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Sample records for transparente facader slutrapport

  1. Light and energy - solar cells in transparent facades. Final report; Lys og energi - solceller i transparente facader. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    2008-07-01

    The overall purpose with the project 'LIGHT AND ENERGY - solar cells in transparent facades' is to demonstrate and disseminate the potentials for the application of light-filtering solar cells as multi-functional components, which meets the architectural objectives while contributing to a good indoor climate, a suitable quality of lighting indoor and at the same time produces electricity. The project was divided into six activities. The first activity 'zooms in' on the light-filtering solar cells on the market today. The following activities gradually 'zoom out' from the solar cell itself to the building component and ends up in the facade and the room behind. This order - which largely reflects the chronological development of the project - is repeated in the final project report to ensure the best possible overview. The characterisation in the different activities has been a combination of technical measurements, simulations, calculations and a thorough architectural evaluation of solar cell component, facade and room for attain an overall, interprofessional evaluation of the solar cell panels. It is important to stress that the basis of the project is the solar cell products available on the market today and In the near future. The possibilities and ideas have been evaluated and documented using mock-ups in 1:1 scale since the individual components have completely other qualities when they are integrated in a facade - the platform of this project. These models in full scale are a possibility to register and experience the character of the light inside out and under different light settings. It has been important to think of the solar cell filter as a part of the architecture instead of a replacement for windows and actively use the light-filtering features as a possibility in new facade designs - a filter which in combination with the completely transparent glass and completely light-blocking materials opens up for new possibilities

  2. Transparent thermal insulation - new developments in the field of building technology?; Transparente Waermedaemmung - neue Trends in der Gebaeudetechnik?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bieler, P.

    1995-12-31

    In chapter 10 of the anthology about building control transparent thermal insulation is described as a possible new trend in the field of building technology. An answer is given to the question to which extent facades can be applied as technical building equipment. Furthermore the passive use of solar energy is discussed and the measuring results of a test cell building are presented. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 10 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control stellt die transparente Waermedaemmung als moeglichen neuen Trend der Gebaeudetechnik vor. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwieweit Fassaden als Technische Gebaeudeausruestung eingesetzt und angesehen werden koennen. Ferner werden die passive Solarenergienutzungen angesprochen und Messergebnisse eines Testzellengebaeudes vorgestellt. (BWI)

  3. Sistemas transparentes para gobiernos electrónicos eficientes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrade Castro, Jesús Alberto

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo hace una reflexión crítica del papel que desempeñan los sistemas transparentes en el gobiernoelectrónico. La misión de los sistemas transparentes computarizados es desarrollar aplicaciones confiables y robustas,con el propósito de sustituir la fiscalización y los controles jurídicos y contables del comportamiento administrativo,por verdaderas evaluaciones que incluyan la participación del ciudadano, en el ejercicio transparente de la accióngubernamental. Teniendo como base la necesidad de tener aplicaciones para gobierno electrónico, el Laboratorio deInvestigación de Tecnologías y Sistemas de Información (LITSI de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad del Zuliadesarrolla aplicaciones de minería de texto, para obtener datos que están envueltos en el metalenguaje de etiquetas(HTML contenido en las páginas WEB. Con el prototipo que hemos desarrollado, se ha hecho un intento por convertirinformación desde documentos tipos texto no estructurados que están en la WEB, en información factible de ser analizaday contrastada con las acciones y políticas públicas. Se pretende así, desarrollar sistemas transparentes eficientescon aplicaciones computarizadas que permitan al ciudadano ejercer el control social de la gestión gubernamental.

  4. Interactive facades analysis and synthesis of semi-regular facades

    KAUST Repository

    AlHalawani, Sawsan; Yang, Yongliang; Liu, Han; Mitra, Niloy J.

    2013-01-01

    Urban facades regularly contain interesting variations due to allowed deformations of repeated elements (e.g., windows in different open or close positions) posing challenges to state-of-the-art facade analysis algorithms. We propose a semi-automatic framework to recover both repetition patterns of the elements and their individual deformation parameters to produce a factored facade representation. Such a representation enables a range of applications including interactive facade images, improved multi-view stereo reconstruction, facade-level change detection, and novel image editing possibilities. © 2013 The Author(s) Computer Graphics Forum © 2013 The Eurographics Association and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  5. Interactive facades analysis and synthesis of semi-regular facades

    KAUST Repository

    AlHalawani, Sawsan

    2013-05-01

    Urban facades regularly contain interesting variations due to allowed deformations of repeated elements (e.g., windows in different open or close positions) posing challenges to state-of-the-art facade analysis algorithms. We propose a semi-automatic framework to recover both repetition patterns of the elements and their individual deformation parameters to produce a factored facade representation. Such a representation enables a range of applications including interactive facade images, improved multi-view stereo reconstruction, facade-level change detection, and novel image editing possibilities. © 2013 The Author(s) Computer Graphics Forum © 2013 The Eurographics Association and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  6. Facade Layout Symmetrization

    KAUST Repository

    Jiang, Haiyong

    2016-04-11

    We present an automatic algorithm for symmetrizing facade layouts. Our method symmetrizes a given facade layout while minimally modifying the original layout. Based on the principles of symmetry in urban design, we formulate the problem of facade layout symmetrization as an optimization problem. Our system further enhances the regularity of the final layout by redistributing and aligning boxes in the layout. We demonstrate that the proposed solution can generate symmetric facade layouts efficiently. © 2015 IEEE.

  7. Facade Layout Symmetrization

    KAUST Repository

    Jiang, Haiyong; Dong, Weiming; Yan, Dongming; Zhang, Xiaopeng

    2016-01-01

    We present an automatic algorithm for symmetrizing facade layouts. Our method symmetrizes a given facade layout while minimally modifying the original layout. Based on the principles of symmetry in urban design, we formulate the problem of facade layout symmetrization as an optimization problem. Our system further enhances the regularity of the final layout by redistributing and aligning boxes in the layout. We demonstrate that the proposed solution can generate symmetric facade layouts efficiently. © 2015 IEEE.

  8. Evolución conceptual de los protocolos de puentes transparentes

    OpenAIRE

    Ibáñez Fernández, Guillermo Agustín; García-Martínez, Alberto; Carral Pelayo, Juan Antonio; Arco Rodríguez, José Manuel; Azcorra, Arturo

    2009-01-01

    Los puentes Ethernet transparentes son un elemento cada vez más importante en las redes de telecomunicaciones. Este artículo ofrece una visión panorámica de la evolución conceptual de los paradigmas de puentes durante las últimas décadas, desde los puentes transparentes con árbol de expansión hasta las propuestas actualmente en estandarización: por una parte Shortest Path Bridges, Provider Bridges y Provider Backbone Bridges en el IEEE 802.1; por otra parte Routing Bridges en el ...

  9. The facade, future of the building; La facade, avenir du batiment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jaques, A.

    2000-07-01

    This article shows the importance that the facade conception will take in the building construction. Currently, the insulation of buildings is such that, in most cases, the heat released by machines, computers, lighting systems, as well as the building occupants is large enough to maintain a pleasant room temperature. Thus, in the future, the facades will manage, in a clever way, the flows of heat, air and light according to the exterior climate and to the human desires, with a high energy efficiency. The facades will become complex multi-function units composed, for example, of glass, solar cells, mechanical opening valves, and so on. The goals are also to reduce the mounting times and the costs. Furthermore, facade manufacturing will use the most ecological materials. For instance, wood is currently under-exploited. The architects will have to recourse to specialists for the facade conception.

  10. Analysis of multi-functional ventilated facades. An European joule project

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Costa, M; Perez Segarra, C.D; A Oliva; Aceves, O; Sen F [Barcelona (Spain)] (and others)

    2000-07-01

    The name Multi-Functional Ventilated Facade (MFVF) has been used in the project as a generic name to refer to a facade characterized by an inner ventilated air layer along with the incorporation of some additional technological elements. The elements here studied have been the following: the use of phase change materials (PCM) in the opaque walls to provide thermal inertia, the use of transparent insulation (TI) to reduce the connective losses in the semi-transparent areas and, finally the incorporation of photovoltaic cells (PV) at the skin of the building to provide electrical power. The flux air developed in the channel provides not only an additional thermal resistance but a heat flux which can be driven outdoors or indoors conveniently according to the buildings energetic load. Different MFVF prototypes adapted to the different European climates have been experimentally tested in cabin test cells under real outdoor conditions and for long time periods. Also, an specific computing code has been adapted to analyze the thermal behavior of this kind of facades. The code has been partially validated with the experimental information provided by the prototypes. Finally, the code is been used to optimize the main design variables of these facades. [Spanish] El nombre de fachadas ventiladas multi-funcionales (MFVF) ha sido usado en el proyecto como un nombre generico para referirse a una fachada caracterizada por una capa interior ventilada con aire juntamente con la incorporacion de algunos elementos tecnologicos adicionales. Los elementos aqui estudiados han sido los siguientes: el uso de materiales de cambio de fase (PCM) en las paredes opacas para proporcionar inercia termica, el uso de aislamiento transparente (TI) para reducir las perdidas conectivas en las areas semitransparentes, y finalmente la incorporacion de celdas fotovoltaica (PV) y el recubrimiento del edificio para proporcionar energia electrica. El flujo del aire desarrollado en el canal proporciona

  11. Symmetrization of Facade Layouts

    KAUST Repository

    Jiang, Haiyong; Yan, Dong-Ming; Dong, Weiming; Wu, Fuzhang; Nan, Liangliang; Zhang, Xiaopeng

    2016-01-01

    We present an automatic approach for symmetrizing urban facade layouts. Our method can generate a symmetric layout through minimally modifying the original input layout. Based on the principles of symmetry in urban design, we formulate facade layout symmetrization as an optimization problem. Our method further enhances the regularity of the final layout by redistributing and aligning elements in the layout. We demonstrate that the proposed solution can effectively generate symmetric facade layouts.

  12. Symmetrization of Facade Layouts

    KAUST Repository

    Jiang, Haiyong

    2016-02-26

    We present an automatic approach for symmetrizing urban facade layouts. Our method can generate a symmetric layout through minimally modifying the original input layout. Based on the principles of symmetry in urban design, we formulate facade layout symmetrization as an optimization problem. Our method further enhances the regularity of the final layout by redistributing and aligning elements in the layout. We demonstrate that the proposed solution can effectively generate symmetric facade layouts.

  13. Procedural facade variations from a single layout

    KAUST Repository

    Bao, Fan

    2013-02-19

    We introduce a framework to generate many variations of a facade design that look similar to a given facade layout. Starting from an input image, the facade is hierarchically segmented and labeled with a collection of manual and automatic tools. The user can then model constraints that should be maintained in any variation of the input facade design. Subsequently, facade variations are generated for different facade sizes, where multiple variations can be produced for a certain size. Computing such new facade variations has many unique challenges, and we propose a new algorithm based on interleaving heuristic search and quadratic programming. In contrast to most previous work, we focus on the generation of new design variations and not on the automatic analysis of the input\\'s structure. Adding a modeling step with the user in the loop ensures that our results routinely are of high quality. © 2013 ACM.

  14. Procedural facade variations from a single layout

    KAUST Repository

    Bao, Fan; Schwarz, Michael; Wonka, Peter

    2013-01-01

    We introduce a framework to generate many variations of a facade design that look similar to a given facade layout. Starting from an input image, the facade is hierarchically segmented and labeled with a collection of manual and automatic tools. The user can then model constraints that should be maintained in any variation of the input facade design. Subsequently, facade variations are generated for different facade sizes, where multiple variations can be produced for a certain size. Computing such new facade variations has many unique challenges, and we propose a new algorithm based on interleaving heuristic search and quadratic programming. In contrast to most previous work, we focus on the generation of new design variations and not on the automatic analysis of the input's structure. Adding a modeling step with the user in the loop ensures that our results routinely are of high quality. © 2013 ACM.

  15. Multifunctional media facades; Multifunktionale Medienfassaden

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ehling, K.; Hackner, M. [Lichtvision GmbH, Berlin (Germany)

    2003-07-01

    Nowadays glass facades characterise the urban appearance. They provide high transparency and make daylighting easily possible. The systems to minimise the negative effects of sunlight can be used for projecting medial contents onto the facade at night. The pictures become visible on the material for sun and glare protection respectively, as the material spreads the light from the projector. Thus there are new possibilities for the effects of architecture at night. The facade dominated by the materials glass, stone and steel at daytime changes via medial projection at night to a shining object. The medial contents come to the fore. The user has always the possibility to adjust these contents, e.g. for Christmas. Also he can show advertisement, logos or art. Media facades allow branding and can improve the image. So the building attracts attention by differing from others. One sample of media facades will be at the Museum for Modern and Contemporary Art in Bozen/Italy. The east and west facade of the building are transparent. Turnable white laminated glass fins allow sun protection and daylighting at daytime. At night they are used as a huge screen by turning the fins to vertical position. Video art is projected by beamers located in the building. (orig.)

  16. FACADES OF RUSSIA: THE STATE OF THE MARKET AND TECHNOLOGIES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aristov Denis Ivanovich

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The outlook of the facades market in its most important segments: translucent facades, hinged ventilated facades, plaster facades with insulation, fire safety of facades, has become the subject of the discussion on The Second Congress of the Facades Market Facades of Russia+ 2015, which took place in September 2015. The Congress was attended by the leading experts of the facades market from sectoral institutions, higher education institutions, oversight bodies, leaders of manufacturers of facade materials and installation companies from different regions of Russia, from the near and far abroad

  17. Functionality of Ventilated Facades: Protection of Insulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Petrichenko Mikhail

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This article discusses about methods of construction of the ventilated facades. The ventilated facade is not only the element of facing, it is the supporting structure. Their main objective - creation of air ventilating space between a facade and an external wall of the building. Moving of air in this gap protects a heater from destruction, interfering with a moisture congestion. In addition, the ventilated facade protect the building from aggressive influence of external environment, have a sound and thermal insulation properties. There are several problems of systems of the ventilated facades connected with an application of a heater. For more effective using it is necessary to minimize contact of a heater with environment.

  18. Greenhouse effect in double-skin facade

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gratia, E.; Herde, A. de [Universite Catholique de Louvain, Architecture et Climat, Louvain-La-Neuve (Belgium)

    2007-02-15

    In these last years, a great deal of interest has been devoted to double-skin facades due to the advantages claimed by this technology (in terms of energy saving in the cold season, high-tech image, protection from external noise and wind loads). One of the great characteristics of the double-skin facade is the greenhouse effect. We identify the factors that influence the greenhouse effect. The identified parameters are solar radiation level, orientation and shading devices use, opaque wall/window proportion of the interior facade, wind speed, colour of shading devices and of interior facade, depth of the cavity of the double-skin, glazing type in the interior facade and openings in the double-skin. We analyze the impact of these parameters on the mean air temperature evolution in the cavity. After that analyse, the article answers the question: is greenhouse effect favourable? The answer is moderate according to the double-skin orientation. (author)

  19. The integral facade; Ein fein abgestimmtes Bausystem. Die Integralfassade

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Enkerli, W.

    2007-07-01

    This illustrated article takes a look at a facade concept that meets all requirements placed on a modern facade concept. Ecological and economical factors integrated into the integral facade concept are discussed. The facade concept, according to the author, unites various functions such as climate and weather protection, sunshading, daylighting, heating, cooling and airing. The construction of the facade system is discussed in detail and further functions such as the support of night-time cooling are looked at, as are the facade's functions in summer and winter operation.

  20. Biocide Runoff from Building Facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bollmann, Ulla E.; Fernández-Calviño, David; Brandt, Kristian K.

    2017-01-01

    Biocides are common additives in building materials. In-can and film preservatives in polymer-resin render and paint, as well as wood preservatives are used to protect facade materials from microbial spoilage. Biocides leach from the facade material with driving rain, leading to highly polluted...

  1. Slutrapport - utökad samordning av landskapsövervakning och uppföljning av Natura 2000

    OpenAIRE

    Ståhl, Göran; Gardfjell, Hans; Glimskär, Anders; Hagner, Åsa; Holm, Sören; Walheim, Mats

    2007-01-01

    I denna kortversion av 2006 års slutrapport från projektet ”utökad samordning av landskaps- övervakning och uppföljning av Natura 2000” redovisas de viktigaste resultaten på ett sätt som gör dem enklare tillgängliga för inriktningsbeslut om ambitionsnivå för uppföljnings- arbetet. Nuvarande målsättning är att Naturamoment införlivas i Nationell Inventering av Landskapet i Sverige (NILS) och Riksinventeringen av Skog (RIS) från och med 2008; under 2009 beräknas kompletteran...

  2. Optimal operation of a south double-skin facade

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gratia, E.; De Herde, A. [Universite Catholique de Louvain (Belgium). Architecture et Climat

    2004-01-01

    There is an increasing demand for higher quality office buildings. Occupants and developers of office buildings ask for a healthy and stimulating working environment. Double-skin facades are appropriate when buildings are subject to great external noise and wind loads. A further area of application is in rehabilitation work, when existing facades cannot be renewed, or where this is not desirable. Double-skin facades have a special esthetic of their own, and this can be exploited architecturally to great advantage. However there are still relatively few buildings in which double-skin facades have actually been realized, and there is still too little experience of their behaviour in operation. In this matter, we choose to study a multi-storey double-skin facades behaviour. Simulations were realized with TAS software on the building proposed in the frame of the subtask A of the Task 27 (performance of solar facade components) of the International Energy Agency. Simulations were performed on the chosen building with and without double-skin facades. We decide to study eight types of days; and we analyze the double-skin facade behaviour for various operations. The thermal behaviours of the building with and without double-skin are compared. The study of these eight cases showed the importance of the dynamic use of the double-skin. The operation of this one must be obligatorily related to the climatic conditions as well external as interior and a bad operation of the double-skin could lead to catastrophic results. (author)

  3. Modeling of facade leaching in urban catchments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coutu, S.; Del Giudice, D.; Rossi, L.; Barry, D. A.

    2012-12-01

    Building facades are protected from microbial attack by incorporation of biocides within them. Flow over facades leaches these biocides and transports them to the urban environment. A parsimonious water quantity/quality model applicable for engineered urban watersheds was developed to compute biocide release from facades and their transport at the urban basin scale. The model couples two lumped submodels applicable at the basin scale, and a local model of biocide leaching at the facade scale. For the facade leaching, an existing model applicable at the individual wall scale was utilized. The two lumped models describe urban hydrodynamics and leachate transport. The integrated model allows prediction of biocide concentrations in urban rivers. It was applied to a 15 km2urban hydrosystem in western Switzerland, the Vuachère river basin, to study three facade biocides (terbutryn, carbendazim, diuron). The water quality simulated by the model matched well most of the pollutographs at the outlet of the Vuachère watershed. The model was then used to estimate possible ecotoxicological impacts of facade leachates. To this end, exceedance probabilities and cumulative pollutant loads from the catchment were estimated. Results showed that the considered biocides rarely exceeded the relevant predicted no-effect concentrations for the riverine system. Despite the heterogeneities and complexity of (engineered) urban catchments, the model application demonstrated that a computationally "light" model can be employed to simulate the hydrograph and pollutograph response within them. It thus allows catchment-scale assessment of the potential ecotoxicological impact of biocides on receiving waters.

  4. Facading in transcultural interactions: examples from pediatric cancer care in Sweden.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pergert, Pernilla

    2017-07-01

    The aims of the study were to generate a grounded theory explaining the latent pattern of behavior in transcultural care interactions in the context of pediatric cancer care and to unify previously performed studies. The basic tenets of classic grounded theory were applied on a theoretical sample of data from previous studies that included 5 focus group interviews with health care professionals (n = 35) and individual interviews with nurses (n = 12) and foreign-born parents (n = 11). Facading emerged as the core category and is the act of showing an outer appearance that will influence other people's interpretations. In transcultural interactions, facading might be misinterpreted related to different obstacles. Examples are given of different facades explored in pediatric cancer care including strength facading. Facading is a strategy aiming to protect oneself and others emotionally in care and includes: emotional facading and facading-sensitive issues. This grounded theory could help make health care professionals aware of different meanings of facading across cultures in health care. Also, awareness is needed of different views on emotional facading and facading-sensitive issues to provide a congruent care. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  5. Overvågning af influenza A virus i svin - Slutrapport 2015

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Krog, Jesper Schak; Hjulsager, Charlotte Kristiane; Larsen, Lars Erik

    Denne rapport beskriver resultaterne af overvågning af influenza i svin i Danmark i 2015 og sammenholder resultaterne med dem fra de foregående år og udenlandske studier. Laboratorieundersøgelser og databehandling er udført på DTU Veterinærinstituttet. Indledende screening af prøver for tilstedev......Denne rapport beskriver resultaterne af overvågning af influenza i svin i Danmark i 2015 og sammenholder resultaterne med dem fra de foregående år og udenlandske studier. Laboratorieundersøgelser og databehandling er udført på DTU Veterinærinstituttet. Indledende screening af prøver...... for tilstedeværelsen af influenza A virus er betalt af indsenderne, mens de øvrige analyser er finansieret af FVST’s overvågningsprogram. Slutrapporten er den endelige opgørelse af analyserede indsendelser for det pågældende år. Der kan være mindre afvigelser mellem slutrapport og kvartalsrapporterne....

  6. Behaviour of green facades in Mediterranean Continental climate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perez, G.; Rincon, L.; Vila, A.; Gonzalez, J.M.; Cabeza, L.F.

    2011-01-01

    In order to obtain data on the behaviour of green facades in buildings as a passive system for energy savings in dry Mediterranean Continental climate a long-term work has been performed. This paper presents the first results of two actions developed during 2009. First, the growth of four different climbing plants as well as their ability to provide shadow was studied. Second, monitoring for a year of a real green facade was carried out. The results confirmed the great capacity of green facades to produce shade, reducing the heat on the facade wall of the building. It was also verified that a microclimate between the wall of the building and the green curtain are created, characterized by slightly lower temperatures and higher relative humidity. This means that the green screen acts as a wind barrier and confirms the evapotranspiration effect of the plants. On the other hand, these results did not allow withdrawing conclusions about the insulation effect of green facades.

  7. Intelligent Glazed Facades for Fulfilment of Future Energy Regulations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Winther, Frederik Vildbrad; Heiselberg, Per; Jensen, Rasmus Lund

    2010-01-01

    This project aims at testing technologies for control of heat transfer, irradiation, mass transport and energy storage in order to investigate the potential of a intelligent dynamic glazed facade. Furthermore a development of algorithms for control of the technologies included in the facade......, for use in the design phase, is done. The methods used are initially based on thermal building calculations. This analysis shows that a dynamic adaptive facade is the only way in which future office buildings can fulfil the energy regulations. By designing the facade according to the usage...

  8. Integrating advanced facades into high performance buildings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Selkowitz, Stephen E.

    2001-01-01

    Glass is a remarkable material but its functionality is significantly enhanced when it is processed or altered to provide added intrinsic capabilities. The overall performance of glass elements in a building can be further enhanced when they are designed to be part of a complete facade system. Finally the facade system delivers the greatest performance to the building owner and occupants when it becomes an essential element of a fully integrated building design. This presentation examines the growing interest in incorporating advanced glazing elements into more comprehensive facade and building systems in a manner that increases comfort, productivity and amenity for occupants, reduces operating costs for building owners, and contributes to improving the health of the planet by reducing overall energy use and negative environmental impacts. We explore the role of glazing systems in dynamic and responsive facades that provide the following functionality: Enhanced sun protection and cooling load control while improving thermal comfort and providing most of the light needed with daylighting; Enhanced air quality and reduced cooling loads using natural ventilation schemes employing the facade as an active air control element; Reduced operating costs by minimizing lighting, cooling and heating energy use by optimizing the daylighting-thermal tradeoffs; Net positive contributions to the energy balance of the building using integrated photovoltaic systems; Improved indoor environments leading to enhanced occupant health, comfort and performance. In addressing these issues facade system solutions must, of course, respect the constraints of latitude, location, solar orientation, acoustics, earthquake and fire safety, etc. Since climate and occupant needs are dynamic variables, in a high performance building the facade solution have the capacity to respond and adapt to these variable exterior conditions and to changing occupant needs. This responsive performance capability

  9. Double Skin Facades for Office Buildings. Literature Review

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Poirazis, Harris

    2004-07-01

    The aim of this report is to describe the concept of Double Skin Facades based on different sources of literature. Although the concept is not new, there is a growing tendency from the architects to put it into practice. Its complexity and adaptability to different climatic conditions increase the need for careful design. Since the construction types can differ from one location to another, it is obvious that the comparison of different literature sources is not always relevant. Since the concept of Double Skin Facades is complicated and its use and function affects different parameters of the building, the literature studied is from different fields. It is clear that the design of the system is crucial for the performance of the building. It is the opinion of the author that the Double Skin Facades can provide both improved indoor climate and reduced use of energy in the same time if designed properly. If the approach is overall and the goals to be achieved are clear, then the mentioned system is flexible enough to meet climatic changes for most types of building use. The classification of the Double Skin Facades is important since the initial approach can influence the design stage. After selecting the type of Double Facade appropriate for the building, it is necessary to define the design and the technical parameters (such as the materials used) that can influence the function and the performance of the system and the physical properties of the cavity. The accuracy of calculations of the facade performance in the design stage will lead to more precise predictions. It is clear that by prioritizing the main goals of the double facade system in different ways, the building design and construction can differ adapting to the performance requirements of the designers, and the needs of the users. The advantages and disadvantages of double skin facades found in different literature sources are mentioned and described. Furthermore, examples of office buildings with

  10. The Application of Biomimicry in Kinetic Facades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wijdan Deyaa Abdul Jalil

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Biomimicry, as a way of thinking to go back to nature for inspiration, has its impact on many contemporary technological achievements. Some of them are used to design and construct kinetic facades in architecture, because of the importance role of facades in reducing sun radiation, that enter the building through using shading systems and components. In light of this, research problem is determined: "Do technologies which are inspired by biomimicry effect shading in kinetic facades through its characteristics in materials and the mechanics. So the research identifies its goal as: "To identify the types of kinetic facades in buildings and their characteristics as materials and shading mechanism associated with the biomimicry. The research explains the basic types of kinetic facades depending on the technology and materials used to provide the possibility of reducing solar radiation that enters the building. It also compares the case studies which have been chosen in their inspiration concept from biological world, which reflect on the system used of protecting against sun and reducing energy consumption as the designer teams suggest. The research concluded that kinetic façade which is depending on smart materials is self-responding and don't need energy to operate, so it is better in reducing consumption of energy.

  11. Facade Proposals for Urban Augmented Reality

    OpenAIRE

    Fond , Antoine; Berger , Marie-Odile; Simon , Gilles

    2017-01-01

    International audience; We introduce a novel object proposals method specific to building facades. We define new image cues that measure typical facadecharacteristics such as semantic, symmetry and repetitions. They are combined to generate a few facade candidates in urban environments fast. We show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art object proposals techniques for this task on the 1000 images of the Zurich Building Database. We demonstrate the interest of this procedure for augment...

  12. Shading Performance on Terraced House Facades in Putrajaya, Malaysia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hassan Ahmad Sanusi

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluates shading performance on house facades of selected three terraced houses in Putrajaya, Malaysia as the case studies. Terraced house type is selected for the case study because it is the most popular house type built in this country to house an increase of the urban population. Its total number built in urban area increases from 27% of the total dwellings in 1980 to 40% in 1990, and to slightly more than 60 per cent in 2000. The Case Study A, B, and C are atypical style of terraced house facade designs built in Putrajaya. These postmodern designs exhibit a range of complex geometric elements blending of colonial and traditional elements with colorful styles on the house facade. In this study, the time at which the sun path perpendicular to the house facade will be used to gain the results of shading performances when the house facades have their maximum exposure to the direct sunlight. The house facade was divided into two main parts which are opaque and glazing surface elements. The amount of shading area on the opaque and glazing surface was simulated using the SunTool program. In conclusion, the Case Study C had the highest average percentage of the shading area, which is 64.43%, followed by the Case Study A 60.41% and Case Study B 56.29%. These results showed that the facade designs had excellent horizontal shading elements with roof overhangs for high angle sunlight but they had weak vertical shading elements due to a lack of considerations of louvered elements to block low angle sunlight.

  13. A hierarchical methodology for urban facade parsing from TLS point clouds

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zhuqiang; Zhang, Liqiang; Mathiopoulos, P. Takis; Liu, Fangyu; Zhang, Liang; Li, Shuaipeng; Liu, Hao

    2017-01-01

    The effective and automated parsing of building facades from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds of urban environments is an important research topic in the GIS and remote sensing fields. It is also challenging because of the complexity and great variety of the available 3D building facade layouts as well as the noise and data missing of the input TLS point clouds. In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology for the accurate and computationally efficient parsing of urban building facades from TLS point clouds. The main novelty of the proposed methodology is that it is a systematic and hierarchical approach that considers, in an adaptive way, the semantic and underlying structures of the urban facades for segmentation and subsequent accurate modeling. Firstly, the available input point cloud is decomposed into depth planes based on a data-driven method; such layer decomposition enables similarity detection in each depth plane layer. Secondly, the labeling of the facade elements is performed using the SVM classifier in combination with our proposed BieS-ScSPM algorithm. The labeling outcome is then augmented with weak architectural knowledge. Thirdly, least-squares fitted normalized gray accumulative curves are applied to detect regular structures, and a binarization dilation extraction algorithm is used to partition facade elements. A dynamic line-by-line division is further applied to extract the boundaries of the elements. The 3D geometrical façade models are then reconstructed by optimizing facade elements across depth plane layers. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed method using several TLS facade datasets. Qualitative and quantitative performance comparisons with several other state-of-the-art methods dealing with the same facade parsing problem have demonstrated its superiority in performance and its effectiveness in improving segmentation accuracy.

  14. Facade Reconstruction with Generalized 2.5d Grids

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Demantke

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Reconstructing fine facade geometry from MMS lidar data remains a challenge: In addition to being inherently sparse, the point cloud provided by a single street point of view is necessarily incomplete. We propose a simple framework to estimate the facade surface with a deformable 2.5d grid. Computations are performed in a "sensor-oriented" coordinate system that maximizes consistency with the data. the algorithm allows to retrieve the facade geometry without priori knowledge. It can thus be automatically applied to a large amount of data in spite of the variability of encountered architectural forms. The 2.5d image structure of the output makes it compatible with storage and real-time constraints of immersive navigation.

  15. A General Evaluation on Double Skin Facades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tuğba İNAN

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available This study examines the literature of double-skin facade systems over the last decade, and, with the help of tables and graphics, investigates their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, a detailed comparison is made between double skin façade systems. The results of the study show that the greatest advantage (95% of double skin facade systems is their provision of natural ventilation. Other advantages are highlighted according to their percentage as follows: An increase in interaction between user and environment because of the high proportion of transparency, support of heat and sound insulation, reduction in heat transmission and solar heat gain coefficient, an increase in thermal comfort, allowance of solar control elements between the two facade spaces, and protection of these elements from external environment conditions. The most commonly accepted disadvantage (72% is overheating in the air space of the two facades. Other disadvantages are highlighted according to their percentage as follows: Problems related to a decrease in the amount of daylight entering the building, high investment costs, additional maintenance and repair costs, fire, and acoustic problems. In our country, architectural design decisions related to overheating must be taken so as to provide a positive contribution to energy performance and the applicability of these systems.

  16. Quantification of ventilated facade efficiency by using computational fluid mechanics techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mora Perez, M.; Lopez Patino, G.; Bengochea Escribano, M. A.; Lopez Jimenez, P. A.

    2011-01-01

    In some countries, summer over-heating is a big problem in a buildings energy balance. Ventilated facades are a useful tool when applied to building design, especially in bio climatic building design. A ventilated facade is a complex, multi-layer structural solution that enables dry installation of the covering elements. The objective of this paper is to quantify the efficiency improvement in the building thermal when this sort of facade is installed. These improvements are due to convection produced in the air gap of the facade. This convection depends on the air movement inside the gap and the heat transmission in this motion. These quantities are mathematically modelled by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques using a commercial code: STAR CCM+. The proposed method allows an assessment of the energy potential of the ventilated facade and its capacity for cooling. (Author) 23 refs.

  17. Development and construction of a thermoelectric active facade module

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marıa Ibanez-Puy

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In order to fulfil the current challenges for the European building sector, building design has diverged into two alternative directions: active technologies and passive design strategies. In the last few years, advanced and responsive building envelope components have represented a promising answer to these challenges. This paper presents the design and construction process of a project that aims to design, build and control the energy performance of an industrial-scale modular active ventilated facade prototype with a new Themoelectric Peltier System (TPS. The TPS is a thermoelectric HVAC heat pump system designed to be located in the building envelope and providing a high comfort level. Trying to optimize the energy performance of the traditional ventilated opaque facade, and make more efficient the energy performance of the TPS, the concept of adaptability has been applied to ventilated opaque facades. The essential research theme is to control the natural phenomena that take place inside the ventilated air cavity of the facade: taking advantage when heat dissipation is needed, and avoiding it when heat losses are not welcome. In order to quantify the previous statements, some facade prototypes are being built in Pamplona (Spain and their energy performance is going to be analyzed during a year.  

  18. APPLICATION OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN FACADE REDESIGN PRESENTATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PEJIĆ Petar

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Augmented Reality (AR is a computer technology where the perception of the user is enhanced by the seamless blending between real environment and computer-generated virtual objects coexisting in the same space. When it comes to a redesign of the existing facades, it is necessary to create a visual presentation of the proposed changes. For this reason, contemporary architectural approach assumes creating a digital 3D model of the newly designed facade. Since the façade redesign is a real world change, the AR can be used for newly designed facade project presentation. In this paper a case study of the AR application for façade redesign presentation of a single family house located in Babušnica (Serbia is presented.

  19. High-performance commercial building facades

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Eleanor; Selkowitz, Stephen; Bazjanac, Vladimir; Inkarojrit, Vorapat; Kohler, Christian

    2002-06-01

    This study focuses on advanced building facades that use daylighting, sun control, ventilation systems, and dynamic systems. A quick perusal of the leading architectural magazines, or a discussion in most architectural firms today will eventually lead to mention of some of the innovative new buildings that are being constructed with all-glass facades. Most of these buildings are appearing in Europe, although interestingly U.S. A/E firms often have a leading role in their design. This ''emerging technology'' of heavily glazed fagades is often associated with buildings whose design goals include energy efficiency, sustainability, and a ''green'' image. While there are a number of new books on the subject with impressive photos and drawings, there is little critical examination of the actual performance of such buildings, and a generally poor understanding as to whether they achieve their performance goals, or even what those goals might be. Even if the building ''works'' it is often dangerous to take a design solution from one climate and location and transport it to a new one without a good causal understanding of how the systems work. In addition, there is a wide range of existing and emerging glazing and fenestration technologies in use in these buildings, many of which break new ground with respect to innovative structural use of glass. It is unclear as to how well many of these designs would work as currently formulated in California locations dominated by intense sunlight and seismic events. Finally, the costs of these systems are higher than normal facades, but claims of energy and productivity savings are used to justify some of them. Once again these claims, while plausible, are largely unsupported. There have been major advances in glazing and facade technology over the past 30 years and we expect to see continued innovation and product development. It is critical in this process to be able to

  20. Integral Facade Construction. Towards a new product architecture for curtain walls

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tillmann Klein

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Curtain wall constructions are one of the most applied facade constructions today. Independently attached to the primary load bearing structure of the building they protect the building’s interior from external climate conditions and allow great design freedom. With continuously rising requirements in terms of energy savings the constructional principle has reached its limits and strategies for improvement are needed. Incrementally evolved over time it is closely related to the architectural design and building processes. Based on literature research and stakeholder interviews the dissertation maps out the traditional and craftsmanship related facade design and construction process currently employed. In a next step, future challenges for facade constructions to cope with a changing market environment are identified. A facade function tree is developed and the theory of product architecture is applied to create a comparative basis for analysing different historical and contemporary facade products and systems. The function tree as well as the analysis clearly show how the fragmented market structures has influenced contemporary facade construction and leads to extremely modular product architectures. Numerous case studies for a new approach are conducted and summarised in several matrices. The case studies show how different modular and integral constructional strategies can respond to the future challenges. The pros and cons of different facade solutions, their potential for innovation and robustness in terms of market conditions are investigated. The dissertation concludes that a greater diversity of fa.ade types with a more integral construction is needed to meet the sometimes conflicting future challenges. If this can be realised, a greater diversity of more integral design and construction processes will evolve simultaneously. The role of the different stakeholders will change and a new way of educating architects or facade specialists

  1. Feature Evaluation for Building Facade Images - AN Empirical Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, M. Y.; Förstner, W.; Chai, D.

    2012-08-01

    The classification of building facade images is a challenging problem that receives a great deal of attention in the photogrammetry community. Image classification is critically dependent on the features. In this paper, we perform an empirical feature evaluation task for building facade images. Feature sets we choose are basic features, color features, histogram features, Peucker features, texture features, and SIFT features. We present an approach for region-wise labeling using an efficient randomized decision forest classifier and local features. We conduct our experiments with building facade image classification on the eTRIMS dataset, where our focus is the object classes building, car, door, pavement, road, sky, vegetation, and window.

  2. STREAMED VERTICAL RECTANGLE DETECTION IN TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANS FOR FACADE DATABASE PRODUCTION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Demantké

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available A reliable and accurate facade database would be a major asset in applications such as localization of autonomous vehicles, registration and fine building modeling. Mobile mapping devices now provide the data required to create such a database, but efficient methods should be designed in order to tackle the enormous amount of data collected by such means (a million point per second for hours of acquisition. Another important limitation is the presence of numerous objects in urban scenes of many different types. This paper proposes a method that overcomes these two issues: – The facade detection algorithm is streamed: the data is processed in the order it was acquired. More precisely, the input data is split into overlapping blocks which are analysed in turn to extract facade parts. Close overlapping parts are then merged in order to recover the full facade rectangle. – The geometry of the neighborhood of each point is analysed to define a probability that the point belongs to a vertical planar patch. This probability is then injected in a RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC algorithm both in the sampling step and in the hypothesis validation, in order to favour the most reliable candidates. This ensures much more robustness against outliers during the facade detection. This way, the main vertical rectangles are detected without any prior knowledge about the data. The only assumptions are that the facades are roughly planar and vertical. The method has been successfully tested on a large dataset in Paris. The facades are detected despite the presence of trees occluding large areas of some facades. The robustness and accuracy of the detected facade rectangles makes them useful for localization applications and for registration of other scans of the same city or of entire city models.

  3. Methodology of CO{sub 2} emission evaluation in the life cycle of office building facades

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Taborianski, Vanessa Montoro; Prado, Racine T.A., E-mail: racine.prado@poli.usp.br

    2012-02-15

    The construction industry is one of the greatest sources of pollution because of the high level of energy consumption during its life cycle. In addition to using energy while constructing a building, several systems also use power while the building is operating, especially the air-conditioning system. Energy consumption for this system is related, among other issues, to external air temperature and the required internal temperature of the building. The facades are elements which present the highest level of ambient heat transfer from the outside to the inside of tall buildings. Thus, the type of facade has an influence on energy consumption during the building life cycle and, consequently, contributes to buildings' CO{sub 2} emissions, because these emissions are directly connected to energy consumption. Therefore, the aim is to help develop a methodology for evaluating CO{sub 2} emissions generated during the life cycle of office building facades. The results, based on the parameters used in this study, show that facades using structural glazing and uncolored glass emit the most CO{sub 2} throughout their life cycle, followed by brick facades covered with compound aluminum panels or ACM (Aluminum Composite Material), facades using structural glazing and reflective glass and brick facades with plaster coating. On the other hand, the typology of facade that emits less CO{sub 2} is brickwork and mortar because its thermal barrier is better than structural glazing facade and materials used to produce this facade are better than brickwork and ACM. Finally, an uncertainty analysis was conducted to verify the accuracy of the results attained. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We develop a methodology for evaluating CO{sub 2} emissions generated during the life cycle of office building facades. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This methodology is based in LCA. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We use an uncertainty analysis to verify the accuracy of the results

  4. Research of the Fire Resistance оf Translucent and Composite Facade System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nedryshkin Oleg

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper aims at researching fire resistance of a prototype facade system “Technocom” (type Alucobond A2. Experimental and theoretical research of fire hazard facade system is carried out. The objectives of the study are to determine compliance with the applicable front of special technical requirements. The status of problem reducing fire hazard facade system is reviewed. The method developed by compensatory measures is applied.

  5. CFD model of air movement in ventilated facade: comparison between natural and forced air flow

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mora Perez, Miguel; Lopez Patino, Gonzalo; Lopez Jimenez, P. Amparo [Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia (Spain)

    2013-07-01

    This study describes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of ventilated facade. Ventilated facades are normal facade but it has an extra channel between the concrete wall and the (double skin) facade. Several studies found in the literature are carried out with CFD simulations about the behavior of the thermodynamic phenomena of the double skin facades systems. These studies conclude that the presence of the air gap in the ventilated facade affects the temperature in the building skin, causing a cooling effect, at least in low-rise buildings. One of the most important factors affecting the thermal effects of ventilated facades is the wind velocity. In this contribution, a CFD analysis applied on two different velocity assumptions for air movement in the air gap of a ventilated facade is presented. A comparison is proposed considering natural wind induced velocity with forced fan induced velocity in the gap. Finally, comparing temperatures in the building skin, the differences between both solutions are described determining that, related to the considered boundary conditions, there is a maximum height in which the thermal effect of the induced flow is significantly observed.

  6. Fire exposed facades: Numerical modelling of the LEPIR2 testing facility

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dréan Virginie

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available LEPIR2 testing facility is aimed to evaluate the fire behaviour of construction solutions implemented on facade according with the experimental evaluation required by the French Technical Specification 249 (IT249 of the safety regulation. It aims to limit the risks of fire spreading by facades to upper levels. This facility involves a wood crib fire in the lower compartment of a full scale two levels high structure. Flames are coming outside from the compartment through windows openings and develop in front of the facade. Computational fluids dynamics simulations are carried out with the FDS code (Fire Dynamics Simulator for two full-scale experiments performed by Efectis France laboratory. The first objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of numerical model to reproduce quantitative results in terms of gas temperatures and heat flux on the tested facade for further evaluation of fire performances of an insulation solution. When experimental results are compared with numerical calculations, good agreement is found out for every quantities and each test. The proposed models for wood cribs and geometry give correct thermal loads and flames shape near the tested facade.

  7. The acoustic performance of double-skin facades: A design support tool for architects

    Science.gov (United States)

    Batungbakal, Aireen

    This study assesses and validates the influence of measuring sound in the urban environment and the influence of glass facade components in reducing sound transmission to the indoor environment. Among the most reported issues affecting workspaces, increased awareness to minimize noise led building designers to reconsider the design of building envelopes and its site environment. Outdoor sound conditions, such as traffic noise, challenge designers to accurately estimate the capability of glass facades in acquiring an appropriate indoor sound quality. Indicating the density of the urban environment, field-tests acquired existing sound levels in areas of high commercial development, employment, and traffic activity, establishing a baseline for sound levels common in urban work areas. Composed from the direct sound transmission loss of glass facades simulated through INSUL, a sound insulation software, data is utilized as an informative tool correlating the response of glass facade components towards existing outdoor sound levels of a project site in order to achieve desired indoor sound levels. This study progresses to link the disconnection in validating the acoustic performance of glass facades early in a project's design, from conditioned settings such as field-testing and simulations to project completion. Results obtained from the study's facade simulations and facade comparison supports that acoustic comfort is not limited to a singular solution, but multiple design options responsive to its environment.

  8. FEATURE EVALUATION FOR BUILDING FACADE IMAGES – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Y. Yang

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The classification of building facade images is a challenging problem that receives a great deal of attention in the photogrammetry community. Image classification is critically dependent on the features. In this paper, we perform an empirical feature evaluation task for building facade images. Feature sets we choose are basic features, color features, histogram features, Peucker features, texture features, and SIFT features. We present an approach for region-wise labeling using an efficient randomized decision forest classifier and local features. We conduct our experiments with building facade image classification on the eTRIMS dataset, where our focus is the object classes building, car, door, pavement, road, sky, vegetation, and window.

  9. Avaliação do filme transparente de poliuretano em queimaduras e áreas doadoras de pele

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria José da Silva

    1990-12-01

    Full Text Available Foram avaliadas pelas autoras a aplicação clínica e técnica de utilização do curativo transparente de poliuretano, num total de cinquenta e cinco pacientes: trinta e três com queimaduras de segundo grau superficiais e vinte e dois submetidos a enxertia de pele. O tempo de permanência dos filmes variou de um a quatorze dias nos dois grupos de pacientes. A utilização do curativo transparente de poliuretano, nestes casos, demonstrou ser uma excelente alternativa, atendendo às necessidades dos pacientes e da equipe médica no que se refere a: ausência de dor, facilidade de aplicação e manuseio, permanência do filme até a completa epitelização dos ferimentos, proteção contra a contaminação, além de proporcionar menor tempo gasto pelo pessoal de enfermagem e redução de custo.

  10. Installation of ventilated facades without scaffolding in high-rise buildings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gnedina, Lyubov; Muchkina, Arina; Labutin, Alexander

    2018-03-01

    This article consider the use of polystyrene concrete blocks during assembling enclosing structure of ventilated facades in high-rise monolithic housing construction. Comparing with traditional technology devices hinged ventilated facade the main advantage of the proposed design is an exception of using scaffold, that leads to a cheapening of the enclosing structure. Proposed solutions are confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.

  11. Beyond information and utility: Transforming public spaces with media facades.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fischer, Patrick Tobias; Zöllner, Christian; Hoffmann, Thilo; Piatza, Sebastian; Hornecker, Eva

    2013-01-01

    Media facades (often characterized as a building's digital skin) are public displays that substitute dynamic details and information for usually static structures. SMSlingshot is a media facade system at the confluence of art, architecture, and technology design in the context of urban human-computer interaction. It represents a participative approach to public displays that enlivens public spaces and fosters civic and social dialogue as an alternative to advertising and service-oriented information displays. Observations from SMSlingshot's implementation at festival exhibitions provide insight into the roles of scale, distance, and the spatial situation of media facade contexts. The lessons learned apply to most public-display situations and will be useful for designers and developers of this new medium in urban spaces.

  12. Moisture Transfer in Ventilated Facade Structures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olshevskyi Vyacheslav

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This article discusses the phenomenon of moisture transfer in the designs of ventilated facades (VF. The main ways of moisture transfer are defined. The negative factors connected with moisture accumulation and excessive moistening of insulation are given. The physical processes occurring in the gap of the building envelope due to saturation of air with water vapor are described. The dependence of the intensity of the mass transfer on the air velocity in the layer is considered. Much attention is paid to the selection of the optimum design of the facade, namely a system with or without grooved lines. The dependence of velocity and temperature on the width of the ventilated gap is established empirically for the constructions with open and closed grooves. Expediency of a design without grooves to effectively remove moisture is determined.

  13. Costless Platform for High Resolution Stereoscopic Images of a High Gothic Facade

    Science.gov (United States)

    Héno, R.; Chandelier, L.; Schelstraete, D.

    2012-07-01

    In October 2011, the PPMD specialized master's degree students (Photogrammetry, Positionning and Deformation Measurement) of the French ENSG (IGN's School of Geomatics, the Ecole Nationale des Sciences Géographiques) were asked to come and survey the main facade of the cathedral of Amiens, which is very complex as far as size and decoration are concerned. Although it was first planned to use a lift truck for the image survey, budget considerations and taste for experimentation led the project to other perspectives: images shot from the ground level with a long focal camera will be combined to complementary images shot from what higher galleries are available on the main facade with a wide angle camera fixed on a horizontal 2.5 meter long pole. This heteroclite image survey is being processed by the PPMD master's degree students during this academic year. Among other type of products, 3D point clouds will be calculated on specific parts of the facade with both sources of images. If the proposed device and methodology to get full image coverage of the main facade happen to be fruitful, the image acquisition phase will be completed later by another team. This article focuses on the production of 3D point clouds with wide angle images on the rose of the main facade.

  14. Effect of facade components on energy efficiency in office buildings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ihara, Takeshi; Gustavsen, Arild; Jelle, Bjørn Petter

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Investigation of facade properties for energy efficiency of Tokyo office buildings. • Higher reflectance for opaque parts may slightly reduce energy demand. • Lower window U-value and solar heat gain coefficient are potential solutions. • Decreased heating due to insulation did not always compensate increased cooling. • Fundamental data for adjustment of facade properties of buildings are provided. - Abstract: Properties of facade materials should be considered to determine which of them strongly affect building energy performance, regardless of the building shapes, scales, ideal locations, and building types, and thus may be able to promote energy efficiency in buildings. In this study, the effects of four fundamental facade properties related to the energy efficiency of office buildings in Tokyo, Japan, were investigated with the purpose of reducing the heating and cooling energy demands. Some fundamental design factors such as volume and shape were also considered. It was found that the reduction in both the solar heat gain coefficient and window U-value and increase in the solar reflectance of the opaque parts are promising measures for reducing the energy demand. Conversely, the reduction in the U-value of the opaque parts decreased the heating energy demand, and this was accompanied by an increase in the cooling energy demand in some cases because the total energy demands were predominantly for cooling. The above-mentioned promising measures for reducing building energy demands are thus recommended for use, and an appropriate U-value should be applied to the opaque parts based on careful considerations. This study provides some fundamental ideas to adjust the facade properties of buildings.

  15. Solar control: A general method for modelling of solar gains through complex facades in building simulation programs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kuhn, Tilmann E.; Herkel, Sebastian [Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg (Germany); Frontini, Francesco [Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg (Germany); Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento BEST, Via Bonardi 9, 20133 Milano (Italy); Strachan, Paul; Kokogiannakis, Georgios [ESRU, Dept. of Mechanical Eng., University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ (United Kingdom)

    2011-01-15

    This paper describes a new general method for building simulation programs which is intended to be used for the modelling of complex facades. The term 'complex facades' is used to designate facades with venetian blinds, prismatic layers, light re-directing surfaces, etc. In all these cases, the facade properties have a complex angular dependence. In addition to this, such facades very often have non-airtight layers and/or imperfect components (e.g. non-ideal sharp edges, non-flat surfaces,..). Therefore building planners often had to neglect some of the innovative features and to use 'work-arounds' in order to approximate the properties of complex facades in building simulation programs. A well-defined methodology for these cases was missing. This paper presents such a general methodology. The main advantage of the new method is that it only uses measureable quantities of the transparent or translucent part of the facade as a whole. This is the main difference in comparison with state of the art modelling based on the characteristics of the individual subcomponents, which is often impossible due to non-existing heat- and/or light-transfer models within the complex facade. It is shown that the new method can significantly increase the accuracy of heating/cooling loads and room temperatures. (author)

  16. Towards a reliable design of facade and roof elements against wind loading

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Geurts, C.P.W.; Staalduinen, P.C. van; Wit, M.S. de

    2004-01-01

    The most vulnerable parts of buildings with respect to wind loading are facades and roofs. Current standards on wind loading provide data to determine design loads for the elements in facades and roofs. These data are available for a limited number of simple building shapes. Up to now there is no

  17. High Performance Building Facade Solutions - PIER Final Project Report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Eleanor; Selkowitz, Stephen

    2009-12-31

    Building facades directly influence heating and cooling loads and indirectly influence lighting loads when daylighting is considered, and are therefore a major determinant of annual energy use and peak electric demand. Facades also significantly influence occupant comfort and satisfaction, making the design optimization challenge more complex than many other building systems.This work focused on addressing significant near-term opportunities to reduce energy use in California commercial building stock by a) targeting voluntary, design-based opportunities derived from the use of better design guidelines and tools, and b) developing and deploying more efficient glazings, shading systems, daylighting systems, facade systems and integrated controls. This two-year project, supported by the California Energy Commission PIER program and the US Department of Energy, initiated a collaborative effort between The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and major stakeholders in the facades industry to develop, evaluate, and accelerate market deployment of emerging, high-performance, integrated facade solutions. The LBNL Windows Testbed Facility acted as the primary catalyst and mediator on both sides of the building industry supply-user business transaction by a) aiding component suppliers to create and optimize cost effective, integrated systems that work, and b) demonstrating and verifying to the owner, designer, and specifier community that these integrated systems reliably deliver required energy performance. An industry consortium was initiated amongst approximately seventy disparate stakeholders, who unlike the HVAC or lighting industry, has no single representative, multi-disciplinary body or organized means of communicating and collaborating. The consortium provided guidance on the project and more importantly, began to mutually work out and agree on the goals, criteria, and pathways needed to attain the ambitious net zero energy goals defined by California and

  18. COSTLESS PLATFORM FOR HIGH RESOLUTION STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES OF A HIGH GOTHIC FACADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Héno

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available In October 2011, the PPMD specialized master's degree students (Photogrammetry, Positionning and Deformation Measurement of the French ENSG (IGN’s School of Geomatics, the Ecole Nationale des Sciences Géographiques were asked to come and survey the main facade of the cathedral of Amiens, which is very complex as far as size and decoration are concerned. Although it was first planned to use a lift truck for the image survey, budget considerations and taste for experimentation led the project to other perspectives: images shot from the ground level with a long focal camera will be combined to complementary images shot from what higher galleries are available on the main facade with a wide angle camera fixed on a horizontal 2.5 meter long pole. This heteroclite image survey is being processed by the PPMD master's degree students during this academic year. Among other type of products, 3D point clouds will be calculated on specific parts of the facade with both sources of images. If the proposed device and methodology to get full image coverage of the main facade happen to be fruitful, the image acquisition phase will be completed later by another team. This article focuses on the production of 3D point clouds with wide angle images on the rose of the main facade.

  19. Wooden facade decor in the aspect of energy saving

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samol'kina Elena Grigor'evna

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available In the world of today, issues of the relationship between society and nature are becoming more relevant. A process of continuous development of industrial and social activities and the negative interference in the environment cause damage to the unique biosphere. The dynamics of destructive processes necessitates conducting activities in accordance with the fundamental laws of nature. One way of solving these problems is to create a harmonious architectural environment that has minimal impact on the environment of the surrounding countryside. An important factor in the process of "sustainable architecture" formation is the use of the building materials, which are safe for humans and the environment. Special role in this aspect is played by wood possessing unquestionable priority in "sustainable architecture". Wood is a renewable natural material with unique properties. Wastelessness, low thermal conductivity, strength, unique texture, ease of processing and other quality wood help to create cozy and comfortable environment. From the perspective of ecological and energy problems the use of wood in architecture has a special role as the most optimal solution to these issues. In Russia construction of energy efficient buildings is at an early stage of development. To date, the power consumption of the existing residential and public buildings in Russia is on average about three times higher than in technically advanced countries of Scandinavia with similar climatic conditions. At the same time the tendency to steady growth of non-renewable energy resources leads to the need to improve the thermal protection of buildings. The problem of thermal protection of buildings in architecture led to widespread use of ventilated facades. Constructive solution is to install the layer of insulation on the exterior walls and to fasten cladding materials to the frame to form an air gap for air circulation. Finishing materials perform architectural function. The

  20. Renovation of the facades of buildings 11, 12, 13 and 14

    CERN Multimedia

    TS/FM Group

    2005-01-01

    Restoration work on the facades of Buildings 11, 12, 13 and 14 will begin on 6 June 2005 and is scheduled to be completed by the end of September. This work consists in replacing the windows of Building 14 and of the eastern facade of Building 13, and in repairing the windows of Buildings 11 and 12 and of the northern facade of Building 13. The concrete parts which have suffered carbonation damage will also be repaired. During this period, parking around these buildings will be restricted for safety reasons and for the requirements of the work site. All people working in these buildings or in their direct vicinity are kindly requested to comply with the signs in place. Thank you in advance for your understanding. TS/FM Group

  1. Renovation of the facades of buildings 11, 12, 13 and 14

    CERN Multimedia

    TS/FM group

    2005-01-01

    Restoration work on the facades of Buildings 11, 12, 13 and 14 will begin on 6 June 2005 and is scheduled to be completed by the end of September. This work consists in replacing the windows of Building 14 and of the eastern facade of Building 13, and in repairing the windows of Buildings 11 and 12 and of the northern facade of Building 13. The concrete parts which have suffered carbonation damage will also be repaired. During this period, parking around these buildings will be restricted for safety reasons and for the requirements of the work site. All people working in these buildings or in their direct vicinity are kindly requested to comply with the signs in place. Thank you in advance for your understanding. Group TS/FM

  2. Diagonally arranged louvers in integrated facade systems - effects on the interior lighting environment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yutaka Misawa

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Building facades play an important role in creating the urban landscape and they can be used effectively to reduce energy usage and environmental impacts, while also incorporating structural seismic-resistant elements in the building perimeter zone. To address these opportunities, the authors propose an integrated facade concept which satisfies architectural facade and environmental design requirements. In Europe, remarkable facade engineering developments have taken place over the last two decades resulting in elegant facades and a reduction in environmental impact; however modifications are needed in Japan to take account of the different seismic and environmental situations. To satisfy these requirements, this paper proposes the use of a diagonally disposed louver system. Diagonally arranged louvers have the potential to provide both seismic resistance and environment adaptation. In many cases, louvers have been designed but not installed due to concerns relating to restricted external sight lines and low levels of natural lighting in the building interior. To overcome these problems, full-scale diagonally arranged louver mock-ups were created to evaluate illumination levels, the quality of the internal daylight environment and external appearance. Interior illumination levels resulting from a series of mock-up experiments were evaluated and correlated with results from a daylight analysis tool.

  3. New facade concepts ranging from statics to dynamics; Neue Fassadenkonzepte. Von der Statik zur Dynamik

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kranz, H.R. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

    1995-12-31

    In chapter 9 of the anthology about building control new facade concepts are presented, including new facade technologies, conductivity of new facade concepts and combination of new technologies. The whole complex ranging from statics to dynamics is explained. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 9 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control stellt neue Fassadenkonzepte vor: Neue Fassadentechnologien, Leitfunktionen neuer Fassadenkonzepte, Kombination neuer Technologien. In diesem Zusammenhang wird der gesamte Komplex von der Statik bis zur Dynamik behandelt. (BWI)

  4. Energy efficient glazed office buildings with double skin facades in Europe

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eriksson, Bo; Blomsterberg, Aake (WSP Environmental (Sweden)). e-mail: bo.eriksson@wspgroup.se

    2009-07-01

    Many modern office buildings have highly glazed facades. Their energy efficiency and indoor climate are, however, being questioned. Therefore more and more of these buildings are being built with double skin facades, which can provide improvements: A project BESTFACADE, with participants from Austria, Germany, Greece, Portugal (France) and Sweden, was therefore funded by the European Commission (IEE) to actively promote well-performing concepts of double skin facades. Included were best practice guidelines, which included the determination of the energy use and thermal comfort by simulations for warm, mild and cold climates. The main conclusion is that the choice of glazing properties such as glazing area, U-value (thermal transmittance) of the glazing and its profiles, g-value (the total solar energy transmittance) of the glazing and type of solar shading are crucial for the energy and indoor climate performance of an office. The choice of control strategies for ventilation of the cavity and operation of solar shading are crucial. The above choices are very dependant on the climate. Choices which are optimal in a cold climate, will not work very well in a warm climate, and vice versa. From an energy and indoor climate point of view a highly glazed office with a double skin facade is often preferred to a single

  5. Accurate facade feature extraction method for buildings from three-dimensional point cloud data considering structural information

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yongzhi; Ma, Yuqing; Zhu, A.-xing; Zhao, Hui; Liao, Lixia

    2018-05-01

    Facade features represent segmentations of building surfaces and can serve as a building framework. Extracting facade features from three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data (3D PCD) is an efficient method for 3D building modeling. By combining the advantages of 3D PCD and two-dimensional optical images, this study describes the creation of a highly accurate building facade feature extraction method from 3D PCD with a focus on structural information. The new extraction method involves three major steps: image feature extraction, exploration of the mapping method between the image features and 3D PCD, and optimization of the initial 3D PCD facade features considering structural information. Results show that the new method can extract the 3D PCD facade features of buildings more accurately and continuously. The new method is validated using a case study. In addition, the effectiveness of the new method is demonstrated by comparing it with the range image-extraction method and the optical image-extraction method in the absence of structural information. The 3D PCD facade features extracted by the new method can be applied in many fields, such as 3D building modeling and building information modeling.

  6. Chimney Effect Assessment of the Double-skin Facade

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    QIU Zhong-zhu; LI Peng; CHOW Tin-tai; REN Jian-xing; WANG Wen-huan

    2009-01-01

    The mathematic model of heat transfer through ventihted double glazing was verified with themeasured data,which were from a test chamber equipped with glass face temperature,solar radiation,ambient temperature,and wind speed measurement facility.Mter the model validation,the double-skin facade assess-ment was carried out through simulation with ESP-r software integrating thermal simulation and air low net work module.The air flow situation in the air gap was analyzed on the basis of the hourly air velocity simulation data within typical winter week,summer week,spring week and autumn week.The differences of chimney ef-fect in different seasons were discussed,and the thermal loads resulted from the ventilated and unventihted dou-ble skin facade were presented.

  7. Biocide Runoff from Building Facades: Degradation Kinetics in Soil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bollmann, Ulla E; Fernández-Calviño, David; Brandt, Kristian K; Storgaard, Morten S; Sanderson, Hans; Bester, Kai

    2017-04-04

    Biocides are common additives in building materials. In-can and film preservatives in polymer-resin render and paint, as well as wood preservatives are used to protect facade materials from microbial spoilage. Biocides leach from the facade material with driving rain, leading to highly polluted runoff water (up to several mg L -1 biocides) being infiltrated into the soil surrounding houses. In the present study the degradation rates in soil of 11 biocides used for the protection of building materials were determined in laboratory microcosms. The results show that some biocides are degraded rapidly in soil (e.g., isothiazolinones: T 1/2 soils; thus, rainfall events control how often new input to the soil occurs. Time intervals between rainfall events in Northern Europe are shorter than degradation half-lives even for many rapidly degraded biocides. Consequently, residues of some biocides are likely to be continuously present due to repeated input and most biocides can be considered as "pseudo-persistent"-contaminants in this context. This was verified by (sub)urban soil screening, where concentrations of up to 0.1 μg g -1 were detected for parent compounds as well as terbutryn degradation products in soils below biocide treated facades.

  8. Nanoparticles in facade coatings: a survey of industrial experts on functional and environmental benefits and challenges

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hincapié, Ingrid; Künniger, Tina; Hischier, Roland; Cervellati, Dario; Nowack, Bernd; Som, Claudia

    2015-01-01

    Integrating engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into facade coatings is expected to offer considerable potential for improved or novel functionality, or even several functionalities at the same time (multifunctional materials). Little information is available about the tangible use of ENPs in facade coatings and the real improvements that their functionalities provide. In order to increase this information, we carried out a survey among selected coating manufacturers and ENP producers in Europe. We asked them about the improved functionalities enabled by ENPs, the quality of nano-enhanced facade coatings in comparison to conventional ones, and the handling of waste. The survey results indicated that the ENPs most frequently used in facade coatings in Europe were silver, titanium dioxide, and silicon dioxide. The most frequently mentioned potential benefits were ultraviolet-protection, water and dirt repellency (easy to clean), and antimicrobial properties. Improving environmental performance through the use of nano-enhanced facade coatings did not appear to be a focus for innovation. The survey also revealed mixed results in the comparison between nano-enhanced and conventional facade coatings: 36 % of respondents saw a notable improvement, 27 % noted a gradual improvement of functionalities, and 37 % detected no improvement over traditional materials. Some respondents mentioned a variety of tests that can be applied to investigate the quality of coating functionalities. These tests could be valuable in helping us to better understand the tangible improvements of nano-enhanced facade coating functionalities. Respondents were uncertain about how to properly handle the wastes resulting from nano-enhanced products

  9. Nanoparticles in facade coatings: a survey of industrial experts on functional and environmental benefits and challenges

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hincapié, Ingrid [EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory (Switzerland); Künniger, Tina [EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory (Switzerland); Hischier, Roland [EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory (Switzerland); Cervellati, Dario [GFC Chimica S.r.l (Italy); Nowack, Bernd; Som, Claudia, E-mail: claudia.som@empa.ch [EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory (Switzerland)

    2015-07-15

    Integrating engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into facade coatings is expected to offer considerable potential for improved or novel functionality, or even several functionalities at the same time (multifunctional materials). Little information is available about the tangible use of ENPs in facade coatings and the real improvements that their functionalities provide. In order to increase this information, we carried out a survey among selected coating manufacturers and ENP producers in Europe. We asked them about the improved functionalities enabled by ENPs, the quality of nano-enhanced facade coatings in comparison to conventional ones, and the handling of waste. The survey results indicated that the ENPs most frequently used in facade coatings in Europe were silver, titanium dioxide, and silicon dioxide. The most frequently mentioned potential benefits were ultraviolet-protection, water and dirt repellency (easy to clean), and antimicrobial properties. Improving environmental performance through the use of nano-enhanced facade coatings did not appear to be a focus for innovation. The survey also revealed mixed results in the comparison between nano-enhanced and conventional facade coatings: 36 % of respondents saw a notable improvement, 27 % noted a gradual improvement of functionalities, and 37 % detected no improvement over traditional materials. Some respondents mentioned a variety of tests that can be applied to investigate the quality of coating functionalities. These tests could be valuable in helping us to better understand the tangible improvements of nano-enhanced facade coating functionalities. Respondents were uncertain about how to properly handle the wastes resulting from nano-enhanced products.

  10. Rainwater runoff from building facades : a review

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Blocken, B.J.E.; Derome, D.; Carmeliet, J.E.

    2013-01-01

    Rainwater runoff from building facades is a complex process governed by a wide range of urban, building, material and meteorological parameters. Given this complexity and the wide range of influencing parameters, it is not surprising that despite research efforts spanning over almost a century,

  11. The effect of building facade reflectivity on urban dwellers in tropics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishak, N. M.; Hien, W. N.; Jenatabadi, H. S.; Ignatius, M.; Yaman, R.

    2018-02-01

    With the rapid growth and use of modern architecture practices for high-rise buildings, highly reflective materials have been adopted extensively for aesthetical reasons. However, outdoor glare from highly reflective facades might cause thermal and visual problems towards the occupants of neighbouring buildings and outdoor dwellers, particularly pedestrians. In tropical countries, this negative impact can be greater due to the higher solar radiation received throughout the year. At the present, there are few building guidelines limiting outdoor glare, or daylight reflectance from a building facade. This study aims to introduce a framework for outdoor glare studies that focus on perceived glare from highly reflective facades by pedestrians in Singapore. The introduced framework includes age, glare time, glare duration, avoidance and sensitiveness. For this study, the survey is carried out with the application of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This paper is helpful for planners, designers, and engineers to estimate the sensitivity of pedestrians’ discomfort glare and towards the creation of sustainable architecture in Singapore.

  12. Daylight and solar control in buildings. General evaluation and optimization of a new angle selective glazing facade

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Frontini, Francesco

    2011-07-01

    Buildings account for almost 40% of the overall energy consumption in Europe. For the future energy scenarios, the building envelope, especially the facades, becomes really important as it provides the necessary area for the installation of PV modules or solar collectors to produce energy, using renewable energy sources. A new multifunctional building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) glazed facade for this application is presented here. The new angle-selective see through facade combines four important tasks in one element: solar control, glare protection, visual contact and electricity generation. Mathematical analysis and complex simulations with the software Radiance are performed to optimize the geometry and to assess the visual impact and optical properties of the new window. In order to evaluate the impact of the new facade in building spaces a new method for modelling the total solar energy transmittance, in building energy simulations software, for complex glazing facades is presented. The new black-box-model (BBM) is implemented into ESP-r software and is validated. The BBM is used to assess the impact of modelling accurately the g-value of complex facade within building simulation. It is shown that the new method can significantly increase the accuracy of heating/cooling loads and room temperatures. (orig.)

  13. Evaluating economic and environmental aspects of using solar panels on multi-angled facades of office buildings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hannoudi, Loay Akram; Lauring, Michael; Christensen, Jørgen Erik

    2017-09-01

    This paper is concerned with using solar panels as high-tech cladding materials on multi-angled facades for office buildings. The energy produced by the solar panels will be consumed inside the office rooms by cooling compressors, ventilation, lighting and office equipment. Each multi-angled facade unit is directed into two different orientations on a vertical axis (right and left), but not tilted up and down. The different facade orientations will optimize the use of solar radiation to produce the needed energy from the solar panels when placing them on the parapets of these facades. In this regard, four scenarios with different facade configurations and orientations are evaluated and discussed. The method for the simulations and calculations depends on two main programs: first, IDA ICE program to calculate the energy consumption and evaluate the indoor climate of the building; and second, PVBAT to calculate the cost of the electricity produced by the solar panels and evaluate the total amount of energy produced from these panels along with the ratio to the energy bought directly from the electricity grid. There is also an environmental evaluation for the system by calculating the CO2 emissions in the different scenarios.

  14. Evaluating Economic and Environmental Aspects of Using Solar Panels on Multi-Angled Facades of Office Buildings

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hannoudi, Loay Akram; Lauring, Gert Michael; Christensen, Jørgen Erik

    2017-01-01

    This paper is concerned with using solar panels as high-tech cladding materials on multi-angled facades for office buildings. The energy produced by the solar panels will be consumed inside the office rooms by cooling compressors, ventilation, lighting and office equipment. Each multi-angled facade...... unit is directed into two different orientations on a vertical axis (right and left), but not tilted up and down. The different facade orientations will optimize the use of solar radiation to produce the needed energy from the solar panels when placing them on the parapets of these facades......, PVBAT to calculate the cost of the electricity produced by the solar panels and evaluate the total amount of energy produced from these panels along with the ratio to the energy bought directly from the electricity grid. There is also an environmental evaluation for the system by calculating the CO2...

  15. Facade repair works on building 376

    CERN Multimedia

    2003-01-01

    ST Division proceeds, since 30th October, an anti-carbonatation treatment of concrete facades of building 376 on the Meyrin site. This work will last for six weeks depending on the weather conditions and will cause some traffic hold ups during this period in Route Fermi. Please follow the indications of the temporary road signs. Thanking you in advance for your comprehension. ST-CE and ST-FM Groups GSM 163976/163183

  16. Automated mapping of building facades by machine learning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Höhle, Joachim

    2014-01-01

    Facades of buildings contain various types of objects which have to be recorded for information systems. The article describes a solution for this task focussing on automated classification by means of machine learning techniques. Stereo pairs of oblique images are used to derive 3D point clouds...

  17. Leaching of biocides from building facades: Upscaling of a local two-region leaching model to the city scale

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coutu, S.; Rota, C.; Rossi, L.; Barry, D. A.

    2011-12-01

    Facades are protected by paints that contain biocides as protection against degradation. These biocides are leached by rainfall (albeit at low concentrations). At the city scale, however, the surface area of building facades is significant, and leached biocides are a potential environmental risk to receiving waters. A city-scale biocide-leaching model was developed based on two main steps. In the first step, laboratory experiments on a single facade were used to calibrate and validate a 1D, two-region phenomenological model of biocide leaching. The same data set was analyzed independently by another research group who found empirically that biocide leachate breakthrough curves were well represented by a sum of two exponentials. Interestingly, the two-region model was found analytically to reproduce this functional form as a special case. The second step in the method is site-specific, and involves upscaling the validated single facade model to a particular city. In this step, (i) GIS-based estimates of facade heights and areas are deduced using the city's cadastral data, (ii) facade flow is estimated using local meteorological data (rainfall, wind direction) and (iii) paint application rates are modeled as a stochastic process based on manufacturers' recommendations. The methodology was applied to Lausanne, Switzerland, a city of about 200,000 inhabitants. Approximately 30% of the annually applied mass of biocides was estimated to be released to the environment.

  18. Facade repair works on building 376

    CERN Multimedia

    2003-01-01

    ST Division will proceed, as from 30th October, an anti-carbonatation treatment of concrete facades of building 376 on the Meyrin site. This work will last for six weeks depending on the weather conditions and will cause some traffic hold ups during this period in Route Fermi. Please follow the indications of the temporary road signs. Thanking you in advance for your comprehension. ST-CE and ST-FM Groups GSM 163976/163183

  19. Facade repair works on building 376

    CERN Multimedia

    2003-01-01

    ST Division will proceed, as from 30th October, an anti-carbonatation treatment of concrete facades of building 376 on the Meyrin site (see map). This work will last for six weeks depending on the weather conditions and will cause some traffic hold ups during this period in Route Fermi. Please follow the indications of the temporary road signs. Thanking you in advance for your comprehension. ST-CE and ST-FM Groups GSM 163976/163183

  20. Double-Skin Facade

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kalyanova, Olena

    favored by companies and their employees. To bring the reduction of energy use in these buildings application of suitable tools and methods is necessary to achieve successful design solutions. Earlier work on the topic of DSF modelling was examined from various publications. As a result, the main...... IEA Annex 34/43, subtask E "Double-Skin Facade". The results of empirical validation are discussed in this work. Discussion and analysis of experimental results is carried out. It has lead to hypothesis of recirculation flow phenomenon in the DSF cavity. Finally, a suggestion of a new numerical model...... is developed to account for recirculation flow appearance in the DSF cavity. The model is based on a simple mass balance between the boundary layer flow and the main flow in the cavity....

  1. Evaluating sustainable architectural solutions such as multi-angled facades in specific urban contexts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hannoudi, Loay Akram; Lauring, Gert Michael; Christensen, Jørgen Erik

    A multi-angled facade system may be defined as the use of two or more different orientations of glazing in each façade. With the appropriate window properties and solar shading control systems such facades may improve the energy efficiency and the indoor climates of buildings. The system potentia...... urban contexts to further the implementation of sustainable solutions in ways that may architecturally improve the local environment....... systems in specific urban contexts and analyses its architectural relations to other surrounding buildings and how this is perceived. A qualitative research/ phenomenological method is applied to provide a deeper understanding of implementing this facade system on an existing building, and to investigate...... specific urban contexts, all in Copenhagen: A dense and traditional part of the city; A dense and modern part; And a less dense area with modern, detached buildings. The aim of the paper is to structure and qualify discussions about and architectural evaluations of the use of multi-angled façades in given...

  2. A New Look at Building Facades as Infrastructure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Doris Sung

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Like the hard surfaces of streets and sidewalks in an urban environment, the vertical and horizontal surface area on the outside of urban buildings contributes to the constant heating of large cities around the world. However, little is done to design this surface to benefit the public sphere. Instead, the facade of a building performs either as a component that focuses only on the quality of comfort for interior occupants, while ignoring effects on the exterior of the building, or as an identifiable aesthetic for the building's owners. This essay proposes the rethinking of the building facade as a steward of outdoor pedestrian welfare, and the conception of public health as an added function of the building envelope−a concept that may fall into the jurisdiction of public works. If the huge total surface area of a city's buildings is thought of as part of the city's infrastructure, then its public contribution may not only make outdoor areas comfortable, clean, and enjoyable, but also help to alleviate the bigger problem of rising temperatures in cities.

  3. Inverse procedural modeling of facade layouts

    KAUST Repository

    Wu, Feng; Yan, Dongming; Dong, Weiming; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Wonka, Peter

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, we address the following research problem: How can we generate a meaningful split grammar that explains a given facade layout? To evaluate if a grammar is meaningful, we propose a cost function based on the description length and minimize this cost using an approximate dynamic programming framework. Our evaluation indicates that our framework extracts meaningful split grammars that are competitive with those of expert users, while some users and all competing automatic solutions are less successful. Copyright © ACM.

  4. Inverse procedural modeling of facade layouts

    KAUST Repository

    Wu, Feng

    2014-07-22

    In this paper, we address the following research problem: How can we generate a meaningful split grammar that explains a given facade layout? To evaluate if a grammar is meaningful, we propose a cost function based on the description length and minimize this cost using an approximate dynamic programming framework. Our evaluation indicates that our framework extracts meaningful split grammars that are competitive with those of expert users, while some users and all competing automatic solutions are less successful. Copyright © ACM.

  5. Bridging the gap between selection decisions of facade systems at the early design phase: Issues, challenges and solutions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamad Kassema

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Building facade has a significant impact on the environmental and economic performance of buildings and projects. The specification of their elements at the early design phase depends on numerous technical, environmental and economic factors and involves several stakeholders. The procurement and delivery of the facade work package from the early design phase, through detailed design and manufacture, to installation is a process with several inherent risk factors due to the involved cost, technical and engineering complexities and its position on the critical path in all projects. This research investigates the process of selection and specification of building facade elements at the early design phases with the overarching aim of identifying the issues affecting specification decisions, their root causes and impact on projects. The research utilizes a mixed research approach which combines a retrospective case study and an industry survey as two research methods that build on each other. The findings suggest that the complexity of specification at the early design phases is exacerbated by factors such as the inadequate technical knowledge of stakeholders involved in the decision making process, the non-involvement of building facade consultants, the late involvement of specialist facade subcontractors, and in a few cases by some commercial exclusivity agreements that restricts specification decisions. 

  6. Numerical study on the thermal performance of a ventilated facade with PCM

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gracia, Alvaro de; Navarro, Lidia; Castell, Albert; Cabeza, Luisa F.

    2013-01-01

    A new type of ventilated facade (VF) with macro-encapsulated phase change material (PCM) in its air cavity is presented in this paper. Two identical house-like cubicles located in Puigverd de Lleida (Spain) were monitored during 2012, and in one of them, the VF with PCM was implemented in the south wall. The versatility of the facade allows the system to reduce both heating and cooling loads. During winter, the PCM increases the heat storage capacity of the system exposed to solar radiation and during summer the system can be used as a cold storage unit or as a night free cooling device. From the experimental winter campaign, important net electrical energy savings were registered due to the use of the VF. On the other hand, no net energy savings were achieved during summer due to excessive use of mechanical ventilation. In this paper, an own developed numerical model, based on finite control volume approach, was validated against experimental data and it is used to select the operational schedule of both solidification and melting processes in order to achieve net electrical energy savings. During the mild summer period the system presents a net energy supply of 2.49 MJ/day. This value would be increased by 61.6% if a wooden structure would have been used instead of the current metallic structure. Moreover, the high hysteresis of the PCM limits strongly the potential of the system in supplying cooling during the severe summer period. -- Highlights: • Numerical study of the thermal performance of a ventilated facade with PCM. • The study considers cooling purposes. • Operational schedule and use of fans during solidification of PCM optimization. • Net energy supply of 2.49 MJ/day during mild summer from the ventilated facade. • Storage efficiency would maximize with more mechanical ventilation during less time

  7. Sustainable building with closed cavity facades. Top energy efficiency and more daylight; Nachhaltig bauen mit Closed Cavity Fassaden. Hoechste Energieeffizienz und mehr Tageslicht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rudolf, Bernhard

    2012-08-15

    Facades have a key function within the sustainable construction since the energy conservation significantly depends on the building envelope. Beside an enhanced energy efficiency, the Green Building shall offer an improved utilization of day-lighting and comfortable indoor climatic conditions. Here, the innovative Closed Cavity Facade new standards. The former 'Poseidon building' in Frankfurt/Main (Federal Republic of Germany) and the multi-storey building of the Roche company in Basel (Switzerland) are equipped with this facade. The energy costs, operational costs as well as the maintenance costs are reduced sustainably using this closed bivalved facade.

  8. The Italian National Guidelines for the fire safety of facades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lamberto Mazziotti

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Traditionally, the facades' design buildings where once only focused on architectural or aesthetic purposes (in addition, of course, of whether protective issues. Nowadays, thanks to the technological development of the construction works and the use of new types of materials, the facades' design should also address fire safety related aspects. In Europe and especially in Italy – where the types of building façades are built with windows of small surface and natural stone coverings – the green building/sustainability movement has resulted in the development of new concepts in facade or curtain wall design that intended to enhance the energy efficiency of building façades. These new building surfaces are covered by extensive panelling fitted with insulating materials or by wide glass surfaces, capable of carry out the most diverse purposes including, just to name a few: energy reduction, climate comfort, recovery of electricity through photovoltaic panels that convert sunlight into electricity, large space for advertising purpose. One of the main fire safety goal for a building design is to restrict the vertical fire spread so that the smoke and flames are limited to the fire origin floor. The new building façade and curtain wall topologies could overwhelms concerns for fire safety, therefore the Italian National fire service has released a Fire Code Guideline in order to address the fire safety design for an high rise building façade. This paper aims to show the guideline contents and the related fire safety façades concerns.

  9. Intelligent Glazed Facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Winther, Frederik Vildbrad

    show that the dynamic façade opposed to the static façade can decrease energy demand for building services by approximately 75 %. The focus is therefore on analyzing the used technologies which concern dynamic U-value, dynamic g-value, thermal energy storage and control strategies for dynamic facades...... through use of thermal building simulation software as well as full-scale experiments. The façade control system, which uses the results from the developed numerical models of the dynamic façade technologies, can lower the energy demand for heating, cooling and lighting as a results of the heat transfer...... across the façade by between 50 % and 88 %. The obtained results from the initial analysis through the developed numerical models to the final analysis show that there are significant energy savings in the design of the dynamic façade. The energy savings need to be further investigated under laboratory...

  10. Projecting of PV facades in consideration of PV-specific operating conditions; Besonderheiten bei der Projektierung von Photovoltaik-Fassadenanlagen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Decker, B.; Grimmig, B.; Mencke, D. [Institut fuer Solarenergieforschung GmbH Hameln/Emmerthal (ISFH), Emmerthal (Germany). Gruppe Photovoltaik-Systeme; Stellbogen, D. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany). Fachgebiet Photovoltaische Anlagentechnik

    1998-02-01

    PV facades can provide several additional functions such as weather protection, thermal insulation, daylighting or sun protection. On the other hand, specific operating conditions for PV facades must be taken into account when selecting components and designing the system. Depending on ventilation conditions, there is a large range of maximum module temperatures. South-oriented PV facades receive about 30% less yearly irradiation than an optimally inclined PV generator, hence reflection losses are approximately 4% higher. The maximum of yearly irradiation lies only in the 400-600 W/m{sup 2} range. Surrounding buildings and/or vegetation can impair performance of the PV-facades. For a south-oriented PV facade an annual yield in the range of 470-560 kwh/kW{sub p}.a has been prodicted which was verified by operating results of eight PV facades. (orig.) [Deutsch] Photovoltaik (PV) Fassaden ermoeglichen neben der Stromerzeugung zusaetzliche Funktionen wie Wetterschutz bzw. Waermedaemmung des Gebaeudes oder Tageslichtnutzung bzw. Sonnenschutz der Innenraeume. Allerdings muessen fassadenspezifische Betriebsbedingungen, bei der Komponentenauswahl und Systemauslegung beruecksichtigt werden. Unterschiedliche Hinterlueftungsbedingungen fuehren zu einer grossen Bandbreite der maximalen Modultemperatur. PV-Suedfassaden empfangen etwa 30% weniger Jahreseinstrahlung als ein optimal geneigter PV-Generator. Die Haelfte der jaehrlichen Einstrahlung trifft mit Einfallswinkeln groesser 50 auf die vertikal angeordneten Module wodurch die Reflexionsverluste um ca. 4% hoeher sind. Das Maximum der Jahreseinstrahlung liegt nur um 400-600 W/m{sup 2} und erreicht selten Werte ueber 800 W/m{sup 2}. Umliegende Gebaeude oder Vegetation koennen zu Teilabschattungen des Generators fuehren. Fuer eine vertikale PV-Suedfassade wird ein Jahresenergieertrag in Hoehe von 470-560 kWh/kW{sub p}.a prognostiziert, der anhand der Betriebsergebnisse von acht PV-Fassadenanlagen verifiziert werden konnte

  11. Assessment of the Use of Venetian Blinds as Solar Thermal Collectors in Double Skin Facades in Mediterranean Climates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abel Velasco

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available The global trend on energy integration and building efficiency is making both researchers and building developers look for technical solutions to use facade surfaces for energy harvesting. In this work, the assessment of the thermal performance of a double-skin facade (DSF with a venetian blind-type of structure used as a solar thermal collector by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD is presented. A Venetian blind collector would allow for heat rejection/energy harvesting and exterior views simultaneously and can be easily integrated into the DSF aesthetical design. For the purposes of this study, the modeled facades (south, west, and east-oriented were set to be located in Barcelona (Spain, where large solar gains are a constant condition throughout the year, and such large semi-transparent envelopes lead to interior over-heating in buildings, even during the winter. For the studied facades, both the reductions in radiative heat gains entering the building and the heat recovery in the Venetian blind collector were evaluated for a yearlong operation.

  12. Global warming implications of facade parameters: A life cycle assessment of residential buildings in Bahrain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Radhi, Hassan, E-mail: h_alradhi@yahoo.com [Global Engineering Bureau, P.O Box 33130, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain (Bahrain); Sharples, Stephen, E-mail: steve.sharples@liverpool.ac.uk [School of Architecture, University of Liverpool (United Kingdom)

    2013-01-15

    On a global scale, the Gulf Corporation Council Countries (GCCC), including Bahrain, are amongst the top countries in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per capita. Building authority in Bahrain has set a target of 40% reduction of electricity consumption and associated CO{sub 2} emissions to be achieved by using facade parameters. This work evaluates how the life cycle CO{sub 2} emissions of buildings are affected by facade parameters. The main focus is placed on direct and indirect CO{sub 2} emissions from three contributors, namely, chemical reactions during production processes (Pco{sub 2}), embodied energy (Eco{sub 2}) and operational energy (OPco{sub 2}). By means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, it has been possible to show that the greatest environmental impact occurs during the operational phase (80-90%). However, embodied CO{sub 2} emissions are an important factor that needs to be brought into the systems used for appraisal of projects, and hence into the design decisions made in developing projects. The assessment shows that masonry blocks are responsible for 70-90% of the total CO{sub 2} emissions of facade construction, mainly due to their physical characteristics. The highest Pco{sub 2} emissions factors are those of window elements, particularly aluminium frames. However, their contribution of CO{sub 2} emissions depends largely on the number and size of windows. Each square metre of glazing is able to increase the total CO{sub 2} emissions by almost 30% when compared with the same areas of opaque walls. The use of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) walls reduces the total life cycle CO{sub 2} emissions by almost 5.2% when compared with ordinary walls, while the use of thermal insulation with concrete wall reduces CO{sub 2} emissions by 1.2%. The outcome of this work offers to the building industry a reliable indicator of the environmental impact of residential facade parameters. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Life cycle

  13. Moisture damage with magnesium oxide boards in Danish facade structures

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rode, Carsten; Bunch-Nielsen, Tommy; Hansen, Kurt Kielsgaard

    2017-01-01

    Magnesium oxide boards have been widely used on facades in Denmark during 2010-2015. However, the magnesium salts absorb humidity from the ambient, and they begin to leak salty water, which is highly corrosive, and leads to moisture and mould problems in wooden members of the structures. Mg...

  14. Performance of PV-Trombe wall in winter correlated with south facade design

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun, Wei; Ji, Jie; Luo, Chenglong; He, Wei

    2011-01-01

    PV-Trombe wall (PVTW) is a novel version of Trombe-wall. Photovoltaic cells on the cover glazing of the PVTW can convert solar radiation into electricity and heat simultaneously. A window on the south facade can also introduce solar heat into the room in the winter season. Experiment has been conducted to study the temperature field of a building with both southern facing window and the PVTW. A dynamic numerical model is developed for the simulation of the whole building system. The temperature of the indoor air is found to be vertically stratified from the measurement. The nodal model is adopted to calculate the temperature profile in the room. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The different south facade designs affect the thermal efficiency of the PVTW significantly from the numerical simulation. With a southern facing window, the thermal efficiency of the PVTW is reduced by 27% relatively. The increase of PV coverage on the glazing can reduce the thermal efficiency of the TW by up to 17%. By taking account of electric conversion, the total efficiency of solar utilization is reduced by 5% at most while the glazing is fully covered with PV cells. The electric conversion efficiency of the PVTW achieves 11.6%, and is slightly affected by south facade designs.

  15. Impact Verification of Aerogel Insulation Paint on Historic Brick Facades

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ganobjak, Michal; Kralova, Eva

    2017-10-01

    Increasing the sustainability of existing buildings is being motivated by reduction of their energy demands. It is the above all the building envelope and its refurbishment by substitution or addition of new materials that makes the opportunity for reduction of energy consumption. A special type of refurbishment is conservation of historical buildings. Preservation of historic buildings permits also application of innovative methods and materials in addition to the original materials if their effects are known and the gained experience ensures their beneficial effect. On the market, there are new materials with addition of silica aerogel in various forms of products. They are also potentially useful in conservation of monuments. However, the effects of aerogel application in these cases are not known. For refurbishment is commercially available additional transparent insulation paint - Nansulate Clear Coat which is containing aerogel and can be used for structured surfaces such as bricks. A series of experiments examined the thermo-physical manifestation of an ultra-thin insulation coating of Nansulate Clear Coat containing silica aerogel on a brick facade. The experiments of active and passive thermography have observed effects of application on the small-scale samples of the brick façade of a protected historical building. Through a series of experiments were measured thermal insulation effect and influence on the aesthetic characteristics such as change in colour and gloss. The treated samples were compared to a reference. Results have shown no thermal-insulating manifestation of the recommended three layers of insulation paint. The three layers recommended by the manufacturer did not significantly affect the appearance of the brick facade. Color and gloss were not significantly changed. Experiments showed the absence of thermal insulation effect of Nansulate transparent triple coating. The thermal insulation effect could likely be reached by more layers of

  16. A method to analyze the potential of solar cells on roofs and facades in the Netherlands

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Van den Haspel, B.; Winter, R.; Corten, F.

    1993-06-01

    The purpose of the study on the title subject is to compile a database in which the surfaces of roofs and facades in the Netherlands can be characterized and calculated in order to analyze the technical potential of photovoltaic systems. The potential can be analyzed by deducting a production-cost curve. The database can be used for national studies, as well as for studies on a provincial level, while data are compiled per province. A brief summary is given of studies in other countries and one study in the Netherlands on the estimation of the potential. An overview is given of the available databases in the Netherlands which can be used in developing the roof and facade surface database. Finally, the method is described by which the most relevant data of surfaces and facades of buildings in the Netherlands can be compiled, put into a database and applied. 3 figs., 3 tabs., 1 appendix, 19 refs

  17. Structure completion for facade layouts

    KAUST Repository

    Fan, Lubin

    2014-11-18

    (Figure Presented) We present a method to complete missing structures in facade layouts. Starting from an abstraction of the partially observed layout as a set of shapes, we can propose one or multiple possible completed layouts. Structure completion with large missing parts is an ill-posed problem. Therefore, we combine two sources of information to derive our solution: the observed shapes and a database of complete layouts. The problem is also very difficult, because shape positions and attributes have to be estimated jointly. Our proposed solution is to break the problem into two components: a statistical model to evaluate layouts and a planning algorithm to generate candidate layouts. This ensures that the completed result is consistent with the observation and the layouts in the database.

  18. Using Lattice Topology Information to Investigate Persistent Scatterers at Facades in Urban Areas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schack, L.; Soergel, U.

    2013-05-01

    Modern spaceborne SAR sensors like TerraSAR-X offer ground resolution of up to one meter in range and azimuth direction. Buildings, roads, bridges, and other man-made structures appear in such data often as regular patterns of strong and temporally stable points (Persistent Scatterer, PS). As one step in the process of unveiling what object structure actually causes the PS (i.e., physical nature) we compare those regular structures in SAR data to their correspondences in optical imagery. We use lattices as a common data representation for visible facades. By exploiting the topology information given by the lattices we can complete gaps in the structures which is one step towards the understanding of the complex scattering characteristics of distinct facade objects.

  19. Rain water runoff from porous building facades : implementation and application of a first-order runoff model coupled to a HAM model

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Brande, T. van den; Blocken, B.J.E.; Roels, S.

    2013-01-01

    Wind-driven rain (WDR) is one of the most important moisture sources for a building facade. Therefore, a reliable prediction of WDR loads is a prerequisite to assess the durability of building facade components. However, current state of the art Heat-Air-Moisture (HAM) models that are used to assess

  20. Impact, absorption and evaporation of raindrops on building facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Abuku, Masaru; Janssen, Hans; Poesen, Jean

    2009-01-01

    . Finally, the experimental and numerical data were used in a more precise three-dimensional simulation of impact, absorption and evaporation of random and discrete wind-driven raindrops. This was compared With the common one-dimensional simulation of absorption and evaporation at the facade considering...... a continuous uniform rain load as boundary condition, and significant differences between the two approaches were observed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....

  1. Global warming implications of facade parameters: A life cycle assessment of residential buildings in Bahrain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radhi, Hassan; Sharples, Stephen

    2013-01-01

    On a global scale, the Gulf Corporation Council Countries (GCCC), including Bahrain, are amongst the top countries in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per capita. Building authority in Bahrain has set a target of 40% reduction of electricity consumption and associated CO 2 emissions to be achieved by using facade parameters. This work evaluates how the life cycle CO 2 emissions of buildings are affected by facade parameters. The main focus is placed on direct and indirect CO 2 emissions from three contributors, namely, chemical reactions during production processes (Pco 2 ), embodied energy (Eco 2 ) and operational energy (OPco 2 ). By means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, it has been possible to show that the greatest environmental impact occurs during the operational phase (80–90%). However, embodied CO 2 emissions are an important factor that needs to be brought into the systems used for appraisal of projects, and hence into the design decisions made in developing projects. The assessment shows that masonry blocks are responsible for 70–90% of the total CO 2 emissions of facade construction, mainly due to their physical characteristics. The highest Pco 2 emissions factors are those of window elements, particularly aluminium frames. However, their contribution of CO 2 emissions depends largely on the number and size of windows. Each square metre of glazing is able to increase the total CO 2 emissions by almost 30% when compared with the same areas of opaque walls. The use of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) walls reduces the total life cycle CO 2 emissions by almost 5.2% when compared with ordinary walls, while the use of thermal insulation with concrete wall reduces CO 2 emissions by 1.2%. The outcome of this work offers to the building industry a reliable indicator of the environmental impact of residential facade parameters. - Highlights: ► Life cycle carbon assessment of façade parameters. ► Greatest environmental impact occurs

  2. Transparent thermal insulation for prefabricated school buildings; Einsatz transparenter Waermedaemmung an Schulgebaeuden in praefabrizierter Bauweise

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Russ, C. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany). Gruppe Solares Bauen; Buchmann, R. [Leipzigprojekt GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Duesterhoeft, A. [Holz- und Leichtmetallbau GmbH, Leipzig (Germany)

    1997-12-31

    The existing schools in the new federal states built from prefabricated elements need to be modernized in order to reduce their energy demand. Fitting some 300 square metres of transparent thermal insulation to the south side of a house front may lead to a cut in its thermal energy demand by 74 per cent. This energy consumption is by 12 kWh per square metre lower than the one obtained with opaque thermal insulation. The results of the first demonstration project are described. (MSK) [Deutsch] Die in den neuen Bundeslaendern vorhandenen Schulen in vorgefertigter Bauweise sind energetisch sanierungsbeduerftig. Werden im Rahmen einer Sanierung ca. 300qm transparente Waermedaemmung an der suedorientierten Fassade eingesetzt, so kann der Heizwaermebedarf um 74% herabgesetzt werden. Das sind 12 kWh/qm weniger als bei dem vergleichsweisen Einsatz einer opaken Waermedaemmung. Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse des ersten Demonstrationsprojekts beschrieben.

  3. Quantification of ventilated facade efficiency by using computational fluid mechanics techniques; Cuantificacion de la eficiencia de la fachada ceramica ventilada mediante tecnicas de la mecanica de fluidos computacional

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mora Perez, M.; Lopez Patino, G.; Bengochea Escribano, M. A.; Lopez Jimenez, P. A.

    2011-07-01

    In some countries, summer over-heating is a big problem in a buildings energy balance. Ventilated facades are a useful tool when applied to building design, especially in bio climatic building design. A ventilated facade is a complex, multi-layer structural solution that enables dry installation of the covering elements. The objective of this paper is to quantify the efficiency improvement in the building thermal when this sort of facade is installed. These improvements are due to convection produced in the air gap of the facade. This convection depends on the air movement inside the gap and the heat transmission in this motion. These quantities are mathematically modelled by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques using a commercial code: STAR CCM+. The proposed method allows an assessment of the energy potential of the ventilated facade and its capacity for cooling. (Author) 23 refs.

  4. Energetic efficient and esthetic. Increasing market segment for an integration of PV modules in building facades; Energetisch effizient und aesthetisch. Steigendes Marktsegment fuer Integration von PV-Modulen in Gebaeudefassaden

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Theiss, Eric

    2012-02-15

    The GIVP facade systems provide a good combination of energy efficient land utilisation with aesthetic demands at the same time. Facade-integrated photovoltaic modules facilitate a power generation and a reduction of CO{sub 2} pollutions. Furthermore, the facade investment partially can be refinanced by the reimbursement under the Renewable Energy Law (EEG).

  5. Coupled structure-from-motion and 3D symmetry detection for urban facades

    KAUST Repository

    Ceylan, Duygu

    2014-01-01

    Repeated structures are ubiquitous in urban facades. Such repetitions lead to ambiguity in establishing correspondences across sets of unordered images. A decoupled structure-from-motion reconstruction followed by symmetry detection often produces errors: outputs are either noisy and incomplete, or even worse, appear to be valid but actually have a wrong number of repeated elements.We present an optimization framework for extracting repeated elements in images of urban facades, while simultaneously calibrating the input images and recovering the 3D scene geometry using a graph-based global analysis. We evaluate the robustness of the proposed scheme on a range of challenging examples containing widespread repetitions and nondistinctive features. These image sets are common but cannot be handled well with state-of-the-art methods. We show that the recovered symmetry information along with the 3D geometry enables a range of novel image editing operations that maintain consistency across the images. © 2014 ACM 0730-0301/2014/01-ART3 15.00.

  6. High-rise build renovation - Colouring a high-rise building's facade; Renovation des Hochhauses Schoppi Spreitenbach. Farbigkeit einer Hochhausfassade

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Enkerli, W.

    2008-07-01

    This illustrated article takes a look at the renovation of the 70-metres high, high-rise apartment building that forms an integral part of a large shopping centre in Spreitenbach, Switzerland. The buildings and their infrastructure, realised in 1970, were in need of renovation. The facade elements no longer met energy requirements and the shopping mall was to be extended to meet modern shopping needs. The article deals with the technical and aesthetic requirements placed on the facades. The colour concept for the venetian blinds integrated into the windows, which includes the use of 20 different shades of colour, is described. A total of 3,200 blinds are fitted. The removal of the old window elements and the fitting of the new facade elements is described and discussed.

  7. Automation of innovative facade systems with integrated technical building equipment under consideration of comfort aspects; Automatisierung innovativer Fassadensysteme mit integrierter technischer Gebaeudeausruestung unter Beruecksichtigung von Behaglichkeitsaspekten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hasert, Anita; Becker, Martin [Hochschule Biberach (Germany). Inst. fuer Gebaeude- und Energiesysteme (IGE)

    2012-07-01

    Facades are not only a shell of the protected habitats and a boundary between the indoor climate and the environment of buildings. Facades also convert from previously passive elements to active building systems which perform various functions of the room conditioning (heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, and so on). The associated increased demands on the system integration into facades require new solutions for the planning, implementation and operation of these innovative systems. Within the intelligent handling of increasing complexity, superior automation strategies have to be developed by means of facade automation. These automation strategies have to match the individual functions with each other, and to ensure a building sector comprehensive functionality. Furthermore, another criterion for the design of integrated facade systems is the consideration of the user's feeling with respect to comfort as well as the user's control and user's acceptance. In line with the research project AUTiFAS (= Automation of innovative facade systems), different automation strategies of the facades and room automation are considered on the basis of metrological investigations and simulation analyses. For this purpose, an innovative facade element with a decentralized ventilation unit and an integrated sunshade had to be integrated into a test room initially. The functionality and the constructional tightness of the total test stand had to be verified and matched to the requirements of the tests. With the objective to develop a standardized description of the control and regulation functions of the building sector comprehensive automation strategies, an automation library was developed based on standard structures and forms of representation using a test facade as an example. The standards DIN EN 15232, IEC 61131 as well as the guidelines VDI 3813 and VDI 3814 provide the fundamentals. The developed automation strategies form the basis for the development of

  8. On the selection of significant variables in a model for the deteriorating process of facades

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serrat, C.; Gibert, V.; Casas, J. R.; Rapinski, J.

    2017-10-01

    In previous works the authors of this paper have introduced a predictive system that uses survival analysis techniques for the study of time-to-failure in the facades of a building stock. The approach is population based, in order to obtain information on the evolution of the stock across time, and to help the manager in the decision making process on global maintenance strategies. For the decision making it is crutial to determine those covariates -like materials, morphology and characteristics of the facade, orientation or environmental conditions- that play a significative role in the progression of different failures. The proposed platform also incorporates an open source GIS plugin that includes survival and test moduli that allow the investigator to model the time until a lesion taking into account the variables collected during the inspection process. The aim of this paper is double: a) to shortly introduce the predictive system, as well as the inspection and the analysis methodologies and b) to introduce and illustrate the modeling strategy for the deteriorating process of an urban front. The illustration will be focused on the city of L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona, Spain) in which more than 14,000 facades have been inspected and analyzed.

  9. Intelligent styring af dynamisk LED belysning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thorseth, Anders; Corell, Dennis Dan; Hansen, Søren Stentoft

    Denne slutrapport giver en kort beskrivelse af arbejdet, der er udført af DTU Fotonik i projektet ”Intelligent styring af dynamisk LED belysning” støttet af EUDP. Arbejdet er udført i perioden 2011‐2012 i samarbejde med Lighten.......Denne slutrapport giver en kort beskrivelse af arbejdet, der er udført af DTU Fotonik i projektet ”Intelligent styring af dynamisk LED belysning” støttet af EUDP. Arbejdet er udført i perioden 2011‐2012 i samarbejde med Lighten....

  10. Moisture Transfer through Facades Covered with Organic Binder Renders

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen DICO

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Year after year we witness the negative effect of water over buildings, caused by direct or indirect actions. This situation is obvious in case of old, historical building, subjected to this aggression for a long period of time, but new buildings are also affected. Moisture in building materials causes not only structural damage, but also reduces the thermal insulation capacity of building components.Materials like plasters or paints have been used historically for a long period of time, fulfilling two basics functions: Decoration and Protection. The most acute demands are made on exterior plasters, as they, besides being an important decorative element for the facade, must perform two different functions simultaneously: protect the substrate against weathering and moisture without sealing, providing it a certain ability to “breathe” (Heilen, 2005. In order to accomplish this aim, the first step is to understand the hygrothermal behavior of coating and substrate and define the fundamental principles of moisture transfer; According to Künzel’s Facade Protection Theory, two material properties play the most important role: Water absorption and Vapor permeability.In the context of recently adoption (2009 of the “harmonized” European standard EN 15824 – „Specifications for external renders and internal plasters based on organic binders”, this paper deals extensively with the interaction of the two mentioned above properties for the coating materials, covered by EN 15824.

  11. Heat loads of transparent construction elements and sun shading systems; Waermelasten transparenter Bauteile und Sonnenschutzsysteme

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Simmler, H; Binder, B; Vonbank, R

    2000-07-01

    This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes a test system installed at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) in Duebendorf, Switzerland, for the investigation of heat gain by glazing elements often used in modern architecture and the efficiency of shading elements. The two climatically controlled test cells for the measurement of the thermal characteristics of facade elements and shading systems are described and the results of measurements made using various types of glazing and shading systems - including external and internal lamellas, blinds and extendible fabric sunshades - are presented. The results are analysed and interpreted in a comprehensive appendix.

  12. Contemporary facades of multistorey residential buildings in Kiev: Videoecological aspect

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kozlova Nataliia

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The article is devoted to one of the actual problems concerning the current state of the facades on apartment buildings in residential districts in Kiev - videoecology. The main purpose of the article is to determine the degree of visual aggressiveness of multistorey residential buildings in Kiev. It also investigates the problem of finding the optimal criteria for creating an ecologically healthy and friendly inhabited environment in the capital city of Ukraine. The modern visual environment in the capital is contaminated, not only because of the increasing numbers of promotional billboards, but also because of the contemporary architecture of high-rise buildings such as office buildings, apartment buildings. Their composition is usually based on a simple description of a rhythm. There are also repetitions of the end parts of buildings in “lowercase” buildings, which are high-rise buildings that alternate with nine or identical apartment groups. It creates a sense of oppressive monotony and leads to psychological and visual fatigue, especially when these repetitions are the only pattern the eye perceives. In the article a theoretical block of ecological-aesthetic criteria is defined, which must be met by the modern architecture facades of multistorey residential houses in Kiev.

  13. Light and energy and architecture. Potentials in transparent solar cells; Lys og energi og arkitektur. Potentialer i transparente solceller

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hansen, Ellen Kathrine; Hilberth, T.R.; Munk, L.

    2008-04-15

    This publication aims to inspire and challenge to: 1) transform energy technology to architectural potentials, 2) introduce visions about daylight's potential into the energy debate, and 3) develop new strategies for interdisciplinary collaboration. In addition to converting solar energy to electricity transparent solar cells can be integrated into glass facades and thereby regulate indoor climate and daylight intake. Furthermore solar cells can contribute new visual dimensions. (BA)

  14. The Home of FIFA in Zurich - Precision in sport and facade; Hauptsitz der FIFA (Home of FIFA), Zuerich. Praezision in Sport und Fassade

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Enkerli, W.

    2007-07-01

    This illustrated article describes the new headquarters of the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA). The headquarters, named 'the home of FIFA', is a zero-emission building complemented by a full-size football field, a training field and a beach-soccer field. Its modern architecture features a hanging glass sheath as part of a double-facade concept. The article takes a look at the concept behind this six-floor building, four of which are actually below ground. Air-conditioning and other building technical services are described and, in particular, details are given on the construction of the building's aluminium and glass facades. Insulation values and the climatic conditions to which the facades are exposed are discussed. Illustrations of constructional details are given.

  15. Production cell implementation in the facade execution: a construction case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Nunes Mariz

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available The construction industry is an environment with much waste. An alternative that could minimize this problem is Lean Thinking, as it focuses on eliminating waste. A widely used tool in lean manufacturing is the production cell, whose main goal is to keep production in continuo flow. In the construction context, the applications of this tool are still incipient, arousing the interest to be further investigated. The aim of this study is to analyze how a production cell was applied in a facade service execution and evaluate this result. We used the case study method in a contractor with experience in facades execution. We collected qualitative data (in situ observations and interviews with employees and quantitative (time and cost data supplied by the contractor. After the data were analyzed (before and after cell implementation Through analysis and literature review we decided to follow those steps: a methods b materials c people d equipments and machines. The results point out improvement in the employee relationship with the administration, increased employee commitment, cost savings with direct labor and increase the pay received by employees. This paper contributes to expanding the use of this tool (production cell in the construction and shows that through this application, many benefits can be achieved.

  16. Sustainable refurbishment of exterior walls and building facades. Final report, Part A - Methods and recommendations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hakkinen, T. (ed.)

    2012-11-01

    This report is the final report of Sustainable refurbishment of building facades and exterior walls (SUSREF). SUSREF project was a collaborative (small/medium size) research project within the 7th Framework Programme of the Commission and it was financed under the theme Environment (including climate change) (Grant agreement no. 226858). The project started in October 1st 2009 and ended in April 30th 2012. The project included 11 partners from five countries. SUSREF developed sustainable concepts and technologies for the refurbishment of building facades and external walls. This report together with SUSREF Final report Part B and SUSREF Final Report Part C introduce the main results of the project. Part A focuses on methodological issues. The descriptions of the concepts and the assessment results of the developed concepts are presented in SUSREF Final report part B (generic concepts) and SUSREF Final report Part C (SME concepts). (orig.)

  17. A framework for designing complex media facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Halskov, Kim; Ebsen, Tobias

    2013-01-01

    Spatial, low-resolution media facades integrated into buildings pose specific design challenges. We provide a conceptual framework for addressing how content for a media façade may be designed taking into account the specific qualities of the display of media façade interfaces: scale, shape, pixel...... configuration, pixel shape, and light quality. We address how these qualities of the interface may be investigated using a repertoire of design tools in different modalities ranging form physical models over mixed reality models to virtual representations. As the main case we present and discuss five design...... tools used in the design of the media façade of a 300 metres long low-resolution curvilinear media façade part of the Danish pavilion at the Expo 2010 in Shanghai....

  18. Fire performance of multi-storey wooden facades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Östman Birgit A.-L.

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Two series of full scale fire tests of wooden facades according to the Swedish test SP Fire 105 are presented, one series for different shares of untreated wood (partial wood and structural fire protection with a fire shield above the window and another series for fire retardant treated, FRT, wood. The results are compared with data from the Single Burning Item test and the cone calorimeter. For FRT wood, the need for verification of the weather durability of the treatment is stressed and a new European technical specification CEN/TS 15912 presented. The need to use fire stops behind multi-storey façade claddings to avoid fire spread in the cavities is underlined and the possibilities of fire safety design with sprinklers is briefly presented.

  19. Release of silver nanoparticles from outdoor facades

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaegi, Ralf; Sinnet, Brian; Zuleeg, Steffen; Hagendorfer, Harald; Mueller, Elisabeth; Vonbank, Roger; Boller, Markus; Burkhardt, Michael

    2010-01-01

    In this study we investigate the release of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) from paints used for outdoor applications. A facade panel mounted on a model house was exposed to ambient weather conditions over a period of one year. The runoff volume of individual rain events was determined and the silver and titanium concentrations of 36 out of 65 runoff events were measured. Selected samples were prepared for electron microscopic analysis. A strong leaching of the Ag-NP was observed during the initial runoff events with a maximum concentration of 145 μ Ag/l. After a period of one year, more than 30% of the Ag-NP were released to the environment. Particles were mostly 2 S. - We provide direct evidence for the release of silver nanoparticles from exterior paints to the aquatic environment.

  20. Arquitectura en territorios informados y transparentes Una wiki en la escuela de arquitectura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Fernández García

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El marco general de nuestra investigación en la universidad son los espacios de convivencia, información y formación que configuran los habitantes en un territorio online. La Web 2.0 nos ha dotado de nuevas herramientas con la que construir espacios. Desde la fundación en agosto de 2006 de CityWiki, indagamos en la arquitectura de estos lugares que se articulan en un espacio común en el que, a falta de jerarquía y policía, la acción en él la define el empoderamiento y la libertad del ciudadano responsable. A modo de laboratorio, desde entonces, embarcamos la actividad investigadora y docente en la actitud 2.0 incluida en la WWW. En la primera parte de este artículo se expone el pensamiento actualizado que empíricamente evoluciona emparejado a la actualidad de nuestras investigaciones. El objetivo es hacer entender el territorio wiki como informado y transparente llamado a añadir capas de información a la realidad para de esta forma no sustituirla sino ampliarla. Seguidamente, en la segunda parte, se describe y analiza la experiencia de innovación llevada a cabo durante el curso 2007/2008 en la que se ensayó un modelo docente instrumentados en los modos y paisajes previamente descritos.

  1. Solar Energy Potential Assessment on Rooftops and Facades in Large Built Environments Based on LiDAR Data, Image Processing, and Cloud Computing. Methodological Background, Application, and Validation in Geneva (Solar Cadaster

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilles Desthieux

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents the core methodology for assessing solar radiation and energy production on building rooftops and vertical facades (still rarely considered of the inner-city. This integrated tool is based on the use of LiDAR, 2D and 3D cadastral data. Together with solar radiation and astronomical models, it calculates the global irradiance for a set of points located on roofs, ground, and facades. Although the tool takes simultaneously roofs, ground, and facades, different methods of shadow casting are applied. Shadow casting on rooftops is based on image processing techniques. On the other hand, the assessment on facade involves first to create and interpolate points along the facades and then to implement a point-by-point shadow casting routine. The paper is structured in five parts: (i state of the art on the use of 3D GIS and automated processes in assessing solar radiation in the built environment, (ii overview on the methodological framework used in the paper, (iii detailed presentation of the method proposed for solar modeling and shadow casting, in particular by introducing an innovative approach for modeling the sky view factor (SVF, (iv demonstration of the solar model introduced in this paper through applications in Geneva’s building roofs (solar cadaster and facades, (v validation of the solar model in some Geneva’s spots, focusing especially on two distinct comparisons: solar model versus fisheye catchments on partially inclined surfaces (roof component; solar model versus photovoltaic simulation tool PVSyst on vertical surfaces (facades. Concerning the roof component, validation results emphasize global sensitivity related to the density of light sources on the sky vault to model the SVF. The low dense sky model with 145 light sources gives satisfying results, especially when processing solar cadasters in large urban areas, thus allowing to save computation time. In the case of building facades, introducing weighting factor

  2. Simulation of wind loads on facades - Out in the wind; Simulation von Windlasten auf Fassaden. Vom Winde umstroemt

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Menti, U.-P.; Pluess, I.

    2007-07-01

    This illustrated article discusses the wind loads experienced by buildings at exposed locations and, in particular, the correct design of their facades. The various numerical methods such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) available for this purpose are introduced and explained. The validation of the models is discussed and the simulation of wind loads on the new revolving restaurant on the Hohe Kasten mountain in eastern Switzerland is looked at. Here winds with speeds of up to 250 km/h from various directions can be expected. Illustrations are provided of the results obtained. Practical results obtained from the simulations such as the design of the building's facades and the correct placing of air vents are presented and discussed.

  3. Facade decoration systems СИСТЕМЫ ФАСАДНОЙ ОТДЕЛКИ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhukova Yekaterina Alexeyevna

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Facade decoration Systems, including fastened insulation, ventilated facades systems, facades with decorative coating, including lacquer coating, translucent systems and architectural facades are considered.Рассмотрены системы фасадной отделки: скрепленной изоляции, системы вентилируемых фасадов, декоративными, в т.ч. лакокрасочными покрытиями; системы светопрозрачных и архитектурных фасадов.

  4. Design of blast-loaded glazing windows and facades: A review of essential requirements towards standardization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Larcher, M.; Arrigoni, M.; Bedon, C.; Doormaal, J.C.A.M. van; Haberacker, C.; Hüsken, G.; Millon, O.; Saarenheimo, A.; Solomos, G.; Thamie, L.; Valsamos, G.; Williams, A.; Stolz, A.

    2016-01-01

    The determination of the blast protection level of laminated glass windows and facades is of crucial importance, and it is normally done by using experimental investigations. In recent years numerical methods have become much more powerful also with respect to this kind of application. This paper

  5. INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS TO TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL INDICATORS IN PROJECT OF HEAT INSULATION FACADES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BABIJ I. N. Cand. Sc. (Tech., Associate Professor,

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Summary. Raising of problem. The article dedicated to the solution important problems of choosing rational technical and economic indicators of the duration and cost the process heat insulation facades of buildings by means of experimental and statistical modeling organizational and technological solutions. For this we used the results of numerical experiment, theory a shorthand experiment planning and contemporary computer programs. Purpose. We used experimentally-statistical modeling to establish the impact of organizational and technological solutions for heat insulation of facades by hinged ventilated systems on technical and economic parameters of the project, such as duration and cost. Conclusion. We investigated depending duration assembly jobs and manufacturing cost on the value and combination of variable factors experimental and statistical modeling of construction processes and results patterns of change in studied parameters.

  6. a Range Based Method for Complex Facade Modeling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adami, A.; Fregonese, L.; Taffurelli, L.

    2011-09-01

    3d modelling of Architectural Heritage does not follow a very well-defined way, but it goes through different algorithms and digital form according to the shape complexity of the object, to the main goal of the representation and to the starting data. Even if the process starts from the same data, such as a pointcloud acquired by laser scanner, there are different possibilities to realize a digital model. In particular we can choose between two different attitudes: the mesh and the solid model. In the first case the complexity of architecture is represented by a dense net of triangular surfaces which approximates the real surface of the object. In the other -opposite- case the 3d digital model can be realized by the use of simple geometrical shapes, by the use of sweeping algorithm and the Boolean operations. Obviously these two models are not the same and each one is characterized by some peculiarities concerning the way of modelling (the choice of a particular triangulation algorithm or the quasi-automatic modelling by known shapes) and the final results (a more detailed and complex mesh versus an approximate and more simple solid model). Usually the expected final representation and the possibility of publishing lead to one way or the other. In this paper we want to suggest a semiautomatic process to build 3d digital models of the facades of complex architecture to be used for example in city models or in other large scale representations. This way of modelling guarantees also to obtain small files to be published on the web or to be transmitted. The modelling procedure starts from laser scanner data which can be processed in the well known way. Usually more than one scan is necessary to describe a complex architecture and to avoid some shadows on the facades. These have to be registered in a single reference system by the use of targets which are surveyed by topography and then to be filtered in order to obtain a well controlled and homogeneous point cloud of

  7. A RANGE BASED METHOD FOR COMPLEX FACADE MODELING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Adami

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available 3d modelling of Architectural Heritage does not follow a very well-defined way, but it goes through different algorithms and digital form according to the shape complexity of the object, to the main goal of the representation and to the starting data. Even if the process starts from the same data, such as a pointcloud acquired by laser scanner, there are different possibilities to realize a digital model. In particular we can choose between two different attitudes: the mesh and the solid model. In the first case the complexity of architecture is represented by a dense net of triangular surfaces which approximates the real surface of the object. In the other -opposite- case the 3d digital model can be realized by the use of simple geometrical shapes, by the use of sweeping algorithm and the Boolean operations. Obviously these two models are not the same and each one is characterized by some peculiarities concerning the way of modelling (the choice of a particular triangulation algorithm or the quasi-automatic modelling by known shapes and the final results (a more detailed and complex mesh versus an approximate and more simple solid model. Usually the expected final representation and the possibility of publishing lead to one way or the other. In this paper we want to suggest a semiautomatic process to build 3d digital models of the facades of complex architecture to be used for example in city models or in other large scale representations. This way of modelling guarantees also to obtain small files to be published on the web or to be transmitted. The modelling procedure starts from laser scanner data which can be processed in the well known way. Usually more than one scan is necessary to describe a complex architecture and to avoid some shadows on the facades. These have to be registered in a single reference system by the use of targets which are surveyed by topography and then to be filtered in order to obtain a well controlled and

  8. Data Set for Emperical Validation of Double Skin Facade Model

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kalyanova, Olena; Jensen, Rasmus Lund; Heiselberg, Per

    2008-01-01

    During the recent years the attention to the double skin facade (DSF) concept has greatly increased. Nevertheless, the application of the concept depends on whether a reliable model for simulation of the DSF performance will be developed or pointed out. This is, however, not possible to do, until...... the International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 34 Annex 43. This paper describes the full-scale outdoor experimental test facility ‘the Cube', where the experiments were conducted, the experimental set-up and the measurements procedure for the data sets. The empirical data is composed for the key-functioning modes...

  9. A set of essential requirements towards standardising the numerical simulation of blast-loaded windows and facades

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Larcher, M.; Stolz, A.; Millon, O.; Bedon, C.; C, K.; Doormaal, J.C.A.M. van; Haberacker, C.; Hüsken, G.; Larcher, M.; Millon, O.; Saarenheimo, A.; Solomos, G.; Stolz, A.; Thamie, L.; Valsamos, G.; Williams, A.

    2015-01-01

    The determination of the blast protection level of laminated glass windows and facades is of crucial importance, and it is normally done by using experimental investigations. In recent years numerical methods have become much more powerful also with respect to this kind of application. This report

  10. Assessing facade value - how clients make business cases in changing real estate markets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra den Heijer

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Relevance: The value of any intervention in the built environment is most relevant for the stakeholders that are investing in it. For them all costs need to be balanced with benefits - not necessarily directly financial, but adding value to the performance of the accommodated organization. Business cases contain performance criteria like competitive advantage (branding the organization, productivity (optimally supporting users of the building, profitability (on organizational level and sustainable development (monitoring the ecological footprint. In the changing real estate markets – from supply-driven to demand-driven and with increasingly higher vacancy rates – priorities in decisions about buildings have been shifting.Purpose: This paper elaborates on how (a the trends in real estate markets and (b changing priorities in decision making affect the quality demand for buildings and their facades.Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on research of the Real Estate Management chair in general (market analysis, transformation trends, conceptual frameworks and more specifically on decisions about university campuses in the past 10 years (14 campuses and 57 buildings assessed.Findings: This paper provides both conceptual frameworks to assess the (added value of interventions in the built environment for the client and their (changing priorities in the brief for buildings and their facades.

  11. Sap flow measurements to determine the transpiration of facade greenings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hölscher, Marie-Therese; Nehls, Thomas; Wessolek, Gerd

    2014-05-01

    Facade greening is expected to make a major contribution to the mitigation of the urban heat-island effect through transpiration cooling, thermal insulation and shading of vertical built structures. However, no studies are available on water demand and the transpiration of urban vertical green. Such knowledge is needed as the plants must be sufficiently watered, otherwise the posited positive effects of vertical green can turn into disadvantages when compared to a white wall. Within the framework of the German Research Group DFG FOR 1736 "Urban Climate and Heat Stress" this study aims to test the practicability of the sap flow technique for transpiration measurements of climbing plants and to obtain potential transpiration rates for the most commonly used species. Using sap flow measurements we determined the transpiration of Fallopia baldschuanica, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Hedera helix in pot experiments (about 1 m high) during the hot summer period from August 17th to August 30th 2012 under indoor conditions. Sap flow measurements corresponded well to simultaneous weight measurement on a daily base (factor 1.19). Fallopia baldschuanica has the highest daily transpiration rate based on leaf area (1.6 mm d-1) and per base area (5.0 mm d-1). Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Hedera helix show transpiration rates of 3.5 and 0.4 mm d-1 (per base area). Through water shortage, transpiration strongly decreased and leaf temperature measured by infrared thermography increased by 1 K compared to a well watered plant. We transferred the technique to outdoor conditions and will present first results for facade greenings in the inner-city of Berlin for the hottest period in summer 2013.

  12. AM Envelope. The potential of Additive Manufacturing for facade constructions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Holger Strauss

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available This dissertation shows the potential of Additive Manufacturing (AM for the development of building envelopes: AM will change the way of designing facades, how we engineer and produce them. To achieve today’s demands from those future envelopes, we have to find new solutions. New technologies offer one possible way to do so. They open new approaches in designing, producing and processing building construction and facades. Finding the one capable of having big impact is difficult – Additive Manufacturing is one possible answer. The term ‘AM Envelope’ (Additive Manufacturing Envelope describes the transfer of this technology to the building envelope. Additive Fabrication is a building block that aids in developing the building envelope from a mere space enclosure to a dynamic building envelope. First beginnings of AM facade construction show up when dealing with relevant aspects like material consumption, mounting or part’s performance. From those starting points several parts of an existing post-and-beam façade system were optimized, aiming toward the implementation of AM into the production chain. Enhancements on all different levels of production were achieved: storing, producing, mounting and performance. AM offers the opportunity to manufacture facades ‘just in time’. It is no longer necessary to store or produce large numbers of parts in advance. Initial investment for tooling can be avoided, as design improvements can be realized within the dataset of the AM part. AM is based on ‘tool-less’ production, all parts can be further developed with every new generation. Producing tool-less also allows for new shapes and functional parts in small batch sizes – down to batch size one. The parts performance can be re-interpreted based on the demands within the system, not based on the limitations of conventional manufacturing. AM offers new ways of materializing the physical part around its function. It leads toward customized

  13. Examination of Deteriogenic Biofilms on Building Facades with Scanning Electron Microscopy / Badanie Deteriogennych Nalotów Biologicznych Na Elewacjach Budynków Metodą Elektronowej Mikroskopii Skaningowej

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Piontek Marlena

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Destruction of facades is a complex process in which technical material changes its properties, and which is caused by depositing biological agents. The examination of biofilms from building facades is difficult because sampling for tests may result in the damage to the structure of the facade’s material. Also biological analysis of the material obtained from a biofilm is arduous. Some species of microorganisms are impossible to be isolated and their pure cultures cannot be cultivated in laboratory conditions. It is multispecies cultures that most frequently develop on the surfaces of the facade’s technical material. Clustered in a group, they cooperate with each other and reveal different features than single cells. It is essential to identify organisms present in the biofilms, since they may initiate deterioration processes. The aim of the research was the observation of the biofilm, collected from two facades, in a micrometer scale with the use of a scanning electron microscope.

  14. The battle of light - solar cells in glass facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lauritzen, Hanne; Hansen, Ellen K.; Bjørn, Eirik

    2009-01-01

    Over the last years, a range of semi-transparent PV panels has appeared on the market. Although these panels inherently produce less energy than their light-blocking counterparts, they are considered an attrac-tive element in low-energy buildings as they can impact on the façade's ability to both...... of the PV panels' light-filtering abilities in a daylight laboratory, ar-chitectural sketches illustrating various façade-compositions with the actual PV panels integrated, a visuali-zation of the most promising sketches by means of mock-ups and finally computer simulations revealing the PV façade's impact...... on the building's net energy consumption. The results and experiences gained in the experimental work are carefully collected and analysed in an in-terdisciplinary context focussing on the full architectural potential of semi-transparent PV panels in glass facades....

  15. Innovative facades with photovoltaics; Innovative Fassaden mit Photovoltaik

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eicker, U. [Hochschule fuer Technik, Stuttgart (Germany)

    1999-10-01

    Having grown at a rate of 15% since the middle of the 1980s the photovoltaic market today commands an annual module production of more than 100 MW{sub p}. In Germany altogether 10,000 PV systems with a total power output of 10 MW{sub p} were newly installed in 1997 alone. In 1990 the market was boosted by the heavily subsidised 1000 roofs programme, under which in the end more than 2,000 systems were installed on the roofs of mostly one-family houses. With power ratings ranging from 1 to 5 kW these decentral plants require roof surface areas between 10 and 50 m-2. On average they generate 800 kWh of electricity per kW of installed power. According to a number of studies carried out in the early 1990s the total surface area on buildings available for photovoltaics amounts to an enormous potential of 1,000 km-2, which is equivalent to an electricity generating potential of 130 TWh (100 TWh on roofs and 30 TWh on facades), or 25% of Germany`s total electricity demand. The degree to which this potential will be realised in the long term will notably depend on whether convincing architectural solutions are found for integrating photovoltaic plants in roofs and facades. [Deutsch] Der Photovoltaikmarkt waechst weltweit seit Mitte der 80er Jahre um durchschnittlich 15% und liegt heute bei einer Jahresmodulproduktion ueber 100 MW{sub p}. In Deutschland wurden alleine 1997 etwa 10.000 PV-Systeme mit einer Gesamtleistung von 10 MW{sub p} installiert. Die Marktentwicklung wurde 1990 mit dem stark subventionierten 1000-Daecher Programm angestossen, in welchem schliesslich mehr als 2000 Systeme meist auf Daechern von Einfamilienhaeusern installiert wurden. Diese dezentralen Anlagen mit Leistungen zwischen 1 und 5 kW erfordern Dachflaechen zwischen 10 und 50 m{sup 2} und erzeugen im Schnitt 800 kWh Strom pro kW installierter Leistung. Das verfuegbare Flaechenpotential von Gebaeuden wurde Anfang der 90er Jahre in einer Reihe von Studien ermittelt und stellt mit etwa 1000 km{sup 2

  16. Intelligent Facades for High Performance Green Buildings. Final Technical Report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dyson, Anna [Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)

    2017-03-01

    Intelligent Facades for High Performance Green Buildings: Previous research and development of intelligent facades systems has been limited in their contribution towards national goals for achieving on-site net zero buildings, because this R&D has failed to couple the many qualitative requirements of building envelopes such as the provision of daylighting, access to exterior views, satisfying aesthetic and cultural characteristics, with the quantitative metrics of energy harvesting, storage and redistribution. To achieve energy self-sufficiency from on-site solar resources, building envelopes can and must address this gamut of concerns simultaneously. With this project, we have undertaken a high-performance building- integrated combined-heat and power concentrating photovoltaic system with high temperature thermal capture, storage and transport towards multiple applications (BICPV/T). The critical contribution we are offering with the Integrated Concentrating Solar Façade (ICSF) is conceived to improve daylighting quality for improved health of occupants and mitigate solar heat gain while maximally capturing and transferring on- site solar energy. The ICSF accomplishes this multi-functionality by intercepting only the direct-normal component of solar energy (which is responsible for elevated cooling loads) thereby transforming a previously problematic source of energy into a high- quality resource that can be applied to building demands such as heating, cooling, dehumidification, domestic hot water, and possible further augmentation of electrical generation through organic Rankine cycles. With the ICSF technology, our team is addressing the global challenge in transitioning commercial and residential building stock towards on-site clean energy self-sufficiency, by fully integrating innovative environmental control systems strategies within an intelligent and responsively dynamic building envelope. The advantage of being able to use the entire solar spectrum for

  17. PV-CAD: an integrated tool for designing PV facades; PV-CAD - Ein integriertes Werkzeug zur Auslegung von PV-Fassaden

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Giese, H.; Viotto, M. [Inst. fuer Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET) e.V., Kassel (Germany); Esser, M.; Pukrop, D. [Univ. Oldenburg (Germany). Abt. Energie- und Halbleiterforschung; Stellbogen, D. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung, Stuttgart (Germany)

    1997-12-31

    PV-CAD provides PV system planners with a practice-oriented tool for an efficient design of PV facades. Being compatible with the standard programmes of the architects` and electrical engineering sectors it can be used on already existing systems and allows the user to draw on previously acquired knowedge. Its open interfaces permit the integration of further design tools. PV CAD works under Microsoft Windows for which it has the necessary graphic user interface. Its compliance to PC standards opens up a wide range of applications and permits its use also on inexpensive computers. Thanks to its promotion by the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research, and Technology under the research project ``Computer programmes for the design of photovoltaic facades`` PV-CAD is available at a moderate price. PV-CAD permits an efficient planning of solar facades and therefore has the potential to stimulate the use of PV on buildings. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit PV-CAD steht dem Anlagenplaner ein anwendungsorientiertes Werkzeug zur Verfuegung, das eine rationelle Auslegung von PV-Fassaden ermoeglicht. Die Kompatibilitaet zu Standardprogrammen aus dem Architektur- und Elektrosektor erlaubt die Nutzung bereits vorhandener Systeme und damit erworbener Kenntnisse. Offene Schnittstellen gestatten die Einbindung weiterer Entwurfswerkzeuge. PV-CAD arbeitet unter Microsoft-Windows und verfuegt ueber die entsprechende grafische Benutzerschnittstelle. Die Kompatibilitaet zum PC-Standard eroeffnet eine sehr breite Anwenderbasis und ermoeglicht den Einsatz des Programms auch auf preiswerten Rechnern. Aufgrund der Foerderung durch das Bundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts `Rechnerprogramm zur Auslegung von Photovoltaik-Fassaden` steht PV-CAD preiswert zur Verfuegung. PV-CAD ermoeglicht eine effiziente Planung von Solarfassaden und kann daher dem PV-Einsatz in Gebaeuden weitere Impulse geben. (orig.)

  18. Assessing facade value - how clients make business cases in changing real estate markets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Den Heijer

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Corresponding author: Dr. ir. Alexandra den Heijer, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Department of Real Estate & Housing, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 15 278 4159; E-mail: a.c.denheijer@tudelft.nl RELEVANCE: The value of any intervention in the built environment is most relevant for the stakeholders that are investing in it. For them all costs need to be balanced with benefits - not necessarily directly financial, but adding value to the performance of the accommodated organization. Business cases contain performance criteria like competitive advantage (branding the organization, productivity (optimally supporting users of the building, profitability (on organizational level and sustainable development (monitoring the ecological footprint. In the changing real estate markets – from supply-driven to demand-driven and with increasingly higher vacancy rates – priorities in decisions about buildings have been shifting. PURPOSE: This paper elaborates on how (a the trends in real estate markets and (b changing priorities in decision making affect the quality demand for buildings and their facades. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This paper is based on research of the Real Estate Management chair in general (market analysis, transformation trends, conceptual frameworks and more specifically on decisions about university campuses in the past 10 years (14 campuses and 57 buildings assessed. FINDINGS: This paper provides both conceptual frameworks to assess the (added value of interventions in the built environment for the client and their (changing priorities in the brief for buildings and their facades

  19. RELEVANT OBJECTIVES OF ASSURANCE OF RELIABILITY OF FACADE SYSTEMS SERVING THERMAL INSULATION AND FINISHING PURPOSES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yavorskiy Andrey Andreevich

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The authors consider up-to-date methods of implementation of requirements stipulated by Federal Law no. 261-FZ that encompasses reduction of heat losses through installation of progressive heat-insulation systems, cement plaster system (CPS, and ventilated facades (VF. Unresolved problems of their efficient application caused by the absence of the all-Russian regulatory documents capable of controlling the processes of their installation and maintenance, as well as the projection of their behaviour, are also considered in the article. The authors argue that professional skills of designers and construction workers responsible for the design and installation of façade systems influence the quality and reliability of design and construction works. Unavailability of unified solutions or regulations serves as the objective reason for the unavailability of the respective database; therefore, there is an urgent need to perform a set of researches to have the unified database compiled. The authors use the example of thermal insulation cement plaster systems designated for facades as results of researches into the quantitative analysis of safety systems. Collected and systematized data that cover defects that have proven to be reasons for failures, as well as potential methods of their prevention are also studied. Data on pilot studies of major factors of influence onto reliability of glutinous adhesion of CPS to the base of a wall are provided.

  20. DETERMINING THE THERMAL RESISTANCE OF A VENTILATED HINGED FACADE SYSTEM LAYER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gagarin Vladimir Gennad'evich

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Enveloping structures with hinged façade systems are nowadays widely used for moisture control of enveloping structures, prevention of overheating of the structures by insolation, saving the constructions from atmospheric moisture and also for correspondence with the raised requirements to thermal protection of the enveloping structures, aimed also at reducing energy consumption. In the winter conditions the influence of air layer on the thermal insulation parameters is usually neglected. In the article the thermal resistance of an air gap and is considered and its effect in the calculation of the heat resistance of a building envelope with hinged facade system is analyzed in the conditions of cold weather. The thermal resistance of the air layer determines how the heat losses decrease.

  1. Impacts of traditional architecture on the use of wood as an element of facade covering in Serbian contemporary architecture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivanović-Šekularac Jelena

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The world trend of re-use of wood and wood products as materials for construction and covering of architectural structures is present not only because of the need to meet the aesthetic, artistic and formal requirements or to seek inspiration in the return to the tradition and nature, but also because of its ecological, economic and energetic feasibility. Furthermore, the use of wood fits into contemporary trends of sustainable development and application of modern technical and technological solutions in the production of materials, in order to maintain a connection to nature, environment and tradition. In this study the author focuses on wood and wood products as an element of facade covering on buildings in our country, in order to extend knowledge about possibilities and limitations of their use and create a base for their greater and correct application. The subject of this research is to examine the application of wood and wood products as an element covering the exterior in combination with other materials applied in our traditional and contemporary homes with the emphasis on functional, representational art and the various possibilities of wood. In this study all the factors that affect the application of wood and wood products have been analyzed and the conclusions have been drawn about the manner of their implementation and the types of wood and wood products protection. The development of modern technological solutions in wood processing led to the production of composite materials based on wood that are highly resistant, stable and much longer lasting than wood. Those materials have maintained in an aesthetic sense all the characteristics of wood that make it unique and inimitable. This is why modern facade coating based on wood should be applied as a facade covering in the exterior of modern architectural buildings in Serbia, and the use wood reduced to a minimum.

  2. Building envelope regulations on thermal comfort in glass facade buildings and energy-saving potential for PMV-based comfort control

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hwang, Ruey-Lung; Shu, Shiu-Ya [Department of Architecture, National United University, 1, Lien-Da, Kung-Ching Li, Miaoli, 36003 (China)

    2011-04-15

    This paper presents an investigation of the effect of building envelope regulation on thermal comfort and on the energy-saving potential for PMV-based comfort control in glass facade buildings. Occurrences and severity of overheating, based on the PMV-PPD model contained in ISO 7730, were used for the thermal comfort assessment. Parametric study simulations for an actual building with a large glass facade were carried out to predict the changes in thermal comfort levels in a space due to different glazing types, depths of overhang and glazing areas, which are the key parameters of the building envelope regulation index, named ENVLOAD, in Taiwan. The result demonstrates that the ENVLOAD has significant effect on thermal comfort. Additionally, comparative simulations between PMV-based comfort control and conventional thermostatic control were performed to investigate the changes in the energy-saving potential of a thermal comfort-controlled space due to changes of its ENVLOAD. The results demonstrate that the energy-saving potential in a PMV-based controlled space increases with low ENVLOAD conditions. (author)

  3. DeposiÃÃo de DiÃxido de Estanho-FlÃor (SnO2:F) em Substrato Transparente para Uso em CÃlulas FotoeletroquÃmicas

    OpenAIRE

    Francisco Marcone Lima

    2013-01-01

    Vidros condutores tÃm sido usados como Ãxidos condutores transparentes (OCTâs). Por causa da transmitÃncia na regiÃo visÃvel e baixa resistÃncia de filme os OCTâs tÃm sido usados como componente de cÃlulas fotoeletroquÃmicas ativadas por corante. Neste trabalho à feito vidros condutores, em escala de laboratÃrio, de dimensÃes 2,6 cm x 7,6 cm pela tÃcnica âspray pyrolysisâ, os vidros condutores sÃo aplicados na construÃÃo da cÃlula fotoeletroquÃmica com eletrodos imersos e da cÃlula de G...

  4. Simultaneous calculation and assessment of facade performances; Gelijktijdig berekenen en beoordelen van gevelprestaties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Berk, A.B.M.; Rutten, P.G.S.; Loomans, M.G.L.C.; Aarts, M.P.J.; Loonen, R.C.G.M. [Technische Universiteit Eindhoven TUE, Eindhoven (Netherlands)

    2013-01-15

    What is the added value of simultaneous calculation of performance indicators in terms of visual comfort, thermal comfort and related use of energy with regard to design of a building facade? This and other related questions are answered on the basis of research aimed at an area with office functions [Dutch] Wat is de meerwaarde van het 'gelijktijdig' in een model berekenen van prestatieindicatoren in termen van visueel comfort, thermisch comfort en bijbehorend energiegebruik in relatie tot het gevelontwerp? In dit artikel worden deze en andere daaraan verwante vragen beantwoord op basis van onderzoek dat gericht is op een ruimte met kantoorfunctie.

  5. PRACTICING FACADE RENOVATION OF DANISH BUILDINGS BUILT BETWEEN 1960 AND 1980

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hannoudi, Loay Akram; Lauring, Gert Michael; Christensen, Jørgen Erik

    Practising building facade renovation in Denmark, both from the technical and aesthetic points of view, raises many questions that are presented in this paper. These questions are answered and discussed through interviews conducted with seven architectural firms that are involved with façade...... the interviewees. These questions focused on technical, aesthetic, functional, economic and environmental aspects. The results of the interviews show that there are many problems facing these buildings, for example, energy efficiency, durability and indoor climate problems. The process of treating these problems...... on in the interviews. The interviews with the architectural firms were able to answer the questions regarding the building owners’ concerns and showed the way the architectural firms either reacted to these concerns to provide concepts and strategies like external re-insulation, or followed a specific process...

  6. Intelligent Facades for High Performance Green Buildings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dyson, Anna [Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)

    2017-03-01

    Progress Towards Net-Zero and Net-Positive-Energy Commercial Buildings and Urban Districts Through Intelligent Building Envelope Strategies Previous research and development of intelligent facades systems has been limited in their contribution towards national goals for achieving on-site net zero buildings, because this R&D has failed to couple the many qualitative requirements of building envelopes such as the provision of daylighting, access to exterior views, satisfying aesthetic and cultural characteristics, with the quantitative metrics of energy harvesting, storage and redistribution. To achieve energy self-sufficiency from on-site solar resources, building envelopes can and must address this gamut of concerns simultaneously. With this project, we have undertaken a high-performance building integrated combined-heat and power concentrating photovoltaic system with high temperature thermal capture, storage and transport towards multiple applications (BICPV/T). The critical contribution we are offering with the Integrated Concentrating Solar Façade (ICSF) is conceived to improve daylighting quality for improved health of occupants and mitigate solar heat gain while maximally capturing and transferring onsite solar energy. The ICSF accomplishes this multi-functionality by intercepting only the direct-normal component of solar energy (which is responsible for elevated cooling loads) thereby transforming a previously problematic source of energy into a high quality resource that can be applied to building demands such as heating, cooling, dehumidification, domestic hot water, and possible further augmentation of electrical generation through organic Rankine cycles. With the ICSF technology, our team is addressing the global challenge in transitioning commercial and residential building stock towards on-site clean energy self-sufficiency, by fully integrating innovative environmental control systems strategies within an intelligent and responsively dynamic building

  7. Multi-functional energy facades. A symbiosis of architecture and power generation; Multifunktionale Energiefassaden. Eine Symbiose aus Architektur und Energiegewinnung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Theiss, Eric

    2012-09-15

    Due to the continuously increasing energy prices, resource limitation and increasing environmental pollution the energy-optimized construction as well as sustainable energy supplies take on significance. Already in the preliminary phase of design, for architects, building owners and planners the question of the significance of the building envelope and specifically the facades play an important role in the energy supply.

  8. Interacción institucional, participación democrática y transparencia. La iniciativa del Voto Transparente en el Ecuador (2013 - 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Barredo Ibáñez

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Internet, como una prolongación del espacio público contemporáneo, permite la habilitación de instrumentos que profundizan el sentido de la democracia. Los ciudadanos, mediante el aprovechamiento de las TIC, tienden a transformarse paulatinamente de los sujetos pasivos de las democracias representativas, en los sujetos activos que ejercen sus derechos políticos en el paradigma de la democracia participativa. En el siguiente artículo presentamos un análisis de Voto Transparente, una plataforma que estrenó en 2013 el Consejo Nacional Electoral del Ecuador con el fin de al involucrar a la ciudadanía en el control social y en la evaluación de las tareas de los legisladores. Mediante la observación de los posibles incumplimientos de los elegidos, del cotejo de las promesas electorales con su posterior cumplimiento, los electores ecuatorianos pueden contrarrestar la escasa participación democrática que ha habido históricamente en esta república andina.

  9. Behandlingen af økonomisk magt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Søndergaard, Peter

    2004-01-01

    I oktober 2003 udkom Magtudredningens Slutrapport med overvejende gode nyheder om det danske demokratis tilstand: Det danske folkestyre er overraskende sundt. I denne antologi stiller politikere, embedsmænd, forskere og journalister kritiske spørgsmål til Magtudredningen: • Hvor tæt går udredning...

  10. Passive solar energy recovery in non-transparent facades; Passive solare Energiegewinnung im nicht-transparenten Fassadenbereich

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liersch, K.W. [Brandenburgische Technische Univ. Cottbus (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Baukonstruktion und Bauphysik

    1999-10-01

    Evaluation of theoretical and practical studies has shown that non-bearing glass facades of reduced transparency hold a considerable potential for energy recovery. The most important factors governing this process are solar irradiation and inhibition of reflection in the long-wave range. Net energy recovery can be expressed in terms of the decrease of the mean effective heat transmission coefficient. The achievable gains are the smaller the more effective the heat insulating properties of the wall are, i.e. the lower the U-value of the non-transparent wall is. In the case of outer walls with additional heat insulation and a heat transmission coefficient of less than k{sub w} = approx. 0.25 W/ (m-2K) energy recovery is practically negligible, with little scope for improvement through facade orientation. [Deutsch] Die Auswertung der theoretischen und messtechnischen Untersuchungen zeigt, dass mittels einer vorgehaengten, reduziert transparenten Glasfassade betraechtliche Waermegewinne zu erzielen sind. Diese ergeben sich aus der Sonnenzustrahlung sowie der Behinderung langwelliger Waermeabstrahlung. Die Gewinne lassen sich durch eine Abminderung des mittleren effektiven Waermedurchgangskoeffizienten darstellen. Die zu erzielenden Gewinne sind allerdings um so geringer, je besser die sonstige waermeschutztechnische Ausruestung der betreffenden Wand, d.h. je niedriger der k-Wert der nicht-transparenten Wandflaeche ist. Das bedeutet, dass bei Aussenwaenden mit Zusatzdaemmung und einem Waermedurchgangskoeffizienten unterhalb k{sub W}{approx}0,25 W/(m{sup 2}K) der Gewinn nicht mehr nennenswert ist, wobei dann auch die Ausrichtung der Fassade zur Himmelsrichtung das Ergebnis nur noch in geringem Umfang beeinflusst. (orig.)

  11. Sustainable refurbishment of exterior walls and building facades. Final report, Part B - General refurbishment concepts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vares, S.; Pulakka, S.; Toratti, T. [and others

    2012-11-01

    This report is the second part of the final report of Sustainable refurbishment of building facades and exterior walls (SUSREF). SUSREF project was a collaborative (small/medium size) research project within the 7th Framework Programme of the Commission and it was financed under the theme Environment (including climate change) (Grant agreement no. 226858). The project started in October 1st 2009 and ended in April 30th 2012. The project included 11 partners from five countries. SUSREF developed sustainable concepts and technologies for the refurbishment of building facades and external walls. This report together with SUSREF Final report Part B and SUSREF Final Report Part C introduce the main results of the project. Part A focuses on methodological issues. The descriptions of the concepts and the assessment results of the developed concepts are presented in SUSREF Final report part B (generic concepts) and SUSREF Final report Part C (SME concepts). The following list shows the sustainability assessment criteria defined by the SUSREF project. These are Durability; Impact on energy demand for heating; Impact on energy demand for cooling; Impact on renewable energy use potential; Impact on daylight; Environmental impact of manufacture and maintenance; Indoor air quality and acoustics; Structural stability; Fire safety; Aesthetic quality; Effect on cultural heritage; Life cycle costs; Need for care and maintenance; Disturbance to the tenants and to the site; Buildability. This report presents sustainability assessment results of general refurbishment concepts and gives recommendations on the basis of the results. The report covers the following refurbishment cases - External insulation - Internal insulation - Cavity wall insulation - Replacement Insulation during renovation.

  12. Evaluating solar irradiance over facades in high building cities, based on LiDAR technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martínez-Rubio, A.; Sanz-Adan, F.; Santamaría-Peña, J.; Martínez, Araceli

    2016-01-01

    results show clear evidence of the influence of the shade effect produced by both, the building itself and other nearby buildings. Even if the shading effect is a factor that determines the irradiation gradient, the orientation of the facades has been proven to be the most important parameter in seeking a higher value of irradiation. As a result, south facing walls present wider regions with greater irradiance values, which are of interest for photovoltaic implementation. In addition, monthly analyses have shown that the best-oriented facades have produce their maximum solar power during equinox months, March and September. This method is considered as a useful tool for sustainable urban planning and for building integrated photovoltaics development. Although the entire envelope of a building can be studied, this paper is limited to the analysis of the facades.

  13. ØG-DDB teknisk rapport

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vestergaard, Flemming; Karlshøj, Jan; Hauch, Peter

    Nærværende rapport er den tekniske slutrapport for projektet Måling af økonomiske gevinster ved Det Digitale Byggeri (byggeriets digitalisering). Projektet er finansieret af Klima-, Energi og Bygningsstyrelsen og har haft en projektperiode fra medio 2009 til primo 2012. Projektet er udført på DTU...

  14. Quantifying environmental performance of Jali screen facades for contemporary buildings in Lahore, Pakistan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Batool, Ayesha

    Jali screens are traditional window treatments in vernacular buildings throughout South Asia and the Middle East. Contemporary builders are starting to incorporate Jali screens as decorative facade elements; however, architects and scholars have largely ignored the impact of Jali screens on overall building energy and day-lighting performance. This research evaluates the effect of Jali screens, across a range of perforation ratios, on energy utilization and day-lighting quality in contemporary office buildings. The data collection and analysis is through fieldwork in Lahore, Pakistan, as well as through computational energy modeling. Results demonstrate that Jali screens have a promising positive impact on cooling loads and may improve visual comfort. The findings suggest a holistic perspective combining traditional architecture and performance enhancement by architects and designers.

  15. More than only weather protection for modern working environments. Multifunctional facade modul system for office buildings; Mehr als nur Wetterschutz fuer moderne Arbeitswelten. Multifunktionales Fassaden-Modulsystem fuer Buerogebaeude

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eickmeyer, Philipp [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Gebaeude- und Solartechnik

    2011-07-01

    Together with industrial and commercial partners, the Institute for Building and Solar Technology at the Technical University of Braunschweig (Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany) plans and develops working environments for the 21st century. Thus, the future:workspace is designed from the ninth floor in the university's high-rise BS4. Architectural visions are combined with innovative technical solutions and demonstrate the future quality of most modern office workplaces. The facade of the future:workspace is just more than a building closure and weather protection. A Schueco E{sup 2} facade is used as a multifunctional module system which is examined in the research project 'Distributed and modular building technology to increase energy efficiency and comfort of use'.

  16. Marcos GRADE de la evidencia a la decisión (EtD: un enfoque sistemático y transparente para tomar decisiones sanitarias bien informadas. 1: Introducción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Alonso-Coello

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Los médicos y quienes elaboran guías y políticas a veces pasan por alto criterios importantes, les dan un peso indebido o no usan la mejor evidencia disponible para informar sus juicios. Los sistemas explícitos y transparentes para la toma de decisiones pueden ayudar a garantizar que se consideren todos los criterios importantes, y que las decisiones estén basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible. El grupo de trabajo GRADE ha desarrollado marcos «de la evidencia a la decisión» (EtD para los diferentes tipos de recomendaciones o decisiones. El objetivo de los marcos EtD es ayudar a los paneles a usar la evidencia de una manera estructurada y transparente para informar las decisiones respecto de las recomendaciones clínicas, decisiones de cobertura sanitaria y recomendaciones o decisiones sobre el sistema sanitario o sobre salud pública. Los marcos EtD tienen una estructura común: formulación de una pregunta, evaluación de la evidencia y conclusiones. No obstante, existen diferencias entre los marcos para cada tipo de decisión. Los marcos EtD informan a los usuarios sobre los juicios que se han hecho y la evidencia que los apoya dotando de transparencia la base para las decisiones de los que tienen que tomarlas. Los marcos EtD también facilitan la diseminación de las recomendaciones y permiten a los decisores de otros ámbitos adoptar recomendaciones o decisiones, o adaptarlas a su contexto. El siguiente artículo es una traducción del artículo original publicado en British Medical Journal. Los marcos EtD se utilizan actualmente en el marco del Programa de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, coordinado por GuíaSalud.

  17. Zwischen "Fassade" und "wirklicher Absicht": Eine Betrachtung uber die dritte Erziehungsreform in Japan = Between "Facade" and "Real Intent": Observations on Japan's Third Educational Reform.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ito, Toshiko

    1997-01-01

    Asserts that the Japanese educational system consists of the "facade" of ministerially-decreed harmony and the "real intent" of competition. Argues that the balance between the two has been endangered by recent reforms that seek to promote "creativity and diversification." Suggests that policymakers did not analyze…

  18. Hydrophobization by Means of Nanotechnology on Greek Sandstones Used as Building Facades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Georgios Karagiannis

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Modern sustainable architecture indicates the use of local natural stones for building. Greek sandstones from Epirus (Demati, Greece, EN 12440 used as building facades meet aesthetic and have high mechanical properties, but the inevitable interaction between stone materials and natural or anthropogenic weathering factors controls the type, and extent of stone damages. In the present paper, samples of sandstone were treated with a conventional hydrophobic product and four solutions of the same product, enriched with nanosilica of different concentrations. The properties of the treated samples, such as porosity and pore size distribution, microstructure, static contact angle of a water droplet, and durability to deterioration cycles (freeze-thaw were recorded and conclusions were drawn. The research indicates the increased hydrophobic properties in nanosilica solutions but also the optimum content in nanoparticles that provides hydrophobicity without altering the properties of the stone.

  19. HIGH QUALITY FACADE SEGMENTATION BASED ON STRUCTURED RANDOM FOREST, REGION PROPOSAL NETWORK AND RECTANGULAR FITTING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. Rahmani

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available In this paper we present a pipeline for high quality semantic segmentation of building facades using Structured Random Forest (SRF, Region Proposal Network (RPN based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN as well as rectangular fitting optimization. Our main contribution is that we employ features created by the RPN as channels in the SRF.We empirically show that this is very effective especially for doors and windows. Our pipeline is evaluated on two datasets where we outperform current state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, we quantify the contribution of the RPN and the rectangular fitting optimization on the accuracy of the result.

  20. Influência do ângulo de incidência nos ganhos de calor solar através de materiais transparentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquim Pizzutti dos Santos

    Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta uma equação genérica que relaciona a variação do Fator Solar com o ângulo de incidência. As curvas resultantes desta variação, para vidros e outros materiais transparentes, foram obtidas a partir de experimentos de espectrofotometria para reflexão e transmissão, realizados para diferentes ângulos de incidência. Desta forma, foram identificados grupos de materiais com comportamento semelhante de variação do Fator Solar em função do ângulo. Para cada um dos grupos foi definido um material de referência, com valores de Fator Solar representando o comportamento médio do grupo. Para estes materiais foram obtidas equações gerais da curva de variação do Fator Solar, que permite calcular o ganho de calor solar total considerando a variação do ângulo de incidência da radiação ao longo de um período de tempo. O valor desses ganhos para qualquer material do mesmo grupo pode ser obtido aplicando um coeficiente de correção, que é o valor do Fator Solar para a incidência normal do material considerado. Os valores para esse coeficiente são propostos neste trabalho para um grande número de materiais ou podem ser obtidos a partir de catálogos.

  1. Thermotropic layers for glazing of windows, facades and solar collectors. Final report; Thermotrope Systeme fuer Verglasung von Fenstern, Fassaden und Solarkollektoren. Abschlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jahns, E.; Gerst, M.; Nitz, P. [BASF AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany); Grochal, P.; Raicu, A. [Sto AG, Stuehlingen (Germany); Blessing, R.; Wilson, H.R. [INTERPANE Entwicklungs- und Beratungsgesellschaft mbH und Co. KG, Lauenfoerde (Germany); Wittwer, V.; Fuchs, K. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)

    1997-02-01

    Increased use of solar energy is needed to save heating energy. In the German climate, however, passive use of solar energy with windows and facades in summer is also accompanied by the risk of overheating the living areas. Simple, automatically regulating systems to protect against overheating are not commercially available at present. The project, `Thermotropic Layers for Glazing of Windows, Facades and Solar Collectors`, aimed to develop thermotropic shading systems for windows, facades and solar collectors. Thermotropic hydrogels and polymer blends were developed, large-area samples produced and characterised under practice-relevant conditions. Building simulations proved that with the help of the polymer systems developed, heating costs can be saved by passive use of solar energy. The knowledge gained has not yet resulted in a commercially marketable product. Processing of large-area products and lifetime testing could not be brought to completion within the project duration. The project partners have thus lodged an application for funding by BMBF (German Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology) to continue the work. (orig.) [Deutsch] Zur Heizkostenersparnis ist der verstaerkte Einsatz von Sonnenenergie notwendig. In unserem Klima birgt die passive Nutzung von Sonnenenergie ueber Fenster und Fassaden im Sommer aber die Gefahr der Ueberhitzung der Wohnraeume. Einfache, selbstregelnde Systeme als Ueberhitzungsschutz sind zur Zeit am Markt nicht erhaeltlich. Das Projekt `Thermotrope Schichten fuer Verglasung von Fenstern, Fassaden und Solarkollektoren` hatte die Entwicklung von thermotropen Abschattungssystemen fuer Fenster, Fassaden und Sonnenkollektoren zum Ziel. Es wurden thermotrope Hydrogele und Polymerblends entwickelt, flaechige Muster hergestellt und in anwendungsnahen Pruefungen charakterisiert. Gebaeudesimulationen erbrachten den Nachweis, dass mit den entwickelten Polymersystemen eine Heizkostenersparnis durch passive

  2. Design of Blast-Loaded Glazing Windows and Facades: A Review of Essential Requirements towards Standardization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Larcher

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The determination of the blast protection level of laminated glass windows and facades is of crucial importance, and it is normally done by using experimental investigations. In recent years numerical methods have become much more powerful also with respect to this kind of application. This paper attempts to give a first idea of a possible standardization concerning such numerical simulations. Attention is drawn to the representation of the blast loading and to the proper description of the behaviour of the material of the mentioned products, to the geometrical meshing, and to the modelling of the connections of the glass components to the main structure. The need to validate the numerical models against reliable experimental data, some of which are indicated, is underlined.

  3. Use of Daylight and Aesthetic Image of Glass Facades in Contemporary Buildings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roginska-Niesluchowska, Malgorzata

    2017-10-01

    The paper deals with the architecture of contemporary buildings in respect to their aesthetic image created by the use of natural light. Sustainability is regarded as a governing principle of contemporary architecture, where daylighting is an important factor as it affects energy consumption and environmental quality of the space inside a building. Environmental awareness of architecture, however, involves a much wider and more holistic view of design. The quality of sustainable architecture can be considered in its aesthetic and cultural context with regard to landscape, local tradition, and connection to the surrounding world. This approach is associated with the social mission of architecture, i.e. providing appropriate space for living, facilitating social relations and having positive impact on people. The purpose of the research is to study the use of daylight in creating an aesthetic image of contemporary buildings. The author focuses mainly on public buildings largely dedicated to art and culture which satisfy high functional and aesthetic requirements. The paper examines the genesis and current trends in the aesthetic image of modern buildings which use daylight as the main design strategy, focusing on the issues of glass facades. The main attention is given to the shaping of representative public areas which feature the glass facades. The research has been based on a case study, critical review of literature review, observation and synthesis. The study identifies and classifies different approaches to using daylight in these areas and highlights changes in the aesthetics of architecture made of glass, which uses daylight as the main design strategy. These changes are primarily caused by the development and spreading of new glazing materials and the use of digital method of design. The influence of light and its mode depends on glass materials but also on the local conditions of the site, and has a significant impact on the relationship between

  4. The facade of the church of Saint Spirit in Urbino: from scientific investigations to restoration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Letizia Amadori

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available The state of advanced deterioration of the church of Saint Spirito of Urbino has induced the Superintendence for the Historical Artistic and Demoetnoanthropological Heritage of the Marches-Urbino and the Archiepiscopal Curia to program an intervention of restoration. Before that, the facade was covered from black crusts, grey deposits and yellowish films. The bricks of the wall, until to a height of approximately three meters from the bottom, moreover they were interested from processes of detachment, disintegration and exfoliation. In such area the presence of humidity was rather obvious and was attributable to phenomena of rising dump. In order to identify the constituent materials and to estimate of the state of conservation they have been carry out scientific investigations, whose it turns out have supplied profits indications for the restoration.

  5. BUILDING FACADE DOCUMENTATION USING LASER SCANNING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND DATA IMPLEMENTATION INTO BIM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Faltýnová

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available A project started last year called MORE-CONNECT, which focuses on the renovation of buildings (especially building facades using prefabricated elements. The aim of this project is to create a competitive solution consisting of a technology and processes which enable fast, cost-effective renovation with minimal difficulties to inhabitants. Significant cost savings in renovation costs lies in the usage of prefabricated elements and the reduction of construction works on site. The precision of the prefabricated element depends on the precision of the construction, project and building documentation. This article offers an overview of the possible methods for building documentation and spatial data transfer into BIM (Building Information Modelling software. The description of methods focuses on laser scanning and photogrammetry (including RPAS based, its advantages, disadvantages and limitations according to the documented building, level of renovation, situation on site etc. The next part involves spatial data transfer into BIM software. A proposed solution is tested in a case study.

  6. An Empirical Validation of Building Simulation Software for Modelling of Double-Skin Facade (DSF)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Olena Kalyanova; Heiselberg, Per; Felsmann, Clemens

    2009-01-01

    buildings, but their accuracy might be limited in cases with DSFs because of the complexity of the heat and mass transfer processes within the DSF. To address this problem, an empirical validation of building models with DSF, performed with various building simulation tools (ESP-r, IDA ICE 3.0, VA114......Double-skin facade (DSF) buildings are being built as an attractive, innovative and energy efficient solution. Nowadays, several design tools are used for assessment of thermal and energy performance of DSF buildings. Existing design tools are well-suited for performance assessment of conventional......, TRNSYS-TUD and BSim) was carried out in the framework of IEA SHC Task 34 /ECBCS Annex 43 "Testing and Validation of Building Energy Simulation Tools". The experimental data for the validation was gathered in a full-scale outdoor test facility. The empirical data sets comprise the key-functioning modes...

  7. Extracción de cristalino transparente en pacientes hipermétropes Extraction of transparent crystalline lens in hypermetrope patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Rojas Alvarez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Describir los resultados obtenidos en la extracción de cristalino transparente de pacientes hipermétropes. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal, en el período de septiembre de 2009 a febrero de 2010. Fueron estudiados 60 ojos de 30 pacientes con hipermetropía, quienes acudieron al Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" y no cumplieron los criterios establecidos para cirugía refractiva corneal. Se aplicó la fórmula Hoffer Q por IOL máster para el cálculo del lente intraocular, técnica quirúrgica estándar, facoemulsificación (facoaspiración, poder ultrasónico: 10 % (pulsado, vacío: 350 mmHg, flujo: 25 cc/min; túnel corneal, capsulorrexis amplia e implante de lente intraocular monofocal en saco capsular. Se realizó el análisis estadístico por promedio asociado a prueba T para datos pareados. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 39 ± 2,6 años. La longitud axil promedio fue de 21 ± 2 mm. La mejor agudeza visual sin corrección ascendió de 0,08 en el preoperatorio a 0,72 en el posoperatorio. La mejor agudeza visual con corrección varió de 0,92 a 0,98. El valor de la esfera se redujo de 5,25 a - 0,50 y el cilindro de 0,75 a - 0,25 dioptrías; en consecuencia, el equivalente esférico disminuyó de 4,75 en el preoperatorio a -1,00 dioptrías en el período posoperatorio, específicamente en el ojo dominante a 0,46 y en el no dominante a -0,97 dioptrÍas. CONCLUSIONES: La monovisión resulta efectiva en los pacientes. La extracción de cristalino transparente en pacientes hipermétropes es una opción útil cuando estos no son candidatos a cirugía refractiva corneal.OBJECTIVES: To describe the results obtained in the extraction of the transparent crystalline lens in hypermetrope patients. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective and descriptive study was conducted from September, 2009 to February, 2010. Sixty eyes was studied from 30 patients presenting with

  8. Development of a 'passive-house' facade element with vacuum insulation; Entwicklung eines Passivhausfassadenelements mit Vakkum-Daemmung - Schlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jordi, M. [Renggli AG, Schoetz (Switzerland); Erb, M. [Dr. Eicher und Pauli AG, Liestal (Switzerland); Ragonesi, M. [Ragonesi Strobel und Partner, Luzern (Switzerland)

    2007-07-01

    This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the development of a 'passive-house' facade element that uses vacuum insulation panels. The construction of the elements and the ideas behind it are discussed. The evaluation of different designs and the choice of the version to be manufactured are looked at. A demonstration element using the technology is presented and commented on. The results obtained are discussed and the cost-benefit calculation is presented. Further, various factors such as ecology and life-cycle analysis, protection against damp, fire and noise and an estimate of the system's durability are discussed.

  9. Multifunctional facades - design optimisation with CAD; Multifunktionale Fassaden - Effektive Auslegung durch CAD-Einsatz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Viotto, M. [Institut fuer Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET), Kassel (Germany). Abt. fuer Anlagen- und Messtechnik

    1998-02-01

    The energetically optimal design of PV facades requires the consideration of many technical conditions (different elevations/orientations of modules; shading possibility; high and different module temperatures). It also requires the interface with architecture, civil and electrical engineering. To support this planning process, the software program PV-CAD was developed which rapidly calculates energy yield under conditions of inhomogeneous irradiance, shading, thermal behaviour of modules and electrical layout. PV-CAD is compatible with other civil and electrical engineering CAD programs and incorporates extensive databases (weather data; modules and inverter types). (orig.) [Deutsch] Fuer optimalen Energieertrag sind zahlreiche technische Randbedingungen bei der Auslegung einer Photovoltaik (PV)-Fassade zu beruecksichtigen (unterschiedliche Ausrichtungen/Neigungen der Module; moegliche Teilabschattung; hoehere und unterschiedliche Betriebstemperaturen). Installation und Betrieb einer PV-Fassade erfordern die Abstimmung zwischen Architektur, Bauwesen und Elektrotechnik. Zur Unterstuetzung der Planer wurde das Programm PV-CAD entwickelt, das den Energieertrag unter Beruecksichtigung von inhomogener Einstrahlung und Abschattung, Temperaturverhalten der Fassadenmodule sowie unterschiedlichen elektrischen Anlagenkonzepten schnell ermittelt; es fuegt sich nahtlos in CAD-Arbeitsumgebungen ein. (orig.)

  10. Indoor light and visual comfort with solar cells in glass facades

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Markvart, J.; Iversen, A.; Logadottir, A.; Johnsen, K.

    2012-09-15

    This study was a part of the project 'Application of thin-film technology in Denmark' (Thi-Fi-Tech). The aim was to demonstrate how the integrating transparent thin-film PV in glazed facades in building with large glass areas influences the users' perception of the daylight in the room and the view to the outside. Panels with various patterns were constructed representing facade-integrated thin-film, both for collecting solar energy, to filter the daylight and reduce solar loads in the room. Four different dummy thin-film panels were evaluated at the daylight laboratory facility at the Danish Building Research institute in two different tests and periods, i.e. in each test there were two different panel patterns at the time in two equally arranged test rooms. After working half a day in a test room office having a large glass area where the upper and lower part was covered with an integrating transparent dummy thin-film panel, the test persons evaluated the daylight in the room and the view to the outside by answering questionnaires. Each of the four panel patterns were evaluated by 19 test persons. Besides the illuminance levels in the test rooms were measured at various strategically places and analysed. During test 1 the Pattern 4 and 6 were tested against each other as they resemble a similar structure, with the transparency of the pattern increasing towards the window in the middle. The difference between the two patterns is the geometry of the cells and the transparency. During test 2 the Pattern 3 and MicroShade pattern were tested. Pattern 3 was very similar to pattern 4 with the transparency of the pattern increasing towards the window in the middle and having opaque cells as lines with a cell dimension of 4.96 mm x 39.10 mm and a transparency of 74 %. MicroShade is a special type of solar shading constructed of transparent strips of stainless steel bands with micro-structure perforations being angled so that they shield to direct sunlight

  11. Application of Prefabricated Panels for the Energy Retrofit of Portuguese Residential Buildings Facades: A Case Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sousa J.

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available This article aims to evaluate the potential application of prefabricated panels in energy retrofit of facades in the Portuguese building stock. The fundamentals of this study were part of Annex 50, which was an international ECBCS IEA project, with the purpose of developing an innovative concept of building renovation for the most representative buildings based on prefabricated systems. To analyze the potential application of energy retrofit using prefabricated panels, was important to know the reality of the existing building stock and its morphology. To know the reality of the building stock, an analysis was done based on the existing statistical data and to find the most representative residential buildings, target of the study, three criteria were defined: buildings built before 1990, with 2 to 6 floors and with renovation needs in the exterior envelope.

  12. Materials and technologies in Art Nouveau architecture: Facade decoration cases in Italy, Portugal and Poland for a consistent restoration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandrolini, F.

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The results of a diagnostic survey on the materials of representative Art Nouveau buildings in Italy, Portugal and Poland are here presented and compared, as a contribution to their understanding and, hence, to support compatible restoration. In particular, the facade decorations were investigated for the appraisal of their materials and technologies, often neglected in current maintenance/restoration works and so cancelled, leading to a severe loss in architectural image. The ongoing diagnostic campaign, in collaboration among different universities, is aimed to set up a database on materials and technologies of Art Nouveau facade decorations at a European scale, as a technical-scientific background for the highlighting of preservation guidelines.

    En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio de diagnóstico sobre materiales representativos de edificios del periodo del Modernismo en Italia, Portugal y Polonia. Con la comparación de estos resultados se pretende contribuir a incrementar el conocimiento de los materiales usados en este patrimonio, que permita realizar más eficazmente las futuras intervenciones de restauración. En particular, se analizan las decoraciones de las fachadas, pasando por el reconocimiento de sus materiales constituyentes y de las tecnologías usadas, que muchas veces no son adecuadamente estudiados en intervenciones de mantenimiento y/o restauración, provocando graves pérdidas en su imagen y lenguaje arquitectónico original. Con la campaña de trabajos de diagnóstico, en colaboración con varias universidades, se pretende crear una base de datos sobre materiales y tecnologías usados en las decoraciones de fachada en el periodo del Modernismo a una escala europea. El material podrá constituirse en una herramienta técnico-científica de soporte al desarrollo de directrices y recomendaciones para la preservación de este patrimonio.

  13. Numerical investigation on thermal performance and correlations of double skin facade with buoyancy-driven airflow

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pappas, Alexandra; Zhai, Zhiqiang [Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 428, ECOT 441, Boulder, CO 80309-0428 (United States)

    2008-07-01

    This paper briefly reviews the primary parameters for a double skin facade (DSF) design. The research presents an integrated and iterative modeling process for analyzing the thermal performance of DSF cavities with buoyancy-driven airflow by using a building energy simulation program (BESP) along with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package. A typical DSF cavity model has been established and simulated. The model and the modeling process have been calibrated and validated against the experimental data. The validated model was used to develop correlations that can be implemented in a BESP, allowing users to take advantage of the accuracy gained from CFD simulations without the required computation time. Correlations were developed for airflow rate through cavity, average and peak cavity air temperature, cavity air pressure, and interior convection coefficient. The correlations are valuable for 'back of the envelope' calculation and for examining accuracy of zonal-model-based energy and airflow simulation programs. (author)

  14. A study on the effects of double skin facades on the energy management in buildings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chou, S.K.; Chua, K.J.; Ho, J.C.

    2009-01-01

    Double skin facades (DSF) are gaining popularity for their ability to reduce solar heat gain in buildings. However, research works on the impact of DSF on the energy management, aerophysics and air conditioning of buildings are still at their infancy. The concept of envelope thermal transfer value (ETTV) has been specifically applied to evaluate the solar radiation gain component through a DSF fenestration system. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of DSF on the solar heat gain, the ETTV and hence the energy management within buildings. A systematic methodology to investigate the effectiveness of DSF in reducing solar heat gain has been presented. Experimental works have been performed to obtain the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) values of a DSF fenestration system. These values are then applied to compare the ETTVs generated from a model building with different DSF configurations, namely, different wall-to-window ratios and varying shading coefficients.

  15. Design and monitoring of several cubicles with traditional construction equipment (insulating) and novel (green PCMs, covers and facades) in the University of Lleida; Diseno y monitorizacion de varios cubiculos con materiales de construccion tradicionales (aislantes) y novedosos (PCMs, cubiertas y fachadas verdes) en la Universidad de Lleida

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Medrano, M.; Castell, A.; Castellon, C.; Martorell, I.; Perez, G.; Cabeza, L. F.

    2008-07-01

    This paper presents a new experimental facility of house-like cubicles in the University of Lleida. This installation allows to evaluate in a more realistic way the energy enhancements given by a variety of construction materials, both traditional (insulation) and innovative (PCMs, green roofs and green facades, etc.). This study includes the cubicles characteristics, the selected constructive solutions (concrete, brick, alveolar brick, etc.), the implemented instrumentation, and some preliminary results comparing the thermal behaviour of a reference cubicle, made of a double facade of brick and no insulation, with the demand of the other cubicles, which contain insulation, PCMs or both. (Author)

  16. Industrial waste utilization in the panels production for high buildings facade and socle facing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vitkalova, Irina; Torlova, Anastasiya; Pikalov, Evgeniy; Selivanov, Oleg

    2018-03-01

    The research presents comprehensive utilization of such industrial waste as galvanic sludge, broken window glass as functional additives for producing ceramics for facade and socle paneling in high-rise construction. The basic charge component is low-plasticity clay, which does not allow producing high-quality products if used without any functional additives. The application of the mentioned above components broadens the resource base, reduces production cost and the mass of the products in comparison with the currently used facing ceramics. The decrease of product mass helps to reduce the load on the basement and to use ceramic material in high-rise construction more effectively. Additional advantage of the developed composition is the reducing of production energy intensity due to comparatively low pressing pressure and firing temperature thus reducing the overall production cost. The research demonstrates the experimental results of determining density, compressive strength, water absorption, porosity and frost resistance of the produced ceramic material. These characteristics prove that the material can be applied for high buildings outdoor paneling. Additional research results prove ecologic safety of the produced ceramic material.

  17. Measurement of thermal transmittance of opaque facade wall relationship with meteorological conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antunović Biljana S.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents the results of measurements of thermal transmittance or as otherwise called U-value [W/m2⋅K] of opaque facade wall of preschool institution built in 1977. The building has an incomplete technical documentation according to which considered wall was built of brick and masonry mortar. Thermal characteristics of the incorporated materials have not been specified. Considering that in the period of building construction JUS standards was used, a possible range of calculated U-vales was obtained (1,241-1,404 W/m2·K. Measurements were performed in accordance with ISO 9869 during three time periods with the resulting U-values (1,269±0,276 W/m2·K; 1,025±0,175 W/m2·K; 1,200±0,212 W/m2·K that do not differ from each other within experimental uncertainty. Furthermore, the correlation of the measured U-values and meteorological conditions that prevailed during the measurements was analyzed. In the second measurement period, the average values of the total cloud cover and low cloud cover were less, and the average duration of sunshine was longer than in the other two measurement periods.

  18. Development and sensitivity study of a simplified and dynamic method for double glazing facade and verified by a full-scale façade element

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Mingzhe; Wittchen, Kim Bjarne; Heiselberg, Per

    2014-01-01

    The research aims to develop a simplified calculation method for double glazing facade to calculate its thermal and solar properties (U and g value) together with comfort performance (internal surface temperature of the glazing). Double glazing is defined as 1D model with nodes representing......, taking the thermal mass of the glazing into account. In addition, angle and spectral dependency of solar characteristic is also considered during the calculation. By using the method, it is possible to calculate whole year performance at different time steps, which makes it a time economical and accurate...

  19. Numerical simulation of heat transfer through the building facades of buildings located in the city of Bechar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A Missoum

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This study deals with the transient heat transfer in a multi-layered building wall through the facades of the buildings located in the city of Bechar (south-west Algeria. The physical model is presented to find the variation of the transient temperature in these structures and the heat flux through these elements, which depends on the air temperature of the inner surface and the instantaneous climatic conditions of the air outside. Comsol Multiphysics based on the finite element method is designed to perform numerical simulations. The measured hourly ambient air temperatures and the solar radiation flux on the horizontal surface for the city of Bechar Algeria are using during the hottest period (July 2015, and also using the properties Thermodynamics of each component of the structure. The validation of the analytical model with this simulation is verified in this document. The calculations carried out for different multilayer building walls which are commonly used in the south of Algeria to determine the thermal behavior of these structures and the influence of radiation heat flux on these elements.

  20. Fire propagation over combustible exterior facades exposed to intensified flame in Japan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nishio Yuhei

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available With regard to fire safety for exterior walls of a building, fire-resistance performance is considered, according to the current Building Standard Law of Japan. And it was revealed that the fire safety is not specifically regulated from the viewpoint of reaction-to-fire performance, such as fire propagation caused by combustible materials or products installed on the exterior side of fire-resistant load-bearing walls. Actual fire incidents in the world have shown that massive façade fire could occur at the exterior side of building wall even when the wall itself is fire resistant. In previous studies of the authors, a test method of façade fire was proposed for evaluating the vertical fire propagation over an external wall within the same building [1,2]. Based on these studies, new domestic standard test method was established in Japan as JIS A 1310: 2015, “Test method for fire propagation over building façades” at the end of January 2015 [3]. But there was the argument that heat output of burner inside the combustion chamber was not sufficiently high in the previous study. In this paper, results of fire tests on combustible façades are discussed from the viewpoints of different strength of flame exposing facade. In this research, it was clearly found that JIS A 1310 with heat output of 900kW could be applicable for evaluating fire propagation behaviour over various types of combustible exterior façades.

  1. Facade renovation - replacement and restoration of the panels in a monument protected object

    Science.gov (United States)

    Novotný, Michal

    2017-12-01

    The article deals with problems of reconstruction of the facade and the associated problem of replacement or repair of the panels. In conventional buildings it is a smooth operation, but it is problematic in monument-protected objects. In the case of a common building, it is possible to choose any modern panels and simply replace them, but for historical objects we have to follow the claims and the rules of monument protection. In practice, it usually means the impossibility of use of modern panels, but at least a combination of old and modern technologies. Another possible solution to the problem is renovation, or repairs to the original state of the existing panels, of course with respect to the functionality of such panels. The implementation of such repairs must always be based on the technical and historical survey of the condition of the object and the repairs must be professionally designed. Subsequently, corrections are made, during which it is necessary to pay particular attention to observance of the technological procedures, rules and instructions particularly in terms of monument protection. However, the functionality of the works or elements made with regard to the quality of the environment within the building is not negligible. A common problem is the lack of control of technical requirements and functional requirements. Underestimation of the problems then leads to difficult repairs. The article points to the mistakes and problems of one such construction project on a historically protected chateau building.

  2. Successfull example for a sustainable architectural culture. Facade consisting of recycled wood wraps the administration building; Gelungenes Beispiel fuer nachhaltige Baukultur. Fassade aus Recycling-Holz umhuellt Verwaltungsbau

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Blauel, Christian [BDA Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin (Germany)

    2012-07-01

    It has a role-model status for sustainable and ecologic construction - the new headquarters for the Agency for Renewable Ressources (Guelzow, Federal Republic of Germany). The building mainly consists of renewable resources. The Agency for Renewable Ressources as a project bearer of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) and the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania as a client in the public works have implemented all that of innovation and efficient use of energy and resources, for which private developers now stand more likely. The highlight is a facade fully realized by recycled oak wood.

  3. The Effect of Landscaping and Building Facades on Perceptual-Behavioral Features of Citizens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sara Azma

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Perception could provide the first or the most fundamental layer for recognition and hence, studying it should be prior to any other layer like layers of cultural world and especially, the real world. One of the categories, in which cognition becomes important, is the urban landscape and its designation to improve perceptual perceptions of audiences to enhance items such as sense of belonging and recognition of space and orientation. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate physical factors affecting urban bodies and its impact on perception and behavior of citizens and considering the gap in this field. Method: The method used in this study is interpretive and in form of qualitative analysis of available references on urban landscape and perception of citizens. The data collected through library research. The procedure is based on classification and content analysis in this study. Results: Landscaping and city walls could lead to emergence of perceptions such as perception of attractiveness and emotions of space, perception of identity and sense of belonging, perception of useful information, perception of hidden order and reagent of life stream, living at the streets, explicit transfer of performance message and perception of urban diversity in citizens. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study could lead to recognizing the relationship between designation and environmental psychology in designing urban landscape and desirable perception of citizens about the environment and the interaction between designation strategies in designing the facade that could finally lead to promotion of quality of the environment and mental comfort and satisfaction of citizens.

  4. The Central Valencian region in the context of the Neolithisation of the North-Western Mediterranean facade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García Atiénzar, Gabriel

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available The process of neolithisation of the Mediterranean facade of the Iberian Peninsula has traditionally been associated with the cardial paradigm of the french-iberian region. However, better knowledge of the material record from the north-western Mediterranean arc, the revision of various archaeological sites of the central Valencian region and observation of the patterns of occupation and exploitation of territory in the western Mediterranean allow us to propose a process of Neolithic introduction that is more complex than previously thought and be linked with the world of the Mediterranean impressed pottery.

    El proceso de neolitización de la fachada mediterránea peninsular se ha asociado tradicionalmente al paradigma cardial del ámbito franco-ibérico. No obstante, el mejor conocimiento del registro material del arco noroccidental mediterráneo, la revisión de diversos conjuntos arqueológicos de las comarcas centromeridionales valencianas y la observación de los patrones de ocupación y explotación del territorio en el Mediterráneo occidental permiten proponer un proceso de implantación neolítica más complejo del considerado hasta ahora que se puede enlazar con el mundo de la ceramica impressa mediterránea.

  5. Solar control: comparison of two new systems with the state of the art on the basis of a new general evaluation method for facades with venetian blinds or other solar control systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kuhn, T.E. [Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg (Germany)

    2006-06-15

    The author has developed two new sun-shading systems together with two different companies. These systems are compared with state of the art products on the basis of the new general evaluation method for facades with venetian blinds or other solar control systems that has been presented in detail in [T.E. Kuhn, Solar control: a general evaluation method for facades with venetian blinds or other solar control systems to be used 'stand-alone' or within building simulation programs, Energy Buildings, in press]. The main advantage is that the method can take into account realistic user behaviour (different utilisation modes). Without the new methodology, it would not have been possible to recognise the weaknesses of products which are currently on the market. This recognition was the basis for the design of the two new products: 1. The new stainless steel blind s-enn(Registered Trademark) selectively shields certain regions of the sky. This leads to a transparent appearance while direct insolation of the room and the associated glare is prevented in most cases. 2. The special shape of the 'Genius slats' of a new venetian blind ensures good sun-shading properties which are relatively independent of the actual setting of the slats over broad ranges, which ensures robust performance despite so-called 'faulty operation'. In other words: The performance of the new venetian blind is relatively insensitive to different utilisation modes. (author)

  6. Design and Performance of Test Cells as an Energy Evaluation Model of Facades in a Mediterranean Building Area

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available The current European energy policies have an influence on the need to rehabilitate the housing stock in order to meet the objectives of the European Union. Most of this housing stock was built without any type of energy regulation in adverse technical and economic conditions and thus is now energetically obsolete. The major rehabilitation effort required must be approached through actions based on previous quantitative energy knowledge of the existing buildings in order to guarantee the efficiency of energy-retrofitted solutions. This assessment can be carried out through monitoring dwellings conditioned by use patterns; through simulation programs, which do not usually offer faithful representations of energy conditions; or by using test cells, which allow us to evaluate a controlled indoor environment without the influence of users. The objective of this paper is to present the design and performance of test cells as an experimental method for vertical facade analysis in order to tackle the problem of retrofitting residential buildings in a Mediterranean climate, taking into account energy and environment. With this equipment, efficiency and energy savings, as well as illumination and interior air quality, can be simultaneously and comprehensively evaluated.

  7. Slutrapport september 2017

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, Lea; Lyneborg Lund, Rolf

    , særligt i forhold til udviklingen af det kvantitative element, hvortil Rolf Lyneborg Lund har udviklet et program til Stata, som kan håndtere og operationalisere processen med udviklingen af data fraSurveyXact fra et todimensionalt koordinatsystem til en læsevenlig roset, som samtaleværktøj for læreren...

  8. Evaluation of simplified ventilation system with direct air supply through the facade in a school in a cold climate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mysen, M. [Norwegian Building Research Institute, Blindern, Oslo (Norway); Department of Energy and Process Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway); Schild, P. G.; Hellstrand, V.; Thunshelle, K. [Norwegian Building Research Institute, Blindern, Oslo (Norway)

    2004-07-01

    Many educational buildings in industrialised countries have poor indoor climate, according to today's knowledge about the impact of indoor climate on well-being and productivity. Budget restrictions and practical limitations such as lack of space for central air handling units and ventilation ducts, have motivated the application of simplified ventilation systems in some schools, such as taking unconditioned supply air directly from the facade. One such school was recently evaluated in Norway. On cold days, thermal comfort in the classroom deteriorated due to cold down draught from the supply outlet. In addition, moist and fertile conditions for microbiological growth were observed in the air supply ductwork. On the other hand the same pupils are more satisfied with the school and have less sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms during winter than summer. An improved control strategy with a temperature-compensated CO{sub 2} set-point for controlling the air flow is suggested. This could improve thermal comfort and reduce energy use without compromising perceived air quality (PAQ) during cold weather. Furthermore it could improve indoor air quality (IAQ) during warm weather with only a slight increase of energy use. Further evaluation of an improved solution is needed before such a ventilation concept can be recommended in cold climates. (author)

  9. Inspection method as a tool for 'Bouwtransport'. Quality of building facade determines the functioning of installations; Ontwikkelde inspectiemethodiek Bouwtransport kan helpen. Kwaliteit gebouwschil bepaalt functioneren installaties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ten Bolscher, G.H. [DWA installatie- en energieadvies, Bodegraven (Netherlands)

    2012-02-15

    Buildings that have energy efficient or sustainable energy systems with low temperature heating have high demands when it comes to the constructional quality. Defects in the building facade often cause comfort complaints resulting from draught or cold radiation. To support local authorities and construction parties, the Dutch province of North Holland developed an inspection method: BouwTransparant. This instrument supports local authorities, environmental agencies and construction parties in realizing the EPC requirements. [Dutch] Gebouwen met energie-efficiente of duurzame energiesystemen met lage-temperatuurverwarming stellen hoge eisen aan de bouwkundige kwaliteit. Gebreken in de gebouwschil veroorzaken vaak comfortklachten door tocht of koudestraling. Om gemeenten en bouwende partijen te ondersteunen heeft de provincie Noord-Holland een inspectiemethodiek ontwikkeld: BouwTransparant. Dit is een instrument om gemeenten, milieudiensten en bouwende partijen te ondersteunen bij de realisatie van de EPC-eisen.

  10. a New Approach for the Semi-Automatic Texture Generation of the Buildings Facades, from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oniga, E.

    2012-07-01

    The result of the terrestrial laser scanning is an impressive number of spatial points, each of them being characterized as position by the X, Y and Z co-ordinates, by the value of the laser reflectance and their real color, expressed as RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values. The color code for each LIDAR point is taken from the georeferenced digital images, taken with a high resolution panoramic camera incorporated in the scanner system. In this article I propose a new algorithm for the semiautomatic texture generation, using the color information, the RGB values of every point that has been taken by terrestrial laser scanning technology and the 3D surfaces defining the buildings facades, generated with the Leica Cyclone software. The first step is when the operator defines the limiting value, i.e. the minimum distance between a point and the closest surface. The second step consists in calculating the distances, or the perpendiculars drawn from each point to the closest surface. In the third step we associate the points whose 3D coordinates are known, to every surface, depending on the limiting value. The fourth step consists in computing the Voronoi diagram for the points that belong to a surface. The final step brings automatic association between the RGB value of the color code and the corresponding polygon of the Voronoi diagram. The advantage of using this algorithm is that we can obtain, in a semi-automatic manner, a photorealistic 3D model of the building.

  11. Un estudio sobre el mejoramiento del inventario de edificios sociales con énfasis en la rehabilitación de fachadas A study towards improving of social housing stock with a focus on facade renewal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Flach

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Una parte del stock de habitación social en Brasil tiene problemas de conservación. La depreciación de las construcciones, especialmente en el caso de grandes conjuntos habitacionales, provoca la pérdida de calidad del entorno, con importantes consecuencias sociales y económicas para sus moradores y hasta para la región donde están ubicados. La rehabilitación predial es una acción importante para recuperar la calidad de vida. El aumento de la vida útil de las edificaciones también suele crear una reducción en la generación de basuras de construcción y demolición. Uno de los aspectos más importantes es la fachada, que influencia el valor de los inmuebles y la propia percepción de la sociedad sobre sus moradores. En ese trabajo se presenta un estudio que incluyo ampliación y renovación de fachadas en un conjunto habitacional social en San Leopoldo, ciudad al sur de Brasil.Some part of the stock of social housing in Brazil has deteriorted due to lack of maintenance. The depreciation of these constructions, especially in the case of housing projects, reduces the quality of environment, with social and economic consequences for inhabitants, and also for the region. Building renewal is an important action to recover the lost quality of the life. The increase in life time of housing may also reduce the construction and demolition waste production. One of the most important aspects is the facade, which influences the value of the property and the perception of the society about the inhabitants. This work presents a study of improving and facade renewal of social housing in Sao Leopoldo, a southern Brazilian city.

  12. The effect of building façade on natural lighting (Case study: Building of phinisi tower UNM)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jamala, Nurul

    2017-04-01

    Utilization of natural lighting is one factor to lower the energy consumption of a building. Model building facade effect on natural light sources that can be absorbed into the building. UNM Phinisi Tower Building is a metaphor for the display of boats phinisi using Hiperbolic paraboloid facade which is futuristic sophistication of the application of science and technology, so that this object that is the focus of research on the effects on the building facade natural lighting. A quantitative research methods using Autodesk Echotech program to determine the value of the building into the natural lighting illuminance, either by using the facade and do not. The aim of research is to determine the percentage utilization of natural light into the building using a building facade. The study concluded the decline percentage in the value of the illuminance after the building using the building facade is 49% -74% and a mean value of 60.3%, so it can be concluded that the building facade effects on the natural lighting.

  13. VirtuelGalathea 3. Slutrapport

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hasager, Charlotte Bay

    Galathea cooperate with skilled teachers in order to provide educational material across several disciplines with focus on the physical sciences. The homepage vg3.dk contains material which includes 54 new projects developed in 2007-2011 in VirtuelGalathea3 and 40 developed in the Satellite Eye project...

  14. Propuesta de arquitectura para una Red Móvil de Nueva Generación

    OpenAIRE

    Omaira Parada; Marco A. Hernández; Arturo López; Leticia Betts; Uriel Berdeja; Luis Martínez

    2006-01-01

    El paradigma actual de las comunicaciones espera que un usuario sea capaz de acceder a sus servicios independientemente de su localización de una manera transparente. La terminal del usuario podría ser capaz de elegir la mejor tecnología de acceso (Ad hoc, Ethernet, Celulares, etc.) en su ubicación actual y utilizar esta tecnología de una manera transparente para la provisión del servicio deseado. Esta homogeneidad, alta velocidad, seguridad, multi-servicio, redes multi-operador, está siendo ...

  15. Systems of ventilated facades Системы вентилируемых фасадов

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhukov Alexei Dmitriuevich

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Application of ventilated facades makes it possible to cover the facades with advanced finishing materials, to improve the thermal protection properties of the envelope, and to protect the structure from adverse impacts of the atmosphere. Structures and separate elements of systems of facades, including facing products, various coatings, thermal insulation materials and sub-facing structures are considered in the article. Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of various ventilated facades is also provided. Systems of facades, designed in accordance with the principle of suspended ventilated facades, assure the protection of external walls from any weather-related impacts and temperature fluctuations. They may be mounted 12 months a year, and the process is not accompanied by any "wet" procedures. The thermal insulation material of the system is well protected; it remains dry and retains its properties to reduce heating costs. This type of facades is applicable in earthquake zones where the magnitude intensity may reach nine points. The presence of a ventilated air gap may substantially improve the humidity conditions of the thermal insulation layer. In this event, the condensation area is shifted into the outward layer of thermal insulation adjacent to the ventilated air gap. The outward position of the thermal insulation layer improves the thermal storage capacity of the wall. In the Russian Federation, stiff mineral cotton mats made of moisture-resistant and water-repellent mineral (rock or glass wool are used for thermal insulation purposes. Whenever a thermal insulation material is selected, attention must be paid to potential vibrations in the ventilated gap of the structure, where strong air flows may be generated. There are two basic solutions available: one represents the use of cashed heat-insulation materials that have a membrane attached to the surface of the mineral wool, the other type of non-cashed material has a membrane spread

  16. Medida de espessura de filmes finos com interferometro de haidinger

    OpenAIRE

    Elisabeth Andreoli de Oliveira

    1987-01-01

    Resumo: Apresentamos um método não destrutivo para medida de espessura de filmes finos transparentes depositados em substratos transparentes, usando um interferômetro de Haidinger. A partir das frações de interferência, medidas para vários comprimentos de onda, e do índice de refração para um único comprimento de onda, determinamos a espessura do filme e sua dispersão cromática, através de um procedimento analítico-numérico Abstract: We introduce a non-destructive method for the thickness ...

  17. The LIGHTVAN: Mobile light laboratory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Truus Hordijk

    2014-11-01

    Several passe-partouts are available for building physics measurements of different facades sizes in order to allow test-subjects to indicate their preferences for specific facades in terms of comfort.

  18. Phonological awareness: Cross-linguistic comparisons with a focus on Spanish

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amanda Clinton

    2011-01-01

    procesos fundamentales de lectura según el idioma del alumno. Se presta especial atención a los contrastes entre el idioma Inglés que es relativamente opaco y otros idiomas que son mas transparentes, con un enfoque específico en el español. El Análisis de la literatura indica un desarrollo más pronunciado curvar en idiomas como el español, aunque los procesos son similares. Resultados ponen de relieve la forma en el que una lengua materna más opaca podría informar el aprendizaje de un Segundo y más transparente idioma.

  19. THE EFFECT OF BUILDING FAÇADE MODEL ON LIGHT DISTRIBUTION (CASE STUDY: MENARA PHINISI BUILDING OF UNM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nurul Jamala

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Global warming issues influence the temperature of the earth surface. It is an impact on energy consumption, especially in buildings. Utilization of daylight is one of the factors that need to be considered, in order to minimize energy consumption as a source of artificial lighting. This study analyzed the distribution of light on the Menara Phinisi building of Makassar State University. Quantitative research method that is to describe the data of simulation in Autodesk Ecotect program. The research objective was to determine the effect of the building facade model on the value of illumination inside the building. Results of the study concluded that the decrease percentage of the distribution of light on the building facade using and not using the facade is 3,16% or 236 lux. Distribution of light in horizontal and diagonal facade models differ in the amount of 2,5%. Design analysis of the building serves as a guide for analyzing the influence of the building facade model so that it can create energy efficient buildings.

  20. Extraction and Simplification of Building Façade Pieces from Mobile Laser Scanner Point Clouds for 3D Street View Services

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yan Li

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Extraction and analysis of building façades are key processes in the three-dimensional (3D building reconstruction and realistic geometrical modeling of the urban environment, which includes many applications, such as smart city management, autonomous navigation through the urban environment, fly-through rendering, 3D street view, virtual tourism, urban mission planning, etc. This paper proposes a building facade pieces extraction and simplification algorithm based on morphological filtering with point clouds obtained by a mobile laser scanner (MLS. First, this study presents a point cloud projection algorithm with high-accuracy orientation parameters from the position and orientation system (POS of MLS that can convert large volumes of point cloud data to a raster image. Second, this study proposes a feature extraction approach based on morphological filtering with point cloud projection that can obtain building facade features in an image space. Third, this study designs an inverse transformation of point cloud projection to convert building facade features from an image space to a 3D space. A building facade feature with restricted facade plane detection algorithm is implemented to reconstruct façade pieces for street view service. The results of building facade extraction experiments with large volumes of point cloud from MLS show that the proposed approach is suitable for various types of building facade extraction. The geometric accuracy of building façades is 0.66 m in x direction, 0.64 in y direction and 0.55 m in the vertical direction, which is the same level as the space resolution (0.5 m of the point cloud.

  1. Interactive Coherence-Based Façade Modeling

    KAUST Repository

    Musialski, Przemyslaw; Wimmer, Michael; Wonka, Peter

    2012-01-01

    We propose a novel interactive framework for modeling building facades from images. Our method is based on the notion of coherence-based editing which allows exploiting partial symmetries across the facade at any level of detail. The proposed

  2. Numerical investigation of the energy saving potential of a semi-transparent photovoltaic double-skin facade in a cool-summer Mediterranean climate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peng, Jinqing; Curcija, Dragan C.; Lu, Lin; Selkowitz, Stephen E.; Yang, Hongxing; Zhang, Weilong

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A comprehensive simulation model has been developed to predict the overall energy performance of PV-DSF. • Sensitivity analyses of air gap depths were conducted and the optimal air gap depth was identified. • The overall energy performance and energy saving potential of the PV-DSF was evaluated. • A comparative study was conducted between the PV-DSF and other commonly used window technologies. - Abstract: This paper presents the annual overall energy performance and energy-saving potential of a ventilated photovoltaic double-skin facade (PV-DSF) in a cool-summer Mediterranean climate zone. A numerical simulation model based on EnergyPlus was utilized to simulate the PV-DSF overall energy performance, simultaneously taking into account thermal power and daylight. Based on numerical model, sensitivity analyses about air gap width and ventilation modes have been lead in Berkeley (California) with the aim to optimize unit’s structure design and operational strategy of PV-DSF. Via simulation, the overall energy performance including thermal, power and daylighting of the optimized PV-DSF was evaluated using the typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data. It was found that per unit area of the proposed PV-DSF was able to generate about 65 kW h electricity yearly. If high efficiency cadmium telluride (CdTe) semi-transparent PV modules are adopted, the annual energy output could be even doubled. The PV-DSF studied, also featured good thermal and daylighting performances. The PV-DSF can effectively block solar radiation while still providing considerable daylighting illuminance. Due simply to excellent overall energy performance, a PV-DSF at Berkeley can reduce net electricity use by about 50% compared with other commonly used glazing systems. Efficiency improvements of semi-transparent PV modules would further increase the energy saving potential of a PV-DSF and thus making this technology more promising.

  3. Interactive Coherence-Based Façade Modeling

    KAUST Repository

    Musialski, Przemyslaw

    2012-05-01

    We propose a novel interactive framework for modeling building facades from images. Our method is based on the notion of coherence-based editing which allows exploiting partial symmetries across the facade at any level of detail. The proposed workflow mixes manual interaction with automatic splitting and grouping operations based on unsupervised cluster analysis. In contrast to previous work, our approach leads to detailed 3d geometric models with up to several thousand regions per facade. We compare our modeling scheme to others and evaluate our approach in a user study with an experienced user and several novice users.

  4. Combining the 3D model generated from point clouds and thermography to identify the defects presented on the facades of a building

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Yishuo; Chiang, Chih-Hung; Hsu, Keng-Tsang

    2018-03-01

    Defects presented on the facades of a building do have profound impacts on extending the life cycle of the building. How to identify the defects is a crucial issue; destructive and non-destructive methods are usually employed to identify the defects presented on a building. Destructive methods always cause the permanent damages for the examined objects; on the other hand, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been widely applied to detect those defects presented on exterior layers of a building. However, NDT methods cannot provide efficient and reliable information for identifying the defects because of the huge examination areas. Infrared thermography is often applied to quantitative energy performance measurements for building envelopes. Defects on the exterior layer of buildings may be caused by several factors: ventilation losses, conduction losses, thermal bridging, defective services, moisture condensation, moisture ingress, and structure defects. Analyzing the collected thermal images can be quite difficult when the spatial variations of surface temperature are small. In this paper the authors employ image segmentation to cluster those pixels with similar surface temperatures such that the processed thermal images can be composed of limited groups. The surface temperature distribution in each segmented group is homogenous. In doing so, the regional boundaries of the segmented regions can be identified and extracted. A terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) is widely used to collect the point clouds of a building, and those point clouds are applied to reconstruct the 3D model of the building. A mapping model is constructed such that the segmented thermal images can be projected onto the 2D image of the specified 3D building. In this paper, the administrative building in Chaoyang University campus is used as an example. The experimental results not only provide the defect information but also offer their corresponding spatial locations in the 3D model.

  5. Energy forecast. Final report; Energiudsigten. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    2010-04-15

    A number of instruments, i.e. Internet, media campaigns, boxes displaying electricity prices (SEE1) and spot contract has been tested for households to shift their electricity consumption to times when prices are low. Of the implemented media campaigns, only the daily viewing of Energy forecast on TV had an impact. Consumers gained greater knowledge of electricity prices and electricity consumption loads, but only showed little interest in shifting electricity consumption. However, a measurable effect appeared at night with the group that had both concluded a spot contract and received an SEE1. These factors increase the awareness of the price of electricity and the possibility of shifting electricity consumption. (Energy 10)

  6. Environmentally safe system for treatment of bio corrosion of ETICS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Minarovičová Katarína

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Effects of microorganisms on building facades are responsible for aesthetic, bio-geophysical and biogeochemical deterioration. The process of cleaning of contaminated facades involves the removal and eradication of micro flora on the surface of insulation using chemical products, killing cells and eliminating all living mass, including organic ingredients. The removal of bio corrosion coating from ETICS structure by means of chemical and preservative substances (biocides is currently the only effective and most used technology. Uncontrolled leaching of the used biocides is unacceptable. Meantime, new technology for environmentally safe maintenance of ETICS is needed. Scientists have been working on replacement the biocides currently used in facades treatment with eco-friendly biocides that have no negative effects on the environment or human beings. While the eco- treatment will be available, safe dewatering of chemicals being leached from the surface of the facade could be provided by e.g. special drain systems adjusted to the building type, use and age. The paper gives an overview of the problem in context of Slovakia and examples of leaching systems designed for new and renovated buildings.

  7. Nanocomposites transparentes multifuncionales de hidróxido doble laminares

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Vilaber, Antonio

    2017-01-01

    Este trabajo trata sobre obtener una serie de materiales nanocompuestos en forma de película para usarlos como plásticos de invernadero. Para ello se sintetizarán hidróxidos dobles laminares modificados con un agente blanqueante óptico que mejorará las propiedades ópticas del material Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

  8. Modern building envelope. Autentic optics. Emporio Tower, Hamburg; Moderne Gebaeudehuelle. Authentische Optik. Emporio Tower, Hamburg

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    2012-10-15

    The former Unilever skyscraper in Hamburg (Federal Republic of Germany) was retrofitted completely. Due to a regulatory submission, the original image of this architectural landmark from the early 1960ies with the new facade should be retrofitted authentically. This submission was fulfilled by means of an highly energetic efficient ''compact double facade''.

  9. Resultados refractivos obtenidos mediante la cirugía del cristalino transparente en altas miopías Refractive outcomes in the transparent crystalline surgery to treat high myopia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Andújar Coba

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte longitudinal donde se incluyeron 212 pacientes (ojos con diagnóstico de altas miopías que fueron sometidos a cirugía facorrefractiva en el Servicio de Microcirugía del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" en el período de tiempo comprendido entre abril del 2001 y abril del 2006. OBJETIVOS: Valorar los resultados refractivos obtenidos mediante la cirugía del cristalino transparente en altas miopías, analizando los índices de seguridad y eficacia del procedimiento. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva como el cálculo de frecuencias absolutas, relativas (%, y desviación estándar para presentar resultados evolutivos y la incidencia de complicaciones. La información se obtuvo de las evaluaciones preoperatorias y posoperatorias (3 meses,todo fue procesado en el sistema SPSS para Windows y se presentó en forma de tablas y gráficos para su mejor entendimiento. RESULTADOS: En nuestro trabajo encontramos en el preoperatorio que la agudeza visual promedio sin corrección mejoraba de un valor de 0,2 a 0,7 en el posoperatorio, la seguridad del proceder quirúrgico fue calculada en un índice de 2 , con una eficacia de tres líneas de ganancia promedio en la cartilla de Snellen y un astigmatismo promedio inducido de 0,74 dioptrías. CONCLUSIONES: Se halló mejoría indudable de la agudeza visual con corrección y sin ella después de la cirugía. La eficacia y seguridad del proceder quirúrgico fue más que demostrada con el alto porcentaje de pacientes que quedaron con una AVsc satisfactoria posquirúrgica. Identificamos la opacidad de cápsula posterior como la complicación más frecuente en afáquicos. En los pacientes a los cuales no se les implantó lente intraocular encontramos el mayor número de complicaciones posquirúrgicas.INTRODUCTION: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 212

  10. From “Green Building” to Architecture Integrated with Nature: Regeneration principle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Logvinov

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The article analyses different approaches to ‘green building’ and architecture integrated with nature. It gives definition to the regeneration principle and observes the genesis of world and national experience in roof- and facade greening and ‘hanging gardens’. The article denounces myths and misbeliefs that prevent the wide application of green roofs and facades in Russia.

  11. Digitization of Blocks and Virtual Anastylosis of AN Antique Facade in Pont-Sainte (france)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alby, E.; Grussenmeyer, P.; Bitard, L.; Guillemin, S.; Brunet-Gaston, V.; Gaston, C.; Rougier, R.

    2017-08-01

    This paper is dedicated to the digitization of blocks and virtual anastylosis of an antique façade in Pont-Sainte-Maxence (France). In 2014 during the construction of a shopping center, the National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP) discovered a Gallo-Roman site from the 2nd century AD. The most interesting part of the site for the study is a façade of 70 meters long by nearly 10 meters high. The state of the conservation of the blocks of the façade makes them exceptional due to the question raised by the collapse. Representative and symbolic blocks of this building have been selected for a virtual anastylosis study. The blocks discovered belong to different types: decorated architectural blocks, monumental statuary elements and details of very fine decorations. The digital reproduction of the façade will facilitate the formulation of hypothesis for the collapse of the structure. The Photogrammetry and Geomatics Group from INSA Strasbourg is in charge of the digitization, the anastylosis and the development of exploratory methods for understanding the ruin of the façade. To develop the three-dimensional model of the facade, approximately 70 blocks of various dimensions were chosen by the archaeologists. The choice of the digitization technique is made according to the following pragmatic criterion: the movable objects are acquired with a scan-arm or a hand-held scanner in the laboratory and the largest blocks are recorded by photogrammetry at the repository near Paris. The expected types of deliverables are multiple: very accurate 3D models with the most faithful representation to document the objects in the best way and with optimized size model allowing easy handling during anastylosis tests. The visual aspect of the models is also a very important issue. Indeed, textures from photos are an excellent way to bring about the realism of the virtual model, but fine details of the object are sometimes blurred by the uniformity of the color

  12. Laboratorio de Metrología - LABM

    OpenAIRE

    Jaramillo Ch., Zaira J.

    2011-01-01

    esos y transacciones de forma transparente y justa para todas las partes involucradas. Una herramienta necesaria para este propósito es la Metrología, ciencia que es utilizada en el Laboratorio de Metrología (LABM) del Centro Experimenta

  13. Energy analysis of an improved concept of integrated PV panels in an office building in central Greece

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zogou, Olympia; Stapountzis, Herricos [University of Thessaly, Mechanical Engineering Department, Volos (Greece)

    2011-03-15

    During the last decade, steel constructions with glazed facades became popular for commercial buildings in Greece. Moreover, expensive metal, natural stone, marble, ceramic, granite as well as special glass is employed for aesthetic and energy efficiency reasons. This creates opportunities for the introduction of Photovoltaic (PV) modules in double facades. PV modules on south-facing building walls are better placed at a distance from the wall to allow heat rejection and avoid overheating and efficiency loss. Exploiting the rejected heat of the PV modules is also a challenge. In this paper, we examine an improved concept of incorporating PV modules to the south facades of an office building, exploiting both the electricity produced and the heat rejected by the module, to increase building energy efficiency. The PV modules are integrated to the building wall by means of a double facade, which employs intervening ducts for ventilation purposes. The ducts are heating outdoor air, which is employed to cover the ventilation needs of the building, as well as a part of the heating loads. Simulations for typical winter and summer weather and solar insolation conditions are carried out to investigate the building's energy performance improvements. (author)

  14. Energy analysis of an improved concept of integrated PV panels in an office building in central Greece

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zogou, Olympia; Stapountzis, Herricos

    2011-01-01

    During the last decade, steel constructions with glazed facades became popular for commercial buildings in Greece. Moreover, expensive metal, natural stone, marble, ceramic, granite as well as special glass is employed for aesthetic and energy efficiency reasons. This creates opportunities for the introduction of Photovoltaic (PV) modules in double facades. PV modules on south-facing building walls are better placed at a distance from the wall to allow heat rejection and avoid overheating and efficiency loss. Exploiting the rejected heat of the PV modules is also a challenge. In this paper, we examine an improved concept of incorporating PV modules to the south facades of an office building, exploiting both the electricity produced and the heat rejected by the module, to increase building energy efficiency. The PV modules are integrated to the building wall by means of a double facade, which employs intervening ducts for ventilation purposes. The ducts are heating outdoor air, which is employed to cover the ventilation needs of the building, as well as a part of the heating loads. Simulations for typical winter and summer weather and solar insolation conditions are carried out to investigate the building's energy performance improvements.

  15. Anything but 'yodel architecture'. Plus energy house with photovoltaics, heat pump and mountain panorama; Alles andere als 'Jodelarchitektur'. Plusenergiehaus mit Photovoltaik, Waermepumpe und Bergpanorama

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karweger, Andreas

    2013-06-01

    The author of the contribution under consideration has built an energy-autarkic house in the South Tyrolean mountains. This house has an energy-efficient design and gets its power from a photovoltaic power plant on the roof. On the broad south facade as well as on the narrow east and west facades of this house there are large glass fronts that capture the solar energy in winter.

  16. Ensayo de aislamiento acústico a ruido aéreo de los cerramientos exteriores y particiones realizados con paneles de madera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pacios Álvarez, Antonia

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available The house prototype of the Provisional Emergency House System uses wood and its derivatives for the facades, floor structure, roofing and partitions.  The extensive use of wooden panels for the construction and the lack of data, in Spain, about their acoustic behavior bring up the necessity to make in situ measurements of the acoustic isolation to airborne sound. Panels used for facades and partitions are built with a wooden framework and membrane of oriented strand board in both sides, for the facades, and of laminated plaster boards for the inner partitions. With the objective of verifying the sound insulation of the facades according to Spanish Standard UNE EN ISO 140-5, in situ measurements of airborne sound insulation of facade elements and facades have been made; according to Spanish Standard UNE EN ISO 140-4, in situ measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms for internal walls have also been made. The procedure of the global insulation has been followed to measure the acoustic insulation of complete facades without making distinction between the elements that form it.El prototipo de vivienda del Sistema de Vivienda Provisional de Emergencia utiliza principalmente la madera y sus derivados tanto en los cerramientos y particiones como en el forjado y la cubierta. El empleo de soluciones constructivas ligeras y la falta de datos en España acerca del comportamiento acústico de los mismos plantea la necesidad de realizar mediciones in situ del aislamiento acústico a ruido aéreo. El panel base de cerramiento y particiones se construye partiendo de un entramado de montantes de madera con membrana en ambas caras de tableros de virutas de madera orientadas, para el caso de los cerramientos exteriores, y de tableros laminados de yeso para las particiones interiores. Con el objeto de comprobar el aislamiento acústico de dichos cerramiento se han realizado ensayos siguiendo la Norma UNE EN ISO 140-5 para la medición in situ del

  17. Las fachadas verdes como herramienta pasiva de ahorro energético en el bloque administrativo de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, seccional Montería

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lina María Muñoz Campillo

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Due to their structural technology the green facades positively influence the sustainability of the buildings as well as saving energy, as they decrease the warming effect and mitigate solar radiation. This research paper is based on the role of vegetation as a passive method of saving energy in the Pontifical Universidad Bolivarian University’s administrative building in Montería. According to the results these types of facades are more effective than those that use different materials. They work in a similar way to ventilated facades, and it is for this reason that they should be considered as appropriate tools to change the thermal interior atmosphere in the building that is the object of study, given their location in an area with a hot and humid climate.

  18. The early design stage for building renovation with a novel loop-heat-pipe based solar thermal facade (LHP-STF) heat pump water heating system: Techno-economic analysis in three European climates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Xingxing; Shen, Jingchun; Adkins, Deborah; Yang, Tong; Tang, Llewellyn; Zhao, Xudong; He, Wei; Xu, Peng; Liu, Chenchen; Luo, Huizhong

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • LHP-STF was evaluated from both technical and economic aspects for three EU climates. • The impact of LHP-STF on the overall building socio-energy performance was explored. • A dedicated business model was developed to study the economic feasibility of LHP-STF. • Three fundamental methods for financial measurement of LHP-STF were analysed. • Four investment options were considered in this business model. - Abstract: Most of the building renovation plans are usually decided in the early design stage. This delicate phase contains the greatest opportunity to achieve the high energy performance buildings after refurbishment. It is therefore important to provide the pertinent energy performance information for the designers or decision-makers from multidisciplinary and comparative points of view. This paper investigates the renovation concept of a novel loop-heat-pipe based solar thermal facade (LHP-STF) installed on a reference residential building by technical evaluation and economic analysis in three typical European climates, including North Europe (represented by Stockholm), West Europe (represented by London) and South Europe (represented by Madrid). The aim of this paper is firstly to explore the LHP-STF’s sensitivity with regards to the overall building socio-energy performance and secondly to study the LHP-STF’s economic feasibility by developing a dedicated business model. The reference building model was derived from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) commercial buildings research, in which the energy data for the building models were from the ASHRAE codes and other standard practices. The financial data were collected from the European statistic institute and the cost of system was based on the manufactured prototype. Several critical financial indexes were applied to evaluate the investment feasibility of the LHP-STF system in building renovation, such as Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), and the modified internal

  19. Muusika / Valner Valme

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Valme, Valner, 1970-

    2005-01-01

    Uutest heliplaatidest Jamiroquai "Dynamite", Wallflowers "Rebel, Sweetheart", Corgan, Billy "The Future Embrace", Mariza "Transparente", Turin Brakes "JackinABox", Hellacopters "Rock& Roll is Dead", Belle & Sebastian "Push bar To Open Old", Farmer, Mylene "Avant Guel'ombre", Kreck "If You Live", Dream Theater "Octavarium"

  20. Slutrapport: GNU- Grænseoverskridenden nordisk undervisning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gynther, Karsten

    2015-01-01

    education that formally and mentally can motivate Nordic students to continue their studies and / or work in another Nordic country. The development of cross-border parallel teaching forms supported by new technologies in primary education is seen as a pioneering project that can inspire others to develop......The GNU project has establishes cross-border cooperation between Nordic schools and school classes. More than 1000 students and their teachers have planned and carried out joint cross-border education in the subjects of language, science, history /social studies and mathematics supported by new...... technologies. Specifically, a series of virtual "Nordic classes", have been established, where Swedish, Norwegian and Danish students have been taught simultaneously by a common group of Nordic teachers. The project has establishes a cooperation between educational institutions and students from the ÖKS...

  1. Intelligent Facades in Buildings Facades of local Office Buildings - Case Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Al-Qaraghuli Anwar Subhi

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In order to meet the functional performance and requirements on the environmental, ecological, social and aesthetical aspects, it became a necessity to develop another options of building that would be more efficient in the provision of those requirements, so a new generation have appeared called “Smart Buildings” or “Intelligent Buildings” with their sophisticated parts and various details, one of those essential parts is the “Intelligent Façade” for it’s being the essential and primary defensive line for the building against the environmental and climatic variations.This research focused on presenting the most clearly and comprehensive perception of the intelligent façades, in a manner that serves the ability of the designer to apply them in his designs or while developing an existing façades in local (Iraqi office buildings.To achieve such goal, it has been a necessity to adopt a descriptive and analytical Method for the previous knowledge and take a sequential researching steps, the first step was to build a comprehensive theoretical framework by defining the intelligent façade. Down to abstracting three main vocabularies of the theoretical framework represented by: integrated intelligent façade design, intelligent façade techniques, and effective response.The next research steps focused on applying the vocabularies of the theoretical framework on the elected local office buildings that have been adopted the matter of intelligent façades in one of their forms, and then analyze/discuss the results of the applicable study, to be able to draw the final conclusions, and by this the research presented a determined recommendations.

  2. Multifunctional outer wall systems; Multifunktionale Aussenwandsysteme

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hahne, E.; Twerdy, C. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany); Pfluger, R. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Thermodynamik und Waermetechnik

    1998-02-01

    Facades will have a multitude of functions in the future. All of them will be energy-oriented and overall energy balances considering production, utilization and destruction will become an important factor. For a detached house and multiple dwelling, examples of facade constructions and appliances are discussed. A `Solar Wall` facade provides preheating of combustion air in a combined heating/power station. Progressive facade elements are being investigated in so-called `Test Cells` for determining their heat transfer coefficient (k), their heat capacity (C) and their energy transport factor (g). PV modules are investigated in such cells in order to work out European Rules for the testing of PV-hybrid components. (orig.) [Deutsch] Fassaden werden in Zukunft eine Vielzahl von Funktionen zu erfuellen haben. Alle werden letztlich energieorientiert sein; gesamtheitliche Betrachtungen von der Produktion ueber die Nutzung bis zur Entsorgung werden eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Fuer ein Ein- und Mehrfamilienhaus werden Beispiele fuer die Fassadenkonstruktion und Geraetschaften angefuehrt. In einem Fernheizkraftwerk dient eine `Solarwand` zur Vorwaermung der Verbrennungsluft. Fortschrittliche Fassaden-Elemente werden in sogenannten Testzellen untersucht hinsichtlich ihres Gesamtwaermedurchgangskoeffizienten, ihrer Waermekapazitaet und ihres Gesamtenergie-Durchlassgrads. PV-Module werden gegenwaertig in diesen Zellen untersucht, um Testregeln fuer PV-Hybridkomponenten fuer die Europaeische Union auszuarbeiten. (orig.)

  3. Integrated Thermal-Energy Analysis of Innovative Translucent White Marble for Building Envelope Application

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Federica Rosso

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Marble is a natural material, used in the construction field since antiquity. It has always been used to communicate monumentality and solidity. Nowadays new technologies permit marble to express new languages: particularly, translucent marble technology overturns the concept of solidity. The main issue to address is the lack of thermal-energy performance of such a thin stone layer as the only facade component. Conversely, Bianco Carrara and Statuario marbles, for instance, have intrinsic benefits as natural cool materials, due to their high solar reflectance and thermal emissivity. Thus, this paper analyzes the thermal-energy and environmental behavior of marble facade for a new designed building in New York City. An integrated analysis of the energy performance of the marble skin is performed through a preliminary experimental characterization, carried out for two different types of naturally white marble, for comparative purposes. Then, a dynamic simulation model of the building is developed to evaluate year-round benefits and drawbacks of the translucent marble envelope in terms of indoor thermal comfort and air-conditioning requirement. The analysis showed how the proposed marble facade is able to decrease the energy requirement for cooling up to 6%, demonstrating possible relevant perspectives for marble-based facades, even in energy-efficient buildings.

  4. Assessing the Cooling Benefits of Tree Shade by an Outdoor Urban Physical Scale Model at Tempe, AZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qunshan Zhao

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Urban green infrastructure, especially shade trees, offers benefits to the urban residential environment by mitigating direct incoming solar radiation on building facades, particularly in hot settings. Understanding the impact of different tree locations and arrangements around residential properties has the potential to maximize cooling and can ultimately guide urban planners, designers, and homeowners on how to create the most sustainable urban environment. This research measures the cooling effect of tree shade on building facades through an outdoor urban physical scale model. The physical scale model is a simulated neighborhood consisting of an array of concrete cubes to represent houses with identical artificial trees. We tested and compared 10 different tree densities, locations, and arrangement scenarios in the physical scale model. The experimental results show that a single tree located at the southeast of the building can provide up to 2.3 °C hourly cooling benefits to east facade of the building. A two-tree cluster arrangement provides more cooling benefits (up to 6.6 °C hourly cooling benefits to the central facade when trees are located near the south and southeast sides of the building. The research results confirm the cooling benefits of tree shade and the importance of wisely designing tree locations and arrangements in the built environment.

  5. Extraction of Vertical Walls from Mobile Laser Scanning Data for Solar Potential Assessment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Rutzinger

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available In recent years there has been an increasing demand among home owners for cost effective sustainable energy production such as solar energy to provide heating and electricity. A lot of research has focused on the assessment of the incoming solar radiation on roof planes acquired by, e.g., Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS. However, solar panels can also be mounted on building facades in order to increase renewable energy supply. Due to limited reflections of points from vertical walls, ALS data is not suitable to perform solar potential assessment of vertical building facades. This paper focuses on a new method for automatic solar radiation modeling of facades acquired by Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS and uses the full 3D information of the point cloud for both the extraction of vertical walls covered by the survey and solar potential analysis. Furthermore, a new method isintroduced determining the interior and exterior face, respectively, of each detected wall in order to calculate its slope and aspect angles that are of crucial importance for solar potential assessment. Shadowing effects of nearby objects are considered by computing the 3D horizon of each point of a facade segment within the 3D point cloud.

  6. Minimización del impacto ambiental en la ejecución de fachadas mediante el empleo de materiales reciclados

    OpenAIRE

    Marrero, Madelyn; Martínez Escobar, Luna; Leiva Fernández, Carlos; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar

    2013-01-01

    New recycled construction materials, developed by the authors among others, have been proposed in order to reduce the environmental and economical impact of the building facades. The model "Quantification of resources consumed in construction", by means of the bill of quantities which is based on the Andalusia Building Cost System, assesses the impact minimization. A real dwelling facade is analyzed, which is made of brick cladding and plasterboard, materials widely used in Andalusia, Spain. ...

  7. Højisolerede glashuse

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Johnsen, Kjeld; Schmidt, Henrik

    I rapporten beskrives, hvordan man ved udstrakt brug af højisolerende, transparente og translucente silica aerogelruder i bygningers klimaskærm kan udnytte den passive solvarme, så varmebehovet reduceres til ca. 15 pct. af dagens niveau. Gennem eksempler er undersøgt hvordan ruderne kan indpasses i...

  8. EFECTO DE DOS TIPOS DE FUNDAS SOBRE EL FRUTO DE BANANO (Musa AAA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Vargas-Calvo

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos fundas en la protección del racimo de banano (Musa AAA . En dos épocas climáticas (adversa y favorable bajo condiciones del Ca ribe de Costa Ri ca se evaluaron dos fundas: 1- azul Sa nta Lucía (bifentrina 0,1%, polie tileno de 12,7 ¿ de grosor, con perforaciones de 4 mm y 86,4 cm de ancho y 2- transparente con aditivos para filtrar la luz ultravioleta e infrarroja (bifentrina 0,1%, 20,3 ¿ de grosor, con perforaciones de 4 mm y 88,9 cm de ancho. El peso del racimo así como el grosor y la longitud del fruto central de la fila externa en la segunda, cuarta y sexta mano no difirieron (P> 0,0556 entre ambas fundas. Tampoco hubo diferencias entre estas en la apa rie ncia del racimo (P>0,4699 ni en la firmeza de la cáscara en grado 1 de maduración (P= 0,6268. En las varia bles de medición del color del fruto solamente L* presentó un valor (56,48 más alto (P=0,0109 con la funda transparente fotosensible, mie ntras que las otras dos varia bles relacionadas (a* y b* no fueron diferentes (P>0,1011 entre las fundas. El incremento adicional de 7,6 ¿ en el grosor del polie tileno de la funda transparente con respecto a la azul Sa nta Lucía, no ocasionó un incremento productivo ni una mejor apa rie ncia del racimo de banano y sus frutos.

  9. Study of the mechanical behavior of the fronts of exterior monuments in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alonso, E.; Martinez, W.; Avalos, M.; Castano, V.; Martinez, L.

    2005-01-01

    There are 1,130 architectural ancient monuments in the historic center in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico built with ignimbrites from the surrounding quarry stones. In some facades is acute the damage. The walls are between 0.50 and 1.50 meters wide, it helps the structure under seismic or accidental loads. The main winds come from the S-SW and their ratio speed (4-20 m/s) does not allow mechanical corrosion (corrosion) but it is able to carry anthropogenic particles (2-25 m), form the burnt of fossil fuels, and they lay on the facades. The damage is observed specially on the facades on the dominant winds and also on the facades located on streets less than 6.0 m wide. The capillary humidity is visible until highs of 2.0 meters on the streets, and it is appreciate the efflorescence crystals and biologic patinas. We performance non destructive tests in situ with the Schmidt hammer to quantify the mechanical resistance on the ignimbrite blocks forming the buildings, in the lowest part of them we took the data because the damage is acute in that wet zone and because in this part could occur the collapse in an extraordinary earthquake. The collected data were compared with the data obtained in ignimbrites blocks taken from the 'healthy' quarry stones. (Author)

  10. Determination of biocides as well as some biocide metabolites from facade run-off waters by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic separation and tandem mass spectrometry detection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bester, K; Lamani, X

    2010-08-06

    Biocides are used to protect buildings, boats, and other materials from microbial infestations. A huge variety of compounds are being used: isothiazolinones, e.g., to prevent bacterial growth in paints, triazines and phenylureas against algal growth on water exposed materials while carbamates are used against fungal investations. However these biocides can be leached from the respective materials. As these are very effective compounds it is important to know the concentrations of these biocides in the leachates as well as their leaching behaviour to assess their risk to the environment. In this study, a method for the determination of biocides from facade material run-off water by means of high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Due to the amphiphilic character and the expected varying pH-values in the samples, the extractions as well as the HPLC-method development proved to be demanding. The water samples (leachates) were buffered with a phosphate buffer to pH 7. As some of the biocides are very hydrophilic, different SPE cartridges were tested to identify the SPE material with the highest recovery rates for all compounds. For gaining a good separation, analyte trapping was performed on the HPLC column. Quantification was performed using a mass spectrometer in multi-reaction monitoring with two transitions per compound. The final recovery rates were conducted using a cartridge with a divenylbenzyl polymer sorbent. A combination of methanol and acetonitrile as eluents was used to reach recovery rates in the range of 70-100%. The limit of quantification for the compounds of interest ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 microg/L. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Normes comptables européennes du secteur public (EPSAS)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andernack, Isabelle; Pontoppidan, Caroline Aggestam

    2014-01-01

    Les EPSAS, adaptation des IFRS pour le secteur public, devraient fournir à terme des informations plus fiables et transparentes sur la situation et la performance financière des États de l’Union européenne - notamment sur leur niveau d’endettement et leurs engagements - sur la soutenabilité des...

  12. Liquid scintillation solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Long, E.C.

    1977-01-01

    A liquid scintillation solution is described which includes (1) a scintillation solvent (toluene and xylene), (2) a primary scintillation solute (PPO and Butyl PBD), (3) a secondary scintillation solute (POPOP and Dimethyl POPOP), (4) a plurality of substantially different surfactants and (5) a filter dissolving and/or transparentizing agent. 8 claims

  13. Uso de los antisépticos en atención primaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Isabel Gutiérrez Pérez

    2014-05-01

    Otro uso de los antisépticos es el cuidado de heridas producidas por la implantación de objetos dentro de la estética corporal (piercing y similares, siendo recomendable el empleo de antisépticos transparentes que permitan observar la evolución de la técnica.

  14. The research of contamination regularities of historical buildings and architectural monuments by methods of computer modeling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kuzmichev Andrey A.

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Due to the active step of urbanization and rapid development of industry the external appearance of buildings and architectural monuments of urban environment from visual ecology position requires special attention. Dust deposition by polluted atmospheric air is one of the key aspects of degradation of the facades of buildings. With the help of modern computer modeling methods it is possible to evaluate the impact of polluted atmospheric air on the external facades of the buildings in order to save them.

  15. Seismic and Power Generation Performance of U-Shaped Steel Connected PV-Shear Wall under Lateral Cyclic Loading

    OpenAIRE

    Zhang, Hongmei; Dong, Jinzhi; Duan, Yuanfeng; Lu, Xilin; Peng, Jinqing

    2014-01-01

    BIPV is now widely used in office and residential buildings, but its seismic performance still remained vague especially when the photovoltaic (PV) modules are installed on high-rise building facades. A new form of reinforced concrete shear wall integrated with photovoltaic module is proposed in this paper, aiming to apply PV module to the facades of high-rise buildings. In this new form, the PV module is integrated with the reinforced concrete wall by U-shaped steel connectors through embedd...

  16. Characteristic study of a novel compact Solar Thermal Facade (STF) with internally extruded pin–fin flow channel for building integration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shen, Jingchun; Zhang, Xingxing; Yang, Tong; Tang, Llewellyn; Cheshmehzangi, Ali; Wu, Yupeng; Huang, Guiqin; Zhong, Dan; Xu, Peng; Liu, Shengchun

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A novel compact STF with internally extruded pin–fin flow channel is proposed. • Thermal performance of the STF is characterized in different operation modes. • This STF is with simple structure, low cost and high feasibility in building design. • Such STF can achieve better thermal performance as conventional ones. - Abstract: The fully building integrated Solar Thermal Facade (STF) systems can become potential solutions for aesthetics architectural design, as well as for the enhancement of energy efficiency and reduction of operational cost in the contemporary built environment. As a result, this article introduces a novel compact STF with internally extruded pin–fin flow channel that is particularly suitable for the building integration. A dedicated simulation model was developed on basis of the heat transfer and the flow mechanics. A prototype of this STF was fabricated and then it was tested under a series of controlled environmental conditions. The experimental validation illustrated a good agreement with the simulation results, indicating the established model was able to predict the STF’s thermal performance at a reasonable accuracy (i.e. mean deviation of less than 5.46%). The impacts of several operational parameters, i.e. equivalent solar radiation, air temperature, air velocity, water mass flow rate and inlet water temperature, on the STF thermal performance were then discussed respectively. Given the baseline testing condition, the collector efficiency factor F′ is almost 0.9930, leading to a relatively high nominal thermal efficiency at about 63.21%, which demonstrates such STF, with simpler structure, lower cost and higher feasibility in architectural design, can achieve an equivalent or better thermal performance than recent bionic STF or the conventional ones. It is also concluded that the thermal efficiency varies proportionally with solar radiation, air temperature, and mass flow rate of water, but oppositely to air

  17. The Colliderscope: a real-time show

    CERN Multimedia

    Francesco Poppi

    2010-01-01

    Ninety-six LED lights distributed over the facade of the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) in Blegdamsvej (Denmark) reproduce the actual signals coming from the Transition Radiation Detector (TRT) in ATLAS. Thanks to the Colliderscope, when a collision occurs below the ground in Geneva, people passing by in Blegdamsvej will be aware of it almost in real-time.   Niels Bohr Institute facade lit up to reflect the latest data from ATLAS-TRT . The pattern, intensity and duration of the Colliderscope’s flashes of light depend on the physical parameters of particles crossing the ATLAS TRT detector. “At the Colliderscope very little happens randomly”, explains Troels Petersen, a physicist at NBI and one of the people who conceived it. “Particularly interesting events, such as electrons, are shown by a bright light that remains on the facade for several seconds”. The Niels Bohr Institute has participated in the development of the TRT detector, and this is why t...

  18. Le togo face au defi de la construction nationale : Comment l'ethnie ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Cinquante ans après son indépendance, le pays peine à organiser des élections libres, transparentes et sans contestations. Mieux, les résultats des consultations ... Worse, election results show not only a North-South political bipolarization but also an ethnicity-based choice. Election strongholds are actually ethnic ...

  19. Quand les châteaux étaient peints When châteaux were painted or The decoration of facades and roofs in French mansions and stately homes from the Renaissance to the classical period

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacques Moulin

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available L’architecture française a la réputation d’avoir toujours privilégié la mise en œuvre de matériaux laissés dans leur état naturel. Or, une observation plus détaillée des monuments fait apparaître que, dès leur construction, les façades et toitures de la Renaissance et de l’époque classique firent souvent l’objet de finitions peintes qui leur donnaient l’aspect réellement souhaité par leurs maîtres d’œuvre. Cette redécouverte amène une véritable relecture de certains des monuments français les plus célèbres. Elle impose aussi une réinterprétation du rôle donné jadis à la peinture, non plus comme amoindrissement mais comme valorisation de l’architecture.French architecture has the reputation of always having favoured the use of materials left in their natural state. However, closer examination of monuments reveals that the facades and roofs of the Renaissance and classical periods were often painted upon construction, to give them the appearance required by their commissioner. This rediscovery has shed new light on some of the most famous French monuments. It demands a re-examination of the role formerly ascribed to painted finishes, no longer as a form of diminishment but as a way of enhancing the architecture.

  20. Pilot project Uljabuouda. Final report; Pilotprojekt Uljabuouda. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    2011-07-01

    During the period of 2007-2010 Skellefteaa Kraft AB erected a wind farm comprising 10 3 MW wind turbines on the mountain Uljabuouda in the municipality of Arjeplog. The turbines are of the type WWD-3 with a hub height of 80 meters and a rotor diameter of 90 meters. The Uljabuouda wind farm is one of the first erected above the treeline in the Swedish mountains. The wind turbines are adapted to cold climate equipped with an ice prevention system for the blades. The process of obtaining the necessary permits for the erection of the wind farm was lengthy and lasted during the period of 2000 to 2008. Also the procurement process took longer than expected. During the period of 2006-2008 when the procurement was performed it was difficult to find a supplier who could offer wind turbines equipped with a deicing system. In December 2006 the Uljabuouda project was granted a subsidy from the Swedish Energy Agency, the maximum of 35 million Swedish crowns. The final investment costs of the project will be higher than previously estimated. The main reason for this was the prevailing market conditions during the procurement period. The Uljabuouda wind farm is in full operation since the winter of 2010/2011 and so far our experiences are that the ice prevention system is working well even at harsh icing conditions

  1. Preliminary study Malaa. Final report; Foerstudie Malaa. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1996-03-01

    Factors of importance for a possible localization of a deep nuclear waste repository at Malaa in northern Sweden are mapped in this study. The geologic structures in the area have been reviewed, mostly from already existing knowledge. Existing infrastructure and necessary improvements are discussed, as well as land use and environment, employment and other social effects. 47 refs, 41 figs, 8 tabs.

  2. Local village heating. Final rapport; Landsby Naervarme. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bojesen, C.

    2012-04-15

    Local Village Heating project relates to smaller villages which are located outside existing or planned district heating areas in Denmark. The analysis phase of Local Village Heating has shown that the concept can be the most feasible common heating system for villages that: 1. has a high building density - the buildings must be placed close together; 2. at least one large heat consumer, school, elder home or company is present in the village; 3. the number of buildings/households in the village is less than approx. 100. The analysis has shown that it is theoretical possible to establish a controlling system for the combined supplier/consumer option and an overall system for prioritizing the primary heat suppliers. A feasible Local Village Heating organisation could be a cooperative similar to other supply systems, such as common water supply and waste water cooperative. (Author)

  3. Highly insulating glazing in new multi-storey buildings; Hoejisolerende glaspartier i nye etageboliger

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Engelund Thomsen, K.; Schmidt, H.; Aggerholm, S.

    2001-07-01

    The purpose of this report is to illustrate how highly insulating types of glazing can be used in multi-storey buildings for housing in new ways. These are energy efficient and provide good indoor climate and also satisfy requirements to high architectural quality. The project has resulted in a number of design proposal demonstrating how new types of glazing can be fitted into multi-storey buildings and how new facade expressions, space and lighting effects can be obtained by using highly insulating glass areas. The project is collaboration between the architects Boje Lundgaard and Lene Tranberg's Tegnestue, KAB Bygge og Boligadministration and Danish Building and Urban Research. Calculations of heat demand suggest that it is possible to meet the targets outlined in the Danish Government's action plan for energy. Energy 21 by using new types of highly insulating glazing in new buildings. Another 33% reduction of the heating demand is targeted in relation to existing requirements in the Danish Building Regulations 1995 (BR 95) and the Danish Building Regulations for Small Dwellings 1998 (BR-S 98). The project builds on experience gained from 'High-insulated Glass House' (Wittchen and Aggerholm, 1999) built on the housing estage Egebjerggaard in Ballerup, a suburb of Copenhagen. Examples of existing multi-storey buildings with glass facades show extensive use of glazing as early as 1830 in Spain. Walls preceding the curtain wall were built from wood and glass and rested on stone corbels at about 1 m from the load-bearing facade. The first multi-storey buildings with facades entirely made from glass date from the 1920s. The architect Le Corbusier was the first to create a building system that facilitated the construction of non-loadbearing facades. Various conditions must be especially considered at the design of facades with highly insulating glass areas, i.a. type of glass and glazing, solar shadings, frame constructions and airtightness

  4. Self-reported sleep disturbances due to railway noise: exposure-response relationships for nighttime equivalent and maximum noise levels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Moum, Torbjorn; Engdahl, Bo

    2008-07-01

    The objective of the present survey was to study self-reported sleep disturbances due to railway noise with respect to nighttime equivalent noise level (L(p,A,eq,night)) and maximum noise level (L(p,A,max)). A sample of 1349 people in and around Oslo in Norway exposed to railway noise was studied in a cross-sectional survey to obtain data on sleep disturbances, sleep problems due to noise, and personal characteristics including noise sensitivity. Individual noise exposure levels were determined outside of the bedroom facade, the most-exposed facade, and inside the respondents' bedrooms. The exposure-response relationships were analyzed by using logistic regression models, controlling for possible modifying factors including the number of noise events (train pass-by frequency). L(p,A,eq,night) and L(p,A,max) were significantly correlated, and the proportion of reported noise-induced sleep problems increased as both L(p,A,eq,night) and L(p,A,max) increased. Noise sensitivity, type of bedroom window, and pass-by frequency were significant factors affecting noise-induced sleep disturbances, in addition to the noise exposure level. Because about half of the study population did not use a bedroom at the most-exposed side of the house, the exposure-response curve obtained by using noise levels for the most-exposed facade underestimated noise-induced sleep disturbance for those who actually have their bedroom at the most-exposed facade.

  5. The Evolving Dynamic Response of a Four Storey Reinforced Concrete Structure during Construction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Devin

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Structures include elements designated as load bearing and non-load bearing. While non-load bearing elements, such as facades and internal partitions, are acknowledged to add mass to the system, the structural stiffness and strength is generally attributed to load bearing elements only. This paper investigates the contribution of non-load bearing elements to the dynamic response of a new structure, the Charles Institute, in the grounds of University College Dublin (UCD Ireland. The vertical vibration response of the first floor and the lateral response at each floor level were recorded at different construction stages. The evolution of the structural response as well as the generation of a finite element (FE model is discussed. It was found that the addition of the non-load bearing facades increased the first floor natural frequency from 10.7 Hz to 11.4?Hz, a change of approximately +6.5%. Similarly these external facades resulted in the first sway mode having its frequency increased by 6%. The subsequent addition of internal partitions, mechanical services and furnishings resulted in the floor natural frequency reducing to 9.2 Hz. It is concluded that external facades have the net effect of adding stiffness and the effect of internal partitions and furnishings is to add mass. In the context of finite element modelling of structures there is a significant challenge to represent these non-structural elements correctly so as to enable the generation of truly predictive FE models.

  6. Aestehtic, structural and functional transparency in design

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thomsen, Bente Dahl; Madsen, Klaus

    2011-01-01

    Æstetisk, strukturel og funktionel transparens har vist sig at være særdeles velegnede triggere i kreative produktudviklingsprocesser, når målet er at opnå tydelig artikulering af de salgsfremmende værdier. Under analysen af konkurrerende produkter er de tre transparenter gode til fokusering på f...

  7. 187 Résumé

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ANIS

    Structure physicochimique et phytoplanctonique du lac dayet aoua (moyen atlas - Maroc). Anissi FAZUL1, Saâd ... Le Maroc de par sa position géographique dispose d'une grande diversité de milieux aquatiques marins et continentaux. Ainsi, il est .... transparentes ne présente aucun signe d'eutrophisation. Des résultats ...

  8. Media Facades beyond Interaction

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fritsch, Jonas

    2008-01-01

    As part of a the research project Digital Urban Living [www.digitalurbanliving.dk], we have taken part in the design of two large-scale installations that employ interactive technologies to facilitate participation and foster social interactions in public, urban settings. We present the two cases......, Aarhus by Light and Projected Poetry, and discuss the future trajectory of our work in this field, as well as some of our findings regarding the challenges of designing large-scale public interactive installations. In doing so, we specifically highlight the possibilities in relation to designing...... for affective experience and engaging interaction that advocate for a long-term interactive experience....

  9. Media Facades beyond Interaction

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fritsch, Jonas

    2008-01-01

    As part of a the research project Digital Urban Living [www.digitalurbanliving.dk], we have taken part in the design of two large-scale installations that employ interactive technologies to facilitate participation and foster social interactions in public, urban settings. We present the two cases...

  10. Power deposition influence on the electrical and optical properties of Sn1-xO2 Nb x thin films obtained by sputtering

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ignacio Uribe-Alzate

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En un sólido la buena conductividad eléctrica y la transparencia óptica parecen ser 2 propiedades contradictorias. Los materiales conductores son opacos, y los sólidos transparentes son aislantes eléctricos. La combinación de estas dos propiedades en un material lo hacen muy atractivo para una gran cantidad de aplicaciones optoelectrónicas. En este trabajo se realiza la caracterización estructural óptica y eléctrica de uno de los óxidos conductores transparentes más prometedores, el Sn1-xO2 Nbx . Las películas fueron crecidas sobre sustratos de vidrio por la técnica de sputtering RF. Al cambiar la potencia de deposición se halló que la conductividad eléctrica de las películas crecía al aumentar la potencia de deposición, lo cual coincidía con un crecimiento preferencial de las películas en el plano (200. Todas las películas muestran una transmitancia mayor al 80 % en el rango visible.

  11. Investigation of interior post-insulated masonry walls with wooden beam ends

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Morelli, Martin; Svendsen, Svend

    2013-01-01

    The preponderant number of multistorey buildings constructed in Denmark in the period between 1850 and 1930 were built with masonry walls incorporating wooden floor beams. Given the nature of this construction, it is supposed that significant energy savings could be achieved by simply insulating...... the facades of such buildings. To maintain the exterior appearance of the facade, the only possible means of installing the required insulation is placing it on the interior of the wall. However, the installation of insulation on the interior of the wall assembly reduces the overall drying potential...

  12. U-value measurements on ISO round Robin window

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Duer, Karsten

    1997-01-01

    9 laboratories in 6 european and 2 north american countries have participated in a round robin U-value test of a standard facade window. The objective of the round robin test was to verify that the ISO/CEN proposals for U-value measurement standard is robust.......9 laboratories in 6 european and 2 north american countries have participated in a round robin U-value test of a standard facade window. The objective of the round robin test was to verify that the ISO/CEN proposals for U-value measurement standard is robust....

  13. Biozide in Gebäudefassaden - Ökotoxikologische Effekte, Auswaschung und Belastungsabschätzung für Gewässer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Burkhardt, M.; Junghans, M.; Zuleeg, S.

    2009-01-01

    to reach urban storm water runoff. The study focused on biocides for facades coatings and aimed (1) to determine ecotoxicological effect values, (2) to quantify the leaching behaviour and (3) to assess the environmental risk for surface waters using a dynamic transport model. Materials and methods Eight...... biocides used in resin based facade coatings were investigated. Some biocides are substances known as pesticides for agricultural purposes like diuron, carbendazim and terbutryn. Ecotoxicological effect values for aquatic organisms were determined for every biocide. Leaching of four biocides from a render...

  14. Frieden durch Ineffizienz? Die Reform der US Cyberwar Strategie nach den Snowden-Leaks

    OpenAIRE

    Schmetz, Martin

    2013-01-01

    Es tut sich etwas in Folge der Snowden-Leaks: In den USA werden Untersuchungsausschüsse eingesetzt, Vorstöße, die Macht der NSA einzuschränken bzw.transparenter zu gestalten werden stärker – vor allem aber wird es wohl institutionelle Änderungen geben. Und diese hängen an einer Person: Keith Alexander.

  15. Lys og Energi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christoffersen, Jens; Hansen, Ellen Kathrine; Hilberth, Thomas

    2004-01-01

    En vigtig målsætning i projektet ”Transparente solceller – fremtidens energiproducerende solafskærmning” er at beskrive hvordan PEC cellen kan og bør indgå i byggeriet. For at skabe et bredt og solid fundament i dette arbejdet, har projektet i to omgange gået i aktiv dialog med de studerende ved ...

  16. Neural Networks for the Classification of Building Use from Street-View Imagery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laupheimer, D.; Tutzauer, P.; Haala, N.; Spicker, M.

    2018-05-01

    Within this paper we propose an end-to-end approach for classifying terrestrial images of building facades into five different utility classes (commercial, hybrid, residential, specialUse, underConstruction) by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). For our examples we use images provided by Google Street View. These images are automatically linked to a coarse city model, including the outlines of the buildings as well as their respective use classes. By these means an extensive dataset is available for training and evaluation of our Deep Learning pipeline. The paper describes the implemented end-to-end approach for classifying street-level images of building facades and discusses our experiments with various CNNs. In addition to the classification results, so-called Class Activation Maps (CAMs) are evaluated. These maps give further insights into decisive facade parts that are learned as features during the training process. Furthermore, they can be used for the generation of abstract presentations which facilitate the comprehension of semantic image content. The abstract representations are a result of the stippling method, an importance-based image rendering.

  17. PEOPLE'S EVALUATION TOWARDS MEDIA FAÇADE AS NEW URBAN LANDMARKS AT NIGHT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elyas Vahedi Moghaddam

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper attempts to help designers to turn a building into media facade as an attractive landmark for people’s urban night life. The literature survey points towards being dynamic and interactive with observers as the two quality dimensions for implementing this emerging lighting technology. Based on a survey of eleven selected media facades using video films to 250 students and staff at a public university, results identified twelve attributes for these two qualities. However, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis of the results determined only ten attributes actually support people’s attention towards media facade. The attributes of unique landmark, different nocturnal appearance, dynamic colour, informative lighting, artistic lighting performance, on going process, and dynamic advertisement could be categorized under the visual quality dimension. On the other hand, attributes of covert interaction, overt interaction, and predesigned interaction could be categorized under the interactive quality dimension. This study contributes in prioritizing visual qualities for guiding the attractiveness of buildings’ appearances at night, hence enabling the creation of new dynamic urban spaces when designing buildings.

  18. Integrated energy design of the building envelope

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vraa Nielsen, M.

    2012-07-01

    This thesis describes the outcome of the PhD project Integrated energy design of the building envelope carried out through a combination of scientific dissemination reported through peer-reviewed journals and a wide range of affiliated projects involved in at an architectural firm. The research project analysed how the implementation of technical knowledge early in the building design process can quantify the effect of a building's facades on its energy efficiency and indoor climate and thereby facilitate a more qualified design development. The project was structured in the following way: 1) the importance of integrating knowledge in the early stages of design, and how it can be done; 2) understanding the facade's typology; and 3) the complex notion of comfort. The project touched not only on the technical capabilities and requirements governing facade design, but also the process by which it takes place. This was done by applying the methodology of Integrated Energy Design (IED) and analysing its applicability in the design of facades. A major part of the project was an actual engagement in the architectural process to test out incorporating a consciousness about energy and comfort as part of a more holistic performance evaluation. The research project illustrates the great potential in taking passive properties into account through a geometrical optimisation inherent in the development of the architectural concept. It demonstrates that integration of technical knowledge at the early stages of design not only can qualify the geometrical processing, but also facilitate the design development of the facade. Thereby a more holistic performance optimisation can be obtained through parameters such as overall facade geometry and orientation, functional organisation, room height and depth, facade layout, window geometry and transparency, design of the window aperture, etc. Through the wide range of affiliated project involved in at the architectural firm over

  19. Optimisation of Design of Air Inlets in Air Distribution Channels of a Double-Skin Transparent Façade

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bielek, Boris; Szabó, Daniel; Palko, Milan; Rychtáriková, Monika

    2017-12-01

    This paper reports on an optimization of design of air inlets in naturally ventilated double-skin transparent facades; the design aims at the proper functioning of these facades from the point of view of their aerodynamic and hydrodynamic behaviour. A comparison was made of five different variants of ventilation louvers used in air openings with different shapes, positions and overall geometry. The aerodynamic response of the louvers was determined by 2D simulations using ANSYS software. The hydrodynamic properties were investigated by conducting driven-rain measurements in a large rain chamber at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava.

  20. Internal Insulation of Masonry Walls with Wooden Floor Beams in Northern Humid Climate

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Morelli, Martin; Scheffler, Gregor Albrecht; Nielsen, Toke Rammer

    2010-01-01

    Multi-story buildings in Denmark from 1850–1950 are built with masonry walls and wooden floor beams. Large energy savings can be achieved by insulating the facades. Often interior insulation is the only possibility in order to keep the appearance of the external facade. The internal insulation...... reduces the drying potential of the wall, which might lead to moisture problems in the beam ends embedded in the masonry due to absorption of driving rain. This paper describes a solution to avoid the moisture problems and still achieve large energy savings. The thermal analyses are made in thermal...

  1. Optimisation of Design of Air Inlets in Air Distribution Channels of a Double-Skin Transparent Façade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bielek Boris

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper reports on an optimization of design of air inlets in naturally ventilated double-skin transparent facades; the design aims at the proper functioning of these facades from the point of view of their aerodynamic and hydrodynamic behaviour. A comparison was made of five different variants of ventilation louvers used in air openings with different shapes, positions and overall geometry. The aerodynamic response of the louvers was determined by 2D simulations using ANSYS software. The hydrodynamic properties were investigated by conducting driven-rain measurements in a large rain chamber at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava.

  2. Thermal insulation with glazings and windows. Implementation of requirements and outlook on future development; Waermeschutz mit Verglasungen und Fenstern. Umsetzung der Anforderungen und Ausblick auf Weiterentwicklung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Froelich, H. [Institut fuer Fenstertechnik e.V., Rosenheim (Germany)

    1997-06-01

    In the past, windows and glazings were often considered as being a weak point as regards thermal insulation in the external envelope of a building. Increasing demands on thermal insulation in construction have been seen as a challenge by all those involved. The development of new glazings and of improved frames made it possible to use large sized windows and glazed facade elements even after the new Heat Loss Regulation (Waermeschutzverordnung) dated 1st January 1995 came into effect. In this connection, the possible consideration of energy gain from the outside via transparent building elements is very important. The individual components of windows, window elements and light facades such as frames, glazings, panels and additional components e.g. roller shutters have to be designed very precisely now. Apart from thermal properties the other criteria such as fire resistance, sound insulation, solar protection and safety have to be taken into account. The new Building Regulations of the Laender (Landesbauordnung) and the Building Products Regulation (Bauregelliste) of the Deutsches Institut fuer Bautechnik regulate which evidence of usability and conformity are necessary for the various building products such as frame, glass, window, roller shutter, radiator guards, etc. For the time being, it is still mainly referred to national regulations. In future, an increasing number of European standards will be completed and also implemented. There will also be some decisive changes as regards windows and glazings. To a larger extent the effects of thermal bridges will be taken into account. For determining thermal properties there increasingly exists the possibility of carrying out calculations. As regards thermal insulation today, windows and glazings are highly developed building products when correctly designed and manufactured. These building products enable energy saving construction also of large sized dimensions. (orig.) [Deutsch] Fenster und Verglasungen wurden in

  3. The propagation of sound in narrow street canyons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iu, K. K.; Li, K. M.

    2002-08-01

    This paper addresses an important problem of predicting sound propagation in narrow street canyons with width less than 10 m, which are commonly found in a built-up urban district. Major noise sources are, for example, air conditioners installed on building facades and powered mechanical equipment for repair and construction work. Interference effects due to multiple reflections from building facades and ground surfaces are important contributions in these complex environments. Although the studies of sound transmission in urban areas can be traced back to as early as the 1960s, the resulting mathematical and numerical models are still unable to predict sound fields accurately in city streets. This is understandable because sound propagation in city streets involves many intriguing phenomena such as reflections and scattering at the building facades, diffusion effects due to recessions and protrusions of building surfaces, geometric spreading, and atmospheric absorption. This paper describes the development of a numerical model for the prediction of sound fields in city streets. To simplify the problem, a typical city street is represented by two parallel reflecting walls and a flat impedance ground. The numerical model is based on a simple ray theory that takes account of multiple reflections from the building facades. The sound fields due to the point source and its images are summed coherently such that mutual interference effects between contributing rays can be included in the analysis. Indoor experiments are conducted in an anechoic chamber. Experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions to establish the validity and usefulness of this simple model. Outdoor experimental measurements have also been conducted to further validate the model. copyright 2002 Acoustical Society of America.

  4. Kontrolle des Verwaltungsrates : eine Untersuchung der internen und externen Kontrollinstitutionen, -instrumente und -mechanismen

    OpenAIRE

    Reust, Dominik

    2014-01-01

    Eine wichtige Erkenntnis dieser Arbeit ist, dass eine effiziente und effektive Kontrolle des Verwaltungsrates nur über das Zusammenspiel der internen körperschaftlichen Kontrollinstitutionen und -instrumente mit den externen Kontrollinstitutionen und Kontrollmechanismen des Marktes erreicht wird. Die Vorschriften der VegüV betreffend transparente Entschädigungspolitik und unabhängige Stimmrechtsvertreter sowie die in der Aktienrechtsrevision angestrebte Stärkung der Informations-, Mitwirk...

  5. Attitudes towards instruction in the local language – a case study of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dans la mesure où ces réflexes négatifs sont fonction de la désinformation et des préjugés, la disposition d'esprit ne s'améliorera qu'au moyen d'informations exactes et d'une démonstration plus transparente des avantages pédagogiques que peuvent tirer les apprenants de l'enseignement donné dans leurs propres

  6. Slutrapport for betonelementbyggeri i jordskælvsområder

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rathkjen, Arne

    1994-01-01

    Denne rapport beskriver forløbet af ovennævnte program, idet der i nærværende kapitel 1 gøres rede for projektoplægget, herunder beskrivelser af de enkelte projekter, således som disse blev beskrevet ved programmets start i 1993.......Denne rapport beskriver forløbet af ovennævnte program, idet der i nærværende kapitel 1 gøres rede for projektoplægget, herunder beskrivelser af de enkelte projekter, således som disse blev beskrevet ved programmets start i 1993....

  7. Repetition-based Interactive Facade Modeling

    KAUST Repository

    AlHalawani, Sawsan

    2012-07-01

    Modeling and reconstruction of urban environments has gained researchers attention throughout the past few years. It spreads in a variety of directions across multiple disciplines such as image processing, computer graphics and computer vision as well as in architecture, geoscience and remote sensing. Having a virtual world of our real cities is very attractive in various directions such as entertainment, engineering, governments among many others. In this thesis, we address the problem of processing a single fa cade image to acquire useful information that can be utilized to manipulate the fa cade and generate variations of fa cade images which can be later used for buildings\\' texturing. Typical fa cade structures exhibit a rectilinear distribution where in windows and other elements are organized in a grid of horizontal and vertical repetitions of similar patterns. In the firt part of this thesis, we propose an efficient algorithm that exploits information obtained from a single image to identify the distribution grid of the dominant elements i.e. windows. This detection method is initially assisted with the user marking the dominant window followed by an automatic process for identifying its repeated instances which are used to define the structure grid. Given the distribution grid, we allow the user to interactively manipulate the fa cade by adding, deleting, resizing or repositioning the windows in order to generate new fa cade structures. Having the utility for the interactive fa cade is very valuable to create fa cade variations and generate new textures for building models. Ultimately, there is a wide range of interesting possibilities of interactions to be explored.

  8. Structure completion for facade layouts

    KAUST Repository

    Fan, Lubin; Musialski, Przemyslaw; Liu, Ligang; Wonka, Peter

    2014-01-01

    completion with large missing parts is an ill-posed problem. Therefore, we combine two sources of information to derive our solution: the observed shapes and a database of complete layouts. The problem is also very difficult, because shape positions

  9. Possibilities of Spatial Data to Determine the Extent of the Occupancy of the Right-of-Way by Large-Format Advertisements

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bieda Agnieszka

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Large-format advertisements are becoming a more and more common element of building facades, especially in city centers. Placing an object of this type is not without significance to the real property management. A large-format advertising billboard on the facade, on the one hand, is associated with the possibility of renting advertising space, on the other - it can lead to the occupancy of a right-of-way, which results in a necessity to pay appropriate fees, in the amount regulated by the Act on Public Roads. Placing an object such as a large-format advertising billboard in a right-of-way requires a permit of the manager of this road. However, if a billboard is located on the facade of a building, occupancy of the right-of-way is not always the case. If the boundary of the road parcel runs along the contour of the building, a billboard placed on the elevation will always occupy the right-of-way. However, property boundaries often run at a distance from the building. Such situations - desired by managers - result in a noticeable increase in demand for surveying opinions to determine what part of the right-of-way is occupied by a large-format advertisement. This article analyzes the cases of the right-of-way being occupied by large-format advertising placed on the facades of buildings in the city center. For selected objects, information was obtained from public records, National Cartographic Documentation Center database, and direct surveying was performed with various techniques. This allowed for an objective assessment of the possible use of available surveying methods and the acquired spatial data to determine the right-of-way occupied by large-format advertisements for purposes of real estate management.

  10. Optimising building net energy demand with dynamic BIPV shading

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jayathissa, P.; Luzzatto, M.; Schmidli, J.; Hofer, J.; Nagy, Z.; Schlueter, A.

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: •Coupled analysis of PV generation and building energy using adaptive BIPV shading. •20–80% net energy saving compared to an equivalent static system. •The system can in some cases compensate for the entire heating/cooling/lighting load. •High resolution radiation simulation including impacts of module self shading. -- Abstract: The utilisation of a dynamic photovoltaic system for adaptive shading can improve building energy performance by controlling solar heat gains and natural lighting, while simultaneously generating electricity on site. This paper firstly presents an integrated simulation framework to couple photovoltaic electricity generation to building energy savings through adaptive shading. A high-resolution radiance and photovoltaic model calculates the photovoltaic electricity yield while taking into account partial shading between modules. The remaining solar irradiation that penetrates the window is used in a resistance-capacitance building thermal model. A simulation of all possible dynamic configurations is conducted for each hourly time step, of which the most energy efficient configuration is chosen. We then utilise this framework to determine the optimal orientation of the photovoltaic panels to maximise the electricity generation while minimising the building’s heating, lighting and cooling demand. An existing adaptive photovoltaic facade was used as a case study for evaluation. Our results report a 20–80% net energy saving compared to an equivalent static photovoltaic shading system depending on the efficiency of the heating and cooling system. In some cases the Adaptive Solar Facade can almost compensate for the entire energy demand of the office space behind it. The control of photovoltaic production on the facade, simultaneously with the building energy demand, opens up new methods of building management as the facade can control both the production and consumption of electricity.

  11. Study of the adherence between polymer-modified mortars and porcelain stoneware tiles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Etuko Feuzicana de Souza Almeida

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Despite the excellent characteristics of porcelain tiles, their application on building facades requires special attention, since this material differs from conventional ceramics and because facades are exposed to weathering that can damage ceramic revetments. The combination of polymer and silica fume to produce mortars results in excellent properties, which are ideal for repairs and revetments requiring high performance. Such improvements justify its study for the installation of porcelain tiles. This article presents bond strength results for mortars containing different amounts of polymer and silica indicating the applicability of these mortars as a construction material. To complement this study, the interface between the porcelain and the mortars was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM.

  12. Effects of sunshades and daylighting systems on room climate in the new building of the Baden-Wuerttemberg office for listed buildings in Esslingen; Auswirkungen von Sonnenschutz/Tageslichtsystemen auf das Raumklima beim Neubau Landesdenkmalamt Esslingen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Buehler, H.J. [GN Bauphysik, Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart (Germany)

    2003-07-01

    Visual and thermal comfort have a crucial influence on the well-being of the users. With conventional sun protective systems the simultaneous implementation of both requirements is hardly to be carried out. By means of retroflecting sun protective systems type RETROLux Therm can be achieved an optimal daylight illuminating and at the same time a minimization of the summer energy entry. There is for the angles of incidence conditions in the summer months total energy transmission factors (g-value) of 0.10 to expect with simultaneous visual communication with the environment. The sun protective effect is therefore comparable with a conventional external blind system, which exhibits however a substantially limited external outlook. Newest test certificates of the RetroLux Therm lamellas show that in connection with highly reflecting lamella surfaces total energy transmission factors under g=0.10 can be achieved. By thermal simulation calculations it could be proved that with the planned facade conception on basis of the retroreflection no disadvantages are to be expected regarding room climate and operating cost in relation to a conventional facade system with external blinds. The planned facade conception forms thereby together with the building-technical conception of the construction unit activation and the multi-functionally used edge strip a conclusive primary energetically favorable energy concept. (orig.)

  13. Potential application of a centralized solar water-heating system for a high-rise residential building in Hong Kong

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chow, T.T.; Fong, K.F.; Chan, A.L.S.; Lin, Z.

    2006-01-01

    There is a growing, government-led trend of applying renewable energy in Hong Kong. One area of interest lies in the wider use of solar-energy systems. The worldwide fast development of building-integrated solar technology has prompted the design alternative of fixing the solar panels on the external facades of buildings. In Hong Kong, high-rise buildings are found everywhere in the urban districts. How to make full use of the vertical facades of these buildings to capture the most solar radiation can be an important area in the technology promotion. In this numerical study, the potential application of a centralized solar water-heating system in high-rise residence was evaluated. Arrays of solar thermal collectors, that occupied the top two-third of the south and west facades of a hypothetical high-rise residence, were proposed for supporting the domestic hot-water system. Based on typical meteorological data, it was found that the annual efficiency of the vertical solar collectors could reach 38.4% on average, giving a solar fraction of 53.4% and a payback period of 9.2 years. Since the solar collectors were able to reduce the heat transmission through the building envelope, the payback was in fact even shorter if the energy saving in air-conditioner operation was considered

  14. Comparison between measurements and OSPM calculations of NO{sub 2} at 10 street sections in Copenhagen. [OSPM - Operational Street Pollution Model]; Sammenligning af NO{sub 2}-maelinger og OSPM-beregninger for 10 gadestraekninger i Koebenhavn

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ellermann, T.; Ketzel, M.; Solvang Jensen, S.

    2012-10-15

    This report presents results from a comparison between measurements and model calculations of nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) at ten selected street sections in Copenhagen. Force Technology has carried out the measurements of NO{sub 2} during a few weeks period from October 24{sup th} to November 28{sup th} 2011. DCE has carried out model calculations using the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) in two stages. The model calculations at stage 1 (''blind test'') are carried out without knowledge about the results from the measurements. Model version and input data corresponds to those used for the most recent model calculations presented in the reports from 2011 for the routine monitoring programme and a surveillance project, respectively. At stage 2 input data have been updated and revised in order to analyze the differences between measured and model calculated concentrations at stage 1. This report from AU/DCE presents only the results from the model calculations and the comparison between measurements and model results. Comparison for the two permanent measurement stations at both H.C. Andersen's Boulevard (HCAB) and Jagtvej shows good agreement between measurements from Force Technology using passive sampling and measurements from DCE using the EU reference method. The results from the ''blind test'' of OSPM at stage 1 show that the OSPM calculations are in good agreement with the measurements for seven out of nine street sections. The model results show good agreement for all street sections with two sided building facades. Large discrepancies between measurements and model results are found for two street sections (Sydhavnsgade and Fredensgade) both with one sided building facades. However, there are two other street sections with one sided building facades, where the model is in good agreement with the measurements. The discrepancies observed for Sydhavnsgade and Fredensgade are therefore not solely related to

  15. 22 de marzo: Día Internacional del Agua

    OpenAIRE

    Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

    2013-01-01

    Con la excusa del día internacional del agua, nos parece importante compartir con ustedes algunos conceptos importantes. ¿A qué se denomina agua potable? Agua potable es aquella que, bien en su estado natural o después de un tratamiento adecuado, es apta para el consumo humano y no produce ningún efecto perjudicial para la salud. Es limpia, transparente, sin olores o sabores desagradables y está libre de contaminantes.

  16. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hof, R.; Mikesch, W.; Miloni, R.; Kaelin, T.; Nordmann, T.; Meier, Ch.; Locher, R.

    2005-01-01

    This extensive report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) by the Swiss Central Association for Window and Facade Construction (SZFF) takes a look at the research project it launched to develop a basis for estimating existing potentials between facade builders and solar specialists and for the reduction of the technical impediments and mental barriers involved. The goals of the project are listed and the results expected are noted. Part-projects included are described and the results obtained so far are examined. These include information acquisition and analysis, surveys developed in co-operation with the University of Applied Sciences in Horw, Switzerland, a market survey and the development of a handbook and argumentation-aid available on the Internet and as a CD-ROM

  17. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV); GISS Gebaeude-Integrierte Solarstrom-Systeme (Building Integrated Photovoltaic BIPV)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hof, R. [Geilinger Fassaden AG, Winterthur (Switzerland); Mikesch, W. [Colt Solar Technology AG, Baar (Switzerland); Miloni, R. [Lichtplanung und Architektur, Muelligen (Switzerland); Kaelin, T. [Jaakko Poeyry Infra, Zuerich (Switzerland); Nordmann, T. [TNC Consulting AG, Erlenbach (Switzerland); Meier, Ch. [Energiebuero Die Solarplaner, Zuerich (Switzerland); Locher, R. [Schweizerische Zentrale Fenster und Fassaden (SZFF), Dietikon (Switzerland)

    2005-07-01

    This extensive report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) by the Swiss Central Association for Window and Facade Construction (SZFF) takes a look at the research project it launched to develop a basis for estimating existing potentials between facade builders and solar specialists and for the reduction of the technical impediments and mental barriers involved. The goals of the project are listed and the results expected are noted. Part-projects included are described and the results obtained so far are examined. These include information acquisition and analysis, surveys developed in co-operation with the University of Applied Sciences in Horw, Switzerland, a market survey and the development of a handbook and argumentation-aid available on the Internet and as a CD-ROM.

  18. Analysis of the use of waterproofing treatments on copings and cornices in preservation of the brickwork heritage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. S. Camino Olea

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available In the historic buildings built with face brick tile it is very common to have copings and cornices of soldier or header course, made with the same brick as the facade and these bricks are usually more deteriorated than the rest of the facade. The cause of the deterioration is the action of the water combined with dirt, vegetation, and other moisture-related causes. One of the possible systems to conserve and protect these elements is by projecting a water repellent. This article will present the results of tests conducted on laboratory specimens formed by low brick walls with and without the application of a waterproofing treatment, finished off at the top part by a sloping course also of brick.

  19. Engaging (through materials) in Architecture

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sack-Nielsen, Torsten

    2015-01-01

    New multi-functional materials applied to building skins are suggested as an approach to mimic climate adaptability principles from nature and add responsiveness in order achieve future low-tech solutions for facades....

  20. Multi-fuel furnace. Demonstration project. Final rapport; Multibraendselsovn - Demonstrationsprojekt. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dall Bentzen, J.

    2012-06-15

    It has been verified that the Dall Energy Furnace have unique features: - The furnace will accept biomass fuel with moisture content in range 20% to 60% and still keep the flue gas temperature within +-10 deg. Celsius (for pre-set temperature 900 to 975 deg. Celsius); - The ash quality from the furnace is very good with no excessive sintering and without carbon in the ash; - Flue gas dust content at the furnace exit is below 50 mg/Nm3, while the content of NO{sub x} and CO is below 175 mg/Nm3 and 20 mg/Nm3, respectively. The Dall Energy biomass furnace consists of two separate stages which are combined in a single aggregate: an updraft gasification process and a gas combustion process. As the furnace is refractory lined and as the furnace can operate at low excess air it is possible to burn biomass with water content above 60%. No mechanical parts are used at temperatures above 200 deg. Celsius. This provides a very rugged system. In the gasifier section a combustible gas is produced with a low velocity at the top of the gasifier bed. This gas is combusted to a flue gas with extremely low dust content. Also, the NO{sub x} and CO content is very low. The temperature of the flue gas at the exit is kept low by injecting water spray together with the secondary air. (Author)

  1. ¿Estados fallidos o conceptos fallidos?: un análisis crítico de la literatura relacionado con la noción de Estado fallido: periodo 1993-2012

    OpenAIRE

    Maza Pinto, María Angélica

    2013-01-01

    Esta disertación académica pretende presentar los principales enfoques en torno al término del Estado fallido. En particular, busca defender que no se dispone de un arsenal teórico y práctico para afirmar que un Estado es fallido, puesto que los desacuerdos entre los autores clásicos y modernos persisten, por ende el Índice organizado por el Fondo para la Paz no es transparente ni confiable.

  2. Development of lime based mortars for repairing glazed tile coatings of historic buildings in the city of Ovar, Portugal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. Teixeira

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Portugal is one of the European countries in which built heritage is a testimony of its history. In this context, the legacy of the decorative glazed tile coatings of facades must be preserved and restored. This research is dedicated to the conservation of such facades in the city of Ovar, considered an example due to its rich heritage in glazed tiles, a high percentage of which requires a deep intervention. Therefore, this work is focused on the study of lime renders serving as a support for this type of tile facades. For this, samples were collected from several buildings in the city, targeting their mechanical and physical study with the aim of producing compatible mortars to be used for application of detached tiles in these buildings and generally for the repair of the facades with glazed tile coatings. For this purpose, four lime mortar formulations with different volumetric ratios were composed. The aggregates used were: ordinary river sand and local gravel. In three of the mixtures, metakaolin was added, with the intention of acting as an artificial pozzolan and thus improving the performance of these mortars. The use of a pozzolanic addition promotes hardening of lime mortars in cases when the ingression of carbon dioxide is low as is the case of mortars placed below glazed tile coatings. These mortars were also tested in the laboratory taking into account their physical and mechanical characteristics. The mechanical characteristics determined were: modulus of elasticity by two different methods, compressive strength and flexural strength. In turn, the physical characteristics determined were: water vapour permeability and water absorption by total immersion and capillary action. The best mechanical behaviour (compressive and flexural was observed in the mortar with pozzolanic additions. Similarly, the value of the modulus of elasticity was better in mortars with pozzolanic additions. The performance of these mortars was also adequate

  3. MUSEUM TARI DI MAKASSAR DENGAN PENDEKATAN EKSPOSE STRUKTUR PADA FASAD BANGUNAN DAN PENERAPAN TEORI FRAKTAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Taufik Arfan

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak—Pentingnya museum tari di Makassar adalah untuk memperkenalkan budaya yang dimiliki di Sulawesi Selatan yang dapat dikenal oleh seluruh manca negara, serta parawisatawan dan semua orang untuk berkunjung. Tujuan penelitian non arsitektural ini adalah menampilkan unsur kebudayaan, sejarah serta memperkenalkan Tari Tradisional yang ada di Sulawesi Selatan, sedangkan tujuan arsitekturalnya adalah menentukan lokasi yang sesuai dengan keberadaan museum tari, merancang ruang-ruang yang dibutuhkan sesuai dengan standar Museum serta kebutuhan ruang untuk Museum seni tari, merancang museum tari yang dikaitkan dengan ekspos struktur pada fasad dan penggabungannya dengan teori fraktal, merancang penggunaan fasad bangunan,struktur, utilitas, penampilan bangunan, serta tranformasi bentuk pada museum tari dan merancang tata massa pada museum tari. Hasil laporan ini adalah mendesain bangunan museum tari di Makassar dengan pendekatan ekspos pada struktur fasade bangunan dan penerapan teori fraktal yang disesuaikan dengan standar dan kebutuhan ruang. Kata Kunci :Museum tari, struktur, fasad, fractal Abstract-The importance of dance in Makassar museum is to introduce a culture held in South Sulawesi, which can be known by all foreign countries, as well as parawisatawan and everyone to visit. The research objective non architecturally it is featuring elements of culture, history and introduce Traditional Dance in South Sulawesi, while the purpose of the architectural is to determine the location that corresponds to the existence of the museum of dance, designing spaces required in accordance with the standards Museum as well as the need for space for art museum dance, design a museum of dance that is associated with exposure to the facade structure and merger with fractal theory, designing the use of facades of buildings, structures, utilities, appearance of the building, as well as the transformation of the museum forms of dance and design the masses on

  4. GlasKon `99 - 7th Innovation Forum for Glass, Architecture, and Technology from January 18 to 23, 1999; GlasKon `99: 7. Innovations-Forum Glas, Architektur, Technik - Kongress und Ausstellung in Verbindung mit der Bau `99; GlasKon `99 - 7th Innovation Forum for Glass, Architecture, and Technology from January 18 to 23, 1999

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krewinkel, H.W.; Seger, P.E.; Achenbach, J. [comps.

    1999-10-01

    Thanks to its basic properties, i.e. transparency, weather resistance, and easy recyclability, glass is very well suited as a ``solar radiation-trapping`` building material. This congress and exhibition report presents, amongst other things, a solar glass of variable light and energy transmission, possibilities of passivsolar energy recovery in non-transparent facades, glazing for intelligent daylight utilisation, and innovative facades with photovoltaics. Four contributions have been abstracted individually for the Energy Database. [Deutsch] Der Baustoff Glas mit seinen grundlegenden Eigenschaften - Transparenz, Wetterbestaendigkeit sowie problemlose Recyclebarkeit dient auch als `` solare Strahlenfalle``. Im Folgenden werden ein Sonnenschutzglas mit veraenderbarer Licht-und Energietransmission, Moeglichkeiten der passiven solaren Energiegewinnung im nicht-transparentern Fassadenbereich, Verglasungen fuer die intelligente Tageslichtnutzung sowie innovative Fassaden mit Photovoltaik vorgestellt. Fuer die Datenbank Energy wurden vier Beitraege einzeln aufgenommen.

  5. Sports hall: a technical challenge; Gym artistique en Suisse romande. Salle de sport: defit technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Scaramiglia, V.

    2004-07-01

    Not far away from the airport at Vernier, the city of Geneva has built a novel gym hall, 'la Salle de l'Ecu'. It's an oblong building of 39 x 54 meters ground surface covered by a curved roof reaching a height of 8 meters at the center and 4 meters at the sides. The building shape allows to minimize the facade area resulting in low costs for heating and maintenance. The main building materials are wood, glass and metal. The facades consist of two thermovarnished metal sheets perforated on the inner side and embracing the thermal/acoustical insulation. The area of openings and insulating windows is minimized for energetic reasons and a number of photovoltaic arrays has been mounted on the roof for energetic and ecological reasons.

  6. Sistemas vegetales que mejoran la calidad ambiental de las ciudades.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Chanampa

    2009-11-01

    The integration of vegetables systems in architecture can be used as a tool to increase the green areas in cities, enabling the design of envelopes to promote energy saving and respond to specific environmental conditions. Prevegetabled modular cistern covers, facades and opaque-type plants translucent type have been studied. In opaque systems, we analyzed three alternatives: vegetated gabions, vegetated panels and panels in metal case draining plant cell. Regarding translucent solutions, we propose a vertical enclosure designed as a hothouse plant slim with an element and a second intermediate constructive solution designed to protect mobile exterior facade holes built-in support for climbing species. Among the advantages presented by these strategies include increased humidity, lower air temperature, outside air renewal and its application as organic protective components in both summer and winter.

  7. The pre-fabrication of building facades

    CERN Document Server

    Rangel, Bárbara; Faria, José

    2017-01-01

    This book compares two buildings with different technologies and distinct environment from the combined viewpoints of civil engineering and architecture. The first is the most recent building of Columbia University in New York, the Northwest Science Building, a project designed by Rafael Moneo and Dan Brodkin of Ove Arup. The second one is the Burgo Tower in Oporto, by Eduardo Souto Moura and Rui Furtado of AFA, a building that brings a new perspective to the use of prefabrication technologies with local traditional construction systems. With the detailed analyses of recognized researchers in civil engineering and architecture, this book is a reflection upon the problems and solutions in the design and construction process of a prefabricated building system. This volume, like those to follow, brings together, building research and building design practice to enhance the knowledge of complementarity areas involved in construction, engineering and architecture. This is the first book in a new series "Building R...

  8. Approaching climate-adaptive facades with foldings

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sack-Nielsen, Torsten

    2014-01-01

    envelopes based on folding principles such as origami. Three major aspects cover the project’s interest in this topic: Shape, kinetics and the application of new multi-functional materials form the interdisciplinary framework of this research. Shape// Initially small paper sketch models demonstrate folding...

  9. Performance Modelling of Timber Facade Elements

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Surmeli-Anac, A.N.

    2013-01-01

    Windows and doors are essential elements of buildings. These seemingly simple components have become increasingly complex over the last decades. They have to fulfil an increased number of functions which ask for contradictory solutions and need to comply with more and more severe requirements.

  10. Staging Urban Interactions with Media Facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brynskov, Martin; Dalsgaard, Peter; Ebsen, Tobias

    2009-01-01

    Using media façades as a subcategory of urban computing, this paper contributes to the understanding of spatial interaction, sense-making, and social mediation as part of identifying key characteristics of interaction with media façades. Our research addresses in particular the open-ended but fra......Using media façades as a subcategory of urban computing, this paper contributes to the understanding of spatial interaction, sense-making, and social mediation as part of identifying key characteristics of interaction with media façades. Our research addresses in particular the open......-ended but framed nature of interaction, which in conjunction with varying interpretations enables individual sense-making. Moreover, we contribute to the understanding of flexible social interaction by addressing urban interaction in relation to distributed attention, shared focus, dialogue and collective action....... Finally we address challenges for interaction designers encountered in a complex spatial setting calling for a need to take into account multiple viewing and action positions. Our research-through-design approach has included a real-life design intervention in terms of the design, implementation...

  11. Staging Urban Interactions with Media Facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brynskov, Martin; Dalsgaard, Peter; Ebsen, Tobias

    2009-01-01

    Using media façades as a subcategory of urban computing, this paper contributes to the understanding of spatial interaction, sense-making, and social mediation as part of identifying key characteristics of interaction with media façades. Our research addresses in particular the open......-ended but framed nature of interaction, which in conjunction with varying interpretations enables individual sense-making. Moreover, we contribute to the understanding of flexible social interaction by addressing urban interaction in relation to distributed attention, shared focus, dialogue and collective action......, and reflective evaluation of a 180 m2(1937 square feet) interactive media façade in operation 24/7 for more than 50 days....

  12. FACADE SYSTEM MADE OF POROUS MATERIALS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhukov Aleksey Dmitrievich

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available The proposed multi-component façade system is made of porous concretes employed both as bearing structures and for heat insulation and fireproofing purposes. The authors also provide their recommendations in respect of the mounting of the proposed façade system. The façade system considered in the article is composed of wall foam concrete blocks reinforced by basalt fibers (bearing elements of the structure, cellular concrete polystyrene (thermal insulation, and porous concrete (fireproofing and thermal insulation. Retained shuttering (in the fireproofing sections represents chrysolite cement sheets attached to the structures composed of glass-fiber plastic elements. The application of insulating porous concrete as a fireproofing material is based on the principle of adjustable stress-strained states of materials in the environment of variable pressure. This technology was developed at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, and it was initially designated for the manufacturing of tailor-made products. The above concrete is also designated for retained shuttering and modified cavity masonry walls. Porous concrete that expands inside the fireproofing cavity ensures a tight contact both with the basic material and thermal insulation plates. The use of materials of the same origin (Portland cement means the formation of strong transition zones connecting the system components in the course of its hardening and further operation. The results of the thermotechnical calculation demonstrate that the thermal resistance registered on the surface of the wall that is 3 meters high (that has a 0.4 m fireproofing cavity is equal to 3.98 sq. m. C/Wt. The value of the coefficient of thermotechnical heterogeneity (r is equal to 0.86 with account for the thickness and thermal conductivity of point and linear elements. If the thermotechnical heterogeneity is taken into consideration, the thermal resistance of the proposed wall is equal to 3.42 m2 С/Wt.

  13. Research Article

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2016-06-11

    Jun 11, 2016 ... using the larger segments and the less necessity to skilled workers, these ... The building facades are often load bearing and they provide the lateral stability. .... connecting regions have sufficient plastic deformation capacity, ...

  14. 22 de marzo: Día Internacional del Agua

    OpenAIRE

    Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

    2013-01-01

    Con la excusa del día internacional del agua, nos parece importante compartir con ustedes algunos conceptos importantes. ¿A qué se denomina agua potable? Agua potable es aquella que, bien en su estado natural o después de un tratamiento adecuado, es apta para el consumo humano y no produce ningún efecto perjudicial para la salud. Es limpia, transparente, sin olores o sabores desagradables y está libre de contaminantes. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

  15. Tratamiento del concepto de ser vivo y los reinos monera, protista y fungi en la atención a la diversidad de 1º ESO

    OpenAIRE

    Nepote Gorriz, Ainara

    2012-01-01

    Los contenidos que se tratan en este proyecto intentando diseñar unos contenidos y actividades conceptualmente transparentes para el alumnado, se dividen en 2 grandes apartados: primero se trata el concepto de ser vivo con 3 actividades diferentes, y luego los reinos monera, protista y fungi. Los objetivos generales que se establecen para este proyecto son los siguientes: 1. Acercar el concepto de ser vivo a alumnos y a alumnas de atención de la diversidad de 1º ESO ampliand...

  16. Caso: Infección cutánea en el punto de punción de anestesia subaracnoidea

    OpenAIRE

    López Pérez, Jesús; Castañer Ramón-Llín, Carla; Furones Tormo, Beatriz; Fernández Fernández, María Adoración; García Ferreira, Joaquín; Fayos de la Asunción, Miguel E

    2012-01-01

    Mujer de 76 años de edad, con antecedentes de asma bronquial en tratamiento con bromuro de ipatropio e hipertiroidismo tratado con carbimazol. Artrosis generalizada y gonartrosis bilateral. Propuesta para cirugía traumatológica de protesis total de rodilla derecha. Se realiza técnica locorregional mediante anestesia subaracnoidea resultando exitosa tras 4 intentos fallidos de punción, confirmando salida de LCR transparente. Se administra bupivacaina isobárica 14 mg. más 20 mcg de fentanilo...

  17. ESTABILIDADE DE ÁCIDO ASCÓRBICO EM PSEUDOFRUTOS DE CAJU-DO-CERRADO REFRIGERADOS E CONGELADOS STABILITY OF ASCORBIC ACID IN REFRIGERATED AND FROZEN CERRADO CASHEW APPLE

    OpenAIRE

    Jeanne Oliveira; Jeanne Silva Oliveira; Maria Sebastiana Silva; Maria Sebastiana Silva; Mara Reis Silva

    2007-01-01

    O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a estabilidade da vitamina C em pseudofruto de caju-do-cerrado, refrigerado e congelado, em diferentes tempos de armazenamento e embalagens. Os pseudofrutos foram provenientes de dois locais (lotes 1 e 2), tendo sido acondicionados em embalagens de polietileno opacas e transparentes. O lote 1 foi subdivido em duas porções, sendo que uma porção foi refrigerada (4°C) e a outra c...

  18. underst nding green nd sust in ble construction in l gos, nigeri

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    USER

    2015-01-14

    Jan 14, 2015 ... Sustainable development has given rise to ... Energy efficiency is improved, perhaps by relying on the use of natural light and ventilation or solar power ..... strongly about getting strategies for .... of Intelligent Facades based on.

  19. Switchable insulation for using solar energy in buildings. Final report; Schaltbare Waermedaemmung (SWD) zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie in Gebaeuden. Schlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stark, C.; Horn, R.; Hetfleisch, J.; Fricke, J.

    2003-02-25

    Solar energy can be used in buildings via use of transparent insulations. But thereby problems occur, like overheating of building walls in summer and heat losses in the cold season. To solve these problems ZAE Bayern has designed and optimized the switchable insulation SWD, the thermal conductivity of which can be changed from highly insulating to conducting. A computer routine was developed to calculate and to optimize the heat gains. The SWD is switched by desorbing/adsorbing as small amount of hydrogen gas. Desorption is facilitated with an electric heating element. The thermal conductivity of the filling can be varied by about a factor of 40. Several SWD-modules were produced and installed in an outside measuring facility. The heat gains and the durability were investigated for three years. The results of the simulation could be verified and ageing did not occur. For an optimal system the heat gains are in the range of 150 kWh/(m{sup 2}a). The mounting of these panels at south facades is simple, especially for post bolt systems. Contrary to transparent systems the loss of heat in winter is very small and the overheating of the walls behind the SWD in summer can be avoided. (orig.) [German] Zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie in Gebaeuden werden bisher transparente Waermedaemmsysteme eingebaut, die jedoch oft mit Problemen wie Wandueberhitzung im Sommer und Waermeverlusten in der kalten Jahreszeit behaftet sind. Zur Loesung dieser Probleme wurde am ZAE Bayern eine schaltbare Waermedaemmung entwickelt und optimiert, deren Daemmeigenschaft je nach Sonneneinstrahlung und Waermebedarf variiert werden kann. Es wurde ein Programm entwickelt, mit dem die Waermegewinne berechnet und optimiert werden koennen. Die Schaltbarkeit wird durch einen Getter ermoeglicht, der eine ungefaehrliche Menge Wasserstoffgas reversibel aufnehmen und abgeben kann. Die Wasserstoff-Austreibung erfolgt mittels elektrischer Heizung und veraendert die Waermeleitfaehigkeit der Fuellung um einen

  20. Experiences when employing different alternatives for envelope upgrading

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peru Elguezabal Esnarrizaga

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The challenges of achieving the 2020 goals in terms of energy savings and improving efficiency are guiding numerous research initiatives looking for more insulated envelopes, dealing with thermal performance of insulation materials and envelope systems. Nevertheless, the envelope integrates within the building and this improvement on the insulation performance has to be properly adopted, taking into account the interrelation of main elements composing the overall system (facade, frame, slabs, openings, partitions etc., as well as side effects originated not only for new erected buildings, but specifically in renovation and retrofitting works. This paper describes real experiences when considering various options for upgrading the facade through the increase of the insulation capacity, starting from external overcladding prefabricated panels and ventilated facades, advancing to more sustainable low carbon systems and ending with even more highly insulated solutions employing aerogels. Lessons from these cases, where energy and hygrothermal assessments have being carried out, demonstrate the influence of the design and construction phases and the relevance of disregarded effects such as minor thermal bridges, uncontrolled craftsmanship on site, and moisture transfer for the different technologies considered. Finally, possible alternatives are provided to overcome some of the detected difficulties, such as combination with non-metallic structural components and building membranes, and being prepared for future challenges and new developments when these isolative elements are combined with other technologies, as for example, renewable energy harvesting devices.  

  1. Leaching of additives from construction materials to urban storm water runoff.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burkhardt, M; Zuleeg, S; Vonbank, R; Schmid, P; Hean, S; Lamani, X; Bester, K; Boller, M

    2011-01-01

    Urban water management requires further clarification about pollutants in storm water. Little is known about the release of organic additives used in construction materials and the impact of these compounds to storm water runoff. We investigated sources and pathways of additives used in construction materials, i.e., biocides in facades' render as well as root protection products in bitumen membranes for rooftops. Under wet-weather conditions, the concentrations of diuron, terbutryn, carbendazim, irgarol 1051 (all from facades) and mecoprop in storm water and receiving water exceeded the predicted no-effect concentrations values and the Swiss water quality standard of 0.1 microg/L. Under laboratory conditions maximum concentrations of additives were in the range of a few milligrams and a few hundred micrograms per litre in runoff of facades and bitumen membranes. Runoff from aged materials shows approximately one to two orders of magnitude lower concentrations. Concentrations decreased also during individual runoff events. In storm water and receiving water the occurrence of additives did not follow the typical first flush model. This can be explained by the release lasting over the time of rainfall and the complexity of the drainage network. Beside the amounts used, the impact of construction materials containing hazardous additives on water quality is related clearly to the age of the buildings and the separated sewer network. The development of improved products regarding release of hazardous additives is the most efficient way of reducing the pollutant load from construction materials in storm water runoff.

  2. Urban Morphology Influence on Urban Albedo: A Revisit with the S olene Model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Groleau, Dominique; Mestayer, Patrice G.

    2013-05-01

    This heuristic study of the urban morphology influence on urban albedo is based on some 3,500 simulations with the S olene model. The studied configurations include square blocks in regular and staggered rows, rectangular blocks with different street widths, cross-shaped blocks, infinite street canyons and several actual districts in Marseilles, Toulouse and Nantes, France. The scanned variables are plan density, facade density, building height, layout orientation, latitude, date and time of the day. The sky-view factors of the ground and canopy surfaces are also considered. This study demonstrates the significance of the facade density, in addition to the built plan density, as the explanatory geometrical factor to characterize the urban morphology, rather than building height. On the basis of these albedo calculations the puzzling results of Kondo et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 100:225-242, 2001) for the influence of building height are explained, and the plan density influence is quantitatively assessed. It is shown that the albedo relationship with plan and facade densities obtained with the regular square plot configuration may be considered as a reference for all other configurations, with the exception of the infinite street canyon that shows systematic differences for the lower plan densities. The curves representing this empirical relationship may be used as a sort of abacus for all other geometries while an approximate simple mathematical model is proposed, as well as relationships between the albedo and sky-view factors.

  3. Integration of distributed plant lifecycle data using ISO 15926 and Web services

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Byung Chul; Teijgeler, Hans; Mun, Duhwan; Han, Soonhung

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → The ISO 15926 parts that provide implementation methods are under development. → A prototype of an ISO 15926-based data repository called a facade was implemented. → The prototype facade has the advantages of data interoperability and integration. → These are obtained through the features of ISO 15926 and Web services. - Abstract: Considering the financial, safety, and environmental risks related to industrial installations, it is of paramount importance that all relevant lifecycle information is readily available. Parts of this lifecycle information are stored in a plethora of computer systems, often scattered around the world and in many native formats and languages. These parts can create a complete, holistic set of lifecycle data only when they are integrated together. At present, no software is available that can integrate these parts into one coherent, distributed, and up-to-date set. The ISO 15926 standard has been developed, and in part is still under development, to overcome this problem. In this paper, the authors discuss a prototype of an ISO 15926-based data repository called a facade, and its Web services are implemented for storing the equipment data of a nuclear power plant and servicing the data to interested organizations. This prototype is for a proof-of-concept study regarding the ISO 15926 parts that are currently under development and that are expected to provide implementation methods for the integration of distributed plant systems.

  4. Prediction of Wind Environment and Indoor/Outdoor Relationships for PM2.5 in Different Building–Tree Grouping Patterns

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bo Hong

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Airflow behavior and indoor/outdoor PM2.5 dispersion in different building–tree grouping patterns depend significantly on the building–tree layouts and orientation towards the prevailing wind. By using a standard k-ε model and a revised generalized drift flux model, this study evaluated airflow fields and indoor/outdoor relationships for PM2.5 resulting from partly wind-induced natural ventilation in four hypothetical building–tree grouping patterns. Results showed that: (1 Patterns provide a variety of natural ventilation potential that relies on the wind influence, and buildings that deflect wind on the windward facade and separate airflow on the leeward facade have better ventilation potential; (2 Patterns where buildings and trees form a central space and a windward opening side towards the prevailing wind offer the best ventilation conditions; (3 Under the assumption that transported pollution sources are diluted through the inlet, the aerodynamics and deposition effects of trees cause the lower floors of a multi-storey building to be exposed to lower PM2.5 compared with upper floors, and lower indoor PM2.5 values were found close to the tree canopy; (4 Wind pressure differences across each flat showed a poor correlation (R2 = 0.059, with indoor PM2.5 concentrations; and (5 Patterns with the long facade of buildings and trees perpendicular to the prevailing wind have the lowest indoor PM2.5 concentrations.

  5. Development of a simplified method for intelligent glazed façade design under different control strategies and verified by building simulation tool BSim

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Mingzhe; Wittchen, Kim Bjarne; Heiselberg, Per

    2014-01-01

    The research aims to develop a simplified calculation method for intelligent glazed facade under different control conditions (night shutter, solar shading and natural ventilation) to simulate the energy performance and indoor environment of an office room installed with the intelligent facade......, it is possible to calculate the whole year performance of a room or building with intelligent glazed façade, which makes it a less time consuming tool to investigate the performance of the intelligent façade under different control strategies in the design stage with acceptable accuracy. Results showed good....... The method took the angle dependence of the solar characteristic into account, including the simplified hourly building model developed according to EN 13790 to evaluate the influence of the controlled façade on both the indoor environment (indoor air temperature, solar transmittance through the façade...

  6. Experimental Set-up and Full-scale measurements in the ‘Cube'

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kalyanova, Olena; Heiselberg, Per

    The Cube' is an outdoor test facility located at the main campus of Aalborg University. It has been built in the fall of 2005 with the purpose of detailed investigations of the DSF performance, development of the empirical test cases for validation and further improvements of various building...... of any power supplied to the experimental zone in order to maintain the necessary thermal conditions. An accuracy of these measurements is justified by the quality of the facility construction: ‘the Cube' is very well insulated and tight....... simulation software for the modelling of buildings with double skin facades in the frame of IEA ECBCS ANNEX 43/SHC Task 34, Subtask EDouble Skin Facade. The test facility is designed to be flexible for a choice of the DSF operational modes, natural or mechanical flow conditions, different types of shading...

  7. Remainder Wheels and Group Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brenton, Lawrence

    2008-01-01

    Why should prospective elementary and high school teachers study group theory in college? This paper examines applications of abstract algebra to the familiar algorithm for converting fractions to repeating decimals, revealing ideas of surprising substance beneath an innocent facade.

  8. Aplicaciones del exopolisac??rido producido por la cepa HK30 de Halomonas nitroreducens en la industria farmac??utica

    OpenAIRE

    Amjres, Hakima; B??jar Luque, Mar??a Victoria; Quesada Arroquia, Emilia; Abrini, J.; Llamas Company, Inmaculada

    2010-01-01

    INTRODUCCI??N Una de las l??neas de investigaci??n que desarrolla el Grupo Exopolisac??ridos Microbianos (BIO 188) es el aislamiento y caracterizaci??n de nuevos microorganismos hal??filos productores de EPSs con propiedades f??sicas y qu??micas competitivas con los ya existentes en la industria. De estos estudios destaca el pol??mero V2-7 (Halomonas eurihalina F2-7) que origina geles transparentes1, el maurano (H. maura S-30) cuya viscosidad compite con la del xantano2 y los E...

  9. Fotobiorreactor para el cultivo en continuo de microalgas y sistema modular que comprende dichos fotobiorreactores

    OpenAIRE

    Asensio Beltran, Enrique

    2009-01-01

    El sistema incorpora fotobiorreactores (22) regulados por programadores (16) e interconectados formando módulos regulados por una unidad de control. Cada fotobiorreactor (22) incorpora al menos una cámara (1) de cultivo, transparente, permitiendo el paso de un circuito de aireación (2), de un circuito de medio de cultivo (3) y, opcionalmente, de un circuito de intercambio de calor. El circuito de aireación (2) suministra CO2 a Y retira O2 de la cámara (1) de cultivo. E...

  10. Cuento: Sed

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adel López Gómez

    1968-05-01

    Full Text Available Así como el sueño de los hambrientos está poblado de apetitosas viandas, misia Cruzanita Romero vagaba. a lo largo de su intranquilo reposo por un mundo sonoro de fuentes cristalinas e inalcanzables. Y mientras el agua fluía sobre la tierra o se elevaba en ágiles arcos, o reposaba en transparentes vasijas, sus piernas y sus manos permanecían inmóviles. Pero su boca aparecía entreabierta, reseca, sollozante y trémula.

  11. Rothschildia lebeau, una bella mariposa nocturna: Observar de cerca lo que usualmente pasamos inadvertido

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández-Chavarría, Francisco; Sittenfeld, Ana; Murillo-Hiller, Ricardo

    2005-01-01

    El Orden Lepidoptera incluye a las mariposas diurnas y las nocturnas; mientras que las primeras son asociadas con belleza, las segundas son menospreciadas e incluso relacionadas principalmente con plagas y en términos generales es poco apreciada su belleza implícita. Rothschildia lebeau es un ejemplo de una mariposa nocturna de gran belleza; su nombre vernáculo es “Cuatro ventanas”, debido a que presenta en cada una de sus alas un área transparente que simula una ventana. Una visión detallada...

  12. Incidência de microorganismos em sementes de café robusta durante o armazenamento

    OpenAIRE

    BRACCINI,ALESSANDRO DE LUCCA E; SCAPIM,CARLOS ALBERTO; BRACCINI,MARIA DO CARMO LANA; ANDRADE,CARLOS ALBERTO DE BASTOS; VIDIGAL FILHO,PEDRO SOARES

    1999-01-01

    Foi realizado um trabalho com o objetivo de isolar e identificar os microrganismos presentes em sementes de café robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) no decorrer do armazenamento. Para tanto, sementes de café do cultivar Conillon, acondicionadas em diferentes embalagens (saco de polietileno transparente, saco de papel kraft e saco de algodão) e com graus de umidade iniciais distintos (25 e 35%) foram submetidas a cinco períodos de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses), em condições c...

  13. Incidência de microorganismos em sementes de café robusta durante o armazenamento Incidence of microorganisms in robusta coffee seeds during the storage

    OpenAIRE

    ALESSANDRO DE LUCCA E BRACCINI; CARLOS ALBERTO SCAPIM; MARIA DO CARMO LANA BRACCINI; CARLOS ALBERTO DE BASTOS ANDRADE; PEDRO SOARES VIDIGAL FILHO

    1999-01-01

    Foi realizado um trabalho com o objetivo de isolar e identificar os microrganismos presentes em sementes de café robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) no decorrer do armazenamento. Para tanto, sementes de café do cultivar Conillon, acondicionadas em diferentes embalagens (saco de polietileno transparente, saco de papel kraft e saco de algodão) e com graus de umidade iniciais distintos (25 e 35%) foram submetidas a cinco períodos de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses), em condições c...

  14. Un framework aspectual para la evaluación de usabilidad automática de tareas

    OpenAIRE

    Farías, Roberto

    2014-01-01

    La programación orientada a aspectos permite automatizar varias actividades de la evaluación de la usabilidad, en forma dinámica, transparente para el usuario y separada del código de las aplicaciones. A diferencia de otras propuestas, que se han centrado en pruebas que recolectan datos de bajo nivel de abstracción, este trabajo presenta un framework que permite realizar la evaluación de la usabilidad en aplicaciones de escritorio en el contexto de tareas de usuario. El framework consiste ...

  15. Interoperabilidad entre el LMS Moodle y las aplicaciones educativas de propósito específico utilizando servicios del IMS-LTI

    OpenAIRE

    Soto Cardinault, Cynthia Guadalupe; Menéndez Domínguez, Víctor Hugo; Aguilar Vera, Raúl Antonio

    2015-01-01

    Compartir y reutilizar recursos digitales de alta calidad resulta una necesidad creciente en materia educativa; por ello, es conveniente conocer mecanismos de interoperabilidad con sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje transparentes de implementar y que permiten aprovechar al máximo las características propias de su diseño instruccional. En este artículo, presentamos una introducción al estándar de interoperabilidad IMS-LTI que ayuda a que esto sea posible y un breve análisis comparativo respect...

  16. Módulo instruccional y modelo de conocimiento de la tectónica de placas basado en el aprendizaje significativo

    OpenAIRE

    Pascual Bonel, Lara

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo de este proyecto es el aprendizaje significativo de la tectónica de placas y la elaboración de un material conceptualmente transparente acerca de la misma, es decir, la realización, basada en los conocimientos previos y errores conceptuales del alumnado, de un modelo de conocimiento y módulo instruccional que permitan la construcción significativa del conocimiento acerca de esta teoría Máster Universitario en Formación del Profesorado de Educación Secundaria Unibertsitate Ma...

  17. Branded Content: Contenidos que marcan. Revisión de casos recientes

    OpenAIRE

    Castelló, Araceli

    2014-01-01

    1. El nuevo contexto comunicativo 2. Definición de Branded Content 3. Branded Content y otros formatos: ¿qué es Branded Content y qué no? 4. Elementos del Branded Content • Big Data • Engagement • Storytelling • Viralidad • Transmedialidad • Una marca cercana, transparente y comprometida 5. El Branded Content dentro de la estrategia de comunicación Conferencia para los alumnos de 1º de Comunicación Audiovisual de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación U...

  18. Nuevo modelo de presupuestación de obras basado en procesos productivos

    OpenAIRE

    Montes Delgado, María Victoria de

    2007-01-01

    El nuevo modelo tiene por objeto el desarrollo de un innovador procedimiento de redacción de presupuestos de obras de edificación. Para ello, partiendo de la planificación, organización y programación de las mismas proporciona estimaciones de los costes esperados de su ejecución a medida, integrales, detallados, transparentes e, incluso, susceptibles de se ... r optimizados. Así, los presupuestos por procesos facilitan a los agentes de la edificación (promotor, constructor, equipo técnico, ge...

  19. Netzwerkeffekte im Electronic Commerce

    OpenAIRE

    Hasfeld, Peter

    2005-01-01

    Mit dem Aufkommen von E-Commerce verband sich die Einschätzung vieler Ökonomen, dass die transparente Struktur und der ortsunabhängige Zugriff per Internet zu nahezu vollkommenem Wettbewerb auf elektronischen Märkten führen würde. Letztendlich, so eine weitverbreitete Annahme, würde ein verstärkter Wettbewerb in elektronischen Märkten einsetzen, womit sich sowohl das Preisniveau als auch die Preisstreuung erheblich gegenüber physischen Märkten vermindern würde. Diese Prophezeiungen bezüglich ...

  20. When the plant is taking shape

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meyer, J.P.

    2006-01-01

    Solar thermal facades can be used for extraordinary architectural designs. Results of intensive investigations are now available, which show how well vertical solar plants function. Surprisingly even the north side of a house can be covered with solar collectors. (orig.)

  1. Template Assembly for Detailed Urban Reconstruction

    KAUST Repository

    Nan, Liangliang; Wonka, Peter; Ghanem, Bernard; Jiang, Caigui

    2015-01-01

    Structure from Motion and Multi View Stereo, and we model a set of 3D templates of facade details. Next, we optimize the initial coarse model to enforce consistency between geometry and appearance (texture images). Then, building details are reconstructed

  2. Automatic Constraint Detection for 2D Layout Regularization

    KAUST Repository

    Jiang, Haiyong; Nan, Liangliang; Yan, Dongming; Dong, Weiming; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Wonka, Peter

    2015-01-01

    plans or images, such as floor plans and facade images, and for the improvement of user created contents, such as architectural drawings and slide layouts. To regularize a layout, we aim to improve the input by detecting and subsequently enforcing

  3. CISBAT 2007 - Design and renovation of building envelopes (bioclimatic architecture)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2007-07-01

    This is the second part of the proceedings of the 2007 CISBAT conference on Renewables in a changing climate, held in Lausanne, Switzerland. On the subject of sustainable building envelopes the following oral contributions are summarised: 'Flexible photovoltaics integrated in transparent membrane and pneumatic foil constructions', 'Development of a numerical thermal model for double skin facades', 'Thermal performance analysis for an electrochromic vacuum glazing with low emittance coatings', 'Challenging the public building sector: optimization of energy performance by sustainable strategies', 'Simulation of the thermal performance of a climate adaptive skin', 'Possibilities for upgrading prefabricated concrete building envelopes', 'Experimental study of airflow and heat transfer in a double skin facade with blinds', 'Energy efficiency of a glazing system - Case study: a dynamic glazing and double skin facades - the use of venetian blinds and night ventilation for saving energy on mediterranean climate'. Poster-sessions on the subject include 'Adaptive building envelopes design ', 'GRC facade panels in Brazil', 'Solar absorptance of building opaque surfaces', 'Evaluating the thermal behavior of exterior walls (in residential buildings of hot-dry climate of Yazd)', 'Energy performance of buildings and local energy policy: the case of new residential buildings in Greve in Chianti (Firenze)', 'Space heating and domestic hot water energy demand in high-level-insulation multi-storey buildings in Tuscany (Italy)', 'Is 2000 W society possible, affordable, and socially acceptable for the Vaud existing school building?', 'Development of simplified method for measuring solar shading performance of windows', 'Studies of ecological architecture in China's Loess Plateau region', 'Contemporary mud

  4. Overvågning af influenza A virus i svin - Slutrapport 2016

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Krog, Jesper Schak; Hjulsager, Charlotte Kristiane; Larsen, Lars Erik

    influenza (sæson 2015/16), hvor vi tidligere kun harpåvist H3hu fra sæson 2004/05. Det interessante ved dette virus er, at det er en triplereassortment, hvor alle de interne gener stammer fra H1N1pdm09 subtypen, mens N2 stammer fra H3N2/H1N2 fra svin, og H3 er af human oprindelse. Da det humane H3 gen har...... subtypet vha. real time RT-PCR. Disse analyser viste, at de to mest almindelige subtyper i danske svin i 2016 var den danske variant af H1N2 og H1N1pdm09. Prævalensen af det almindelige svineinfluenzavirus ”avian-likeswine” H1N1 var ligesom i 2014 og 2015 meget lav. Det influenzavirus af subtypen H3N2, der...... har cirkuleret i Danmark siden 1990, men med meget lav prævalens de senere år, blev ligesom i 2015 ikke påvist i 2016. Den centraleuropæiske variant af H1N2, der har et human-like HAgen, er stadig ikke påvist i danske svin. Virus med subtypen H1pdm09 blev påvist i 52 indsendelser fra 48 besætninger og...

  5. AMTEC thermo-electric conversion. Final report; AMTEC termo-elektrisk konvertering. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Christensen, H

    1994-10-15

    The aim was to gain experience on how to produce Alkali Metal Thermo-Electric-Converter (AMTEC) cells, for the demonstration of their principles and potentials, as a basis for future commercialization. These cells should be able to present an efficient and direct conversion of thermal energy to electric energy. The system is based on an electro-chemical concentration cell built around a {beta}`` aluminium oxide membrane that separates the two chambers. This material is a good conductor of sodium and a bad conductor of electrons, and it is this property which is taken advantage of. In the two chambers of the cell is found saturated sodium vapour at two temperatures. The motive power is the expansion over the membrane where the sodium ions are transported through it whilst the electrons are forced through the outer cycle. This concept is described in detail in addition to the choice of materials, performance testing and results. It was found possible to produce AMTEC electrodes via serigraphic feeding. The strengths and weaknesses of the finished product are illuminated. (AB) (10 refs.)

  6. District Heating at Power Failures - Final Report; Fjaerrvaerme vid Elavbrott - Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lauenburg, Patrick; Johansson, Per-Olof

    2008-11-15

    Our society is vulnerable to prolonged power cuts. In cold weather interrupted heating is one of the most serious threats. District heating is available at most locations in Sweden and if heat can be transferred to the connected buildings at a power failure, it is of great importance for securing energy supply. In this work it was found that there are good opportunities for upholding heat supply at a power failure through self-circulation in connected radiator system, which has previously been overlooked. Self Circulation occurs when there is a sufficiently large temperature difference between forward and return line in the radiator system. The control and circulation in radiator systems will fail, but if the district heating water can continue to pass through the heat exchangers of the radiator systems self-circulation can occur. A prerequisite for self-circulation in the individual buildings to work is therefore to district heating network can operate at a power failure. District heating supply must have back to maintain the production and distribution of district heating, which is not always the case. Our studies show that there is every reason to this. Moreover there are customers that have their own reserve aggregates, such as hospitals, which are dependent on the district heating network function. In an extensive power failure, it may be desirable to establish a smaller grid, separate from backbone, using local electricity generation. The establishment of such a network requires there is local production which can start to loose voltage networks and has necessary control equipment for the frequency approach. In Malmoe, it is now possible to establish a such a network with the help of local production units. A prerequisite is that there are consumption of heating. It is not unusual for power plants (which produce both electricity and heat) is dependent on the pipe system for cooling the production of electricity. One can from the results also argue that every district should have cogeneration for a security of supply. The results show that the vast majority of buildings can be self-circulation in a power failure equivalent to 40-80 percent of the warming effect. Hot water systems covered primarily not of this, even if some hot water production can be possible. Self-circulation works better the higher the ambient temperature is. However, most buildings, possibly after some modifications, have at least 50 percent of the warming impact at a very low ambient temperature, which means that you normally do for several days before a possible evacuation becomes necessary. The studies have enabled a number of recommendations have been compiled. The recommendations are designed to increase opportunities for self-circulation of different systems and is addressed to all parties concerned, i.e. from authorities and district heating companies to manufacturers, building owners, operators and residents, and includes both preparatory steps and these actions can be taken when a power failure has been occurred. Finally, we note that there should be a value in the form of the presented results are a selling point for the district and the societal costs of example, reserve units and possible evacuations can be reduced

  7. LED lighting for greenhouses. Final report; LED belysning til vaeksthuse. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    OEstergaard, J.E. (Syddansk Univ. (SDU). Erhvervsinnovation og Teknologi, Odense (Denmark))

    2011-01-15

    The project had 3 main objectives: 1) To develop a prototype of a LED-based luminaire that can replace the existing glasshouse horticultural lighting. The project have developed a working prototype and experimentally replaced the traditional HPS luminaires in a controlled growing area. The project succeeded in producing plants of comparable quality. However, the project shows that the prototype can be improved by: x) being further integrated into the existing horticultural production technology (eg climate computers and purchase of electricity) x) adapting configuration of luminaires specifically to each plant variety x) adapting different cooling technologies to match specific customer needs x) In some cases being combined with heat input to optimize the overall economy. 2) To achieve an effective electricity savings of 50-80% - equivalent to a value of approx. DKK 5 million for a medium sized nursery. The verified electricity savings was 40%. In test setups and in well defined and controllable production areas the prototypes achieved electricity savings of > 50%. It is expected that a new generation of LEDs (Q3 2010) will allow for greater power savings. 3) To continue prototype development and initiate commercialization of the project through the company Fionia Lighting A/S. The shareholders of the company have allocated capital to the company to allow us to address the main challenges in commercializing the technology. It is expected that the company will enter a strategic alliance with a major industrial player in the beginning of 2011. (Author)

  8. Udvikling af LED lyskilder og lamper. Slutrapport for PSO 337-068

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dam-Hansen, Carsten; Petersen, Paul Michael; Thestrup Nielsen, Birgitte

    This report is the final and concluding report on the research and development project “Development of LED light sources and lamps” PSO no. 337-068 supported by Dansk Energi – Net. The project was a collaboration between Risø National laboratory, Louis Poulsen Lighting, Dong Energy, Laboratoriet...

  9. A completely transparent, adhesively bonded soda-lime glass block masonry system

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Oikonomopoulou, F.; Veer, F.A.; Nijsse, R.; Baardolf, G.

    2014-01-01

    A pioneering, all transparent, self-supporting glass block facade is presented in this paper. Previously realized examples utilize embedded metal components in order to obtain the desired structural performance despite the fact that these elements greatly affect the facade’s overall transparency

  10. Final Empirical Test Case Specification

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kalyanova, Olena; Heiselberg, Per

    This document includes the empirical specification on the IEA task of evaluation building energy simulation computer programs for the Double Skin Facades (DSF) constructions. There are two approaches involved into this procedure, one is the comparative approach and another is the empirical one....

  11. Application of computational fluid dynamics in building performance simulation for the outdoor environment: an overview

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Blocken, B.J.E.; Stathopoulos, T.; Carmeliet, J.; Hensen, J.L.M.

    2011-01-01

    This paper provides an overview of the application of CFD in building performance simulation for the outdoor environment, focused on four topics: (1) pedestrian wind environment around buildings, (2) wind-driven rain on building facades, (3) convective heat transfer coefficients at exterior building

  12. Wind pressure loading for tall buidings: a case study of Warsaw Trade Tower

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Cwik, M

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available of the building model and its surroundings, as well as the testing methods are described. The second part provides a description of the evaluation of the extreme pressure values using Gumbel distribution. Minimum and maximum wind pressure patterns over facade...

  13. Kinetic Super-Resolution Long-Wave Infrared (KSR LWIR) Thermography Diagnostic for Building Envelopes: Scott AFB, IL

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-08-18

    structures. The system software au- tomatically analyzes the thermal imagery and provides a custom report for each building that recommends cost-effective...possible using traditional thermogra- phy. This includes building facade data and building orientation. The au- tomated data processing system also

  14. Energy efficiency and acoustic comfort in Public Education Integrated Centers (PEICs); Eficiencia energetica e conforto acustico em CIEPs (Centros Intregrados de Educacao Publica)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Azevedo, Mariane Brito; Goncalves, Aldo Carlos de Moura [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Fac. de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Arquitetura], e-mail: mariane.azevedo@ufrj.br, e-mail: aldo@msl.com.br; Salama, Jules Ghislain [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: julessslama@msl.com.br

    2008-07-01

    This paper intends to analyse the situation of the Rio de Janeiro Public Education Integrated Centers (PEICs) and presents proposals for reducing the existing acoustic problem, due to their facades and divisors, trying to harmonize the natural ventilation with control of sound pollution.

  15. The application of experimental design methodology for the investigation of liquid radioactive waste treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Šljivić-Ivanović Marija Z.

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The sorption properties of waste facade, brick, and asphalt sample towards Sr(II, Co(II, and Ni(II ions from single and multicomponent solutions were investigated. The highest sorption capacity was found for Ni(II ions, while the most effective sorbent was facade. Simplex Centroid Mixture Design was used in order to investigate the sorption processes of ions from solutions with different composition as well as the competition between the cations. Based on the statistical analysis results, the equations for data modeling were proposed. According to the observations, the investigated solid matrices can be effectively used for the liquid radioactive waste treatment. Furthermore, the applied methodology turned out to be an easy and operational way for the investigations of multicomponent sorption processes. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 43009 and Grant no. OI 171007

  16. Gendered portraits of depression in Swedish newspapers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bengs, Carita; Johansson, Eva; Danielsson, Ulla; Lehti, Arja; Hammarström, Anne

    2008-07-01

    Mass media are influential mediators of information, knowledge, and narratives of health and illness. In this article, we report on an examination of personal accounts of illness as presented in three Swedish newspapers, focusing on the gendered representation of laypersons' experiences of depression. A database search identified all articles mentioning depression during the year 2002. Twenty six articles focusing on personal experiences of depression were then subjected to a qualitative content analysis. We identified four themes: displaying a successful facade, experiencing a cracking facade, losing and regaining control, and explaining the illness. We found both similarities and differences with regard to gendered experiences. The mediated accounts of depression both upheld and challenged traditional gender stereotypes. The women's stories were more detailed, relational, emotionally oriented, and embodied. The portrayal of men was less emotional and expressive, and described a more dramatic onset of depression, reflecting hegemonic patterns of masculinity.

  17. Study of sulphation of Candoglia marble by means of micro X-ray diffraction experiments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pedrazzani, R.; Alessandri, I.; Bontempi, E.; Cappitelli, F.; Cianci, M.; Pantos, E.; Toniolo, L.; Depero, L. E.

    2006-06-01

    This research is aimed at assessing the particular kind of damage caused by the interaction between atmospheric pollution and the marble surface of a magnificent late gothic church, Milan Cathedral, restored in the early 1970s. On the basis of visual inspections and diagnostic investigations the facade appears to be seriously damaged by surface erosion and thick black crusts; biological crusts, micro-fractures and detachments are widely present. This paper reports on SR-μXRD data collected at the Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS), Daresbury Laboratory, and at the European Synchrotron Radiation Source (ESRF) from selected samples, covered with black crusts, originating from the Milan Cathedral facade. Mineralogical maps of the deterioration layers have been recorded by two spatial resolutions (5-100 μm), from the bulk of the stone material to the outer layer of the black surface. These maps help in elucidating the mechanism of formation of the black crusts.

  18. AUTOMATIC ARCHITECTURAL STYLE RECOGNITION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Mathias

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Procedural modeling has proven to be a very valuable tool in the field of architecture. In the last few years, research has soared to automatically create procedural models from images. However, current algorithms for this process of inverse procedural modeling rely on the assumption that the building style is known. So far, the determination of the building style has remained a manual task. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which automates this process through classification of architectural styles from facade images. Our classifier first identifies the images containing buildings, then separates individual facades within an image and determines the building style. This information could then be used to initialize the building reconstruction process. We have trained our classifier to distinguish between several distinct architectural styles, namely Flemish Renaissance, Haussmannian and Neoclassical. Finally, we demonstrate our approach on various street-side images.

  19. Plus energy house. Final technical report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yde, L.

    1996-05-01

    A description of a demonstration project, located near Viborg in Denmark, involving a 400 m{sup 2} house with low energy consumption which has a 200 m{sup 2} living/working area, a 240 m{sup 2} mobile insulated glass facade and a solar greenhouse of 200 m{sup 2} which in addition to plant production can be used for recreational purposes. Humidity in the greenhouse is regulated by heat pumps condensing the water-laden air and thus producing hot water for space heating. The heat pumps maintain a 70% relative humidity in the greenhouse and surplus heat to the amount of 300 kWh/m{sup 2} of glass facade area is produced annually. Excess heat to the amount of 75.000 kWh is available for space heating in adjoining houses. The glazed roof of the house and greenhouse is constructed of two layers of tempered glass. The 20 cm space between the layers, when filled with polystyrene beads, provides thermal insulation equal to that of traditionally insulated outer house-walls. The beads can be sucked in and out of the roof space and can also be used for shading during the summer. It is concluded that the house (400 m{sup 2}) consumes the same quantity of energy as houses of a similar size and at the same time produces 300 kWh/m{sup 2} p.a. with the glass south facade, corresponding to what a solar collector produces per m{sup 2}. (AB)

  20. Elementos clave para definir el concepto de utilidad en la información financiera

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez A., José Miguel

    2017-01-01

    Los estados financieros tienen como principal objetivo suministrar información acerca de la situación financiera, desempeño y cambios en la posición financiera. Que esa información sea comparable, transparente y de alta calidad, para los usuarios al momento de tomar de decisiones económicas. Es así, como el término utilidad comienza a ser usado ampliamente como adjetivo de la información financiera, y hasta se ha considerado como la esencia de un nuevo enfoque: El paradigma ...

  1. La situación energética en el Pacto Andino

    OpenAIRE

    Centro de Estudios Sudamericanos

    2008-01-01

    Los países de la región han venido modernizando sus sectores energéticos y han adoptado enfoques similares en cuanto a objetivos generales como la búsqueda de la eficiencia mediante mecanismos de mercado donde ello sea posible; la tendencia al alejamiento del Estado de actividades puramente empresariales y su focalización en los temas de regulación y control; la puesta en marcha de políticas transparentes que promuevan la competencia; y la participación de inversionistas privados, etc. No obs...

  2. Historia de la Iglesia en América Latina: una interpretación

    OpenAIRE

    Enrique Dussel

    1983-01-01

    (primeiro parágrafo do artigo) Todo acontecimiento histórico es irrepetible, único. Todo relato o descripción de un hecho histórico (el "hecho" no es el acontecimiento mismo, sino una manera de manifiestarse) no puede ser transparente, neu-tral, inmediato. Todo relato supone una "interpretación", sea ésta conciente o no, querida o no voluntariamente intentada . Toda historia de la Iglesia (como relato científico — Historie — y no como el acontecimiento mismo — Gesehen —) supone un cierto ...

  3. Microscopia confocal cuantitativa del haze corneal y correlación con la ametropía a tratar en cirugía refractiva de superficie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Rojas Alvarez

    2016-07-01

    Conclusiones: El grosor del haze corneal obtenido en pacientes intervenidos con excímer láser mediante la técnica LASEK es dependiente de la magnitud de la ametropía a tratar, y adquiere su mayor valor a los 3 meses de posoperatorio. La magnitud de la ametropía no es el único factor influyente en la aparición y grosor del haze. En córneas transparentes en el posoperatorio de LASEK siempre existe algún grado de haze corneal morfométrico.

  4. Evaluación del proceso electoral 2006: el testimonio de un consejero distrital del IFE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Pedraza Reyes

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Es preciso reflexionar sobre el conflicto poselectoral que se produjo en México tras las elecciones del 2 de julio de 2006, con el propósito de esclarecer hasta qué punto fueron justas y transparentes, así como para determinar si el Instituto Federal Electoral se condujo con estricto apego a la ley o distorsionando la voluntad de los electores. A este fin, pueden ser de alguna utilidad las experiencias recogidas por los ciudadanos que fungieron como consejeros en los distintos distritos federales.

  5. Aplicação dos princípios da construção enxuta em obras pequenas e de curto prazo

    OpenAIRE

    Wiginescki, Beatriz Becker

    2010-01-01

    Resumo: Problemas do modelo tradicional de produção na construção civil, nas áreas de planejamento, gerenciamento e controle, levam a processos produtivos fragmentados, pouco transparentes e variáveis. Ao analisar os diferentes tipos de obras no setor da construção civil, pode-se identificar a recorrência de inúmeras características problemáticas, tanto produtivas como gerenciais. Neste contexto se enquadram as obras de pequeno porte e de curta duração, que por vezes apresentam problemas acen...

  6. Aula Virtual. Evolució del maquinari i millora de resultats

    OpenAIRE

    Paloma Moreno Clari; Agustín López Bueno; Salvador Roca Marquina

    2009-01-01

    Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) han contribuido al desarrollo de plataformas e.learning de apoyo a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Actualmente, la mayoría de universidades cuentan con algún tipo de sistema de gestión del aprendizaje (en inglés, LMS). El óptimo uso de estas plataformas requiere que integren las aplicaciones preexistentes de forma transparente. Esto se consigue con el uso de una arquitectura robusta. En este artículo expondremos la implementació...

  7. La influencia de la sociedad del conocimiento en la modernización de la Administración Pública

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Usero, José Ángel; Lara Navarra, Pablo; Beltrán Orenes, María Pilar

    2006-01-01

    Se analizan los principales factores que influyen en la modernización de la Administración Pública. La nueva sociedad y economía basada en el conocimiento ha afectado de forma primordial a las organizaciones públicas, que son auténticas organizaciones intensivas en información. Las organizaciones públicas han adaptado su gestión para satisfacer los nuevos requisitos impuestos por la sociedad y la tecnología: una gestión transparente, la automatización de los procesos internos, la introducció...

  8. TERRITORIALIDADES SUPERPUESTAS, SOBERANÍA EN DISPUTA: LECCIONES EMPÍRICAS DESDE AMÉRICA LATINA

    OpenAIRE

    John Agnew; Ulrich Oslender

    2010-01-01

    Debates recientes en geografía política han cuestionado la soberanía idealizada del Estado-nación como rígidamente vinculada a la noción de una territorialidad transparente marcada en el espacio por fronteras establecidas. La soberanía no necesita asumir esta forma particular. En este artículo proponemos la noción de «territorialidades superpuestas» para analizar la intersección de fuentes de autoridad territorial, diferentes de la autoridad del Estado-nación. Examinaremos cómo la disputa del...

  9. Tipografia popular: potências do ilegível na experiência do cotidiano

    OpenAIRE

    Bruno Guimaraes Martins

    2005-01-01

    À margem das mídias convencionais, a tipografia popular é um ato comunicativo que aparece discretamente no espaço cotidiano. Forma anônima de comunicação, essa escrita do homem ordinário é capaz de estimular a atividade criadora do leitor de seus caracteres excêntricos e irregulares. Quando os princípios definidores da legibilidade se fazem ausentes, a letra distancia-se da idéia de um signo transparente e o ilegível emerge como potencializador de sentidos. Esse processo de leitura incomum, p...

  10. Thin-film silicon solar cells and sensors deposited on flexible substrates

    OpenAIRE

    Pinto, Emílio Sérgio Marins Vieira

    2014-01-01

    Tese de doutoramento do Programa Doutoral em Física (MAP-fis) Células solares flexíveis de filmes finos de silício são geralmente fabricadas a baixa temperatura sobre substratos de plástico ou a mais elevadas temperaturas sobre folhas de aço. Esta tese reporta o estudo da deposição de filmes finos sobre diferentes substratos de plástico, transparentes e coloridos, para células solares do tipo sobrestrato e substrato, respectivamente. Como objetivo co-lateral, os filmes dopados depositados ...

  11. Simulación del efecto producido por una catarata nuclear sobre la calidad óptica de un ojo sano

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Moro, Marta

    2014-01-01

    En Oftalmología, se conoce como catarata a la opacificación parcial o total del cristalino. El cristalino es una de las partes del ojo que normalmente es transparente y que actúa como una lente en una cámara, enfocando la luz a medida que ésta pasa hasta la parte posterior del ojo. Entre sus características, se encuentra la capacidad de modificar su curvatura y espesor mediante el proceso de acomodación para enfocar objetos cercanos y lejanos y verlos con mayor claridad. El cristalino está...

  12. Estudo e intervenção no livro de Consultas e Decretos da Rainha D. Maria I – Aplicação e métodos de remoção de reforços e adesivos

    OpenAIRE

    Dias, Tânia Filipa Cardoso

    2015-01-01

    O presente trabalho tem como principal propósito selecionar novas metodologias de intervenção a aplicar na obra “Livro de Consultas e Decretos da Rainha D. Maria I” pertencente à Chancelaria Régia do Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa. Para tal, desenvolveu-se a contextualização histórica do livro e do Fundo e realizou-se o levantamento das problemáticas como as tintas ferrogálicas, manchas causadas por macro e microorganismos no papel, e reforços com papéis transparentes resultantes de restauros an...

  13. Gobierno electrónico: diagnóstico de eficiencia en municipios del programa MuNet II – Caso Panamá

    OpenAIRE

    Cortés-Sánchez, Julián David; Cardona, Diego Fernando; Wong, Maribel.

    2014-01-01

    Este documento tiene el objetivo de presentar los resultados del diagnóstico de eficiencia en 26 municipios de Panamá durante la implementación del Programa de Gobierno Electrónico de la Organización de los Estados Americanos –oea– denominado Municipios Eficientes y Transparentes –MuNet–. Este diagnóstico se efectuó en los gobiernos municipales para obtener una visión general sobre factores relacionados con el manejo financiero y administrativo, las compras y obras públicas, la prestación de ...

  14. libLocation: acceso a dispositivos de localización para gvSIG Desktop y Mobile

    OpenAIRE

    Jordán Aldasorro, Juan G.; Planells Jiménez, Manuel

    2009-01-01

    Inicialmente integrada en el piloto de gvSIG Mobile, la librería libLocation tiene como objetivo dotar a los proyectos gvSIG Desktop y gvSIG Mobile un acceso transparente a fuentes de localización. La librería se fundamenta en las especificaciones JSR-179 -API de localización para J2ME- y JSR-293 -API de localización para J2ME v2.0-, proporcionando una interfaz uniforme a diferentes fuentes de localización, mediante funciones de alto nivel. Asimismo, se extiende la funcionalida...

  15. Ayudas visuales simples aclaran los riesgos para la salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rocío García-Retamero

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Una comunicación transparente de los riesgos es un componente esencial de una toma de decisiones informada. Desafortunadamente, a muchas personas les cuesta entender los riesgos porque les faltan habilidades prácticas en matemáticas y de alfabetización en riesgos. Nuestra investigación muestra que las ayudas visuales bien diseñadas mejoran la comprensión de los riesgos gracias a que promueven una deliberación más profunda y reducen los sesgos en su representación.

  16. Gramáticas de grafos y su aplicación en inferencia gramatical

    OpenAIRE

    Jeltsch F., Eric

    1997-01-01

    En este trabajo se presentan las gramáticas de grafos en particular un tipo de gramáticas de grafo las cuales tienen un contexto libre en el mecanismo de derivación al igual que las gramáticas de Chomsky proporcionando de esta manera un simple mecanismo para generar lenguajes de grafos. Para hacer transparente el proceso de generación de grafos se introducen los grafos decorados que son grafos equipados con una información adicional llamada hiperlíneal las cuales al ser reemplazadas en forma ...

  17. Façade system for existing office buildings in Copenhagen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hannoudi, Loay Akram; Christensen, Jørgen Erik; Lauring, Michael

    2015-01-01

    This study investigates solutions for facade renovation of general office buildings built between 1960 and 1980 in the Copenhagen Municipality. 44 buildings are used for the study. They share common structural and construction principles like the use of beams and columns and prefabricated elements...

  18. Building integrated photovoltaic; Photovaltaique integre aux batiments

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-01-01

    Durable, modular and flexible in use, as demonstrated by the different case studies in this publication, photovoltaic can replace diverse building elements, from glass facades to weather proof roofs. This leaflet towards architects describes aesthetic, technical, economic and environmental interest of building integrated photovoltaic. (author)

  19. PhD Student Emotional Exhaustion: The Role of Supportive Supervision and Self-Presentation Behaviours

    Science.gov (United States)

    Devine, Kay; Hunter, Karen H.

    2017-01-01

    This research examines doctoral student perceptions of emotional exhaustion relative to supportive supervision and the use of impression management (IM) and facades of conformity (FOC). Results indicated that supportive supervision significantly reduced emotional exhaustion and the use of self-presentation behaviours, while the use of FOC…

  20. Subjective and physiological responses to road traffic noise in an urban recreational area

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Janssen, S.A.; Salomons, E.M.; Vos, H.; De Kluizenaar, Y.

    2012-01-01

    The impact of transportation noise on human health has primarily been studied in the home environment, with the facade exposure level as a determinant. However, urban residents may travel, work and recreate outdoors during many hours of the day, and outdoor noise may affect their health and

  1. Potential of waste tires as aggregates in concrete | Mutuku | Journal ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Potential use of this kind of concrete includes nonstructural purposes such as lightweight concrete walls and blocks, building facades and crash barriers. Keywords: concrete aggregates, rubber chips, rubberized concrete, used tires, waste recycling. Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice Vol. 3(1) 2006: 75-84 ...

  2. Natural centre and sustainable development in Pirineos: bioclimatic building; Centro de naturaleza y desarrollo sostenible de los Pirineas: Un edificio bioclimatico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Serrosolses, J.; Vallve, X.

    2004-07-01

    This project has been promoted by the Territori i Paisatge Foundation i Caixa Catalunya. The architectonical project has been done by the architect Francesc Rius, with the collaboration of TTA in the bioclimatic design, installations and general infrastructure. This centre, placed 1.500 m. above the sea in the Lleida Pyrenees is an example of equipment intended to a training activity and rural tourism sustainable activity, and also to demonstrate the viability of using energetic sources within an efficient way. It is a building designed with bioclimatic criteria and energy saving. It is comprised by 3.000 m2 distributed in two plants. The building is semi buried, with a green roof and a north facade completely buried. The southern facade has 600 m2 glazed to gain passive solar lighting and a solar flat-plate collector integrated of 144 m2. It also has a boiler fed with biomass wastes and a photovoltaic system. (Author)

  3. The study of the heat-engineering characteristics of a solar heat collector based on aluminum heat pipes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khairnasov, S.M.; Zaripov, V.K.; Passamakin, B.M. et al.

    2013-01-01

    This paper presents the results of studies into the heat-engineering characteristics of a flat heat solar collector based on aluminum heat pipes that is designed to be used in building facades. The principle of work and the structure of the solar collector are considered; the results of its comparison with a traditional flat solar collector are presented. The studies were performed at a heat carrier temperature range of +10 - +30 degree C and at a solar heat flow density of 400 - 1000 W/m 2 . The obtained experimental heat-engineering characteristics of the collector based on heat pipes show that they are at a level of traditional flow solar collectors; for example, its efficiency is 0.65 - 0.73. Meanwhile, the hydraulic resistance of the structure with heat pipes is by a factor of 2 - 2.4 smaller and ensures a high level of scalability, reliability, and maintainability, which is important when using it as an element of facade constructions of solar heat systems. (author)

  4. Acoustic Properties of a Renovated Building

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomas Januševičius

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available The article explores the effects of partitions, ceilings and facades on noise insulation in the renovated different buildings. The conducted experiments were aimed at analyzing partitions of 120 mm brick mounted gypsum panels while other walls were 520 mm thick and plastered on both sides. Under natural conditions, sound insulation factors of facades were measured and compared according to comfort classes. The obtained results revealed that thick brick walls of 520 mm insulated the sound of 58 decibels (dB (class B. In contrast, 120 mm brick masonry partition reduced sound only to 48 dB which is class E and agrees with the lowest class of sound insulation. We also calculated the sound insulation factor applying three formulas considering the mass law of sound insulation and comparing it with other previous studies. The paper examines and discusses the findings of the performed calculations and measurements.Article in Lithuanian

  5. Modeling of a hydronic ceiling system and its environment as energetic auditing tool

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fonseca Diaz, Nestor [Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica (Colombia); University of Liege Belgium, Thermodynamics Laboratory Campus du Sart Tilman - Bat: B49 - P33, B-4000 Liege (Belgium)

    2011-03-15

    As a part of a commissioning study, the chilled ceiling system of a large commercial building located in Belgium is evaluated. A representative office has been instrumented and data on the chilled ceiling system operating in real conditions have been collected. The simulation of the whole system is performed by means of a transient thermal model of the building and its HVAC system. The model considers the hydronic panels as a transient-state finned heat exchanger connected to a simplified lumped transient model of the building. The behavior of the hydronic ceiling system and the interactions with its environment (walls, ventilated facade, internal loads and ventilation system) has been experimentally and numerically evaluated. Commissioning test results show that the influence of surfaces temperatures inside the room, especially the facade, is considerable. Then, it is clear that the hydronic ceiling system must be evaluated together with its designed environment and not as a separate HVAC equipment. (author)

  6. LYS OG ENERGI - solceller i transprente facader

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Ellen Kathrine; Lauritzen, Hanne; Wedel, Signe

    2006-01-01

    For english see below En grundlæggende udfordring ved udvikling af nye typer solceller og anvendelse af disse i en arkitektonisk sammenhæng er, at solcellen oftest vurderes alene som tekniske og specialiserede monofunktionelle lag med fokus på at fungere som bygningens energieffektive hud. Formålet......-value calculation is a relatively small part compared the benefit as a design tool. Thermal simulations have shown a large difference in temperature between the inner and outer glass in the panel. The outer glass can be as hot as 80 oC while the inner glass in a low-energy window/solar cell construction...... are expected to decline more rapidly than conventional solar cells but stabilise at a higher level due to the more complex production. The project was carried out as an actual interdisciplinary cooperation between Danish Building Research Institute (SBi), Danish Technological Institute, VELFAC A/S and Aarhus...

  7. Factored Facade Acquisition using Symmetric Line Arrangements

    KAUST Repository

    Ceylan, Duygu; Mitra, Niloy J.; Li, Hao; Weise, Thibaut; Pauly, Mark

    2012-01-01

    We introduce a novel framework for image-based 3D reconstruction of urban buildings based on symmetry priors. Starting from image-level edges, we generate a sparse and approximate set of consistent 3D lines. These lines are then used

  8. Factored Facade Acquisition using Symmetric Line Arrangements

    KAUST Repository

    Ceylan, Duygu

    2012-05-01

    We introduce a novel framework for image-based 3D reconstruction of urban buildings based on symmetry priors. Starting from image-level edges, we generate a sparse and approximate set of consistent 3D lines. These lines are then used to simultaneously detect symmetric line arrangements while refining the estimated 3D model. Operating both on 2D image data and intermediate 3D feature representations, we perform iterative feature consolidation and effective outlier pruning, thus eliminating reconstruction artifacts arising from ambiguous or wrong stereo matches. We exploit non-local coherence of symmetric elements to generate precise model reconstructions, even in the presence of a significant amount of outlier image-edges arising from reflections, shadows, outlier objects, etc. We evaluate our algorithm on several challenging test scenarios, both synthetic and real. Beyond reconstruction, the extracted symmetry patterns are useful towards interactive and intuitive model manipulations.

  9. On Feature Extraction from Large Scale Linear LiDAR Data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Acharjee, Partha Pratim

    Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can generate co-registered elevation and intensity map over large terrain. The co-registered 3D map and intensity information can be used efficiently for different feature extraction application. In this dissertation, we developed two algorithms for feature extraction, and usages of features for practical applications. One of the developed algorithms can map still and flowing waterbody features, and another one can extract building feature and estimate solar potential on rooftops and facades. Remote sensing capabilities, distinguishing characteristics of laser returns from water surface and specific data collection procedures provide LiDAR data an edge in this application domain. Furthermore, water surface mapping solutions must work on extremely large datasets, from a thousand square miles, to hundreds of thousands of square miles. National and state-wide map generation/upgradation and hydro-flattening of LiDAR data for many other applications are two leading needs of water surface mapping. These call for as much automation as possible. Researchers have developed many semi-automated algorithms using multiple semi-automated tools and human interventions. This reported work describes a consolidated algorithm and toolbox developed for large scale, automated water surface mapping. Geometric features such as flatness of water surface, higher elevation change in water-land interface and, optical properties such as dropouts caused by specular reflection, bimodal intensity distributions were some of the linear LiDAR features exploited for water surface mapping. Large-scale data handling capabilities are incorporated by automated and intelligent windowing, by resolving boundary issues and integrating all results to a single output. This whole algorithm is developed as an ArcGIS toolbox using Python libraries. Testing and validation are performed on a large datasets to determine the effectiveness of the toolbox and results are

  10. Improving Government Legitimacy in the Eyes of Its People

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-08

    how he tackled the challenges in his country. The book begins with an in-depth description of President Magsaysay’s childhood and teenage life where...dictatorial leader; he also nominated corrupt individuals in his administration. In order to provide a legal facade for 56 his dictatorship , he abolished

  11. Investigation the Advantages of CPV for Building Integrated PV : 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    S. van der Craats; R.G. Catau; Piet Sonneveld; J.V. Sahedi; A.R. Sparemberger

    2013-01-01

    The objective of this concept is a significant reduction of energy consumption in greenhouses and buildings with large facades and windows by using available solar energy. The scope of this investigation is to study the advantages of a building integrated CPV system. The basic idea is that a larger

  12. Retrofitting Listed Buildings

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Torben Valdbjørn

    2011-01-01

    The paper presents a case study where the energy demand for a listed building constructed in 1900 is reduced. Many older buildings are listed and have restrictions that include the entire building or that include only its exterior. For the building presented, only its exterior facade is listed. T...

  13. Cern collisions light up Copenhagen

    CERN Multimedia

    Banks, Michael

    2010-01-01

    "Anyone passing by the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, Denmark, might be startled by some strange moving lights on the facade of the institute's main building. In fact, the dancing beams show, almost in real time, collisions form the Atlas experiment at Cern's Large Hadron Collider (LHC)" (1 paragraph)

  14. An Assessment of the Fire Safety Hazard Associated with External Fire Spread in Tall Buildings with Combustible Façade Material

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lavard Brogaard, Nicholas; Torero, Jose L.; Jomaas, Grunde

    2014-01-01

    in order to obtain a conclusive assessment of the fire safety hazards associated with combustible facades. Prescriptive fire safety codes are typically not allowing any type of combustible façade in buildings that are taller than 2-3 stories. However, a performance based approach does not contain height...

  15. Circular economy and real estate: alternatives for operational lease

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ploeger, H.D.; Prins, M.; Straub, A.; van den Brink, R.

    2017-01-01

    The concept that suppliers retain ownership of building products and the materials encapsulated within these products and that their customers ‘only’ pay for services is a paradigm in Circular Economy. However in many legal systems, elements incorporated in a building such as the facade or the roof,

  16. Impact, runoff and drying of wind-driven rain on a window glass surface: numerical modelling based on experimental validation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Blocken, B.J.E.; Carmeliet, J.E.

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents a combination of two models to study both the impingement and the contact and surface phenomena of rainwater on a glass window surface: a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for the calculation of the distribution of the wind-driven rain (WDR) across the building facade and

  17. Optimal topology of urban buildings for maximization of annual solar irradiation availability using a genetic algorithm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Conceição António, Carlos A.; Monteiro, João Brasileiro; Afonso, Clito Félix

    2014-01-01

    An approach based on the optimal placement of buildings that favors the use of solar energy is proposed. By maximizing the area of exposure to incident solar irradiation on roofs and facades of buildings, improvements on the energy performance of the urban matrix are reached, contributing decisively to reduce dependence on other less environmentally friendly energy options. A mathematical model is proposed to optimize the annual solar irradiation availability where the placement of the buildings in urban environment favors the use of solar energy resource. Improvements on the solar energy potential of the urban grid are reached by maximizing the exposure of incident solar irradiation on roofs and facades of buildings. The proposed model considers predominant, the amount of direct solar radiation, omitting the components of the solar irradiation diffused and reflected. The dynamic interaction of buildings on exposure to sunlight is simulated aiming to evaluate the shadowing zones. The incident solar irradiation simulation and the dynamic shading model were integrated in an optimization approach implemented numerically. The search for optimal topological solutions for urban grid is based on a Genetic Algorithm. The objective is to generate optimal scenarios for the placement of buildings into the urban grid in the pre-design phase, which enhances the use of solar irradiation. - Highlights: • A mathematical model is proposed to optimize annual solar irradiation availability. • Maximization of incident solar irradiation on roofs and facades of buildings. • Dynamic interaction of buildings is simulated aiming to evaluate shadowing zones. • Search for optimal topological solutions for urban grid based on genetic algorithm. • Solutions are compared with the conventional configurations for urban grid

  18. The Doctor Has Apologised. Will I Now Get Compensation for my Injuries? Myth and Reality in Apologies and Liability

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Zwart-Hink

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Although in the Netherlands, like in many other jurisdictions, healthcare providers are expected to be open and honest to their patients and to apologise for any medical mistakes, in practice they are still not always completely open about mistakes that have been made. It is often assumed that healthcare providers’ liability insurers do not allow them to apologise, and indeed that making certain statements, such as offering apologies, can constitute an admission of liability. This assumption is one of the reasons why literature has suggested that it is sensible, from a legal perspective, to exercise caution when offering apologies. This paper argues that this suggestion is both socially undesirable and not substantiated in lawAunque se supone que en los Países Bajos, como en muchas otras jurisdicciones, los profesionales de la salud deben ser transparentes y honestos con sus pacientes, y disculparse por cualquier error médico, en la práctica todavía no son siempre completamente transparentes con sus errores. A menudo se asume que las aseguradoras de responsabilidad médica no les permiten disculparse, y que realmente realizar algunas afirmaciones, como pedir disculpas, puede constituir una admisión de responsabilidad. Esta asunción es una de las razones por las que la literatura ha sugerido que es sensato, desde una perspectiva legal, ser cauteloso al ofrecer disculpas. Este artículo defiende que esta sugerencia es indeseable desde el punto de vista social, y tampoco se sustenta en el derecho.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3029245

  19. Utilisation de nanomatériaux anisotropes pour l'élaboration d'électrodes transparentes conductrices

    OpenAIRE

    Idier , Jonathan

    2016-01-01

    This PhD work deals mainly with the high scale organization and use of unidimensional nano-objects for making transparent electrodes. Among the candidates of choice for the replacement of indium tinoxide, the main material used in commercial devices, silver nanowires (Ag NW) are among the most promising. However, the tendency of silver nanowires to be quickly oxidized can severely affect their performances. Firstly, this drawback is circumvented through the use of triphenylphosphine (PPh3)as ...

  20. Techniques and Applications of Urban Data Analysis

    KAUST Repository

    AlHalawani, Sawsan N.

    2016-05-26

    Digitization and characterization of urban spaces are essential components as we move to an ever-growing ’always connected’ world. Accurate analysis of such digital urban spaces has become more important as we continue to get spatial and social context-aware feedback and recommendations in our daily activities. Modeling and reconstruction of urban environments have thus gained unprecedented importance in the last few years. Such analysis typically spans multiple disciplines, such as computer graphics, and computer vision as well as architecture, geoscience, and remote sensing. Reconstructing an urban environment usually requires an entire pipeline consisting of different tasks. In such a pipeline, data analysis plays a strong role in acquiring meaningful insights from the raw data. This dissertation primarily focuses on the analysis of various forms of urban data and proposes a set of techniques to extract useful information, which is then used for different applications. The first part of this dissertation presents a semi-automatic framework to analyze facade images to recover individual windows along with their functional configurations such as open or (partially) closed states. The main advantage of recovering both the repetition patterns of windows and their individual deformation parameters is to produce a factored facade representation. Such a factored representation enables a range of applications including interactive facade images, improved multi-view stereo reconstruction, facade-level change detection, and novel image editing possibilities. The second part of this dissertation demonstrates the importance of a layout configuration on its performance. As a specific application scenario, I investigate the interior layout of warehouses wherein the goal is to assign items to their storage locations while reducing flow congestion and enhancing the speed of order picking processes. The third part of the dissertation proposes a method to classify cities

  1. Educational complex of light-colored modeling of urban environment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karpenko Vladimir E.

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Mechanisms, methodological tools and structure of a training complex of light-colored modeling of the urban environment are developed in this paper. The following results of the practical work of students are presented: light composition and installation, media facades, lighting of building facades, city streets and embankment. As a result of modeling, the structure of the light form is determined. Light-transmitting materials and causing characteristic optical illusions, light-visual and light-dynamic effects (video-dynamics and photostatics, basic compositional techniques of light form are revealed. The main elements of the light installation are studied, including a light projection, an electronic device, interactivity and relationality of the installation, and the mechanical device which becomes a part of the installation composition. The meaning of modern media facade technology is the transformation of external building structures and their facades into a changing information cover, into a media content translator using LED technology. Light tectonics and the light rhythm of the plastics of the architectural object are built up through point and local illumination, modeling of the urban ensemble assumes the structural interaction of several light building models with special light-composition techniques. When modeling the social and pedestrian environment, the lighting parameters depend on the scale of the chosen space and are adapted taking into account the visual perception of the pedestrian, and the atmospheric effects of comfort and safety of the environment are achieved with the help of special light compositional techniques. With the aim of realizing the tasks of light modeling, a methodology has been created, including the mechanisms of models, variability and complementarity. The perspectives of light modeling in the context of structural elements of the city, neuropsychology, wireless and bioluminescence technologies are proposed

  2. The Nano Solar Case

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hollensen, Svend; Lindgren, Peter

    2011-01-01

    ISO PAINT Nordic A/S produces roof coatings, facade painting as well as specialised products for surface treatments. The company decided that they would develop a nano solar ICT based project having the capacity to change the whole cost structure of a building, for example by a nano roof coating...

  3. Empirical Validation of Simple Calculation Method for Assessment of Energy Performance in Double-Skin Façade Building

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Marszal, Anna Joanna; Thomas, Sara Jessica; Larsen, Olena Kalyanova

    2009-01-01

    When designing new buildings a Double-Skin Facades (DSF) concept is recurrently discussed as an energy saving solution. There is a strong demand for a tool, which could estimate the energy performance of a DSF building in an early design stage, in order to assess whether it fulfills the Energy Pe...

  4. Moisture movements in render on brick wall

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Kurt Kielsgaard; Munch, Thomas Astrup; Thorsen, Peter Schjørmann

    2003-01-01

    A three-layer render on brick wall used for building facades is studied in the laboratory. The vertical render surface is held in contact with water for 24 hours simulating driving rain while it is measured with non-destructive X-ray equipment every hour in order to follow the moisture front...

  5. Draught Risk from Cold Vertical Surfaces

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Heiselberg, Per

    Glazed facades and atria have had a boom in the 1980's as an architectural feature in building design. Natural convective flows from these cold surfaces are in winter time, however, often the cause of thermal discomfort and there is a need for research to improve the design methods. The objective...

  6. O \\"reino das plantas\\" nos livros didáticos de ciências: análise das imagens

    OpenAIRE

    Rená Manoel de Souza e Silva

    2017-01-01

    As imagens sempre desempenharam papel fundamental na compreensão do conhecimento científico e, portanto, também nos livros didáticos de ciências. Porém, pesquisas têm mostrado que as imagens não são transparentes; por isso, defendemos a fundamental compreensão dos professores em relação ao uso das imagens no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e na orientação da leitura e no uso desse recurso como suporte das atividades pedagógicas. Esta pesquisa analisou as imagens presentes nos livros didático...

  7. DETERMINAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA DENSIDADE VOLUMÉTRICA MÉDIA DE ENERGIA EM PINOS ENDODÔNTICOS TRANSLÚCIDOS

    OpenAIRE

    FERNANDO CAMILOTTI

    2016-01-01

    O uso de pinos endodônticos em restaurações de dentes tem sido muito frequente. Estes pinos são formados, em geral, por fibras de vidro envolvidas e compactadas em epóxi, possuindo um formato cônico. Estudos de microscopia foram realizados para investigar a estrutura de quatro modelos de pinos de fibra de vidro do fabricante FGM (modelos DC 0.5, DC1, DC2 e DC3), e constatou-se falta de homogeneidade. Os modelos de pinos usados neste trabalho são transparentes e, no uso clínico, são cimentados...

  8. Una medida de inflación subyacente exclusion-based para el Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Hauer, Erik Sebastián

    2015-01-01

    Hay poco consenso en la literatura sobre el diseño y evaluación de medidas de inflación subyacente. Estudios previos han mostrado que las medidas más técnicas de influencia limitada tienen mejor rendimiento empírico. Sin embargo, es deseado que las medidas de inflación subyacente sean lo más transparentes y replicables posibles, lo cual usualmente resulta en medidas más simples “exclusion-based”. A este respecto, se utiliza una nueva metodología de extracción de señal a la inflación para enco...

  9. La concepción simple de la lectura en alumnos de 4º de primaria de una escuela fiscal de Quito

    OpenAIRE

    Zevallos Polo, Diana Sofía; Arcos Araujo, Nelly Patricia; Ripoll Salceda, Juan Cruz

    2017-01-01

    La concepción simple de la lectura es un modelo que trata de explicar la comprensión lectora a partir de dos variables, que son la habilidad para la descodificación y la comprensión del lenguaje oral. En los últimos años se ha desarrollado un extenso conjunto de investigaciones sobre este modelo en lectores de inglés. Aunque se han realizado estudios en otros idiomas con sistemas ortográficos transparentes, apenas ha habido investigaciones en lectores de español. El propósito de esta inves...

  10. Rescatando el pasado : La técnica del vitral a lo largo de los siglos y su uso en la cotidianidad

    OpenAIRE

    De Castro Araujo, Diego; Giani, Sandra; Poggio, Guillermina; Orellano, Cecilia; García, Silvia

    2016-01-01

    El vitral es una de las técnicas que nuestro tiempo rescata del pasado. Ya sea sobre vidrio o en paneles transparentes de distintos materiales (acrílico, acetato. Falso vitral) es usual encontrar hoy decorados o interiores en los cuales aparecen imágenes y figuras como en las iglesias góticas (Fig.1), creando un clima y una atmósfera que nada tienen que envidiar a aquellos siglos que abocamos con nostalgia. Si bien sus antecedentes pueden buscarse en China y en la más remota antigüedad, la ép...

  11. Cartografía abierta en la comunicación administrativa local : diseño de un portal ciudadano abierto para la comunicación municipal a través de mapas

    OpenAIRE

    López García, José María

    2016-01-01

    La cartografía, como representación gráfica de la realidad, se convierte en una herramienta polivalente de manejo cotidiano por ciudadanos de toda condición socio-económica. Anexionada a procesos telemáticos de identificación y gestión provistas por la administración y el acceso global, personificada en la tecnología móvil y el uso de aplicaciones libres, sirve para hacer más comprensible, accesible y transparente la administración y sus procedimientos. Los Geoportales de las entidades l...

  12. Dispersão e consolidação de zircônia dopada com WOx a partir do tungstato de zircônio e trietanolamina em meio aquoso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Antunes

    Full Text Available Resumo Em estudos recentes, verificou-se ser possível produzir, em meio aquoso, nanopartículas de zircônia hidratada (cristalitos inferiores a 2 nm a partir de um precursor não usual, o tungstato de zircônio (ZrW2O8, óxido bimetálico de tamanho micrométrico (1,7 µm e insolúvel em água. Essas nanopartículas de zircônia são capazes de formar aglomerados policristalinos transparentes à luz visível. No entanto, a produção controlada de sólidos de zircônia transparentes a partir da consolidação por centrifugação de suspensões estáveis dessas nanopartículas, desaglomeradas no momento da síntese, ainda não havia sido explorada. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a dispersão e a consolidação de nanopartículas de zircônia hidratada produzidas a partir do ZrW2O8 em meio aquoso e utilizando-se a trietanolamina (TEOA como surfactante, e compreender o efeito dos parâmetros experimentais empregados na dispersão sobre o teor de tungstênio remanescente nos sólidos consolidados. A síntese e dispersão foram realizadas em meio aquoso, a 80 °C, com o uso de NaOH e TEOA; em seguida, as soluções coloidais foram dialisadas, seus valores de pH foram ajustados para 6, e foram ultracentrifugadas a 28000 rpm por 24 h. Verificou-se que a utilização da TEOA na síntese permitiu a obtenção de soluções coloidais estáveis de nanopartículas de zircônia que, após centrifugação, originaram sólidos transparentes e amarelados que foram caracterizados por meio de diversas técnicas (microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva, difração de raios X, espectroscopia Raman e de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, além de análise térmica simultânea. Apesar de a TEOA auxiliar na dispersão das nanopartículas, ao mesmo tempo interferiu no mecanismo de síntese, levando à obtenção de zircônia dopada com WOx com quantidades de tungstênio que variaram dependendo

  13. Structural properties of the red-color overglazes on the Kakiemon-style porcelains produced in the later 17th century by means of X-ray diffraction (I Propriedades estruturais, por difração de raios X, de esmaltes vermelhos de porcelanas do estilo Kakiemon produzidos no fim do século 17 (I

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Hidaka

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Kakiemon-style porcelains produced at Arita areas (SAGA in Kyushu Island are famous Japanese porcelains. The porcelain-techniques creating its elegant and bright red-color underglaze and overglaze were found and developed in 1650's (early Edo period first by Kakiemon kiln. Red-color overglaze and transparent glaze of the Kakiemon-style porcelains have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The results suggest that the red-color brightness is mainly induced by micro-structural correlation between α-Fe2O3 fine particles, as red-color emission elements, and other oxides of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, KNaO, PbO. The stability of the red-overglaze on the porcelain surface is related to interfacial fusion of the glasses existing in the fritted red-overglaze and the transparent glaze on the porcelain body. The ancient porcelain-techniques of the Kakiemon-style porcelains are clearly based on the micro-structural and material properties of the overglazes, the underglazes, and the transparent glazes, though the techniques were experimentally and accidentally found and developed in the Edo period.As porcelanas do estilo Kakiemon produzidas nas áreas de Arita (SAGA na ilha Kyushu são porcelanas japonesas famosas. As técnicas de produzir porcelanas com os elegantes e brilhantes vidrados de cores vermelho brilhante foram encontradas e desenvolvidas nos anos 1650 (início do período Edo primeiramente em fornos Kakiemon. Vidrados vermelhos e vidrados transparentes de porcelanas do estilo Kakiemon foram investigadas por meio de difração de raios X com radiação sincrotron. Os resultados sugerem que o brilho de cor vermelha é principalmente induzido pela correlação microestrutural entre finas partículas de α-Fe2O3, como elementos emissores de cor vermelha, além de outros óxidos como SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, KNaO, e PbO. A estabilidade dos vidrados na superfície da porcelana com vidrado vermelho está relacionada com a fus

  14. Systems for apartment buildings heat pumps. Final report; System foer fastighetsvaermepumpar. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aakervall, Daniel (WSP Environmental, Stockholm (Sweden)); Rogstam, Joergen; Grotherus, Maarten (Sveriges Energi- och Kylcentrum, Katrineholm (Sweden))

    2009-05-15

    A fast growing segment of the heat pump business is the apartment building applications. Historically the experience base related to such installations is limited. However, this application is more complex than the much more widely spread domestic applications. The core idea of the project was to generate and collect information to avoid mistakes and to encourage the heat pump technology. By interviewing the 'market' and compiling the information good recommendations has been achieved. It is of great importance to convey the best available recommendations to the installers on the market to avoid pit holes and highlight the opportunities for installers and end consumers. A website has been design and built, www.sfvp.se, which contains useful tools for installers and potential system customers. A number of calculation tools to estimate heat requirement, cost of different heating systems, primary energy need, LCC, etc. are all available. The core of the site is the database containing heat pump installations with related data of importance. The data available is such key data as performance figures, cost of installation, etc. Today 104 system installations are collected in the database and these are marked in a colour coding to indicate the quality of the input data. Installations verified with measurement are given higher significance. It has been an unexpected challenge to find documented systems, so one of the conclusions of the project is that there is a great need for further measurement on the field. More information should be directed to the customers to request such equipment when systems are installed. The database enables statistical analysis of the key figures and it can be seen that the average seasonal COP is 3.2 and there are small differences between exhaust air and ground source heat pumps. It should be emphasised that the number of installations do not give statistical confidence for all kinds of analysis yet. Field measurements in apartment buildings have shown good agreement between the installations. In the specific case 5 exhaust air heat pumps were analysed and the average seasonal COP was about 3 and the energy coverage was 60% on a yearly basis. These heat pumps replaced district heating but kept that source as supplementary heat source

  15. Experiences of disturbance from wind power. Final report; Stoerningsupplevelser fraan vindkraft. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pedersen, Eja [Halmstad Univ. (Sweden). School of Business and Engineering

    2002-02-01

    Wind power generates electricity at low environmental costs, but local residents sometimes have had complains. To support further development of wind farms, it is important to find out if people are annoyed and if so, in what way. This is a preliminary study that will be followed by an extensive survey in Laholm, a municipality in the South of Sweden with 44 wind power turbines. A survey based on cases of complaints in Laholm shows that outdoor noise is the most common annoyance. Others are indoor noise, shadow flicker and visual impact. Residents in one nearby location, Falkenberg, that resembles the landscape in Laholm, were interviewed. The most common source of annoyance was traffic noise. The turbines annoyed no respondent, even thought the estimated noise levels in some cases exceeded the 40-dBA limit. Also in another location outside Halmstad people that lived close to the wind turbines experienced no problems. The number of people actually indicating annoyance by wind turbines is probably fairly small. The most common annoyance is that from wind turbine noise. People who are annoyed of noise could eater be exposed to higher noise levels than estimated or of certain discomforting type of noise. Several other factors of individual nature could also affect the annoyance. These are assumed to be the general attitude towards wind power, if you are in the possession of a turbine, if you are raised in the countryside or in a city, and the general attitude towards the authorities. Following these assumptions, several hypotheses for the main survey are discussed and described.

  16. Recent progress on test evidence, standardization and design of protection for exterior openings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Strøm Ruth Astrid

    2016-01-01

    A number of different fire scenarios that elements in vented facades/constructions can be exposed to have been studied. New test standards have been developed for the last few years and are explained. Finally, this paper evaluate how different fire stop products perform in different fire scenarios and which test standards are applicable.

  17. Performance assessment and development of a design support tool for innovative BIPV façade systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ghasempourabadi, M.

    2017-01-01

    This PDEng project is related to the development of two types of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) façade systems: SoloWall and ZigZagSolar. SoloWall is a modular type of BIPV for integration in vertical facades, developed by SCX Solar. ZigZagSolar, developed by Wallvision, uses a series of

  18. The Effect of Obstacles on the Boundary Layer Flow at a Vertical Surface

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Heiselberg, Per; Overby, Heine; Bjørn, Erik

    The objective of this research is to investigate if the structural system of a glazed facade or an atrium can be used to reduce downdraft and to avoid thermal comfort problems in the occupied zone. Thereby, the initial costs of e.g. a convector or ventilation system could be saved and the energy ...

  19. Simple air collectors for preheating fresh air

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hensen, J.L.M.; Wit, de M.H.; Ouden, den C.

    1984-01-01

    In dwellings with mechanical ventilation systems the fresh air can easily be preheated by means of simple solar air systems. These can be an integral part of the building facade or roof and the costs are expected to be low. By means of computer experiments a large number of systems were evaluated.

  20. Energy performance of semi-transparent PV modules for applications in buildings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fung, Yu Yan

    well-insulated calorimeter box and an adjustable steady-state type solar simulator which can provide up to 1600 W/m2 have been used in the tests. Energy that transmitted through the semi-transparent BIPV modules and entered the calorimeter box was evaluated. It was found that the experimental results and the simulated results support each other. The SPVHG model is validated and can be used for further studies. Other than heat transfer, power production and the daylight utilization are also the vital parts in the energy performance assessment of the semi-transparent BIPV module for applications in building facades. Power generation models of both opaque and semi-transparent BIPV modules are investigated in this study. In order to test the validity of the power generation model, measurements on a BIPV system of an existing building are carried out. The measurement results reveal a good validity of the power generation model. Only a minor modification to the model is required. The daylight utilization is evaluated by using an indoor illuminance model. The model estimates the mean internal illuminance on the working plane of a room when there is both sunlight and skylight. Consequently, the power saving due to the daylight utilization can be determined. By using the SPVHG model together with the power generation model and the indoor illuminance model, the energy performance, in terms of electricity benefit, of building facades that incorporated with semi-transparent BIPV modules is evaluated. Different scenarios are studied by changing various parameters such as the window to wall ratios, thickness and efficiency of the solar cells. The results show that the solar cells within the semi-transparent BIPV modules significantly reduce the solar heat gain and thus reduce the power consumption of air-conditioning systems. Taking into account the impacts of PV electricity generation and daylight utilization, the optimum solar cell area ratio in the PV modules varies from 0.7 to 0

  1. Field evidence of social influence in the expression of political preferences: the case of secessionists flags in Barcelona.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parravano, Antonio; Noguera, José A; Hermida, Paula; Tena-Sánchez, Jordi

    2015-01-01

    Models of social influence have explored the dynamics of social contagion, imitation, and diffusion of different types of traits, opinions, and conducts. However, few behavioral data indicating social influence dynamics have been obtained from direct observation in "natural" social contexts. The present research provides that kind of evidence in the case of the public expression of political preferences in the city of Barcelona, where thousands of citizens supporting the secession of Catalonia from Spain have placed a Catalan flag in their balconies and windows. Here we present two different studies. 1) During July 2013 we registered the number of flags in 26% of the electoral districts in the city of Barcelona. We find that there is a large dispersion in the density of flags in districts with similar density of pro-independence voters. However, by comparing the moving average to the global mean we find that the density of flags tends to be fostered in electoral districts where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote, while it is inhibited in the opposite cases. We also show that the distribution of flags in the observed districts deviates significantly from that of an equivalent random distribution. 2) During 17 days around Catalonia's 2013 national holiday we observed the position at balcony resolution of the flags displayed in the facades of a sub-sample of 82 blocks. We compare the 'clustering index' of flags on the facades observed each day to thousands of equivalent random distributions. Again we provide evidence that successive hangings of flags are not independent events but that a local influence mechanism is favoring their clustering. We also find that except for the national holiday day the density of flags tends to be fostered in facades located in electoral districts where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote.

  2. Solar shading for low energy use and daylight quality in offices: Simulations, measurements and design tools

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dubois, M.C.

    2001-11-01

    This thesis investigates the impact of solar shading devices on energy use and daylight quality in office rooms. The impact on energy use is analysed through computer simulations with the dynamic energy simulation program Derob-LTH while the impact on daylight quality is investigated through measurements in full-scale experimental office rooms and simulations with the program Radiance. This thesis also includes a literature review of research on solar shading as well as design tools to incorporate shading devices at an early stage in the design of buildings. This thesis indicates that, in cold countries, shading devices may provide more annual energy savings than any solar-protective (reflective, tinted) glazing and that the optimum glazing transmittance is orientation- and climate-dependent. For example, high annual energy savings are obtained on the south facade with higher transmittance glazings (compared with the east and west facade) because the potential for passive solar gain utilisation in the winter is high in comparison with the annual cooling demand. Exterior shading devices like awnings and overhangs may reduce the cooling demand dramatically but they are not suitable as daylight (glare) control devices. Devices like screens and venetian blinds are preferable because they cover the entire window area, which prevents sunlight patches in the room and the direct view of the bright sky. Screens and venetian blinds also reduce daylight in the room to levels that are suitable for computer work. However, it is essential that the screen is of a diffusing type since screens with a strong (specular) transmittance component result in poor daylight quality. The study on daylight quality also indicated that a screen transmittance of around 15 % may be optimum for a standard (3.5 by 6.0 m{sup 2}) south-oriented office room with a window covering around 25 % of the facade area (12 % of the floor area)

  3. Integration of solar energy in buildings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Peippo, K.; Lund, P.; Mennola, T.; Vartiainen, E. [Helsinki Univ. of Technology, Otaniemi (Finland). Dept. of Engineering Physics and Mathematics; Leppaenen, J.; Rasinkoski, A.; Spiers, D.; Eenilae, P. [Neste Advanced Power Systems (Finland)

    1998-12-31

    New photovoltaic building elements were developed and the uses of various solar technologies in buildings were optimised with computational design tools. The novel amorphous silicon photovoltaic elements allow for economic integration of photovoltaics in large facades. The cost of grid-connected systems may be reduced by approximately 20 % through the advanced design approaches developed. (orig.)

  4. Valuing energy-saving measures in residential buildings. A choice experiment study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kwak, So-Yoon; Kwak, Seung-Jun [Department of Economics, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-Dong, Seoul 136-701 (Korea); Yoo, Seung-Hoon [Department of International Area Studies, Hoseo University, 268 Anseo-Dong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-713 (Korea)

    2010-01-15

    Air-conditioning and heating energy-saving measures can cut back the usage of energy. This paper attempts to apply a choice experiment in evaluating the consumer's willingness to pay (WTP) for air-conditioning and heating energy-saving measures in Korea's residential buildings. We consider the trade-offs between price and three attributes of energy-saving (window, facade, and ventilation) for selecting a preferred alternative and derive the marginal WTP (MWTP) estimate for each attribute. We also try to test irrelevant alternatives property for the estimation model holds and compare the estimation results of the multinomial logit (MNL) and the nested logit (NL) models. The NL model outperforms the MNL model. The NL model show that MWTPs for increasing the number of glasses and their variety, for increasing the thickness of facade for 1 mm, and for establishing a ventilation system are KRW 17,392 (USD 18.2), 1,112 (1.2), and 11,827 (12.4), respectively. Overall, the potential consumers have significant amount of WTP. (author)

  5. Comparison of Annoyance from Railway Noise and Railway Vibration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ögren, Mikael; Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita; Smith, Michael; Gustavsson, Sara; Persson Waye, Kerstin

    2017-07-19

    The aim of this study is to compare vibration exposure to noise exposure from railway traffic in terms of equal annoyance, i.e., to determine when a certain noise level is equally annoying as a corresponding vibration velocity. Based on questionnaire data from the Train Vibration and Noise Effects (TVANE) research project from residential areas exposed to railway noise and vibration, the dose response relationship for annoyance was estimated. By comparing the relationships between exposure and annoyance for areas both with and without significant vibration exposure, the noise levels and vibration velocities that had an equal probability of causing annoyance was determined using logistic regression. The comparison gives a continuous mapping between vibration velocity in the ground and a corresponding noise level at the facade that are equally annoying. For equivalent noise level at the facade compared to maximum weighted vibration velocity in the ground the probability of annoyance is approximately 20% for 59 dB or 0.48 mm/s, and about 40% for 63 dB or 0.98 mm/s.

  6. Coloured solar collectors. Phase II : from laboratory samples to collector prototypes. Final report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schueler, A; Roecker, Ch; Chambrier, E de; Munari Probst, M

    2007-07-01

    This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with the second phase of a project concerning the architectural integration of glazed solar collectors into the facades of buildings for heat production. The factors that limit the integration of photovoltaic panels in facades are discussed. The authors state that, for a convincing demonstration, sufficiently large samples and high quality levels are needed. The sol-gel deposition of the multi-layered coatings on A4-sized glass panes demonstrated in the laboratory by EPFL-LESO are discussed. The coatings produced exhibit a coloured reflection in combination with a high solar transmittance, a homogenous appearance, and are free of visible defects. Film hardening by UV exposure is discussed: This should result in the speeding up of the sol-gel process and thus save energy, thereby significantly reducing costs. Collaboration with industry is discussed in which full-scale glass panes are to be coated with novel multiple layers. The novel glazing is to be integrated into first prototype collectors. The manufacturing and test processes for the prototypes manufactured are discussed in detail.

  7. PV glass curtain walls; Kenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi gaiheki no kaihatsu (glass curtain wall eno tekiyo)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yoshida, T.; Iwai, T.; Ouchi, T.; Ito, T.; Nagai, T.; Shu, I. [Kajima Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Arai, T. [Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K., Tokyo (Japan); Ishikawa, N.; Tazawa, K.

    1997-12-20

    Reported in this article are PV (photovoltaic) modules now under development for integration into building walls. First of all, the power generating capability of PV modules and appropriate use of the generated power are studied, and the performance (resistance to fire or incombustibility, strength and durability, appearance and design, and dimensional standardization) that such outer wall materials are to be equipped with are determined. Next, module development, installation technique, computer graphics-aided facade designing, and real size module-using proof test are studied before installability, the power to be generated, and designs are finalized. In the development of modules, design evaluation involves the combining of various kinds of glass, solar cells, back sheets, and fillers, and the importance is confirmed of the prevention of insulation degradation around the modules. As for the methods of installation, the gasket method and aluminum sash method, etc., are tested. In the study of facade design, it is found that various expressions are possible by properly choosing gasket colors, module types, and kinds of glass to cover the openings. 1 ref., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

  8. Evaluation of noise pollution in urban traffic hubs—Noise maps and measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fiedler, Paulo Eduardo Kirrian; Zannin, Paulo Henrique Trombetta

    2015-01-01

    A study was made of some of the main traffic hubs in a Latin American metropolis, in order to determine the presence or absence of noise by means of noise measurements and acoustic mapping. To characterize noise in the evaluated road stretches, 232 measurements were taken at different points. The Predictor software package was used for the noise mapping calculations. Noise sensitive areas, e.g., hospitals, were identified in the evaluated road stretches. Noise maps were calculated for two hospitals, showing the current levels of noise that reach their facades. Hypothetical scenarios were simulated by making changes in the composition of traffic and total number of vehicles, and an assessment was made of the potential influence of these modifications in reducing the noise levels reaching the facades of the buildings in question. The simulations indicated that a 50% reduction in total traffic flow, or a 50% reduction in heavy vehicle traffic flow, would reduce the noise levels by about 3 dB(A). - Highlights: • Evaluation of noise pollution in urban traffic hubs • Street systems • Environmental noise impacts • Noise mapping

  9. Visual assessment of BIPV retrofit design proposals for selected historical buildings using the saliency map method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ran Xu

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available With the increasing awareness of energy efficiency, many old buildings have to undergo a massive facade energy retrofit. How to predict the visual impact which solar installations on the aesthetic cultural value of these buildings has been a heated debate in Switzerland (and throughout the world. The usual evaluation method to describe the visual impact of BIPV is based on semantic and qualitative descriptors, and strongly dependent on personal preferences. The evaluation scale is therefore relative, flexible and imprecise. This paper proposes a new method to accurately measure the visual impact which BIPV installations have on a historical building by using the saliency map method. By imitating working principles of the human eye, it is measured how much the BIPV design proposals differ from the original building facade in the aspect of attracting human visual attention. The result is directly presented in a quantitative manner, and can be used to compare the fitness of different BIPV design proposals. The measuring process is numeric, objective and more precise.  

  10. 27 kWp photovoltaic plant at the Stadelhofen High School in Zurich; 27 kWp Photovoltaik Anlage Kantonschule Zuerich-Stadelhofen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Clavadetscher, L.; Nordmann, T.

    2002-07-01

    This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes the results obtained from the monitoring of a photovoltaic (PV) installation that was installed on the roof and facade of a gym at the Stadelhofen High School in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. This prize-winning installation features multi-functional PV modules, whose solar cells are mounted on double-glazed roof windows as well as further laminated facade modules that provide both power and shading. The report gives details of the results obtained from measurements made on the PV installations and includes the results of laboratory measurements made on selected modules. The performance of the installation, which started operation in 1999, was monitored until 2001. The report presents the results of the monitoring campaign, that not only monitored power output and energy production but also cell temperatures. These can rise up to 85 {sup o}C in summer and lead to power losses of around 7%. The self-cleaning properties of roof, which is only lightly sloped, are also commented on by the report.

  11. Augmented spaces, a look beyond advertising

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oana Andreea Căplescu

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available From billboards to urban screens and now to media facades, the augmentation of our cities has expanded, changing social behaviours and public space consumption. Smart buildings are being developed and, much like the smartphones, these hybrids are not only in sci-fi movies anymore. One of the main promoters of media facades and media architecture has been the advertising industry. But artists and designers showed the potential of different approaches, experimenting with digitally augmented spaces both indoors and outdoors. Going beyond the commercial aspect of being an advertising and branding tool, these hybrids offer a variety of uses. Questions of how and where we use them and how they can improve our life quality are discussed here emphasizing that we developed a media behaviour, adjusting our relation to the physical and information environments. I examine some of the most notable experiments outside of the advertising sphere, offering a base for future development of augmented spaces and opening the discussion over the language of new media architecture.

  12. Modélisation 3D des façades de bâtiments des anciennes Médina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenza AIT EL KADI

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The static terrestrial LIDAR is a tool of surveying which present a vital source of 3D data in the heritage buildings evaluation and monitoring. Through automated 3D modeling process, manipulating this data source in communication tools becomes more flexible. The 3D modeling process imposes on essential tasks including segmentation. Much of segmentation approaches focus on the use of geometric components by exploiting the mathematical representation of a plane or curved area. Due to the complexity of the facades architecture, segmentation using only the geometrical aspect is insufficient. Thus, a new segmentation approach is developed balancing the results of extracting homogeneous areas based on all colored point cloud components namely geometric data, the RGB values and intensities of facades details especially in old Medina building. The process consists of the planar segments extracting using the RANSAC algorithm. The result will be subject to radiometric segmentation through the introduction of color similarity criterion in the region growing algorithm and finally a fusion of classes based on the intensity’s similarity.

  13. Silesia Dryvit

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Presz, K.

    1995-12-31

    MT International, as a manufacturer and distributor for of US company named Dryvit Systems is focused on weatherization techniques as well as on facade and external wall finishing. The materials manufactured by Dryvit for building and construction purposes (plaster masses, building binders, insulating materials, reinforced fabric, etc.) are used at many sites. The consistent and well-selected composition of these materials guarantees highest quality of facade finishing in building structures of any type. The first implementation of Dryvit system in Warsaw was completed in 1974 and it remains the first exampled of professionally weatherized building in Poland. Different versions of Dryvit system have been elaborated for various plaster base types. Consequently the assembling procedure differs, too. The main classification includes methods used directly on-site by a specialized contractor as well as prefabrication systems in which the ready-made elements prefabricated in a central plant or in a moveable unit are mounted on the walls. Distribution of materials and systems is based upon a network of branch offices and plaster mass mixter plants located in Warsaw, Szczecin, Lublin, Gdansk and Zabrze.

  14. Evaluation of noise pollution in urban traffic hubs—Noise maps and measurements

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fiedler, Paulo Eduardo Kirrian; Zannin, Paulo Henrique Trombetta, E-mail: paulo.zannin@pesquisador.cnpq.br

    2015-02-15

    A study was made of some of the main traffic hubs in a Latin American metropolis, in order to determine the presence or absence of noise by means of noise measurements and acoustic mapping. To characterize noise in the evaluated road stretches, 232 measurements were taken at different points. The Predictor software package was used for the noise mapping calculations. Noise sensitive areas, e.g., hospitals, were identified in the evaluated road stretches. Noise maps were calculated for two hospitals, showing the current levels of noise that reach their facades. Hypothetical scenarios were simulated by making changes in the composition of traffic and total number of vehicles, and an assessment was made of the potential influence of these modifications in reducing the noise levels reaching the facades of the buildings in question. The simulations indicated that a 50% reduction in total traffic flow, or a 50% reduction in heavy vehicle traffic flow, would reduce the noise levels by about 3 dB(A). - Highlights: • Evaluation of noise pollution in urban traffic hubs • Street systems • Environmental noise impacts • Noise mapping.

  15. Perspective: Louisville Style

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lott, Debra

    2010-01-01

    Louisville, Kentucky is an eclectic town of architectural styles from Greek revival to Renaissance Revival to Post modernism, not to mention an entire street dedicated to artsy mom and pop stores. Louisville is second only to the New York City Soho district in terms of the number of its cast-iron facades. Many of these building's fronts have…

  16. The highly insulated glass house. State report; Det hoejisolerede glashus. Statusrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wittchen, K.B.; Aggerholm, S.

    1997-11-01

    A house with glass facades and translucent thermo insulating glazing is being tested with regard to its thermal comfort, ventilation, interior architecture and energy conservation. The core of the house is constructed of concrete, and in this part the kitchen, bathroom etc. are located. Heating and ventilation are automated. Advantages and drawbacks (leaks, steam condensates etc) are summarized. (EG)

  17. Les emblèmes sur l’abside de l’église de Lesnovo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ćirić Jasmina S.

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available This work retraces observations concerning insufficiently known emblems, represented on some examples of late Byzantine architecture. Also, should an emblem be invested with a role of a codified sign, without being literally visible, could it function as a segment of the imagery employed in the articulation of the facades of late Byzantine and Serbian medieval architecture?

  18. El Formalismo esencial de la arquitectura moderna

    OpenAIRE

    Piñón Pallarés, Helio

    2008-01-01

    Descripció del recurs: 2 de maig de 2012 La idea más extendida de la arquitectura moderna la considera una mera faceta de un fenómeno más general, denominado Movimiento Moderno, que vendría a ser un estado de entusiasmo provocado por la culminación de la Revolución Industrial en lo que se dio en llamar "la edad de la máquina". Las obras de arquitectura moderna serían, desde esa perspectiva, transparentes a la función y a la forma, de modo que los arquitectos actuarían como comadronas que a...

  19. Fuentes, un narrador en transición

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Policarpo Varón

    1968-03-01

    Full Text Available La aparición, en 1958, de La región más transparente de Carlos Fuentes, marca una fecha importante en la historia de la narrativa mexicana de este siglo. Tanto más importante como el aparecimiento de Libertad bajo palabra del poeta Octavio Paz, como Varia invención de Juan José Arreola o como el mismo Pedro Páramo de Rulfo. Este año y esta segunda salida editorial de Fuentes (antes había publicado un primer libro de relatos, Los días enmascarados, han quedado como punto de referencia de la crítica.

  20. Rothschildia lebeau, una bella mariposa nocturna: Observar de cerca lo que usualmente pasamos inadvertido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Hernández Chavarría

    2005-05-01

    Full Text Available El Orden Lepidoptera incluye a las mariposas diurnas y las nocturnas; mientras que las primeras son asociadas con belleza, las segundas son menospreciadas e incluso relacionadas principalmente con plagas y en términos generales es poco apreciada su belleza implícita. Rothschildia lebeau es un ejemplo de una mariposa nocturna de gran belleza; su nombre vernáculo es “Cuatro ventanas”, debido a que presenta en cada una de sus alas un área transparente que simula una ventana. Una visión detallada de esta mariposa muestra un complejo sistema de diseños y patrones de color de gran belleza.

  1. Biocides from facade coatings in urban surface waters

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bollmann, Ulla E; Styszko, Katarzyna; Ou, Yi

    2015-01-01

    catchment was performed in order to get knowledge about emission rates and processes. A first estimation of the leachability of a biocide is usually done using its octanol-water partition constant as well as water solubility. The present study introduces the possiblity of using the polyacrylate...

  2. Automated detection of repeated structures in building facades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Previtali

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Automatic identification of high-level repeated structures in 3D point clouds of building façades is crucial for applications like digitalization and building modelling. Indeed, in many architectural styles building façades are governed by arrangements of objects into repeated patterns. In particular, façades are generally designed as the repetition of some few basic objects organized into interlaced and\\or concatenated grid structures. Starting from this key observation, this paper presents an algorithm for Repeated Structure Detection (RSD in 3D point clouds of building façades. The presented methodology consists of three main phases. First, in the point cloud segmentation stage (i the building façade is decomposed into planar patches which are classified by means of some weak prior knowledge of urban buildings formulated in a classification tree. Secondly (ii, in the element clustering phase detected patches are grouped together by means of a similarity function and pairwise transformations between patches are computed. Eventually (iii, in the structure regularity estimation step the parameters of repeated grid patterns are calculated by using a Least- Squares optimization. Workability of the presented approach is tested using some real data from urban scenes.

  3. RubriCalc. Un sistema gestor de evaluación transparente y formativa basado en rúbricas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Domingo Galán

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available RubriCalc es un gestor de evaluaciones diseñado para facilitar una evaluación formativa de calidad. Se basa en parte en el concepto de rúbrica o matriz de criterios de evaluación y niveles de consecución, pero extiende mucho sus posibilidades y versatilidad. Los criterios se pueden distribuir en partes e integrar anotaciones, matices o valoraciones relativas. Incorpora un algoritmo de cálculo de puntuación numérica muy flexible. Todo el programa se ha desarrollado combinando PHP, MySQL y AJAX, pensando siempre en la usabilidad para mejorar la experiencia de usuario en todos los aspectos, como facilidad de uso, rapidez de respuesta o automatismo de acciones repetitivas. A diferencia de otras herramientas relacionadas, la elaboración y edición de partes, criterios y niveles es muy sencilla y puede refinarse con el uso y la experiencia. La versión actual permite también el uso desde tabletas y dispositivos móviles e incorpora un sofisticado sistema para hacer llegar al alumno el resultado e informe. Una evaluación formativa de calidad necesita aportar información rica y detallada al alumno sobre su actuación en la actividad evaluada. La transparencia y objetividad en la evaluación cimenta la confianza y el propio valor formativo del proceso de evaluación. La generación de informes de evaluación detallados es compleja, consume tiempo y es casi inviable si aumenta el número de alumnos y/o de actividades evaluadas. El envío del resultado a los alumnos también genera mucho trabajo gris, tedioso para el evaluador pero invisible para el evaluado. La aplicación se ha diseñado desde la experiencia directa como docente, para resolver deficiencias observadas en otros productos, ampliar la versatilidad sobre el concepto básico e integrar todas las etapas del proceso hasta la recepción final del informe de evaluación. RubriCalc se viene utilizando durante más de cinco años, por distintos profesores y en diversas asignaturas, desde primeros cursos hasta posgrado o incluso para prácticas profesionales en empresas, en todos los casos con resultados muy favorables.

  4. Bowing and expansion of natural stone panels: marble and limestone testing and assessment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grelk, Bent

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Natural stone has been used as a building material for centuries. In the past, load bearing members were made of entirely of stone, but in the last 50 years new processing techniques have made the production and use of thin facade cladding a profitable venture. Unfortunately however, marble facades on buildings in Europe and elsewhere have undergone severe deterioration. The EC-financed TEAM project (2000-2005 studied the bowing observed on marble facades in both cold and warm climates. TEAM’s main objectives were to understand and explain the expansion, bowing, and strength loss mechanisms governing the decay of marble- and limestone-clad facades, and to draft new European standards to prevent the use of marble and limestone poorly suited to outdoor cladding. A survey of some 200 buildings afforded a clear picture of the geographical, geological and climatic scope of the problem. Detailed case studies of six buildings resulted in a facade assessment methodology that included a monitoring system and risk assessment. Both laboratory and field research was conducted on almost 100 different types of stone from different countries and in place in different climates. The outcome was the determination of the decay mechanisms and critical factors. Two test methods and respective precision statements, one for bowing and the other for irreversible thermal expansion in high humidity conditions, were prepared for submission to CEN TC 246.La piedra natural se ha empleado como material de construcción durante siglos. En el pasado, se solía utilizar en elementos de carga, pero en los últimos 50 años las nuevas técnicas de procesamiento han permitido que sea comercialmente rentable producir y utilizar revestimientos para fachadas de espesor reducido. Desafortunadamente, numerosas fachadas de mármol de edificios tanto en Europa como fuera de ella han sufrido graves problemas derivados del deterioro de la piedra. El proyecto TEAM (2000

  5. Arkitektur i "det offentlige billede"

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jakobsen, Annette Svaneklink

    2008-01-01

    Igennem de seneste år er visuelle medier blevet en stadig større del af det samlede udtryk der møder os i byer og i bygninger. I asiatiske og i amerikanske storbyer er urbane skærme og medierede facader en almindelig del af det kommercielle og pulserende liv, mens man i Danmark, og resten af Euro...

  6. Methane from landfills in Sweden. Final report; Metan fraan avfallsupplag i Sverige. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Samuelsson, Jerker [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden); Galle, Bo; Boerjesson, Gunnar [Linkoeping Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Water and Environmental Studies

    2006-01-15

    Three years of measurements has been conducted at seven Swedish landfills, quantifying methane emission, methane oxidation and methane production. The measurements reveal a large span between the sites in terms of gas recovery efficiency, 29-78% during normal operation. The fraction of the totally produced methane that is eventually leaking out to the atmosphere, was found to vary between 21-68%. Regarding methane oxidation, the study shows that of the methane going from the landfill interior towards the atmosphere, 6-43% is oxidised to CO{sub 2} in the different landfill cover soils. The highest methane oxidation was found in closed landfills during summertime, and the lowest at active landfills during wintertime, due to the strong temperature dependence of the oxidation. The equipment developed for methane emission measurements is based on time resolved concentration measurements with FTIR spectroscopy in combination with tracer gas releases from the surface of the landfill. The method has proven to be able to state the methane emission from the landfills with high accuracy, {+-}18% of the emission estimate (95% confidence interval). This is in line with what has been achieved in the literature for fugitive emission sources. The system has also proven to be useful for on site leak search. The precision for the methane production measurement was demonstrated to be high, down to {+-}4.2%. This enables trend studies and verification of improvement measures taken at the landfill sites. In terms of absolute accuracy for the production estimate, a 95%-confidence interval of down to (-6.0%, +6.2%) has been achieved. At times of strong methane oxidation the uncertainties increase, particularly if the emission is high. The gas production at the landfill site is therefore preferably measured during autumn-winter-spring when the temperature and the methane oxidation are low. The methane oxidation has been measured by carbon isotope technique, utilising the enrichment in {sup 13}CH4 compared to {sup 12}CH4 that takes part as the landfill gas is transported through the landfill cover soil. The measurement procedure is complex and 95%-confidence intervals in the range of (-50%, +200%) of the measurement value are not unusual. A comparison between measurement data and model calculations, using the IPCC-model applied in the national climate gas reporting of methane from landfills, shows that the model overestimates the methane production in most cases. A linear model of methane production dependent on the amount of landfilled municipal solid waste, gave a good fit to measurement data (R{sup 2}=0.94). This model was applied to Swedish landfill statistics from 1990 and onward. The resulting Swedish budget for landfill methane emissions became 95{+-}21 k tonnes/year, assuming 10% methane oxidation over all. The IPCC-model arrived at a value 41% higher. Adjusting the IPCC model parameter called DOCf, from 0.7 to 0.54 according to a fit against measurement data, the IPCC-model arrived at yearly methane emission 9% higher than the linear model discussed. The DOCf factor describes the fraction of the gas potential that is converted into methane.

  7. Intelligent control of dynamic LED lighting; Intelligent styring af dynamisk LED belysning. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Thorseth, A.; Corell, D.; Hansen, Soeren S.; Dam-Hansen, C.; Petersen, Paul Michael

    2013-01-15

    The project has resulted in a prototype of a new intelligent lighting control system. The control system enables the end user to control his or her own local lighting environment (lighting zone) according to individual preferences and needs. The report provides a description of how the developed intelligent lighting system is composed and functions. The system is designed as a work lamp that enables dynamic change of the light color scheme according to a number of light control algorithms. It is specifically designed in relation to user tests of the intelligent lighting system, which is carried out in the final part of the project. An intelligent and advanced control of LED lighting was developed, which enables optimization of the user's light conditions in a given situation. Based on a number of known parameters, the system can control lighting so that at any time optimal light conditions are created, using a minimum of electric power. (LN)

  8. High voltage BMS for Li-ion nano-batteries for automotive purposes. Slutrapport 2009

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loncarevic, I.

    2010-03-15

    The purpose of the project is to develop and prepare for mass production a scalable 260-400V Battery Management System (BMS) for controlling large Li-ion nano-batteries used in transportation vehicles - including passanger vehicles (up to 2 tonnes) and smaller trucks (up to 6 tonnes). This purpose has been fulfilled, as a scalable system has been developed in the project, consisting of two main components. The local monitoring unit is able to monitor 3-8 battery cells for voltages and temperature, and to balance the cells to achieve a uniform voltage level. The central control unit is capable of collecting data from and managing up to 32 local monitoring units, which means that the complete battery pack can contain between 3 and 256 battery cells connected in series. The central control unit also manages charger and load, and it has several input and output options. It supports both analogue and digital signals as well as communication via CAN-BUS protocol, the automotive standard. The complete system was run into production in the last part of the project and xternal certification tests where performed. In 2010 the product won the Frost and Sullivan Automotive Product Innovation Award. The originally planned pilot projects with foreign clients were not conducted, but the system has been implemented successfully in a number of pilot projects with clients in both the automotive and other sectors instead. The system was launched to the market for the first time on the electric vehicle show EVS24 in Stavanger in May 2009. The project was finally concluded in September 2009 with a 4 month delay due to high demand from potential customers during the project, who wanted to test the system in pilot projects. These customer projects were given priority, as they were perceived as an opportunity to obtain valuable experiences with the developed system and implement improvements before the final version was put into production, which then happened with a delay compared to the original project plan. (Author)

  9. Effects of different vegetation on temperature in an urban building environment. Micro-scale numerical experiments

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gross, Guenter [Hannover Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Meteorologie und Klimatologie

    2012-08-15

    A three-dimensional micro-scale model is used to study the effects of various greenery on temperature in a built-up environment. Green design elements like roofs and facades, lawns in courtyards and single trees are studied individually as well as in various combinations. Measures for comparison are temperatures at 2 m height and mean temperatures for the urban atmosphere up to the building height. Different types of greenery can reduce local temperatures up to 15 K during specific daytime hours. However, this extraordinary effect is restricted to a short time and especially to the direct surroundings, while an impact over larger distances is small. Roof and facade greenery have hardly any influence on temperature at the 2 m level but reduce daytime heating of the urban atmosphere to a minor degree, while the relevance of trees is more or less limited to the shadow effect. A significant decrease in urban temperatures can be achieved only with a large number of very different individual green elements. The largest effect on the urban atmosphere was simulated for a change in albedo resulting in a temperature decrease of some degrees around noon. (orig.)

  10. Electric energy saving using natural illumination, in educational spaces; Ahorro de energia electrica utilizando iluminacion natural, en espacios educativos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alpuche, Maria G; Marincic, Irene; Ochoa, Jose M [Programa de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sonora (Mexico)

    2008-07-15

    In this article the natural illumination in a space pertaining to the building of Architecture of the University of Sonora, in the city of Hermosillo is analyzed, Located towards the Northeast facade. This same space is repeated in the South facade, and paradoxically the space has the same dimensions and the same luminance design. Also the simulation of natural illumination by means of the Ecotec program is realized, and the levels of natural illumination in educational spaces, corresponding to the facilities of the University of Sonora are analyzed, where most of the year there is a completely clear sky. [Spanish] En este articulo se analiza la iluminacion natural en un espacio correspondiente al edificio de Arquitectura de la Universidad de sonora, en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Ubicado hacia la fachada Noreste. Este mismo espacio se repite en la fachada Sur, y el espacio tienen las mismas dimensiones y paradojicamente, el mismo diseno luminico. Tambien se realiza la simulacion de iluminacion natural mediante el programa Ecotec, y se analizan los niveles de iluminacion natural en espacios educativos, correspondientes a las instalaciones de la Universidad de Sonora, donde la mayor parte del ano se cuenta con un cielo completamente despejado.

  11. A completely transparent, adhesively bonded soda-lime glass block masonry system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. Oikonomopoulou

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A pioneering, all transparent, self-supporting glass block facade is presented in this paper. Previously realized examples utilize embedded metal components in order to obtain the desired structural performance despite the fact that these elements greatly affect the facade’s overall transparency level. Undeniably, the oxymoron ‘transparency and strength’ remains the prime concern in such applications. In this paper, a new, innovative structural system for glass block facades is described, which demonstrably meets both criteria. The structure is exclusively constructed by monolithic glass blocks, bonded with a colourless, UV-curing adhesive, obtaining thus a maximum transparency. In addition, the desired structural performance is achieved solely through the masonry system, without any opaque substructure. Differing from previous realized projects, solid soda-lime glass blocks are used rather than borosilicate ones. This article provides an overview of the integrated architectural and structural design and discusses the choice of materials. The structural verification of the system is demonstrated. The results show that the adhesively bonded glass block structure has the required self-structural behaviour, but only if strict tolerances are met in the geometry of the glass blocks.

  12. Seasonal shading of walls with transparent thermal insulation by means of prismatic panes; Saisonale Abschattung von transparent gedaemmten Waenden mit Hilfe von Prismenscheiben

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Christoffers, D.; Kneser, P.; Schramm, U. [Institut fuer Solarenergieforschung GmbH Hameln/Emmerthal (ISFH), Emmerthal (Germany). Abt. Systemtechnik von Solaranlagen

    1998-02-01

    Using prismatic panes, a seasonal shading responsive to the sun`s position can be realized. Thus the solar gains from direct radiation can be closely matched to the annual pattern of the heating requirements of buildings. The panes are suitable for window or facade elements in applications which do not need transparency insulated walls. The direct radiation received on a vertical south-oriented facade is reduced to 10% on clear summer days, while 90% is transmitted on clear winter days. The paper reports on results from computer simulations and experiences from a one year field test. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit Hilfe von Prismenscheiben kann eine sonnenstandsabhaengige, saisonale Verschattung realisiert werden. Damit lassen sich solare Gewinne aus direkter Einstrahlung sehr gut an den jaehrlichen Verlauf des Heizenergiebedarfs von Gebaeuden anpassen. Sie eignen sich als nach Sueden weisende Fenster- und Fassadenelemente vorzugsweise in Bereichen, die keinen freien Durchblick benoetigen, insbesondere auch fuer transparent gedaemmte Solarwaende. Die auf die Suedfassade treffende Direktstrahlung wird durch die Prismenscheibe an klaren Wintertagen auf etwa 90%, an klaren Sommertagen auf 10% reduziert. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Ergebnisse von Simulationsrechnungen und die Erfahrungen aus einem einjaehrigen Praxistest. (orig.)

  13. Selective paint coatings for coloured solar absorbers: Polyurethane thickness insensitive spectrally selective (TISS) paints (Part II)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Orel, B.; Spreizer, H.; Surca Vuk, A.; Fir, M. [National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Merlini, D.; Vodlan, M. [Color d.d., Cesta komandanta Staneta 4, SI-1230 Medvode (Slovenia); Koehl, M. [Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, D-79110 Freiburg (Germany)

    2007-01-23

    Red, green and blue paints were prepared for use as thickness insensitive spectrally selective (TISS) paint coatings for solar facade absorbers. The paints were composed of a polyurethane resin binder in which various pigments were incorporated in such a way that they formed stable paint dispersions, satisfying stability criteria for facade coatings. A low emittance of the paints was achieved by using low-emittance aluminium flake pigments combined with iron oxide (red coloured paints). Black pigment was added to adjust solar absorptance. Blue and green paints were made by the addition of coloured aluminium flake pigment and the solar absorptance was also adjusted by the addition of black pigment. Efficiency for photo-thermal conversion of solar radiation was assessed by evaluation of the corresponding performance criteria, which enabled the selection of paints whose performance criteria values were higher than 0 (spectrally non-selective black coating). The results confirmed that blue and green paints and to minor extent red ones, combined selectivity with colour. The morphology of the paints was assessed, revealing that the colours originated from the deposition of finely dispersed colour and/or black pigment on the surface of the aluminium flakes during paint preparation. (author)

  14. Analysis of variables that influence electric energy consumption in commercial buildings in Brazil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carvalho, M.M.Q. [Technical Drawing Department, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Energy Planning Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Research and Graduate Studies in Engineering - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); La Rovere, E.L. [Energy Planning Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Research and Graduate Studies in Engineering - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Goncalves, A.C.M. [Program for Graduate Studies in Architecture, School of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

    2010-12-15

    Air conditioning systems in commercial buildings in Brazil are responsible for about 70% share of their energy consumption. According to BEN 2009 (The Brazilian Energy Balance), energy consumption in the residential, commercial and public sectors, where most buildings are found, represents 9.3% of the final energy consumption in Brazil. This paper aims to examine design factors that could contribute to greater reductions of electric energy consumption in commercial buildings, with emphasis on air conditioning. Simulations were carried out using shades and different types of glass, walls, flooring and roofing. The VisualDOE 2.61 was used as a simulation tool for calculating energy consumption of the analyzed building. This paper shows that the energy performance of the building is considerably influenced by the facade protection and shows, through tables, the impact that decisions related to the top-level and facades have on the energy consumption of the building. The authors concluded that the results confirm the importance of taking energy use into account in the very first design stages of the project, since appropriate choices of types of glass, external shading and envelope materials have a significant impact on energy consumption. (author)

  15. The stress peak at the borehole of point-fitted IGU with undercut anchors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mike Tibolt

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The highest transparency in glass facades is obtained with point fitted glass units. Point fitted insulating glass units minimize thermal bridging and lead to glass facades with better energy efficiency. Though, insufficient knowledge is present to offer a design method for point fittings in insulating glass. Therefore research has been carried out to extend the existing SLG-design-method (Linear superposition of local and global stress components of Beyer for point fitted single and laminated glass to insulation glass units. This paper presents the first results of this research campaign. Load bearing tests on point fittings in single glazing have been conducted. A finite element model of the point fitting is calibrated by strain comparison. A test campaign for the deviation of a material law for silicone, used as secondary sealant in the edge seal system, is presented. The verified FE-model is implemented in a selected insulation glass unit, and the influence of the edge distance of the point fitting, as well as the edge bond stiffness and geometry on the stress peak at the borehole is investigated. In addition, the size of the so called ‘local area’ is adjusted for insulation glass units.

  16. Seismic and Power Generation Performance of U-Shaped Steel Connected PV-Shear Wall under Lateral Cyclic Loading

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hongmei Zhang

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available BIPV is now widely used in office and residential buildings, but its seismic performance still remained vague especially when the photovoltaic (PV modules are installed on high-rise building facades. A new form of reinforced concrete shear wall integrated with photovoltaic module is proposed in this paper, aiming to apply PV module to the facades of high-rise buildings. In this new form, the PV module is integrated with the reinforced concrete wall by U-shaped steel connectors through embedded steel plates. The lateral cyclic loading test is executed to investigate the seismic behavior and the electric and thermal performance with different drift angles. The seismic behavior, including failure pattern, lateral force-top displacement relationship, and deformation capacity, was investigated. The power generation and temperature variation on the back of the PV module and both sides of the shear wall were also tested. Two main results are demonstrated through the experiment: (1 the U-shaped steel connectors provide enough deformation capacity for the compatibility of the PV module to the shear wall during the whole cyclic test; (2 the electricity generation capacity is effective and stable during this seismic simulation test.

  17. Resgate vegetativo por alporquia de genótipos adultos de urucum (Bixa orellana L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilton César Mantovani

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a técnica de alporquia visando ao resgate vegetativo de genótipos de urucum (Bixa orellana L. e a obtenção de plantas fornecedoras de propágulos para processos de propagação clonal. Foram utilizadas dez plantas matrizes de urucum, com 12 anos de idade, obtidas partindo do cruzamento artificial entre os genótipos "Fruto Verde Piloso" X "Fruto Vermelho Liso". Os alporques foram realizados em ramos de 1 a 2 cm de diâmetro, utilizando-se como substrato uma mistura de vermiculita e musgo. Foi avaliado o efeito (1 do tipo de anelamento da casca dos ramos (total ou parcial, com 1 cm de comprimento, (2 do AIB (ácido indol-3-butírico a 0 e 4,92 mM aplicado em papel filtro e (3 do tipo de proteção dos alporques (filmes plásticos transparente ou preto ou tecido tencel, no enraizamento de alporque dos dez genótipos. A técnica de alporquia proporcionou o enraizamento de ramos dos dez genótipos avaliados, com eficiência variável de 20 a 100%, havendo efeito do genótipo sobre a frequência de enraizamento. A sobrevivência desses alporques foi de 100% após o plantio quando estes foram produzidos com anelamento total, tratados com AIB e protegidos com plástico transparente. Em casa de vegetação os alporques desenvolveram ramos partindo da brotação de gemas caulinares constituindo estoques de explantes apropriados para serem utilizados como estacas ou como fontes de segmentos nodais para a propagação in vitro desta espécie.

  18. Architecture and Art Regulations for Karl Marx Street

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alla Mironenko

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The architecture and art regulations for Karl Marx Street and adjoining territories have been worked out for the Committee for town planning of the Irkutsk city administration. Basic provisions: facades of buildings and structures, outdoor advertising and information facilities, artistic illumination of buildings, elements of land improvements. The main principle is to preserve historical appearance and to create a contemporary and comfortable environment.

  19. EL CUERPO DEL DOMUS ENTRE DOS SIGLOS DESDE EL DISCURSO TECNO-PSICOLÓGICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heidi Figueroa Sarriera

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A través de la discusión de dos inventos que reúnen instancias del discurso tecnopsicológico del siglo XX, se dialoga sobre continuidades e inflexiones en la construcción del imaginario corporal en el ambiente domótico entre los siglos XX y XXI. Se argumenta que los aparatos tecnológicos son más que meras herramientas, pues participan activa- mente en la construcción de imaginarios epocales sobre el cuerpo y la subjetividad. Se concluye con el vínculo entre la producción de un imaginario de cuerpo transparente junto a una subjetividad de autorregulación.

  20. Novedades en el uso del barniz de flúor. Reporte de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guido Perona Miguel de Priego

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Los barnices fluorados se utiliza en la odontologia desde hace mucho tiempo demostrando ser eficaz en la inhibición de la desmineralización del esmalte y promoción de la remineralización del mismo, una presentación tradicional es de color amarillo/naranja que siempre ha sido de cuestionar por los padres de familia si se está realizando una profilaxis dental porque aplicar uma sustancia de color sobre los dientes. Se presenta la técnica de um nuevo barniz transparente en un niño de 5 años de edad que presentaba lesiones de manchas blancas y su control a los 21 días.

  1. Minimización del impacto ambiental en la ejecución de fachadas mediante el empleo de materiales reciclados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marrero, M.

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available New recycled construction materials, developed by the authors among others, have been proposed in order to reduce the environmental and economical impact of the building facades. The model "Quantification of resources consumed in construction", by means of the bill of quantities which is based on the Andalusia Building Cost System, assesses the impact minimization. A real dwelling facade is analyzed, which is made of brick cladding and plasterboard, materials widely used in Andalusia, Spain. In the analysis these construction materials control the impact and are replaced by gypsum and concrete recycled panels, respectively. Finally the changes are evaluated by the quantification model, showing a significant reduction in the environmental and economical impact of the facade construction. The present work shows that the model "Quantification of resources consumed in construction" is sensible to changes in the construction materials.

    Nuevos materiales de construcción reciclados, desarrollados por los autores entre otros, han sido propuestos para minimizar el impacto ambiental y económico de las fachadas. Para medir dicha minimización se ha empleado un modelo de cuantificación de recursos consumidos en construcción basado en la clasificación sistemática de la medición y del presupuesto de obras de edificación del Banco de Costes de la Construcción de Andalucía. Se ha analizado la fachada de una vivienda compuesta principalmente por fábrica de ladrillo y trasdosado de paneles de yeso laminado, materiales comúnmente empleados en las viviendas en Andalucía, que controlan tanto el impacto ambiental como el económico de la solución y han sido sustituidos por paneles reciclados de yeso y placas recicladas de hormigón. Finalmente se ha comprobado mediante el modelo de cuantificación como se reduce significativamente el impacto ambiental sin incrementar el económico, quedando demostrada la sensibilidad del modelo.

  2. Switching from static to adaptable and dynamic building envelopes: A paradigm shift for the energy efficiency in buildings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Perino

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available The key role of the building envelope in attaining building energy efficiency and satisfactory indoor comfort has long been established. Nevertheless, until recent times, all efforts and attention have mainly been focused on increasing and optimizing the thermal insulation of the envelope components. This strategy was a winning approach for a long time, but its limitations became obvious when users and designers started to consider the overall energy demand of a building and started to aim for Zero Energy Building (ZEB or nearly ZEB goals. New and more revolutionary concepts and technologies needed to be developed to satisfy such challenging requirements. The potential benefits of this technological development are relevant since the building envelope plays a key role in controlling the energy and mass flows from outdoors to indoors (and vice versa and, moreover, the facades offer a significant opportunity for solar energy exploitation. Several researches have demonstrated that the limitation of the existing facades could be overcome only by switching from ‘static’ to ‘responsive’ and ‘dynamic’ systems, such as Multifunctional Facade Modules (MFMs and Responsive Building Elements (RBE. These components are able to continuously and pro-actively react to outdoor and indoor environment conditions and facilitate and enhance the exploitation of renewable and low exergy sources. In order to reduce the energy demand, to maximize the indoor comfort conditions and to produce energy at the site, these almost ‘self-sufficient’, or even ‘positive energy’ building skins frequently incorporate different technologies and are functionally connected to other building services and installations. An overview of the technological evolution of the building envelope that has taken place, ranging from traditional components to the innovative skins, will be given in this paper, while focusing on the different approaches that have characterized this

  3. Daylighting in linear atrium buildings at high latitudes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matusiak, Barbara

    1998-12-31

    This thesis proposes new criteria for visual comfort based on knowledge of visual perception and a method for estimating the modelling ability of light by using inter-reflection calculations. Simplified calculations are presented for the daylight factor in linear building structures, using the projected solid angle principle, for uniform sky and for CIE overcast sky conditions. The calculations are compared with experimental results. Simple diagrams are created based on calculations of the mean daylight factor in rooms adjacent to a narrow street. These diagrams and presented formulas and tables can be used as a simple design tool. Daylighting strategies for linear atrium buildings at high latitudes are developed and examined. These strategies are divided into three groups: (1) the atrium space and facades as light conductor/reflector, (2) the glass roof as a light conductor, and (3) light reflectors on the neighbouring roof. The atrium space and facade strategies are subdivided into passive and active. The strategies connected to the glazed roof includes different configurations of glazing: horizontal, single pitched, double pitched, and the use of laser cut panels and prismatic panels in the glazed roof. The shapes of reflectors on the neighbouring roof are a flat reflector, a parabolic reflector and a parabolic concentrator. Strategies from all three groups are examined on a physical model of scale 1:20 in the artificial sky of mirror box type. Simulations with artificial sun have also been done. The results from model studies are compared with computer simulations. All the active daylighting systems designed for use in the atrium space or on the atrium facades have a huge potential for use in atrium buildings. From the strategies connected with the glazed roof the negatively sloped glass is found to be the best alternative for glazed roofs at high latitudes. Among the roof reflectors, the flat one performs best. 82 refs., 122 figs., 27 tabs.

  4. Distribución de tensiones en fachadas de azulejos sujetas a dilataciones térmicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marrero, M.

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Tiles have been widely used in building facades due to important qualities such as little maintenance needed and high performance under aggressive environmental conditions, but tiles also present some limitations. One among them is that tile glaze brakes after collocation, usually due to the high temperature range facades undergo. The present work studies the stresses that take place in a tile facade when is submitted to high temperature variation. Special emphasis in the analysis is taken on the outer system elements. The problem is represented by means of a numerical solution using the Finite Element Analysis. Two different geometrical shapes commonly found have been modeled, a square tile with straight border and square tiles with a beveled edge.

    Los azulejos son ampliamente utilizados como revestimiento de fachadas en las edificaciones ya que poseen cualidades importantes como pueden ser su reducida necesidad de mantenimiento periódico y su alta resistencia a condiciones ambientales agresivas, pero también presentan diversas limitaciones. La patología más común y que más problemas genera en una fachada de azulejos es la rotura del vidriado. En muchos casos el problema tiene su origen en las fuertes variaciones de la temperatura exterior a las que se ven sometidas las fachadas. En el presente trabajo se estudian las tensiones en los elementos más exteriores de una fachada, revestida con piezas cerámicas vidriadas sometidas a una dilatación térmica, mediante un modelo de elementos finitos que permite calcular y representar la distribución de tensiones que se generan, a la vez que se identifican las zonas que alcanzan los niveles de esfuerzo más altos. Se han modelado dos geometrías encontradas en la cerámica moderna y tradicional para comprobar como estas últimas abordan el problema de concentración de tensiones mediante soluciones sencillas que pueden ser fácilmente reproducibles en la actualidad.

  5. Comparative Study on Acoustic Behavior Between Light Multi-layered and Traditional Façades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruiz, L.

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Light multi-layered facade systems in general have been acoustically little studied. The data available suggests they do not usually fulfil the sound insulation values required in the Technical Building Code (CTE in particularly in noisy environments. Therefore the main objectives of this study, is to obtain light multi-layered façade systems with a high degree of acoustic insulation that can be used in noisy environments. While in turn showing excellent thermal characteristics, without neglecting important aspects such as the sustainability of materials, industrialization, costs, among others. This article will explain the process that has been followed to carry out an investigation on the acoustic behaviour of light multi-layered facades. For this purpose acoustic behaviour and sound intensimetry measurement methods have been used. After obtaining these results, a comparison between light multi-layered and traditional facades was made.Los sistemas de fachadas multicapas ligeras acústicamente, en general han sido poco estudiados. Los primeros datos que se tienen es que no suelen alcanzar los valores de aislamiento acústico requeridos en el Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE en entornos especialmente ruidosos. Los objetivos principales de esta investigación son obtener fachadas multicapas ligeras con un alto grado de aislamiento acústico, que puedan ser empleados en entornos ruidosos. Al mismo tiempo que presenten excelentes características térmicas, sin descuidar aspectos tan importantes como la sostenibilidad, industrialización, costes, etc. En este artículo se explicará el proceso que se ha llevado a cabo para realizar una investigación relacionada con el comportamiento acústico de fachadas multicapas ligeras. Para ello se han empleado los métodos de medida del comportamiento acústico a ruido aéreo e intensimetría sonora. Una vez obtenidos estos resultados se realiza una comparativa entre las fachadas multicapas ligeras

  6. Towards green buildings: Glass as a building element-the use and misuse in the gulf region

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aboulnaga, Mohsen M. [College of Design and Applied Arts, Dubai University College, Dubai P.O. Box 14143 (United Arab Emirates)

    2006-04-15

    The recent economic growth in the Gulf region notably in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) has led to a colossal number of buildings that has been constructed in the past 5 years. In the last decade, a total glazed building's facades became the icon of Dubai. This large area of glazing in each facade needs protection against overheating and sun glare in summer. According to leader in energy and environmental design (LEED) glass selection becomes a main element in this equation to contribute towards achieving a green building. The aim of this paper is to investigate the problems associated with misuse of glass, as a building element in UAE particularly in Dubai. Inadequate design with ill-selected glass/glazing type may lead not only to poor daylighting in building interiors but also contribute significantly to fatigue, insomnia, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and above all increase CO{sub 2} emission. The purpose of the study is to specify the required improvements to permit natural, 'free' daylight to filter through the building facade into interior space, especially with the right type of glass. This paper examines the status of buildings in Dubai in terms of glass type, visible light transmittance, reflection (out/in) and relative heat gain. A quantitative analysis is conducted to assess the impact of glass on the building users' performance in terms of daylight environment. A recent built high-rise office building was selected in the investigation to asses whether selected glass provide the recommended daylight factor (DF) and daylight level (DL) according to IES standards. The results revealed that most the glass/glazing was misused in 70% of buildings in intermediate and low performance groups. The DF and DD in the selected office building were unexpectedly tremendous and found far beyond the recommended level due to the use of spectrally selective glazing (clear on both sides). [Author].

  7. Double skin façade: Modelling technique and influence of venetian blinds on the airflow and heat transfer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iyi, Draco; Hasan, Reaz; Penlington, Roger; Underwood, Chris

    2014-01-01

    The demand to reduce building cooling load and annual energy consumption can be optimised with the use of Double Skin Facade (DSF). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are frequently used for the analysis of heat transfer through DSF. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding few key parameters, such as modelling strategies and the solar heat transmitted to the indoor space as a function of the blind tilt angles and positioning within the façade channel. In this paper we have investigated four modelling strategies and the influence of blind tilt angle and their proximity to the façade walls. The DSF system used in this investigation is equipped with venetian blinds and facades that absorb and reflect the incident solar radiation and transfer the direct solar heat gain into the building. A finite volume discretization method with the SIMPLE solution algorithm of the velocity-pressure coupling involving the low-turbulence k–ε model is used. A ray-traced solar model is coupled with long wave radiation model to solve the complete solar and radiation fields along with convection and conduction fields. On the modelling strategies, three dimensional domains were cast over three computational zones; external zone with solar radiation entering the outer skin of glass; buoyancy-driven air cavity zone with convection and transmitted solar radiation; and an internal zone. Also investigated is the thermal behaviour of the DSF due to the blind tilt angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) and its position from the facade walls (104 mm, 195 mm, 287 mm and 379 mm). Validations of the results are based on experimental data from the literature and the predicted trends compared very well with the experimental measurements. The heat gain due to direct solar radiation and convection through the facades to the internal space are presented. Comparative analysis of the four modelling strategies shows little variation of the results. The implication is a reduction in

  8. In-Plane Strengthening Effect of Prefabricated Concrete Walls on Masonry Structures: Shaking Table Test

    OpenAIRE

    Li, Weiwei; Liu, Weiqing; Wang, Shuguang; Du, Dongsheng

    2017-01-01

    The improvement effect of a new strengthening strategy on dynamic action of masonry structure, by installing prefabricated concrete walls on the outer facades, is validated by shaking table test presented in this paper. We carried out dynamic tests of two geometrically identical five-story reduced scaled models, including an unstrengthened and a strengthened masonry model. The experimental analysis encompasses seismic performances such as cracking patterns, failure mechanisms, amplification f...

  9. Hizb ut-Tahrir: A Threat Behind a Legal Facade?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Schneider, Frank

    2006-01-01

    .... Its objectives are strictly political, and its main goal is to topple an existing regime to resurrect the caliphate with structures and conditions similar to the ones of early 7th century Islam...

  10. Hizb ut-Tahrir: A Threat Behind a Legal Facade?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-06-01

    private, public, and state. Produced wealth out of ownership belongs to God alone and the state ensures appropriate taxation , to include kharaj and...is the word of God, revealed to and recited by Muhammad, later written down and distributed in a canonical form by his successors. However, the...the collection of loose papyrus-leaves from Hafsa (a widow of Muhammad) in order to have them bound into a single volume. Uthman canoned and

  11. AM Envelope : Potentials of Additive Manufacturing for facade construction

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Strauss, H.; Knaack, U.

    2012-01-01

    Not only in the medical, aviation and automotive industry, the Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are being looked upon as increasingly important production processes. But also the construction industiy is realizing more and more the chances and opportunities, that open up with these technologies

  12. Demonstration of hydrogen society in Nakskov. Final report; Denmark; Demonstratorium - Brintsamfundet i Nakskov. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bech-Madsen, J. (IRD Fuel Cell Technology, Svendborg (DK)); Krogh Jensen, J. (Baltic Sea Solutions, Bass, Holeby (DK))

    2008-02-15

    This report summarizes results from the 'Demonstration of hydrogen in Nakskov' project. The project has established a demonstration of the Hydrogen Community in Nakskov. The demonstration facility is located at the entrance to Nakskov Genbrugsplads which has a lot of visitors. At this location information boards help visitors get acquainted with the technology and the function of the plant. It is likely that the majority of the citizens of West Lolland has visited the demonstration plant. The demonstration plant includes the following elements: 1) Container buildings for control and monitoring as well as housing of the process equipment. The containers are fully equipped with electricity, water and water treatment systems, drains, ventilation, cooling and heating systems and extensive safety systems. 2) Two fully automated PEM-CHP fuel cell units of 2 kW and 7.5 kW. 3) Two PEM-electrolysers for hydrogen and oxygen production for use in fuel cells and stimulation of aerobe processes in a waste water treatment system. 4) Low pressure storage steel tanks for oxygen and hydrogen. 5) Gas distribution grid for transporting oxygen and hydrogen from the electrolysers to the storage tanks and back to the fuel cells. 6) Official Authority approvals of the total demonstration facility comprising municipal building permission. Approval of zone classification and storage of hydrogen and oxygen, by the Lolland fire chief, February 1. 2007. Environmental evaluation and Environmental Impact assesment screening of the project performed by the regional county (Storstroms Amt), November 13. 2006. Project approval of hydrogen production and fuel cell plant by the Danish Safety Technology Authority, May 2. 2007. (au)

  13. Slutrapport for ELFORSK projekt nr. 341-009, Den CO2 neutrale arbejdsplads – hovedprojekt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Poulsen, Peter Behrensdorff; Bentzen, Barbara; Holm, Kristian Bartholin

    2010-01-01

    As the world develops, the requirement for more electrical equipment in everyday life is increasing rapidly. The power consumption of electrical appliances both in operation and in standby mode therefore greatly contributes to our total energy consumption. When regarding the energy lifetime of an...... of the flexibility in light spectrum and intensity made available by the LED setup. The system has been tested on several solar cells and panels for IV characterization and obtaining the spectral response of cells at different levels of irradiation........ To integrate solar cells into a design object has proved to be challenging. Throughout the development process it has been extremely important with the coherence between technology and design in a close dialogue between all parties. The project team has made three distinctive designs, where design solutions...... and nationally. A LED based solar simulator has been build and follows the IEC904-9 requirements for a Class A solar simulator though at an irradiation level of about 100 W/m2. It is more advanced and flexible than traditional artificial sun simulators based on a Xenon light source since because...

  14. Price sensitive electric power consumption in households. Final report; Prisfoelsomt elforbrug i husholdninger. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Togeby, M.; Hay, C. (Ea Energianalyse A/S, Copenhagen (Denmark))

    2009-08-15

    To gain experience with electric power consumption in households based on demand response a demonstration project was carried out for households with electric heating. More than 500 households with high power consumption (over 15,000 kWh / yr) participated. Participating households were divided into four groups: 1) a group with automation equipment ('Devi') installed, which automatically controls the electric heating in relation to electricity price signals based on pre-defined standards, 2) a group with electronics equipment ('Electronic House Keeper') installed which can show price signals so that the participant himself can control the electric heating in relation thereto, 3) a group who daily received an e-mail or a text message indicating the fluctuations in electricity prices, so that the participant can control the electric heating in relation to the received information, 4) a control group who did not have knowledge of or participated in the experiment. The main results of the project are that consumption must be controlled through automation. A real impact of the experiment can only be seen for the Devi group, which had automation equipment installed, and not for the email / text message group who had to manually respond to price signals. There must be opportunities for higher degree of differentiation. The automatics should be coupled to multiple thermostats, and the control should be detailed, for example, with control based on the individual thermostat in each room. The thermal comfort is essential. The participants want to manage and move their electricity consumption directly via 'Electronic House Keeper'. They would welcome the opportunity to have all household appliances connected to the solution, making it possible to turn on / off these depending on prices. Good information and communication are crucial to participants' motivation. (ln)

  15. Advanced storage concepts for solar and low energy buildings, IEA-SHC Task 32. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schultz, J.M.; Andersen, Elsa; Furbo, S.

    2008-01-15

    This report reports on the results of the activities carried through in connection with the Danish part of the IEA SHC Task 32 project: Advanced Storage Concepts for Solar and Low Energy Buildings. The Danish involvement has focused on Subtask C: Storage Concepts Based on Phase Change Materials and Subtask D: Storage Concepts Based on Advanced Water Tanks and Special Devices. The report describes activities concerning heat-of-fusion storage and advanced water storage. (BA)

  16. Active materials for adaptive architectural envelopes based on plant adaptation principles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlen Lopez

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, the authors present research into adaptive architectural envelopes that adapt to environmental changes using active materials, as a result of application of biomimetic principles from plants to architecture. Buildings use large amounts of energy in order to maintain their internal comfort, because conventional buildings are designed to provide a static design solution. Most of the current solutions for facades are not designed for optimum adaptation to contextual issues and needs, while biological solutions to adaptation are often complex, multi-functional and highly responsive. We focus on plant adaptations to the environment, as, due to their immobility, they have developed special means of protection against weather changing conditions. Furthermore, recent developments in new technologies are allowing the possibility to transfer these plant adaptation strategies to technical implementation. These technologies include: multi-material 3D printing, advances in materials science and new capabilities in simulation software. Unlike traditional mechanical activation used for dynamic systems in kinetic facades, adaptive architectural envelopes require no complex electronics, sensors, or actuators. The paper proposes a research of the relationship that can be developed between active materials and environmental issues in order to propose innovative and low-tech design strategies to achieve living envelopes according to plant adaptation principles.  

  17. Engineering modeling of traffic noise in shielded areas in cities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salomons, Erik M; Polinder, Henk; Lohman, Walter J A; Zhou, Han; Borst, Hieronymous C; Miedema, Henk M E

    2009-11-01

    A computational study of road traffic noise in cities is presented. Based on numerical boundary-element calculations of canyon-to-canyon propagation, an efficient engineering algorithm is developed to calculate the effect of multiple reflections in street canyons. The algorithm is supported by a room-acoustical analysis of the reverberant sound fields in the source and receiver canyons. Using the algorithm, a simple model for traffic noise in cities is developed. Noise maps and exposure distributions of the city of Amsterdam are calculated with the model, and for comparison also with an engineering model that is currently used for traffic noise impact assessments in cities. Considerable differences between the two model predictions are found for shielded buildings with day-evening-night levels of 40-60 dB at the facades. Further, an analysis is presented of level differences between the most and the least exposed facades of buildings. Large level differences are found for buildings directly exposed to traffic noise from nearby roads. It is shown that by a redistribution of traffic flow around these buildings, one can achieve low sound levels at quiet sides and a corresponding reduction in the percentage of highly annoyed inhabitants from typically 23% to 18%.

  18. Estudo estrutural e cristalização em vidros fluorogermanatos

    OpenAIRE

    Bueno, Luciano Avallone [UNESP

    1999-01-01

    Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal a preparação de vitrocerâmicas transparentes no sistema PbGeO3-PbF2-CdF2 e a determinação do domínio vítreo no diagrama de composições para este sistema. Observou-se que a introdução dos óxidos de germânio e chumbo na forma de metagermanato de chumbo (PbGeO3) propiciou a diminuição da perda de íons fluoreto durante a síntese das amostras. Foram obtidos vidros bastante estáveis frente a ristalização, com boa qualidade óptica contendo alta concentração ...

  19. Transparencia en las organizaciones, una aproximación desde la perspectiva de los colaboradores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florina Guadalupe Arredondo Trapero

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de investigación es identificar las diferencias de percepción acerca de la transparencia organizacional desde la perspectiva del colaborador dependiendo del sector, del tamaño y de la cobertura a la que pertenece la empresa. Se realizan pruebas t en un colectivo de empresas en México para medir las diferencias significativas entre los diversos grupos de empresas, encontrando que la empresa del sector privado y con perfil exportador tiende a integrar de una forma más decidida las prácticas transparentes que los otros tipos de empresas o instituciones. Se propone que un colaborador ciudadano puede ser un elemento clave dentro de las organizaciones públicas y privadas para incrementar la transparencia organizacional.

  20. « Holding that wisp of iridescence »

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marie C. Bouchet

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Le blanc relève d’une ambiguïté essentielle que reflètent les deux possibilités de sa traduction en anglais, « white » ou « blank ». En effet, l’anglais se distingue une fois de plus par la double ascendance qui caractérise son lexique. Le mot « white » vient du vieil anglais « hwit » et désigne le blanc en tant que nuance colorée (« the color of fresh snow or common salt », Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, alors que « blank », dont l’origine française est transparente, indique l’abse...

  1. A Incidência Final dos Impostos Indiretos no Brasil: Efeitos da Tributação de Insumos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siqueira Rozane Bezerra de

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Devido à multiplicidade de impostos e alíquotas e à incidência sobre insumos, o efeito final do sistema brasileiro de impostos indiretos sobre os preços está longe de ser transparente. Usando um método que incorpora os efeitos multissetoriais dos impostos indiretos, este artigo calcula, para o Brasil, a incidência efetiva destes impostos sobre os diferentes componentes da demanda final. Os resultados mostram que atividades para as quais existe uma política explícita de desoneração de impostos são de fato significativamente tributadas, indicando que a incidência final pode ser bem diversa daquela defendida pelos formuladores de políticas tributárias ou desejada pela sociedade.

  2. Integrated Thermal-Energy Analysis of Innovative Translucent White Marble for Building Envelope Application

    OpenAIRE

    Federica Rosso; Anna Laura Pisello; Franco Cotana; Marco Ferrero

    2014-01-01

    Marble is a natural material, used in the construction field since antiquity. It has always been used to communicate monumentality and solidity. Nowadays new technologies permit marble to express new languages: particularly, translucent marble technology overturns the concept of solidity. The main issue to address is the lack of thermal-energy performance of such a thin stone layer as the only facade component. Conversely, Bianco Carrara and Statuario marbles, for instance, have intrinsic be...

  3. Architectural Survey of Pence Elementary School, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-01

    younger students often learned what they needed to know from older students (Graves 1993, 22). During the first half of the 19th century , urban...of class- rooms with an applied Gothic, Greek Revival, or Victorian facade to create a cohesive building (Figure 5). ERDC/CERL TR-11-25 8...with Eliel and Eero Saarinen and con- structed in 1940, this school was the first to separate from the traditional Victorian style of school buildings

  4. Empirical Test Case Specification

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kalyanova, Olena; Heiselberg, Per

    This document includes the empirical specification on the IEA task of evaluation building energy simulation computer programs for the Double Skin Facades (DSF) constructions. There are two approaches involved into this procedure, one is the comparative approach and another is the empirical one. I....... In the comparative approach the outcomes of different software tools are compared, while in the empirical approach the modelling results are compared with the results of experimental test cases....

  5. Roll-to-roll thin film coating on fluoropolymer webs - status, challenges and applications

    OpenAIRE

    Fahlteich, John; Steiner, Cindy; Schiller, Nicolas; Miesbauer, Oliver; Noller, Klaus; Deichmann, Karl-Joachim; Mirza, Mark; Amberg-Schwab, Sabine

    2017-01-01

    Fluoropolymer webs and membranes commonly exhibit superior optical properties such as high transmittance over a broad wavelength range and very good outdoor stability. Therefore, fluoropolymer films are used in architecture, for example, in membrane roofs and facades in stadiums, shopping malls, and airports or as front-side encapsulation for solar cells. However, thin film deposition on fluoropolymer webs – both in vacuum and at atmospheric pressure – face several critical challenges includi...

  6. Accuracy Assessment of a Complex Building 3d Model Reconstructed from Images Acquired with a Low-Cost Uas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oniga, E.; Chirilă, C.; Stătescu, F.

    2017-02-01

    Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are a wide used technique for acquisition in order to create buildings 3D models, providing the acquisition of a high number of images at very high resolution or video sequences, in a very short time. Since low-cost UASs are preferred, the accuracy of a building 3D model created using this platforms must be evaluated. To achieve results, the dean's office building from the Faculty of "Hydrotechnical Engineering, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering" of Iasi, Romania, has been chosen, which is a complex shape building with the roof formed of two hyperbolic paraboloids. Seven points were placed on the ground around the building, three of them being used as GCPs, while the remaining four as Check points (CPs) for accuracy assessment. Additionally, the coordinates of 10 natural CPs representing the building characteristic points were measured with a Leica TCR 405 total station. The building 3D model was created as a point cloud which was automatically generated based on digital images acquired with the low-cost UASs, using the image matching algorithm and different software like 3DF Zephyr, Visual SfM, PhotoModeler Scanner and Drone2Map for ArcGIS. Except for the PhotoModeler Scanner software, the interior and exterior orientation parameters were determined simultaneously by solving a self-calibrating bundle adjustment. Based on the UAS point clouds, automatically generated by using the above mentioned software and GNSS data respectively, the parameters of the east side hyperbolic paraboloid were calculated using the least squares method and a statistical blunder detection. Then, in order to assess the accuracy of the building 3D model, several comparisons were made for the facades and the roof with reference data, considered with minimum errors: TLS mesh for the facades and GNSS mesh for the roof. Finally, the front facade of the building was created in 3D based on its characteristic points using the PhotoModeler Scanner

  7. Power Terminal Communication Access Network Monitoring System Scheme Based on Design Patterns

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yan, Shengchao; Wu, Desheng; Zhu, Jiang

    2018-01-01

    In order to realize patterns design for terminal communication monitoring system, this paper introduces manager-workers, tasks-workers design patterns, based on common design patterns such as factory method, chain of responsibility, facade. Using these patterns, the communication monitoring system which combines module-groups like networking communication, business data processing and the peripheral support has been designed successfully. Using these patterns makes this system have great flexibility and scalability and improves the degree of systematic pattern design structure.

  8. Cortical Dynamics of Figure-Ground Separation in Response to 2D Pictures and 3D Scenes: How V2 Combines Border Ownership, Stereoscopic Cues, and Gestalt Grouping Rules

    OpenAIRE

    Grossberg, Stephen

    2016-01-01

    The FACADE model, and its laminar cortical realization and extension in the 3D LAMINART model, have explained, simulated, and predicted many perceptual and neurobiological data about how the visual cortex carries out 3D vision and figure-ground perception, and how these cortical mechanisms enable 2D pictures to generate 3D percepts of occluding and occluded objects. In particular, these models have proposed how border ownership occurs, but have not yet explicitly explained the correlation bet...

  9. Modelling and Analysis of Daylight, Solar Heat Gains and Thermal Losses to Inform the Early Stage of the Architectural Process

    OpenAIRE

    Baker, Nicholas

    2017-01-01

    The EU building sector is a main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which need to be cut as part of the global response to anthropogenic climate change. This cut can be realised through improvements in building energy performance, such as optimisation of facade design. The early stage of the architectural process has been identified as the ideal time to implement such sustainable design choices. There is need for simple guidelines and tools to provide quantitative data to support these ...

  10. Lietaus vandens panaudojimo tyrimas ir projektavimas

    OpenAIRE

    Rybinas, Artūras

    2016-01-01

    Master's thesis is about multi-residential building, located in Kaunas, designed for collecting rainwater, wastewater disposal and water supply systems. The building has 9 floors and basement. There is a pantry, water metering unit and heating station in the basement. The aim of thesis – to investigate the most effective method of collecting rainwater, to find out how much rainwater can be collected from the roof and from the vertical facades, in accordance with existing normative documents d...

  11. Building Integrated Photovoltaics - A State-of-the-Art Review, Future Research Opportunities and Large-Scale Experimental Wind-Driven Rain Exposure Investigations

    OpenAIRE

    Breivik, Christer

    2012-01-01

    This work consists of three scientific journal articles on the subject building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), and was initiated by a student project work which consisted of a major revision and extension of an article on BIPVs (appendix A). BIPVs are photovoltaic materials that replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelopes, such as the roof covering or facades. BIPV systems may represent a powerful and versatile tool for achieving the ever increasing demand fo...

  12. Overall Performance of the Company - Means of Evaluating It and Influential Factors

    OpenAIRE

    GUNI CLAUDIA NICOLETA

    2010-01-01

    Even though it may seem easy to define and measure, the performance of a company constitutes a whole universe within which you may find various ideas and theories. Analyzed from the perspective of company management, performance represents the capacity of the company to reach its objectives. This is the reason for the multitude of facades of the company performance concept, the measuring indicators, whether financial or non-financial. As far as capital investors are concerned, a company’s per...

  13. Life cycle assessment as a tool to promote sustainable thermowood boards: a portuguese case study

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira, J.; Esteves, B.; Ribeiro Nunes, L. M.; Domingos, I.

    2015-01-01

    The aim of the present work was to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment study of thermally-modified Atlanticwood® pine boards based on real data provided by the Santos & Santos Madeiras company. Atlanticwood® pine boards have several applications, but are mainly used for exterior decking and the cladding facades of buildings. The LCA study was conducted based on the ISO 14040/44 standard and PCR “Product Category Rules for preparing an environmental product declaration for Constr...

  14. Biodegradable films made from raw and acetylated cassava starch

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio D. S. Larotonda

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available Studies were carried out to produce biodegradable films from cassava starch. Two alternatives were investigated. In the first, films were obtained by starch gelatinization followed by thermopressing and glycerol was used at different concentrations as a plasticizer. In the second, starch acetate films were obtained by solubilization of cassava starch acetate in organic solvents, followed by casting on a glass plate and drying at room temperature. The films obtained by gelatinization were transparent and resistant to traction. The starch acetate films were also transparent but breakable. The use of these starch acetate films in paper impregnation improved the mechanical properties of the paper.A reciclagem de produtos constituídos por polímeros sintéticos e sua substituição por materiais biodegradáveis estão sendo estudadas como alternativas para reduzir a poluição ambiental causada por estes materiais. Neste contexto, o amido está recebendo considerável atenção entre os recursos renováveis que podem ser usados para a fabricação de materiais para embalagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir filmes biodegradáveis a partir do amido da mandioca. Duas alternativas foram investigadas. Na primeira, os filmes foram obtidos pela gelatinização do amido seguida de termoprensagem, utilizando o glicerol em concentrações diferentes como o plastificante. A outra alternativa estudada foi a acetilação do amido de mandioca. Os filmes de acetato de amido foram obtidos pela solubilização do acetato em solventes orgânicos, seguido do espalhamento da solução em uma placa de vidro e secagem em temperatura ambiente. Os filmes obtidos pela gelatinização do amido mostraram-se transparentes e resistentes à tração. Os filmes de acetato de amido mostraram-se transparentes e quebradiços. No entanto, seu uso para a impregnação de papel melhorou as propriedades mecânicas deste último.

  15. La reforma tributaria de 2013: los problemas de la Hacienda pública y la desigualdad en México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Unda Gutiérrez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, se analiza la propuesta del Ejecutivo respecto a la reforma tributaria de 2013, lo aprobado por el Legislativo y los decretos del Ejecutivo posteriores a la aprobación en el Congreso. Se discuten los alcances de la reforma tributaria en términos del nivel de recaudación y de progresividad desde una perspectiva histórica, y se abordan algunos de los problemas del sistema tributario que quedaron pendientes. Se sugiere que una reforma de gran calado debe recaudar más a través de impuestos progresivos que disminuyan la desigualdad, debe reducir la porosidad del sistema tributario y debe hacer a la Secretaría de Hacienda una institución más transparente.

  16. Aula Virtual. Evolució del maquinari i millora de resultats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paloma Moreno Clari

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC han contribuido al desarrollo de plataformas e.learning de apoyo a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Actualmente, la mayoría de universidades cuentan con algún tipo de sistema de gestión del aprendizaje (en inglés, LMS. El óptimo uso de estas plataformas requiere que integren las aplicaciones preexistentes de forma transparente. Esto se consigue con el uso de una arquitectura robusta. En este artículo expondremos la implementación y arquitectura del LMS integrado de la Universitat de València y la evolución de su hardware para adecuarse de manera óptima a las necesidades de la universidad.

  17. Medias miradas. Un análisis cultural de la imagen femenina (Enrique Gil Calvo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª Concepción Jimeno Calderón

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available Enrique Gil Calvo nos ofrece un análisis de los signos visuales que se muestran en el escenario del anuncio publicitario como expresión de la identidad femenina. Para ello, a través de la observación de anuncios publicitarios impresos de distintas marcas de medias, como signo de distinción femenina (Medias Sely en 1933, Medias Eugenia de Montijo en 1960, Glory Complet en1964, Medias Balenciaga en 1966, Medias Helanca en 1980 estudia la repetición de los iconos y de los estereotipos utilizados, con una clara resonancia sexual (la mujer como objeto del deseo sexual masculino, como un transparente envoltorio de medias, dado el compulsivo fetichismo masculino y su dominio de la opinión pública.

  18. Hotelaria, sustentabilidade e certificação: um estudo bibliométrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaqueline Kropf Esteves de Matos

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available O clamor social por práticas empresariais éticas, transparentes e socioambientalmente responsáveis vem aumentando drasticamente. Nesse contexto, as empresas vêm buscando atender cada vez melhor às expectativas das partes interessadas, visando a alcançar a sustentabilidade em todos os seus níveis.O turismo, segmento da indústria que mais cresce no mundo, não poderia deixar de seguir esta tendência. Desta forma, este artigo visa a contribuir, a partir da identificação quantitativa das publicações que citaram os termos gestão hoteleira, turismo sustentável, NBR 15401 e certificação em sustentabilidade, para a configuração do estado da arte sobre a temática em questão.

  19. `Court-proof` operation of power plants; Der ``gerichtsfeste`` Kraftwerksbetrieb

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Adams, H.W. [Dr. Adams und Partner Unternehmensberatung GmbH, Duisburg (Germany)

    1995-09-01

    The `court-proof` organisation of a power plant is understood to mean the well-defined, i.e., documented, organisation of its operational structure and work flows. This includes transparent delegation of tasks, competences, and responsibilities to individual officers and down hierarchical lines and mutual agreements on the rules for cooperation between lines and between lines and officers. Such an organisation ensures that responsibilities to give instructions, select personnel, and/or carry out control tasks can be ascertained. (orig./DG) [Deutsch] Die `gerichtsfeste` Organisation ist die festgelegte, das heisst dokumentierte, Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation mit transparenter Delegation von Aufgaben, Kompetenz und Verantwortung in Linie und Beauftragte und Verabreden der Spielregeln des Zusammenwirkens Linie-Linie beziehungsweise Linie-Beauftragte. Sie stellt sicher, dass Anweisungs-, Auswahl- und Ueberwachungspflichten nachgewiesen werden koennen. (orig./DG)

  20. Rastros de alteridades: artes de descrever

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Maria da Silva

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available

    Resumo: O objetivo desse texto é procurar caminhos para pensar alteridades. A realidade não é transparente, as narrativas e a escrita são mediações que nos aproximam de biografias, trajetórias, da paisagem das cidades, de situações de vulnerabilidade, para acompanhar os paradoxos entre a vida individual e coletiva.

     

  1. El nuevo periodo de la Normalizacion Internacional Contable y sus implicaciones en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto Sierra González

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available La preponderancia de la vertiente financiera del capital en la actual dinámica de la globalización se viene caracterizando por una profunda desregulación de los mercados de capitales con el objeto de garantizar su libre movilidad. Para conseguir que los recursos financieros circulen se requiere de información transparente y homogénea. En tal sentido, la actual discusión internacional sobre las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad y la tendencia mundial de su incorporación, son necesarias en el contexto colombiano, a fin de discernir la conveniencia -o no- de dicha decisión, y el marco de cosas en el que, eventualmente, debería acogerse tal normativa; tales opciones son abordadas en el presente artículo.

  2. Numerical analysis of passive strategies for energy retrofit of existing buildings in Mediterranean climate: thermal mass and natural ventilation combination

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calcerano Filippo

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The study investigates the potential of coupling natural ventilation and thermal storage systems to improve hygrothermal comfort and reduce energy consumption during summer season in an existing building in the Mediterranean. It aims at bridging the knowledge gap between designers, researchers and building scientists, fostering a multidisciplinary approach and promoting numerical simulation of the energy performance of buildings within architectural professional practice. The study analyses the interaction between six natural ventilation systems (single sided ventilation through facade openings; cross ventilation through facade openings, inlet wind tower, thermal chimney, evaporative cool tower, earth pipes and with two thermal storage typology (heavy and medium-light within four strategic Italian location (Rome, Naples, Messina and Catania. For each interaction we perform a numerical dynamic simulation of indoor comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption during the summer period, on a reference building model corresponding to the most common Italian typology. Results show that the use of the chosen systems ensures significant reductions of discomfort hours and energy consumption in all configurations. The study also highlights the high efficiency of non invasive systems (single-sided and cross ventilation with automatic control present discomfort hours reduction and energy consumption reduction above 68% for all combinations and the significant influence of the daily thermal range value on the performance of systems without air pre-treatment.

  3. Zero energy office building renovation; Energieneutrale kantoorrenovatie

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Deguelle, D.; Krijnen, M. [DHV, Amersfoort (Netherlands); Heijnis, J. [cepezed, Delft (Netherlands)

    2011-04-15

    Building Brains has been set up by TNO as a cooperative and started September 21, 2009. The aim of the project was to answer the question how the energy consumption in the Netherlands can be reduced by 50% up to 2030 or how the built environment can be made energy-neutral. This issue of the magazine is dedicated to Building Brains project. Four different renovation concepts are compared: energy-neutral renovation that involves the exclusive use of sustainable generated energy;.the application of the passive construction principles; the use of Double Skin Facades; and decentralized facade-integrated installation techniques. Following the results of this study two optimized refurbishment approaches for a zero energy office are designed. [Dutch] Building Brains is een door TNO opgezet samenwerkingsproject dat op 21 september 2009 van start ging. Het doel van het project is antwoord te geven op de vraag hoe tot 2030 het energiegebruik in Nederland kan worden gehalveerd of hoe de gebouwde omgeving energieneutraal kan worden gemaakt. Deze aflevering van het tijdschrift TVVL is vrijwel geheel gewijd aan het Building Brains project. Er is onderzocht hoe verschillende renovatieconcepten scoren. Er zijn vier renovatieconcepten met elkaar vergeleken: energie neutraal renoveren door middel van duurzame energieopwekking, toepassen van het passiefhuisprincipe, toepassen van een tweedehuidfacade en toepassen van een decentrale, gevel-geintegreerde installatie. Uit de studie kwamen twee geoptimaliseerde concepten voor een energieneutrale kantoorrenovatie naar voren.

  4. Recessed and influence evolution of inside temperatures of buildings in warm moist climates; El retranqueo y su influencia en la evolucion de las temperaturas interiores de edificios en climas calidos humedos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Machado, Maria V; Quiros, Carlos; Rubio, Dalmary [Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo (Venezuela)

    2000-07-01

    The use of combined solar protections and recessed windows in buildings, evidentially reduces the heat gain towards the interior of spaces, because the greatest part of the building's heat gain is received by solar radiation that penetrates through the windows. In this investigation the influence of the dimension of recessed windows in the heat and temperature gain of interior air will be determined. In order to simulate interior conditions CODYBA software was used, applied to a model room of 9 m{sup 2} with one facade exposed to the exterior and a window 2/3 the size of the facade. [Spanish] El uso de protecciones solares y del retranqueo en las aberturas en las edificaciones evidentemente reduce la ganancia de calor hacia el interior de los espacios, ya que la mayor parte del aporte calorifico a las edificaciones lo constituye la radiacion solar que penetra a traves de las ventanas. En este trabajo se determinara la influencia que tiene la dimension del retranqueo de las ventanas en las ganancias de calor y las temperaturas del aire interior. Para simular las condiciones interiores se ha utilizado el programa de computacion CODYBA, aplicado a una habitacion de 9 m{sup 2} , con una sola fachada expuesta al exterior y una abertura igual a 2/3 del tamano de la fachada.

  5. Economic analysis of the profitability of energy-saving architectural measures for the achievement of the EPB-standard

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Audenaert, A.; De Boeck, L.; Roelants, K.

    2010-01-01

    Energy efficiency in buildings has become a key goal of any energy policy. Europe relies on the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), which has been converted by Flanders into the 'Energy Performance and Interior Climate' (EPB). Taking into account this Flemish EPB-standard (in terms of maximum U-values, E-level and K-value), this study seeks the economically most profitable combination of insulation - facade, roof, floor and glazing - for the Flemish citizen. For this purpose, a scenario-analysis is conducted using the EPB-software Flanders and a self-designed Excel file. Based on some important profitability criteria, the most profitable combination is determined for three representative types of dwellings studied. The scenario-analysis generates some well-founded guidelines for the Flemish citizen when building a house. It shows that in order to ensure the maximum profitability from investment in insulation, the key factor for the semi-detached dwelling is the insulation of roof and floor, whereas for a detached dwelling the key factor is the insulation of facade and floor. As a subsidiary consideration, the study also indicates that the U-values resulting from the more stringent E-level are still not sufficiently stringent because the U-values obtained for the most profitable combination are far below their maximum value. The same consideration applies in the case of the K-value.

  6. Final report of the drive of the TASS-tunnel; Slutrapport fraan drivningen av TASS-tunneln

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karlzen, Rickard; Johansson, Emmeli (Svensk Kaernbraenslehantering AB (Sweden))

    2010-05-15

    When building the Final repository for spent Nuclear Fuel it is of importance for Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB) to be able to show that long term safety can be obtained by the three barriers that are included in the KBS-3 final repository. The backfill refers to the material that will be installed in deposition tunnels in order to backfill them and its purpose is to maintain the multiple barrier function by keeping the buffer at place and minimize the water inflow to the tunnel. This means that it is of importance to achieve good contour with minimal dispersal of excavation damaged zone (EDZ). The hydrological properties of the backfill and the EDZ will affect the large scale hydrological conductivity of the deposition tunnels. From the end of 2007 to the end of 2008 SKB excavated an approximately 90 m long and 19 m2 cross cut tunnel named TASS at the Aespoe Hard rock laboratory. The excavation of the tunnel was made by the project 'Sealing of tunnel at great depth'. The ambition in the two subprojects that controlled the excavation of the tunnel was to excavate a tunnel in the best possible way. Earlier research and experiences in tunnel excavation has been used to place demands on performance and how it should be documented. By doing so it has been possible to ensure that the excavation of the tunnel was done in a controlled and traceable way so it can be repeatable and that it has been possible to estimate contour and minimize EDZ. The system that was developed during the excavation of the tunnel to maintain motivation, ensure traceability within the documentation and quality of performed work has worked well and are recommended to be used in future projects. The parameters that are important for the performance should be follow-up with short intervals and the feedback shall be fast and precise, which will increase the motivation at the same time as mistakes won't be systematic in the production. The administrative work with controlling documents has given continuous improvements. The knowledge of the aim for the project and the achievements of those involved have played an important role in detecting, documenting and handling of aberrations. In the purchasing of the contractor a strong emphasis were placed on the knowledge and skills of the management and workers together with the quality of equipment and machinery for tunnelling. This has given good dividends and improved the quality of work performed considerably. The contract in its entirety, including how its aim has been passed on into the practical work, gave the client the ability to control the execution and the contractor the opportunity to complete a quality-assured work without conflicts regarding compensation. This has been a major contributing factor to the good cooperation. When the client takes a more distinct performance responsibility, the role of the entire organization is changing. Among other things are the demands increasing on the availability in quickly maintaining the communication between the client and the contactor in the field and that all understand and accept the client's intentions in the instructions given. The work to achieve a good tunnel contour has been very successful and the contour encounters the controlling requirements of the production line of the backfilling method. The average over break in the tunnel was approximately 16% with small amounts of under break. The area variations of the tunnel shows that the tunnel area never reaches the theoretical area and the largest area is reached approximately 0,7 m before the border of the next round. The introduction of electronic detonators improved the tunnel contour and increased the proportion of visible drill holes. The average amount of visible drill holes identified in the tunnel contour was 78%. With the drilling pattern that were used and the introduction of electronic detonators it has been possible to use contour explosives in the tunnel floor, with good result of visible drill holes. The introduction of electronic detonators also took care of the problem of cut-off holes, which pretty much disappeared and re-blasting was minimized. The EDZ was evaluated in /Olsson et al. 2009/ and shows that no continuous EDZ was found. The performed drilling has been evaluated by looking at the drilling accuracy and precision. Geodetic surveying was performed of the collaring of 15-20 evenly distributed drill holes in the contour; all the drill holes in the floor and a varying amount of helpers and stope holes in each round. Afterwards the endpoints were calculated. The resulting data has then been evaluated and even compared with obtained data of the location of collaring and endpoints from the jumbo

  7. Catalytic reduction of NO{sub x}. Final report; Katalytisk Reduktion av NO{sub x}. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Khodayari, Raziyeh; Odenbrand, Ingemar [Lund Univ. (Sweden). Chemical Engineering II

    2002-02-01

    This report is intended to show the work regarding the SCR technique performed at Chemical Engineering II, Lund Inst. of Tech. since the start in 1982. The emphasis is on work performed the last 7 years which deals with deactivation and regeneration of SCR catalysts. In chapter 1 a short general introduction to the SCR technique is given. Chapter 2 describes the work performed up to 1995. It shows the kinetics for the reaction between NO and NH{sub 3}, reactions between NO{sub 2} and NH{sub 3} as well as patents for a new process for cleaning flue gases based on our research results. Later work on using zeolites as catalysts for the reduction and for the oxidation of NO was presented. Then a series of characterisations were performed on model catalysts consisting of 2-30 wt.% V{sub 2}O{sub 5} on a coprecipitated silica-titania support. The formation of nitrous oxide was studied and found to be noticeable when water is not present in the gas and on a catalyst which contains large amounts of crystallites of V{sub 2}O{sub 5}. Chapter 3 deals with international research in the area of deactivation of SCR catalysts in i.e. biofuelled applications. Material from a literature search from December 2001 is presented. It contains general material on the deactivation with alkali metals and SO{sub 2}. Chapter 4 deals with our studies of deactivated SCR catalysts. During 1995-2001 we have studied the deactivation of catalysts in a number of Swedish plants. The sensitivity of zeolites to poisoning in waste combustion (GRAAB) was tested by artificial poisoning with 2 wt.% metal of the elements; Na, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Ni and Cr. The combustion of waste at SYSAV gave high contents of Na, Y, Ca, Pb and Zn on the catalyst after 2000 hours on stream. Activity measurements showed that low concentrations of ammonium sulphate, 1-5 vol.%, promotes the SCR reaction. A maximal activity is obtained at around 5 vol.%. There exists an optimal content of ammonium sulphate on the catalyst and this is reached during operation at above 350 deg C as a consequence of the volatility of the salt. Zinc chloride is suspected to be a poison when burning domestic waste and high contents have been measured in samples from SYSAV. Activity measurements showed that the deactivation was severe even at low concentrations. A complete deactivation was not reached even at 4 wt.% Zn. The zinc chloride seems to block the pores by capillary condensation. The main effect on activity is chemical though. A simulated poisoning by lead was performed through impregnation with Pb(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}. A similar appearance as for ZnCl{sub 2} was seen. An almost linear correlation between chemisorbed ammonia and the lead content was obtained. The deactivation of a catalysts used on a diesel power station in Oskarshamn has been followed from 1993 to 1997. The activities on samples taken from the outlet of every monolith layer show an expected decay of activity by around 50 % after 5 years on stream. In all there is a good correlation between the total amount of alkali metals and the catalyst activity. The SCR catalyst of Handeloeverket in Norrkoeping was studied and found to deactivate rapidly in a relatively short time. 2 wt.% K was found on the catalyst surface and explains the rapid deactivation. The following tendencies were found, 1) a correlation between the amounts of K, Na and Ca and the decrease in activity, 2) a correlation between the amounts of K, Na and Ca and the amount of S and 3) a correlation between catalytic activity and the BET surface area. In a Vaermeforsk project the deactivation of SCR catalysts in biomass fuelled power stations was studied. Chapter 5 treats the modeling of deactivation by computer programs. We developed a computer program with which it is possible to predict the influence of the deactivation on reactors on stream. Chapter 7 is dealing with the regeneration of catalysts used in biofuelled applications. Washing was performed on special catalysts for bio applications as well as on conventional catalyst by water and sulphuric acid. A catalyst produced for biofuelled applications was studied regarding the stability of its sulphate groups. Treatment with SCR reactants after regeneration lowered its activity only slightly for all washing solutions. Long time tests are necessary to ascertain the effects at times above 200 hours.

  8. Proposal for an multi-sectoral biogas strategy. Final report; Foerslag till en sektorsoevergripande biogasstrategi. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    2010-07-01

    Compared with other forms of energy, biogas from anaerobic digestion of waste has a special value. No other form of bioenergy can close the natural cycle and thus provide the same unique environmental benefits of nutrient recycling and climate change mitigation. All ways to produce biogas do not create the same environmental benefits. Biogas Production, which involves collecting methane produced in manure piles, waste water treatment plants or landfill gives a large climate benefit. From other facilities - but also in connection with the distribution of methane - there can be a problem in climate respects from leakages. A recycling-oriented waste management is the most competitive form for biogas production. Several of the most attractive substrates are already utilized. An important task is therefore to exploit smaller assets of these substrates, and raise the efficiency of existing biogas production. In order to encourage greater use of less viable substrates, specific measures to increase the biogas production from manure are suggested. For other substrates, mainly crops for biogas production from agricultural sources, the conditions are less favorable. Crops for biogas production can, in general, be a efficient use of land but does not justifies further economic support. In a multi sectoral approach is important to consider and highlight biogas- specific environmental benefits and the complex of issues linked to the cycle of plant nutrients. There are additional opportunities to produce biogas from waste and sludge and to increase the yield from existing landfills. - Anaerobic digestion of manure provides great climate and environmental benefits that justify an economic assistance to improve private profitability. - It is more important to stimulate production than demand. - For larger plants for biogas production, upgrading to automotive fuel is given priority over other uses, where upgrading is economically justified. - Biogas makes the greatest environmental benefit when used in heavy traffic in urban areas. It is particularly suitable for bus fleets in inner city traffic, which has an even and high demand for fuel and where the alternative is diesel and where health effects of particulate matter reduction is greatest. - The volumes of biogas in the near future are too small to justify large-scale investments in gas pipelines and distribution systems. - The collection of household waste should be developed to strengthen biogas development. In municipalities where food waste collected for composting there are reasons to switch to anaerobic digestion. - The goal of 35% biological treatment of waste has been important for that municipalities should prioritize digestion to incineration. - It is important that knowledge about different digestion processes, optimization of digestate processes and nutrient value of digestates are developed and brought out to biogas producers, farmers and others

  9. Operation of the Hoenoe wind power test station. Final report; Drift av Hoenoe provstation. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ellsen, Magnus; Carlson, Ola [Chalmers Univ. of Tech., Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Electric Power Engineering

    2002-04-01

    This project has made it possible to have autonomous operation of the Chalmers experimental wind turbine. By development of the optimal speed and stall control the energy production is good. The test station has been put in good order and is well prepared to been shown to visitors. The proposed research will focus on series capacitors for increasing the power output and better control of the damping valves to reduce vibrations.

  10. Final report for EDI energy conservation with diode light; Slutrapport for EDI energibesparelser med diodelys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2006-07-01

    The aim of this project has been to develop technological knowledge and a competence platform for utilization of new light emitting diode technology for general lighting purposes. Furthermore the project has aimed at developing a 3 W light diode bulb to replace 15-20 W filament bulbs and halogen spotlights, and thereby demonstrating a large energy conservation potential in the use of LED technology for lighting purposes. (BA)

  11. APRI - Accident Phenomena of Risk Importance. Final Report; APRI - Accident Phenomena of Risk Importance. Slutrapport

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Frid, W. [Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, Stockholm (Sweden); Hammar, L.; Soederman, E. [ES-konsult, Stockholm (Sweden)

    1996-12-01

    The APRI-project started in 1992 with participation of the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI) and the Swedish utilities. The Finnish utility TVO joined the project in 1993. The aim of the project has been to work with phenomenological questions in severe accidents, concentrating on the risk-dominating issues. The work is reported in separate sub-project reports, the present is the final report of the methodological studies as well as a final report for the total project. The research has led to clarifications of the risk complex, and ameliorated the basis for advanced probabilistic safety analyses, specially for the emission risks (PSA level 2) which are being studied at the Swedish plants. A new method has been tried for analysis of complicated accident courses, giving a possibility for systematic evaluation of the impact of different important phenomena (e.g. melt-through, high pressure melt-through with direct heating of the containment atmosphere, steam explosions). In this method, the phenomena are looked upon as top events of a `phenomena-tree`, illustrating how various conditions must be met before the top-event can happen. This method has been useful, in particular for applying `expert estimates`. 47 refs.

  12. Experimental Analysis and Model Validation of an Opaque Ventilated Facade

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    López, F. Peci; Jensen, Rasmus Lund; Heiselberg, Per

    2012-01-01

    Natural ventilation is a convenient way of reducing energy consumption in buildings. In this study an experimental module of an opaque ventilated façade (OVF) was built and tested for assessing its potential of supplying free ventilation and air preheating for the building. A numerical model was ...

  13. Empirical Validation of Building Simulation Software : Modeling of Double Facades

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kalyanova, Olena; Heiselberg, Per

    The work described in this report is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Task 34/43: Testing and validation of building energy simulation tools experts group.......The work described in this report is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Task 34/43: Testing and validation of building energy simulation tools experts group....

  14. Monitoring of integrated photovoltaic facade for Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cross, B. [Energy Equipment Testing Service Limited (United Kingdom)

    2002-07-01

    This report summarises the results of a project monitoring the output of a photovoltaic system installed in a residential tower block which was undergoing refurbishment using best practice energy efficiency methods. The incorporation of the information obtained in the borough's schools programme is discussed. Details are given of the technical problems experienced in relation to the string cables and the inverters, and also contractual issues. The direct and indirect benefits of the photovoltaic system are highlighted.

  15. Dynamic facades, the smart way of meeting the energy requirements

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Johnsen, Kjeld; Winther, Frederik Vilbrad

    2015-01-01

    The paper describes an innovative dynamic façade system, developed in cooperation between two industrial companies, the Danish Building Research Institute and Aalborg University, Den¬mark. The system, named Energy Frames, is a newly developed industrially produced façade system based on the exper...... climate conditions. The dynamic façades play an important role in this development as it optimizes the interaction with the external environment in close correlation with the demand from the building and the users.......The paper describes an innovative dynamic façade system, developed in cooperation between two industrial companies, the Danish Building Research Institute and Aalborg University, Den¬mark. The system, named Energy Frames, is a newly developed industrially produced façade system based...

  16. Study and constructive analysis of an office building

    OpenAIRE

    CORT AZCÁRRAGA, PAULA

    2015-01-01

    [EN] The development is based on the study and analysis of an office building located in Drongsesteenweg, Gent 9000. The building has 4 levels and basement. The structure is with prefabricated concrete, a very typical way to build in Belgium, only the basement was built in situ. Typology floor is hollow core slab, it is a prefabricated unidirectional floor. Stairs are prefabricated too, executed by a company specialized in this type works. To the facade they use two types of bricks, ceramic a...

  17. Interaktiv 3D design

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Villaume, René Domine; Ørstrup, Finn Rude

    2002-01-01

    Projektet undersøger potentialet for interaktiv 3D design via Internettet. Arkitekt Jørn Utzons projekt til Espansiva blev udviklet som et byggesystem med det mål, at kunne skabe mangfoldige planmuligheder og mangfoldige facade- og rumudformninger. Systemets bygningskomponenter er digitaliseret som...... 3D elementer og gjort tilgængelige. Via Internettet er det nu muligt at sammenstille og afprøve en uendelig  række bygningstyper som  systemet blev tænkt og udviklet til....

  18. Floor cooling. Extreme cooling efficiency due to vapour barrier? Optimized floor heating and cooling system; Flaechenkuehlung. Extreme Kuehlleistung dank Dampfsperre. Optimiertes Fussbodenheiz- und Kuehlsystem

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Werner, Rolf [Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm (Germany). Technisches Marketing Haustechnik

    2010-07-01

    The active cooling of offices generally is accepted ever more. Among other things this is due to the fact that the climatic change results in a hotter summer on a long-term basis also in Germany. Also the use of computers, printing and copying machines increases the thermal load of the rooms considerably. The architecturally affected facade design with large glass areas also has an impact. The thermal comfort maintains the efficiency in offices. Thus, the efficient space cooling has become standard.

  19. Comparative Test Case Specification

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kalyanova, Olena; Heiselberg, Per

    This document includes the specification on the IEA task of evaluation building energy simulation computer programs for the Double Skin Facades (DSF) constructions. There are two approaches involved into this procedure, one is the comparative approach and another is the empirical one. In the comp....... In the comparative approach the outcomes of different software tools are compared, while in the empirical approach the modelling results are compared with the results of experimental test cases. The comparative test cases include: ventilation, shading and geometry....

  20. 30 years after

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Unterrainer, Walter

    2016-01-01

    different housing sizes. A set of specified facade-elements provided individuality and adaptability. The smaller houses could 'grow' over time, reusing these elements in a new assemblage - an early life cycle approach. 'Ecological buildings' of the 80's had a stronger focus on 'natural' materials......The study investigates an autonomous housing project for eleven families in Feldkirch/Austria. This project combines a radical mix of societal alternative, typological innovation and tectonic efforts. The dwelling addressed four key design objectives: 'radically cost efficiency', 'ecological...