geometric transition are obtained. A local description of new G2 manifolds that are circle fibrations over non-Kahler manifolds is presented
Some no-go theorems for string duals of non-relativistic Lifshitz-like theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Wei; Takayanagi, Tadashi; Nishioka, Tatsuma

2009-01-01

We study possibilities of string theory embeddings of the gravity duals for non-relativistic Lifshitz-like theories with anisotropic scale invariance. We search classical solutions in type IIA and eleven-dimensional supergravities which are expected to be dual to (2+1)-dimensional Lifshitz-like theories. Under reasonable ansaetze, we prove that such gravity duals in the supergravities are not possible. We also discuss a possible physical reason behind this.
Domain-induced activation of human phospholipase A₂ type IIA: Local versus global lipid composition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Leidy, C.; Linderoth, L.; Andresen, T.L.

2006-01-01

, we show that local enrichment of anionic lipids into fluid domains triggers PLA(2)-IIA activity. In addition, the compositional range of enzyme activity is shown to be related to the underlying lipid phase diagram. A comparison is done between PLA(2)-IIA and snake venom PLA(2), which in contrast...... to PLA(2)-IIA hydrolyzes both anionic and zwitterionic membranes. In general, this work shows that PLA(2)-IIA activation can be accomplished through local enrichment of anionic lipids into domains, indicating a mechanism for PLA(2)-IIA to target perturbed native membranes with low global anionic lipid...
Impacts of supersymmetric higher derivative terms on inflation models in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoki, Shuntaro; Yamada, Yusuke

2015-01-01

We show the effects of supersymmetric higher derivative terms on inflation models in supergravity. The results show that such terms generically modify the effective kinetic coefficient of the inflaton during inflation if the cut off scale of the higher derivative operators is sufficiently small. In such a case, the η-problem in supergravity does not occur, and we find that the effective potential of the inflaton generically becomes a power type potential with a power smaller than two

Non-perturbative scalar potential inspired by type IIA strings on rigid CY

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alexandrov, Sergei [Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221, CNRS-Université de Montpellier,F-34095, Montpellier (France); Ketov, Sergei V. [Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University,1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397 (Japan); Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), The University of Tokyo,Chiba 277-8568 (Japan); Institute of Physics and Technology, Tomsk Polytechnic University,30 Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050 (Russian Federation); Wakimoto, Yuki [Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University,1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397 (Japan)

2016-11-10

Motivated by a class of flux compactifications of type IIA strings on rigid Calabi-Yau manifolds, preserving N=2 local supersymmetry in four dimensions, we derive a non-perturbative potential of all scalar fields from the exact D-instanton corrected metric on the hypermultiplet moduli space. Applying this potential to moduli stabilization, we find a discrete set of exact vacua for axions. At these critical points, the stability problem is decoupled into two subspaces spanned by the axions and the other fields (dilaton and Kähler moduli), respectively. Whereas the stability of the axions is easily achieved, numerical analysis shows instabilities in the second subspace.
Unified Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories in five dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guenaydin, Murat; Zagermann, Marco

2003-01-01

Unified N = 2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories (MESGTs) are supergravity theories in which all the vector fields, including the graviphoton, transform in an irreducible representation of a simple global symmetry group of the Lagrangian. As was established long time ago, in five dimensions there exist only four unified Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories whose target manifolds are symmetric spaces. These theories are defined by the four simple euclidean Jordan algebras of degree three. In this paper, we show that, in addition to these four unified MESGTs with symmetric target spaces, there exist three infinite families of unified MESGTs as well as another exceptional one. These novel unified MESGTs are defined by non-compact (minkowskian) Jordan algebras, and their target spaces are in general neither symmetric nor homogeneous. The members of one of these three infinite families can be gauged in such a way as to obtain an infinite family of unified N = 2 Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories, in which all vector fields transform in the adjoint representation of a simple gauge group of the type SU(N,1). The corresponding gaugings in the other two infinite families lead to Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories coupled to tensor multiplets. (author)
Introduction to supersymmetry and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

West, P.

1986-01-01

This book gives views of supersymmetry and supergravity. The contents include; alternative approach to supersymmetry algebra; immediate consequences of supersymmetry algebra; Wess-Zumino model. N=1 Super QED. N=1 super Yang Mills theory and the Noether procedure; irreducible representations of supersymmetry; invariance of simple supergravity and theories of extended rigid supersymmetry
Vacuum state supersymmetry in d=11 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasilevich, D.V.

1987-01-01

Supersymmetry of vacuum state in d=11 supergravity is considered. Proceeding on sufficiently general assumptions relatively superformation parameter only Freud-Rubin type solutions may possess supersymmetries. To obtain this result no restrictions on the form of superformation parameter, supealgebra of vacuum global supersymmetry and the form of boson fields were imposed
Asymptotic freedom in extended conformal supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fradkin, E.S.; Tseytlin, A.A.

1982-01-01

We present the calculation of the one-loop β-function in extended conformal supergravities. N = 1, 2, 3 theories (free or coupled to the Einstein supergravities) are found to the asymptotically free (like the N = 0 Weyl theory) while the N = 4 theory becomes finite under some plausible hypothesis. The results support the possibility to solve the problem of ghosts in these theories. The obtained sequence of SU(N) β-functions appears to be in remarkable correspondence with that for gauged O(N) supergravity theories. (orig.)
Flatspace chiral supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Bagchi, Arjun; Basu, Rudranil; Detournary, Stéphane; Parekh, Pulastya

2018-05-01

We propose a holographic duality between a 2 dimensional (2d) chiral superconformal field theory and a certain theory of supergravity in 3d with flatspace boundary conditions that is obtained as a double scaling limit of a parity breaking theory of supergravity. We show how the asymptotic symmetries of the bulk theory reduce from the "despotic" super Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra (or equivalently the inhomogeneous super Galilean conformal algebra) to a single copy of the super-Virasoro algebra in this limit and also reproduce the same reduction from a study of null vectors in the putative 2d dual field theory.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in N=3 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zinov'ev, Yu.M.

1986-01-01

The possibility of the spontaneous symmetry breaking without a cosmological term in N=3 supergravity is investigated. A new, dual version of N=3 supergravity - U(3)-supergravity is constructed. Such a theory is shown to admit a spontaneous supersymmetry breaking without a cosmological term and with three arbitrary scales, including partial super-Higgs effect N=3 → N=2 and N=3 → N=1
Geometric construction of extended supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kostelecky, V.A.

1982-01-01

This work describes the explict construction of the locally SO(4)-invariant, on-shell de Sitter supergravity. First, aspects of classical differential geometry used in the construction of local gauge theories are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on fiber bundles and their uses in Yang-Mills and Einstein theories. Next, the extension of the formalism to differential supergeometry is outlined. Applications to extended supergravities are discussed. Finally, the O(4) deSitter supergravity is obtained by considering a bundle of frames constructed using the orthosymplectic superalgebra osp(4/4). The structure group of this bundle is Sl(2C) x SO(4) and the tangent space to the base supermanifold is homeomorphic to the coset osp(4/4)/sl(2C) x so(4). Constraints taken into the Bianchi identifies yield a realization of the superalgebra in the function space of connections, vielbeins, curvatures and torsions of the bundle. Auxiliary fields, transformation laws and equations of motion are determined. Consistency of the realization is verified, proving closure of the algebra. The associated Poincare supergravity is obtained by a contraction
A superstring field theory for supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Reid-Edwards, R. A.; Riccombeni, D. A.

2017-09-01

A covariant closed superstring field theory, equivalent to classical tendimensional Type II supergravity, is presented. The defining conformal field theory is the ambitwistor string worldsheet theory of Mason and Skinner. This theory is known to reproduce the scattering amplitudes of Cachazo, He and Yuan in which the scattering equations play an important role and the string field theory naturally incorporates these results. We investigate the operator formalism description of the ambitwsitor string and propose an action for the string field theory of the bosonic and supersymmetric theories. The correct linearised gauge symmetries and spacetime actions are explicitly reproduced and evidence is given that the action is correct to all orders. The focus is on the NeveuSchwarz sector and the explicit description of tree level perturbation theory about flat spacetime. Application of the string field theory to general supergravity backgrounds and the inclusion of the Ramond sector are briefly discussed.
N=2 no-scale supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Itoyama, H.; McLerran, L.; Taylor, T.R.; Van der Bij, J.J.

1987-01-12

N=2 extended supergravity is discussed and an assessment is made of the problems encountered in applying it to the construction of phenomenological models of particle physics. A specific class of so-called no-scale models is discussed, in which the two supersymmetries are spontaneously broken in flat space-time, with naturally vanishing cosmological constant and the symmetry breaking undetermined at the classical level. Supergravity-induced supersymmetry breaking generates effective mass terms for spin-1/2 components of the vector gauge multiplets and spin-0 components of the scalar matter multiplets. For finite globally supersymmetric models, this supersymmetry breaking preserves the finiteness. Possible connections of N=2 no-scale supergravity with superstrings and finite range antigravity are mentioned.
N=2 no-scale supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itoyama, H.; McLerran, L.; Taylor, T.R.; Van der Bij, J.J.

1987-01-01

N=2 extended supergravity is discussed and an assessment is made of the problems encountered in applying it to the construction of phenomenological models of particle physics. A specific class of so-called no-scale models is discussed, in which the two supersymmetries are spontaneously broken in flat space-time, with naturally vanishing cosmological constant and the symmetry breaking undetermined at the classical level. Supergravity-induced supersymmetry breaking generates effective mass terms for spin-1/2 components of the vector gauge multiplets and spin-0 components of the scalar matter multiplets. For finite globally supersymmetric models, this supersymmetry breaking preserves the finiteness. Possible connections of N=2 no-scale supergravity with superstrings and finite range antigravity are mentioned. (orig.)
Studies in gravity and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castellani, L.

1981-01-01

The canonical treatment for theories with local gauge invariances is reviewed and an algorithm for the construction of all the gauge generators is found. This algorithm is then applied to Yang-Mills theories and to (metric) gravity. The first part of the work is concluded with a complete treatment of hamiltonian first order tetrad gravity. In the second part, the geometrical aspects of (super)gravity theories are concentrated on. After an interlude with path integrals in curved space (equivalence is shown with canonical quantization), N = 2 supergravity in superspace, and conformal supergravity in the group manifold scenario are studied. A progress report is added, regarding a study on higher divergences in quantum field theory
C-deformation of supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hatanaka, Tomoya; Ketov, Sergei V

2006-01-01

A four-dimensional supergravity toy model in an arbitrary self-dual gravi-photon background is constructed in Euclidean space, by freezing out the gravi-photon field strength in the standard N = (1, 1) extended supergravity with two non-chiral gravitini. Our model has local N = (1/2, 0) supersymmetry. Consistency of the model requires the background gravi-photon field strength to be equal to the self-dual (bilinear) anti-chiral gravitino condensate. (letter to the editor)
Analysis of tanshinone IIA induced cellular apoptosis in leukemia cells by genome-wide expression profiling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liu Chang

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA is a diterpene quinone extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a Chinese traditional herb. Although previous studies have reported the anti-tumor effects of Tan IIA on various human cancer cells, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The current study was undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Tan IIA's apoptotic effects on leukemia cells in vitro. Methods The cytotoxicity of Tan IIA on different types of leukemia cell lines was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5]-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay on cells treated without or with Tan IIA at different concentrations for different time periods. Cellular apoptosis progression with and without Tan IIA treatment was analyzed by Annexin V and Caspase 3 assays. Gene expression profiling was used to identify the genes regulated after Tan IIA treatment and those differentially expressed among the five cell lines. Confirmation of these expression regulations was carried out using real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA. The antagonizing effect of a PXR inhibitor L-SFN on Tan IIA treatment was tested using Colony Forming Unit Assay. Results Our results revealed that Tan IIA had different cytotoxic activities on five types of leukemia cells, with the highest toxicity on U-937 cells. Tan IIA inhibited the growth of U-937 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Annexin V and Caspase-3 assays showed that Tan IIA induced apoptosis in U-937 cells. Using gene expression profiling, 366 genes were found to be significantly regulated after Tan IIA treatment and differentially expressed among the five cell lines. Among these genes, CCL2 was highly expressed in untreated U-937 cells and down-regulated significantly after Tan IIA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. RT-qPCR analyses validated the expression regulation of 80% of genes. Addition of L- sulforaphane (L-SFN, an inhibitor of Pregnane × receptor (PXR significantly
Higher derivative couplings and massive supergravity in three dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzenko, Sergei M.; Novak, Joseph [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia); Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia); Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, KU Leuven,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2015-09-14

We develop geometric superspace settings to construct arbitrary higher derivative couplings (including R{sup n} terms) in three-dimensional supergravity theories with N≤3 by realising them as conformal supergravity coupled to certain compensators. For all known off-shell supergravity formulations, we construct supersymmetric invariants with up to and including four derivatives. As a warming-up exercise, we first give a new and completely geometric derivation of such invariants in N=1 supergravity. Upon reduction to components, they agree with those given in http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.4658 and http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3952. We then carry out a similar construction in the case of N=2 supergravity for which there exist two minimal formulations that differ by the choice of compensating multiplet: (i) a chiral scalar multipet; (ii) a vector multiplet. For these formulations all four derivative invariants are constructed in completely general and gauge independent form. For a general supergravity model (in the N=1 and minimal N=2 cases) with curvature-squared and lower order terms, we derive the superfield equations of motion, linearise them about maximally supersymmetric backgrounds and obtain restrictions on the parameters that lead to models for massive supergravity. We use the non-minimal formulation for N=2 supergravity (which corresponds to a complex linear compensator) to construct a novel consistent theory of massive supergravity. In the case of N=3 supergravity, we employ the off-shell formulation with a vector multiplet as compensator to construct for the first time various higher derivative invariants. These invariants may be used to derive models for N=3 massive supergravity. As a bi-product of our analysis, we also present superfield equations for massive higher spin multiplets in (1,0), (1,1) and (2,0) anti-de Sitter superspaces.
Hearing aid fitting for visual and hearing impaired patients with Usher syndrome type IIa.

Science.gov (United States)

Hartel, B P; Agterberg, M J H; Snik, A F; Kunst, H P M; van Opstal, A J; Bosman, A J; Pennings, R J E

2017-08-01

Usher syndrome is the leading cause of hereditary deaf-blindness. Most patients with Usher syndrome type IIa start using hearing aids from a young age. A serious complaint refers to interference between sound localisation abilities and adaptive sound processing (compression), as present in today's hearing aids. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of advanced signal processing on binaural hearing, including sound localisation. In this prospective study, patients were fitted with hearing aids with a nonlinear (compression) and linear amplification programs. Data logging was used to objectively evaluate the use of either program. Performance was evaluated with a speech-in-noise test, a sound localisation test and two questionnaires focussing on self-reported benefit. Data logging confirmed that the reported use of hearing aids was high. The linear program was used significantly more often (average use: 77%) than the nonlinear program (average use: 17%). The results for speech intelligibility in noise and sound localisation did not show a significant difference between type of amplification. However, the self-reported outcomes showed higher scores on 'ease of communication' and overall benefit, and significant lower scores on disability for the new hearing aids when compared to their previous hearing aids with compression amplification. Patients with Usher syndrome type IIa prefer a linear amplification over nonlinear amplification when fitted with novel hearing aids. Apart from a significantly higher logged use, no difference in speech in noise and sound localisation was observed between linear and nonlinear amplification with the currently used tests. Further research is needed to evaluate the reasons behind the preference for the linear settings. © 2016 The Authors. Clinical Otolaryngology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hidden symmetries in five-dimensional supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poessel, M.

2003-05-01

This thesis is concerned with the study of hidden symmetries in supergravity, which play an important role in the present picture of supergravity and string theory. Concretely, the appearance of a hidden G 2(+2) /SO(4) symmetry is studied in the dimensional reduction of d=5, N=2 supergravity to three dimensions - a parallel model to the more famous E 8(+8) /SO(16) case in eleven-dimensional supergravity. Extending previous partial results for the bosonic part, I give a derivation that includes fermionic terms. This sheds new light on the appearance of the local hidden symmetry SO(4) in the reduction, and shows up an unusual feature which follows from an analysis of the R-symmetry associated with N=4 supergravity and of the supersymmetry variations, and which has no parallel in the eleven-dimensional case: The emergence of an additional SO(3) as part of the enhanced local symmetry, invisible in the dimensional reduction of the gravitino, and corresponding to the fact that, of the SO(4) used in the coset model, only the diagonal SO(3) is visible immediately upon dimensional reduction. The uncovering of the hidden symmetries proceeds via the construction of the proper coset gravity in three dimensions, and matching it with the Lagrangian obtained from the reduction. (orig.)
Massive Supergravity and Deconstruction

CERN Document Server

Gregoire, T; Shadmi, Y; Gregoire, Thomas; Schwartz, Matthew D; Shadmi, Yael

2004-01-01

We present a simple superfield Lagrangian for massive supergravity. It comprises the minimal supergravity Lagrangian with interactions as well as mass terms for the metric superfield and the chiral compensator. This is the natural generalization of the Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian for massive gravity which comprises mass terms for the metric and its trace. We show that the on-shell bosonic and fermionic fields are degenerate and have the appropriate spins: 2, 3/2, 3/2 and 1. We then study this interacting Lagrangian using goldstone superfields. We find that a chiral multiplet of goldstones gets a kinetic term through mixing, just as the scalar goldstone does in the non-supersymmetric case. This produces Planck scale (Mpl) interactions with matter and all the discontinuities and unitarity bounds associated with massive gravity. In particular, the scale of strong coupling is (Mpl m^4)^1/5, where m is the multiplet's mass. Next, we consider applications of massive supergravity to deconstruction. We estimate various qu...
Null cone superspace supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Downes-Martin, S.G.

1980-03-01

The null cone formalism is used to derive a 2(N-1) parameter family of constraints for O(N) extended superspace supergravity. The invariance groups of these constraints is analysed and is found to be [subgroup U submanifold] contains GL(4,R) for N = 1, the submanifold being eliminated for N > 1. The invariance group defines non-Weyl rotations on the superbein which combine to form Weyl transformations on the supertangent space metric. The invariance of the supergravity Lagrangian under these transformations is discussed. (Auth.)
More gaugings of N=8 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hull, C.M.

1984-01-01

New non-compact gaugings of N = 8 supergravity are constructed. The gauge groups are SO(p,q) (with p + q = 8) and the group contraction of SO(p,q) about SO(p). The SO(4,4) gauging and the corresponding contraction truncate to gauged N = 4 supergravity theories. (orig.)

A combination of two truncating mutations in USH2A causes more severe and progressive hearing impairment in Usher syndrome type IIa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hartel, Bas P.; Lofgren, Maria; Huygen, Patrick L. M.

2016-01-01

Objectives Usher syndrome is an inherited disorder that is characterized by hearing impairment (HI), retinitis pigmentosa, and in some cases vestibular dysfunction. Usher syndrome type IIa is caused by mutations in USH2A. HI in these patients is highly heterogeneous and the present study evaluates...... the effects of different types of USH2A mutations on the audiometric phenotype. Data from two large centres of expertise on Usher Syndrome in the Netherlands and Sweden were combined in order to create a large combined sample of patients to identify possible genotype-phenotype correlations. Design...... A retrospective study on HI in 110 patients (65 Dutch and 45 Swedish) genetically diagnosed with Usher syndrome type IIa. We used methods especially designed for characterizing and testing differences in audiological phenotype between patient subgroups. These methods included Age Related Typical Audiograms (ARTA...
Symmetries of supergravity black holes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chow, David D K

2010-01-01

We investigate Killing tensors for various black hole solutions of supergravity theories. Rotating black holes of an ungauged theory, toroidally compactified heterotic supergravity, with NUT parameters and two U(1) gauge fields are constructed. If both charges are set equal, then the solutions simplify, and then there are concise expressions for rank-2 conformal Killing-Staeckel tensors. These are induced by rank-2 Killing-Staeckel tensors of a conformally related metric that possesses a separability structure. We directly verify the separation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation on this conformally related metric and of the null Hamilton-Jacobi and massless Klein-Gordon equations on the 'physical' metric. Similar results are found for more general solutions; we mainly focus on those with certain charge combinations equal in gauged supergravity but also consider some other solutions.
The supergravity fields for a D-brane with a travelling wave from string amplitudes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Black, William; Russo, Rodolfo; Turton, David

2010-01-01

We calculate the supergravity fields sourced by a D-brane with a null travelling wave from disk amplitudes in type IIB string theory compactified on T 4 xS 1 . The amplitudes reproduce all the non-trivial features of the previously known two-charge supergravity solutions in the D-brane/momentum duality frame, providing a direct link between the microscopic bound states and their macroscopic descriptions.
Non-Abelian T-duality and the AdS/CFT correspondence: New N=1 backgrounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Itsios, Georgios, E-mail: gitsios@upatras.gr [Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Patras, 26110 Patras (Greece); Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH (United Kingdom); Núñez, Carlos, E-mail: c.nunez@swansea.ac.uk [Swansea University, School of Physical Sciences, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP (United Kingdom); Sfetsos, Konstadinos, E-mail: k.sfetsos@surrey.ac.uk [Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH (United Kingdom); Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Patras, 26110 Patras (Greece); Thompson, Daniel C., E-mail: dthompson@tena4.vub.ac.be [Theoretische Natuurkunde, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium); International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels (Belgium)

2013-08-01

We consider non-Abelian T-duality on N=1 supergravity backgrounds possessing well understood field theory duals. For the case of D3-branes at the tip of the conifold, we dualise along an SU(2) isometry. The result is a type-IIA geometry whose lift to M-theory is of the type recently proposed by Bah et al. as the dual to certain N=1 SCFT quivers produced by M5-branes wrapping a Riemann surface. In the non-conformal cases we find smooth duals in massive IIA supergravity with a Romans mass naturally quantised. We initiate the interpretation of these geometries in the context of AdS/CFT correspondence. We show that the central charge and the entanglement entropy are left invariant by this dualisation. The backgrounds suggest a form of Seiberg duality in the dual field theories which also exhibit domain walls and confinement in the infrared.
N-flation in supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Das, Kumar, E-mail: kumar.das@saha.ac.in; Dutta, Koushik, E-mail: koushik.dutta@saha.ac.in

2014-11-10

We have constructed a large field N-flation model in the supergravity framework. In this simple set-up, N fields collectively drive inflation where each field traverses sub-Planckian field values. This has been realised with a generalisation of the single-field chaotic inflation in supergravity. Interestingly, despite the presence of the field interactions, the dynamics can be described in terms of an effective single field. The observable predictions of our model, i.e., tensor-to-scalar ratio r and scalar spectral index n{sub s}, are akin to the chaotic inflation.
sPLA2-IIA

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

67

Recent research showed that maslinic acid interacts with sPLA2-IIA ... Further analysis revealed that sPLA2-IIA only induced modest LDL ..... MDA/mg protein) compared to native LDL (2.043 nmol MDA/mg protein) while .... to modify extracellular non-cellular lipid components such as lipoproteins, ... The main pathway for.
The no-hair conjecture in 2D dilaton supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gamboa, J.; Georgelin, Y.

1993-06-01

Two dimensional dilaton gravity and supergravity are studied following Hamiltonian methods. The structure of constraints of 2D dilaton gravity and the 2D dilaton supergravity theory is discussed taking the square root of the bosonic constraints. The equations of motion are integrated in both cases, and it is shown that the solutions of the equation of motion of 2D dilaton supergravity differs from the solutions of 2D dilaton gravity only by boundary conditions on the fermionic variables, i.e. the black holes of 2D dilaton supergravity theory are exactly the same black holes of 2D bosonic dilaton gravity modulo supersymmetry transformations. This result is the bidimensional analogue of the no-hair theorem for supergravity. (authors). 28 refs
Gauged supergravities in various spacetime dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weidner, M.

2006-12-15

In this thesis we study the gaugings of extended supergravity theories in various space-time dimensions. These theories describe the low-energy limit of non-trivial string compactifications. For each theory under consideration we work out all possible gaugings that are compatible with supersymmetry. They are parameterized by the so-called embedding tensor which is a group theoretical object that has to satisfy certain representation constraints. This embedding tensor determines all couplings in the gauged theory that are necessary to preserve gauge invariance and supersymmetry. The concept of the embedding tensor and the general structure of the gauged supergravities are explained in detail. The methods are then applied to the half-maximal (N=4) supergravities in d=4 and d=5 and to the maximal supergravities in d=2 and d=7. Examples of particular gaugings are given. Whenever possible, the higher-dimensional origin of these theories is identified and it is shown how the compactification parameters like fluxes and torsion are contained in the embedding tensor. (orig.)
Euclidean supergravity and multi-centered solutions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W.A. Sabra

2017-04-01

Full Text Available In ungauged supergravity theories, the no-force condition for BPS states implies the existence of stable static multi-centered solutions. The first solutions to Einstein–Maxwell theory with a positive cosmological constant describing an arbitrary number of charged black holes were found by Kastor and Traschen. Generalisations to five and higher dimensional theories were obtained by London. Multi-centered solutions in gauged supergravity, even with time-dependence allowed, have yet to be constructed. In this letter we construct supersymmetry-preserving multi-centered solutions for the case of D=5, N=2 Euclidean gauged supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets. Higher dimensional Einstein–Maxwell multi-centered solutions are also presented.
Inoenue-Wigner contraction and D = 2 + 1 supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Concha, P.K.; Rodriguez, E.K. [Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Vina del Mar (Chile); Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas, Valdivia (Chile); Fierro, O. [Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Departamento de Matematica y Fisica Aplicadas, Concepcion (Chile)

2017-01-15

We present a generalization of the standard Inoenue-Wigner contraction by rescaling not only the generators of a Lie superalgebra but also the arbitrary constants appearing in the components of the invariant tensor. The procedure presented here allows one to obtain explicitly the Chern-Simons supergravity action of a contracted superalgebra. In particular we show that the Poincare limit can be performed to a D = 2 + 1 (p,q) AdS Chern-Simons supergravity in presence of the exotic form. We also construct a new three-dimensional (2,0) Maxwell Chern-Simons supergravity theory as a particular limit of (2,0) AdS-Lorentz supergravity theory. The generalization for N = p + q gravitinos is also considered. (orig.)
Experimental limits on antigravity in extended supergravity

OpenAIRE

Bellucci, S.; Faraoni, V.

1995-01-01

The available tests of the equivalence principle constrain the mass of the Higgs-like boson appearing in extended supergravity theories. We determine the constraints imposed by the present and future high precision experiments on the antigravity fields arising from $N=2,8$ supergravity.
The D4-D8 Brane System and Five Dimensional Fixed Points

OpenAIRE

Brandhuber, A; Oz, Y

1999-01-01

We construct dual Type I' string descriptions to five dimensional supersymmetric fixed points with $E_{N_f+1}$ global symmetry. The background is obtained as the near horizon geometry of the D4-D8 brane system in massive Type IIA supergravity. We use the dual description to deduce some properties of the fixed points.
Extremal Black Holes in Supergravity and the Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. D'Auria

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract: We review some results on the connection among supergravity central charges, BPS states and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. In particular, N = 2 super-gravity in four dimensions is studied in detail. For higher N supergravities we just give an account of the general theory specializing the discussion to the N = 8 case when one half of supersymmetry is preserved. We stress the fact that for extremal supergravity black holes the entropy formula is topological, that is the entropy turns out to be a moduli independent quantity and can be written in terms of invariants of the duality group of the supergravity theory.
More supersymmetric standardlike models from intersecting D6-branes on type IIA orientifolds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cvetic, Mirjam; Papadimitriou, Ioannis

2003-01-01

We present new classes of supersymmetric standardlike models from a type IIA T 6 /(Z 2 xZ 2 ) orientifold with intersecting D6-branes. D6-branes can wrap general supersymmetric three-cycles of T 6 =T 2 xT 2 xT 2 , and any T 2 is allowed to be tilted. The models still suffer from additional exotics; however, we obtain solutions with fewer Higgs doublets, as well as models with all three families of left-handed quarks and leptons arising from the same intersecting sector, and examples of a genuine left-right symmetric model with three copies of left-handed and right-handed families of quarks and leptons
Generalized supersymmetric cosmological term in N=1 supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Concha, P.K.; Rodríguez, E.K. [Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción,Casilla 160-C, Concepción (Chile); Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino,Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Torino,Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino (Italy); Salgado, P. [Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción,Casilla 160-C, Concepción (Chile)

2015-08-04

An alternative way of introducing the supersymmetric cosmological term in a supergravity theory is presented. We show that the AdS-Lorentz superalgebra allows to construct a geometrical formulation of supergravity containing a generalized supersymmetric cosmological constant. The N=1, D=4 supergravity action is built only from the curvatures of the AdS-Lorentz superalgebra and corresponds to a MacDowell-Mansouri like action. The extension to a generalized AdS-Lorentz superalgebra is also analyzed.
The integral form of supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castellani, L. [Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale,Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria (Italy); INFN - Sezione di Torino,via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino (Italy); Catenacci, R. [Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale,Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria (Italy); Gruppo Nazionale di Fisica Matematica, INdAM,P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma (Italy); Grassi, P.A. [Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale,Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria (Italy); INFN - Sezione di Torino,via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino (Italy)

2016-10-11

By using integral forms we derive the superspace action of D=3,N=1 supergravity as an integral on a supermanifold. The construction is based on target space picture changing operators, here playing the rôle of Poincaré duals to the lower-dimensional spacetime surfaces embedded into the supermanifold. We show how the group geometrical action based on the group manifold approach interpolates between the superspace and the component supergravity actions, thus providing another proof of their equivalence.
Supergravity and the quest for a unified theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrara, S.

1995-01-01

The foundation of supergravity and research in its subsequent developments is described. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of supergravity on the search for a unified theory of fundamental interactions. (author)
Constraining supergravity models from gluino production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barbieri, R.; Gamberini, G.; Giudice, G.F.; Ridolfi, G.

1988-01-01

The branching ratios for gluino decays g tilde → qanti qΧ, g tilde → gΧ into a stable undetected neutralino are computed as functions of the relevant parameters of the underlying supergravity theory. A simple way of constraining supergravity models from gluino production emerges. The effectiveness of hadronic versus e + e - colliders in the search for supersymmetry can be directly compared. (orig.)
Tensor calculus for supergravity on a manifold with boundary

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belyaev, Dmitry V.; Nieuwenhuizen, Peter van

2008-01-01

Using the simple setting of 3D N = 1 supergravity, we show how the tensor calculus of supergravity can be extended to manifolds with boundary. We present an extension of the standard F-density formula which yields supersymmetric bulk-plus-boundary actions. To construct additional separately supersymmetric boundary actions, we decompose bulk supergravity and bulk matter multiplets into co-dimension one submultiplets. As an illustration we obtain the supersymmetric extension of the York-Gibbons-Hawking extrinsic curvature boundary term. We emphasize that our construction does not require any boundary conditions on off-shell fields. This gives a significant improvement over the existing orbifold supergravity tensor calculus
Geometries inherent to N=1 supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galperin, A.S.; Ogievetsky, V.I.; Sokatchev, E.S.

1981-01-01

The first part of the talk is devoted to a consideration of linearized N=1 supergravities. The second main part deals with complex geometries inherent to different N=1 supergravities. A special attention is paid to a new version with local symmetry. It is connected to the special nonminimal case (n=0) having a remarkable property of supervolume preservation in Csup(4.4) superspace. Therefore the superdeterminant of change of variables from left to right-handed Rsup(4.4) parametrization is a dimensionless scalar. This geometric invariant has to be constrained to obtain an action. Solving such a constraint on vector and spinor prepotentials in Wess-Zumino gauge one obtains the new supergravity with 12+12 fields and local symmetry. A possible relaxation of this constraint is briefly considered (16+16 fields version) [ru

Invariants for minimal conformal supergravity in six dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Butter, Daniel [Nikhef Theory Group,Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam (Netherlands); Kuzenko, Sergei M. [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia); Novak, Joseph; Theisen, Stefan [Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut,Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm (Germany)

2016-12-15

We develop a new off-shell formulation for six-dimensional conformal supergravity obtained by gauging the 6D N=(1,0) superconformal algebra in superspace. This formulation is employed to construct two invariants for 6D N=(1,0) conformal supergravity, which contain C{sup 3} and C◻C terms at the component level. Using a conformal supercurrent analysis, we prove that these exhaust all such invariants in minimal conformal supergravity. Finally, we show how to construct the supersymmetric F◻F invariant in curved superspace.
Towards a worldsheet description of N=8 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipstein, Arthur; Schomerus, Volker

2015-10-01

In this note we address the worldsheet description of 4-dimensional N=8 supergravity using ambitwistors. After gauging an appropriate current algebra, we argue that the only physical vertex operators correspond to the N=8 supermultiplet. It has previously been shown that worldsheet correlators give rise to supergravity tree level scattering amplitudes. We extend this work by proposing a definition for genus-one amplitudes that passes several consistency checks such as exhibiting modular invariance and reproducing the expected infrared behavior of 1-loop supergravity amplitudes.
A worldsheet theory for supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adamo, Tim; Casali, Eduardo; Skinner, David [Department of Applied Mathematics & Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge,Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA (United Kingdom)

2015-02-18

We present a worldsheet theory that describes maps into a curved target space equipped with a B-field and dilaton. The conditions for the theory to be consistent at the quantum level can be computed exactly, and are that the target space fields obey the nonlinear d=10 supergravity equations of motion, with no higher curvature terms. The path integral is constrained to obey a generalization of the scattering equations to curved space. Remarkably, the supergravity field equations emerge as quantum corrections to these curved space scattering equations.
Off-shell Poincaré supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freedman, Daniel Z. [SITP and Department of Physics, Stanford University,Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Mathematics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States); Roest, Diederik [Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (Netherlands); Proeyen, Antoine Van [KU Leuven, Institute for Theoretical Physics,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2017-02-21

We present the action and transformation rules of Poincaré supergravity coupled to chiral multiplets (z{sup α},χ{sup α},h{sup α}) with off-shell auxiliary fields. Starting from the geometric formulation of the superconformal theory with auxiliary fields, we derive the Poincaré counterpart by gauge-fixing the Weyl and chiral symmetry and S-supersymmetry. We show how this transition is facilitated by retaining explicit target-space covariance. Our results form a convenient starting point to study models with constrained superfields, including general matter-coupled de Sitter supergravity.
Crystal structure of MboIIA methyltransferase.

Science.gov (United States)

Osipiuk, Jerzy; Walsh, Martin A; Joachimiak, Andrzej

2003-09-15

DNA methyltransferases (MTases) are sequence-specific enzymes which transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the amino group of either cytosine or adenine within a recognized DNA sequence. Methylation of a base in a specific DNA sequence protects DNA from nucleolytic cleavage by restriction enzymes recognizing the same DNA sequence. We have determined at 1.74 A resolution the crystal structure of a beta-class DNA MTase MboIIA (M.MboIIA) from the bacterium Moraxella bovis, the smallest DNA MTase determined to date. M.MboIIA methylates the 3' adenine of the pentanucleotide sequence 5'-GAAGA-3'. The protein crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit which we propose to resemble the dimer when M.MboIIA is not bound to DNA. The overall structure of the enzyme closely resembles that of M.RsrI. However, the cofactor-binding pocket in M.MboIIA forms a closed structure which is in contrast to the open-form structures of other known MTases.
Minimal set of auxiliary fields and S-matrix for extended supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fradkin, E S; Vasiliev, M A [Physical Lebedev Institute - Moscow

1979-05-19

Minimal set of auxiliary fields for linearized SO(2) supergravity and one-parameter extension of the minimal auxiliary fields in the SO(1) supergravity are constructed. The expression for the S-matrix in SO(2) supergravity are given.
Inflaton decay in supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Endo, M.; Takahashi, F. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Yanagida, T.T. [Tokyo Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Physics]|[Tokyo Univ. (Japan). Research Center for the Early Universe

2007-06-15

We discuss inflaton decay in supergravity, taking account of the gravitational effects. It is shown that, if the inflaton has a nonzero vacuum expectation value, it generically couples to any matter fields that appear in the superpotential at the tree level, and to any gauge sectors through anomalies in the supergravity. Through these processes, the inflaton generically decays into the supersymmetry breaking sector, producing many gravitinos. The inflaton also directly decays into a pair of the gravitinos. We derive constraints on both inflation models and supersymmetry breaking scenarios for avoiding overproduction of the gravitinos. Furthermore, the inflaton naturally decays into the visible sector via the top Yukawa coupling and SU(3){sub C} gauge interactions. (orig.)
Inflaton decay in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Endo, M.; Takahashi, F.; Yanagida, T.T.; Tokyo Univ.

2007-06-01

We discuss inflaton decay in supergravity, taking account of the gravitational effects. It is shown that, if the inflaton has a nonzero vacuum expectation value, it generically couples to any matter fields that appear in the superpotential at the tree level, and to any gauge sectors through anomalies in the supergravity. Through these processes, the inflaton generically decays into the supersymmetry breaking sector, producing many gravitinos. The inflaton also directly decays into a pair of the gravitinos. We derive constraints on both inflation models and supersymmetry breaking scenarios for avoiding overproduction of the gravitinos. Furthermore, the inflaton naturally decays into the visible sector via the top Yukawa coupling and SU(3) C gauge interactions. (orig.)
The antigravitation phenomenon in supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kotrla, M.

1984-01-01

The supergravity theories describe the interaction of particles by means of the local field theory, contain the gravitational field and are invariant relative to local supersymmetry. In supergravity models gravitational interaction is mediated not only by the usual tensor field with spin two but also by a vector field and possibly by a scalar field. This results in the fact that in supergravity theories the gravitational force between a particle and an antiparticle may increase over small distances, and the gravitational force between two particles or two antiparticles may disappear. The properties of the model may be summed up by saying that the model is generally covariant but leads to the disturbance of the weak principle of equivalence, the gravitational law differs from Newton's law at small distances, and particles and antiparticles do not have the same mass. (B.S.)
Warped AdS{sub 6}×S{sup 2} in Type IIB supergravity II: global solutions and five-brane webs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

D’Hoker, Eric; Gutperle, Michael; Uhlemann, Christoph F. [Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles,475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (United States)

2017-05-23

Motivated by the construction of holographic duals to five-dimensional superconformal quantum field theories, we obtain global solutions to Type IIB supergravity invariant under the superalgebra F(4) on a space-time of the form AdS{sub 6}×S{sup 2} warped over a two-dimensional Riemann surface Σ. In earlier work, the general local solutions were expressed in terms of two locally holomorphic functions A{sub ±} on Σ and global solutions were sketched when Σ is a disk. In the present paper, the physical regularity conditions on the supergravity fields required for global solutions are implemented on A{sub ±} for arbitrary Σ. Global solutions exist only when Σ has a non-empty boundary ∂Σ. The differentials ∂A{sub ±} are allowed to have poles only on ∂Σ and each pole corresponds to a semi-infinite (p,q) five-brane. The construction for the disk is carried out in detail and the conditions for the existence of global solutions are articulated for surfaces with more than one boundary and higher genus.
Platelet half-life in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa, IIb, and IV according to Fredrickson with and without clinical signs of atherosclerosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jaeger, E; Sinzinger, H; Widhalm, K; Kaliman, J; Hoefer, R [Vienna Univ. (Austria). 2. Medizinische Klinik; Ludwig Boltzmann-Institut fuer Nuklearmedizin, Vienna (Austria); Vienna Univ. (Austria). Kinderklinik; Vienna Univ. (Austria). Kardiologische Klinik)

1982-09-01

It is generally accepted that platelet half-life is shortened in atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Concerning changes due to hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), however, there exist only few data. Therefore, we examined the platelet-half life in 60 patients with recently discovered HLP type IIa, IIb and IV according to Fredrickson before treatment in comparison to 60 controls. 33 of the HLP-patients had no clinical symptoms of angiopathy. 27 patients suffered from peripheral vascular disease or from coronary heart disease as verified by angiography. The labelling of autologous platelets was performed with 100..mu..Ci of /sup 111/Indium-oxine-sulfate at 37/sup 0/C for 5 minutes. The mean labelling efficiency was 90%, the recovery after 2 hours about 70%. Serum lipoproteins were estimated by means of ultracentrifugation and polyanionprecipitation according to Lipid Research Clinic Methods. In the patients with HLP platelet half-life was significantly shortened in comparison to the control group (p < 0.01). These changes were most pronounced in patients with HLP-type IIa and with atherosclerotic lesions, respectively. In patients with HLP-type IIa a very close correlation could be demonstrated between platelet half-life and LDL-cholesterol (r = -0.72; p < 0.001) as well as total cholesterol (r = -0.73; p < 0.001). These data prove that in HLP in-vivo platelet function as measured by platelet survival is significantly influenced even before the occurrence of clinically relevant symptoms of atherosclerosis.
Generalized N=1 orientifold compactifications and the Hitchin functionals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benmachiche, Iman; Grimm, Thomas W.

2006-01-01

The four-dimensional N=1 supergravity theories arising in compactifications of type IIA and type IIB on generalized orientifold backgrounds with background fluxes are discussed. The Kahler potentials are derived for reductions on SU(3) structure orientifolds and shown to consist of the logarithm of the two Hitchin functionals. These are functions of even and odd forms parameterizing the geometry of the internal manifold, the B-field and the dilaton. The superpotentials induced by background fluxes and the non-Calabi-Yau geometry are determined by a reduction of the type IIA and type IIB fermionic actions on SU(3) and generalized SU(3)xSU(3) manifolds. Mirror spaces of Calabi-Yau orientifolds with electric and part of the magnetic NS-NS fluxes are conjectured to be certain SU(3)xSU(3) structure manifolds. Evidence for this identification is provided by comparing the generalized type IIA and type IIB superpotentials
Increased expression and activity of group IIA and X secretory phospholipase A2 in peritumoral versus central colon carcinoma tissue

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tribler, Line; Jensen, Lotte T.; Jørgensen, Kent

2007-01-01

Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) type IIA and X was analyzed in tumors from 22 patients with colon adenocarcinomas in order to determine the involvement and activity of sPLA2 in colon cancer. Evaluation of immunoreactive sPLA2 IIA by Western blotting showed a significantly higher level...... in the periphery of the tumors, compared to central tumor regions. Increased levels of sPLA2 IIA protein correlated with a two-fold increase in sPLA2 enzymatic activity in the peripheral regions compared to central regions. Nineteen out of 22 tumors showed high levels of sPLA2 IIA, whereas 7 out of the 22 tumors...... showed sPLA2 type X. These data demonstrate that both sPLA2 type IIA and X are present in human colon cancer and suggest a role for sPLA2 in colon cancer tumor immunology and tumorigenesis....
Tanshinone IIA stimulates erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zelenak, C.; Pasham, V.; Jilani, K.; Tripodi, P.M.; Rosaclerio, L.; Pathare, G.T.; Lupescu, A.; Faggio, C.; Qadri, S.M.; Lang, F.

2012-01-01

Tanshinone IIA, an antimicrobial, antioxidant, antianaphylactic, antifibrotic, vasodilating, antiatherosclerotic, organo-protective and antineoplastic component from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is known to trigger apoptosis of tumor cells. Tanshinone IIA is effective in part through
Supergravity and matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adamietz, P.; Binetruy, P.; Girardi, G.; Grimm, R.

1992-07-01

The properties of a linear multiplet in interaction with supergravity and matter are presented, with a special emphasis on the coupling of Chern-Simons forms, relevant for the problem of the chiral and conformal anomalies in relation with Kaehler transformations and the corresponding anomaly cancellations. The linear supermultiplet describes an antisymmetric tensor gauge field together with a dilaton and a Majorana spinor. In particular, these fields are found among the massless modes of superstring theories. The general properties of this supermultiplet is reviewed in the Kaehler superspace formalism and the complete supersymmetric action is constructed. This includes the classically Kaehler invariant component field action for all the kinetic terms as well as a Green-Schwarz type action which exhibits a non-holomorphic gauge coupling function. (author) 32 refs
New compactifications in seven and eleven dimensional supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pernici, M.; Sezgin, E.

1984-08-01

It is found that the N=4 gauged supergravity in d=7 spontaneously compactifies on direct product of anti-deSitter space (AdS) with a 3-sphere (non-supersymmetric: N=0), or with 3-hyperboloid (N=2). Similarly the N=2 gauged supergravity in d=7 compactifies on AdSxH 3 (N=1). The possibility of σ-model induced compactification of ungauged d=7 N=2 supergravity coupled to one vector multiplet on (Minkowski) 4 x Tear Drop x S 1 is discussed. The case of d=11 supergravity is also studied, and two new compactifications are found: AdS x non-Einstein squashed S 7 (n=0) and AdS x non-Einstein SU(2) bundle over CP 2 (N=0). (author)
Supersymmetric solutions of minimal gauged supergravity in five dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gauntlett, Jerome P.; Gutowski, Jan B.

2003-01-01

All purely bosonic supersymmetric solutions of minimal gauged supergravity in five dimensions are classified. The solutions fall into two classes depending on whether the Killing vector constructed from the Killing spinor is timelike or null. When it is timelike, the solutions are determined by a four-dimensional Kaehler base manifold, up to an antiholomorphic function, are necessarily not static, and generically preserve 1/2 of the supersymmetry. When it is null we provide a precise prescription for constructing the solutions and we show that they generically preserve 1/4 of the supersymmetry. We show that five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS 5 ) is the unique maximally supersymmetric configuration. The formalism is used to construct some new solutions, including a nonsingular deformation of AdS 5 , which can be uplifted to obtain new solutions of type IIB supergravity
N=1 supergravity off-shell in six dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, A.W.

1983-01-01

It is shown that the N=1 supergravity in six dimensions showns useful characteristics to study the unification of a gauge theory together with the supergravity, via dimensinal reduction, giving a geometrical interpretation for the internal quantum numbers in the reduced theory. (L.C.) [pt
Expressivity of hearing loss in cases with Usher syndrome type IIA.

Science.gov (United States)

Sadeghi, André M; Cohn, Edward S; Kimberling, William J; Halvarsson, Glenn; Möller, Claes

2013-12-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the genotype/phenotype relationship between siblings with identical USH2A pathologic mutations and the consequent audiologic phenotypes, in particular degree of hearing loss (HL). Decade audiograms were also compared among two groups of affected subjects with different mutations of USH2A. DNA samples from patients with Usher syndrome type II were analysed. The audiological features of patients and affected siblings with USH2A mutations were also examined to identify genotype-phenotype correlations. Genetic and audiometric examinations were performed in 18 subjects from nine families with Usher syndrome type IIA. Three different USH2A mutations were identified in the affected subjects. Both similarities and differences of the auditory phenotype were seen in families with several affected siblings. A variable degree of hearing loss, ranging from mild to profound, was observed among affected subjects. No significant differences in hearing thresholds were found the group of affected subjects with different pathological mutations. Our results indicate that mutations in the USH2A gene and the resulting phenotype are probably modulated by other variables, such as modifying genes, epigenetics or environmental factors which may be of importance for better understanding the etiology of Usher syndrome.
Off-shell supergravity in five dimensions and supersymmetric brane world scenarios

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zucker, M.

2000-08-01

In order to supersymmetrize the Randall-Sundrum setup it proves useful to start with an off-shell formulation of five dimensional supergravity. So far, this theory has only been known on-shell. The first part of this thesis is concerned with the construction of five dimensional N=2 off-shell supergravity. We develop the complete local tensor calculus. The basic building block is the minimal multiplet which contains the propagating fields of supergravity. The minimal multiplet is completed by several auxiliary fields, extending the field content to (40+40) components. The supersymmetry transformation laws for all matter multiplets with (8 + 8) components are given. Using these results, action formulas for all multiplets are presented. In particular, we give three different off-shell formulations of supergravity and gauged supergravity. Next, gauged supergravity on the orbifold S 1 /Z 2 is constructed. Consistent implementation of the Z 2 transformation shows that the minimal multiplet projected to the fixpoints of the orbifold forms a non-minimal N=1 supergravity multiplet in four dimensions. We use this observation to supersymmetrize the Randall-Sundrum scenario. This result is extended to matter located at the fixpoints which we couple in a manifestly supersymmetric way to the supergravity in the bulk. We consider chiral and super Yang-Mills multiplets at the fixpoints. (orig.)

Class IIa histone deacetylases are hormone-activated regulators of FOXO and mammalian glucose homeostasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Mihaylova, Maria M; Vasquez, Debbie S; Ravnskjaer, Kim; Denechaud, Pierre-Damien; Yu, Ruth T; Alvarez, Jacqueline G; Downes, Michael; Evans, Ronald M; Montminy, Marc; Shaw, Reuben J

2011-05-13

Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) are signal-dependent modulators of transcription with established roles in muscle differentiation and neuronal survival. We show here that in liver, class IIa HDACs (HDAC4, 5, and 7) are phosphorylated and excluded from the nucleus by AMPK family kinases. In response to the fasting hormone glucagon, class IIa HDACs are rapidly dephosphorylated and translocated to the nucleus where they associate with the promoters of gluconeogenic enzymes such as G6Pase. In turn, HDAC4/5 recruit HDAC3, which results in the acute transcriptional induction of these genes via deacetylation and activation of FOXO family transcription factors. Loss of class IIa HDACs in murine liver results in inhibition of FOXO target genes and lowers blood glucose, resulting in increased glycogen storage. Finally, suppression of class IIa HDACs in mouse models of type 2 diabetes ameliorates hyperglycemia, suggesting that inhibitors of class I/II HDACs may be potential therapeutics for metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Goldstino superfields in N=2 supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzenko, Sergei M.; McArthur, Ian N. [School of Physics and Astrophysics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia); Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele [Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, KU Leuven,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2017-05-11

We present off-shell N=2 supergravity actions, which exhibit spontaneously broken local supersymmetry and allow for de Sitter vacua for certain values of the parameters. They are obtained by coupling the standard N=2 supergravity-matter systems to the Goldstino superfields introduced in arXiv:1105.3001 and arXiv:1607.01277 in the rigid supersymmetric case. These N=2 Goldstino superfields include nilpotent chiral and linear supermultiplets. We also describe a new reducible N=1 Goldstino supermultiplet.
A combination of two truncating mutations in USH2A causes more severe and progressive hearing impairment in Usher syndrome type IIa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hartel, B.P.; Lofgren, M.; Huygen, P.L.; Guchelaar, I.; Lo, A.N.K.N.; Sadeghi, A.M.; van Wijk, E.; Tranebjaerg, L.; Kremer, H.; Kimberling, W.J.; Cremers, C.W.R.J.; Moller, C.; Pennings, R.J.

2016-01-01

OBJECTIVES: Usher syndrome is an inherited disorder that is characterized by hearing impairment (HI), retinitis pigmentosa, and in some cases vestibular dysfunction. Usher syndrome type IIa is caused by mutations in USH2A. HI in these patients is highly heterogeneous and the present study evaluates
The electroweak phase transition in minimal supergravity models

CERN Document Server

Nanopoulos, Dimitri V

1994-01-01

We have explored the electroweak phase transition in minimal supergravity models by extending previous analysis of the one-loop Higgs potential to include finite temperature effects. Minimal supergravity is characterized by two higgs doublets at the electroweak scale, gauge coupling unification, and universal soft-SUSY breaking at the unification scale. We have searched for the allowed parameter space that avoids washout of baryon number via unsuppressed anomalous Electroweak sphaleron processes after the phase transition. This requirement imposes strong constraints on the Higgs sector. With respect to weak scale baryogenesis, we find that the generic MSSM is {\\it not} phenomenologically acceptable, and show that the additional experimental and consistency constraints of minimal supergravity restricts the mass of the lightest CP-even Higgs even further to $m_h\\lsim 32\\GeV$ (at one loop), also in conflict with experiment. Thus, if supergravity is to allow for baryogenesis via any other mechanism above the weak...
Tanshinone IIA ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease via the pregnane X receptor

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xianxie; Wang, Yuguang; Ma, Zengchun; Liang, Qiande; Tang, Xianglin; Hu, Donghua; Tan, Hongling; Xiao, Chengrong; Gao, Yue

2015-01-01

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) (C19H18O3) is one of the major active lipophilic components in a conventional Chinese medicine called danshen, and it has long been used in the People’s Republic of China and other neighboring countries to treat patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous experiments by many teams determined which mechanism of Tan IIA is relevant to the treatment of IBD associated with inflammation and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). The current study demonstrated that Tan IIA is an efficacious PXR agonist and its ability to induce CYP3A4 mRNA and protein expression was mediated by the transactivation of PXR, a known target of abrogating inflammation in IBD. Clinical symptoms in mice and histological assessment data suggested that administration of Tan IIA in mice demonstrated significant protection and showed that in DSS-induced IBD it acts in a concentration-dependent manner. PXR-silenced mice treated with Tan IIA demonstrated low protection against DSS-induced mouse IBD and exacerbated the severity of IBD compared with wild-type mice; PXR-silenced mice demonstrated the necessity for PXR in Tan IIA-mediated upregulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes. The IBD treatment effects of Tan IIA are partially due to PXR-mediated upregulation of xenobiotic metabolism and downregulation of inflammatory mediators. The novel findings reported here may contribute to the effective utilization of Tan IIA and its derivatives as a PXR ligand in the treatment of human IBD. This suggests that Tan IIA may have considerable clinical utility. PMID:26674743
Supergravities and superstrings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrara, S.

1988-01-01

In this paper supergavity theories emerging as the point-field limit of various superstring compactifications are considered, and the higher-order corrections to the standard supergravity Lagrangians are discussed. The structure of the effective Lagrangian for the recently constructed four-dimensional superstring models is also reported
Higher derivative corrections to BPS black hole attractors in 4d gauged supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hristov, Kiril [Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Chaussee 72, 1784 Sofia (Bulgaria); Katmadas, Stefanos [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca,I-20126 Milano (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca,I-20126 Milano (Italy); Lodato, Ivano [Department of Physics, IISER Pune,Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune (India)

2016-05-30

We analyze BPS black hole attractors in 4d gauged supergravity in the presence of higher derivative supersymmetric terms, including a Weyl-squared-type action, and determine the resulting corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. The near-horizon geometry AdS{sub 2}×S{sup 2} (or other Riemann surface) preserves half of the supercharges in N=2 supergravity with Fayet-Iliopoulos gauging. We derive a relation between the entropy and the black hole charges that suggests via AdS/CFT how subleading corrections contribute to the supersymmetric index in the dual microscopic picture. Depending on the model, the attractors are part of full black hole solutions with different asymptotics, such as Minkowski, AdS{sub 4}, and hvLif{sub 4}. We give explicit examples for each of the asymptotic cases and comment on the implications. Among other results, we find that the Weyl-squared terms spoil the exact two-derivative relation to non-BPS asymptotically flat black holes in ungauged supergravity.
Background harmonic superfields in N=2 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zupnik, B.M.

1998-01-01

A modification of the harmonic superfield formalism in D=4, N=2 supergravity using a subsidiary condition of covariance under the background supersymmetry with a central charge (B-covariance) is considered. Conservation of analyticity together with the B-covariance leads to the appearance of linear gravitational superfields. Analytic prepotentials arise in a decomposition of the background linear superfields in terms of spinor coordinates and transform in a nonstandard way under the background supersymmetry. The linear gravitational superfields can be written via spinor derivatives of nonanalytic spinor prepotentials. The perturbative expansion of supergravity action in terms of the B-covariant superfields and the corresponding version of the differential-geometric formalism are considered. We discuss the dual harmonic representation of the linearized extended supergravity, which corresponds to the dynamical condition of Grassmann analyticity
Low-energy supergravities from heterotic compactification on reduced structure backgrounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinez Pedrera, Danny Manuel

2009-10-01

In this thesis, the compactification of heterotic supergravity on six-dimensional manifolds with SU(2) and SU(3) structure is studied. For the SU(2)-structure backgrounds, the spectrum and the bosonic action of the effective theory in four dimensions are obtained. The results are gauged versions of the ungauged N=2 supergravity obtained after compactification on K3 x T 2 . The gauge algebra and the Killing prepotentials are also computed. For the SU(3)-structure backgrounds, the couplings of the resulting N=1 supergravity are computed by reducing terms on the heterotic supergravity action involving fermionic fields, and are further checked by computing the supersymmetry variations of the fermions. (orig.)
Supergravity constraints on monojets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nandi, S.

1986-01-01

In the standard model, supplemented by N = 1 minimal supergravity, all the supersymmetric particle masses can be expressed in terms of a few unknown parameters. The resulting mass relations, and the laboratory and the cosmological bounds on these superpartner masses are used to put constraints on the supersymmetric origin of the CERN monojets. The latest MAC data at PEP excludes the scalar quarks, of masses up to 45 GeV, as the origin of these monojets. The cosmological bounds, for a stable photino, excludes the mass range necessary for the light gluino-heavy squark production interpretation. These difficulties can be avoided by going beyond the minimal supergravity theory. Irrespective of the monojets, the importance of the stable γ as the source of the cosmological dark matter is emphasized
Perturbative and global anomalies in supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sezgin, E.

1986-09-01

Perturbative and global anomalies in supergravity theories are reviewed. The existence of a matter and gauge coupled supergravity theory in six dimensions with E 6 xE 7 xU(1) symmetry and highly nontrivial anomaly cancellations is emphasised. The possible string origin of this theory is posed as an open problem, study of which may lead to discovery of new ways to construct/compactify heterotic superstrings. (author)
Generalized N=1 orientifold compactifications and the Hitchin functionals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benmachiche, I.; Hamburg Univ.; Grimm, T.W.

2006-02-01

The four-dimensional N=1 supergravity theories arising in compactifications of type IIA and type IIB on generalized orientifold backgrounds with background fluxes are discussed. The Kaehler potentials are derived for reductions on SU(3) structure orientifolds and shown to consist of the logarithm of the two Hitchin functionals. These are functions of even and odd forms parameterizing the geometry of the internal manifold, the B-field and the dilaton. The superpotentials induced by background fluxes and the non-Calabi-Yau geometry are determined by a reduction of the type IIA and type IIB fermionic actions on SU(3) and generalized SU(3) x SU(3) manifolds. Mirror spaces of Calabi-Yau orientifolds with electric and part of the magnetic NS-NS fluxes are conjectured to be certain SU(3) x SU(3) structure manifolds. Evidence for this identification is provided by comparing the generalized type IIA and type IIB superpotentials. (orig.)
Quantum supergravity, supergravity anomalies and string phenomenology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaillard, Mary K., E-mail: mkgaillard@lbl.gov

2016-11-15

I discuss the role of quantum effects in the phenomenology of effective supergravity theories from compactification of the weakly coupled heterotic string. An accurate incorporation of these effects requires a regularization procedure that respects local supersymmetry and BRST invariance and that retains information associated with the cut-off scale, which has physical meaning in an effective theory. I briefly outline the Pauli–Villars regularization procedure, describe some applications, and comment on what remains to be done to fully define the effective quantum field theory.
Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on conformal supergravity backgrounds in ten dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Medeiros, Paul de; Figueroa-O’Farrill, José [Maxwell Institute and School of Mathematics, The University of Edinburgh,James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (United Kingdom)

2016-03-14

We consider bosonic supersymmetric backgrounds of ten-dimensional conformal supergravity. Up to local conformal isometry, we classify the maximally supersymmetric backgrounds, determine their conformal symmetry superalgebras and show how they arise as near-horizon geometries of certain half-BPS backgrounds or as a plane-wave limit thereof. We then show how to define Yang-Mills theory with rigid supersymmetry on any supersymmetric conformal supergravity background and, in particular, on the maximally supersymmetric backgrounds. We conclude by commenting on a striking resemblance between the supersymmetric backgrounds of ten-dimensional conformal supergravity and those of eleven-dimensional Poincaré supergravity.
Characteristic of Lamb Sausages Fermented by Indonesian Meat-Derived Probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-2C12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noraimah Binti Sulaiman

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Probiotic is a group of microorganism, mainly from lactic acid bacteria (LAB, widely used to increase functionality of various foodstuffs, including lamb which was limited by its goaty odor and short life issue. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristic of lamb sausages fermented by either Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-2C12 or L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 isolated from local cattle in Indonesia, and stored for 21 days at low temperature (4oC. Fermented lamb sausages were made with the addition of L. plantarum IIA-2C12 and L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 with three replications. The result showed that pH value, protein, and cholesterol contents of the sausages with addition of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 were higher (P<0.05 than that of L. plantarum IIA-2C12. Meanwhile, the sausage fermented with L. plantarum IIA-2C12 had higher titratable acid (TA value, texture, and the content of fat, carbohydrate, tyrosine, lysine, myristoleic (C14:1, pentadecanoic (C15:0, heneicosanoic (C21:0 and cis-11-eicosatrienoic (C20:1 as compared to that of L. acidophilus 2C12-2B4. Final population of LAB in the sausage fermented by L. plantarum IIA-2C12 was also higher than that of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4, yet both can be categorized as a probiotic. The differences between characteristics of the physicochemical traits and microbiological quality of the sausage fermentation associated with the addition of L. plantarum IIA-2C12 or L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. The 21 days of storage at cold temperatures with probiotics addition could extend shelf life and maintain quality of fermented sausage.
Complex superspaces and prepotentials for N = 2 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sokatchev, E.

1981-01-01

A prepotential formulation of N=2 supergravity is constructed as a generalization of the non-minimal N=1 case. The non-minimal and minimal prepotential formulations of N=1 supergravity are briefly reviewed, the non-minimal case is then generalized to from the basis of the N=2 theory. The action of the Lorentz structure group is extracted from the transformation law of the spinar derivatives. Vielbeins and connections are defined and expressed in terms of the prepotentials. In evaluation of the torsion components the normal gauge technique is applied. The possibility of using the invariant volume of the chiral superspaces as an action for the N=2 supergravity is considered. (author)
Well-posedness of (N = 1) classical supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bao, D.; Choquet-Bruhat, Y.; Isenberg, J.; Yasskin, P.B.

1985-01-01

In this paper we investigate whether classical (N = 1) supergravity has a well-posed locally causal Cauchy problem. We define well-posedness to mean that any choice of initial data (from an appropriate function space) which satisfies the supergravity constraint equations and a set of gauge conditions can be continuously developed into a space-time solution of the supergravity field equations around the initial surface. Local causality means that the domains of dependence of the evolution equations coincide with those determined by the light cones. We show that when the fields of classical supergravity are treated as formal objects, the field equations are (under certain gauge conditions) equivalent to a coupled system of quasilinear nondiagonal second-order partial differential equations which is formally nonstrictly hyperbolic (in the sense of Leray--Ohya). Hence, if the fields were numerical valued, there would be an applicable existence theorem leading to well-posedness. We shall observe that well-posedness is assured if the fields are taken to be Grassmann (i.e., exterior algebra) valued, for then the second-order system decouples into the vacuum Einstein equation and a sequence of numerical valued linear diagonal strictly hyperbolic partial differential equations which can be solved successively
Supergravity contributions to inflation in models with non-minimal coupling to gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Das, Kumar; Dutta, Koushik [Theory Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Saltlake, Kolkata 700064 (India); Domcke, Valerie, E-mail: kumar.das@saha.ac.in, E-mail: valerie.domcke@apc.univ-paris7.fr, E-mail: koushik.dutta@saha.ac.in [AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics (PCCP), Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris (France)

2017-03-01

This paper provides a systematic study of supergravity contributions relevant for inflationary model building in Jordan frame supergravity. In this framework, canonical kinetic terms in the Jordan frame result in the separation of the Jordan frame scalar potential into a tree-level term and a supergravity contribution which is potentially dangerous for sustaining inflation. We show that if the vacuum energy necessary for driving inflation originates dominantly from the F-term of an auxiliary field (i.e. not the inflaton), the supergravity corrections to the Jordan frame scalar potential are generically suppressed. Moreover, these supergravity contributions identically vanish if the superpotential vanishes along the inflationary trajectory. On the other hand, if the F-term associated with the inflaton dominates the vacuum energy, the supergravity contributions are generically comparable to the globally supersymmetric contributions. In addition, the non-minimal coupling to gravity inherent to Jordan frame supergravity significantly impacts the inflationary model depending on the size and sign of this coupling. We discuss the phenomenology of some representative inflationary models, and point out the relation to the recently much discussed cosmological 'attractor' models.
Supergravity contributions to inflation in models with non-minimal coupling to gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Das, Kumar; Dutta, Koushik; Domcke, Valerie

2017-01-01

This paper provides a systematic study of supergravity contributions relevant for inflationary model building in Jordan frame supergravity. In this framework, canonical kinetic terms in the Jordan frame result in the separation of the Jordan frame scalar potential into a tree-level term and a supergravity contribution which is potentially dangerous for sustaining inflation. We show that if the vacuum energy necessary for driving inflation originates dominantly from the F-term of an auxiliary field (i.e. not the inflaton), the supergravity corrections to the Jordan frame scalar potential are generically suppressed. Moreover, these supergravity contributions identically vanish if the superpotential vanishes along the inflationary trajectory. On the other hand, if the F-term associated with the inflaton dominates the vacuum energy, the supergravity contributions are generically comparable to the globally supersymmetric contributions. In addition, the non-minimal coupling to gravity inherent to Jordan frame supergravity significantly impacts the inflationary model depending on the size and sign of this coupling. We discuss the phenomenology of some representative inflationary models, and point out the relation to the recently much discussed cosmological 'attractor' models.
Off shell N=1 supergravity theory in six dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, A.W.

1983-01-01

The off shell N=1 supergravity theory in six dimensions shows beneath the extreme simplicity of theories in higher dimensions useful properties for the study of a unification of normal gauge theories with the supergravity theory via dimensional reduction and yields a geometrical interpretation for the quantum numbers of internal symmtries of the reduced theory. Furthermore this theory permits a better understanding of ultraviolet divergences than a theory in four dimensions. This six-dimensional supergravity theory is constructed here in the corresponding superspace the importance of which was clained otherwise because a precisely defined mathematical formalism for this exists: Differential geometry in the superspace. We establish constraining conditions for the torsion components and give a complete solution of the Bianchi identities. In the formulation of the conditions for the torsions exists a certain freedom, because different conditions lead to the same solution. Therefore only the analysis of the Bianchi identities will show wether the conditions are too restrictive or not. Furthermore the dimensional reduction of D=6 to the four-dimensional space-time is performed. We show here that the reduced theory yields the conformal N=2 supergravity theory. In the last part of this thesis a Langrangian is presented by which the supergravity is coupled to a matter multiplet. In the analysis of the supersymmetry transformations of the component fields we see that the matter multiplet cannot be consistently brought to vanish. That means that a pure supergravity theory cannot be written manifestly Lorentz covariant. (orig.) [de

The Bianchi classification of maximal D = 8 gauged supergravities

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bergshoeff, Eric; Gran, Ulf; Linares, Román; Nielsen, Mikkel; Ortín, Tomás; Roest, Diederik

2003-01-01

We perform the generalized dimensional reduction of D = 11 supergravity over three-dimensional group manifolds as classified by Bianchi. Thus, we construct 11 different maximal D = 8 gauged supergravities, two of which have an additional parameter. One class of group manifolds (class B) leads to
The Bianchi classification of maximal D=8 gauged supergravities

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bergshoeff, E; Gran, U; Linares, R; Nielsen, M; Ortin, T; Roest, D

2003-01-01

We perform the generalized dimensional reduction of D = 11 supergravity over three-dimensional group manifolds as classified by Bianchi. Thus, we construct 11 different maximal D = 8 gauged supergravities, two of which have an additional parameter. One class of group manifolds (class B) leads to
Grand unification and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanopoulos, D.V.

Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) are very successful, but they suffer from fine-tuning or hierarchy problems. It seems that more symmetry beyond the gauge symmetry is needed and indeed supersymmetric GUTs may provide the correct framework in solving the hierarchy problems. These are reviewed. From the results discussed, it is seen that for the first time in particle physics, gravity seems to play a dominant role. It may be responsible for GUT breaking, SU(2) x U(1) breaking, fermion masses, proton decay and a consistent cosmological picture. Supergravity seems to offer a consistent, effective theory for energies below the Planck scale to N=1 local SUSY but also, in the context of N=8 extended supergravity with a dynamically realized SU(8), there may be a consistent fundamental unified theory of all interactions. (U.K.)
Inverse dualization and non-local dualities between Einstein gravity and supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Chiangmei; Gal'tsov, Dmitri V; Sharakin, Sergei A

2002-01-01

We investigate non-local dualities between suitably compactified higher dimensional Einstein gravity and supergravities which can be revealed if one reinterprets the dualized Kaluza-Klein 2-forms in D>4 as antisymmetric forms belonging to supergravities. We find several examples of such a correspondence including one between the six-dimensional Einstein gravity and the four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion theory (truncated N=4 supergravity), and others between the compactified eleven- and ten-dimensional supergravities and the eight- or ten-dimensional pure gravity. The Killing spinor equation of the D=11 supergravity is shown to be equivalent to the geometric Killing spinor equation in the dual gravity. We give several examples of using new dualities for solution generation and demonstrate how p-branes can be interpreted as non-local duals of pure gravity solutions. New supersymmetric solutions are presented including M2 subset of 5-brane with two rotation parameters
Potential Therapeutic Roles of Tanshinone IIA in Human Bladder Cancer Cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sheng-Chun Chiu

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA, one of the major lipophilic components isolated from the root of Salviae Miltiorrhizae, has been found to exhibit anticancer activity in various cancer cells. We have demonstrated that Tan-IIA induces apoptosis in several human cancer cells through caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Here we explored the anticancer effect of Tan-IIA in human bladder cancer cell lines. Our results showed that Tan-IIA caused bladder cancer cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Tan-IIA induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway in these bladder cancer cells. Tan-IIA also suppressed the migration of bladder cancer cells as revealed by the wound healing and transwell assays. Finally, combination therapy of Tan-IIA with a lower dose of cisplatin successfully killed bladder cancer cells, suggesting that Tan-IIA can serve as a potential anti-cancer agent in bladder cancer.
On minimal coupling of the ABC-superparticle to supergravity background

OpenAIRE

Galajinsky, A. V.; Gitman, D. M.

1998-01-01

By rigorous application of the Hamiltonian methods we show that the ABC-formulation of the Siegel superparticle admits consistent minimal coupling to external supergravity. The consistency check proves to involve all the supergravity constraints.
Construction of the superalgebras for N=1 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, E.A.; Niederle, J.

1984-11-01

It is shown that the infinite parameter gauge superalgebras of the conformal and of the N=1 Einstein supergravities can be obtained as the closures of various two finite-parameter superalgebras. In the conformal case the standard, minimal and Einsteinian closures are studied. In the case of the N=1 Einstein supergravities the minimal and non-minimal closures are discussed. (author)
Brane induced supersymmetry breaking and de Sitter supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandos, Igor [Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao (Spain); Martucci, Luca [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); I.N.F.N. Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Sorokin, Dmitri [I.N.F.N. Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Tonin, Mario [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); I.N.F.N. Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy)

2016-02-12

We obtain a four-dimensional supergravity with spontaneously broken supersymmetry allowing for de Sitter vacua by coupling a superspace action of minimal N=1, D=4 supergravity to a locally supersymmetric generalization of the Volkov-Akulov goldstino action describing the dynamics of a space-filling non-BPS 3-brane in N=1, D=4 superspace. To the quadratic order in the goldstino field the obtained action coincides with earlier constructions of supergravities with nilpotent superfields, while matching the higher-order contributions will require a non-linear redefinition of fields. In the unitary gauge, in which the goldstino field is set to zero, the action coincides with that of Volkov and Soroka. We also show how a nilpotency constraint on a chiral curvature superfield emerges in this formulation.
High energy scattering in gravity and supergravity

CERN Document Server

Giddings, Steven B; Andersen, Jeppe R

2010-01-01

We investigate features of perturbative gravity and supergravity by studying scattering in the ultraplanckian limit, and sharpen arguments that the dynamics is governed by long-distance physics. A simple example capturing aspects of the eikonal resummation suggests why short distance phenomena and in particular divergences or nonrenormalizability do not necessarily play a central role in this regime. A more profound problem is apparently unitarity. These considerations can be illustrated by showing that known gravity and supergravity amplitudes have the same long-distance behavior, despite the extra light states of supergravity, and this serves as an important check on long-range dynamics in a context where perturbative amplitudes are finite. We also argue that these considerations have other important implications: they obstruct probing the conjectured phenomenon of asymptotic safety through a physical scattering process, and gravity appears not to reggeize. These arguments sharpen the need to find a nonpert...
Generation of composite operators in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdalla, E.

1984-07-01

The author discusses the generation of quantum composite operators in two and higher dimensions. In two dimensions the problem is discussed in detail, and the supergravity fields, trivial at the beginning, acquire the status of independent fields, non trivial features being obtained as consequence. In higher dimensions one is led to non compact symmetry groups when dealing with supergravity. The symmetry SU(p,q) is discussed; quantization presents several problems. In one case, p=q, it is possible to obtain a prescription leading to finite results, with a quantization procedure breaking the symmetry to SU(p) X SU(q). (Auth.)
Visual Prognosis in USH2A-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa Is Worse for Patients with Usher Syndrome Type IIa Than for Those with Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pierrache, Laurence H. M.; Hartel, Bas P.; van Wijk, Erwin; Meester-Smoor, Magda A.; Cremers, Frans P. M.; de Baere, Elfride; de Zaeytijd, Julie; van Schooneveld, Mary J.; Cremers, Cor W. R. J.; Dagnelie, Gislin; Hoyng, Carel B.; Bergen, Arthur A.; Leroy, Bart P.; Pennings, Ronald J. E.; van den Born, L. Ingeborgh; Klaver, Caroline C. W.

2016-01-01

USH2A mutations are an important cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with or without congenital sensorineural hearing impairment. We studied genotype-phenotype correlations and compared visual prognosis in Usher syndrome type IIa and nonsyndromic RP. Clinic-based, longitudinal, multicenter study.
Visual Prognosis in USH2A-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa Is Worse for Patients with Usher Syndrome Type IIa Than for Those with Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pierrache, Laurence H M; Hartel, Bas P; van Wijk, Erwin; Meester-Smoor, Magda A; Cremers, Frans P M; de Baere, Elfride; de Zaeytijd, Julie; van Schooneveld, Mary J; Cremers, Cor W R J; Dagnelie, Gislin; Hoyng, Carel B; Bergen, Arthur A; Leroy, Bart P; Pennings, Ronald J E; van den Born, L Ingeborgh; Klaver, Caroline C W

2016-01-01

PURPOSE: USH2A mutations are an important cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with or without congenital sensorineural hearing impairment. We studied genotype-phenotype correlations and compared visual prognosis in Usher syndrome type IIa and nonsyndromic RP. DESIGN: Clinic-based, longitudinal,
Fermion mass hierarchies in low-energy supergravity and superstring models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Binetruy, P.

1995-01-01

We investigate the problem of the fermion mass hierarchy in supergravity models with flat directions of the scalar potential associated with some gauge singlet moduli fields. The low-energy Yukawa couplings are non-trivial homogeneous functions of the moduli and a geometric constraint between them plays, in a large class of models, a crucial role in generating hierarchies. Explicit examples are given for no-scale type supergravity models. The Yukawa couplings are dynamical variables at low energy, to be determined by a minimization process which amounts to fixing ratios of the moduli fields. The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is studied and the constraints needed on the parameters in order to have a top quark much heavier than the other fermions are worked out. The bottom mass is explicitly computed and shown to be compatible with the experimental data for a large region of the parameter space. ((orig.))
Regulation of myosin IIA and filamentous actin during insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stall, Richard; Ramos, Joseph; Kent Fulcher, F.; Patel, Yashomati M.

2014-01-01

Insulin stimulated glucose uptake requires the colocalization of myosin IIA (MyoIIA) and the insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) at the plasma membrane for proper GLUT4 fusion. MyoIIA facilitates filamentous actin (F-actin) reorganization in various cell types. In adipocytes F-actin reorganization is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. What is not known is whether MyoIIA interacts with F-actin to regulate insulin-induced GLUT4 fusion at the plasma membrane. To elucidate the relationship between MyoIIA and F-actin, we examined the colocalization of MyoIIA and F-actin at the plasma membrane upon insulin stimulation as well as the regulation of this interaction. Our findings demonstrated that MyoIIA and F-actin colocalized at the site of GLUT4 fusion with the plasma membrane upon insulin stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition of MyoII with blebbistatin impaired F-actin localization at the plasma membrane. Next we examined the regulatory role of calcium in MyoIIA-F-actin colocalization. Reduced calcium or calmodulin levels decreased colocalization of MyoIIA and F-actin at the plasma membrane. While calcium alone can translocate MyoIIA it did not stimulate F-actin accumulation at the plasma membrane. Taken together, we established that while MyoIIA activity is required for F-actin localization at the plasma membrane, it alone is insufficient to localize F-actin to the plasma membrane. - Highlights: • Insulin induces colocalization of MyoIIA and F-actin at the cortex in adipocytes. • MyoIIA is necessary but not sufficient to localize F-actin at the cell cortex. • MyoIIA-F-actin colocalization is regulated by calcium and calmodulin
A natural solution to the μ-problem in supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giudice, G.F.; Masiero, A.

1988-01-01

We propose a 'natural' way to avoid the introduction by hand of a small mass scale μ in the observable sector of N=1 supergravity theories. In our approach, μ automatically arises from the general couplings of broken supergravity. In this way, all low energy mass parameters arise only from supergravity breaking and, in particular, SU(2)xU(1) is left unbroken in the limit of exact supersymmetry. Our solution of the μ-problem presents interesting connections with the strong CP puzzle through the implementation of symmetries a la Peccei and Quinn. (orig.)
Down-Regulation of the Na+-Coupled Phosphate Transporter NaPi-IIa by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: The Na+-coupled phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa is the main carrier accomplishing renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. It is driven by the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the apical cell membrane, which is maintained by Na+ extrusion across the basolateral cell membrane through the Na+/K+ ATPase. The operation of NaPi-IIa thus requires energy in order to avoid cellular Na+ accumulation and K+ loss with eventual decrease of cell membrane potential, Cl- entry and cell swelling. Upon energy depletion, early inhibition of Na+-coupled transport processes may delay cell swelling and thus foster cell survival. Energy depletion is sensed by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, a serine/threonine kinase stimulating several cellular mechanisms increasing energy production and limiting energy utilization. The present study explored whether AMPK influences the activity of NAPi-IIa. Methods: cRNA encoding NAPi-IIa was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional expression of wild-type AMPK (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA, of inactive AMPKαK45R (AMPKα1K45R+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA or of constitutively active AMPKγR70Q (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1R70Q. NaPi-IIa activity was estimated from phosphate-induced current in dual electrode voltage clamp experiments. Results: In NaPi-IIa-expressing, but not in water-injected Xenopus oocytes, the addition of phosphate (1 mM to the extracellular bath solution generated a current (Ip, which was significantly decreased by coexpression of wild-type AMPK and of AMPKγR70Q but not of AMPKαK45R. The phosphate-induced current in NaPi-IIa- and AMPK-expressing Xenopus ooocytes was significantly increased by AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 µM. Kinetic analysis revealed that AMPK significantly decreased the maximal transport rate. Conclusion: The AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK is a powerful regulator of NaPi-IIa and thus of renal tubular phosphate transport.
Supergravity and supersymmetry breaking in four and five dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, John; Lalak, Zygmunt; Pokorski, Stefan; Thomas, Steven

1999-01-01

We discuss supersymmetry breaking in the field-theoretical limit of the strongly coupled heterotic string compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold, from the different perspectives of four and five dimensions. The former applies to light degrees of freedom below the threshold for five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein excitations, whereas the five-dimensional perspective is also valid up to the Calabi-Yau scale. We show how, in the latter case, two gauge sectors separated in the fifth dimension are combined to form a consistent four-dimensional supergravity. In the lowest order of the κ 2/3 expansion, we show how a four-dimensional supergravity with gauge kinetic function f 1,2 =S is reproduced, and we show how higher-order terms give rise to four-dimensional operators that differ in the two gauge sectors. In the four-dimensional approach, supersymmetry is seen to be broken when condensates form on one or both walls, and the goldstino may have a non-zero dilatino component. As in the five-dimensional approach, the Lagrangian is not a perfect square, and we have not identified a vacuum with broken supersymmetry and zero vacuum energy. We derive soft supersymmetry-breaking terms for non-standard perturbative embeddings, that are relevant in more general situations such as type I/type IIB orientifold models
Formulation of 11-dimensional supergravity in superspace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cremmer, E.; Ferrara, S.

1980-01-01

We formulate on-shell 11-dimensional supergravity in superspace and express its equations of motion in terms of purely geometrical quantities. All torsion and curvature components are solved in terms of a single superfield Wsub(rstu), totally antisymmetric in its (flat vector) indices. The dimensional reduction of this formulation is expected to be related to the superspace formulation of N = 8 extended supergravity and might explain the origin of the hidden (local) SU(8) and (global) E 7 symmetries present in this theory. (orig.)
Supersymmetry, supergravity and particle physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nilles, H.P.

1984-01-01

We give a short introduction to N=1 supersymmetry and supergravity and review the attempts to construct models in which the breakdown scale of the weak interactions is related to supersymmetry breaking. (orig.)
D=3 unification of curious supergravities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duff, M.J. [Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Mathematical Institute University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building,Woodstock Road, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX2 6GG (United Kingdom); Ferrara, S. [Theoretical Physics Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva (Switzerland); INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati,Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy andMani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, UCLA,Los Angeles CA 90095-1547 (United States); Marrani, A. [Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”,Via Panisperna 89A, I-00184, Roma (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”,Università di Padova and INFN, Sez. di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova (Italy); Theoretical Physics Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva (Switzerland)

2017-01-09

We consider the dimensional reduction to D=3 of four maximal-rank supergravities which preserve minimal supersymmetry in D=11, 7, 5 and 4. Such “curious” theories were investigated some time ago, and the four-dimensional one corresponds to an N=1 supergravity with 7 chiral multiplets spanning the seven-disk manifold. Recently, this latter theory provided cosmological models for α-attractors, which are based on the disk geometry with possible restrictions on the parameter α. A unified picture emerges in D=3, where the Ehlers group of General Relativity merges with the S-, T- and U- dualities of the D=4 parent theories.

Topics in supergravity and string theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eastaugh, A.G.

1987-01-01

The first topic covered in this dissertation concerns the harmonic expansion technique and its application to the dimensional compactification of higher dimensional supergravity. A simple example is given to explain the method and then the method is applied to the problem of obtaining the mass spectrum of the squashed seven-sphere compactification of eleven dimensional supergravity. The second topic concerns the application of Fujikawa's method of anomaly calculation to the calculation of the critical dimension of various string models. The third topic is a study and explicit calculation of the Fock space representation of the vertex in Witten's formulation of the interacting open bosonic string field theory
Aspects of Weyl Supergravity arXiv

CERN Document Server

Ferrara, Sergio; Lust, Dieter

In this paper we study the spectrum of all conformal, ${\\cal N}$-extended supergravities (${\\cal N}=1,2,3,4$) in four space-time dimensions. When these theories are obtained as massless limit of Einstein plus Weyl$^2$supergravity, the appropriate counting of the enhanced gauge symmetries allow us to derive the massless spectrum which consist of a dipole ghost graviton multiplet, a ${\\cal N}$-fold tripole ghost gravitino, the third state belonging to a spin 3/2 multiplet and a residual vector multiplet present for non-maximal ${\\cal N}<4$ theories. These theories are not expected to have a standard gravity holographic dual in five dimensions.
D = 3 Unification of Curious Supergravities

CERN Document Server

Duff, M.J.; Marrani, A.

2017-01-09

We consider the dimensional reduction to D = 3 of four maximal-rank supergravities which preserve minimal supersymmetry in D = 11, 7, 5 and 4. Such "curious" theories were investigated some time ago, and the four-dimensional one corresponds to an N = 1 supergravity with 7 chiral multiplets spanning the seven-disk manifold. Recently, this latter theory was considered to provide cosmological models for alpha-attractors, which are based on the disk geometry with possible restrictions on the parameter alpha. A unified picture emerges in D = 3, where the Ehlers group of General Relativity merges with the S-, T- and U- dualities of the D = 4 parent theories.
Flipped and unflipped SU(5) as type IIA flux vacua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen Chingming [George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Li Tianjun [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (United States) and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080 (China)]. E-mail: tjli@physics.rutgers.edu; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V. [George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Astroparticle Physics Group, Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC), Mitchell Campus, Woodlands, TX 77381 (United States); Academy of Athens, Division of Natural Sciences, 28 Panepistimiou Avenue, Athens 10679 (Greece)

2006-09-04

On type IIA orientifolds with flux compactifications in supersymmetric AdS vacua, we for the first time construct SU(5) models with three anti-symmetric 10 representations and without symmetric 15 representations. We show that all the pairs of the anti-fundamental 5-bar and fundamental 5 representations can obtain GUT/string-scale vector-like masses after the additional gauge symmetry breaking via supersymmetry preserving Higgs mechanism. Then we have exact three 5-bar , and no other chiral exotic particles that are charged under SU(5) due to the non-Abelian anomaly free condition. Moreover, we can break the SU(5) gauge symmetry down to the SM gauge symmetry via D6-brane splitting, and solve the doublet-triplet splitting problem. Assuming that the extra one (or several) pair(s) of Higgs doublets and adjoint particles obtain GUT/string-scale masses via high-dimensional operators, we only have the MSSM in the observable sector below the GUT scale. Then the observed low energy gauge couplings can be generated via RGE running if we choose the suitable grand unified gauge coupling by adjusting the string scale. Furthermore, we construct the first flipped SU(5) model with exact three 10, and the first flipped SU(5) model in which all the Yukawa couplings are allowed by the global U(1) symmetries.
Helical Phase Inflation and Monodromy in Supergravity Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tianjun Li

2015-01-01

Full Text Available We study helical phase inflation which realizes “monodromy inflation” in supergravity theory. In the model, inflation is driven by the phase component of a complex field whose potential possesses helicoid structure. We construct phase monodromy based on explicitly breaking global U(1 symmetry in the superpotential. By integrating out heavy fields, the phase monodromy from single complex scalar field is realized and the model fulfills natural inflation. The phase-axion alignment is achieved from explicitly symmetry breaking and gives super-Planckian phase decay constant. The F-term scalar potential provides strong field stabilization for all the scalars except inflaton, which is protected by the approximate global U(1 symmetry. Besides, we show that helical phase inflation can be naturally realized in no-scale supergravity with SU(2,1/SU(2×U(1 symmetry since the supergravity setup needed for phase monodromy is automatically provided in the no-scale Kähler potential. We also demonstrate that helical phase inflation can be reduced to another well-known supergravity inflation model with shift symmetry. Helical phase inflation is free from the UV-sensitivity problem although there is super-Planckian field excursion, and it suggests that inflation can be effectively studied based on supersymmetric field theory while a UV-completed framework is not prerequisite.
Supergravity solitons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aichelburg, P.C.; Embacher, F.

1987-01-01

The motion of a soliton in a supergravity background configuration is studied. The dynamics of the soliton is desribed by a trajectory in curved N = 2 superspace. For the proposed Langrangian the moments, the constraints and the generators of local supertranslations are displayed. An additional local gauge symmetry is exhibited. Special emphasis is laid on the classical equations of motion. These turn out to be a supersymmetric generalization of Papapetrou's equation of motion for a spinning particle in a gravitational field. (Author)
Phenomenology of R-parity violating minimal supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernhardt, M.A.

2008-02-01

We investigate in detail the low-energy spectrum of the P 6 violating minimal supergravity model using the SOFTSUSY spectrum code. We impose the experimental constraints from the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g-2) μ , the b→sγ decay, the branching ration of B s →μ + μ - , as well as the mass bound from direct searches at colliders, in particular the Higgs boson and the lightest Chargino. We focus on regions, where the lightest neutralino is not the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). In these regions of parameter space either the lightest scalar tau or one of the sneutrinos is the LSP. We suggest four benchmark points with typical spectra and novel collider signatures which we investigate with a parton level Monte-Carlo simulation. We give an outlook for their detailed phenomenological analysis and simulation by the LHC collaborations, then including detector effects. In addition, we discuss a full Monte-Carlo simulation for single slepton production in association with a single top quark via an LQD type operator at the hadron colliders LHC and Tevatron. We present these results and show a predicted range of detectability for this process- for small couplings in various minimal supergravity models at the LHC. (orig.)
Phenomenology of R-parity violating minimal supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernhardt, M.A.

2008-02-15

We investigate in detail the low-energy spectrum of the P{sub 6} violating minimal supergravity model using the SOFTSUSY spectrum code. We impose the experimental constraints from the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g-2){sub {mu}}, the b{yields}s{gamma} decay, the branching ration of B{sub s}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}, as well as the mass bound from direct searches at colliders, in particular the Higgs boson and the lightest Chargino. We focus on regions, where the lightest neutralino is not the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). In these regions of parameter space either the lightest scalar tau or one of the sneutrinos is the LSP. We suggest four benchmark points with typical spectra and novel collider signatures which we investigate with a parton level Monte-Carlo simulation. We give an outlook for their detailed phenomenological analysis and simulation by the LHC collaborations, then including detector effects. In addition, we discuss a full Monte-Carlo simulation for single slepton production in association with a single top quark via an LQD type operator at the hadron colliders LHC and Tevatron. We present these results and show a predicted range of detectability for this process- for small couplings in various minimal supergravity models at the LHC. (orig.)
A dangerous liaison: Leptin and sPLA2-IIA join forces to induce proliferation and migration of astrocytoma cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Martín

Full Text Available Glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of primary brain tumour, shows worse prognosis linked to diabetes or obesity persistence. These pathologies are chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by altered profiles of inflammatory mediators, including leptin and secreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA. Both proteins, in turn, display diverse pro-cancer properties in different cell types, including astrocytes. Herein, to understand the underlying relationship between obesity and brain tumors, we investigated the effect of leptin, alone or in combination with sPLA2-IIA on astrocytoma cell functions. sPLA2-IIA induced up-regulation of leptin receptors in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Leptin, as well as sPLA2-IIA, increased growth and migration in these cells, through activation/phosphorylation of key proteins of survival cascades. Leptin, at concentrations with minimal or no activating effects on astrocytoma cells, enhanced growth and migration promoted by low doses of sPLA2-IIA. sPLA2-IIA alone induced a transient phosphorylation pattern in the Src/ERK/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/rS6 pathway through EGFR transactivation, and co-addition of leptin resulted in a sustained phosphorylation of these signaling regulators. Mechanistically, EGFR transactivation and tyrosine- and serine/threonine-protein phosphatases revealed a key role in this leptin-sPLA2-IIA cross-talk. This cooperative partnership between both proteins was also found in primary astrocytes. These findings thus indicate that the adipokine leptin, by increasing the susceptibility of cells to inflammatory mediators, could contribute to worsen the prognosis of tumoral and neurodegenerative processes, being a potential mediator of some obesity-related medical complications.
Modified Dynamical Supergravity Breaking and Off-Diagonal Super-Higgs Effects

CERN Document Server

Gheorghiu, Tamara; Vacaru, Sergiu

2015-01-01

We argue that generic off-diagonal vacuum and nonvacuum solutions for Einstein manifolds mimic physical effects in modified gravity theories (MGTs) and encode certain models of $f(R,T,...)$, Ho\\vrava type with dynamical Lorentz symmetry breaking, induced effective mass for graviton etc. Our main goal is to investigate the dynamical breaking of local supersymmetry determined by off--diagonal solutions in MGTs encoded as effective Einstein spaces. This includes the Deser-Zumino super--Higgs effect, for instance, for an one--loop potential in a (simple but representative) model of $\\mathcal{N}=1, D=4$ supergravity. We develop and apply a new geometric techniques which allows us to decouple the gravitational field equations and integrate them in very general forms with metrics and vierbein fields depending on all spacetime coordinates via various generating and integration functions and parameters. We study how solutions in MGTs may be related to dynamical generation of a gravitino mass and supergravity breaking.
Septin 7 reduces nonmuscle myosin IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex and hinders GLUT4 storage vesicle docking and fusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wasik, Anita A.; Dumont, Vincent [Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki (Finland); Tienari, Jukka [Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, 05850 Hyvinkää (Finland); Nyman, Tuula A. [Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki (Finland); Fogarty, Christopher L.; Forsblom, Carol; Lehto, Markku [Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki (Finland); Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 000290 Helsinki (Finland); Diabetes& Obesity Research Program, Research Program´s Unit, 00014 University of Helsinki (Finland); Lehtonen, Eero [Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki (Finland); Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki (Finland); Groop, Per-Henrik [Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki (Finland); Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 000290 Helsinki (Finland); Diabetes& Obesity Research Program, Research Program´s Unit, 00014 University of Helsinki (Finland); Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, 3004 Melbourne (Australia); Lehtonen, Sanna, E-mail: sanna.h.lehtonen@helsinki.fi [Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki (Finland)

2017-01-15

Glomerular epithelial cells, podocytes, are insulin responsive and can develop insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase septin 7 forms a complex with nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA; encoded by MYH9), a component of the nonmuscle myosin IIA (NM-IIA) hexameric complex. We observed that knockdown of NMHC-IIA decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into podocytes. Both septin 7 and NM-IIA associate with SNAP23, a SNARE protein involved in GLUT4 storage vesicle (GSV) docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. We observed that insulin decreases the level of septin 7 and increases the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex, as visualized by increased phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. Also knockdown of septin 7 increases the activity of NM-IIA in the complex. The activity of NM-IIA is increased in diabetic rat glomeruli and cultured human podocytes exposed to macroalbuminuric sera from patients with type 1 diabetes. Collectively, the data suggest that the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex plays a key role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into podocytes. Furthermore, we observed that septin 7 reduces the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex and thereby hinders GSV docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. - Highlights: • Septin 7, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA) and SNAP23 form a complex. • Knockdown of septin 7 increases NM-IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex. • Insulin decreases septin 7 level and increases NM-IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex. • Septin 7 hinders GSV docking/fusion by reducing NM-IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex.
Septin 7 reduces nonmuscle myosin IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex and hinders GLUT4 storage vesicle docking and fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wasik, Anita A.; Dumont, Vincent; Tienari, Jukka; Nyman, Tuula A.; Fogarty, Christopher L.; Forsblom, Carol; Lehto, Markku; Lehtonen, Eero; Groop, Per-Henrik; Lehtonen, Sanna

2017-01-01

Glomerular epithelial cells, podocytes, are insulin responsive and can develop insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase septin 7 forms a complex with nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA; encoded by MYH9), a component of the nonmuscle myosin IIA (NM-IIA) hexameric complex. We observed that knockdown of NMHC-IIA decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into podocytes. Both septin 7 and NM-IIA associate with SNAP23, a SNARE protein involved in GLUT4 storage vesicle (GSV) docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. We observed that insulin decreases the level of septin 7 and increases the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex, as visualized by increased phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. Also knockdown of septin 7 increases the activity of NM-IIA in the complex. The activity of NM-IIA is increased in diabetic rat glomeruli and cultured human podocytes exposed to macroalbuminuric sera from patients with type 1 diabetes. Collectively, the data suggest that the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex plays a key role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into podocytes. Furthermore, we observed that septin 7 reduces the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex and thereby hinders GSV docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. - Highlights: • Septin 7, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA) and SNAP23 form a complex. • Knockdown of septin 7 increases NM-IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex. • Insulin decreases septin 7 level and increases NM-IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex. • Septin 7 hinders GSV docking/fusion by reducing NM-IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex.
Superstrings on AdS4xCP3 from supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Auria, Riccardo; Trigiante, Mario; Fre, Pietro; Grassi, Pietro Antonio

2009-01-01

We derive from a general formulation of pure spinor string theory on type IIA backgrounds the specific form of the action for the AdS 4 xCP 3 background. We provide a complete geometrical characterization of the structure of the superfields involved in the action.
HKT geometry and de Sitter supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grover, Jai; Gutowski, Jan B.; Herdeiro, Carlos A.R.; Sabra, Wafic

2009-01-01

Solutions of five-dimensional minimal de Sitter supergravity admitting Killing spinors are considered. It is shown that the 'timelike' solutions are determined in terms of a four-dimensional hyper-Kaehler torsion (HKT) manifold. If the HKT manifold is conformally hyper-Kaehler the most general solution can be obtained from a sub-class of supersymmetric solutions of minimal N=2 ungauged supergravity, by means of a simple transformation. Examples include a multi-BMPV de Sitter solution, describing multiple rotating black holes co-moving with the expansion of the universe. If the HKT manifold is not conformally hyper-Kaehler, examples admitting a tri-holomorphic Killing vector field are constructed in terms of certain solutions of three-dimensional Einstein-Weyl geometry
Stable supergravity dual of nonsupersymmetric glue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Babington, James; Crooks, David E.; Evans, Nick

2003-01-01

We study nonsupersymmetric fermion mass and condensate deformations of the AdS conformal field theory correspondence. The five dimensional supergravity flows are lifted to a complete and remarkably simple ten dimensional background. A brane probe analysis shows that when all the fermions have an equal mass a positive mass is generated for all six scalar fields leaving nonsupersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the deep infrared. We numerically determine the potential, produced by the background, in the Schroedinger equation relevant to the study of O ++ glueballs. The potential is a bounded well, providing evidence of stability and for a discrete, confined spectrum. The geometry can also describe the supergravity background around an (unstable) fuzzy 5-brane
On-shell diagrams for N=8 supergravity amplitudes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heslop, Paul; Lipstein, Arthur E. [Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University,Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (United Kingdom)

2016-06-10

We define recursion relations for N=8 supergravity amplitudes using a generalization of the on-shell diagrams developed for planar N=4 super-Yang-Mills. Although the recursion relations generically give rise to non-planar on-shell diagrams, we show that at tree-level the recursion can be chosen to yield only planar diagrams, the same diagrams occurring in the planar N=4 theory. This implies non-trivial identities for non-planar diagrams as well as interesting relations between the N=4 and N=8 theories. We show that the on-shell diagrams of N=8 supergravity obey equivalence relations analogous to those of N=4 super-Yang-Mills, and we develop a systematic algorithm for reading off Grassmannian integral formulae directly from the on-shell diagrams. We also show that the 1-loop 4-point amplitude of N=8 supergravity can be obtained from on-shell diagrams.
Two-Field Analysis of No-Scale Supergravity Inflation

CERN Document Server

Ellis, John; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V; Olive, Keith A

2015-01-01

Since the building-blocks of supersymmetric models include chiral superfields containing pairs of effective scalar fields, a two-field approach is particularly appropriate for models of inflation based on supergravity. In this paper, we generalize the two-field analysis of the inflationary power spectrum to supergravity models with arbitrary K\\"ahler potential. We show how two-field effects in the context of no-scale supergravity can alter the model predictions for the scalar spectral index $n_s$ and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, yielding results that interpolate between the Planck-friendly Starobinsky model and BICEP2-friendly predictions. In particular, we show that two-field effects in a chaotic no-scale inflation model with a quadratic potential are capable of reducing $r$ to very small values $\\ll 0.1$. We also calculate the non-Gaussianity measure $f_{\\rm NL}$, finding that is well below the current experimental sensitivity.
Secretory Phospholipase A2-IIA and Cardiovascular Disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holmes, Michael V; Simon, Tabassome; Exeter, Holly J

2013-01-01

This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA in cardiovascular disease.......This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA in cardiovascular disease....
Structure of N = 2 supergravity in N = 1 superfields

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Awada, M.A.; Mokhtari, S. (Imperial Coll. of Science and Technology, London (UK). Blackett Lab.)

1985-01-01

A formulation of N = 2 supergravity in N = 1 superspace is presented. The authors solve up to all orders the N = 2 supergravity constraints in terms of unconstrained N = 1 superfields. The structure of the N = 2 action in N = 1 superspace is examined. The proposed action coincides in the quadratic limit of the spin (3/2,1) matter fields with the action given by previous workers.
On the effective theory of type II string compactifications on nilmanifolds and coset spaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caviezel, Claudio

2009-01-01

In this thesis we analyzed a large number of type IIA strict SU(3)-structure compactifications with fluxes and O6/D6-sources, as well as type IIB static SU(2)-structure compactifications with fluxes and O5/O7-sources. Restricting to structures and fluxes that are constant in the basis of left-invariant one-forms, these models are tractable enough to allow for an explicit derivation of the four-dimensional low-energy effective theory. The six-dimensional compact manifolds we studied in this thesis are nilmanifolds based on nilpotent Lie-algebras, and, on the other hand, coset spaces based on semisimple and U(1)-groups, which admit a left-invariant strict SU(3)- or static SU(2)-structure. In particular, from the set of 34 distinct nilmanifolds we identified two nilmanifolds, the torus and the Iwasawa manifold, that allow for an AdS 4 , N = 1 type IIA strict SU(3)-structure solution and one nilmanifold allowing for an AdS 4 , N = 1 type IIB static SU(2)-structure solution. From the set of all the possible six-dimensional coset spaces, we identified seven coset spaces suitable for strict SU(3)-structure compactifications, four of which also allow for a static SU(2)-structure compactification. For all these models, we calculated the four-dimensional low-energy effective theory using N = 1 supergravity techniques. In order to write down the most general four-dimensional effective action, we also studied how to classify the different disconnected ''bubbles'' in moduli space. (orig.)

Problems in unification and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farrar, G.; Henyey, F.

1984-01-01

Problems in unification of the various gauge groups, quantum gravity, supersymmetry and supergravity, compact dimensions of space-time, and conditions at the beginning of the universe are discussed. Separate entries were prepared for the data base for the 15 papers presented
On the consistency of classical and quantum supergravity theories

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hack, Thomas-Paul [II. Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Hamburg (Germany); Makedonski, Mathias [Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (Denmark); Schenkel, Alexander [Department of Stochastics, University of Wuppertal (Germany)

2012-07-01

It is known that pure N=1 supergravity in d=4 spacetime dimensions is consistent at a classical and quantum level, i.e. that in a particular gauge the field equations assume a hyperbolic form - ensuring causal propagation of the degrees of freedom - and that the associated canonical quantum field theory satisfies unitarity. It seems, however, that it is yet unclear whether these properties persist if one considers the more general and realistic case of N=1, d=4 supergravity theories including arbitrary matter fields. We partially clarify the issue by introducing novel hyperbolic gauges for the gravitino field and proving that they commute with the resulting equations of motion. Moreover, we review recent partial results on the unitarity of these general supergravity theories and suggest first steps towards a comprehensive unitarity proof.
Supergravity tensor calculus in 5D from 6D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kugo, Taichiro; Ohashi, Keisuke

2000-01-01

Supergravity tensor calculus in five spacetime dimensions is derived by dimensional reduction from the d=6 superconformal tensor calculus. In particular, we obtain an off-shell hypermultiplet in 5D from the on-shell hypermultiplet in 6D. Our tensor calculus retains the dilatation gauge symmetry, so that it is a trivial gauge fixing to make the Einstein term canonical in a general matter-Yang-Mills-supergravity coupled system. (author)
Absence of U(1) anomalous superamplitudes in N≥5 supergravities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freedman, Daniel Z. [Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Stanford University,Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Mathematics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Kallosh, Renata; Murli, Divyanshu [Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Stanford University,Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Proeyen, Antoine Van [KU Leuven, Institute for Theoretical Physics,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001, Leuven (Belgium); Yamada, Yusuke [Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Stanford University,Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)

2017-05-12

We list all potential candidates for U(1) anomalous non-local 1-loop 4-point amplitudes and higher loop UV divergences in N≥5 supergravities. The relevant chiral superinvariants are constructed from linearized chiral superfields and define the corresponding superamplitudes. The anomalous amplitudes, of the kind present in N=4, are shown to be absent in N≥5. In N=6 supergravity the result is deduced from the double-copy (N=4){sub YM}×(N=2){sub YM} model, whereas in N=5,8 the result on absence of anomalous amplitudes is derived in supergravities as well as in the (N=4){sub YM}×(N−4){sub YM} double-copy models.
Scattering amplitudes in N=2 Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiodaroli, Marco; Günaydin, Murat; Johansson, Henrik; Roiban, Radu

2015-01-01

We expose a double-copy structure in the scattering amplitudes of the generic Jordan family of N=2 Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories in four and five dimensions. The Maxwell-Einstein supergravity amplitudes are obtained through the color/kinematics duality as a product of two gauge-theory factors; one originating from pure N=2 super-Yang-Mills theory and the other from the dimensional reduction of a bosonic higher-dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory. We identify a specific symplectic frame in four dimensions for which the on-shell fields and amplitudes from the double-copy construction can be identified with the ones obtained from the supergravity Lagrangian and Feynman-rule computations. The Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories are obtained by gauging a compact subgroup of the isometry group of their Maxwell-Einstein counterparts. For the generic Jordan family this process is identified with the introduction of cubic scalar couplings on the bosonic gauge-theory side, which through the double copy are responsible for the non-abelian vector interactions in the supergravity theory. As a demonstration of the power of this structure, we present explicit computations at tree-level and one loop. The double-copy construction allows us to obtain compact expressions for the supergravity superamplitudes, which are naturally organized as polynomials in the gauge coupling constant.
Problems in unification and supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farrar, G.; Henyey, F. (eds.)

1984-01-01

Problems in unification of the various gauge groups, quantum gravity, supersymmetry and supergravity, compact dimensions of space-time, and conditions at the beginning of the universe are discussed. Separate entries were prepared for the data base for the 15 papers presented. (WHK)
Tanshinone IIA protects PC12 cells from β-amyloid(25-35)-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Huimin; Mao, Shanping; Mao, Shanpin; Wei, Jiajun; Liu, Baohui; Zhang, Zhaohui; Zhang, Qian; Yan, Mingmin

2012-06-01

For the aging populations of any nation, Dementia is becoming a primary problem and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is the most common type. However, until now, there is no effective treatment for AD. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has been reported for neuroprotective potential to against amyloid β peptides (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12, which is widely used as AD research model, but the mechanism still remains unclear. To investigate the effect of Tan IIA and the possible molecular mechanism in the apoptosis of PC12 cells, we induced apoptosis in PC12 cells with β-amyloid(25-35), and treated cells with Tan IIA. After 24 h treatment, we found that Tan IIA increased the cell viability and reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by Aβ(25-35). However, neuroprotection of Tan IIA was abolished by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Meanwhile, Treatment with lithium chloride, a phosphorylation inhibitor of GSK3β, which is a downstream target of PI3K/Akt, can block Aβ(25-35)-induced cell apoptosis in a Tan IIA-like manner. Our findings suggest that Tan IIA is an effective neuroprotective agent and a viable candidate in AD therapy and PI3K/Akt activation and GSK3β phosphorylation are involved in the neuroprotection of Tan IIA.
Supersymmetric couplings and trajectories in N = 1 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castagnino, M.; Umerez, N.; Domenech, G.; Levinas, M.

1989-01-01

The present work deals with the classical behaviour of matter represented by chiral multiplets in a background of N = 1 supergravity. The WKB method is used. It is shown that supersymmetric coupling leads, at the lowest order, to a non-geodesic motion law for spin-1/2 matter. This result permits us to establish physical differences with respect to gravitational theories with minimal coupled matter Lagrangians. Deviations from the Newton law are found, allowing us to speculate about low-energy effects for testing supergravity. (author)
Motivations for AdS/QCD from 10D supergravity solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Paula, Wayne

2016-01-01

We discuss some attempts for the construction of gravity duals of QCD-like theories. It is analysed some properties of solutions of 10D Type IIB supergravity theory that attempt to be dual to N= 1 gauge theories, in particular the solutions that belong to Papadoulos-Tseytlin ansatz. We argue that one could obtain 5D effective theories from 10d solutions and it motivates the use of phenomenological AdS/QCD models. (paper)
Crystal structure of MboIIA methyltransferase

OpenAIRE

Osipiuk, Jerzy; Walsh, Martin A.; Joachimiak, Andrzej

2003-01-01

DNA methyltransferases (MTases) are sequence-specific enzymes which transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to the amino group of either cytosine or adenine within a recognized DNA sequence. Methylation of a base in a specific DNA sequence protects DNA from nucleolytic cleavage by restriction enzymes recognizing the same DNA sequence. We have determined at 1.74 Å resolution the crystal structure of a β-class DNA MTase MboIIA (M·MboIIA) from the bacterium Moraxella bovis,...
Generalized Lie superalgebras and a supergravity with a positive cosmological constant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasil'ev, M.A.

1984-01-01

A new law for forming the Hermitian conjugation makes it possible to construct a Hermitian action for a supergravity with a positive cosmological constant Λ. This modified conjugation leads to generalized (Z 2 x Z 2 -gauge) Lie superalgebras that correspond to a supergravity with Λ>0
Cartan's geometrical structure of supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baaklini, N.S.

1977-06-01

The geometrical partnership of the vierbein and the spin-3/2 field in the structure of the supergravity Lagrangian is emphasized. Both fields are introduced as component of the same matrix differential form. The only local symmetry of the theory is SL(2,C)
A complete solution of the Bianchi identities in superspace with supergravity constraints

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grimm, R.; Wess, J.; Zumino, B.

1979-01-01

A short discussion of the superspace formulation of supergravity is given and the Bianchi identities are derived. The supergravity constraints are imposed and the identities are solved in terms of superfields and their covariant derivatives. (Auth.)
d=3 Chern-Simons action, supergravity and quantization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dayi, O.F.

1989-01-01

An interpretation of three-dimensional simple supergravity as a pure Chern-Simons gauge action is shown to be valid up to the one loop level. Canonical quantization of this system does not lead to an explicit definition of the physical Hilbert space. Hence another formulation of the N = 1 three-dimensional supergravity is introduced. In this formalism an explicit definition of the physical Hilbert space is possible, but still one has to solve the problems of showing that there exists a global set of coordinates and of defining the inner product. (author). 10 refs
Single-centered black hole microstate degeneracies from instantons in supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Murthy, Sameer; Reys, Valentin

2016-04-01

We obtain holographic constraints on the microscopic degeneracies of black holes by computing the exact macroscopic quantum entropy using localization, including the effects of string worldsheet instantons in the supergravity effective action. For 1/4 -BPS black holes in type II string theory on K3 × T 2, the constraints can be explicitly checked against expressions for the microscopic BPS counting functions that are known in terms of certain mock modular forms. We find that the effect of including the infinite sum over instantons in the holomorphic prepotential of the supergravity leads to a sum over Bessel functions with successively sub-leading arguments as in the Rademacher expansion of Jacobi forms — but begins to disagree with such a structure near an order where the mock modular nature becomes relevant. This leads to a systematic method to recover the polar terms of the microscopic degeneracies from the degeneracy of instantons (the Gromov-Witten invariants). We check explicitly that our formula agrees with the known microscopic answer for the first seven values of the magnetic charge invariant.
Single-centered black hole microstate degeneracies from instantons in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murthy, Sameer; Reys, Valentin

2016-01-01

We obtain holographic constraints on the microscopic degeneracies of black holes by computing the exact macroscopic quantum entropy using localization, including the effects of string worldsheet instantons in the supergravity effective action. For (1/4)-BPS black holes in type II string theory on K3×T 2 , the constraints can be explicitly checked against expressions for the microscopic BPS counting functions that are known in terms of certain mock modular forms. We find that the effect of including the infinite sum over instantons in the holomorphic prepotential of the supergravity leads to a sum over Bessel functions with successively sub-leading arguments as in the Rademacher expansion of Jacobi forms — but begins to disagree with such a structure near an order where the mock modular nature becomes relevant. This leads to a systematic method to recover the polar terms of the microscopic degeneracies from the degeneracy of instantons (the Gromov-Witten invariants). We check explicitly that our formula agrees with the known microscopic answer for the first seven values of the magnetic charge invariant.
Secretory Phospholipase A(2)-IIA and Cardiovascular Disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Holmes, Michael V.; Simon, Tabassome; Exeter, Holly J.; Folkersen, Lasse; Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Guardiola, Montse; Cooper, Jackie A.; Palmen, Jutta; Hubacek, Jaroslav A.; Carruthers, Kathryn F.; Horne, Benjamin D.; Brunisholz, Kimberly D.; Mega, Jessica L.; Van Iperen, Erik P. A.; Li, Mingyao; Leusink, Maarten; Trompet, Stella; Verschuren, Jeffrey J. W.; Hovingh, G. Kees; Dehghan, Abbas; Nelson, Christopher P.; Kotti, Salma; Danchin, Nicolas; Scholz, Markus; Haase, Christiane L.; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Swerdlow, Daniel I.; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B.; Staines-Urias, Eleonora; Goel, Anuj; van 't Hooft, Ferdinand; Gertow, Karl; de Faire, Ulf; Panayiotou, Andrie G.; Tremoli, Elena; Baldassarre, Damiano; Veglia, Fabrizio; Holdt, Lesca M.; Beutner, Frank; Gansevoort, Ron T.; Navis, Gerjan J.; Mateo Leach, Irene; Breitling, Lutz P.; Brenner, Hermann; Thiery, Joachim; Dallmeier, Dhayana; Franco-Cereceda, Anders; Boer, Jolanda M. A.; Stephens, Jeffrey W.; Hofker, Marten H.; Tedgui, Alain; Hofman, Albert; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Adamkova, Vera; Pitha, Jan; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Cramer, Maarten J.; Nathoe, Hendrik M.; Spiering, Wilko; Klungel, Olaf H.; Kumari, Meena; Whincup, Peter H.; Morrow, David A.; Braund, Peter S.; Hall, Alistair S.; Olsson, Anders G.; Doevendans, Pieter A.; Trip, Mieke D.; Tobin, Martin D.; Hamsten, Anders; Watkins, Hugh; Koenig, Wolfgang; Nicolaides, Andrew N.; Teupser, Daniel; Day, Ian N. M.; Carlquist, John F.; Gaunt, Tom R.; Ford, Ian; Sattar, Naveed; Tsimikas, Sotirios; Schwartz, Gregory G.; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Morris, Richard W.; Sandhu, Manjinder S.; Poledne, Rudolf; Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Keating, Brendan J.; van der Harst, Pim; Price, Jackie F.; Mehta, Shamir R.; Yusuf, Salim; Witteman, Jaqueline C. M.; Franco, Oscar H.; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Knijff, Peter; Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne; Rader, Daniel J.; Farrall, Martin; Samani, Nilesh J.; Kivimaki, Mika; Fox, Keith A. A.; Humphries, Steve E.; Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Boekholdt, S. Matthijs; Palmer, Tom M.; Eriksson, Per; Pare, Guillaume; Hingorani, Aroon D.; Sabatine, Marc S.; Mallat, Ziad; Casas, Juan P.; Talmud, Philippa J.

2013-01-01

Objectives This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2))-IIA in cardiovascular disease. Background Higher circulating levels of sPLA(2)-IIA mass or sPLA(2) enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is not
Kac-Moody symmetries of ten-dimensional non-maximal supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schnakenburg, Igor; West, Peter

2004-01-01

A description of the bosonic sector of ten-dimensional N=1 supergravity as a non-linear realisation is given. We show that if a suitable extension of this theory were invariant under a Kac-Moody algebra, then this algebra would have to contain a rank eleven Kac-Moody algebra, that can be identified to be a particular real form of very-extended D 8 . We also describe the extension of N=1 supergravity coupled to an abelian vector gauge field as a non-linear realisation, and find the Kac-Moody algebra governing the symmetries of this theory to be very-extended B 8 . Finally, we discuss the related points for the N=1 supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of abelian vector gauge fields. (author)
Super-BMS{sub 3} algebras from N=2 flat supergravities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lodato, Ivano [Indian Institute of Science Education and Research,Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008 (India); Merbis, Wout [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology,Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna (Austria)

2016-11-24

We consider two possible flat space limits of three dimensional N=(1,1) AdS supergravity. They differ by how the supercharges are scaled with the AdS radius ℓ: the first limit (democratic) leads to the usual super-Poincaré theory, while a novel ‘twisted’ theory of supergravity stems from the second (despotic) limit. We then propose boundary conditions such that the asymptotic symmetry algebras at null infinity correspond to supersymmetric extensions of the BMS algebras previously derived in connection to non- and ultra-relativistic limits of the N=(1,1) Virasoro algebra in two dimensions. Finally, we study the supersymmetric energy bounds and find the explicit form of the asymptotic and global Killing spinors of supersymmetric solutions in both flat space supergravity theories.
Inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on rat hepatic stellate cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ya-Wei Liu

Full Text Available Anti-inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs is one therapeutic approach to hepatic fibrosis. Tanshinone IIA (C19H18O3, Tan IIA is a lipophilic diterpene isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, with reported anti-inflammatory activity. We tested whether Tan IIA could inhibit HSC activation.The cell line of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6 was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS (100 ng/ml. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. HSC-T6 cells were pretreated with Tan IIA (1, 3 and 10 µM, then induced by LPS (100 ng/ml. NF-κB activity was evaluated by the luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blotting analysis was performed to measure NF-κB-p65, and phosphorylations of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38. Cell chemotaxis was assessed by both wound-healing assay and trans-well invasion assay. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect gene expression in HSC-T6 cells.All concentrations of drugs showed no cytotoxicity against HSC-T6 cells. LPS stimulated NF-κB luciferase activities, nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, and phosphorylations of ERK, JNK and p38, all of which were suppressed by Tan IIA. In addition, Tan IIA significantly inhibited LPS-induced HSCs chemotaxis, in both wound-healing and trans-well invasion assays. Moreover, Tan IIA attenuated LPS-induced mRNA expressions of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, iNOS, and α-SMA in HSC-T6 cells.Our results demonstrated that Tan IIA decreased LPS-induced HSC activation.

D2-D8 system with massive strings and the Lifshitz spacetimes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singh, Harvendra [Theory Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064 (India); Homi Bhabha National Institute,Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094 (India)

2017-04-04

The Romans’ type IIA supergravity allows fundamental strings to have explicit mass term at the tree level. We show that there exists a (F1,D2,D8) brane configuration which gives rise to Lif{sub 4}{sup (2)}×R{sup 1}×S{sup 5} vacua supported by the massive strings. The presence of D8-branes naturally excites massive fundamental strings. A compactification on circle relates these Lifshitz massive type-IIA background with the axion-flux Lif{sub 4}{sup (2)}×S{sup 1}×S{sup 5} vacua in ordinary type-IIB theory. The massive T-duality in eight dimensions further relates them to yet another (Lif)-tilde {sub 4}{sup (2)}×S{sup 1}×S{sup 5} vacua constituted by (F1,D0,D6) system in ordinary type IIA theory. The latter vacua after compactification to four dimensions generate two ‘distinct’ electric charges and a constant magnetic field, all living over 2-dimensional plane. This somewhat reminds us of a similar set up in quantum Hall systems.
The goldstino brane, the constrained superfields and matter in N=1 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bandos, Igor; Heller, Markus; Kuzenko, Sergei M.; Martucci, Luca; Sorokin, Dmitri

2016-01-01

We show that different (brane and constrained superfield) descriptions for the Volkov-Akulov goldstino coupled to N=1, D=4 supergravity with matter produce similar wide classes of models with spontaneously broken local supersymmetry and discuss the relation between the different formulations. As with the formulations with irreducible constrained superfields, the geometric goldstino brane approach has the advantage of being manifestly off-shell supersymmetric without the need to introduce auxiliary fields. It provides an explicit solution of the nilpotent superfield constraints and avoids issues with non-Gaussian integration of auxiliary fields. We describe general couplings of the supersymmetry breaking sector, including the goldstino and other non-supersymmetric matter, to supergravity and matter supermultiplets. Among various examples, we discuss a goldstino brane contribution to the gravitino mass term and the supersymmetrization of the anti-D3-brane contribution to the effective theory of type IIB warped flux compactifications.
The goldstino brane, the constrained superfields and matter in N=1 supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandos, Igor [Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science,48011, Bilbao (Spain); Heller, Markus [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei' , Università degli Studi di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Institut für Theoretische Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität,Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Kuzenko, Sergei M. [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia); Martucci, Luca [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei' , Università degli Studi di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); INFN - Sezione di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Sorokin, Dmitri [INFN - Sezione di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei' , Università degli Studi di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy)

2016-11-21

We show that different (brane and constrained superfield) descriptions for the Volkov-Akulov goldstino coupled to N=1, D=4 supergravity with matter produce similar wide classes of models with spontaneously broken local supersymmetry and discuss the relation between the different formulations. As with the formulations with irreducible constrained superfields, the geometric goldstino brane approach has the advantage of being manifestly off-shell supersymmetric without the need to introduce auxiliary fields. It provides an explicit solution of the nilpotent superfield constraints and avoids issues with non-Gaussian integration of auxiliary fields. We describe general couplings of the supersymmetry breaking sector, including the goldstino and other non-supersymmetric matter, to supergravity and matter supermultiplets. Among various examples, we discuss a goldstino brane contribution to the gravitino mass term and the supersymmetrization of the anti-D3-brane contribution to the effective theory of type IIB warped flux compactifications.
24 +24 real scalar multiplet in four dimensional N =2 conformal supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Hegde, Subramanya; Lodato, Ivano; Sahoo, Bindusar

2018-03-01

Starting from the 48 +48 component multiplet of supercurrents for a rigid N =2 tensor multiplet in four spacetime dimensions, we obtain the transformation of the linearized supergravity multiplet which couples to this supercurrent multiplet. At the linearized level, this 48 +48 component supergravity multiplet decouples into the 24 +24 component linearized standard Weyl multiplet and a 24 +24 component irreducible matter multiplet containing a real scalar field. By a consistent application of the supersymmetry algebra with field-dependent structure constants appropriate to N =2 conformal supergravity, we find the full transformation law for this multiplet in a conformal supergravity background. By performing a suitable field redefinition, we find that the multiplet is a generalization of the flat space multiplet, obtained by Howe et al. in Nucl. Phys. B214, 519 (1983), 10.1016/0550-3213(83)90249-3, to a conformal supergravity background. We also present a set of constraints which can be consistently imposed on this multiplet to obtain a restricted minimal 8 +8 off-shell matter multiplet. We also show, as an example, the precise embedding of the tensor multiplet inside this multiplet.
Pole inflation in Jordan frame supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saikawa, Ken' ichi [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Yamaguchi, Masahide [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama (Japan). Dept. of Physics; Yamashita, Yasuho [Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Yukawa Inst. for Theoretical Physics; Yoshida, Daisuke [Montreal Univ., QC (Canada). Dept. of Physics

2017-09-15

We investigate inflation models in Jordan frame supergravity, in which an inflaton non-minimally couples to the scalar curvature. By imposing the condition that an inflaton would have the canonical kinetic term in the Jordan frame, we construct inflation models with asymptotically flat potential through pole inflation technique and discuss their relation to the models based on Einstein frame supergravity. We also show that the model proposed by Ferrara et al. has special position and the relation between the Kaehler potential and the frame function is uniquely determined by requiring that scalars take the canonical kinetic terms in the Jordan frame and that a frame function consists only of a holomorphic term (and its anti-holomorphic counterpart) for symmetry breaking terms. Our case corresponds to relaxing the latter condition.
Pole inflation in Jordan frame supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saikawa, Ken'ichi; Yamaguchi, Masahide; Yamashita, Yasuho; Yoshida, Daisuke

2017-09-01

We investigate inflation models in Jordan frame supergravity, in which an inflaton non-minimally couples to the scalar curvature. By imposing the condition that an inflaton would have the canonical kinetic term in the Jordan frame, we construct inflation models with asymptotically flat potential through pole inflation technique and discuss their relation to the models based on Einstein frame supergravity. We also show that the model proposed by Ferrara et al. has special position and the relation between the Kaehler potential and the frame function is uniquely determined by requiring that scalars take the canonical kinetic terms in the Jordan frame and that a frame function consists only of a holomorphic term (and its anti-holomorphic counterpart) for symmetry breaking terms. Our case corresponds to relaxing the latter condition.
Nonlinear self-duality and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuzenko, Sergei M.; McCarthy, Shane A.

2003-01-01

The concept of self-dual supersymmetric nonlinear electrodynamics is generalized to a curved superspace of N=1 supergravity, for both the old minimal and the new minimal versions of N=1 supergravity. We derive the self-duality equation, which has to be satisfied by the action functional of any U(1) duality invariant model of a massless vector multiplet, and construct a family of self-dual nonlinear models. This family includes a curved superspace extension of the N=1 super Born-Infeld action. The supercurrent and supertrace in such models are proved to be duality invariant. The most interesting and unexpected result is that the requirement of nonlinear self-duality yields nontrivial couplings of the vector multiplet to Kaehler sigma models. We explicitly derive the couplings to general Kaehler sigma models in the case when the matter chiral multiplets are inert under the duality rotations, and more specifically to the dilaton-axion chiral multiplet when the group of duality rotations is enhanced to SL(2,R). (author)
Solution of N=2 supergravity constraints in terms of N=1 superfields

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Awada, M.A.; Mokhtari, S. (Imperial Coll. of Science and Technology, London (UK). Blackett Lab.)

1984-08-30

The constraints of N=2 supergravity are given in terms of N=1 supergravity and matter fields. We exhibit the solution of these constraints to all orders in terms of N=1 superfields; and we propose a structure for the action.
Unconstrained multiplet in N=2 conformal supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, Masahito; Uehara, Shozo.

1985-02-01

An unconstrained (general) multiplet was studied in N = 2 conformal supergravity. Transformation law, embedding formula and multiplication rule are explicitly presented at the linearized level. (author)
Construction of N=8 supergravity theories by dimensional reduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boucher, W.

1985-01-01

In this paper I ask which N=8 supergravity theories in four dimensions can be obtained by dimensional reduction of the N=1 supergravity theory in eleven dimensions. Several years ago Scherk and Schwarz produced a particular class of N = 8 theories by giving a dimensional reduction scheme on the restricted class of coset spaces, G/H, with dim H=0 (and therefore dim G=7). I generalize their considerations by looking at arbitrary (seven-dimensional) coset spaces. Also, instead of giving a particular ansatz which happens to work, I set about the distinctly more difficult task of determining all ansatzes which produce N=8 theories. The basic ingredient of my dimensional reduction scheme is the demand that certain symmetries, including supersymmetry, be truncated consistently. I find the surprising result that the only N=8 theories obtainable within the contexts of my scheme are those theories already written down by Scherk and Schwarz. In particular dim H=0 and dim G=7. Independently of these considerations, I prove that any dimensional reduction scheme which consistently truncates supersymmetry must also be consistent with the equations of motion. I discuss Lorentz-invariant solutions of the theories of Scherk and Schwarz, pointing out that since the ansatz of Scherk and Schwarz consistently truncates supersymmetry, any solution of these theories is also a solution of the N=1 supergravity theory in eleven dimensions and, hence, in particular that there is a Freund-Rubin-type ansatz for these theories. However I demonstrate that for most gauge groups the ansatz must be trivial which implies that for these theories the cosmological constant of any Lorentz-invariant solution must be zero (classically). Finally, I make some comparisons with work by Manton on dimensional reduction. (orig.)
Non-linear realizations and higher curvature supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farakos, F. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ' ' Galileo Galilei' ' , Universita di Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova (Italy); Ferrara, S. [Department of Theoretical Physics, Geneva (Switzerland); INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, CA (United States); Kehagias, A. [Physics Division, National Technical University of Athens (Greece); Luest, D. [Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Muenchen (Germany); Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, Muenchen (Germany)

2017-12-15

We focus on non-linear realizations of local supersymmetry as obtained by using constrained superfields in supergravity. New constraints, beyond those of rigid supersymmetry, are obtained whenever curvature multiplets are affected as well as higher derivative interactions are introduced. In particular, a new constraint, which removes a very massive gravitino is introduced, and in the rigid limit it merely reduces to an explicit supersymmetry breaking. Higher curvature supergravities free of ghosts and instabilities are also obtained in this way. Finally, we consider direct coupling of the goldstino multiplet to the super Gauss-Bonnet multiplet and discuss the emergence of a new scalar degree of freedom. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High energy scattering in gravity and supergravity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

B. Giddings, Steven; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, Maximilian; Andersen, Jeppe Rosenkrantz

2010-01-01

We investigate features of perturbative gravity and supergravity by studying scattering in the ultraplanckian limit, and sharpen arguments that the dynamics is governed by long-distance physics. A simple example capturing aspects of the eikonal resummation suggests why short distance phenomena...... and in particular divergences or nonrenormalizability do not necessarily play a central role in this regime. A more profound problem is apparently unitarity. These considerations can be illustrated by showing that known gravity and supergravity amplitudes have the same long-distance behavior, despite the extra...... a physical scattering process, and ultraplanckian scattering exhibiting Regge behavior. These arguments sharpen the need to find a nonperturbative completion of gravity with mechanisms which restore unitarity in the strong gravity regime....
Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA is a critical factor contributing to the efficiency of early infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yinyan; Qi, Yonghe; Liu, Chenxuan; Gao, Wenqing; Chen, Pan; Fu, Liran; Peng, Bo; Wang, Haimin; Jing, Zhiyi; Zhong, Guocai; Li, Wenhui

2014-01-01

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family. Most patients infected by SFTSV present with fever and thrombocytopenia, and up to 30% die due to multiple-organ dysfunction. The mechanisms by which SFTSV enters multiple cell types are unknown. SFTSV contains two species of envelope glycoproteins, Gn (44.2 kDa) and Gc (56 kDa), both of which are encoded by the M segment and are cleaved from a precursor polypeptide (about 116 kDa) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Gn fused with an immunoglobulin Fc tag at its C terminus (Gn-Fc) bound to multiple cells susceptible to the infection of SFTSV and blocked viral infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Immunoprecipitation assays following mass spectrometry analysis showed that Gn binds to nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA), a cellular protein with surface expression in multiple cell types. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of NMMHC-IIA, but not the closely related NMMHC-IIB or NMMHC-IIC, reduced SFTSV infection, and NMMHC-IIA specific antibody blocked infection by SFTSV but not other control viruses. Overexpression of NMMHC-IIA in HeLa cells, which show limited susceptivity to SFTSV, markedly enhanced SFTSV infection of the cells. These results show that NMMHC-IIA is critical for the cellular entry of SFTSV. As NMMHC-IIA is essential for the normal functions of platelets and human vascular endothelial cells, it is conceivable that NMMHC-IIA directly contributes to the pathogenesis of SFTSV and may be a useful target for antiviral interventions against the viral infection.
Effects of the gravivector and graviscalar fields in N = 2,8 supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bellucci, S. [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Rome (Italy); Faraoni, V. [Victoria Univ., BC (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

1996-05-01

The available tests of the equivalence principle constrain the mass of the Higgs-like boson appearing in extended supergravity theories. The authors determine the constraints imposed by high precision experiments on the antigravity fields (gravivector and graviscalar) arising from N = 2,8 supergravity.
Effects of starch synthase IIa gene dosage on grain, protein and starch in endosperm of wheat.

Science.gov (United States)

Konik-Rose, Christine; Thistleton, Jenny; Chanvrier, Helene; Tan, Ihwa; Halley, Peter; Gidley, Michael; Kosar-Hashemi, Behjat; Wang, Hong; Larroque, Oscar; Ikea, Joseph; McMaugh, Steve; Regina, Ahmed; Rahman, Sadequr; Morell, Matthew; Li, Zhongyi

2007-11-01

Starch synthases (SS) are responsible for elongating the alpha-1,4 glucan chains of starch. A doubled haploid population was generated by crossing a line of wheat, which lacks functional ssIIa genes on each genome (abd), and an Australian wheat cultivar, Sunco, with wild type ssIIa alleles on each genome (ABD). Evidence has been presented previously indicating that the SGP-1 (starch granule protein-1) proteins present in the starch granule in wheat are products of the ssIIa genes. Analysis of 100 progeny lines demonstrated co-segregation of the ssIIa alleles from the three genomes with the SGP-1 proteins, providing further evidence that the SGP-1 proteins are the products of the ssIIa genes. From the progeny lines, 40 doubled haploid lines representing the eight possible genotypes for SSIIa (ABD, aBD, AbD, ABd, abD, aBd, Abd, abd) were characterized for their grain weight, protein content, total starch content and starch properties. For some properties (chain length distribution, pasting properties, swelling power, and gelatinization properties), a progressive change was observed across the four classes of genotypes (wild type, single nulls, double nulls and triple nulls). However, for other grain properties (seed weight and protein content) and starch properties (total starch content, granule morphology and crystallinity, granule size distribution, amylose content, amylose-lipid dissociation properties), a statistically significant change only occurred for the triple nulls, indicating that all three genes had to be missing or inactive for a change to occur. These results illustrate the importance of SSIIa in controlling grain and starch properties and the importance of amylopectin fine structure in controlling starch granule properties in wheat.
Quantum creation of the universe in N = 8 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncharov, Yu.P.; Bytsenko, A.A.

1988-01-01

We discuss the possibility of quantum creation of an inflationary universe filled with the fields of maximal extended N = 8 supergravity. If the created universe has spatial topology (S 1 ) 3 and after the creation Starobinskii's inflationary scenario through the topological Casimir effect in N = 8 supergravity is realized, the probability of creation of such a universe can be estimated in the semiclassical approximation. The estimate shows that the creation of a universe with a more isotropic topology is more probable
Differential and integral forms in supergauge theories and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zupnik, B.M.; Pak, D.G.

1989-01-01

D = 3, 4, N = 1 supergauge theories and D = 3, N = 1 supergravity are considered in the superfield formalism by using differential and integral forms. A special map of the space of differential forms into the space of integral forms is proposed. By means of this map we find the superfield Chern-Simons terms in D = 3, N = 1 Yang-Mills theory and supergravity. The integral forms corresponding to superfield invariants of D = 4, N = 1 supergauge theory have also been constructed. (Author)
Simplifications of Einstein supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrara, S.; van Nieuwenhuizen, P.

1979-01-01

Using a new symmetry of the Einstein supergravity action and defining a new spin connection, the axial-vector auxiliary field cancels in the gauge action and in the gauge algebra. This explains why in some models a first-order formalism with minimal coupling of the spin connection and tensor calculus agree, while in other models only the tensor calculus gives the correct result but torsion does not
Position of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA) mutations predicts the natural history of MYH9-related disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pecci, A.; Panza, E.; Pujol-Moix, N.

2008-01-01

MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder caused by mutations in MYH9, the gene for the heavy chain of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMMHC-IIA). All patients present from birth with macrothrombocytopenia, but in infancy or adult life, some of them develop sensorineural deafness...... to 50 unrelated pedigrees. The risk of noncongenital manifestations associated with different genotypes was estimated over time by event-free survival analysis. We demonstrated that all subjects with mutations in the motor domain of NMMHC-IIA present with severe thrombocytopenia and develop nephritis...... and deafness before the age of 40 years, while those with mutations in the tail domain have a much lower risk of noncongenital complications and significantly higher platelet counts. We also evaluated the clinical course of patients with mutations in the four most frequently affected residues of NMMHC...
Generalized Attractor Points in Gauged Supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kachru, Shamit; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept. /SLAC; Kallosh, Renata; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Shmakova, Marina; /KIPAC, Menlo Park /SLAC /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.

2011-08-15

The attractor mechanism governs the near-horizon geometry of extremal black holes in ungauged 4D N=2 supergravity theories and in Calabi-Yau compactifications of string theory. In this paper, we study a natural generalization of this mechanism to solutions of arbitrary 4D N=2 gauged supergravities. We define generalized attractor points as solutions of an ansatz which reduces the Einstein, gauge field, and scalar equations of motion to algebraic equations. The simplest generalized attractor geometries are characterized by non-vanishing constant anholonomy coefficients in an orthonormal frame. Basic examples include Lifshitz and Schroedinger solutions, as well as AdS and dS vacua. There is a generalized attractor potential whose critical points are the attractor points, and its extremization explains the algebraic nature of the equations governing both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric attractors.

Maslinic acid modulates secreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Wei Hsum Yap

2018-03-29

Mar 29, 2018 ... Further analysis revealed that sPLA2-IIA only induced modest LDL oxidation and that inhibitory .... COX-2, was also reduced in primary human chondrocyte, primary rat .... oxidation (4.34 nmol MDA/mg protein) compared to native ..... rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte arachidonic acid meta- bolism.
The structure of N = 2 supergravity in N = 1 superfields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Awada, M.A.; Mokhtari, S.

1985-01-01

A formulation of N = 2 supergravity in N = 1 superspace is presented. The authors solve up to all orders the N = 2 supergravity constraints in terms of unconstrained N = 1 superfields. The structure of the N = 2 action in N = 1 superspace is examined. The proposed action coincides in the quadratic limit of the spin (3/2,1) matter fields with the action given by previous workers. (author)
Chern-Simons supergravity plus matter near the boundary of AdS3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deger, N.S.; Kaya, A.; Sezgin, E.; Sundell, P.; Tanii, Y.

2001-01-01

We examine the boundary behaviour of the gauged N=(2,0) supergravity in D=3 coupled to an arbitrary number of scalar supermultiplets which parametrize a Kaehler manifold. In addition to the gravitational coupling constant, the model depends on two parameters, namely the cosmological constant and the size of the Kaehler manifold. It is shown that regular and irregular boundary conditions can be imposed on the matter fields depending on the size of the sigma model manifold. It is also shown that the super AdS transformations in the bulk produce the transformations of the N=(2,0) conformal supergravity and scalar multiplets on the boundary, containing fields with nonvanishing Weyl weights determined by the ratio of the sigma model and the gravitational coupling constants. Various types of (2,0) superconformal multiplets are found on the boundary and in one case the superconformal symmetry is shown to be realized in an unconventional way
Lagrangians of N=2 supergravity-matter systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wit, B. de; Proeyen, A. van; Lauwers, P.G.

1984-12-01

We present explicit expressions for general actions of vector and scalar multiplets coupled to N=2 supergravity. We outline their construction which is based on the superconformal tensor calculus. The vector multiplets may be associated with a gauge group G which may also act on the scalar multiplets. The latter are naturally described in terms of quaternions; in the simplest case their kinetic terms define a nonlinear sigma model of a quaternionic projective space. We give an extension of the vector multiplet action which is not obtained from a chiral superspace density, and contains a Chern-Simons-type term. Transformation rules are given and the conditions for supersymmetry breaking are defined. (orig.)
Topologically massive supergravity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Deser

1983-01-01

Full Text Available The locally supersymmetric extension of three-dimensional topologically massive gravity is constructed. Its fermionic part is the sum of the (dynamically trivial Rarita-Schwinger action and a gauge-invariant topological term, of second derivative order, analogous to the gravitational one. It is ghost free and represents a single massive spin 3/2 excitation. The fermion-gravity coupling is minimal and the invariance is under the usual supergravity transformations. The system's energy, as well as that of the original topological gravity, is therefore positive.
Scattering amplitudes in N=2 Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity

CERN Document Server

Chiodaroli, Marco; Johansson, Henrik; Roiban, Radu

2015-01-01

We expose a double-copy structure in the scattering amplitudes of the generic Jordan family of N=2 Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories in four and five dimensions. The Maxwell-Einstein supergravity amplitudes are obtained through the color/kinematics duality as a product of two gauge-theory factors; one originating from pure N=2 super-Yang-Mills theory and the other from the dimensional reduction of a bosonic higher-dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory. We identify a specific symplectic frame in four dimensions for which the on-shell fields and amplitudes from the double-copy construction can be identified with the ones obtained from the supergravity Lagrangian and Feynman-rule computations. The Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories are obtained by gauging a compact subgroup of the isometry group of their Maxwell-Einstein counterparts. For the generic Jordan family this process is identified with the introduction of cubic scalar couplings on the bosonic gauge-theory side, which th...
Duality transformations in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories coupled to supergravity

CERN Document Server

Ceresole, Anna T; Ferrara, Sergio; Van Proeyen, A; Ceresole, A; D'Auria, R; Ferrara, S; Van Proeyen, A

1995-01-01

We consider duality transformations in N=2, d=4 Yang-Mills theory coupled to N=2 supergravity. A symplectic and coordinate covariant framework is established, which allows one to discuss stringy `classical and quantum duality symmetries' (monodromies), incorporating T and S dualities. In particular, we shall be able to study theories (like N=2 heterotic strings) which are formulated in symplectic basis where a `holomorphic prepotential' F does not exist, and yet give general expressions for all relevant physical quantities. Duality transformations and symmetries for the N=1 matter coupled Yang--Mills supergravity system are also exhibited. The implications of duality symmetry on all N>2 extended supergravities are briefly mentioned. We finally give the general form of the central charge and the N=2 semiclassical spectrum of the dyonic BPS saturated states (as it comes by truncation of the N=4 spectrum).
The component structure of conformal supergravity invariants in six dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Butter, Daniel [Nikhef Theory Group,Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam (Netherlands); George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy,Texas A& M University,College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Novak, Joseph [Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm (Germany); Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele [Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, KU Leuven,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2017-05-24

In the recent paper https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.02921, the two invariant actions for 6D N=(1,0) conformal supergravity were constructed in superspace, corresponding to the supersymmetrization of C{sup 3} and C◻C. In this paper, we provide the translation from superspace to the component formulation of superconformal tensor calculus, and we give the full component actions of these two invariants. As a second application, we build the component form for the supersymmetric F◻F action coupled to conformal supergravity. Exploiting the fact that the N=(2,0) Weyl multiplet has a consistent truncation to N=(1,0), we then verify that there is indeed only a single N=(2,0) conformal supergravity invariant and reconstruct most of its bosonic terms by uplifting a certain linear combination of N=(1,0) invariants.
Noncompact N=2 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wit, B. de; Lauwers, P.G.; Philippe, R.; Van Proeyen, A.

1983-10-01

A massive spin-1 multiplet with central charge is coupled to N=2 supergravity. Compared to conventional gauge fields the anomalous magnetic moment of the spin-1 particles is of opposite sign. The construction of this theory is based on an N=2 supersymmetric gauge theory associated with the noncompact group SO(2,1). As a byproduct we present a convenient expression for the N=2 Einstein-Yang-Mills lagrangian. (Auth.)
Minimal $R+R^2$ Supergravity Models of Inflation Coupled to Matter

CERN Document Server

Ferrara, S

2014-01-01

The supersymmetric extension of "Starobinsky" $R+\\alpha R^2$ models of inflation is particularly simple in the "new minimal" formalism of supergravity, where the inflaton has no scalar superpartners. This paper is devoted to matter couplings in such supergravity models. We show how in the new minimal formalism matter coupling presents certain features absent in other formalisms. In particular, for the large class of matter couplings considered in this paper, matter must possess an R-symmetry, which is gauged by the vector field which becomes dynamical in the "new minimal" completion of the $R+\\alpha R^2$ theory. Thus, in the dual formulation of the theory, where the gauge vector is part of a massive vector multiplet, the inflaton is the superpartner of the massive vector of a nonlinearly realized R-symmetry. The F-term potential of this theory is of no-scale type, while the inflaton potential is given by the D-term of the gauged R-symmetry. The absolute minimum of the potential is always exactly supersymmetri...
Geometrical interpretation of extended supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Townsend, P.K.; Nieuwenhuizen, P.van

1977-01-01

SO 2 extended supergravity is shown to be a geometrical theory, whose underlying gauge group is OSp(4,2). The couplings which gauge the SO 2 symmetry as well as the accompanying cosmological and masslike terms are directly obtained, and the usual SO 2 model is obtained after a Wigner-Inoenue group contraction. (Auth.)
General dimensional reduction of ten-dimensional supergravity and superstring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrara, S.; Porrati, M.

1986-01-01

Dimensional reductions of supergravity theories are shown to yield to specific glasses of four-dimensional no-scale models with N=4, 2 or 1 residual supersymmetry. N=1 ''maximal'' supergravity lagrangian, corresponding to the ''untwisted'' sector of orbifold compactification of superstrings, contains nine families and has a no-scale structure based on the Kaehler manifold [SU(3, 3+3n)/SU(3)xSU(3+3n)]x[SU(1, 1)/U(1)]. The quantum consistency of the resulting theories give information on the non Kaluza-Klein (string) ''twisted'' sector. (orig.)
On moduli spaces in AdS{sub 4} supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alwis, Senarath de [Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Physics; Louis, Jan [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Fachbereich 12 - Physik; Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Zentrum fuer Mathematische Physik; McAllister, Liam [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics; Triendl, Hagen [CERN, Geneva (Switzerland). Theory Division, Physics Dept.; Westphal, Alexander [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Gruppe Theorie

2013-12-15

We study the structure of the supersymmetric moduli spaces of N=1 and N=2 supergravity theories in AdS{sub 4} backgrounds. In the N=1 case, the moduli space cannot be a complex submanifold of the Kaehler field space, but is instead real with respect to the inherited complex structure. In N=2 supergravity the same result holds for the vector multiplet moduli space, while the hypermultiplet moduli space is a Kaehler submanifold of the quaternionic-Kaehler field space. These findings are in agreement with AdS/CFT considerations.
A cosmological problem for maximally symmetric supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

German, G.; Ross, G.G.

1986-01-01

Under very general considerations it is shown that inflationary models of the universe based on maximally symmetric supergravity with flat potentials are unable to resolve the cosmological energy density (Polonyi) problem. (orig.)
Hamiltonian formalism, quantization and S matrix for supergravity. [S matrix, canonical constraints

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fradkin, E S; Vasiliev, M A [AN SSSR, Moscow. Fizicheskij Inst.

1977-12-05

The canonical formalism for supergravity is constructed. The algebra of canonical constraints is found. The correct expression for the S matrix is obtained. Usual 'covariant methods' lead to an incorrect S matrix in supergravity since a new four-particle interaction of ghostfields survives in the Lagrangian expression of the S matrix.
Equations of motion for the new D=10 N=1 supergravity-Yang-Mills theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vashakidze, Sh.I.

1988-01-01

An on-shell superfield formulation of the dual (type IB) ten-dimensional N=1 supergravity coupled to Yang-Mills theory is presented. The coupling is completely specified in superspace by A-tensor supercurrent which, at the same time, takes into account all superstring corrections in the slope parameter expansion. The complete set of equations of motion is derived
Charged rotating black holes in four-dimensional gauged and ungauged supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chong, Z.-W.; Cvetic, M.; Lue, H.; Pope, C.N.

2005-01-01

We study four-dimensional non-extremal charged rotating black holes in ungauged and gauged supergravity. In the ungauged case, we obtain rotating black holes with four independent charges, as solutions of N=2 supergravity coupled to three Abelian vector multiplets. This is done by reducing the theory along the time direction to three dimensions, where it has an O(4,4) global symmetry. Applied to the reduction of the uncharged Kerr metric, O(1,1) 4 is a subject of O(4,4) transformations generate new solutions that correspond, after lifting back to four dimensions, to the introduction of four independent electromagnetic charges. In the case where these charges are set pairwise equal, we then generalise the four-dimensional rotating black holes to solutions of gauged N=4 supergravity, with mass, angular momentum and two independent electromagnetic charges. The dilaton and axion fields are non-constant. We also find generalisations of the gauged and ungauged solutions to include the NUT parameter, and for the ungauged solutions, the acceleration parameter too. The solutions in gauged supergravity provide new gravitational backgrounds for a further study of the AdS 4 /CFT 3 correspondence at non-zero temperature
Introduction to supersymmetry and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

West, P.

1990-01-01

This book discusses two-dimensional supersymmetry algebras, and their irreducible representations as well as rigid and local (supergravity) theories of supersymmetry both in x-space and superspace. These theories include the actions for the superstring and the heterotic string. A discussion on superconformal algebras in two dimensions and an account of super operator product expansion are included
Kaluza-Klein theories and supergravity

CERN Document Server

CERN. Geneva. Audiovisual Unit

1986-01-01

In all recent attempts at a unified description of all fundamental interactions, the idea of introducing extra dimensions has played an important role. This idea becomes even more attractive when combined with the more recent concepts of supersymmetry and supergravity. These topics as well as more recent developments will be reviewed at an introductory level in these lectures.
R-current six-point correlators in AdS5 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Kotanski, J.; Mischler, A.M.

2009-12-01

Within the conjectured duality between N=4 super Yang-Mills and Anti-deSitter string theory, the BFKL Pomeron of the gauge theory corresponds to the graviton mode of the dual string. As a first step towards analyzing multigraviton exchange, we investigate R-current six-point functions within the supergravity approximation. We compute the analogue of diffractive scattering, and we analyze the triple Regge limit. In the supergravity approximation the triple graviton vertex is found to vanish. (orig.)

Generating geodesic flows and supergravity solutions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bergshoeff, E.; Chemissany, W.; Ploegh, A.; Trigiante, M.; Van Riet, T.

2009-01-01

We consider the geodesic motion on the symmetric moduli spaces that arise after timelike and spacellike reductions of supergravity theories. The geodesics correspond to timelike respectively spacelike p-brane Solutions when they are lifted over a p-dimensional flat space. In particular, we consider
Anti-D3 branes and moduli in non-linear supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia del Moral, Maria P.; Parameswaran, Susha; Quiroz, Norma; Zavala, Ivonne

2017-10-01

Anti-D3 branes and non-perturbative effects in flux compactifications spontaneously break supersymmetry and stabilise moduli in a metastable de Sitter vacua. The low energy 4D effective field theory description for such models would be a supergravity theory with non-linearly realised supersymmetry. Guided by string theory modular symmetry, we compute this non-linear supergravity theory, including dependence on all bulk moduli. Using either a constrained chiral superfield or a constrained vector field, the uplifting contribution to the scalar potential from the anti-D3 brane can be parameterised either as an F-term or Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term. Using again the modular symmetry, we show that 4D non-linear supergravities that descend from string theory have an enhanced protection from quantum corrections by non-renormalisation theorems. The superpotential giving rise to metastable de Sitter vacua is robust against perturbative string-loop and α' corrections.
The solution of N=2 supergravity constraints in terms of N=1 superfields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Awada, M.A.; Mokhtari, S.

1984-01-01

The constraints of N=2 supergravity are given in terms of N=1 supergravity and matter fields. We exhibit the solution of these constraints to all orders in terms of N=1 superfields; and we propose a structure for the action. (orig.)
Dimensional reduction in field theory and hidden symmetries in extended supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kremmer, E.

1985-01-01

Dimensional reduction in field theories is discussed both in theories which do not include gravity and in gravity theories. In particular, 11-dimensional supergravity and its reduction to 4 dimensions is considered. Hidden symmetries of supergravity with N=8 in 4 dimensions, global E 7 and local SU(8)-invariances in particular are detected. The hidden symmmetries permit to interpret geometrically the scalar fields
Supergravity, Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shmakova, Marina

2002-09-27

We propose a description of dark energy and acceleration of the universe in extended supergravities with de Sitter (dS) solutions. Some of them are related to M-theory with non-compact internal spaces. Masses of ultra-light scalars in these models are quantized in units of the Hubble constant: m{sup 2} = nH{sup 2}. If dS solution corresponds to a minimum of the effective potential, the universe eventually becomes dS space. If dS solution corresponds to a maximum or a saddle point, which is the case in all known models based on N = 8 supergravity, the flat universe eventually stops accelerating and collapses to a singularity. We show that in these models, as well as in the simplest models of dark energy based on N = 1 supergravity, the typical time remaining before the global collapse is comparable to the present age of the universe, t = O(10{sup 10}) years. We discuss the possibility of distinguishing between various models and finding our destiny using cosmological observations.
Japanese contributions to IAEA INTOR workshop, phase IIA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naruse, Yuji; Hiraoka, Toru; Tanaka, Kichizo

1982-11-01

Tritium breeding blanket is incorporated in the INTOR design based on economic and tritium availability considerations. In Phase IIA, critical issues on 'Tritium', which were identified during the Phase I Workshop, were investigated. Main objectives of Phase IIA are to develop a tritium breeding blanket and to evaluate tritium containment. Data base assessments of tritium containment were made. The design of the tritium breeding blanket was also revised. (author)
Kaluza-Klein supergravity in ten dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huq, M.; Namazie, M.A.

1983-11-01

We construct a massive version of N=2 supergravity in ten dimensions by compactification of the eleven dimensional, N=1 theory. This theory describes the usual N=2 massless super-multiplet, in addition to which there is an infinite tower of massive, charged N=2 supermultiplets. (author)
Graded-Lie-algebra cohomology and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Auria, R.; Fre, P.; Regge, T.

1980-01-01

Detailed explanations of the cohomology invoked in the group-manifold approach to supergravity is given. The Chevalley cohomology theory of Lie algebras is extended to graded Lie algebras. The scheme of geometrical theories is enlarged so to include cosmological terms and higher powers of the curvature. (author)
Symmetry enhancement of extremal horizons in D = 5 supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Kayani, U.

2018-06-01

We consider the near-horizon geometry of supersymmetric extremal black holes in un-gauged and gauged 5-dimensional supergravity, coupled to abelian vector multiplets. By analyzing the global properties of the Killing spinors, we prove that the near-horizon geometries undergo a supersymmetry enhancement. This follows from a set of generalized Lichnerowicz-type theorems we establish, together with an index theory argument. As a consequence, these solutions always admit a symmetry group.
Composite gravity and composite supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lukierski, J.

1982-09-01

It is known that the composite YM H-gauge theory can be constructed from σ-fields taking values in a symmetric Riemannian space G/H. We extend such a framework to graded σ-fields taking values in supercosets. We show that from supercoset σ-fields one can construct composite gravity, and from supercoset σ-superfields the composite supergravity models. (author)
No-scale supergravity and cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deruelle, N.

1988-01-01

The confrontation of current unified theories with cosmoly may prove to be very fruteful. Indeed the demand that the cosmological models they induce match the standard scenario and be free of manifest pathologies imposes severe constraints on them. We thus show that no-scale supergravity (at least its simplest incarnation) may not provide acceptable models of the early universe [fr
Group manifold approach to gravity and supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

d'Auria, R.; Fre, P.; Regge, T.

1981-05-01

Gravity theories are presented from the point of view of group manifold formulation. The differential geometry of groups and supergroups is discussed first; the notion of connection and related Yang-Mills potentials is introduced. Then ordinary Einstein gravity is discussed in the Cartan formulation. This discussion provides a first example which will then be generalized to more complicated theories, in particular supergravity. The distinction between ''pure'' and ''impure' theories is also set forth. Next, the authors develop an axiomatic approach to rheonomic theories related to the concept of Chevalley cohomology on group manifolds, and apply these principles to N = 1 supergravity. Then the panorama of so far constructed pure and impure group manifold supergravities is presented. The pure d = 5 N = 2 case is discussed in some detail, and N = 2 and N = 3 in d = 4 are considered as examples of the impure theories. The way a pure theory becomes impure after dimensional reduction is illustrated. Next, the role of kinematical superspace constraints as a subset of the group-manifold equations of motion is discussed, and the use of this approach to obtain the auxiliary fields is demonstrated. Finally, the application of the group manifold method to supersymmetric Super Yang-Mills theories is addressed
Extremal black hole/CFT correspondence in (gauged) supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chow, David D. K.; Cvetic, M.; Lue, H.; Pope, C. N.

2009-01-01

We extend the investigation of the recently proposed Kerr/conformal field theory correspondence to large classes of rotating black hole solutions in gauged and ungauged supergravities. The correspondence, proposed originally for four-dimensional Kerr black holes, asserts that the quantum states in the near-horizon region of an extremal rotating black hole are holographically dual to a two-dimensional chiral theory whose Virasoro algebra arises as an asymptotic symmetry of the near-horizon geometry. In fact, in dimension D there are [(D-1)/2] commuting Virasoro algebras. We consider a general canonical class of near-horizon geometries in arbitrary dimension D, and show that in any such metric the [(D-1)/2] central charges each imply, via the Cardy formula, a microscopic entropy that agrees with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the associated extremal black hole. In the remainder of the paper we show for most of the known rotating black hole solutions of gauged supergravity, and for the ungauged supergravity solutions with four charges in D=4 and three charges in D=5, that their extremal near-horizon geometries indeed lie within the canonical form. This establishes that, in all these examples, the microscopic entropies of the dual conformal field theories agree with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropies of the extremal rotating black holes.
Tanshinone IIA increases the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir gene therapy via enhanced gap junctional intercellular communication.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jianyong Xiao

Full Text Available The bystander effect is an intriguing phenomenon by which adjacent cells become sensitized to drug treatment during gene therapy with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV. This effect is reported to be mediated by gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC, and therefore, we postulated that upregulation of genes that facilitate GJIC may enhance the HSV-tk/GCV bystander effect. Previous findings have shown Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA, a chemical substance derived from a Chinese medicine herb, promotes the upregulation of the connexins Cx26 and Cx43 in B16 cells. Because gap junctions are formed by connexins, we hypothesized that Tan IIA might increase GJIC. Our results show that Tan IIA increased GJIC in B16 melanoma cells, leading to more efficient GCV-induced bystander killing in cells stably expressing HSV-tk. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that tumors in mice with 10% HSV-tk positive B16 cells and 90% wild-type B16 cells became smaller following treatment with the combination of GCV and Tan IIA as compared to GCV or Tan IIA alone. These data demonstrate that Tan IIA can augment the bystander effect of HSV-tk/GCV system through increased gap junction coupling, which adds strength to the promising strategy that develops connexins inducer to potentiate the effects of suicide gene therapy.
A counterselection method for Lactococcus lactis genome editing based on class IIa bacteriocin sensitivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Wan, Xing; Usvalampi, Anne M; Saris, Per E J; Takala, Timo M

2016-11-01

In this paper, we present a new counterselection method for deleting fragments from Lactococcus lactis chromosome. The method uses a non-replicating plasmid vector, which integrates into the chromosome and makes the cell sensitive to bacteriocins. The integration vector carries pUC ori functional in Escherichia coli but not in L. lactis, an erythromycin resistance gene for selecting single crossover integrants, and two fragments from L. lactis chromosome for homologous recombinations. In addition, the integration vector is equipped with the Listeria monocytogenes gene mptC encoding the mannose-phosphotransferase system component IIC, the receptor for class IIa bacteriocins. Expression of mptC from the integration vector renders the naturally resistant L. lactis sensitive to class IIa bacteriocins. This sensitivity is then used to select the double crossover colonies on bacteriocin agar. Only the cells which have regained the endogenous bacteriocin resistance through the loss of the mptC plasmid will survive. The colonies carrying the desired deletion can then be distinguished from the wild-type revertants by PCR. By using the class IIa bacteriocins leucocin A, leucocin C or pediocin AcH as the counterselective agents, we deleted 22- and 33-kb chromosomal fragments from the wild-type nisin producing L. lactis strain N8. In conclusion, this counterselection method presented here is a convenient, efficient and inexpensive technique to generate successive deletions in L. lactis chromosome.
The tensor calculus and matter coupling of the alternative minimal auxiliary field formulation of N = 1 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sohnius, M.; West, P.

1982-01-01

The tensor calculus for the new alternative minimal auxiliary field formulation of N = 1 supergravity is given. It is used to construct the couplings of this formulation of supergravity to matter. These couplings are found to be different, in several respects to those of the old minimal formulation of N = 1 supergravity. (orig.)
Axion-dilaton domain walls and fake supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sonner, Julian; Townsend, Paul K

2007-01-01

Dynamical systems methods are used to investigate domain-wall solutions of a two-parameter family of models in which gravity is coupled to an axion and to a dilaton with an exponential potential of either sign. A complete global analysis is presented for (i) constant axion and (ii) flat walls, including a study of bifurcations and a new exact domain-wall solution with non-constant axion. We reconsider 'fake-supergravity' issues in light of these results. We show, by example, how domain walls determine multi-valued superpotentials that branch at stationary points that are not stationary points of the potential, and we apply this result to potentials with anti-de Sitter vacua. We also show by example that 'adapted' truncation to a single-scalar model may be inconsistent, and we propose a 'generalized' fake-supergravity formalism that applies in some such cases
Scanning of the supersymmetry breaking scale and the gravitino mass in supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farakos, Fotis [Dipartimento di Fisica “Galileo Galilei”, Universita di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova,Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Kehagias, Alex [Physics Division, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou Campus, Athens (Greece); Racco, Davide; Riotto, Antonio [Department of Theoretical Physics and Center for Astroparticle Physics (CAP),24 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4 (Switzerland)

2016-06-21

We consider the minimal three-form N=1 supergravity coupled to nilpotent three-form chiral superfields. The supersymmetry breaking is sourced by the three-forms of the chiral multiplets, while the value of the gravitino mass is controlled by the three-form of the supergravity multiplet. The three-forms can nucleate membranes which scan both the supersymmetry breaking scale and the gravitino mass. The peculiar supergravity feature that the cosmological constant is the sum of a positive contribution from the supersymmetry breaking scale and a negative contribution from the gravitino mass makes the cosmological constant jump. This can lead to a phenomenologically allowed small value of the cosmological constant even though the supersymmetry breaking scale and the gravitino mass are dynamically large.
On the stability of non-supersymmetric supergravity solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Imaanpur, Ali; Zameni, Razieh

2017-09-01

We examine the stability of some non-supersymmetric supergravity solutions that have been found recently. The first solution is AdS5 ×M6, for M6 an stretched CP3. We consider breathing and squashing mode deformations of the metric, and find that the solution is stable against small fluctuations of this kind. Next we consider type IIB solution of AdS2 ×M8, where the compact space is a U (1) bundle over N (1 , 1). We study its stability under the deformation of M8 and the 5-form flux. In this case we also find that the solution is stable under small fluctuation modes of the corresponding deformations.
On the stability of non-supersymmetric supergravity solutions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Imaanpur

2017-09-01

Full Text Available We examine the stability of some non-supersymmetric supergravity solutions that have been found recently. The first solution is AdS5×M6, for M6 an stretched CP3. We consider breathing and squashing mode deformations of the metric, and find that the solution is stable against small fluctuations of this kind. Next we consider type IIB solution of AdS2×M8, where the compact space is a U(1 bundle over N(1,1. We study its stability under the deformation of M8 and the 5-form flux. In this case we also find that the solution is stable under small fluctuation modes of the corresponding deformations.

Chaotic inflation in no-scale supergravity with string inspired moduli stabilization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Tianjun; Li, Zhijin; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.

2015-01-01

The simple chaotic inflation is highly consistent with the BICEP2 experiment, and no-scale supergravity can be realized naturally in various string compactifications. Thus, we construct a chaotic inflation model in no-scale supergravity inspired from Type IIB string compactification with an anomalous U(1) X gauged symmetry. We introduce two moduli T 1 and T 2 which transform non-trivially under U(1) X , and some pairs of fundamental quarks charged under the SU(N) x U(1) X gauge group. The non-trivial transformations of moduli under U(1) X lead to a moduli-dependent Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term. The modulus T 2 and the real component of T 1 are stabilized by the non-perturbative effect from quark condensation and the U(1) X D-term. In particular, the stabilization from the anomalous U(1) X D-term with moduli-dependent FI term is crucial for inflation since it gives heavy mass to the real component of the modulus T 1 while keeping its axionic part light. Choosing the proper parameters, we obtain a global Minkowski vacuum where the imaginary part of T 1 has a quadratic potential for chaotic inflation. (orig.)
Half-supersymmetric solutions in five-dimensional supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gutowski, Jan B.; Sabra, Wafic

2007-01-01

We present a systematic classification of half-supersymmetric solutions of gauged N = 2, D = 5 supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of abelian vector multiplets for which at least one of the Killing spinors generate a time-like Killing vector
On eleven-dimensional supergravity and Chern-Simons theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Izaurieta, Fernando, E-mail: fizaurie@ucsc.cl [Departamento de Matematica y Fisica Aplicadas, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 4090541 Concepcion (Chile); Instituto de Matematicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. Insurgentes Sur s/n, D.F. (Mexico); Departament de Fisica Teorica, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia (Spain); Rodriguez, Eduardo, E-mail: edurodriguez@ucsc.cl [Departamento de Matematica y Fisica Aplicadas, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 4090541 Concepcion (Chile)

2012-02-11

We probe in some depth into the structure of eleven-dimensional, osp(32|1)-based Chern-Simons supergravity, as put forward by Troncoso and Zanelli (TZ) in 1997. We find that the TZ Lagrangian may be cast as a polynomial in 1/l, where l is a length, and compute explicitly the first three dominant terms. The term proportional to 1/l{sup 9} turns out to be essentially the Lagrangian of the standard 1978 supergravity theory of Cremmer, Julia and Scherk, thus establishing a previously unknown relation between the two theories. The computation is nontrivial because, when written in a sufficiently explicit way, the TZ Lagrangian has roughly one thousand non-explicitly Lorentz-covariant terms. Specially designed algebraic techniques are used to accomplish the results.
Complete D =11 embedding of SO(8) supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Varela, Oscar

2018-02-01

The truncation formulas of D =11 supergravity on S7 to D =4 N =8 SO(8)-gauged supergravity are completed to include the full nonlinear dependence of the D =11 three-form potential A^ (3 ) on the D =4 fields, and their consistency is shown. The full embedding into A^ (3 ) is naturally expressed in terms of a restricted version, still N =8 but only SL(8)-covariant, of the D =4 tensor hierarchy. The redundancies introduced by this approach are removed at the level of the field strength F^ (4 ) by exploiting D =4 duality relations. Finally, new expressions for the full consistent truncation formulas are given that are explicit in all D =11 and D =4 fields.
6D supergravity. Warped solution and gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luedeling, C

2006-07-15

We consider compactified six-dimensional gauged supergravity and find the general warped solution with four-dimensional maximal symmetry. Important features of the solution such as the number and position of singularities are determined by a free holomorphic function. Furthermore, in a particular torus compactification we derive the supergravity coupling of brane fields by the Noether procedure and investigate gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking. The effective Kaehler potential is not sequestered, yet tree level gravity mediation is absent as long as the superpotential is independent of the radius modulus. (orig.)
6D supergravity. Warped solution and gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luedeling, C.

2006-07-01

We consider compactified six-dimensional gauged supergravity and find the general warped solution with four-dimensional maximal symmetry. Important features of the solution such as the number and position of singularities are determined by a free holomorphic function. Furthermore, in a particular torus compactification we derive the supergravity coupling of brane fields by the Noether procedure and investigate gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking. The effective Kaehler potential is not sequestered, yet tree level gravity mediation is absent as long as the superpotential is independent of the radius modulus. (orig.)
Genetic organization of ascB-dapE internalin cluster serves as a potential marker for Listeria monocytogenes sublineages IIA, IIB, and IIC.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jianshun; Fang, Chun; Zhu, Ningyu; Lv, Yonghui; Cheng, Changyong; Bei, Yijiang; Zheng, Tianlun; Fang, Weihuan

2012-05-01

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that comprises four genetic lineages: I, II, III, and IV. Of these, lineage II is frequently recovered from foods and environments and responsible for the increasing incidence of human listeriosis. In this study, the phylogenetic structure of lineage II was determined through sequencing analysis of the ascB-dapE internalin cluster. Fifteen sequence types proposed by multilocus sequence typing based on nine housekeeping genes were grouped into three distinct sublineages, IIA, IIB, and IIC. Organization of the ascBdapE internalin cluster could serve as a molecular marker for these sublineages, with inlGHE, inlGC2DE, and inlC2DE for IIA, IIB, and IIC, respectively. These sublineages displayed specific genetic and phenotypic characteristics. IIA and IIC showed a higher frequency of recombination (rho/theta). However, recombination events had greater effect (r/m) on IIB, leading to its high nucleotide diversity. Moreover, IIA and IIB harbored a wider range of internalin and stress-response genes, and possessed higher nisin tolerance, whereas IIC contained the largest portion of low-virulent strains owing to premature stop codons in inlA. The results of this study indicate that IIA, IIB, and IIC might occupy different ecological niches, and IIB might have a better adaptation to a broad range of environmental niches.
Nonabelian N=2 superstrings: Hamiltonian structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isaev, A.P.; Ivanov, E.A.

1991-04-01

We examine the Hamiltonian structure of nonabelian N=2 superstring models which are the supergroup manifold extensions of N=2 Green-Schwarz superstring. We find the Kac-Moody and Virasoro type superalgebras of the relevant constraints and present elements of the corresponding quantum theory. A comparison with the type IIA Green-Schwarz superstring moving in a general curved 10-d supergravity background is also given. We find that nonabelian superstrings (for d=10) present a particular case of this general system corresponding to a special choice of the background. (author). 22 refs
Minimal N=4 topologically massive supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzenko, Sergei M. [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia); Novak, Joseph [Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut,Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm (Germany); Sachs, Ivo [Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,Theresienstraße 37, D-80333 München (Germany)

2017-03-21

Using the superconformal framework, we construct a new off-shell model for N=4 topologically massive supergravity which is minimal in the sense that it makes use of a single compensating vector multiplet and involves no free parameter. As such, it provides a counterexample to the common lore that two compensating multiplets are required within the conformal approach to supergravity with eight supercharges in diverse dimensions. This theory is an off-shell N=4 supersymmetric extension of chiral gravity. All of its solutions correspond to non-conformally flat superspaces. Its maximally supersymmetric solutions include the so-called critical (4,0) anti-de Sitter superspace introduced in https://www.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2012)024, and well as warped critical (4,0) anti-de Sitter superspaces. We also propose a dual formulation for the theory in which the vector multiplet is replaced with an off-shell hypermultiplet. Upon elimination of the auxiliary fields belonging to the hypermultiplet and imposing certain gauge conditions, the dual action reduces to the one introduced in https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.065028.
Scrutinizing supergravity models through neutrino telescopes

CERN Document Server

Gandhi, R; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V; Yuan, K; Zichichi, Antonino; Gandhi, Raj; Lopez, Jorge L.; Yuan, Kajia

1994-01-01

Galactic halo neutralinos ($\\chi$) captured by the Sun or Earth produce high-energy neutrinos as end-products of various annihilation modes. These neutrinos can travel from the Sun or Earth cores to the neighborhood of underground detectors (``neutrino telescopes") where they can interact and produce upwardly-moving muons. We compute these muon fluxes in the context of the minimal $SU(5)$ supergravity model, and the no-scale and dilaton $SU(5)\\times U(1)$ supergravity models. At present, with the Kamiokande 90\\% C.L. upper limits on the flux, only a small fraction of the parameter space of the $SU(5)\\times U(1)$ models is accessible for $m_\\chi\\sim m_{\\rm Fe}$, which in turn implies constraints for the lightest chargino mass around 100 GeV for a range of $\\tan\\beta$ values. We also delineate the regions of parameter space that would be accessible with the improvements of experimental sensitivity expected in the near future at Gran Sasso, Super-Kamiokande, and other facilities such as DUMAND and AMANDA, curren...
Gauged supergravities from M-theory reductions

Science.gov (United States)

Katmadas, Stefanos; Tomasiello, Alessandro

2018-04-01

In supergravity compactifications, there is in general no clear prescription on how to select a finite-dimensional family of metrics on the internal space, and a family of forms on which to expand the various potentials, such that the lower-dimensional effective theory is supersymmetric. We propose a finite-dimensional family of deformations for regular Sasaki-Einstein seven-manifolds M 7, relevant for M-theory compactifications down to four dimensions. It consists of integrable Cauchy-Riemann structures, corresponding to complex deformations of the Calabi-Yau cone M 8 over M 7. The non-harmonic forms we propose are the ones contained in one of the Kohn-Rossi cohomology groups, which is finite-dimensional and naturally controls the deformations of Cauchy-Riemann structures. The same family of deformations can be also described in terms of twisted cohomology of the base M 6, or in terms of Milnor cycles arising in deformations of M 8. Using existing results on SU(3) structure compactifications, we briefly discuss the reduction of M-theory on our class of deformed Sasaki-Einstein manifolds to four-dimensional gauged supergravity.
New set of auxiliary fields for supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira Rivelles, V. de.

1983-02-01

A brief introduction on supersymmetry is given. The problems with the obtainment of the auxiliary fields in supergravity theories are discussed, after a short presentation of the supersymmetry algebra representations. (L.C.) [pt
Physics of superheavy dark matter in supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Addazi, Andrea; Marciano, Antonino; Ketov, Sergei V.; Khlopov, Maxim Yu.

New trends in inflationary model building and dark matter production in supergravity are considered. Starobinsky inflation is embedded into 𝒩 = 1 supergravity, avoiding instability problems, when the inflaton belongs to a vector superfield associated with a U(1) gauge symmetry, instead of a chiral superfield. This gauge symmetry can be spontaneously broken by the super-Higgs mechanism resulting in a massive vector supermultiplet including the (real scalar) inflaton field. Both supersymmetry (SUSY) and the R-symmetry can also be spontaneously broken by the Polonyi mechanism at high scales close to the inflationary scale. In this case, Polonyi particles and gravitinos become superheavy, and can be copiously produced during inflation by the Schwinger mechanism sourced by the universe expansion. The Polonyi mass slightly exceeds twice the gravitino mass, so that Polonyi particles are unstable and decay into gravitinos. Considering the mechanisms of superheavy gravitino production, we find that the right amount of cold dark matter composed of gravitinos can be achieved. In our scenario, the parameter space of the inflaton potential is directly related to the dark matter one, providing a new unifying framework of inflation and dark matter genesis. A multi-superfield extension of the supergravity framework with a single (inflaton) superfield can result in a formation of primordial nonlinear structures like mini- and stellar-mass black holes, primordial nongaussianity, and the running spectral index of density fluctuations. This framework can be embedded into the SUSY GUTs inspired by heterotic string compactifications on Calabi-Yau three-folds, thus unifying particle physics with quantum gravity.
Is vitamin D hypothesis for schizophrenia valid? Independent segregation of psychosis in a family with vitamin-D-dependent rickets type IIA.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozer, Suzan; Uluşahin, Aylin; Ulusoy, Semra; Okur, Hamza; Coşkun, Turgay; Tuncali, Timur; Göğüş, Ahmet; Akarsu, A Nurten

2004-03-01

The vitamin D hypothesis of schizophrenia is a recent concept bringing together old observations on environmental risk factors and new findings on the neurodevelopmental effects of vitamin D. Candidate genes related to the vitamin D endocrine system have not yet been fully explored for this purpose. The coexistence of vitamin-D-dependent-rickets type II with alopecia (VDDR IIA) and different forms of psychosis in the same inbred family has provided us with an opportunity to investigate the presumed relationship between vitamin D deficiency and psychosis. Psychiatric examination and molecular genetic studies were performed in this family overloaded with psychotic disorders and VDDR IIA. Forty members were evaluated in order to describe their phenotypic features. The family was tested for a linkage to the chromosome 12q12-q14 region where the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is located. Psychosis was the common phenotype in the 18 psychiatrically affected members. Pedigree analysis did not show a cosegregation of psychosis and rickets. Lod scores were not significant to prove a linkage between psychosis and VDR locus. The authors concluded that (1) the neurodevelopmental consequences of vitamin D deficiency do not play a causative role in psychotic disorders, (2) these two syndromes are inherited independently, and (3) vitamin D deficiency does not act as a risk factor in subjects susceptible to psychosis.
Supersymmetric black holes in 2D dilaton supergravity: baldness and extremality

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergamin, L; Grumiller, D; Kummer, W [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Technische Universitaet Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, A-1040 Vienna (Austria)

2004-03-26

We present a systematic discussion of supersymmetric solutions of 2D dilaton supergravity. In particular those solutions which retain at least half of the supersymmetries are ground states with respect to the bosonic Casimir function (essentially the ADM mass). Nevertheless, by tuning the prepotential appropriately, black-hole solutions may emerge with an arbitrary number of Killing horizons. The absence of dilatino and gravitino hair is proved. Moreover, the impossibility of supersymmetric dS ground states and of nonextremal black holes is confirmed, even in the presence of a dilaton. In these derivations, knowledge of the general analytic solution of 2D dilaton supergravity plays an important role. The latter result is addressed in the more general context of gPSMs which have no supergravity interpretation. Finally it is demonstrated that the inclusion of non-minimally coupled matter, a step which is already nontrivial by itself, does not change these features in an essential way.
Supersymmetric black holes in 2D dilaton supergravity: baldness and extremality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergamin, L; Grumiller, D; Kummer, W

2004-01-01

We present a systematic discussion of supersymmetric solutions of 2D dilaton supergravity. In particular those solutions which retain at least half of the supersymmetries are ground states with respect to the bosonic Casimir function (essentially the ADM mass). Nevertheless, by tuning the prepotential appropriately, black-hole solutions may emerge with an arbitrary number of Killing horizons. The absence of dilatino and gravitino hair is proved. Moreover, the impossibility of supersymmetric dS ground states and of nonextremal black holes is confirmed, even in the presence of a dilaton. In these derivations, knowledge of the general analytic solution of 2D dilaton supergravity plays an important role. The latter result is addressed in the more general context of gPSMs which have no supergravity interpretation. Finally it is demonstrated that the inclusion of non-minimally coupled matter, a step which is already nontrivial by itself, does not change these features in an essential way
Value of urinary topoisomerase-IIA cell-free DNA for diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Ye-Hwan; Yan, Chunri; Lee, Il-Seok; Piao, Xuan-Mei; Byun, Young Joon; Jeong, Pildu; Kim, Won Tae; Yun, Seok-Joong; Kim, Wun-Jae

2016-03-01

Topoisomerase-II alpha (TopoIIA ), a DNA gyrase isoform that plays an important role in the cell cycle, is present in normal tissues and various human cancers, and can show altered expression in both. The aim of the current study was to examine the value of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA as a noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). Two patient cohorts were examined. Cohort 1 (73 BC patients and seven controls) provided bladder tissue samples, whereas cohort 2 (83 BC patients, 54 nonmalignant hematuric patients, and 61 normal controls) provided urine samples. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression of TopoIIA mRNA in tissues and TopoIIA cell-free DNA in urine samples. The results showed that expression of TopoIIA mRNA in BC tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancer control tissues (pbladder cancer (MIBC) when compared with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (p=0.002). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to examine the sensitivity/specificity of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA for diagnosing BC, NMIBC, and MIBC. The areas under the ROC curve for BC, NMIBC, and MIBC were 0.741, 0.701, and 0.838, respectively. In summary, the results of this study provide evidence that cell-free TopoIIA DNA may be a potential biomarker for BC.
Representations of algebras of extended supersymmetry and linearised supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tejlor, Dzh.

1985-01-01

In the lecture an attempt is made to acquaint the reader with the theory of extended supersymmetry, to characterize the corresponding particle spectrum and to explain how it can be used in supersymmetry with the least difficulties. Superalgebras are classified, their irreducible representations are given. Superfields and superspace are introduced, their role in the superalgebra realization is analyzed. Examples of linearized Lagrangians and auxiliary fields for the theories of supergravity with N=1 and N=2 are presented. Methods of spin reduction with the central charges are considered. The possibility to construct supergravity model with N>=3 off mass shell is considered
One-loop divergences in the quantum theory of supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nieuwenhuizen, P. van; Vermaseren, J.A.M.

1976-01-01

Supergravity does not lead to a finite quantum theory of gravitation when coupled to the spin 1, 1/2 matter multiplet. The S-matrix of photon-photon scattering diverges; its divergences are proportional to the square of the photon energy-momentum tensor, in agreement with electro-magnetic duality and chiral invariance. The graviton self-energy corrections are divergent in pure supergravity as well as in the coupled Maxwell-Einstein system and satisfy their Ward identity because the supersymmetry ghost field is commuting. The photon-graviton vertex corrections diverge, as expected from the non-invariance of the action under local scale transformations, and satisfy the equivalence principle at the quantum level. The photon self-energy is divergent. (Auth.)
Supersymmetric solutions of N =(1 ,1 ) general massive supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Deger, N. S.; Nazari, Z.; Sarıoǧlu, Ö.

2018-05-01

We construct supersymmetric solutions of three-dimensional N =(1 ,1 ) general massive supergravity (GMG). Solutions with a null Killing vector are, in general, pp-waves. We identify those that appear at critical points of the model, some of which do not exist in N =(1 ,1 ) new massive supergravity (NMG). In the timelike case, we find that many solutions are common with NMG, but there is a new class that is genuine to GMG, two members of which are stationary Lifshitz and timelike squashed AdS spacetimes. We also show that in addition to the fully supersymmetric AdS vacuum, there is a second AdS background with a nonzero vector field that preserves 1 /4 supersymmetry.

Brane inflation: A field theory approach in background supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choudhury, Sayantan; Pal, Supratik

2012-01-01

We propose a model of inflation in the framework of brane cosmology driven by background supergravity. Starting from bulk supergravity we construct the inflaton potential on the brane and employ it to investigate for the consequences to inflationary paradigm. To this end, we derive the expressions for the important parameters in brane inflation, which are somewhat different from their counterparts in standard cosmology, using the one loop radiative corrected potential. We further estimate the observable parameters and find them to fit well with recent observational data. We have studied extensively reheating phenomenology, which explains the thermal history of the universe and leptogenesis through the production of thermal gravitino pertaining to the particle physics phenomenology of the early universe.
Tanshinone IIA suppresses FcεRI-mediated mast cell signaling and anaphylaxis by activation of the Sirt1/LKB1/AMPK pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xian; Park, Soon Jin; Jin, Fansi; Deng, Yifeng; Yang, Ju Hye; Chang, Jae-Hoon; Kim, Dong-Young; Kim, Jung-Ae; Lee, Youn Ju; Murakami, Makoto; Son, Kun Ho; Chang, Hyeun Wook

2018-06-01

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its upstream mediators liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) are generally known as key regulators of metabolism. We have recently reported that the AMPK pathway negatively regulates mast cell activation and anaphylaxis. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract that is currently used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, shows anti-diabetic activity and improves insulin resistance in db/db mice through activation of AMPK. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-allergic activity of Tan IIA in vivo and to investigate the underlying mechanism in vitro in the context of AMPK signaling. The anti-allergic effect of Tan IIA was evaluated using mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from AMPKα2 -/- or Sirt1 -/- mice, or BMMCs transfected with siRNAs specific for AMPKα2, LKB1, or Sirt1. AMPKα2 -/- and Sirt1 -/- mice were used to confirm the anti-allergic effect of Tan IIA in anaphylaxis in vivo. Tan IIA dose-dependently inhibited FcεRI-mediated degranulation and production of eicosanoids and cytokines in BMMCs. These inhibitory effects were diminished by siRNA-mediated knockdown or genetic deletion of AMPKα2 or Sirt1. Moreover, Tan IIA inhibited a mast cell-mediated local passive anaphylactic reaction in wild-type mice, but not in AMPKα2 -/- or Sirt1 -/- mice. In conclusion, Tan IIA suppresses FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis through activation of the inhibitory Sirt1-LKB1-AMPK pathway. Thus, Tan IIA may be useful as a new therapeutic agent for mast cell-mediated allergic diseases. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Potentials in N=2 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zinov'ev, Yu.M.

1985-01-01

The potentials and Yukava interactions, that arise while introducing a gauge interaction of vector and scalar multiplets in N=2 supergravity are presented, in this the gauge group may be either compact or noncompact. The scalar multiplets geometry corresponds to nonlinear σ, models of the form Sp(2,2n)/Sp(2)xSp(2n), SU(2,n)/SU(2)SU(n)xU(1) and O(4,n)/O(4)xO(n)
Long range supergravity coupling strengths

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kenyon, I.R.

1991-01-01

A limit of 2x10 -13 has recently been deduced for the fractional difference between the gravitational masses of the K 0 and anti K 0 mesons. This limit is applied here to put stringent limits on the strengths of the long range vector-scalar gravitational couplings envisaged in supergravity theories. A weaker limit is inferred from the general relativistic fit to the precession of the orbit of the pulsar PSR1913+16. (orig.)
ATP6V0A2 mutations present in two Mexican Mestizo children with an autosomal recessive cutis laxa syndrome type IIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Bahena-Bahena

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Patients with ARCL-IIA harbor mutations in ATP6V0A2 that codes for an organelle proton pump. The ARCL-IIA syndrome characteristically presents a combined glycosylation defect affecting N-linked and O-linked glycosylations, differentiating it from other cutis laxa syndromes and classifying it as a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (ATP6V0A2-CDG. We studied two Mexican Mestizo patients with a clinical phenotype corresponding to an ARCL-IIA syndrome. Both patients presented abnormal transferrin (N-linked glycosylation but Patient 1 had a normal ApoCIII (O-linked glycosylation profile. Mutational screening of ATP6V0A2 using cDNA and genomic DNA revealed in Patient 1 a previously reported homozygous nonsense mutation c.187C>T (p.R63X associated with a novel clinical finding of a VSD. In Patient 2 we found a homozygous c.2293C>T (p.Q765X mutation that had been previously reported but found that it also altered RNA processing generating a novel transcript not previously identified (r.2176_2293del; p.F726Sfs*10. This is the first report to describe Mestizo patients with molecular diagnosis of ARCL-IIA/ATP6V0A2-CDG and to establish that their mutations are the first to be found in patients from different regions of the world and with different genetic backgrounds.
Complex linear Goldstino superfield and supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzenko, Sergei M. [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia)

2015-10-01

The complex linear Goldstino superfield was proposed in http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.3042 for the cases of global and local four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetry. Here we make use of this superfield to construct a supergravity action which is invariant under spontaneously broken local N=1 supersymmetry and has a positive cosmological constant for certain values of the parameters.
Higher-Derivative Supergravity and Moduli Stabilization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciupke, David; Westphal, Alexander; Louis, Jan; Hamburg Univ.

2015-05-01

We review the ghost-free four-derivative terms for chiral superfields in N=1 supersymmetry and supergravity. These terms induce cubic polynomial equations of motion for the chiral auxiliary fields and correct the scalar potential. We discuss the different solutions and argue that only one of them is consistent with the principles of effective field theory. Special attention is paid to the corrections along flat directions which can be stabilized or destabilized by the higher-derivative terms. We then compute these higher-derivative terms explicitly for the type IIB string compactified on a Calabi-Yau orientifold with fluxes via Kaluza-Klein reducing the (α') 3 R 4 corrections in ten dimensions for the respective N=1 Kaehler moduli sector. We prove that together with flux and the known (α') 3 -corrections the higher-derivative term stabilizes all Calabi-Yau manifolds with positive Euler number, provided the sign of the new correction is negative.
The antitumor natural product tanshinone IIA inhibits protein kinase C and acts synergistically with 17-AAG.

Science.gov (United States)

Lv, Chao; Zeng, Hua-Wu; Wang, Jin-Xin; Yuan, Xing; Zhang, Chuang; Fang, Ting; Yang, Pei-Ming; Wu, Tong; Zhou, Yu-Dong; Nagle, Dale G; Zhang, Wei-Dong

2018-02-07

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), the primary bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been reported to possess antitumor activity. However, its antitumor mechanisms are not fully understood. To resolve the potential antitumor mechanism(s) of Tan IIA, its gene expression profiles from our database was analyzed by connectivity map (CMAP) and the CMAP-based mechanistic predictions were confirmed/validated in further studies. Specifically, Tan IIA inhibited total protein kinase C (PKC) activity and selectively suppressed the expression of cytosolic and plasma membrane PKC isoforms ζ and ε. The Ras/MAPK pathway that is closely regulated by the PKC signaling is also inhibited by Tan IIA. While Tan IIA did not inhibit heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), it synergistically enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the Hsp90 inhibitors 17-AAG and ganetespib in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In addition, Tan IIA significantly inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and induced both cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Collectively, these studies provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for antitumor activity of Tan IIA.
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Tanshinone IIA for Atherosclerosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhuo Chen

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Tanshinone IIA (Tan II A is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. It has been demonstrated to have pleiotropic effects for atherosclerosis. From the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanism perspective, this paper reviewed major progresses of Tan IIA in antiatherosclerosis research, including immune cells, antigens, cytokines, and cell signaling pathways.
Higgs mechanism and cosmological constant in N = 1 supergravity with inflaton in a vector multiplet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aldabergenov, Yermek [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Tokyo (Japan); Ketov, Sergei V. [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Tokyo (Japan); The University of Tokyo, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), Chiba (Japan); Tomsk Polytechnic University, Institute of Physics and Technology, Tomsk (Russian Federation)

2017-04-15

The N = 1 supergravity models of cosmological inflation with an inflaton belonging to a massive vector multiplet and spontaneous SUSY breaking after inflation are reformulated as the supersymmetric U(1) gauge theories of a massless vector superfield interacting with the Higgs and Polonyi chiral superfields, all coupled to supergravity. The U(1) gauge sector is identified with the U(1) gauge fields of the super-GUT coupled to supergravity, whose gauge group has a U(1) factor. A positive cosmological constant (dark energy) is included. The scalar potential is calculated, and its de Sitter vacuum solution is found to be stable. (orig.)
Generalized curvature and the equations of D=11 supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandos, Igor A. [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad de Valencia and IFIC (CSIC-UVEG), 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) (Spain); Institute for Theoretical Physics, NSC ' Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology' , UA-61108 Kharkov (Ukraine); Azcarraga, Jose A. de [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad de Valencia and IFIC (CSIC-UVEG), 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) (Spain)]. E-mail: j.a.de.azcarraga@ific.uv.es; Picon, Moises [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad de Valencia and IFIC (CSIC-UVEG), 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) (Spain); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2535 (United States); Varela, Oscar [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad de Valencia and IFIC (CSIC-UVEG), 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) (Spain); Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, Randall Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120 (United States)

2005-05-26

It is known that, for zero fermionic sector, {psi}{sub {mu}}{sup {alpha}}(x)=0, the bosonic equations of Cremmer-Julia-Scherk eleven-dimensional supergravity can be collected in a compact expression, Rab{alpha}{gamma}{gamma}b{gamma}{beta}=0, which is a condition on the curvature R{alpha}{beta} of the generalized connection w. In this Letter we show that the equation Rbc{alpha}{gamma}{gamma}abc{gamma}{beta}=4i((D-bar {psi}){sub bc}{gamma}{sup [abc{sub {beta}({psi}{sub d}{gamma}{sup d}]){sub {alpha}}), where D-bar is the covariant derivative for the generalized connection w, collects all the bosonic equations of D=11 supergravity when the gravitino is nonvanishing, {psi}{sub {mu}}{sup {alpha}}(x)<>0.
Comments on Nonlinear Sigma Models Coupled to Supergravity arXiv

CERN Document Server

Ferrara, Sergio

2017-12-10

N=1 , D=4 nonlinear sigma models, parametrized by chiral superfields, usually describe Kählerian geometries, provided that Einstein frame supergravity is used. The sigma model metric is no longer Kähler when local supersymmetry becomes nonlinearly realized through the nilpotency of the supergravity auxiliary fields. In some cases the nonlinear realization eliminates one scalar propagating degree of freedom. This happens when the sigma model conformal-frame metric has co-rank 2. In the geometry of the inflaton, this effect eliminates its scalar superpartner. We show that the sigma model metric remains semidefinite positive in all cases, due the to positivity properties of the conformal-frame sigma model metric.
Class IIa histone deacetylases are conserved regulators of circadian function.

Science.gov (United States)

Fogg, Paul C M; O'Neill, John S; Dobrzycki, Tomasz; Calvert, Shaun; Lord, Emma C; McIntosh, Rebecca L L; Elliott, Christopher J H; Sweeney, Sean T; Hastings, Michael H; Chawla, Sangeeta

2014-12-05

Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the activity of many transcription factors to influence liver gluconeogenesis and the development of specialized cells, including muscle, neurons, and lymphocytes. Here, we describe a conserved role for class IIa HDACs in sustaining robust circadian behavioral rhythms in Drosophila and cellular rhythms in mammalian cells. In mouse fibroblasts, overexpression of HDAC5 severely disrupts transcriptional rhythms of core clock genes. HDAC5 overexpression decreases BMAL1 acetylation on Lys-537 and pharmacological inhibition of class IIa HDACs increases BMAL1 acetylation. Furthermore, we observe cyclical nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HDAC5 in mouse fibroblasts that is characteristically circadian. Mutation of the Drosophila homolog HDAC4 impairs locomotor activity rhythms of flies and decreases period mRNA levels. RNAi-mediated knockdown of HDAC4 in Drosophila clock cells also dampens circadian function. Given that the localization of class IIa HDACs is signal-regulated and influenced by Ca(2+) and cAMP signals, our findings offer a mechanism by which extracellular stimuli that generate these signals can feed into the molecular clock machinery. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Extremal black holes in N=2 supergravity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Katmadas, S.

2011-01-01

An explanation for the entropy of black holes has been an outstanding problem in recent decades. A special case where this is possible is that of extremal black holes in N=2 supergravity in four and five dimensions. The best developed case is for black holes preserving some supersymmetry (BPS),
Hidden symmetries in minimal five-dimensional supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poessel, Markus; Silva, Sebastian

2004-01-01

We study the hidden symmetries arising in the dimensional reduction of d=5, N=2 supergravity to three dimensions. Extending previous partial results for the bosonic part, we give a derivation that includes fermionic terms, shedding light on the appearance of the local hidden symmetry SO(4) in the reduction
Gauge fixing of Chern-Simons N-extended supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ney, W G [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica (CEFET), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ (Brazil); Piguet, O [Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), ES 29000-001, Vitoria (Brazil); Spalenza, W [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-08-01

We treat N-extended supergravity in 2+1 space-time dimensions as a Yang-Mills gauge field with Chern-Simons action associated to the N-extended Poincare supergroup. We fix the gauge of this theory within the Batalin-Vilkovisky scheme. (orig.)
Gauge fixing of Chern-Simons N-extended supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ney, W.G.; Piguet, O.; Spalenza, W.

2004-01-01

We treat N-extended supergravity in 2+1 space-time dimensions as a Yang-Mills gauge field with Chern-Simons action associated to the N-extended Poincare supergroup. We fix the gauge of this theory within the Batalin-Vilkovisky scheme. (orig.)
Quantum field theories coupled to supergravity. AdS/CFT and local couplings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grosse, J.

2006-01-01

This dissertation is devoted to the investigation of the interplay of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories (SYM) and supergravity (SUGRA). The topic is studied from two points of view: Firstly from the point of view of AdS/CFT correspondence, which realises the coupling of four dimensional superconformal N=4 SYM theory and ten dimensional type IIB SUGRA in a holographic way. In order to arrive at theories that resemble quantum chromodynamics (QCD) more closely, fundamental fields are introduced using probe D7-branes and nontrivial background configuration are considered. In particular supergravity solutions that are only asymptotically anti-de Sitter and break supersymmetry are used. This allows the description of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. The meson spectrum is calculated and the existence of an associated Goldstone mode is demonstrated. Moreover it is shown that highly radially excited mesons are not degenerate. Additionally instanton configurations on the D7-branes are investigated, which lead to a holographic description of the dual field theory's Higgs branch. Finally a holographic description of heavy-light mesons is developed, which are mesons consisting of quarks with a large mass difference, such that a treatment of B mesons can be achieved. The second approach to the topic of this thesis is the technique of socalled space-time dependent couplings (also known as ''local couplings''), where coupling constants are promoted to external sources. This allows to explore the conformal anomaly of quantum field theories coupled to a classical gravity background. The technique is extended to the superfield description of N=1 supergravity, a complete basis for the anomaly is given and the consistency conditions that arise from a cohomological treatment are calculated. Possible implications for an extension of Zamolodchikov's c-theorem to four dimensional supersymmetric quantum field theories are discussed. (orig.)
Quantum field theories coupled to supergravity. AdS/CFT and local couplings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grosse, J.

2006-08-03

This dissertation is devoted to the investigation of the interplay of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories (SYM) and supergravity (SUGRA). The topic is studied from two points of view: Firstly from the point of view of AdS/CFT correspondence, which realises the coupling of four dimensional superconformal N=4 SYM theory and ten dimensional type IIB SUGRA in a holographic way. In order to arrive at theories that resemble quantum chromodynamics (QCD) more closely, fundamental fields are introduced using probe D7-branes and nontrivial background configuration are considered. In particular supergravity solutions that are only asymptotically anti-de Sitter and break supersymmetry are used. This allows the description of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. The meson spectrum is calculated and the existence of an associated Goldstone mode is demonstrated. Moreover it is shown that highly radially excited mesons are not degenerate. Additionally instanton configurations on the D7-branes are investigated, which lead to a holographic description of the dual field theory's Higgs branch. Finally a holographic description of heavy-light mesons is developed, which are mesons consisting of quarks with a large mass difference, such that a treatment of B mesons can be achieved. The second approach to the topic of this thesis is the technique of socalled space-time dependent couplings (also known as ''local couplings''), where coupling constants are promoted to external sources. This allows to explore the conformal anomaly of quantum field theories coupled to a classical gravity background. The technique is extended to the superfield description of N=1 supergravity, a complete basis for the anomaly is given and the consistency conditions that arise from a cohomological treatment are calculated. Possible implications for an extension of Zamolodchikov's c-theorem to four dimensional supersymmetric quantum field theories are discussed. (orig.)
Non-supersymmetric membrane flows from fake supergravity and multi-trace deformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Papadimitriou, I.; Hamburg Univ.

2006-06-01

We use fake supergravity as a solution generating technique to obtain a continuum of non-supersymmetric asymptotically AdS 4 x S 7 domain wall solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity with non-trivial scalars in the SL(8,R)/SO(8) coset. These solutions are continuously connected to the supersymmetric domain walls describing a uniform sector of the Coulomb branch of the M2-brane theory. We also provide a general argument that identifies the fake superpotential with the exact large-N quantum effective potential of the dual theory, thus arriving at a very general description of multi-trace deformations in the AdS/CFT correspondence, which strongly motivates further study of fake supergravity as a solution generating method. This identification allows us to interpret our non-supersymmetric solutions as a family of marginal triple-trace deformations of the Coulomb branch that completely break supersymmetry and to calculate the exact large-N anomalous dimensions of the operators involved. The holographic one- and two-point functions for these solutions are also computed. (Orig.)

Non-supersymmetric membrane flows from fake supergravity and multi-trace deformations

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Papadimitriou, I. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)]|[Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Zentrum fuer Mathematische Physik

2006-06-15

We use fake supergravity as a solution generating technique to obtain a continuum of non-supersymmetric asymptotically AdS{sub 4} x S{sup 7} domain wall solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity with non-trivial scalars in the SL(8,R)/SO(8) coset. These solutions are continuously connected to the supersymmetric domain walls describing a uniform sector of the Coulomb branch of the M2-brane theory. We also provide a general argument that identifies the fake superpotential with the exact large-N quantum effective potential of the dual theory, thus arriving at a very general description of multi-trace deformations in the AdS/CFT correspondence, which strongly motivates further study of fake supergravity as a solution generating method. This identification allows us to interpret our non-supersymmetric solutions as a family of marginal triple-trace deformations of the Coulomb branch that completely break supersymmetry and to calculate the exact large-N anomalous dimensions of the operators involved. The holographic one- and two-point functions for these solutions are also computed. (Orig.)
Ultraviolet Behavior of N = 8 Supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dixon, Lance J.

2010-01-01

In these lectures the author describes the remarkable ultraviolet behavior of N = 8 supergravity, which through four loops is no worse than that of N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory (a finite theory). I also explain the computational tools that allow multi-loop amplitudes to be evaluated in this theory - the KLT relations and the unitarity method - and sketch how ultraviolet divergences are extracted from the amplitudes.
Which compactifications of D=11 supergravity are stable

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Page, D.N.; Pope, C.N.

1984-01-01

We complete the stability analysis of all known Freund-Rubin solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity by determining the necessary and sufficient conditions for Qsup(pqr) spaces (U(1) bundles over S 2 xS 2 xS 2 ) to be stable. (orig.)
Dual vector multiplet coupled to dual N=1 supergravity in 10D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishino, Hitoshi; Rajpoot, Subhash

2005-01-01

We couple in superspace a dual vector multiplet (C m 1 ...m 7 ,λ α ) to the dual version of N=1 supergravity (e m a ,ψ m α ,M m 1 ...m 6 ,χ α ,Φ) in ten dimensions. The 7-form field C has its 8-form field strength H dual to the 2-form field strength F of the conventional vector multiplet. To simplify the computation, we use so-called beta-function-favored superspace constraints for dual supergravity developed for β-function computations. As in a more conventional constraint set, the H-Bianchi identity must have the form N and F, where N is the 7-form field strength in dual supergravity. The potential anomaly for the dual vector multiplet can be cancelled for the particular gauge group U(1) 496 by the Green-Schwarz mechanism. As a by-product, we also give the globally supersymmetric Abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld interactions for the dual vector multiplet for the first time
The Wasteland of Random Supergravities

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Marsh, David; McAllister, Liam; Wrase, Timm

2011-01-01

We show that in a general \\cal{N} = 1 supergravity with N \\gg 1 scalar fields, an exponentially small fraction of the de Sitter critical points are metastable vacua. Taking the superpotential and Kahler potential to be random functions, we construct a random matrix model for the Hessian matrix, which is well-approximated by the sum of a Wigner matrix and two Wishart matrices. We compute the eigenvalue spectrum analytically from the free convolution of the constituent spectra and find that in ...
Surgery or radiation therapy for Stage I and IIA carcinoma of the cervix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brady, L.W.

1979-01-01

The choice of treatment in carcinoma of the cervix is best decided after careful individual appraisal has been carried out. For best results, a long-term view must be agreed upon initially and careful followup by the same team is obligatory. At present, surgery, radiation therapy, and a combination of these two modalities have been employed successfully to manage carcinoma of the cervix. To a great extent, the facilities, the experience, and the interest of the personnel involved influence the type of therapy that will be employed. Generally speaking, the choice of treatment is determined primarily by the stage of the disease process. Radical surgery in the management of patients with Stage I and Stage II-A carcinoma of the cervix must be planned to include within the en bloc dissection the uterus, tubes, ovaries, and regional lymph node drainage from those organs. Therefore, a radical lymphadnectomy is an integral and important part of the overall management program when radical surgery is performed. In most institutions, radiation therapy is used most frequently to treat carcinoma of the cervix in Stages I and II-A. The data from various institutions indicate significant survival potential from radiation therapy treatment programs that are appropriately devised. In Stages I and II-A the complications are minimal in character (primarily proctitis and cystitis); generally, they involve a potential incidence of about six percent
BFV-BRST quantization of 2D supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujiwara, T.; Igarashi, Y.; Kuriki, R.; Tabei, T.

1995-02-01

Two-dimensional supergravity theory is quantized as an anomalous gauge theory. In the Batalin-Fradkin (BF) formalism, the anomaly-canceling super-Liouville fields are introduced to identify the original second-class constrained system with a gauge-fixed version of a first-class system. The BFV-BRST quantization applies to formulate the theory in the most general class of gauges. A local effective action constructed in the configuration space contains two super-Liouville actions; one is a noncovariant but local functional written only in terms of 2D supergravity fields, and the other contains the super-Liouville fields canceling the super-Weyl anomaly. Auxiliary fields for the Liouville and the gravity super-multiplets are introduced to make the BRST algebra close off-shell. Inclusion of them turns out to be essentially important especially in the super-lightcone gauge-fixing, where the super-curvature equations (δ - 3 g ++ =δ - 2 χ ++ =0) are obtained as a result of BRST invariance of the theory. Our approach reveals the origin of the OSp (1,2) current algebra symmetry in a transparent manner. (author)
Local E11 and the gauging of the trombone symmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riccioni, Fabio

2010-01-01

In any dimension, the positive level generators of the very extended Kac-Moody algebra E 11 with completely antisymmetric spacetime indices are associated with the form fields of the corresponding maximal supergravity. We consider the local E 11 algebra, that is the algebra obtained by enlarging these generators of E 11 in such a way that the global E 11 symmetries are promoted to gauge symmetries. These are the gauge symmetries of the corresponding massless maximal supergravity. We show the existence of a new type of deformation of the local E 11 algebra, which corresponds to the gauging of the symmetry under rescaling of the fields. In particular, we show how the gauged IIA theory of Howe, Lambert and West is obtained from an 11-dimensional group element that only depends on the 11th coordinate via a linear rescaling. We then show how this results in ten dimensions in a deformed local E 11 algebra of a new type.
Gauge and matter fields coupled to N=2 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wit, B. de; Lauwers, P.G.; Philippe, R.; Su, S.-Q.; Proeyen, A. van.

1983-07-01

The authors consider the potential of a general matter system of N=2 vector and scalar multiplets coupled to supergravity. For lagrangians that are initially quadratic in the matter fields the potential is proved to be either positive or unbounded from below. The results have been obtained in the framework of a superconformal multiplet calculus, and it has been verified that they can be derived from each of the three off-shell representations. As an example the authors consider SO(6) Yang-Mills theory coupled to scalar multiplets in the 10+10 representation, which, for suitably chosen parameters, leads to the potential of gauged N=8 supergravity. Finally, a discussion of the possibility to set residual nonabelian symmetry groups after breaking of N=8 supersymmetry to N=1 or 2 is presented. (Auth.)
Human skeletal muscle: transition between fast and slow fibre types.

Science.gov (United States)

Neunhäuserer, Daniel; Zebedin, Michaela; Obermoser, Magdalena; Moser, Gerhard; Tauber, Mark; Niebauer, Josef; Resch, Herbert; Galler, Stefan

2011-05-01

Human skeletal muscles consist of different fibre types: slow fibres (slow twitch or type I) containing the myosin heavy chain isoform (MHC)-I and fast fibres (fast twitch or type II) containing MHC-IIa (type IIA) or MHC-IId (type IID). The following order of decreasing kinetics is known: type IID > type IIA > type I. This order is especially based on the kinetics of stretch activation, which is the most discriminative property among fibre types. In this study we tested if hybrid fibres containing both MHC-IIa and MHC-I (type C fibres) provide a transition in kinetics between fast (type IIA) and slow fibres (type I). Our data of stretch activation kinetics suggest that type C fibres, with different ratios of MHC-IIa and MHC-I, do not provide a continuous transition. Instead, a specialized group of slow fibres, which we called "transition fibres", seems to provide a transition. Apart of their kinetics of stretch activation, which is most close to that of type IIA, the transition fibres are characterized by large cross-sectional areas and low maximal tensions. The molecular cause for the mechanical properties of the transition fibres is unknown. It is possible that the transition fibres contain an unknown slow MHC isoform, which cannot be separated by biochemical methods. Alternatively, or in addition, isoforms of myofibrillar proteins, other than MHC, and posttranslational modifications of myofibrillar proteins could play a role regarding the characteristics of the transition fibres.
General supersymmetric solutions of five-dimensional supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gutowski, Jan B.; Sabra, Wafic

2005-01-01

The classification of 1/4-supersymmetric solutions of five dimensional gauged supergravity coupled to arbitrary many abelian vector multiplets, which was initiated elsewhere, is completed. The structure of all solutions for which the Killing vector constructed from the Killing spinor is null is investigated in both the gauged and the ungauged theories and some new solutions are constructed
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in N = 2 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zinov'ev, Y.M.

1987-01-01

A model describing the interaction of N = 2 supergravity with a vector and a linear multiplet is constructed. The model admits the introduction of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking with two arbitrary scales, one of which can be equal to zero, corresponding to the partial super-Higgs effect (N = 2→N = 1). The cosmological term is automatically equal to zero
Local supertwistors and N=2 conformal supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Merkulov, S.A.

1989-01-01

N = 2 sypersymmetric extension of the local twistor theory is formulated. A supertwistor superconnection determined by the superconformal structure of the base superspace is introduced on the bundle of N = 2 local supertwistors. It is proved that the Yang - Mills equations for this superconnection coincide exactly with the Bach equations describing the dynamics of N 2 conformal supergravity
N=2 supergravity in superspace and the BRS symmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kachkachi, M.; Lhallabi, T.

1989-07-01

The quantum N = 2 Einstein supergravity action is constructed by requiring the BRS symmetry. This latter is derived by the use of the distorted horizontality conditions in the curved N = 2 harmonic superspace. (author). 16 refs
A combination of two truncating mutations in USH2A causes more severe and progressive hearing impairment in Usher syndrome type IIa.

Science.gov (United States)

Hartel, Bas P; Löfgren, Maria; Huygen, Patrick L M; Guchelaar, Iris; Lo-A-Njoe Kort, Nicole; Sadeghi, Andre M; van Wijk, Erwin; Tranebjærg, Lisbeth; Kremer, Hannie; Kimberling, William J; Cremers, Cor W R J; Möller, Claes; Pennings, Ronald J E

2016-09-01

Usher syndrome is an inherited disorder that is characterized by hearing impairment (HI), retinitis pigmentosa, and in some cases vestibular dysfunction. Usher syndrome type IIa is caused by mutations in USH2A. HI in these patients is highly heterogeneous and the present study evaluates the effects of different types of USH2A mutations on the audiometric phenotype. Data from two large centres of expertise on Usher Syndrome in the Netherlands and Sweden were combined in order to create a large combined sample of patients to identify possible genotype-phenotype correlations. A retrospective study on HI in 110 patients (65 Dutch and 45 Swedish) genetically diagnosed with Usher syndrome type IIa. We used methods especially designed for characterizing and testing differences in audiological phenotype between patient subgroups. These methods included Age Related Typical Audiograms (ARTA) and a method to evaluate the difference in the degree of HI developed throughout life between subgroups. Cross-sectional linear regression analysis of last-visit audiograms for the best hearing ear demonstrated a gradual decline of hearing over decades. The congenital level of HI was in the range of 16-33 dB at 0.25-0.5 kHz, and in the range of 51-60 dB at 1-8 kHz. The annual threshold deterioration was in the range of 0.4-0.5 dB/year at 0.25-2 kHz and in the range of 0.7-0.8 dB/year at 4-8 kHz. Patients with two truncating mutations, including homozygotes for the common c.2299delG mutation, developed significantly more severe HI throughout life than patients with one truncating mutation combined with one nontruncating mutation, and patients with two nontruncating mutations. The results have direct implications for patient counselling in terms of prognosis of hearing and may serve as baseline measures for future (genetic) therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Disruption of the Class IIa HDAC Corepressor Complex Increases Energy Expenditure and Lipid Oxidation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vidhi Gaur

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Drugs that recapitulate aspects of the exercise adaptive response have the potential to provide better treatment for diseases associated with physical inactivity. We previously observed reduced skeletal muscle class IIa HDAC (histone deacetylase transcriptional repressive activity during exercise. Here, we find that exercise-like adaptations are induced by skeletal muscle expression of class IIa HDAC mutants that cannot form a corepressor complex. Adaptations include increased metabolic gene expression, mitochondrial capacity, and lipid oxidation. An existing HDAC inhibitor, Scriptaid, had similar phenotypic effects through disruption of the class IIa HDAC corepressor complex. Acute Scriptaid administration to mice increased the expression of metabolic genes, which required an intact class IIa HDAC corepressor complex. Chronic Scriptaid administration increased exercise capacity, whole-body energy expenditure and lipid oxidation, and reduced fasting blood lipids and glucose. Therefore, compounds that disrupt class IIa HDAC function could be used to enhance metabolic health in chronic diseases driven by physical inactivity.
Tanshinon IIA injection accelerates tissue expansion by reducing the formation of the fibrous capsule.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Qingxiong; Sheng, Lingling; Yang, Mei; Zhu, Ming; Huang, Xiaolu; Li, Qingfeng

2014-01-01

The tissue expansion technique has been applied to obtain new skin tissue to repair large defects in clinical practice. The implantation of tissue expander could initiate a host response to foreign body (FBR), which leads to fibrotic encapsulation around the expander and prolongs the period of tissue expansion. Tanshinon IIA (Tan IIA) has been shown to have anti-inflammation and immunoregulation effect. The rat tissue expansion model was used in this study to observe whether Tan IIA injection systematically could inhibit the FBR to reduce fibrous capsule formation and accelerate the process of tissue expansion. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the Tan IIA group and control group with 24 rats in each group. The expansion was conducted twice a week to maintain a capsule pressure of 60 mmHg. The expansion volume and expanded area were measured. The expanded tissue in the two groups was harvested, and histological staining was performed; proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were examined. The expansion volume and the expanded area in the Tan IIA group were greater than that of the control group. The thickness of the fibrous capsule in the Tan IIA group was reduced with no influence on the normal skin regeneration. Decreased infiltration of macrophages, lower level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-β, less proliferating myofibroblasts and enhanced neovascularization were observed in the Tan IIA group. Our findings indicated that the Tan IIA injection reduced the formation of the fibrous capsule and accelerated the process of tissue expansion by inhibiting the FBR.
Tanshinon IIA injection accelerates tissue expansion by reducing the formation of the fibrous capsule.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qingxiong Yu

Full Text Available The tissue expansion technique has been applied to obtain new skin tissue to repair large defects in clinical practice. The implantation of tissue expander could initiate a host response to foreign body (FBR, which leads to fibrotic encapsulation around the expander and prolongs the period of tissue expansion. Tanshinon IIA (Tan IIA has been shown to have anti-inflammation and immunoregulation effect. The rat tissue expansion model was used in this study to observe whether Tan IIA injection systematically could inhibit the FBR to reduce fibrous capsule formation and accelerate the process of tissue expansion. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the Tan IIA group and control group with 24 rats in each group. The expansion was conducted twice a week to maintain a capsule pressure of 60 mmHg. The expansion volume and expanded area were measured. The expanded tissue in the two groups was harvested, and histological staining was performed; proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β were examined. The expansion volume and the expanded area in the Tan IIA group were greater than that of the control group. The thickness of the fibrous capsule in the Tan IIA group was reduced with no influence on the normal skin regeneration. Decreased infiltration of macrophages, lower level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-β, less proliferating myofibroblasts and enhanced neovascularization were observed in the Tan IIA group. Our findings indicated that the Tan IIA injection reduced the formation of the fibrous capsule and accelerated the process of tissue expansion by inhibiting the FBR.
Manifesting enhanced cancellations in supergravity: integrands versus integrals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bern, Zvi; Enciso, Michael; Parra-Martinez, Julio; Zeng, Mao [Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy,University of California at Los Angeles,Los Angeles, CA 90095 (United States)

2017-05-25

Examples of ‘enhanced ultraviolet cancellations’ with no known standard-symmetry explanation have been found in a variety of supergravity theories. By examining one- and two-loop examples in four- and five-dimensional half-maximal supergravity, we argue that enhanced cancellations in general cannot be exhibited prior to integration. In light of this, we explore reorganizations of integrands into parts that are manifestly finite and parts that have poor power counting but integrate to zero due to integral identities. At two loops we find that in the large loop-momentum limit the required integral identities follow from Lorentz and SL(2) relabeling symmetry. We carry out a nontrivial check at four loops showing that the identities generated in this way are a complete set. We propose that at L loops the combination of Lorentz and SL(L) symmetry is sufficient for displaying enhanced cancellations when they happen, whenever the theory is known to be ultraviolet finite up to (L−1) loops.
Reappraisal of VAChT-Cre: Preference in slow motor neurons innervating type I or IIa muscle fibers.

Science.gov (United States)

Misawa, Hidemi; Inomata, Daijiro; Kikuchi, Miseri; Maruyama, Sae; Moriwaki, Yasuhiro; Okuda, Takashi; Nukina, Nobuyuki; Yamanaka, Tomoyuki

2016-11-01

VAChT-Cre.Fast and VAChT-Cre.Slow mice selectively express Cre recombinase in approximately one half of postnatal somatic motor neurons. The mouse lines have been used in various studies with selective genetic modifications in adult motor neurons. In the present study, we crossed VAChT-Cre lines with a reporter line, CAG-Syp/tdTomato, in which synaptophysin-tdTomato fusion proteins are efficiently sorted to axon terminals, making it possible to label both cell bodies and axon terminals of motor neurons. In the mice, Syp/tdTomato fluorescence preferentially co-localized with osteopontin, a recently discovered motor neuron marker for slow-twitch fatigue-resistant (S) and fast-twitch fatigue-resistant (FR) types. The fluorescence did not preferentially co-localize with matrix metalloproteinase-9, a marker for fast-twitch fatigable (FF) motor neurons. In the neuromuscular junctions, Syp/tdTomato fluorescence was detected mainly in motor nerve terminals that innervate type I or IIa muscle fibers. These results suggest that the VAChT-Cre lines are Cre-drivers that have selectivity in S and FR motor neurons. In order to avoid confusion, we have changed the mouse line names from VAChT-Cre.Fast and VAChT-Cre.Slow to VAChT-Cre.Early and VAChT-Cre.Late, respectively. The mouse lines will be useful tools to study slow-type motor neurons, in relation to physiology and pathology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

One-point functions of non-SUSY operators at arbitrary genus in a matrix model for type IIA superstrings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tsunehide Kuroki

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In the previous paper, the authors pointed out correspondence between a supersymmetric double-well matrix model and two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory on a Ramond–Ramond background from the viewpoint of symmetry and spectrum. This was confirmed by agreement between planar correlation functions in the matrix model and tree-level amplitudes in the superstring theory. In order to investigate the correspondence further, in this paper we compute correlation functions to all order of genus expansion in the double scaling limit of the matrix model. One-point functions of operators protected by supersymmetry terminate at some finite order, whereas those of unprotected operators yield non-Borel summable series. The behavior of the latter is characteristic in string perturbation series, providing further evidence that the matrix model describes a string theory. Moreover, instanton corrections to the planar one-point functions are also computed, and universal logarithmic scaling behavior is found for non-supersymmetric operators.
One-point functions of non-SUSY operators at arbitrary genus in a matrix model for type IIA superstrings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuroki, Tsunehide, E-mail: kuroki@dg.kagawa-nct.ac.jp [General Eduction, National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College, 551 Kohda, Takuma-cho, Mitoyo, Kagawa 769-1192 (Japan); Sugino, Fumihiko, E-mail: fusugino@gmail.com [Okayama Institute for Quantum Physics, Furugyocho 1-7-36, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8278 (Japan)

2017-06-15

In the previous paper, the authors pointed out correspondence between a supersymmetric double-well matrix model and two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory on a Ramond–Ramond background from the viewpoint of symmetry and spectrum. This was confirmed by agreement between planar correlation functions in the matrix model and tree-level amplitudes in the superstring theory. In order to investigate the correspondence further, in this paper we compute correlation functions to all order of genus expansion in the double scaling limit of the matrix model. One-point functions of operators protected by supersymmetry terminate at some finite order, whereas those of unprotected operators yield non-Borel summable series. The behavior of the latter is characteristic in string perturbation series, providing further evidence that the matrix model describes a string theory. Moreover, instanton corrections to the planar one-point functions are also computed, and universal logarithmic scaling behavior is found for non-supersymmetric operators.
One-point functions of non-SUSY operators at arbitrary genus in a matrix model for type IIA superstrings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuroki, Tsunehide; Sugino, Fumihiko

2017-01-01

In the previous paper, the authors pointed out correspondence between a supersymmetric double-well matrix model and two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory on a Ramond–Ramond background from the viewpoint of symmetry and spectrum. This was confirmed by agreement between planar correlation functions in the matrix model and tree-level amplitudes in the superstring theory. In order to investigate the correspondence further, in this paper we compute correlation functions to all order of genus expansion in the double scaling limit of the matrix model. One-point functions of operators protected by supersymmetry terminate at some finite order, whereas those of unprotected operators yield non-Borel summable series. The behavior of the latter is characteristic in string perturbation series, providing further evidence that the matrix model describes a string theory. Moreover, instanton corrections to the planar one-point functions are also computed, and universal logarithmic scaling behavior is found for non-supersymmetric operators.
Constructive approach to supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Milton, K.A.; Urrutia, L.F.; Finkelstein, R.J.

1980-01-01

Starting from a first-order formulation of the Lagrangian of noninteracting massless helicity-2 and helicity-3/2 particles, global supersymmetry transformations are deduced. Then, allowing the supersymmetry transformations to become local requires, if supersymmetry is to be maintained, the introduction of a unique primitive interaction through the 'gravitino' stress tensor and torsion. Finally, the imposition of exact supersymmetry invariance leads by a short, constructive process to full supergravity and the complete form of the super-symmetry transformations. In particular, no explicit use is made of general coordinate invariance, and the self-consistency of the gravitational coupling emerges from the local supersymmetry requirement alone. (author)
Conformal supergravity in five dimensions: new approach and applications

Science.gov (United States)

Butter, Daniel; Kuzenko, Sergei M.; Novak, Joseph; Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele

2015-02-01

We develop a new off-shell formulation for five-dimensional (5D) conformal supergravity obtained by gauging the 5D superconformal algebra in superspace. An important property of the conformal superspace introduced is that it reduces to the super-conformal tensor calculus (formulated in the early 2000's) upon gauging away a number of superfluous fields. On the other hand, a different gauge fixing reduces our formulation to the SU(2) superspace of arXiv:0802.3953, which is suitable to describe the most general off-shell supergravity-matter couplings. Using the conformal superspace approach, we show how to reproduce practically all off-shell constructions derived so far, including he supersymmetric extensions of R 2 terms, thus demonstrating the power of our formulation. Furthermore, we construct for the first time a supersymmetric completion of the Ricci tensor squared term using the standard Weyl multiplet coupled to an off-shell vector multiplet. In addition, we present several procedures to generate higher-order off-shell invariants in supergravity, including higher-derivative ones. The covariant projective multiplets proposed in arXiv:0802.3953 are lifted to conformal superspace, and a manifestly superconformal action principle is given. We also introduce unconstrained prepotentials for the vector multiplet, the multiplet (i.e., the linear multiplet without central charge) and multiplets, with n = 0 , 1 , . . . Superform formulations are given for the BF action and the non-abelian Chern-Simons action. Finally, we describe locally supersymmetric theories with gauged central charge in conformal superspace.
Tensor calculus for the vector multiplet coupled to supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stelle, K.S.

1978-01-01

An invariant coupling of a local vector multiplet to supergravity is constructed in analogy with the D term invariant of global supersymmetry. The rules for combining local vector and chiral scalar multiplets of opposite chirality are given. (Auth.)
Off-diagonal deformations of Kerr metrics and black ellipsoids in heterotic supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vacaru, Sergiu I.; Irwin, Klee

2017-01-01

Geometric methods for constructing exact solutions of equations of motion with first order α ' corrections to the heterotic supergravity action implying a nontrivial Yang-Mills sector and six-dimensional, 6-d, almost-Kaehler internal spaces are studied. In 10-d spacetimes, general parametrizations for generic off-diagonal metrics, nonlinear and linear connections, and matter sources, when the equations of motion decouple in very general forms are considered. This allows us to construct a variety of exact solutions when the coefficients of fundamental geometric/physical objects depend on all higher-dimensional spacetime coordinates via corresponding classes of generating and integration functions, generalized effective sources and integration constants. Such generalized solutions are determined by generic off-diagonal metrics and nonlinear and/or linear connections; in particular, as configurations which are warped/compactified to lower dimensions and for Levi-Civita connections. The corresponding metrics can have (non-) Killing and/or Lie algebra symmetries and/or describe (1+2)-d and/or (1+3)-d domain wall configurations, with possible warping nearly almost-Kaehler manifolds, with gravitational and gauge instantons for nonlinear vacuum configurations and effective polarizations of cosmological and interaction constants encoding string gravity effects. A series of examples of exact solutions describing generic off-diagonal supergravity modifications to black hole/ellipsoid and solitonic configurations are provided and analyzed. We prove that it is possible to reproduce the Kerr and other type black solutions in general relativity (with certain types of string corrections) in the 4-d case and to generalize the solutions to non-vacuum configurations in (super-) gravity/string theories. (orig.)
Off-diagonal deformations of Kerr metrics and black ellipsoids in heterotic supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vacaru, Sergiu I. [Quantum Gravity Research, Topanga, CA (United States); University ' ' Al. I. Cuza' ' , Project IDEI, Iasi (Romania); Irwin, Klee [Quantum Gravity Research, Topanga, CA (United States)

2017-01-15

Geometric methods for constructing exact solutions of equations of motion with first order α{sup '} corrections to the heterotic supergravity action implying a nontrivial Yang-Mills sector and six-dimensional, 6-d, almost-Kaehler internal spaces are studied. In 10-d spacetimes, general parametrizations for generic off-diagonal metrics, nonlinear and linear connections, and matter sources, when the equations of motion decouple in very general forms are considered. This allows us to construct a variety of exact solutions when the coefficients of fundamental geometric/physical objects depend on all higher-dimensional spacetime coordinates via corresponding classes of generating and integration functions, generalized effective sources and integration constants. Such generalized solutions are determined by generic off-diagonal metrics and nonlinear and/or linear connections; in particular, as configurations which are warped/compactified to lower dimensions and for Levi-Civita connections. The corresponding metrics can have (non-) Killing and/or Lie algebra symmetries and/or describe (1+2)-d and/or (1+3)-d domain wall configurations, with possible warping nearly almost-Kaehler manifolds, with gravitational and gauge instantons for nonlinear vacuum configurations and effective polarizations of cosmological and interaction constants encoding string gravity effects. A series of examples of exact solutions describing generic off-diagonal supergravity modifications to black hole/ellipsoid and solitonic configurations are provided and analyzed. We prove that it is possible to reproduce the Kerr and other type black solutions in general relativity (with certain types of string corrections) in the 4-d case and to generalize the solutions to non-vacuum configurations in (super-) gravity/string theories. (orig.)
Supergravity solutions for D-branes in Hpp-wave backgrounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bain, P.; Meessen, P.; Zamaklar, M.

2002-05-01

We derive two families of supergravity solutions describing D-branes in the maximally supersymmetric Hpp-wave background. The first family of solutions corresponds to quarter-BPS D-branes. These solutions are delocalised along certain directions transverse to the pp-wave The second family corresponds to the non-supersymmetric D-branes. These solutions are fully localised. A peculiar feature of the nonsupersymmetric solutions is that gravity becomes repulsive close to the core of the D-brane. Both families preserve the amount of supersymmetry predicted by the D-brane probe/CFT analysis. All solutions are written in Brinkman coordinates. To construct these kind of solutions it is crucial to identify the coordinates in which the ansatz looks the simplest. We argue that the natural coordinates to get the supergravity description of the half-BPS branes are the Rosen coordinates. (author)
Gravitino problem in minimal supergravity inflation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, Fuminori [Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 (Japan); Mukaida, Kyohei [Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 (Japan); Nakayama, Kazunori [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0033 (Japan); Terada, Takahiro, E-mail: terada@kias.re.kr [School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Seoul 02455 (Korea, Republic of); Yamada, Yusuke [Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)

2017-04-10

We study non-thermal gravitino production in the minimal supergravity inflation. In this minimal model utilizing orthogonal nilpotent superfields, the particle spectrum includes only graviton, gravitino, inflaton, and goldstino. We find that a substantial fraction of the cosmic energy density can be transferred to the longitudinal gravitino due to non-trivial change of its sound speed. This implies either a breakdown of the effective theory after inflation or a serious gravitino problem.
Gravitino problem in minimal supergravity inflation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fuminori Hasegawa

2017-04-01

Full Text Available We study non-thermal gravitino production in the minimal supergravity inflation. In this minimal model utilizing orthogonal nilpotent superfields, the particle spectrum includes only graviton, gravitino, inflaton, and goldstino. We find that a substantial fraction of the cosmic energy density can be transferred to the longitudinal gravitino due to non-trivial change of its sound speed. This implies either a breakdown of the effective theory after inflation or a serious gravitino problem.
A Note on Supergravity Duals of Noncommutative Yang-Mills Theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Das, Sumit R.; Ghosh, Banhiman

2000-01-01

A class of supergravity backgrounds have been proposed as dual descriptions of strong coupling large-N noncommutative Yang-Mills (NCYM) theories in 3+1 dimensions. However calculations of correlation functions in supergravity from an evaluation of relevant classical actions appear ambiguous. We propose a resolution of this ambiguity. Assuming that holographic description exists - regardless of whether it is the NCYM theory - we argue that there should be operators in the holographic boundary theory which create normalized states of definite energy and momenta. An operator version of the dual correspondence then provides a calculation of correlators of these operators in terms of bulk Green's functions. We show that in the low energy limit the correlators reproduce expected answers of the ordinary Yang-Mills theory. (author)
Development of Class IIa Bacteriocins as Therapeutic Agents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher T. Lohans

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Class IIa bacteriocins have been primarily explored as natural food preservatives, but there is much interest in exploring the application of these peptides as therapeutic antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocins of this class possess antimicrobial activity against several important human pathogens. Therefore, the therapeutic development of these bacteriocins will be reviewed. Biological and chemical modifications to both stabilize and increase the potency of bacteriocins are discussed, as well as the optimization of their production and purification. The suitability of bacteriocins as pharmaceuticals is explored through determinations of cytotoxicity, effects on the natural microbiota, and in vivo efficacy in mouse models. Recent results suggest that class IIa bacteriocins show promise as a class of therapeutic agents.
Inflaton decay through supergravity effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Endo, M.; Takahashi, F.; Kawasaki, M.; Yanagida, T.T.; Tokyo Univ.

2006-07-01

We point out that supergravity effects enable the inflaton to decay into all matter fields, including the visible and the supersymmetry breaking sectors, once the inflaton acquires a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value. The new decay processes have great impacts on cosmology; the reheating temperature is bounded below; the gravitinos are produced by the inflaton decay in a broad class of the dynamical supersymmetry breaking models. We derive the bounds on the inflaton mass and the vacuum expectation value, which severely constrain high-scale inflations such as the hybrid and chaotic inflation models. (orig.)
Secretory Phospholipase A2-IIA and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Holmes, Michael V.; Simon, Tabassome; Exeter, Holly J.; Folkersen, Lasse; Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Guardiola, Montse; Cooper, Jackie A.; Palmen, Jutta; Hubacek, Jaroslav A.; Carruthers, Kathryn F.; Horne, Benjamin D.; Brunisholz, Kimberly D.; Mega, Jessica L.; van Iperen, Erik P. A.; Li, Mingyao; Leusink, Maarten; Trompet, Stella; Verschuren, Jeffrey J. W.; Hovingh, G. Kees; Dehghan, Abbas; Nelson, Christopher P.; Kotti, Salma; Danchin, Nicolas; Scholz, Markus; Haase, Christiane L.; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Swerdlow, Daniel I.; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B.; Staines-Urias, Eleonora; Goel, Anuj; van 't Hooft, Ferdinand; Gertow, Karl; de Faire, Ulf; Panayiotou, Andrie G.; Tremoli, Elena; Baldassarre, Damiano; Veglia, Fabrizio; Holdt, Lesca M.; Beutner, Frank; Gansevoort, Ron T.; Navis, Gerjan J.; Mateo Leach, Irene; Breitling, Lutz P.; Brenner, Hermann; Thiery, Joachim; Dallmeier, Dhayana; Franco-Cereceda, Anders; Boer, Jolanda M. A.; Stephens, Jeffrey W.; Hofker, Marten H.; Tedgui, Alain; Hofman, Albert; Uitterlinden, André G.; Adamkova, Vera; Pitha, Jan; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Cramer, Maarten J.; Nathoe, Hendrik M.; Spiering, Wilko; Klungel, Olaf H.; Kumari, Meena; Whincup, Peter H.; Morrow, David A.; Braund, Peter S.; Hall, Alistair S.; Olsson, Anders G.; Doevendans, Pieter A.; Trip, Mieke D.; Tobin, Martin D.; Hamsten, Anders; Watkins, Hugh; Koenig, Wolfgang; Nicolaides, Andrew N.; Teupser, Daniel; Day, Ian N. M.; Carlquist, John F.; Gaunt, Tom R.; Ford, Ian; Sattar, Naveed; Tsimikas, Sotirios; Schwartz, Gregory G.; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Morris, Richard W.; Sandhu, Manjinder S.; Poledne, Rudolf; Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Keating, Brendan J.; van der Harst, Pim; Price, Jackie F.; Mehta, Shamir R.; Yusuf, Salim; Witteman, Jaqueline C. M.; Franco, Oscar H.; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Knijff, Peter; Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne; Rader, Daniel J.; Farrall, Martin; Samani, Nilesh J.; Kivimaki, Mika; Fox, Keith A. A.; Humphries, Steve E.; Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Boekholdt, S. Matthijs; Palmer, Tom M.; Eriksson, Per; Paré, Guillaume; Hingorani, Aroon D.; Sabatine, Marc S.; Mallat, Ziad; Casas, Juan P.; Talmud, Philippa J.

2013-01-01

This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA in cardiovascular disease. Higher circulating levels of sPLA2-IIA mass or sPLA2 enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is not clear if this association is
Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry and gauge invariance in supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sohnius, M. (European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva (Switzerland)); West, P. (King' s Coll., London (UK). Dept. of Mathematics)

1982-08-09

Using the new minimal auxillary fields of N = 1 supergravity it is found possible to construct a model of local supersymmetry which spontaneously breaks both supersymmetry and gauge invariance. The status of the cosmological constant resulting from this breaking is discussed.
N=2 supergravity in superspace: the invariant action

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gal'perin, A.S.; Sokachev, E.

1987-01-01

This paper continues the formulation of harmonic superspace supergravity. We write down the invariant action for the first off-shell version of the theory. The proof of the invariance relies on the existence of a new 'hybrid' basis in harmonic superspace in which semi-chirality combined with analyticity are manifest
The secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA: a missing link between inflammation, activated renin-angiotensin system, and atherogenesis?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dimitar Divchev

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Dimitar Divchev, Bernhard SchiefferDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, GermanyAbstract: Inflammation, lipid peroxidation and chronic activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS are hallmarks of the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of the pro-inflammatory secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA in atherogenesis. This enzyme is produced by different cell types through stimulation by proinflammatory cytokines. It is detectable in the intima and in media smooth muscle cells, not only in atherosclerotic lesions but also in the very early stages of atherogenesis. sPLA2-IIA can hydrolyse the phospholipid monolayers of low density lipoproteins (LDL. Such modified LDL show increased affinity to proteoglycans. The modified particles have a greater tendency to aggregate and an enhanced ability to insert cholesterol into cells. This modification may promote macrophage LDL uptake leading to the formation of foam cells. Furthermore, sPLA2-IIA is not only a mediator for localized inflammation but may be also used as an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndromes. An interaction between activated RAS and phospholipases has been indicated by observations showing that inhibitors of sPLA2 decrease angiotensin (Ang II-induced macrophage lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, various interactions between Ang II and oxLDL have been demonstrated suggesting a central role of sPLA2-IIA in these processes and offering a possible target for treatment. The role of sPLA2-IIA in the perpetuation of atherosclerosis appears to be the missing link between inflammation, activated RAS and lipidperoxidation.Keywords: secretory phospholipase A2, lipoproteins, renin-angiotensin system, inflammation, atherosclerosis
Stable de Sitter vacua in four-dimensional supergravity originating from five dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oegetbil, O.

2008-01-01

The five-dimensional stable de Sitter ground states in N=2 supergravity obtained by gauging SO(1,1) symmetry of the real symmetric scalar manifold (in particular, a generic Jordan family manifold of the vector multiplets) simultaneously with a subgroup R s of the R-symmetry group descend to four-dimensional de Sitter ground states under certain conditions. First, the holomorphic section in four dimensions has to be chosen carefully by using the symplectic freedom in four dimensions; second, a group contraction is necessary to bring the potential into a desired form. Under these conditions, stable de Sitter vacua can be obtained in dimensionally reduced theories (from 5D to 4D) if the semidirect product of SO(1,1) with R (1,1) together with a simultaneous R s is gauged. We review the stable de Sitter vacua in four dimensions found in earlier literature for N=2 Yang-Mills Einstein supergravity with the SO(2,1)xR s gauge group in a symplectic basis that comes naturally after dimensional reduction. Although this particular gauge group does not descend directly from five dimensions, we show that its contraction does. Hence, two different theories overlap in certain limits. Examples of stable de Sitter vacua are given for the cases: (i) R s =U(1) R , (ii) R s =SU(2) R , and (iii) N=2 Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theory coupled to a universal hypermultiplet. We conclude with a discussion regarding the extension of our results to supergravity theories with more general homogeneous scalar manifolds.
Vacua of maximal gauged D=3 supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischbacher, T; Nicolai, H; Samtleben, H

2002-01-01

We analyse the scalar potentials of maximal gauged three-dimensional supergravities which reveal a surprisingly rich structure. In contrast to maximal supergravities in dimensions D≥4, all these theories possess a maximally supersymmetric (N=16) ground state with negative cosmological constant Λ 2 gauged theory, whose maximally supersymmetric groundstate has Λ = 0. We compute the mass spectra of bosonic and fermionic fluctuations around these vacua and identify the unitary irreducible representations of the relevant background (super)isometry groups to which they belong. In addition, we find several stationary points which are not maximally supersymmetric, and determine their complete mass spectra as well. In particular, we show that there are analogues of all stationary points found in higher dimensions, among them are de Sitter (dS) vacua in the theories with noncompact gauge groups SO(5, 3) 2 and SO(4, 4) 2 , as well as anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacua in the compact gauged theory preserving 1/4 and 1/8 of the supersymmetries. All the dS vacua have tachyonic instabilities, whereas there do exist nonsupersymmetric AdS vacua which are stable, again in contrast to the D≥4 theories

On the construction of supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holten, J.W. van.

1980-01-01

A precise and technical definition of supersymmetry is given. The theory of SO(2) supergravity is presented. The linearized version of the full multiplet, including auxiliary fields, of this theory as well as of certain matter multiplets, are constructed. These results are extended to all orders in the coupling constant kappa. Finally, the quantization procedure for theories with local gauge invariance and its generalization for theories with non-closing, or open, gauge algebras is presented. (Auth.)
Minimal scalar-less matter-coupled supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dall' Agata, Gianguido, E-mail: dallagat@pd.infn.it [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova (Italy); Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau (France); Ferrara, Sergio [Theory Unit, Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 (United States); Zwirner, Fabio [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova (Italy); Theory Unit, Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland)

2016-01-10

We build the minimal supergravity model where the nilpotent chiral goldstino superfield is coupled to a chiral matter superfield, realising a different non-linear representation through a mixed nilpotency constraint. The model describes the spontaneous breaking of local supersymmetry in the presence of a generically massive Majorana fermion, but in the absence of elementary scalars. The sign and the size of the cosmological constant, the spectrum and the four-fermion interactions are controlled by suitable parameters.
Minimal scalar-less matter-coupled supergravity

CERN Document Server

Dall'Agata, Gianguido; Zwirner, Fabio

2016-01-01

We build the minimal supergravity model where the nilpotent chiral goldstino superfield is coupled to a chiral matter superfield, realising a different non-linear representation through a mixed nilpotency constraint. The model describes the spontaneous breaking of local supersymmetry in the presence of a generically massive Majorana fermion, but in the absence of elementary scalars. The sign and the size of the cosmological constant, the spectrum and the four-fermion interactions are controlled by suitable parameters.
Loop groups, Kaluza-Klein reduction and M-theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergman, Aaron; Varadarajan, Uday

2005-01-01

We show that the data of a principal G-bundle over a principal circle bundle is equivalent to that of a LG-circumflex (def)/= U(1) x LG-bundle over the base of the circle bundle. We apply this to the Kaluza-Klein reduction of M-theory to IIA and show that certain generalized characteristic classes of the loop group bundle encode the Bianchi identities of the antisymmetric tensor fields of IIA supergravity. We further show that the low dimensional characteristic classes of the central extension of the loop group encode the Bianchi identities of massive IIA, thereby adding support to the conjectures given elsewhere
Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry and gauge invariance in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sohnius, M.; West, P.

1982-01-01

Using the new minimal auxillary fields of N = 1 supergravity it is found possible to construct a model of local supersymmetry which spontaneously breaks both supersymmetry and gauge invariance. The status of the cosmological constant resulting from this breaking is discussed. (orig.)
Supersymmetric black holes in N = 2 supergravity theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aichelburg, P.C.

1982-01-01

We present an exact, asymptotically flat, stationary solution of the field equations of O(2) extended supergravity theory. This solution has a mass, central electric charge as well as a supercharge and constitutes the first exact, supersymmetric generalization of the black hole geometries. The solution generalizes the extreme Reissner-Nordstroem black holes. (Author)
On N=8 supergravity in AdS5 and N=4 superconformal Yang-Mills theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrara, S.; Zaffaroni, A.; Froensdal, C.

1998-01-01

We discuss the spectrum of states of IIB supergravity on AdS 5 x S 5 in a manifest SU(2,2/4) invariant setting. The boundary fields are described in terms of N=4 superconformal Yang-Mills theory and the proposed correspondence between supergravity in AdS 5 and superconformal invariant singleton theory at the boundary is formulated in a N=4 superfield covariant language. (orig.)
Some features of SUSY breaking in N=2 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cecotti, S.; Giradello, L.; Porrati, M.

1984-08-01

We discuss some features of SUSY breaking in N=2 Supergravity. Firstly, we show that in a general N=2 Sugra model (constructed according to the tensor calculus) all stationary points of the potential, at Λ=0, are fully supersymmetric if the compensating multiplet is not gauged. Thus a viable super-Higgs effect in N=2 supergravity can occur only in the presence of a Fayet-Iliopoulos term. Then we present an explicit model with two scales of breaking in anti-de Sitter space. Moreover, the ratio of the two gravitino masses is sliding i.e. not determined by the classical potential. In the extreme situation one of the gravitino mass equals √-Λ/3, and thus we have partial super-Higgs (in AdS space). The cosmological constant may be arranged to an arbitrary small value while keeping the mass of the heavy gravitino constant. (author)
Supersymmetric warped AdS in extended topologically massive supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deger, N.S.; Kaya, A.; Samtleben, H.; Sezgin, E.

2014-01-01

We determine the most general form of off-shell N=(1,1) supergravity field configurations in three dimensions by requiring that at least one off-shell Killing spinor exists. We then impose the field equations of the topologically massive off-shell supergravity and find a class of solutions whose properties crucially depend on the norm of the auxiliary vector field. These are spacelike-squashed and timelike-stretched AdS 3 for the spacelike and timelike norms, respectively. At the transition point where the norm vanishes, the solution is null warped AdS 3 . This occurs when the coefficient of the Lorentz–Chern–Simons term is related to the AdS radius by μℓ=2. We find that the spacelike-squashed AdS 3 can be modded out by a suitable discrete subgroup of the isometry group, yielding an extremal black hole solution which avoids closed timelike curves
N ≥ 4 Supergravity Amplitudes from Gauge Theory at Two Loops

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boucher-Veronneau, Camille

2012-01-01

We present the full two-loop four-graviton amplitudes in N = 4, 5, 6 supergravity. These results were obtained using the double-copy structure of gravity, which follows from the recently conjectured color-kinematics duality in gauge theory. The two-loop four-gluon scattering amplitudes in N = 0, 1, 2 supersymmetric gauge theory are a second essential ingredient. The gravity amplitudes have the expected infrared behavior: the two-loop divergences are given in terms of the squares of the corresponding one-loop amplitudes. The finite remainders are presented in a compact form. The finite remainder for N = 8 supergravity is also presented, in a form that utilizes a pure function with a very simple symbol.
On the topology of the inflaton field in minimal supergravity models

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrara, Sergio; Fré, Pietro; Sorin, Alexander S.

2014-04-01

We consider global issues in minimal supergravity models where a single field inflaton potential emerges. In a particular case we reproduce the Starobinsky model and its description dual to a certain formulation of R + R 2 supergravity. For definiteness we confine our analysis to spaces at constant curvature, either vanishing or negative. Five distinct models arise, two flat models with respectively a quadratic and a quartic potential and three based on the space where its distinct isometries, elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic are gauged. Fayet-Iliopoulos terms are introduced in a geometric way and they turn out to be a crucial ingredient in order to describe the de Sitter inflationary phase of the Starobinsky model.
On the Topology of the Inflaton Field in Minimal Supergravity Models

CERN Document Server

Ferrara, Sergio; Sorin, Alexander S

2014-01-01

We consider global issues in minimal supergravity models where a single field inflaton potential emerges. In a particular case we reproduce the Starobinsky model and its description dual to a certain formulation of R+R^2 supergravity. For definiteness we confine our analysis to spaces at constant curvature, either vanishing or negative. Five distinct models arise, two flat models with respectively a quadratic and a quartic potential and three based on the SU(1,1)/U(1) space where its distinct isometries, elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic are gauged. Fayet-Iliopoulos terms are introduced in a geometric way and they turn out to be a crucial ingredient in order to describe the de Sitter inflationary phase of the Starobinsky model.
Gauge theory of gravity and supergravity on a group manifold

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ne'eman, Y.; Regge, T.

1977-12-01

The natural arena for the physics of gravity, supergravity and their enlargements appears to be the group manifold of the Poincare group P, the graded Poincare group GP of supersymmetry, and the corresponding enlargements. The dynamics of these theories correspond to geometrical algorithms in P and GP. Differential geometry on Lie groups is reviewed and results applied to P and GP. Curvature, gauge transformations and factorization are introduced. Also reviewed is the general coordinate transformation group and a hybrid gauge transformation, the anholonomized G.C.T. gauge. A study is made of the construction of an action, including the introduction of a set of special 2 forms, the ''pseudo curvatures.'' The possibilities of factorization in supersymmetry are analyzed. The version of supergravity is present which has now become a completely geometrical theory
Tribrid Inflation in Supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Antusch, Stefan; Dutta, Koushik; Kostka, Philipp M.

We propose a novel class of F-term hybrid inflation models in supergravity (SUGRA) where the η-problem is resolved using either a Heisenberg symmetry or a shift symmetry of the Kähler potential. In addition to the inflaton and the waterfall field, this class (referred to as tribrid inflation) contains a third "driving" field which contributes the large vacuum energy during inflation by its F-term. In contrast to the "standard" hybrid scenario, it has several attractive features due to the property of vanishing inflationary superpotential (Winf = 0) during inflation. Quantum corrections induced by symmetry breaking terms in the superpotential generate a slope of the potential and lead to a spectral tilt consistent with recent WMAP observations.
Conformal supergravity in five dimensions: new approach and applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Butter, Daniel [Nikhef Theory Group,Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam (Netherlands); Kuzenko, Sergei M.; Novak, Joseph; Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia)

2015-02-17

We develop a new off-shell formulation for five-dimensional (5D) conformal supergravity obtained by gauging the 5D superconformal algebra in superspace. An important property of the conformal superspace introduced is that it reduces to the superconformal tensor calculus (formulated in the early 2000’s) upon gauging away a number of superfluous fields. On the other hand, a different gauge fixing reduces our formulation to the SU(2) superspace of arXiv:0802.3953, which is suitable to describe the most general off-shell supergravity-matter couplings. Using the conformal superspace approach, we show how to reproduce practically all off-shell constructions derived so far, including the supersymmetric extensions of R{sup 2} terms, thus demonstrating the power of our formulation. Furthermore, we construct for the first time a supersymmetric completion of the Ricci tensor squared term using the standard Weyl multiplet coupled to an off-shell vector multiplet. In addition, we present several procedures to generate higher-order off-shell invariants in supergravity, including higher-derivative ones. The covariant projective multiplets proposed in arXiv:0802.3953 are lifted to conformal superspace, and a manifestly superconformal action principle is given. We also introduce unconstrained prepotentials for the vector multiplet, the O(2) multiplet (i.e., the linear multiplet without central charge) and O(4+n) multiplets, with n=0,1,… Superform formulations are given for the BF action and the non-abelian Chern-Simons action. Finally, we describe locally supersymmetric theories with gauged central charge in conformal superspace.
Topics in N = 1 supergravity in four dimensions and superstring effective field theories beyond tree-level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saririan, K.

1997-05-01

In this thesis, the author presents some works in the direction of studying quantum effects in locally supersymmetric effective field theories that appear in the low energy limit of superstring theory. After reviewing the Kaehler covariant formulation of supergravity, he shows the calculation of the divergent one-loop contribution to the effective boson Lagrangian for supergravity, including the Yang-Mills sector and the helicity-odd operators that arise from integration over fermion fields. The only restriction is on the Yang-Mills kinetic energy normalization function, which is taken diagonal in gauge indices, as in models obtained from superstrings. He then presents the full result for the divergent one-loop contribution to the effective boson Lagrangian for supergravity coupled to chiral and Yang-Mills supermultiplets. He also considers the specific case of dilaton couplings in effective supergravity Lagrangians from superstrings, for which the one-loop result is considerably simplified. He studies gaugino condensation in the presence of an intermediate mass scale in the hidden sector. S-duality is imposed as an approximate symmetry of the effective supergravity theory. Furthermore, the author includes in the Kaehler potential the renormalization of the gauge coupling and the one-loop threshold corrections at the intermediate scale. It is shown that confinement is indeed achieved. Furthermore, a new running behavior of the dilaton arises which he attributes to S-duality. He also discusses the effects of the intermediate scale, and possible phenomenological implications of this model
Tanshinone IIA Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells via Modulation of STAT3-CCL2 Signaling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sung-Ying Huang

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA is an extract from the widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has been found to attenuate the proliferation of bladder cancer (BCa cells (The IC50 were: 5637, 2.6 μg/mL; BFTC, 2 μg/mL; T24, 2.7 μg/mL, respectively.. However, the mechanism of the effect of Tan-IIA on migration inhibition of BCa cells remains unclear. This study investigates the anti-metastatic effect of Tan-IIA in human BCa cells and clarifies its molecular mechanism. Three human BCa cell lines, 5637, BFTC and T24, were used for subsequent experiments. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell assays. Real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT-related gene expression. The enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP was evaluated by zymography assay. Tan-IIA inhibited the migration and invasion of human BCa cells. Tan-IIA suppressed both the protein expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-9/-2 in human BCa cells. Tan-IIA up-regulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin and down-regulated mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, along with transcription regulators such as Snail and Slug in BCa cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mechanism dissection revealed that Tan-IIA-inhibited BCa cell invasion could function via suppressed chemokine (C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2 expression, which could be reversed by the addition of CCL2 recombinant protein. Furthermore, Tan-IIA could inhibit the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3 (Tyr705, which cannot be restored by the CCL2 recombinant protein addition. These data implicated that Tan-IIA might suppress EMT on BCa cells through STAT3-CCL2 signaling inhibition. Tan-IIA inhibits EMT of BCa cells via modulation of STAT3-CCL2 signaling. Our findings suggest that Tan-IIA can serve as a potential anti-metastatic agent in BCa therapy.
The general supersymmetric solution of topologically massive supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gibbons, G W; Pope, C N; Sezgin, E

2008-01-01

We find the general fully nonlinear solution of topologically massive supergravity admitting a Killing spinor. It is of plane-wave type, with a null Killing vector field. Conversely, we show that all solutions with a null Killing vector are supersymmetric for one or the other choice of sign for the Chern-Simons coupling constant μ. If μ does not take the critical value, μ = ±1, these solutions are asymptotically regular on a Poincare patch, but do not admit a smooth global compactification with boundary S 1 x R. In the critical case, the solutions have a logarithmic singularity on the boundary of the Poincare patch. We derive a Nester-Witten identity, which allows us to identify the associated charges, but we conclude that the presence of the Chern-Simons term prevents us from making a statement about their positivity. The Nester-Witten procedure is applied to the BTZ black hole
Spontaneous SUSY breaking without R symmetry in supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Maekawa, Nobuhiro; Omura, Yuji; Shigekami, Yoshihiro; Yoshida, Manabu

2018-03-01

We discuss spontaneous supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking in a model with an anomalous U (1 )A symmetry. In this model, the size of the each term in the superpotential is controlled by the U (1 )A charge assignment and SUSY is spontaneously broken via the Fayet-Iliopoulos of U (1 )A at the metastable vacuum. In the global SUSY analysis, the gaugino masses become much smaller than the sfermion masses, because an approximate R symmetry appears at the SUSY breaking vacuum. In this paper, we show that gaugino masses can be as large as gravitino mass, taking the supergravity effect into consideration. This is because the R symmetry is not imposed so that the constant term in the superpotential, which is irrelevant to the global SUSY analysis, largely contributes to the soft SUSY breaking terms in the supergravity. As the mediation mechanism, we introduce the contributions of the field not charged under U (1 )A and the moduli field to cancel the anomaly of U (1 )A. We comment on the application of our SUSY breaking scenario to the grand unified theory.
On a supersymmetric completion of the R4 term in IIB supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haro, Sebastian de; Sinkovics, Annamaria; Skenderis, Kostas

2003-01-01

We analyze the possibility of constructing a supersymmetric invariant that contains the R 4 term among its components as a superpotential term in type IIB on-shell superspace. We consider a scalar superpotential, i.e. an arbitrary holomorphic function of a chiral scalar superfield. In general, type IIB superspace does not allow for the existence of chiral superfields, but the obstruction vanishes for a specific superfield, the dilaton superfield. This superfield contains all fields of type IIB supergravity among its components, and its existence is implied by the solution of the Bianchi identities. The construction requires the existence of an appropriate chiral measure, and we find an obstruction to the existence of such a measure. The obstruction is closely related to the obstruction for the existence of chiral superfields and is non-linear in the fields. These results imply that the type IIB superinvariant related to the R 4 term is not associated with a scalar chiral superpotential

Classical solutions and extended supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

de Alfaro, V.; Fubini, S.; Furlan, G.

1980-03-01

The existence and properties of classical solutions for gravity coupled to matter fields have been investigated previously with the limitation to conformally flat solutions. In the search for a guiding criterion to determine the form of the coupling among the fields, one is led to consider supersymmetric theories, and the question arises whether classical solutions persist in these models. It is found that a discrepancy persists between supergravity and standard meron solutions. Owing to the appearance of the scalar field, a new set of meron solutions exists for particular Lagrangian models. In conclusion, the form of solutions in Minkowski space is discussed
Observations on BI from N=2 supergravity and the general Ward identity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrianopoli, Laura [DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Torino,Torino (Italy); Concha, Patrick [DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Torino,Torino (Italy); Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción (Chile); D’Auria, Riccardo [DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Torino,Torino (Italy); Rodriguez, Evelyn [DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Torino,Torino (Italy); Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción (Chile); Trigiante, Mario [DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Torino,Torino (Italy)

2015-11-09

The multi-vector generalization of a rigid, partially-broken N=2 supersymmetric theory is presented as a rigid limit of a suitable gauged N=2 supergravity with electric, magnetic charges and antisymmetric tensor fields. This on the one hand generalizes a known result by Ferrara, Girardello and Porrati while on the other hand allows to recover the multi-vector BI models of http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2014)065 from N=2 supergravity as the end-point of a hierarchical limit in which the Planck mass first and then the supersymmetry breaking scale are sent to infinity. We define, in the parent supergravity model, a new symplectic frame in which, in the rigid limit, manifest symplectic invariance is preserved and the electric and magnetic Fayet-Iliopoulos terms are fully originated from the dyonic components of the embedding tensor. The supergravity origin of several features of the resulting rigid supersymmetric theory are then elucidated, such as the presence of a traceless SU(2)- Lie algebra term in the Ward identity and the existence of a central charge in the supersymmetry algebra which manifests itself as a harmless gauge transformation on the gauge vectors of the rigid theory; we show that this effect can be interpreted as a kind of “superspace non-locality” which does not affect the rigid theory on space-time. To set the stage of our analysis we take the opportunity in this paper to provide and prove the relevant identities of the most general dyonic gauging of Special-Kaehler and Quaternionic-Kaehler isometries in a generic N=2 model, which include the supersymmetry Ward identity, in a fully symplectic-covariant formalism.
Synthesis of MnO2-graphene composites with enhanced supercapacitive performance via pulse electrodeposition under supergravity field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Tingting; Shao, Guangjie; Ji, Mingtong; Wang, Guiling

2014-01-01

A method of pulse electrodeposition under supergravity field was proposed to synthesize MnO 2 -graphene composites. Supergravity is very efficient for promoting mass transfer and decreasing concentration polarization during the electrodeposition process. The synthesis was conducted on our homemade supergravity equipment. The strength of supergravity field depended on the rotating speed of the ring electrode. 3D flower like MnO 2 spheres composed of nanoflakes were acquired when the rotating speed was 3000 rpm. Graphene nanosheets play as a role of conductive substrates for MnO 2 growing. The composites are evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Electrochemical results show that the maximum specific capacitance of the MnO 2 -graphene composite is 595.7 F g −1 at a current density of 0.5 A g −1 . In addition, the composite exhibits excellent cycle stability with no capacitance attenuation after 1000 cycles. The approach provides new ideas for developing supercapacitor electrode materials with high performance. - Graphical abstract: 3D flower like MnO 2 spheres composed of nanoflakes were acquired at 3000 rpm. - Highlights: • MnO 2 -graphene composites were prepared by pulse electrodeposition under supergravity. • 3D flower like MnO 2 spheres are anchored on the graphene nanosheets. • The MnO 2 -graphene electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 595.7 F g −1
Strong coupling effects in non-commutative spaces from OM theory and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russo, J.G.; Sheikh-Jabbari, M.M.

2000-11-01

We show that a four-parameter class of 3+1 dimensional NCOS theories can be obtained by dimensional reduction on a general 2-torus from OM theory. Compactifying two spatial directions of NCOS theory on a 2-torus, we study the transformation properties under the SO(2,2; Z) T-duality group. We then discuss non-perturbative configurations of non-commutative super Yang-Mills theory. In particular, we calculate the tension for magnetic monopoles and (p,q) dyons and exhibit their six-dimensional origin, and construct a supergravity solution representing an instanton in the gauge theory. We also compute the potential for a monopole-antimonopole in the supergravity approximation. (author)
On gauged maximal d = 8 supergravities

Science.gov (United States)

Lasso Andino, Óscar; Ortín, Tomás

2018-04-01

We study the gauging of maximal d = 8 supergravity using the embedding tensor formalism. We focus on SO(3) gaugings, study all the possible choices of gauge fields and construct explicitly the bosonic actions (including the complicated Chern–Simons terms) for all these choices, which are parametrized by a parameter associated to the 8-dimensional SL(2, {R}) duality group that relates all the possible choices which are, ultimately, equivalent from the purely 8-dimensional point of view. Our result proves that the theory constructed by Salam and Sezgin by Scherk–Schwarz compactification of d = 11 supergravity and the theory constructed in Alonso-Alberca (2001 Nucl. Phys. B 602 329) by dimensional reduction of the so called ‘massive 11-dimensional supergravity’ proposed by Meessen and Ortín in (1999 Nucl. Phys. B 541 195) are indeed related by an SL(2, {R}) duality even though they have two completely different 11-dimensional origins.
Cochlear Implantation in Patients With Usher Syndrome Type IIa Increases Performance and Quality of Life.

Science.gov (United States)

Hartel, Bas P; van Nierop, Josephine W I; Huinck, Wendy J; Rotteveel, Liselotte J C; Mylanus, Emmanuel A M; Snik, Ad F; Kunst, Henricus P M; Pennings, Ronald J E

2017-07-01

Usher syndrome type IIa (USH2a) is characterized by congenital moderate to severe hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa. Hearing rehabilitation starts in early childhood with the application of hearing aids. In some patients with USH2a, severe progression of hearing impairment leads to insufficient speech intelligibility with hearing aids and issues with adequate communication and safety. Cochlear implantation (CI) is the next step in rehabilitation of such patients. This study evaluates the performance and benefit of CI in patients with USH2a. Retrospective case-control study to evaluate the performance and benefit of CI in 16 postlingually deaf adults (eight patients with USH2a and eight matched controls). Performance and benefit were evaluated by a speech intelligibility test and three quality-of-life questionnaires. Patients with USH2a with a mean age of 59 years at implantation exhibited good performance after CI. The phoneme scores improved significantly from 41 to 87% in patients with USH2a (p = 0.02) and from 30 to 86% in the control group (p = 0.001). The results of the questionnaire survey demonstrated a clear benefit from CI. There were no differences in performance or benefit between patients with USH2a and control patients before and after CI. CI increases speech intelligibility and improves quality of life in patients with USH2a.
Black string first order flow in N=2, d=5 abelian gauged supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klemm, Dietmar; Petri, Nicolò; Rabbiosi, Marco [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano andINFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano (Italy)

2017-01-25

We derive both BPS and non-BPS first-order flow equations for magnetically charged black strings in five-dimensional N=2 abelian gauged supergravity, using the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. This is first done for the coupling to vector multiplets only and U(1) Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) gauging, and then generalized to the case where also hypermultiplets are present, and abelian symmetries of the quaternionic hyperscalar target space are gauged. We then use these results to derive the attractor equations for near-horizon geometries of extremal black strings, and solve them explicitely for the case where the constants appearing in the Chern-Simons term of the supergravity action satisfy an adjoint identity. This allows to compute in generality the central charge of the two-dimensional conformal field theory that describes the black strings in the infrared, in terms of the magnetic charges, the CY intersection numbers and the FI constants. Finally, we extend the r-map to gauged supergravity and use it to relate our flow equations to those in four dimensions.
Point of care testing of phospholipase A2 group IIA for serological diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Nathan J.; Chapman, Robert; Lin, Yiyang; Mmesi, Jonas; Bentham, Andrew; Tyreman, Matthew; Abraham, Sonya; Stevens, Molly M.

2016-02-01

Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) was examined as a point of care marker for determining disease activity in rheumatoid (RA) and psoriatic (PsA) arthritis. Serum concentration and activity of sPLA2-IIA were measured using in-house antibodies and a novel point of care lateral flow device assay in patients diagnosed with varying severities of RA (n = 30) and PsA (n = 25) and found to correlate strongly with C-reactive protein (CRP). Levels of all markers were elevated in patients with active RA over those with inactive RA as well as both active and inactive PsA, indicating that sPLA2-IIA can be used as an analogue to CRP for RA diagnosis at point of care.Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) was examined as a point of care marker for determining disease activity in rheumatoid (RA) and psoriatic (PsA) arthritis. Serum concentration and activity of sPLA2-IIA were measured using in-house antibodies and a novel point of care lateral flow device assay in patients diagnosed with varying severities of RA (n = 30) and PsA (n = 25) and found to correlate strongly with C-reactive protein (CRP). Levels of all markers were elevated in patients with active RA over those with inactive RA as well as both active and inactive PsA, indicating that sPLA2-IIA can be used as an analogue to CRP for RA diagnosis at point of care. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08423g
Relating double field theory to the scalar potential of N=2 gauged supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blumenhagen, Ralph [Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, München, 80805 (Germany); Font, Anamaria [Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, München, 80805 (Germany); Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, LMU,Theresienstr. 37, München, 80333 (Germany); Plauschinn, Erik [Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, LMU,Theresienstr. 37, München, 80333 (Germany)

2015-12-18

The double field theory action in the flux formulation is dimensionally reduced on a Calabi-Yau three-fold equipped with non-vanishing type IIB geometric and non-geometric fluxes. First, we rewrite the metric-dependent reduced DFT action in terms of quantities that can be evaluated without explicitly knowing the metric on the Calabi-Yau manifold. Second, using properties of special geometry we obtain the scalar potential of N=2 gauged supergravity. After an orientifold projection, this potential is consistent with the scalar potential arising from the flux-induced superpotential, plus an additional D-term contribution.
On the topology of the inflaton field in minimal supergravity models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferrara, Sergio [Physics Department, Theory Unit, CERN,CH 1211, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati,Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044, Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 (United States); Fré, Pietro [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, INFN - Sezione di Torino,via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino (Italy); Sorin, Alexander S. [Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics,and Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,141980 Dubna, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)

2014-04-14

We consider global issues in minimal supergravity models where a single field inflaton potential emerges. In a particular case we reproduce the Starobinsky model and its description dual to a certain formulation of R+R{sup 2} supergravity. For definiteness we confine our analysis to spaces at constant curvature, either vanishing or negative. Five distinct models arise, two flat models with respectively a quadratic and a quartic potential and three based on the ((SU(1,1))/(U(1))) space where its distinct isometries, elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic are gauged. Fayet-Iliopoulos terms are introduced in a geometric way and they turn out to be a crucial ingredient in order to describe the de Sitter inflationary phase of the Starobinsky model.
AMPK Signaling Involvement for the Repression of the IL-1β-Induced Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 Expression in VSMCs.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khadija El Hadri

Full Text Available Secretory Phospholipase A2 of type IIA (sPLA2 IIA plays a crucial role in the production of lipid mediators by amplifying the neointimal inflammatory context of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs, especially during atherogenesis. Phenformin, a biguanide family member, by its anti-inflammatory properties presents potential for promoting beneficial effects upon vascular cells, however its impact upon the IL-1β-induced sPLA2 gene expression has not been deeply investigated so far. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between phenformin coupling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK function and the molecular mechanism by which the sPLA2 IIA expression was modulated in VSMCs. Here we find that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleotide (AICAR treatment strongly repressed IL-1β-induced sPLA2 expression at least at the transcriptional level. Our study reveals that phenformin elicited a dose-dependent inhibition of the sPLA2 IIA expression and transient overexpression experiments of constitutively active AMPK demonstrate clearly that AMPK signaling is involved in the transcriptional inhibition of sPLA2-IIA gene expression. Furthermore, although the expression of the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma-6 protein (BCL-6 was markedly enhanced by phenformin and AICAR, the repression of sPLA2 gene occurs through a mechanism independent of BCL-6 DNA binding site. In addition we show that activation of AMPK limits IL-1β-induced NF-κB pathway activation. Our results indicate that BCL-6, once activated by AMPK, functions as a competitor of the IL-1β induced NF-κB transcription complex. Our findings provide insights on a new anti-inflammatory pathway linking phenformin, AMPK and molecular control of sPLA2 IIA gene expression in VSMCs.
Overexpressed human metallothionein IIA gene protects Chinese hamster ovary cells from killing by alkylating agents.

OpenAIRE

Kaina, B; Lohrer, H; Karin, M; Herrlich, P

1990-01-01

Experiments were designed to detect survival advantages that cells gain by overexpressing metallothionein (MT). Chinese hamster ovary K1-2 cells and an x-ray-sensitive derivative were transfected with a bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-linked construct carrying the human metallothionein IIA (hMT-IIA) gene. Transfectants survived 40-fold higher levels of cadmium chloride, harbored at least 30 copies of hMT-IIA, and contained 25- to 166-fold more MT than the parent cells. Even under conditions of re...
Inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylase activity by gallic acid, sulforaphane, TMP269, and panobinostat.

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Sin Young; Kee, Hae Jin; Jin, Li; Ryu, Yuhee; Sun, Simei; Kim, Gwi Ran; Jeong, Myung Ho

2018-05-01

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are gaining increasing attention as potential therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. We recently reported that the class II HDAC inhibitor, MC1568, and the phytochemical, gallic acid, lowered high blood pressure in mouse models of hypertension. We hypothesized that class II HDACs may be involved in the regulation of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effects of well-known HDAC inhibitors (TMP269, panobinostat, and MC1568), phytochemicals (gallic acid, sulforaphane, and piceatannol), and anti-hypertensive drugs (losartan, carvedilol, and furosemide) on activities of class IIa HDACs (HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9). The selective class IIa HDAC inhibitor, TMP269, and the pan-HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat, but not MC1568, clearly inhibited class IIa HDAC activities. Among the three phytochemicals, gallic acid showed remarkable inhibition, whereas sulforaphane presented mild inhibition of class IIa HDACs. Piceatannol inhibited only HDAC7 activity. As expected, the anti-hypertensive drugs losartan, carvedilol, and furosemide did not affect the activity of any class IIa HDAC. In addition, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of several compounds on the activity of class l HDACs (HDAC1, 2, 3, and 8) and class IIb HDAC (HDAC6). MC1568 did not affect the activities of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, but it reduced the activity of HDAC8 at concentrations of 1 and 10 μM. Gallic acid weakly inhibited HDAC1 and HDAC6 activities, but strongly inhibited HDAC8 activity with effectiveness comparable to that of trichostatin A. Inhibition of HDAC2 activity by sulforaphane was stronger than that by piceatnnaol. These results indicated that gallic acid is a powerful dietary inhibitor of HDAC8 and class IIa/b HDAC activities. Sulforaphane may also be used as a dietary inhibitor of HDAC2 and class IIa HDAC. Our findings suggest that the class II HDAC inhibitor, MC1568, does not inhibit class IIa HDAC, but inhibits
Grassmann expansion of the classical N=2 supergravity field equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Embacher, F.

1984-01-01

The classical field equations of N=2 supergravity are expanded with respect to an infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra. The general freedom in constructing classical solution is exhibited. As an application, a uniqueness theorem for supersymmetric extreme black holes is given. (Author)
Supersymmetric domain walls

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bergshoeff, Eric A.; Kleinschmidt, Axel; Riccioni, Fabio

2012-01-01

We classify the half-supersymmetric "domain walls," i.e., branes of codimension one, in toroidally compactified IIA/IIB string theory and show to which gauged supergravity theory each of these domain walls belong. We use as input the requirement of supersymmetric Wess-Zumino terms, the properties of
Unlocking the axion-dilaton in 5D supergravity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Raeymaekers, Joris; Van den Bleeken, D.

2014-01-01

Roč. 11, Nov (2014), s. 1-54 ISSN 1029-8479 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA14-31689S Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : supergravity models * d-branes * m-theory * black holes in string theory Subject RIV: BE - Theoretical Physics Impact factor: 6.111, year: 2014 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FJHEP11%282014%29029
The simplest group of Einstein supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ogievetsky, V.I.; Sokatchev, E.S.

1979-01-01

The simplest supergroup of Einstein supergravity is considered. It is the complex supergroup of general coordinate transformations in left- and right-handed chiral conjugated superspaces restricted by the condition of left- and right- supervolume-preservation. The real part of the vector coordinate of the superspace is identified with the space-time coordinate xsup(m) and the imaginary one, with the axial gravitational superfield Hsup(m) (x, theta, anti theta). The transformations of the field components of Hsup(m) are studied in detail. The approach described is the geometrical basis of the so-called ''tensor calculus''
Alkali metals and group IIA metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fenton, D.E.

1987-01-01

This chapter on the coordination complexes of the alkali metals of group IIA starts with a historical perspective of their chemistry, from simple monodentate ligands, metal-β-diketonates to the macrocyclic polyethers which act as ligands to the alkali and akaline earth metals. Other macrocyclic ligands include quarterenes, calixarenes, porphyrins, phthalocyanines and chlorophylls. A section on the naturally occurring ionophores and carboxylic ionophores is included. (UK)
Group-geometric methods in supergravity and superstring theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castellani, L.

1992-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief and pedagogical account of the group-geometric approach to (super)gravity and superstring theories. The authors summarize the main ideas and apply them to selected examples. Group geometry provides a natural and unified formulation of gravity and gauge theories. The invariance of both are interpreted as diffeomorphisms on a suitable group manifold. This geometrical framework has a fruitful output, in that it provides a systematic algorithm for the gauging of Lie algebras and the construction of (super)gravity or (super)string Lagrangians. The basic idea is to associate fundamental fields to the group generators. This is done by considering first a basis of tangent vectors on the group manifold. These vectors close on the same algebra as the abstract group generators. The dual basis, i.e. the vielbeins (cotangent basis of one-forms) is then identified with the set of fundamental fields. Thus, for example, the vielbein V a and the spin connection ω ab of ordinary Einstein-Cartan gravity are seen as the duals of the tangent vectors corresponding to translations and Lorentz rotations, respectively
O' R inflation in F-term supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zheng, Sibo, E-mail: sibozheng.zju@gmail.com

2017-06-15

The supersymmetric realization of inflation in F-term supergravity is usually plagued by the well known “η” problem. In this paper, a broad class of small-field examples is realized by employing general O' Raifeartaigh superpotentials, where the moduli is identified as the massless inflaton. For illustration we present the simplest example in detail, which can be considered as a generalization of hybrid inflation.

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati School 2013: Breaking of Supersymmetry and Ultraviolet Divergences in Extended Supergravity

CERN Document Server

BUDS 2013

2014-01-01

This is the seventh volume in a series on the general topics of supersymmetry, supergravity, black objects (including black holes), and the attractor mechanism. The present volume is based on lectures held in March 2013 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati during the Breaking of supersymmetry and Ultraviolet Divergences in extended Supergravity Workshop (BUDS 2013), organized by Stefano Bellucci, with the participation of prestigious speakers including P. Aschieri, E. Bergshoeff, M. Cederwall, T. Dennen, P. Di Vecchia, S. Ferrara, R. Kallosh, A. Karlsson, M. Koehn, B. Ovrut, A. Van Proeyen, G. Ruppeiner. Special attention is devoted to discussing topics related to the cancellation of ultraviolet divergences in extended supergravity and Born-Infeld-like actions. All talks were followed by extensive discussions and subsequent reworking of the various contributions, a feature which is reflected in the unique "flavor" of this volume.
Eleven-dimensional supergravity from filtered subdeformations of the Poincaré superalgebra

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Figueroa-O’Farrill, José; Santi, Andrea

2016-01-01

We summarise recent results concerning the classification of filtered deformations of graded subalgebras of the Poincaré superalgebra in eleven dimensions, highlighting what could be considered a novel Lie-algebraic derivation of eleven-dimensional supergravity. (paper)
Tribrid Inflation in Supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antusch, Stefan; Dutta, Koushik; Kostka, Philipp M.

2010-01-01

We propose a novel class of F-term hybrid inflation models in supergravity (SUGRA) where the η-problem is resolved using either a Heisenberg symmetry or a shift symmetry of the Kaehler potential. In addition to the inflaton and the waterfall field, this class (referred to as tribrid inflation) contains a third 'driving' field which contributes the large vacuum energy during inflation by its F-term. In contrast to the 'standard' hybrid scenario, it has several attractive features due to the property of vanishing inflationary superpotential (W inf = 0) during inflation. While the symmetries of the Kaehler potential ensure a flat inflaton potential at tree-level, quantum corrections induced by symmetry breaking terms in the superpotential generate a slope of the potential and lead to a spectral tilt consistent with recent WMAP observations.
Brane orbits

CERN Document Server

Bergshoeff, Eric A; Riccioni, Fabio

2012-01-01

We complete the classification of half-supersymmetric branes in toroidally compactified IIA/IIB string theory in terms of representations of the T-duality group. As a by-product we derive a last wrapping rule for the space-filling branes. We find examples of T-duality representations of branes in lower dimensions, suggested by supergravity, of which none of the component branes follow from the reduction of any brane in ten-dimensional IIA/IIB string theory. We discuss the constraints on the charges of half-supersymmetric branes, determining the corresponding T-duality and U-duality orbits.
Is spontaneous breaking of R-parity feasible in minimal low-energy supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gato, B.; Leon, J.; Perez-Mercader, J.; Quiros, M.

1985-01-01

Spontaneous violation of lepton number without breaking Lorentz invariance can, in principle, be incorporated in models with softly broken supersymmetry. We study the situation for minimal low-energy supergravity models coming from a GUT (hence not having hierarchy destabilizing light singlets) and where the SU(2)xU(1) breaking is radiative. It is found that for this type of model, R-parity breaking requires either too heavy a top quark for a realistic superpartner spectrum or too light a superpartner spectrum for a realistic top quark, making the spontaneous violation of lepton number in the third generation incompatible with present experimental data. We do not discard the possibility of having it in a fourth, heavier, generation. (orig.)
Geometric supergravity in D = 11 and its hidden supergroup

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Auria, R.; Fre, P.

1982-01-01

In this paper we address two questions: the geometrical formulation of D=11 supergravity and the derivation of the super Lie algebra it is based on. The solutions of the two problems are intimately related and are obtained via the introduction of the new concept of a Cartan integrable system described in this paper. The previously developed group manifold framework can be naturally extended to a Cartan integrable system manifold approach. Within this scheme we obtain a geometric action for D=11 supergravity based on a suitable Cartan system. This latter turns out to be compact description of a two-element class of supergroups containing besides Lorentz Jsub(ab), translation Psub(a) and ordinary supersymmetry Q, the following extra generators: two- and five-index skew-symmetric tensors Zsub(a1a2)Zsub(a1...a5) and a further spinorial charge Q'. Q' commutes with itself and everyhting else except Jsub(ab). It appears in the commutators of Q with Psub(a),Zsub(a1a2),Zsub(a1...a5). (orig.)
(2, 0) tensor multiplets and conformal supergravity in D = 6

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bergshoeff, Eric; Sezgin, Ergin; Proeyen, Antoine Van

1999-01-01

We construct the supercurrent multiplet that contains the energyâ€“momentum tensor of the (2, 0) tensor multiplet. By coupling this multiplet of currents to the fields of conformal supergravity, we first construct the linearized superconformal transformations rules of the (2, 0) Weyl multiplet.
Domain walls of gauged supergravity, M-branes and algebraic curves

CERN Document Server

Bakas, I.; Sfetsos, K.

1999-01-01

We provide an algebraic classification of all supersymmetric domain wall solutions of maximal gauged supergravity in four and seven dimensions, in the presence of non-trivial scalar fields in the coset SL(8,R)/SO(8) and SL(5,R)/SO(5) respectively. These solutions satisfy first-order equations, which can be obtained using the method of Bogomol'nyi. From an eleven-dimensional point of view they correspond to various continuous distributions of M2- and M5-branes. The Christoffel-Schwarz transformation and the uniformization of the associated algebraic curves are used in order to determine the Schrodinger potential for the scalar and graviton fluctuations on the corresponding backgrounds. In many cases we explicitly solve the Schrodinger problem by employing techniques of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The analysis is parallel to the construction of domain walls of five-dimensional gauged supergravity, with scalar fields in the coset SL(6,R)/SO(6), using algebraic curves or continuous distributions of D3-brane...
Chaotic inflation in supergravity after Planck and BICEP2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei

2014-05-01

We discuss the general structure and observational consequences of some of the simplest versions of chaotic inflation in supergravity in relation to the data by Planck 2013 and BICEP2. We show that minimal modifications to the simplest quadratic potential are sufficient to provide a controllable tensor mode signal and a suppression of CMB power at large angular scales.
The superspace-translation tensor and linearized N = 1 supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bedding, S.P.; Lang, W.

1982-01-01

The recently proposed superspace-translation tensor is considered as the source of supergravities in the context of N = 1 supersymmetry. It is shown how the structure of this tensor leads to a complete evaluation of the linearized supervielbein in terms of unconstrained prepotentials with derived transformation laws. Connection with formulations using torsion constraints is made. (orig.)
Hydroxyurea with Radiation Therapy of the Carcinoma of the Cervix IIA, IIB

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jin Hee; Youn, Seon Min; Kim, Ok Bae [Keimyung University College of Medicine, Taegu (Korea, Republic of)

1995-12-15

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of hydroxyurea with radiation in carcinoma of the cervix, huge exophytic or endophytic stage IIa and Iib. Materials and Methods : Sixty four patients with carcinoma of the cervix stage IIA(29 patients) with exophytic({>=}3cm in diameter) or huge endophytic mass and IIB(35 patients) treated with radiation and hydroxyurea at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University, School of Medicine from Aug, 1989 to May, 1991. The maximum and mean follow up durations were 68 and 57 months respectively. The radiation therapy consisted of external irradiation to the whole pelvis(3600-5400cGy) shield (4X10 cm), and combined with intracavitary irradiation (3000-3500cGy to point A). Hydroxyurea was to be taken in a single oral dose of 1.0gm/day during radiation therapy. Results : The control rate was 89.1%. The actuarial overall five year survival rate was 78.8% for stage IIA and 72.8% for stage IIB. The overall recurrence rate was 25%(16/64). Twenty-three percent of the patients developed or greater thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 or greater GI, GU complication and anemia were not noted. There was no treatment related death noted. Conclusion : We considered that hydroxyurea and radiation therapy may improve survival rate in huge exophytic and endophytic stage IIa cervical carcinoma with acceptible morbidity.
Hydroxyurea with Radiation Therapy of the Carcinoma of the Cervix IIA, IIB

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jin Hee; Youn, Seon Min; Kim, Ok Bae

1995-01-01

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of hydroxyurea with radiation in carcinoma of the cervix, huge exophytic or endophytic stage IIa and Iib. Materials and Methods : Sixty four patients with carcinoma of the cervix stage IIA(29 patients) with exophytic(≥3cm in diameter) or huge endophytic mass and IIB(35 patients) treated with radiation and hydroxyurea at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University, School of Medicine from Aug, 1989 to May, 1991. The maximum and mean follow up durations were 68 and 57 months respectively. The radiation therapy consisted of external irradiation to the whole pelvis(3600-5400cGy) shield (4X10 cm), and combined with intracavitary irradiation (3000-3500cGy to point A). Hydroxyurea was to be taken in a single oral dose of 1.0gm/day during radiation therapy. Results : The control rate was 89.1%. The actuarial overall five year survival rate was 78.8% for stage IIA and 72.8% for stage IIB. The overall recurrence rate was 25%(16/64). Twenty-three percent of the patients developed or greater thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 or greater GI, GU complication and anemia were not noted. There was no treatment related death noted. Conclusion : We considered that hydroxyurea and radiation therapy may improve survival rate in huge exophytic and endophytic stage IIa cervical carcinoma with acceptible morbidity
Top-down approach to unified supergravity models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hempfling, R.

1994-03-01

We introduce a new approach for studying unified supergravity models. In this approach all the parameters of the grand unified theory (GUT) are fixed by imposing the corresponding number of low energy observables. This determines the remaining particle spectrum whose dependence on the low energy observables can now be investigated. We also include some SUSY threshold corrections that have previously been neglected. In particular the SUSY threshold corrections to the fermion masses can have a significant impact on the Yukawa coupling unification. (orig.)
Gauged N=8 d=5 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pernici, M.; Pilch, K.; Van Nieuwenhuizen, P.

1985-01-01

The complete gauged nonlinear N=8 d=5 supergravity action and supersymmetry transformation laws (without four- and three-fermion terms) are presented. They are obtained from the ungauged model by reinterpreting part of the field strengths of the abelian vector fields as real self-dual second-rank antisymmetric tensors. The complete set of T-tensor indentities are given and their validity is checked numerically. The model has a local Yang-Mills SO(6) and a local composite USp(8) symmetry. The self-duality is essential for the consistent coupling of the antisymmetric tensors to the nonabelian gauge fields. (orig.)
Ultraviolet finiteness of N = 8 supergravity, spontaneously broken by dimensional reduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sezgin, E.; Nieuwenhuizen, P. van

1982-06-01

The one-loop corrections to scalar-scalar scattering in N = 8 supergravity with 4 masses from dimensional reduction, are finite. We discuss various mechanisms that cancel the cosmological constant and infra-red divergences due to finite but non-vanishing tadpoles. (author)
The SU(3)xU(1) invariant breaking of gauged N=8 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nicolai, H.; Warner, N.P.

1985-01-01

The SU(3) x U(1) invariant stationary point of N=8 supergravity is described in some detail. This vacuum has N=2 supersymmetry, and it is shown how the fields of N=8 supergravity may be collected into multiplets of SU(3) x Osp(2, 4). A new kind of shortened massive multiplet is described, and the multiplet shortening conditions for this and other multiplets are used to determine, by the use of group theory alone, the masses of many of the fields in the vacuum. The remaining masses are determined by explicit calculation. The critical point realizes Gell-Mann's scheme for relating the spin-1/2 fermions of the theory to the observed quarks and leptons. (orig.)
Type IIB supergravity solution for the T-dual of the η-deformed AdS_5×S"5 superstring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoare, B.; Tseytlin, A.A.

2015-01-01

We find an exact type IIB supergravity solution that represents a one-parameter deformation of the T-dual of the AdS_5×S"5 background (with T-duality applied in all 6 abelian bosonic isometric directions). The non-trivial fields are the metric, dilaton and RR 5-form only. The latter has remarkably simple “undeformed” form when written in terms of a “deformation-rotated” vielbein basis. An unusual feature of this solution is that the dilaton contains a linear dependence on the isometric coordinates of the metric precluding a straightforward reversal of T-duality. If we still formally dualize back, we find exactly the metric, B-field and product of dilaton with RR field strengths as recently extracted from the η-deformed AdS_5×S"5 superstring action in http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.04239. We also discuss similar solutions for deformed AdS_n×S"n backgrounds with n=2,3. In the η→i limit we demonstrate that all these backgrounds can be interpreted as special limits of gauged WZW models and are also related to (a limit of) the Pohlmeyer-reduced models of the AdS_n×S"n superstrings.
The domain walls of gauged maximal supergravities and their M-theory origin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergshoe, Eric; Nielsen, Mikkel; Roest, Diederik

2004-01-01

We consider gauged maximal supergravities with CSO(p,q,r) gauge groups and their relation to the branes of string and M-theory. The gauge groups are characterised by n mass parameters, where n is the transverse dimension of the brane. We give the scalar potentials and construct the corresponding domain wall solutions. In addition, we show the higher-dimensional origin of the domain walls in terms of (distributions of) branes. We put particular emphasis on the CSO(p,q,r) gauged supergravities in D = 9 and D = 8, which are related to the D7-brane and D6-brane, respectively. In these cases, twisted and group manifold reductions are shown to play a crucial role. We also discuss salient features of the corresponding brane distributions. (author)
On E(11) of M-theory: 1. Hidden Symmetries of Maximal Supergravities and Lego of Dynkin Diagrams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nurmagambetov, A.J.

2007-01-01

We review a graphical way of classifying hidden symmetry algebras and groups of D=11, 10 maximal supergravities in terms of Dynkin diagrams, the shapes of which are determined by the bosonic field content of supergravities supermultiplets. The approach we follow is tightly related to the West's conjecture on a hidden symmetry of M-theory, and we discuss benefits of the approach in compare to other ways of searching for hidden symmetries of String Theory
Supergravity duals of supersymmetric four dimensional gauge theories

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bigazzi, F [Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy); Cotrone, A L [Centre de Physique Theorique, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex (France); [INFN, Rome (Italy); Petrini, M [Centre de Physique Theorique, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France); Zaffaroni, A [Universita di Milano-Bicocca and INFN, Milan (Italy)

2002-03-01

This article contains an overview of some recent attempts of understanding supergravity and string duals of four dimensional gauge theories using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We discuss the general philosophy underlying the various ways to realize Super Yang-Mills theories in terms of systems of branes. We then review some of the existing duals for N=2 and N=1 theories. We also discuss differences and similarities with realistic theories. (author)

New gauged N = 8, D = 4 supergravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hull, C M

2003-01-01

New gaugings of four-dimensional N = 8 supergravity are constructed, including one which has a Minkowski space vacuum that preserves N = 2 supersymmetry and in which the gauge group is broken to SU(3) x U(1) 2 . Previous gaugings used the form of the ungauged action which is invariant under a rigid SL (8,R) symmetry and promoted a 28-dimensional subgroup (SO(8), SO(p, 8 - p) or the non-semi-simple contraction CSO(p, q, 8 - p - q)) to a local gauge group. Here, a dual form of the ungauged action is used which is invariant under SU*(8) instead of SL (8,R) and new theories are obtained by gauging 28-dimensional subgroups of SU*(8). The gauge groups are non-semi-simple and are different real forms of the CSO(2p, 8 - 2p) groups, denoted as CSO*(2p, 8 - 2p), and the new theories have a rigid SU(2) symmetry. The five-dimensional gauged N = 8 supergravities are dimensionally reduced to D = 4. The D = 5, SO(p, 6 - p) gauge theories reduce, after a duality transformation, to the D = 4, CSO(p, 6 - p, 2) gauging while the SO*(6) gauge theory reduces to the D = 4, CSO*(6, 2) gauge theory. The new theories are related to the old ones via an analytic continuation. The non-semi-simple gaugings can be dualized to forms with different gauge groups
Japanese contributions to IAEA INTOR workshop, phase IIA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujisawa, Noboru; Sugihara, Masayoshi; Shimada, Michiya; Saito, Seiji.

1982-11-01

This report corresponds to Chapter VI of Japanese contribution report to IAEA INTOR workshop, Phase IIA. Special emphasis is placed on pumped limiter analysis for comparative studies between limiter and divertor concepts. Pumping characteristics of divertor/limiter and radiation cooling of diverted plasmas by impurities are also intensively studied. (author)
Tanshinone IIA inhibits metastasis after palliative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma and prolongs survival in part via vascular normalization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wang Wen-Quan

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Promotion of endothelial normalization restores tumor oxygenation and obstructs tumor cells invasion, intravasation, and metastasis. We therefore investigated whether a vasoactive drug, tanshinone IIA, could inhibit metastasis by inducing vascular normalization after palliative resection (PR of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC. Methods A liver orthotopic double-tumor xenograft model in nude mouse was established by implantation of HCCLM3 (high metastatic potential and HepG2 tumor cells. After removal of one tumor by PR, the effects of tanshinone IIA administration on metastasis, tumor vascularization, and survival were evaluated. Tube formation was examined in mouse tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs treated with tanshinone IIA. Results PR significantly accelerated residual hepatoma metastases. Tanshinone IIA did not inhibit growth of single-xenotransplanted tumors, but it did reduce the occurrence of metastases. Moreover, it inhibited PR-enhanced metastases and, more importantly, prolonged host survival. Tanshinone IIA alleviated residual tumor hypoxia and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT in vivo; however, it did not downregulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α or reverse EMT of tumor cells under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Tanshinone IIA directly strengthened tube formation of TECs, associated with vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1/platelet derived growth factor receptor (VEGFR1/PDGFR upregulation. Although the microvessel density (MVD of residual tumor tissue increased after PR, the microvessel integrity (MVI was still low. While tanshinone IIA did not inhibit MVD, it did dramatically increase MVI, leading to vascular normalization. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that tanshinone IIA can inhibit the enhanced HCC metastasis associated with PR. Inhibition results from promoting VEGFR1/PDGFR-related vascular normalization. This application demonstrates the potential clinical
The electric dipole moment of the neutron in low energy supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polchinski, J.; Wise, M.B.

1983-01-01

We compute the electric dipole moment of the neutron in models with low energy supergravity or softly broken supersymmetry. The electric dipole moment is typically of order 10sup(-(22-23))e cm times CP-violating phases. We discuss the origin of these phases. (orig.)
BPS-kink and more global solutions of the Chern-Simons (super)gravity term

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grumiller, D.

2004-01-01

We study the supersymmetry of the Kaluza-Klein reduced gravitational Chern-Simons term in two dimensions and propose supergravity transformations that allow for some supersymmetry of the kink solution. (author)
Inflaton decay in supergravity and gravitino problem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takahashi, F.

2007-09-01

We have recently shown that, if the inflaton has a nonzero vacuum expectation value, it generically couples to any matter fields that appear in the superpotential at the tree level, and to any gauge sectors through anomalies in the supergravity. Through these processes, the inflaton decays into the supersymmetry breaking sector, producing many gravitinos. The inflaton also directly decays into a pair of the gravitinos. Taking account of these processes, we derive constraints on both inflation models and supersymmetry breaking scenarios for avoiding overproduction of the gravitinos. (orig.)
The axion mass in modular invariant supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butter, Daniel; Gaillard, Mary K.

2005-01-01

When supersymmetry is broken by condensates with a single condensing gauge group, there is a nonanomalous R-symmetry that prevents the universal axion from acquiring a mass. It has been argued that, in the context of supergravity, higher dimension operators will break this symmetry and may generate an axion mass too large to allow the identification of the universal axion with the QCD axion. We show that such contributions to the axion mass are highly suppressed in a class of models where the effective Lagrangian for gaugino and matter condensation respects modular invariance (T-duality)
Black-Hole Attractors in N=1 Supergravity

CERN Document Server

Andrianopoli, L; Ferrara, Sergio; Trigiante, M; Andrianopoli, Laura; Auria, Riccardo D'; Ferrara, Sergio; Trigiante, Mario

2007-01-01

We study the attractor mechanism for N=1 supergravity coupled to vector and chiral multiplets and compute the attractor equations of these theories. These equations may have solutions depending on the choice of the holomorphic symmetric matrix f_{\\Lambda\\Sigma} which appears in the kinetic lagrangian of the vector sector. Models with non trivial electric-magnetic duality group which have or have not attractor behavior are exhibited. For a particular class of models, based on an N=1 reduction of homogeneous special geometries, the attractor equations are related to the theory of pure spinors.
Relation between linear and nonlinear N=3,4 supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sevrin, A.; Thielemans, K.; Troost, W.

1993-01-01

The effective actions for d=2, N=3,4 chiral supergravities with a linear and a nonlinear gauge algebra are related to each other by a quantum reduction; the latter is obtained from the former by putting quantum currents equal to zero. This implies that the renormalization factors for the quantum actions are identical
Black holes and groups of type 7

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Supergravity; groups of type 7; black holes; quantum ﬁeld theory. ... representation are reviewed, along with a connection between special Kähler geometry and a 'generalization' of groups of type 7. ... Pramana – Journal of Physics | News.
On the worldsheet theory of the type IIA {text{Ad}}{{text{S}}_4} × mathbb{C}{mathbb{P}_3} superstring

Science.gov (United States)

Sundin, Per

2010-04-01

We perform a detailed study of the type IIA superstring in {text{Ad}}{{text{S}}_4} × mathbb{C}{mathbb{P}_3} . After introducing suitable bosonic light-cone and fermionic kappa worldsheet gauges we derive the pure boson and fermion SU(2|2)×U(1) covariant light-cone Hamiltonian up to quartic order in fields. As a first application of our derivation we calculate energy shifts for string configurations in a closed fermionic subsector and successfully match these with a set of light-cone Bethe equations. We then turn to investigate the mismatch between the degrees of freedom of scattering states and oscillatory string modes. Since only light string modes appear as fundamental Bethe roots in the scattering theory, the physical role of the remaining 4 F + 4 B massive oscillators is rather unclear. By continuing a line of research initiated by Zarembo, we shed light on this question by calculating quantum corrections for the propagators of the bosonic massive fields. We show that, once loop corrections are incorporated, the massive coordinates dissolve in a continuum state of two light particles.
Null half-supersymmetric solutions in five-dimensional supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grover, Jai; Gutowski, Jan B.; Sabra, Wafic

2008-01-01

We classify half-supersymmetric solutions of gauged N = 2, D = 5 supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of abelian vector multiplets for which all of the Killing spinors generate null Killing vectors. We show that there are four classes of solutions, and in each class we find the metric, scalars and gauge field strengths. When the scalar manifold is symmetric, the solutions correspond to a class of local near horizon geometries recently found by Kunduri and Lucietti.
Ward identities of local supersymmetry and spontaneous breaking of extended supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cecotti, S.; Girardello, L.; Porrati, M.

1985-01-01

It is a general agreement that any extended supergravity theory, in order to lead to a viable model with acceptable phenomenological implications, should admit spontaneous breaking to N = 1 local supersymmetry in a Minkowski background. It is then important to understand the possible patterns of partial breaking of extended local supersymmetry. These patterns strongly depend on the theory being formulated directly in 4-D or in higher-D. In general, the higher-D theories lead to partial breaking in 4-D anti-de Sitter spaces. Examples are known with partial breaking in flat space. They result respectively from a generalized dimensional reduction of the N = 1 theory in 11-D or from the spontaneous compactification of the 10-D low-energy theory from the superstring theory and of a 6-D Maxwell-Einstein supergravity model. We will comment later on this example. In this paper we will discuss some considerations which apply to theories formulated in 4-D
Annecy meeting on supersymmetry and supergravity at LAPP, Jannary 10-12, 1983

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sorba, P.; Stora, R.

1983-01-01

A collection of brief summaries of the talks delivered during the meeting is presented. This gives a good idea of what is going on. The contributions have been gathered under four titles: supersymmetry, supersymmetric guts, phenomenology of supersymmetry, supergravity
Regge limit of R-current correlators in AdS supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Kotanski, J.; Mischler, A.M.; Schomerus, V.

2009-08-01

Four-point functions of R-currents are discussed within Anti-de Sitter supergravity. In particular, we compute Witten diagrams with graviton and gauge boson exchange in the high energy Regge limit. Assuming validity of the AdS/CFT correspondence, our results apply to R-current four-point functions of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. (orig.)
Japanese contributions to IAEA INTOR workshop, phase IIA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tone, Tatsuzo; Shiraishi, Kensuke; Watanabe, Hitoshi

1982-11-01

This report describes the engineering testing to be carried out in INTOR, which has been presented for discussions of Group C in the Phase IIA of the INTOR Workshop. Structural material testing, blanket testing and long-term operation are covered. A design of test modules to be installed in the INTOR is proposed. (author)
The potentials of the gauged N=8 supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hull, C.M.

1985-01-01

The potentials of the SO(p,q) gaugings of N=8 supergravity are investigated for critical points. The SO(7,1) gauging has no G 2 -invariant critical points, the SO(6,2) theory has no SU(3) invariant critical points and the SO(5,3) gauging has only one SO(5)-invariant critical point, with positive cosmological constant, SO(5) x SO(3) symmetry and no supersymmetry. (orig.)
30 CFR 57.22208 - Auxiliary fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Auxiliary fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines... fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines). (a) Auxiliary fans, except fans used in shops and other areas... applicable requirements of 30 CFR part 18, and be operated so that recirculation is minimized. Auxiliary fans...
Japanese contributions to IAEA INTOR workshop, phase IIA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyamoto, Kenro; Sugihara, Masayoshi; Kimura, Haruyuki

1982-11-01

This report corresponds to Chapter V of Japanese contribution report to IAEA INTOR workshop, Phase IIA. Physics studies for radio frequency heating are concentrated on heating to ignition by means of ion cyclotron and lower hybrid ranges of frequencies, and discharge start-up assist and current drive by lower hybrid range. Their system design studies are also performed. (author)
New techniques for classic and quantum investigations on supersymmetry and supergravity theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, F.A.B.R. de.

1986-01-01

Aspects on supersymmetry and supergravity are studied. The superfield Feynman rules are obtained, where global supersymmetry is spontaneously broken by F-terms. The complete superspace dependence of superpropagators is factored out, which are used to discuss corrections for the effective action and the non-renormalization theorems. The external gauge superfield coupling, taking in account the finite matter contributions to the gauging mass and the Fayet-Illiopoulos term, is discussed. By considering, the arbitrary globally supersymmetric Abelian gauge theory, the most general shifts on the matter and gauge superfields are carried out. The superpropagators are derived and used to discuss the structure of the terms generated into the effective action. An algorithm to obtain the minimal set of auxiliary field for the femionic of supergravity theories. Explicit examples are shown as illustrations and the N=1, N=10, studied in detail. (M.C.K.) [pt

Sneutrino driven GUT inflation in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalo, Tomás E.; Heurtier, Lucien; Moursy, Ahmad

2017-01-01

In this paper, we embed the model of flipped GUT sneutrino inflation — in a flipped SU(5) or SO(10) set up — developed by Ellis et al. in a supergravity framework. The GUT symmetry is broken by a waterfall which could happen at early or late stage of the inflationary period. The full field dynamics is thus studied in detail and these two main inflationary configurations are exposed, whose cosmological predictions are both in agreement with recent astrophysical measurements. The model has an interesting feature where the inflaton has natural decay channels to the MSSM particles allowed by the GUT gauge symmetry. Hence it can account for the reheating after the inflationary epoch.
Sneutrino driven GUT inflation in supergravity

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalo, Tomás E.; Heurtier, Lucien; Moursy, Ahmad

2017-06-01

In this paper, we embed the model of flipped GUT sneutrino inflation — in a flipped SU(5) or SO(10) set up — developed by Ellis et al. in a supergravity framework. The GUT symmetry is broken by a waterfall which could happen at early or late stage of the inflationary period. The full field dynamics is thus studied in detail and these two main inflationary configurations are exposed, whose cosmological predictions are both in agreement with recent astrophysical measurements. The model has an interesting feature where the inflaton has natural decay channels to the MSSM particles allowed by the GUT gauge symmetry. Hence it can account for the reheating after the inflationary epoch.
Residual supersymmetry of compactified d = 10 supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wit, B. de; Smit, D.J.; Hari Dass, N.D.

1986-05-01

The conditions for residual supersymmetry in compactified ten-dimensional supergravity theories are investigated, including the effect of a non-constant 'warp factor'. The analysis is based on on-shell transformation laws which implies that certain linear combinations of classical field equations must be satisfied. The conditions for superysymmetry are, in general, not very restrictive. When, in addition, one assumes the validity of Bianchi identities, two independent contractions of the Einstein equation are implied. These equations exclude d=4 de Sitter space; for compactifications to d=4 Minkowski space they only allow purely metric Ricci-flat field configurations with constant warp factor. (Auth.)
On the hidden maxwell superalgebra underlying D = 4 supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Penafiel, D.M. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Concepcion (Chile); DISAT, Politecnico di Torino (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino (Italy); Ravera, L. [DISAT, Politecnico di Torino (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino (Italy)

2017-09-15

In this work, we expand the hidden AdS-Lorentz superalgebra underlying D = 4 supergravity, reaching a (hidden) Maxwell superalgebra. The latter can be viewed as an extension involving cosmological constant of the superalgebra underlying D = 4 supergravity in flat spacetime. We write the Maurer-Cartan equations in this context and we find some interesting extensions of the antisymmetric 3-form A{sup (3)} appearing in the Free Differential Algebra in Minkowski space. The structure of Free Differential Algebras is obtained by considering the zero curvature equations. We write the parametrization of A{sup (3)} in terms of 1-forms and we rend the topological features of its extensions manifest. We interestingly find out that the structure of these extensions, and consequently the structure of the corresponding boundary contribution dA{sup (3)}, strongly depends on the form of the extra fermionic generator appearing in the hidden Maxwell superalgebra. The model we develop in this work is defined in an enlarged superspace with respect to the ordinary one, and the extra bosonic and fermionic 1-forms required for the closure of the hidden Maxwell superalgebra must be considered as physical fields in this enlarged superspace. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The DBI action, higher-derivative supergravity, and flattening inflaton potentials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bielleman, Sjoerd; Ibáñez, Luis E.; Pedro, Francisco G.; Valenzuela, Irene; Wieck, Clemens

2016-01-01

In string theory compactifications it is common to find an effective Lagrangian for the scalar fields with a non-canonical kinetic term. We study the effective action of the scalar position moduli of Type II Dp-branes. In many instances the kinetic terms are in fact modified by a term proportional to the scalar potential itself. This can be linked to the appearance of higher-dimensional supersymmetric operators correcting the Kähler potential. We identify the supersymmetric dimension-eight operators describing the α"′ corrections captured by the D-brane Dirac-Born-Infeld action. Our analysis then allows an embedding of the D-brane moduli effective action into an N=1 supergravity formulation. The effects of the potential-dependent kinetic terms may be very important if one of the scalars is the inflaton, since they lead to a flattening of the scalar potential. We analyze this flattening effect in detail and compute its impact on the CMB observables for single-field inflation with monomial potentials.
Equivalent D = 3 supergravity amplitudes from double copies of three-algebra and two-algebra gauge theories.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Yu-tin; Johansson, Henrik

2013-04-26

We show that three-dimensional supergravity amplitudes can be obtained as double copies of either three-algebra super-Chern-Simons matter theory or two-algebra super-Yang-Mills theory when either theory is organized to display the color-kinematics duality. We prove that only helicity-conserving four-dimensional gravity amplitudes have nonvanishing descendants when reduced to three dimensions, implying the vanishing of odd-multiplicity S-matrix elements, in agreement with Chern-Simons matter theory. We explicitly verify the double-copy correspondence at four and six points for N = 12,10,8 supergravity theories and discuss its validity for all multiplicity.
Chern–Simons–Antoniadis–Savvidy forms and standard supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Izaurieta, F., E-mail: fizaurie@udec.cl; Salgado, P., E-mail: pasalgad@udec.cl; Salgado, S., E-mail: sesalgado@udec.cl

2017-04-10

In the context of the so called the Chern–Simons–Antoniadis–Savvidy (ChSAS) forms, we use the methods for FDA decomposition in 1-forms to construct a four-dimensional ChSAS supergravity action for the Maxwell superalgebra. On the another hand, we use the Extended Cartan Homotopy Formula to find a method that allows the separation of the ChSAS action into bulk and boundary contributions and permits the splitting of the bulk Lagrangian into pieces that reflect the particular subspace structure of the gauge algebra.
A problem of the QCD axion in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Endo, M.; Takahashi, F.; Tokyo Univ.; Yanagida, T.T.; Tokyo Univ.

2007-12-01

We point out that the QCD axion generally couples to all the gauge fields in nature through the Super-Weyl, Kaehler and sigma-model anomalies in supergravity. If supersymmetry is dynamically broken by the hidden-sector gauge interactions, the axion potential receives corrections due to the instanton in the hidden sector. We show that the supersymmetry breaking models are tightly constrained for the Peccei-Quinn mechanism to successfully solve the strong CP problem. In particular, the gravity mediation turns out to be strongly disfavored. (orig.)
R4 terms in supergravities via T -duality constraint

Science.gov (United States)

Razaghian, Hamid; Garousi, Mohammad R.

2018-05-01

It has been speculated in the literature that the effective actions of string theories at any order of α' should be invariant under the Buscher rules plus their higher covariant-derivative corrections. This may be used as a constraint to find effective actions at any order of α', in particular, the metric, the B -field, and the dilaton couplings in supergravities at order α'3 up to an overall factor. For the simple case of zero B -field and diagonal metric in which we have done the calculations explicitly, we have found that the constraint fixes almost all of the seven independent Riemann curvature couplings. There is only one term which is not fixed, because when metric is diagonal, the reduction of two R4 terms becomes identical. The Riemann curvature couplings that the T -duality constraint produces for both type II and heterotic theories are fully consistent with the existing couplings in the literature which have been found by the S-matrix and by the sigma-model approaches.
Lobotomy of flux compactifications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dibitetto, Giuseppe [Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, University of Uppsala,Box 803, SE-751 08 Uppsala (Sweden); Guarino, Adolfo [Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institute for Theoretical Physics,Bern University, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern (Switzerland); Roest, Diederik [Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (Netherlands)

2014-05-15

We provide the dictionary between four-dimensional gauged supergravity and type II compactifications on T{sup 6} with metric and gauge fluxes in the absence of supersymmetry breaking sources, such as branes and orientifold planes. Secondly, we prove that there is a unique isotropic compactification allowing for critical points. It corresponds to a type IIA background given by a product of two 3-tori with SO(3) twists and results in a unique theory (gauging) with a non-semisimple gauge algebra. Besides the known four AdS solutions surviving the orientifold projection to N=4 induced by O6-planes, this theory contains a novel AdS solution that requires non-trivial orientifold-odd fluxes, hence being a genuine critical point of the N=8 theory.
Dualities in D=5, N=2 supergravity, black hole entropy, and AdS central charges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klemm, D.

2001-01-01

The issue of microstate counting for general black holes in D=5, N=2 supergravity coupled to vector multiplets is discussed from various viewpoints. The statistical entropy is computed for the near-extremal case by using the central charge appearing in the asymptotic symmetry algebra of AdS 2 . Furthermore, we show that the considered supergravity theory enjoys a duality invariance which connects electrically charged black holes and magnetically charged black strings. The near-horizon geometry of the latter turns out to be AdS 3 x S 2 , which allows a microscopic calculation of their entropy using the Brown-Hennaux central charges in Cardy's formula. In both approaches we find perfect agreement between statistical and thermodynamical entropy. (orig.)
Fermion loops in the effective potential of N = 1 supergravity, with application to no-scale models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burton, J.W.

1990-01-01

Powerful and quite general arguments suggest that N = 1 supergravity, and in particular the superstring-inspired no-scale models, may describe the physics of the four-dimensional vacuum at energy densities below the Planck scale. These models are not renormalizable, since they arise as effective theories after the large masses have been integrated out of the fundamental theory; thus, they have divergences in their loop amplitudes that must be regulated by imposing a cutoff. Before physics at experimental energies can be extracted from these models, the true vacuum state or states must be identified: at tree level, the ground states of the effective theories are highly degenerate. Radiative corrections at the one-loop level have been shown to break the degeneracy sufficiently to identify the states of vanishing vacuum energy. As the concluding step in a program to calculate these corrections within a self-consistent cutoff prescription, all fermionic one-loop divergent corrections to the scalar effective potential are evaluated. (The corresponding bosonic contributions have been found elsewhere.) The total effective scalar Lagrange density for N = 1 supergravity is written down, and comments are made about cancellations between the fermionic and bosonic loops. Finally, the result is specialized to a toy no-scale model with a single generation of matter fields, and prospects for eventual phenomenological constraints on theories of this type are briefly discussed. 48 refs
Generation of transgenic corn-derived Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIIA fused with the cholera toxin B subunit as a vaccine candidate

Science.gov (United States)

Shin, Min-Kyoung; Jung, Myung Hwan; Lee, Won-Jung; Choi, Pil Son; Jang, Yong-Suk

2011-01-01

Corn, one of the most important forage crops worldwide, has proven to be a useful expression vehicle due to the availability of established transformation procedures for this well-studied plant. The exotoxin Apx, a major virulence factor, is recognized as a common antigen of Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. In this study, a cholera toxin B (CTB)-ApxIIA#5 fusion protein and full-size ApxIIA expressed in corn seed, as a subunit vaccine candidate, were observed to induce Apx-specific immune responses in mice. These results suggest that transgenic corn-derived ApxIIA and CTB-ApxIIA#5 proteins are potential vaccine candidates against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. PMID:22122907
Rigid supersymmetry from conformal supergravity in five dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pini, Alessandro; Rodriguez-Gomez, Diego; Schmude, Johannes

2015-01-01

We study the rigid limit of 5d conformal supergravity with minimal supersymmetry on Riemannian manifolds. The necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a solution is the existence of a conformal Killing vector. Whenever a certain SU(2) curvature becomes abelian the backgrounds define a transversally holomorphic foliation. Subsequently we turn to the question under which circumstances these backgrounds admit a kinetic Yang-Mills term in the action of a vector multiplet. Here we find that the conformal Killing vector has to be Killing. We supplement the discussion with various appendices.
Supergravity, Non-Conformal Field Theories and Brane-Worlds

CERN Document Server

Gherghetta, Tony; Gherghetta, Tony; Oz, Yaron

2002-01-01

We consider the supergravity dual descriptions of non-conformal super Yang-Mills theories realized on the world-volume of Dp-branes. We use the dual description to compute stress-energy tensor and current correlators. We apply the results to the study of dilatonic brane-worlds described by non-conformal field theories coupled to gravity. We find that brane-worlds based on D4 and D5 branes exhibit a localization of gauge and gravitational fields. We calculate the corrections to the Newton and Coulomb laws in these theories.
Advances in geometry and Lie algebras from supergravity

CERN Document Server

Frè, Pietro Giuseppe

2018-01-01

This book aims to provide an overview of several topics in advanced Differential Geometry and Lie Group Theory, all of them stemming from mathematical problems in supersymmetric physical theories. It presents a mathematical illustration of the main development in geometry and symmetry theory that occurred under the fertilizing influence of supersymmetry/supergravity. The contents are mainly of mathematical nature, but each topic is introduced by historical information and enriched with motivations from high energy physics, which help the reader in getting a deeper comprehension of the subject. .
Gravity mediation in 6d brane-world supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, H.M.

2005-09-01

We consider the gravity-mediated SUSY breaking within the effective theory of six-dimensional brane-world supergravity. We construct the supersymmetric bulk-brane action by Noether method and find the nontrivial moduli coupling of the brane F- and D-terms. We find that the low energy Kaehler potential is not of sequestered form, so gravity mediation may occur at tree level. In moduli stabilization with anomaly effects included, the scalar soft mass squared can be positive at tree level and it can be comparable to the anomaly mediation. (orig.)
A double copy for N=2 supergravity: a linearised tale told on-shell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cardoso, G.L.; Nagy, S.; Nampuri, S.

2016-01-01

We construct the on-shell double copy dictionary for linearised four-dimensional N=2 supergravity coupled to one vector multiplet with a quadratic prepotential. We apply this dictionary to the weak-field approximation of dyonic BPS black holes in this theory.
A double copy for N=2 supergravity: a linearised tale told on-shell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cardoso, G.L.; Nagy, S.; Nampuri, S. [Center for Mathematical Analysis, Geometry and Dynamical Systems, Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa (Portugal)

2016-10-24

We construct the on-shell double copy dictionary for linearised four-dimensional N=2 supergravity coupled to one vector multiplet with a quadratic prepotential. We apply this dictionary to the weak-field approximation of dyonic BPS black holes in this theory.
Class IIa bacteriocin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis V583: The mannose PTS operon mediates global transcriptional responses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Opsata Mona

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The class IIa bacteriocin, pediocin PA-1, has clear potential as food preservative and in the medical field to be used against Gram negative pathogen species as Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes. Resistance towards class IIa bacteriocins appear in laboratory and characterization of these phenotypes is important for their application. To gain insight into bacteriocin resistance we studied mutants of E. faecalis V583 resistant to pediocin PA-1 by use of transcriptomic analyses. Results Mutants of E. faecalis V583 resistant to pediocin PA-1 were isolated, and their gene expression profiles were analyzed and compared to the wild type using whole-genome microarray. Significantly altered transcription was detected from about 200 genes; most of them encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism and transport. Glycolytic genes were down-regulated in the mutants, but most of the genes showing differential expression were up-regulated. The data indicate that the mutants were relieved from glucose repression and putative catabolic responsive elements (cre could be identified in the upstream regions of 70% of the differentially expressed genes. Bacteriocin resistance was caused by reduced expression of the mpt operon encoding the mannose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS, and the same transcriptional changes were seen in a mptD-inactivated mutant. This mutant also had decreased transcription of the whole mpt operon, showing that the PTS is involved in its own transcriptional regulation. Conclusion Our data confirm the important role of mannose PTS in class IIa bacteriocin sensitivity and we demonstrate its importance involving global carbon catabolite control.

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