Judicialização da saúde e a audiência pública convocada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em 2009: o que mudou de lá para cá?

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Gomes,Dalila F.; Souza,Camila Rufino; Silva,Felipe Luiz da; Pôrto,Julianna Alves; Morais,Indyara de Araújo; Ramos,Maíra Catharina; Silva,Everton Nunes da

2014-01-01

Em 2009, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) convocou uma Audiência Pública para discutir a judicialização, quando foram ministradas 51 palestras. Utilizando o método descritivo-analítico, sistematizaram-se os argumentos, visando identificar potenciais medidas para contornar o problema e analisar o que foi feito até então. As políticas públicas possuem algumas falhas ao aplicar, no caso concreto, os princípios do SUS, e a judicialização deve ser vista como um instrumento excepcional, não como re...

La creación del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica en 1949: sus antecedentes y significado en la institucionalidad nacional

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Carolina Mora Chinchilla

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La administración de los procesos electorales en Costa Rica, sufrió desde el siglo XIX, un largo y lento proceso de sucesivas reformas que se analizarán en este trabajo, con el fin de comprender la estructuración de un modelo político-electoral que tiene a la democracia como norte, al menos en su discurso, pero que no la alcanza, en su modalidad electoral, hasta después de 1949, cuando a raíz de la creación del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, se logró finalmente separar, por completo al Poder Ejecutivo de los procesos electorales y se alcanza la pureza del sufragio. Para comprender el desarrollo de un modelo electoral como el costarricense, se hace necesaria la sistematización de las diversas reformas que tomaron muchos años en perfeccionarse, hasta llegar a lo que se tiene en la actualidad, modelo que sigue en constante estudio y transformación. Los resultados de este cambio, serán observados a la luz de los sesenta años del nacimiento del Tribunal, institución emblemática de Costa Rica, después de 1949

Análisis de la comunicación del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones con su público externo a través de redes sociales

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Jazmín Granados Leal

2014-07-01

Full Text Available : El desarrollo de este tema tiene como objetivo analizar la incursión del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en las nuevas tendencias sobre comunicación como las redes sociales, con el fin de llegar a todos sus públicos externos, brindando información relativa a las funciones institucionales que sean de interés para la ciudadanía. La investigación forma parte de un proyecto de tesis de graduación para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Comunicación de Mercadeo. Se muestran los resultados de una encuesta realizada a seguidores del perfil institucional en Facebook y una entrevista a funcionarios de la institución.

Jurisdição Constitucional Brasileira: O Papel dos Princípios Constitucionais na Construção do Direito pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal

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Isabella Karla Lima dos Santos

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho aborda o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal diante da nova realidade da Jurisdição Constitucional brasileira, a qual prioriza uma Interpretação Constitucional mais valorativa, dando destaque aos Princípios, como forma de garantir o exercício dos Direitos Fundamentais previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Como guardião da constituição, o STF tem tido posicionamentos mais concretistas, garantindo o respeito aos Princípios Fundamentais da Ordem Jurídica brasileira, mesmo diante da inercia do Legislativo em exercer a sua função de editar leis integrativas infraconstitucionais para regulamentar normas constitucionais de eficacia limitada, isto e, que precisam de regulamentação para produzir todos os seus efeitos.

Una encrucijada judicial y una reforma legal por hacer: problemas jurídicos de la gestación por sustitución en España. A propósito del auto del Tribunal Supremo de 2 de febrero de 2015

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ANTONIA DURÁN AYAGO

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The Supreme Court has stated in its order of February 2, 2015 why it considers that its judgment of February 2014 which determines that it is not possible to access the Spanish Civil Registry the certificates of birth of two children, sons of Spaniards, born in the United States through surrogacy arrangements on the grounds that are contrary to Spanish international public order, it does not conflict with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in this area, mainly due to the different scope that the prohibition of surrogacy arrangements in France and Spain. El Tribunal Supremo ha precisado en su auto de 2 de febrero de 2015 por qué considera que su sentencia de febrero de 2014, en la que determina que no es posible que accedan al Registro Civil español las actas registrales de nacimiento de dos menores, hijos de españoles, nacidos en Estados Unidos mediante gestación por sustitución por contrariar el orden público internacional español, no se contrapone con la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en esta materia, principalmente por el distinto alcance que tiene la prohibición de la gestación por sustitución en Francia y en España.

Revista de Derecho Electoral del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica: Diez años de aportar a la reflexión sobre democracia y elecciones

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Ileana Aguilar Olivares

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La gestión de conocimiento es una tarea inherente en la función pública. La necesidad de propiciar espacios para la divulgación de ese conocimiento ha llevado a varias instituciones a la creación de publicaciones para su difusión. El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, consciente de dicha necesidad, crea en el año 2006 la Revista de Derecho Electoral en formato digital y de acceso abierto, con el objetivo de propiciar y difundir el conocimiento que día a día se genera en el área de democracia y elecciones. El artículo realiza un repaso por los principales aportes de la Revista durante sus diez años de existencia.

Judicialização da saúde e a audiência pública convocada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em 2009: o que mudou de lá para cá?

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Dalila F. Gomes

Full Text Available Em 2009, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF convocou uma Audiência Pública para discutir a judicialização, quando foram ministradas 51 palestras. Utilizando o método descritivo-analítico, sistematizaram-se os argumentos, visando identificar potenciais medidas para contornar o problema e analisar o que foi feito até então. As políticas públicas possuem algumas falhas ao aplicar, no caso concreto, os princípios do SUS, e a judicialização deve ser vista como um instrumento excepcional, não como regra do sistema. As principais medidas adotadas foram o uso de evidência científica na tomada de decisão do Executivo e do Judiciário e a sustentabilidade do financiamento das aúde. Em ambos os casos, houve avanços significativos.

Responsabilidad civil derivada de la inclusión indebida en un registro de morosos

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Lagunas Reyes, Lucia

2014-01-01

El presente trabajo se aborda con motivo de la reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Civil) núm. 176/2013, de 6 marzo. Avanzando en la línea marcada por sentencias precedentes, el Tribunal Supremo declara que “la inclusión de datos personales en un registro de morosos por una deuda dudosa vulnera el derecho al honor”. La citada sentencia del Tribunal Supremo asume como propia la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo ya consolidada, según la cual la inclusión incorrecta de datos en u...

A decisão judicial no Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil e a aplicação da teoria dos princípios de Robert Alexy : a ponderação como estratégia de argumentação jurídica

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Peixoto, Fabiano Hartmann

2015-01-01

A temática da justificação e da correção das decisões judiciais colocou um interesse ainda maior na compreensão das conexões entre decidir e argumentar. A partir da teoria da argumentação jurídica e da teoria dos direitos fundamentais de Robert Alexy desenvolveram-se a ponderação e o so pesamento, direcionados à contribuição aos que buscam uma forma de racionalidade das opções decisórias. O Supremo Tribunal Federal, em especial, é frequentemente associado à ponderação e a Alexy quando enfrent...

Algunas consideraciones respecto del fallo del tribunal constitucional chileno relativo a la distribución de la “píldora del día después”

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Juan Pablo Beca Frei

2009-01-01

En este artículo damos los fundamentos jurídicos de por qué resulta plenamente legítimo que el Tribunal Constitucional chileno se pronuncie sobre algunos aspectos de las Normas Chilenas sobre Fertilidad, en lo que concierne a la entrega de anticonceptivos de emergencia. En este fallo, el Tribunal Constitucional determinó que las normas contenidas en el Decreto Supremo Nº 48, de 26 de enero de 2007, del Ministerio de Salud son –desde el punto de vista jurídico– incompatibles con nuestras norma...

O princípio da capacidade contributiva na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal The ability to pay principle in the decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court

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Leonel Cesarino Pessôa

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a aplicação do princípio da capacidade contributiva pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. A partir de uma pesquisa realizada no site do tribunal, foram verificadas setenta ocorrências das palavras-chave " capacidade contributiva" nos acórdãos da suprema corte brasileira até novembro de 2008. Para analisar as decisões, partiu-se dos trabalhos de alguns juristas italianos, em especial de Pietro Boria, que procuraram mostrar como, na itália, o princípio da capacidade contributiva foi aplicado tanto na proteção do interesse do contribuinte, como na proteção do interesse do fisco. Os acórdãos foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com o interesse protegido e a matéria envolvida. Concluiu-se que, no Brasil, ainda que, às vezes, o princípio tenha sido utilizado na proteção do interesse do contribuinte, foi quase sempre aplicado para a proteção do interesse do fisco.The objective of this paper is to analyze the application of the 'ability to pay' principle to decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court. In research carried out on the court website, the term 'ability to pay' appeared 70 times in court decisions, until November, 2008. In order to analyze the decisions, I began with texts from Italian jurists, especially Pietro Boria, who sought to demonstrate that the ability to pay principle in Italy is applied both in the protection of taxpayer interests as well as the protection of the state. Decisions were divided into five groups, according to the interest protected and the subject involved. I concluded that, although some times the principle has been applied in the protection of the taxpayer interests, it was almost always applied in the protection of the state interests.

Avaliação do acervo de periódicos da Biblioteca Ministro Victor Nunes Leal, do Supremo Tribunal Federal: relato de experiência da atuação do Grupo de Trabalho “GT-Periódicos”

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Fabiana Oliveira Feitosa

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Relata a experiência da atuação de grupo de trabalho na avaliação da coleção de periódicos da Biblioteca Ministro Victor Nunes Leal do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Apresenta o histórico de crescimento do acervo e como surgiu a necessidade de avaliar a coleção de periódicos levando-se em conta custos, espaço físico e conservação, dentre outros tópicos. Ressalta a adoção de Política de desenvolvimento de coleções para nortear as decisões do Grupo. Conclui sobre a importância do trabalho em equipe, com destaque também para a necessidade de a avaliação de coleções ser um processo contínuo e programado.

Discursos proferidos na audiência pública da saúde no Supremo Tribunal Federal: uma análise à luz da teoria dos sistemas sociais

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Alethele Oliveira SANTOS

2013-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Os tribunais brasileiros estão sendo convocados para julgar sobre direitos prestacionais sociais e sobre a compreensão da obrigatoriedade do Estado de dar-lhes cumprimento por intermédio das políticas públicas. Com o direito social da saúde não é diferente. A esse fenômeno convencionou-se chamar de judicialização das políticas públicas de saúde. Em vista do número excessivo de decisões nas políticas setoriais da saúde, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF, convocou, entre abril e maio de 2009, a Audiência Pública da Saúde. O STF vem adotando esse novo instituto jurídico, como metodologia de oitiva da sociedade para angariar subsídios para suas decisões em temas considerados de repercussão geral e de relevante interesse público. Este artigo apresenta resultado de pesquisa em que se analisaram 33 discursos proferidos na Audiência Pública da Saúde tomando-se como unidade de pesquisa a categoria sobre a importância jurídica e política da audiência e os argumentos fortes e não fortes encontrados nos discursos analisados. ABSTRACT Brazilian courts are being called on to judge fundamental social rights and the understanding of the State’s obligation to fulfill these rights through public policies. With the social right of health is not different. This phenomenon is usually called of judicialization of public health policies. Considering the excessive number of decisions in the health sectoral policies, the Supreme Court (STF, convened a Public Hearing on Health between April and May 2009. The Supreme Court has adopted this new legal institute, as the methodology to hear the society to raise subsidies for their decisions on issues considered of general repercussion and relevant public interest. This paper presents results of a research, which analyzed 33 speeches given at the Public Hearing on Health taking as a research unit the category about the legal and political importance of the Hearing and the strong or weak

A ponderação de direitos fundamentais como critério para o controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas: decisionismo (leia-se ativismo judicial ou juízo fundamentado? uma análise da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal

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Mônia Clarissa Leal

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Em tempos de neoconstitucionalismo, em que os ordenamentos jurídico-constitucionais são marcados por um caráter principiológico, os Tribunais Constitucionais ganham destaque, sendo, contudo, objeto de críticas, pautadas, sobretudo, na ausência de critérios objetivos para a ponderação e na extensão dada à atuação do magistrado, que abriria caminho para o assim chamado “ativismo judicial”. Neste contexto é que se pretende analisar a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro, a fim de verificar-se até que ponto suas decisões observam os elementos da ponderação, constituindo-se em juízos fundamentados, ou se caracterizam como simples “decisionismo”, que poderia ser classificado como uma espécie de ativismo judicial.

Un criterio propuesto para distinguir las competencias de control de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en el caso de las normas sometidas a referéndum en Costa Rica

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Alejandro Robles Leal

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El proceso referendario de 2007, previo a la aprobación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Centroamérica, significó una gran fiesta cívica para nuestro país, fue la primera vez que, a nivel nacional, el pueblo fue llamado a decidir sobre una propuesta normativa. Sin embargo, entrañó también enormes dudas respecto de las competencias para controlar la constitucionalidad de las normas sometidas a referéndum, y hasta que punto ese control podría acarrear una invasión en el ámbito de competencias por parte de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia al Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, o viceversa. En este breve trabajo se pretende esbozar un posible criterio para distinguir las competencias de control de ambos órganos, en aras de evitar una invasión, por parte de cualquiera de los dos órganos, en la esfera competencial del otro.

Estudio comparativo de las decisiones de los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo español y los resultados de estudios empíricos sobre las implicaciones psicológicas en menores en situación de guarda y custodia compartida

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Marta Marín

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se toma como referencia la modificación de la Ley 15/2005 en el Código Civil español, donde se introduce el concepto de guarda y custodia compartida por primera vez en España. El objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer si existe una relación entre los resultados de las investigaciones con base empírica y las decisiones judiciales acerca de los efectos que producen en menores la guarda y custodia compartidas. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de las investigaciones relativas a las consecuencias de la custodia compartida, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Posteriormente, se han comparado los resultados de las investigaciones con las decisiones de los magistrados, obtenidas tras realizar un análisis de la jurisprudencia de las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo desde el año 2005 hasta el año 2015.

Uma breve análise crítica da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal na ADI nº 4.029/2012

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José Eduardo Sabo Paes

2015-11-01

Full Text Available A supremacia e a rigidez constitucional pressupõem observância irrestrita das normas infraconstitucionais para com a Constituição de um Estado. O controle de constitucionalidade possui o condão de analisar a compatibilização entre a Constituição e as normas infraconstitucionais, sendo o texto constitucional um verdadeiro paradigma de validade e eficácia das leis. No Brasil, atualmente, a teoria de que a norma inconstitucional é nula de pleno direito, vem sendo mitigada, inclusive por força de lei, admitindo-se, a modulação temporal dos efeitos que assim a declaram, aproximando-a, assim, da teoria da anulabilidade do ato normativo inconstitucional. Em determinadas situações, a inconstitucionalidade da norma, apesar de ser reconhecida, não é declarada formalmente pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal que assim o faz em razão da segurança jurídica. Nesses casos, tendo em vista a densidade axiológica dos valores constitucionais que permitem a mitigação da teoria da nulidade do ato normativo inconstitucional, a decisão que assim é exarada deve possuir argumentação jurídica suficiente a ponto de não causar contradição interna na ordem normativo-constitucional. Na ADI nº 4.029 de 2012, a Suprema Corte brasileira, apesar de reconhecer que a Lei nº 11.516/2007 era inconstitucional, a manteve no ordenamento jurídico, sob pena de que a declaração formal de sua inconstitucionalidade trouxesse um panorama de insegurança jurídica em razão de outras normas que se encontravam na mesma situação e mantém plena eficácia. Assim, o presente artigo busca de analisar, de forma crítica, a argumentação e a racionalidade do voto do ministro relator que manteve uma norma, anteriormente reconhecida inconstitucional, no ordenamento jurídico.

Overcoming Obstacles to Peace: Local Factors in Nation-Building

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

Cambodia Abbreviations xliii SRSG Special Representative of the Secretary-General TSE Tribunal Supremo Electoral (Supreme Electoral Court) UDT União...Building expansionism (see Figure 3.1).10 Early Khmer empires ruled over what are today large portions of Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos . But, over the...electoral code enacted in 1993 and the creation of a Supreme Electoral Court (Tribunal Supremo Electoral, or TSE ). Substantial irregularities were

O recurso extraordinário e a emenda constitucional nº 45/2004: uma abordagem teleológica da nova configuração constitucional e processual civil

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Costa, Hélio Rubens Batista Ribeiro

2008-01-01

Tal como desenvolveremos a presente dissertação, focaremos o estudo do próprio papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal, como órgão de cúpula do Judiciário brasileiro e sua vocação moderna de se tornar um Tribunal Constitucional. Para alcançar o desiderato pretendido, desenvolver-se-á um estudo a respeito do Supremo Tribunal Federal que abordará dados históricos e, conforme previsão da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, a competência, a organização, a estrutura e a ...

¡La competencia electoral de la Sala Constitucional de Costa Rica!

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Bernal Arias Ramírez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Ensayo que en tres partes analiza el deslinde de competencias entre la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. La primera desarrolla cuáles son las competencias dadas por la Constitución y por la ley a la Sala Constitucional frente al Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. En segundo lugar, analiza, si la jurisdicción constitucional violentó con su voto de mayoría el Derecho de la Constitución al emitir la sentencia que anula la resolución del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, que autorizaba la recolección de firmas para convocar un referéndum sobre el proyecto de ley denominado “Ley de unión civil entre personas del mismo sexo”. Posteriormente, en una tercera parte, aborda un asunto reciente como es lo relativo a la acción de inconstitucionalidad de la ex diputada Mauren Ballestero Vargas contra el artículo 262 del Código Electoral.

Algunas consideraciones respecto del fallo del tribunal constitucional chileno relativo a la distribución de la “píldora del día después”

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Juan Pablo Beca Frei

2009-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo damos los fundamentos jurídicos de por qué resulta plenamente legítimo que el Tribunal Constitucional chileno se pronuncie sobre algunos aspectos de las Normas Chilenas sobre Fertilidad, en lo que concierne a la entrega de anticonceptivos de emergencia. En este fallo, el Tribunal Constitucional determinó que las normas contenidas en el Decreto Supremo Nº 48, de 26 de enero de 2007, del Ministerio de Salud son –desde el punto de vista jurídico– incompatibles con nuestras normas constitucionales. El segundo aspecto que analizamos desde el punto de vista jurídico es a quién corresponde el peso de la prueba. A nuestro parecer, lo que se prueba en cualquier juicio son hechos positivos, no hechos negativos, y quien debe probar es quien alega la ocurrencia de estos hechos. En consecuencia, consideramos que el Tribunal Constitucional debió haber exigido que los recurrentes probaran que el levonorgestrel impide el implante o anidación de un óvulo fecundado y no exigir al recurrido probar un hecho negativo, cual es que el mencionado producto no impide esta anidación. Reflexionamos además sobre ciertas imprecisiones del fallo, como aquellas relacionadas con el comienzo de la vida humana y la constitucionalidad de la consejería a menores.

OS NOVOS CONTORNOS CONFERIDOS À APOSENTADORIA ESPECIAL PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL: O JULGAMENTO DO ARE N. 664.335 SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO / NEW LIGHT ASSIGNED BY SUPREME COURT TO SPECIAL RETIREMENT: THE CASE ARE N. 664.335

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Oksandro Osdival Gonçalves

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo examinar os efeitos da decisão proferida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no benefício previdenciário denominado aposentadoria especial. Para tanto, fez-se uso da hermenêutica histórica, haja vista a sua capacidade de reconstruir elementos motivadores de uma teoria. Com isso, puderam ser observadas as mudanças ocorridas nessa prestação até chegar à forma com que é concedida hoje. Atualmente, o segurado deve comprovar, mediante formulário denominado perfil profissiográfico previdenciário, a efetiva exposição a agentes nocivos por 15, 20 ou 25 anos. Ocorre que a autarquia previdenciária condiciona a redução no tempo de contribuição a um aumento no custeio, sob pena de ofensa ao equilíbrio econômico. Com essas premissas em mente, a matéria chegou à Suprema Corte brasileira e duas teses foram criadas. Nessa toada, o artigo buscou examinar de forma pormenorizada quais foram as proposições e como estas podem conferir novos rumos à matéria utilizando o ferramental da análise econômica do direito. Palavras-chave: Aposentadoria especial. Empresas. Tributação. Análise econômica do direito.

O Supremo Individual: mecanismos de atuação direta dos Ministros sobre o processo político / The Supreme Individuals: how Brazilian Supreme Court Justices can directly influence the political process

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Diego Werneck Arguelhes

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Estudos e críticas à participação do Supremo Tribunal Federal na vida política nacional costumam assumir, ainda que implicitamente, que a decisão do tribunal a ser analisada ou criticada é obtida após um processo decisório interno colegiado. Mesmo que esse processo seja imperfeito, ele é visto como condição necessária para que os inputs individuais dos Ministros possam produzir efeitos relevantes sobre o mundo fora do tribunal. Neste trabalho, mostramos que os Ministros do STF podem agir individualmente, sem passar pelo colegiado, de modo a produzir efeitos sobre o comportamento de atores externos ao tribunal. Mapeamos conceitualmente esse tipo de poder individual, a partir de um marco teórico da análise institucional, para então identificar alguns exemplos na prática decisória do tribunal: a antecipação de posições na imprensa, o uso de pedidos de vista de longa duração e o uso de decisões monocráticas para avançar posições jurisprudenciais. Com base nesses três exemplos, apontamos e discutimos algumas implicações da existência desses poderes individuais para estudos sobre judicialização da política e comportamento judicial. Em especial, destacamos os problemas normativos que surgem quando se reconhece a possibilidade de que uma ação judicial internamente minoritária (isto é, uma ação que não expressa a preferência da maioria dos Ministros produza resultados externamente contramajoritários. Palavras-chave: Supremo Tribunal Federal; Poderes Individuais; Comportamento Judicial; Processo Decisório; Análise Institucional.                                                 Abstract: Existing studies on the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court tend to assume, even if implicitly, that decisions they analyze are the outcome of an internal, collective decision-making process. Even when this process is criticized as problematic in itself, it is seen as a necessary condition for the

PROCESS MATTERS - EMPIRICALLY EVALUATING ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR: THE QUESTIONABLE NEUTRALITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL PROCESS

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Lydia Stewart Ferreira

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The health tribunal process is assumed to be neutral and allow for the tribunal’s focus to be on the parties’ legal arguments. This study quantitatively examined approximately 400 decisions over a five-year period to determine whether or not health tribunal hearings are neutral or whether the hearing process itself affects the tribunal’s decision independent of the parties’ legal arguments. Certain tribunal procedures affected tribunal decisions independent of legal arguments. This novel quantitative research matrix, which analysed cases over a five year time period, identified trends which are overlooked in traditional legal analysis of judicial review.   Il est présumé que le processus d’audience du tribunal de la santé est neutre et permet au tribunal de se concentrer sur les arguments juridiques des parties. Cette étude porte sur l’analyse quantitative d’environ 400 décisions et s’est étendue sur une période de cinq années; elle visait à déterminer si les audiences du tribunal de la santé sont neutres ou non, ou si le processus d’audience même influence les décisions du tribunal indépendamment des arguments juridiques des parties. Cette nouvelle matrice de données quantitatives, qui a analysé des causes sur une période de cinq années, a permis de constater des tendances qui sont mises de côté dans les analyses juridiques traditionnelles du processus de contrôle judiciaire.

Título V de la Constitución de Cádiz : poder judicial, origen del Tribunal Supremo, y unidad de códigos

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Pedro J. Tenorio Sánchez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo estudia el Título V de la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812, regulador del Poder Judicial, de algunos derechos fundamentales y del principio de unidad de códigos. Tiene una introducción sobre la doctrina de la división del poder en LOCKE y MONTESQUIEU. El Poder Judicial en la Constitución de Cádiz tuvo gran importancia porque fue el que enfrentó a las Cortes con los antiguos Consejos de la Administración borbónica. El trabajo comienza analizando la plasmación en la Constitución del principio de división de poderes. La recepción de este principio se hace bajo la influencia de MONTESQUIEU y de la Constitución francesa de 1791. No obstante, en el Discurso Preliminar con el que los constituyentes explicaban la Constitución, presentan a ésta como una recuperación de antiguas leyes de la Monarquía Hispánica. Por lo que se refiere a las características del Poder judicial, la Constitución sienta las bases y las paredes maestras del mismo. En particular, aunque no reconocen explícitamente la independencia judicial, la garantiza a lo largo de varios de sus preceptos. En la estructura judicial se sitúa en la base a los Alcaldes, y en el vértice, al Tribunal Supremo. Es de destacar que no se recoge la figura del jurado. Por lo que se refiere al Tribunal Supremo, hay que señalar que no es la institución típica de un Estado de Derecho liberal. No lo llegará a ser hasta 1838, cuando se regule el recurso de nulidad, convirtiéndolo en una especie de recurso de casación. El Título V contiene, por otra parte, una serie variada de garantías de la libertad personal, procesales, de la propiedad, del domicilio, y humaniza el tratamiento penitenciario. Una característica del mismo que hay que destacar es que recoge la propia posibilidad de que esos derechos y garantías sean suspendidos. La Constitución recoge en el Título V, art. 258, el principio de unidad de códigos. Toda la Constitución está inspirada por la

The European Nuclear Energy Tribunal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marchetti, D.

1977-01-01

The European Nuclear Energy Tribunal was set up within the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) on 20th December 1957 under the Convention on Security Control. Seven independent judges are appointed for five years by decision of the Council of the Organisation; if the Tribunal includes no judge of the nationality of a party in a dispute submitted to it, the Government concerned may select an additional judge in that case. The Tribunal is competent in matters of security control, third party liability and activities of one of the Organisation's joint undertakings. At the request of any Government party to the Security Control Convention, to the Eurochemic Convention or to the Paris Convention and Brussels Supplementary Convention it may be convened to resolve any dispute concerning the interpretation or application thereof. While the Tribunal has not yet been called upon to exercise its judgment it is nonetheless an important and necessary instrument for Member States engaged in nuclear activities at international level. (NEA) [fr

ANONIMATO DEL PROGENITOR Y DERECHO A LA IDENTIDAD DEL HIJO: DECISIONES JUDICIALES ENCONTRADAS SOBRE RESERVA DE IDENTIDAD EN LOS CASOS DE MADRE SOLTERA Y DONANTE DE ESPERMA Anonymity of genetic parents and the children's right to know own biological identity: Opossed judicial decisions about the secrecy of identity in the cases of single mother and sperm donors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramón Duran Rivacoba

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El trabajo discute las soluciones que han dado en España el Tribunal Supremo y el Tribunal Constitucional a casos en los que se ven enfrentados la facultad de mantener el anonimato del progenitor y el derecho del hijo a conocer su identidad biológica. Se confronta la decisión del Tribunal Supremo de declarar inconstitucionales las normas legales que permiten a la madre no matrimonial resguardar su anonimato, con la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional, emitida pocos meses antes, que declara constitucionalmente legítimo el anomimato del donante de esperma en el contexto de la aplicación de una técnica de reproducción humana asistida. Se argumenta en contra de ambas soluciones, sobre la base de que en la primera el anonimato materno cumple una función dirigida no directamente a proteger a la madre, sino a proteger al niño frente a un posible aborto o infanticidio por lo que el derecho a la identidad debe ser moderado. Para ilustrar la conveniencia y viabilidad de este razonamiento se hace un amplio análisis del caso "Odiévre" por el que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos concluyó que el sistema francés de reserva de la identidad de la madre no era contrario al Convenio Europeo. En cambio, se critica la solución del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el donante de esperma por sobredimensionar el derecho a la intimidad del progenitor en desmedro del interés del hijo. La puesta en contraste de estas soluciones permite constatar que la madre, que contaba con medidas de apoyo en concretas situaciones que pudieran poner en riesgo la vida del hijo, las pierde; mientras el padre que, a partir de la reforma del año 1981 que impuso la libertad de investigación de la paternidad, había perdido sus antiguos privilegios, se ve beneficiado de la misma dispensa que ahora se niega para la madre.The present paper discuss the solutions that Spain's Constitutional Tribunal and Spain's Supreme Court have issued in filiation cases, in which the

Cooperation challenges for the Special Tribunal for Lebanon

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Swart, B.

2007-01-01

While the Agreement between the United Nations and Lebanon provides a solid framework for cooperation between the Special Tribunal and Lebanon, Security Council Resolution 1757 (2007) is silent on the duty of third states to assist the Tribunal. As a result, the Special Tribunal will be confronted

20th Anniversary Conference on World Bank Administrative Tribunal

CERN Document Server

2000-01-01

Contents :"Review of discretionary power by international administrative tribunals" by Michel Gentot, "Checks exerted by administrative tribunals over the discretionary powers of international organizations" by Nicolas Valticos, "Comments" by Ranjan (C.F.) Amerasinghe, "The review of managerial discretion by international administrative tribunals" by Francisco Orrego Vicuña, "Some practical issue arising in international administrative tribunals" by Nassib G. Ziadé, "Aspects of judicial review of administrative action in the WBAT with comparative remarks" by Spyridon Flogaitis, "The International Monetary Fund Administrative Tribunal : its first six years" by Celia Goldman

El deslinde competencia entre el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y la Sala constitucional: una historia inconclusa en cuatro capítulos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Antonio Sobrado González

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Inicia con una breve introducción en donde señala las funciones y atribuciones de cada uno de los órganos (Sala y Tribunal dadas por la Constitución Política. Seguidamente señala cómo por medio de la jurisprudencia emitida por ambas instancias, se han delineado criterios que paulatinamente han ido clarificando los respectivos ámbitos de competencia en materia electoral, no obstante por sentencia n.º 13313 de 2010, la Sala Constitucional comprometió la autonomía y autoridad del TSE, al desconocer el carácter obligatorio y exclusivo de sus interpretaciones normativoelectorales y la naturaleza irrecurrible de sus decisiones.

La costumbre no es fuente del Derecho Procesal

OpenAIRE

Gascón Inchausti, Fernando

1999-01-01

Comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 28 de abril de 1998. Se analiza el valor jurídico que cabe atribuir a ciertos usos forenses, dado que la costumbre no es fuente del Derecho Procesal.

International Justice through Domestic Courts:

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tang, Yi Shin

2015-01-01

In April 2010, the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal, or STF) controversially decided to uphold the country’s amnesty law, which currently prevents prosecutions for violations of human rights committed during the military dictatorship. However, the Inter-American Court...

Challenging international criminal tribunals before domestic courts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

d' Aspremont, J.; Brölmann, C.; Reinisch, A.

2011-01-01

International courts, despite the wide-ranging means that have been put at their disposal, need the cooperation of various domestic actors. The cooperation of States with international criminal tribunals has not always been without difficulty, as these tribunals have been the object of various

O pedido de cooperação do Tribunal Penal Internacional ao Brasil na captura do presidente do Sudão (The request for cooperation on the capture of the president of Sudan submitted to Brazil by the International Criminal Court

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João Irineu de Resende Miranda

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo tem como tema a relação de cooperação entre o Tribunal Penal Internacional e o Brasil. Partindo das questões levantadas pelo despacho referente à Petição 4625-1, redigido pelo presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal, seu objetivo é saber se as dificuldades em harmonizar certas disposições do Estatuto do Tribunal Penal Internacional com a Constituição brasileira podem impedir o Brasil de cooperar com o Tribunal Penal Internacional no tocante à detenção e posterior entrega do presidente do Sudão, Omar al-Bashir. Analisando o fundamento jurídico do pedido de cooperação e os pontos de conflito apontados pela doutrina, conclui-se que não há obstáculo para o atendimento do pedido de cooperação, sendo este, pelo contrário, uma obrigação jurídica do Estado brasileiro.Abstract: This work discusses the cooperation relationship between the International Criminal Court and Brazil. From the issues raised by the order on the Petition 4625-1, as written by the President of the Supreme Court, its goal is to establish whether or not the difficulties in harmonizing certain provisions of the Statute of the International Criminal Court with the Brazilian Constitution may prevent the latter to cooperate with the International Criminal Court in relation to the arrest and surrender of the President of Sudan, Omar al-Bashir. Analyzing the legal basis of the request for cooperation and the conflict points highlighted by the doctrine, our research concludes that there is no obstacle to comply with the request for cooperation, which is actually a legal obligation of the Brazilian state.

Semblanza Cuerpo Nacional de Delegados

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Elena Isabel Alonso Quesada

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Presenta una breve reseña historia de la creación del Cuerpo Nacional de Delegados del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, así como una descripción de las labores realizadas por el mismo durante sus sesenta años de existencia

Decolonizing the Archives: The Work of New Zealand's Waitangi Tribunal

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Rachel Buchanan

2007-08-01

Full Text Available If history is to be decolonized, then the archives it is made from must be too. This article uses the work of the Waitangi Tribunal in Aotearoa New Zealand to explore how this might be possible. The tribunal is a permanent commission of inquiry that investigates contemporary and historical breaches of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. Tribunal hearings are rich sites of public history-making. A hearing involves the research and production of ‘traditional’ and ‘historical’ tribal narratives as well as the performance of dozens of individual testimonies from Maori. By collecting and archiving the family and tribal histories that Maori claimants have chosen to speak, write or sing before it, the tribunal has made the private public. In the process, the colonial archive has been expanded, democratised and decolonised. This article argues that while the work of the tribunal is necessarily constrained by its brief to investigate post-contact grievances, the voluminous and precious archive generated by inquiries and by the settlement process that sometimes follows, provide the seeds for other more satisfying and challenging stories about New Zealand’s past and present. It reads the archives generated by the Taranaki inquiry to demonstrate how a significant feature of claimant testimony is the challenge it poses to conceptions of time that are central to academic history-making. The subaltern histories shared at tribunal hearings collapse the distinctions between past and present, placing ‘historical actors’ and ‘historical events’ on the same stage as present ones. Tribunal archives, then, are a new and overlooked collection of documentary evidence that refuses to locate colonisation in the past. The tribunal archives challenge historians to rethink ‘history’ and ‘the colonial archive’. If colonisation is something that is not over yet then the colonial archive is still being created (by bodies like the tribunal. It is a collection

Naturaleza normativa de las relaciones de puestos de trabajo. A propósito de la nueva jurisprudencia sentada por la sentencia de la sala 3.ª, sección 7.ª, del Tribunal Supremo, de 5 de febrero de 2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agustín Gil Franco

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Con este comentario se viene a señalar el significativo cambio de rumbo en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo en relación con las relaciones de puestos de trabajo, a las que incluso se les ha arrebatado el carácter figurado de norma para que pudieran ser objeto de recurso de casación. La sentencia pretende zanjar una cuestión largamente tratada tanto por la jurisprudencia como por la propia doctrina, sobre lo que es en sí una relación de puestos de trabajo: si realmente son normas jurídicas o simplemente actos administrativos dentro de esa doble función que realizan como instrumento de ordenación de recursos humanos y como último eslabón de la cadena organizativa de una Administración determinada. El voto particular formulado vuelve a incidir en que la cuestión no parece estar definitivamente cerrada, desde el punto de vista de la caracterización de dichos instrumentos, añadiendo lo que precisamente se trataba de combatir: la inseguridad jurídica en los funcionarios. This comment has been to point out the significant shift in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court concerning relations jobs, which even has robbed the figurative nature of rule so that they could be subject to appeal. The judgment seeks to settle a question treated at length by both case law and the doctrine itself, what is in a relationship of jobs: if they really are or just legal rules within administrative acts performing this dual role as an instrument of management of human resources and as the last link in the organizational chain of a particular administration. The dissent raised again stressed that the issue does not seem to be definitely closed from the point of view of the characterization of these instruments adding precisely what it was combat: the legal uncertainty officials.

La obligación de investigar las desapariciones forzadas y su aplicación a los crímenes del franquismo en España

OpenAIRE

Galella, Patricio

2014-01-01

La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de España en el caso por prevaricato contra el juez Garzón por pretender investigar los crímenes del franquismo ha cerrado la vía judicial como medio para canalizar las reclamaciones de los familiares de víctimas del franquismo. En su lugar, el Tribunal sostuvo que otros mecanismos eran los apropiados. La práctica indica, sin embargo, que los juzgados competentes han archivado sistemáticamente las causas y la Ley de Memoria Histórica es insuficiente, colocand...

The Copyright Royalty Tribunal.

Science.gov (United States)

Brylawski, E. Fulton

1977-01-01

The regulatory and adjudicative structure of the newly-created Copyright Royalty Tribunal is described and guidelines for its functioning are examined. Problems in data reporting and in the determination of ownership of copyrights of works used by compulsory licensees are among the issues addressed. (LBH)

Introducción al tema monográfico

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Sofía Salas Ibarra

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este número de Ars Medica está por entero dedicado al tema de Anticoncepción de Emergencia (AE y a la discusión de sus aspectos biológicos, éticos, sociales y jurídicos, incluyendo un análisis sobre los aspectos científicos y jurídicos contenidos en el reciente fallo del Tribunal Constitucional de Chile. Como es de conocimiento público, con fecha 18 de abril de 2008 dicho tribunal dictó sentencia sobre el requerimiento presentado por un grupo de diputados en contra del decreto supremo Nº 48 de 2007 del Ministerio de Salud, el cual prohíbe la entrega de AE en los servicios públicos de salud. Pocos días después, el Gobierno de Chile declaró la supresión de las normas sobre AE de las Normas Nacionales sobre Regulación de la Fertilidad, que forman parte del decreto supremo Nº 48, de 2007, del Ministerio de Salud, por ser inconstitucionales de acuerdo al fallo antes señalado1

Relaciones de puestos de trabajo. ¿Reglamento o acto administrativo? STS de 05 de febrero de 2014 (JUR 2014\\1572

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Belén Andrés Segovia

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La Sentencia que ocupará las siguientes páginas, es objeto de un punto de inflexión a través del cual, el Tribunal Supremo cambia años de doctrina jurisprudencial. La figura por excelencia era el Reglamento en las Relaciones de Puesto de Trabajo. A través de este análisis podremos observar, como los criterios han cambiado, y ya no es el régimen normativo a seguir según el Tribunal Supremo. Para terminar realizaremos un análisis a modo de conclusiones extraídas a raíz de su régimen comparativo con la figura jurídica anterior. The Sentence analyzed a turning point through which the Supreme Court changed years of jurisprudence. The figure par excellence was the Regulation on Workplace Relations. Through this analysis we can see, the criteria have changed, and is no longer the regulatory regime to follow according to the Supreme Court. Finally make an analysis by way of conclusions drawn following its comparative legal regime with the previous figure.

Regimén Jurídico de la Prescripción en el Código Penal español

OpenAIRE

Pastor Alcoy, Francisco José

2015-01-01

La presente tesis tiene como objeto el régimen jurídico de la prescripción en el código penal español para lo cual presenta la evolución legislativa de la misma en el ordenamiento jurídico desde el CP de 1822 hasta la LO 1/2015. Importantes cambios en la prescripción supuso el Código Penal de 1995 a los que se unieron nuevas interpretaciones jurisprudenciales y un diálogo entre el Tribunal Constitucional y el Tribunal Supremo y la doctrina científica que ha germinado en importantes cambio...

Ruling Against the Executive in Amparo Cases: Evidence from the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal Fallando en Contra del Ejecutivo en los Casos de Amparo: Evidencia del Tribunal Constitucional Peruano

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Lydia Brashear Tiede

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we systematically analyze decisions made by the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal from 1996 to 2006 in amparo cases, which significantly impact individual rights. We ask the following question: in these types of cases, what conditions led the Tribunal to assert itself against the executive? Through an analysis of Tribunal decisions during the presidencies of Alberto Fujimori and Alejandro Toledo, we find that the Tribunal is more likely to rule against the executive, as the public’s confidence in the executive decreases and as the share of congressional seats of the president’s party declines. Further, the Tribunal is more willing to decide cases against the executive in areas that most pervade its docket, specifically in the areas of pensions and employment. These findings add to the comparative and American judicial politics literature by showing that high courts, even relatively weak ones, follow politics, but that case subject area and prevalence may temper this tendency.En este artículo presentamos un análisis sistemático de las decisiones del Tribunal Constitucional del Perú, específicamente las decisiones tomadas respecto a los casos de amparo entre 1996 y 2006. Estos casos son los de mayor relevancia para proteger los derechos individuales. Para este tipo de casos, buscamos contestar la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué determinantes políticos llevan al Tribunal Constitucional a fallar en contra del ejecutivo en este tipo de casos? Del análisis de todas las decisiones de amparo adoptadas por el Tribunal durante las presidencias de Alberto Fujimori y Alejandro Toledo, encontramos más probable que el Tribunal falle en contra del gobierno cuando la confianza del público en el ejecutivo declina y el número de legisladores del partido de gobierno en el congreso disminuye. Sin embargo, es más probable que el Tribunal decida en contra del ejecutivo en áreas o tipo de casos en los que más favorezcan sus intereses, espec

La reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional

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Manuel Aragón

2008-01-01

Full Text Available i. Objetivo y estructura del presente trabajo. ii. La pertinencia de la reforma. iii. El estatus del Tribunal Constitucional. iv. El recurso de amparo. v. Los asuntos de Pleno. vi. El funcionamiento interno del Tribunal. Reglas comunes de procedimiento y régimen del personal. vii. Consideraciones generales: el significado de la reforma. A. El alcance de la reforma. 1. Una reforma intensa de la lotc. 2. Lo que la reforma no incluye. B. La importancia de la reforma. 1. Transformación radical del recurso de amparo. 2. Cambios en el sistema de justicia constitucional. 3. Una precisión necesaria: el nuevo amparo-control no significa que el Tribunal Constitucional pierda por completo su dimensión de tribunal de tutela de los derechos fundamentales, sino que se transforma el significado de dicha función. 4. Eficacia de la reforma

La reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Aragón

2008-12-01

Full Text Available i. Objetivo y estructura del presente trabajo. ii. La pertinencia de la reforma. iii. El estatus del Tribunal Constitucional. iv. El recurso de amparo. v. Los asuntos de Pleno. vi. El funcionamiento interno del Tribunal. Reglas comunes de procedimiento y régimen del personal. vii. Consideraciones generales: el significado de la reforma. A. El alcance de la reforma. 1. Una reforma intensa de la lotc. 2. Lo que la reforma no incluye. B. La importancia de la reforma. 1. Transformación radical del recurso de amparo. 2. Cambios en el sistema de justicia constitucional. 3. Una precisión necesaria: el nuevo amparo-control no significa que el Tribunal Constitucional pierda por completo su dimensión de tribunal de tutela de los derechos fundamentales, sino que se transforma el significado de dicha función. 4. Eficacia de la reforma

Investor-state tribunals and constitutional courts: The Mexican sweeteners saga

OpenAIRE

Puig, Sergio

2017-01-01

This article tackles the complex question of the relationship between international and domestic adjudicatory bodies. It does so by analyzing the debate between liberals and developmentalists over the effects of investor-state arbitration tribunals on domestic courts. For liberals, investor-state tribunals are a positive complement to domestic judicial institutionsfor their ability to "de-politicize" investment disputes, leading to economic policy stability that encourages foreign investment....

Elections and Electoral Tribunal in Nigeria

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

2011-04-19

Apr 19, 2011 ... 'pulpits' were angels that may shun the acceptance of gratification to uphold or upturn ..... INEC in the 2007 election, it will be out of place for election tribunal to use .... Democratic theory and practice: The Nigerian experience.

Triblex thematic analysis of the case law of the ILO Administrative Tribunal

CERN Document Server

International Labour Organization. Geneva

Triblex is a thematic database on the case law of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization, which hears complaints from serving and former officials of the ILO, or of one of the thirty-odd international organizations that recognise its jurisdiction, about breach of the terms of their appointment or staff rules or regulations. Relevant passages of the Tribunal's reasoning can be located in the Triblex database in various ways, mainly using terms (descriptors) from the Triblex Thesaurus. The database is in English and French and can be searched in either language. It is intended for litigants, counsel, staff representatives, personnel managers and anyone with an interest in the law of the international civil service. Triblex est une base de données thématique sur la jurisprudence du Tribunal administratif de l'Organisation internationale du Travail. La saisine du Tribunal est ouverte aux fonctionnaires ou anciens fonctionnaires du Bureau international du ou des normes statutaires o...

THE EXCEPTION OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY RAISED BEFORE AN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL

OpenAIRE

Eugen HURUBÃ; Luminita GABURA

2014-01-01

The main aim of the paper work is to determine whether the Constitutional Court of Romania could be notified by international tribunals in relation to cases tried under Romanian law. On 5 March 2013 the Constitutional Court of Romania decided, for the first time, on a case concerning an exception of unconstitutionality raised before an international tribunal of commercial arbitration. The exception of unconstitutionality of a Government Emergency Ordinance was raised in an arbitration case pe...

A DECISÃO DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL QUE RECONHECEU A UNIÃO ESTÁVEL HOMOAFETIVA NO BRASIL: A PRIMEIRA GRANDE BATA LHA CONTRA A HOMOFOBIA FOI VENCIDA

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Iriana Munhoz

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El concepto de familia no puede estar vinculada sólo a "el matrimonio, el sexo y la reproducción." El concepto de familia moderna debe comprenderse en uno más amplio, que se debe reconocer sin prejuicios ni discriminación, el afecto y la felicidad son básicos para su definición. Habida cuenta de la omisión legislativa, la reciente decisión de la Corte Suprema reconoce que la unión homosexual estable va al encuentro de este nuevo paradigma. Con cuidado para proteger a este grupo vulnerable, nuestro Tribunal Constitucional rompe "tabúes" y respeta los principios fundamentales de nuestra ley suprema, lo que demuestra que la libertad de la libre orientación sexual forma parte de la dignidad humana.

Tribunal Supremo de justicia, Tokio –Japón

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Okada, Shinichi

1976-05-01

Full Text Available The building consists of a main body, made up by three parallel blocks and two L-shaped blocks which are connected to these by corridors and thus forming great patios. The space is distributed over four storeys which, depending on their function, have different heights. Below the main body there is a basement with the installation machinery. Two other basements, situated below one of the patios between the L blocks, will provide sufficient parking space for the future needs. This construction comprises: main court room; secondary court rooms; waiting rooms and premises for the Information services; library; reading rooms; offices for the judges, lawyers and attorneys; offices for the jury; secretariat plus a great number of additional premises. The construction was made with a combination of reinforced steel and iron. Both the inside as well as the outside is covered by white granite, which emphasizes the great volume of the building. With its original and vivid design, within the sober elegance required by its function the complex is a clear exponent of the new tendencies of the present Japanese architecture.La edificación consta de un cuerpo principal, formado por tres bloques paralelos adosados, y dos bloques en L, unidos a los anteriores mediante pasillos, creando grandes patios. Está organizada en cuatro plantas de distintas alturas, según su función, más un sótano bajo el cuerpo principal que aloja la maquinaria de las instalaciones. Otros dos sótanos, situados bajo la plaza peatonal conformada entre los bloques en L, proveen de aparcamiento suficiente para las necesidades previstas. Esta edificación comprende: una sala principal de justicia; tribunales secundarlos; salas de espera y gabinetes para los servicios informativos; biblioteca; salas de lectura; despachos para jueces, abogados y procuradores; oficinas del juzgado; diversas salas de reunión; administración; secretaría, y toda una larga serie de locales complementarios y de servicio. La construcción se realizó con una estructura mixta de hormigón armado y hierro. Va revestida, tanto interior como exteriormente, con mampostería de granito blanco, subrayando los marcados volúmenes de la edificación. El conjunto, con su original y movido diseño, dentro de la sobriedad que exige su función, es un claro exponente de las nuevas tendencias de la arquitectura japonesa actual.

Diferença de Classe no SUS é inconstitucional!

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alethele de Oliveira Santos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A discussão sobre a ‘diferença de classe’ decorre do Recurso Extraordinário (RE 581488 interposto pelo Conselho Regional de Medicina do Rio Grande do Sul (Cremers em face da decisão do Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ªRegião (TRF –4ª, em favor do município de Canela (RS (1 junto ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF, com repercussão geral  reconhecida sob o número 579. Trata-se da possibilidade de que paciente do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS pague valor financeiro por hotelaria diferenciada, ou ainda, médico de sua preferência.

FIT to be tied : Ontario's environmental review tribunal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Atcheson, A.E. [Miller Thompson LLP, Toronto, ON (Canada)

2010-07-01

This PowerPoint presentation discussed amendments and changes to the Green Energy Act and Environmental Protection Act that were required to accommodate the new renewable energy approval (REA) system. Separate appeal requirements are now needed for REAs. Written notice must be supplied within 15 days after posting to the environmental registry, and the appeal must prove that the project in question will cause serious harm to human health, or serious and irreversible harm to plant life, animal life, or the natural environment. The tribunal must make a decision within 6 months when parties do not agree. If no decision is agreed in the time frame, the REA is deemed confirmed. Ontario residents with no connection to a project are able to cause delays even after the Ministry of the Environment has endorsed a project through issuance of the REA. The appeals timeline causes tribunal members to make decisions on short notice. Preliminary hearings are held to determine the parties involved, define issues, and hear preliminary motions. Hearings are held 8 weeks after the appeal expiry date and within 6 months of the tribunal appeal notice. Solutions to the appeals process include the pre-qualifications of appeals based on prima facie evidence of serious harm, the restriction of appellants to those within a particular geographic area, and increased direction to environmental review tribunal members on the appropriate minimum evidence of serious harm. tabs., figs.

No longer in suspense: Clarifying the Human Rights Jurisdiction of the SADC Tribunal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moses R Phooko

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The Southern African Development Community Tribunal's (SADC Tribunal decision in the matter of Mike Campbell (Pvt Ltd v Republic of Zimbabwe 2008 SADCT 2 (28 November 2008 demonstrated its ability to utilise the principles contained in the Treaty of the Southern African Development Community when it ruled that it had the power and competency to adjudicate over a human rights case. The aforesaid decision was hailed by many scholars as a progressive judgment in the SADC region that would promote the rule of law and ensure that member states respected their treaty obligations in their own territories. Unfortunately, the same judgment resulted in the suspension of the SADC Tribunal in 2010 because it had purportedly acted beyond its mandate when it adjudicated over a case concerning a human rights dispute. This article investigates whether the SADC Tribunal had jurisdiction to deal with cases involving allegations of human rights violations. In addressing this question, this article will discuss the powers (implied and tacit of international organisations as understood within international law. In addition, the study will ascertain how the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia have dealt with cases that involved disputes concerning a tribunal or an international organisation that was said to have acted beyond its mandate. The study will also make reference to the East African Court of Justice and the Economic Community of West African States Court of Justice as they have also dealt with implied powers when they were confronted with cases concerning human rights abuses. Certain decisions of the SADC Summit of Heads of States or Government (Summit and the Council of Ministers whose roles include the control of functions and/or overseeing the functioning of the SADC will also be referred to in this study.

José Figueres Ferrer y su aporte al sistema electoral costarricense

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Oscar Fonseca Montoya

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo describe los aportes del Expresidente de la República y Benemérito de la Patria José Figueres Ferrer para el desarrollo y estabilidad del sistema electoral costarricense. Repasa la emisión de Decretos-Ley que desde la Junta Fundadora de la Segunda República aseguraron la estructura que hoy ostenta tanto la legislación electoral como el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones.

Procedural lawmaking at the International Criminal Tribunals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sluiter, G.; Darcy, S.; Powderly, J.

2011-01-01

This chapter examines the role played by the judges in creating the procedural rules which govern the functioning of the ad hoc Tribunals. Noting that the bench had been tasked with devising its own rules of procedure and evidence, it queries whether judicial lawmaking in this context at the

Identidad nacional y legitimidad del tribunal de justicia

OpenAIRE

Azpitarte Sánchez, Miguel

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo plantea en qué medida la identidad nacional es utilizada para articular por parte del Tribunal de Justicia el conflicto centro/periferia. A estos efectos el núcleo central del trabajo estructura y analiza la jurisprudencia, intenta

6 February 2012 - Supreme Audit Institutions from Norway, Poland, Spain and Switzerland visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 5, CMS underground experimental area, CERN Control Centre and LHC superconducting magnet test hall. Delegations are throughout accompanied by Swiss P. Jenni, Polish T. Kurtyka, Spanish J. Salicio, Norwegian S. Stapnes and International Relations Adviser R. Voss. (Riksrevisjonen, Oslo; Tribunal de Cuentas , Madrid; the Court of Audit of Switzerland and Najwyzsza Izba Kontroli, Varsaw)

CERN Multimedia

Jean-Claude Gadmer

2012-01-01

6 February 2012 - Supreme Audit Institutions from Norway, Poland, Spain and Switzerland visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 5, CMS underground experimental area, CERN Control Centre and LHC superconducting magnet test hall. Delegations are throughout accompanied by Swiss P. Jenni, Polish T. Kurtyka, Spanish J. Salicio, Norwegian S. Stapnes and International Relations Adviser R. Voss. (Riksrevisjonen, Oslo; Tribunal de Cuentas , Madrid; the Court of Audit of Switzerland and Najwyzsza Izba Kontroli, Varsaw)

An audit of nursing reports for First-Tier Tribunals in a secure inpatient service.

Science.gov (United States)

Haw, C

2015-08-01

Very little research has been conducted into the role of nurses in relation to patients' mental health tribunals (known in some countries as review panels). In England nurses are playing an increasingly important role in giving evidence at tribunals and, since October 2013, are required to provide much more detailed written reports than previously. This is the first published study to examine the content of nursing tribunal reports. Overall, the quality of nursing reports was patchy and not as good as those of psychiatrists or social workers, but there was improvement when the audit was repeated. Writing reports for tribunals is a comparatively new and perhaps unfamiliar requirement for nursing staff. Nurses need training in report writing and protected time and a quiet area to write reports. Providing these things is a real challenge on busy inpatient wards. In October 2013, the Tribunals Judiciary of England issued a new practice direction stipulating how tribunal reports should be completed. This paper aimed to study the quality of nursing tribunal reports in a secure inpatient service before and after the introduction of the latest practice direction and the issuing of a local template to aid report writing. A total of 160 reports (80 written in 2013 and 80 in 2014) were scored on the presence of 24 key items derived from the latest practice direction. The quality of nursing reports improved in the re-audit from an average of 36.3% of key items present to 51.3% but still lagged behind that of medical and social circumstances reports. Even in the second audit, few reports were signed or commented on why the patient should remain detained. Report length increased from a mean of 2.9 to 4.0 pages but only 27.5% of reports used the template despite widespread publicity. Use of the template resulted in better quality reports. Among other interventions, a training programme in report writing is now underway to assist nurses with meeting the new practice direction

El recurso de amparo electoral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Analiza la figura procesal del recurso de amparo electoral, su génesis, naturaleza jurídica,carácter residual, y otras características propias de su evolución y desarrollo, que lo diferencian con el recurso contencioso-electoral, para lo cual se realiza un amplio análisis de la jurisprudencia emanada tanto del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, como de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia

Reflexiones en torno a la pensión de alimentos: la irretroactividad de la modificación de una pensión de alimentos. Comentario a la STS núm. 162/2014, de 26 de marzo (Rj 2014, 2035)

OpenAIRE

Chaparro Matamoros, Pedro

2015-01-01

El Tribunal Supremo ha declarado que la modificación de una pensión de alimentos únicamente surge efecto desde el momento en que se dicta la sentencia que la acuerda, y no desde la fecha de interposición de la demanda inicial. The Supreme Court has held that the modification of an alimony takes effect only from the time of the judgment that establishes it, and not from the date of filing of the initial claim.

Garantías constitucionales y principios democráticos en los debate electorales en Costa Rica

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Arlette Bolaños Barquero

2009-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se exponen las garantías constitucionales vigentes en Costa Rica para la realización de los debates electorales y se refiere a los principios y valores democráticos como sustento de los criterios que rigen para el desarrollo de estas actividades electorales, los cuales se detallan junto con la jurisprudencia de la Sala Constitucional y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones que los han propugnado con amplitud.

Primera experiencia de referéndum en Costa Rica: regulación y alcances

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Luis Antonio Sobrado González

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Estudio del instituto del referéndum desde la legislación costarricense. Repasa la génesis del referéndum en la esfera nacional, cual resultado de reformas constitucionales y la promulgación de una ley específica que lo regula. Asimismo, analiza la jurisprudencia electoral dictada por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y expone un decálogo sobre ética política a regir en estos procesos.

La prestación por maternidad. Su evolución y la aparición de nuevos casos

OpenAIRE

Santamaría Sogorb, Eva

2017-01-01

El trabajo de fin de grado se desarrolla en dos grandes bloques. El primero es un análisis referente a la evolución histórica sobre la legislación española de la prestación por maternidad y el segundo está basado en las sentencias de los Tribunales Superiores de Justicia y Tribunal Supremo acerca de la novedosa protección sobre la prestación de maternidad por gestación subrogada.

O STF e a construção institucional das autoridades reguladoras do financeiro: um estudo de caso das ADIns The Brazilian Supreme Court and the institutional design of the public authorities of the National Financial System: an ADIns' empirical study

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Camila Duran-Ferreira

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende avaliar a atuação da corte constitucional brasileira, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, como verdadeiro ator no desenho institucional das autoridades reguladoras do sistema financeiro nacional, o Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN e o Banco Central do Brasil (BCB. Sua interação com os poderes políticos, por meio do julgamento de Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade (ADIns, ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, forneceu balizas jurídicas para a construção dessas autoridades. Esta pesquisa, que parte de uma análise qualitativa das decisões do Tribunal como estudo de caso, mapeou os temas e atores interessados na regulação do sistema financeiro e na estrutura dessas entidades, assim como procurou demonstrar como a atuação da corte reforçou a competência normativa desses órgãos. Ao final, este artigo delineia parâmetros para eventual edição de futura legislação, que vise regular o sistema financeiro, revogando a Lei 4594 de 1964, e conceder eventual autonomia ao Banco Central do Brasil.The purpose of this study is to analyse the manner the Brazilian Supreme Court's (Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF decisions have influenced the institutional design of the national monetary council and the Brazilian Central Bank. During the last 20 years, STF provided limits to the power of these public authorities, by judging Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality (ADIns. This research is based on empirical study that intends to identify the actors and the issues submitted to the court and how its decision enforced their power of regulating the financial system. As a result, it is possible to perceive directions to enact the law that intends to regulate the financial system and eventually to attribute the independence to the Brazilian Central Bank.

La ilegítima mutación de la Constitución por el juez constitucional y la demolición del estado de derecho en Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Allan R Brewer-Carías

2009-01-01

Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar algunas de las ilegítimas mutaciones constitucionales efectuadas por la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela, al decidir recursos autónomos de interpretación constitucional que han sido interpuestos por el Poder Ejecutivo, y que han trastocado los cimientos del Estado de derecho. Un recurso judicial como el de interpretación abstracta de la Constitución, creado por la Sala Constitucional sin soporte en la Constitución, en ma...

Reglas electorales claras: el objetivo de todo organismo encargado de organizar un torneo comicial

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Alejandro J. Robles Leal

2017-07-01

Full Text Available La importancia de establecer reglas claras y que estas sean conocidas por todos los actores electorales coadyuva al desarrollo exitoso de una contienda electoral. El artículo analiza las sentencias 1532-E1-2017 y 2173-E1-2017 del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones las cuales, en términos generales, han dejado clara la obligación que tienen los partidos políticos de definir las reglas que regirán las contiendas electorales dentro de las agrupaciones políticas.

International criminal tribunals and human rights law: Adherence and contextualization

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zeegers, K.J.

2015-01-01

Given their mandate to prosecute persons responsible for the most atrocious of human rights violations, International Criminal Tribunals (ICTs) are generally hailed as welcome enforcers of international human rights law: a new instrument in the toolkit of human rights protectors. However, ICTs

Mainstreaming Investment Treaty Jurisprudence: The Contribution of Investment Treaty Tribunals to the Consolidation and Development of General International Law

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schill, S.W.B.; Tvede, K.R.

2015-01-01

The use of internal and external precedent has been studied in relation to numerous international courts and tribunals. The participation of investment treaty tribunals in judicial dialogues or judicial cross-fertilization, by contrast, has remained underexplored. The present article closes this gap

La continua fragmentación político electoral costarricense, elecciones 2014

OpenAIRE

Camino, Juan Francisco

2014-01-01

[ES] El 2 de febrero del 2014 se llevó a cabo la décimo séptima elección consecutiva en Costa Rica, donde se eligieron Presidente, Vicepresidentes y 57 Diputados a la Asamblea Legislativa para el período 2014-2018 (Decreto de Convocatoria a Elecciones Generales No. 11; 2013). En esta elección, de acuerdo con los resultados emitidos por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones para las elecciones presidenciales, el ganador fue el Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC), con el 30,64% seguido del gobernante Pa...

Aplicación del principio pro participación en los procesos de renovación de estructuras partidarias

OpenAIRE

Diego González Fernández

2018-01-01

Esta recensión jurisprudencial expone y analiza tres sentencias que el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones emitió y en las que interpretó las normas que regulan el proceso de renovación de las estructuras partidarias a partir del principio pro participación. Con ello, la Autoridad Electoral facilita que la mayor cantidad de partidos políticos, como únicos mediadores legítimos entre el poder político y los ciudadanos, puedan postular candidatos a puestos de elección popular y, por ende, participar ...

THE CONSTITUTIONALITY REVIEW OF TRIBUTARY MATRIX RULE INCIDENCE: THE STJ UNDERSTANDING ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY DECLARED BY THE SUPREME COURT AND THE (IM)POSSIBILITY TO REOPENING THE TIME FOR RECOVERY TAX OVERPAYMENT

OpenAIRE

ANTONIO AUGUSTO BONA ALVES

2014-01-01

O presente trabalho de dissertação tem como objetivo a compreensão do Controle Abstrato e Concentrado de Constitucionalidade, exercido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal via ADI e ADC, sobre a Regra Matriz de Incidência Tributária, enquanto norma geral e abstrata, bem como os efeitos deste tipo de tutela constitucional sobre as relações jurídico-tributárias fundadas na norma tributária objeto de controle. Mais especificamente, tratar-se-á da influência das decisões de mérito que ...

La convocatoria de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente vía Referéndum. Consideraciones de cara al principio de rigidez constitucional

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Owen Alejandro Gooden Morales

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo procura demostrar que la posible aprobación de una ley que convoque a una Asamblea Constituyente por vía de referendo resultaría contraria a los principios de rigidez constitucional y supremacía de la Constitución, los cuales procuró resguardar el constituyente para la preservación del orden constitucional. Para esto, el autor realiza un análisis de las resoluciones del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y de la Sala Constitucional, así como de la doctrina relativa al tema

As razões de flexibilização dos efeitos da decisão de Inconstitucionalalidade.

OpenAIRE

CABRAL, M. F.

2008-01-01

Trata do estudo da questão da decisão de inconstitucionalidade e sua eficácia no tempo proferida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no exercício do controle de constitucionalidade abstrato. Inicia, no Capítulo 1, uma abordagem acerca do Constitucionalismo e da Constituição, destacando, dentre suas características, a imortalidade normativa e a indisponibilidade política. Após, no Capítulo 2, introduz considerações acerca da jurisdição constitucional e alguns modelos de controle de constitucionalida...

Testing detachment of international criminal tribunals: Empirical evidence from the ICTY

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Onderco, M.; Hola, B.; Ruiter, S.

2013-01-01

International criminal tribunals (ICTs) constitute one of the primary examples of international institutions vested with undisputable international authority. The decisions of ICTs are final, binding on the parties to the proceedings and cannot be overturned politically. Given the proliferation of

LA REPRODUCCIÓN ASISTIDA EN EUROPA: LA LABOR ARMONIZADORA DEL TRIBUNAL EUROPEO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS

OpenAIRE

Mª DEL PILAR MOLERO MARTÍN-SALAS

2016-01-01

Uno de los principales avances científicos de las últimas décadas ha sido la reproducción asistida. Ello ha provocado la aparición de nuevos problemas jurídicos que han sido resueltos en Europa por sus Estados miembro de manera heterogénea, convirtiendo la interpretación del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en estos últimos años en necesaria y crucial para entender la regulación europea al respecto. En este trabajo se muestra la labor de interpretación realizada por el Tribunal respec...

Decision-Making Behaviour under the Mental Health Act 1983 and Its Impact on Mental Health Tribunals: An English Perspective

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Nicola Glover-Thomas

2018-03-01

Full Text Available In England and Wales, the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA 1983 provides the legal framework which governs decisions made concerning the care and treatment of those suffering from mental disorders, where they may pose a risk to themselves or others. The perspective of the patient and the care provider may conflict and can be a source of tension and challenge within mental health law. Through access to a mental health tribunal, patients are offered the apparatus to review and challenge their detention. With detention rates under the mental health legislation rising exponentially, this is having a knock-on effect upon tribunal application numbers. As there is a legal requirement to review all cases of individuals detained under the MHA 1983, understanding the key drivers for this increase in detention is essential in order to understand how to better manage both detention rates and the upsurge in tribunal caseloads. With the increase in overall activity, mental health tribunal workloads present significant practical challenges and has downstream cost implications.

O poder dos juízes: Supremo Tribunal Federal e o desenho institucional do Conselho Nacional de Justiça The power of judges: the Supreme Court and the institutional design of the National Council of Justice

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Ernani Carvalho

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo desenvolve o argumento de que o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ, criado no Brasil em 2004, foi fruto de um arranjo político com base na concretização da Reforma do Poder Judiciário. Neste arranjo os interesses do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF prevaleceram sobre os demais e, por consequência, o resultado da emenda constitucional de número 45 foi um CNJ dirigido por integrantes da Corte maior brasileira. Para sua consecução utilizamos uma revisão da literatura especializada e análise de dados. O argumento é desenvolvido a partir da lógica de que aprovar um desenho institucional do CNJ atrelado aos interesses do STF é a melhor estratégia a ser desenvolvida pelos membros da Corte. Isto pode ser justificado por: 1 Os juízes do STF são importantes atores políticos; 2 A existência de uma independência judicial garantida por prerrogativas institucionais reforça ainda mais sua importância política; 3 Sistemas políticos com alto grau de fragmentação aumentam a probabilidade dos juízes (do STF emplacarem seus interesses; 4 A existência do mecanismo de revisão judicial amplia o grau de influência das Supremas Cortes e 5 Por fim, a existência de mecanismos informais de persuasão facilitam o êxito dos juízes do STF. A partir do caso estudado podemos constatar que: o desenho institucional brasileiro, que potencializa a possibilidade de intervenção judicial no processo decisório, e o sistema político altamente fragmentado geraram, em grande medida, uma Suprema Corte (STF poderosa e centralizadora do policy-making Judiciário, se tornando, neste aspecto, uma terceira câmara do processo decisório.This article argues that the National Council of Justice (CNJ, created in Brazil in 2004, was the result of a political arrangement based on the achievement of the Reform of the Judiciary. In this arrangement the interests of the Federal Supreme Court (STF prevailed over the others and therefore the result of a

Lo registral civil desde lo electoral

OpenAIRE

Arlette Bolaños Barquero

2018-01-01

En este trabajo se aborda la naturaleza jurídica del Registro Civil de Costa Rica y se intenta proveer elementos para comprender la decisión de los constituyentes, en 1949, acerca de su adscripción en definitiva al Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (también lo llamaremos TSE) y de cómo, con el devenir del tiempo y en la práctica actual, se ha estrechado la relación e interdependencia entre este organismo y el TSE, para la correcta ejecución de las tareas que se deben cumplir en las diferentes di...

Transformaciones en el sistema de cédulas y su impacto

OpenAIRE

Óscar Fernando Mena Carvajal

2018-01-01

Breve reseña del trayecto histórico del documento de identidad costarricense desde 1923 año de su primera emisión, hasta su última modificación en 2016. El artículo expone cómo nació el documento de identidad y la participación activa del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en su modernización, integración de elementos de seguridad y el mejoramiento en el servicio de expedición de la cédula, con base en la competencia otorgada en la Constitución Política vigente desde 1949.

Reflexões acerca da modulação de efeitos: decisões proferidas pelo STF em matéria tributária

OpenAIRE

Farias, Érika Dias Machado Costa de

2011-01-01

Atualmente tem-se verificado grande número de julgados contendo a modulação de efeitos da decisão de inconstitucionalidade em matéria tributária no Supremo Tribunal Federal, conforme disposto do artigo 27 da Lei 9.868/99. Para o exame do tema, faz-se uma análise das teorias da anulabilidade e nulidade. A modulação dos efeitos temporais é uma forma de atenuação à teoria da nulidade do ato inconstitucional, pois impede a adoção de eficácia retroativa das decisões de inconstitu...

Guatemala y los retos de las elecciones 2015

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Carmen Ortiz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene como objetivo resaltar los retos que a criterio de su autora, son especialmente relevantes de cara al proceso electoral 2015 en Guatemala, en el cual se elegirán presidente, diputados y autoridades municipales. Se valoran las experiencias de 2007 y 2011, sus avances y dificultades con la finalidad de llamar la atención de los nuevos magistrados electos, sobre aquellos aspectos que requieren mayor atención en aras de salvaguardar la integridad del proceso, así como de mejorar la imagen del Tribunal Supremo Electoral.

THE GUARDIAN OF THE CONSTITUTION IN BRAZIL: THE BASIS AND THE MEANING OF SUPREME FEDERAL COURT POWER

OpenAIRE

PAULO LOUREIRO PHILBOIS

2012-01-01

O presente estudo tem por objeto analisar o guardião da Constituição no Brasil, partindo da análise das bases teóricas, da história do controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro e mesmo das críticas ao modelo consagrado na Constituição de 1988. Desse modo, o trabalho pretende investigar como o Supremo Tribunal Federal tornou-se o guardião da Constituição brasileira, bem como, através de análise jurisprudencial, o que a referida Corte extrai de tão relevante competência. T...

The Brazilian Audit Tribunal's role in improving the federal environmental licensing process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, Luiz Henrique; Magrini, Alessandra

2010-01-01

This article describes the role played by the Brazilian Audit Tribunal (Tribunal de Contas da Uniao - TCU) in the external auditing of environmental management in Brazil, highlighting the findings of an operational audit conducted in 2007 of the federal environmental licensing process. Initially, it records the constitutional and legal framework of Brazilian environmental licensing, describing the powers and duties granted to federal, state and municipal institutions. In addition, it presents the responsibilities of the TCU in the environmental area, comparing these with those of other Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI) that are members of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI). It also describes the work carried out in the operational audit of the Brazilian environmental licensing process and its main conclusions and recommendations. Finally, it draws a parallel between the findings and recommendations made in Brazil with those of academic studies and audits conducted in other countries.

Análisis del fallo del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la píldora del día después

OpenAIRE

Andrés Bordalí Salamanca; Yanira Zúñiga Añazco

2009-01-01

Los autores analizan críticamente la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional relativa a la anticoncepción de emergencia, centrando su análisis, por una parte, en el rol del tribunal en el juego de poderes democráticos, y por otra, en la omisión de las mujeres como un sujeto de derechos relevante en la sentencia.

La motivación del veredicto en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo

OpenAIRE

Vegas Torres, Jaime

2006-01-01

1. Introducción. 2. Alcance de la exigencia de motivación del veredicto. 2.1. Extensión de la motivación. 2.1.1. Hechos no controvertidos. 2.1.2. Hechos que el jurado encuentra no probados. 2.2. Profundidad de la motivación. 2.2.1. Admisibilidad de la explicación conjunta de todas las respuestas del jurado a las cuestiones del objeto del veredicto. 2.2.2. Contenido de la motivación. 3. Motivación del veredicto y prueba por indicios. 3.1. Motivación del veredicto basado en prueba de indicios. ...

Case note: Supreme Court (Netherlands) [HR] (Spaans v Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, Final appeal judgment, Case No 12627: Decision No LJN: AC9158)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brölmann, C.

2012-01-01

Subject(s): Privileges — Immunity from jurisdiction, international organizations — International courts and tribunals, admissibility — Compensation — International courts and tribunals, admissibility of claims. Core Issue(s): Whether under customary international law an international organization

Provisions on waiting periods in international investment protection treaties and their impact on the jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals

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Đundić Petar

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Provisions on so-called waiting periods in international investment protection treaties give an investor from one contracting state an opportunity to initiate arbitration against the host state provided that the time designated by the treaty from the date on which the dispute arose has elapsed. The aim of those provisions is to enable parties to the dispute to use this time for consultations and attempt to reach a negotiated settlement. The paper analyzes the attitude of contemporary arbitral practice towards the legal nature and effect of those provisions on tribunals' jurisdiction in investment disputes. The analysis shows gradual and clear shift of position taken by the tribunals in cases in which claimants did not comply with waiting periods. Because arbitral tribunals today are more resolved to penalize premature submission of the dispute to arbitration than they were one decade ago, in the future one can expect much more cautious conduct of potential claimants in this regard.

Compensation for the victims of the Marshall Islands nuclear testing programme: the Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Briscoe, W.

1992-01-01

The Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal was established in 1988 pursuant to legislation enacted by the Republic of the Marshall Islands as part of its obligations under the Compact of Free Association between it and the United States (ratified 1986) and an associated Compact implementation agreement. The Tribunal is generally considered to be the last hope for compensation for a large number of Marshallese who claim to have suffered injury or damage as a result of the United States Nuclear Testing Programme in the Marshall Islands, 1946 - 1958. Under the Compact, the United States admitted liability for injuries and damages suffered by Marshallese as a result of the Testing Programme and made provision for the payment of compensation. In return, the Republic agreed to espouse, on behalf of it and its citizens, all current and future claims for compensation against the United States. The Tribunal has been given a most challenging and unique assignment: - to identify and compensate the victims of the Testing Programme, with a potentially limited sum of money, an indefinite number of victims, and with cultural, environmental and political circumstances which are not altogether conducive to Western concepts associated with compensating people for damages and personal injuries suffered as a result of a wrongful act. The paper will describe the Tribunal's role in compensating the victims of the Testing Programme. It will highlight a number of legal, social and cultural difficulties in establishing and operating a scheme to compensate people for damages and injuries suffered or commenced up to forty years previously. (author)

The politics of international law and compliance : Serbia, Croatia and The Hague Tribunal

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rajkovic, Nikolas

2012-01-01

Leading the debate on the domestic effect of the growing influence of international adjudication, this invaluable text examines Serbia and Croatia's erratic record of compliance with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Since the demise of the Milosevic and Tudjman

The Indian power sector - Role of appellate tribunal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bajaj, Harbans; Sharma, Deepak

2010-09-15

India's electricity-supply industry mainly owned and operated by the public sector has been facing endemic energy and peaking shortages with huge commercial losses. Power sector reforms initiated in 1990s culminated with enactment of The Electricity Act, 2003 is briefly discussed here. Appellate Tribunal for Electricity - a unique feature of the Act - constituted to redress grievances of stakeholders has set ground rules for the power sector having harmonizing effect on the various power sector issues and have reduced the element of uncertainty which was prevalent hitherto fore as revealed by the several case studies this paper presents.

Las implicaciones de la era tecnológica en el Derecho Registral Civil costarricense

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Luis Bolaños Bolaños

2010-07-01

Full Text Available A partir de los conceptos y construcciones prácticas del Derecho Registral Civil, el artículo pretende, de la forma más práctica posible, dar a conocer el nuevo norte del Derecho Registral Civil en nuestro país, al describir los logros, esfuerzos y proyectos que el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones ha desarrollado al incorporar las nuevas tecnologías en el registro de los hechos vitales. Pone especial interés en los cambios en los envíos de los datos registrales a la Institución y la forma de darles publicidad.

Maçonaria: associação de pessoas ou templo para fins de imunidade tributária

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Silva, Denise Viana França da

2013-01-01

Trata-se da avaliação do instituto da imunidade tributária, prevista no Texto Constitucional no artigo 150, inciso VI, alínea b, o qual versa sobre a imunidade dos templos de qualquer culto. Ademais, será estudado o Recurso Extraordinário nº 562.351/RS o qual discorre sobre a previsão de beneficio tributário (isenção de IPTU) a Loja Maçonica Grande Oriente do Rio Grande do Sul. O Supremo Tribunal Federal entendeu que a imunidade dos templos não abrange a maçonaria, vez que esta...

Diálogos hermenêuticos em Direitos Humanos: em busca da(s) pergunta(s) adequadas(s) para a aplicação dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos no Brasil

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Ferreira, Rafael Fonseca

2015-01-01

A temática da tese é a relação entre Constituição e Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos como expressão de internacionalização do Direito. A tese dedicou-se a elaboração de uma proposta de solução à problemática de como estabelecer outra racionalidade capaz de responder a dificuldade do emprego da visão hierárquico-normativa (difundida na doutrina e no Supremo Tribunal Federal) na relação Constituição-Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos, com direta repercussão no âmbito pragmát...

Ubutabera : Facts and case files from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bouwknegt, Thijs Bastiaan; van der Heijde, Hannah

2017-01-01

Twenty-two years ago, immediately after the genocide in Rwanda, the United Nations set up the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (UN/ICTR). In December 2015, the Appeals Chamber rendered the tribunal’s last decision in the case of the ‘Butare 6’. Meanwhile, some ‘residual’ work has been

Clear and compelling evidence: the Polish tribunal on abortion rights.

Science.gov (United States)

Girard, Françoise; Nowicka, Wanda

2002-05-01

On 25 July 2001 the Polish Federation for Women and Family Planning organised a Tribunal on Abortion Rights in Warsaw, to publicize the negative consequences of the criminalization of abortion in Poland. A panel of Polish and foreign experts heard the testimonials of seven Polish women's experiences under the 1993 "Anti-Abortion Act". Only two of the seven women were able to tell their stories in person. One died in 2001, at the age of 21, of an unsafe abortion. One is legally blind after having carried her last pregnancy to term. One is in prison for infanticide, which in all likelihood was committed by her boyfriend. National and foreign journalists were in attendance, as well as observers from all walks of life--writers, students, mothers, activists, feminists, husbands. The evidence was clear and compelling. Restrictive abortion laws make abortion unsafe by pushing it underground, endanger women's health, create a climate where even those services that are allowed by law-become unavailable, and contravene standards set by international human rights law. The restrictive abortion law in Poland has not increased the number of births; it has only caused women and their families suffering. The Tribunal brought the issue of abortion into the media prior to an election campaign and galvanised Polish and other Eastern European women's groups to become more active in defence of abortion rights.

El derecho a la vivienda en Europa : deberes prositivos y derechos exigibles (según la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos

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Padraic Kenna

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo expone el desarrollo experimentado en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos respecto de la perspectiva de los derechos humanos como obligaciones positivas en el contexto de la vivienda. En este sentido, se traza la evolución desde el concepto liberal tradicional de los derechos de carácter negativo, pasando por la influencia de los modelos de Estado de bienestar durante la posguerra, hasta el Estado contemporáneo, desde 1980. El estudio, cuyo eje viene constituido por los derechos de propiedad, se centra en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Se destaca el articulado del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, centrándose en los artículos, 3, 6 y 8, así como en las obligaciones positivas que de ellos se derivan. El autor presta especial atención a determinados artículos del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre los que el Tribunal ha fijado obligaciones positivas. El autor concluye que el tribunal tiene aún una larga tarea respecto de la redefinición de las obligaciones positivas referentes a los derechos de vivienda, debiéndose basar en la valiosa jurisprudencia del Consejo de Europa.

KONVERGENSI MEDIA SURAT KABAR LOKAL (Studi Deskriptif Pemanfaatan Internet Pada Koran Tribun Jogja dalam Membangun Industri Media Cetak Lokal

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Khadziq Khadziq

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak Persaingan media dan perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK yang membawa tren baru dalam dunia industri komunikasi. Instrument untuk menghadapinya adalah konvergensi yang berorientasi pada kepentingan konsumen dan pemilik media. Media yang telah terkonvergensi juga berpengaruh terhadap besarnya kepentingan ekonomi politik dalam penerapan konvergensi. Pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara mendalam serta kajian literatur. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa strategi 3M (Multimedia, Multichannel dan Multiplatform digunakan Tribun Jogja menjadi salah satu alternative strategi untuk menerapkan konvergensi dan mentransformasikan dirinya menuju full convergence. Sedangkan pada ekonomi politik nya terlihat bahwa melalui penerapan konvergensi media ini, maka dengan komodifikasi yaitu adanya pengambilan dan penyeragaman konten di antara sesama media yang berada di bawah jaringan Tribun akan mendapatkan keuntungan melalui pasokan pengiklan, begitu pula spasialisasi yang memungkinkan penyaluran konten berita secara realtime dapat mengurangi biaya tenaga kerja, administratif, dan material. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah konvergensi yang dilakukan adalah konvergensi kontekstual yaitu konvergensi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi budaya perusahaan dan masyarakat. Ini terbukti konvergensi dapat terlaksana tanpa melakukan perubahan radikal dengan menyatukan newsroom cetak dan online, media sudah dapat melakukan konvergensi. Kata-kata kunci: Konvergensi media, Rangkaian Konvergensi, Ekonomi politik media dan Tribun Jogja Abstract Media competition and the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT, which brings a new trend in the world of the communications industry. Instrument to deal with it is the convergence oriented to the interests of consumers and media owners. Media who had converged also affect the amount of economic and political interests in the application

Performance and institucional identity: the Electoral Tribunal in the 2000 electoral alternance Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

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Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA

2010-07-01

Full Text Available In this article we want to analyse the work made by the "Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF" and its relation, in its grade and identity, within the presidential elections on the July 2sd, 2000. Our hypothesis is that TEPJF had started an institutional blackmail, which put several doubts on the process, and could limit the democratic advances built until today but also generate a post electoral conflict with political instability consequences in the country.Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" institucional que marcó la incertidumbre del proceso, pudo limitar los avances democratizadores construidos hasta la fecha, y generar un conflicto postelectoral con consecuencias para la estabilidad política del país.

La conservación de los fondos del Archivo del Tribunal Militar Territorial Segundo

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Joaquín Gil Honduvilla

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo describe el proceso por el que los fondos del archivo del Tribunal Militar Territorial Segundo fueron objeto de un convenio colaboración entre el Ministerio de Defensa, la Consejería de la Presidencia de la Junta de Andalucía y la Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces para su informatización y conservación. Se muestra la importancia del archivo, así como su organización y la legislación por la que se rige. El interés de la administración autonómica por colaborar en la ordenación de esta documentación no puede disociarse tampoco del proceso de recuperación de memoria histórica que existe actualmente en nuestra sociedad._____________________ABSTRACT:This work describes the process which led to the fact that the funds of the archive of the Tribunal Militar Territorial Segundo (The Second Territorial Military Tribunal became the object of a collaboration agreement between the Ministry of Defence, the Consejería de la Presidencia (Regional Ministry of Presidency of Junta de Andalucía and the Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces (Centre of Andalusian Studies Foundation concerning its computerisation and maintenance. The paper shows the importance of the archive, as well as its organisation and the laws it is subject to. The interest of the autonomous public administration in collaborating in the organisation of that documentation cannot be separated from the process of recuperation of the historical memory which is present in our society today.  

The heritage of the Nuremberg tribunal

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Jovašević Dragan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available As a system of legal rules contained in the documents of the international community and in the national (internal criminal legislation, the International Criminal Law envisages the criminal liability and punishment for a vast number of international crimes. These criminal acts imply a violation of laws of war and customs of warfare (the International Humanitarian Law as well as the acts of disturbing or endangering peace among nations and the security of mankind. The contemporary International Criminal Law envisages the most severe forms of punishment and penal measures for these criminal offences. The perpetrators of these crimes are, in certain cases, subject to the primary jurisdiction of one of international criminal court (supranational authorities, such as the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. In this paper, the author analyzes the importance of the Nuremberg court for the development of international criminal law, including the notion and characteristics of international crimes and the principles of criminal liability.

Performance and institucional identity: the Electoral Tribunal in the 2000 electoral alternance Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

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Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA; David H. CORROCHANO

2010-01-01

In this article we want to analyse the work made by the "Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF)" and its relation, in its grade and identity, within the presidential elections on the July 2sd, 2000. Our hypothesis is that TEPJF had started an institutional blackmail, which put several doubts on the process, and could limit the democratic advances built until today but also generate a post electoral conflict with political instability consequences in the country.Analiza...

RECURSO AO LEGISLADOR: CONSIDERAÇÕES EM TORNO DO CONTROLE LEGISLATIVO AO PODER JUDICIÁRIO (UM EPITÁFIO À PEC Nº33)

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Dettmam, Deborah; Matos, Nelson Juliano Cardoso

2017-01-01

Este artigo discute se o recurso ao povo ou ao legislador, como instrumento de resolução dos conflitos entre os poderes, viola a separação de poderes e a independência do poder judiciário ou se, antes disso, dá fiel execução à separação de poderes. Para alcançar esse objetivo, esse artigo investiga se existe relação entre o recurso ao legislador e os regimes autoritários; se a Constituição Federal de 1988 proíbe outro guardião constitucional, que não o Supremo Tribunal Federal, e quais as con...

Mental incapacity defenses at the War Crimes Tribunal: questions and controversy.

Science.gov (United States)

Sparr, Landy F

2005-01-01

Following a report from the Secretary General in May 1993, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 827 and its Statute establishing an International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) located in The Hague, The Netherlands. Although such action has been discussed in the past, this is the first time the international community has established a tribunal to indict and try individuals for war crimes. The crimes had been previously "created" by multilateral international treaties. The ICTY Rules of Procedure and Evidence allowed for "any special defense, including that of diminished or lack of mental responsibility." Precise legal parameters of the defense were not specified. In 1998, a defendant at the ICTY "Celebici" Trial named Esad Landzo raised the defense of diminished mental responsibility. The Celebici Trial Chamber thus became the first legal body to consider reduced mental capacity as it applies to international criminal law. This article is an examination of the application of the affirmative defense of diminished responsibility at the ICTY and relates the process to the need for further definition of mental incapacity defenses at the newly established International Criminal Court (ICC). At the ICC preparatory commission, drafting material elements of crimes was emphasized, with less consideration given to mental elements. That diminished capacity and diminished-responsibility defenses have often confused scholars and practitioners alike is explored in this article with suggestions for further directions.

La detención preventiva y la libertad personal en la práctica del Tribunal Especial para el Líbano

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Francesco Agnello

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The present article analyzes the order CH/PTJ/09/06, issued by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, on 29 April 2009, in terms of pre-trial detention, personal freedom, presumption of innocence and right to a fair and expeditious trial. From this point of view the article extend the reflection in considering the principal acts delivered by the Tribunal – Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Rules on Detention, Prosecutor’s applications and Pre-Trial Judge’s decisions – appraising its deep and concrete contribution in human rights protection.

Acomodo razonable en Canadá y discriminación indirecta en Europa como garantía del principio de igualdad

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Ángeles Solanes

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Este artículo lleva a cabo un estudio comparado entre la noción de acomodo razonable desarrollada por el Tribunal Supremo de Canadá y la de discriminación indirecta utilizada por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, aplicadas ambas en contextos multiculturales como garantía del principio de igualdad. El análisis del recorrido jurisprudencial de ambos tribunales, a través de casos que pueden considerarse paradigmáticos, permite estudiar el criterio de razonabilidad. Se ahonda así en los límites de estos instrumentos como, por una parte, la carga excesiva y el interés preponderante del Estado, y por otra, la proporcionalidad y el margen de apreciación estatal. Con ello, se apuesta por la necesidad inaplazable de articular políticas de gestión de la diferencia que hagan de ella un valor positivo, en lugar de un problema a gestionar. Al mismo tiempo, se aboga por conceptos que permitan llegar a la igualdad efectiva en el uso y disfrute de los derechos, fortaleciendo la pluralidad democrática que requieren las sociedades actuales.

A constituição de 1988, vinte anos depois: suprema corte e ativismo judicial "à brasileira" The Brazilian 1988 constitution twenty years on: supreme court and activism in a "Brazilian mode"

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Marcos Paulo Verissimo

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo examina as transformações por que vem passando o Supremo Tribunal Federal nos últimos anos, relacionando-as à sua reconfiguração institucional ocorrida por ocasião da Constituição de 1988. essas transformações são apresentadas como respostas a um duplo fenômeno (impulsionado por essa mesma reconfiguração institucional de incremento do papel político do tribunal, por um lado, e de sobrecarga extraordinária de seu volume de trabalho, por outro. Essa tensão reflete no modelo misto de controle de constitucionalidade no Brasil e parece apontar para mudanças iminentes nesse mesmo modelo, algumas das quais já vêm sendo concebidas pelo próprio tribunal.The Brazilian Supreme Court is currently changing. This process of change seems to aim at solving a important contradiction caused by the institutional redesign of the court in the 1988 Constitution that, on the one hand, has transformed it into one of the country's major political actors, but, on the other hand, has also caused its dockets to get incredibly overloaded, forcing the court to deal with more then 100,000 cases a year. The solution for such paradox will probably lead to changes in the Brazilian mixed model of judicial review, and some of these changes are already been conceived by the jurisprudence of the court itself.

TEORIA DA DESCOBERTA INEVITÁVEL: QUANDO A ILICITUDE DA PROVA É ÚTIL AO DEVIDO PROCESSO LEGAL.TEORIA DA DESCOBERTA INEVITÁVEL: QUANDO A ILICITUDE DA PROVA É ÚTIL AO DEVIDO PROCESSO LEGAL

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Alessandra Rapacci Mascarenhas Prado

2017-06-01

Full Text Available A Constituição Federal brasileira veda a utilização de provas ilícitas e suas derivadas no processo penal. Enquanto dispositivo do Código de Processo Penal, com base na teoria da descoberta inevitável, permite a valoração de provas ilícita em determinados casos. Questiona-se, portanto, se a vedação pode ser relativizada quando confrontada com a presunção da inocência e direito à liberdade. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar se, de fato, e em que medida, esta teoria respeita direitos e garantias fundamentais. A metodologia empregada foi a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental (julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal.

La reforma realizada en el año 2002 al artículo 195 de la constitución política: La posibilidad de someter a referéndum una reforma constitucional

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Esteban Alfaro Calderón

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Análisis de la reforma realizada al inciso 8 del artículo 195 de la Constitución Política en el año 2002; sobre la posibilidad de someter a referéndum las reformas constitucionales después de ser aprobadas en una legislatura y antes de la siguiente, esto si dos terceras partes de los miembros de la Asamblea así lo acuerdan. Hace un estudio desde la perspectiva de quienes la apoyan, así como de sus detractores. Adicionalmente realiza una investigación de doctrina y jurisprudencia de la Sala Constitucional y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, en lo que al referéndum y al principio de participación se refiere.

La inclusión: mecanismo para dar contenido a los Derechos Humanos. El caso de Costa Rica

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Arturo Fournier Facio

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Expone la experiencia de Costa Rica en el proceso de inclusión, no solo de la población con discapacidad sino, también, de las minorías étnicas como lo son los grupos indígenas del país; en los procesos sociales, como lo son la educación, el trabajo y el derecho a elegir y se electo. Ofrece una especial explicación de los esfuerzos realizados por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en el cumplimiento de la Ley de Igualdad de Oportunidades de las Personas con Discapacidad, al crear un programa electoral específico que permita la equiparación del derecho al sufragio de esta población

El régimen electoral en la Constitución de 1949

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Luis Antonio Sobrado González

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza el régimen electoral costarricense sobre la base de tres líneas de evolución que confluyen en la Constitución Política de 1949, a saber: la democratización de los procesos electorales, la institucionalización de esos procesos -con la creación del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones- y la partidización de los mismos. Evolución que ha sido factor crucial para la historia democrática costarricense de las últimas seis décadas, caracterizada por una ininterrumpida vigencia democrática en lo electoral, altas tasas de participación ciudadana y una elevada adhesión de los costarricenses a las instituciones republicanas.

Elecciones presidenciales 2006: una aproximación a los actores del proceso

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Recalde , Paulina

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda las elecciones presidenciales de 2006 en Ecuador a partir del análisis de los escenarios y actores principales. A más de los dos candidatos finalistas, Rafael Correa y Álvaro Noboa (con propuestas y concepciones del país totalmente antagónicas, las elecciones tuvieron como protagonistas a un Tribunal Supremo Electoral, organismo rector del proceso bajo sospecha, a encuestas de intención de voto, como idealizados referentes, y a medios de comunicación figurando en actividades proselitistas. Estos se interrelacionaron en dos tipos de escenarios en los que se desarrolló el proceso electoral: el del status quo y el de la reforma política.

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000 Performance and institucional identity: the Electoral Tribunal in the 2000 electoral alternance

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Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA; David H. CORROCHANO

2010-01-01

Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF) relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" ...

El Tribunal Constitucional como “supremo intérprete” de la Ley de Aguas

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Francisco Balaguer Callejón

2011-10-01

Full Text Available In the STC 30/2011 nothing is as it should be, if viewed from a legal standpoint.The control of constitutionality over the Statute of Autonomy becomesa matter of plain legal control, twisting the line followed to date by theConstitutional Court to demarcate powers between State and autonomouscommunities. It also blurs the borders between material and formal controlof constitutionality. Material control is not justified by itself but by formalcontrol, which in turn refers ultimately to material control in a circular andtautologous argument lacking all real content. All this revolves around itsalleged connection with the Court’s earlier doctrine, especially with the STC227/1988, which becomes absolutely twisted both methodologically and substantively.The distortion results in a legal reasoning which, for all the continuousappeals of STC 227/1988 to the Statutes of Autonomy as referencestandards for constitutional interpretation as regards the demarcation ofpowers, is based solely on State water law and which, compared to constitutionallyacceptable range of criteria as in STC 227/1988, hinges only uponthat of watershed as established by State water law. The result is that theconstitutional status of the Autonomy Statute is downplayed, even furtherdown than the status of plain law, as derived from STC 31/2010, given thatit is subjected to the determinations of the “State water lawmaker” andgiven that the Constitutional Court is downplayed as well as “supreme interpreter”of Water Law, all this to settle a constitutional issue which, whicheverthe court decision may have been, should have been taken on parametersdifferent from the ones it was built on. The Court should haveconducted its own opinion on the constitutionality of art. 51 of the Statueof Autonomy according to the material criteria in Water Law -not becausethey were contained therein but because they were constitutionally permissible-and any others drawn from the Constitution and based on the logic,the technology and the experience to which the STC 227/1988 appealed, witha teleological inspiration and taking into account the change in the block ofconstitutionality effected by the lawmaker of the statute of autonomy, whichis also State lawmaker. These criteria may have allowed for a different opinionbased on the assessment of the Constitutional Court itself and the analysisof all the elements constitutionally liable and because of that, due toproper consideration.

A informalidade como forma: os acordos no fazer judicial do Tribunal do Júri.

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Izabel Saenger Nuñez

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo:  O presente paper trata dos acordos informais, entre defesa e acusação, que acontecem nos processos em trâmite no Tribunal do Júri. A análise desses mecanismos informais mostra como os processos são administrados e fala sobre a “sensibilidade jurídica” inquisitorial presente no “fazer judicial” brasileiro. Analisar os “acordos” informais e a maneira como eles se estabelecem mostra como as decisões formais no processo judicial são, muitas vezes, informadas por “valores morais” e “moralidades situacionais” em contexto e determinam a ação dos agentes no campo. Para sustentar meu argumento, portanto, parto da descrição de três “acordos” presenciados em audiências de instrução e julgamento e um caso de estupro, no qual não houve acordo, embora houvesse “convergência moral” quanto ao seu desfecho. Palavras-chave: Tribunal do Júri; Moralidades; Valores Morais; Interação  *** Resumen: Este artículo trata sobre los "acuerdos" informales entre defensa y acusación que ocurren en los casos en trámite en el Tribunal do Juri. El análisis de estos mecanismos informales da cuenta, en primer lugar, de la administración judcial de los casos y, en segundo lugar, de la presencia de la "sensiblidad jurídica" inquisitorial en el "hacer judicial" brasileño. Analizar los "acuerdos" informales y la forma como ellos se establecen muestra cómo las decisiones formales en el proceso judicial son, frecuentemente, informadas por "valores morales" y "moralidades situacionales" construídas en un contexto particular, las cuales determinan la acción de los agentes en el campo. Para dar cuenta de ello, describo tres "acuerdos" observados en audiencias de "instrucción" y "juicio" en un caso de violación, en el cual no hubo acuerdo consenso a pesar de existir "convergencia moral" en relación a su desenlace. Palabras clave: Tribunal do Juri, Moralidades situacionales, Valores morales, Interacción  *** Abstract

Elementos de la soberanía y del tribunal penal internacional

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Scalquette, Rodrigo Arnoni

2007-01-01

Com o título de Elementos da Soberania e do Tribunal Penal Internacional procuramos demonstrar a ligação e pontos conflitantes entre o poder soberano e a Corte Internacional Criminal. No capítulo I, abordamos o conceito de soberania e seu enfoque de concepção política, realizado por Jean Bodin. Vimos o Estado-Leviatã de Thomas Hobbes e a soberania inalienável e indivisível de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A relação entre Umberto Campagnolo e seu professor, Hans Kelsen, também foi abordada, nota...

Identidad institucional. El Tribunal Electoral ante las elecciones presidenciales de 2000

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David H. Corrochano

2001-01-01

En este artículo analizamos la identidad del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF en la coyuntura electoral del 2000, porque sirve como ejemplo de una institución sin identidad, que oscila entre evocaciones positivas y negativas, que se vio en una situación crítica (lo que podemos llamar un "escándalo institucional". La dificultad de la sociedad para diferenciar a esta institución de otras puso en peligro la estabilidad del sistema polÌtico mexicano y la confianza en el proceso de cambio democratizador.

Relationship between the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in respect of the adjudication of genocide

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Kreća Milenko

2015-01-01

Full Text Available By opting for the approach based on the dichotomy of individual criminal responsibility for the act of genocide and the responsibility of the State in both the Bosnian and Croatian Genocide cases, the International Court of Justice enabled the establishment of a jurisprudential connection with the judgments of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. After outlining the reasons for adopting such an approach, which are classified as both positive and negative, the author offers an extensive analysis of the differences between the ICJ and ICTY, stressing the necessity to take these differences into account when considering the interconnection between the 'World Court' and the ICTY as a specialized tribunal. The paper focuses on the need for a balanced and critical approach to the jurisprudence of the ICTY as regards genocide, by differentiating between the Tribunal s factual and legal findings. The author insists that a substantive criterion, not a formal one, must be applied with a view to the proper assessment of the factual findings of the Tribunal in accordance with the standards of judicial reasoning of the ICJ. As regards the treatment of the ICTY's legal findings which relate to genocide, it is stressed that their uncritical acceptance would compromise the determination of the relevant rules of the Genocide Convention by the Court. Namely, the law applied by the ICTY as regards the crime of genocide is not equivalent to the relevant law established by the Convention and may be understood as its progressive development rather than its application.

Defining Terrorism at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon

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Prakash Puchooa

2011-11-01

Full Text Available On 16 February 2011, the Appeals Chamber of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL issued an interlocutory decision regarding the legal definition of terrorism.This decision was in response to a Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC list of questions requesting,' inter alia', an elaboration of the elements of this crime.In exploring this matter, the Appeals Chamber defined the subjective ('mens rea' and objective elements ('actus reus' of terrorism by referring to domestic Lebanese law and international law. It thereby set out the applicable law for the court. The consequence of this decision however is not limited to the law of STL but may be seen as having far-reaching consequences for the conception of terrorism under both international law and International Criminal Law (ICL. Given the significance of the Appeals Chamber judgment, this paper will scrutinise three areas of concern regarding its propriety:

The Permanent People’s Tribunals and indigenous people’s struggles in Mexico : Between coloniality and epistemic justice?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

R.A. Icaza Garza (Rosalba)

2015-01-01

markdownabstractOn 21 October 2011, hundreds of Mexican civil society organizations formally submitted a petition to the Lelio e Lisli Basso Foundation in Rome to justify the opening of a Mexican Chapter of the Permanent People’s Tribunals (PPT). The PPT was established in 1979 as the successor to

A Constitucionalidade do Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil

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Janaina Pontes Cerqueira

2016-05-01

Full Text Available A escassez de profissionais médicos em determinadas áreas no Brasil é tema que sempre mereceu atenção especial do Estado. O Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil, implementado por meio da Medida Provisória nº 621, de 8 de julho de 2013, autoriza a atuação de médicos estrangeiros sob regime especial de aperfeiçoamento profissional no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, na Atenção Básica, possibilitando a cobertura médica assistencial em  regiões prioritárias e vulneráveis do país, e foi fruto de questionamento judicial junto ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, por meio de ação direta de inconstitucionalidade, que colocou em confronto os limites constitucionais de autorização para essa forma de atuação profissional. O estudo objetivou identificar os argumentos jurídicos utilizados pelos diversos atores que atuaram nas ADINs 5035-DF e 5037-DF, notadamente no que se refere ao Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil, ajuizadas no Supremo Tribunal Federal e analisá-los à luz da Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais de Robert Alexy. Os resultados apontam que o Projeto, na sua estruturação legal, encontra legitimidade na medida em que não se confunde com a abertura de mercado de trabalho, institui regime específico de atuação profissional, com garantias essenciais dos indivíduos, atenta para diretrizes de cooperação internacional em saúde da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS e demonstra eficácia social com a concreta ampliação de acesso da população na cobertura assistencial até que medidas conjunturais e estruturantes da formação médica no Brasil sejam implementadas e alcancem resultados diretos à população usuária do SUS.

Legitimidade e governabilidade na regulação do sistema financeiro Legitimacy and governability in financial regulation

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Ademir Antonio Pereira Júnior

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A relação entre direito e economia pode resultar numa oposição entre governabilidade e legitimidade legal-racional, uma vez que se baseiam em diferentes racionalidades. A revisão judicial da regulação do sistema financeiro evidencia esse conflito, observado neste trabalho sob a perspectiva da jurisprudência constitucional do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF. O objetivo deste trabalho resume-se então em identificar o conflito entre governabilidade e a exigência de legitimidade legal das decisões analisadas pela corte no que concerne à regulação financeira. O estudo de casos evidencia que o STF tem rejeitado argumentos econômicos, entretanto, tem preservado a lógica da governabilidade com decisões contraditórias e incoerentes pautadas em argumentos formais. Dessa forma, possível identificar o papel institucional conferido pelo STF à Constituição Federal de 1988, considerando o contexto das crises econômicas vividas pelo Brasil a partir da metade da década de 1980 e sua nova conformação a partir da Emenda Constitucional n. 40.The relation between law and economics might result in an opposition between governability and legal-rational legitimacy, since they are based in different rationalities. Judicial review of financial regulation shows that coflict, which is here analysed from the viewpoint of the constitutional jurisprudence of the Brazilian Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF. In brief, the purpose of this article is to identify the oppostion between governability and the need for legal-legitimacy in the cases analysed by the court concerning financial regulation. The case studies show that the judicial review by STF has rejected economic aspects of the case, however it has preserved governability rationality with incoherent and contradictory decisions based on formal arguments. Thereby, it is possible to identify the institutional role granted by stf to the Brazilian Constitution dated from 1988, considering

The Role of International Criminal Tribunals in Shaping the Historical Accounts of Genocide

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aksenova, Marina

2017-01-01

An international consensus on the need to prosecute and punish mass atrocities is arguably the strongest evidence of the existence of the global collective consciousness. The Nuremberg Tribunal challenged traditional world order centering on states and their intentions and overlooking abuses...... domestic criminal law process. It was rather a way of expressing international outrage with Germany’s aggression through judicial means. Ever since this historic shift occurred, the field of international criminal law has been increasingly vested with the mounting number of objectives – deterrence...

La Transparencia Administrativa y el Derecho de Accesso a la Información Pública en Constitucionalismo Periférico de Brasil: Bancos Públicos y Beneficios Privados en el Fallo de caso BNDES.

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Leonel Pires Ohlweiler

2016-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se investiga el tema de la transparencia administrativa y el acceso a la información pública. El caso del Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social juzgado por el Tribunal Supremo y examinados en el estudio es paradigmático. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación bibliográfica y jurisprudencial.La constitucionalización del Derecho Administrativo y la institucionalización de estándares hermenéuticos del Estado democrático de derecho determinan el ejercicio de la autoridad pública de forma visible. La decisión de la Corte Suprema adoptó el mejor diseño de la transparencia administrativa como consecuencia de la integridad y la coherencia del conjunto de virtudes constitucionales.

La participación del Poder Ejecutivo en los procesos de referéndum: análisis de derecho comparado

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Nicolás Prado Hidalgo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available : Al terminar el primer referéndum celebrado recientemente en Costa Rica, surgió la duda con respecto a la participación que deberían tener en este tipo de procesos los funcionarios pertenecientes al Poder Ejecutivo. Además, se originó la consideración de si a estos mismos funcionarios se les debe aplicar la prohibición que establece el Código Electoral; de igual forma que se hace durante los procesos de carácter electivo o bien si se les debe permitir su participación. El presente trabajo pretende analizar, a la luz de la doctrina y la normativa internacional con respecto al referendum, las disposiciones que dictó el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones respecto al tema.

Breve examen del Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia y de su proceso

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Fairén Guillén, Víctor

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Se me pide, de parte de mi compañero y amigo de la Academia, Dr José M" Castán Vázquez, que elabore un pequeño trabajo para la revista «Arbor» —a cuyas líneas tuve vedado el acceso por muchos años; mientras duró aquella ordenación y aquella Nomenklatura al frente del CSIC— ; por su director actual. Prof. Dr. PEDRO GARCÍA BARRENO, al que trato casi constantemente-, Y sobre el Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia, organismo jurídico jurisdiccional —pese a incluso enfurecidos adversarios— único, y admirado por todo el mundo, menos por quienes aspiran a transformar una de las huertas españolas mejor cuidadas, en una selva de hormigón.
Ahí van esas líneas, resumen de un libro que, a pie de obra, me costó más de 25 años de elaboración allá en Valencia, y sin ayuda práctica de nadie sino del referido Tribunal. Desafío a que las críticas que se me hagan, se funden en observaciones directas; y no enlatadas en «ordenadores» del terreno y de sus habitantes. No admito «realidades visuales», que no son sino ficciones inmerecidamente decoradas con ese equívoco nombre, lo que ya está dando sus frutos.

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

OpenAIRE

Corrochano, David H.; Díaz-santana, Héctor

2001-01-01

In this article we want to analyse the work made by the "Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF)" and its relation, in its grade and identity, within the presidential elections on the July 2sd, 2000. Our hypothesis is that TEPJF had started an institutional blackmail, which put several doubts on the process, and could limit the democratic advances built until today but also generate a post electoral conflict with political instability consequences in the country. Ana...

La Orden de Medidas Provisionales del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso del buque de guerra ARA Libertad

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Martin Cabrera Mirassou

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El presente comentario tiene por finalidad describir la reciente orden de medidas provisionales emitida por el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso relativo a la detención de la Fragata ARA Libertad. La controversia contiene un complejo trasfondo político, económico y jurídico, en el cual se destaca el alcance de la inmunidad de los buques de guerra, el funcionamiento del sistema de solución de controversias de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre Derecho del Mar y, en particular, la competencia del Tribunal. Con la finalidad de lograr un entendimiento más profundo de su jurisprudencia se abordan los principales aspectos que permitan comprender el valor de la decisión para los actores del régimen de los océanos.

La discriminación racial en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos

OpenAIRE

Fernando Rey Martínez

2012-01-01

I. Introducción: ¿Qué significa la prohibición de discriminación según el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos?II. Escenarios de conflicto de la discriminación racial examinados en la jurisprudencia1. Agresiones racistas por agentes de la autoridad2. Agresiones racistas vecinales y deficiente tutela judicial posterior3. Expulsión de caravanas4. Segregación escolar5. Discriminación en frontera6. Discriminación racial e imparcialidad judicial en juicio por jurados7. Discurso racista y libertad ...

A interdisciplinaridade entre legislação e aplicação: a “efetiva” materialidade na aplicação das cotas

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Mayron Morais Damasceno

2016-09-01

Full Text Available O ponto primordial do presente artigo é o de deflagrar se a política de cotas respeita a igualdade jurídica e consegue condensar a efetiva materialidade almejada em sua aplicabilidade frente à sociedade brasileira. Em um primeiro momento é preciso expor como as cotas passaram a ser parte dos programas universitários brasileiro, momento oportuno para abordar sua aplicação, criação, execução, fundamentos e discussões. Continuamente se abordará a colocação dos Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal quando da aplicação de tais políticas. Possibilitando, ao final, esclarecer se a aplicação da política específica de ações afirmativas, as cotas, recrudesce a igualdade ou apenas serve para estruturar a exorbitante desigualdade.

Carácter jurisdiccional de las resoluciones de la Dirección General del Registro Electoral en materia de faltas electorales: especial referencia a la facultad de recabar datos personales protegidos por el secreto bancario o tributario en el marco de una investigación por faltas en materia de financiamiento de los partidos políticos

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Ruy López González

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda el concepto y características distintivas de la función jurisdiccional del Estado. Con este marco teórico se analiza la función jurisdiccional del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en materia electoral y se esboza como tesis la delegación legislativa de competencias jurisdiccionales que operó a favor de la Dirección General del Registro Electoral y de Financiamiento de Partidos Políticos en el trámite y sanción de las faltas electorales tipificadas en el nuevo Código Electoral. Bajo esta premisa, se infiere la facultad de la Dirección de recabar pruebas que contengan datos de carácter confidencial protegidos bajo los institutos del secreto bancario o tributario con el objeto de ejercer su competencia sancionadora

Aborto e inviabilidad fetal: el debate brasileño

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Diniz Debora

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La Argumentación de Descumplimiento del Precepto Fundamental sobre la anencefalia presentada al Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF es un marco para el debate sobre el aborto en América Latina. Desde la edición del Código Penal Brasileño, en 1940, hubo fuertes resistencias cualquier modificación en la política de aborto en el país. En este artículo serán discutidas las estrategias argumentativas y políticas utilizadas para la acción de anencefalia en el STF, en especial la tesis ética y jurídica utilizada de que la interrupción de la gestación en casos de anencefalia no constituye aborto, debiendo ser considerada una anticipación terapéutica de parto.

Aborto na Suprema Corte: o caso da anencefalia no Brasil Abortion at the Supreme Court: the anencephaly case in Brazil

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Debora Diniz

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o desafio jurídico e ético imposto pela anencefalia ao debate sobre direitos reprodutivos no Brasil. O fio condutor da análise é a ação de anencefalia apresentada ao Supremo Tribunal Federal em 2004. O artigo demonstra como o debate sobre o aborto provoca os fundamentos constitucionais da laicidade do Estado brasileiro e expõe a fragilidade da razão pública em temas de direitos reprodutivos, em especial sobre o aborto.This paper analyses the ethical and legal challenges of the anencephaly case in Brazil. The case study is the Supreme Court case on anencephaly proposed in 2004. This paper shows how the abortion debate forces the fundamentals of the Brazilian secular state and demonstrates the weakness of the public reason to mediate reproductive rights, mainly abortion, in Brazil.

Entre la ley y el cariño: normatividad jurídica y disputas familiares sobre la patria potestad en México (1870-1890

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Carmen Ramos Escandón

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo rastrea los cambios que la legislación liberal mexicana introdujo en la distribución del poder familiar entre las dos generaciones claves de la vida familiar, padres e hijos, a través de las modificaciones a la institución de la patria potestad. Para ello comparo en la primera parte del artículo las modificaciones que se llevaron a cabo en la legislación familiar liberal con relación a la sociedad colonial y más adelante ilustro la pregunta sobre las formas específicas de impartición de justicia a través del análisis de casos específicos de disputas sobre patria potestad tomados del archivo histórico del Supremo Tribunal de Justicia de la ciudad de Guadalajara entre 1870 y 1890.

La ilegítima mutación de la Constitución por el juez constitucional y la demolición del estado de derecho en Venezuela

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Allan R Brewer-Carías

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar algunas de las ilegítimas mutaciones constitucionales efectuadas por la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela, al decidir recursos autónomos de interpretación constitucional que han sido interpuestos por el Poder Ejecutivo, y que han trastocado los cimientos del Estado de derecho. Un recurso judicial como el de interpretación abstracta de la Constitución, creado por la Sala Constitucional sin soporte en la Constitución, en manos de un Juez Constitucional totalmente dependiente del mismo Poder Ejecutivo, sin autonomía ni independencia algunas, ha resultado ser un instrumento utilizado para cambiar y ajustar la Constitución a la voluntad del Ejecutivo, al margen de los procedimientos de reforma y de la voluntad del poder, afianzando el autoritarismo

Comentarios de jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema y el Tribunal Constitucional sobre derechos humanos de las personas migrantes durante el año 2013

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Rodrigo Godoy Araya

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objetivo comentar algunas sentencias de la Corte Suprema y del Tribunal Constitucional de Chile en materias de derecho de extranjería y derechos humanos de las personas migrantes. Para ello se estudian sentencias que han sido dictadas en casos tramitados por la Oficina Especializada en Derechos Humanos de la Corporación de Asistencia Judicial durante el año 2013, las cuales se comentan en relación a cinco ámbitos de análisis: 1 derecho a ingresar al territorio nacional; 2 expulsiones del país; 3 nacionalidad y apatridia; 4 privaciones de libertad de extranjeros en situación irregular y; 5 jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional.

Unethical conduct by the nurse: a critical discourse analysis of Nurses Tribunal inquiries.

Science.gov (United States)

Dixon, Kathleen A

2013-08-01

The aim of this study was to uncover and critically examine hidden assumptions that underpin the findings of nurses' unethical conduct arising from inquiries conducted by the Nurses Tribunal in New South Wales. This was a qualitative study located within a post-structural theoretical framework. Transcripts of five inquiries conducted between 1998 and 2003 were analysed using critical discourse analysis. The findings revealed two dominant discourses that were drawn upon in the inquiries to construct nurses' conduct as unethical. These were discourses of trust and accountability. The way the nurses were spoken about during the inquiries was shaped by normalising judgements that were used to discursively position the nurse through narrative.

Participation of a non-disputing party in arbitration and protection of the public interest before an ICSID Tribunal

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Đundić Petar

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The paper discusses the need to protect the legitimacy of decision-making process in investment arbitration through public access to the proceedings. Unlike commercial arbitration, investment arbitration entails decisions on state responsibility for measures directed towards protection of environment, lives and health of its population or human rights. Presence of the public interest in such disputes brings under strong criticism a traditional characteristic of arbitration process - its confidentiality. The problem of democratic deficit of decision-making can be resolved, inter alia, by allowing persons who are not parties to the dispute to participate in the proceedings if they consider that their interest might be affected by arbitral award. The 2006 Arbitration Rules of International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes envisage, subject to approval of the Tribunal, the right of a non-disputing party to file a written submission with the Tribunal regarding a factual or legal issue connected with the subject matter of the dispute. However, without right of those entities to attend arbitral hearings and, more importantly, without their access to documents submitted during the proceedings, this is not by far enough to give 'friends of the court' a meaningful and significant role.

Racismo ou injúria racial? Como o Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais se posiciona diante dos conflitos raciais

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Andrea Franco Lima e Silva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, apresentaremos uma análise dos acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais sobre os processos que tenham, como ponto central, práticas identificadas como racismo, discriminação ou preconceito de raça ou de cor. Com isso, buscamos responder às seguintes questões: que tipos de conflitos envolvendo raça ou cor são julgados, em segunda instância, pelo Tribunal; que atos, palavras e expressões estão presentes nesses casos; e quais são os argumentos utilizados e as estratégias discursivas empregadas pelos réus, pelos autores e pelos juízes na administração do conflito. Nossos resultados indicam que o sistema jurídico mineiro tende a descontextualizar expressões historicamente racistas, negando que a origem do conflito seja o preconceito racial, o que mantém a desigualdade característica de nossa sociedade.

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

OpenAIRE

David H. CORROCHANO; Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA

2010-01-01

Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF) relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" ...

Análisis argumentativo de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional en el caso PUCP

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Felix Morales Luna

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Analizar la argumentación jurídica contenida en la sentencia recaída en el Expediente 03347-2009-PA/TC expedida por el Tribunal Constitucional del Perú el pasado 17 de marzo de 2010, y suscrita por cuatro magistrados, a propósito del recurso de agravio constitucional presentado por la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú contra la sentencia de la Octava Sala Civil de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima en la controversia que mantiene contra el señor Walter Muñoz Cho

El Tribunal de la Inquisición de Valladolid y el control de las ideas en la España del siglo XVIII

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Ángel de PRADO MOURA

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El tribunal inquisitorial de Valladolid, al igual que el resto de los tribunales que formaban el Santo Oficio español, mostró durante el siglo XVIII una especial preocupación por el control de las ideas, particularmente aquellas que quedaban reflejadas en obras manuscritas e impresas. Los inquisidores vallisoletanos se esforzaron para evitar que en su distrito penetraran las obras que tanto éxito estaban teniendo fuera de nuestras fronteras, pero la existencia de una fuerte demanda, probablemente por ubicarse en él las universidades de Valladolid y Salamanca, hizo que la censura no fuera tan eficaz como ellos hubieran querido. Tal como queda reflejado en este artículo, no se impidió, pero sí se dificultó la difusión de libros total o parcialmente prohibidos.ABSTRACT: The Tribunal of the Inquisition of Valladolid —similarly to the rest of the tribunals of the Spanish Holy Office— showed a special concern for the control of ideas, mostly those ideas expressed in manuscript and printed works. The Inquisitors of Valladolid took pains to avoid the entrance of texts that were succesful abroad, but the existence of an important demand —probably due to the foundation of the Universities of Valladolid and Salamanca— decreased the efficiency of the censorship they wanted to impose. This paper intends to show that the reading and commerce of completely or partially forbidden books was not prevented, but it was certainly hindered.

Les competències. La doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definició de les competències. Les competències exclusives, les compartides i les executives. - Las competencias. La doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definición de las competencias. Competencias exclusivas, compartidas y ejecutivas.

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Ramon Riu

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La doctrina de la Sentència 31/2010 sobre la definició estatutària de les categories competencials (251-257 Mercè Barceló i SerramaleraLa doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la definició de competències. Les competències exclusives, les compartides i les executives (258-261Antoni Bayona RocamoraLa doctrina de la Sentència 31/2010 sobre les competències executives (Xavier Bernadí GilLa doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definició de les competències. Les ompetències exclusives, les compartides i les executives (270-276Marc Carrillo LópezEls efectes de la Sentència sobre la definició estatutària de les competències: la «devaluació» jurídica dels estatuts d’autonomia (277-281Mercè Corretja TorrensLes categories funcionals de competències a l’Estatut d’autonomia de Catalunya. Comentaris a la Sentència 31/2010 (282-287Ramon Riu FortunyTipologia de les competències. El seu abast funcional: els articles 110 a 112 (288-294Joaquín Tornos Massostenella e no enmendalla (262-269 La doctrina de la Sentencia 31/2010 sobre la definición estatutaria de las categorías competenciales (251-257Mercè Barceló i SerramaleraLa doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la definición de competencias. Las competencias exclusivas, las compartidas y las ejecutivas (258-261Antoni Bayona RocamoraLa doctrina de la Sentencia 31/2010 sobre las competencias ejecutivas (sostenella e no enmendalla (262-270 Xavier Bernadí GilLa doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definición de las competencias. Las competencias exclusivas, las compartidas y las ejecutivas (271-277Marc Carrillo LópezLos efectos de la Sentencia sobre la definición estatutaria de las competencias:la «devaluación» jurídica de los estatutos de autonomía (278-283Mercè Corretja TorrensLas categorías funcionales de competencias en el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña. Comentarios a la Sentencia 31/2010 (284-289Ramon Riu FortunyTipología de las competencias. Su alcance

A (In Constitucionalidade da Súmula 385 Superior Tribunal de Justiça

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Valmir

2013-07-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo busca analisar, à luz do fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana e dos direitos e garantias fundamentais consagrados pela Constituição Federal de 1988, a constitucionalidade da Súmula 385, editada do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ. Este enunciado veda ao consumidor que possua pelo menos um registro legítimo em órgão de proteção crédito exigir judicialmente indenização por dano moral em face de posterior anotação, ainda esta última seja irregular. O método de abordagem utilizado nesta pesquisa é o dedutivo, de procedimento cientifico, com utilização de técnicas de pesquisas bibliográfica e jurisprudencial.

Saúde suplementar no Distrito Federal: o que pensa o Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios.

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Sandra Mara CAMPOS ALVES

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa procurou avaliar o entendimento do Poder Judiciário no enfrentamento de demandas envolvendo a assistência à saúde suplementar, através da análise de decisões judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios – TJDFT. A pesquisa coletou e analisou as decisões judiciais de 2ª instância proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios, publicadas no período de 2009 a 2011. Observou-se que a regulamentação expedida pela ANS não encontra eco nas decisões judiciais, sendo as decisões fundamentadas prioritariamente com base no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, Código de Processo Civil, e outros textos legais. Concluiu-se que o Poder Judiciário vem se mostrando atento à defesa do direito à saúde, na dimensão da saúde suplementar.

Symposium in honour of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization : 90 year of contribution to the creation of international civil service law

CERN Document Server

Colloque en l'honneur du Tribunal administratif de l'Organisation internationale du Travail : une contribution de 90 ans à la création d'un droit de la fonction publique internationale; 90 years of contribution of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization to the creation of international civil service law; Une contribution de 90 ans du Tribunal administratif de l'Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d'un droit de la fonction publique internationale; Une contribution de 90 ans du TAOIT; 90 years of contribution of the ILOAT

2017-01-01

The present book arises out of a symposium that the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization organized on 5 May 2017 to celebrate the 90 years of its existence and its 125th Session held in 2017.

Cervantes, Twain e Lobato: reflexões sobre direito, literatura e censura

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André Karam Trindade

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo, que tiene como marco teorico la tradición del movimiento Derecho y Literatura, es hacer un analisis de la censura perpetrada contra la literatura en las democracias constitucionales. Son utilizados tres ejemplos ilustrativos del peligro que representa la prática de perseguicion a los libros en los sistemas democráticos: (a la censura del cuento La Gitanilla, de Miguel de Cervantes, en España; (b la reciente reedición didáctica de Las Aventuras de Tom Sawyer y Huckleberry Finn; (c y la también reciente contestación en el Supremo Tribunal Federal de Brasil de parte de la obra del escritor brasileño Monteiro Lobato. En síntesis, es intentado hacer una crítica al desarollo de nuevas formas de censura en las democracias contemporáneas.

Interface of the Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duty Laws, Administrative Tribunal and Economic Analysis: the Injury and Causality Tests in Canada

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O. Yul Kwon

1998-09-01

Full Text Available In the consequence analyzing methods which are frequently used by the Canadian administrative tribunal, there are dualistic approximation method which uses the trend analysis and unitary approximation method which uses economic analysis. The disadvantage of the dualistic approximation method is that it cannot separate the effect out of dumping and the effect of dumping. In the contrary, the unitary approximation method includes methods like the countable partial equipoise model and computation model which could overcome the similar question. This thesis made comments on the advantages and disadvantages of the above two economic analysis by way of analyzing the Canadian case used in the damage arbitration process. And found that both the two methods could enhance the objectivity, transparency and fairness in the damage arbitration, meanwhile, the countable partial equipoise model is more practical under the restriction of time and resources. Especially, this thesis definitely brought forward the conjunction between the trade regulation and the economic analysis in the process of the damage arbitration of the Canadian administrative tribunal.

El principio ne bis in idem en Europa : el tribunal de justicia y los derechos fundamentales en el espacio judicial europeo

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vervaele, J.A.E.

2005-01-01

Durante años el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas (TJCE) ha elaborado una serie completa de principios generales del Derecho comunitario, también en el área del Derecho penal y del Derecho procesal penal. Con la entrada en vigor de la cooperación en los ámbitos de la Justicia y de los

Laverne A. Jacobs & Justice Anne L. Mactavish, eds., Dialogue Between Court And Tribunals – Essays In Administrative Law And Justice (2001- 2007

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Gerald P. Heckman

2009-10-01

Full Text Available “Dialogue between Courts and Tribunals,” a title that could describe the interplay between judges and decision-makers in the context of the judicial review of administrative decisions, in fact refers to a series of annual roundtables organized by the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice [CIAJ].

DERECHOS HUMANOS Y JURISPRUDENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL 1981 - 1989:: EL PLURALISMO POLÍTICO E IDEOLÓGICO EN CHILE

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Francisco Zúñiga Urbina

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La ponencia se refiere a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional en el período 1981-1989 con especial análisis de las sentencias referentes a los contenidos de los derechos de libertad de conciencia, libertad de opinión y derechos políticos.This paper deals with the opinions of the Chilean Constitutional Court in the period 1981-1989, with emphasis on the decisions handed out on matters of freedom of conscience, free speech, and political rights.

El principio ne bis in idem en Europa. El Tribunal de Justicia y los derechos fundamentales en el espacio judicial europeo, IUSTEL

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vervaele, J.A.E.

2004-01-01

Durante años el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas (TJCE) ha elaborado una serie completa de principios generales del Derecho comunitario, también en el área del Derecho penal y del Derecho procesal penal. Con la entrada en vigor de la cooperación en los ámbitos de la Justicia y de los

O direito à vida no contexto do aborto e da pesquisa com células-tronco embrionárias: disputas de agentes e valores religiosos em um estado laico

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Naara Luna

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo aborda o debate público sobre o direito à vida no contexto da autorização da pesquisa com células-tronco embrionárias e no debate sobre o aborto, enfocando a participação de atores religiosos e seus valores. Serão examinados o debate legislativo e judiciário da Lei de Biossegurança e a audiência pública da ADPF 54, referente à antecipação de parto de anencéfalo. Esta pesquisa documental analisa a transcrição da audiência pública da ADPF 54, e os registros do processo legislativo no Congresso Nacional e da ADI 3510 no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Os resultados revelam, além da centralidade do argumento do valor da vida, a diversidade na atuação dos agentes religiosos, com hegemonia da Igreja Católica e a emergência de evangélicos e espíritas.

Controvérsia científica no telejornalismo brasileiro: um estudo sobre a cobertura das células-tronco no Jornal Nacional

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Carla Almeida

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Em 1998, pesquisas com células-tronco tornaram-se objeto de intensa controvérsia. No Brasil, a polêmica atingiu seu ápice em 2008, quando o Supremo Tribunal Federal iniciou julgamento de ação legal, questionando a nova Lei de Biossegurança por permitir o uso de embriões humanos em pesquisas. Analisa-se aqui a cobertura sobre as células-tronco embrionárias humanas realizada pelo Jornal Nacional . Observa-se tom positivo, marcado pela ênfase nos potenciais benefícios oferecidos pela pesquisa e omissão de limitações e riscos envolvidos. O pequeno índice de sucesso obtido até então como resultado de pesquisas com células-tronco embrionárias e os riscos de elas induzirem a formação de tumores foram omitidos, fazendo crer que a única barreira a novos tratamentos e curas era a legislação.

Controle abstrato e concentrado de constitucionalidade comparado (Brasil, Portugal e Angola e seus efeitos nas instituições sociais e jurídicas

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Ilton Norberto Robl Filho

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa, empírica e comparativamente, as decisões dos Tribunais Constitucionais de Portugal e de Angola e do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro no controle concentrado/abstrato, verificando a validade empírica de duas hipóteses sobre o abstract judicial review: 1 a proposição sobre a regra da absorção (TSEBELIS, 2009, com tribunais não atuando contramajoritariamente ao decidir sobre legislação aprovada pela coalizão majoritária, e 2 nas decisões que envolvem atores de diversos níveis governamentais (BZDERA, 1993, se o controle abstrato restringe a descentralização a partir de prerrogativas consolidadas constitucionalmente pelo poder central. Conclusões preliminares indicam validade empírica da primeira hipótese no Brasil e da segunda hipótese no Brasil e em Portugal. Em Angola, a segunda hipótese é completamente negada.

Diversidade Sexual: políticas públicas e igualdade de direitos

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Henrique Caetano Nardi

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio apresenta uma reflexão interdisciplinar conjugando as perspectivas do direito, da antropologia, da sociologia, da medicina e da psicologia social para pensar o contexto político, as bases epistemológicas, as tendências e os riscos presentes na configuração das políticas públicas direcionadas às questões relativas à diversidade sexual, às expressões de gênero e à diversidade corporal no Brasil. Exploram-se também os paradoxos da atualidade política a partir da recente decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal referente à igualdade de direitos entre casais de sexos diferentes e do mesmo sexo e da suspensão da distribuição pelo Ministério da educação do material pedagógico produzido por organizações não governamentais destinado a apoiar ações de combate à homofobia nas escolas.

Derechos en serio, recurso de amparo, reordenación de lagarantía judicial y reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial = Taking rights seriously, the amparo appeal rearrangement and the reform of the Organic Law of the Judicial Branch

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Pedro Tenorio

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Con ocasión de comentar la regulación de la protección de los derechos fundamentales la Propuesta de reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial elaborada por la Comisión institucional creada por Acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros de 2 marzo 2012, Propuesta hecha pública en febrero de 2013, se repasan las cuestiones que plantea en la actualidad la ordenación procesal de los referidos derechos en España. Las dos reformas que presenta la Propuesta en el ámbito que interesa son: el establecimiento de un procedimiento para garantizar la ejecución de las Sentencias TEDH en España y la desaparición de un mecanismo procesal que se había establecido en 2007 («nulidad de actuaciones ». Lo primero se valora positivamente, si bien se señala que acaso haya que reformar también la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional (LOTC. Lo segundo también se valora favorablemente, pero se considera que exige establecer algunas garantías adicionales más efectivas, como serían Salas especializadas en los Tribunales Superiores de Justicia y una Sala del mismo carácter en el Tribunal Supremo. También se recomienda que se aplique más literalmente el requisito que establece la LOTC de invocar el derecho fundamental tan pronto como el mismo es vulnerado, pues ello a la larga mejoraría el conocimiento de los derechos. In this paper, while discussing the regulation of fundamental rights in the Proposal of Ammendment of the Judicial Branch Act, drafted by the Institutional Committee established by resolution of the Council of Ministers of March 2, 2012, Proposal issued in February 2013, we review the issues raised in the field of the procedural management of fundamental rights in Spain. The two proposed reforms in the area of our interest are: the establishment of a procedure to guarantee the effectiveness of the European Court Judgments in Spain and the disappearance of a procedural mechanism that was established in 2007 («nulidad de actuaciones

MERCOSUR ambiental. El aporte del Laudo 1/2012 del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión

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Alberto Cesar Moreira

2014-03-01

Full Text Available El trabajo reflexiona acerca de la dimensión ambiental del MERCOSUR, identificando los desarrollos institucionales y normativos más significativos e intentando desentrañar algunas de las causas que dificultan su consolidación. En ese orden de ideas, destaca la escasa utilización que los Estados han hecho del sistema de solución de controversias de este esquema y pone de resalto el aporte del laudo 1/2012 del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión, ya que al resolver sobre su competencia en razón de la materia, reconoce y acompaña a las distintas dimensiones que el MERCOSUR ha ido desarrollado, entre ellas la ambiental.

The Advisory Opinion of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Matters related to the determination of effective link between the States and the legal persons they sponsor to carry out activities in the Area

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Juan Nicolás Guerrero Peniche

2012-12-01

Tribunal for the Law of the Sea so it could be clarified. The advisory opinion of the Tribunal advanced conclusions particularly relevant for the determination of a nationality link between the legal persons and the States that sponsor them. This matter, which plays an essential role for achieving an effective protection of the marine environment within the sponsorship mechanisms for exploration and exploitation of the resources of the Area, also has some relevant consequences for the activities in reserved areas.

Los negros esclavos y el Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición en Lima y en Cartagena de Indias (1570-1650)

OpenAIRE

Rosas Navarro, Ruth

2009-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Educación. Mención en Historia)--Universidad de Piura. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 2009. Texto: Introducción. Cap. I: La Inquisición en Europa y en América. Cap. II: La esclavitud negra en el siglo XVI y su relación con el Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición. Conclusiones. Referencias bibliográficas. Anexos.

Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zoppo, C.E.

1990-01-01

This paper reports on nuclear export activities in Spain, as elsewhere, which occur in a political, economic, and technological context. The factors operating the process are not always explicitly related in the public and the private sectors, nor between these sectors, by the relevant decision makers. A redefinition of Spain's policies in the nuclear sector has been going on since at least 1984, when a new energy plan was legislated by the newly elected Socialist government. It would be accurate to suggest that this process remains dynamic and not fully completed for policy purposes. This condition has resulted from the fact that Spain underwent a crucial political regime change from dictatorship to parliamentary democracy about a decade ago, with the transition to democracy only recently consolidated. Moreover, no policy in regard to nuclear nonproliferation existed during the Franco regime. Instead, Spain's official position was to maintain the right to preserve a nuclear option for national defense. However, this option was not developed into a concerted program to develop a nuclear military capability

Le tribunal d’opinion de Tôkyô pour les « femmes de réconfort » The Tokyo opinion trial in help to former “comfort women”

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Rumiko Nishino

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Dès les années 1930, le Japon a organisé l’enlèvement et la déportation massive de jeunes femmes asiatiques dans les bordels militaires de campagne des territoires occupés. Or, bien que les faits aient été connus au moment du procès de Tôkyô (Tribunal militaire international pour l’Extrême-Orient, l’affaire fut largement passée sous silence, ces violences sexuelles envers les femmes n’étant pas reconnues comme des crimes de guerre à part entière. Suite à la mobilisation engagée par les survivantes coréennes et celles d’autres pays d’Asie au cours des années 1990, un tribunal d’opinion s’est tenu à Tôkyô en décembre 2000, à l’initiative de VAWW-NET (Violence Against Women in War Network, pour juger les responsables et envisager des mesures de réparation. L’article revient sur le sens de ce tribunal et dresse les perspectives à venir.Since the 1930s, Japan had organized the kidnapping and mass deportation of young Asian women into military brothels campaign in the occupied territories. Although the facts were known at the time of the Tokyo trial (the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, and trials of BC war criminals, sexual violence against women were not recognized as full war crimes, and the whole story remained was largely ignored until the coming out of Korean victims in the 1990s. Following the mobilization by those women from Korea and other Asian countries, an opinion court was held in Tokyo in December 2000, at the initiative of VAWW-NET (Violence against Women in War Network. The goal was to indict those responsible and to consider remedial measures. The article presents the meaning of the court and examines further perspectives.

El derecho fundamental a la libertad física: reflexiones a partir de la Constitución, el Código Procesal Penal y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional

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Luis Alberto Huerta Guerrero

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El autor analiza lo dispuesto en la Constitución Política de 1993, así como en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional peruano, incluyendo algunos artículos del Código Procesal Penal de 1991 del 2004.

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

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David H. CORROCHANO

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" institucional que marcó la incertidumbre del proceso, pudo limitar los avances democratizadores construidos hasta la fecha, y generar un conflicto postelectoral con consecuencias para la estabilidad política del país.

Focus: Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferguson, M.P.

1992-01-01

Historically, Spain's nuclear program has had its share of successes and challenges. The country currently operates nine nuclear reactors totalling over 7,100 MWe of capacity and accounting for more than a third of Spain's electricity generation. Yet four reactors at advanced stages of construction remain mothballed due to a government-imposed moratorium, and a fire at one reactor in 1989 led to its premature closure and to a revival of anti-nuclear sentiment in the country. In the new national energy plan, Spain opted to continue the moratorium and rely upon conservation measures, additional natural gas imports, and electricity imports to meet expected demand. The current nuclear facilities will continue to operate, and the government will continue to pursue advanced reactor research, and expansion of the country's domestic uranium industry. Spain's integration into the European Community also is affecting the country's energy plans, prompting consolidation within the Spanish electricity sector in order to be more competitive in Europe

Los conflictos entre libertades económicas yderechos fundamentales en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de laUnión Europea

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Joaquín Sarrión Esteve

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Como es sabido, la protección de los derechos fundamentales ha cambiado mucho en la Unión Europea. En un primer momento, los Tratados constitutivos de las Comunidades Europeas guardaban silencio sobre la protección de los derechos humanos, y fue el Tribunal de Justicia el que la hizo posible. A diferencia de los derechos fundamentales, las libertades económicas han gozado siempre de una relevancia explícita en los Tratados como instrumentos al servicio de la realización del mercado y de la integración económica. Sin embargo, los derechos fundamentales han ganado importancia con los años, tanto en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justica como en el Derecho de la Unión Europea. Y finalmente han comenzado a colisionar con las libertades económicas. Realmente, existen dos tipos de relación entre libertades económicas y derechos fundamentales: una positiva en la que los derechos fundamentales sirven para proteger a las libertades económicas; y una negativa con situaciones de conflicto entre libertades económicas y derechos fundamentales que debe ponderar el Tribunal de Justicia. En el primer tipo de relación, los casos más representativos comienzan con Elliniki (1991 y continúan con Carpenter (2002 y Karner (2004. En estas sentencias, el Tribunal de Justicia establece que los Estados miembros deben respetar los derechos fundamentales no sólo cuando aplican el Derecho comunitario, sino también cuando pretenden establecer una excepción a las obligaciones derivadas del Tratado. En este sentido, una medida restrictiva de una libertad económica no solamente debe estar justificada, sino que también debe respetar los derechos fundamentales como principios generales del Derecho comunitario. En cualquier caso, una relación de sinergia positiva no plantea problemas para la protección de los derechos fundamentales. Es en los casos de conflicto como Schmidberger (2003, Omega (2004, Viking (2007, o Laval (2007, donde podemos encontrar

Indigenous Storytelling and Participatory Action Research: Allies Toward Decolonization? Reflections From the Peoples' International Health Tribunal.

Science.gov (United States)

Caxaj, C Susana

2015-01-01

Storytelling, in its various forms, has often been described as a practice with great emancipatory potential. In turn, Indigenous knowledge shows great promise in guiding a participatory action research (PAR) methodology. Yet these two approaches are rarely discussed in relation to one another, nor, has much been written in terms of how these two approaches may work synergistically toward a decolonizing research approach. In this article, I report on a community-driven knowledge translation activity, the Peoples' International Health Tribunal, as an exemplar of how narrative and PAR approaches, guided by local Indigenous knowledge, have great potential to build methodologically and ethically robust research processes. Implications for building globally relevant research alliances and scholarship are further discussed, particularly in relation to working with Indigenous communities.

Crítica ao Direito Sumular: a necessidade de democratização processual

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Gabriela Soares Balestero

2011-04-01

Full Text Available

A finalidade deste estudo é estudar, analisar a questão do ativismo judicial, ou seja, a degeneração de um processo criado de forma solipsista pelo magistrado, sem a participação das partes para a construção do provimento. Portanto, o presente estudo possui dois objetivos específicos: 1 a reformulação processual sob uma perspectiva democrática; 2 a construção do provimento Jurisdicional pelos sujeitos do processo em simétrica paridade de armas. A criação das Súmulas Vinculantes pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal comprova o desgaste do processo jurisdicional ao trazer o comportamento ativista do Poder Judiciário atuando de forma legiferante, criando o direito de maneira antidemocrática. A análise de tal questão é o objetivo deste artigo.

La emigración y el exilio en la vida de Saturnino Tejera García, entre la Fraternidad y el Periodismo

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Victoria María Sueiro Rodríguez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Saturnino Tejera García (Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 1900-Cienfuegos, 1956; emigró a Cuba alrededor de 1916 o 1917 y se estableció en Yaguajay, y, posteriormente, en Cienfuegos. Escritor, linotipista y periodista no profesional. Se inició en la Masonería en 1929 a la logia “Fernandina de Jagua”; en 1930 al Oddfelismo “Caballeros de la Luz”. Regresó a Canarias a principios de la década del 1930; lo sorprendió la Guerra Civil Española y fue procesado por el Tribunal Supremo de la Masonería de Madrid por defender sus postulados; se exilió en Cienfuegos en 1945 y dedicó su ejecutoria a la Fraternidad y a la cultura; tuvo una sección periodística Fraternales, fundólaHoraRadial Fraternal y la logia “Federico Capdevila”, donde resultó electo Primer Vigilante y representante ante la Gran Logia de Cuba; por lo que el objetivo del trabajo ha sido valorar sus marcados aportes a la Masonería y Periodismo locales.

La figura del litisconsorcio activa en los juicios laborales

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Julio Cesar lvarez

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La intención de la investigación es proporcionar una versión sobre las diferencias experimentada en la doctrina nacional, cuando varios trabajadores se presenten como actores ante la jurisdiccional laboral, e intente una demanda en forma conjunta y acumulen sus pretensiones en una sola causa. Esta posición la ha denominado la doctrina “acumulación subjetiva de pretensiones”, lo cual pretende en sentido pragmático, la presentación de varias pretensiones en una sola basado en el principio de economía y celeridad procesal. Sobre el punto en cuestión, la Sala Constitucional, del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, ha negado tal posibilidad, colisionando con la posición de la Sala Social, que reiteradamente la ha venido admitiendo. Visto así, esta colisión doctrinal, se estima, que con la entrada en vigencia de la Ley Orgánica Procesal del Trabajo (2002, la cual consagra la posibilidad de que se plantee este tipo de demandas acumuladas (Art. 49, se superen las posiciones encontradas en la doctrina.

Justicia electoral y revocación de mandato de alcaldes e intendentes en Costa Rica

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Hubert Fernández Argüello

2017-07-01

Full Text Available La revocación del mandato de alcaldes e intendentes municipales es un instituto de la democracia participativa, mediante el cual, el electorado puede decidir, en las urnas, sobre la remoción de dichos funcionarios antes de que concluya el período para el que fueron designados. El plebiscito revocatorio, mecanismo de naturaleza electoral, debe ajustarse sustancialmente al ordenamiento jurídico y garantizar, además, los derechos fundamentales de participación política de la persona sometida a consulta y de los habitantes del respectivo cantón. Para que condiciones ocurran, el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones cuenta con amplias atribuciones de orden jurisdiccional, mediante procedimientos específicos; cuyo objeto, naturaleza y trámites se analizan en este trabajo, a partir de la definición de los rasgos esenciales del instituto revocatorio. Se enfatiza en el ejercicio concreto de esas competencias, a través del análisis minucioso de la jurisprudencia electoral existente en la materia

Ciudadanía costarricense: Un rompecabezas incompleto

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Larissa Arroyo Navarrete

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El Estado de Costa Rica ha violado los derechos humanos de las poblaciones lésbicas, bisexuales, gais y trans (en adelante LBGT durante décadas, al no reconocer jurídicamente las uniones de personas del mismo sexo, así como al denegar la identificación a las personas trans ya fuera a través de la imposición de un rol de género por la imagen exigida o por la denegación del cambio de nombre o del “conocido como” (“c.c.”. Para solventar esto, se requiere de la voluntad política de quienes están en puestos de decisión tal y como ocurrió en el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (TSE, al aprobar su política de no discriminación por orientación sexual e identidad de género cuyo objetivo es cumplir las obligaciones estatales que emergen del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y, en particular, del derecho a la igualdad y no discriminación

Singularidad de las elecciones costarricenses de 2014 y el reto que dejan planteado

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Luis Antonio Sobrado González

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Costarricense. Licenciado y doctor en Derecho por la Universidad de Costa Rica y la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, respectivamente. Magistrado propietario del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (TSE a partir de 1999. Ocupa la presidencia del organismo electoral costarricense desde el año 2007 y es el director de su Revista de Derecho Electoral. Con anterioridad a su ingreso al TSE, había desempeñado otros cargos públicos en la Procuraduría General de la República y en el Ministerio de la Presidencia. Tiene tres décadas de ser profesor de Derecho Constitucional en la Universidad de Costa Rica y desde 1993 coordina la respectiva Cátedra de su Facultad de Derecho. Autor de los libros La justicia electoral en Costa Rica (San José: IJSA, 2005, Democratización interna de los partidos políticos en Costa Rica (San José: FLACSO, 2007, Elecciones y democracia (San José: IFED/KAS, 2104 y de numerosos artículos en revistas especializadas. Direccion electrónica: lsobrado@tse.go.cr

Spain: Europe's California.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilvert, Calvin

1994-01-01

Contends that, as Spain integrates into the European Economic Community, it is considered to be Europe's California. Asserts that making regional comparisons between California and Spain can be an effective teaching method. Provides comparisons in such areas as agriculture and tourism. (CFR)

Spain's uranium industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferguson, M.P.

1992-01-01

Spain currently operates nine nuclear reactors totalling over 7,100 MWe of capacity, contributing about one-third of all electricity generated in Spain. Four reactors at advanced stages of construction remain mothballed as the result of a government-imposed moratorium, and a fire at Vandellos 1 in 1989 led to its premature closure and to a revival of anti-nuclear sentiment in the country. In the new national energy plan, which was sent to the Spanish Parliament on July 25, 1991, Spain opted to continue the nuclear moratorium that began in 1984 and rely upon conservation measures, additional natural gas imports, and electricity imports to meet expected demand. Under the new plan, nuclear power's share of Spain's total installed electrical generating capacity will fall from about 17 percent in 1990, to approximately 14 percent by the end of the century, as only the current nuclear facilities will continue to operate and no new nuclear plants will be built. Spain's integration into the European Community also is affecting the country's energy plans, prompting consolidation within the Spanish electricity sector in order to be more competitive in Europe. To supply the existing reactors, the government is supporting a major expansion of the country's domestic uranium industry

La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la acción de inconstitucionalidad de la ley entre los años 2006 y 2012

OpenAIRE

Navarro Beltrán, Enrique

2012-01-01

El artículo analiza los antecedentes históricos de la acción de inconstitucionalidad en Chile, los principales casos en que ha sido aceptada, los requisitos para su procedencia, la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional a su respecto y los efectos de la sentencia. This article analyzes the historical background of the action of unconstitutionality in Chile, as well as the main cases in which it was accepted, the requirements for its admissibility, the doctrine of the Constitutional Court the...

Freedom of communication in the U.S. and Europe = La libertad de comunicación en Estados Unidos y en Europa

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Pedro J. Tenorio

2012-09-01

December 16th, the Constitutional Court has suggested the preferential position of freedom of expression. However, the incorporation of the Sullivan doctrine into the Spanish system occurred through STC 6/1988 of January 21st, almost ten years after the passage of the Constitution into law. El trabajo compara la libertad de comunicación en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo de Estados Unidos y del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, pero partiendo de la primera de ellas. Existen diferencias, que se especifican. Los textos reguladores invitan a hablar de dualidad de modelos. Pero tal vez sea excesivo. Consideraciones finales: 1 existen muchos regímenes de la libertad de expresión compatibles con la democracia: el generado a partir de la Sentencia Sullivan en Estados Unidos (en Europa, Lingens no es el único, aunque en la actualidad se considera el más coherente con ella, lo que no se discute. 2 Los grandes cambios se producen a veces en virtud de detalles aparentemente pequeños. El cambio de la carga de la prueba en la difamación (Sullivan ha supuesto un terremoto en el régimen jurídico de la prensa. La doctrina Sullivan se puede resumir en los siguientes puntos: primero, los errores son inevitables para respirar; segundo: ha de probarse la malicia del difamador; tercero, ha de probarse la falta de veracidad del difamador. Esta doctrina le permite jugar a la prensa su papel de «perro guardián» de las libertades. 3 En España la prensa parece ejercer también ese papel, y esto nos exige preguntarnos si hay o hubo una Sentencia Sullivan en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal constitucional español; se suele atribuir la privilegiada posición de la prensa en España a que el Tribunal Constitucional la ha dotado de posición preferente sobre los derechos que entran en colisión con ella, como honor, intimidad y propia imagen, y se justifica esa posición preferente por su conexión con la democracia; pues bien, ya desde la STC 6/1981, de 16 marzo, nuestro Tribunal

Entendimento do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará sobre o erro médico na esfera penal

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Isabel de Fátima Alvim Braga

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Introdução: O processo por erro médico costuma ter impacto profundo tanto na vida profissional como na vida pessoal do médico. Entretanto, como a judicialização da medicina é recente, carece de estudos com análise dos fatos a partir da dupla perspectiva da Medicina e do Direito. Objetivo: Analisar os processos da esfera penal do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa por palavra-chave no site do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Pará (TJPA com o termo de pesquisa: “erro médico”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 42 julgados jurisprudenciais. Desses, 24 foram excluídos, pois: 4 eram repetições; 19 eram crimes não cometidos por médicos e 1 por tratar de difamação. Ocorreu uma prescrição e três processos ainda não haviam sido julgados na primeira instância. Dos 14 processos julgados, houve 6 condenações e 8 absolvições. A distribuição por especialidades se deu da seguinte maneira: 8 na ginecologia-obstetrícia (GO; 4 na emergência clínica; 2 na cirurgia geral; 1 em anestesiologia/cirurgia plástica; 1 em oftalmologia; 1 em ortopedia; e 1 em radiologia. Conclusão: Os casos de acusação de supostos erros cometidos por médicos no exercício de suas especialidades ainda são raros no panorama geral do Pará. As especialidades ligadas à cirurgia e às situações de emergência, principalmente GO, foram as principais envolvidas nesse tipo de processo.

Doble enjuiciamientos y Derechos Humanos en el Perú contemporáneo. Estudio de casos

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Ana Alejandra Báez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available En una realidad que nos muestra la importancia de algunos procesos judiciales que llegan a ser tratados por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, cobra relevancia el estudio de casos planteado en este artículo. El mismo apunta –en términos generales- a realizar un interpretación de distintos hechos acaecidos en Perú, durante la década de 1980 y hasta aproximadamente el año 1994. Hechos trascendentales no sólo para la historia de ese país, sino también para el resto de América Latina. Así, el texto analiza diversos casos en los cuales existió una violación a las garantías y a los derechos humanos y por lo tanto, se trata de vincular las recomendaciones esbozadas en los fallos del Tribunal Supremo de la Corte con los presupuestos del principio de derecho “non bis in ídem”; teniéndose en cuenta su aplicabilidad, las contradicciones de dicho organismo y la postura del Estado peruano. En ese sentido, se observa cómo, en alguna medida la Corte otorgó plena validez al proceso llevado a cabo por la justicia militar, entendiendo que el Estado violó el principio del non bis in idem al haber condenado a posteriori en la justicia ordinaria un mismo hecho. Aunque, en otra circunstancia, dicho organismo consideró que la no violación de ese principio por cuanto el juicio llevado a cabo en el tribunal militar fue derivada a la justicia ordinaria por falta de competencia.

Funções de autoridade pública: sobre a constitucionalidade de sua delegação a particulares e a análise do Projeto de Lei do Senado (PLS nº 280, de 2017 / Public Authority’s Functions: About the Constitutionality of Private Delegation and the Analysis of the Senate’s Bill no. 280, of 2017

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Rafael Rodrigues Pessoa de Melo Camara

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose – This article aims to analyze the compatibility of the private exercise of public authority functions to the Brazil´s Constitution, and if the Senate’s Bill no. 280, of 2017, is constitutional. Methodology – The article implements a review of the literature and the constitutional rules about the subject, a research of the jurisprudence of Brazil’s Supreme Court and Superior Court of Justice, and also performs an analysis of comparative law to the American experience. Findings – The article concludes that it is constitutional the private exercise of public authority functions provided that certain requirements are met to ensure the due process of law; the Senate’s Bill no. 280, of 2017, partially meets the requirements. Resumo Propósito – Este artigo tem o propósito de examinar a compatibilidade do exercício privado de funções de autoridade pública com a Constituição brasileira, bem como se o Projeto de Lei do Senado (PLS nº 280, de 2017 é constitucional. Metodologia – Faz-se revisão bibliográfica, análise do texto constitucional e pesquisa da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça sobre o tema, além de análise de direito comparado com a experiência estadunidense. Resultados – O artigo conclui que é constitucional a delegação do exercício de funções de autoridade pública a particulares, desde que atendidos alguns pressupostos que garantam o respeito ao devido processo legal; o PLS nº 280, de 2017, atende parcialmente a esses pressupostos.

La Responsabilidad Patrimonial de la Administración Pública con Fundamento en la Declaración de Inconstitucionalidad de una Ley

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Clemente Checa González

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se trata un tema de capital importancia, si es posible, o no, llegar a declarar la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado-legislador como consecuencia de leyes que hayan sido declaradas inconstitucionales, y, más en concreto, qué ocurre en el supuesto de que de la previa aplicación de tal ley se haya derivado el abono de una serie de ingresos a cargo de los ciudadanos. Se analiza al respecto, en este trabajo, la naturaleza de las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional, diferenciando entre las que tienen carácter retrospectivo o prospectivo, y con relación a estas últimas se examina la doctrina aplicada por el Tribunal Supremo español de que en estos casos es procedente la declaración de indemnización a los afectados, toda vez que concurren plenamente los requisitos para decretar la responsabilidad patrimonial de los entes públicos.This article examines whether the Government is liable for property damage for the action of its Legislative Branch, when one of its acts is declared unconstitutional. Special attention is given to the case of acts under the provisions of which revenues are collected from the citizens prior to the declaration of unconstitutionality. The relevant retrospective and prospective decisions of the Spanish Constitutional Court are discussed. In the case of the latter type of decisions, we examine the doctrine of the Spanish Supreme Court that authorizes compensations to the aggrieved party, insofar as all requirements to declare the liability of government agencies for property damage are fully met.

Novedades en la reagrupación de los progenitores extranjeros por parte de un menor comunitario.

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Lucía Aparicio Chofré

2011-09-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza las últimas novedades, producidas tanto en la jurisprudencia comunitaria como en el ordenamiento jurídico español, relativas al régimen jurídico aplicable a los menores nacionales comunitarios en el ejercicio del derecho a la reagrupación de sus ascendientes cuando son nacionales de un tercer Estado. En concreto el artículo se detiene en el estudio de la sentencia Zambrano del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y en la Sentencia de la Sala de lo Contencioso- Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo de 1 de junio de 2010 y las repercusiones que las mismas han supuesto el régimen de ciudadanía de la Unión Europea y en los derechos de los menores en España en el ámbito de la extranjeríaThis paper analyses the last novelties both in the EU law and in the spanish legal system concerning the legal status of those minors that enjoy citizenship of a member state and try to exercise their rights to family reunification with their anscestor, when these ancestors are national of athird Country. Specifically, the paper focuses on the analisis of two judgments: the Zambrano Case of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the ruling of the Courtfor contentious administrative proceedings of the Spanish Suprem Court of the1 of june 2010. Finally, the paper sheds light on the consequences of thesetwo rulings in the EU nationality law and in the field of minor rights inSpanish nationality law

THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RIGHTS RELATED TO ARTICLE 6 UNDER THE ECHR JURISPRUDENCE: INDIPENDENT AND IMPARTIAL TRIBUNAL ESTABLISHED BY LAW

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Elena ANDREEVSKA

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Access to justice is a core fundamental right and a central concept in the broader field of justice. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on Article 6 is a complex body of rules. Article 6 of the Convention was inspired by Article 10 and 11(1 of the Universal Declaration of Human rights of 1948. It has also its counterpart – with minor differences in Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on 1966. Article 6, which guarantees the right to fair trial, occupies a central place in the system of the Convention. it is a generally agreed that this provision is the most frequently cited one of the Convention, both at the national and international levels. This Article contains a variety of rights which are all related to the good administration of justice, not only criminal, but also in the civil and administrative matters. The ‘independent and impartial tribunal established by law’ is one of textual elements of the Fair Trial Right, as long as it has direct and explicit expression in the text of Convention. Even in simple logical way it can be considered as a suite of requirements referring to 1 the notion of tribunal 2 its attribute of being established by law 3 being independent and 4 being impartial.

The doctrine of joint criminal action in the ad hoc tribunals and its scope in the Rome Statute

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Miren Odriozola-Gurrutxaga

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The first judgment of the International Criminal Court has confirmed that article 25 (3 of the Rome Statute adopts the theory of control of the act to distinguish between principals and accessories. On the contrary, since 2003, the ad hoc tribunals’ case law bases the notion of co-perpetration on the Joint Criminal Enterprise doctrine, using a subjective criterion approach. In this article we will first analyze the problems raised by that case law of the ad hoc tribunals, and then, we will study the article of the Rome Statute which apparently most resembles the Joint Criminal Enterprise doctrine: article 25 (3 (d. The article concludes that none of the three categories of that doctrine is included in the said provision.

Reviewing Tribunal cases and nurse behaviour: putting empathy back into nurse education with Bloom's taxonomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Doyle, Kerrie; Hungerford, Catherine; Cruickshank, Mary

2014-07-01

Recent events in the UK and Australia have shown how poor patient outcomes are achieved when the behaviour of nurses lacks empathy. The UK's Francis Inquiry and the Keogh Report both call for an increase in the 'caring and compassion' of health care workers. A review of cases presented to the nurses' disciplinary tribunal in New South Wales' (Australia) also suggests that the majority of complaints against nurses in this jurisdiction is the result of callousness or lack of empathy. Such events reinforce the need for nurse educators to support nursing students to develop the affective attributes of caring and empathy. This paper considers how to raise the awareness of undergraduate students as a first step to developing empathy by using Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives; and includes a description of how to facilitate interactions with undergraduate nursing students about caring with empathy. Enculturating empathy is an evidence-based method of increasing compassionate care in health organisations generally. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tribunal Constitucional y ley migratoria chilena: examen de compatibilidad con los estándares internacionales

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Regina Ingrid Díaz Tolosa

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El Tribunal Constitucional dictó dos sentencias en requerimientos de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad del Decreto Ley n° 1.094, que establece normas sobre los extranjeros en Chile, el 4 de julio y el 10 de septiembre de 2013. Nacionales haitianos ingresaron al país con visa temporal de trabajo, pero ésta con posterioridad les fue revocada por estimarse que los contratos de trabajo invocados eran falsos. De los argumentos vertidos, tanto en el voto de mayoría como en los votos de prevención, es posible colegir la urgente necesidad de una nueva Ley de Migración y Extranjería, pues la norma actualmente vigente no sólo es preconstitucional y contraría varios preceptos de la Constitución, sino también vulnera el estándar internacional en materia de protección de derechos de las personas migrantes.

Spain: NATO or Neutrality,

Science.gov (United States)

1980-04-01

having Spain as a member. Spain is a traditional country in many ways. Religion is still a strongly-felt part of national life and atheism is looked at... Siglo XXI, 30 April 1979. Pedro J. Ramirez, "Diez Razones a favor de la OTAN," ABC, 17 September 1978, p. 7. 8 Ibid. Il 167 - SPAIN - WHAT’S IN IT...Cordoba and Granada. All three of the country’s major religions lived in relative harmony primarily in Moorish kingdoms, where the arts, commerce, and the

Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-03-01

Spain is a constitutional monarchy with a population of 38.3 million growing at .5%/year. The most striking topographical features are the high plateaus and internal compartmentalization by mountain and river barriers. Nearly 3/4 of the country is arid. The Iberian peninsula was the scene of successive invasions and warfare for centuries. Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Moors, Celts, Romans, and Visigoths all invaded at some time. The present language, religion, and laws stem from the Roman Period. The Reconquest from the North African Moors lasted over 700 years until they were driven out in 1492. The unification of present day Spain was complete by 1512. A period of dictatorial rule from 1923-31 ended with establishment of the Second Republic which saw increasing political polarization culminating in the Spanish Civil War. Franco's victory in 1939 was followed by official neutrality but pro-Axis policies during World War II. Spain's economy began to recover during the 1950s, but large scale modernization and development did not occur until the 1960s. Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon, Franco's personally designated heir, assumed the title of king and chief of state with Franco's death in 1975. Franco's last prime minister was replaced in July 1976 in order to speed the pace of post-Franco liberalization. Spain's 1st parliamentary elections since 1936 were held in 1977, and a new constitution protecting human and civil rights and granting due process was overwhelmingly approved in 1978. The constitution also authorized creation of regional autonomous governments. By the mid-1970s, Spain had developed a strong and diversified industrial sector and a thriving tourist industry. From 1975-83, there were 8 years of double-digit inflation, an average growth rate of 1.5% in real terms, and an increase in unemployment from about 4.7% to 18.4%. By 1984 there was substantial improvement in inflation and the balance of payments. Goals of current government economic

Homosexualidad y Constitución (Comentario a propósito de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional peruano de 24 de noviembre de 2004)

OpenAIRE

Fernando Rey Martínez

2014-01-01

1. La emergencia y centralidad del problema relativo al lugar constitucional de la homosexualidad 2. La homosexualidad en el derecho europeo 2.1 La homosexualidad ante el tribunal europeo de derechos humanos 2.2 La homosexualidad en el ordenamiento jurídico comunitario 3. ¿Está protegida la homosexualidad por la Constitución? 3.1 Homosexualidad, intimidad y libertad 3.2 Homosexualidad e igualdad 4. El contenido de la prohibición de discriminación por razón de orientación sexual. El problema d...

Energy Made in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruiz del Arbol, M.

2011-01-01

Spain is the first country in Europe and the second worldwide in installed thermoelectric solar power, the second place in Europe and fourth worldwide in wind energy. Moreover, Spain is the second country in photovoltaic energy so in Europe as in the World.

Parameters, Journal of the US Army War College, Volume 15, Number 4, Winter 1985.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-01-01

too high.36 The scars of itarian and totalitarian states with disen- this war 8000 miles from the American franchised , mobilized populations. To adapt...Former - " - the activities of Soviet front groups and Under Secretary of State Lawrence Eagle- foreign communist parties. All active burger has...and branded * US pressure on Spain over NATO the Sketch and Tribune stories totally false, entry (forged 1981 Reagan- King Juan Carlos the allegation

El debate de la sucesión del Líder Supremo en Irán: La influencia de los Pāsdārān en el imaginario político post ‘Alī Jamenehēī

OpenAIRE

Garduño García, Moisés

2012-01-01

Este artículo aborda el debate de la sucesión de ‘Alī Jamenēī como Líder Supremo en Irán. Se pretende demostrar que el cargo político más importante de la República Islámica lo ostentará un personaje que actúe a favor de los intereses de los Pāsdārān y no a favor del principio del “más docto” que, constitucionalmente, es el prioritario y más deseable para tener el cargo. Los candidatos de los Pāsdārān deberán competir con los candidatos provenientes de otros centros de poder importantes en Ir...

7 CFR 319.56-34 - Clementines from Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Clementines from Spain. 319.56-34 Section 319.56-34... Clementines from Spain. Clementines (Citrus reticulata) from Spain may only be imported into the United States... agreement. Clementines from Spain may be imported only if the Government of Spain or its designated...

Spain's marketing sector seeing more changes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This paper reports that Spain's petroleum marketing sector continues to restructure. Partly state owned Repsol SA and Royal Dutch/Shell Group are discussing supplying each other's retail outlets in the UK and Spain. And Portugal's state owned Petroleos de Portugal (Petrogal), seeking to sharply expand retail operations in Spain, complains of government interference with foreign investment in Spanish marketing. Meantime, Conoco Inc. Has agreed with Saras SpA Raffinerie Sarde, Milan, to set up a network of service stations in northern Spain and Portugal at a cost of 100 billion pesetas (%972 million). The two are considering building an oil terminal at the port city of Gijon in Asturias, Spain, and the Exxon Corp., Total, and Shell are interested in participating in the project

Forum on stakeholder confidence: Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vari, A.; Pescatore, C.

2006-01-01

The FSC workshop in Spain provided an important opportunity to carry out an in-depth examination of decision-making processes undertaken in an NEA member country, and to reflect on the evolution that has taken place over time. It offered a well-rounded perspective on the inclusion of stakeholders in decision making, and the atmosphere of the meetings was conducive to an honest and open exchange of ideas. The workshop started with the introduction of two case studies: the earlier attempt in Spain to locate a potential site for a high-level waste (HLW) disposal facility, and the dismantling of the Vandellos-I nuclear power plant. This was followed by two days of presentations and round-table discussions based on the recent COWAM Spain initiative (stemming from the EU-wide project on Community Waste Management), which aims at developing recommendations for institutional arrangements and decision-making processes concerning the siting of waste management facilities in Spain. This article provides a brief summary of the case studies and the COWAM Spain initiative, followed by some of the lessons learnt from an international perspective. (authors)

RESTRIÇÃO AO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: OBJEÇÕES ORÇAMENTÁRIAS NO ENTENDIMENTO DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DE SANTA CATARINA DE 2001 A 2012 / RESTRICTION TO RIGHT OF CHILD EDUCATION: BUDGET RESTRICTIONS ACCORDING TO UNDERSTANDING OF THE COURT OF SANTA CATARI

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Marilia Wesseler Jung

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa estabeleceu e analisou a evolução temporal do entendimento do Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina quanto à efetivação do direito fundamental ao ensino infantil diante das restrições orçamentárias. O método consiste no levantamento de decisões relativas ao fornecimento de vagas em creches e pré-escolas exaradas pelo Tribunal por meio de pesquisa no website oficial, sem corte temporal e selecionadas as que direta ou indiretamente se referiam a objeções orçamentárias. Foram encontradas 154 decisões entre 2001 e 2012, organizadas por ano de julgamento e, em cada ano, pelo binômio efetivação/não efetivação do direito, fornecendo a análise quantitativa. A análise qualitativa consiste na extração da argumentação jurídica a favor ou contra a efetivação do direito à educação infantil, explicitando o entendimento do Tribunal no que se refere à esfera orçamentária e à sua arguição, a fim de obstar o direito em análise. Verificou-se que até 2006, o Tribunal posicionava-se pela prevalência das restrições, furtando-se a interferir nas políticas orçamentárias. A partir do referido ano, com poucas exceções, as decisões são no sentido de assegurar o direito ao ensino infantil como um direito absoluto. Concluiu-se que a melhor forma de o Poder Judiciário assegurar o direito à educação infantil é ordenando a inclusão de recursos necessários à ampliação da oferta de vagas nos programas orçamentários dos Entes Públicos, possibilitando um fornecimento homogêneo. Palavras-chave: Direitos sociais. Ensino infantil. Restrições orçamentárias. Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina. Ativismo judicial.

Capacitación a partidos políticos desde el organismo electoral: La experiencia costarricense de cara a las Elecciones Municipales 2016

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Jennifer Gutiérrez Barboza

2017-07-01

Full Text Available En Costa Rica, a partir del año 2011, el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (TSE asumió la tarea de brindar asesoría y acompañamiento a los partidos políticos; desde ese momento se han ejecutado varias acciones de diagnóstico y evaluación que han permitido la construcción de agendas anuales de capacitación, las cuales han contemplado tanto los intereses de los partidos políticos, como los del Organismo Electoral. El 2015 -como año preelectoral- constituyó un periodo clave para la capacitación a partidos políticos por dos motivos principales, el primero de ellos la celebración de las primeras elecciones municipales completamente separadas de los comicios nacionales; y en segundo lugar, el aumento significativo en el número de organizaciones partidarias, inscritas todas ellas, con condiciones organizacionales y necesidades de capacitación diversas. Por esta razón, el artículo centra su análisis en la reconstrucción del camino transitado durante la capacitación de las estructuras partidarias de cara a las Elecciones Municipales 2016

Governance in Córdoba’s Mixed Tribunal: A Study on Microphysics of Power Governance in Córdoba’s Mixed Tribunal: A Study on Microphysics of Power

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Santiago Abel Amietta

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Córdoba is the first province of Argentina to adopt lay participation for the decision of criminal cases. Since 2005, a mixed tribunal of 8 lays and 3 judges decide some criminal cases by the rule of majority. Drawing on in-depth interviews with judges, other officials and jurors, this thesis explores this unique encounter of legal professionals and lays from the perspective of “microphysics of power” as put forward by Michel Foucault. The analysis first focuses on legal professionals’ perceptions of jurors and unveils how these perceptions construct jurors as a problem that needs to be governed. Secondly I discuss the tools of governance put into practice by legal professionals and the Judiciary to direct jurors’ conduct and argue that the interaction between lays and professionals is largely demarked by the mutual operation of power relations and knowledge. Next I look to jurors’ narratives to unravel their practices of self-governance and finally I trace the possibility of the emergence of resistant discourses by focusing on the narrative of a single juror. All in all this thesis constitutes an important departure from the previous body of work about lay participation in criminal justice by its theoretical approach and methodological advantages. It aims to make, by the theoretically informed analysis of relevant qualitative data, fruitful contributions both to the field of inquiries on jury trials and to more general discussions on how power in its myriad forms shapes subjectivities and governs conducts whilst circulates and is resisted against.

Tribunal simulado: efeito da ordem das teses e do antecedente do réu

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Ronaldo Pilati

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Dois estudos experimentais de tribunal simulado tiveram como objetivo avaliar o efeito do antecedente criminal do réu e da ordem de apresentação das teses de acusação e defesa na deliberação de jurados. No primeiro foi realizado um delineamento fatorial 2 (ordem das teses X 2 (perfil do réu do qual participaram 123 estudantes, que assistiram a um julgamento simulado gravado em vídeo. Os resultados indicaram que houve tendência de condenação e que a ordem e o perfil não influenciam na deliberação, mas que o desempenho dos atores do vídeo exerceu efeito significativo na deliberação. No segundo estudo o caso foi apresentado de forma textual, sem apoio do vídeo. Apenas a variável perfil fez parte do delineamento e participaram do estudo 54 estudantes. Os resultados indicaram que o perfil não exerceu efeito na deliberação, mas a amostra tendeu a absolver o réu. Processos sócio-cognitivos precisam ser melhor investigados em estudos futuros.

Regulatory changes to renewable energy support schemes: An international investment law perspective

OpenAIRE

Paleckaite, Gintare

2014-01-01

Thesist analyzes how regulatory changes related to renewable energy investment support schemes can be perceived under international investment law standards and how possible decisions of international investment law tribunals could impact investment in this sector. This research is based on case studies of two states: Spain and the Czech Republic and claims against them. These cases will assist in analyzing the effects of the amendment/revocation of renewable energy support schemes. Answers t...

Fortresses and Icebergs: The Evolution of the Transatlantic Defense Market and the Implications for U.S. National Security Policy. Volume 1: Study Findings and Recommendations

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

public data, World Wide Web research, and any reports and analysis developed by that nation’s government or by other defense experts and analysts...europe.org/Objects/2/Files/ WEB %20Common%20Indus- try%20Standards.pdf . 37 “Siemens settles bribery cases,” International Herald Tribune (Dec. 15, 2008...GD European Land Combat Systems to oversea GDLS’ European subsidiaries. Subsidiaries shown below. Santa Barbara Sistemas SA Spain Acquired from

O CASO DA VAQUEJADA ENTRE O SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL E O PODER LEGISLATIVO: A QUEM CABE A ÚLTIMA PALAVRA?

OpenAIRE

Carvalho, Márcia Haydée Porto de; Murad, Rakel Dourado

2017-01-01

Analisa-se teorias dos diálogos institucionais a partir do caso "Vaquejada", tendo marco inicial a Lei nº 15.299/2013 do Ceará, declarada inconstitucional em ADI 4983/CE, e edição da Emenda Constitucional nº 96/2017. Assim, questiona-se a legitimidade do Poder Judiciário ter a última palavra em interpretação constitucional. Pressupõe-se constitucional a legitimidade deste para exercer fiscalização dos atos do Poder Legislativo, desde que provocado. Assim, estuda-se a repartição de poderes, de...

The Supreme Federal Court of Brazil and the law of oil; O Supremo Tribunal Federal e a Lei do petroleo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reis, Marcio Monteiro

2008-07-01

The following paper aims to analyze the local oil legal framework and the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court ('STF') footprint pursuant Constitutional Amendment n. 5. Such Amendment allowed local and international companies to act in the Brazilian oil market. This paper also analyses Law 9.478, which created the National Oil Agency ('ANP') with great innovations to the market. Therefore, a historic timeline comparing the enactment of such rules 'vis-a-vis' certain issues raised before STF through Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality will be presented (author)

Demand for radiotherapy in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez, A; Borrás, J M; López-Torrecilla, J; Algara, M; Palacios-Eito, A; Gómez-Caamaño, A; Olay, L; Lara, P C

2017-02-01

Assessing the demand for radiotherapy in Spain based on existing evidence to estimate the human resources and equipment needed so that every person in Spain has access to high-quality radiotherapy when they need it. We used data from the European Cancer Observatory on the estimated incidence of cancer in Spain in 2012, along with the evidence-based indications for radiotherapy developed by the Australian CCORE project, to obtain an optimal radiotherapy utilisation proportion (OUP) for each tumour. About 50.5 % of new cancers in Spain require radiotherapy at least once over the course of the disease. Additional demand for these services comes from reradiation therapy and non-melanoma skin cancer. Approximately, 25-30 % of cancer patients with an indication for radiotherapy do not receive it due to factors that include access, patient preference, familiarity with the treatment among physicians, and especially resource shortages, all of which contribute to its underutilisation. Radiotherapy is underused in Spain. The increasing incidence of cancer expected over the next decade and the greater frequency of reradiations necessitate the incorporation of radiotherapy demand into need-based calculations for cancer services planning.

7 CFR 319.56-31 - Peppers from Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Peppers from Spain. 319.56-31 Section 319.56-31... from Spain. Peppers (fruit) (Capsicum spp.) may be imported into the United States from Spain only... subpart: (a) The peppers must be grown in the Alicante or Almeria Province of Spain in pest-proof...

Oil sector in Spain: Final adaptation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marin-Quemada, J.M.

1992-01-01

This paper analyzes organizational and marketing changes occurring in Spain's oil industry as a result of its conversion from a state run monopoly system to a free market system. The analysis uses statistical data to indicate national oil production, import and consumption trends and compares these with overall trends in the European Communities. An explanation of the way in which oil is marketed in Spain makes reference to data on Spain's refining capacity and pipeline network, deemed to be amongst the most complete and modern in Europe. Comments are also made on the efficacy of Spain's national energy policies which stress energy source diversification to lessen this country's heavy dependence on foreign supplied oil

The Actual Problems of Modern Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalya E. Anikeeva

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The important aim of national and Spanish historiography and political science is to study history and foreign policy of modern Spain. The author studied articles and monographies of spanish politicians and researchers ( M. Rahoy, I. Aries, A. Rubalcaba, I. Molina for the preparation of this article during the scientific trip to Madrid (Complutense University, Faculty of Political Science and Sociology, which was held in the framework of cooperation between the Bank Santander and MGIMO (University. The paper analyzes the political and economic aspects of life in Spain, and its foreign policy of the period of government of Mariano Rajoy (from 2011 to the present time. The article is dedicated to actual problems of modern Spain: the economy and the priorities of the government of M.Rajoy, the problem of separatism and political system of the country. Modern Spain is still recovering economically from the euro debt crisis and continues to struggle with near-record unemployment. Domestic economic recovery of Spain and the country's foreign position are closely linked. The European integration process still remains the main strategic task of the spanish foreign policy. Spain increases its role in world politics and obtains a non-permanent UN's Security Council seat for the 2015-2016 term.

Nuclear material control in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Velilla, A.

1988-01-01

A general view about the safeguards activities in Spain is presented. The national system of accounting for and control of nuclear materials is described. The safeguards agreements signed by Spain are presented and the facilities and nuclear materials under these agreements are listed. (E.G.) [pt

The claiming of the principle of proportionality: the acces of justice in the constitution O (re clamar do princípio da proporcionalidade: acesso à justiça na constituição

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valéria Ribas do Nascimento

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The constitutional principles possess determinative action in the effectiveness of all legal system. They act as the starting point for the interpretation of the constitutional and infraconstitutional rules. Amongst the principles that integrate the Constitutional Law, the principle of the proportionality receives more prominence, also in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Federal Court. This principle is not approved explicitly by the Constitution, but it exists in the legal world through hermeneutic process. Therefore is the necessity of verifying the effectiveness of this principle and its relation with the basic rights, through the study of the Constitution and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Federal Court. Thus, the present subject is of great relevance, so that, it approaches, regarding the solution of conflicts referent to the basic rights, as well as the access to justice in the Constitution. It acts, therefore in the protection of rights considered relevant for individuals and, consequently for the society. Being this afore stated, the importance of this principle is observed, directly related to the effectiveness of the guarantees of the individuals and to the promises of the Brazilian Democratic State. The used methodology is the dialectic that starts from the contraposition of ideas between different authors.Os princípios constitucionais possuem ação determinante na efetivação de todo o ordenamento jurídico. Eles atuam como ponto de partida para a interpretação das normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais. Dentre os princípios que integram o Direito Constitucional, ganha cada vez mais destaque, inclusive na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, o princípio da proporcionalidade. Este princípio não é consagrado explicitamente pela Carta Constitucional, mas existe no mundo jurídico através do processo hermenêutico. Por isso a necessidade de se verificar a efetividade desse princípio e sua relação com os

The development and effectiveness of international administrative law on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

International administrative law, or more precisely the law of the international civil service, has been the focus of increased attention in recent years. A part of the discussion has focused on the design of the justice mechanisms of international organizations, exemplified by the overhaul of the internal justice system of the United Nations in 2009. The internal justice systems of some international organizations have been subjected to scrutiny before some national courts, and the role and contribution of international administrative tribunals to the development of the law continue to be an important part of discussions of good governance and accountability of international organizations. The essays in this book, written by judges, practitioners, academics and other experts, address these and other issues.

Early Childhood Inclusion in Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Giné, Climent; Balcells-Balcells, Anna; Cañadas, Margarita; Paniagua, Gema

2016-01-01

This article describes early childhood inclusion in educational settings in Spain. First, we address the legislative framework of preschool education in Spain and offer a brief analysis of some relevant issues, including the current situation of early childhood education and inclusion at this stage. Second, current policies and practices relating…

Molecular Gastronomy in Spain

OpenAIRE

García-Segovia, Purificación; Garrido, María Dolores; Vercet Tormo, Antonio; Arboleya, Juan Carlos; FISZMAN DAL SANTO, SUSANA; Martínez Monzó, Javier; Laguarda, Sergio; Palacios, Victor; Ruiz Carrascal, Jorge

2014-01-01

[EN] Beyond the overwhelming international success of Ferrán Adria, Spain has been one of the countries with a more active implication in molecular gastronomy as a scientific discipline but also in the use of ingredients, technologies, and equipment from the scientificand technological universe in the culinary area. Nowadays, this is a well-established discipline in Spain, with a number of research groups covering related topics, several companies commercializing appliances and additives worl...

PSA results and trends for Spain's NPPs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carretero, J.A.

1993-01-01

The Spain regulatory authority CSN demanded performance of PSA for all Spain nuclear power plants. The specific data analysis carried out as a part of the PSA has contributed to the realistic view on the results which could be achieved by the PSA. The main characteristics of the PSA in Spain and PSA trends in the development are presented in the paper

Spain: Success story in space

Science.gov (United States)

Longdon, Norman

From the early 1960's, European governments were aware that they had to take part in the exploration, and potential exploitation, of space, or be left behind in a field of high-technology that had far-reaching possibilities. It was also realized that financial and manpower constraints would limit the extent to which individual nations could carry out their own national programs. They, therefor, joined forces in two organizations: the European Space Research Organization (ESRO) and the European Launcher Development Organization (ELDO). By 1975, when the potential of space development had been more fully appreciated, the two organizations were merged into the Europeans Space Agency (ESA) of which Spain was a founding member. ESA looks after the interest of 13 member states, one associated member state (Finland), and one cooperating state (Canada) in the peaceful uses of space. Its programs center around a mandatory core of technological research and space science to which member states contribute on the basis of their Gross National Product. Spain in 1992 contributes 6.46% to this mandatory program budget. The member states then have the chance to join optional programs that include telecommunications, observation of the earth and its environment, space transportation systems, microgravity research, and participation in the European contribution to the International Space Station Freedom. Each government decides whether it is in its interest to join a particular optional program, and the percentage that it wishes to contribute to the budget. Although in the early days of ESA, Spain participated in only a few optional programs, today Spain makes a significant contribution to nearly all of ESA's optional programs. This document presents Spain's contributions to particular ESA Programs and discusses Spain's future involvement in ESA.

O ESTUPRO ENQUANTO GENOCÍDIO NO TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL PARA RUANDA: UM ESTUDO DO CASO AKAYESU / RAPE AS GENOCIDE AT THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT FOR RWANDA: A STUDY OF AKAYESU CASE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Soares Lippi

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho pretendeu estudar o caso Akayesu, do Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda, sob uma perspectiva de gênero, mais especificamente a sua decisão, pioneira no Direito Internacional, de considerar que o estupro pode constituir genocídio. Pretendeu-se analisar quais são as implicações desse caso para o Direito Internacional e para as abordagens feministas do Direito, e se elas são adequadas para explicar esse fenômeno. O método escolhido foi o estudo de caso. Isto garante um estudo mais profundo da decisão. A fonte primária utilizada foi o julgado de primeiro grau do caso Akayesu. Além disso, empreendeu-se revisão bibliográfica não somente sobre o caso em tela, mas também sobre o crime de genocídio. Também se empreendeu mapeamento da opinião de autores feministas sobre o caso Akayesu e sobre o estupro enquanto genocídio, de forma a verificar se os conceitos utilizados por essas autoras dão conta de explicar esse fenômeno. Palavras-chave: Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda. Caso Akayesu. Gênero. Genocídio. Estupro.

THE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR BEST PRACTICES SHARING IN A DATABASE AT THE TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA PRIMEIRA REGIÃO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Mazo Santos de Miranda

2010-08-01

Full Text Available A quick, effective and powerful alternative for knowledge management is the systematic sharing of best practices. This study identified in the literature recommendations for structuring a best practices database and summarized the benefits of its deployment to the Tribunal Regional Federal da Primeira Região TRF - 1ª Região. A It was conducted a quantitative research was then carried out, with the distribuition of where questionnaires were distributed to federal judges of the TRF- 1ª Região, which was divided into 4 parts: magistrate profile, flow of knowledge / information, internal environment, organizational facilitator. As a result, we identified the need to have a best practices database in the Institution for the organizational knowledge identification, transfer and sharing. The conclusion presents recommendations for the development of the database and highlights its importance for knowledge management in an organization.

48 CFR 252.229-7005 - Tax exemptions (Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Tax exemptions (Spain... of Provisions And Clauses 252.229-7005 Tax exemptions (Spain). As prescribed in 229.402-70(e), use the following clause: Tax Exemptions (Spain) (JUN 1997) (a) The Contractor represents that the...

O assassinato de um homossexual diante de um tribunal da Capital da República em meados do século XX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rivail Carvalho Rolim

2013-05-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2013000100017 O objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar como o assassinato de um homossexual foitratado em um tribunal da Capital da República em meados do século XX. Os autos criminaispodem revelar aspectos significativos sobre a aplicação do direito nas instâncias judiciais.Ressaltamos como a cultura jurídico-penal no país continuou reproduzindo os mesmos padrõessocioculturais das culturas jurídico-penais ocidentais; em última instância, condenando o prazerou pelo menos determinadas formas de senti-lo. Da mesma forma, inferimos que, por intermédioda legalidade processual, se reprimiu determinado comportamento sexual, já que a legalidadeformal não preceituava a homossexualidade como crime.

Spain investigates PLEX options

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hevia, F.

1990-01-01

Spain's nuclear generation capacity will be reduced by some 6000MWe by the year 2015 if decommissioning of the units currently in operation takes place at the end of their 40-year design life. Bearing this in mind, in 1988 the Santa Maria de Garona BWR and the Jose Cabrera PWR were chosen by their respective owners as reference units for plant life extension (PLEX) activities. These plants are the oldest of their types operating in Spain and PLEX programmes were already under way. (author)

Marriage strategies among immigrants in Spain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sánchez-Domínguez, M.; de Valk, H.A.G.; Reher, D.S.

2011-01-01

This paper studies patterns of endogamous marriages of immigrants in Spain by using data from the National Immigrant Survey of Spain (2007). First of all, we examine patterns of endogamous marriage and links between migration and marriage. Second, we assess the factors influencing the likelihood of

Un acercamiento al modelo de fiscalización de las finanzas partidarias: su robustecimiento a partir de la ley No. 8765

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ronald Chacón Badilla

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Mediante este artículo se describe el modelo de fiscalización sobre las finanzas partidarias, implementado por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, y que encuentra asidero en las principales atribuciones que se derivan de la promulgación del nuevo Código Electoral (Ley N.º 8765 del 2 de setiembre de 2009. Para tales efectos, se analizan las nuevas atribuciones del Órgano Electoral en materia de financiamiento partidario, entre las que destaca la realización de auditorías, tramitación de denuncias y elaboración de estudios especiales, revisión de liquidaciones de gastos y análisis de estados financieros, lo cual se complementa con la exposición de los principales resultados de su puesta en práctica. Las consideraciones realizadas en este artículo en relación con el modelo de cita, deben ser entendidas dentro de un escenario que obliga a una reflexión permanente, con miras a un mejoramiento continuo, de la legislación actual y de la condición técnica de las instancias involucradas en el desafiante proceso de fiscalización del régimen económico de los partidos políticos

Concepções de identidade nacional, a ditadura civil-militar, a conciliação e o “homem cordial”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moraes, Thiago Aguiar de

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções de identidade nacional no livro Brasil: sempre, de Marco Pollo Giordani, e relacionar estas concepções com seu contexto de produção pautado pela guerra da memória entre militares e militantes, a Lei da Anistia de 1979, e a redemocratização. O autor enfatizou o “coração grande” como essência do povo brasileiro, caracterizando a ideia de “homem cordial” preconizada por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. A mobilização desta ideia remete à conciliação e à concórdia, que acabaram por justificar, no livro de Giordani, a vitória dos militares sobre os “comunistas” em 1964 devido ao fato da essência do brasileiro ser contrária ao “comunismo”, pois seria um regime baseado no “ódio”. A concórdia também pautou a recente opção do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF por não revisar a Lei da Anistia, contemplando a ideia de conciliação através do voto de Cezar Peluso, atual presidente do STF

Bases de datos genealógicas costarricenses: un servicio de información base para estudios sociales y antropológicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Arroyo Herrera Arroyo Herrera

2011-10-01

Full Text Available El registro de genealogías familiares es de suma importancia para los estudios genéticos, sociológicos e históricos. Costa Rica, por medio del Registro Nacional y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, cuenta con una base de datos digitalizada a partir de mediados de los años 60 del siglo XX y con registros completos en papel desde finales del siglo XIX. Los registros nacionales en materia de genealogías tienen un valor potencial incalculable; sin embargo, no se encuentran en formato utilizable o de fácil acceso para estudios genealógicos, históricos, sociales o antropológicos. Este estudio presenta diferentes enfoques de aplicación de las bases de datos genealógicas y es parte de la propuesta, el disponer de dicha información de tal forma que permita propiciar un servicio nacional de información, el cual posibilite soportar los trabajos de campo para proyectos de investigación en diferentes disciplinas científicas.Para lograr lo anterior, se presenta un conjunto de consideraciones técnicas informáticas que posibilitarían el establecimiento de dicho servicio.

HERMENÊUTICA FILOSÓFICA E A COMPREENSÃO DA REGRA DE DIVULGAÇÃO NOMINAL DOS VENCIMENTOS DOS SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS SEM RECURSIVIDADE À PONDERAÇÃO / PHILOSOPHICAL HERMENEUTICS AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE NOMINAL DISCLOSURE RULE OF THE CIVIL SERVANTS’ SALARIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Afonso Brum Vaz

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Enfrenta-se no presente ensaio a questão da publicação nominal dos salários dos servidores públicos via internet. Tendo-se estabelecido indeterminação sobre a norma que se deve extrair dos princípios aparentemente conflitantes (vida privada e publicidade ou transparência, intenta-se demonstrar que a solução mais adequada pode ser alcançada pela Hermenêutica Filosófica de Gadamer, acoplada à Teoria da Integridade e Coerência dos Princípios de Dworkin, sem recursividade à ponderação, sustentada pelas Teorias dos Princípios, da Colisão e da Argumentação, de Robert Alexy. Defendo que existem maneiras de compatibilizar os direitos fundamentais em aparente conflito sem que haja necessidade de sacrifício do núcleo essencial de qualquer deles. Estando ausente a necessidade de uma investida sobre a vida privada dos agentes públicos para alcançar a publicidade, as decisões judiciais sobre a matéria, inclusive do Supremo Tribunal Federal, padecem do vício de inconstitucionalidade.   Palavras-chave: Direitos fundamentais. Vida privada. Proporcionalidade. Teoria da Colisão. Hermenêutica Filosófica.

DA NECESSIDADE DE EFETUAÇÃO DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DA VÍTIMA NOS CRIMES DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA CONTRA A MULHER, À LUZ DA AÇÃO DIRETA DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE 4.424/DF.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ozana Rodrigues Boritza

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho possui a finalidade de discutir acerca da necessidade de efetuação da representação criminal da vítima, em casos de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, sob o enfoque da decisão proferida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no julgamento da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 4.424/DF. Procurar-se-á demonstrar quão antiga é a condição de submissão da mulher, através de um estudo das sociedades ao longo da história, abordando suas características, a fim de identificar a herança deixada por estas para a sociedade atual. Será apreciada a Lei 11.340/06 (Maria da Penha, destacando as razões de sua criação, seus objetivos, fins sociais e as modificações que efetuou no ordenamento jurídico nacional ao entrar em vigor. Buscar-se-á entender no que consiste a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, suas formas de expressão, as peculiaridades presentes em tal situação, vislumbrando elencar também os motivos que impedem muitas vítimas de denunciar seus agressores.

78 FR 6227 - Importation of Fresh Apricots From Continental Spain

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-30

.... APHIS-2011-0132] RIN 0579-AD62 Importation of Fresh Apricots From Continental Spain AGENCY: Animal and... continental Spain. As a condition of entry, fresh apricots from continental Spain would have to be produced in... organization of Spain certifying that the fruit is free from all quarantine pests and has been produced in...

INES in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zarzuela, J.

1997-01-01

The presentation discusses the INES activities in Spain addressing the following issues: applicability; rating procedure; public information; activities in 1997; events above level 0 (October 1996 - September 1997); difficulties

Cancer incidence in Spain, 2015.

Science.gov (United States)

Galceran, J; Ameijide, A; Carulla, M; Mateos, A; Quirós, J R; Rojas, D; Alemán, A; Torrella, A; Chico, M; Vicente, M; Díaz, J M; Larrañaga, N; Marcos-Gragera, R; Sánchez, M J; Perucha, J; Franch, P; Navarro, C; Ardanaz, E; Bigorra, J; Rodrigo, P; Bonet, R Peris

2017-07-01

Periodic cancer incidence estimates of Spain from all existing population-based cancer registries at any given time are required. The objective of this study was to present the current situation of cancer incidence in Spain. The Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) estimated the numbers of new cancer cases occurred in Spain in 2015 by applying the incidence-mortality ratios method. In the calculus, incidence data from population-based cancer registries and mortality data of all Spain were used. In 2015, nearly a quarter of a million new invasive cancer cases were diagnosed in Spain, almost 149,000 in men (60.0%) and 99,000 in women. Globally, the five most common cancers were those of colon-rectum, prostate, lung, breast and urinary bladder. By gender, the four most common cancers in men were those of prostate (22.4%), colon-rectum (16.6%), lung (15.1%) and urinary bladder (11.7%). In women, the most common ones were those of breast (28.0%), colon-rectum (16.9%), corpus uteri (6.2%) and lung (6.0%). In recent years, cancer incidence in men seems to have stabilized due to the fact that the decrease in tobacco-related cancers compensates for the increase in other types of cancer like those of colon and prostate. In women, despite the stabilization of breast cancer incidence, increased incidence is due, above all, to the rise of colorectal and tobacco-related cancers. To reduce these incident cancer cases, improvement of smoking control policies and extension of colorectal cancer screening should be the two priorities in cancer prevention for the next years.

Teaching Gender and Geography in Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia-Ramon, Maria-Dolors

2011-01-01

Since the introduction of gender themes into university teaching in geography in Spain in 1989, significant gains have been made but challenges remain in relation to placing gender into undergraduate curricula and developing teaching resources in local languages. Geographers in Spain have to meet those challenges in the near future in order to…

Los efectos jurídicos del fallo del Excelentísimo Tribunal Constitucional sobre la llamada “píldora del día después”

OpenAIRE

Ángela Vivanco M.

2008-01-01

El tema de la llamada “píldora del día después” o “píldora del día siguiente” se inició en Chile con una serie de acciones ante los tribunales ordinarios con resultados muy contradictorios, tras lo cual el fallo del Tribunal Constitucional de abril de 2008 resultó una importante definición acerca del estatuto del embrión humano, la protección de la vida y el principio precautorio aplicado a ella, aunque no pudo extenderse a todas las materias relacionadas con la PDD por ser la competencia del...

75 FR 51113 - Chlorinated Isocyanurates From China and Spain

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-18

... Isocyanurates From China and Spain AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Scheduling of... and Spain. SUMMARY: The Commission hereby gives notice of the scheduling of expedited reviews pursuant... revocation of the antidumping duty orders on chlorinated isocyanurates from China and Spain would be likely...

78 FR 32183 - Importation of Avocados From Continental Spain

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-29

.... APHIS-2012-0002] RIN 0579-AD63 Importation of Avocados From Continental Spain AGENCY: Animal and Plant... continental Spain (excluding the Balearic Islands and Canary Islands) into the United States. This action will... avocados from continental Spain (excluding the Balearic Islands and Canary Islands) into the United States...

Quality assurance in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Villate, J.

1980-01-01

The first part of this lecture is devoted to present the energy program in Spain and the three generations of nuclear plants. The evolution of QA is outlined pointing out how IAEA Codes of Practice on QA is now a requirement and also how USA regulations, codes and standards have constituted, up to now, the main framework to develop QA activities in Spain. A general idea is given of the Spanish program of courses to qualify the personnel to be involved in QA tasks in nuclear power plants. Finally a general scheme is given, emphasizing the three main aspects: design, procurement and fabrication; construction (QA on site). (orig./RW)

La descongestión en la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa. Una visión desde el Tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Augusto Torres Calderón

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La Jurisdicción de lo Contencioso Administrativo está muy congestionada. Para solucionar esta situación son necesarias varias medidas: 1. Disminuir los términos de caducidad (plazo legal dentro del cual la persona perjudicada debe presentar la demanda, vencido el cual ya no es posible formularla de las acciones contenciosas ordinarias; 2. Exigir a los abogados litigantes la presentación, como anexos de la demanda o de su contestación, de la mayoría de los documentos que quieran hacer valer en el proceso para disminuir el periodo probatorio y de las pruebas practicadas dentro del mismo; 3. Aumentar tanto los gastos que debe sufragar el demandante para que se le tramite el proceso, como la imposición de costas (multa pecuniaria que se impone a una de las partes para la parte vencida en el pleito; 4. Transferir a la Jurisdicción Ordinaria Civil, asuntos actualmente asignados a la Contenciosa y en especial los procesos ejecutivos, los de restitución de inmueble arrendado y los de responsabilidad por falla médica; 5. Eliminar acciones constitucionales mal diseñadas por el legislador, que no han tenido una eficacia real, como la acción de repetición (cuando la entidad pública condenada a pagar una indemnización demanda al servidor público causante de la condena, las acciones populares por moralidad pública y las acciones de grupo; 6. Equilibrar las cargas dentro de las secciones del Tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca, de tal suerte que parte de los asuntos de las muy congestionadas secciones Segunda y Tercera (el nombre de las Salas de decisión dentro del Tribunal, pase a la Primera y la Cuarta, bastante descongestionadas; 7. Extender la perención (terminación anormal del proceso por inactividad de la parte demandante en contra de las entidades públicas demandantes cuando estas no cumplen con sus cargas procesales; 8. Eliminar la aprobación de las conciliaciones prejudiciales por parte de los Tribunales Administrativos

ITER site selection studies in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Medrano, M.; Alejaldre, C.; Doncel, J.; Garcia, A.; Ibarra, A.; Jimenez, J.A.; Sanchez de Mora, M.A.; Alcala, F.; Diez, J.E.; Dominguez, M.; Albisu, F.

2003-01-01

The studies carried out to evaluate and select a candidate site for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) construction in Spain are presented in this paper. The ITER design, completed in July 2001, considered a number of technical requirements that must be fulfilled by the selected site. Several assumptions concerning the ITER site were made in order to carry on the design before final site selection. In the studies undertaken for ITER site selection in Spain, the referred technical requirements and assumptions were applied across the whole of Spain and two areas were identified as being preferential. These areas are on the Mediterranean coast and are situated in the Catalan and Valencian regions. A comparative evaluation based on technical characteristics for the concrete plots, proposed within the preferential areas, has been done. The result of these studies was the selection of a site that was deemed to be the most competitive--Vandellos (Tarragona)--and it was proposed to the European Commission for detailed studies in order to be considered as a possible European site for ITER construction. Another key factor for hosting ITER in Spain, is the licensing process. The present status is summarised in this paper

Spain succeeds on the PWR learning curve

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Varley, J.

1982-01-01

The development of nuclear power in Spain is described. Although the programme has been delayed and cut back, success has been achieved in carrying out technology transfer. Spain now has an industry capable of exporting nuclear components, equipment and expertise. An architect-engineering capability has also developed. (U.K.)

Transparency and Good Governance in Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catalina Larach

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, transparency and Governance are relevant for Spain. Especially, for the dissatisfied citizenship and the weakness in national and local institutions over the last few years, with results like not trusting, less guarantee on healthcare and education system, the corruption in public administration, politics-economic issues, and so on. Although, in the European Union, Spain has been one of the last countries to regulate this issue, whit Act 19/2013 there are new objectives relating to open government, citizenship, technology, accountability. Moreover in relation with the structure of administration because the “commission for transparency and good governance” was initiated on last 19th January. In general, its effectiveness in moderating this issue and applying measures in order to get administration systems cleaner in countries like Spain.

Light pollution in Spain 2010

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez de Miguel, A.; Zamorano, J.; Pila-Díez, B.; Rubio, J.; Ruiz, R.; Rodríguez-Herranz, I.; González-Pérez, A.

2011-11-01

The most recent data on electricity consumption for public lighting inSpain is presented and compared with light pollution measurements asderived from night satellite imagery. NOAA-MSP images (low-resolution)and higher resolution images obtained with conventional DSLR cameras on board the International Space Station (ISS) have been used.We show that the data can be related to night sky brightness maps with a study conducted within the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Weintend to extend our work to the rest of Spain through tight collaborationwith amateur astronomers.

78 FR 32184 - Importation of Fresh Apricots From Continental Spain

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-29

.... APHIS-2011-0132] RIN 0579-AD62 Importation of Fresh Apricots From Continental Spain AGENCY: Animal and... United States of fresh apricots from continental Spain. This action will allow interested persons... importation of fruits and vegetables to allow the importation of fresh apricots from continental Spain into...

Yuran: una herramienta informática para el fortalecimiento del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad en el Honorable Tribunal de Cuentas de la provincia de Buenos Aires

OpenAIRE

Coronel, Juan Enrique; Pardo, Sebastián; Groizard, Mariano; Márquez, Germán

2016-01-01

Se presenta a Yuran, como una solución informática para facilitar la comunicación y el conocimiento de todos los procesos y procedimientos documentados que exige el estándar ISO 9001, en el ámbito del Honorable Tribunal de Cuentas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Esta herramienta facilita la interacción y trazabilidad entre los responsables de procesos y el área de Gestión de Calidad, en pos de difundir la gestión por procesos, fortalecer el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad y promover la mejora ...

Liberdade de expressão e direito à informação: os limites da atividade jornalística sob a ótica do STF e do STJ

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Andressa de Bittencourt Vieira Dantas

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Liberdade de expressão e direito à informação são os direitos fundamentais que balizam a atividade jornalística. Por seu caráter relativo, no entanto, podem entrar em rota de colisão com outros direitos, como a honra, a imagem e a privacidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivos, portanto, explicitar os limites éticos legais e as responsabilidades jurídicas atribuíveis a jornalistas e veículos de comunicação em razão do exercício profissional; estudar a regra da proporcionalidade como método de resolução de conflitos entre direitos fundamentais; analisar o entendimento jurisprudencial dos tribunais superiores acerca do conflito entre liberdade de expressão e direito à informação versus outros direitos fundamentais e como tais princípios têm sido relativizados. Dessa forma, são analisadas 41 decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça no período entre 30/04/2009 e 30/04/2015, com o intuito de esclarecer quais dos direitos em conflito têm ou não prevalecido nos casos concretos, buscando chegar uma resposta o mais fidedigna possível quanto aos reais limites da atuação jornalística e compreender se o que tem sido julgado tem criado precedentes. A pesquisa é feita de forma quali-quantitativa, descritiva e indutiva. O trabalho justifica-se pelo ineditismo da abordagem da temática e pela carência de estudos acadêmicos que tratem do embate entre liberdade de expressão e direito à informação versus outros direitos fundamentais pelo viés empírico. Os resultados buscam auxiliar a reflexão acerca do exercício midiático, avaliando de que forma a atividade jornalística pode servir à sociedade sem cometer atos ilícitos ou abusar de seus direitos balizadores.

Economic crisis and nursing in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Zabalegui, Adelaida; Cabrera, Esther

2010-07-01

The purpose of the present study is to describe the economic context in Spain and its impact on the health care sector and in nursing schools. The global economic crisis is affecting nursing in Spain. This study analyses and compares indicators related to health care and nursing schools among European countries. Some new strategies to cope with the challenges arising from the health care crisis are suggested. Health care costs are increasing as a result of the ageing of the Spanish population, immigration, chronicity of health problems and new medical technology. Nursing education has changed in 2010 from a 3-year diploma programme to a 4-year University degree in Nursing. This change requires new resources involving staff, facilities and equipment, all of which are lacking because of the economic crisis in Spain. The worldwide economic crisis has affected Spain more than it has other European Union (EU) countries. This global crisis has an impact on the health care sector as well on nursing schools. It is essential for nursing management to develop creative approaches to maintain cost effective patient care. New programmes and technology must be carefully evaluated in terms of cost effectiveness before being implemented. All health care professionals should be well informed and have a solid understanding of this situation.

University Teacher’s Evaluation in Spain

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Francisco Javier Tejedor Tejedor

2008-08-01

Full Text Available This article intends to make a brief overview about the performance evaluation for university teachers in democratic Spain. It contents: a considerations about teaching evaluation, in order to delimit the authors’ position in this matter, due to the fact that this position obviously conditions any revision; b a brief summary of the history of university teachers evaluation in Spain during the last years, since the Spanish Constitution of 1978 approval; c a typology of the evaluation plans, in order to define a map of the planning lines for evaluations applied in Spain; d the technical guidelines for teachers´ evaluation and presentation of the current model, exampled by its application in the university of Salamanca; and e as a conclusion, some considerations about the consequences of evaluation and its entailment with the professionalization of university teachers.

[Nuclear medicine in Spain: high technology 2013].

Science.gov (United States)

Soriano Castrejón, A M; Prats Rivera, E; Alonso Farto, J C; Vallejo Casas, J A; Rodriguez Gasen, A; Setoain Perego, J; Arbizu Lostao, J

2014-01-01

This article details the high technology equipment in Spain obtained through a survey sent to the three main provider companies of equipment installed in Spain. The geographical distribution of high technology by Autonomous Communities and its antiquity have been analyzed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

Construction industry accidents in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Camino López, Miguel A; Ritzel, Dale O; Fontaneda, Ignacio; González Alcantara, Oscar J

2008-01-01

This paper analyzed industrial accidents that take place on construction sites and their severity. Eighteen variables were studied. We analyzed the influence of each of these with respect to the severity and fatality of the accident. This descriptive analysis was grounded in 1,630,452 accidents, representing the total number of accidents suffered by workers in the construction sector in Spain over the period 1990-2000. It was shown that age, type of contract, time of accident, length of service in the company, company size, day of the week, and the remainder of the variables under analysis influenced the seriousness of the accident. IMPACT ON INJURY PREVENTION: The results obtained show that different training was needed, depending on the severity of accidents, for different age, length of service in the company, organization of work, and time when workers work. The research provides an insight to the likely causes of construction injuries in Spain. As a result of the analysis, industries and governmental agencies in Spain can start to provide appropriate strategies and training to the construction workers.

Implementation of the new maintenance rule in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coello, A. L.; Gerez, L.

2000-01-01

The maintenance rule involving a change in philosophy both for the facilities and regulations has been implemented in Spain nuclear power plants as from April 1st this year. The authors describe this rule and detail its fulfillment in Spain. (Author)

JURISDICCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL Y DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES: ASPECTOS A DESTACAR EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA DISCUSIÓN ESPAÑOLA Fundamental rights and constitucional jurisdition: Some features to hightlight in the spanish context discussion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Villacorta Mancebo

2011-01-01

elements for the objective order of the community, due to its immediate regulatory efficiency, its validity and guaranty affects essentially the legitimacy of the State; this explains that the main part of the same receives privileged jurisdictional protection from the Constitutional Tribunal. The imposition of the Fundamental Rights in Spain was unlikely without the guarantee of a Constitutional Tribunal being committed to the new Constitution.

Costs, outcomes and challenges for diabetes care in Spain

OpenAIRE

Lopez-Bastida, Julio; Boronat, Mauro; Moreno, Juan Oliva; Schurer, Willemien

2013-01-01

Background Diabetes is becoming of increasing concern in Spain due to rising incidence and prevalence, although little information is known with regards to costs and outcomes. The information on cost of diabetes in Spain is fragmented and outdated. Our objective is to update diabetes costs, and to identify outcomes and quality of care of diabetes in Spain. Methods We performed systematic searches from secondary sources, including scientific literature and government data and reports. Results ...

Sustainable energy communities: a study contrasting Spain and Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romero-Rubio, Carmen; Andrés Díaz, José Ramón de

2015-01-01

In recent years, several governments and organisations in the developed world have encouraged the creation of sustainable energy communities (SECs) as a strategy for achieving their energy and environmental targets. However, whereas in some of these countries (e.g., Germany), numerous SECs have been founded, there are other countries, such as Spain, where the creation and growth of SECs has been much slower. The purpose of this article is to analyse the case of Spain, to determine the causes of the lack of SECs in this country, and to propose actions adapted to the Spanish context aimed at accelerating the creation of SECs. To facilitate these tasks, we have taken the German case as a reference. The key finding is that, in contrast to Germany, in Spain, SECs have scarcely contributed to the development of RE (Renewable energy) infrastructures, despite having similar incentives for renewable electricity (until recently). Moreover, in Spain, these incentives have been drastically cut recently. Therefore, it has become even more difficult to finance a renewable electricity generation plant. That is why strategies in sectors other than renewable electricity have been suggested for the encouragement of SECs in Spain. -- Highlights: •Collective-ownership models for RE (Renewable energy) infrastructures are very widespread in Germany. •Approximately 22% of the installed renewable electricity capacity in Germany is owned by SECs. •In contrast, collective ownership of RE infrastructures is rare in Spain. •In Spain, incentives for renewable electricity have been drastically cut recently. •To encourage SECs, energy activities other than renewable electricity production are proposed

The BIG 2.04 MRC/EORTC SUPREMO Trial: pathology quality assurance of a large phase 3 randomised international clinical trial of postmastectomy radiotherapy in intermediate-risk breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, J S; Hanby, A M; Russell, N; van Tienhoven, G; Riddle, K; Anderson, N; Cameron, D A; Bartlett, J M S; Piper, T; Cunningham, C; Canney, P; Kunkler, I H

2017-05-01

SUPREMO is a phase 3 randomised trial evaluating radiotherapy post-mastectomy for intermediate-risk breast cancer. 1688 patients were enrolled from 16 countries between 2006 and 2013. We report the results of central pathology review carried out for quality assurance. A single recut haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) tumour section was assessed by one of two reviewing pathologists, blinded to the originally reported pathology and patient data. Tumour type, grade and lymphovascular invasion were reviewed to assess if they met the inclusion criteria. Slides from potentially ineligible patients on central review were scanned and reviewed online together by the two pathologists and a consensus reached. A subset of 25 of these cases was double-reported independently by the pathologists prior to the online assessment. The major contributors to the trial were the UK (75%) and the Netherlands (10%). There is a striking difference in lymphovascular invasion (LVi) rates (41.6 vs. 15.1% (UK); p = grade 3 carcinomas (54.0 vs. 42.0% (UK); p = grade and/or lymphovascular invasion status. Following online consensus review, this fell to 70 cases (16.3% of N- cases, 4.1% of all cases). These data have important implications for the design, powering and interpretation of outcomes from this and future clinical trials. If critical pathology criteria are determinants for trial entry, serious consideration should be given to up-front central pathology review.

Gambling in Spain: update on experience, research and policy.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez-Murcia, Susana; Fernández-Aranda, Fernando; Granero, Roser; Menchón, Jose Manuel

2014-10-01

To describe the current situation of gambling in Spain, sketching its history and discussing the regulations and legislation currently in force within the framework of the European Union (EU), and to review the epidemiology of gambling in Spain, the self-help groups and professional treatments available, and their potential effectiveness. A systematic computerized search was performed in three databases (EMBASE, PubMed and PsychINFO, including articles and chapters) and the reference lists from previous reviews to obtain some of the most relevant studies published up to now on the topic of pathologic gambling in Spain. Similar to other EU countries, Spain has a high prevalence of pathologic gambling, focused on specific culturally bounded types of gambling. Expenditure in online gaming has risen significantly in the last few years, prompting the Spanish government to draft new legislation to regulate gaming. The gaming industry is expected to be one of the fastest growing sectors in Spain in the coming years owing to the rise of new technologies and the development of online gaming. © 2013 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Road accidents and business cycles in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-López, Jesús; Marrero, Gustavo A; González, Rosa Marina; Leal-Linares, Teresa

2016-11-01

This paper explores the causes behind the downturn in road accidents in Spain across the last decade. Possible causes are grouped into three categories: Institutional factors (a Penalty Point System, PPS, dating from 2006), technological factors (active safety and passive safety of vehicles), and macroeconomic factors (the Great recession starting in 2008, and an increase in fuel prices during the spring of 2008). The PPS has been blessed by incumbent authorities as responsible for the decline of road fatalities in Spain. Using cointegration techniques, the GDP growth rate, the fuel price, the PPS, and technological items embedded in motor vehicles appear to be statistically significantly related with accidents. Importantly, PPS is found to be significant in reducing fatal accidents. However, PPS is not significant for non-fatal accidents. In view of these results, we conclude that road accidents in Spain are very sensitive to the business cycle, and that the PPS influenced the severity (fatality) rather than the quantity of accidents in Spain. Importantly, technological items help explain a sizable fraction in accidents downturn, their effects dating back from the end of the nineties. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nuclear energy in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isla, M.

1984-01-01

The 'Plan Energetico Nacional de 1983' (1983 National Energy Program)(PEN-83) was approved recently by the Spanish Government and presented to the 'Cortes Espanolas' (Spanish Parliament) in May 1984. The PEN-83 is being discussed at present in the Parliament and it is possible that some modifications be introduced, but expectedly will be rather limited and minor. PEN-83 covers the period 1983-1992. It includes a comparative analysis of the evolution and situation in OECD countries and in Spain. In Spain the offer, supply and consumption of primary energy and of the interrelation with other economic indicators, such as the gross domestic product, inflation rate and unemployment compared with that of the industrialized OECD countries, has shown a much lower capability to adapt its structure to the energy price increases

Inspection of nuclear fuel transport in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lobo Mendez, J.

1977-01-01

The experience acquired in inspecting nuclear fuel shipments carried out in Spain will serve as a basis for establishing the regulations wich must be adhered to for future transports, as the transport of nuclear fuels in Spain will increase considerably within the next years as a result of the Spanish nuclear program. The experience acquired in nuclear fuel transport inspection is described. (author) [es

Pharmaceutical costs of assisted reproduction in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Lorente, Maria-Reyes; Hernández, Juana; Antoñanzas, Fernando

2013-11-01

Assisted reproduction is one of the health services currently being considered for possible limitation or exclusion from the public health services portfolio in Spain. One of the main reasons claimed for this is the impact on the budget for pharmaceutical expenditure. The objective of this study was to assess the significance of the pharmaceutical costs of assisted reproduction in Spain. This study focused on medical practice in Spain, and is based on the opinions of experts in assisted reproduction and the results provided by professional societies' publications. The reference year is 2012 and the setting was secondary care. We have included all existing pharmaceutical modalities for assisted reproduction, as well as the most common drug for each modality. We have considered the pharmaceutical cost per cycle for artificial insemination, in vitro fertilisation with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF_ICSI), and cryotransfer and donated fresh oocytes reception. In Spain, artificial insemination has a pharmaceutical cost per cycle of between €69.36 and €873.79. This amounts to an average cycle cost of €364.87 for partner's sperm and €327.10 for donor sperm. The pharmaceutical cost of IVF_ICSI ranges between €278.16 and €1,902.66, giving an average cost per cycle of €1,139.65. In the case of cryotransfer and donated fresh oocytes reception, the pharmaceutical cost per cycle is between €22.61 and €58.73, yielding an average cost of €40.67. The budgetary impact of pharmaceutical expenditure for assisted reproduction in Spain for the year 2012 was estimated at €98.7 million. In Spain, the total pharmaceutical cost of assisted reproduction is substantial. According to our results, we can say that about 29% of the total pharmaceutical expenditure for assisted reproduction techniques is funded by the National Health System and the rest represents 2.4% of the total annual out-of-pocket family expenditure on drugs.

Trends in the Mental Health Act Review Tribunals: a Welsh experience 2004-2008.

Science.gov (United States)

Aziz, V M

2009-10-01

This study aims at identifying any local trend in the appeal process and to determine if we are complying with the MHA 1983 and the Code of Practice by reviewing all the appeals to Mental Health Review Tribunals in a psychiatric hospital in South Wales for the period from 2004 to 2008. The total numbers of sections and appeals remain steady over the years. Men are slightly more detained than women mainly under Sections 2 and 3 of the MH Act 1983. The main diagnoses for detention were: bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia and psychosis. 95% of cases had appeals and 5% referrals. A hearing was held in 52% of cases (n=60), the RMO discharged 38% of patients and the patient withdrew appeal in 10% of cases. 95% of cases were British White ethnicity. Single men tended to appeal more than women 68% vs. 32%. There was no observed trend in the result of the appeals and the proportions of appeal discharged by the hearing remained unchanged. The results of the appeals were not associated with gender, ethnicity, marital status, age or the type of section involved. The patients who were previously detained tend to appeal more, i.e. the more number of detentions, the more number of appeals. In only 12% of cases who had the hearings, the appeal was successful and the patients were discharged from their sections. The study shows steady volume of sections and appeals and the appeals are no more likely to result in discharge. The amendments of the Act 2007 also attract an increase in the appeal process especially in relation to the Community Treatment Orders and the Deprivation of Liberty. The use of both the Act and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 will increase workload for all involved practitioners. 2009 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine.

A prescrição tributária nos tributos sujeitos a homologação

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Nedson Fernandes Brilhante da Silva

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A prescrição tributária, objeto deste trabalho, tem como fundamento legal o artigo 174 do Código Tributário Nacional e, por conta disto, à guisa do que muitos imaginam,possui regras e natureza jurídica própria que lhe distingue da prescrição civil. A pesquisa segue como sendo descritiva quanto aos objetivos, quanto aos procedimentos bibliográfico e documental, numa abordagem qualitativa e embasamento teórico.Sendo ainda de método dedutivo se fazendo análise do conteúdo.Assim, conclui-se que toda a celeuma jurídica que envolvia otema prescrição tributária, em tributos sujeitos a homologação,somente ficou superada a partir de 04 de agosto de 2011,oportunidade em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal proferiu decisão, nos autos do Recurso Extraordinário nº. 556.621,submetido ao regime de repercussão geral, firmando o entendimento de que o prazo prescricional quinquenal tão somente deve ser aplicado às ações ajuizadas após a entrada em vigor da LC n. 118/2005, e não aos valores indevidamente recolhidos antes de sua vigência da referida lei, conforme o STJ vinha concluindo.

Los riesgos psicosociales y su reconocimiento como enfermedad ocupacional: consecuencias legales y económicas

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Pedro Álvarez Briceño

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo ofrece un análisis de los riesgos psicosociales desde una perspectiva legal y sus implicaciones para el empleador o patrono luego del reconocimiento como enfermedad ocupacional por parte del Inpsasel. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, clasificándose el estudio como una investigación documental, no experimental. El diseño de investigación fue documental explicativo.Las unidades de análisis para el desarrollo de los tópicos investigados fueron las leyes y normas que rigen la materia de salud y seguridad laboral en nuestro país:LOPCYMAT (2005; Reglamento de la LOPCYMAT (2007; la norma técnicas de INPSASEL NT- 02-2008; las Sentencias del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (2008, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2000; la Ley Orgánica del Trabajo (1997; el Código Civil (1982 y el Código Penal (2005 y los diferentes estudios e investigaciones desarrollados por instituciones e investigadores de prestigio internacional y nacional en materia de riesgos psicosociales. Se concluye, en primer lugar, que la responsabilidad legal de prevención de los riesgos psicosociales, recae sobre los mandos superiores: Gerentes, Ejecutivos, que actúan a nombre y por la empresa y finalmente se hace necesaria una adecuada comprensión de los riesgos psicosociales y sus factores para una prevención efectiva.

Constitucionalidade das convalidações de incentivos fiscais acordadas entre os estados

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José Roberto Afonso

2016-10-01

Full Text Available O Supremo Tribunal Federal julgará se é possível perdoar créditos tributários decorrentes de incentivos concedidos unilateralmente pelos Estados e Distrito Federal, no passado, se houver posterior concordância do CONFAZ sobre a matéria. Considerando que a inconstitucionalidade formal é sanável, legislação superveniente que tenha obedecido ao procedimento previsto constitucionalmente não poderia ser taxada de inconstitucional em razão de vícios de forma presentes nas legislações anteriores. Não se trata de modular a eficácia das leis anteriormente declaradas inconstitucionais. As leis mais recentes, com amparo no princípio da separação dos poderes e no pacto federativo, tratam de outra matéria, isto é, do tratamento normativo dos créditos tributários nascidos em decorrência da utilização dos benefícios fiscais declarados inconstitucionais. Impedir a referida remissão retiraria dos Estados que compõem a Federação um dos instrumentos que, no contexto do federalismo de coordenação e cooperação, possibilitam a negociação em torno dos problemas relativos à Guerra Fiscal em busca do bem-estar coletivo e em respeito às expectativas dos contribuintes.

[Heart failure mortality in Spain: is there an andalusian paradox?].

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez-Navarro, M; Gómez-Doblas, J; Molero, E; Galván, E de Teresa

2006-06-01

Congestive heart failure has a high mortality, as reflected in different clinical trials and observational studies. Spain, as other countries around the Mediterranean basin, have a relatively low rate of coronary deaths, attributed to the so-called Mediterranean lifestyle. Andalusia, in the southern most part of Spain, constitutes the paradigm of Mediterranean lifestyle. However, different reports show that the prevalence of ischemic heart disease is higher in Andalusia than in other zones of Spain. Thus the mortality rate due to heart failure in Spain in the year 2000 per 100,000 inhabitants was 27.3 in men and 28.88 in women and each one of the eight Andalusia provinces had greater rates than the national mean in both men and woman. Even in countries with a relatively low prevalence of coronary heart disease as is the case in Spain, heart failure mortality seems to be parallel to local differences in IHD prevalence.

The Relevance of Bustani Judgment of the Administrative Tribunal of the ILO for the consecration of the Principle of Autonomy of International Organizations

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Karine de Souza Silva

2016-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n73p227 The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of the judgment “Bustani” delivered by the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (ILOAT, to consolidate the principle of autonomy, considered as one of the constitutive elements of the legal personality of International Organizations. The first topic presents the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW and explains the case that culminated in the dismissal of the Director-General and led to the postulation of the demand before the ILOAT. The second topic shows the main outlines of the process, including the parties’ arguments, the legal basis and the decision of the Court. Finally, the article analyses the way of affirmation of autonomy as a raison d’être of International Organizations and presents the relevance of Bustani jurisprudence.

Wind power development in Spain, the model of Navarra

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miguel Ichaso, A. de [Energia Hidroelectrica de Navarra S.A. (EHN), Pamplona (Spain)

2000-08-01

Wind power implementation in Spain has undergone spectacular growth in recent years. From 834 Megawatts installed at the end of 1998, the figure of 1,500 MW was reached at the end of 1999 and forecasts expect well over 2,500 MW by the end of the year 2000. A favourable legislative framework and tariff structure have brought about this rate of development, which is mainly based on the implementation of large wind farms on high altitude sites in Spain. The region of Navarra (northern Spain) has played a special role in this development, and EHN, a company born in this region, has carried out major projects that have given it 30% of the Spanish wind power sector. The challenges for the sector in Spain over the next few years are: (1) Make its development compatible with the supply guarantees required by the national electricity supply operator, (2) ensure that the implementation of wind farms is done with respect for the environment, (3) harmonise the wind power development of the different Autonomous Communities of Spain, and (4) reduce the investment costs in order to obtain enough profitability with falling energy prices in the coming years. (orig.)

Taxation of nuclear waste in Spain

OpenAIRE

Rozas Valdés, José Andrés

2014-01-01

Law 15/2012 established in Spain four new environmental taxes and extended the scope objective excise duties on mineral oils to tax the use of natural gas and coal as sources of electricity. One of the newly created taxes falls on all electric power producers, and has as tax base the turnover. The second one tax hydropower production, and the other two fall on the nuclear industry. So, there are two new taxes in Spain on the production of electricity from nuclear sources. The first one is a t...

Teaching Digital Libraries in Spain: Context and Experiences

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia-Marco, Francisco-Javier

2009-01-01

The situation of digital libraries teaching and learning in Spain up to 2008 is examined. A detailed analysis of the different curricula and subjects is provided both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Digital libraries have been mostly a postgraduate topic in Spain, but they should become mainstream, with special subjects devoted to them,…

Sex Education in Spain: Teachers' Views of Obstacles

Science.gov (United States)

Martinez, Jose L.; Carcedo, Rodrigo J.; Fuertes, Antonio; Vicario-Molina, Isabel; Fernandez-Fuertes, Andres A.; Orgaz, Begona

2012-01-01

This paper offers an overview of the current state, difficulties, limitations and future possibilities for sex education in Spain. On the basis of a study involving 3760 teachers from all provinces in Spain, a detailed analysis of the obstacles at legislative, school and teacher levels was developed. Significant weaknesses were found at each of…

Catalonia and Spain at the crossroads: financial and economic aspects

OpenAIRE

Castells, Antoni (Castells Oliveres)

2014-01-01

In some large European countries, in recent decades, economic globalization has gone hand in hand with a powerful trend to political decentralization (this has been the case in the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Spain). In Spain, and after years of apparent stability, the relations between Catalonia and Spain are experiencing troubled times. This paper examines particularly the main economic effects of both the staying together and the secession scenarios. Following the introduction, the ...

What's Going On? An Overview of Adult Education Policies in Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Lucio-Villegas, Emilio

2012-01-01

In this paper, I attempt to present the state of adult education in Spain. Adult education in Spain is not unlike that of other countries in Europe in that it focuses on the policies and practices of lifelong learning rather than on the perspectives of people and communities. However, Spain has two specific characteristics that are distinctive…

Advances and trends on earthquake-triggered landslide research in Spain

OpenAIRE

García Mayordomo, Julián; Rodríguez Peces, Martín Jesús; Azañón, J.M.; Insúa Arévalo, Juan Miguel

2009-01-01

This work reviews the current situation of earthquake‐triggered landslide studies in Spain both from the point of view of regional assessment and site‐specific cases. Regional assessments have been undertaken in areas of the Betic Cordillera (South and Southeast Spain): Alcoy Basin, Lorca Basin, Granada Basin and Sierra Nevada Range; and Central Pyrenees (North Spain and Andorra). Specific studies are very scarce, outstanding those related to the Güevéjar landslide (Granada) –triggered by 175...

Spain: From massive immigration to vast emigration?

OpenAIRE

Izquierdo, Mario; Jimeno, Juan F.; Lacuesta, Aitor

2016-01-01

Large immigration flows during the 1995-2007 period increased the weight of foreigners living in Spain to 12 % of the total population. The rapid increase in unemployment associated with the Great Recession and the subsequent European debt crisis, substantially changed migration flows, so that, from the beginning of the 2010s, Spain experienced positive net outflows. In this paper, we take on three tasks. First, we show that sensitivity of migration flows to unemployment is similar between Sp...

La Protección de bienes culturales en el Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Lostal Becerril

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Since the outbreak of the Balkan war, three major events have taken place in what regards the protection of cultural property in armed conflict: the adoption of the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia which gives this court jurisdiction to try crimes against cultural and religious property; the approval of the Second Protocol to confirm and upgrade the obligations of the "1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict"; and, finally, the "2003 UNESCO Declaration concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage" motivated by the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan in 2001. While the latter two instruments have been exhaustively examined in scholarly literature, no updated study of the ICTY case-law exists yet. In this paper I go through all such cases and underline the following idea: the interpretation of ICTY has given rise to an involution and an evolution vis-à-vis the treaty law for the protection of cultural property in armed conflict; as well as to a doctrinal revolution by linking the destruction of cultural and religious property to the crimes of persecution and genocide. Since the interpretation of the ICTY largely diverges from the treatment afforded to cultural property in treaty law, I conclude that the protection of cultural property in armed conflict has by now a double life: one conventional and one jurisprudential

Red Beads and Love Magic. Cross-Cultural Exchanges Between Spain and new Spain in Modern Era

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carla Andreia Martins Torres

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This paper is about the significance of particular red beads used in love magic during the 17th and 18th centuries, specifically on the construction of symbolic universe through perceptions based on «others» materiality. It aims to provide a connected studied between Spain and New Spain through the histories of the gipsy Generosa Vicente and mestiza Margarita Palacios recovered from the Inquisition authorities notes. This is the way to understand the extent to which cross-cultural contacts privilege the transmission of ideas associated with objects, and how they were used apparently with similar purposes but with a very different meaning.

Thermal solar energy in Spain. State of the art and objectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glenn, Jaouen

2006-01-01

According the Kyoto protocol, Spain has to reduce its CO 2 emissions at 330 millions of tons (a decrease of 18 % from the level of 2003). From the european commission policy, the energy resources will be of 12 % of renewable energies. In this context, Spain developed an energy policy in favor of the solar energy. This document provides information on: the energy market in Spain, the thermal solar energy operating, the CO 2 emissions, the state of the art in the domain in spain, the 2010 objectives, the programs and the assistance, some data on the solar market in comparison with the Europe. (A.L.B.)

Water Markets in Spain: Performance and Challenges

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Sara Palomo-Hierro

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Law 46/1999 incorporated formal water markets into the Spanish legal and regulatory framework, allowing spot water markets and the creation of water banks. The implementation of water markets in Spain aimed at improving the efficiency of water use by reallocating water towards uses with higher added value. However, the performance of water markets in Spain has been rather disappointing, since they have been operative only during drought periods, and even under these extreme scarcity situations, trading activity counted for less than 5.0% of total water use. The narrowness of the market suggests that there are some barriers hampering their effective functioning. This paper examines the evolution and performance of water markets in Spain, relying on a transaction costs analysis framework. This analysis allows the identification of the main factors impeding water markets from operating effectively as a water reallocation tool. This analysis also provides some guidelines on how to overcome these obstacles and, thus, how to improve the efficiency of water use.

Small hydro: Policy and potential in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gutierrez, C.

2001-01-01

In Spain, the benefits of small-scale (less than 10 MW) hydro are apparently rarely appreciated and there is little support from European institutions. The article suggests that small hydro technology can make a significant contribution to the country's energy requirements and create employment, provided certain obstacles can be removed. Data on the number of small hydros in Spain, and of recent installations are given; the share of hydro in Spain's total energy production is 2.5%. The low environmental impact of hydro is extolled, and the conclusions of a recent study of 'environmental impacts of the production of electricity' are listed. There are said to be unreasonable administrative obstacles; for example, it is more difficult to obtain permission to refurbish a 100 kW hydro plant in Castilla y Leon than it is to install a 30,000 kW gas plant. Some details relating to the affect of hydro on aquatic ecosystems, noise levels, and water quality, are given

Investigating the reasons for Spain's falling birth rate.

Science.gov (United States)

Bosch, X

1998-09-12

On August 25, 1998, the Spanish National Institute of Statistics announced that Spain, which has had the most accelerated decrease in fecundity of all European countries during the last 25 years, had the lowest birth rate in Europe. Spain's average birth rate was 2.86 in 1970, 2.21 in 1980, and 1.21 in 1994. According to Eurostat, Spain's average birth rate in 1995 was 1.18, while the European Community's was 1.43. Although all the countries of the European Community have birth rates below 2.1, Spain's is 44% below this minimum rate needed to achieve generation replacement. In 1994 and 1997, in 5 northern communities, including the Basque country and Galicia, the birth rate was less than 1.0. The lowest birth rate (0.76 in 1997) was in the northern region of Asturias. Although southern autonomous regions have higher birth rates (between 1.21 and 1.44 for 1997) than northern ones, these are also decreasing (from 3.36 in 1970 to 1.29 in 1997 in Andalusia). Credit for the rapid decrease is given to improved quality of life and education, increased contraceptive usage, and social change. Employment of women has increased, and unemployed sons are remaining at home for longer periods. The most important reasons are 1) the increased number of single people and 2) the increased average age of women having their first child. The latter increase began in 1988. Most Spanish women now have their first child between the ages of 30 and 39 years. The average age was 28 years in 1975; in 1995, it was 30 years. Women from the northern autonomous regions have the highest average age at first birth (Basque women, 31.2 years in 1995). The pattern of fecundity in Spain is different from other countries in Europe. In Spain, the decrease started in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Until the 1980s, Spain had one of the highest birth rates in Europe. This was followed by a decrease in the 1990s. However, in 1997, there were 3000 more births than in 1996. The National Institute of Demography

Environmental performance reviews: Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-10-01

The second OECD Review of Spain's environmental performance reviews Spain's progress in the context of OECD environmental strategy for the first decade of the 21st century in relation to its own policy objectives. It praises a number of achievements such as in commitments to climate change policies and developments of cogeneration and renewable energy sources. Although emissions of sulphur dioxide from the energy sector have fallen since 1990 they are still high when measured per capita and per unit of GDP. The OECD recommends further control of emissions of SOx, NOx, VOCs and NH{sub 3}. Subsidies such as compulsory purchase of domestic coal by electricity producers are set to increase. The report recommends the phasing out of environmental subsidies (which has begun) and making use of economic instruments to encourage efficient resource management and reduction of pollutants. Greenhouse gas emissions increased by 38% between 1990 and 2002 and the outlook for the next few years is pessimistic. 39 figs., 31 tabs.

Information transfer in the agricultural sector in Spain

OpenAIRE

Munoz-Canavate, Antonio; Hipola, Pedro

2010-01-01

This paper examines the structures of information transfer to the agricultural (production) and agro-alimentary (transformation and commercialization of the products) sector within Spain. A historical perspective is provided to better illustrate the reality and complexity of Spain with regard to the systems of agrarian extension, agricultural research, resources provided by Spain’s central administration, and the use of information by related enterprises. The Service of Agrarian Extens...

[Tuberculosis and immigration in Spain: scoping review].

Science.gov (United States)

Casals, Martí; Rodrigo, Teresa; Camprubí, Esteve; Orcau, Angels; Caylà, Joan A

2014-01-01

Immigration is a fairly recent phenomenon in Spain and there are still few scientific publications on tuberculosis (TB) and immigration. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the differential characteristics of TB in the immigrant population with respect to natives in Spain. Literature review of original articles written in Spanish or English and published 1998-2012 about TB among immigrant population. The articles with the key words "Tuberculosis", "immigrants" and "Spain" were included. Literature search was performed in Medline and MEDES. A total of 72,087 articles on TB were detected worldwide, 6% of them dealt with the immigration issue. Regarding Spain we found 2,917 articles representing 4% of the papers published worldwide, and in 219 (7.5%) immigration was considered. Of the 219 articles, 48% were published in Spanish journals and the 52% remaining in Anglo-Saxon journals. 93.5% of immigrants with TB were younger than 51, whereas this percentage was 64.9% in natives. Drug resistance can be seen in 7.8% of the immigrant population but in only 3.8% of natives. It was also detected that the unavailability of a health card could be a problem. Immigrants with TB were characterized by being younger and having more drug resistance and coming mostly from Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia. It was also detected that the unavailability of a health card could be a problem.

Migratory circularity between Ecuador and Spain. Educational transformation and mobility strategies

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Cristina Vega Solís

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The migration pattern between Ecuador and Spain has undergone changes since the start of the 2008 crisis. A slowdown in inflows to Spain and increasing Ecuadorian returnees, today add the Spanish skilled migration to this country in entering higher education as well as the exit of young Ecuadorians to acquire fourth level´s degree in Spain, or Europe in general. The context of crisis and unemployment in education in Spain and education reform policies being carried out in Ecuador is articulated in shaping this circularity between the two countries. Through a quantitative and qualitative multi-situated methodology based on a poll and in-depth interviews, this paper estimates the volume of these displacements and explores the motivations, conditions and strategies that are influencing.

Different Patterns in Health Care Use Among Immigrants in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Villarroel, Nazmy; Artazcoz, Lucía

2016-04-01

This study aims to analyze the differences in the use of primary care (PC), hospital, and emergency services between people born in Spain and immigrants. Data were obtained from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey. The sample was composed of individuals aged 16-64 years from Spain and the seven countries with most immigrants in Spain (n = 22,224). Hierarchical multiple logistic regression models were fitted. Romanian men were less likely to use health care at all levels compared to men from other countries. Women from Argentina, Bolivia and Ecuador reported a lower use of PC. Among women, there were no differences in emergency visits or hospitalizations between countries. Bolivian men reported more hospitalizations than Spanish men, whereas Argentinean men reported more emergency visits than their Spanish counterparts. In Spain, most immigrants made less than, or about the same use of health care services as the native Spanish population.

Deregulation and restructuring of the electricity sector in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Francia, L.

2000-01-01

This economic analysis of the Electric Power industry and market in Spain shows how the electricity deregulation and liberalization in Spain have given rise to an electricity industry which not only complies in spirit and letter with the E.U. Directive on the internal energy market, but which in fact goes much further. (A.L.B.)

[Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Spain].

Science.gov (United States)

Conde Barreiro, S; Rodríguez Rigual, M; Bueno Lozano, G; López Siguero, J P; González Pelegrín, B; Rodrigo Val, M P; Compés Dea, M L

2014-09-01

Epidemiological studies in many regions and countries have contributed to determining the epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children less than 15 years old. Studies in many regions of Spain have been published, but the national incidence is not really known. A review was made of the publications on the epidemiology of T1DM in Spain, selecting the references on patients less than 15 years old. Many epidemiological studies on T1DM in almost all regions in Spain have been published. The methodology of these studies is heterogeneous, with variations in geographical definition, duration, period of study, limit of age, and data collection. The incidence rates are variable, from 11.5 cases per 100,000/year in Asturias to 27.6 in Castilla-La Mancha. Some studies report the percentage of diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of diagnosis, which is usually in the range of 25-40%. Although there have been various epidemiological studies on T1DM in almost all regions in Spain, the methodology is heterogeneous. The mean incidence of T1DM in children less than 15 years old in Spain, stimated from the selected studies is 17,69 cases per 100,000/year. T1DM registers need to be created and updated, using standardized methodology, to get more reliable data of the epidemiology of T1DM in Spain in the near future. Copyright © 2013 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Q and A. The future of nuclear energy in Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kraev, Kamen [NucNet, The Independent Global Nuclear News Agency, Brussels (Belgium)

2017-11-15

Nuclear is the primary source of electricity in Spain. Wind is second. In the first quarter of 2017 nuclear's contribution was 25 %, but by the end of the year it will even out to more or less the same level of 2016. Nuclear is still very important for Spain's energy mix. The question is, what will happen with nuclear in the near future? NucNet spoke to Ignacio Araluce, president of Spanish industry group Foro Nuclear, about energy policy, plant shut-downs and how Spain's nuclear industry is successfully diversifying overseas.

Links between the Philippines and Spain: migration and bilateral relations

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Rogelia Pe-Pua

2005-01-01

Full Text Available This paper analyses the implications which Spanish policy regarding foreign workers has on the living and working conditions of the Filipino community in Spain. The author pays special attention to bilateral relations between the Philippines and Spain in issues suchas Spanish investment in the Philippines, the trade balance between the two countries and labour relations. In conclusion the article considers the necessity of reaching a bilateral labour agreement which would be beneficial to both countries and which at the same time would improve the working conditions and the integration of Philippine nationals living in Spain.

The State of the Art of Group Psychotherapy in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Martinez-Taboada, Cristina; Amutio, Alberto; Elgorriaga, Edurne; Arnoso, Ainara

2015-10-01

(1) What is the history and the theoretical orientation of group therapy in Spain? (2) How is training organized? (3) What role does group psychotherapy play in the health system in Spain? (4) What is the relationship between group psychotherapy research and clinical practice in Spain? (5) What topics can be identified as unique to therapy groups in Spain? (6) How are group-related issues important within the social background of Spain? and (7) What does group work hold for the future? Although not even a century has passed since the birth of this discipline, there have already been many events associated with the management of power and knowledge, the development of a sense of community, and the evolution of the political and social life of our country. Group therapy training is still evolving and is properly supported and accredited by prestigious institutions. In the 2013 Symposium of the Spanish Society of Group Psychotherapy and Group Techniques (SEPTG), the need for joint group theories and techniques within the profession's activities was clearly highlighted. Further, the enthusiasm of group psychotherapists to open themselves to specific social perspectives (health, education, community prevention, organizations) is a way of encouraging society to untangle conscious and unconscious knots that are created in social interaction.

Patents, antibiotics, and autarky in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Romero De Pablos, Ana

2014-01-01

Patents on antibiotics were introduced in Spain in 1949. Preliminary research reveals diversification in the types of antibiotics: patents relating to penicillin were followed by those relating to streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. There was also diversification in the firms that applied for patents: while Merck & Co. Incorporated and Schenley Industries Inc. were the main partners with Spanish antibiotics manufacturers in the late 1940s, this industrial space also included many others, such as Eli Lilly & Company, Abbott Laboratories, Chas. Pfizer & Co. Incorporated, and American Cyanamid Company in the mid-1970s. The introduction of these drugs in Spain adds new elements to a re-evaluation of the autarkic politics of the early years of the Franco dictatorship.

Spent fuel management in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez, J.L.

2002-01-01

The spent fuel management strategy in Spain is presented. The strategy includes temporary solutions and plans for final disposal. The need for R and D including partitioning and transmutation, as well as the financial constraints are also addressed. (author)

48 CFR 252.229-7004 - Status of contractors as a direct contractor (Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... direct contractor (Spain). 252.229-7004 Section 252.229-7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... contractor (Spain). As prescribed in 229.402-70(d), use the following clause: Status of Contractor as a Director Contractor (Spain) (JUN 1997) (a) “Direct Contractor,” as used in this clause, means an individual...

International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) national favourability studies: Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1977-10-01

Spain, with an area of 504 748 km''2, occupies a large part of the Iberian Peninsula. At present the country appears to have about 6300 t of reasonably assured uranium reserves and 8500 t of additional estimated reserves (all at less than $30/lb of U 3 O 8 ). Spain has devoted some $33 million to prospecting for uranium since the beginning of such work. Most of the reasonably assured reserves are located in ores impregnating Cambrian schists intersected by Hercynian granites (of so-called 'Iberian type'); a small amount, however, is found in veins in Hercynian granites of the Spanish Meseta. The additional estimated reserves are situated in the peripheral post-Hercynian continental basins of the Meseta. Apart from these classical ores, sub-ores have been identified in Silurian quartzites with low concentrations of uranium associated with refractory minerals, totalling more than 200,000 t of U (at concentrations of a few hundred ppm); there are likewise uranium-bearing Oligocene lignites in the Ebro Basin with some 140,000 t of U. These facts, and also the very wide distribution of uranium in space and time (from the Cambrian to the Miocene!) and the country's favourable geological characteristics, suggest that Spain ought in fact to have large reserves of uranium, a conclusion unfortunately belied by the paucity of the economic reserves identified so far. Two things must be borne in mind, however; firstly, Spain's financial outlay for uranium prospecting up till now represents only a quarter of what has been invested in France, for example, and, secondly, the nature of the mineralised bodies in Spain makes exploration difficult. In conclusion it seems that prospecting both of the Iberian-type deposits in the Meseta region and of the deposits associated with detrital sediments in the peripheral continental basins - especially blind mineralized bodies - should hold out excellent prospects for Spain. Consequently we propose that Spain should be placed at least in

Crisis, suicide and labour productivity losses in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera, Berta; Casal, Bruno; Currais, Luis

2017-01-01

Suicide became the first cause of death between the ages of 15 and 44 in Spain in the year 2013. Moreover, the suicide rate in Spain went up by more than 9 % with respect to the previous year. This increase could be related to the serious economic recession that Spain has been experiencing in recent years. In this sense, there is a lack of evidence to help assess to what extent these suicides have a social cost in terms of losses in human capital. Firstly, this article examines the relationship between the variables related to the economic cycle and the suicide rates in the 17 Spanish regions. Secondly, an estimate is made of the losses in labour productivity owing to these suicides. In this article, panel data models are used to consider different variables related to the economic cycle. Demographic variables and the suicide rates for regions across Spain from 2002 to 2013 also come into play. The present and future production costs owing to premature death from suicide are calculated using a human capital model. These costs are valued from the gross salary that an individual no longer receives in the future at the very moment he or she leaves the labour market. The results provide a strong indication that a decrease in economic growth and an increase in unemployment negatively affect suicide rates. Due to suicide, 38,038 potential years of working life were lost in 2013. This has an estimated cost of over 565 million euros. The economic crisis endured by Spain in recent years has played a role in the higher suicide rates one can observe from the data in official statistics. From a social perspective, suicide is a public health problem with far-reaching consequences.

Legislating tolerance: Spain's national public smoking law.

Science.gov (United States)

Muggli, Monique E; Lockhart, Nikki J; Ebbert, Jon O; Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A; Riesco Miranda, Juan Antonio; Hurt, Richard D

2010-02-01

While Spain's national tobacco control legislation prohibits smoking in many indoor public places, the law provides for an exception to the prohibition of smoking by allowing separate seating sections and ventilation options in certain public places such as bars and restaurants, hotels and airports. Accordingly, Spain's law is not aligned with Article 8 Guidelines of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which requires parties to ensure universal protection against secondhand smoke exposure in all enclosed public places, workplaces and on all means of public transport. Spain's law is currently being promoted by the tobacco companies in other countries as a model for smoke-free legislation. In order to prevent weakening of smoke-free laws in other countries through industry-supported exceptions, we investigated the tactics used by the tobacco companies before the implementation of the new law and assessed the consequences of these actions in the hospitality sector. Internal tobacco industry documents made public through US litigation settlements dating back to the 1980s were searched in 2008-9. Documents show that tobacco companies sought to protect hospitality venues from smoking restrictions by promoting separate seating for smokers and ineffective ventilation technologies, supporting an unenforceable voluntary agreement between the Madrid local government and the hospitality industry, influencing ventilation standards setting and manipulating Spanish media. The Spanish National Assembly should adopt comprehensive smoke-free legislation that does not accommodate the interests of the tobacco industry. In doing so, Spain's smoke-free public places law would be better aligned with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

[Suicide in Spain today].

Science.gov (United States)

Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel; Olry de Labry-Lima, Antonio

2006-03-01

Spain presents one of the lowest suicide rates (8.7 per 100,000) but, as well as Ireland, it has also experienced one of the highest rate increases both within Europe and within the world. In our country, it can be observed an increase in the suicide rates from 1975 to 1994, being this increase greater in men than in women. It can also be noted that there was a stabilisation in the following years. Social factors, specially those which have to deal with gender roles and changes in these roles, are the most common explanations. Another possible explanation for the observed increase in mortality due to suicide among young men could be the AIDS epidemic and intravenous drug addiction, that was observed in Spain during the eighties and nineties. Furthermore, we are witnessing an epidemic related to violence against children and women. Literature strongly suggests that child abuse (psychological and sexual) is associated with increased suicide risk in adolescent or adult life. Women experience violence from their intimate partners and have a greater risk of suffering from chronic pain, diverse somatisations, greater substance use like drugs and alcohol, depression and suicide attempt. The association between work precariousness and suicide seems to be due to economic and social and family support factors, which can lead to greater vulnerability to mental health problems. These factors are of great relevance, since Spain presents one of the highest unemployment and temporary employment rates in the European Union. It seems reasonable that, due to the individualism that characterises the contemporary society, its demands and the new role of women in the work market that cause, among others, a greater difficulty in combining work and family life, are factors that could explain the lack of decrease in suicide rates.

Molecular gastronomy in Spain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

García-Segovia, P.; Garrido, M. D.; Vercet, A.

2014-01-01

Beyond the overwhelming international success of Ferrán Adria, Spain has been one of the countries with a more active implication in molecular gastronomy as a scientific discipline but also in the use of ingredients, technologies, and equipment from the scientific and technological universe...... with scientists for facing the future of Spanish gastronomy....

Spain and Portugal facing Euratom. Some considerations in the access of Spain and Portugal to Euratom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corretjer, L.; Lopez Rodriguez, M.

1985-01-01

The access of Spain and Portugal to the European Community of Atomic Energy (EURATOM) will give rise to significative consequences and it is a subject which must be thoroughly considered as to its implications regarding the present state of nuclear development in both countries and with regard to their reciprocal relations in nuclear energy matters. To determine such consequences and implications it is necessary, first of all, to analyze what EURATOM is and how it acts, in addition to consider the situation of each of its Member States as to the utilization of nuclear energy. As well, it is necessary to explain the evolution and the present situation of nuclear development in Spain and in Portugal and their mutual relations in this field. In pursuit of such analysis we may determine the possible consequences of their access; this is made bearing in mind each of the aspects in which EURATOM acts, according to the Treaty and the ''acquis communitaire'', and dividing them into common consequences and individual ones for both countries. The whole exposition, which was studied and carried out from an exclusively technical point of view, has a result the deduction of the joint possibilities offered to Spain and Portugal to make use of EURATOM's availabilities and of the joint actions which both countries may achieve to benefit as much as possible from their access to EURATOM. (author)

A garantia da ordem pública como fundamento para a prisão preventiva e o desenvolvimento de seu conceito no Supremo Tribunal Federal

OpenAIRE

Soares, Antonio Marcos

2013-01-01

Resumo: Esta monografia tem como objetivo tratar de forma pormenorizada a garantia da ordem pública, circunstância legal autorizadora da decretação da prisão preventiva do imputado trazida pelo artigo 312, do Código de Processo Penal. Trata-se de instituto dotado de um conceito vago que enseja custódia provisória, a qual deveria apresentar natureza cautelar, porém, assume contornos diversos da instrumentalidade lhe exigida. No mais das vezes é adotada como medida de defesa social, assumindo a...

The History of the Democratic Adult Education Movement in Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Oliver, Esther; Tellado, Itxaso; Yuste, Montserrat; Larena-Fernández, Rosa

2016-01-01

Background/Context: Traditional adult education in Spain treated the learner as a mere object that could be shaped by the educator. Although current practices of the democratic adult education movement in Spain reveals a completely opposite standpoint on adult education, there has been little analysis of the several influences converging and…

La jurisdicción del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en casos de extradición. A propósito del caso Klein c. Rusia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Schneider

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Analizamos la decisión del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos –TEDH– en el caso Klein c. Rusia de un ciudadano israelí requerido en extradición por Colombia para la ejecución de una sentencia por entrenamiento de grupos paramilitares. La decisión es presentada en el marco más amplio de la jurisprudencia del TEDH en casos de extradición desde Estados europeos a terceros Estados donde existe el riesgo de violación de los derechos humanos. Desarrollamos los principios que el TEDH aplica en estos casos y verificamos su aplicación en el caso Klein c. Rusia, tomando en cuenta también la opinión separada de los jueces minoritarios. En las conclusiones presentamos una perspectiva sobre cómo evitar la impunidad de perpetradores de violaciones de derechos humanos que no pueden ser extraditados por razones humanitarias.

La representación popular y los desafíos del sistema electoral salvadoreño, 25 años después de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz, un extracto

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Félix Ulloa Garay

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Un cuarto de siglo después de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz, El Salvador enfrenta una serie de desafíos democráticos que demandan reformas a su sistema político y electoral. Para comprender la urgencia de dichas reformas, se requiere un análisis prospectivo que proyecte ese nuevo sistema; pero que, a su vez, integre la visión retrospectiva donde se explican los hechos del pasado que dieron origen al conflicto armado. El sistema electoral fue uno de los 7 puntos de la Agenda de Caracas que guio la negociación hasta el acuerdo final de paz. Su desarrollo más pragmático que doctrinario, comprendió las reformas a la Constitución en 1991, cuando se creó la actual autoridad electoral, mediante un Tribunal Supremo Electoral, que sustituyó al viejo Consejo Central de Elecciones y un Código Electoral, que estableció rudimentarias reglas con las cuales se administraron cuatro elecciones presidenciales y seis elecciones legislativas y municipales. En este artículo se plantea la preocupación por la calidad de la representación popular y los mecanismos para su obtención, finalizando con recomendaciones para garantizar legítimamente su ejercicio. Estas propuestas, por venir del jurista italiano Luigi Ferrajoli, adquieren un valor universal y una aplicación a cualquier modelo de democracia liberal.

CONSOLIDACIÓN DE DOMINIOS EN LAS PÍAS FUNDACIONES DEL CARDENAL BELLUGA (BAJO SEGURA

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Antonio Gil Olcina

1987-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza en este artículo el desmoronamiento y desintegració n de las Pías Fundaciones creadas por el Cardenal Belluga en e l B a j o Segura durante la primera mitad del XVIII. Merced a su enorme influencia, el prelado obtuvo mediante cesio nes diversas una superficie en torno a 40.000 tahúllas (4.472 ha. de humedales y terrenos pantanosos, que fueron saneados y en su gran mayoría establecidos a censo enfitéutico. Una serie de valiosos estudios han analizado la vida y la o bra de Belluga, pero apenas se había investigado el desmantelamiento por las disposiciones desamortizadoras de las Pías Fundaciones. Mermadas con motivo de la real orden de 25 de septiembre de 1798 y declarado en estado de venta el patrimonio subsistente por ley de 1 de mayo de 1855, la consolidación de dominios se efectuó, empero, al amparo de la poco conocida ley de 11 de marzo de 1859. A través de la Contaduría de Hipotecas se ha podido documentar el pro ceso de redención de censos por los enfiteutas. Objeto de consideración es asimismo la problemática planteada en el término de Dolores por la devolución a la Casa de Rafal, en cumplimiento de sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, de las tierras de Majada Vieja.

Supremocracia Supremocracy

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Oscar Vilhena Vieira

2008-12-01

Full Text Available o STF está hoje no centro de nosso sistema político, fato que demonstra a fragilidade de nosso sistema representativo. tal tribunal vem exercendo, ainda que subsidiariamente, o papel de criador de regras, acumulando a autoridade de intérprete da constituição com o exercício de poder legislativo, tradicionalmente exercido por poderes representativos. Este texto mostra como o supremo, de fato, tem exercido tais funções pela análise de alguns de seus julgados mais recentes. Em seguida, propõe mecanismos capazes de lidar com as tensões produzidas pela supremocracia, sem caracterizá-la como algo necessariamente bom ou ruim, mas buscando compreender seu sentido e apontar para seus perigos.The text shows how the fsc is located at the heart of our political system and warns of the dangers to democracy inherent in this stance. Such a danger lies in the fact that the aforementioned court is fulfilling, albeit in a subsidiary manner, the role of rule-maker, accumulating the authority of constitutional interpreter while retaining exercise of legislative power, which traditionally belonged to the representative powers. The text attempts to prove that the supreme court has carried out such functions within an analysis of some of its recently tried cases. It also suggests mechanisms capable of dealing with the tensions generated by supremocracy, without characterizing them as something good or bad for our political system.

The international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the forensic pathologist: ethical considerations

Science.gov (United States)

Lorin De La Grandmaison, Geoffroy; Durigon, Michel; Moutel, Grégoire; Hervé, Christian

2006-01-01

War crimes in the former Yugoslavia since 1991 have been subjected to several international medico-legal investigations of mass graves within the framework of inquiries led by the ICTY. Forensic pathologists involved in the ICTY missions could be subjected to ethical tensions due to the difficulties of the missions, the emergent conflicts between forensic scientists of the teams and the original nature of the ICTY proceedings. In order to study the nature of such ethical tensions, we sent a questionnaire to 65 forensic pathologists who have been involved in the ICTY missions. The rate of answer was 38%. The majority of the forensic pathologists questioned (n=18) did not know how the medico-legal data were exploited by the ICTY. Three of them have been subjected to pressures. Three of them were aware of mass grave sites wittingly not investigated by the ICTY. Fifteen considered that the ICTY respected the elementary rules of the law and four of them questioned the impartiality of the justice led by the ICTY. Two conflicting types of ethics can be drawn from these results: a conviction ethics which is shared by most of the forensic pathologists questioned and a responsibility ethics. In the first, the forensic pathologist completely agrees with the need for an international war crime tribunal even if such justice can be challenged regarding the respect of human rights and impartiality. In the second, he or she needs to conduct himself in ways that do not infringe impartiality. As medical deontology duty requires an impartiality ethics, discursive ethics are needed to ease ethical tensions and to suggest ethical guidelines. Alternatives to international justice through a truth and reconciliation commission and by the way of humanitarian mission of victims’ identification combined with forensic investigations for historical purposes could be considered. PMID:16909642

The Sixteenth Nation: Spain’s Role in NATO,

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

Clerks Pat Williams (Lead Clerk) Dorothy M. Mack Laura W. Hall Carol A. Valentine Editorial Board Advisers Rear Admiral S. A. Swarztrauber, USN, Inter...industrial defense potential is in J. Sanchez Mendez , "Spain and its Defense Organization, Part 2: The Defense Industry," International Defense Review 13...discussion of Spanish military capabilities, see J. Sanchez Mendez , "Spain and its Defense Organization, Part 1: The Armed Forces," International Defense

The Queen's Two Bodies: Sor Juana and New Spain's Vicereines

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, George Anthony

2009-01-01

The work of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz contains many examples of positive representations of the Queens of Spain and the Vicereines of New Spain. These poetic portraits serve to counter the primarily misogynistic portrayals of ruling women of the seventeenth century. Most importantly, Sor Juana increased the visibility of the vicereine in colonial…

The influence of democracy in the practice of public relations in Spain

OpenAIRE

Xifra, Jordi

2011-01-01

This article presents an exploratory study of the current status of public relationsin Spain on the basis of elements and indicators applied to other countries in thestudy The Global Public Relations Handbook (2009). Spain is one of the most notableabsentees from the study; this article therefore fills a hole in current public relationsresearch and theory. The conclusion is that Spain is a country that has undergoneradical change, from a dictatorship to one of the world’s most democratic syst...

Safety philosophy and licensing practice in different member states of IAEA: Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alonso, A.

1981-01-01

With the aim of presenting the licensing experience in Spain, the countries with nuclear activities are divided into three main groups: exporters, qualified importers and importers, being Spain in the second group. The licensing problems, and therefore the licensing experience, are different in the different groups of countries. Moreover, the experience in Spain is enriched by the following facts: an early start, a substantial program and a diversity of types, pressurized and boiling water reactors, and suppliers, American and German plants. Reference is made to the basic legal documents governing licensing in Spain, together with the difficulties in adopting and applying detailed regulations. Within this framework, the licensing experience in Spain is described with reference to the reference plant concept, later enlarged to include the reference-site reference plant concept, ending in the most practical approach of the reference problem concept. Finally specific licensing problems are introduced with reference to the Spanish operating nuclear power plants, the ones under commissioning and in an advanced state of construction and the ones just staring construction. (orig./RW)

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain.

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Jorge Ruiz-Martínez

Full Text Available Avipoxvirus (APV is a fairly common virus affecting birds that causes morbidity and mortality in wild and captive birds. We studied the prevalence of pox-like lesions and genetic diversity of APV in house sparrows (Passer domesticus in natural, agricultural and urban areas in southern Spain in 2013 and 2014 and in central Spain for 8 months (2012-2013. Overall, 3.2% of 2,341 house sparrows visually examined in southern Spain had cutaneous lesions consistent with avian pox. A similar prevalence (3% was found in 338 birds from central Spain. Prevalence was higher in hatch-year birds than in adults. We did not detect any clear spatial or temporal patterns of APV distribution. Molecular analyses of poxvirus-like lesions revealed that 63% of the samples were positive. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 29 DNA sequences from the fpv167 gene, detected two strains belonging to the canarypox clade (subclades B1 and B2 previously found in Spain. One of them appears predominant in Iberia and North Africa and shares 70% similarity to fowlpox and canarypox virus. This APV strain has been identified in a limited number of species in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Hungary. The second one has a global distribution and has been found in numerous wild bird species around the world. To our knowledge, this represents the largest study of avian poxvirus disease in the broadly distributed house sparrow and strongly supports the findings that Avipox prevalence in this species in South and central Spain is moderate and the genetic diversity low.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Ruiz-Martínez, Jorge; Ferraguti, Martina; Figuerola, Jordi; Martínez-de la Puente, Josué; Williams, Richard Alexander John; Herrera-Dueñas, Amparo; Aguirre, José Ignacio; Soriguer, Ramón; Escudero, Clara; Moens, Michaël André Jean; Pérez-Tris, Javier; Benítez, Laura

2016-01-01

Avipoxvirus (APV) is a fairly common virus affecting birds that causes morbidity and mortality in wild and captive birds. We studied the prevalence of pox-like lesions and genetic diversity of APV in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in natural, agricultural and urban areas in southern Spain in 2013 and 2014 and in central Spain for 8 months (2012-2013). Overall, 3.2% of 2,341 house sparrows visually examined in southern Spain had cutaneous lesions consistent with avian pox. A similar prevalence (3%) was found in 338 birds from central Spain. Prevalence was higher in hatch-year birds than in adults. We did not detect any clear spatial or temporal patterns of APV distribution. Molecular analyses of poxvirus-like lesions revealed that 63% of the samples were positive. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 29 DNA sequences from the fpv167 gene, detected two strains belonging to the canarypox clade (subclades B1 and B2) previously found in Spain. One of them appears predominant in Iberia and North Africa and shares 70% similarity to fowlpox and canarypox virus. This APV strain has been identified in a limited number of species in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Hungary. The second one has a global distribution and has been found in numerous wild bird species around the world. To our knowledge, this represents the largest study of avian poxvirus disease in the broadly distributed house sparrow and strongly supports the findings that Avipox prevalence in this species in South and central Spain is moderate and the genetic diversity low.

[What is an efficient health technology in Spain?].

Science.gov (United States)

Sacristán, J A; Oliva, J; Del Llano, J; Prieto, L; Pinto, J L

2002-01-01

Despite the growing recognition of the potential applications of cost-effectiveness assessments, a criterion to establish what is an efficient health technology does not exist in Spain. The objective of this work is to describe the limits and the criteria used in Spain to recommend the adoption of health interventions. A review of the economic evaluations of health technologies published in Spain from 1990 to 2001 was conducted. Complete economic assessments in which the cost-effectiveness ratio was expressed as cost per life-year gained (LYG), cost per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) or cost per saved live were selected. Those interventions in which the authors established recommendations (adoption or rejection) and the criteria used were analyzed. Twenty (20%) of the 100 complete economic evaluations fulfilled the selection criteria. In16 studies, the results were expressed as cost per LYG, in 6 studies as cost per QALY and in 1 as cost per saved live. A total of 82 health interventions were assessed and some kind of recommendation was established in 44 of them. All technologies with a cost-effectiveness ratio lower than 30,000 euros (5 million pesetas) per LYG were recommended for adoption by the authors. Up to that limit there was no a clear tendency. Although the results must be interpreted with much precaution, given the limitations of the study, the limits of cost-effectiveness presented in this work could be a first reference to which would be an efficient health intervention in Spain.

Novel lyssavirus in bat, Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Aréchiga Ceballos, Nidia; Vázquez Morón, Sonia; Berciano, José M; Nicolás, Olga; Aznar López, Carolina; Juste, Javier; Rodríguez Nevado, Cristina; Aguilar Setién, Alvaro; Echevarría, Juan E

2013-05-01

A new tentative lyssavirus, Lleida bat lyssavirus, was found in a bent-winged bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Spain. It does not belong to phylogroups I or II, and it seems to be more closely related to the West Causasian bat virus, and especially to the Ikoma lyssavirus.

Novel Lyssavirus in Bat, Spain

OpenAIRE

Ceballos, Nidia Ar?chiga; Mor?n, Sonia V?zquez; Berciano, Jos? M.; Nicol?s, Olga; L?pez, Carolina Aznar; Juste, Javier; Nevado, Cristina Rodr?guez; Seti?n, ?lvaro Aguilar; Echevarr?a, Juan E.

2013-01-01

A new tentative lyssavirus, Lleida bat lyssavirus, was found in a bent-winged bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Spain. It does not belong to phylogroups I or II, and it seems to be more closely related to the West Causasian bat virus, and especially to the Ikoma lyssavirus.

History of health technology assessment: Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Sampietro-Colom, Laura; Asua, Jose; Briones, Eduardo; Gol, Jordi

2009-07-01

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the introduction and diffusion of health technology assessment (HTA) in Spain. A survey to summarize the evolution of HTA was sent to representatives of different HTA initiatives in Spain. HTA was introduced in the late 1980s. The main factors were the trend to an increase in healthcare expenditure, concerns regarding efficiency in providing health care, as well as in the level of rationality introducing high technology. Spain has direct (i.e., regulation) and indirect (i.e., payment systems, evidence-based programs, HTA) mechanisms to control health technologies. A recent high priority regulation has established the need of HTA to decide the introduction of a new health technology in the lists of public healthcare coverage, although similar regulations existed in the past and were scarcely implemented. HTA initiatives started at the regional government level. Its introduction followed a progressive pattern among regions. In the beginning, resources were scarce and expertise limited, with work done at intramural level. With time, expertise increase, and promotion of commissioned work was implemented. HTA knowledge transfer in the healthcare system has been carried out through courses, publications, and commissioned research. Currently, there are seven HTA units/agencies, which coordinate their work. HTA in Spain is in its maturity. Facing the unavoidable change of health care environment over time, HTA is also evolving and, currently, there is a trend to broaden the areas of influence of HTA by devolving capacity to hospitals and applying principles to very early phases of health technology development, under the umbrella of regional HTA units/agencies. However, there are two main challenges ahead. One is to have a real impact at the highest level of healthcare policy coordination among Spanish regions, which is done at the Central Ministry of Health. The other is to avoid the influence of political waves

New Strategies in Library Services Organization: Consortia University Libraries in Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Duarte Barrionuevo

2017-09-01

Full Text Available New political, economic, and technological developments, as well as the growth of information markets, in Spain have created a foundation for the creation of library consortia. The author describes the process by which different regions in Spain have organized university library consortia.

Oath Ceremonies in Spain and New Spain in the 18th century: A Comparative Study of Rituals and Iconography

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Inmaculada Rodríguez Moya

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This paper will focus on a comparative study of the royal oath ceremonies in Spain and New Spain starting with the 16th century, when the ritual was established, to later consider some examples from the 18th century. A process of consolidating a Latin American and Hispanic identity began in the 17th century and was reflected in religious and political festivals everywhere. The royal oath ceremony was a renewal of vows of loyalty to the Crown, which was especially important in a monarchy composed a variety of different kingdoms. This ritual was very important in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, where a king ruled from afar over subjects scattered throughout a vast territory that was ethnically and culturally very diverse. The ceremony was therefore used in the 18th century to assert matters of identity through ritual gestures and the images that adorned the ephemeral architecture created for it. Accounts of festivities and prints depicting the event as it took place in places like Lisbon, Barcelona, Valencia, Majorca, Mexico and Lima will be studied from a comparative point of view.

Transfer of nuclear technology from Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Madrid, G.

1985-01-01

Technology transfer from Spain is possible in several fields of nuclear technology ranging from the head end of the fuel cycle (ENUSA) to the back end (ENRESA). The advantages of such a transfer are emphasized

Caminhos para uma análise discursiva da voz na defesa do tribunal do júri: o excesso, a falta, o estranhamento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clóris Freire Dorow

2017-11-01

Full Text Available O referido artigo discute a questão da falta, do excesso e do estranhamento, tendo como materialidade discursiva o discurso jurídico da defesa em um tribunal do júri. A vertente teórica, que embasa esta discussão, é a Análise de Discurso francesa. No discurso jurídico escolhido, observou-se uma argumentação bastante puderam-se observar dois aspectos que sobressaem na argumentação: as formações imaginárias que tentam prever quem é o interlocutor e os esquecimentos número um e número dois que propiciam a ilusão de que o sujeito articula seu discurso de forma criativa e única, sendo que a grande meta do sujeito discursivo da defesa é destruir a argumentação de seu opositor. A partir dessas constatações, procurou-se então partir para a análise, e na escolha do corpus, foi essencial o aporte teórico trazido pelos aspectos abordados por Ernst, que constituem percursos eivados de perspectivas para o analista de discurso.

Catalan Nationalism and Challenges to the Territorial Integrity of Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. I. Volkova

2016-01-01

Full Text Available At the beginning of the 21st century Spain faced a number of challenges, primarily the growth of separatist sentiments in the regions fraught with the danger of its fragmentation on ethno-national basis. In the context of increased ethno-national mobilization of “small peoples” in Spain one of its most economically developed regions – Catalonia – envisages a rise of the regional identity. Against the backdrop of economic problems generated by the crisis of 2008-2014 the autonomous communities of Spain, including Catalonia, came across the rise of socio-political problems, particularly the growing distance between the society and the central administrative bodies formed in democratic conditions, as well as the two-party administrative system.

A família, a violência e a justiça: conflitos violentos familiares, Lei Maria da Penha e concepções jurídicas no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul = Family, violence and justice: violent conflicts in the familiar context, Maria da Penha law and juridical conceptions a the Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasconcellos, Fernanda Bestetti de

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo busca trazer dados acerca das modificações no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, relacionadas com os processos de democratização e transformações sociais nas relações familiares no contexto nacional, no sentido de apresentar algumas das limitações burocráticas do estado em categorizar e legitimar diferentes configurações familiares. Para tanto, são observadas decisões judiciais apresentadas em diferentes âmbitos do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul (TJ/RS sobre conflitos de competências entre juizados criminais, de família e de infância e ju- ventude para a administração de conflitos violentos familiares enquadrados pela Lei Maria da Penha

National registry of hemoglobinopathies in Spain (REPHem).

Science.gov (United States)

Cela, Elena; Bellón, José M; de la Cruz, María; Beléndez, Cristina; Berrueco, Rubén; Ruiz, Anna; Elorza, Izaskun; Díaz de Heredia, Cristina; Cervera, Aurea; Vallés, Griselda; Salinas, J Antonio; Coll, M Teresa; Bermúdez, Mar; Prudencio, Marta; Argilés, Bienvenida; Vecilla, Cruz

2017-07-01

Although highly prevalent throughout the world, the accurate prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in Spain is unknown. This study presents data on the national registry of hemoglobinopathies of patients with thalassemia major (TM), thalassemia intermedia (TI), and sickle cell disease (SCD) in Spain created in 2014. Fifty centers reported cases retrospectively. Data were registered from neonatal screening or from the first contact at diagnosis until last follow-up or death. Data of the 715 eligible patients were collected: 615 SCD (497 SS, 64 SC, 54 SBeta phenotypes), 73 thalassemia, 9 CC phenotype, and 18 other variants. Most of the SCD patients were born in Spain (65%), and 51% of these were diagnosed at newborn screening. Median age at the first diagnosis was 0.4 years for thalassemia and 1.0 years for SCD. The estimated incidence was 0.002 thalassemia cases and 0.03 SCD cases/1,000 live births. Median age was 8.9 years (0.2-33.7) for thalassemia and 8.1 years (0.2-32.8) for SCD patients. Stroke was registered in 16 SCD cases. Transplantation was performed in 43 TM and 23 SCD patients at a median age of 5.2 and 7.8 years, respectively. Twenty-one patients died (3 TM, 17 SCD, 1 CC) and 200 were lost to follow-up. Causes of death were related to transplantation in three patients with TM and three patients with SCD. Death did not seem to be associated with SCD in six patients, but nine patients died secondary to disease complications. Overall survival was 95% at 15 years of age. The registry provides data about the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in Spain and will permit future cohort studies and the possibility of comparison with other registries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Immigration and labor productivity: New empirical evidence for Spain

OpenAIRE

Nicodemo, Catia

2013-01-01

The purpose of this paper of this paper is to explore the immigration and productivity in Spain. We estimate the effect of immigration on labor productivity from 2004 until 2008 for Spain. Using firms (SABI) and individuals data (Social Security Records) we calculate the effect by sector and municipality for the two big Spanish provinces that have received most immigrants in the last decade: Barcelona and Madrid. After controlling for endogeneity of immigration, the results demonstrate that i...

Tangible fixed assets For SME: Portuguese and Spain evidence

OpenAIRE

Marques, Maria Lúcia; Abreu, Rute; Pérez-López, J. A.

2015-01-01

The problem statement of this research is the application level of IAS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment in SMEs provide by SME in Portugal and Spain. Indeed, the purpose of the research is comparing the accounting framework of IAS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment in SME in Portugal and Spain. Also, it considers the information disclosure, conduct annually by the SME in both countries, comparing their similarities and differences. The methodology a used descriptive, pilot and explanatory a...

Courses and syllabus: the situation in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iranzo, E.

1989-01-01

The regulation covering radioactive and nuclear installations classifies workers operating such installations as operators or supervisors. Operators are persons who, working directly under a supervisor, handle the installation operational equipment and which have a bearing on nuclear safety or protection against radiation. Supervisors are persons directing the operations of a radioactive or nuclear installation and operator activities. The study deals with the courses given in Spain which qualify operators and supervisors in industrial radioactive installations as permit holders, as well as the courses currently being run for persons engaged in the transport of radioactive materials. Spain regulations covering transport of dangerous goods are based on separate Royal Decrees dealing with road and air transport respectively

Renewable Energy Policy Fact sheet - Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-07-01

The EurObserv'ER policy profiles give a snapshot of the renewable energy policy in the EU Member States. On October 2015, a new support scheme (the 'Regimen Retributivo Especifico') was established in Spain. The aim was to grant a specific remuneration regime for new biomass plants located in the mainland electricity system and for wind energy plants. The allocation of the referred specific remuneration regime has been done through a competitive call for tenders. A tax regulation mechanism for investments related to RESE plants is in place. There is a tax credit for solar thermal and for bio-fuels in transport. Furthermore a quota system for bio-fuels is in place. RES-E operators are entitled to grid connection, priority dispatch against the grid operator. Currently no support schemes for RES-H and C are in place in Spain

Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

Spanish low and intermediate level radioactive wastes are disposed of at the El Cabril Disposal Facility, in the province of Cordoba (SPAIN). The fundamental safety objective of the facility consists of the immediate and longer term protection of people and the environment. This objective leads to the need to isolate the wastes from the human surroundings, such that any release of the radionuclides contained in them does not pose any radiological risk for either people or the environment over the necessary time period. Consequently, it is necessary to fully protect the wastes against external aggression, from both the climatic and biological point of view (infiltration of water, temperature variations, chemical action of water, attacks by living macro and microorganisms, plants, etc.). This waste isolation is achieved by means of a multi-barrier system separating the activity stored from the aforementioned actions

Welfare inequality, regionalisation, and welfare policy : measurement and analysis for Spain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Quadrado, L.

1999-01-01

This study is focused on the changes in regional inequality in Spain over the last four decades, with emphasis on regional welfare. The two most important items of welfare in Spain are, health and education, and so these are the main focus of this study. Attention is paid to the levels and

Wind turbines in Spain: la vuelta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeanson, E.; Trancart, M.

2000-01-01

Ten years ago it was just the beginning of the wind industry in Spain. Today it takes the third place in Europe and the fourth in the world. The pilot regions are the Galicia and the Navarre. (A.L.B.)

Eating out in Spain: Motivations, sociability and consumer contexts.

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-Méndez, Cecilia; García-Espejo, Isabel

2017-12-01

Eating out is a consumer practice which is difficult to define. The study of this practice has traditionally been based on the work/leisure dichotomy. However, in Spain this is not so clear. If we analyse profiles, motivations, places and relationships, we discover an eating-out food model which is specific to Spain and in which food is not limited by this dual link with work and leisure. Eating linked to work does not respond only to instrumental needs. Leisure eating is not always a choice based on preference. Both contain a strong element of sociability which acts as a motivator and are linked to the familisme of Spanish society, whilst at the same time de-routinizing daily life, both at home and at work. This study is based on a national survey carried out in 2014 and helps to understand this consumer practice and those elements which are specific to Spain. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La opinión consultiva del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar: Aspectos relativos a la determinación del vínculo efectivo entre los Estados y las personas jurídicas a las que patrocinan para llevar a cabo actividades en la Zona

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Nicolás Guerrero Peniche

2012-12-01

Full Text Available No obstante la existencia de un instrumento convencional en la ma­teria, el derecho del mar en general, y lo relativo a la explotación de minerales en la Zona, se encuentra aún en una fase de puesta en práctica y de definición fina de los derechos y obligaciones de los Estados. Uno de los ejemplos que se ha hecho patente es lo relativo a las obligaciones de aquellos Estados que pa­trocinan a particulares a fin de llevar actividades de exploración y explotación de los recursos de la Zona. Esta cuestión fue remitida en 2010 por la Autoridad Internacional de Fondos Marinos al Tribunal Internacional de Derecho del Mar a fin de que este la dilucidara. La Opinión Consultiva que emitió el Tribunal presenta conclusiones de particular relevancia en materia de la de­terminación de un vínculo efectivo entre las personas jurídicas y los Estados que las patrocinan. Esta cuestión, que juega un papel determinante a fin de lograr una eficaz protección del medio marino en el marco del mecanismo de patrocinio para la exploración y explotación de los recursos en la Zona, conlleva importantes consecuencias para las actividades en áreas reservadas.

The Situation of Open Access Institutional Repositories in Spain: 2009 Report

Science.gov (United States)

Melero, Remedios; Abadal, Ernest; Abad, Francisca; Rodriguez-Gairin, Josep Manel

2009-01-01

Introduction: The DRIVER I project drew up a detailed report of European repositories based on data gathered in a survey in which Spain's participation was very low. This created a highly distorted image of the implementation of repositories in Spain. This study aims to analyse the current state of Spanish open-access institutional repositories…

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) genetic diversity in Spain: A review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diéguez, F.J.; Cerviño, M.; Yus, E.

2017-01-01

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a member of the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae, causes significant losses in cattle farming worldwide because of reduced milk production, increased mortality of young animals and reproductive, respiratory and intestinal problems. The virus is characterized by an important genetic, and consequently antigenic and pathogenic diversity. Knowing the variability of viral strains present in a population provides valuable information, particularly relevant for control programs development, vaccination recommendations and even identification of likely infection sources. Such information is therefore important at both local and regional levels. This review focuses on the genetic diversity of BVDV isolates infecting cattle in Spain over the last years. According to the published data, the most prevalent BVDV group in Spain was 1b, and to a lesser extent 1d, 1e and 1f. Besides, BVDV-2 has also been found in Spain with several ratified isolates. The studies carried out in Spain also showed increased genetic heterogeneity of BVDV strains, possibly due to a more intensive use of analytical tools available, presenting studies with increasingly greater sample sizes.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) genetic diversity in Spain: A review

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diéguez, F.J.; Cerviño, M.; Yus, E.

2017-07-01

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a member of the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae, causes significant losses in cattle farming worldwide because of reduced milk production, increased mortality of young animals and reproductive, respiratory and intestinal problems. The virus is characterized by an important genetic, and consequently antigenic and pathogenic diversity. Knowing the variability of viral strains present in a population provides valuable information, particularly relevant for control programs development, vaccination recommendations and even identification of likely infection sources. Such information is therefore important at both local and regional levels. This review focuses on the genetic diversity of BVDV isolates infecting cattle in Spain over the last years. According to the published data, the most prevalent BVDV group in Spain was 1b, and to a lesser extent 1d, 1e and 1f. Besides, BVDV-2 has also been found in Spain with several ratified isolates. The studies carried out in Spain also showed increased genetic heterogeneity of BVDV strains, possibly due to a more intensive use of analytical tools available, presenting studies with increasingly greater sample sizes.

Convergences and Divergences between Financial Reporting Systems of Romania and Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laptes R.

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this paper is to perform a comparative study regarding the theory and practice of financial statements in Romania and Spain. To achieve this goal, we performed a documentary research of the main papers of this area and of the applicable accounting regulations from Romania and Spain, research that allowed us to identify convergences and divergences about financial statements in both countries. The main conclusion of this study is that, while Romania experiences improving its financial reporting system by conformism, respectively by assigning through legislation forms adapted to European accounting regulations, Spain chooses a flexible development, trying to realize a complete presentation of the accounting information published in the annual financial statements.

Introduction to Juries and Mixed Tribunals across the Globe: New Developments, Common Challenges and Future Directions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nancy S. Marder

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The introduction to the special issue describes the goals of the conference on Juries and Mixed Tribunals across the Globe, and identifies themes that emerged as jury scholars from all over the world examined different forms of lay participation in legal decision-making. The introduction focuses on common challenges that different systems of lay participation face, including the selection of impartial fact finders and the presentation of complex cases to lay citizens. The introduction and special issue articles also highlight new developments and innovative practices to address these challenges, including some tools, like decision trees, that remain highly controversial. The introduction closes by emphasizing the enduring political importance of citizen participation in law. La introducción a este número especial describe los objetivos de la conferencia sobre jurados y tribunales mixtos en el mundo, e identifica los temas que surgieron cuando académicos de todo el mundo especializados en jurados analizaron diferentes formas de participación de legos en la toma de decisiones jurídicas. La introducción se centra en los desafíos comunes a los que se enfrentan los diferentes sistemas de participación de legos, incluyendo la selección de jurados imparciales y la presentación de casos complejos a ciudadanos profanos en la materia. La introducción y el número especial también destacan nuevos desarrollos y prácticas innovadoras para afrontar estos retos, incluyendo algunas herramientas, como los árboles de decisiones, que todavía son muy controvertidas. La introducción finaliza, haciendo hincapié en la importancia política duradera de la participación ciudadana en el derecho. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2785708

Training in breast surgery in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Miguelena, José M; Domínguez Cunchillos, Fernando

2016-01-01

Breast surgery is a key part of training and competency in general surgery in Spain and is a "frontier area" that can be efficiently managed by general surgeons and gynecologists. The main objective of the training process consists of the surgical treatment of breast cancer, including conservative surgery, oncoplastic and reconstructive techniques. This article analyses the current status of breast surgery training in Spain and schematically proposes potential targets of the different training programs, to improve access and training for surgeons and residents in this area, taking into account the RD 639/2014 and European regulation. The priority is to specify the level of training that should be achieved, in relation to the group of professionals involved, considering their area of competency: surgery resident, educational programs, and surgeons with special dedication to this area. Copyright © 2016 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Produção de pepino para conserva no Vale do São Francisco Yield of pickling cucumber in the São Francisco Valley

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Geraldo Milanez de Resende

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de identificar as cultivares mais produtivas de pepino para conserva, instalou-se um experimento no período de setembro a novembro de 1996, no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro/Petrolina (PE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 22 cultivares (Flurry, Francipak, Nautillus, Primepak, Navigator, Vlasstar, Vlaspik, Vlasset, Calypso, Eureka, Panorama, Imperial, Prêmio, Supremo, HE-671, HE-713, HE-601, HE-657, Premier, Pioneiro, Ginga AG-77 e Wisconsin SMR 18 e três repetições. A parcela experimental foi composta de quatro linhas de 3,0 m de comprimento, com espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,30 m. As cultivares Supremo (39,78 t/ha, Vlasset (39,72 t/ha, Ginga AG-77 (39,58 t/ha, Vlaspik (39,21 t/ha, Calypso (37,89 t/ha, Francipak (37,87 t/ha, Navigator (37,59 t/ha, Primepak (36,95 t/ha, Imperial (36,77 t/ha, Panorama (35,99 t/ha e Eureka (35,13 t/ha apresentaram as produtividades estatisticamente mais elevadas. A cultivar Wisconsin SMR 18 foi a que apresentou a produtividade significativamente mais baixa (21,29 t/ha. Com relação ao número de frutos por planta, as cultivares Vlasset (13,90 frutos, Ginga AG-77 (13,83, Primepak (13,58, Panorama (13,55, Supremo (13,54, Calypso (13,01, Vlaspik (12,83, Francipak (12,59 e Navigator (12,16 apresentaram estatisticamente os melhores resultados. As cultivares Supremo (83,13%, HE-657 (82,23%, Flurry (81,55%, Ginga AG-77 (81,31%, e Eureka (81,24% apresentaram as proporções significativamente mais altas de produção de frutos comerciais do tipo 1, com comprimento entre 6 e 9 cm e maior valor comercial. Todas as cultivares apresentaram ciclo entre 72 e 75 dias, do plantio à última colheita.The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Field of Bebedouro, Petrolina, Brazil, from September to november, 1996. The purpose of this study was to identify the highest yielding pickling cucumber cultivars. The experiment was Iaid out in a complete randomized block design

The labour trajectories of immigrant women in Spain: Are there signs of upward social mobility?

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Elena Vidal-Coso

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Background: In Spain, foreign-born women are disproportionately employed in housework or care work, and quantitative research has shown that female migrants are disadvantaged relative to male migrants in the occupational status of their first job in Spain. However, the process that created this female penalty has not yet been explored. Objective: In this paper, we focus on female occupational mobility at migration and during settlement in Spain. First, we compare female and male labour mobility at migration. Second, we identify the main socio-demographic factors which increase the likelihood that the first job a foreign-born woman holds in Spain will be as a cleaner or a domestic worker. Third, we investigate female labour mobility from the time of migration, particularly trajectories that lead away from the cleaning and domestic occupations, and consider the importance of the assimilation process in occupational mobility. Methods: We apply quantitative methods to Spain's 2007 National Immigrant Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes, using descriptive (mobility matrixes and simple and multinomial logistic regression analyses. We include the main socio-demographic, family, and migratory characteristics of immigrants in the explanatory models. Results: The results of our analysis revealed that female migrants to Spain are more likely than their male counterparts to experience occupational downgrading at the time of migration, and that 41.6Š of women work in domestic services in their first job in Spain. Finally, our results have demonstrated that, although occupational immobility is common among female migrants in Spain, movement out of domestic services is possible, especially for the most assimilated immigrant women. Conclusions: This paper contextualises female immigration in Spain, attributing the labour market choices made by female migrants to the externalisation of domestic and cleaning occupations in private households, and to the

Ecological compensation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Villarroya, Ana; Puig, Jordi

2010-01-01

To achieve meaningful sustainable development, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) should avoid the net losses in the environment resource base. But EIA practice does not always avoid the losses caused by the implementation of the projects under EIA regulation. Some environmental impacts are, simply, admitted, even without enforcing any form of compensation. When applied, compensation is sometimes just a monetary payment to offset the environmental loss. This paper looks for evidence on the role that compensation is given at present in EIA practice in Spain, and for some of its conceptual and regulatory roots. Specifically, it explores how compensation is addressed in 1302 records of decision (RODs) on those projects subject to the Spanish EIA regulation published during the years 2006 and 2007, to know how far Spain is from preserving the environmental resource base managed through this particular aspect of EIA practice. As a result, it is concluded that the practice of ecological compensation in EIA in Spain is much lower than it could be expected in a theoretical sustainability context committed to avoid net losses in the environment resource base, mainly due to an EIA practice focused on on-site mitigation that allows these net losses.

Snakebite poisoning in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Martín-Sierra, Cristina; Nogué-Xarau, Santiago; Pinillos Echeverría, Miguel Ángel; Rey Pecharromán, José Miguel

2018-01-01

Emergencies due to snakebites, although unusual in Spain, are potentially serious. Of the 13 species native to the Iberian peninsula, only 5 are poisonous: 2 belong to the Colubridae family and 3 to the Viperidae family. Bites from these venemous snakes can be life-threatening, but the venomous species can be easily identified by attending to certain physical traits. Signs denoting poisoning from vipers, and the appropriate treatment to follow, have changed in recent years.

Uneven chances of breastfeeding in Spain

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Río Isabel

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background No large scale studies on breastfeeding onset patterns have been carried out in Spain. This work aims to explore the prevalence and the risk factors for not initiating breastfeeding in hospitals from Catalonia (CAT and Valencia (V, two regions accounting approximately for 30% of the annual births in Spain. Methods The prevalence of not initiating breastfeeding was calculated by maternal/neonatal characteristics and type of hospital, and logistic regression models were used to estimate crude and adjusted risks of not breastfeeding in each region. Results Prevalence of breastfeeding initiation was 81.7% and 82.5% in Catalonia and Valencia, respectively. We identified conspicuous regional differences in the adjusted-risk of not breastfeeding, especially for multiple [CAT = 3.12 (95% CI: 2.93, 3.31, V = 2.44 (95% CI: 2.23, 2.67] and preterm and low birth weight deliveries [very preterm and very low birth weight: CAT = 7.61 (95% CI: 6.50, 8.92, V = 4.03 (95% CI: 3.13, 5.19; moderate preterm and moderate low birth weight: CAT = 4.28 (95% CI: 4.01, 4.57, V = 2.55 (95% CI:2.34, 2.79]. Conclusions Our results suggest the existence of regional variations in breastfeeding initiation in Spain. Taking into account the known short and long-term benefits of breastfeeding it is recommended that further research should explore these differences in order to prevent potential inequities in neonatal, child and adult health.

Approaches to Open Data for Science in Spain

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E Wulff-Barreiro

2011-10-01

Full Text Available As observational data has attained new legal status, allowing their integration into open Internet systems, and experimental data continues to be assembled in common and free platforms, state of the art, easy to access data repositories have been designed in Spain. These repositories have removed many obstacles to re-utilization of GIS and other data. European legislation has also made advances in opening biodiversity data, including a European space in the Latin-American grid infrastructure. Open access biomedical repositories attract commercial attention while astronomical, meteorological, and oncological institutions promote data quality and access. This paper describes recent approaches to open access data for science in Spain.

Psychoanalysis and the transition to democracy in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Druet, Anne-Cécile

2017-11-01

This article studies the links between psychoanalysis and the transition to democracy in Spain. It examines the major changes that characterized the spread of psychoanalysis in the years after Franco's death, in particular the rise of the Lacanian movement, the impact of this phenomenon on the sociocultural sphere and, in broader terms, its role in the re-emergence of psychoanalysis as a cultural object in the country. The article also analyzes factors linked to the history of psychoanalysis during the Franco dictatorship; factors that, together with the arrival of Oscar Masotta and numerous Argentinian analysts in Spain, help explain the new vision of the field that emerged during the transition.

Macroeconomic impact of the Solar Thermal Electricity Industry in Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-10-15

In the last three years, Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) in Spain has grown significantly. Its weight within the renewables mix is becoming relevant, and even more so, its impact on economics, society, the environment, and reducing energy dependence. This report was carried out by Deloitte for Protermosolar to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the main macroeconomic variables derived from the development of this technology in Spain from 2008 to 2010, and forecast its possible future impact.

Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): rationale and study design.

Science.gov (United States)

Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma; Aragonés, Nuria; Pérez-Gómez, Beatriz; Martín, Vicente; Llorca, Javier; Moreno, Victor; Altzibar, Jone M; Ardanaz, Eva; de Sanjosé, Sílvia; Jiménez-Moleón, José Juan; Tardón, Adonina; Alguacil, Juan; Peiró, Rosana; Marcos-Gragera, Rafael; Navarro, Carmen; Pollán, Marina; Kogevinas, Manolis

2015-01-01

We present the protocol of a large population-based case-control study of 5 common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) that evaluates environmental exposures and genetic factors. Between 2008-2013, 10,183 persons aged 20-85 years were enrolled in 23 hospitals and primary care centres in 12 Spanish provinces including 1,115 cases of a new diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1,750 of breast cancer, 2,171 of colorectal cancer, 492 of gastro-oesophageal cancer, 554 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 4,101 population-based controls matched by frequency to cases by age, sex and region of residence. Participation rates ranged from 57% (stomach cancer) to 87% (CLL cases) and from 30% to 77% in controls. Participants completed a face-to-face computerized interview on sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, occupation, medication, lifestyle, and personal and family medical history. In addition, participants completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire and telephone interviews. Blood samples were collected from 76% of participants while saliva samples were collected in CLL cases and participants refusing blood extractions. Clinical information was recorded for cases and paraffin blocks and/or fresh tumor samples are available in most collaborating hospitals. Genotyping was done through an exome array enriched with genetic markers in specific pathways. Multiple analyses are planned to assess the association of environmental, personal and genetic risk factors for each tumor and to identify pleiotropic effects. This study, conducted within the Spanish Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), is a unique initiative to evaluate etiological factors for common cancers and will promote cancer research and prevention in Spain. Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Inspection of nuclear power plants under construction in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santoma, L.

1977-01-01

Brief summary of the situation of the nuclear industry in Spain, in order to better understand the questions involved in the inspection of the Spanish nuclear power plants, as well as the experience acquired, followed by a description of some of the problems which have arisen during the construction phase. Also the problems faced by the Inspection of the Junta de Energia Nuclear are described in order to fulfill the missions entrusted to it. Finally, some recommendations are made in light of the experience had by Spain.(author) [es

Nephrology around Europe: organization models and management strategies: Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

de Francisco, Angel L M; Piñera, Celestino

2011-01-01

The main aim of this report is to present a picture of the current organization of nephrology in Spain. The Spanish health system offers almost universal coverage, a wide variety of services and a high-quality network of hospitals and primary care centers. Spain has a specialized health care training system that is highly developed, highly regulated, with the capacity to provide high-quality training in 54 different specialties. Nephrology is basically a hospital-based specialty. There are no private dialysis patients in Spain. Hemodialysis centers are 40% public, 15% private and 45% run by companies. The National Health System covers 95% of the population, and there is no cost to patients for treatment of renal disease (dialysis and transplant). We observed a clear decrease of nephrology in residents' election rankings, with position 29 out of 47 specialties in 2007. Some of the reasons for this are the complexity of the subject, no clear information at the university, reduction of professional posts and a very good public service with minimal private practice. In Spain, a model of organization for transplantation was adopted based on a decentralized transplant coordinating network. For cadaveric donors, it compares favorably with rates in other Western countries. Living donor transplantation is very low in Spain--just 10% of total renal transplantation activity. New programs due to financial constraints need to include reduced dialysis costs, greater cost-effectiveness of prescriptions, better handling of ethical issues related to the need for using a clinical score of chronic kidney disease patients to make decisions about conservative or renal replacement therapy and an action plan for improvement of organ donation and transplantation. Recovery of skills (acute kidney injury, biopsies, vascular access, etc.), research and advances in autonomous activities (imaging, surgical and medical vascular training, etc.) are some of the future educational paths needed in

Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii from domestic ruminants in northern Spain

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Astobiza Ianire

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Information on the genotypic diversity of Coxiella burnetii isolates from infected domestic ruminants in Spain is limited. The aim of this study was to identify the C. burnetii genotypes infecting livestock in Northern Spain and compare them to other European genotypes. A commercial real-time PCR targeting the IS1111a insertion element was used to detect the presence of C. burnetii DNA in domestic ruminants from Spain. Genotypes were determined by a 6-loci Multiple Locus Variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA panel and Multispacer Sequence Typing (MST. Results A total of 45 samples from 4 goat herds (placentas, N = 4, 12 dairy cattle herds (vaginal mucus, individual milk, bulk tank milk, aerosols, N = 20 and 5 sheep flocks (placenta, vaginal swabs, faeces, air samples, dust, N = 21 were included in the study. Samples from goats and sheep were obtained from herds which had suffered abortions suspected to be caused by C. burnetii, whereas cattle samples were obtained from animals with reproductive problems compatible with C. burnetii infection, or consisted of bulk tank milk (BTM samples from a Q fever surveillance programme. C. burnetii genotypes identified in ruminants from Spain were compared to those detected in other countries. Three MLVA genotypes were found in 4 goat farms, 7 MLVA genotypes were identified in 12 cattle herds and 4 MLVA genotypes were identified in 5 sheep flocks. Clustering of the MLVA genotypes using the minimum spanning tree method showed a high degree of genetic similarity between most MLVA genotypes. Overall 11 different MLVA genotypes were obtained corresponding to 4 different MST genotypes: MST genotype 13, identified in goat, sheep and cattle from Spain; MST genotype 18, only identified in goats; and, MST genotypes 8 and 20, identified in small ruminants and cattle, respectively. All these genotypes had been previously identified in animal and human clinical samples from several

Is leishmaniasis widespread in Spain? First data on canine leishmaniasis in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, northeast Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Ballart, C; Alcover, M M; Portús, M; Gállego, M

2012-02-01

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a widespread disease present in 42 countries. It is considered of epidemiological importance because of its role as a reservoir of human leishmaniasis. Knowledge of the real distribution of CanL and its emergence and/or re-emergence is of great importance in order to determine the extension of the disease. This work reports the detection of CanL in a farm dog located in a Pyrenean area of northwest Catalonia (Spain) where the disease was previously unknown. Since the dog had never left the region and sandfly vectors, Phlebotomus ariasi and P. perniciosus, were present in the farm the case is considered as autochthonous and is the first to be published in this region of Spain. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Food-related life style in Spain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bredahl, Lone; Brunsø, Karen; Grunert, Klaus G.

1996-01-01

Executive summary 1. This report contains the main results of a survey of food-related lifestyle in Spain, based on a representative sample of 1000 Spanish households. 2. Generally speaking, Spanish food consumers are very interested in shopping for food and cooking. Compared with other European ...

From Student Associations to CEUNE: The Development of Student Representation in Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Parejo, José Luis; Lorente, Javier

2012-01-01

The forms of students' political participation in the administration of higher education in Spain have evolved throughout history. Spain has developed from a period characterised by the corporatist model of Sindicato Espanõl Universitario--as a single syndicate of students controlled by the Franco Regime--towards the emergence of a student…

Nuclear power in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-01-01

the plans of the Spanish Government to reduce their dependence on oil over the next ten years by a considerable increase in nuclear generating capacity are outlined. Data on the type, generating power, location and commissioning data of a number of nuclear power stations in Spain are tabulated. The use of foreign companies for the design and construction of the nuclear stations and the national organisations responsible for different aspects of the programme are considered. (UK)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV genetic diversity in Spain: A review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco J. Diéguez

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV, a member of the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae, causes significant losses in cattle farming worldwide because of reduced milk production, increased mortality of young animals and reproductive, respiratory and intestinal problems. The virus is characterized by an important genetic, and consequently antigenic and pathogenic diversity. Knowing the variability of viral strains present in a population provides valuable information, particularly relevant for control programs development, vaccination recommendations and even identification of likely infection sources. Such information is therefore important at both local and regional levels. This review focuses on the genetic diversity of BVDV isolates infecting cattle in Spain over the last years. According to the published data, the most prevalent BVDV group in Spain was 1b, and to a lesser extent 1d, 1e and 1f. Besides, BVDV-2 has also been found in Spain with several ratified isolates. The studies carried out in Spain also showed increased genetic heterogeneity of BVDV strains, possibly due to a more intensive use of analytical tools available, presenting studies with increasingly greater sample sizes.

The gas industry in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jego, H.

1999-01-01

This short presentation of the Spanish gas industry looks at the industry's different players including Gas Natural, which controls almost all of the gas distribution in Spain. Natural gas, almost all of which is imported, accounts for an ever-growing share in the country's energy balance and has undergone great developments, particularly in industry and in thermal generating plants. (author)

Factors associated with active aging in Finland, Poland, and Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Perales, Jaime; Martin, Steven; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose Luis; Chatterji, Somnath; Garin, Noe; Koskinen, Seppo; Leonardi, Matilde; Miret, Marta; Moneta, Victoria; Olaya, Beatriz; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, Beata; Haro, Josep Maria

2014-08-01

Continuous population aging has raised international policy interest in promoting active aging (AA). AA theoretical models have been defined from a biomedical or a psychosocial perspective. These models may be expanded including components suggested by lay individuals. This paper aims to study the correlates of AA in three European countries, namely, Spain, Poland, and Finland using four different definitions of AA. The EU COURAGE in Europe project was a cross-sectional general adult population survey conducted in a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population of Finland, Poland, and Spain. Participants (10,800) lived in the community. This analysis focuses on individuals aged 50 years old and over (7,987). Four definitions (two biomedical, one psychosocial, and a complete definition including biomedical, psychosocial, and external variables) of AA were analyzed. Differences in AA were found for country, age, education, and occupation. Finland scored consistently the highest in AA followed by Spain and Poland. Younger age was associated with higher AA. Higher education and occupation was associated with AA. Being married or cohabiting was associated with better AA compared to being widowed or separated in most definitions. Gender and urbanicity were not associated with AA, with few exceptions. Men scored higher in AA only in Spain, whereas there was no gender association in the other two countries. Being widowed was only associated with lower AA in Poland and not being married was associated with lower AA in Poland and Finland but not Spain. Associations with education, marital status, and occupation suggest that these factors are the most important components of AA. These association patterns, however, seem to vary across the three countries. Actions to promote AA in these countries may be addressed at reducing inequalities in occupation and education or directly tackling the components of AA lacking in each country.

Radioactive waste management in Spain: co-ordination and projects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

The sixth workshop of the OECD/NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) was hosted by ENRESA, the Spanish agency responsible for the management of radioactive waste and the dismantling of nuclear power plants, and the Council of Nuclear Safety (CSN), with the support of the Association of Spanish Municipalities in Areas Surrounding Nuclear Power Plants (AMAC). The workshop took place at L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Catalonia, Spain, on 21-23 November 2005. At this workshop, Spanish stakeholders and delegates from 14 countries discussed current co-ordination of radioactive waste management decision making in Spain. Findings were shared from Cowam-Spain, a co-operative research project on the involvement of local stakeholders, the relationship between national and local levels of decision making, and the long-term sustainability of decisions regarding the siting of a centralized interim storage facility for high-level waste. These proceedings include the workshop presentations and discussions, as well as the rapporteurs' reflections on what was learned about policy making and participative decision making. (author)

Effects of the Financial Crisis on Stock Market of the Czech Republic and Spain

OpenAIRE

Titizov, Toško

2013-01-01

The paper analyzes effects of the financial crisis on stock market of the Czech Republic and Spain. We employ BEKK-GARCH model in order to study volatility spillovers and transmissions from the US stock market to stock markets of the Czech Republic and Spain. The multivariate GARCH models results show statistically significant, but relatively small, almost irrelevant volatility spillovers from the US stock market to stock markets of the Czech Republic and Spain. The Czech stock market exhibit...

Marked differences in GPs' diagnosis of pneumonia between Denmark and Spain: a cross-sectional study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, S.F.; Jørgensen, L.C.; Cordoba Currea, Gloria Cristina

2013-01-01

importance to dyspnoea/polypnoea and C-reactive protein levels >50mg/L. None of the other typical symptoms of pneumonia had a significant influence. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that GPs' diagnostic criteria for pneumonia differ substantially between Denmark and Spain. The high prevalence of pneumonia...... and Spain) and to compare which symptoms and clinical tests are of most importance for the GP when choosing a diagnosis of pneumonia rather than acute bronchitis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including GPs from Denmark and Spain was conducted as part of the EU-funded project HAPPY AUDIT. A total of 2......,698 patients with LRTI were included. RESULTS: In Denmark, 47% of the patients with LRTI were classified with a diagnosis of pneumonia compared with 11% in Spain. In Spain, fever and a positive x-ray weighted significantly more in the diagnosis of pneumonia than in Denmark. Danish GPs, however, attached more...

Description of the Energy System of Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caldes, N; Lechon, Y; Labriet, M; Cabal, H; Rua, C de la; Saez, R; Varela, M

2008-07-01

The objective of this report is to describe the complete Spain energy system, in order to make possible its modelling with the TIMES model within the NEEDS project (http://www.needs-project.org). (Author) 56 refs.

Review of the Renewable Energy Policies of Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Labriet, M.; Laguna, M.; Cabal, H.; Lechon, Y.

2008-07-01

The objective of this report is to describe the Spanish energy policies related to renewable energy sources (RES). It will contribute to the analysis of the renewable energy potential at the European level (RES2020 project). Despite the successful case of wind development in spain, with a favourable feed-in systems in place, and a very favourable regulation (building code) promoting solar thermal technologies, strong administrative barriers for RES projects still exist and Spain is still far from reaching its RES electricity targets, and even further from the target related to RES heating and cooling and bio fuel use. This work has been partially funded by the European Commission, Intelligent Energy-europe Programme. (Author) 7 refs.

State of the art of reservoir sedimentation management in Spain

OpenAIRE

Avendaño Salas, Cándido; Sanz Montero, Esther; Cobo Rayán, Rafael

2000-01-01

Part of the total reservoir storage capacity in Spain (56 km3) is lost due to sedimentation processes taking place. Surveys carried out in 121 reservoirs indicate that 6% of them have undergone a capacity reduction of over 50%. However, most of them (81%) are characterised by a reservoir capacity loss below 20%. The most frequent methods used to control reservoir sedimentation in Spain fall into one of the following groups: reduction of sediment yield through basin management and removal of t...

Energy planning in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cortina Garcia, J.

1995-01-01

This report aims to describe energy planning in Spain. It briefly analyses the three completed national energy plans (Plan Energetico Nacional, PEN). The fourth PEN 1991-2000 is analysed in detail, by reference to its objectives and characteristics and to developments during its first five years in operation. The Ministry of Industry and Energy has updated PEN en 1995, almost halfway through its period, and this is also summarised. Finally, there are some reflections on the future of energy planning. (Author) 46 refs

Assessing Consent through External Signs. Three Cases of Madness, Repulsion and Love before the Tribunal of the Roman Rota (1579-1619

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabelle Poutrin

2017-11-01

Full Text Available How can it be assumed that an individual is incapable of giving consent or does not give it freely? This article analyses three cases handled by the Tribunal of the Roman Rota between 1579 and 1619: the case of a nun from the monastery of Odivelas (Portugal suffering from mental disorders, and two demands for nullification of marriage based on the grounds of duress exerted by immediate family; the case of Doña Antonia Portocarrero y Cárdenas, of the diocese of Seville, married to Don Felipe de Guzman y Aragón; and the case of Manuel de Meneses and Branca de Baredo of the diocese of Coimbra. The testimonies on file relate the words and actions of the main parties involved, revealing affects and intentions. Auditors embarked on a complex operation to translate this information into the language of the law, in the light of legal experts’ theories on individual responsibility and the nature of violence or constraints that may alter freedom of consent. Yet this also encompassed social practices and representations in which individual behaviours exist. This study illustrates the contrast between judges’ know-how in assessing the absence of consent regarding marriage or religious profession and the fact that these notions were not taken into account regarding consent to baptism.

La descongestión en la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa. Una visión desde el tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Augusto Torres-Calderón

2010-03-01

Full Text Available La jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo está muy congestionada. Para solucionar esta situación, son necesarias varias medidas: La disminución de los términos de caducidad de las acciones contenciosas ordinarias; la disminución del  periodo  probatorio  y  de las pruebas practicadas dentro del mismo; el aumento de los gastos del proceso que debe sufragar el demandante para que se le tramite el proceso, y la imposición de costas para la parte vencida en el pleito; la transferencia de asuntos que actualmente están asigna­ dos a la jurisdicción contenciosa,  a la  jurisdicción  ordinaria  civil; la eliminación de acciones constitucionales mal diseñadas por el legislador, que no han tenido una eficacia real; la redistribución de competencias en las secciones del Tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca, para disminuir la carga laboral de las Secciones congestionadas; extensión de la perención en contra de las entidades públicas demandantes, cuando éstas no cumplen con sus car­ gas procesales; eliminación de la aprobación de las conciliaciones prejudiciales por parte de los tribunales administrativos, para que estas sean  aprobadas  en  sede administrativa.

Border Disease Virus among Chamois, Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Rosell, Rosa; Cabezón, Oscar; Mentaberre, Gregorio; Casas, Encarna; Velarde, Roser; Lavín, Santiago

2009-01-01

Approximately 3,000 Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) died in northeastern Spain during 2005–2007. Border disease virus infection was identified by reverse transcription–PCR and sequencing analysis. These results implicate this virus as the primary cause of death, similar to findings in the previous epizootic in 2001. PMID:19239761

Social risk perception: recent findings in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prades-Lopez, A.; Martinez-Arias, R.; Diaz-Hidalgo, M.

1998-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to present our main results from a survey carried out in Spain in the context of social risk perception. This survey is included in a broad project (PRISP) sponsored by the UE and the national Civil Protection Service, and carried out simultaneously in three countries: Spain, Italy and UK. The project combined qualitative and quantitative assessment methods, although only survey results are presented here. A random sample of 600 subjects from two different Spanish communities close to a COMAH chemical site was selected for the research. Main findings regarding, differential perception between both community populations, sex differences, and 'bias perception' of risks among others have been achieved. Main dimensions were obtained by multidimensional scaling and Factor Analysis. Dimensions reported here are similar to the usual findings from the psychometric paradigm. (authors)

Entrepreneurship research in Spain: developments and distinctiveness.

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez, José C; Gutiérrez, Andrea

2011-08-01

This article presents a review of research on entrepreneurship in Spain, paying particular attention to its beginnings, nature and main focus of interest. We have developed a database based on the review of 471 works produced between 1977 and 2009, including articles published in national and international journals and dissertations (read in Spain) that allowed us to extract the following results. There is a preference for qualitative methods, conceptual contributions and the entrepreneurial process as the privileged research theme. There is also a strong focus of interest on micro and small enterprises. These characteristics of Spanish research in areas of entrepreneurship can make a distinctive contribution to international research. However, the dissemination of knowledge and inadequate strategies for international publication limit the diffusion of Spanish research in entrepreneurship. Lastly, we discuss the implications for future research.

De las fosas comunes a los derechos humanos: El descubrimiento de las desapariciones forzadas en la España contemporánea1

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Francisco FERRÁNDIZ

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Este texto se basa en una investigación de campo “multi–situada” de siete años sobre el impacto del ciclo más reciente de exhumaciones de fosas comunes de la Guerra Civil española, llevada a cabo en diversos escenarios: exhumaciones, actos conmemorativos, conferencias académicas sobre la memoria, presentaciones de libros, conciertos musicales, encierros universitarios, asambleas, diversas ONG, grupos de trabajo con apoyo institucional, laboratorios forenses, exposiciones de arte, manifestaciones, etc. Explora la forma en la que los discursos y conceptos transnacionales de los derechos humanos se han ido convirtiendo paulatinamente en guías fundamentales de la acción de muchas de las asociaciones que promueven la conocida como “recuperación de la memoria histórica”, a medida que el debate ha ido creciendo, se ha sofisticado, institucionalizado y, finalmente, judicializado. En este sentido, la secuencia de informes de Amnistía Internacional sobre el proceso o el auto dictado por Baltasar Garzón el 16 de septiembre de 2008, la controversia generada por él hasta su inhibición el 18 de noviembre de 2008, y los sucesos derivados del proceso que se le ha abierto en el Tribunal Supremo han actuado como catalizadores de esta irrupción de los derechos humanos en los debates sobre la memoria, a través de figuras jurídicas como las de los “crímenes contra la humanidad”, las “desapariciones forzadas”, y otras.

La justicia del accidente, variaciones sobre el síndrome del Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico Español

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Javier Izquierdo-martín

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El 1 de mayo de 2001 se celebró oficialmente en España el veinte aniversario del primer fallecimiento ocasionado por el llamado «Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico Español» (Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome o STOS, una desconocida y mortal patología médica, asociada con un extraño episodio de intoxicación alimentaria a gran escala, cuyo agente causal, presumiblemente de origen industrial, sigue sin ser identificado. Con sus más de 1.100 muertos y 25.000 afectados, la catástrofe sanitaria del STOS está considerada el más grave envenenamiento masivo ocurrido en Europa durante el siglo XX. La carrera judicial del «caso» STOS, donde destacan dos importantes sentencias dictadas por la Audiencia Nacional (1989 y 1996 y sus correspondientes recursos de casación resueltos por el Tribunal Supremo (1992 y 1997, ofrece, por su parte, uno de los expedientes legales más complejos y controvertidos de la moderna historia jurídica española. La disputa sobre las causas materiales y las responsabilidades legales del caso se aborda aquí desde el punto de vista de los estudios culturales sobre el derecho. Para iluminar con otra luz los dilemas cognitivos y morales anudados en el expediente del STOS me serviré de la jurisprudencia narrativa extraída del filme Dulce Porvenir y de la novela homónima de la que fue adaptado.

Evaluación económica del daño moral en el ámbito de los accidentes de trabajo: un método basado en indicadores estadísticos normalizados

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José Luis Navarro Espigares

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Dos recientes pronunciamientos de la Sala 4 ª de lo Social del Tribunal Supremo han puesto fin a la doctrina jurisprudencial por la que, para evitar el "enriquecimiento injusto" del trabajador accidentado, se exoneraba al empresario del deber de reparar los perjuicios causados en un accidente de trabajo o enfermedad profesional, por el incumplimientos de sus obligaciones en materia de seguridad. Este cambio jurisprudencial obliga a abordar la cuantificación económica de los distintos componentes indemnizatorios. En este trabajo ofrecemos un novedoso método para la evaluación económica directa del daño moral basado los años de vida ajustados por calidad perdidos por los trabajadores que sufren un accidente de trabajo. El método propuesto se ofrece como una alternativa ventajosa frente a la utilización del baremo de tráfico.Two recent Social Supreme Court rulings have put an end to the jurisprudential doctrine that prevented the "unfair enrichment" of an injured worker. This doctrine exempted the employer from the obligation of repairing the damage caused by work accidents or occupational diseases, stemming from breaches of the employer’s security obligations. The jurisprudential change requires addressing the economic quantification of the various components of workers’ compensation. Our study offers a novel method for assessing the economic value of moral damage based on Quality Adjusted Life Years lost by workers who suffer a work accident. The proposed method is presented as an alternative that is more appropriate than the use of the traffic scale.

Das citações (indiretas na discursividade do voto de Carlos Ayres Britto acerca da união homoafetiva: efeitos de sentido possíveis

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Lígia NEGRI

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, trazemos o acontecimento que o voto do ministro relator Carlos Ayres Britto funda pela sua enunciação, no Supremo Tribunal Federal, referente à recente (2011 questão da união homoafetiva no Brasil, tendo como corpus de análise as citações (indiretas extraídas de afirmações de personalidades célebres (Platão, Max Scheler, Descartes, Fernando Pessoa, Nietzsche, Hegel, Jung, Caetano Veloso, Rui Barbosa, Spinoza, Sartre e Chico Xavier, postas em jogo na materialidade linguística. Discutimos os efeitos de sentido possíveis delas decorrentes, mediante a perspectiva da Análise do Discurso de orientação francesa, tendo em conta os aspectos relevantes das condições de produção do discurso, sem deixarmos de aventar os efeitos de articulação entre citações e enunciados que as circunscrevem no voto, paralelismos etc. Lançaremos, ainda, breve olhar sobre o ethos do sujeito do discurso, a partir dos efeitos de sentido das citações. Dentre outras avaliações e reflexões, concluiremos que o discurso tem como argumento maior o amor, confrontando uma FD (Formação Discursiva prototípica do judiciário, inclusive nas menções a interdiscursos religiosos. Para nosso exercício analítico, contamos especialmente com Possenti (2009, 2002, Eni Orlandi (2009, 2006, Foucault (2010, 2009, Maingueneau (1997 e Pêcheux (2009, para que constituam nosso aporte teórico.

Racial characterization and genetic diversity of sunflower broomrape populations from Northern Spain

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Jebri MALEK

2017-05-01

Full Text Available In Spain, sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr. has been restricted to Cuenca province in Central Spain, and the Guadalquivir Valley in Southern Spain, that represent different gene pools of the species. This pathogenic plant has now spread to other areas such as Castilla y León region in Northern Spain. The racial status and genetic diversity were investigated in six populations of sunflower broomrape collected in several provinces of Castilla y León. Evaluation of virulence to a set of differential host genotypes classified three of the populations as race F, while the other three populations were classified as a race below F, probably race E. Genetic diversity analysis using a set of 20 SSR markers showed that the broomrape populations from new areas of Northern Spain are mainly derived from the Guadalquivir Valley gene pool. Introgression from the Cuenca gene pool was observed in one of the populations, in which the percentage of polymorphic loci was 31%, Shanon´s diversity index was 0.17, and the average number of pairwise differences was 1.69, compared to zero for the three parameters in the other five populations. The absence of race F individuals in the populations classified as race below F indicated that seed migration took place, probably before the generalized expansion of race F in the Guadalquivir Valley area, at the beginning of the 1990s.

1977-2017: Nursing research in Spain after 40 years in the University.

Science.gov (United States)

Morales Asencio, José Miguel; Hueso Montoro, César; de Pedro-Gómez, Joan Ernest; Bennasar-Veny, Miquel

Nursing research in Spain cannot be understood without analyzing the development of this profession over the last 40 years. The social, political and economic context has determined the evolution of nursing research, and an analysis of the current situation is necessary to confront the immediate challenges the nursing profession has to handle. To offer a global perspective of care research in Spain as a framework for reflection and discussion on possible short and medium-term strategies that guide the planning and decision making of the different stakeholders involved in nursing research in Spain. A multi-method study combining documentary analysis with bibliometric methods was carried out. Some isolated policies to promote nursing research have been identified, a significant increase in doctoral training (49 doctoral programs) and 89 nurse research groups (1.92 groups per million inhabitants) responsible for a scientific production that puts Spain in seventh place in the world ranking of scientific production in the area of nursing. The increase in public expenditure on R & D &I and the growth in bibliometric impact are associated with a higher density of nursing research groups. Nursing research in Spain is sensitive to research promotion policies and resources, although there is no consolidated and uniform strategy that overcomes current barriers. The impact of the academic development of Spanish nNursing in scientific production is still unknown. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Imported family models? Cohabitation patterns of Latin American women in Spain

OpenAIRE

Clara CORTINA TRILLA; Xiana BUENO GARCÍA; Teresa CASTRO MARTÍN

2010-01-01

During the last decade, international immigration flows have undergone a dramatic growth in Spain. In this particular context, the purpose of this article is to analyze whether Latin American female migrants residing in Spain largely maintain nuptial and reproductive patterns from their countries of origin. To analyze the prevalence of consensual unions we use three different databases: the Spanish Immigration Survey, the Spanish Labour Force Survey and birth records, all of them correspondin...

Seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Spain

OpenAIRE

Montes Cort?s, Maria Guadalupe; Fern?ndez-Garc?a, Jos? Luis; Habela Mart?nez-Est?llez, Miguel ?ngel

2017-01-01

Equine piroplasmoses are enzootic parasitic diseases distributed worldwide with high incidence in tropical and subtropical regions. In Spain, there is insufficient epidemiological data about equine piroplasmoses. The main aim of the present study was therefore to estimate the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in five regions and obtain information about the risk factors. This study was conducted in the central and south-western regions of Spain, using indirect fluorescence anti...

[Tarantism in Spain in the eighteen century: latrodectism and suggestion].

Science.gov (United States)

Corral-Corral, I; Corral-Corral, C

2016-10-16

Tarantism is the disease caused by the bite of the tarantula, in which the music tarantella triggers an involuntary dance. It is known in Italy since the sixteenth century. To analyze the tarantism reported in Spain at the end of the eighteenth century, with special attention to its neurological aspects, and to propose its medical and psychopathological explanation. An epidemic of people affected by the tarantula bite occurred in Spain in 1782. Spanish doctors described appropriately the clinical effects, identical to those produced by the bite of the spider black widow (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus), which was at that time identified as a tarantula. The cases reported by Francisco Xavier Cid cured with the involuntary dance triggered by the tarantella, as was described in Italy since the sixteenth century. Our interpretation is that this curative effect of dance in Spain was induced by suggestion. In Spanish patients there were no behavioral disturbances, periodic recurrences or collective involvement as those reported by Italian authors, which suggest an hysterical phenomenon, probably a continuation of the dancing mania of the Middle Age. Tarantism reported in Spain in the eighteenth century includes two different phenomena: the systemic symptoms produced by the tarantula bite, which is actually latrodectism, and the curative effect of the tarantella, explained by suggestion. The psychiatric disturbances, with a hysterical nature, falsely associated to the tarantula bite, observed in Italy, were not present among the Spanish cases of tarantism in the eighteenth century.

Non-native vascular plants from Canary Islands (Spain): nomenclatural and taxonomical adjustments

OpenAIRE

Verloove, F.

2013-01-01

Se propone correcciones taxonómicas y nomenclaturales respecto a 88 taxones no nativos de la lista de plantas vasculares de las Islas Canarias (España). Non-native vascular plants from Canary Islands (Spain): nomenclatural and taxonomical adjustments. Corrections and other adjustments are proposed for 88 non-native taxa from the checklist of vascular plants from the Canary Islands (Spain).

Nurse prescribing in Spain: The law and the curriculum.

Science.gov (United States)

Romero-Collado, Angel; Raurell-Torreda, Marta; Zabaleta-Del-Olmo, Edurne; Rascon-Hernan, Carolina; Homs-Romero, Erica

2017-09-01

In this cross-sectional study, we explored course content related to pharmacology and/or healthcare products and supplies in all nursing degree programs in Spain. Changes in nurse-prescribing legislation in Spain require that nurses take a certification course before prescribing over-the-counter products and medications. Using a cross-sectional descriptive study, between July and September 2014, the degree programs of all centers that offer a degree in nursing in Spain were examined, selecting those with course information available online. All centers offered at least one pharmacology course. One-third of the required courses had content related to pharmacology and healthcare products/supplies. The analysis showed that the course content and training received during the current nursing degree program provides the knowledge and skills needed to prescribe healthcare products/supplies and medications that do not now require a doctor's prescription, without the need for additional training and certification. It is essential that government regulation of nursing education be aligned with nursing competencies, curriculum standards, clinical practice, and evidence-based research to provide the maximum level of confidence for nursing professionals and their patients. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Evaluation of sites for the location of WEEE recycling plants in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Queiruga, Dolores; Walther, Grit; González-Benito, Javier; Spengler, Thomas

2008-01-01

As a consequence of new European legal regulations for treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), recycling plants have to be installed in Spain. In this context, this contribution describes a method for ranking of Spanish municipalities according to their appropriateness for the installation of these plants. In order to rank the alternatives, the discrete multi-criteria decision method PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organisation METHod for Enrichment Evaluations), combined with a surveys of experts, is applied. As existing plants are located in North and East Spain, a significant concentration of top ranking municipalities can be observed in South and Central Spain. The method does not present an optimal structure of the future recycling system, but provides a selection of good alternatives for potential locations of recycling plants.

Spain: Current Issues and U.S. Policy

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Woehrel, Steven

2007-01-01

.... The United States and Spain have generally enjoyed good relations. However, problems have arisen in recent years over such issues as the war in Iraq, promoting democracy in Latin America, and the tactics to be used in fighting the war on terrorism...

The water footprint of tourism in Spain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cazcarro, I.; Hoekstra, Arjen Ysbert; Sánchez Chóliz, J.

2014-01-01

This study complements the water footprint (WF) estimations for Spain, incorporating insights of the process analysis and input–output (IO) analysis. We evaluate the virtual (both blue and green consumed) water trade of agricultural and industrial products, but also of services, especially through

Spain, words that succeed and climate policies that fail

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tabara, J. David

2003-01-01

Official figures submitted in 2002 showing the trends of greenhouse gases during the period 1990-2000 indicate that Spain is a long way from attaining its commitments with the international and national programmes on climate change. Both structural and cultural factors are used to explain the evolution in climate politics and the growth of its emissions with particular emphasis given to the lack of public participation in this respect. It is also argued that Spain will have either to buy emission reductions abroad or/and find new ways to reduce greenhouse gases in a more decentralised manner in tune with its current Autonomous Communities' (ACs) political organisation

On Reproductive Work in Spain: Transnational Adoption, Egg Donation, Surrogacy.

Science.gov (United States)

Marre, Diana; San Román, Beatriz; Guerra, Diana

2018-01-01

Spain's plummeting fertility since the late twentieth century may seem to reflect a waning desire for children. Nevertheless, reproductive disappointments resulting from gender inequalities cause many Spanish women to postpone motherhood and experience age-related fertility problems. For them, creating a family often becomes possible only through the reproductive labor of other women. Our analysis of transnational adoption, egg donation, and surrogacy in Spain shows how anonymity and altruism play out in these three strategies, with implications for the valuation of women's reproductive work and relationships among reproductive providers, intermediaries, recipients, and the resulting children.

Retirement migration, the 'other' story: caring for frail elderly British citizens in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Kelly; Hardill, Irene

2016-03-01

Recent years have seen a growth in research on retirement/lifestyle migration to Spain, however this has tended to focus on the reasons for moving, as well as the lifestyles adopted as part of a healthy and active retirement. However, ageing in Spain can bring challenges as a person's resources for independent living diminish. This paper draws on narrative interviews with vulnerable older British people in Spain, focusing on those who have encountered a severe decline in health, are frail and in need of care. It looks at the formal and informal networks and agencies that support these individuals, in particular the resources and strategies they employ to access care. Drawing on a framework of care provision developed by Glucksmann and Lyons, four broad modes of provision for old age care used by older British people in Spain are identified: state/public, family/community, voluntary/not-for-profit and market/for-profit. The paper argues that there are language, cultural, spatial and financial barriers when accessing care in Spain as an older British citizen. It is concluded that there are some frail, vulnerable people that may fall through a support gap, whereby they are no longer the responsibility of UK welfare services, yet not fully recognised in their new country of residence, and asks if more should be done to support this population.

The implementation of the EU renewable directive in Spain. Strategies and challenges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Labriet, Maryse; Cabal, Helena; Lechon, Yolanda; Giannakidis, George; Kanudia, Amit

2010-01-01

Based on the European project RES2020, the analysis evaluates the energy strategies to be implemented in Spain in order to satisfy the EU Renewable Directive. The modelling framework relies on the technico-economic model TIMES-Spain, part of the Pan-European TIMES model used in the project. TIMES is a bottom-up technology rich optimisation model representing the whole energy systems of the countries. Among the results, it appears that the gap regarding the renewable deployment in Spain between the Business-as-Usual case (including the existing policies) and the EU Directive should be compensated mainly by the penetration of bioenergy in transport and industry, and by the implementation of conservation measures, which contribute to reduce the total energy demand and thus makes useless additional investments in renewable power plants compared to the Business-as-Usual case. Only higher climate mitigation ambitions result in an absolute increase in the renewable-based electricity generation compared to the Business-as-Usual case. Moreover, when allowed, Spain is offering renewable energy credits under the statistical transfer mechanism to other European countries. The cost increase of the modelled renewable and climate policies compared to the Business-as-Usual remains relatively minor.

Mercury concentrations in cattle from NW Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

López Alonso, M; Benedito, J L; Miranda, M; Castillo, C; Hernández, J; Shore, R F

2003-01-20

Mercury is a toxic metal that is released into the environment as a result of various industrial and agricultural processes. It can be accumulated by domestic animals and so contaminate human foodstuffs. To date, there is no information on mercury residues in livestock in Spain and the aim of the present study was to quantify the concentrations of mercury in cattle in two of the major regions in north-west Spain, Galicia (a largely rural region) and Asturias, which is characterised by heavy industry and mining. Total mercury concentrations were determined in tissue (liver, kidney and muscle) and blood from 284 calves (6-10 months old) and 56 cows (2-16 years old) from across the whole of the two regions. Mercury was usually detected in the kidney (62.4-87.5% of samples) but most (79.5-96%) liver, muscle and blood samples did not contain detectable residues. Renal mercury concentrations did not differ between male and female calves but were significantly greater in female calves than in cows. Unexpectedly, kidney mercury concentrations were significantly higher in calves from the predominantly rural region of Galicia (geometric mean: 12.2 microg/kg w.wt.) than in animals from the industrialised-mining region of Asturias (3.40 microg/kg w.wt.). Overall, mercury residues in cattle from NW Spain were similar to those reported in cattle from non-polluted areas in other countries and do not constitute a risk to animal or human health. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.

Transition Scenarios for Young People with Learning Disabilities in Spain. Relationships and Discrepancies

Science.gov (United States)

Pallisera, Maria

2011-01-01

This paper examines transition scenarios to adult and active life in Spain from an inclusive viewpoint. For people with learning disabilities, the transition to adult life is a particularly complex process worldwide, and this is especially true in Spain. The multitude of services and professionals involved, the diversity of views regarding what…

Chinese migration in Spain. General characteristics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amelia Sáiz López

2005-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper the Chinese presence in Spain is analyzed from a chronological perspective along with the ongoing changes in geographic location and economic activity. The growth in numbers of this community has obliged its members to look for new locations, distancing themselves from their ethnic strongholds, with the aim of bringingtheir migratory plans to fruition.

[Typology of nosocomial architecture on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, XVI century. Enrique Egas' model in Spain and Vasco de Quiroga's model in New Spain].

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Orozco, Alain Raimundo; Rodríguez Pérez, Martha Eugenia

2013-01-01

Two visions of the nosocomial architecture are discussed, located in a close time period, 1505-1535, but inserted in two different scenarios. One is in the Renaissance Spain, proposed by the architect E. Egas (born in Toledo, Spain), and the other one in the New Spain, proposed by V. de Quiroga, who chose an architectural style coherent with the Franciscan ideals of humbleness and evangelization, which set aside the ornamentation typical of Spanish medieval hospitals rather than palatial monuments built by E. Egas. The "hospital-village" project by V. de Quiroga allowed the patients and their families to live together, which was accepted by pre-Hispanic families that in the time were extensive. The hospital-village, both in its typology and in its health conception, returns to designs already in disuse of the Spanish Middle Age by picking up the idea of a hospital as a multifunctional space in which sanitary attention, nurseries, and shelters for poor people were combined within the church.

COMMERCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND SPAIN IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY

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О В Волосюк

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This article examines the development of trade relations between Russia and Spain during the reign of two Spanish kings: Charles IV and Ferdinand VII. The author’s attention is focused on the agency of diplomats, who made a big advance in the formation of trading relations between the two countries. The author concentrates on Ivan Muravyov-Apostol, the Russian ambassador to Spain (1802-1805, his Spanish partner Gaspar Maria de la Nava y Álvarez de Noroña (1802-1807, and on the consuls of Spain Antoni de Colombí (St. Petersburg and Francisco de Baguer y Ribas (Odessa. Based on their reports, which are located in both Rus-sian and Spanish archives, it is possible to trace the dependence of commercial relations from the political situation in the world, established in Europe in the era of Napoleonic wars. Their information also allows revealing the main stages of development in trading during these years and the future, observe the merchantry on the Baltic Sea and in the area of the Black Sea. Ana-lyzing these materials, conclusions about the cause of diminishing of the commercial activity between Russia and Spain during the reign of Ferdinand VII can be made. The attention of the author is also paid to the conditions, which were established for the trade of Spain´s main export product to Russia - wine, and trading of grain through the area of the Black and Mediterranean Seas, which received special progress in the beginning of the 19th century.

Aversive racism in Spain: testing the theory

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wojcieszak, M.

2015-01-01

This study applies the aversive racism framework to Spain and tests whether aversive racism depends on intergroup contact. Relying on a 3 (qualifications) by 3 (ethnicity) experiment, this study finds that aversive racism is especially pronounced against the Mexican job applicant, and emerges among

Competitiveness in the Southern Euro Area; France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain

OpenAIRE

Bogdan Lissovolik; Julio Escolano; Stefania Fabrizio; Werner Schule; Herman Z Bennett; Stephen Tokarick; Yuan Xiao; Marialuz Moreno Badia; Eva Gutierrez; Iryna V. Ivaschenko

2008-01-01

This collection of studies analyzes developments in nonprice external competitiveness of France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. While France, Italy, and Portugal have experienced substantial export market share losses, Greece and Spain performed relatively well. Export market share losses appear associated with rigidities in resource allocation (sectoral, geographical, technological) relative to peers and lower productivity gains in high value-added sectors. Disaggregated analysis of goo...

Rickettsioses in Latin America, Caribbean, Spain and Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo B. Labruna

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Data on genus and infectious by Rickettsia were retrospectively compiled from the critical review literature regarding all countries in Latin America, Caribbean islands, Portugal and Spain. We considered all Rickettsia records reported for human and/or animal hosts, and/or invertebrate hosts considered being the vector. In a few cases, when no direct detection of a given Rickettsia group or species was available for a given country, the serologic method was considered. A total of 13 Rickettsia species have been recorded in Latin America and the Caribbean. The species with the largest number of country confirmed records were Rickettsia felis (9 countries, R. prowazekii (7 countries, R. typhi (6 countries, R. rickettsii (6 countries, R. amblyommii (5 countries, and R. parkeri (4 countries. The rickettsial records for the Caribbean islands (West Indies were grouped in only one geographical area. Both R. bellii, R. akari, and Candidatus ‘R. andeane’ have been recorded in only 2 countries each, whereas R. massiliae, R. rhipicephali, R.monteiroi, and R. africae have each been recorded in a single country (in this case, R. africae has been recorded in nine Caribbean Islands. For El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, no specific Rickettsia has been reported so far, but there have been serological evidence of human or/and animal infection. The following countries remain without any rickettsial records: Belize, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, and Paraguay. In addition, except for a few islands, many Caribbean islands remain without records. A total of 12 Rickettsia species have been reported in Spain and Portugal: R. conorii, R. helvetica, R. monacensis, R. felis, R. slovaca, R. raoultii, R. sibirica, R. aeschlimannii, R. rioja, R. massiliae, R. typhi, and R. prowazekii. Amongst these Rickettsia species reported in Spain and Portugal, only R. prowazekii, R. typhi, R. felis, and R. massiliae have also been reported in Latin America. This study summarizes

Pakistanis in Spain: a study based on the community living in the city of Barcelona

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Montserrat Solé Aubia

2005-01-01

Full Text Available One of the characteristics of Spain becoming a country of immigration is the greater protagonism that some countries have acquired which had not traditionally been a major source of migration movements towards Spain. Such is the case of Pakistan, whose nationals living in Spain have considerably increased in recent years, mainly in the area of Barcelona. This study seeks to undertake a research line in order to get to know more deeply the reality of this community.

New DDT inputs after 30 years of prohibition in Spain. A case study in agricultural soils from south-western Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Munoz-Arnanz, Juan; Jimenez, Begona

2011-01-01

This study provides information on the current status of contamination by DDT in agricultural soils in south-western Spain. A recent use of technical DDT in at least 17% of the soils was found based on the values ( p,p ' /p,p ' =[p,p ' -DDE+p,p ' -DDD]/[p,p ' -DDT]. According to the ratio R o,p ' /p,p ' =[o,p ' -DDT]/[p,p ' -DDT], a dicofol type contamination was detected in about 27% of the soils. A wide range of concentrations was observed (0.08-11.1 ng/g d.w.) regardless of the type of crop soil. Enantiomeric fractions (EFs), based on the chiral analysis of o,p'-DDT residues differed from the racemic value (0.500) in most soils but they were not correlated with the study variables [DDTs], SOM, R p,p ' /p,p ' and R o,p ' /p,p ' . Given the health risks posed by DDT, our findings support how the environmental control of legacy pollutants such as DDT cannot be neglected. - Highlights: → Fresh technical DDT inputs detected in agricultural soils. → A Dicofol type contamination was found in agricultural soils from south-western Spain. → EFs of o,p'-DDT do not provide a good measure for overall DDT degradation. - Based on the isomeric ratio R p,p ' /p,p ' , a plausible recent input of technical DDT was found in agricultural soils from south-western Spain after more than 30 years of DDT ban.

Spain; Financial System Stability Assessment

OpenAIRE

International Monetary Fund

2012-01-01

This report summarizes the findings of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) Update for Spain. Although there is a core of strong banks that are well managed and appear resilient to further shocks, vulnerabilities remain. Substantial progress has been made in reforming the former savings banks, and the most vulnerable institutions have either been resolved or are being restructured. Recent measures address the most problematic part of banks’ portfolios. Moving ahead, a further restru...

Analysis of cerebrovascular mortality trends in Spain from 1980 to 2011.

Science.gov (United States)

Cayuela, A; Cayuela, L; Escudero-Martínez, I; Rodríguez-Domínguez, S; González, A; Moniche, F; Jiménez, M D; Montaner, J

2016-01-01

In recent decades, mortality rates for cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) have declined significantly in many countries. This study analyses changes in CVD mortality rates in Spain (1980-2011) to determine if previously observed trends remain. Data on CVD mortality rates and the population data needed for the analysis were provided by Spain's National Statistics Institute. We calculated age-specific mortality rate, age-standardised overall mortality, and age-truncated mortality (35-64 years) using the direct method and standard European population structure. Joinpoint analysis was used to estimate the percentage of annual change in rates and identify significant changes in trends. CVD mortality rate decreased considerably and continuously over the last 32 years in all age groups and in both sexes in Spain. For both sexes, joinpoint analysis identifies a final period with more marked decline: 2005-2011 in women (-6.3%) and 2007-2011 in men (-7.2%). CVD mortality rates displayed a marked and continuous decline in Spain between 1980 and 2011. Due to the ageing of the population, doctors expect an increase in CVD prevalence and therefore its magnitude in terms of disability and healthcare costs, which poses a challenge to our health system. Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Luis Huerta: Eugenics, Medicine and Pedagogy in Spain

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Luis Miguel LÁZARO LORENTE

2013-11-01

Full Text Available By comparison with the historiography of other European and Anglo-Saxon countries, the study of the origins and spread of Eugenics in Spain has not received much attention. Even less research has been done on the degree of acceptance of eugenic thought in the pedagogical domain or on the role teachers may have in the diffusion of eugenics. This paper attempts to explore the subject while focusing the analysis on the relations that were established among Medicine, Pedagogy and Eugenics in Spain during the first third of the 20th century. We will take as a point of reference and guiding line of thought the figure of the Asturian teacher Luis Huerta Naves, who was the driving force and tireless advocate of the eugenics movement in our country.

Country policy profile - Spain. December 2015

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2015-12-01

According to the Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources the target for the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in the year 2020 for Spain is 20% (according to EurObserv'ER calculation the share was 14.2% in 2012). The Directive has a mandatory 10 % target for transport to be achieved by all Member States, which refers to renewable sources as a whole, not bio-fuels alone. In Spain, the main support scheme called 'Regimen Especial' (Royal Decree 661/2007) operated until the end of 2011 was suspended at the beginning of 2012. The price regulation system is currently phased out trough Real Decreto 9/2013. In the former system, operators could choose between two options: a guaranteed feed-in tariff and a guaranteed bonus (premium) paid on top of the electricity price derived on the free market. More recently, the 6 June, Spain approved a clean energy bill that introduces an entirely new subsidy system. The FiT and market price plus premium systems have effectively been abolished retroactively and replaced by a sum to be allocated based on the plant's installed capacity to compensate for investment-related financial outlay. Under the decree, generators will earn a rate of return of about 7.5 percent over their lifetimes. This rate, which may be revised every three years, is based on the average interest of a 10-year sovereign bond plus 3 percentage points. These measures will be implemented retroactively to apply from July 2013. Currently, there is no support scheme for RES-H and C in place in Spain but building must satisfy a minimal solar contribution of warm sanitary water. Approved in March 2006, through Royal Decree 314/2006 of 17 March 2006, the Building Technical Code (CTE - Codigo Tecnico de la Edificacion) requires all new or renovated buildings to cover 30%-70% of the Domestic Hot Water demand with solar thermal energy. Some

The Controversy about Education for Citizenship: The Contested Limits of Tolerance in Spain

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Flora Burchianti

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Education is of crucial importance to ensure social cohesion and progress in a given society. Even if the content of citizenship education has been a matter of debate in several European countries, it has taken a singular development in Spain. The important controversy that has been triggered by its introduction in secondary school curriculum is a matter of interrogation: Why did Spain react differently than other European countries? The argument put forward in this article is that education for citizenship reveals the impossibility for Spain to provide a stabilised and consensual definition of national values and identity, precisely because the country is characterised by unresolved questions about its territorial and national diversity, and exemplifies multiple diversity challenges. After providing a European contextualisation of questions of religious and values teaching in Spain, we present a chronology of the controversy and then analyse the public debate in terms of limits to tolerance. We will show that the question of the shared public values highlighted by this conflict is still unsolved and remain non-consensual in the Spanish society.

National and regional analysis of road accidents in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Tolón-Becerra, A; Lastra-Bravo, X; Flores-Parra, I

2013-01-01

In Spain, the absolute fatality figures decreased almost 50 percent between 1998 and 2009. Despite this great effort, road mortality is still of great concern to political authorities. Further progress requires efficient road safety policy based on an optimal set of measures and targets that consider the initial conditions and characteristics in each region. This study attempts to analyze road accidents in Spain and its provinces in time and space during 1998-2009. First, we analyzed daily, monthly, and nationwide (NUTS 0) development of road accidents, the correlation between logarithmic transformations of road accidents and territorial and socioeconomic variables, the causality by simple linear regression of road accidents and territorial and socioeconomic variables, and preliminary frequency by fast Fourier transform. Then we analyzed the annual trend in accidents in the Spanish provinces (NUTS 3) and found a correlation between the logarithmic transformations of the mortality rate, fatalities per fatal accident, and accidents resulting in injuries per inhabitant variables and population, population density, gross domestic product (GDP), length of road network, and area. Finally, causality was analyzed by simple linear regression. The most outstanding results were the negative correlation between mortality rate and population density in Spanish provinces, which has increased over time, and that road accidents in Spain have an approximate periodicity of 57 days. The fast Fourier transform analysis of road accident frequency in Spain was useful in identifying the periodic, harmonic components of accidents and casualties. The periodicity observed both for the period 1998-2009 and by year showed that the highest intensity in road accidents was bimonthly, despite the lower number of accidents and casualties in the spectra of amplitude and power and efforts to reduce the intensity and concentration during off-season travel (summer and December).

The Evolution of the First Cohabitation of Women in Spain: Change or Stability?

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Thaís García-Pereiro

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In Spain cohabitation the prevalence of cohabiting couples is no longer marginal. Not only the incidence but also the nature of cohabiting couples is diverse: in Spain cohabitation is considered a temporal alternative that generally ends with the legalization of the union (marriage. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the incidence, duration and development of cohabitation using a life course comparative approach, identifying also the profi les of women who split up against those who decide to marry. Results show the prevalence of the transition from cohabitation to marriage in Spain, establishing this type of union as a prelude and not as a definitive alternative to marriage

Analysis of Official Suicide Statistics in Spain (1910-2011

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2017-01-01

Full Text Available In this article we examine the evolution of suicide rates in Spain from 1910 to 2011. As something new, we use standardised suicide rates, making them perfectly comparable geographically and in time, as they no longer reflect population structure. Using historical data from a series of socioeconomic variables for all Spain's provinces and applying new techniques for the statistical analysis of panel data, we are able to confirm many of the hypotheses established by Durkheim at the end of the 19th century, especially those related to fertility and marriage rates, age, sex and the aging index. Our findings, however, contradict Durkheim's approach regarding the impact of urbanisation processes and poverty on suicide.

New records of non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae from Mallorca, Spain

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Viktor Baranov

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Ten species of non-biting midges belonging to the subfamily Orthocladiinae were found in samples from predominantly madicolous habitats in Mallorca, Spain. One species, Bryophaenocladius nidorum (Edwards, 1929, has not previously been recorded from Spain, while Smittia pratorum (Goetghebuer, 1927, Bryophaenocladius inconstans (Brundin, 1947, Orthocladius (O. maius Goetghebuer, 1942, Paracladius conversus (Walker, 1856 and Paraphaenocladius impensus (Walker, 1856 are recorded for the first time from the Balearic Islands.

Inequalities in the use of mammography in Spain : effect of caring for disabled family

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sanz-Barbero, Belen; Sopacua, Maurice; Otero-Garcia, Laura; Borda-Olivas, Alfredo; Zunzunegui, Maria Victoria

2012-01-01

To examine the association between caring for disabled household members and the use of mammography in Spain during the 2 years before the interview. Weighted cross-sectional data from the 2006 National Health Survey in Spain. Using logistic regression models we analyzed the association between the

Ações judiciais, conteúdos políticos: uma proposta de análise para o caso brasileiro Lawsuits, political content: a proposed analysis for the Brazilian case

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiano Engelmann

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Ações judiciais demandando políticas públicas são recorrentes nas democracias ocidentais. Este artigo pretende analisar a especificidade dos embates em torno deste tema no Brasil a partir da categorização dos significados políticos presentes nos argumentos mobilizados no espaço jurídico. Os dados apresentados foram construídos a partir de uma série de decisões judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e do Supremo Tribunal Federal em torno das demandas fundadas no "direito à saúde". Os perfis de argumentos presentes nas decisões evidenciam que o ativismo do Judiciário é balizado em concepções jurídicas que opõem a "unidade do Estado" e a "interpretação da Constituição" à dinâmica das administrações públicas. O fenômeno que se pode denominar de "juridicização da política" no Brasil comporta diversos problemas que precisam ser melhor explorados pela ciência política, entre os quais destacamos a emergência de uma "interpretação jurídica" da dinâmica da execução de políticas com forte repercussão pública.Lawsuits which demand public policies are recurrent in Western democracies. This article aims to analyze the specificity of clashes around this topic in Brazil parting from the categorization of political meanings that are present in the arguments deployed in the legal environment. The data presented were constructed from a series of judgments of the Court of Justice of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and the Supreme Court around the demands based on the "right to health". The profiles of arguments present in decisions show that the activism of the judiciary is marked out in legal concepts that oppose the "unity of the state" and "interpretation of the Constitution" to the dynamics of public administration. The phenomenon that can be termed "juridicization of politics" in Brazil entails several problems that need to be better explored by the political science, among which we

The effect of immigration on the employment opportunities of native-born workers : some evidence for Spain

OpenAIRE

Carrasco, Raquel; Jimeno, Juan F.; Ortega, Ana Carolina

2004-01-01

Spain is one of the European countries where immigration flows during the last decade have increased noticeably. The Spanish labor market institutions and the Spanish immigration policy exhibit some peculiarities which may be relevant when analyzing the impact of immigration. This paper provides a first approximation to the labor market effects of immigrants in Spain during the second half of the 1990s, the period in which immigration flows to Spain have accelerated. By usin...

The Use (and Misuse) of PISA in Guiding Policy Reform: The Case of Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Álvaro; Jerrim, John

2016-01-01

In 2013 Spain introduced a series of educational reforms explicitly inspired by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 results. These reforms were mainly implemented in secondary education--based upon the assumption that this is where Spain's educational problems lie. This paper questions this assumption by attempting to…

Update on Spain's oil market

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Whitaker, D.; Gutierrez, I.

1994-01-01

Since Spain's entry into the European Community a liberalisation of the oil industry has occurred culminating in two oil sector reform laws passed in 1992. While competition has increased, a return to the free-market policies which held sway before 1927 has not happened. Rather, three large companies dominate the Spanish oil market, with continuing input from government towards liberalization, if somewhat slowly. This paper describes recent changes and examines factors which limit liberalization policies. (UK)

Nuclear energy in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Villota, C. de

2007-01-01

Carlos Villota. Director of Nuclear Energy of UNESA gave an overview of the Spanish nuclear industry, the utility companies and the relevant institutions. Companies of the nuclear industry include firms that produce heavy components or equipment (ENSA), manufacturers of nuclear fuel (ENUSA), engineering companies, the National Company for Radioactive Waste Management (ENRESA), and nuclear power plants (nine units at seven sites). Nuclear energy is a significant component of the energy mix in Spain: 11% of all energy produced in Spain is of nuclear origin, whilst the share of nuclear energy in the total electricity generation is approximately 23%. The five main players of the energy sector that provide for the vast majority of electricity production, distribution, and supply have formed the Spanish Electricity Industry Association (UNESA). The latter carries out co-ordination, representation, management and promotion tasks for its members, as well as the protection of their business and professional interests. In the nuclear field, UNESA through its Nuclear Energy Committee co-ordinates aspects related to nuclear safety and radiological protection, regulation, NPP operation and R and D. Regarding the institutional framework of the nuclear industry, ENSA, ENUSA and ENRESA are controlled by the national government through the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Science and Technology. All companies of the nuclear industry are licensed by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade (MITYC), while the regulatory body is the Nuclear Safety Council (CSN). It is noteworthy that CSN is independent of the government, as it reports directly to Parliament. (author)

Equine viral arteritis in breeding and sport horses in central Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Cruz-Lopez, Fatima; Newton, Richard; Sanchez-Rodriguez, Ana; Ireland, Joanne; Mughini-Gras, Lapo; Moreno, Miguel A; Fores, Paloma

2017-12-01

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) may have a high economic impact on breeding stud farms due to the occurrence of EVA-associated abortion outbreaks and the ability of the virus to persist in carrier stallions. While the consequences of EVA in premises with sport horses are usually less severe, the first confirmed outbreak of EVA in Spain occurred in a riding club in Barcelona, but no data on the seroprevalence of EVA in sport horses have been reported in Spain. Given the importance of both Spanish Purebred (SP) breeding horses and sport horses for Spain's equine industry, the aim of this study was to determine and compare the seroprevalence of EVA in these two horse populations in central Spain. Serum samples from 155 SP breeding horses residing in 16 stud farms and 105 sport horses of different breeds housed in 12 riding clubs, collected between September 2011 and November 2013, were tested using a commercial EVA antibody ELISA test with a 100% sensitivity, and confirmed by seroneutralisation (SN) test. EVA seroprevalence in SP breeding horses was higher 21.1% (95% CI 15.3-26.8%) than that in sport horses (6.7%, 95% CI 1.89-11.45%). However, the primary use (breeding vs. sport) was not significantly associated with seropositivity to Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), suggesting that different management factors do not affect EVA circulation in these two horse populations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The profession of neuropsychology in Spain: results of a national survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Olabarrieta-Landa, Laiene; Caracuel, Alfonso; Pérez-García, Miguel; Panyavin, Ivan; Morlett-Paredes, Alejandra; Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos

2016-11-01

To examine the current status of professional neuropsychology in Spain, with particular focus on the areas of professional training, current work situation, evaluation and diagnostic practice, rehabilitation, teaching, and research. Three hundred and thirty-nine self-identified professionals in neuropsychology from Spain completed an online survey between July and December of 2013. Respondents had an average age of 35.8 years and 77% were women. Ninety-seven percent of the respondents identified as psychologists; 82% of the sample had a master's degree, and 33% a doctoral degree. The majority (91%) received their neuropsychological training at a graduate level; 88% engaged in neuropsychological evaluation, 59% in rehabilitation, 50% in research, and 40% in teaching. Average number of hours per week dedicated to work in neuropsychology was 29.7, with 28% of the respondents reporting working in hospitals, 17% in not-for-profit rehabilitation centers, 15% in universities, and 14% in private clinics. Clinicians primarily work with individuals with stroke, traumatic brain injury, and dementia. The top perceived barriers to development of neuropsychology in Spain included lack of clinical and academic training opportunities, and negative attitude toward professional collaboration. The field of neuropsychology in Spain is young and rapidly growing. There is a need to regulate professional neuropsychology, improve graduate curricula, enhance existing clinical training, develop professional certification programs, validate and create normative data for existing neuropsychological tests, and create new, culturally relevant instruments.

[Medication adherence and use of health services in patients with psychosis in the region of Osona (Catalonia, Spain)].

Science.gov (United States)

Palmarola-Ginesta, Joan; Chirveches-Pérez, Emilia; Puigoriol-Juvanteny, Emma; Bleda-García, Francesc; Villa-Ribas, Ester; Arrufat-Nebot, Francesc Xavier

2014-04-01

To describe and analyze sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, medication adherence and use of health resources by country of birth of psychosis diagnosed patients treated with long-term antipsychotic injectable drugs in the region of Osona (Catalonia, Spain). Descriptive observational study in psychosis diagnosed patients over 18 years old, receiving long-term antipsychotic injectable treatment and treated at a Mental Health Center for adults in Vic (Catalonia, Spain). 185 patients were included, of them: 163 (88.1%) were born in Spain and 22 (17.9%) abroad. The sample was gender homogeneous with differences in age, employment status, family situation and diagnosis (p Spain-born patients and 9.1% of abroad-born patients received the injectable treatment at Primary Care Center (p Spain and 6 (27.3%) abroad (p = 0.012). All patients diagnosed with psychosis, either born or not in Spain, describe good adherence to long-term antipsychotic injectable treatment, with similar use of health resources from a quantitative point of view and some differences in the type of visits.

Spain: promoting the welfare of older adults in the context of population aging.

Science.gov (United States)

Serrano, Juan P; Latorre, José M; Gatz, Margaret

2014-10-01

Spain is one of the European countries with the most significant societal changes in the 21st century contributing to an aging population, in particular, high life expectancy coupled with low fertility, which will result in a doubling of the old-age dependency ratio. Demographic aging implies important challenges that affect the lives of people, families, the economy, public finances, and the reorganization of the health and social systems. Currently, the older population has become particularly vulnerable due to the economic crisis taking place in Spain, which has brought about the need for new policies and systems to protect older persons. The pension system is under the greatest threat in conjunction with possible changes in the national health care system. This report presents a general view of the main factors that surround and affect older adults in Spain, as well as policies developed by the government in response to the current and future situation. We highlight demographic predictions for the coming decades, quality-of-life indicators, situations of dependency, active aging policies, and the main research programs related to gerontology in Spain. © Crown copyright 2014.

Prospects of spent management in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Melches, C.; Ramirez, E.; Selgas, F.; Cabanilles, P.A.; Lopez Perez, B.; Uriarte, A.

1978-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to outline the forecast on spent fuel management in Spain, taking into account the international developments produced during the last years and specially on LWR fuels. This forecast is based on the following actions: increase of the storage capacity in the reactors: construction of an independent spent fuel storage installation (ISFSI) and a fuel reprocessing pilot plant. (author)

Biomass power: Exploring the diffusion challenges in Spain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dinica, V.

2009-01-01

The use of biomass resources for power generation offers numerous benefits of interest for political decision-makers: fuel security, rural and industrial development, ecological benefits. In Spain, policy instruments have been used since 1980 to stimulate biomass power generation. However, the

[CONTENT OF TRANS FATTY ACIDS IN FOOD PRODUCTS IN SPAIN].

Science.gov (United States)

Robledo de Dios, Teresa; Dal Re Saavedra, M Ángeles; Villar Villalba, Carmen; Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón

2015-09-01

trans fatty acids are associated to several health disorders, as ischemic heart disease or diabetes mellitus. to assess the content of trans fatty acids in products in Spain, and the percentage of trans fatty acids respecting total fatty acids. 443 food products were acquired in Spain, and they were classified into groups. The content in fatty acids was analyzed using gas chromatography. Estimates of central tendency and variability of the content of trans fatty acids in each food group were computed (in g of trans fatty acids/100 g of product). The percentage of trans fatty acids respecting total fatty acids was calculated in each group. 443 products were grouped into 42 groups. Median of trans fatty acids was less than 0.55 g / 100 g of product in all groups except one. 83 % of groups had less than 2 % of trans fatty acids, and 71 % of groups had less than 1 %. the content of trans fatty acids in Spain is low, and it currently doesn't play a public health problem. Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.

Design and construction of the multilayer cover for uranium ores landfills in Andujar (Spain) mining

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanchez, M.; Santiago, J.L. de.

1994-01-01

This report shows the design and construction of multilayer cover for the landfill of sterile uranium ores in Andujar Mining (Spain). The main chapters are: 1.- Decommissioning project of Uranium Mining in Andujar (Spain) 2.- Elements and design of cover. 3.- Characteristic material

Acute intestinal anisakiasis in Spain: a fourth-stage Anisakis simplex larva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mª José Rosales

1999-11-01

Full Text Available A case of acute intestinal anisakiasis has been reported; a nematode larva being found in the submucosa of the ileum of a woman in Jaén (Spain. The source of infection was the ingestion of raw Engraulis encrasicholus. On the basis of its morphology, the worm has been identified as a fourth-stage larva of Anisakis simplex. In Spain, this is the ninth report of human anisakiasis and also probably the first case of anisakiasis caused by a fourth-stage larva of A. simplex.

Nuclear fission technology in Spain: History and social concerns.

Science.gov (United States)

Aliende Urtasun, Ana; Luquin, Asunción; Garrido, Julián J

2017-04-01

This research examines the evolution of nuclear technology in Spain from the early years of the Franco dictatorship to the global financial crisis and technology's influence on Spanish culture. To this end, we take a sociological perspective, with science culture and social perceptions of risk in knowledge societies serving as the two elements of focus in this work. In this sense, this article analyses the transformation of social relationships in light of technological changes. We propose technology as a strategic place to observe the institutional and organisational dynamics of technologic-scientific risks, the expert role and Spain's science culture. In addition, more specifically, within the language of co-production, we 'follow the actor' and favour new forms of citizen participation that promote ethics to discuss technological issues.

Educational inequalities in parental care time: Cross-national evidence from Belgium, Denmark, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Science.gov (United States)

Gracia, Pablo; Ghysels, Joris

2017-03-01

This study uses time-diary data for dual-earner couples from Belgium, Denmark, Spain, and the United Kingdom to analyze educational inequalities in parental care time in different national contexts. For mothers, education is significantly associated with parenting involvement only in Spain and the United Kingdom. In Spain these differences are largely explained by inequalities in mothers' time and monetary resources, but not in the United Kingdom, where less-educated mothers disproportionally work in short part-time jobs. For fathers, education is associated with parenting time in Denmark, and particularly in Spain, while the wife's resources substantially drive these associations. On weekends, the educational gradient in parental care time applies only to Spain and the United Kingdom, two countries with particularly large inequalities in parents' opportunities to engage in parenting. The study shows country variations in educational inequalities in parenting, suggesting that socioeconomic resources, especially from mothers, shape important variations in parenting involvement. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Pediatric allergy and immunology in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Nieto, Antonio; Mazon, Angel; Martin-Mateos, Maria Anunciacion; Plaza, Ana-Maria; Garde, Jesus; Alonso, Elena; Martorell, Antonio; Boquete, Manuel; Lorente, Felix; Ibero, Marcel; Bone, Javier; Pamies, Rafael; Garcia, Juan Miguel; Echeverria, Luis; Nevot, Santiago; Martinez-Cañavate, Ana; Fernandez-Benitez, Margarita; Garcia-Marcos, Luis

2011-11-01

The data of the ISAAC project in Spain show a prevalence of childhood asthma ranging from 7.1% to 15.3%, with regional differences; a higher prevalence, 22.6% to 35.8%, is described for rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis is found in 4.1% to 7.6% of children. The prevalence of food allergy is 3%. All children in Spain have the right to be visited in the National Health System. The medical care at the primary level is provided by pediatricians, who have obtained their titles through a 4-yr medical residency training program. The education on pediatric allergy during that period is not compulsory and thus very variable. There are currently 112 certified European pediatric allergists in Spain, who have obtained the accreditation of the European Union of Medical Specialist for proven skills and experience in pediatric allergy. Future specialists in pediatric allergy should obtain their titles through a specific education program to be developed in one of the four accredited training units on pediatric allergy, after obtaining the title on pediatrics. The Spanish Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEICAP) gathers over 350 pediatric allergists and pediatricians working in this field. SEICAP has a growing activity including yearly congresses, continued education courses, elaboration of technical clinical documents and protocols, education of patients, and collaboration with other scientific societies and associations of patients. The official journal of SEICAP is Allergologia et Immunophatologia, published every 2 months since 1972. The web site of SEICAP, http://www.seicap.es, open since 2004, offers information for professionals and extensive information on pediatric allergic and immunologic disorders for the lay public; the web site is receiving 750 daily visits during 2011. The pediatric allergy units are very active in clinical work, procedures as immunotherapy or induction of oral tolerance in food allergy, contribution to scientific literature, and

Reviews of National Policies for Education: Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France).

Recent reforms affecting every aspect of Spain's educational system are reviewed in this report. The first part presents the observations of three educators from other European countries ("The Examiners' Report"). Part 2 is a "Record of the Review Meeting" held in Paris in December of 1985 10 months after the examiners' visit…

The Impact of Multilingualism on Spanish Language Acquisition among Immigrants in Spain

OpenAIRE

Budría, Santiago; Swedberg, Pablo

2014-01-01

This article uses micro-data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey to analyze the acquisition of Spanish language skills for immigrants in Spain. The motivation of the paper is threefold. Language skills are important for an individual's labour market performance, Spain offers an important non-English speaking country instance and the main novelty of our paper is to explore the impact of speaking multiple foreign languages on host language learning for immigrants. The results reveal a st...

Juan Ruiz De Alarcón: Impairment as Empowerment in Early Modern Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, Gloria Bodtorf

2016-01-01

Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, a seventeenth-century writer and native of New Spain, so excelled at the craft of writing "comedias" that he is recognized as one of the great writers of early modern Spain. In his personal life Ruiz de Alarcón struggled with a significant bodily impairment, a large hump on both his back and front, which made him…

Critical Insights in Media Literacy Research in Spain: Educational and Political Challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Marta-Lazo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article proposes a critical perspective on the tradition of media literacy research in Spain in order to examine how Spanish scholars are facing challenges on public policy, and more specifically school curricula, regarding media education. Research in media literacy in Spain (known as educomunicación in Spanish has moved forward through the interest of scholars and other groups, such as journalists and school teachers, who have raised awareness on the need to develop a critical and creative media learning system. This article will review a the European and Hispanic heritages on media literacy in Spain, b main current research groups and projects focusing on media education and c academic policy on digital competence in formal learning. Lastly, this article will suggest some recommendations on education and policy that will help gain more support among academia, media and citizens within the European and Latin American context.

Review of Doctoral Research on Second Language Teaching and Learning in Spain (2008-2010)

Science.gov (United States)

Serrano, Raquel; Miralpeix, Imma

2013-01-01

This paper reviews a selection of doctoral theses on language learning and teaching completed in Spain between 2008 and 2010. A total of 16 theses have been identified as representative--in terms of the topics under investigation and the methodology employed--of the doctoral research undertaken in Spain. Current topics include the development of…

Differences in Attitudes Toward Living Kidney Donation Among Dominican Immigrants Living in Spain and the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

Ríos, A; López-Navas, A I; Sánchez, Á; Flores-Medina, J; Ayala, M A; Garrido, G; Sebastián, M J; Martínez-Alarcón, L; Ramis, G; Hernández, A M; Ramírez, P; Parrilla, P

2018-03-01

The Dominican population has a double-emigration pathway: one is to the USA, by proximity, and the other is to Spain, by sociocultural identification. Our aim was to determine attitudes toward living organ donation among Dominicans residing in Florida (USA) and Spain. All study participants were at least 15 years old and living in either Florida (USA) or Spain, and stratified by gender and age. A questionnaire on attitudes toward living kidney donation ("PCID-LKD Ríos") was used. The support of immigrant associations in Florida and Spain was required to advise on survey locations. Data obtained were anonymized and self-administered. The study questionnaire was completed by 123 Dominicans, 68% of whom were in favor of living related kidney donation. There were differences (P = .004) according to the country of residence. Eighty-one percent of Spain's Dominican residents were in favor, compared with 56% of Florida's residents. Factors associated with attitude toward donation were level of education (P donation (P = .006), attitude toward cadaveric organ donation (P donation (P = .046). Attitudes toward living kidney donation among immigrant Dominicans varies between Spain and the USA, with the former showing a more positive view. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ecology and functional roles of biological soil crusts in semi-arid ecosystems of Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Maestre, Fernando T.; Bowker, Matthew A.; Cantón, Yolanda; Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P.; Cortina, Jordi; Escolar, Cristina; Escudero, Adrián; Lázaro, Roberto; Martínez, Isabel

2015-01-01

Biological soil crusts (BSCs), composed of lichens, cyanobacteria, mosses, liverworts and microorganisms, are key biotic components of arid and semi-arid ecosystems worldwide. Despite they are widespread in Spain, these organisms have been historically understudied in this country. This trend is beginning to change as a recent wave of research has been identifying BSCs as a model ecological system. Many studies and research projects carried out in Spain have explored the role of BSCs on water, carbon and nitrogen fluxes, the interactions between BSCs and vascular plants, their dynamics after disturbances, and their response to global change, among other topics. In this article we review the growing body of research on BSCs available from semi-arid areas of Spain, highlighting its importance for increasing our knowledge on this group of organisms. We also discuss how it is breaking new ground in emerging research areas on the ecology of BSCs, and how it can be use to guide management and restoration efforts. Finally, we provide directions for future research on the ecology of BSCs in Spain and abroad. PMID:25908884

Regulatory aspects to the radioactive facilities in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tormo Ferrero, Manuel Jose

1998-01-01

The work refers the history to the nuclear energy in Spain, the creation to the Junta de Energia Nuclear for the regulatory control as regards to radiological protection and security, and the laws and established ordinances for these ends in the country

A survey of Rocketry and astronautics in Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Maluquer, J. J.

1977-01-01

The entire field of rocketry and astronautics in Spain was studied. Congreve war rockets in military actions were emphasized in the African war, the Cuban campaign and the Spanish Civil War. Rockets in space travel were also summarized along with space science fiction.

Cost and price auditing: effectiveness in the procurement of defense services in Spain

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José Aguado Romero

Full Text Available Abstract Contract auditing, or cost and price auditing, has been applied in Spain as a means of determining prices in non-competitive defense contracts since 1989. Factors such as Spain's participation in international defense organizations, the characteristics of the defense market and the contractual legal framework for the procurement of defense goods and services help underscore the need for the Spanish Ministry of Defense to implement cost and price auditing. With the evolution of cost and price auditing in Spain in mind, this paper analyses the entire process, describes the audit procedures that are most commonly used today and assesses the main results achieved, in terms of financial savings. The results obtained show that cost and price auditing does indeed contribute to a more efficient use of public resources.

How the national prices impact the international activity? The case of oilive oil market in Spain

OpenAIRE

Aubert, Magali; Demaria, Federica; Gutiérrez-Salcedo, Maria

2014-01-01

Olive oil plays an important role in the European Union countries where Spain, Italy and Greece are the main actors. Spain industry knew a flourished period by confirming its own leadership in this sector. Spain is the main olive oil producer and exporter in the world. Starting from this evidence, the main objective of this work is that of analysing the price transmission at the national level to understand in which way this activity has some impact on the international ones. At first we look...

Diplomacy, Propaganda, and Humanitarian Gestures: Francoist Spain and Egyptian Jews, 1956-1968

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Raanan Rein

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Historians still debate over the help extended by Francoist Spain to European Jews during the Holocaust. The Spanish dictatorship always exaggerated the extent of this assistance. This propagandist effort on the part of the Spanish regime to portray itself as the savior of Jews in distress, especially Jews of Sephardic origin, was put to the test during the 1950s and 1960s, when Madrid was asked to help Egyptian Jews following the 1956 and 1967 wars in the Middle East. Based on research in Spanish and Israeli archives, this article argues that: a Spain could have done more to help Egyptian Jews. Its policy was unclear and inconsistent. Moreover, the assistance that was finally given was intended mainly to improve the dictatorship’s image in the eyes of Western democratic public opinion; b the Francoist dictatorship did its best to prevent the settlement of Jews in Spain; c the help extended to Egyptian Jews owed more to the initiatives of individual Spanish diplomats than to the policy adopted by the Spanish government; d all this notwithstanding, the help given by Spain to Egyptian Jews should be appreciated and considered within the context of its overall effort to save Jews in distress in other Arab countries in the post-World War II period.

Growth and demographic patterns of marriages of foreign population in Spain

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Clara Cortina

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The dramatic growth of international immigration in Spain during the last decade has considerably increased the number of marriages with at least one foreign national. Between 1989 and 2004, the proportion of these marriages increased from 4% to12%, totalling 25.618 unions in 2004. However, marriage patterns of foreign nationals have attracted little attention among researcher spartly because of the small number of cases that were available until recently. Within this context, this paper examines the growth and demographic patterns of marriages of foreign populationin Spain, compared to those of only Spanish nationals, taking into account the age at marriage, type of union (religious or civil,first and later order of marriages, and degree of endogamy. We use microdata from the Spanish vital statistics on marriages (Movimiento Natural de la Población between 1989 and 2004. Results show that marriages of foreign population in Spain, particularly those that involve one Spanish partner, present some distinct characteristics, in particular associated with gender, in contrast to those marriages that only involve Spanish nationals.

CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY IN SPAIN: PRESENT AND FUTURE

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José Luis González

2015-05-01

Full Text Available As part of legal psychology, as it is understood in Spain, we can distinguish between the applications of psychology in the different steps of the judicial process: in police stations during criminal investigations, in court when the perpetrators have already been identified and arrested, and in prisons where they are eventually sent after being convicted. This paper argues that when psychology assists the criminal investigation in the first step of the judicial process - the police activities-, we are talking about criminal psychology, at two levels: the operational level (mostly pertaining to criminal psychology and the strategic level (shared with other areas of expertise. After describing its peculiarities and specific areas, in analogy with the support provided by other forensic sciences, we explain that in Spain this specialty is carried out professionally from within our own police forces, with a profile that is very different from the more traditional police psychology, and in close collaboration with the academic environment with regard to the scientific development of techniques and procedures.

The burden of hospital malnutrition in Spain: methods and development of the PREDyCES® study.

Science.gov (United States)

Planas Vila, M; Álvarez Hernández, J; García de Lorenzo, A; Celaya Pérez, S; León Sanz, M; García-Lorda, P; Brosa, M

2010-01-01

It is well known that hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent condition associated to increase morbidity and mortality as well as related healthcare costs. Although previous studies have already measured the prevalence and/or costs of hospital nutrition in our country, their local focus (at regional or even hospital level) make that the true prevalence and economic impact of hospital malnutrition for the National Health System remain unknown in Spain. The PREDyCES® (Prevalence of hospital malnutrition and associated costs in Spain) study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hospital malnutrition in Spain and to estimate related costs. Some aspects made this study unique: a) It was the first study in a representative sample of hospitals of Spain; b) different measures to assess hospital malnutrition (NRS2002, MNA as well as anthropometric and biochemical markers) where used both at admission and discharge and, c) the economic consequences of malnutrition where estimated using the perspective of the Spanish National Health System.

Leishmaniasis cutánea en España Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Spain

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F Pulgar

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Comunicamos un caso de Leishmaniasis cutánea localizada en miembros inferiores, la respuesta terapéutica al antimonial fue buena, observándose solo una cicatriz residual. La entidad no es frecuente en España.An 84-years-old woman from Spain with papules-nodules, some ulcerated in the lower limbs is reported. The therapeutic response to the meglumine was satisfactory with a residual scar as only secuelae. The Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is infrequent in Spain.

Intercultural Education in Spain and Switzerland: a Comparative Approach

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Ferran Ferrer

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Intercultural education during the last two decades in Spain and Switzerland can be understood as balancing acts because policymakers in both countries saw their school systems enrolling a growing number of immigrant and minority students. While solutions were formulated and adopted in response to each country's unique problems and political tradition, they were also driven by forces that fostered a restrictive immigration policy toward immigrants from third world countries. This article examines the emergence of intercultural education and compares diverse practices linked to this process. Some similarities were found in both socio-cultural contexts. The use of compensatory education with culturally diverse children contributes to school segregation. Although cultural and linguistic diversity is a structural and historical component of Spanish and Swiss identities, there is a clear separation between "internal" and "external" diversity in educational policy. It is interesting, for instance, to observe that the concept used in addressing regional identities in Spain and Switzerland is "bilingual education" while the theme used for immigrants is "intercultural education". We also identified some important differences between the two contexts. The number of immigrant youth is much more important in Switzerland. On the other hand, the presence of Gypsy students is a central issue of cultural diversity in Spain. The paper also reports on the general lack of teacher education departments to prepare their pre-service students for diverse schools. Most teacher education programs acknowledge in principle the importance of pluralistic preparation of teachers. In practice, however, most teacher education programs actually represent a monocultural approach. Continuing education in the field of intercultural education is linked to individual initiatives rather than to an institutional awareness of the importance of cross-cultural training. In order to

Who cares? A comparison of informal and formal care provision in Spain, England and the USA.

Science.gov (United States)

Solé-Auró, Aïda; Crimmins, Eileen M

2014-03-01

This paper investigates the prevalence of incapacity in performing daily activities and the associations between household composition and availability of family members and receipt of care among older adults with functioning problems in Spain, England and the United States of America (USA). We examine how living arrangements, marital status, child availability, limitations in functioning ability, age and gender affect the probability of receiving formal care and informal care from household members and from others in three countries with different family structures, living arrangements and policies supporting care of the incapacitated. Data sources include the 2006 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for Spain, the third wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006), and the eighth wave of the USA Health and Retirement Study (2006). Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions are used to estimate the probability of receiving care and the sources of care among persons age 50 and older. The percentage of people with functional limitations receiving care is higher in Spain. More care comes from outside the household in the USA and England than in Spain. The use of formal care among the incapacitated is lowest in the USA and highest in Spain.

Networks and Selection in International Migration to Spain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Neubecker, Nina; Smolka, Marcel; Steinbacher, Anne

This paper provides new evidence on migrant networks as determinants of the scale and skill structure of migration, using aggregate data from a recent migration boom to Spain. We develop a three-level nested multinomial logit migration model. Our model accommodates varying degrees of similarity...

75 FR 62764 - Chlorinated Isocyanurates From Spain and the People's Republic of China: Continuation of...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-13

... Isocyanurates From Spain and the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Order AGENCY... (``chlorinated isos'') from Spain and the People's Republic of China (``PRC'') would be likely to lead to... the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (``Act'').\\1\\ \\1\\ See Initiation of Five-Year (``Sunset'') Review...

Synonyms and homonyms of Malvasia cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) existing in Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez Torres, I.; Ibanez, J.; Andres, M. T. de; Rubio, C.; Borrego, J.; Cabello, F.; Zerolo, J.; Munoz Organero, G.

2009-07-01

Malvasia is a common name for different grape cultivars that have long been grown in Spain. In many cases, these cultivars are noted as being aromatic, sweet, and similar to Muscat in flavour. However, not all grapes that share this name exhibit these characteristics. This study compares the Malvasia cultivars in the Spanish Denominations of Origin with those grape cultivars grown in the grapevine collection of El Encin (Alcala de Henares, Spain) using morphological, iso enzymatic, and micro satellite analysis as well as a large bibliographic search of the studied cultivars. Despite their Malvasia denomination, some cultivars have been identified as synonyms of Macabeo, Alarije, Dona Blanca, Chasselas, or Planta Nova, all included on the official Spanish list of commercial grape cultivars. Malvasia de Sitges and Malvasia de Lanzarote have the characteristic flavour of Malvasia grapes and no synonyms were found among the cultivars grown in Spain, whereas Malvasia Rosada resulted from a colour mutation in Malvasia de Sitges. (Author) 26 refs.

Does Education Affect Happiness? Evidence for Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Cunado, Juncal; de Gracia, Fernando Perez

2012-01-01

In this paper we study the impact of education on happiness in Spain using individual-level data from the European Social Survey, by means of estimating Ordinal Logit Models. We find both direct and indirect effects of education on happiness. First, we find an indirect effect of education on happiness through income and labour status. That is, we…

EL TRIBUNAL DEL JURADO EN ESTADOS UNIDOS, FRANCIA Y ESPAÑA: TRES MODELOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE JUSTICIA. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA EDUCACIÓN DEL CIUDADANO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mercedes Novo Pérez

2002-07-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo, desde el marco integrador de la Psicología Jurídica, planteamos una revisión histórica de la institución del Tribunal del Jurado desde sus antecedentes remotos hasta la regulación actual reflejada en tres arquetipos: el modelo estadounidense, el modelo francés y el modelo español. Además destacamos algunos hallazgos de la Psicología Jurídica que arrojan luz sobre el funcionamiento de la institución. Asimismo, reflexionamos sobre la situación actual en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico valorando, desde una óptica de propuestas de mejora, algunos puntos débiles en su funcionamiento. En este sentido, apelamos al rol de la educación institucionalizada, como medio privilegiado de culturización del ciudadano y de formación en valores relacionados con la justicia. La escuela se nos antoja como un canal de transmisión de valores y de formación de actitudes.

Current situation of hospital-based endocrinology and clinical nutrition in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Angeles Gálvez Moreno, M

2008-01-01

In 2006, the Healthcare Commission of Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition did a survey in order to know the actual situation of endocrinology and clinical nutrition healthcare in Public Sanitary Systems in Spain. The survey has been more extensive than the last and it has taken up number and geographical distribution of specialists in Spain in addition to data about clinical assistance. The mean of public hospitals with endocrinologist participation has been 50%. Copyright © 2008 Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Comparative study of liberalization process of passengers railway market in Spain and England

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandez Morote, G.; Ortuño Padilla, A.; Fernandez Aracil, P.

2016-07-01

This article provides an overview of the privatization of railway passengers market in Spain through a background to the most relevant cases studies in Europe, particularly the liberalization process in England. The English case study is a paradigmatic example to assess how the liberalization process was developed and its effect in the present. This assessment has been undertaken to analyse the railway franchise structure, ticketing measures, role of national and regional authorities, etc. and possible analogies to be adapted to the case of Spain. Firstly, this article reviews the origin of the privatization of the railway market in both Spain and England, describing every phase of the liberalization and the success of every stage. Secondly, a critical approach assessment exposes those market failures of the liberalization process in England that caused negative impacts on society. In addition, the role of the Government is analysed to measure their implication in order to solve that situation. Furthermore, the paper expounds a wide analysis of the rail ticketing in England, its effects on increased passenger number. Finally, this article proposes some measures to be followed on the privatization of passenger rail market in Spain, as well as some key concepts to guarantee its success as taken from the case studies that have been reviewed. (Author)

Building Friendship Networks and Intercultural Spaces: The Case of Japanese Women in Spain

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Rosalia Avila Tapies

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This study examines the associationism of Japanese women living in Spain who are members of the Tanpopo-no-kai/Sociedad Tanpopo, and their intercultural experiences through their written personal narratives. This associationism has resulted in attempts to create a social network and space for intercultural communication at a national level between Hispanic-Japanese families and Japanese residents in Spain. The research is based on numerical data and narrative data, however Japanese narratives from the quarterly association bulletins provide the main source of information. By using the narrative analysis method in the form of questions we have been able to study the writings in order to explore issues such as: their transcultural experiences, their processes of adapting to life in Spain, the evolution of their identity, their interpretation of the social reality around them and the passing on of their social and cultural heritage to their children, among others. The study of the Tanpopo association has demonstrated a close-knit and relaxed transcultural and female space for intraethnic communication. It reveals a joint strategy of emotional and instrumental support to overcome the isolation, the loss of social networks and the geographical separation from their own cultural region, resulting from the immigration through marriage of Japanese women living in Spain.

Radioactive waste communication policy in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez, V.

1993-01-01

ENRESA (Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos, S.A.), is a State-owned company, founded in 1985 and is responsible for radioactive waste management in Spain. ENRESA's activities are developed following a General Radioactive Waste Plan approved by the Spanish Government. As in most countries, Spanish public opinion is concerned with the most activities related to radioactivity or rad-waste management due to different facts but mainly to a lack of information on the matter. This situation provides misuse of information on it by some politicians, green groups and media which increases distrust of public on responsible companies and institutions. To gain public acceptance, it would be necessary to develop long-term information policy, due to the fact that results in communication are reached in the long term. ENRESA is carrying out a Communication Plan (CP) which has been implemented in a continuous way with success around the area of the disposal site of low and intermediate level wastes as well as around an old uranium mill factory in which remedial actions are being implemented. The implantation of CP at a national level is being done stepwise. The more relevant issues related to the radioactive waste situation in Spain, as well as the communication actions are explained in this document

Spain. Women in the world.

Science.gov (United States)

Galindo, E; Serrano, N

1994-08-01

Spanish women live almost 2 times longer today than did their great grandmothers (60-65 years vs. 35). Contraception is more accessible, resulting in fewer pregnancies and their complications. The National Health Service of Spain provides women and their families medical care. Yet, women's health risks continue. Class, race, and geography result in women having uneven access to medical care. Primary health care services are not a priority as are high- technology hospitals. Women, who already lead a busy life, still care for older people or people with disabilities. Many households have a very limited or no income and depend on welfare benefits or family. There are more women than men who are poor because women, many of whom are single, are raising large families and many live alone. Women are often the victims of violence and of domestic abuse (1993, 86 violent deaths and 200,000 cases of abuse by a partner). Spain has laws that protect women facing divorce and that allow abortion, but men have created the world order. Women suffer daily in a world which does not recognize rape and sexual harassment as war crimes (e.g., former Yugoslavia). In Seville, the Solidarity Network of Women in Black is a pacifist group working to stop violence. They plan on setting up links to publicly denounce and act against all aggression and to institutionalize women's right to full freedom. War is destroying women's lives.

Involuntary outpatient treatment (iot) for severe mental patients: current situation in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Cañete-Nicolás, Carlos; Hernández-Viadel, Miguel; Bellido-Rodríguez, Carmen; Lera-Calatayud, Guillem; Asensio-Pascual, Pedro; Pérez-Prieto, Juan F; Calabuig-Crespo, Roman; Leal-Cercós, Carmen

2012-01-01

Involuntary Outpatient Treatment (IOT) expects to improve treatment compliance and, therefore, prevent the impairment of patients with severe mental illness, as well as the risk for them and others. Besides IOT introduction defenders and opponent's states, scientific literature offers contradictory results. Legislative changes have been taken in the vast majority of our neighbouring countries in order to regulate IOT application. There is no legal regulation in Spain; however, OIT application is possible in certain Spanish cities. This article reviews IOT in Spain and surrounding countries.

Business network and new distribution methods: the spread of franchises in Spain

OpenAIRE

Gámir Orueta, Agustín; Méndez Gutiérrez del Valle, Ricardo

1999-01-01

Summary: Over the last few years, the phenomenon of the franchise as a new way of doing business has been undergoing a notable increase in Spain, with year on year growth rates of around 40%. As a result, Spain’s retail trade is suffering considerable transformations and growing ever closer to a similar profile to that dominant in other countries of the EU. This phenomenon of franchises in Spain, however, goes far beyond a mere modification of business manners, as it can only be correctly und...

Coal mining in Spain: first half year 1986

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1986-01-01

Statistical data from the first half of 1986 on coal mining in Spain. These figures cover anthracite, bituminous coal and lignite both nationally and for the coal-producing regions of Leon, Asturias, Palencia, Teruel and La Coruna. Special attention is paid to absenteeism and its causes.

On a Lecture Trip to Spain: The Scientific Relations between Germany and Spain during the Entente Boycott (1919-1926)

Science.gov (United States)

Presas i Puig, Albert

2008-01-01

The aim of this paper is to analyse the scientific relations between Germany and Spain during the Entente Boycott (1919-1926) and the German academic policy that fostered it. The study of the international relations of German science during the 1920s has been carried out using as a basis the archives of scientific institutions. Personal…

Sustainable Drainage Practices in Spain, Specially Focused on Pervious Pavements

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Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The Spanish climate is full of contrasts, with torrential rains and long droughts; under these conditions, appropriate water management is essential. In Spain, until the end of the twentieth century, water management and legislative development lagged behind other more developed countries. Nowadays, great efforts are being made to reverse this situation and improve both water management and legislation in order to control the two main problems related to stormwater management in cities: floods and diffuse pollution. In this context, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS were developed as the main solution to these problems. The study of these techniques started in the 1970s in the USA, but they were not studied in Spain until 1993 when the University of Cantabria and CLABSA started to look into solutions for stormwater management. After 20 years of research and application, sustainable drainage in Spain is still behind other countries in spite of the efforts to change this situation, notably by the University of Cantabria with 10 years of experience in these techniques, mainly regarding pervious pavements, where more than 13 related research projects have been carried out. The future challenges focus on the application of pervious pavements for Urban Hydrological Rehabilitation.

Administrative Appeals and ADR in Danish Administrative Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Conradsen, Inger Marie; Gøtze, Michael

2014-01-01

Administrative Appeals, review, administrative tribunals, ombudsman, alternative dispute resolution......Administrative Appeals, review, administrative tribunals, ombudsman, alternative dispute resolution...

Childbearing patterns among immigrant women and their daughters in Spain: Over-adaptation or structural constraints

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Amparo González-Ferrer

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Spain, a country with one of the lowest fertility levels in the world, has recently received intense immigration flows that may contribute to fertility recovery. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine whether the childbearing behaviour of immigrant women and their descendants shows a pattern of convergence with that of Spanish women born in or after 1950. Methods: After merging data from the Fertility and Values Survey (2006 and the National Immigrants Survey (2007, we analyse the transition to first, second, and third birth using event history models, to identify variations in timing and incidence of birth transitions between native Spanish women and immigrant groups. Results: Previous literature has found that migration disrupts immigrants' fertility only temporarily; however, in the case of Spain, most migrant women who moved before starting family formation do not seem to fully compensate for migration-related disruption of fertility at a later stage. Our findings challenge the widespread belief that immigrants' childbearing alone will allow Spain to leave behind the current lowest-low and latest-late fertility scenario. Contribution: This article analyzes for the first time the fertility of different immigrant generations in Spain compared to native women, applying event history techniques. Our findings challenge conventional wisdom that immigration will improve very low fertility levels in Spain.

Acid Deposition Maps in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Artinano, B.; Cabal, H.; Garcia, C.

1998-01-01

Animal and monthly deposition velocity and total sulfur deposition maps have been performed for the peninsular Spain for 1992 by using the inferential method. To do this, updated databases with high space and time resolution, for land uses (CORINE) and meteorological information from analysis modelling for the same year, have been utilized. The final result are deposition maps in a 5x5 Km 2 grid which allow to assess the methodology used in Europe to obtain the maps of excedances over the critical loads of pollutants. (Author) 32 refs

The Actual Problems of Modern Spain

OpenAIRE

Natalya E. Anikeeva

2014-01-01

The important aim of national and Spanish historiography and political science is to study history and foreign policy of modern Spain. The author studied articles and monographies of spanish politicians and researchers ( M. Rahoy, I. Aries, A. Rubalcaba, I. Molina) for the preparation of this article during the scientific trip to Madrid (Complutense University, Faculty of Political Science and Sociology), which was held in the framework of cooperation between the Bank Santander and MGIMO (Uni...

Lessons learned from Spain's nuclear program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia Rodriguez, A.

1993-01-01

The commercial nuclear program in Spain dates back to the beginning of the 1960s. There are currently nine units in operation, one more has been decommissioned and a further five are in different phases of construction but under nuclear moratorium since 1983. This article gives a general overview of the program, the criteria applied, what it has meant to and required of the industry and, finally, what lessons have been learned. (author) 2 figs

Evaluating mental health care and policy in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Salvador-Carulla, Luis; Costa-Font, Joan; Cabases, Juan; McDaid, David; Alonso, Jordi

2010-06-01

The reform and expansion of mental health care (MHC) systems is a key health policy target worldwide. Evidence informed policy aims to make use of a wide range of relevant data, taking into account past experience and local culture and context. To discuss the organisation, provision and financing of MHC in Spain visa vis the goals of recent psychiatric reforms. We draw upon existing literature, reports and empirical data from regional and national health plans, as well as European reports pertinent to Spain. In addition we have made use of iterative discussion by an expert panel on the features of Spanish MHC services, namely its history, characteristics and determinants in comparison to reforms in other European health systems. In contrast to most other European health systems, the Spanish case reveals that political regional devolution leads to a greater heterogeneity in MHC systems, with some of the 17 autonomous communities (ACs) or region states that make up the country moving more rapidly to full de-institutionalisation alongside coverage expansion and policy innovation. There remains a lack of specific earmarked budgets for MHC at a time of under-funding. There has been an imbalance in MHC reforms, with more focus on the principles underpinning the process of de-institutionalisation and less on the actual development of alternative community based mental health services. Moreover there has been a lack of monitoring of the reform process. Common to other countries, attempts to develop a more informed evidence policy have been hampered by a dislocation between the production of research evidence and the timing of actual policy reform implementation. Much of the focus of policy attention is on how to improve coordination within and across sectors, tackle socioeconomic inequalities and thus reduce the gap between perceived and observed need while monitoring any trends suggesting trans-institutionalisation. Other issues include developing and strengthening

Acepciones de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Eugenia Soto

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo consiste en determinar las acepciones de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado previstas en la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela de 1999. La metodología utilizada es la investigación documental, sustentada en el método analítico y la técnica del análisis de contenido. Las fuentes para la recolección de información atienden a tres ámbitos: constitucional, doctrinal y jurisprudencial. Se concluye que la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado es un sistema de acepciones entendido como valor superior, principio general del derecho público, deber constitucional del Estado en ejercicio de cualquier función pública, derecho subjetivo público de fuerza, rango o valor constitucional, garantía constitucional perteneciente al particular o administrado,integrante de cualquier sociedad democrática y de justicia, para exigir por vía administrativa o jurisdiccional la indemnización de daños y perjuicios, materiales y morales, causados en su situación jurídica -derecho subjetivo e interés legítimo o interés jurídico actual- o en sus bienes muebles o inmuebles imputables al funcionamiento, normal o anormal, de los entes y órganos del Estado.El Tribunal Supremo de Justicia en Sala Político-Administrativa establece una doctrina jurisprudencial iuspublicista sobre las acepciones de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado. El calificativo iuspublicista obedece a la circunstancia de que la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela de 1999 constituye el instrumento normativo contentivo de las determinadas acepciones o significados.

Patients’ and physicians’ preferences for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatments in Spain and Portugal: a discrete choice experiment

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Morillas C

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Carlos Morillas,1 Rosa Feliciano,2 Pablo Fernández Catalina,3 Carla Ponte,4 Marta Botella,5 João Rodrigues,6 Enric Esmatjes,7 Javier Lafita,8 Luis Lizán,9 Ignacio Llorente,10 Cristóbal Morales,11 Jorge Navarro-Pérez,12 Domingo Orozco-Beltran,13 Silvia Paz,9 Antonio Ramirez de Arellano,14 Cristina Cardoso,15 Maribel Tribaldos Causadias9 1Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; 2USF São Domingos, Santarém, Portugal; 3Hospital Montecelo de Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; 4USF Porta do Sol, Matosinhos, Portugal; 5Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain; 6USF Serra da Lousã, Lousã, Portugal; 7Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; 8Hospital de Navarra, Navarra, Spain; 9Outcomes’10, Universidad Jaume I, Castellón, Spain; 10Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Canarias, Spain; 11Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain; 12INCLIVA, CIBERESP, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 13Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Valencia, Spain; 14Novo Nordisk EU-HEOR Europe, Madrid, Spain; 15Novo Nordisk, Lisbon, Portugal Objective: To assess Spanish and Portuguese patients’ and physicians’ preferences regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM treatments and the monthly willingness to pay (WTP to gain benefits or avoid side effects.Methods: An observational, multicenter, exploratory study focused on routine clinical practice in Spain and Portugal. Physicians were recruited from multiple hospitals and outpatient clinics, while patients were recruited from eleven centers operating in the public health care system in different autonomous communities in Spain and Portugal. Preferences were measured via a discrete choice experiment by rating multiple T2DM medication attributes. Data were analyzed using the conditional logit model.Results: Three-hundred and thirty (n=330 patients (49.7% female; mean age 62.4 [SD: 10.3] years, mean T2DM duration 13.9 [8.2] years, mean body

Arbitrating a fiction: Canadian federalism and the Nova Scotia/Newfoundland and Labrador boundary dispute

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baier, G. [University of British Columbia, Dept. of Political Science, Vancouver, BC(Canada); Groarke, P.

2003-09-30

The dispute between the provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, regarding ownership of natural resources to be found in the offshore area lying between the two provinces is discussed. Constitutionally, ownership of offshore natural resources belongs to the federal government. In this instance, the intention was to share control over development and revenues with the provinces through joint management accords, however, a dispute over offshore boundary arose, which eventually resulted in an arbitration tribunal. This paper analyzes the terms of reference for the tribunal and its findings, and concludes that the tribunal process was flawed. The authors cast doubts on the appropriateness of the tribunal's role, the method by which it reached its decision, and the legality of its findings. They conclude that the tribunal merely cloaks a political decision in legal garb since there are no genuine boundaries between the provinces, and the tribunal process simply apportioned federal resources between two provinces. The authors ultimately conclude that by resorting to the tribunal process the federal minister of natural resources was able to avoid political responsibility for making an unpopular decision by relying on a pseudo-judicial body for technical recommendations, and in so doing undermined the legitimacy of the Canadian federal system by obscuring the already murky lines of accountability of the federal and provincial governments. 57 end notes.

[Beginnings of bariatric and metabolic surgery in Spain].

Science.gov (United States)

Baltasar, Aniceto; Domínguez-Adame, Eduardo

2013-01-01

When bariatric and metabolic surgery initially began in Spain, it was a subject of debate, due to not knowing exactly who were the first surgeons to perform it. A study has revealed the authors of the first interventions. Copyright © 2012 AEC. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

The Slow Reform of Teacher Education in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Morganstern de Finkel, Sara

1991-01-01

After 16 years of transition from dictatorship to democracy, Spain's teacher education system has not changed substantially. The existing model is much criticized, but politics impede the process of change. The proposed new model for preservice training shows little innovation, but some progress is seen in inservice training. (MSE)

Financial Feasibility of Public Bike Rental Systems in Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez-Diaz, A.G.; Sastre, J.; Lopez-Sanchez, A.D.; Cuello, M.; Molina, J.

2016-07-01

In recent years, many public bike rental systems have proliferated in Spain. Unfortunately, many have had to close because of their poor financial feasibility. The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, a benchmarking of the main public bicycle systems in Spain is conducted, analysing the growth in the last decades, with special emphasis on successful systems and on the recently failed. In addition, the financial feasibility of some successful systems in Spain is analysed: Seville, Valencia and Barcelona. Thus, major factors directly related to the viability of such systems are discussed. A proper and correct knowledge of these factors is essential when making decisions in mobility policies. The main factors on which the management company may decide are: pricing policy (annual and weekly rate), advertising rates, and system dimensions (number of docking stations, anchors and bicycles). There are other external factors not directly controlled by the company (subscribers, occupancy rate of advertising space and system maintenance cost) but which are crucial to their feasibility. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, mobility studies in Seville (1400 surveys) and Barcelona (1000 surveys) were conducted in order to achieve more accurate parameter values (time cycling, distances, used rate, frequencies, etc.). Despite the similarities between the systems in Valencia and Seville, they have shown very different profitability. The high profitability in Valencia and Barcelona is highlighted in contrast to the case of the Seville system. (Author)

Men and Women Wage Differences in Spain and Poland

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Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Men and women wage differences is a widely discuss topic in the literature. Some authors point the fact that size of gender wage gap (GPG is not the same across wage distribution. GPG ratio is accelerating at the top of it. Thus, the main goal of presented study is to analyse impact of outliers (top earners on the values of GPG ratio and results of its decomposition. In addition we compare outcomes obtained for Spain and Poland. Elimination outliers from the sample will reduce values of men and women wage gap ratios not only in unadjusted form but in adjusted form as well. Study is based upon the Eurostat’s Structure of Earnings Survey (SES individual data in respect of 2014. In the paper we discuss results of Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (in extension proposed by Oaxaca and Ransom obtained for Spain and Poland. Obtained results indicated two points above all. Firstly, although unadjusted GPG ratios for Spain and Poland differ significantly, the adjusted GPG ratios are at the same level (about 15%. Such situation shows the real men and women wage differences are at the same level in both countries. This is an additional indication that women situation on Polish labour market in similar to the Spanish one. Secondly, after elimination of outliers the values of GPG measures (in adjusted and unadjusted form decreased, as was expected. These falls came to approximately 3 p.p. It can be considered as significant change.

'A Photographic Scramble through Spain': El papel del libro de Charles Clifford en la divulgación de una imagen de España / An image of Spain in Charles Clifford’s book

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Rachel Bullough

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Al fotógrafo británico, Charles Clifford (1819-1863 se le conoce como uno de los pioneros de la fotografía comercial en España. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, poco se sabe sobre el papel que jugó su libro A Photographic Scramble through Spain como complemento a sus fotografías. Este trabajo analiza el uso del libro, no sólo como herramienta comercial, sino en su papel de proyectar la imagen de España que Clifford deseaba mostrar a sus clientes y lectores en el Reino Unido.The British photographer, Charles Clifford (1819-1863 is best known as one of the pioneers of commercial photography in Spain. However, until now, little has been said about the role of his book, A Photographic Scramble through Spain as a complement to his photographs. This study will show how Clifford not only used the book as a commercial instrument but also as a means to convey the image of Spain that he wished to show to his potential buyers and readers in the United Kingdom 

Growth and yield models in Spain: Historical overview, Contemporary Examples and perspectives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bravo, F.; Alvarez-Gonzalez, J. G.; Rio, M. del; Barrio, M.; Bonet, J. a.; Bravo-Oviedo, A.; Calama, R.; Castedo-Dorado, F.; Crecente-Campo, F.; Condes, S.; Dieguez-Aranda, U.; Gonzalez-Martinez, S. C.; Lizarralde, I.; Nanos, N.; Madrigal, A.; Martinez-Millan, F. J.; Montero, G.; Ordonez, C.; Palahi, M.; Pique, M.; Rodriguez, F.; Rodriguez-Soalleiro, R.; Rojo, A.; Ruiz-Peinado, R.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, M.; Trasobares, A.; Vazquez-Pique, J.

2011-07-01

In this paper we present a review of forest models developed in Spain in recent years for both timber and non timber production and forest dynamics (regeneration, mortality,..). Models developed are whole stand, size (diameter) class and individual-tree. The models developed to date have been developed using data from permanent plots, experimental sites and the National Forest Inventory. In this paper we show the different sub-models developed so far and the friendly use software. Main perspectives of forest modelling in Spain are presented. (Author) 107 refs.

Business networks and new distribution methods: the spread of franchises in Spain

OpenAIRE

Gámir, Agustín; Méndez, Ricardo

2011-01-01

Over the last few years, the phenomenon of the franchise as a new way of doing business has seen a notable increase in Spain, with year on year growth rates of around 40%. As a result, Spain’s retail trade is suffering considerable transformations and growing ever closer to a similar profile to that dominant in other countries of the EU. This phenomenon of franchises in Spain, however, goes far beyond a mere modification of business manners, as it can only be correctly understood if it is pla...

[Gender development inequalities epidemiology in Spain (1990-2000)].

Science.gov (United States)

Carrasco-Portiño, Mercedes; Ruiz-Cantero, María Teresa; Gil-González, Diana; Díaz, Carlos Alvarez-Dardet; Torrubiano-Domínguez, Jordi

2008-01-01

Gender is an important health determinant for public health policies. This study describes the changes in gender development inequalities in Spain and its autonomous regions from 1990 to 2000. An ecological study using the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gender Development Index (GDI) was done. IDG both men and women was analysed according to indexes of education, income and life expectancy at birth. Although the GDI has had an increase of 5,05% in the 90 s, 51,5% of the population was located above the global GDI of Spain in 1990, moreover this number decreased to 46,3% in 2000. Gender inequalities have been reduced both at national and regional levels. The regions with the lowest increase were Asturias (3.37%), Cantabria (3.68%) and Baleares Islands (3.71%). The regions with the highest increase were Madrid (6,46%) and Extremadura (6,75%). All the autonomous regions showed a number of GDI lower than the value of HDI. Both sexes achieved similar increase in life expectancy (Men: 5% and Women: 4%). An unequal variation was detected according to the autonomous region (Basque Country; Men: 7% and Women: 3%; Madrid; Men:8% and Women:5%). Women have improved their educational level in comparison to men (Men: 3% and Women: 6%). In the 90 s, men obtained more income than women, but women improved their situation three times more than men. Inequalities in Human Development analysed by gender have been reduced in the 90 s in Spain. However, the improvement of education, income and life expectancy occurred only in some autonomous regions. This situation shows the differences among Spanish autonomous regions.

Vocational training in contemporary Spain: Policies, Agents and Institutions

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Paulí DÁVILA BALSERA

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The vocational training in Spain has reached a late formalization in the educational system. This situation is explained by the economical contexts thatevolve from the agricultural sector to the industrial development of certain zones, which are those who have a better network of vocational schools. In this article three levels of analysis are addressed: the first one, related to the politics and educational legislation, in order to notice the process of formalization; the second one, focused on the relevance of the Church on this sector and, the third one is the role played by the Union Organization during the Franco's regime. In this way, the intervention of the different agents who have contributed to the development of the vocational training in Spain remains clear up to the General Law of Education of 1970.

A Judicialisation of Healthcare Policies in Denmark and Spain?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg; Mayoral, Juan A.

2017-01-01

by the ex-post judicial, administrative and political responses, particularly the national courts’ activation of EU law. By using new data, a compilation of national court cases, quasi-judicial proceedings and research interviews with key respondents, we examine the process of judicialisation in the two......This paper examines the impact of judicialisation on the right to cross-border healthcare in Denmark and Spain, i.e., the national impact of legal integration as spurred by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). We expect the national impact of judicialisation to be conditioned...... member states. The findings demonstrate that the national courts hardly played a role in Denmark and that although the courts were more active in Spain, the rulings remained largely unobserved by the political and administrative elite and the courts were thus unable to push for change. The administrative...

Spain: Marine sciences information activity report for 1999/2000

OpenAIRE

Wulff, Enrique

2002-01-01

This 99/00 marine sciences-relevant activities report is a portrait of research information available within Spain. From the least available electronic information on such subjects as vaccines to a flood of information on thematics like Spanish Antartic research.

Tribute and Calamity in Central New Spain, 1727-1762. The Limits of Fair Taxes

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América Molina del Villar

2004-07-01

Full Text Available This article studies viceroyalty tax policies towards the population of New Spain and examines the legal and moral pact between the viceroy and the  Indians.  The  author analyzes legislation and tensions between the two parties during the Eighteenth-century crises and epidemics. These tensions  turned  into expressions and reactions of nonconformity towards the  payment of tributes considered unfair: Indian demands against authorities, fleeing and fiscal evasion. This work describes and analyzes these actions among  the Indian  populations of central New Spain. Its conclusions help understand not only the system of tax collection from Indians in times of crisis, but also the historical discussion on the moral and legal bases of fair and equal medieval taxes, which later gave place to the New Spain tributes.

Present and Recent Past of High Energy Physics in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrer, A.

2005-01-01

The organization of the research in nuclear and particle physics in Spain is presented. A review of the size of the community, the present spanish groups and the experiments in which they are involved is given. the importance of the CERN installations will be emphasized by reviewing the activities as well as the strong implication of the spanish larger groups in the LHC project. A growing interest in astroparticle physics and neutrino physics is emerging, with a total of 7 experiments with spanish participation. The two laboratories, hosting astroparticle physics experiments, that have their sites in Spain, will be briefly described: Canfranc-an underground facility-and El roque de los muchachos-the canary islands telescope observatory. A final remark on funding will also be given. (Author)

Universal Developmental Screening: Preliminary Studies in Galicia, Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Sarmiento Campos, Jose A.; Squires, Jane; Ponte, Jaime

2011-01-01

"A_Tempo" is a research project that is currently under development in Galicia, an autonomous community of Spain. Its main aim is to propose an effective universal screening procedure for early identification of developmental disorders in children from zero to three years of age who attend Galician pre-primary schools.…

Foreign Policy Aspect of Regional Politics of Spain

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A V Shabaga

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the regional participation of Autonomous Communities of Spain in European upbringing. The history of the process is investigated as well as the main initiatives of the Spanish government towards the integration of Autonomous Communities in the European Union decision making process are analyzed.

Investigation on sea water desalination plants in Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muro, S.; Sterner, R.; Ugarte, J.

1978-01-01

A description of various experimental installations at La Moncloa in Madrid, Spain, are presented. These include multi-flash, vapor compression, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and solar distillation projects. Also described are pilot projects for multi-flash and vapor-compression distillation located in Lanzarote, Canary Islands. Computer programs for these systems are given.

Time use in Spain: is polychronicity a cultural phenomenon?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Adams, S.J.M.; van Eerde, W.

2010-01-01

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure polychronicity in Spain, traditionally typified as having a polychronic culture, characterized by a multifocused working environment. Design/methodology/approach - A sample of 134 executives from 19 organizations in Madrid completed a questionnaire

Gender inequality in job quality. What has happened in Spain during the recession?

OpenAIRE

Ficapal-Cusí, Pilar; Díaz-Chao, Ángel; Torrent Sellens, Joan

2016-01-01

Through a representative sample of 5,381 (3,079 men and 2,302 women) and 4,925 (2,719 men and 2,206 women) employees in 2008 and 2010, and a using two-stage structural equation model, this article empirically analyses the multi-dimensional determinants (direct effects) of gender-related job quality in Spain. The research revealed four main results. First, despite the economic crisis, job quality in Spain had improved over the analysis period. Second, the improvement in job quality during the ...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGULATIONS ON GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN ROMANIA AND SPAIN

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LAVINIA MIHAELA VLADILA

2012-05-01

Full Text Available In this article, I will present the evolution of the regulation of gender based violence in Romania and Spain. This new theme is one of actuality, due to the situations that frequently happen in our social life. Both Romania and Spain have a high level of gender based violence, even if nowadays in our country are few statistics on this matter. But also, both countries now enjoy good legislations, which have been developed in the last 10 years.