Mejoras tecnológica para las producciones más limpias de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum l. en tecnología de cultivo protegido

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Yoandris Socarrás

2018-04-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar mejoras tecnológicas para la producción más limpias de tomate en tecnología protegidos. Se evaluaron tres variantes (0,1 y 2 tecnológicas de producción de tomate y se tuvieron en cuenta todas las materias primas utilizadas en la producción de tomate, desde la fase de semillero del cultivo hasta la cosecha, en una casa de cultivo protegido modelo tropical con 900m2 en la Empresa Cítrico Arimao en el municipio Cumanayagua, provincia Cienfuegos. Se utilizó la metodología del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV, se empleó el método CML, con el software Sima Pro 7.1. Como resultado se obtuvo que la variante dos es la mejor de todas reduciendo el impacto ambiental en un 7,33 %.En el análisis por categorías la de mayor contribución al impacto ambiental es la ecotoxicidad en ecosistemas acuáticos, la sustancia que más influencia tuvo es el fluoruro de hidrógeno con valores 12101.13 kg. En la categoría agotamiento de los recursos abióticos el petróleo y gas natural fueron los compuestos orgánicos que mayor contribución tuvieron. El óxido de azufre es la sustancia de mayor contribución en la categoría acidificación. En la categoría calentamiento global la sustancia que mayor contribución tuvo al medio ambiente es el dióxido de carbono alcanzado un valor total de 272.56 kg. Desde el punto de vista económico financiero la variante dos es la más rentable de todas. Palabras clave: Análisis de Ciclo de Vida, tecnología protegida, cultivo tomate.

Aproximación proteómica al estudio de la respuesta diferencial del metabolismo energético al estrés por bajas temperaturas en tomate y pimiento

OpenAIRE

Sánchez-Bel, Paloma; Egea, Isabel; Sánchez Ballesta, M. Teresa; Sevillano, Laura; Martínez Madrid, María Concepción; Romojaro Almela, Félix Ramón; Bolarín, María C.; Flores, Francisco B.

2012-01-01

Tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y pimiento (Capsicum annuum), son dos especies hortofrutícolas pertenecientes a la familia Solanaceae susceptibles a sufrir daños por frío cuando se almacenan a bajas temperaturas, lo que afecta seriamente a la calidad de los frutos, siendo causa de importantes pérdidas económicas en el sector agro-alimentario. Una de las principales respuestas celulares al estrés por bajas temperaturas consiste en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis osmótica por la acumulación de...

Bactérias extremófilas facultativas : efeito na promoção de crescimento de plantas de tomate e na supressão de Ralstonia solanacearum

OpenAIRE

Rezende, Adriana Magali de Freitas Alves

2011-01-01

O tomateiro comum (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma olerícola de grande importância econômica e social, se destacando no Brasil, pelas extensas áreas agrícolas cultivadas. O Brasil é o sexto maior produtor de tomate no mundo. No entanto, a murcha bacteriana, causada pela bactéria Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi está entre as doenças de maior importância e de difícil controle, não existindo ainda medidas adequadas que possam ser recomendadas. Com objetivo de determinar um controle biológ...

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN CaCO3 DAN WAKTU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN C PADA PROSES PENGHAMBATAN PEMATANGAN BUAH TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill

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Rudi Kartika

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research is to know the influence of CaCO3 addition and storage duration to vitamine C concentrate in ripe obstruction process of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Calcium carbonate(CaCO3 which is added 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 percent of weight and storage duration were 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 and 12 days. Vitamine C was determined by using iodometric titration method. The data obtained were then analized by ANOVA test and LSD test. The result showed that CaCO3 addition could influence vitamine C concentrate in ripe obstruction process of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill on standard 5% and 1% with  Ftest > Ftabel (5% and 1% or F(7.6667 > F(2.50 and 3.60 and storage duration could influence vitamine C concentrate in ripe obstruction process of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill on standard 5% and 1% with Ftest > Ftabel (5% and 1% or F(1204.2222 > F(2.32 and 3.07. Based on the result LSD test on significant standard 5% (0.0143 and 1% (0.0190, optimum vitamine C concentrate were 0.8589 mg/10 g on 0.2% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 addition and 10 days of storage duration. Keywords : ANOVA, CaCO3, LSD, tomato, vitamine C, storage duration

2692-IJBCS-Article-Dr Serigne Modou Sarr

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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enroulement des feuilles de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) appelé Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). L'objectif de ce travail était d'identifier les différentes espèces d'aleurodes présentes dans les cultures de tomate de la zone des.

Influencia del nitrógeno en la producción del tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum L sembrado en sustrato en Sutamarchán (Boyacá

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Leidy Natalia Cuadrado-García

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El nitrógeno es necesario para las plantas, pero debido a la ineficacia de estas para absorberlo, tan solo un bajo porcentaje es asimilado, y el restante es liberado al ambiente. El trabajo que aquí se presenta se enfocó en determinar la dinámica del nitrógeno en la producción de tomate hidropónico con sistema de drenaje abierto y bajo condiciones de invernadero en la finca Hortifresh S.A., ubicada en el municipio de Sutamarchán (Boyacá. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se realizaron semanalmente muestreos de la solución nutritiva, del sustrato utilizado, del agua de drenaje y del material vegetal (tallo, hojas y frutos, con el fin de determinar la concentración de nitrógeno aprovechable por la planta en el cultivo de tomate hidropónico. Los contenidos de N aplicados a la planta, expresados en relación con la acumulación total, fueron de 37,93 g, que equivalen al 100% del N aplicado. Del N total aplicado, el 0,6% (0,22051 g es drenado, el 36% (13,665 g es absorbido por la planta y el restante 63,4% (24,049 g se acumula en el sustrato. Que solo el 36% del N aplicado sea asimilado por la planta, según la investigación, indica que se debe reducir la aplicación de fertilizantes nitrogenados y hacer uso racional del suministro de nutrientes que el cultivo de tomate necesita, con el propósito de reducir el impacto ambiental y optimizar el aprovechamiento de los recursos; en este sentido, la investigación sobre el mejor manejo de la fertirrigación en sistemas hidropónicos con recirculación contribuirá a un desarrollo más sostenible de estos.

Desarrollo de una metodología de infestación artificial de plantas de tomate con el pasador del fruto

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Nelson Enrique Casas Leal

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se confinaron en jaulas (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m dos plantas de tomate (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla, podadas a dos tallos, con hembras de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (una, dos, cuatro y seis adultos, y el testigo. Los tratamientos se repitieron cuatro veces. Se evaluaron por planta las variables frutos afectados por pasador (% y número promedio de orificios de entrada del pasador por fruto. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos solo para la variable frutos afectados por pasador (%. Con la introducción de una hembra en el interior de la jaula se incrementaron en 5.29% los frutos afectados. Para obtener pérdida de frutos similar a la que se presenta en lotes comerciales muy susceptibles (50-60% se requirió la introducción de seis hembras en la jaula.

Farelo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais = Tomato meal (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. in the diet of laying hens

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Riviana Roberta de Souza Loureiro

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de tomate (FT sobre o desempenho zootécnico e características dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas em gaiolas 200 aves da linhagem Dekalb White, com 30 semanas de idade, durante três períodos de 21 dias cada um. O delineamento experimental foi ointeiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e inclusões de 5, 10, 15 e 20% do (FT. Para o consumo de ração, houve aumento à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão do farelo. Para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, percentagem de postura e massa de ovos produzida, 5% foi o nível de inclusão que proporcionou os melhores resultados. O FT provocou diminuição linear no peso e percentagem de gema, no entanto, até 15% de inclusão, obtiveram-se gemas mais pesadas quando comparadas com as da ração-referência. O farelo de tomate pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas rações para poedeiras comerciais. O nível recomendado seria de até 5% de inclusão, para melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. Utilizando-se até15%, não houve interferência no rendimento das partes dos ovos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of tomato meal (TM on performance and egg quality. Two hundred Dekalb White birds, 30 weeks old, were allocated in cages during three periods of 21 days each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five repetitions of eight birds each. The treatments were: a control diet, and four diets with different inclusion levels of TM (5, 10, 15 and 20%. The birds’ feed consumption increased as the inclusion level of tomato meal in the diet was raised. For egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per mass and dozen of eggs, the level of 5% was the best. TM

Keanekaragaman, aktivitas kunjungan, dan keefektifan lebah penyerbuk pada tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L: Solanaceae

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Andi Gita Maulidyah Indraswari

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. is a hermaphrodite plant and capable of auto pollination. However it still need pollinators to maximize pollination success. This research was aimed to determine the diversity, foraging activity of pollinator bees and its effectiveness on seeds and fruits formation of tomato. Scan sampling method was used to determine the diversity of pollinators and focal sampling method was used to observe visiting behavior of the bees. We conducted two experiments i.e., screen caged plants and open plants to compare the effect of the bee pollinators on fruits and seeds set formation. Results showed that eleven species of bees were found, i.e., Megachile conjuncta Smith, Megachile fulfifrons Smith, Megachile unbripennis Smith, Xylocopa confusa Latreille, Xylocopa latipes Drury, Xylocopa caerulea Fabricius, Ceratina cognata Latreille, Nomia quadridentata Bingham, Amegilla cyrtandrae Lieftinck, Amegilla burneensis Friese, and Apis cerana Fabricius. Three species of bees were dominant, i.e., X. confusa, A. cyrtandrae, and C. cognata. Bee, X. confusa visited more flowers per minute, followed by A. cyrtandrae and C. cognata. The longest species visiting in plants were C. cognata, followed by X. confusa and A. cyrtandrae. Bee pollinators increase 8.92% of fruiting, 43% of fruit size, 189% of number of seeds per fruit, and 355% of weight of seeds of tomato plants.

Cloruro/aniones y sodio/cationes en soluciones nutritivas y composición mineral de cultivares de tomate

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Saúl Parra Terraza

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Problemas de sanidad en suelos del valle de Culiacán ha ocasionado que la siembra de tomate se realice en suelos cercanos a la costa, donde el agua de riego es de menor calidad, por contener concentraciones de cloro (Cl y sodio (Na con riesgo de toxicidad para las plantas o de interactuar con los nutrimentos de la solución nutritiva (SN, reduciendo su disponibilidad. Esta investigación evaluó en invernadero los efectos de relaciones Cl-/aniones y Na+/cationes en la SN sobre las concentraciones de Na, K, Ca y Mg en hojas y tallos de dos cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. cvs. Polaris e ISIS. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 32, con cuatro repeticiones. Los factores fueron: 1 relación Cl-/aniones (25, 50 y 75/100, y 2 relación Na+/cationes (25, 50 y 75/100. Se realizó un análisis de varianza y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05. En hojas del cultivar ISIS, la combinación 75/100 Na+/cationes y 25/100 Cl-/aniones aumentó la concentración de Na, mientras que las combinaciones 75/100 Na+/cationes con 25, 50 y 75/100 Cl-/aniones redujeron la concentración de K. La relación 75/100 Cl-/aniones en la SN redujo las concentraciones de Na, K, Ca y Mg en hojas del cultivar Polaris, y de Na, Ca y Mg en tallos de cultivar ISIS. La relación 75/100 Na+/cationes en la SN incrementó las concentraciones de Na en hojas y tallos de cultivar Polaris y disminuyó las concentraciones de Ca y Mg en hojas de cultivar ISIS. Los resultados de este estudio indican que una proporción de 75% de Cl- en la SN, respecto al total de aniones, y una proporción de 50-75% de Na+, respecto al total de cationes, afectan las concentraciones nutrimentales en hojas y tallos de tomate de cultivares Polaris e ISIS.

Modelamiento de la cinética de desinfección superficial de tomates (Lycopersicum esculentum frescos usando soluciones de cloro

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Miguel Ángel Solano Cornejo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Tomates frescos variedad italiana fueron sometidos a procesos de desinfección superficial utilizando soluciones de h ipoclorito de c alcio para determinar su eficiencia germicida y la cinética que gobierna el proceso de inactivación superficial en gérmenes a erobios mesófilos, levaduras y mohos. El cloro como desinfectante superficial fue eficaz contra bacterias aerobias mesófilas, levaduras y mohos en ese orden, la resistencia de los gérmenes aerobios mesófilos, de las levaduras y de los mohos expresados en s us valores z cloro fue de 455, 500 y 625 ppm respectivamente. Los gérmenes aerobios mesófilos presentes en la superficie del tomate muestran una mayor resistencia a la desinfección por c loro conforme el tiempo de contacto germen - cáscara es mayor, debido a u na mayor adherencia a la cáscara lo que dificulta la acción de c loro sobre los gérmenes; esté efecto no se presentó en el caso de l evaduras ni de m ohos . Los valores D cloro 20ºC experimentales y los valores D cloro 20ºC predichos por el P rimer M odelo de Bige low se ajustaron con una correlación de entre 0 , 91 y 0 , 99. Los valores z cloro experimentales y los v alores z cloro predichos por el S egundo Modelo de Bigelow se ajustaron con una correlación de 0 , 72 a 0 , 86. La variabilidad en los valores z cloro se debió a que los gérmenes analizados para validar el m odelo propuesto estuvieron compuestos por diversos géneros. Así , el Método de Bigelow aplicado a la cinética de inactivación superficial con c loro fue validado.

Plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. provenientes de semillas embebidas en diferentes soluciones de giberelinas (GA₃

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Balaguera-López Helber Enrique

2009-04-01

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La obtención de plántulas de tomate vigorosas y en menor tiempo para el trasplante se ha convertido en un factor clave a la hora de iniciar la producción. Con el fin de disminuir el efecto postrasplante e impulsar el desarrollo vegetativo de las plántulas, se sometieron semillas del híbrido larga vida Daniela a imbibición (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 y 36 horas en tres concentraciones de ácido giberélico (300, 600 y 900 mg L^-1 y se sembraron en bandejas. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, 18 tratamientos más un testigo con cuatro repeticiones durante cuatro semanas, primera fase. Luego en segunda fase, se trasplantaron cuatro plantas al azar por tratamiento en bolsas de polietileno, y cuatro semanas después se evaluaron. El tratamiento de 36 horas de imbibición y 300 mg L^-1 de GA₃ mostró diferencias estadísticas en la primera fase para el área foliar, masa fresca de hojas, tallo y raíces y longitud de raíces, y en la segunda fase en la masa seca de hojas, tallo y raíz y en el área foliar. Semillas de tomate embebidas en 300 mg L^-1 de GA₃ generan plántulas con mayor vigor.

Padrão de identidade e qualidade do tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. de mesa

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Ferreira Sila Mary Rodrigues

2004-01-01

Full Text Available O valor comercial do tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., é definido pelas características de identidade e qualidade presentes no fruto que podem ser avaliadas pela classificação do produto. A presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo descrever o padrão de identidade e qualidade do tomate de mesa, através da classificação. O tomate de mesa é classificado em grupos, subgrupos, classes e tipos. De acordo com o formato do fruto, o tomate é classificado em dois grupos: oblongo, quando o diâmetro longitudinal é maior que o transversal e redondo, quando o diâmetro longitudinal é menor ou igual ao transversal. Em função do estádio de maturação, o tomate é classificado em cinco subgrupos: verde maduro, pintado, rosado, vermelho e vermelho maduro. A classe é definida em função do maior diâmetro transversal do fruto em relação ao grupo a que pertença. O tomate oblongo é classificado em três classes: grande, médio e pequeno. O tomate redondo é classificado em quatro classes: gigante, grande, médio e pequeno. De acordo com os índices de ocorrência de defeitos graves e leves presentes nos frutos, o tomate é classificado também em tipo: extra, especial ou selecionado e comercial. São considerados defeitos graves: podridão, passado, queimado, dano por geada, podridão apical, e defeitos leves: dano, mancha, ocado, deformado e imaturo. A amostra de tomate que ultrapasse os índices de defeitos previstos pela legislação do Ministério da Agricultura é classificada como fora do padrão.

Aspectos microbiológicos e informação nutricional de molho de tomate orgânico oriundo da agricultura familiar Microbiological aspects and nutritional information of organic tomato sauce from family farming

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Jair Martins Maria Cavalcante Melo

2012-05-01

Full Text Available O sistema de produção orgânico vem crescendo, tanto em área cultivada como em número de produtores e mercado consumidor. Contudo, informações técnico-científicas sobre estes alimentos in natura e processados ainda são incipientes. O tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. desempenha um importante papel para os produtores orgânicos de todo o mundo, em função do retorno financeiro e da grande demanda. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi elaborar um molho de tomate orgânico, aproveitando os saberes dos agricultores, bem como avaliar sua qualidade microbiológica e determinar sua informação nutricional. O molho estudado apresentou 93,45% de umidade, 0,89% de proteínas, 0,13% de lipídeos, 1,50% de cinzas e 4,03% de carboidratos totais. Quanto aos aspectos microbiológicos, o molho apresentou condição sanitária satisfatória, de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA, e valor calórico menor do que os molhos comerciais disponíveis no mercado. Os produtos processados foram rotulados e vendidos nas feiras agroecológicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, agregando valor ao tomate e gerando renda aos agricultores familiares.The organic production systems have been raising on cultivated area, producers number and market. However, technical and scientific information about raw and processed material undergoing to organic production system is scarce. Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. plays an important role for organic producers around the world due to its high profits and market acceptance. The aim of this study was to prepare an organic tomato sauce made from the knowledge of familiar farmers and to assess its microbiological quality and nutritional information. The studied product presented 93.45% of moisture, 0.89% of protein, 0.13% of lipids, 1.5% of ash and 4.03% of total carbohydrates contents. The products showed a satisfactory sanitary condition according to ANVISA and

DETERMINACIÓN DEL COLOR EN EPICARPIO DE TOMATES (LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM MILL. CON SISTEMA DE VISIÓN COMPUTARIZADA DURANTE LA MADURACIÓN

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Carlos Alberto Padrón Pereira

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la evolución del color de muestras de tomates durante la maduración a temperatura ambiente y otras en refrigeración, mediante Sistema de Visión Computarizada (SVC. El SVC lo constituye un escenario iluminado, una cámara digital CCD y un computador (Laptop ambos calibrados. El procesamiento digital de las imágenes se llevó a cabo con el software Adobe® Photoshop® CS3 Extended, con los cuales generaron imágenes promediadas en coordenadas L*, a* y b*. La relación a*/b* y las coordenadas polares c* y hº, que presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las muestras determinadas (p<0,05.

MUTU BAKTERIOLOGIS SAUS TOMAT PENTOL DI BANJARBARU

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Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The food was used as a complementary flavor sauces include snacks bulb. Dressing materials according to SNI 01-7388-2009 must comply with the requirements of the parameter Staphylococcus aureus, MPN (Most probable number Coliform, TPC (total plate count and molds. This study aims to determine the percentage of tomato sauce snacks bulb in the area around the intersection of four Banjarbaru who do not qualify SNI 01-7388-2009 of parameters MPN Coliform and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed MPN Coliform tomato sauce ranges from 0-240 and Staphylococcus aureus 5 x 101 to 6.5 x 103. Concluded percentage tomato sauce snacks bulb that does not qualify SNI 01-7388-2009 parameter is 60% MPN Coliform and Staphylococcus aureus 80%. Suggestions to determine the value of TPC (total plate count and molds and other chemical parameters of tomato sauce. Abstrak: Makanan yang menggunakan saus sebagai pelengkap rasa diantaranya adalah jajanan pentol. Bahan saus menurut SNI 01-7388-2009 harus sesuai dengan persyaratan dengan parameter Staphylococcus aureus, APM (Angka Paling Mungkin Coliform, ALT (angka lempeng total dan kapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui presentase saus tomat jajanan pentol di sekitar wilayah simpang empat Banjarbaru yang tidak memenuhi syarat SNI 01-7388-2009 dari parameter APM Coliform dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan APM Coliform saus tomat berkisar antara 0-240 dan Staphylococcus aureus 5 x 101 - 6,5 x 103. Disimpulkan prosentase saus tomat jajanan pentol yang tidak memenuhi syarat SNI 01-7388-2009 dengan parameter APM Coliform adalah 60% dan Staphylococcus aureus 80%. Saran untuk mengetahui nilai ALT (Angka Lempeng Total dan kapang serta parameter kimiawi lainnya dari saus tomat.

Efecto del déficit de agua en el trasplante de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.

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Balaguera Helber Enrique

2008-08-01

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La inducción de la mayor cantidad de raíces en plántulas de tomate es fundamental en la etapa postrasplante, ya que de éstas depende la adecuada absorción de agua y nutrientes para su posterior desarrollo. El estrés hídrico puede generar un crecimiento radicular, ya que la raíz debe buscar agua. Con el fin de lograr este crecimiento, se sometieron plántulas de tomate a un déficit hídrico. El diseño fue completamente al azar con 10 tratamientos y 5 repeticiones; los tratamientos consistieron en la aplicación de 10 láminas de riego (0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6; 1,8 y 2,0 de la evaporación medida en un tanque evaporímetro instalado dentro del invernadero durante los 5 días previos al trasplante. Se trasplantaron 40 d después de la siembra y se evaluaron un mes después. No se presentaron diferencias significativas en el peso seco de hojas, tallos y raíces. Las diferentes láminas de agua no afectaron el peso fresco de hojas y tallos, el área foliar, la distribución de fitomasa seca, la relación raíz/parte aérea ni la altura final de las plantas. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la longitud y en el peso fresco de la raíz; en ambos casos el mejor tratamiento fue el coeficiente 1,6 de la evaporación. La lámina con menor respuesta fue la de 0,2. Una lámina de riego de 1,6 de la evaporación genera plántulas con sistemas radiculares adecuados.

AISLADOS BACTERIANOS CON POTENCIAL BIOFERTILIZANTE PARA PLÁNTULAS DE TOMATE

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José Noh Medina

2014-10-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se aislaron rizobacterias en diversos medios de cultivo y se resembraron en medios selectivos para estudiar su capacidad de solubilización de fosfato y de producción de ácido indolacético (AIA, con el fin de probarlas como promotoras del crecimiento vegetal en plántulas de tomate. Se obtuvieron 83 aislados bacterianos del rizoplano de plantas de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq., maíz (Zea mays y calabaza (Cucurbita pepo, de los cuales 15 sintetizaron AIA con un rango de concentración de 0.17 a 12.51 µg L-1 y 33 solubilizaron fosfato inorgánico. El uso de los aislados KCH3 y TSACH2 inoculados a las semillas de tomate, y que solubilizaron fosfato in vitro, incrementaron significativamente la biomasa de la parte aérea de las plántulas de tomate (42 y 32% respectivamente, permitiendo obtener plántulas más vigorosas que las plántulas sin inoculación de rizobacterias. Ambos aislados mostraron potencial para ser utilizados como biofertilizantes en la producción de plántulas de tomate.

La performance economique de la filiere tomate industrielle en Algerie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dans ce papier, on rend compte de l'évolution de la filière "tomates industrielles" en Algérie. On y montre d'abord que la production de tomates industrielles, depuis 1970, a connu un taux de croissance significatif, dépassant largement le taux de croissance démographique. Le taux a cependant été négatif en moyenne au ...

UNIDADE MÓVEL PARA O BENEFICIAMENTO DE TOMATE/ITINERANT UNITY FOR TOMATOES HANDLING PROCESS

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RICARDO RODRIGUES TEIXEIRA

2008-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMOAs perdas pós-colheita de tomate apresentam níveis bastante elevados, sendo proporcionais ao tempo de exposição dos frutos a condições climáticas adversas no período entre a colheita e o beneficiamento. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma unidade móvel para o beneficiamento de tomates em campo, visando reduzir o tempo entre a colheita e o beneficiamento de tomates e, conseqüentemente, reduzir as perdas pós-colheita. Para tal, foram identificados em campo os processos e tarefas necessários para o beneficiamento de tomates, empregados como base no desenvolvimento da unidade móvel. A unidade móvel foi então montada sobre uma carroceria do tipo baú. Foram avaliados os custos para a construção da unidade móvel e custos operacionais. A unidade móvel apresentou-se como uma solução de custo relativamente baixo para a redução das perdas pós-colheita do tomate.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Perdas pós-Colheita, Qualidade dos Frutos, Qualidade do Tomate.

Genetic Variability of the Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta Meirick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae, in Tunisia, Inferred from RAPD-PCR Variabilidad Genética del Minador de Hojas de Tomate (Tuta absoluta Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae en Túnez desde RAPD-PCR

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Asma Bettaibi

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick has invaded tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. crop in Tunisia since 2008 and is representing today a major threat to the production of this crop. In this study, we used the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR technology to assess the genetic variability within and among seven populations of T. absoluta, collected on tomato from different regions in Tunisia. Using five RAPD-PCR primers and 108 individuals, 140 polymorphic fragments were recorded. From 335 different RAPD phenotypes generated, 71 were redundant and 264 unique to a specific population. The genetic structure of T. absoluta was investigated using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, genetic distances (Fst and multidimensional scaling (MDS. We detected a high genetic diversity within and among populations in conjunction with a significant differentiation between populations, suggesting that different founder genotypes would have been responsible of the introduction of T. absoluta in Tunisia. The presence of overlapping phenotypes probably indicates migration events between populations, mainly through infested plant material carried by humans.El minador de hojas de tomate Tuta absoluta Meyrick ha invadido el cultivo del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. en Túnez desde 2008 y actualmente representa una importante amenaza para su producción. En este estudio usamos la tecnología de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar-reacción de cadena polimerasa (RAPD-PCR para evaluar la variabilidad genética dentro y entre siete poblaciones de T. absoluta, colectadas desde tomate en diferentes regiones de Túnez. Usando cinco primers RAPD-PCR y 108 individuos, se registraron 140 fragmentos polimórficos. Se generaron 335 fenotipos RAPD diferentes, entre los cuales 71 fueron redundantes y 264 únicos para una población específica. La estructura genética de T. absoluta se investigó usando análisis de varianza molecular

PROFIL RESIDU PESTISIDA DITIOKARBAMAT DALAM TOMAT DAN SELADA PADA TINGKAT KONSUMEN DI DKI JAKARTA

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D. Mutiatikum

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Penggunaan pestisida untuk meningkatkan produksi hasil pertanian menunjukkan adanya residu pestisida dalam komoditi pertanian. Pemaparan pestisida pada manusia dapat menimbulkan keracunan, baik akut maupun kronis bergantung pada lamanya pemaparan. Tomat dan selada adalah sayuran yang biasa dikonsumsi langsung tanpa dimasak lebih dahulu sebagai makanan, seperti lalaban, burger. salad. juice dan sebagainya Monitoring terhadap makanan tersebut dilakukan dengan cara sampling ke pasar-pasar yang berada di Jakarta. Kemudian, ditentukan kadar residu pestisida dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC. Hasil analisis residu pestisida ditiokarbamat dalam tomat, terdeteksi pada semua contoh makanan dengan kadar antara 0,66- 22,27 mg/kg. Sedangkan pada selada antara 0,43- 18,57 mg/kg (BMR tomat 3 dan selada 5. 41,67% dari yang disampling melebihi BMR baik tomat maupun selada.   Kata Kunci  : Ditiokarbamat (Pestisida

Survey of aflatoxins in tomato products Aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate

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Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Tomatoes are highly susceptible to fungi contamination in the field, during transportation, processing, and storage. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have been isolated from tomatoes and tomato products, and both fungi species can produce aflatoxin, mycotoxin with hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on all animal species tested so far. In order to verify a possible aflatoxin contamination of tomato products commercialized in Brazil, 63 samples of tomato products (pulp, paste, purée, ketchup, dehydrated tomatoes, and dried tomatoes preserved in oil produced in 5 Brazilian states and 1 imported sample (ketchup, totalizing 29 brands, were analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The analytical method showed an average recovery of 86% for all aflatoxins at two spiking levels. The limits of detection for the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 varied with the type of the product ranging from 2 to 7 µg/kg. Aflatoxins were not detected in any evaluated sample indicating that they did not pose a risk to human health since there was no invasion of raw materials by toxigenic fungi or no conditions for toxin production.Os tomates são frutos altamente susceptíveis à contaminação fúngica tanto no campo como durante o transporte, processamento e armazenamento. Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus têm sido isolados em tomate e em produtos de tomate e ambas as espécies são produtoras de aflatoxinas, potentes micotoxinas que apresentam efeitos hepatotóxicos, carcinogênicos, teratogênicos e mutagênicos para todas as espécies animais testadas até o momento. Para verificar a possível contaminação por estas micotoxinas em produtos de tomate comercializados no Brasil, amostras de 63 produtos de tomate (polpa, pasta, purê, catchup, tomate desidratado e tomate seco conservado em óleo provenientes de 5 Estados brasileiros e uma do exterior (catchup, compreendendo a 29 marcas, foram analisadas por

Tomato Infrared Drying: Modeling and some Coefficients of the Dehydration Process Secado de Tomate por Infrarrojo: Modelación y algunos Coeficientes del Proceso de Deshidratación

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Paulo Cesar Corrêa

2012-06-01

, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo el estudio del proceso de deshidratación en tres diferentes estados de maduración de rebanadas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. por medio del secado por infrarrojo, usando dos métodos: aproximación del período constante de deshidratación a la teoría de la transferencia de calor y masa para el termómetro de bulbo húmedo; y al período decreciente de la deshidratación a la teoría de difusión de líquidos. Se utilizaron frutos de tomate cv. Santa Cruz. Tres estados de maduración fueron obtenidos: verde (estado 1, naranja (estado 2 y rojo (estado 3. Modelos matemáticos usualmente utilizados para representar el secado de productos agrícolas fueron ajustados a los datos experimentales del secado de tomate. El coeficiente de difusión efectivo fue obtenido por medio del ajuste del modelo matemático de difusión líquida a los datos experimentales del período decreciente de deshidratación. El modelo Dos Términos representó mejor el proceso del secado de rebanadas de tomate. La humedad crítica para la deshidratación de tomate fue 2.97 kgw kgdm-1. Existe un período inicial de deshidratación en que la tasa de secado alcanzó el máximo (aproximadamente 1.05 kgw kgdm-1, alrededor de 3 min. Tres diferentes métodos fueron utilizados para obtener los valores del coeficiente efectivo de difusión, incluyendo el método de elementos finitos, en que presentó los menores valores de la suma de desviaciones mínimas al cuadrado, 1.00 x 10-7 m² s-1. El coeficiente global de transferencia de calor fue 12.45 W m-2 K-1, y el coeficiente global de transferencia de masa fue 0.0105 m s-1.

Qualidade físico-química, microbiológica e ocorrência de micotoxinas de Alternaria alternata em derivados de tomate

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Santos, Grazielle Gebrim

2014-01-01

O tomate industrial destina-se à produção de derivados, como extratos, polpas, molhos e conservas de tomate sem pele. A indústria de processamento de tomates no Brasil apresentou um grande crescimento a partir da década de 1970. O Brasil figura entre os dez maiores produtores de tomate industrial do mundo. A cultura do tomate é afetada por um grande número de doenças causadas por fungos e bactérias. Entre os fungos produtores de toxinas que acometem os tomates industriais destacam-se os do gê...

Matriconditioning integrated with gibberellic acid to hasten seed germination and improve stand establishment of pepper and tomato Matricondicionamento integrado com ácido giberélico para acelerar a germinação e melhorar o estande em sementes de pimentão e tomate

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Claudinei Andreoli

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Emergence and stand establishment of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L. (Karsten ex Farw and pepper (Capsicum annus L. seeds are often slow and erratic, particularly under stress conditions. Field emergence trials sometimes have not responded to priming in pepper. This study examined the combined effects of matriconditioning and gibberellin application on the germination and stand establishment of pepper and tomato seeds. Pepper and tomato seeds were conditioned with a solid carrier, Micro Cel E, in the presence of gibberellic acid (GA for 1, 2 , 3 and 4 days at 15 and 25ºC. The results showed that, in all cases, even under stress conditions, the combination of matriconditioning with GA was effective in improving germination and emergence of pepper and tomato. The germination time was, in average, reduced by 2 to 3 days by primed seeds. Thus, matriconditioning, during which germination is suspended, provides an unique means to rapidly and efficiently digest the endosperm by GA-induced enzymes and reduce the mechanical restraints of endosperm thus providing energy to start and sustain embryo growth.A emergência e o estabelecimento do estande em sementes de pimentão (Capsicum annus L. e de tomate (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L. (Karsten ex Farw são freqüentemente lentos e desuniformes, principalmente sob condições de estresse. Experimentos de campo às vezes não têm fornecido resposta ao condicionamento em sementes de pimentão. Este trabalho estudou os efeitos combinados de matricondicionamento e aplicação de giberelina na germinação e estande de sementes de pimentão e tomate. Sementes de pimentão e de tomate foram condicionadas com um sólido matricial, Micro Cel E, na presença e ausência do ácido gilberélico, por um, dois, três e quatro dias, a 15 e 25ºC. Os resultados demonstram que, em todos os casos, os tratamentos combinados com a aplicação de ácido giberélico foram eficientes em melhorar a germinação e a emerg

Perbedaan Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Tomat Dengan Jus Belimbing Manis Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi

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Eka Febriani

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Hipertensi merupakan penyakit darah tinggi yang sering dijumpai di kalangan masyarakat. Secara visual penyakit ini tidak tampak, hipertensi bisa membuat penderita terancam jiwanya. Upaya dalam menurunkan tekanan darah adalah dengan meningkatkan konsumsi kalium sepeti jus tomat dan jus belimbing manis. Tujuan penelitian melihat pengaruh perbedaan pemberian jus tomat dengan jus belimbing manis terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain penelitian Quasi Experimental yaitu untuk melihat perbedaan pengaruh tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah diberikan jus tomat dengan jus belimbing manis dan diperoleh 32 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2013 di kecamatan Kota Jantho Aceh Besar. Data yang diambil yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji T-Test independen pada derajat kepercayaan 95%. Rerata penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus tomat 147,81 mmHg (sistolik dan 77,81 mmHg (diastolik, sedangkan rerata penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus belimbing manis 135,38 mmHg (sistolik dan 80,88 mmHg (diastolik. Rerata perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus tomat turun sebesar 9,75 (sistolik dan 9,94 (diastolik, sedangkan rerata perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus belimbing manis turun sebesar 20,19 (sistolik dan 13,44 (diastolik. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan pemberian jus tomat dengan jus belimbing manis terhadap penurunan tekanan darah, P = 0,000 (P≤0,05.

Desarrollo de una metodología de infestación artificial de plantas de tomate con el pasador del fruto

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Estrada Salazar Edgar Iván

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se confinaron en jaulas (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m dos plantas de tomate (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla, podadas a dos tallos, con hembras de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (una, dos, cuatro y seis adultos, y el testigo. Los tratamientos se repitieron cuatro veces. Se evaluaron por planta las variables frutos afectados por pasador (% y número promedio de orificios de entrada del pasador por fruto. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos solo para la variable frutos afectados por pasador (%. Con la introducción de una hembra en el interior de la jaula se incrementaron en 5.29% los frutos afectados. Para obtener pérdida de frutos similar a la que se presenta en lotes comerciales muy susceptibles (50-60% se requirió la introducción de seis hembras en la jaula.

Efecto de una película plástica modificada en algunos aspectos bioquímicos de un cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. / Effect of a modified plastic film on some biochemical aspects of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. crop

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Ema Laura García-Enciso

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el efecto de una cubierta para invernadero modificada con nanopartículas y pigmentos fluorescentes, la cual se nombró CIQA, sobre el rendimiento, y algunas variables bioquímicas y la calidad de frutos de tomate. El trabajo se realizó en el Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada ubicado en Saltillo, Coahuila. Se instalaron dos invernaderos, en uno se usó la cubierta convencional y en el otro la película modificada. Se midió la Radiación Fotosintéticamente Activa (PAR y la temperatura al interior y exterior de los invernaderos. Se estableció un cultivo de tomate en los invernaderos, se determinó el contenido de clorofilas y carotenoides en las plantas y en los frutos se evaluó el contenido de Vitamina C y licopeno. Las lecturas máximas de PAR fueron mayores en el exterior, luego en el invernadero convencional y por último en el invernadero CIQA. En cuanto a temperatura, las lecturas más altas se presentaron en el invernadero de plástico convencional, seguido por el invernadero con la película CIQA y el exterior. Se encontraron diferencias durante algunos muestreos para el contenido de carotenoides, Vitamina C y licopeno. Lo anterior permite concluir que la película plástica CIQA disminuye la radiación y la temperatura al interior del invernadero, sin afectar los estándares de calidad de los frutos y el rendimiento del cultivo.

Secagem de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) para conserva : estudo de parametros com base na qualidade final

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Gisele Anne Camargo

2000-01-01

Resumo: o tomate seco tem apresentado crescente aplicação na culinária brasileira, principalmente, como ingrediente de massas, pizzas e também no consumo imediato. Com a finalidade de estudar a influência de parâmetros de secagem sobre a eficiência do processo e sobre a qualidade do produto final, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa utilizando tomates de duas variedades: uma variedade industrial (Rio Grande) e outra de tomate de mesa (Debora Plus). Cada uma das variedades foi analisada quanto ao co...

LA PERFORMANCE ECONOMIQUE DE LA FILIERE TOMATE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

superficies (et donc les rendements) sont parfois différentes selon la source qui les fournit comme le ... La fabrication de double concentré de tomate est obtenue soit à partir de .... A compter de 2001, la taxation à la frontière du triple concentré.

1271-IJBCS-Artticle-Dasmané Bambara

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L'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer la diversité taxonomique et la variabilité inter et intra-spécifique des plantes cultivées ..... Culture (16). Tomate. Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Solanaceae. Amérique. 33. 3. 11,54 ..... Calice plus long, sauce.

Desarrollo de una bebida energizante con pulpa de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum

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Alexia Torres

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Las bebidas energizantes han sido creadas para incrementar la resistencia física, proveer mayor concentración, evitar el sueño y proporcionar sensación de bienestar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el desarrollo de una bebida energizante con inclusión de pulpa de tomate de árbol, su evaluación sensorial y caracterización física y química. Se desarrollaron 8 formulaciones de las cuales se escogieron las de mayor aceptación sensorial y se contrastaron con bebidas comerciales. Para la prueba de aceptabilidad se utilizó una escala hedónica no estructurada de 9 puntos y para la prueba CATA (check-all-that-apply se generó un listado de 24 descriptores, obtenidos a partir de evaluación sensorial previa. Los descriptores de las formulaciones a base de tomate de árbol que presentaron mayores porcentajes de respuesta estadísticamente diferentes (p < 0,05 con las muestras comerciales fueron: agradable, natural, casero, espesa, turbia, herbal, sabor a tomate, dulce, sabor a tomate de árbol, sabor a fruta. La formulación con 21,3 % de pulpa de tomate de árbol presentó la mayor aceptabilidad (6,32, razón por la cual fue caracterizada posteriormente. Se obtuvo una bebida ácida (acidez 7,97 g/100 mL y pH 3,88, con cantidades significativas de vitaminas, minerales, polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante. El desarrollo de este tipo de productos permite incorporar al mercado de bebidas, alternativas más saludables y de alto valor energizante.

Performance de six cultivars de tomates Lycopersicon esculentum ...

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Administrateur

mêmes sont plus performantes que la variété. Petomech. Mots clés : Performance, tomate, jaunisse en cuillère, flétrissement bactérien, nématodes, Côte d'Ivoire. Abstract. Performance of six cultivars of tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mills. against ...

Métodos de remoção da mucilagem e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill. Methods of mucilage remotion and physiological quality of tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum Mill. seeds

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C. Cavariani

1994-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivando estudar diferentes métodos de remoção da mucilagem e a qualidade de sementes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., conduziu-se um experimento, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Após extração manual, sementes e mucilagens foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos de remoção: lavagem imediata, fermentação por três dias, ácido clorídrico a 2,5% (25 ml/kg, durante 2 horas, ácido acético a 10% (25 ml/kg de material e hidróxido de amônia a 2,5% (25 ml/kg, durante 2 horas. Seguiu-se a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes através das determinações de porcentagem de germinação e vigor, pela porcentagem de emergência em areia, condutividade elétrica e pesos das matérias verde e seca de plântulas. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os métodos de remoção por lavagem imediata, fermentação, ácido clorídrico e ácido acético comercial não afetaram a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de tomate; a porcentagem de germinação não foi afetada pelos diferentes métodos de remoção e o método hidróxido de amônia prejudica o vigor das sementes.Different methods of mucilage remotion and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. seeds were studied, in a complete randomized design experiment with four replications. After manual extraction, seeds and slimes were submitted to the following remotion treatments: immediate washing, three-day fermentation, hydrochloric acid at 2,5% (25 mg/kg for 2 hrs., acetic acid at 10% (25 ml/kg of material, and ammonia hydroxide at 2,5% (25 ml/kg, for 2 hrs.. A physiological quality evaluation of seeds was carried out through the percentage of germination and vigor, percentage of in-sand emergence, electrical conductivity, and weight of fresh and dry matters of seedlings. The results showed that the methods of immediate washing, fermentation, commercial hydrochloric and acetic acids do not affect the physiological quality of

Estudio de la resistencia a Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae en germoplasma cultivado y silvestre de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.

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Yeimy García Valencia

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira, en condiciones de campo y casa de malla, se evaluaron por preferencia para oviposición y número de ninfas de mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius varias accesiones silvestres y poblaciones segregantes de tomate resistentes al pasador del fruto, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, donde se evaluaron como variables el número de huevos y de ninfas del insecto por hoja. En cada observación se incluyeron tres hojas del tercio superior, medio e inferior del tallo de la planta. Las poblaciones de mosca blanca fueron muy bajas en los dos primeros ciclos de cultivo (en campo debido, probablemente, a las altas precipitaciones. Estas condiciones no permitieron una selección de materiales resistentes o susceptibles a este insecto. En el tercer ciclo de cultivo, bajo condiciones de casa de malla, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los retrocruzamientos respecto al testigo susceptible para la variable preferencia por oviposición. El genotipo 4212P4 presentó el menor número de ninfas, mostrando que tiene posiblemente un mecanismo que le confiere menor atracción para B. tabaci. Se encontró que los genotipos menos preferidos para oviposición y con menor número de ninfas fueron PI 134417, PI 134418 y PI 126449 (Solanum habrochaites var. Glabratum S. Knapp y D. M Spooneer.

EFFECT OF RINSING SOLUTIONS FOR REMOVING MANCOZEB RESIDUES IN TABLE TOMATOES EFEITO DE SOLUÇÕES DE ENXÁGUE NA REMOÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE MANCOZEB EM TOMATES DE MESA

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Míriam Fontes Araujo Silveira

2009-12-01

-small;">Dentre os agrotóxicos mais utilizados na cultura do tomate estão os fungicidas e, dentre estes, os mais aplicados na cultura são os ditiocarbamatos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos processos de enxágue de tomates de mesa, por imersão, com água potável e soluções de vinagre de álcool, bicarbonato de sódio e dicloroisocianurato de sódio dihidratado, utilizados na remoção do fungicida mancozeb. Foram realizadas análises de acidez, brix, atividade de água (a_w, pH e teor de manganês. Foi avaliado o teor do fungicida na película e no fruto inteiro, pela quantificação do teor de manganês presente nas amostras. Observou-se que o processo de enxágue do fruto reduz, significativamente, a quantidade de resíduos nos tomates. A redução de mancozeb foi maior na película, onde está presente em maior concentração, e os enxágues com água potável e solução com bicarbonato de sódio removeram mais de 61% dos resíduos presentes na película dos tomates.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agrotóxico; ditiocarbamatos; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.

Desarrollo de una metodología de infestación artificial de plantas de tomate con el pasador del fruto Development of an artificial infestation methodology of tomato plants with the fruit borer

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Nelson Enrique Casas Leal

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se confinaron en jaulas (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m dos plantas de tomate (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla, podadas a dos tallos, con hembras de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (una, dos, cuatro y seis adultos, y el testigo. Los tratamientos se repitieron cuatro veces. Se evaluaron por planta las variables frutos afectados por pasador (% y número promedio de orificios de entrada del pasador por fruto. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos solo para la variable frutos afectados por pasador (%. Con la introducción de una hembra en el interior de la jaula se incrementaron en 5.29% los frutos afectados. Para obtener pérdida de frutos similar a la que se presenta en lotes comerciales muy susceptibles (50-60% se requirió la introducción de seis hembras en la jaula.Two tomato plants (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla pruned to two stems with females of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (one, two, four, six adults, and the control were enclosed in cages (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m under the randomized complete block design. The treatments were replicated four times. The variables fruit by fruit borer (% and mean number of entrance holes of fruit borer per fruit were evaluated per plant. Only the variable affected fruit by fruit borer (% presented significant differences between treatments. The affected fruits were increased in 5.29% by every female introduced into the cage. If it is needed to get fruits losses similar to those seen in very susceptible commercial plots (50-60% six female must be introduced into the cage.

UJI POTENSI Gliocladium sp TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TOMAT

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Lina Herlina

2013-09-01

Full Text Available AbstrakMikroorganisme tanah seperti Gliocladium sp dapat bertindak sebagai dekomposer dan juga sebagai agen pengendali hayati patogen tanaman hal ini memberikan harapan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk dan fungisida sintetik. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji potensi biofertililzer Gliocladium sp terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi buah tomat. Variabel bebas yaitu bioferlizer Gliocladium sp  dengan dosis (g/tanaman 0,50, 100, 150, dan 200 .Variabel tergantung adalah pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalah  tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil a dan b. Parameter hasil tanaman yang diukur adalah berat buah setelah panen. Hasil uji Anava satu jalan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Gliocladium sp perpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil a dan klorofil b, berat tomat  . Hasil uji lanjut Duncan menunjukkan bahwa dosis 100, g 150 g dan 200 g tidak berbeda signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman, dosis 150g dan 200 g tidak berbedan nyata dalam pembentukan klorofil a dan klorofil b. Pemberian Gliocladium dosis 150g paling tinggi terhadap berat buah. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pemberian Gliokompos sp berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi buah tomat. AbstractSoil microorganisms such as Gliocladium sp. can play role in the decomposition and can also become the biological control of pathogenic plants. The animal is potentially reduce the use of fertilizers and synthetic fungidid. The aim of the study was to test the potential effect of biofertililzer Gliocladium sp. on the growth and production of tomatoes. The independent variables was biofertilizer Gliocladium sp. at various dosages (g/plant of 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200. The dependent variables were the growth and the production of tomatoes. The growth parameter measured were plant height, as well as a and b chlorophyl contents.  The crop parameter was the fruit weight post-harvest.  A one-way anova showed that Gliocladium sp. affected the

Primera cita del desarrollo de Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus, 1758) en plantas de tomate bajo condiciones controladas

OpenAIRE

Alonso, D.; Gómez, Azahara A.; Nombela, Gloria; Muñiz, Mariano

2007-01-01

La mosca blanca de la col, Aleyrodes proletella, causa graves daños en cultivos de brassicas pero no existen referencias hasta la fecha sobre su desarrollo eficaz y continuado en tomate. Tras la observación de la presencia accidental de adultos de esta especie en plantas de tomate (cv Moneymaker), se realizaron dos experimentos en condiciones controladas de laboratorio para analizar su desarrollo en estas plantas. En uno de ellos se introdujeron hembras fértiles de A. proletella en "cajas-pin...

exportación de tomate

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Juan Carlos Pérez Mesa

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se realiza una comparación entre redes neuronales de base radial y la metodología econométrica tradicional. Ambos sistemas se aplican a una función que explica y predice las exportaciones de tomate de empresas de economía social de la provincia de Almería (España. Los resultados que se obtienen son similares, aunque la fiabilidad del modelo de redes al predecir queda cuestionada. Sin embargo, las redes se configuran como una herramienta fácil de utilizar ya que no están condicionadas por una especificación funcional anterior y una distribución del error.

Processamento de conservas de tomates orgânicos desidratados: Uma alternativa para agricultura familiar

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Karen Rodrigues Romano

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A demanda por alimentos mais saudáveis têm crescido rapidamente e a desidratação aplicada aos alimentos orgânicos têm se apresentado como uma ferramenta tecnológica importante para o desenvolvimento de produtos mantendo a integridade orgânica. O tomate que apresenta produção e consumo mais difundidos no mundo, quer in natura ou processado, é altamente perecível, com perdas estimadas entre 25 a 50% da produção. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa objetivou a realização do processamento de tomates orgânicos desidratados em conservas obtidos a partir de dois diferentes equipamentos (desidratador e forno doméstico, com utilização de padrões para a pequena agroindústria e artesanais. Utilizaram-se três variedades de tomates orgânicos (Forty, Andrea e Perinha. Estes foram desidratados e em seguida foram processados na forma de conservas com uso de azeite de oliva como líquido de cobertura e condimentos orgânicos. Os resultados apresentaram produtos com umidade média que variou entre 46 a 63%, pH entre 4,07 e 4,31, cinzas entre 1,04 e 1,87%, proteínas entre 3,01 e 3,94%, lipídeos entre 19,77 e 28,17%, carboidratos entre 12,16 e 23,63% e VCT entre 241 e 348 calorias/100g. A análise sensorial e a intenção de compra demonstraram que as conservas de tomates orgânicos desidratados nos dois equipamentos apresentaram características sensorialmente adequadas para consumo e a comercialização, o que permite afirmar que é uma excelente alternativa para a agricultura familiar.  

Evidence of cryptic introgression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) based on wild tomato species alleles.

Science.gov (United States)

Labate, Joanne A; Robertson, Larry D

2012-08-07

Many highly beneficial traits (e.g. disease or abiotic stress resistance) have been transferred into crops through crosses with their wild relatives. The 13 recognized species of tomato (Solanum section Lycopersicon) are closely related to each other and wild species genes have been extensively used for improvement of the crop, Solanum lycopersicum L. In addition, the lack of geographical barriers has permitted natural hybridization between S. lycopersicum and its closest wild relative Solanum pimpinellifolium in Ecuador, Peru and northern Chile. In order to better understand patterns of S. lycopersicum diversity, we sequenced 47 markers ranging in length from 130 to 1200 bp (total of 24 kb) in genotypes of S. lycopersicum and wild tomato species S. pimpinellifolium, Solanum arcanum, Solanum peruvianum, Solanum pennellii and Solanum habrochaites. Between six and twelve genotypes were comparatively analyzed per marker. Several of the markers had previously been hypothesized as carrying wild species alleles within S. lycopersicum, i.e., cryptic introgressions. Each marker was mapped with high confidence (etomato whole genome shotgun chromosomes (SL2.40) database. Neighbor-joining trees showed high mean bootstrap support (86.8 ± 2.34%) for distinguishing red-fruited from green-fruited taxa for 38 of the markers. Hybridization and parsimony splits networks, genomic map positions of markers relative to documented introgressions, and historical origins of accessions were used to interpret evolutionary patterns at nine markers with putatively introgressed alleles. Of the 47 genetic markers surveyed in this study, four were involved in linkage drag on chromosome 9 during introgression breeding, while alleles at five markers apparently originated from natural hybridization with S. pimpinellifolium and were associated with primitive genotypes of S. lycopersicum. The positive identification of introgressed genes within crop species such as S. lycopersicum will help

Effet de l'irradiation gamma des semences de tomate ( Lycopersicon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) résistantes au NaCl grâce à l'irradiation gamma. Son but est d'évaluer l'effet de l'irradiation des graines de tomate sur leur résistance au NaCl et de confirmer celle-ci par l'évaluation de la concentration en proline ...

Uso do 1-metilciclopropeno para retardar a maturação de tomate

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Krammes Juliana Golin

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum, cultivar 'Santa Clara' e o híbrido 'Carmen' (longa vida, tratados no estádio verde-maduro com 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP, apresentaram retardo nos picos de produção de etileno e CO2, redução nas taxas respiratórias, maior acidez titulável, maior retenção de firmeza e retardo no desenvolvimento de cor vermelha em relação a frutos não tratados, durante vida de prateleira a 23ºC. Os teores de sólidos solúveis totais não foram afetados pelo tratamento com 1-MCP. As doses de 1-MCP necessárias para retardar os picos de produção de etileno e CO2 e aumentar a acidez foram de 300 nl L-1 e 500 nl L-1, para tomates 'Santa Clara' e 'Carmen', respectivamente. Todavia, a retenção de firmeza e o retardo na evolução de cor vermelha da casca foram substanciais com a dose 150 nl L-1 para a cultivar 'Santa Clara', e com a dose de 250 nl L-1 para o híbrido 'Carmen'. Estes resultados mostram o grande potencial de emprego comercial do 1-MCP para retardar a maturação de tomates 'Santa Clara' e 'Carmen' em temperaturas ambientes.

Tomate longa vida desidratado em diferentes temperaturas de secagem = Drying of tomato at different temperatures

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Aurélio Vinicius Borsato

2007-01-01

Full Text Available A demanda no consumo de tomate desidratado cresceu nos últimos anos,principalmente pela justificativa de que o tomate contém substâncias bioativas. A pesquisa realizada objetivou avaliar três condições de secagem (80oC; 100oC; 100oC por 3h seguida de 80oC, aplicadas ao tomate longa vida cv. Carmem para obtenção de produto desidratadocom umidade residual projetada para 60% do seu peso. Foi usado um secador de pouca capacidade, contendo circulação forçada de ar e cinco bandejas. Os tomates frescos, fatiados e inteiros, renderam em peso de produto desidratado 12,2-13,6% e 7,5-8,5%, respectivamente. O tratamento que aplicou a temperatura de 100ºC por 3h seguida de 80ºCpor 4h e 24min, com a porta fechada do secador, resultou em produto desidratado de boa aparência e sem nenhuma fatia queimada, por isso foi o recomendado para a secagem de fatias de tomate longa vida a cv. Carmem.The demand for the consumption of dried tomatoes has grown in recent years, especially under the justification that tomatoes contain allegedly healthy bioactive substances. The research aimed to evaluatethree drying conditions (80oC; 100oC; 100oC for 3h followed by 80oC applied to cv. Carmem long-life tomatoes in order to obtain a dehydrated product with a projected residual humidity of 60% in weight. A small-capacity dryer was used, equipped with forcedaircirculation and five trays. The fresh tomatoes, both sliced and whole, yielded 12.2-13.6% and 7.5-8.5% in weight of dehydrated product, respectively. The treatment consisting in the application of a temperature of 100ºC for 3h followed by 80ºC for 4h and 24min, with the door of the dryer closed, resulted in a dehydrated product with good appearance and without any burned slices; therefore, it was recommended for drying cv. Carmem long-life tomato slices.

Allelopathic activity of fresh and dry extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville and Bauhinia forficata link leaves on the germination and initial development of tomato seedlings / Atividade alelopática dos extratos fresco e seco de folhas de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville e pata-devaca (Bauhinia forficata link sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de tomate

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Gisela Ferreira

2009-07-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study aimed at the verification of the allelopatic action of extracts of “pata-devaca” (Bauhinia forficata Link and “barbatimão” (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville on seeds of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Tomato seeds placed in translucent “gerbox” were treated with aqueous extracts prepared with fresh and dry leaves of the tested species at the following concentrations: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% (control. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five replications of 25 seeds per plot per species. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Germination percentage, mean time and germination rates (MGT and MGR, and mean of the primary root length were evaluated. No difference was found for germination percentage of tomato seeds for the different extracts. For MGR, all treatments with fresh leaf extract differed from the check. MGT and MGR showed differences among the following dry leaf extracts concentrations: 25%, 75% and 100%. All treatments presented inhibitory effect on the length of the primary root.O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a ação alelopática de pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia forficata Link, e barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville em sementes de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. As sementes de tomate foram tratadas com extratos aquosos preparados a partir de folhas frescas e secas das espécies-teste nas concentrações de 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% e 0% (controle e acondicionadas em ‘gerbox’ transparente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de 25 sementes por parcela por espécie-teste. Foram avaliados porcentagem, tempo e velocidade médios de germinação e, comprimento médio de raiz primária. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas por Tukey a 5% de

Caracterización de 14 genotipos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cultivados bajo invernadero en Costa Rica

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José Eladio Monge-Pérez

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Se caracterizaron 14 genotipos de tomate producidos bajo invernadero, tanto a nivel cualitativo como cuantitativo. Los datos muestran una amplia variabilidad entre genotipos y brindan información útil a los productores en el proceso de selección del genotipo a utilizar en su sistema productivo, según el nicho de mercado de interés. Se destacan varios genotipos de tomate tipo “cherry! y “uva” por su alto contenido de sólidos solubles, que pueden ser opciones para los consumidores que demandan un producto de alta calidad.

Uji Efektivitas Antihiperglikemia Kombinasi Jus Pare (Momordica charantia L dan Jus Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L pada Tikus Wistar Jantan dengan Metode Toleransi Glukosa

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Wulandari

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Diabetes melitus (DM is a metabolic disorder condition characterized by hyperglycemia. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L are plant that have actvity antihiperglicemic actvity that contain triterpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloid, and saponin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination antihiperglicemic bitter melon juice and tomato juice on male Wistar rats that was induced sucrose. Animals were divided into 6 groups. Blood glucose levels was measured at 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th minutes with enzymatic method using a glucometer. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney with a 95% confidence level. The research showed a blood glucose level of negative group differ significantly from the other group (P>0.05 and did not differ significantly with group 6 (P>0.05. Group 5 (bitter melon juice 17.4 g/KgBW and tomato juice 16.8 g/KgBW has a significant difference (P<0.05 with other groups and more effectively lowering blood glucose levels from minute 90th to minute 120th. Group 5 has the lowering effect of blood glucose levels than single juice.

Cultivo in vitro del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Fenotipo naranja) proveniente de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Chacón-Cerdas, Randall; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Flores-Mora, Dora; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Alvarado-Marchena, Luis; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Schmidt-Durán, Alexander; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Alvarado-Ulloa, Carlos; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica

2014-01-01

El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es un frutal de importancia comercial en países como Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, donde se consume como fruta fresca y procesada. Tradicionalmente, es propagado por semillas y estacas, y enfrenta problemas de heterogeneidad y calidad de material de siembra. En esta investigación se desarrolló un protocolo para la micropropagación in vitro del tomate de árbol criollo del fenotipo naranja, proveniente de Costa Rica, el cual presenta potencial para ...

Cultivo in vitro del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Fenotipo naranja) proveniente de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Randall Chacón-Cerdas; Dora Flores-Mora; Luis Alvarado-Marchena; Alexander Schmidt-Durán; Carlos Alvarado-Ulloa

2014-01-01

El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es un frutal de importancia comercial en países como Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, donde se consume como fruta fresca y procesada. Tradicionalmente, es propagado por semillas y estacas, y enfrenta problemas de heterogeneidad y calidad de material de siembra.  En esta investigación se desarrolló un protocolo para la micropropagación in vitro del tomate de árbol criollo del fenotipo naranja, proveniente de Costa Rica, el cual presenta potencial p...

Torta de filtro como biofertilizante para produção de mudas de tomate industrial em diferentes substratos

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Patrícia Coelho de Souza Barros

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A torta de filtro é uma alternativa promissora como matéria prima na complementação dos nutrientes essenciais para o desenvolvimento de mudas de hortaliças. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate industrial cultivadas em ambiente protegido, aplicando-se diferentes doses de torta de filtro, como biofertilizante, em substrato comercial e solo. Delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e sete repetições totalizando 42 parcelas, para cada substrato. Cada unidade experimental consistia de copos com capacidade para 200 mL, nos quais foi incorporada a torta de filtro nas seguintes doses: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 Mg ha-1. As variáveis respostas observadas foram: altura de plantas (cm; massa da matéria verde da parte aérea (g; massa seca da parte aérea (g. A utilização da torta de filtro tem efeitos positivos na produção de mudas de tomate industrial. A dose de torta de filtro adicionada ao substrato comercial que proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate industrial é de 6,5 Mg ha-1. Com este ensaio, não foi possível atingir a dose ótima de torta de filtro, a qual representa o melhor desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate industrial, quando cultivado em solo, sugerindo o uso de doses maiores em experimentos posteriores.

Caracterización morfológica y evaluación de resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum en especies silvestres del género Solanum sección Lycopersicon

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Maria Natalia Morales Palacio

2014-01-01

Título corto: Caracterización morfológica y evaluación de resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum Resumen:  Con el objetivo de evaluar la variación morfológica y la resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum en la colección del banco de germoplasma de la Universidad Nacional de Loja (UNL, 146 accesiones de cuatro especies silvestres fueron seleccionadas (Solanum pimpinellifolium, S. neorickii, S. habrochaites, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme; y, 20 accesiones de tomate cultivado (S. lycopersicum. Un total de 723 plántulas se transplantaron al campo y se evaluaron morfológicamente durante todo su ciclo biológico, con un descriptor que incluyó 20 caracteres cuantitativos y 25 cualitativos. Se estimó la variabilidad morfológica y se detectaron diferencias fenotípicas relacionadas con el fruto, características vegetativas de las plantas y los componentes del rendimiento. Las variables morfológicas mostraron que S. habrochaites es la especie más diferenciada con relación a las restantes. La podredumbre vascular causada por F. oxysporum es responsable de enormes pérdidas en la producción de tomate en el mundo; sin embargo, las especies silvestres que originaron las variedades cultivadas poseen genes de interés agronómico, utilizados por décadas para la generación de variedades resistentes. Por ello, entre 64 y 228 individuos por especie, se evaluaron por tres procedimientos de inoculación. Todas las especies fueron significativamente diferentes en los niveles de resistencia, tolerancia o susceptibilidad. S. neorickii fue más resistente y tolerante, seguida de S. pimpinellifolium y S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, mientras que todas las variedades cultivadas (S. lycopersicum fueron susceptibles. Tales circunstancias permitieron determinar sin lugar a dudas, que las plantas sobrevivientes y tolerantes poseen un genotipo particular que determina esa característica. Palabras clave:  Ecuador, tomate, tolerancia, susceptibilidad, inoculación. Abstract: In order

A clarified position for solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme in the evolutionary history of tomatoes (solanaceae

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Causse Mathilde

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The natural phenotypic variability present in the germplasm of cultivated plants can be linked to molecular polymorphisms using association genetics. However it is necessary to consider the genetic structure of the germplasm used to avoid false association. The knowledge of genetic structure of plant populations can help in inferring plant evolutionary history. In this context, we genotyped 360 wild, feral and cultivated accessions with 20 simple sequence repeat markers and investigated the extent and structure of the genetic variation. The study focused on the red fruited tomato clade involved in the domestication of tomato and confirmed the admixture status of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme. We used a nested sample strategy to set-up core collection maximizing the genetic diversity with a minimum of individuals. Results Molecular diversity was considerably lower in S. lycopersicum i.e. the domesticated form. Model-based analysis showed that the 144 S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme accessions were structured into two groups: one close to the domesticated group and one resulting from the admixture of the S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium genomes. SSR genotyping also indicates that domesticated and wild tomatoes have evolved as a species complex with intensive level of hybridization. We compiled genotypic and phenotypic data to identify sub-samples of 8, 24, 32 and 64 cherry tomato accessions that captured most of the genetic and morphological diversity present in the entire S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme collection. Conclusion The extent and structure of allelic variation is discussed in relation to historical events like domestication and modern selection. The potential use of the admixed group of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme for association genetics studies is also discussed. Nested core collections sampled to represent tomato diversity will be useful in diversity studies. Molecular and

Streptomyces sp. Sebagai Biofungisida Patogen Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht. f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc. Snyd. et Hans. Penyebab Penyakit Layu Pada Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.

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NURI MANDAN SARI

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A research was conducted to isolate Streptomyces sp. of soil Udayana University campus in theBukit-Jimbaran, to obtain the most effective Streptomyces sp. which is effective in inhibit the growth ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, and to test response of tomato plants with Streptomyces sp.culture against Fusarium wilt desease. Implementation phases of the research consisted of isolation andidentification of Streptomyces sp, test the inhibition against F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, and in vivotest used by dyeing the roots of the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum with Fusarium spores andafter 30 seconds the roots were dyeing Streptomyces culture. Furthermore, sterile soil in polybagwatered by Fusarium spores and Streptomyces culture at the same time. Based on morphologicalcharacteristic it found five isolates of Streptomyces sp.. The antagonist test showed Streptomyces sp.1 had ability (75% against Fusarium, Streptomyces sp 2 (68,3%, Streptomyces sp. 3 (71,6%,Streptomyces sp. 4 (63,3%, and Streptomyces sp. 5 (21,6%. All Streptomyces suppressed thegrowth of Fusarium on tomato plants in glass house (p<0,05. Streptomyces sp.3 suppressed Fusariumwilt disease in tomato from 88% in control to 20%.

Exploiting wild relatives of S. lycopersicum for quality traits

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Víquez Zamora, A.M.

2015-01-01

Exploiting wild relatives of S. lycopersicum for quality traits Ana Marcela Víquez Zamora Tomatoes are consumed worldwide and became a model for crop plant research. A part of the research aims at expanding genetic diversity in tomato; this can be done by incorporating

SIMULACIÓN ESTACIONARIA DE UN EVAPORADOR DE DOBLE EFECTO PARA JUGO DE TOMATE

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Álvaro Núñez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se desarrolló un modelo estacionario para simular un sistema evaporador de doble efecto destinado a la concentración de jugo de tomate. Debido a que el licopeno muestra capacidad antioxidante, es deseable que su concentración sea máxima en la pasta de tomate. Ello se logra optimizando tanto el diseño como las condiciones de operación del equipo concentrador de jugo. Para alcanzar ese objetivo, se incorporó al modelo la cinética de degradación del licopeno, y se realizó un estudio de sensibilidad para determinar las relaciones que vinculan las variables de proceso. El estudio determinó que el contenido de licopeno en el producto es altamente sensible al tiempo de residencia; mientras que el consumo de vapor está determinado por la presión del vapor de servicio y las presiones de los efectos.

Evaluación de densidades de siembra en tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill en invernadero

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Jos\\u00E9 Cruz Carrillo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación se realizó de junio a diciembre del 2001 en el módulo de horticultura protegida del Instituto Tecnológico Agropecuario de Oaxaca No. 23 ubicado en la ex Hacienda de Nazareno, Xoxocotlan, Oax., con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de tres densidades de plantación en el desarrollo vegetativo y producci ón de diferentes híbridos de tomate con crecimiento indeterminado cultivados bajo invernadero. Los híbridos de tomate fueron el SXT, DRW3410 y SXT0289. No hubo diferencia estad ística para los híbridos, sólo para densidades de plantación, obteniendo los mejores rendimientos 5,3 plantas/m2 y 4 plantas/ m2 con 17,52 y 17,37 kg/m2, respectivamente, lo que represent ó en promedio un rendimiento de 151,6 t/ha.

Trichoderma sp. dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat

OpenAIRE

Novita, Trias

2013-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Trichoderma sp dalam pengendalianpenyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca FakultasPertanian Universitas Jambi, perlakuannya terdiri dari : t0 = tanpa Trichoderma sp; t1 = 25 gTrichoderma sp/8 kg media; t2 = 50 g Trichoderma sp/8 kg media; t3 = 75 g Trichoderma sp/8 kgmedia; dan t4 = 100 g Trichoderma sp /8 kg media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichodermasp berperan dalam mengendalikan penyakit layu...

Desenvolvimento de tomate de mesa, com o uso do método QFD (Desdobramento da Função Qualidade, comercializado em um supermercado

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Marcos Sissi K.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Para atender as exigências do consumidor, relativas ao tomate de mesa, oferecendo um produto de qualidade, e reduzir as perdas pós-colheita, aplicou-se o método QFD ao tomate comercializado em um supermercado. Avaliou-se o potencial de uso dessa ferramenta, bem como sua aplicabilidade a um produto hortícola, tendo-se realizado o desdobramento da qualidade, com o trabalho conduzido na loja Carrefour D.Pedro, em Campinas. Desenvolveu-se um produto a partir das características exigidas pelo consumidor, estabelecendo-se como concorrente o tomate 'Carmem'. A cada etapa do método, as decisões foram tomadas após discussões norteadas pelas características inerentes ao produto e suas relações com a metodologia. O lote piloto, com as características exigidas pelos clientes e condizentes com as estratégias da empresa (supermercado, foi avaliado junto aos consumidores e atingiu as metas estabelecidas para a qualidade planejada, bem como o objetivo relativo a perdas, tendo-se alcançado o valor de 0% de perdas. No teste de preferência, em que se comparou o produto desenvolvido com o tomate 'Carmem', através de análise sensorial, o tomate desenvolvido através do método QFD foi o preferido ao nível de 0,1% de significância. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a aplicabilidade do método QFD a produtos agrícolas comercializados in natura, tendo-se alcançado os benefícios esperados.

Caracterização química e funcional de tomates \\"Sweet Grape\\" e Italiano submetidos à desidratação osmótica e adiabática

OpenAIRE

Ana Carolina Loro

2015-01-01

O tomate é um produto hortícola de importância comercial para o Brasil e seu consumo se dá tanto na forma in natura quanto de produtos processados. O Sweet Grape, híbrido de mini tomate de sabor mais adocicado, pode ser consumido como acompanhamento, tira-gosto ou in natura. No que tange aos tomates in natura, as principais dificuldades de comercialização estão relacionadas às perdas pós-colheita e ao excedente produtivo. Devido ao fato de ser altamente perecível, o processo de desidratação v...

Efecto de la concentración y presión sobre la elevación del punto de ebullición de pasta de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

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Fabián Alberto Ortega Quintana

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Las propiedades térmicas de las pulpas concentradas juegan un papel importante en el diseño y optimización de evaporadores de múltiple efecto, entre estas propiedades se encuentra la elevación del punto de ebullición. En esta investigación se determinó la elevación del punto de ebullición de pastas de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. de las variedades colombianas Chonto, Milano y Río Grande variando las concentraciones de sólidos solubles desde 5 hasta 35ºBrix y las presiones de vacío desde 49,33 hasta 949,26mbar. Cada tratamiento fue realizado por triplicado para cada variedad de tomate y se evaluó el ajuste de los datos obtenidos a los modelos matemáticos: Dühring, Antoine y Crapiste-Lozano. La concentración, la presión, la variedad de tomate y las diferentes interacciones de estas variables tuvieron efecto estadísticamente signifi cativo al 5% de signifi cancia en la temperatura de ebullición de las pastas de tomate. Finalmente, para las tres variedades de tomate se encontró un buen ajuste de los datos experimentales a los diferentes modelos matemáticos.

Farelo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.997 Tomato meal (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. in the diet of laying hens - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.997

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Wilson Moreira Dutra Júnior

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de tomate (FT sobre o desempenho zootécnico e características dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas em gaiolas 200 aves da linhagem Dekalb White, com 30 semanas de idade, durante três períodos de 21 dias cada um. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e inclusões de 5, 10, 15 e 20% do (FT. Para o consumo de ração, houve aumento à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão do farelo. Para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, percentagem de postura e massa de ovos produzida, 5% foi o nível de inclusão que proporcionou os melhores resultados. O FT provocou diminuição linear no peso e percentagem de gema, no entanto, até 15% de inclusão, obtiveram-se gemas mais pesadas quando comparadas com as da ração-referência. O farelo de tomate pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas rações para poedeiras comerciais. O nível recomendado seria de até 5% de inclusão, para melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. Utilizando-se até 15%, não houve interferência no rendimento das partes dos ovos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of tomato meal (TM on performance and egg quality. Two hundred Dekalb White birds, 30 weeks old, were allocated in cages during three periods of 21 days each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five repetitions of eight birds each. The treatments were: a control diet, and four diets with different inclusion levels of TM (5, 10, 15 and 20%. The birds’ feed consumption increased as the inclusion level of tomato meal in the diet was raised. For egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per mass and dozen of eggs, the level of 5% was the best. TM

Avaliação da qualidade de tomate seco em conserva Evaluation of quality of dried tomato

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Gisele A. Camargo

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O tomate seco em conserva é alvo de crescente aceitação no mercado brasileiro; sua utilização é comum em aperitivos e na culinária como ingrediente de molhos e pizzas. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho o efeito dos seguintes fatores na qualidade do tomate seco: variedade de tomate (Rio Grande e Débora Plus, geometria de corte (pedaços de ½ e ¼ com relação ao eixo maior do fruto, presença ou ausência de sementes e teor de umidade final (25 e 35%, mediante análises instrumentais de cor e textura e testes sensoriais afetivos. Os resultados mostraram que a variedade Rio Grande apresentou melhor mastigabilidade e dureza, porém maior suscetibilidade ao escurecimento após o processo de secagem. De forma geral, a preferência dos consumidores foi por tomates secos com 35% de umidade final, enquanto a melhor qualidade final foi obtida a partir do tratamento com a variedade Rio Grande e umidade final de 35%.Preserved dried tomato has been gaining increasing acceptance in the Brazilian market, its use being common in appetizers and also in the cooking, as an ingredient of sauces and pizzas. The effect of the following factors on the quality of dried tomato was evaluated: variety of tomato (Rio Grande and Débora Plus, geometry of pieces (½ and ¼ to the fruit major axis, presence or absence of seeds and final moisture content (25 and 35% by means of instrumental texture, and color analysis and sensorial affective tests. The results showed that the variety Rio Grande presented better physical parameters but was more susceptible to darkness. Generally, the consumers preferred dried tomatoes at 35% moisture content. The best final quality of dried tomato was obtained from the treatment performed with Rio Grande variety and 35% final moisture content.

Genotipos de tomate en mezclas de vermicompost:arena en invernadero

OpenAIRE

Moreno Reséndez, Alejandro; Gómez Fuentes, Leocadio; Cano Ríos, Pedro; Martínez Cueto, Víctor; Reyes Carrillo, José Luis; Puente Manríquez, José Luis; Rodríguez Dimas, Norma

2008-01-01

Para determinar la respuesta de dos genotipos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) bola, André y Adela, de crecimiento indeterminado y establecer la concentración óptima de la mezcla vermicompost:arena, que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales, se estableció el presente trabajo. La siembra se efectuó en charolas de poliestireno de 200 cavidades rellenas con turba y el trasplante se realizó a los 40 días después de la siembra, utilizando macetas de plástico negro de 20 L. Las mezclas d...

Influence de la concentration de la solution nutritive sur la croissance et la nutrition minérale de la tomate

OpenAIRE

Morard, Philippe; Caumes, Edith; Silvestre, Jérôme

2004-01-01

L’influence de deux concentrations de solution nutritive a été étudiée sur la croissance et la nutrition minérale de la tomate en culture hydroponique sous serre au stade début floraison. La force ionique de la solution nutritive la plus concentrée était de 20.00 meq L–1 (SNC), valeur proche de celle qui est habituellement utilisée pour la culture de la tomate ; celle de la solution diluée (SND) était de 3.25 meq L–1. Pendant les deux semaines de l’expérimentation, la concentration du milieu ...

Molecular regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato fruits new biotechnological strategies /

OpenAIRE

D'Andrea, Lucio

2016-01-01

Los carotenoides son metabolitos isoprenoides de gran relevancia económica como pigmentos naturales y fitonutrientes. Durante la maduración del fruto de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) se acumulan niveles elevados de carotenoides como β-caroteno (naranja) y licopeno (rojo) en un tipo de plasto especializado denominado cromoplasto. En la maduración se pueden distinguir tres estadios según el color del fruto: Verde Maduro (VM), Naranja (N) y Rojo (R). La transición de VM a N y por último a R, se ...

Producción de tomate y dinámica microbiológica del suelo de invernáculo al aplicar vermicompostas

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O. Robledo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se analizan los efectos de la incorporación de vermicompostas a suelo de invernáculo previamente tratado con insecticida carbofurán, estudiando las siguientes variables: la estructura de la comunidad bacteriana, la actividad microbiana y la productividad de un cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Dominique. La actividad microbiana estudiada por hidrólisis de FDA mostró que las vermicompostas con menor periodo de curado, provocaron un aumento significativo en ésta, observándose una correlación no lineal inversa con el peso total de frutos cosechados, indicando un posible efecto de inmovilización microbiana de elementos nutritivos. La comunidad bacteriana estudiada por Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (T-RFLP del gen ARNr 16S, mostró que las enmiendas provocaron una modificación en dicha comunidad, observándose incrementos en la abundancia relativa de algunos fragmentos de restricción terminales (T-RFs correspondientes para géneros con propiedades promotoras del crecimiento vegetal como: Pseudomonas y Pantoea. Los análisis de agrupamiento (cluster y de componentes principales (PCA revelaron que la estructura de la comunidad bacteriana del suelo sin aplicación de carbofurán ni vermicompostas (SFV, presentó mayor similitud con las de suelo con enmiendas que con las de suelo tratado con pesticida y sin enmiendas, sugiriendo que las vermicompostas podrían restaurar el efecto perturbador del pesticida. En uno de los tratamientos con vermicompostas (FVCP se observó un incremento significativo en el peso promedio de los frutos cosechados. Estos resultados sugieren que el efecto favorable de las vermicompostas en la productividad del suelo también puede relacionarse con un incremento de la abundancia de microorganismos benéficos.

Emergência e desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate IPA 6 em substratos, contendo esterco ovino

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Enio Gomes Flôr Souza

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A busca por substratos alternativos, que possam substituir produtos comerciais na produção de mudas de tomate, é de fundamental importância para a redução dos custos nessa fase inicial da cultura. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar a qualidade de mudas de tomate industrial IPA 6, produzidas com substratos à base de esterco ovino. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, de 16 de fevereiro a 30 de março de 2012. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1 - [substrato comercial]; T2 - [esterco ovino + areia (1:1]; T3 - [esterco ovino + areia (2:1]; T4 - [esterco ovino + areia (3:1]; T5 - [esterco ovino + solo (1:1]; T6 - [esterco ovino + solo (2:1]; T7 - [esterco ovino + solo (3:1]; T8 - [esterco ovino + areia + solo (1:1:1];T9 - [esterco ovino + areia + solo (2:1:1]; T10 - [esterco ovino + areia + solo (3:1:1]. Os indicadores de emergência avaliados foram: percentagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de emergência. Analisaram-se as seguintes características de desenvolvimento: número de folhas, altura de plântula, diâmetro de caule, comprimento de raízes, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes. O substrato comercial proporcionou melhor vigor de mudas de tomate IPA 6. Por outro lado, o uso do esterco ovino mais solo (2:1, para compor substratos alternativos constituiu-se opção viável para a produção de mudas desse cultivar.

Ocorrência de fungos filamentosos termo-resistentes em polpa de tomate envasada assepticamente

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BAGLIONI Flávio

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal determinar a ocorrência de fungos filamentosos termo-resistentes durante o processamento asséptico de polpa de tomate (8° BRIX. Durante o período de safra de tomate foram feitas amostragens em 9 lotes (3 no início, 3 no pico e 3 em fim de safra e no período de entresafra em 5 lotes. Foi feita a enumeração de fungos termo-resistentes nas amostras coletadas durante as diferentes etapas do processo asséptico de cada lote. Foram obtidas contagens médias relativamente baixas, variando entre <1 e 8UFC/100mL de amostra. As maiores contagens foram obtidas na matéria prima e na água de pré lavagem e transporte. Cinqüenta linhagens de fungos termo-resistentes detectadas no procedimento de enumeração foram isoladas, codificadas e estocadas. Os esporos de cada isolado com 1 mês de cultivo foram submetidos a diferentes choques térmicos para selecionar a linhagem de fungo mais termo-resistente. O isolado de fungo mais termo-resistente (sobrevivência ao choque à 100° C/25 minutos foi identificado como Neosartorya fischeri.

Comparación del contenido de licopeno, β-caroteno y fenoles en tomate aplicando un manejo hortícola convencional y ecológico y hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA

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Christian Ulrichs

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Los frutos de tomate son ricos en compuestos antioxidantes que han sido reconocidos como benéficos para la salud humana y los manejos hortícolas pueden influir la concentración de estos metabolitos secundarios. Los hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA pueden influir en la absorción de nutrientes y agua por la planta. El estudio, llevado a cabo en invernadero, examinó si tomates ‘Vitella F1’, cultivados orgánicamente, se diferencian en su contenido de licopeno, β-caroteno y fenoles totales en los frutos de tomates manejados convencionalmente. Los tratamientos fueron los métodos de cultivo: convencional, orgánico, convencional+HFMA y orgánico+HFMA. Comparando los métodos de cultivo, no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa para los parámetros nutritivos analizados; solamente tomates manejados orgánicamente tuvieron un contenido de fenoles totales un poco menor. En los dos métodos de cultivo, las plantas inoculadas con HFMA (Glomus sp. formaron contenidos más altos de licopeno en los frutos que los sin inoculación. Los tomates manejados orgánicamente aumentaron su concentración de β-caroteno y de los fenoles totales a consecuencia del tratamiento con HFMA. La aplicación de HFMA aumentó el peso fresco del fruto pero no el del tallo. El aumento del crecimiento y la adquisición de los nutrientes en tomate demostraron el potencial de la colonización con HFMA para incrementar la concentración de compuestos antioxidantes en el fruto. La mosca blanca (Trialeurodes vaporariorum fue controlada exitosamente con la aplicación de la tierra diatomaceous Fossil Shield® 90 en los tratamientos orgánicos y con Applaud® en el cultivo convencional.

Potential risk levels of invasive Neoleucinodes elegantalis (small tomato borer) in areas optimal for open-field Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cultivation in the present and under predicted climate change.

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva, Ricardo Siqueira; Kumar, Lalit; Shabani, Farzin; Picanço, Marcelo Coutinho

2017-03-01

Neoleucinodes elegantalis is one of the major insect pests of Solanum lycopersicum. Currently, N. elegantalis is present only in America and the Caribbean, and is a threat in the world's largest S. lycopersicum-producing countries. In terms of potential impact on agriculture, the impact of climate change on insect invasions must be a concern. At present, no research exists regarding the effects of climatic change on the risk level of N. elegantalis. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for S. lycopersicum and N. elegantalis, utilizing CLIMEX to determine risk levels of N. elegantalis in open-field S. lycopersicum cultivation in the present and under projected climate change, using the global climate model CSIRO-Mk3.0. Large areas are projected to be suitable for N. elegantalis and optimal for open-field S. lycopersicum cultivation at the present time. However, in the future these areas will become unsuitable for both species. Conversely, other regions in the future may become optimal for open-field S. lycopersicum cultivation, with a varying risk level for N. elegantalis. The risk level results presented here provide a useful tool to design strategies to prevent the introduction and establishment of N. elegantalis in open-field S. lycopersicum cultivation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Método para la obtención de cultivares de tomate con frutos partenocárpicos (sin semillas) y mayor calidad organoléptica

OpenAIRE

Ellul, Philippe; Angosto Trillo, Trinidad; García-Sogo, Begoña; Martín Trillo, Mar; Martínez-Zapater, José M.; Lozano Ruiz, Rafael; Moreno Ferrero, Vicente

2005-01-01

Método para la obtención de cultivares de tomate con frutos partenocárpicos (sin semillas) y mayor calidad organoléptica. El método se basa en la transferencia y expresión del gen LFY de Arabidopsis thaliana en plantas transgénicas de tomate. Los frutos de las plantas transgénicas con el gen LFY mantienen el mismo tamaño y peso que los del cultivar original, pero carecen de semillas, tienen más carne, menos pulpa y una forma ligeramente apuntillada. El análisis de cali...

ANALISIS RESIDU PESTISIDA PIRETRIN DALAM TOMAT DAN SELADA DARI BEBERAPA PASAR DI JAKARTA

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D. Mutiatikum

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Penggunaan pestisida untuk budidaya komoditi pertanian memungkinkan adanya residu pestisida dalam sayuran sehingga konsumen berisiko tercemar pestisida yang merupakan zat toksik  sehingga diperlukan pemantmwn kadar residu dalam sayuran terutama yang langsung dikonsumsi tanpa dimasak. Penetapan  residu pestisida dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC. Hasil analisis residu pestisida golongan peretrin dalam tomat dan selada yang disampling dari pasar induk, pasar tradisional. pasar swalayan dan hipermarket yang berada diwilayah Jakarta menunjukkan hasil yang negatif (tidak terdeteksi.

Perfil dos compradores de tomate de mesa em supermercados da região de Campinas Market profile of fresh tomato consumers in the Campinas area

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Caroline Andreuccetti

2005-03-01

Full Text Available O acesso a informações e às mudanças tecnológicas fizeram com que consumidores se tornassem cada vez mais exigentes e preocupados com a saúde. Assim, procurou-se estabelecer o comportamento de compra dos consumidores de tomate de mesa (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. em supermercados de Campinas (SP, e a partir das respostas aos questionários traçou-se seu perfil destacando suas preferências, costumes, reclamações e exigências. Identificou-se que é a mulher que realiza as compras para casa, com preferência pelo consumo do tomate na forma "in natura". Encontrou-se insatisfação de 95,6% dos entrevistados quanto à qualidade do tomate, sendo a presença de danos físicos a maior reclamação. Assim, a qualidade do tomate que estava sendo apresentado nas gôndolas dos supermercados não correspondia àquela indicada pelos consumidores (frutos com coloração vermelha, uniformes e ausência de injúrias. Diante da insatisfação dos consumidores e considerando que o tomate preferencialmente é consumido "in natura" deve-se atentar para sua aparência externa, promovendo manuseio adequado nas etapas pós-colheita a fim de minimizar danos físicos. Os consumidores revelaram que pagariam uma quantia mais elevada pelo tomate caso este apresentasse melhor qualidade. A opinião do consumidor deve ser considerada para se encontrar soluções tecnológicas e/ou estratégicas que possam minimizar os danos pós-colheita do tomate, atingindo suas expectativas quanto à qualidade do produto.Access to information together with technological developments have helped to make consumers more preocupied about their health. A study was made of the buying habits of tomato consumers in supermarkets in Campinas (São Paulo State, Brazil. With the answers to the questionnaire to hand it was possible to determine the preferences, the customs, the complaints and the demands of the customers. It was established that it is the woman of the house who does the

La competitividad sistémica de la industria del tomate de agricultura protegida en Zacatecas

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Luz Evelia Padilla Bernal

2016-02-01

Full Text Available La industria del tomate de agricultura protegida en Zacatecas ha crecido aceleradamente en los últimos años; sin embargo, hay poca información sobre ella. Los productores están haciendo grandes inversiones sin una base sólida de información. La apertura comercial y la globalización de los mercados, así como las nuevas tendencias en el sector agroalimentario están impactando la competitividad. En este trabajo se determina el nivel de competitividad de la industria del tomate bajo agricultura protegida de Zacatecas, a fin de proveer elementos que apoyen el diseño de políticas para el desarrollo de una competitividad sustentable. Se desarrolla a través de una evaluación a la industria bajo un enfoque empresarial aplicando un modelo de competitividad sistémica. La información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas a técnicos, propietarios de las agroempresas, investigadores y autoridades gubernamentales. Las unidades de producción exportadoras y las de alta tecnología son las que tienen mejor posición competitiva

Los efectos del tipo de cambio en el mercado de tomate en la zona del tlcan, 2005-2008

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Mercedes Borja Bravo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available México exportó 921 mil toneladas de tomate rojo al mercado de Estados Unidos de 2005 a 2008, lo que cubrió casi 90 por ciento de sus importaciones. Para analizar los efectos de modificaciones en la tasa de cambio sobre la competitividad de estas exportaciones mexicanas, se validó un modelo de equilibrio espacial e intertemporal, y los resultados indican que una apreciación del peso las disminuiría, mientras que una depreciación las aumentaría, ya que desplazaría la producción doméstica de ese país y las importaciones de Canadá. Se concluye que la depreciación del peso tiene gran impacto sobre las corrientes comerciales del tomate en el mercado del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, por lo cual es importante asegurar una política cambiaria que procure la estabilidad de la tasa de cambio.

Efecto de Bombus atratus (Hymenoptera: Apidae sobre la productividad de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. bajo invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia

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Cure José Ricardo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available

En varios países se utilizan con éxito especies de abejorros del género Bombus para la polinización de tomate, reportándose incrementos de productividad hasta del 40%. En la Sabana de Bogotá existen varias especies nativas del género, por lo que se planteó examinar su potencial, desde el punto de vista de su cría en cautiverio y de su utilización como polinizadores de tomate y otras solanáceas. En este trabajo se evaluó el potencial de la especie nativa Bombus atratus como polinizador de tomate, mediante la introducción al cultivo de colonias criadas en cautiverio. Se comparó la autopolinización espontánea de la planta, frente a la obtenida con ayuda de las obreras de B. atratus. Los frutos visitados por ellas presentaron incrementos significativos para las variables ‘peso fresco del fruto’ (40,9%, ‘número de semillas’ (103,3%, ‘diámetro ecuatorial’ (14,3% y ‘proporción de lóculos bien desarrollados’ (42,2%. La relativa facilidad para la cría de esta especie en cautiverio, y el potencial demostrado en el aumento de productividad del tomate bajo invernadero, muestran la necesidad de profundizar en estos estudios en Colombia.

Tomate revestido com filme de fécula de batata e óleos de sálvia e manjerona

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Denise Milléo Almeida

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar tomates cv. Rasteiro revestidos com filmes a base de fécula de batata e óleos essenciais de sálvia e manjerona. Os filmes foram produzidos a base de fécula de batata e adicionados de óleos essenciais de sálvia e manjerona, segundo planejamento experimental fatorial 22. Os indicadores de qualidade avaliados foram massa fresca, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, pH, firmeza e analisados segundo análise de componentes principais (PCA. Ao final do período de armazenamento (288h os tomates revestidos com filmes de fécula de batata mostraram maior estabilidade nos parâmetros de pH e firmeza, quando combinado com o óleo de sálvia foram eficaz no equilíbrio dos sólidos solúveis, e ao apresentarem os dois óleos, sálvia e manjerona, proporcionaram maior eficiência na manutenção da acidez e massa fresca dos frutos. A análise multivariada auxiliou na discriminação do tomate de acordo com o tempo de armazenamento, ou seja, a acidez total titulável e a firmeza tiveram maior efeito significativo no início do período de armazenamento, os sólidos solúveis totais em 72h, o pH e a perda de massa nos tempos de 168h e 216 horas. 

RNA sequencing on Solanum lycopersicum trichomes identifies transcription factors that activate terpene synthase promoters

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Spyropoulou, E.A.; Haring, M.A.; Schuurink, R.C.

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND: Glandular trichomes are production and storage organs of specialized metabolites such as terpenes, which play a role in the plant's defense system. The present study aimed to shed light on the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in Solanum lycopersicum trichomes by identification of

“Estudio de factibilidad para la producción y exportación del tomate de árbol del cantón el chaco hacia España”

OpenAIRE

Zambrano Cabrera, Roque Wilson

2011-01-01

Las nuevas tendencias alimenticias nos orientan a consumir alimentos bajos en grasa, elaborados con materia prima que aporten un valor nutritivo para el ser humano. Existen varias opciones una de ellas es el tomate de árbol. Este estudio de factibilidad está enfocado a la producción y comercialización del Tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea), también llamado internacionalmente Tamarillo, en la zona andina de Ecuador. Donde la producción que califique irá para el mercado internacional en...

Manejo automático de malla sombra y del riego en un invernadero con tomates

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Federico Hahn

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Los invernaderos son utilizados para muchas aplicaciones, no solo cultivos. Invernaderos automatizados requieren de un controlador que abra y cierre mallas reduciendo la radiación incidente evitando una evapotranspiración excesiva del cultivo. Este trabajo contempla el desarrollo de un controlador de mallas y de irrigación aplicada en función a la radiación incidente ahorrando 35% de agua en tiempo de lluvias; con nubes o con la radiación lunar nocturna no se enciende la bomba. Las mallas permanecían cerradas durante la noche abriéndose al amanecer cuando la radiación era baja. En el experimento realizado con tomates dentro de un invernadero se utilizaron meses intercalados para analizar la operación manual de mallas y la operación automática de las mismas. La radiación incidente en las plantas fue máxima en Mayo y Agosto meses en que no se usaron mallas de sombreo. En Agosto la temperatura del aire aumentó arriba de 28°C reduciendo en un 50% el tamaño de las frutas. La temperatura de los frutos disminuyó 2.5°C con el uso de mallas reduciendo el agrietamiento en el tomate.

RESPUESTA DIFERENCIAL A LA SALINIDAD DE GENOTIPOS DE TOMATE (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. EN PRIMERAS ETAPAS FENOLÓGICAS

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Francisco Higinio Ruiz Espinoza

2014-10-01

Full Text Available La salinidad afecta tanto el crecimiento vegetativo como el desarrollo reproductivo de las plantas: puede reducir el número de flores, incrementar la esterilidad y alterar la duración de la floración y la maduración. En México, el tomate es una de las especies hortícolas de mayor importancia económica y social, en virtud del valor de su producción y por la demanda de mano de obra que genera, por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la salinidad en variables morfológicas, en dos etapas fenológicas (germinación y crecimiento vegetativo inicial, de ocho genotipos de tomate, “Tropic, Feroz, Ace, Super Río Grande, Yaqui, Missouri, Vita y Floradade”, los cuales fueron expuestos a estrés salino mediante la adición de NaCl en concentraciones de 0, 50, 100, 150 y 200 mM, en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. En la etapa de germinación se midieron las variables morfométricas: porcentaje de germinación, peso fresco y seco de parte aérea, peso fresco de raíces. En la etapa de crecimiento vegetativo inicial se midieron: longitud de tallo, peso fresco de tallo, numero de hojas y área foliar. Los resultados de la etapa de germinación muestran que conforme se incrementó la concentración salina, el porcentaje de germinación disminuyó, siendo “Tropic y Yaqui” los que mostraron valores superiores. Por su parte, “Tropic y Missouri” mostraron el mayor peso fresco y seco de parte aérea, mientras que los genotipos con menor tolerancia en esta etapa fueron “Feroz, Vita y Ace”. En la etapa de crecimiento vegetativo inicial se determinó que los cultivares que presentaron mejor respuesta o mayor tolerancia al estrés salino fueron “Missouri, Tropic, Feroz y Vita”, mientras que los genotipos con menor tolerancia a la salinidad en esta etapa fueron “Floradade y Ace”. Se concluye que en ambas etapas fenológicas existe un diferencial potencial entre los

Desarrollo de yogurt con capacidad antioxidante elaborado con leche de cabra (Capra hircus y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn.

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Carlos Enrique Alvarado Carrasco

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de productos es el proceso secuencial de encontrar ideas para nuevos bienes y servicios, para convertirlas en productos comercialmente exitosos, seguros, beneficiosos para el consumidor y manufacturados de manera rentable. En el presente trabajo se siguieron todos los pasos de un Desarrollo Exploratorio en la elaboración de un yogurt a partir leche de cabra (Capra hircus, saborizado con una mermelada de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn. para incrementar su capacidad antioxidante gracias a su contenido de polifenoles y otros componentes bioactivos. Se partió de un concepto de producto evaluado favorablemente por un grupo de consumidores y de criterios de formulación basados en la norma venezolana para yogurt COVENIN 2393:2001. La fórmula final seleccionada fue sometida a análisis físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales para su caracterización. Los resultados corroboraron el cumplimiento de lo establecido en la norma. Se cuantificó su actividad antioxidante, mediante la prueba ‘oxigen radical absorbance capacity’, antes y después de la adición de la mermelada de tomate de árbol, encontrándose que la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt saborizado fue 71 % mayor que la del yogurt natural. Por tanto, la incorporación de la mermelada de tomate de árbol permite incrementar la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt de leche de cabra.

Desarrollo de yogurt con capacidad antioxidante elaborado con leche de cabra (Capra hircus y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn.

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Carlos Enrique Alvarado Carrasco

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de productos es el proceso secuencial de encontrar ideas para nuevos bienes y servicios, para convertirlas en productos comercialmente exitosos, seguros, beneficiosos para el consumidor y manufacturados de manera rentable. En el presente trabajo se siguieron todos los pasos de un Desarrollo Exploratorio en la elaboración de un yogurt a partir leche de cabra (Capra hircus, saborizado con una mermelada de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn. para incrementar su capacidad antioxidante gracias a su contenido de polifenoles y otros componentes bioactivos. Se partió de un concepto de producto evaluado favorablemente por un grupo de consumidores y de criterios de formulación basados en la norma venezolana para yogurt COVENIN 2393:2001. La fórmula final seleccionada fue sometida a análisis físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales para su caracterización. Los resultados corroboraron el cumplimiento de lo establecido en la norma. Se cuantificó su actividad antioxidante, mediante la prueba ‘oxigen radical absorbance capacity’, antes y después de la adición de la mermelada de tomate de árbol, encontrándose que la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt saborizado fue 71 % mayor que la del yogurt natural. Por tanto, la incorporación de la mermelada de tomate de árbol permite incrementar la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt de leche de cabra.

Tuta absoluta: una nueva plaga para el cultivo del tomate en Europa (Sesión Técnia: Hortalizas)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stol, W.; Griepink, F.C.; Deventer, van P.

2009-01-01

Tuta absoluta es una polilla originaria de Chile cuyas larvas producen minas en las hojas de las plantas de tomate. En las últimas décadas de este insecto se ha extendido por gran parte del continente sudamericano. Después de su primera observación en Europa (España, Valencia) en 2007, esta polilla

EFECTO DE POBLACIONES DE Meloidogyne sp. EN EL DESARROLLO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL TOMATE

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Wilber Salazar-Ant\\u00F3n

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la población inicial de Meloidogyne sp. en el cultivo del tomate. El estudio se realizó en León, Nicaragua en el año 2011. Las variables medidas fueron número de nematodos al trasplante y al momento de la cosecha, altura de la planta al momento de la madurez fisiológica y el rendimiento en kilogramos. La extracción de nematodos se realizó mediante el método de Baermann modificado. En el estudio, la densidad inicial (Pi presentó una correlación lineal positiva con la densidad final (Pf. Sin embargo, se observó que cuando la Pi era igual a 400 nematodos/100 g de suelo, el factor de reproducción se incrementaba a 3,64; por el contrario, cuando la Pi era igual a 700 nematodos/100 g de suelo, el factor de reproducción se reducía a 2,48. La Pi se correlacionó inversamente con el peso de frutos y altura de las plantas. Plantas con 200 nematodos/100 g de suelo presentaban peso de frutos de 2,19 kg y altura de 153,20 cm en comparación con 0,93 kg y 135,24 cm en plantas con 600 nematodos/100 g de suelo. Existió una correlación positiva entre Pi y Pf de Meloidogy- ne sp. en el tomate. Las poblaciones de este nematodo, se correlacionaron inversamente con las variables altura y peso de los frutos.

PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. BASADO EN LÁMINAS DE RIEGO Y ACOLCHADO PLÁSTICO

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R. López-López

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Entre los principales problemas que limitan el incremento de la producción y la productividad del cultivo de tomate de cáscara, están la disponibilidad y el alto costo del agua de riego, además del uso y manejo ineficiente de este recurso. Los sistemas actuales de producción de tomate de cáscara, tienen baja eficiencia productiva, entre otras causas, porque aplican altos volúmenes de agua por hectárea. En este contexto, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes láminas de riego y acolchado plástico en la producción del cultivo de tomate de cáscara en un sistema de fertirriego y optimizar el agua de riego para mejorar la productividad del cultivo. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con tres repeticiones con arreglo de tratamientos factorial 5 x 2, cinco niveles de lámina de riego: 40, 60, 80, 100 y 120 %, de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET0 calculada con el método de Penman-Monteith y dos niveles sin y con acolchado plástico. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos con acolchado plástico y láminas de riego tanto para el rendimiento de frutos como en la productividad del agua. El acolchado plástico incrementó en promedio 56 % el rendimiento de frutos y 57 % la eficiencia del agua de riego al reducir un 60 % la lámina de riego calculada por el método de Penman-Monteith.

The development of FISH tools for genetic, phylogenetic and breeding studies in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Szinay, D.

2010-01-01

In this thesis various fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technologies are described to support genome projects, plant breeding and phylogenetic analysis on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, 2n=24). Its genome is 980 Mb and only 30 % are single copy sequences, which are mostly found in the

Etude de l'effet du stress salin (NaCl) chez deux variétés de tomate ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La germination, les paramètres de croissance ainsi que les paramètres biochimiques, sont comparés chez deux variétés de tomate (Campbell 33 et Mongal) soumises à des concentrations croissantes de NaCl. (0,17, 50, 85 et 130 mM). Le pourcentage de germination des graines diminue avec l'augmentation de la salinité ...

de Fusarium isolé du fruit de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dina

A phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium F-02 is isolated from rotten tomato fruit. ..... between Trichoderma harzianum and Pythium ultimum”. .... [31] - HAAS, and C. KEEL, “Regulation of antibiotic production in root-colonizing Pseudomonas spp.

Impacto dos praguicidas na saúde: estudo da cultura de tomate Pesticide impact on health: a study of tomato cultivation

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Adélia CP Araújo

2000-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A presença de resíduos de praguicidas em alimentos, somada à contaminação da água, oferece risco para a população em geral e representa, sem dúvida, um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Com o objetivo de obter melhor conhecimento da situação, foi estudada a utilização de praguicidas em tomates produzidos no Estado de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Foram aplicados questionários semi-estruturados para obtenção de informações socioambientais e de morbidade referida aos trabalhadores rurais, durante a safra de tomates. Foram selecionadas seis propriedades, localizadas em duas regiões produtoras do agreste pernambucano. O total de entrevistados foi de 186. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: Ficou constatado que as duas regiões estudadas carecem, indiscriminadamente, de ações que visem à proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores rurais, que lidam com os praguicidas, e de medidas contra os danos para o meio ambiente, que se encontra gravemente comprometido.OBJECTIVE: In addition to water contamination, the presence of pesticide residues in food poses a risk to the population, being a serious public health problem in Brazil. With the purpose of getting a better understanding of this scenario, the use of pesticides in tomate crops in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, was studied. METHODS: Questionnaires were applied to obtain social and environmental information as well as morbidity rates and additional data on rural workers involved in tomato plantations in two regions of Pernambuco, Brazil. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in the two studied regions show that there is a lack effective policies to both protect the health of rural workers who have to deal with pesticides and the environment which has already been severely damaged.

Difference in volatile composition between the pericarp tissue and inner tissue of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit

Science.gov (United States)

Numerous studies have reported the volatile profiles in the whole fruit or pericarp tissue of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit; however, information is limited on the volatile composition in the inner tissue and its contribution to tomato aroma. For this, the pericarps and inner tissues of “Money...

Nutritional properties of cherry tomatoes harvested at different times and grown in an organic cropping Propriedades nutricionais de tomates cereja colhidos em diferentes épocas e cultivado em sistema orgânico

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Lucinéia de Pinho

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The physicochemical characteristics of the cherry tomato cultivated in organic and conventional production systems and harvested at either 30 or 45 days of cropping were evaluated using a randomized, 2x2 factorial design (2 cropping systems x 2 harvesting times with five repetitions. The parameters analyzed were color, centesimal composition, total energetic value, carotenoids and bioactive amine content. Tomatoes harvested at 30 days had higher total soluble solid (TSS content when grown conventionally, but when harvested at 45 days, both conventional and organic tomatoes had similar TSS values, probably due to increased N availability in the soil. Organic cherry tomatoes had higher contents of β-carotene, lycopene and bioactive amine. On the other hand, tomatoes from conventional cropping were more alkaline and brighter. In conclusion, organic tomatoes are more nutritious than conventional varieties, and if allowed to ripen for up to 45 days, contain higher levels of TSS, carotenoids and total bioactive amines.As características físico-químicas de tomates cereja cutivados em sistema orgânico e convencional e colhidos em 30 ou 45 dias de cultivo foram avaliadas em um delineamento casualizado, fatorial 2x2 (2 sistemas de cultivo x 2 épocas de colheita com cinco repetições. Foram analisados os parâmetros cor, composição centesimal, valor energético total e conteúdo de carotenóides e de aminas bioativas. Tomates colhidos em 30 dias tiveram maior conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais (SST, possivelmente devido ao aumento de disponibilidade de N no solo. Os tomates orgânicos tiveram maior conteúdo de β-caroteno, licopeno e aminas bioativas. Por outro lado, os tomates convencionais foram menos ácidos e tiveram maior brilho. Conclui-se que tomates orgânicos são mais nutritivos que os convencionais, e se amadurecerem até 45 dias concentram maior teor de SST, carotenóides e aminas bioativas totais.

Productive performance of broiler chickens fed tomato waste Desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte alimentados com resíduo do tomate

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Rosa Cavalcante Lira

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Aiming to evaluate the effect of tomato waste inclusion on productive performance and characteristics of carcass and main broiler chicken cuts, an experiment was carried out using 300 male Cobb chicks, distributed in a complete randomized design, with five rations and five replicates. Diets consisted of control ration based on corn and soybean meal and four rations with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tomato waste. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion and, at the end of experiment, slaughter weight, gutted carcass without feet and head, breast, drumstick, thigh, wing, back, edible guts and belly fat were evaluated every week, as well as it was the yield. Tomato waste increased feed intake in the periods from 1 to 7, 8 to 14 and 29 to 36 days of age and worsened gain weight and feed conversion of broiler chickens up to 29 days of age. Regarding carcass weight (g and weight of the noble parts, breast, drumstick and thighs decreased linearly in function of the use of tomato waste in poultry on pre- initial and initial phase, that is, up to 28 days old, but yield (% was not affected except for yield of heart and liver. Use of tomato waste in ration of broiler chickens during the period from 1 to 28 days may decrease weight gain and worsen food conversion. Tomato waste may be used as ration ingredient in ration of broiler chicken in the breeding period from 29 to 42 days of age up to the level of 20% without harming weight gain and feed conversion of poultry.Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão do resíduo do tomate sobre o desempenho produtivo e as características da carcaça e dos principais cortes de frangos de corte, foi realizado um experimento com 300 pintos machos Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco rações e cinco repetições. As dietas consistiram de uma ração-referência à base de milho e farelo de soja e quatro rações com 5, 10, 15 e 20% de resíduo do tomate. Foram avaliados

Densidades y frecuencias de liberación de Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae sobre Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae en tomate

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Tello Paola

2007-12-01

Full Text Available

La mosca blanca de los invernaderos, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae es una de las plagas más importantes de cultivos de tomate bajo invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá. Para su control tradicionalmente se acude a la aplicación de insecticidas. Sin embargo, también son contempladas liberaciones del parasitoide Encarsia formosa (Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae. Para estandarizar el proceso de cría masiva de E. formosa, se evaluaron tres densidades diferentes de liberación de las avispas (6, 12 y 18 avispas/planta en tres frecuencias de liberación (1, 2 y 3 veces/semana, sobre plantas de tomate de ocho semanas de edad con tres niveles de infestación (15, 30 y 45 ninfas de mosca blanca/hoja, susceptibles de ser parasitadas. El mayor porcentaje de parasitismo (70% en ninfas de tercer instar se logró cuando se liberaron seis avispas por planta, dosificadas en tres momentos diferentes en la misma semana. El menor porcentaje de parasitismo (50%, se obtuvo cuando se realizó una sola liberación de 6, 12 o 18 avispas. Los resultados anteriores permiten concluir que se puede lograr un porcentaje de parasitismo en torno a un 70% de la infestación de mosca blanca (hasta 45 ninfas/hoja en plantas de tomate con pocas avispas de E. formosa (seis cuando se liberan en tres momentos diferentes.

Inducción de algunos mecanismos de resistencia en tomate por la aplicación de trichoderma asperellum tc74 para el manejo de fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raza 3

OpenAIRE

Medellin Muñoz, Miguel Felipe

2016-01-01

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raza 3 (FOLR3) causa severos daños en el cultivo de tomate. Una alternativa al control químico es el uso de especies del género Trichoderma, que inducen en plantas la actividad de las enzimas glucanasas y quitinasas para la defensa contra patógenos. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación de Trichoderma asperellum cepa (Tc74) en la germinación de semillas de tomate variedad Sun 7705 y en la actividad de glucanasas y quitinasas, y su relación...

Influencia de genes exóticos sobre la vida en estantería y el peso del fruto de tomate Influence of exotic genes on tomato fruit shelf life and weight

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J.H. Pereira da Costa

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Una característica importante en tomate cultivado (Solanum lycopersicum es la vida en estantería de los frutos (VE, que puede ser incrementada por incorporación de genes exóticos. Esta alternativa, sin embargo, implica una reducción en el peso (Pe. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la herencia de ambos caracteres en un cruzamiento interespecífico, para aplicar luego esta información básica al delineamiento de estrategias de mejoramiento genético. Se utilizaron la cultivar Caimanta, la accesión exótica LA722 (S. pimpinellifolium y las generaciones F1, F2, BC I.1 (F1 x LA722 y BC I.2 (Caimanta x F1. Se calcularon el grado de dominancia (d/a, la heredabilidad en sentido amplio (H² y la heredabilidad en sentido estricto (h² para Pe y VE, así como las correlaciones fenotípica (r f y genética (r g entre ellos. El d/a fue -1 y -0,86; H², 0,35 y 0,45; y h², 0 y 0,52, para Pe y VE respectivamente. La r f fue 0,36 (p Fruit shelf life (SL is an important trait in the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum that might be increased by introgressing exotic genes. However, this approach causes a reduction in fruit weight (W. The objective of this research was to analyse the inheritance patterns of both traits in an interspecific cross, in order to subsequently design the appropriate breeding strategy. Plant material included cv. Caimanta, accession LA722 of the exotic S. pimpinellifolium, and their F1, F2, BC I.1 (F1 x LA722 and BC I.2 (Caimanta x F1 generations. The genetic parameters, degree of dominance (d/a, broad sense heritability (H², and narrow sense heritability (h² were estimated for SL and W, and the phenotypic (r p and the genetic (r g correlations among them were calculated. The d/a were -1 and -0.86, H² were 0.35 and 0.45, and h² were 0 and 0.52, for W and SL respectively. The r p was 0.36 (p < 0.01 and r g was - 0.86. Genetic variance was generated for both fruit weight and shelf life from this interspecific tomato

MODEL JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PARAMETER KUALITAS TOMAT BERDASARKAN PARAMETER WARNA RGB (An artificial neural network model for predicting tomato quality parameters based on color

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Rudiati Evi Masithoh

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Artificial neural networks (ANN was used to predict the quality parameters of tomato, i.e. Brix, citric acid, total carotene, and vitamin C. ANN was developed from Red Green Blue (RGB image data of tomatoes measured using a developed computer vision system (CVS. Qualitative analysis of tomato compositions were obtained from laboratory experiments. ANN model was based on a feedforward backpropagation network with different training functions, namely gradient descent (traingd, gradient descent with the resilient backpropagation (trainrp, Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfrab and Shanno (BFGS quasi-Newton (trainbfg, as well as Levenberg Marquardt (trainlm.  The network structure using logsig and linear (purelin activation function at the hidden and output layer, respectively, and using  the trainlm as a training function resulted in the best performance. Correlation coefficient (r of training and validation process were 0.97 - 0.99 and 0.92 - 0.99, whereas the MAE values ​​ranged from 0.01 to 0.23 and 0.03 to 0.59, respectively. Keywords: Artificial neural network, trainlm, tomato, RGB   Jaringan syaraf tiruan (JST digunakan untuk memprediksi parameter kualitas tomat, yaitu Brix, asam sitrat, karoten total, dan vitamin C. JST dikembangkan dari data Red Green Blue (RGB  citra tomat yang diukur menggunakan computer vision system. Data kualitas tomat diperoleh dari analisis di laboratorium. Struktur model JST didasarkan pada jaringan feedforward backpropagation dengan berbagai fungsi pelatihan, yaitu gradient descent (traingd, gradient descent dengan resilient backpropagation (trainrp, Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfrab dan Shanno (BFGS quasi-Newton (trainbfg, serta Levenberg Marquardt (trainlm. Fungsi pelatihan yang terbaik adalah menggunakan trainlm, serta pada struktur jaringan digunakan fungsi aktivasi logsig pada lapisan tersembunyi dan linier (purelin pada lapisan keluaran. dengan 1000 epoch. Nilai koefisien korelasi (r pada tahap pelatihan dan validasi

A genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its application to photorespiratory metabolism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Yuan, H.; Cheung, C.Y. Maurice; Poolman, M.G.; Hilbers, P.A.J.; van Riel, N.A.W.

2016-01-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has been studied extensively due to its high economic value in the market, and high content in health-promoting antioxidant compounds. Tomato is also considered as an excellent model organism for studying the development and metabolism of fleshy fruits. However, the

Qualidade física e química de mini-tomates Sweet Grape produzidos em cultivo orgânico e convencional

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Darlene Ana de Paula Vieira

2014-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar os parâmetros utilizados na determinação da qualidade, como altura, diâmetro, massa, cicatriz peduncular, parâmetros instrumentais de cor (L*, a* e b*, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez total, relação entre o teor de sólidos solúveis e a acidez total, composição centesimal (umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteína, carboidratos, valor energético total e teor de licopeno de frutos de mini-tomates do cultivar Sweet Grape obtidos em cultivo orgânico e convencional. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. As análises foram realizadas por métodos oficias e em triplicata. As dimensões e a cor dos mini-tomates não foram afetadas pelo sistema de cultivo. Os mini-tomates orgânicos do cultivar Sweet Grape, apesar de possuírem teor de umidade (93,68 g 100 g-1 mais elevado em relação aos cultivados em sistema convencional, apresentam maiores teores de cinzas (0,43 g 100 g-1, de proteína (2,16 g 100 g-1, de lipídios (0,38 g 100 g-1, de licopeno (3,22 g 100 g-1 e relação entre os sólidos solúveis totais e a acidez total (2,17, e menor acidez total (3,2 gácido cítrico 100 g-1, teor de carboidratos (3,34 g 100 g-1 e valor energético (24,5 kcal 100 g-1, o que representa para o consumidor vantagem do ponto de vista nutricional, sensorial e funcional.

[Polymorphism of KPI-A genes from plants of the subgenus Potatoe (sect. Petota, Estolonifera and Lycopersicum) and subgenus Solanum].

Science.gov (United States)

Krinitsyna, A A; Mel'nikova, N V; Belenikin, M S; Poltronieri, P; Santino, A; Kudriavtseva, A V; Savilova, A M; Speranskaia, A S

2013-01-01

Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor proteins of group A (KPI-A) are involved in the protection of potato plants from pathogens and pests. Although sequences of large number of the KPI-A genes from different species of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) and a few genes from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are known to date, information about the allelic diversity of these genes in other species of the genus Solanum is lacking. In our work, the consensus sequences of the KPI-A genes were established in two species of subgenus Potatoe sect. Petota (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigenum--5 genes and Solanum stoloniferum--2 genes) and in the subgenus Solanum (Solanum nigrum--5 genes) by amplification, cloning, sequencing and subsequent analysis. The determined sequences of KPI-A genes were 97-100% identical to known sequences of the cultivated potato of sect. Petota (cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) and sect. Etuberosum (S. palustre). The interspecific variability of these genes did not exceed the intraspecific variability for all studied species except Solanum lycopersicum. The distribution of highly variable and conserved sequences in the mature protein-encoding regions was uniform for all investigated KPI-A genes. However, our attempts to amplify the homologous genes using the same primers and the genomes of Solanum dulcamarum, Solanum lycopersicum and Mandragora officinarum resulted in no product formation. Phylogenetic analysis of KPI-A diversity showed that the sequences of the S. lycopersicum form independent cluster, whereas KPI-A of S. nigrum and species of sect. Etuberosum and sect. Petota are closely related and do not form species-specific subclasters. Although Solanum nigrum is resistant to all known races of economically one of the most important diseases of solanaceous plants oomycete Phytophthora infestans aminoacid sequences encoding by KPI-A genes from its genome have nearly or absolutely no differences to the same from

Selección de variedades de tomate exportable a Estados Unidos: aplicación del modelo de Markowitz para la disminución del riesgo

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Carlos Borbón Morales

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El tomate es la hortaliza más difundida y la de mayor valor económico. La demanda de este producto aumenta constantemente y con ella el monto producido por año. El cultivo del tomate, su procesamiento y venta están influenciados por aspectos económicos, ambientales y financieros. La viabilidad económica se ve afectada, ya que no solo depende de los cambios en las variables macroeconómicas como el tipo de cambio y el precio internacional, sino también de cambios en las condiciones climáticas y costo del paquete tecnológico, entre otras. El agricultor debe elegir las variedades y los tipos de empaque en los cuales invertirá, pues de ello dependerá el margen de utilidad que se obtendrá al finalizar el ciclo.

Avaliação ecotoxicológica de solos sob cultivo convencional de tomate e morango

OpenAIRE

Marin, Ericka Broetto

2013-01-01

Os agrotóxicos podem interferir diretamente na cadeia trófica, por proporcionar um desequilíbrio ecológico. Portanto, são necessários estudos que verifiquem em campo se esses compostos estão sendo aplicados no solo em concentrações que não prejudiquem os organismos aquáticos e terrestres. Dessa maneira, foram avaliados solos sob o cultivo convencional de tomate e morango dos municípios de Venda Nova do Imigrante e Domingos Martins, ES. Por meio de ensaios ecotoxicológicos (Pseudokirchnerie...

PENGEMBANGAN COMPUTER VISION SYSTEM SEDERHANA UNTUK MENENTUKAN KUALITAS TOMAT Development of a simple Computer Vision System to determine tomato quality

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Rudiati Evi Masithoh

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this research was to develop a simple computer vision system (CVS to non-destructively measure tomato quality based on its Red Gren Blue (RGB color parameter. Tomato quality parameters measured were Brix, citric acid, vitamin C, and total sugar. This system consisted of a box to place object, a webcam to capture images, a computer to process images, illumination system, and an image analysis software which was equipped with artificial neural networks technique for determining tomato quality. Network architecture was formed with 3 layers consisting of1 input layer with 3 input neurons, 1 hidden layer with 14 neurons using logsig activation function, and 5 output layers using purelin activation function by using backpropagation training algorithm. CVS developed was able to predict the quality parameters of a Brix value, vitamin C, citric acid, and total sugar. To obtain the predicted values which were equal or close to the actual values, a calibration model was required. For Brix value, the actual value obtained from the equation y = 12,16x – 26,46, with x was Brix predicted. The actual values of vitamin C, citric acid, and total sugar were obtained from y = 1,09x - 3.13, y = 7,35x – 19,44,  and  y = 1.58x – 0,18,, with x was the value of vitamin C, citric acid, and total sugar, respectively. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan computer vision system (CVS sederhana untuk menentukan kualitas tomat secara non­destruktif berdasarkan parameter warna Red Green Blue (RGB. Parameter kualitas tomat yang diukur ada­ lah Brix, asam sitrat, vitamin C, dan gula total. Sistem ini terdiri peralatan utama yaitu kotak untuk meletakkan obyek, webcam untuk menangkap citra, komputer untuk mengolah data, sistem penerangan, dan perangkat lunak analisis citra yang dilengkapi dengan jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk menentukan kualitas tomat. Arsitektur jaringan dibentuk dengan3 lapisan yang terdiri dari 1 lapisan masukan dengan 3 sel

Valoração dos atributos de qualidade do tomate de mesa: um estudo com atacadistas da CEAGESP Valuation of the quality attributes of tomato for fresh market: a study with CEAGESP wholesalers

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Sabrina L de Oliveira

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A grande variação no valor do tomate de mesa, do mesmo grupo varietal, mesma classificação e no mesmo dia de comercialização, no mercado atacadista da CEAGESP, tem entre suas causas mais importantes a diferença de qualidade nos atributos destes frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi criar uma ferramenta de avaliação dos atributos de qualidade considerados importantes para o tomate de mesa e, a partir da avaliação, apontar os mais relevantes na diferença de valor praticado na comercialização da CEAGESP. Primeiramente, foram levantados os principais atributos que determinam a qualidade do tomate de mesa a partir de entrevista com agentes de comercialização de tomate da CEAGESP. A partir deste levantamento, foi criado um gabarito de avaliação visual da qualidade. Por fim, foram levantados os lotes de tomate de mesa de preço máximo e os de preço mínimo para três classificações (graúdo, médio e miúdo comercializados no mesmo dia, avaliando-se os seus atributos de qualidade por dois sistemas: sistema I - avaliação dos atributos de qualidade por meio de notas de desempenho de acordo com o gabarito, e o sistema II - levantamento da frequência de ocorrência de cada atributo avaliado no lote de tomate. Os atributos que determinam a qualidade do tomate, segundo os agentes de comercialização de tomate da CEAGESP, são: o tamanho (tipo ou calibre, a coloração do fruto, a ausência de defeitos, durabilidade, embalagem e sabor. Os atributos determinantes na variação de preços avaliados pelo sistema I são embalagens paletizáveis e embalagens que proporcionem um adequado empilhamento, enquanto que, para o sistema II, estes atributos são: frutos sem danos superficiais de casca e proteção adequada da embalagem contra injúrias mecânicas.The great variation in the value of tomato from the same variety group, same classification and on the same day of marketing, registered by the Terminal Market of CEAGESP, were related to

Uso de sustratos orgánicos para la producción de tomate en invernadero

OpenAIRE

Márquez Hernández, Cándido; Cano Ríos, Pedro; Rodríguez Dimas, Norma

2008-01-01

La producción orgánica de alimentos es una alternativa para los consumidores que prefieren alimentos libres de plaguicidas y fertilizantes sintéticos, inocuos y con un alto valor nutricional. No obstante, la Certificación orgánica indica un período de transición de tres a cinco años sin aplicación de ningún producto sintético al suelo, período que la mayoría de los productores, no están dispuestos a aceptar, porque implica arriesgar el capital. Por otro lado, el tomate orgánico en México alca...

Redução de perdas pós-colheita em tomate de mesa acondicionado em três tipos de caixas Reduction of tomato post-harvest losses stored in three different types of boxes

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Rita Fátima A. Luengo

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, no Brasil, a embalagem mais usada para tomate continua sendo a caixa de madeira que era usada para transportar querosene na segunda guerra mundial, há meio século, conhecida como caixa "K". Esta embalagem possui características que favorecem as injúrias mecânicas e comprometem a durabilidade e qualidade das hortaliças, como o fato de apresentar superfície áspera, alojar patógenos, profundidade excessiva, possuir aberturas laterais cortantes. Considerando os problemas da caixa K e a necessidade de proteção do tomate, a Embrapa Hortaliças iniciou, em janeiro de 1997, pesquisa para geração de uma embalagem adequada para acondicionamento e transporte de tomate. A embalagem definitiva foi testada em relação à caixa 'K' e caixa de plástico existente no mercado. Nos frutos de tomate foram avaliados a variação de matéria fresca, vida útil, cor, danos mecânicos, variação da firmeza, teor relativo de água e deterioração. A nova embalagem foi nomeada caixa Embrapa e apresenta menores percentagens de danos mecânicos, provavelmente a característica mais importante avaliada, reduzindo perdas pós-colheita em tomate de mesa.The most common box used for harvested vegetables in Brazil is the wood one which was used for kerosene transporting during second world war, in 1945. This box causes mechanical damage and reduces vegetables shelf-life and quality, due to its rough surface allowing pathogen colonization, due to the excessive number of fruit layers, and due to the lateral cut openings. Considering the problems of the K box and the necessity of protecting tomato fruits, Embrapa Hortaliças began in January 1997 a research to develop an adequate box to protect tomato fruits. The definitive box, named "Embrapa box", was compared with the K box and the most common plastic boxes from the market. The weight, shelf-life, color, mechanical damage, firmness, relative water content and deterioration were evaluated. The damage

Intensity of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae attacks on Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Leaves Intensidade de ataque de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae e de Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae em folhas de Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.

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Germano Leão Demolin Leite

2004-02-01

potássio foliar, das densidades de tricomas e dos idioblastos cristalíferos foliares na intensidade de ataque de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae e de Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae em três cultivos de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Santa Clara em condições de campo. O desenho experimental foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, sendo cada um dos cultivos de tomate. Foram realizados análise de variância e teste de média de Tukey (5% de significância para testar o efeito de dossel nas densidades de tricomas e de idioblastos cristalíferos, no número de minas de T. absoluta e de Liriomyza spp. e o número de ovos de T. absoluta. Foi usada correlação de Pearson (5% de significância para avaliar as relações entre compostos orgânicos foliares, concentrações de N e de K foliares, densidade de tricomas e de idioblastos cristalíferos e o número de minas de T. absoluta e de Liriomyza spp. e o número de ovos de T. absoluta. O maior ataque desses insetos ocorreu no estágio final da cultura. Maior número de minas de Liriomyza spp. foi observado nas folhas basais (1,50, se comparando com as apicais (0,02, sendo o contrário observado para o número de ovos de T. absoluta (0,13 e 0,57, respectivamente. Minas de T. absoluta/folha concentraram-se mais nos terços medio (10,23 e apical (8,63 do que no basal (4,93. Não foi detectada influência das densidades de tricomas e de idioblastos cristalíferos foliares nas populações de T. absoluta e de Liriomyza ssp. Possivelmente, os terpenos afetaram a oviposição de T. absoluta, enquanto o potássio foliar afetou o ataque de Liriomyza spp.

EFECTO DE UN BIORREGULADOR A BASE DE AUXINAS SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO DE PLANTINES DE TOMATE

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Graciela Cuesta

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La producción de plántulas de tomate en bandejas alveoladas ha aumentado, ya que por llevar el sistema radicular protegido en un cepellón se reduce el estrés del trasplante. Un mayor desarrollo radicular favorece el establecimiento en campo. La producción de raíces puede ser promovida por la acción de auxinas por lo que en este trabajo se propuso evaluar el efecto de un biorregulador con base en auxinas sintéticas sobre el crecimiento de plantas de tomate en bandejas alveoladas. El ensayo se realizó en un vivero comercial, en San Juan, Argentina. Se utilizó el cultivar AC 55. La siembra se realizó en bandejas con celdas de 36 cm 3 . El biorregulador fue una formulación comercial que contiene 0.12 % de ácido indolbutírico y 0.004 % de forclorfenurón. Se probaron cuatro concentraciones del producto (1, 3, 5 y 7 ml · litro -1 y se ensayó un testigo. Se tomaron muestras a los 26, 33, 40 y 47 días después de la siembra. Se midió peso seco de raíz (PSR y parte aérea (PSA, longitud del tallo (LT, número de hojas mayores a 1 cm (NH y longitud de la tercera hoja (LH. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las mayores dosis aplicadas permitieron aumentar el peso seco de las raíces entre 36 y 39 % respecto al testigo. La regresión entre peso seco de raíz y dosis aplicada indica que podría haber respuesta a dosis mayores. No se observó efecto sobre el crecimiento en la parte aérea de la planta.

Assessment of reference gene stability influenced by extremely divergent disease symptoms in Solanum lycopersicum L.

Science.gov (United States)

Wieczorek, Przemysław; Wrzesińska, Barbara; Obrępalska-Stęplowska, Aleksandra

2013-12-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables of great worldwide economic value. The scientific importance of the vegetable results from the fact that the genome of S. lycopersicum has been sequenced. This allows researchers to study fundamental mechanisms playing an essential role during tomato development and response to environmental factors contributing significantly to cell metabolism alterations. Parallel with the development of contemporary genetics and the constant increase in sequencing data, progress has to be aligned with improvement of experimental methods used for studying genes functions and gene expression levels, of which the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is still the most reliable. As well as with other nucleic acid-based methods used for comparison of the abundance of specific RNAs, the RT-qPCR data have to be normalised to the levels of RNAs represented stably in a cell. To achieve the goal, the so-called housekeeping genes (i.e., RNAs encoding, for instance, proteins playing an important role in the cell metabolism or structure maintenance), are used for normalisation of the target gene expression data. However, a number of studies have indicated the transcriptional instability of commonly used reference genes analysed in different situations or conditions; for instance, the origin of cells, tissue types, or environmental or other experimental conditions. The expression of ten common housekeeping genes of S. lycopersicum, namely EF1α, TUB, CAC, EXP, RPL8, GAPDH, TBP, ACT, SAND and 18S rRNA were examined during viral infections of tomato. Changes in the expression levels of the genes were estimated by comparison of the non-inoculated tomato plants with those infected with commonly known tomato viral pathogens, Tomato torrado virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus and Pepino mosaic virus, inducing a diverse range of disease symptoms on the common host, ranging from mild leaves chlorosis to

Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of Hsp90s gene family in Solanum lycopersicum.

Science.gov (United States)

Zai, W S; Miao, L X; Xiong, Z L; Zhang, H L; Ma, Y R; Li, Y L; Chen, Y B; Ye, S G

2015-07-14

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a protein produced by plants in response to adverse environmental stresses. In this study, we identified and analyzed Hsp90 gene family members using a bioinformatic method based on genomic data from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The results illustrated that tomato contains at least 7 Hsp90 genes distributed on 6 chromosomes; protein lengths ranged from 267-794 amino acids. Intron numbers ranged from 2-19 in the genes. The phylogenetic tree revealed that Hsp90 genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) could be divided into 5 groups, which included 3 pairs of orthologous genes and 4 pairs of paralogous genes. Expression analysis of RNA-sequence data showed that the Hsp90-1 gene was specifically expressed in mature fruits, while Hsp90-5 and Hsp90-6 showed opposite expression patterns in various tissues of cultivated and wild tomatoes. The expression levels of the Hsp90-1, Hsp90-2, and Hsp90- 3 genes in various tissues of cultivated tomatoes were high, while both the expression levels of genes Hsp90-3 and Hsp90-4 were low. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that these genes were involved in the responses to yellow leaf curl virus in tomato plant leaves. Our results provide a foundation for identifying the function of the Hsp90 gene in tomato.

Auxin increases the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root tips while inhibiting root growth

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ivanchenko, Maria G.; den Os, Desiree; Monshausen, Gabriele B.; Dubrovsky, Joseph G.; Bednarova, Andrea; Krishnan, Natraj

2013-01-01

The hormone auxin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate root elongation, but the interactions between the two pathways are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how auxin interacts with ROS in regulating root elongation in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. Wild-type and

Caracterização da comercialização de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP: perfil dos atacadistas Characterization and commercialization of fresh tomatoes at CEASA: profile of wholesalers

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Caroline Andreuccetti

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Os Centros de Abastecimento, conhecidos por CEASAS, são pontos de concentração física da produção de hortigranjeiros e flores oriundos de diversas regiões do país. As mercadorias são destinadas aos atacadistas, que podem também ser produtores rurais ou apenas intermediários. O tomate possui grande representatividade de comercialização dentro dessas centrais de abastecimento. A partir de questionários, identificou-se o perfil dos comerciantes de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP. Constatou-se que 45,8% dos entrevistados possuem um volume médio de tomate comercializado durante o ano maior que 10.000 toneladas, sendo que, desses, 70,8% possuem produção própria de tomate. As cultivares Carmen e Débora foram as líderes de comercialização no período avaliado. Os resultados apontaram que os atacadistas comercializam com mais de um tipo de comprador, sendo os principais feirantes e supermercados, com ampla utilização da embalagem de madeira, caixa K, seguindo com 20,8% em caixas plásticas e 16,7% com caixas de papelão. Os permissionários comercializam o tomate classificado, seja manualmente (58,4%, ou usando máquinas (8,3% ou ambos os procedimentos (33,3%, porém os índices de padronização não são satisfatórios, encontrando-se numa mesma caixa mistura intensa de graus de coloração e tamanhos variados, o que leva a 45,8% do produto a ser reclassificado.The Terminal Markets are the main centers for distribution of vegetables, fruits and flowers from different States of Brazil. The CEAGESP wholesalers can be shippers or growers. The amount of tomato commercialized in these terminal markets is very expressive. It was possible to determine the profile and the main features of the wholesale market at CEAGESP. About 45.8% of the wholesalers had an average commercialization volume of 10,000 tons/year, and 70.8% of them commercialize their own production. Cultivars Carmen and Débora were the leaders on the market. The results

Economic analysis of the intercropping of lettuce and tomato in different seasons under protected cultivation Análise econômica de consórcios de alface e tomate estabelecidos em diferentes épocas em ambiente protegido

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Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho

2010-09-01

IP of 85%.A alface e o tomate são hortaliças que, em determinadas condições, podem ser cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Sob esta condição de cultivo, consorciá-las é uma alternativa para otimizar custos. Avaliou-se a viabilidade econômica de quatro cultivos consorciados de alface e tomate, em ambiente protegido, na UNESP, em Jaboticabal-SP. Os consórcios foram estabelecidos pelo transplante de alface 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT do tomate e vice-versa, em duas épocas (abril a setembro de 2003 e janeiro a junho de 2004, assim como monoculturas das duas hortaliças. Quando a alface foi transplantada 0, 10 e 20 dias após o transplante (DAT do tomate, na primeira época de cultivo, e 0 DAT, na segunda época, os lucros operacionais (LO foram superiores ao observado nas monoculturas. As taxas de retorno (TR, no primeiro cultivo, apresentaram o mesmo comportamento de LO, enquanto, na segunda época, TR dos consórcios foram inferiores às das monoculturas. Consórcios com o transplante do tomate após alface, na primeira e segunda época de cultivo, apresentaram LO superiores aos das monoculturas. TR de consórcios foram superiores às de monoculturas, independentemente da época em que foram estabelecidos. Os índices de lucratividade (IL da monocultura de tomate foram muito próximos aos do consórcio e maiores do que os da monocultura de alface. Os consórcios e monoculturas da primeira época apresentaram maiores TR, IL e LO do que na segunda época. Os indicadores econômicos ratificaram a viabilidade produtiva (expressa pelo índice de uso eficiente da área dos consórcios com transplante de alface e tomate simultaneamente, nas duas épocas; alface 10 e 20 DAT após tomate, na primeira época e; todos os consórcios com transplante de tomate após a alface. O melhor resultado econômico foi obtido no plantio de abril a setembro com transplantes das duas culturas na mesma data. Para essa condição, foram obtidos os maiores índices: LO m

Comparison of plant growth-promotion with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis in three vegetables Comparação da promoção de crescimento de plantas por Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Bacillus subtilis em três vegetais

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A.O. Adesemoye

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Our objective was to compare some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR properties of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as representatives of their two genera. Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, and Amaranthus sp. (African spinach were inoculated with the bacterial cultures. At 60 days after planting, dry biomass for plants treated with B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa increased 31% for tomato, 36% and 29% for okra, and 83% and 40% for African spinach respectively over the non-bacterized control. Considering all the parameters tested, there were similarities but no significant difference at P Nosso objetivo foi comparar as propriedades PGPR (rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas de Bacillus subtilis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Solanum licopersicum (tomate, Asbelmoschus esculentus (ocra e Amaranthus sp (espinafre africano foram inoculados com as culturas bacterianas. Após 60 dias de plantio, a biomassa seca das plantas tratadas com B.subtilis e P. aeruginosa aumentou 31% para o tomate, 36% e 29% para ocra, e 83% e 40% para espinafre africano, respectivamente, em comparação com o controle não inoculado. Considerando os parâmetros testados, o desempenho dos dois microrganismos foi similar, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p< 0,05.

Seguimiento del proceso de maduración del tomate (licopersicum esculentum mili) y desarrollo de normas preliminares de calidad

OpenAIRE

Fajardo C., Rosalba; Mahecha, Gabriela

2010-01-01

El presente trabajo describe los cambios de algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos, durante la maduración del tomate a temperatura ambiente, en las dos variedades más consumidas en Colombia como son el Chonto y el Milano. Se encontraron coeficientes de correlación significativos entre el tiempo de madurez y los siguientes parámetros: Pérdida de peso, viscosidad de la pulpa, dureza, índice de madurez, acidez, y vitamina C en las dos variedades. El pH sólo presentó correlación significativa para el ...

PROHEXADIONA-CA, UNA ALTERNATIVA EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.

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H. Ramírez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El tomate de cáscara, por su superficie cultivada y su constante aumento en el consumo per capita, se considera una de las principales hortalizas en México. Se cultiva en cualquier región del país, aunque con una producción media nacional por debajo de su potencial. Prohexadiona de Ca (P-Ca, es un retardante del crecimiento señalado recientemente como una alternativa prometedora en la horticultura moderna, principalmente para mejorar la producción y calidad del producto cosechado. Con base en lo anterior, se evaluaron los efectos de P-Ca sobre el crecimiento vegetativo y productivo; así como las propiedades químicas del fruto en tomate de cáscara. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones de P-Ca a diferentes dosis (0, 125, 175 y 200 mg·litro-1. La primera se realizó cuando las plantas presentaron primordios florales y la segunda 20 días después. Con un diseño en bloques completos al azar y una comparación de medias con la prueba DMS a una P¿0.05, se demostró que P-Ca redujo significativamente la altura de la planta, aumentó notablemente el número de frutos, el rendimiento por planta (200 mg·litro-1, el contenido de vitamina C en frutos (175 y 200 mg·litro-1 y la actividad enzimática catalasa (175 mg·litro-1. Las variables de tamaño y peso de fruto, el contenido de proteína, la actividad enzimática peroxidasa y el contenido mineral en fruto no fueron afectados por P-Ca.

Estudio de los componentes antioxidantes y actividad antioxidante en tomates

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Luz M. Zapata

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la concentración de los componentes antioxidantes presentes en el tomate y la actividad antioxidante total durante su crecimiento, almacenamiento, maduración y comercialización. Los antioxidantes analizados fueron: licopeno, β-caroteno, ácido L-ascórbico y fenoles totales. La actividad antioxidante se midió utilizando los métodos: "Ferric reducing/antioxidant power" (FRAP y decoloración del β-caroteno. Los antioxidantes ácido L-ascórbico, licopeno y β-caroteno fueron 2,6 veces mayor en la comercialización respecto de los valores iniciales, mientras que la actividad antioxidante en la última etapa fue 2,1 y 3,5 veces más alta que en el crecimiento para los métodos FRAP y decoloración de b-caroteno, respectivamente. En consecuencia, el consumidor dispone de un fruto rico en antioxidantes, lo que le atribuye la capacidad de captación de los radicales libres presentes en nuestro cuerpo que podrían disminuir los riesgos que contraer enfermedades crónicas.

DIAGNOSTIC OF TOMATO PRODUTION IN GOIANÁPOLIS, GOIÁS, BRAZIL DIAGNÓSTICO DA CULTURA DO TOMATE DE MESA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GOIANÁPOLIS, ESTADO DE GOIÁS, BRASIL

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José Ferreira de Noronha

2007-09-01

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This study was concerned with high utilization of pesticides in tomato production, its cost, profitability and enviromental and humam impacts, in the Region of Goianápolis, GO. The data coverd the 1999-2000 harvest. The results show that, amongst the 29 pesticides used by farmers, seven are extremely dangerous, four are very dangerous; eight are dangerous and ten are less dangerous, to human health and the enviroment. Tomatoe producers apply these pesticides, on the average, three times per week. Pesticide containers are disposed in three ways: burnned, burried ou sent to the county sanitary deposit. The Long Life type of tomato presented avergage productivity of 174 boxes/one thousand plants and the Santa Cruz type 130 boxes/one thousand plants. This type of tomatoe production costs were 3.58% higher than the Santa Cruz variety average productivity was 167 boxes/one thousand plants or 56.98 tons/hectare. The tomatoe production markets are the Ceasas in Goiânia and Anápolis and direct sales to buyers from several States. In this case farmers have no waranty that they will receive for their sales to other states. Payment is made by pre-dated check based on the buyers trust. But, it is not unusual to observe cases where final payment is not made and the producers assume total loss.

Este estudo foi realizado a partir de um censo entre 23 produtores de tomate de mesa. Procurou-se estudar as tecnologias utilizadas, a composição dos custos, a rentabilidade desta atividade e os meios de comercialização da produção do tomate de mesa na região de Goianápolis (GO, no período de setembro de 1999 a julho de 2000. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário individual aplicado aos produtores, que foram visitados periodicamente. Esses produtores foram agrupados de acordo com a tecnologia usada (grupos e

Asimetría en la transmisión de precios del tomate en el occidente de México

OpenAIRE

Imelda Rosana Cih Dzul; José Luis Jaramillo Villanueva; Miguel Ángel Martínez Damián; Rita Schwentesius Rindermann; Mario Alberto Tornero Campante

2013-01-01

Se utilizó el concepto de transmisión de precios para evaluar el proceso de integración vertical de un mercado agrícola y sus posibles implicaciones en la distribución de los márgenes de comercialización consumidor-productor. El objetivo del trabajo fue cuantificar y caracterizar la transmisión vertical de precios del tomate en el mercado de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Se utilizó un modelo económico de transmisión de precios estimado por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, porque las series de pr...

Evaluación de distintas materias primas para la producción de almácigo de tomate

OpenAIRE

Fernando Richmond

2010-01-01

Se evaluaron mezclas de materias primas naturales en diferentes proporciones y en el siguiente orden: fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera), aserrín de melina (Gmelina arborea) y abono orgánico Coope Victoria, para utilizarlos como sustrato en la etapa de almácigo de tomate híbrido FBM-17. Se hicieron mezclas entre sí de fibra de coco y aserrín de melina en diferentes proporciones (30%, 40% y 50% de cada material), para un total de 9 tratamientos; el abono orgánico se agregó para completar el 100%. ...

Reúso del tezontle: efecto en sus características físicas y en la producción de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

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Eduardo Rodríguez Díaz

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Se estudiaron los cambios en las propiedades físicas del Tezontle por efecto de su reúso como sustrato para el cultivo de tomate (primer uso T0, primer reúso T1 y segundo reúso T2, así como la influencia de dichos cambios en la producción. La investigación se realizó en Tlajomulco, Jalisco bajo invernadero, en un sistema hidropónico, de agosto de 2009 a septiembre de 2010. La variedad de tomate fue la SUN 7705. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y se evaluaron las propiedades físicas del sustrato (granulometría, densidad aparente, retención de humedad y aireación al inicio y al final de cada ciclo de cultivo; asimismo, la redistribución del tamaño de partículas, así como algunas variables de respuesta del cultivo (peso de fruto, grados Brix, altura de planta y diámetro de tallo. Se observó un aumento en la capacidad de retención de humedad del tezontle de 43% en T0, 46% en T1 y 48% en T2, una disminución de la capacidad de aireación de 12% en T0, 9% en T1 y 8% en T2, debido a cambios en la distribución del tamaño de partícula por el reúso; dichos cambios no afectaron agronómicamente las variables de peso de fruto y grados Brix; las diferencias estadísticas, solo fueron significativas en altura de planta y diámetro de tallo. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el tezontle como sustrato puede utilizarse durante tres ciclos consecutivos de cultivo de tomate hidropónico sin demeritar su productividad, permitiendo un ahorro aproximado de ciento sesenta mil pesos por hectárea por cada reúso.

Solanáceas em sistema orgânico no Brasil: tomate, batata e physalis

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Aniela Pilar Campos de Melo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa científica brasileira voltada para sistemas orgânicos ainda tem sido permeada por uma lógica baseada na mera substituição de insumos. Falta um aprofundamento em relação ao reconhecimento dos componentes dos sistemas de produção (ecofisiologia; manejo e fertilidade do solo; conservação de água e solo; manejo fitossanitário e como estes podem ser investigados de forma holística. Baseado em tais lacunas discute-se neste artigo de revisão as principais particularidades relacionadas a produção orgânica de tomate e batata, principais oleráceas da família Solanaceae, e de uma frutífera exótica potencial para sistemas orgânicos, a physalis (Physalis peruviana L..

Resíduos de agrotóxicos em frutos de tomate Pesticide residues in tomato fruits

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Leslie Maria Segura Zavatti

1999-03-01

Full Text Available O uso intensivo de agrotóxicos em culturas de tomates tem causado preocupações quanto à provável contaminação do produto final. Este trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar, por dois anos consecutivos, em quatro propriedades de uma área altamente tecnificada, o uso de agrotóxicos em tomate irrigado durante seu desenvolvimento, quantificar os resíduos dos principais princípios ativos utilizados, e avaliar o grau de contaminação dos frutos colhidos. Foram analisados metamidofós, clorpirifós, captan, clorotalonil, endosulfan, lambda-cialotrina, e cobre. Para avaliar o grau de contaminação dos frutos foi validado um método de análise de resíduos múltiplos capaz de quantificar esses compostos. Os resíduos encontrados foram de fungicidas e inseticidas aplicados nas fases de frutificação e maturação: captan, 0,35 mg/kg, na Fazenda 2; clorotalonil, 0,16 mg/kg e 0,95 mg/kg, nas Fazendas 1 e 2, respectivamente; lambda-cialotrina, 0,03 mg/kg, na Fazenda 2; cobre, 2,03 mg/kg, 3,75 mg/kg e 1,44mg/kg, nas Fazendas 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, e 0,95 mg/kg, 1,70 mg/kg e 2,31 mg/kg, na Fazenda 4. Não ocorreram resíduos dos inseticidas organofosforados, aplicados principalmente durante o desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura. Não houve contaminação dos tomates pelos agrotóxicos analisados. Os resíduos que devem ser monitorados são os dos agrotóxicos aplicados na fase de maturação da cultura.The intensive use of pesticide in tomato crops have been causing concern about a possible contamination of the final product. This work aimed at monitoring, for two years, in four farms located in a high technology area, the use of pesticides in irrigated tomato crops, quantifying the main active ingredient residues and evaluating the contamination level of the fruits. The components analised were: methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, captan, chlorothalonil, endosulfan, lambda-cyhalothrin and copper oxychloride. In order to evaluate the contamination

Plan de muestreo directo para Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae en cultivos comerciales de tomate

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Bernal Liliana

2008-08-01

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Los daños ocasionados por Trialeurodes vaporariorum generan pérdidas económicas que disminuyen la producción y pueden contribuir en el alza de los precios del tomate. Para su control se acude a aplicaciones continuas de insecticidas, sin obtener resultados satisfactorios. Como alternativa de control se realizan liberaciones del parasitoide E. formosa. Sin embargo, el éxito de este sistema implica estimar la densidad de la plaga a través de un método de muestreo adecuado. Por ello, se estandarizó un plan de muestreo directo, económicamente viable, para ninfas de mosca blanca en un cultivo comercial de tomate bajo invernadero. Se determinó la incidencia de prácticas de manejo y de la fenología en la distribución espacial de ninfas. En términos generales, el muestreo se dividió en tres etapas: 1 muestreo totalmente aleatorio, entre las 5 y 7 semanas después de la siembra (sds, para plantas no divididas en tercios; 2 muestreo aleatorio, entre las 8 y 16 sds, los conteos se realizaron en hojas del tercio inferior; 3 muestreo bietápico: planta y hoja, entre las 17 y 24 sds, los conteos se efectuaron sobre hojas de los tercios medio y superior. Se encontró que prácticas culturales como el despunte influyeron en la distribución espacial de las ninfas. La implementación del muestreo directo generó un incremento en la producción del 0,06% y permitió estimar la densidad de ninfas de Trialeurodes vaporariorum en el cultivo (con precisiones de 5%, 10% y 25% como criterio para liberar E. formosa.

INOCULACIÓN AL SUELO CON Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum oryzae, Bacillus subtilis Y MICROORGANISMOS DE MONTAÑA (MM Y SU EFECTO SOBRE UN SISTEMA DE ROTACIÓN SOYA-TOMATE BAJO CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO

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Leida Castro Barquero

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó un sistema de rotación soya- tomate, con incorporación de biomasa verde y aplicación de inóculos microbianos individuales y en mezcla sobre el crecimiento de las plantas y propiedades edáficas; para ello se evaluaron en invernadero por 24 meses los siguientes 9 trata - mientos: solo tomate (T; rotación tomate-soya (TS; rotación tomate-soya con inoculaciones individuales de Azospirillum oryzae (A; de Pseudomonas fluorescens (P; de Bacillus sub - tilis (B; de microorganismos de montaña (MM; y las inoculaciones en mezcla de B. subtilis y P. fluorescens (BP; de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens y A. oryzae ( BPA; d e B. subtilis , P. fluorescens , Azospirillum sp. y MM (BPAMM. Se evalua - ron las variables físicas: densidad aparente y de partículas; conductividad hidráulica; poros totales; estabilidad de agregados; resistencia a la penetración (RP; las variables químicas: pH; conductividad eléctrica; contenido de N y C; relación C/N; contenido de nutrientes en suelos y foliares; las variables biológicas: respiración de suelos, unidades formadoras de colonias de hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos y el peso fres - co y seco foliar. Las variables físicas no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos, con excepción de RP, que fue mayor en el tratamiento T. Las varia - bles biológicas y químicas fueron sensibles a los tratamientos, con valores significativamente más altos en presencia de MM. Destaca el incremento del P en solución de suelo en tratamientos a los que se adicionó MM: pasó de 6 a 20 mg.l -1 ; esta condición se reflejó además en la cantidad de P en el tejido foliar al final del ensayo. Se determi - nó que el pH, CE y la respiración del suelo fueron afectados por la interacción entre los tratamientos aplicados y el tiempo transcurrido; los mayores valores se obtuvieron al final del ensayo y en los tratamientos con MM.

VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA DE AISLAMIENTOS COLOMBIANOS DE Phytophthora infestans (Mont de Bary EN SOLANÁCEAS CULTIVADAS EN COLOMBIA GENETIC VARIABILITY OF ISOLATES OF Phytophthora infestans (Mont. de Bary IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS FROM COLOMBIA

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Natalia Raigosa Gómez

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Se estudio el nivel de variabilidad genética de una población de 35 aislamientos de Phytophthora infestans obtenidos en diferentes hospedantes y regiones geográficas de Colombia, mediante las técnicas de haplotipos mitocondriales y RAPD. Los resultados encontrados sugieren la existencia en el país de los haplotipos mitocondriales Ia en los aislamientos que afectan tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum y IIa en cultivos de papa; dichos haplotipos están asociados a los linajes genéticos EC-3 y EC-1, respectivamente. Sin embargo, tres aislamientos obtenidos en tomate de mesa (S. lycopersicum, pimentón (Capsicum sp. y pepino de agua (S. muricatum requieren de un análisis posterior, debido a la falta de correlación entre los perfiles de restricción generados con los cuatro pares de cebadores utilizados en esta prueba y los haplotipos mitocondriales mencionados en la literatura. De otra parte, mediante cuatro cebadores RAPD, fue posible encontrar variabilidad al interior de los dos linajes genéticos, siendo interesante el hecho que los aislamientos obtenidos en tomate de árbol (EC-3 fueron divididos en dos grupos, relacionados con una distancia genética de 0,17. Estos hallazgos indican que es importante contemplar las fuentes de variación asexual en el análisis de la estructura poblacional de este oomycete y por tanto en el diseño de las estrategias de control de las enfermedades que causa P. infestans en cultivos de solanáceas de importancia económica.The level of genetic variability of 35 isolates of Phytophthora infestans obtained from different hosts and geographical regions of Colombia was studied through mitochondrial haplotypes and RAPD techniques. Results suggested the existence of mitochondrial haplotypes Ia affecting tree tomato (Solanum betaceum and IIa in potato, which are associated with genetic lineages EC-3 and EC-1, respectively. However, three isolates obtained from tomato (S. lycopersicum, capsicum (Capsicum sp. and

Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Yield Component of Tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum L.

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R Mirzaei Talarposhti

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction Although using animal manures and crop residues as a traditional method for increasing soil fertility and crop yield has a long history but Conventional agricultural systems rely on the use of chemical fertilizer due to its immediate availability of nutrients. In many of modern agricultural systems using chemical fertilizers as a fast and easiest way to reduce nutrient deficiency and increasing soil fertility is considered. Intensive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers leads to decreasing the stability and sustainability of agricultural systems and also poses major threat to environment and human health. Organic fertilizers have positive effects on physiochemical and biological attributes of soil and could be classified in three different groups (i.e. Animal manures, green manure and composts.Using animal manure not only increase soil fertility but also could result in increasing infiltration, aeration and water holding capacity of soil. The main role of these fertilizers is related to physical change in soil. Different types of composts such as municipal waste compost and vermicompost also have similar positive effects, but usually the farmers observe the main effect of these organic fertilizers in long term. In order to investigate the effects of different types of organic fertilizers on growth indexes, yield and yield component of tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum L. current experiment was conducted. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD with three replications and six treatments in the research station of Shahid Beheshti University. The experimental treatments were: Control or no fertilizer (NF, chemical fertilizer (CF, cow manure (CM, poultry manure (PM, vermicompost (VC and municipal waste compost (MC. Considering nitrogen concentration in all of the treatments different amounts of these fertilizers were used based on nitrogen recommendation for the field, so in

Estudio del grado de madurez y/o maduración de tomates empleando técnicas espectroscópicas moleculares

OpenAIRE

Jurado Capel, Laura

2012-01-01

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster versa sobre el estudio de la madurez en tomates evaluando la evolución de distintos pigmentos (carotenos, tocoferoles, flavonoides)y otros compuestos como el glutamato monosódico. Para ello se hace uso de técnicas espectroscópicas moleculares donde el análisis de la muestra se aborda a través de dos estrategias diferentes que permita comparar el análisis directo sobre la piel del fruto mediante ATR-FTIR y análisis de extractos metanólicos de la piel mediante Fluore...

Armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada de tomates com injúria interna de impacto

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Moretti Celso Luiz

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A injúria interna de impacto causa redução significativa da qualidade de frutos de tomate. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização do armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada na redução do desenvolvimento de uma desordem de amadurecimento conhecida como injúria interna de impacto. Tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Solimar, foram colhidos no estádio de amadurecimento verde-maduro e tratados com etileno, por 12 horas, a 20degreesC. Ao atingirem o estádio verde-rosado, sofreram uma queda de 40 cm de altura sobre uma superfície plana, lisa e maciça. Metade dos frutos foi então armazenada sobre atmosfera controlada (3% O2; 4% CO2; balanço com N2 por 8 dias a 20degreesC e 85-95% de umidade relativa, e então foram transferidos para atmosfera ambiente até completamente maduros. A outra metade dos frutos foi mantida continuamente em atmosfera ambiente à mesma temperatura e umidade relativa. Quando estavam completamente maduros, os frutos que sofreram injúria mecânica, armazenados sob atmosfera controlada e sob atmosfera ambiente, desenvolveram sintomas de injúria interna de impacto no tecido locular. O armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada não produziu efeitos significativos no conteúdo de vitamina C total e carotenóides totais para o pericarpo e o tecido locular injuriados. Entretanto, o tecido locular injuriado do tratamento armazenado sob atmosfera controlada possuía acidez titulável 15% superior (ao redor de 162 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 do que o tratamento sob atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 140 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 e era similar ao tratamento não injuriado, armazenado em atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 174 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1. O tecido pericárpico da região injuriada possuía atividade da poligalacturonase similar para os tratamentos armazenados sob ar ou sob atmosfera controlada. O extravasamento de eletrólitos do pericarpo injuriado foi similar para os tratamentos sob atmosfera

Optimization of productivity and quality of irrigated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by smallholder farmers in the Central Rift Valley area of Oromia, Ethiopia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gemechis, Ambecha O.

2017-01-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vegetable crop with high potential to contribute to poverty reduction via increased income and food security. It is widely grown by smallholders, has high productivity and its demand is increasing. Ethiopia produced about 30,700 Mg of tomatoes on

The Solanum lycopersicum WRKY3 Transcription Factor SlWRKY3 Is Involved in Salt Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hichri, I.; Muhovski, Y.; Žižková, Eva; Dobrev, Petre; Gharbi, E.; Franco-Zorrilla, J.M.; Lopez-Vidriero, I.; Solano, R.; Clippe, A.; Errachid, A.; Motyka, Václav; Lutts, S.

2017-01-01

Roč. 8, JUL 31 (2017), č. článku 1343. ISSN 1664-462X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA16-14649S Institutional support: RVO:61389030 Keywords : agrobacterium-mediated transformation * transgenic arabidopsis plants * dna-binding * salinity tolerance * defense responses * drought tolerance * abiotic stresses * water-stress * genes * tobacco * Solanum lycopersicum * SlWRKY3 * transcription factor * salinity tolerance * plant physiology Subject RIV: EF - Botanics OBOR OECD: Plant sciences, botany Impact factor: 4.298, year: 2016

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN NUTRIENT ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS ACCUMULATION AND YIELD OF SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM

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Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This study investigated photosynthetic pigment accumulation and yield of Solanum lycopersicum so as to ascertain the maximum concentration of nitrogen needed for optimum production. Seeds of S. lycopersicum tagged with VG-TH-017 were firstly raised in nursery bed. At the end of 28th day after sowing, the seedlings with uniform height were transplanted into experimental pots with 4 seedlings per pot under greenhouse. All the experimental pots were 40 in total, 4 levels of nitrogen (KNO3 and NH4NO3 treatment (n, N, 5N, 10N with 10 replicates. All the plants in the four treatments received 200ml of distilled water at 6a.m. in the morning every day. At 6p.m. in the evening, 100 ml of the differential treatments were applied. The photosynthetic pigments were determined spectrophotometrically. The number of flowers and fruits per plant per pot were counted and recorded. The fruit lengths and fruit diameters in each treatment were determined with the use of a Vernier Caliper. The fruits biomass were also determined. The 10N-plants and 5N-plants had leaves with deep-green colouration indicating an increase in chlorophyll content as well as an increase in the photosynthetic capacity. The highest number of flowers and early flowering discovered in 10N-plants and 5N-plants. The best yield was obtained in the treatments for the 5N-plants in which the concentration of nitrogen in the nutrient solution had been increased to a factor of 5. It is therefore suggested that when the seeds of tomato plants VG-TH-017 are to be grown, the 5N treatment is the most suitable level of application.

Relações genotípicas entre componentes da resistência pós-colheita em tomate Cereja e Salada Genotypic relationships between components of postharvest resistance of Cherry and Salad tomato

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Fábio Moreira Sobreira

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a necessidade de realizar análise de trilha individualizada para tomates tipo Salada (L. esculentum e Cereja (L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, visando obter informações sobre quais variáveis estão relacionadas com a resistência pós-colheita (RPC, e orientar a seleção de materiais para programas de melhoramento. Realizaram-se análises de variâncias, correlações genotípicas, diagnóstico de multicolinearidade e o desdobramento das correlações genotípicas por meio de análise de trilha. As variáveis mais explicativas da RPC em tomates tipo Salada foram o diâmetro da cicatriz do pedúnculo (DCP e o diâmetro médio do fruto (DMF; a espessura do mesocarpo (ESP e o peso médio dos frutos (PMF em tipo Cereja. Em tomates Cereja, ganhos podem ser obtidos na RPC por meio de seleção indireta via ESP. Estes serão maiores se dentre os frutos de maior ESP forem selecionados os de menor PMF. No caso de Salada, deve-se selecionar indiretamente os frutos de menor DCP e dentre estes os de maior DMF. A análise de trilha deve ser realizada considerando cada tipo de tomate, visto que as variáveis explicativas diferem entre estes.This study aimed to evaluate the need for individual path analysis to Cherry (L. esculentum var. cerasiforme and Salad (L. esculentum tomatoes type, seeking information about which variables are associated with post-harvest resistance (PHR, and guide the selection of material for breeding programs. We performed the variance analysis, genotypic correlations, multicolinearity diagnosis, and the display of genotypic correlations through path analysis. The more explicatory variables of PHR in Salad tomatoes type were the peduncle scar diameter (PSD and the fruit mean diameter (FMD; the mesocarp thickness (MST and fruit mean weight (FMW in cherry type. For Cherry tomatoes, gains can be obtained in the PHR through indirect selection by MST. This will be greatest if among the fruits with more

Manejo da solução nutritiva sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de tomate salada fertirrigado em areia

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Hideaki Wilson Takahashi

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de manejos e concentrações da solução nutritiva em fertirrigação, em cultivo protegido, sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de tomate de mesa. Os tratamentos consistiram do manejo da solução nutritiva, tendo como base a condutividade elétrica (CE e a concentração individual de íons (CI do lixiviado, nas concentrações iniciais de 1,6 e 3,2 dS m-1. Os frutos foram avaliados quanto aos teores de macrominerais, sólidos solúveis totais (SST, vitamina C, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e compostos antioxidantes. Os teores de N, P e S foram maiores no manejo da solução nutritiva com base na CI, independentemente da concentração inicial de íons. Os teores de K e Ca apresentaram efeitos da interação entre a forma de manejo e a concentração de íons, enquanto o teor de Mg não foi influenciado pelos fatores estudados. O teor de vitamina C e a atividade antioxidante foram maiores no manejo da solução com base em CE, enquanto o teor de fenóis e flavonoides foi maior no manejo da solução com base em CI. O tipo de manejo e a concentração da solução nutritiva em fertirrigação afetam a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de tomate.

CARACTERIZACIÓN SEROLÓGICA Y MOLECULAR DE POTYVIRUS ASOCIADOS A LA VIROSIS DEL TOMATE DE ARBOL EN ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA

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Mariluz Ayala Vásquez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available El tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum es una fruta andina altamente nutritiva, con propiedades organolépticas únicas para el procesamiento industrial y el mercado internacional. En Antioquia, este cultivo presenta diferentes problemas fitosanitarios, siendo especialmente limitante la Virosis, causada por un complejo viral del que hacen parte entre otras, especies del género Potyvirus. En este trabajo se evaluaron mediante pruebas de ELISA los niveles de incidencia de este grupo viral en cultivos de siete zonas del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia y se determinó la identidad taxonómica de dos de los potyvirus asociados al cultivo. Las pruebas serológicas muestran la presencia de potyvirus en seis de las siete zonas evaluadas, alcanzando niveles superiores al 80% de incidencia, siendo la excepción los cultivos del municipio de Jardín (8%. Pruebas serológicas con anticuerpos específicos para PVY, identificaron a este virus como uno de los presentes en algunas de las muestras sintomáticas colectadas; mientras que análisis de secuencias de amplicones obtenidos mediante RT-PCR, detectaron un nuevo potyvirus, para el que se propone el nombre Tamarillo Leaf Malformation Virus (TaLMV, aunque es necesario completar la secuencia de su genoma para confirmar la validez de esta hipótesis taxonómica. Esta investigación representa un avance importante en el conocimiento que se tiene en Colombia sobre los agentes causales virales del tomate de árbol. Sin embargo, es necesario profundizar en aspectos como los mecanismos de transmisión de estos virus y los efectos individuales y de su interacción sobre las variedades de este cultivo en el país.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS STERILANTS AND CULTURE CONDITIONS ON IN-VITRO SEED GERMINATION IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM)

OpenAIRE

K.B.Himabindu; M.Shanthi Priya; D.Mohan Reddy; P.Sudhakar; Y.Srinivasulu; M.Reddisekhar; P.Latha; B.Rupesh Kumar Reddy

2012-01-01

Studies on the effectiveness of various sterilants and culture conditions on in-vitro seed germination in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. PKM-1 revealed that among three sterilants used, surface sterilization of seeds with 5 % NaOCl for 20 minutes was found to be more effective resulting in high germination rate and contamination free cultures. Similarly among the different media and culture conditions considered in the present experiment, MS medium without sucrose with dark incubation f...

cDNA cloning and expression analyses of phytoene synthase 1, phytoene desaturase and ζ-carotene desaturase genes from Solanum lycopersicum KKU-T34003

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Krittaya Supathaweewat

2013-10-01

Full Text Available We report on the cloning of Psy1, Pds and Zds cDNAs encoding the enzymes responsible for lycopene biosynthesis,namely phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1, phytoene desaturase (PDS and -carotene desaturase (ZDS, respectively, from high-lycopene tomato cultivar, Solanum lycopersicum KKU-T34003. DNA sequence analyses showed that the complete openreading frames of Psy1, Pds and Zds cDNAs were 1,239, 1,752 and 1,767 base pairs in length and encoded proteins of 412,583 and 588 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic and the conserved domain analyses suggest that PSY1, PDS and ZDSfrom S. lycopersicum KKU-T34003 potentially have similar structures and biological functions to the corresponding proteinsfrom other plants. Gene expression studies showed that Psy1 was expressed only in the petal and the breaker fruit, whereasthe expressions of Pds and Zds were observed in the petal, the breaker fruit and the leaf. The highest expression level for allgenes was detected in the breaker-stage fruit, suggesting that carotenoid accumulation was developmentally regulated inthe chromoplast-containing tissues.

Quantification of vitamin D3 and its hydroxylated metabolites in waxy leaf nightshade (Solanum glaucophyllum Desf.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jäpelt, Rie Bak; Silvestro, Daniele; Smedsgaard, Jørn

2013-01-01

Changes in vitamin D3 and its metabolites were investigated following UVB- and heat-treatment in the leaves of Solanum glaucophyllum Desf., Solanum lycopersicum L. and Capsicum annuum L. The analytical method used was a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem ...

Evaluación de acolchados para el control de la flora arvense en un cultivo de tomate: dos años de resultados

OpenAIRE

Cirujeda Ranzenberger, Alicia; Aibar Lete, Joaquín; Zaragoza Larios, Carlos; Anzalone, Alvaro; Gutiérrez López, Miguel; Fernández Cavada Labat, Sonsoles; Pardo Iglesias, Alfonso; Suso Martínez de Bujo, María Luisa; Royo, A.; Martín, L.; Moreno, M.M.; Moreno, A.; Meco, R.; Lahoz, I.; Macua, J.I.

2008-01-01

En el presente proyecto se estudian alternativas al uso de acolchado plástico con polietileno, el cual es un residuo de difícil gestión tanto en producción hortícola ecológica como en convencional. Durante los años 2006 y 2007 se han llevado a cabo diez ensayos de campo en tomate de industria regado por goteo en cinco distintos lugares de España. Se han ensayado diferentes materiales biodegradables: dos plásticos biodegradables (Mater-Bi y Biofilm), un plástico oxobiodegradable (Enviroplast),...

Utilização do ágar suco de tomate (ágar V8 na identificação presuntiva de Candida dubliniensis

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Alves Sydney Hartz

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a capacidade do ágar suco de tomate (ágar V8 em diferenciar Candida dubliniensis de Candida albicans com base na produção de clamidoconídios. Noventa e três isolados de Candida albicans e vinte e seis de Candida dubliniensis foram incluídos; 100% de Candida dubliniensis formaram clamidoconídios e 92,5% de Candida albicans não evidenciaram estas estruturas. Estes resultados permitem sugerir este meio como recurso alternativo na identificação presuntiva de Candida dubliniensis.

CAPACIDAD GERMINATIVA DE GENOTIPOS DE TOMATE (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. BAJO ESTRESES ABIÓTICOS EN DIFERENTES FOTOPERIODOS

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Clotilde Andrade

2016-04-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar y seleccionar genotipos de tomate capaces de germinar bajo estreses abióticos. El experimento se realizó, en el laboratorio del Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP de la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (UPSE, donde se probaron semillas de tomate provenientes del agricultor y certificadas, la germinación se realizó en varios días y en diferentes concentraciones de Manitol; 0 (Control, 125, 175, 225, 275 y 325mM y NaCl 0 (Control, 75, 125 y 175 mM, con dos fotoperiodos diferentes, considerando 8 y 24 horas de oscuridad, la variable evaluada fue porcentaje de germinación, cuyos datos fueron transformados a raíz de equis más uno, para luego ser procesados mediante un análisis combinado. En lo que respecta a los resultados, en las pruebas con Manitol, el Análisis de Varianza (ANDEVA, muestra diferencias estadísticas significativas al nivel del 1% de probabilidades para localidades (Días a germinación, Factor A (Concentraciones y para la Interacción AxB, pero no para Factor B (Fotoperiodos, que fue no significativo. En cuanto al porcentaje de germinación, cuando se probó la solución de manitol, a los días 6, 10, 13 y 15 los resultados fueron similares, tanto para la semilla certificada como la proveniente del agricultor, pues en ambos casos respondieron con porcentajes superiores al 7% en bajas concentraciones, mientras que en altas concentraciones de manitol fue la semilla proveniente del agricultor la que tuvo una germinación de hasta el 3%. Así también, cuando se analizó la influencia de los fotoperiodos, se encontró que el mayor porcentaje de germinación se dio para semilla proveniente del agricultor con el 6% y en la certificada con el 4%, a 24 horas de oscuridad en ambos casos, encontrándose un aumento del 2% de germinación entre el primer y último día de la evaluación. En lo que se refiere a las pruebas realizadas

Detection of an inversion in the Ty-2 region between S. lycopersicum and S. habrochaites by a combination of de novo genome assembly and BAC cloning.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolters, Anne-Marie A; Caro, Myluska; Dong, Shufang; Finkers, Richard; Gao, Jianchang; Visser, Richard G F; Wang, Xiaoxuan; Du, Yongchen; Bai, Yuling

2015-10-01

A chromosomal inversion associated with the tomato Ty - 2 gene for TYLCV resistance is the cause of severe suppression of recombination in a tomato Ty - 2 introgression line. Among tomato and its wild relatives inversions are often observed, which result in suppression of recombination. Such inversions hamper the transfer of important traits from a related species to the crop by introgression breeding. Suppression of recombination was reported for the TYLCV resistance gene, Ty-2, which has been introgressed in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from the wild relative S. habrochaites accession B6013. Ty-2 was mapped to a 300-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 11. The suppression of recombination in the Ty-2 region could be caused by chromosomal rearrangements in S. habrochaites compared with S. lycopersicum. With the aim of visualizing the genome structure of the Ty-2 region, we compared the draft de novo assembly of S. habrochaites accession LYC4 with the sequence of cultivated tomato ('Heinz'). Furthermore, using populations derived from intraspecific crosses of S. habrochaites accessions, the order of markers in the Ty-2 region was studied. Results showed the presence of an inversion of approximately 200 kb in the Ty-2 region when comparing S. lycopersicum and S. habrochaites. By sequencing a BAC clone from the Ty-2 introgression line, one inversion breakpoint was identified. Finally, the obtained results are discussed with respect to introgression breeding and the importance of a priori de novo sequencing of the species involved.

Genome-wide identification of galactinol synthase (GolS) genes in Solanum lycopersicum and Brachypodium distachyon.

Science.gov (United States)

Filiz, Ertugrul; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker; Vatansever, Recep

2015-10-01

GolS genes stand as potential candidate genes for molecular breeding and/or engineering programs in order for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plant species. In this study, a total of six galactinol synthase (GolS) genes/proteins were retrieved for Solanum lycopersicum and Brachypodium distachyon. GolS protein sequences were identified to include glyco_transf_8 (PF01501) domain structure, and to have a close molecular weight (36.40-39.59kDa) and amino acid length (318-347 aa) with a slightly acidic pI (5.35-6.40). The sub-cellular location was mainly predicted as cytoplasmic. S. lycopersicum genes located on chr 1 and 2, and included one segmental duplication while genes of B. distachyon were only on chr 1 with one tandem duplication. GolS sequences were found to have well conserved motif structures. Cis-acting analysis was performed for three abiotic stress responsive elements, including ABA responsive element (ABRE), dehydration and cold responsive elements (DRE/CRT) and low-temperature responsive element (LTRE). ABRE elements were found in all GolS genes, except for SlGolS4; DRE/CRT was not detected in any GolS genes and LTRE element found in SlGolS1 and BdGolS1 genes. AU analysis in UTR and ORF regions indicated that SlGolS and BdGolS mRNAs may have a short half-life. SlGolS3 and SlGolS4 genes may generate more stable transcripts since they included AATTAAA motif for polyadenylation signal POLASIG2. Seconder structures of SlGolS proteins were well conserved than that of BdGolS. Some structural divergences were detected in 3D structures and predicted binding sites exhibited various patterns in GolS proteins. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) F2 population segregation for improving shelf life.

Science.gov (United States)

Yogendra, K N; Ramanjini Gowda, P H

2013-02-27

Breeding for better quality fruits is a major focus for tomatoes, which are continuously subjected to post-harvest losses. Several methods have been used to improve the fruit shelf life of tomatoes, including the use of ripening gene mutants of Solanum lycopersicum. We developed extended shelf-life tomato hybrids with better quality fruits using ripening mutants. Nine tomato crosses were developed using 3 fruit ripening gene mutants of S. lycopersicum [alcobaca (alc), non-ripening, and ripening inhibitor] and 3 agronomically superior Indian cultivars ('Sankranti', 'Vaibhav', and 'Pusaruby') with short shelf life. The hybrid progenies developed from alc x 'Vaibhav' had the highest extended shelf life (up to 40 days) compared with that of other varieties and hybrids. Further, the F(2) progenies of alc x 'Vaibhav' were evaluated for fruit quality traits and yield parameters. A wide range of genetic variability was observed in shelf life (5-106 days) and fruit firmness (0.55-10.65 lbs/cm(2)). The potential polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers underlying shelf life traits were identified in an F(2) mapping population. The marker association with fruit quality traits and yield was confirmed with single-marker analysis and composite interval mapping. The genetic parameters analyzed in the parents and F(1) and F(2) populations indicated that the cross between the cultivar 'Vaibhav' and ripening gene mutant alc yielded fruit with long shelf life and good quality.

Pollination deficit in open-field tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae in Rio de Janeiro state, Southeast Brazil

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Maria Cristina Gaglianone

2013-10-01

Full Text Available More than 70% of world’s crops benefit from biotic pollination, and bees are their main pollinators. Despite the fact that some of these insects have been broadly studied, understanding the interactions between plant crops and their pollinators with a local scale approach is necessary when aiming to apply proper protective and management measures to pollinators and their respective crops. In this context, we analyzed the pollination status of open-field tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L., regarding fruit-set, visitation rate and the quality of fruits. We recorded the formation of fruits through spontaneous self-pollination and open-pollination, and the occurrence of pollinators in 24 areas of open-field tomato crops. We performed experiments of apomixis, spontaneous self-pollination, manual cross pollination and supplemental cross pollination (simulating the pollinator behavior in a greenhouse. The fruit quality was evaluated according to circumference, weight, volume and number of seeds. Higher production of fruits after open-pollination compared to spontaneous self-pollination indicates the importance of pollinators to increment productivity of S. lycopersicum in the study area. The circumference and the number of seeds from tomatoes of the greenhouse plantation did not differ between spontaneous self-pollination and the manual cross pollination. In the open-field crops the number of seeds was higher for fruits resulting from open-pollination. Our results indicate that the importance of bees is mainly related to the increase in fruit production, thus incrementing the productivity of tomato crops.

Pollination deficit in open-field tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae in Rio de Janeiro state, Southeast Brazil

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Mariana Scaramussa Deprá

2014-02-01

Full Text Available More than 70% of world’s crops benefit from biotic pollination, and bees are their main pollinators. Despite the fact that some of these insects have been broadly studied, understanding the interactions between plant crops and their pollinators with a local scale approach is necessary when aiming to apply proper protective and management measures to pollinators and their respective crops. In this context, we analyzed the pollination status of open-field tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L., regarding fruit-set, visitation rate and the quality of fruits. We recorded the formation of fruits through spontaneous self-pollination and open-pollination, and the occurrence of pollinators in 24 areas of open-field tomato crops. We performed experiments of apomixis, spontaneous self-pollination, manual cross pollination and supplemental cross pollination (simulating the pollinator behavior in a greenhouse. The fruit quality was evaluated according to circumference, weight, volume and number of seeds. Higher production of fruits after open-pollination compared to spontaneous self-pollination indicates the importance of pollinators to increment productivity of S. lycopersicum in the study area. The circumference and the number of seeds from tomatoes of the greenhouse plantation did not differ between spontaneous self-pollination and the manual cross pollination. In the open-field crops the number of seeds was higher for fruits resulting from open-pollination. Our results indicate that the importance of bees is mainly related to the increase in fruit production, thus incrementing the productivity of tomato crops.

Controle do tombamento de plântulas de beterraba e tomate pelo tratamento de sementes com quitosana Control of beet and tomato damping-off by seed treatment with chitosan

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Sérgio Miguel Mazaro

2009-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes, com o indutor de resistência quitosana, sobre o tombamento de plântulas de beterraba e tomate, e sua relação com alterações bioquímicas e a defesa vegetal. Cada parcela foi representada por 25 sementes. Os tratamentos consistiram da imersão das sementes em quitosana nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4%. Posteriormente, as sementes foram semeadas em bandejas com o substrato infectado com Rhizoctonia sp., e mantidas em casa de vegetação por 14 dias. A quitosana induziu a resistência das plântulas de beterraba e tomate e reduziu a incidência de tombamento. As concentrações de 1,1 e 2,5% apresentaram maior eficiência na redução do tombamento, para as culturas da beterraba e tomate, respectivamente. O uso da quitosana induz o aumento na atividade da enzima fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL e interfere nas variáveis bioquímicas foliares de proteínas e açúcares totais e redutores.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed treatment using the resistance inductor chitosan to control damping-off in tomato and beet seedlings, and its relationship with plant biochemical alterations and plant protection. Each plot was represented by twenty-five seeds. Treatments consisted of seed immersion in a chitosan suspension at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% concentrations. Seeds were then sowed in trays with a substrate infected with Rhizoctonia sp. and maintained in greenhouse conditions for 14 days. Chitosan induced seedling resistance and reduced damping-off. The 1.1 and 2.5% concentrations were more efficient in controling the damping-off for beet and tomato crops respectively. Chitosan increases the phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL activity and interferes with the total proteins and total and reduced sugars rates in the leaves.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E ACEITABILIDADE DA SARDINHA (SARDINELLA BRASILIENSIS EM CONSERVA ADICIONADA DE MOLHO COM TOMATE

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Janise Pedroso COLEMBERGUE

2011-04-01

Full Text Available O pescado é um alimento rico em proteínas, minerais, vitaminas e possui fácil digestão. A procura por alimentos prontos para o consumo, como pescado em conserva, ainda é uma opção interessante para o consumidor, devido ao tempo reduzido de preparação. As características sensoriais estão entre os principais determinantes na aquisição, consumo, aceitação e preferência dos produtos alimentícios por diferentes faixas etárias. A aceitabilidade da sardinha (Sardinella brasiliensis em conserva de molho de tomate foi avaliada por 50 provadores não treinados em ambiente laboratorial através de uma fi cha com escala hedônica de nove pontos. Além disso, a determinação da composição química foi realizada e comparada com os valores declarados no rótulo do produto. A aceitação obtida para este tipo de conserva foi de 84% e a média de pontuação de 7.56, sendo esta caracterizada entre “gostei” e “gostei muito”, observou-se ainda que 54% dos julgadores possuíam hábitos de consumir pescado em conserva. A composição química da sardinha em conserva obtida foi de 62,44±0,33% de umidade, 2,7±0,22% de resíduo mineral fi xo, 19,35±1,05% de proteínas e 15,11±0,6% de lipídios totais, apresentando-se de acordo com a rotulagem, exceto para o teor de lipídio. Este estudo permitiu observar a grande aceitabilidade da sardinha (Sardinella brasiliensis em conserva de molho com tomate, mesmo entre os julgadores que não possuíam o hábito de consumi-lo.

Sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina em Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomate para processamento industrial

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Quezado-Duval Alice Maria

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Apesar de amplamente empregados em lavouras de tomate para processamento industrial no Brasil, fungicidas cúpricos e antibióticos registrados para uso agrícola nem sempre resultam em controle eficiente das bacterioses que afetam a cultura. O aparecimento de estirpes resistentes é uma das causas dessa baixa eficiência. Avaliou-se, in vitro, a sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina de 389 isolados de Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomateiro, sendo 92 de X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (60 do grupo "A"/raça T1 e 32 do "C"/raça T3, 93 de X. vesicatoria (grupo "B"/raça T2 e 204 de X. gardneri (grupo "D"/raça T2. Os isolados foram obtidos de plantas doentes em campos comerciais de tomate para processamento industrial nos estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco e Bahia, nos anos de 1995 a 1998 e em 2000. Alíquotas de 5 ml de suspensões bacterianas foram depositadas em meio Nutriente-Ágar suplementado com sulfato de cobre, nas concentrações de 50 e 200 µg/ml; sulfato de estreptomicina, a 25 e 200 µg/ml e cloridrato de oxitetraciclina, a 25 µg/ml. Nenhum isolado foi resistente a oxitetraciclina, como também nenhum foi resistente ao cobre na concentração de 200 µg/ml do sulfato de cobre. No entanto, houve diferença entre isolados quanto à sensibilidade ao sulfato de cobre na concentração de 50 µg/ml e ao sulfato de estreptomicina nas duas concentrações empregadas. As freqüências de isolados de X. gardneri, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (grupos "A" e "C" e X. vesicatoria resistentes à estreptomicina (25 µg/ml do produto usado foram, respectivamente, 98%, 38% e 2%, ao passo que, ao cobre, foram, respectivamente, 48%, 4% e 74%. Todos os isolados do grupo "C" foram sensíveis à estreptomicina e 97% sensíveis ao cobre.

Processamento e caracterização físico-química de néctar goiaba-tomate

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Rodrigo Leite Moura

2014-08-01

Full Text Available A formulação de blends está cada vez mais incrementada e inovadora, buscando o equilíbrio na junção de fatores que tenham como objetivo proporcionar o enriquecimento nutricional e funcional, sem deixar de lado o aspecto sensorial do produto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar néctares mistos de goiaba e tomate em diferentes concentrações e avaliar a caracterização físico-química destas formulações. Foram determinadas a acidez total titulável (ATT, pH, teor de água, atividade de água (Aw, cinzas, sólidos solúveis (ºBrix, açúcares redutores, totais e não-redutores, e os parâmetros instrumentais de cor para luminosidade (L*, intensidade de vermelho (+a* e intensidade de amarelo (+b*. Os néctares de goiaba e tomate apresentaram elevador teor de água e altos valores de Aw, com pH dentro da faixa ácida (≤ 4,5. A formulação destes néctares resultou em amostras com cores mais claras, na medida em que se aumentou a concentração de polpa de goiaba. A elevação da proporção desta polpa influenciou o pH, o percentual de cinzas, o teor de água e a Aw. De acordo com a legislação vigente os parâmetros de ºBrix, acidez, açúcares totais atenderam aos padrões mínimos exigidos. Ressalta-se que os valores médios de pH e acidez, favorecem a conservação destas bebidas, não havendo necessidade da adição de ácido cítrico, para inibir a proliferação de leveduras, contribuindo para garantir a segurança alimentar.

ESTABILIDADE DO MOLHO DE TOMATE EM DIFERENTES EMBALAGENS DE CONSUMO

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Sandra Balan Mendoza JAIME

1998-05-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade do molho de tomate em diferentes embalagens de consumo (vidro, metálica e cartonada, após simulação de transporte e estocagem a 23 e 35oC, por um período 240 dias ao abrigo da luz. O parâmetro de cor avaliado separadamente não influenciou significativamente a perda de qualidade dos produtos a 23oC, mas teve influência significativa à 35oC. O molho de tomate acondicionado na embalagem cartonada apresentou maior perda de cor em relação às demais, devido às características intrínsecas deste tipo de embalagem, sobretudo sua maior permeabilidade ao oxigênio, provocando um maior escurecimento e a conseqüente redução na vida útil do produto. Considerando-se este aspecto, a taxa de deterioração da cor na embalagem cartonada, comparativamente às demais foi, em termos médios, cerca de 1,7 e 1,9 vezes superior às embalagens metálicas e de vidro, nas temperaturas de 23 e 35oC, respectivamente. O parâmetro sensorial mais crítico e utilizado como indicativo da vida útil foi a perda de qualidade (PQ, uma vez que englobou as alterações de cor e sabor do produto. O molho acondicionado na embalagem cartonada apresentou valores de PQ entre 3,5 e 4,1 vezes superior aos valores obtidos para o produto nas embalagens de vidro e metálica à 23oC, respectivamente. Na temperatura de 35oC, as taxas foram 2,1 e 1,6 vezes superiores, respectivamente. De forma geral, as embalagens de vidro e metálicas apresentaram um desempenho similar entre si, com melhores características de proteção ao produto, devido à barreira oferecida quanto à entrada de oxigênio.The aim of this study was to investigate the tomato sauce stability in different types of commercial packages (glass, can and aseptic carton, after transport simulation and storage protected from light at 23 and 35oC during 240 days. Color characteristics apart-evaluated not influenced the product loss quality at 23oC, but has

Detection of biosynthetic gene and phytohormone production by endophytic actinobacteria associated with Solanum lycopersicum and their plant-growth-promoting effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Passari, Ajit Kumar; Chandra, Preeti; Zothanpuia; Mishra, Vineet Kumar; Leo, Vincent Vineeth; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Kumar, Brijesh; Singh, Bhim Pratap

2016-10-01

In the present study, fifteen endophytic actinobacterial isolates recovered from Solanum lycopersicum were studied for their antagonistic potential and plant-growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Among them, eight isolates showed significant antagonistic and PGP traits, identified by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. Isolate number DBT204, identified as Streptomyces sp., showed multiple PGP traits tested in planta and improved a range of growth parameters in seedlings of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (S. lycopersicum L.). Further, genes of indole acetic acid (iaaM) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (acdS) were successively amplified from five strains. Six antibiotics (trimethoprim, fluconazole, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, rifampicin and streptomycin) and two phytohormones [indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KI)] were detected and quantified in Streptomyces sp. strain DBT204 using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The study indicates the potential of these PGP strains for production of phytohormones and shows the presence of biosynthetic genes responsible for production of secondary metabolites. It is the first report showing production of phytohormones (IAA and KI) by endophytic actinobacteria having PGP and biosynthetic potential. We propose Streptomyces sp. strain DBT204 for inoculums production and development of biofertilizers for enhancing growth of chili and tomato seedlings. Copyright © 2016 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de tomate cv. Andréa tratados com etileno Postharvest quality of tomato fruits cv. Andréa treated with ethylene

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Caroline Andreuccetti

2007-03-01

Full Text Available O tomate é uma das principais hortaliças cultivadas no Brasil e tratamentos que propiciem o controle do amadurecimento são extremamente desejáveis. Avaliou-se a qualidade pós-colheita de tomates tipo italiano tratados com etileno. Tomates 'Andréa' foram colhidos em campos de produção comercial no estádio verde-maduro, selecionados para presença de danos externos e classificados quanto ao tamanho e cor e posteriormente foram tratados com 100 µL L-1 de etileno. Os ensaios foram planejados com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial com quatro tratamentos e quinze repetições (n=10. Após a aplicação, os frutos foram divididos em dois lotes. Um lote permaneceu a 20º±1ºC e outro foi mantido a 12,5º±1ºC, ambos sob umidade relativa 90±5%. Tomates do tratamento controle foram mantidos nas mesmas condições de temperatura e umidade relativa. Os frutos foram avaliados após cada mudança de estádio de amadurecimento para as seguintes variáveis: coloração externa (L*a*b*, perda de massa, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável e teor de ácido ascórbico. A aplicação de etileno não influenciou de maneira significativa as variáveis químicas e físicas estudadas. Frutos armazenados à temperatura de 20ºC demonstraram maior porcentagem de perda de massa ao longo do amadurecimento, com média de 2,60%. A relação brix/acidez apresentou pouca variação entre os tratamentos avaliados. Frutos do tratamento controle e mantidos à temperatura de 20ºC apresentaram mudança de coloração mais rápida no início dos experimentos, não sendo observada posteriormente diferença significativa no desenvolvimento da cor dos tratamentos avaliados. O tratamento com etileno não acelerou de forma significativa o amadurecimento de tomates 'Andréa' armazenado sob as duas temperaturas estudadas.Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and treatments that facilitate ripening control are

Estudios genéticos básicos para la creación de nuevos cultivares de tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., adaptados a las condiciones de Colombia: interpretación in6tegral de la investigación

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Vallejo Cabrera Franco Alirio

1994-12-01

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El Programa de investigación: "Mejoramiento Genético y Producción de Semillas de Hortalizas" se viene desarrollando en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de Palmira, desde 1985. Busca crear y seleccionar cultivares (variedades o híbridos adaptados a las condiciones, necesidades y recursos del horticultor colombiano y a la formación de investigadores en la carrera de Agronomía y en sus diferentes Programas de Posgrados, en las áreas de Producción Vegetal, Mejoramiento Genético, Sistemas de Semillas y Suelos y Aguas. El Programa involucra cuatro hortalizas (tomate, pimentón, zapallo y cilantro las cuales se  consideran importantes y/o promisorias para la  agricultura colombiana. No se descarta que, en el futuro, el programa incluya otras especies. En el presente trabajo se entregan los resultados de la investigación relacionados, con la especie tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Evaluación de poblaciones segregantes producidas a partir de cruzamientos entre tomate cultivado y la accesión silvestre PI134418 de Solanum habrochaites var. glabratum resistente al pasador del fruto. Evaluation of segregating populations from crosses between cultivated tomato and PI134418 wild accession of Solanum habrochaites var. glabratum with resistance to the fruit borer.

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Edwin F. Restrepo S.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó la evaluación de poblaciones segregantes producidas a partir de cruzamientos entre tomate S. lycopersicum L. cv. maravilla y la accesión silvestre PI134418 de S. habrochaites var. glabratum resistente al pasador del fruto N. elegantalis. Se encontró que hay dominancia de los alelos que disminuyen la expresión del caraacute;cter peso promedio de fruto. El método del retrocruzamiento resultó maacute;s eficiente que el de la autofecundación, para contrarrestar la dominancia de los alelos que codifican por el tamaño pequeño del fruto. Los tricomas y el número promedio de frutos por racimo no ejercieron ningún efecto sobre el ataque de los frutos por parte del pasador; mientras que el peso promedio de fruto sí tuvo efecto importante sobre dicho ataque, de tal manera que el insecto tiende a producir mayor daño a medida que se incrementa el peso promedio de fruto. Las poblaciones RC1 y RC2 se comportaron como las típicas segregantes para los caracteres evaluados y exhibieron amplia variabilidad en los mismos. El método del retrocruzamiento fue efectivo para romper la asociación negativa entre el peso promedio de fruto y la resistencia al insecto. El peso promedio de algunos de los frutos en los recombinantes RC2 fluctuó entre 45.1 y 68.6 g y mostraron resistencia al pasador.Evaluation of segregating populations from crosses between cultivated tomato S. lycopersicum L. cv. maravilla and PI134418 wild accession of Solanum habrochaites var. glabratum with resistance to the fruit borer N. elegantalis was made. There was dominance of alleles that decrease the expression of the character mean fruit weight. The backcrossing method was more efficient than selfing in order to counteract the dominance of alleles that encode by small fruit size. The thrichomes and the mean number of fruit per bunch did not produce any effect on the fruit attack by the fruit borer; while that mean fruit weight had important effect on this attack

Pemanfaatan Buah Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.,) dan Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill.,) dalam Pembuatan Fruit Leather

OpenAIRE

Ramli, Redi; Hamzah, Faizah

2017-01-01

This study aimed was to got exact formulation of combination of papaya fruit puree and tomato puree in the manufacture of fruit leather. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used against fruit leather were PT1 (papaya fruit puree 65%, tomato puree 35%), PT2 (papaya fruit puree 55%, tomato puree 45%), PT3 (papaya fruit puree 50%, tomato puree 50%), PT4 (45% papaya fruit puree, tomato puree 55%) and PT5 (35% papaya fruit puree...

Uso de coentro e sorgo granífero em cultivo de tomate orgânico visando ao aumento de insetos predadores e polinizadores

OpenAIRE

Santos, Laís da Conceição dos [UNESP

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the strategy "push-pull" using sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) on pests insect and predators and evaluate the abundance and species richness of Coleoptera, Hemiptera and bees in organic tomato. The experiment consisted of two treatments: a) polyculture; b) tomato monoculture. The polyculture was formed by tomato plants, Solanum lycopersicum L., coriander and sorghum. The evaluations were carri...

Morpho-histological analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. plants after treatment with juglone

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Anna Milewska-Hendel

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Juglone is a substance that limits plant growth and has a toxic effect on plant development. In this study, we analyzed the influence of juglone at two different concentrations (10−3 M and 10−4 M, which were applied to different parts of Solanum lycopersicum L. plants (root system, stem after decapitation, and surface of a younger leaf or after autografting for a short period of time (7 days, on the morphology and histology of stems. At a lower concentration, juglone had positive effects on plant growth, which resulted in an increase in interfascicular cambial cell divisions, faster development of a continuous cambium layer along the stem circumference, and development of fibers. Additionally, under the influence of juglone, the number of developing leaves increased and adventitious roots developed. The results are discussed based on the current literature concerning the reaction of plants to juglone and to stress conditions.

Control biológico de la Antracnosis causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz. y Sacc.) en Tomate de Árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) mediante hongos endófitos antagonistas

OpenAIRE

Delgado Fernández, Ernesto; Vásquez Matute, Santiago

2010-01-01

La antracnosis, en el tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) conocida por nuestros agricultores como “ojo de pollo” se produce por un hongo del género Colletotrichum Sp. es una enfermedad que causa pérdidas incalculables, y hasta el momento su control, se hace mediante productos químicos, que en algunos casos son nocivos y atentan contra el medio ambiente. El uso de microorganismos como inhibidores del desarrollo de microorganismos fitopatógenos, se presenta como una alternativa para ...

CONTROLE QUÍMICO DO PULGÃO VERDE (Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776 E DA VAQUINHA (Diabrotica speciosa Germ., 1824 NA CULTURA DO TOMATE RASTEIRO CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae, SULZER AND TOMATO LEAF BEETLE (Diabrotica speciosa, GERMAR IN TOMATO PLANTS

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Danilo Couto

2007-09-01

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O efeito de cinco inseticidas aplicados no tomateiro (Lycopersicum sculentum Mill, visando ao controle do pulgão verde, Myzus persicae SULZER e de vaquinha, Diabrotica speciosa GERM, foi testado em um experimento realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Horticultura da Escota de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no período de maio a setembro de 1994. Os tratamentos foram aplicados via pulverização e constaram de Bulldock 125 SC (dosagem de 100 ml/ 100 1 de água; Bulldock 50 CE (25 e 30 ml/100 l de água; Tamaron BR (100 ml/ 100 l de água; Orthene 750 BR (100 ml/ l00 1 de água e Folidol 600 (100 ml/l00 1 de água; e ainda uma testemunha (sem inseticida. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que todos os tratamentos foram eficientes no controle de M. persicae até sete dias após a aplicação. Aos 14 dias após a aplicação, o Bulldock 50 CE na dosagem de 25 ml/ 100 l de água e o Folidol 600 a 100 ml/ 100 l de água não apresentaram eficiência satisfatória. Com relação à D. speciosa, todos esses produtos foram igualmente eficientes até sete dias após aplicação.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Myzus persicae; diabrotica speciosa; tomateiro; controle químico.

A trial to control the green peach aphid myzus persicae and tomato leaf beetle Diabrotica speciosa was carried out in Goi

CAMBIOS DE COLOR Y PERFIL AROMÁTICO EN SOLUCIONES OSMÓTICAS USADAS EN DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA DE TOMATE DE ÁRBOL COR E SABOR MUDANÇAS NO SOLUÇÃO OSMÓTICA, UTILIZADO NA DESIDRATAÇÃO OSMÓTICA DE TOMATE DE ÁRVORE COLOR AND FLAVOR CHANGES ON THE OSMOTIC SOLUTION, USED IN THE OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF TREE TOMATO

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Magda Ivonne Pinzón

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La reutilización de la solución osmótica (SO en el proceso de deshidratación osmótica (DO de frutas de origen tropical ricas en aromas exóticos como el tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav Sendth, del cual ya se han obtenidos resultados muy satisfactorios, trae consigo cambios en las diferentes propiedades de la SO, sobre todo en el enriquecimiento sustancias provenientes de la fruta, que la convierten en una materia prima interesante en la fabricación y diseño de nuevos productos alimenticios, en este artículo se evaluaron los cambios el color y el perfil aromático, de la SO a medida que es reutilizada en 9 ciclos de DO teniendo en cuenta que estas dos propiedades van a tener gran influencia sobre las características sensoriales en el diseño de los nuevos productos alimenticios. Se utilizaron cubos deformados de tomate de árbol, deshidratados durante 240 minutos, en una SO de 65°Brix, con una relación solución:fruta de 5:1. En cada ciclo de DO se renovaron los frutos y se reutilizó la SO sin reconcentración, filtrando cada 4 ciclos durante 9 ciclos de DO. Se analizó el color de la SO encontrando una tendencia al descenso de L* en la SO y otros cambios; los demás parámetros de color: a*, b*, C* y h° solo fueron apreciados instrumentalmente; estos cambios en el color de la SO no mostraron un efecto drástico en el color de los frutos deshidratados; además se encontró la aparición de componentes del aroma de tomate de árbol en la SO a medida que fue reutilizada.Reutilização da solução osmótica (SO no processo de desidratação osmótica (DO de frutas tropicais ricos em sabores exóticos, como o tomate de árvore (betacea Cyphomandra (Cav Sendth, que tenham sido obtidos resultados muito satisfatóriostraz com ela mudanças nas propriedades diferentes do SO, principalmente no enriquecimento de substâncias a partir do fruto, o que torna um material interessante na fabricação e design de novos produtos

Chino del tomate virus:Relationships to Other Begomoviruses and Identification of A-Component Variants that Affect Symptom Expression.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, J K; Ostrow, K M; Idris, A M; Stenger, D C

2000-05-01

Phylogenetic and distance analyses place Chino del tomate virus (CdTV) in the New World clade of begomoviruses and indicate that CdTV and Tomato leaf crumple virus (TLCrV) are closely related strains of the same virus. One cloned CdTV A component (pCdTV-H6), when inoculated to tomato with the B component (pCdTV-B52), produced mild symptoms and low DNA titers. Another cloned CdTV A component (pCdTV-H8), when coinoculated to tomato with the B component, produced moderate leaf curling and veinal chlorosis similar to that of TLCrV. Coinoculation of both CdTV A components and the B component to tomato produced wild-type chino del tomate (CdT) disease symptoms consisting of severe leaf curling, veinal and interveinal chlorosis, and stunting. The two CdTV A components were nearly identical, except at nucleotide positions 1,722 and 2,324. The polymorphism at nucleotide 1,722 resulted in a change at Rep amino acid 261. The second polymorphism at nucleotide 2,324 resulted in changes at Rep amino acid 60 and AC4 amino acid 10. Two chimeric A components constructed by reciprocal exchange of a fragment bearing the polymorphic site at nucleotide 1,722 were evaluated for symptom phenotype. One chimeric A component (pCdTV-H86) produced wild-type CdT symptoms when coinoculated to tomato with the B component. The reciprocal chimeric A component (pCdTV-H68), when coin-oculated to tomato with the B component, also produced severe leaf curling, veinal chlorosis, and stunting. However, pCdTV-H68 induced less obvious interveinal chlorosis than wild-type or pCdTV-H86. Examination of A component genotypes recovered from tomato coinoculated with pCdTV-H6 and pCdTV-H8 indicated that recombination occurred to produce a genotype identical to pCdTV-H86. These results indicate that subtle genotypic variation has significant effects on symptom expression and may explain phenotypic differences observed among isolates and cloned DNAs of CdTV and TLCrV.

Tuta absoluta: una nueva plaga para el cultivo del tomate en Europa (Sesión Técnia: Hortalizas). II Jornadas sobre feromonas, atrayentes, trampas y Control Biológico: Alternativas para la agricultura del siglo XXI

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stol, W.; Griepink, F.C.; Deventer, van P.

2009-01-01

Tuta absoluta es una polilla originaria de Chile cuyas larvas producen minas en las hojas de las plantas de tomate. En las últimas décadas de este insecto se ha extendido por gran parte del continente sudamericano. Después de su primera observación en Europa (España, Valencia) en 2007, esta polilla

Estudio de residuos de permetrina en un cultivo de tomate

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Farias Diana María

2004-06-01

Full Text Available

Con base en los resultados de una encuesta

de patrones de uso y manejo se evaluó el contenido del

insecticida permetrina mediante cromatografía de gases

con un detector μ-ECD en muestras de tomate provenientes

de un ensayo bajo invernadero realizado en el

Centro Agropecuario Marengo de la Universidad Nacional

de Colombia, ubicado en el municipio de Mosquera,

Cundinamarca. Un 96% de las muestras presentaron

residuos de permetrina que superaron el límite máximo

de residuos (LMR. El análisis estadístico mostró que la

frecuencia de aplicación es el factor de uso que más influye

en la presencia de residuos, así como su interacción

simple con el tiempo transcurrido entre la última aplicación

y la cosecha, además de la interacción de segundo

orden entre los tres patrones de manejo más relevantes:

la frecuencia de aplicación, el período de tiempo entre la

última aplicación y la cosecha, y la dosis

Classificação do tomate por atacadistas e produtores Curitiba Classification of tomatoes by wholesalers and producers in Curitiba, Brazil

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Luciana R Rodrigues

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Identificou-se o sistema efetivamente utilizado para classificação do tomate para mesa por atacadistas e produtores em Curitiba. Verificou-se também por que não são adotadas as normas legais de classificação. Foram entrevistados 11 atacadistas e 31 produtores de tomate que comercializam sua produção na CEASA Curitiba. Outros dois produtores foram entrevistados em suas propriedades e acompanhados desde a produção até a comercialização. Após tabulação dos dados calculou-se a porcentagem de entrevistados enquadrados em cada questão, em relação ao número total de entrevistados. Constatou-se que há mais de uma linguagem de classificação no mercado e embora não haja padrões de classificação, essas linguagens são compreendidas no momento da comercialização. Para os atacadistas da CEASA Curitiba, a classificação do tomate baseia-se nas cores e nos tamanhos dos frutos. Os frutos podem ser verdes, coloridos (ou pintados ou vermelhos (ou maduros e apresentar tamanho Extra 3A ou boca 5 (diâmetro maior que 7,5 cm, Extra 2A ou bocas 6 ou 7 (diâmetro entre 6,2 e 7,5 cm, Extra 1A ou bocas 8 ou 9 (diâmetro entre 4,8 e 6,2 cm. Os frutos Extra 2A (médios são os mais freqüentes no comércio. Já a maioria dos produtores classifica os frutos em graúdos, médios e miúdos, em uma clara correspondência com a classificação adotada pelos atacadistas. Ambos os sistemas de classificação diferem do oficial que, segundo a maioria de atacadistas e produtores, é difícil de aplicar, encareceria o produto final e levaria a um aumento considerável do volume de frutos a serem descartados. Por esses motivos, antes que as normas oficiais de classificação de tomate possam ser adotadas, é necessário que se disponibilizem para o setor produtivo tecnologias de produção e assistência técnica qualificada. É necessário ainda que as normas de classificação sejam internalizadas pelos agentes do mercado por meio de cursos e

Peliculização de sementes de tomate associada ao paclobutrazol

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Aniela Pilar Campos de Melo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O tratamento de sementes com paclobutrazol (PBZ deve ser aprimorado e tecnologias de recobrimento, como a peliculização, podem ser promissoras para aplicar uniformemente e fixar esse regulador no tegumento das sementes sem permitir um contato prejudicial ao embrião. Assim, determinaram-se os efeitos da peliculização de sementes com paclobutrazol no potencial fisiológico de sementes de tomate e as suas implicações no crescimento de mudas. Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo presença e ausência do polímero de revestimento Disco AG Red L-203® (0 e 150 mL kg-1 de semente e quatro concentrações de paclobutrazol - PBZ (0, 38,5, 76,9 e 115,4 mg L-1. A interação entre os fatores (peliculização x concentrações de paclobutrazol ocorreu somente para a variável condutividade elétrica. Independentemente da concentração, o paclobutrazol reduziu a germinação, emergência de plântulas, altura de parte aérea, área foliar e propiciou um aumento na detecção de clorofila. A peliculização não interfere na ação do paclobutrazol sobre as sementes. O paclobutrazol é eficiente no condicionamento da altura de mudas mas prejudica a germinação e o vigor de sementes.

Qualidade do tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional e orgânico Quality of tomatoes cultivated in the organic and conventional cropping systems

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Sila Mary Rodrigues Ferreira

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A presença dos produtos orgânicos nas gôndolas das grandes redes de supermercados indica que existe um potencial de mercado para esses produtos, no entanto poucas são as informações técnico-científicas sobre eles. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade do tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional (SC e orgânico (SO comercializado na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. As amostras foram avaliadas pela massa, peso específico, cinzas, sólidos totais, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável total, relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável total, pH, vitamina C, nitratos, nitritos, multirresíduos, benzimidazóis e ditiocarbamatos. Os resultados da análise físico-química mostraram que somente na umidade os tomates não apresentaram diferença significativa ao nível de 5% quando comparados pelo Teste de Tukey. Em relação à análise toxicológica, não foram detectados multirresíduos e benzimidazóis até os limites de 0,04 mg.kg-1 e 0,1 mg.kg-1 de carbendazim, respectivamente. Nos resíduos de pesticidas do grupo químico ditiocarbamatos, foi identificado 0,01 mg.kg-1 (CS2 nas amostras de SC3 e SC4 do tomate de mesa cultivado no sistema convencional, abaixo do limite máximo recomendado (LMR de 2,0 mg.kg-1 (CS2 de mancozebe.The presence of organic products in the aisles of big supermarket chains indicates a market potential for these products. However, there is little technical and scientific information. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the quality of tomatoes grown under conventional (CS and organic (OS systems, on sale in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, Brazil. Samples were evaluated in terms of mass, specific weight, ash, total solids, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids/total titratable acidity ratio, pH, vitamin C, nitrates, nitrites, multiresidues. There were no significant differences between conventional and

Qualidade de sementes de tomate influenciada pelos tratamentos térmico e osmótico Tomato seeds quality affected by dry heat and osmotic treatments

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Flávio de Souza Lopes

2004-09-01

Full Text Available O tratamento térmico via calor seco, visando o controle de patógenos associado às sementes, pode causar danos à qualidade fisiológica das mesmas, que podem ser recuperados, por meio do condicionamento osmótico. Avaliou-se o efeito do tratamento térmico via calor seco na qualidade sanitária e fisiológica das sementes de tomate, assim como a influência do condicionamento osmótico na qualidade fisiológica das sementes submetidas à termoterapia. As sementes das cultivares Quadrado Mix, Topmec e Calmec VFN foram expostas ao tratamento térmico a 70; 72,5 e 75ºC, em estufa com circulação forçada, por períodos de zero, 48; 96 e 120 horas. O período zero, sem a aplicação de calor, foi considerado como testemunha. Posteriormente, estas sementes foram avaliadas quanto à sanidade, condicionadas em solução aerada de polietilenoglicol a 0,0 e -1,0 MPa e submetidas à avaliação do teor de água, da germinação e do vigor. Pelos resultados pode-se concluir que o tratamento térmico via calor seco não foi eficiente em eliminar os patógenos associados às sementes de tomate, dependendo da cultivar avaliada. Períodos prolongados de exposição ao calor seco causaram danos à qualidade fisiológica das sementes de tomate, que não foram recuperados com o subseqüente condicionamento osmótico.The dry heat treatment aiming to control microorganisms in the seeds can cause damage to the physiological quality of seeds. Osmotic conditioning can be useful tool for recovering the physiological quality of the heat treated seeds. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dry heat treatments on the tomato seeds sanitary and physiologic quality, as well as to analyze the effect of the osmotic conditioning on seeds submitted to dry heat treatment. The seeds of cultivars Quadrado Mix, Topmec and Calmec VFN were heated at 70; 72.5 and 75ºC by periods of zero, 48; 96 and 120 hours. After the heat treatment, the seeds were evaluated for

Calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producido con sustratos orgánicos

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Lilia Salas-Pérez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La creciente inquietud de la opinión pública sobre los efectos negativos de las actividades agrícolas en el ambiente se ha provocado que la producción de cultivos se realice de una manera más sustentable, especialmente en el manejo de la fertilización. Al respecto la composta es un abono orgánico utilizado como fuente de nutrimentos y como componente de sustratos en la agricultura protegida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes sustratos a base de composta de ganado bovino (C mezclada con arena de río (A, sobre el rendimiento y la calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producidos bajo condiciones en invernadero. Los porcentajes de los sustratos fueron: 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 (C: A y como control se utilizó la solución nutritiva Steiner en arena. Las variables evaluadas fueron rendimiento, peso promedio de fruto, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, espesor de pericarpio y sólidos solubles totales (calidad biofísica. La calidad nutracéutica se determinó mediante el análisis de licopeno y actividad antioxidante. El mayor rendimiento y calidad biofísica de los frutos se presentó con el uso de la solución nutritiva convencional. En cambio, los frutos obtenidos a partir de composta: arena 75:25 obtuvieron los valores mayores de sólidos solubles y capacidad antioxidante, 12.5 % mayor en sólidos solubles y 27 % mayor en capacidad antioxidante comparados con los obtenidos con solución nutritiva Steiner. La combinación composta con arena para su uso como sustrato orgánico es una alternativa viable para la producción orgánica de tomate en invernadero ya que el rendimiento y la calidad son aceptables. Además; dado el potencial de uso en la agricultura organica certificada, los usuarios eventualmente podrán lograr un sobreprecio y mejorar la relación beneficio/costo, lo que proporciona una potencial comercialización competitiva para el productor, al tiempo que disminuye el uso de insumos

Bacillus effect on the germination and growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.

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Teresa Cabra Cendales

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The capacity to solubilize phosphate and to produce indole compounds Indole Acetic Acid type, was evaluated in 15 strains isolated from castor bean lignocellulosic residues (Ricinus communis. To determine the solubilizing activity of phosphates a qualitative test by using Pikovskaya culture medium was employed and for the evaluation of the production of indole compounds (IAA a Salkowsky colorimetric analysis technique was applied. Among the microorganisms tested, the Bacillus pumilus GIBI 206 demonstrated capacity to solubilize phosphates and Bacillus subtilis GIBI 200 showed of capacity to solubilize phosphates and to produce Indoleacetic Acid (IAA. To determine the effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain on germination and growth promotion, tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Santa Clara’ were inoculated; the inoculation of the seeds along with the microorganism revealed statistically significant differences, during the germination stage compared to the control treatment. Nevertheless, it revealed a positive influence on the development of tomato plants, originating a significant increase on the mass and length of its stem and root. The results of this research offer the possibility of using the Bacillus subtilis as a growth promoter in tomato seedlings and in the formulation of bio-products.

Transformation of PRT6 RNAi construct into tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Micro-Tom

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Suka, Intan Elya; Chew, Bee Lynn; Goh, Hoe-Han; Isa, Nurulhikma Md

2018-04-01

PROTEOLYSIS 6 plays major role in the N-end rule pathway as N-recognin which functions as E3 ligase enzyme. It mediates ubiquitin processes that lead to degradation of unstable substrate protein. The aim of the current study is to transform the PRT6 gene into tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from the cultivar Micro-Tom and to investigate its function in regulating ripening in tomato fruits. The PRT6_RNAi construct was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium C58 via heat shock method and transformed into seven days old cotyledon explants. Factors affecting transformation efficiency such as co-cultivation time and type of plant growth regulator combination were evaluated. Results from this study found that pre-cultured cotyledons from seven days old seedlings incubated for 2 days in co-cultivation medium increased shoot regeneration. Plant growth hormones zeatin combine with auxin produced a higher number of callus formation but lower shoot proliferation and transformation frequency compared to treatments of single plant hormone in the selection medium. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on the regenerated shoots to confirm the integration of PRT6 fragment into the genome of transgenic plants. Based on PCR analysis, all putative shoots were positive transformants.

Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and nutrition status of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum).

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Azarmi, Rasool; Ziveh, Parviz Sharifi; Satari, Mohammad Reza

2008-07-15

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Super Beta) in a field condition. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The different rates of vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha(-1)) was incorporated into the top 15 cm of soil. During experiment period, fruits were harvested twice in a week and total yield were recorded for two months. At the end of experiment, growth characteristics such as leaf number, leaf area and shoot dry weights were determined. The results revealed that addition of vermicompost at rate of 15 t ha(-1) significantly (at p Vermicompost with rate of 15 t ha(-1) increased EC of fruit juice and percentage of fruit dry matter up to 30 and 24%, respectively. The content of K, P, Fe and Zn in the plant tissue increased 55, 73, 32 and 36% compared to untreated plots respectively. The result of our experiment showed addition of vermicompost had significant (p < 0.05) positive effects on growth, yield and elemental content of plant as compared to control.

INFLUENCIA DEL RIEGO Y LA PODA EN LA INFESTACIÓN DE Prodiplosis longifila EN EL CULTIVO DE TOMATE

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Roberth Stip Cuzme Burgos

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia de la poda y del sistema de riego sobre la infestación de Prodiplosis longifila en el cultivo de tomate. Se estudiaron dos sistemas de riego por goteo y gravedad en parcelas con podas y sin podas. La poda consistió en dejar dos ejes productivos. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar en parcelas divididas. Se evaluaron la infestación de P. longifila en brotes y frutos. Las evaluaciones se las realizo dos veces por semana a partir de los 7 ddt (días después del trasplante. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza. El factor riego no presento una tendencia hacia uno de los sistemas estudiados. Por el contrario la poda si marco una diferencia en las poblaciones de P. longifila cuya práctica provoca un incremento de la infestación. La poda y el sistema de riego no son prácticas que influyen en el control de P. longifila.

Utilização do Ozônio no Tratamento Pós-Colheita do Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

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Rogério Simão

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O armazenamento de hortaliças no período pós-colheita é fator preocupante na logística de produtos perecíveis no ramo do agronegócio. Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar o emprego do gás Ozônio (O3 para o aumento de vida de prateleira de frutos de tomate a fim de mantê-los adequados por mais tempo para a comercialização. Exemplares da cultivar Débora foram tratados com 1 ppm (vol/vol de Ozônio durante 24 horas a 25°C e 65% de umidade relativa. Qualidades físicas como perda de massa, estádio de maturação, injúria e senescência foram avaliadas após 15 dias de armazenamento. Comparados com uma amostra de controle, os frutos tratados com Ozônio apresentaram menos perda de massa, menor porcentagem de injúrias causada por fungos e maior retardamento no apodrecimento, mas pouca diferença quanto ao nível de maturação.

Efectos de la sobreproducción de ácido abscísico y citoquininasen la respuesta fisiológica y agronómica de tomate bajo estrés salino en invernadero

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Martínez Pérez, Ascensión; Albacete Moreno, Alfonso; Sánchez Iglesias, María del Puerto; Pérez Alfocea, Francisco; Martínez Andújar, Cristina

2014-01-01

La salinidad limita la productividad de los cultivos y modifica el balance hormonal vegetal. El ácido abscísico (ABA) y las citoquininas (CKs) son fitohormonas que median la respuesta a estreses abióticos y se considera que son producidas principalmente en la raíz. Para evaluar el papel de estas dos hormonas en el crecimiento y productividad de los cultivos bajo salinidad, se realizaron injertos cuyo portainjerto eran unas variedades transgénicas de tomate que sobreproducían ác...

Resistencia de campo a la antracnosis de los frutos (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides en tomate de arbol (Cyphomandra (Solanum betacea (betaceum Cav. Sendt.

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Lobo A. Mario

2000-12-01

Full Text Available En el Centro de Investigación "La Selva", de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA, localizado en Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia,a 2120 msnm, se llevó a cabo una investigación, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la resistencia de campo a la antracnosis de los frutos de tomate de árbol en la accesión 6975073 de especie C. uniloba, material que en observaciones previas no había presentado incidencia de la enfermedad. En el estudio se incluyeron igualmente 4 poblaciones de la especie cultivada C. betacea de diferentes tipos: rojo común, amarillo, partenocárpico y "mora" o "tamarillo" y una de la especie relacionada C. materna. El trabajo se llevó a cabo durante seis meses, cosechándose quincenalmente, en 5 árboles por accesión, los frutos sanos maduros y los enfermos, clasificados por grado de maduración. Todos los materiales recibieron control quí mico de la enfermedad, con excepción del tomate C. uniloba 6975073. Durante la evaluación se presentaron condiciones favorables para el desarrollo del patógeno, con una precipitación de 1361.1 mm y prevalencia de altas humedades relativas, con un promedio, al respecto, del 80.2%. Durante el período de desarrollo de la evaluación no se presentaron frutos con síntomas de antracnosis en la accesión 6975073, lo cual si ocurrió en los demás materiales, con un porcentaje de frutos enfermos que fluctuó entre el 57.64 y el 98.82%, encontrá ndose que los genotipos con mayor nivel de productividad, a su vez, presentaron la mayor suceptibilidad y pérdidas en rendimiento. Un estimado del valor de los frutos con antracnosis, proyectado a hectárea-año, señaló que las pérdidas de frutos en las diferentes accesiones de C. betacea fluctuaron entre 3006 y 11268 dólares. Complementariamente al estudio, se obtuvieron híbridos interespecí ficos entre el material resistente y una accesión de C. betacea.

Biología de Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, parasitoide del complejo Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae, en condiciones de laboratorio

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Yerlin CHACÓN CASTRO

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La estimación de los atributos biológicos de un enemigo natural, previa a su empleo en el campo, constituye un aspecto de importancia en todo proyecto de control biológico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los principales parámetros biológicos de Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, parasitoide de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, bajo condiciones de laboratorio. La emergencia del adulto, longevidad y fecundidad de la hembra, proporción sexual de la descendencia, tasa intrínseca de crecimiento poblacional (r m , tasa neta de reproducción (R o y tiempo generacional (T; se estimaron mediante la técnica de tabla de vida y fecundidad, utilizando el pimiento ( Capsicum annuum L. y el tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L. como plantas hospederas. Los resultados obtenidos en pimiento y tomate fueron respectivamente: supervivencia pupal: 86.86 ± 1.94 y 83,45 ± 2,13%; longevidad de la hembra: 18,19 ± 1,61 y 17,00 ± 0,92 días; proporción sexual: 0,34 ± 0,06 y 0,47 ± 0,05 hembras/(machos + hembras; l x50 : 21 y 18 días; r m : 0,226 ± 0,061 y 0,228 ± 0,057 ninfas parasitadas/hembra/día; Ro: 189,71 ± 24,25 y 154,65 ± 17,58 ninfas parasitadas/hembra; T: 25,88 ± 0,42 y 24,03 ± 0,34 días. Los resultados obtenidos son una contribución al conocimiento de la población local del parasitoide y su posible papel como agente de control biológico de B. tabaci.

Genome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factors in Solanum lycopersicum.

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Huang, Shengxiong; Gao, Yongfeng; Liu, Jikai; Peng, Xiaoli; Niu, Xiangli; Fei, Zhangjun; Cao, Shuqing; Liu, Yongsheng

2012-06-01

The WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in multiple biological processes in plants, especially in regulating defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little information is available about the WRKYs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The recent release of the whole-genome sequence of tomato allowed us to perform a genome-wide investigation for tomato WRKY proteins, and to compare these positively identified proteins with their orthologs in model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice. In the present study, based on the recently released tomato whole-genome sequences, we identified 81 SlWRKY genes that were classified into three main groups, with the second group further divided into five subgroups. Depending on WRKY domains' sequences derived from tomato, Arabidopsis and rice, construction of a phylogenetic tree demonstrated distinct clustering and unique gene expansion of WRKY genes among the three species. Genome mapping analysis revealed that tomato WRKY genes were enriched on several chromosomes, especially on chromosome 5, and 16 % of the family members were tandemly duplicated genes. The tomato WRKYs from each group were shown to share similar motif compositions. Furthermore, tomato WRKY genes showed distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns in different developmental processes and in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The expression of 18 selected tomato WRKY genes in response to drought and salt stresses and Pseudomonas syringae invasion, respectively, was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Our results will provide a platform for functional identification and molecular breeding study of WRKY genes in tomato and probably other Solanaceae plants.

Inoculación al suelo con Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum oryzae, Bacillus subtilis y microorganismos de montaña (mm y su efecto sobre un sistema de rotación soya-tomate bajo condiciones de invernadero

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Leida Castro Barquero

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó un sistema de rotación soyatomate, con incorporación de biomasa verde y aplicación de inóculos microbianos individuales y en mezcla sobre el crecimiento de las plantas y propiedades edáficas; para ello se evaluaron en invernadero por 24 meses los siguientes 9 tratamientos: solo tomate (T; rotación tomate-soya (TS; rotación tomate-soya con inoculaciones individuales de Azospirillum oryzae (A; de Pseudomonas fluorescens (P; de Bacillus subtilis (B; de microorganismos de montaña (MM; y las inoculaciones en mezcla de B. subtilis y P. fluorescens (BP; de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens y A. oryzae (BPA; de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens, Azospirillum sp. y MM (BPAMM. Se evaluaron las variables físicas: densidad aparente y de partículas; conductividad hidráulica; poros totales; estabilidad de agregados; resistencia a la penetración (RP; las variables químicas: pH; conductividad eléctrica; contenido de N y C; relación C/N; contenido de nutrientes en suelos y foliares; las variables biológicas: respiración de suelos, unidades formadoras de colonias de hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos y el peso fresco y seco foliar. Las variables físicas no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos, con excepción de RP, que fue mayor en el tratamiento T. Las variables biológicas y químicas fueron sensibles a los tratamientos, con valores significativamente más altos en presencia de MM. Destaca el incremento del P en solución de suelo en tratamientos a los que se adicionó MM: pasó de 6 a 20 mg.l-1; esta condición se reflejó además en la cantidad de P en el tejido foliar al final del ensayo. Se determinó que el pH, CE y la respiración del suelo fueron afectados por la interacción entre los tratamientos aplicados y el tiempo transcurrido; los mayores valores se obtuvieron al final del ensayo y en los tratamientos con MM.

Harvest season influences on the quality of tomato grown in alternative systems / Influência das épocas de colheita na qualidade de tomate cultivado em sistemas alternativos

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Regina Marta Evangelista

2009-03-01

Full Text Available On tomato production in Brazil, around two/thirties is designated to consume “in nature”. Thus, the skin aspect and its quality became an important factor on buying decision. Tomato presents high mass of water, and its quality depends on temperature and humidity variation. Water loss brings weight and fruit aspect loss, affecting the quality. This work aimed to verify the influence of harvest season on the fruit quality grown in alternative, organic and biodynamic systems. It was evaluated tomato quality characteristics, including mass loss, texture, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids. The cycle stage of the tomato plant interferes on fruit quality. The third, fourth and fifth harvests were those which showed the highest values to quality parameters, with more fresh mass fruit. The sixth harvest showed fruits with high total soluble solids and sugar contents. On the evaluation of mass loss on the three harvest seasons, it was observed that on the first harvest there was a smaller loss. The period of harvest cycle interferes on the time of storage, and fruitd harvested on the first have more conservation time in relation to the other onesNa produção de tomate no Brasil, aproximadamente dois terços são destinados ao consumo “in natura”. Assim, o aspecto externo e a sua qualidade tornam-se um fator importante na decisão de compra. O tomate apresenta elevado conteúdo de água, estando sujeito às variações de temperatura e umidade relativa do ambiente onde se encontra. A perda de água ocasiona perda de peso e aparência do fruto, afetando a qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência das épocas de colheita na qualidade de frutos de tomateiro cultivados em sistemas alternativos, orgânico e biodinâmico. Foram avaliadas características de qualidade dos frutos de tomate, que incluíram perda de massa, textura, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e açúcares redutores. O estádio do ciclo do tomateiro

Eficácia de limpeza durante o beneficiamento do tomate de mesa Effectiveness of cleaning fresh market tomatoes during post harvest handling

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Ana Maria de Magalhães

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho avaliou-se a limpeza do tomate de mesa 'Débora' em relação à eficácia na qualidade dos frutos. Primeiramente, estudou-se a eficácia, com auxílio de esferas de borracha, variando-se as cerdas (náilon, sisal, PET e fibra de coco e a rotação (40, 80, 120 e 160rpm das escovas. Depois, com os melhores resultados, foram avaliadas a eficácia da limpeza em tomates e a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos mensurada pela perda de massa (%, atividade respiratória (CO2 e evolução da concentração de etileno. No primeiro ensaio, as cerdas de náilon, sisal e fibra de coco combinadas com as altas rotações tornaram a limpeza mais eficaz. A cerda PET e a rotação de 40rpm foram ineficientes, apresentando um índice de limpeza (IL inferior a 50%. Para os tomates, o tratamento com náilon a 120rpm foi o mais eficaz na limpeza (IL=91%; todavia, o tratamento com náilon 160rpm apresentou um IL inferior (88%, pois, devido à alta velocidade, os frutos pulavam e não eram envoltos pelas cerdas. Menores IL foram obtidos com fibra de coco a 80 e 120rpm, mas não estatisticamente diferentes. De modo geral, frutos limpos com náilon e sisal a 120rpm apresentaram as maiores alterações na qualidade pós-colheita quando comparados aos frutos limpos nessas mesmas cerdas a 160rpm. Maior flexibilidade das cerdas proporciona maior contato fruto/cerdas, com melhoria na eficiência de limpeza, o que pode provocar alterações na qualidade pós-colheita do fruto, porém não significativas.This research evaluated the cleaning process of fresh market tomatoes Débora in relation to the efficiency cleaning and fruit quality. First, the efficiency cleaning was carried, with rubber spheres, changing the types of bristles (nylon, sisal fiber, PET and coconut fiber as well as the rotation (40, 80, 120 and 160rpm of rotary brushes. Afterwards, with the best results, the studies were carried out with fresh market tomatoes to evaluate cleaning efficiency

Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum).

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Gutiérrez-Miceli, Federico A; Santiago-Borraz, Jorge; Montes Molina, Joaquín Adolfo; Nafate, Camerino Carlos; Abud-Archila, Miguel; Oliva Llaven, María Angela; Rincón-Rosales, Reiner; Dendooven, Luc

2007-11-01

The effects of earthworm-processed sheep-manure (vermicompost) on the growth, productivity and chemical characteristics of tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) (c.v. Rio Grande) were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Five treatments were applied combining vermicompost and soil in proportions of 0:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 (v/v). Growth and yield parameters were measured 85 days and 100 days after transplanting. Addition of vermicompost increased plant heights significantly, but had no significant effect on the numbers of leaves or yields 85 days after transplanting. Yields of tomatoes were significantly greater when the relationship vermicompost:soil was 1:1, 1:2 or 1:3, 100 days after transplanting. Addition of sheep-manure vermicompost decreased soil pH, titratable acidity and increased soluble and insoluble solids, in tomato fruits compared to those harvested from plants cultivated in unamended soil. Sheep-manure vermicompost as a soil supplement increased tomato yields and soluble, insoluble solids and carbohydrate concentrations.

Chemical composition and energy value of guava and tomato wastes for broilers chickens at different ages Composição química e valores energéticos dos resíduos de goiaba e tomate para frangos corte em diferentes idades

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Rosa Cavalcante Lira

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The chemical composition and energy value of guava and tomato wastes for broilers at different ages were determined in this research. The metabolism assays were carried out by using the methodology of total excreta collection to calculate the chemical composition of wastes collected in different months. A total of 270 COBB broiler chicks was used: 150 in the period from 1 to 8 days of age (phase 1 and 120 chicks were used in the period from 10 to 17 days of age (phase 2. The trials were analyzed as completely randomized design with three treatments with five replications of 10 and 8 birds at the respective ages. The treatments consisted of different diets: one reference diet, one with 30% tomato meal and another with 20% guava meal, both partially replacing the reference diet. The values of the chemical composition of guava and tomato wastes varied according to the collection season. The chemical composition indicated that the wastes can be used in poultry feed, but with high crude fiber contents. The values of apparent metabolizable energy and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and of gross energy metabolizability coefficient of guava waste was not affected by the birds age, different from the result observed for tomato waste, whose digestibility coefficients and apparent metabolizable energy values varied among growing phases. The apparent metabolizable energy values (AME for broilers form 1 to 8 and from 10 to 17 days of age were 1,331 and 1,358 kcal/kg for guava waste and from 2,351 to 2,465 kcal/kg for tomato waste.Objetivou-se determinar a composição química e os valores nergéticos dos resíduos de goiaba e de tomate para frangos de corte em diferentes idades. Os resíduos foram coletados em meses distintos e, posteriormente, determinada a composição química por meio de ensaios de metabolismo utilizando a metodologia da coleta total de excretas. Utilizaram-se 270 pintos de corte da linhagem COBB, sendo 150 no per

A method for the determination of two Alternaria toxins, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, in tomato products Um método para determinação de duas toxinas de Alternaria, alternariol monometil éter e alternariol, em produtos de tomate

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Silvana da Motta

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Tomatoes, as any soft skinned fruit, are easily susceptible to fungal rot. Alternaria is the genus most frequently encountered in tomatoes. A. alternata and other spp. have been shown to produce the toxins alternariol monomethyl ether (AME and alternariol (AOH in tomatoes. A method for determining AME and AOH in tomato products was developed and evaluated. The method involves extraction with methanol, clarification with ammonium sulfate, and partition to chloroform. Quantification was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (DAD. Average recoveries were 98.7% and 84.1% for AME and AOH, respectively. The quantification limits of the method, defined as the minimum amount that allowed quantification and confirmation by the DAD detector, were 2.0 ng/g for AME and 5.0 ng/g for AOH.Tomates são frutas de pele fina e assim facilmente susceptíveis a deterioração por fungos. Alternaria é o gênero que mais freqüentemente invade tomates. A. alternata e outras espécies deste gênero produzem as toxinas alternariol (AOH e alternariol monometil (AME. Um método analítico para determinação de AME e AOH em produtos de tomate foi desenvolvido e avaliado. O método consiste em uma extração com metanol, clarificação com sulfato de amônio e partição para clorofórmio. Quantificação foi executada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detetor de arranjo de diodos (DAD. Recuperações médias foram 98,7% e 84,1% para AME e AOH, respectivamente. Os limites de detecção do método, definidos como a menor quantidade das toxinas que permitiu quantificação e confirmação pelo DAD, foram 2,0 ng/g para AME e 5,0 ng/g para AOH.

EVALUACIÓN DE DIFERENTES FORMULACIONES DE COMPOSTAJE A PARTIR DE RESIDUOS DE COSECHA DE TOMATE (Solanumlycopersicum

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CARLOS ANDRES NAVIA-CUETIA

Full Text Available Se realizó la evaluación de diferentes formulaciones de compostaje a partir de residuos de cosecha de tomate (Solanumlycopersicum, utilizando cuatro tratamientos T1: cal dolomita del 24%, T2: microorganismos eficientes (E.M., T3: combinación de E.M. con cal dolomita y T4: compostaje tradicional, que sirvió como referente para las formulaciones mencionadas. Las composteras fueron de 1m3, construidas en guadua y bajo cubierta plástica tipo invernadero. Se tomaron muestras del abono a los 8, 40, 48 y 56 días, las cuales se enviaron al laboratorio. Se registraron datos dos veces por semana de temperatura interna de cada pila, humedad y temperatura ambiente, realizando volteos cada semana. El análisis de varianza mostró que no hay diferencias significativas entre tratamientos ni repeticiones (p>0,05; pero se presentan variaciones en los valores para el T2 en variables como: pH, materia orgánica, CICe, porcentajes de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, cumpliendo la norma NTC 5167, a pesar de no incluir fuentes alternas de nitrógeno que mejoran el proceso de compostaje y el producto que de este se obtiene.

Análisis de la heterosis y de la habilidad combinatoria entre diferentes cultivares de tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. a partir de un cruzamiento dialélico

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Vallejo Cabrera Franco Alirio

1989-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó el análisis de la heterosis y de la habilidad combinatoria entre 21 cultivares de tomate, para el carácter producción por planta y sus componentes a partir de un cruzamiento dialélico (6 progenitores, 15 híbridos F1, sin incluir los recíprocos: utilizando el método experimental 2, modelo I propuesto por Griffing (1956. Se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas para los efectos de hcg y de hce para todos los caracteres a excepción del carácter producción de frutos de primera (frutos de más de 180 g. Los híbridos Motelle x Ángela I 5100, Motelle x Zambao y Licapal 21 x Zambao presentaron altos efectos de h c e para el carácter producción por planta. Los anteriores efectos asociados con altas heterobeltiosis hacen que estos híbridos sean promisorios para una posterior comercialización.An analysis of heterosis and combining ability of traits related with per plant production was carried out using a diallele crossing between different tomate cultivars, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill (six parent and 15 F1 hybrids from as possible crossing in one direction, according to the methodology proposed by Griffing (1956, selecting experimental method 2, and model 1. In the genetic variation of all traits related to per plant production, except in first class fruit trait, the general combining ability (gen non addite action effects participate jointly and in highly significant manner. Hybrids Motelle x Angela I 5100, Motelle x Zambao y Licapal21 x Zambao, exhibited high s c a effects for the trait per plant production. Former effects related to high heterobeltyosis make these hybrids promising for later marketing.

Genética molecular de caracteres cuantitativos en cruzamientos dialélicos de tomate

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Guillermo Raúl Pratta

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar marcadores moleculares y caracteres cuantitativos en un cruzamiento dialélico completo sin recíprocos, entre cinco líneas recombinantes de tomate y sus híbridos. Se obtuvieron perfiles de AFLP ("amplified fragment length polymorphism" y de polipéptidos del pericarpio en cuatro estados de madurez del fruto de 15 genotipos. Se evaluaron, entre otros: peso, acidez titulable, pH, vida poscosecha y firmeza. Se calculó el porcentaje de polimorfismo para los marcadores moleculares y el porcentaje de variabilidad genética para los caracteres cuantitativos en el grupo de líneas recombinantes, el de híbridos y el conjunto de genotipos. Se realizaron análisis de agrupamiento con cada nivel de variación genética. Para AFLP, el porcentaje de polimorfismo varió entre 34 y 54% y, para los perfiles polipeptídicos, entre 40 y 78%. Mayor polimorfismo fue observado en el grupo de híbridos. La variabilidad genética fue de 100% para acidez y 34% para firmeza, con los mayores valores en los parentales. La similitud genética varió entre los genotipos según el nivel de variación genética; pero la consistencia en el agrupamiento de algunas líneas recombinantes y sus híbridos fue conservada, lo que evidenció asociaciones entre los datos moleculares y fenotípicos.

Pengaruh Pelapisan Kitosan terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Tomat Segar (Lycopersicum pyriforme pada Berbagai Tingkat Kematangan

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Melly Novita

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Tomato fruit undergoes many physicochemical changes after harvest caused by the process of metabolism. The method used to inhibit the metabolic processes in tomatoes can be overcome by controlled atmosphere storage. However, this method requires a high cost. Therefore there is another method that is more practical and economical to imitate the mechanism of the controlled atmosphere is by the use of coating materials (coating. Coating material must be able to form a barrier layer of the loss of water content and can maintain fruit quality and does not pollute the environment. Chitosan is a natural alternative as a coating material that is non-toxic and safe for health. This study aimed to observe the effect of chitosan coating on quality and shelf life of fresh tomatoes at different maturity levels. The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD factorial with two factors. The factor I was the maturity stages which consisted of 3 (three levels : K1 = full green (0-10% red skin, K2 = light red (30-60% red skin, K3 = ripe ( > 70% red skin. Factor II is storage duration which consisted of 5 (five level : P1 = 0 day, P2 = 5 days, P3 = 10 days, P4 = 15 days, P5 = 20 days, with 2 (two replications. The analysis conducted on tomatoes were weight loss, solusble solids concentration, total acid, and vitamin C. The results showed that the tomatoes were coated chitosan could inhibit weight loss, soluble solids concentration, total acid, and vitamin C than untreated tomatoes (control. Chitosan coating with a concentration of 1% and a long soaking for 10 minutes on the tomatoes with the maturity stages of 0-10% skin red and 30-60% skin red could maintain in good condition for 20 days of storage. But the tomatoes with the maturity stage > 70% red skin only able to survive 10 days of storage.

PENGARUH INOKULASI MIKORIZA VESIKULA ARBUSKULA (MVA CAMPURAN TERHADAP KEMUNCULAN PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum

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Uswatun Hasanah

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Tomato has an important role to fullfil the nutrition of society. The most important problem in the cultivation of tomatoes is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum it will attacking the plants from nursery to adult. One of the alternative control is use the Vesicles Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM. The success of VAM infection in plants is determined by the dose and the inoculation. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of dose and mixture VAM inoculation to against the emergence of fusarium wilt in tomato plants and to determine the dosage mixture VAM inoculation as the most effective way for controlling fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The method of this research used experimental with completely randomized design. The experimental treatment consists of two types of treatment that are combined with used 5 doses of VAM mixture (0 g/plant, 10 g/plant, 12,5 g/plant, 15 g/plant, 17,5 g/plant and used two ways of inoculation ( inoculation when the seed is planted and inoculation when transplanting the seeds. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each test are three plants. The parameters was observed the incubation period of the disease and the intensity of fusarium wilt as the main parameter and the measurement of pH, temperature, humidity room, and the degree of infection as supporting parameters. The results of this research showed that the dosage and inoculation of VAM mixture is not able to reduce the emergence of fusarium wilt on tomatoes, but it was able to extend the incubation period of fusarium wilt on tomato plants a dose with 10 g /plant inoculated plants when the seeds are planted and inoculation when transplanting the seeds.

Asimetría en la transmisión de precios del tomate en el occidente de México

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Imelda Rosana Cih Dzul

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se utilizó el concepto de transmisión de precios para evaluar el proceso de integración vertical de un mercado agrícola y sus posibles implicaciones en la distribución de los márgenes de comercialización consumidor-productor. El objetivo del trabajo fue cuantificar y caracterizar la transmisión vertical de precios del tomate en el mercado de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Se utilizó un modelo económico de transmisión de precios estimado por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, porque las series de precio resultaron estacionarias. Se encontró que la transmisión de precios es asimétrica, lo que implica que cuando aumenta el precio que paga el consumidor aumenta proporcionalmente más que cuando este disminuye, ello en respuesta a un aumento o disminución de igual magnitud del precio en la central de abastos. La prueba de causalidad evidenció que existe una relación bidireccional del consumidor a la central de abastos y una relación unidireccional consumidor-productor y central de abastos-productor.

La ruta de señalización del acido salicílico juega un papel importante en la resistencia en tomate a Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) mediada por el gen Mi-1

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Muñiz, Mariano; Rodriguez, C.I.; Kaloshian, I.; Nombela, Gloria

2009-01-01

Es bien conocido que la resistencia en tomate a Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) y a tres especies de nematodos formadores de nódulos (Meloidogyne spp.) está mediada por el gen Mi-1. Asimismo, está documentado que el ácido salicílico interviene en los mecanismos de resistencia frente a nematodos formadores de nódulos y áfidos. Recientemente se ha descrito que, en Arabidopsis, el biotipo B de B. tabaci induce defensas activadas por este ácido e inhibe las del ácido...

Evaluación agronómica de tomate (licopersicon esculentum m en invernadero

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Fernando Borrego

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la adaptación de genotipos de tomate, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Los genotipos fueron: híbridos: Contessa, Summer Flavor 5000, Summer Flavor 6000, Celebrity, Bonita, Shady Lady, Sunbolt, Sunny, Heat Wave y Olympic; y la variedad FloraDade como testigo. Se evaluaron variables fisiológicas y de rendimiento. Las variables fisiológicas se determinaron en tres evaluaciones en el ciclo del cultivo, en tres horas del día y dos posiciones de hoja en cada evaluación. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas (p≤0,05 entre rendimiento en t/ha, y rendimiento promedio/ planta/corte, frutos/planta/corte y rendimiento/planta, y entre fotosíntesis y uso eficiente del agua. En el análisis de componentes principales, se encontró que los primeros cinco componentes tuvieron un Eigenvalor mayor a uno, explicando los tres primeros un 72% de la varianza total. El primer componente, con un 36% de la variación total, se debió a las “características de rendimiento”, el segundo componente, con un 23% de la variación total, se debió a las “características de regulación interna de temperatura” y el componente cinco, con un 7,4 % de la variación, a la “producción eficiente de fotosintatos”. El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple fue significativo (p≤0,01. El rendimiento en t/ha, se explica por una ecuación lineal múltiple (r2= 0,98 de cuatro variables

Determinación de residuos de plaguicidas órgano fosforados en muestras de tomate

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Paola A. Castro

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la presencia de residuos de diez plaguicidas organofosforados (POPs en tomates adquiridos en la central de abastos y en una cadena de supermercados de Bogotá, usando extracción líquido-líquido (LLE y determinación analítica mediante un equipo de Cromatografía de Gases de Alta Resolución (HRGC - Detector Fotométrico de Llama (FPD. Los plaguicidas analizados fueron: Clorfevinfos, Clorpirifos, Demeton O, Demeton S, Diclorofentión, Dimetoato, Famfur, Leptofos, Metilparation y Triclorfon. Se analizaron diez muestras obtenidas en la central mayoritaria de abastos y ocho muestras de una cadena de supermercados de las cuales el 55% presentó contaminación con Dimetoato, aunque ninguna sobrepasó el límite máximo de residuos (LMR de 1 mg/kg establecido por el Codex alimentario. También se encontraron residuos de Metilparatíon y Clorfevinfos, en ambos casos dentro de los límites permitidos. / The presence of ten organophosphorus pesticides was studied in tomatoes acquired from markets in Bogotá (Colombia, using Liquid-liquid Extraction (LLE and High Resolution Gas Chromatography (HRGC with flame photometric detector (FPD. The pesticides analyzed were: Chlorfevinphos, Chlorpyrifos, Demeton O, Demeton S, Dichlofenthion, Dimethoate, Famphur, Leptophos and Trichlorfon. Eighteen samples were analyzed in which fifty five percent were contaminated with Dimethoate. Dimethoate levels in the contaminated samples were below the maximun residue levels (MRL of 1 mg/kg established by the Codex alimentarius. Residues of Methyl parathion and Chlorfevinphos were also found, below the MRL.

Respiratory behavior of turning stage mature tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. under closed system at different temperature

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Ranjeet Singh

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The respiration rate and respiratory quotient of mature tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. ‘Himsona’ fruits harvested at the turning stage were determined under closed system at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 °C (ambient temperatures. The rate of respiration was higher at the start of the experiment and gradually declined as the storage period prolonged, before becoming almost constant. The steady-state respiration rate for CO2 evolution were observed to be 14.35, 15.04,19.95, 21.7 and 20.3 ml/kg-h at 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The RQ values for tomato varied from 0.55 to 1.10 with time under the experimental conditions. The respiration rate at steady state based on carbon dioxide evolution and oxygen consumption in closed condition decreased by about 46 % and 73 %, respectively relative to initial respiration rate values at normal air atmosphere. The results suggest that the respiration rate of tomato increased with temperature and decrease with storage time.

[Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling of the WOX family genes in Solanum lycopersicum].

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Li, Xiao-xu; Liu, Cheng; Li, Wei; Zhang, Zeng-lin; Gao, Xiao-ming; Zhou, Hui; Guo, Yong-feng

2016-05-01

Members of the plant-specific WOX transcription factor family have been reported to play important roles in cell to cell communication as well as other physiological and developmental processes. In this study, ten members of the WOX transcription factor family were identified in Solanum lycopersicum with HMMER. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, maximum-likelihood tree and Bayesian-inference tree were constructed and similar topologies were shown using the protein sequences of the homeodomain. Phylogenetic study revealed that the 25 WOX family members from Arabidopsis and tomato fall into three clades and nine subfamilies. The patterns of exon-intron structures and organization of conserved domains in Arabidopsis and tomato were consistent based on the phylogenetic results. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression patterns of SlWOXs were different in different tissue types. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggested that, as transcription factors, the SlWOX family members could be involved in a number of biological processes including cell to cell communication and tissue development. Our results are useful for future studies on WOX family members in tomato and other plant species.

The Control of Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill Farms

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K. Shirdel

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Broomrape would have irreversible effects on tomatoes in all growth stages and the damage would be unrecoverable. In order to chemically control Orobanche spp with consumption of bio-fertilizer in tomato cultivation, an experiment as factorial based on complete randomized blocks design in three replications and 12 plots was carried out at a farm which is located in Mahabad city (Iran. In this experiment, the experimental factors were including: A- sulfosulfuron 35 g/ha in three levels (application, at 40 days after transplanting of seedlings, application at 60 days and after sample transplanting without any chemical spraying, B and C: bio- fertilizers, Barvar -2 and Nitrajin in two levels (application and non-application of bio-fertilizer, were taken place. The results showed that Sulfosulfuron treatment at the rate of 35 gr/ha, with- twice application of 40 and 60 days after transplanting of seedlings decreased the biomass of Orobanche aegyptiaca in surface level and also it was possible to decrease the biomass per tomato bush and Orobanche aegyptiaca biomass to amount of 75%, 57% and 60% respectively compare to the main treatment without applying any kind of spray application. The applied bio-fertilizer-2 decreased the amount of fruit and economical function of tomato. The applying phosphate biofertilizer-2 resulted in a decrease in economical function of Lycopersicum esculentum and number of ripen fruits. However none of the applied treatment was influential on diameter and weight of ripen fruits.

Diversity, distribution and dynamics of full-length Copia and Gypsy LTR retroelements in Solanum lycopersicum.

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Paz, Rosalía Cristina; Kozaczek, Melisa Eliana; Rosli, Hernán Guillermo; Andino, Natalia Pilar; Sanchez-Puerta, Maria Virginia

2017-10-01

Transposable elements are the most abundant components of plant genomes and can dramatically induce genetic changes and impact genome evolution. In the recently sequenced genome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the estimated fraction of elements corresponding to retrotransposons is nearly 62%. Given that tomato is one of the most important vegetable crop cultivated and consumed worldwide, understanding retrotransposon dynamics can provide insight into its evolution and domestication processes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide in silico search of full-length LTR retroelements in the tomato nuclear genome and annotated 736 full-length Gypsy and Copia retroelements. The dispersion level across the 12 chromosomes, the diversity and tissue-specific expression of those elements were estimated. Phylogenetic analysis based on the retrotranscriptase region revealed the presence of 12 major lineages of LTR retroelements in the tomato genome. We identified 97 families, of which 77 and 20 belong to the superfamilies Copia and Gypsy, respectively. Each retroelement family was characterized according to their element size, relative frequencies and insertion time. These analyses represent a valuable resource for comparative genomics within the Solanaceae, transposon-tagging and for the design of cultivar-specific molecular markers in tomato.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of GRAS transcription factors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

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Niu, Yiling; Zhao, Tingting; Xu, Xiangyang; Li, Jingfu

2017-01-01

Solanum lycopersicum , belonging to Solanaceae, is one of the commonly used model plants. The GRAS genes are transcriptional regulators, which play a significant role in plant growth and development, and the functions of several GRAS genes have been recognized, such as, axillary shoot meristem formation, radial root patterning, phytohormones (gibberellins) signal transduction, light signaling, and abiotic/biotic stress; however, only a few of these were identified and functionally characterized. In this study, a gene family was analyzed comprehensively with respect to phylogeny, gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern; the 54 GRAS members were screened from tomato by bioinformatics for the first time. The GRAS genes among tomato, Arabidopsis , rice, and grapevine were rebuilt to form a phylogenomic tree, which was divided into ten groups according to the previous classification of Arabidopsis and rice. A multiple sequence alignment exhibited the typical GRAS domain and conserved motifs similar to other gene families. Both the segmental and tandem duplications contributed significantly to the expansion and evolution of the GRAS gene family in tomato; the expression patterns across a variety of tissues and biotic conditions revealed potentially different functions of GRAS genes in tomato development and stress responses. Altogether, this study provides valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analysis for improving the resistance of tomato growth.

Osmotic Effect of Conditioning on Seeds of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L. Santa Clara Variety

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Brigitte Liliana Moreno Medina

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. is one of the most important vegetables in the world, taking into account its nutritional potential and high economic value. In this crop the quality of seed depends on various factors, one of which is its physiology, which is determined by a germination and viability test. Osmotic seed conditioning is reported to be a technique for improving the physiological quality through the uniformity of the germination percentage. For this reason, the objective of this research was to evaluate the osmotic conditioning on tomato seeds of the Santa Clara variety. Using treatments of four doses of potassium nitrate (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1 , the seeds were imbibitioned for 24 hours in solution and then washed with distilled water. They were placed in petri dishes in random order with three replications for a total of 12 experimental units, consisting of 35 seeds. The method seeks to hydrate the seeds with a solution of given concentration and for a period of time, in order to activate the seed metabolism. The best result was obtained with the treatment of 200 mg L-1 of potassium nitrate, followed by 400 mg L-1 , represented by a lower TMG , lower and higher PG VMG.

Qualidade pós-colheita de tomates 'Débora' com utilização de diferentes coberturas comestíveis e temperaturas de armazenamento Quality of 'Debora' tomato using different edible coatings and storage temperatures

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Marcela Chiumarelli

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas comestíveis sobre a qualidade pós-colheita do tomate de mesa cv. Débora. Foram utilizadas as seguintes coberturas: cera de carnaúba Fruit Wax H2 (18%, emulsão de resinas Fruit Wax M-AC (18% e cera de carnaúba Megh Wax ECF-124 (18%; tomates sem cera serviram de controle. Foram utilizados 40 frutos por tratamento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após a limpeza e aplicação das ceras, os frutos foram armazenados a 12,5°C e 25°C e 90% de umidade relativa. Análises para perda de massa fresca (%, coloração e qualidade foram realizadas durante quinze dias. No final do período de armazenagem, os frutos foram avaliados quanto à firmeza, pH, concentração de sólidos solúveis, vitamina C e acidez. Foi realizada também análise sensorial para frutos armazenados nas duas diferentes temperaturas. O tratamento com Megh Wax ECF-124 proporcionou menor perda de massa e frutos mais firmes em ambas as temperaturas. Tomates tratados com Fruit Wax M-AC e Megh Wax ECF-124 apresentaram maior porcentagem de frutos apropriados ao consumo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quanto à coloração e análises químicas, exceto para os frutos cobertos com Fruit Wax M-AC, que apresentaram menor teor de vitamina C em ambas as temperaturas e maior pH a 25°C. As ceras Fruit Wax M-AC e Megh Wax ECF-124 não interferiram no sabor e no odor dos frutos. A aplicação de cera contribui para uma diminuição na perda de massa e decréscimo no número de frutos descartados devido a danos físicos e podridões, sendo que Megh Wax ECF-124 é mais eficiente na manutenção da qualidade de tomates de mesa.This study aimed at evaluating the effect of edible coatings on tomato cv. Debora post-harvest quality. The following waxing emulsions were used: wax of carnauba Fruit Wax H2 (18%, emulsion of resins Fruit Wax M-AC (18% and wax of carnauba Megh Wax ECF-124 (18%; tomatoes without

RESIDUOS DE CAMARÓN SIETE BARBAS COMO ABONO ORGÁNICO EN EL CULTIVO DE TOMATE

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Xiomara Treminio.L.

2015-04-01

Full Text Available La investigación se desarrolló con la finalidad de evaluar el comportamiento de plántulas de tomate (Lycopersiconesculentum mill de la variedad peto 98 bajo diferentes dosificaciones de abono orgánico elaborado a base de desechos de camarón siete barbas (Xiphopenaeuskroyeri. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la comunidad de Rocky Point, Municipio de Laguna de Perlas, en donde la naturaleza del experimento se cataloga como un arreglo unifactorial, empleándose un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar (BCA, con 4 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas correspondieron a: altura de la planta (cm, diámetro de tallo (cm y porcentaje de rendimiento (Kg, las variables se sometieron a un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA  con un 95% de confianza y prueba de rangos múltiples según el criterio de Tukey con 0.05 para la separación de medias. La mayor altura (parte aérea de las plántulas fue con el tratamiento 3 (T3 con 250 g/planta, el segundo mejor valor de altura correspondió al tratamiento 2 (T2 con 350g/planta, seguido de los tratamientos 4 (T4, con 150 g/planta y tratamiento 1 (T1 como testigo. Con respecto al diámetro se observó que en los primeros 45 días después de la siembra los T3 (250g y T3 (350,  no muestran diferencias significativas siendo los tratamientos en donde se obtuvo un mejor comportamiento, seguido de los T4 (150 g y T1 (testigo, en cuanto a rendimiento de las plántulas de tomate, el comportamiento fue similar al diámetro en donde los T2 y T3, presentan mejores rendimientos en cosecha, seguidos por los T4 y T1.SummaryThe research was developed in order to evaluate the tomato seedlings behaviour (Lycopersiconesculentum mill of the variety breastplate 98, under different dosages of compost made from seabob shrimp waste (Xiphopenaeuskroyeri. The experiment took place in the community of Rocky Point, Municipality of Pearl Lagoon, where the nature of the experiment is classified as a

Estabilidade de extrato de tomate em embalagens metálicas com baixo revestimento de estanho Stability of canned tomato concentrate in metal packaging with reduced tin layer

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Sílvia Tondella Dantas

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de latas de três peças eletrossoldadas, com corpo produzido em folha de flandres com camada de estanho de 2,0 g.m-2 no lado interno, contendo 350 g de extrato de tomate; o material dessa lata é uma alternativa à folha comumente utilizada no Brasil para acondicionamento de extrato de tomate, com 2,8 g de Sn.m-2. As latas contendo o produto foram condicionadas a 35 °C pelo período de 24 meses. Durante a estocagem, foram realizadas avaliações periódicas, incluindo determinações de estanho, ferro e cromo no alimento, pressão interna, composição gasosa do espaço livre e avaliação da aparência da superfície interna da embalagem, com o objetivo de se verificar a interação embalagem-alimento. Após o período estudado, pôde-se concluir que essa embalagem é uma opção viável para 13 meses de estocagem do produto, à temperatura ambiente de até 35 °C.The performance of three piece welded cans produced in tinplate with an internal tin layer of 2.0 g.m-2, containing 350 g of tomato concentrate, as an alternative to the sheet normally used for tomato concentrate in Brazil, presenting 2.8 g Sn.m-2, was evaluated. The filled cans were conditioned at a temperature of 35 °C for 24 months. The tin, iron and chromium contents of the product, can internal pressure and headspace gas composition were determined periodically, as well as a visual evaluation of the appearance of the internal surface of the can, in order to monitor package/food interactions. After completing the storage period it was concluded that such cans were a viable option for 13 months of storage of the product at an ambient temperature of up to 35 °C.

El injerto en tomate (Solanum licopersicum Mill. alternativa al cambio climático

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Santiago Maradiaga

2017-03-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad la producción de hortalizas a campo abierto en Honduras se ha vuelto difícil para poder concluir el ciclo vegetativo por las inclemencias del cambio climático que en la mayoría de las áreas con potencial para establecer esto cultivos sobre todo las solanáceas y cucurbitáceas son afectados por enfermedades de origen telúrico. Estos organismos causan considerables pérdidas en los rendimientos. El injerto herbáceo es una práctica cultural que confiere a las plantas una mayor tolerancia frente a los factores abióticos (temperatura, salinidad, estrés hídrico, etc.. En la Universidad Nacional de Agricultura se ha venido investigando con esta técnica a cieloabierto con resultados aceptables sin desmejorar los rendimientos y calidad. Se evaluó el comportamiento de dos portainjertos criollos en tomate con dos variedades de uso común en los productores Pony y Belfas donde los tratamientos fueron T1 (Cherry/Pony, T2 (Cherry/Belfast, T3 (Belfast/Pony, T4 (Pony y T5 (Belfast. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, las variables evaluadas fueron: Porcentaje de pegue,compatibilidad, altura de planta, días a floración, diámetro de tallo, calibres de fruto, grados brix en el fruto, biomasafresca de la raíz, numero de frutos por planta y rendimiento. Los resultados obtenidos para todas las variables muestra que las plantas injertadas mostraron mayores valores que las no injertadas, resaltando rendimiento donde el T1 reporto 60 ton/ha en relación al testigo 40 ton/ha.

Influence of spray drying conditions on the physical properties of dried pulp tomato Influência das condições de secagem por atomização sobre as propriedades físicas da polpa de tomate desidratada

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Alexandre Santos Souza

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A complet factorial experimental design was applied to determinate the influence of the variable inlet air temperature, feed flow rate, and atomizer speed on the physical properties of the tomato pulp powder. Results showed that these variables had a significant positive effect on the moisture content, apparent density, and particle size and no significant effects on the porosity and true density. The best spray drying conditions to produce lower moisture content and higher apparent density tomato powder were inlet air temperature of 200 °C, feed flow rate of 276 g/min, and atomizer speed of 30000 rpm.Um planejamento fatorial completo foi aplicado para determinar a influência das variáveis: temperatura de entrada do ar, vazão de alimentação e velocidade do atomizador sobre as propriedades físicas da polpa de tomate em pó. Resultados mostraram que estas variáveis tiveram um efeito positivo significativo sobre o conteúdo de umidade, densidade aparente e tamanho da partícula e não significativo sobre a porosidade e densidade verdadeira. As melhores condições de secagem por atomização para produção de tomate em pó, menor conteúdo de umidade e maior densidade aparente foram: temperatura do ar de entrada: 200 °C; vazão da alimentação: 276 g/min; e velocidade do atomizador: 30000 rpm.

ANÁLISE DOS ASPECTOS ECONÔMICOS E AMBIENTAIS DA CADEIA AGROINDUSTRIAL DO TOMATE NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

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Claudia Regina Rosal Carvalho

2009-06-01

Full Text Available ResumoO presente artigo analisa a conjuntura do setor agroindustrial produtor de tomate para processamento através da verificação dos recentes movimentos estratégicos das empresas, assim como do restante da cadeia produtiva, para que se possam comprovar os impactos da relação existente entre o setor produtor de matéria-prima e a indústria processadora. Com isso, é possível identificar os novos campos organizacionais a partir dos interesses dessa relação. O dinamismo da produção que leva em consideração o aprofundamento da especialização e a diversificação produtiva, além de outras estratégias, visa um aumento da produtividade e a busca por maior lucratividade. Como conseqüência, o resultado desse processo foi um novo dinamismo para o setor e mudanças de localização, projetando também problemas como a concentração da oferta de produtos, a aceleração da mudança tecnológica, os desequilíbrios regionais e impactos ambientais derivados desse novo modelo organizacional baseado nos contratos.

Effet de pratiques de fertilisation azotée sur la sensibilité d’une culture de tomate à l’oïdium et la pourriture grise en conditions de production sous serre.

OpenAIRE

Ozayou, Saddik

2011-01-01

L’azote est le principal élément nutritif utilisé pour le contrôle des maladies aériennes sous abris. Dans ce stage, nous avons étudié l’effet de trois régimes de fertilisation azotée (4 mmoles/L, 8 mmoles/L et 16 mmoles/L) sur la physiologie de la plante et la sensibilité de la tomate à l’Oidium neolycopersici et à Botrytis cinerea en conditions de production sous serre. Pour ce faire, nous avons inoculé différents organes aériens des plantes dans la serre ou au laboratoire de l’INRA d’Alény...

The development of an analytical method for two mycotoxins, patulin and verruculogen, and survey of their presence in commercial tomato pulp Desenvolvimento de um método analítico para duas micotoxinas, patulina e verruculogeno, e levantamento da sua incidência em polpa comercial de tomate

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Luciane M. Kawashima

2002-09-01

Full Text Available The mycotoxin patulin causes gastroinstestinal distress, neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects in animals. It can be produced by several species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys and it has been found in fruits, vegetables and cereals. Verruculogen is a toxin produced mainly by Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. and causes severe tremors in affected animals. Tomatoes are especially susceptible to fungi invasion and their products need to be investigated for possible mycotoxin contamination. A method for the determination of patulin and verruculogen in tomato products was developed involving an extraction with ethyl acetate, a cleanup by silica gel column and determination and confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The quantification limits of the method, defined as the minimum amount that allowed quantification and confirmation by the DAD detector, were 10 ng/g and 20 ng/g. The average recovery for patulin at five levels of addition (from 20 to 200 ng/g was 75% and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 90 % .The average recovery for verruculogen at five levels of addition (from 50 to 300 ng/g was 54% and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 52%. The processing of two tomato plants was followed during 1996, 1997, and 1998. Eighty-four samples of tomato pulp were analyzed for patulin and verruculogen. The toxins were not detected in any of the samples.A micotoxina patulina causa distúrbios gastrointestinais e efeitos neurotóxicos e imunotóxicos em animais. Pode ser produzida por várias espécies de Penicillium, Aspergillus e Byssochlamys e tem sido encontrada em frutas, verduras e cereais. Verruculogeno é uma toxina produzida principalmente por espécies de Penicillium e Aspergillus e causa fortes tremores em animais afetados. Tomates são especialmente susceptíveis a invasão fúngica e seus produtos precisam ser investigados com relação a possíveis contaminações por micotoxinas. Um m

Characterization of WRKY transcription factors in Solanum lycopersicum reveals collinearity and their expression patterns under cold treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Lin; Yang, Yang; Liu, Can; Zheng, Yanyan; Xu, Mingshuang; Wu, Na; Sheng, Jiping; Shen, Lin

2015-08-28

WRKY transcription factors play an important role in cold defense of plants. However, little information is available about the cold-responsive WRKYs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In the present study, a complete characterization of this gene family was described. Eighty WRKY genes in the tomato genome were identified. Almost all WRKY genes contain putative stress-responsive cis-elements in their promoter regions. Segmental duplications contributed significantly to the expansion of the SlWRKY gene family. Transcriptional analysis revealed notable differential expression in tomato tissues and expression patterns under cold stress, which indicated wide functional divergence in this family. Ten WRKYs in tomato were strongly induced more than 2-fold during cold stress. These genes represented candidate genes for future functional analysis of WRKYs involved in the cold-related signal pathways. Our data provide valuable information about tomato WRKY proteins and form a foundation for future studies of these proteins, especially for those that play an important role in response to cold stress. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Response of tomato to different concentrations of nutrients Respuesta del tomate chonto cultivar Unapal Maravilla,

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Mejía de Tafur Maria Sara

2007-06-01

Full Text Available In the greenhouse of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Palmira branch an experiment to determine the nutritional requirements of tomato UNAPAL Maravilla under hidroponic system, using reactive degree salts and distilled water was carried out. The data demonstrated that the suitable stage of development to determine the nutricional requirements is 47 days after planting, since the plants are in preflowering, shortly before beginning the linear phase of growth. The nutritionale requirement of tomato is: N, 13 - 20 mM; P, 1 - 1,5 mM; K, 5 - 8 mM; Ca, 4 - 6 mM; and Mg, 2 - 4 mM.En las casas de malla de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira se realizó un experimento con el objetivo de determinar los requerimientos nutricionales del tomate UNAPAL Maravilla para lo cual se empleó el sistema de hidroponía con sales grado reactivo y agua destilada y se escogió un diseño completamente al azar con 16 tratamientos y cinco repeticiones, se realizaron evaluaciones a los 27, 34, 42, 54 y 92 dds. La etapa de desarrollo adecuada para determinar los requerimientos nutricionales se presentó a los 47 dds en prefloración, poco antes de comenzar la fase lineal de crecimiento. Los requerimientos de N estuvieron entre 13 - 20 mM; los de P, 1 - 1.5 mM; los de K, 5 - 8 mM; los de Ca, 4 - 6 mM; y los de Mg, 2 - 4 mM.

Genome-wide identification, sequence characterization, and protein-protein interaction properties of DDB1 (damaged DNA binding protein-1)-binding WD40-repeat family members in Solanum lycopersicum.

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Zhu, Yunye; Huang, Shengxiong; Miao, Min; Tang, Xiaofeng; Yue, Junyang; Wang, Wenjie; Liu, Yongsheng

2015-06-01

One hundred DDB1 (damaged DNA binding protein-1)-binding WD40-repeat domain (DWD) family genes were identified in the S. lycopersicum genome. The DWD genes encode proteins presumably functioning as the substrate recognition subunits of the cullin4-ring ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. These findings provide candidate genes and a research platform for further gene functionality and molecular breeding study. A subclass of DDB1 (damaged DNA binding protein-1)-binding WD40-repeat domain (DWD) family proteins has been demonstrated to function as the substrate recognition subunits of the cullin4-ring ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. However, little information is available about the cognate subfamily genes in tomato (S. lycopersicum). In this study, based on the recently released tomato genome sequences, 100 tomato genes encoding DWD proteins that potentially interact with DDB1 were identified and characterized, including analyses of the detailed annotations, chromosome locations and compositions of conserved amino acid domains. In addition, a phylogenetic tree, which comprises of three main groups, of the subfamily genes was constructed. The physical interaction between tomato DDB1 and 14 representative DWD proteins was determined by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The subcellular localization of these 14 representative DWD proteins was determined. Six of them were localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm, seven proteins exclusively in cytoplasm, and one protein either in nucleus and cytoplasm, or exclusively in cytoplasm. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the expansion of these subfamily members in tomato predominantly resulted from two whole-genome triplication events in the evolution history.

Evaluación del desarrollo del cultivo de tomate (Solanum licopersicum L. bajo dos tipos de cubiertas plásticas en Piedecuesta, Santander

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Milthon Albeiro Rodríguez-Caro

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Actualmente  existe  una  problemática  para  la homogenización  en  la  producción de  tomate, pues la falta de investigación en aspectos como  la distancia  de siembra o  selección del  plástico adecuado para  las condiciones climáticas, hace que el rendimiento de la hortaliza no sea óptimo. Así el objetivo de  la presente investigación  fue evaluar el plástico de cubierta más apropiado para mejorar la producción del cultivo de  tomate. Teniendo en cuenta que en la zona predominaba el Agrolene Verde  rosa  (AVR,  se decidió  evaluar AgrolenePerlino (AP, considerando recomendaciones de calidad en  recepción de  luz  y  regulación de  la temperatura hechas por  la empresa productora del plástico;  adicionalmente,  se  evaluaron  tres distancias de siembra  (ds,  las cuales  fueron  los tratamientos  (T: 30  (T1, 35 (T2 y 40cm (T3 entre plantas;  se  anotó  la  fecha  de  trasplante  y  se estableció que en AVR, la primera cosecha se hizo a los 84 días después del trasplante (DDT y en AP  aplicó  a  los  80 DDT.  Los  tratamientos  se recolectaron,  se  pesaron  y  clasificaron independientemente;  la clasificación se determinó como:  extra  (G; Primera  (M;  Segunda(MM  y Tercera  (MMM;  la mejor  producción  en  los tratamientos se observó con T2 en  los dos bloques, el cual tuvo una diferencia significativa con T1 y T3, aunque en la clasificación fue T3 el que mas produjo G. Se realizó la comparación entre AP ý AVR,   se   determinó que AP fue significativamente superior que AVR en todas las ds y su respectiva clasificación, concluyendo  la acción benéfica que posee AP al mantener temperaturas reguladas.

Oxidative stress and antioxidative mechanisms in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) plants sprayed with different pesticides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yildiztekin, M.; Kaya, C.

2015-01-01

A glasshouse experiment was conducted to appraise the influence of exogenously applied pesticides such as abamectin, thiamethoxam, pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid on oxidative defence system and some key physiological attributes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Each of these pesticides was applied in three doses (recommended dose, twice and three times higher than the recommended dose). Higher doses of pesticides sprayed to the plants resulted in marked increase in leaf free proline content and electrolyte leakage, but in a decrease in shoot dry matter, chl a, chl b and chl a+b in tomato plants as compared to those plants not sprayed with pesticides. These reductions were greater in tomato plants sprayed with highest doses of thiamethoxam (144 mg L-1), whereas the reverse was true for proline content and electrolyte leakage. The foliar application of pesticides at the highest levels caused enhanced accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in most cases, and these being greater in treatment of foliar application of thiamethoxam at the highest level. The highest doses of pesticides promoted the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in most cases. The results clearly indicate that application of pesticides at higher doses than recommended doses provoked both oxidative and antioxidative systems in tomato plants. (author)

Linkage mapping of candidate genes for induce resistance and growth promotion by trichoderma koningiopsis (th003) in tomato solanum lycopersicum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simbaqueba, Jaime; Cotes, Alba Marina; Barrero, Luz Stella

2011-01-01

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a mechanism by which plants enhance defenses against any stress condition. ISR and growth promotion are enhanced when tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is inoculated with several strains of Trichoderma ssp. this study aims to genetically map tomato candidate genes involved in ISR and growth promotion induced by the Colombian native isolate Trichoderma koningiopsis th003. Forty-nine candidate genes previously identified on tomato plants treated with th003 and T. hamatum T382 strains were evaluated for polymorphisms and 16 of them were integrated on the highly saturated genetic linkage map named TOMATO EXPEN 2000. The location of six unigenes was similar to the location of resistance gene analogs (RGAS), defense related ests and resistance QTLs previously reported, suggesting new possible candidates for these quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. The candidate gene-markers may be used for future ISR or growth promotion assisted selection in tomato.

Evaluación y selección de un protocolo para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate Unapal-Arreboles Evaluation and selection of a protocol for in vitro regeneration of tomato variety Unapal-Arreboles

OpenAIRE

Hernando Ramírez; Zaida Lentini; Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera

2009-01-01

Se compararon tres medios de cultivo para seleccionar el apropiado para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate UNAPAL-Arreboles. Se evaluó la producción de callos/explante, brotes/explante y plántulas /explante. El análisis de varianza y la prueba de Duncan permitieron concluir que el medio M3 presentó los mejores promedios para las variables evaluadas.The main objective of this research was to carried out the comparison of three culture medium of major use for in vitro regeneratio...

USE OF ZEIN AND ETHYLCELLULOSE AS BIODEGRADABLE FILM ON EVALUATION OF POST-HARVEST CHANGES IN TOMATO (Lycopersicum esculentum

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C.E. Chávez-Murillo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The worldwide pollution index registered in the last decades has conducted to develop methods for biodegradation and reutilization of contaminant materials. From here rises the necessity to elaborate biodegradable packaging materials. In this study, a biodegradable zein and ethylcellulose based film was developed and used as a covering material to evaluate its effect on the enzymatic activity of pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase, texture, respiration rate and weight loss of tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum. Biodegradable film decreased the weight loss rate and softening of the fruits. However, enzymatic activity and respiration rate were not affected by the film application. The results showed that the changes in tomato are due to physical effects of water loss more than a metabolic change. By using this material, it was possible to lower tomato’s respiration rate in comparison with controls causing a lesser loss of weight. Biodegradable film delayed change in color as well as texture compared with controls. There was a significant difference in pectin methyl esterase activity in the covered tomato, but there was no difference in polygalacturonase activity.

Beneficios de la cobertura muerta para el cultivo del tomate (Solanumlycopersicum L. en Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.

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Kolima Peña Calzada

2012-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la utilización de biomasa vegetal como cobertura muerta del suelo en el cultivo del tomate. Se realizaron dos experimentos en dos agroecosistemas y se utilizó como cobertura biomasa vegetal de ambas fincas. Los experimentos fueron montados en bloque al azar con tres y cuatro repeticiones. El experimento 1 constó de tres tratamientos, uno cubierto con guinea (PanicummaximaPers., otro con junco de laguna (ScirpuslacustrisL. y un Control. En el 2 se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos, uno cubierto con restos de cosecha de arroz (Oryza sativa L. otro con guinea (Panicum máxima, otro con hojas de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L. y un Control. Se realizaron mediciones de temperatura de suelo durante 8 semanas, a las 8:00 horas a las 11:00 horas a las 14:00 horas y 17:00 horas. Además se evaluaron las características morfoagronómicas del cultivo (número de frutos por planta, diámetro y masa de los mismos y el rendimiento productivo. Las características morfoagronómicas mostraron los mejores resultados en los tratamientos cubiertos. Los rendimientos en ambos experimentos fueron estadísticamente superiores donde se utilizó la cobertura del suelo.

PROHEXADIONA DE CALCIO INCREMENTA LA CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE, EL CONTENIDO DE LICOPENO Y LA ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA EN FRUTOS DE TOMATE FLORADADE

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Homero Ramírez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El uso de prohexadiona de calcio (P-Ca en frutales aumenta los niveles de sólidos solubles, antocianinas y aromas en el producto cosechado; el efecto de P-Ca en hortalizas es poco conocido. En este trabajo se evaluaron los cambios que provoca la P-Ca en la capacidad antioxidante total, contenido de licopeno y actividad de las enzimas catalasa y peroxidasa en frutos de tomate bola (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. variedad Floradade. Se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones (0,125, 175 y 200 mg.litro-1 con una y dos aplicaciones. La primera aplicación se realizó cuando las plantas presentaron primordios florales, y la segunda 15 días después. Los resultados sostienen que P-Ca incrementó (P¿0.01 la capacidad antioxidante total de los frutos, principalmente en los frutos en estado de hombros verdes. La concentración de licopeno aumentó en los frutos de plantas tratadas con cualquiera de las dosis de P-Ca, con una mayor concentración en frutos en hombros verdes. Asimismo, con la aplicación de P-Ca la actividad de la catalasa y peroxidasa aumentó significativamente (P¿0.01.

Etude de trois souches d'Arthrobotrys oligospora : Caractérisation biologique et effets sur Meloidogyne mayaguensis parasite de la tomate au Sénégal

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Gueyei, M.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Etude de trois souches d'Arthrobotrys oligospora : Caractérisation biologique et effets sur Meloidogyne mayaguensis parasite de la tomate au Sénégal. Three strains (ORS 18690 S2, ORS 18691 S6 and ORS 18693 S5 of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora have been isolated in Senegal for the first time. In vitro, two strains (ORS 18690 S2 and ORS 18693 S5 of them trapped 100 % and the other (ORS 18691 S5 80 %> of 7-day-old juvenile Meloidogyne mayaguensis within 48h. Optimal growth occured at 25-30°C and at a pH 5.6, but salinity inhibited development. In order to test the ability of fungi to control M. mayaguensis in pots on tomato, the fungus was incorporated into compost blocks or in vermiculite before sowing or subsequent transplanting. In pot experiments both strains reduced nematode populations ans stimulated seedling growth. However, these effects were higher in compost blocks than in vermiculite.

Correlations between yield and fruit quality characteristics of fresh market tomatoes Correlações entre caracteres de produção e qualidade de frutos de tomate de mesa

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Lívia M de Souza

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations were estimated for all possible pairs among eleven characters of tomatoes. Fifteen treatments including five parents and ten hybrids of Instituto Agronômico (IAC tomato breeding program were evaluated using a randomized complete block experimental design, with tree replications in Itatiba, São Paulo state, Brazil, during 2005/2006. The following traits were evaluated: fruit yield per plant (FP, fruit number per plant (FN, average fruit weight (FW, cluster number per plant (CN, fruit number per cluster (FC, number of locules per fruit (NL, fruit length (FL, fruit width (WI, fruit wall thickness (FT, total soluble solids (SS, and total titratable acidity (TA. The genotypic (rG, phenotypic (rF and environmental correlations (rA for two pairs of plant traits were estimated using the Genes© program. High similarity was found among the estimates of genotypic and phenotypic correlations. Positive and high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between FP and the traits FN, FW and FT, and these associations contributed for yield increasing. FW and FT contributed to yield increase and should be considered together as primary yield components in tomato. Positive values of the genotypic and phenotypic correlations revealed that FP influenced FN with high direct effect and significant positive correlation. These traits may be included as the main selection criteria for tomato yield improvement.Correlações fenotípica, genotípica e ambiental foram estimadas entre todos os possíveis pares de onze caracteres de tomate de mesa. Quinze tratamentos, incluindo cinco parentais e dez híbridos do programa de melhoramento de tomate do Instituto Agronômico (IAC foram testados no delineamento em blocos casualizados completos, em Itatiba-SP, em 2005/2006. Os seguintes caracteres foram avaliados: produção (FP, número (FN e peso médio do fruto (FW, número de pencas por planta (CN, número de

2525-IJBCS-Article-Paul Ayihadji Fernand H

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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La tomate est un produit maraîcher très important dans l'alimentation humaine en Afrique et dans le monde. ... montrent que pour transformer 15 kg de tomate, la durée de cuisson et la consommation en énergie pour la ..... sauce tomate.

Efecto de un bioproducto a base de Pseudomona aeruginosa en el cultivo del tomate (Solanum licopersicum Mill

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Elein Terry Alfonso

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El uso de bioproductos se incrementa gradualmente en la agricultura de países que propugnan un cambio hacia un modelo en armonía con el medioambiente. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta del cultivo del tomate a la aplicación del bioproducto Gluticid®, obtenido a partir de metabolitos activos de Pseudomona aeruginosa. Los experimentos se desarrollaron en áreas experimentales del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA de Cuba, y se estudiaron cinco tratamientos, cuatro con la aplicación de Gluticid® y un tratamiento testigo (sin aplicación del producto. Los tratamientos con Gluticid® (5 g.L-1, se realizaron imbibiendo las semillas con el producto (15 y 30 min y a su vez se realizó una segunda aplicación foliar del bioproducto. En el cultivo se evaluaron algunas variables de crecimiento y desarrollo, y se determinó el rendimiento agrícola. Los resultados mostraron la efectividad del bioproducto, destacándose el tratamiento que recibió la aplicación de Gluticid® una sola vez con 30 min de imbibición, confirmándose la efectividad de este bioproducto en la obtención de plantas más vigorosas, así como un estímulo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas con la consiguiente obtención de rendimientos aceptables.

Evaluación de alternativas al uso del polietileno como cubierta del suelo para el manejo de malas hierbas y otros aspectos agronómicos en el cultivo del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum P. Mill.) en España y Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Anzalone Graci, Alvaro Luciano; Zaragoza Larios, Carlos; Aibar Lete, Joaquín

2008-01-01

Se llevaron a cabo ensayos durante tres años en Zaragoza (España) y Quíbor (Venezuela) con el objetivo de evaluar el potencial uso de diferentes restos vegetales, plástico biodegradable y papel como cubiertas de suelo para el control de malas hierbas como alternativa al uso de polietileno no degradable, utilizando al tomate como cultivo modelo. Las cubiertas evaluadas en Zaragoza fueron paja de arroz, paja de cebada, restos de cosecha de maíz, restos frescos Artemisia absinthium, plástico bio...

Metals and metalloids in fruits of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and their cultivation soils in the Basque Country: concentrations and accumulation trends.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena, Azibar; Trebolazabala, Josu; Martinez-Arkarazo, Irantzu; de Diego, Alberto; Madariaga, Juan Manuel

2015-04-15

The concentrations of several elements (Al, Fe, As, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) were measured in soils and the edible part of different vegetables (tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum "Raf") peppers (Capsicum annuum), chards (Betavulgaris var. cicla), artichokes (Cynarascholymus)) and fruits (Raspberries (Rubusidaeus)) from 13 orchards in the Basque Country affected by different pollution sources. Multivariate analysis of data was used to look for possible correlations between metals in soil and metals in the edible part of the plant. Only manganese showed a correlation significantly different from zero. The metal concentrations found in the edible part were always below the upper limits recommended by the European legislation in force. The Bioaccumulation Index was used to investigate how efficient the plant is to uptake an element from the cultivation soil and to preserve its edible part from the element. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) variety discrimination and hybridization analysis based on the 5S rRNA region.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yan-Lin; Kang, Ho-Min; Kim, Young-Sik; Baek, Jun-Pill; Zheng, Shi-Lin; Xiang, Jin-Jun; Hong, Soon-Kwan

2014-05-04

The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is a major vegetable crop worldwide. To satisfy popular demand, more than 500 tomato varieties have been bred. However, a clear variety identification has not been found. Thorough understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and hybridization information of tomato varieties is very important for further variety breeding. Thus, in this study, we collected 26 tomato varieties and attempted to distinguish them based on the 5S rRNA region, which is widely used in the determination of phylogenetic relations. Sequence analysis of the 5S rRNA region suggested that a large number of nucleotide variations exist among tomato varieties. These variable nucleotide sites were also informative regarding hybridization. Chromas sequencing of Yellow Mountain View and Seuwiteuking varieties indicated three and one variable nucleotide sites in the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) of the 5S rRNA region showing hybridization, respectively. Based on a phylogenetic tree constructed using the 5S rRNA sequences, we observed that 16 tomato varieties were divided into three groups at 95% similarity. Rubiking and Sseommeoking, Lang Selection Procedure and Seuwiteuking, and Acorn Gold and Yellow Mountain View exhibited very high identity with their partners. This work will aid variety authentication and provides a basis for further tomato variety breeding.

Enhancing Brassinosteroid Signaling via Overexpression of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum SlBRI1 Improves Major Agronomic Traits

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Shuming Nie

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Brassinosteroids (BRs play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses through the receptor, Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1, which perceives BRs and initiates BR signaling. There is considerable potential agricultural value in regulating BR signaling in crops. In this study, we investigated the effects of overexpressing the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum BRI1 gene, SlBRI1, on major agronomic traits, such as seed germination, vegetative growth, fruit ethylene production, carotenoid accumulation, yield, and quality attributes. SlBRI1 overexpression enhanced the endogenous BR signaling intensity thereby increasing the seed germination rate, lateral root number, hypocotyl length, CO2 assimilation, plant height, and flower size. The transgenic plants also showed an increase in fruit yield and fruit number per plant, although the mean weight of individual fruit was reduced, compared with wild type. SlBRI1 overexpression also promoted fruit ripening and ethylene production, and caused an increase in levels of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, and soluble sugars during fruit ripening. An increased BR signaling intensity mediated by SlBRI1 overexpression was therefore positively correlated with carotenoid accumulation and fruit nutritional quality. Our results indicate that enhancing BR signaling by overexpression of SlBRI1 in tomato has the potential to improve multiple major agronomic traits.

Sequence-based SSR marker development and their application in defining the Introgressions of LA0716 (Solanum pennellii in the background of cv. M82 (Solanum lycopersicum.

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Wenbo Long

Full Text Available The introgression lines (ILs from cv. M82 (Solanum lycopersicum × LA0716 (S. pennellii have been proven to be exceptionally useful for genetic analysis and gene cloning. The introgressions were originally defined by RFLP markers at their development. The objectives of this study are to develop polymorphic SSR markers, and to re-define the DNA introgression from LA0716 in the ILs. Tomato sequence data was scanned by software to generate SSR markers. In total, 829 SSRs, which could be robustly amplified by PCR, were developed. Among them, 658 SSRs were dinucleotide repeats, 162 were trinucleotide repeats, and nine were tetranucleotide repeats. The 829 SSRs together with 96 published RFLPs were integrated into the physical linkage map of S. lycopersicum. Introgressions of DNA fragments from LA0716 were re-defined among the 75 ILs using the newly developed SSRs. A specific introgression of DNA fragment from LA0716 was identified in 72 ILs as described previously by RFLP, whereas the specific DNA introgression described previously were not detected in the ILs LA4035, LA4059 and LA4091. The physical location of each investigated DNA introgression was finely determined by SSR mapping. Among the 72 ILs, eight ILs showed a shorter and three ILs (IL3-2, IL12-3 and IL12-3-1 revealed a longer DNA introgression than that framed by RFLPs. Furthermore, 54 previously undefined segments were found in 21 ILs, ranging from 1 to 11 DNA introgressions per IL. Generally, the newly developed SSRs provide additional markers for genetic studies of tomatoes, and the fine definition of DNA introgressions from LA0716 would facilitate the use of the ILs for genetic analysis and gene cloning.

Metodologia para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de tomate Methodology for the evaluation of tomato seed vigor

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Cibele C Martins

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Os testes de vigor e o teste de germinação são componentes essenciais no controle de qualidade das empresas de produção de sementes. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência de diferentes testes de vigor na avaliação da qualidade de sementes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cinco lotes do híbrido Saladinha foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinação; primeira contagem de germinação; emissão de raiz (56, 72, 80 e 96 horas após a instalação do teste de germinação; emergência de plântulas (substrato em bandejas de poliestireno; envelhecimento acelerado (1g de sementes mantidas a 41ºC por 48 e 72 horas; envelhecimento acelerado com solução salina saturada (mesmo procedimento do item anterior mas usando solução de NaCl, 40% e condutividade elétrica (50 sementes em 25 mL de água destilada em câmara a 25ºC e leituras após 2, 4, 6, 8 e 24 horas. A porcentagem de germinação e os testes de vigor da emissão de raiz primária (após 56 e 72 horas e de condutividade elétrica apresentaram-se correlacionados com a emergência de plântulas. Porém, somente o teste de condutividade elétrica após 24 horas de embebição mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação do vigor das sementes de tomate, fornecendo informações semelhantes à emergência de plântulas.The vigor and germination tests are essential components of seed quality control for the seed industry. In this research an adequate method to estimate vigor of different tomato seed lots was studied. Five lots of tomato seeds of 'Saladinha´ hybrid were submitted to the following tests: germination; first counting of germination; root emission (56, 72, 80, and 96 hours after sowing; seedling emergence on spedling trays; accelerated aging with water (1g of seeds maintained at 41°C during 48 and 72 hours; accelerated aging with salt (the same procedure of last item, but using 40% NaCl solution; electrical conductivity (50 seeds in 25 mL of distillated water at 25

Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of tomato seed oils from processing wastes Características físico-químicas e composição em ácidos graxos de óleos de sementes de tomate de resíduos industriais

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P.R. Cantarelli

1993-05-01

Full Text Available The major component of tomato processing industry wastes is seed. Samples of tomato (Petomech var. pomace from industries of São Paulo state submitted to Hot and Cold Break treatments, were spontaneously fermented and washed to separate seeds. The oils were analysed for specific gravity, iodine and saponifícation numbers, refractive index, viscosity and fatty acid composition. Except for saponifícation number, Hot and Cold Break seed oils were very similar. In both treatments palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid, followed by stearic acid. Linoleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid followed by oleic acid. Both oleic and linoleic acids added up to over 60% of total fatty acids, being higher in Cold Break seed oils. Both treatments produced high nutritional oil quality. Differences in colour and viscosity may incur in more intense refining operations for Brazilian tomato processing industries due to the adoption of the Hot Break treatment.O principal componente de resíduos da industrialização de tomates é a semente. Amostras de resíduos após extração comercial de tomates maduros (var. Petomech submetidas a tratamentos de Hot e Cold Break em indústrias do Estado de São Paulo foram deixadas fermentar espontaneamente e as sementes separadas após lavagem. Os óleos foram analisados quanto ao peso específico, índices de iodo e saponifícação, índice de refração, viscosidade e composição em ácidos graxos. À exceção do índice de saponificação, os óleos dos tratamentos Hot e Cold Break apresentaram-se semelhantes. Em ambos os tratamentos o principal ácido graxo saturado foi o ácido palmítico, seguido pelo ácido esteárico. O ácido linoléico foi o principal ácido graxo insaturado, seguido pelo ácido oléico e juntos somaram a mais de 60% do total de ácidos graxos, o que torna o óleo de tomate recomendável à alimentação humana. As diferenças em cor e viscosidade dos óleos podem implicar num

"You Say Tomato, I Say Solanum Lycopersicum Containing Beta-ionone and Phenylacetaldehyde": an Analysis of Connecticut's GMO Labeling Legislation.

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Nunziato, Travis

2014-01-01

"You Say Tomato, I Say Solanum Lycopersicum Containing Beta-ionone and Phenylacetaldehyde" discusses the importance of requiring labels on products that contain genetically modified organisms, focusing on Connecticut's GMO Labeling statutes, as it is they are the first of their kind in the nation. The article will compare Connecticut's law to the legislation found in Australia, highlighting the positive aspects of Connecticut's bill and identifying its key weaknesses, namely the "trigger clause" found in the statute. Part I will provide an overview of Genetic Modification and provide a brief history of Biotechnology. It will also provide a brief overview of the federal regulatory framework in biotechnology, as well as evaluate the United States Food and Drug Association's role of regulating genetic modification. Part I will conclude by discussing how the American public has shown that labeling GMOs is important, and something that should occur. Part II of this article will explore Connecticut's recent legislation requiring labels on products that contain GMOs. Part III will explore Australia's legislation requiring labels on products containing GMOs, comparing Australia's law to Connecticut's legislation.

SELECCIÓN Y REGENERACIÓN in vitro DE SOMACLONES DE TOMATE DE ÁRBOL (Solanum betacea cav. Sendt UTILIZANDO FILTRADOS DE CULTIVO DE Colletotrichum acutatum CON ACTIVIDAD PECTINASA SELECTION AND in vitro REGENERATION OF SOMACLONES OF TREE TOMATO (Solanum betacea cav. Sendt USING CULTURE FILTRATES OF Colletotrichum acutatum WITH PECTINASA ACTIVITY

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Carlos Patiño Torres

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Se utilizaron filtrados de cultivo de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol, para la selección in vitro de variantes somaclonales de ésta planta con resistencia potencial a la enfermedad. El filtrado, utilizado a varias concentraciones, demostró ser un agente de selección efectivo cuando se integró al medio de cultivo, pues causó niveles elevados de mortalidad de los explantes comparado con los tratamientos sin filtrado. Igualmente, se estudió el efecto de la benziladenina (BA ó BAP sobre la respuesta organogénica de explantes de tejido foliar de tomate de árbol.Culture filtrates of Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of the anthracnose disease in tree tomato, were used for the in vitro selection of somaclonal variants with potential resistance to this disease. Culture filtrates used at different concentrations, showed to be an effective agent of selection when they were mixed with the growth media. The findings indicated a high level of mortality for the explants growing on the ammended media as compared with these growing on non ammended one. The effect of the benziladenina (BA ó BAP on the organogenic response of leaf explants of tomato tree was also studied.

Dinâmica populacional de Bemisia tabaci biótipo B em tomate monocultivo e consorciado com coentro sob cultivo orgânico e convencional Population dynamic of Benisua tabaci B biotype in monoculture tomato crop and consortium with coriander in organic and conventional crop system

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Pedro HB Togni

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, é um herbívoro de difícil controle devido à alta plasticidade genotípica da espécie. No tomateiro pode causar danos severos principalmente pela transmissão de diversas viroses. O manejo do sistema de produção e o consórcio de culturas podem ter um efeito direto nas populações desse herbívoro, sem que seja necessária a aplicação de inseticidas. Avaliou-se a influência dos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional e o consórcio tomate-coentro na dinâmica populacional da mosca-branca no campo experimental da Embrapa Hortaliças, de maio a setembro/06. O monitoramento dos adultos da mosca-branca e de seus inimigos naturais foi realizado utilizando-se armadilhas adesivas amarelas fixadas nas bordas e no interior das parcelas experimentais e a amostragem de ninfas foi realizada por observação direta das folhas de tomate no campo. Embora as populações ao redor dos diferentes tratamentos fossem equivalentes, a abundância de adultos de mosca-branca foi significativamente menor nas parcelas de tomate consorciado com coentro, tanto no sistema convencional como orgânico. Apenas o consórcio tomatecoentro em sistema orgânico apresentou redução significativa na quantidade de ninfas por planta em relação aos demais tratamentos. Os inimigos naturais foram significativamente mais abundantes em sistema orgânico e foi verificada uma correlação negativa da abundância dos inimigos naturais e a quantidade de ninfas por planta. A associação tomate-coentro e o manejo orgânico do agroecossistema favoreceram ao controle biológico natural da mosca-branca.Due to its high genotypic plasticity, the control of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, is difficult. This insect may cause severe damage to the tomato crop as a vector of several viruses. The management of the production system and the consortium with other crops may have a

Análise de correspondência como instrumento para descrição do perfil do trabalhador da cultura de tomate de mesa em Goiás The correspondence analysis as instrument to analyze the profile of the worker in the tomato crop in the Goiás state, Brazil

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Sueli Martins Freitas Alves

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O cultivo do tomate de mesa em Goiás está estruturado numa proposta tecnológica baseada no uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, o que envolve riscos e danos potenciais à saúde dos trabalhadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM para explorar a perfil do trabalhador da cultura de tomate de mesa quanto ao uso de agrotóxicos. Para isso, foram obtidas informações sobre fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, percepção de risco, uso de agrotóxicos, uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI e morbidade referida, por meio de questionário respondido por 96 trabalhadores da cultura de tomate de mesa, em seis municípios do Estado de Goiás. A Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM possibilitou definir três grupos de trabalhadores. No grupo 1, os que responderam que já se intoxicaram com agrotóxicos e não usam EPI porque dificulta o trabalho ou porque não têm costume. No grupo 2, os que responderam que não se intoxicaram com agrotóxico relataram que usam somente algum tipo de EPI porque os consideram desconfortáveis ou por outros motivos. No grupo 3, os que relataram usar EPI completo e que moram em barracas de lona na lavoura de tomate. Foi possível fazer correspondência entre as modalidades da pesquisa, o que não seria possível com o uso de estatística descritiva.The tomato cropping in the Goiás state is structured under a technological proposal based on the intensive use of pesticides, which involves risks and potential damages to the workers' health. This study aimed to use the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (ACM to explore the worker's profile concerning to the use of pesticides in tomato crop. So, information about the socioeconomic and demographic factors, risk perception, pesticide uses, use of individual protection equipment (EPI and referred morbidity were obtained, by using a questionnaire applied to 96 workers in tomato crop, in six counties at the State

Ação de calcário e gesso sobre características químicas do solo e na produtividade e qualidade do tomate e melão

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Faria Clementino M.B.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se dois experimentos repetidos no mesmo local, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, de textura arenosa, do Submédio São Francisco, para avaliar a influência da calagem e da gessagem nas características do solo e na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro e meloeiro. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos [testemunha; 0,5 da necessidade de calagem (N.C. com 100% de calcário (Cal.; 1xN.C. com Cal.; 2xN.C. com Cal.; 0,5xN.C. com 2/3 de calcário e 1/3 de gesso (Cal.Ges.; 1,0xN.C. com Cal.Ges. e 2,0xN.C. com Cal.Ges]. O calcário e gesso foram aplicados em novembro de 2000; o cultivo do tomate foi conduzido de maio a agosto e o do melão, de setembro a novembro de 2001. A calagem e a gessagem promoveram incremento do pH e nos níveis de Ca2+e Mg2+, tendo reduzido o teor de Al3+ do solo, com efeito mais pronunciado no aumento dos teores do Ca2+ em até 60% e na redução do Al3+ em até 68,7%. O calcário isolado foi mais eficiente para neutralização do Al3+ em maiores profundidades, tendo resultado em maiores produtividades de melão, em comparação com os tratamentos em que o calcário foi associado ao gesso. Com o uso de 2,0 t ha-1 de calcário, equivalente a 1xN.C, foi suficiente para se obter uma produtividade de 22,5 t ha-1 de melão, significativamente superior à da testemunha (16,8 t ha-1 e reduzir em 80,4% a ocorrência da podridão apical do tomate. Portanto, a gessagem não se mostrou necessária para essas culturas.

Cultivo hidropônico de tomate cereja utilizando-se efluente tratado de uma indústria de sorvete Hydroponic production of cherry tomatoes using treated effluent of ice cream industry

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Samuel M. M. Malheiros

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de doses de efluente oriundo de indústria de sorvete, na cultura do tomate cereja em relação ao consumo hídrico e no desenvolvimento vegetativo em sistema hidropônico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelo uso de doses de efluente (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% com complementação de nutrientes e com o uso de 100% de efluente sem complementação nutriente. O aumento das doses de efluente na solução nutritiva proporcionou redução linear no consumo hídrico. O efluente com 25% proporcionou a melhor produtividade. A adição de até 50% de efluente de sorvete à solução nutritiva permitiu o cultivo de tomate cereja sem redução na produtividade, com melhor eficiência do uso da água na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, produção de frutos e máxima substituição de minerais solúveis na solução nutritiva.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ice cream raw effluent doses on consumption and vegetative development of cherry tomato under hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of 5 different levels of effluent (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% complemented with the amount of nutrient recommended for growing tomatoes and 100% of effluent without nutrient complementation. Increasing doses of effluent provided linear reduction in water consumption.Addition of effluent in proportion of 25% provided best production results. Addition up to 50% ice cream effluent to nutrient solution allowed growth of cherry tomato without yield reduction providing better efficiency of water use in terms of dry weight of shoots and fruit production as well as maximum substitution of soluble mineral fertilizers in nutrient solution.

Plant nutritional status modulates glutamine synthetase levels in ripe tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom).

Science.gov (United States)

Scarpeci, Telma E; Marro, Martin L; Bortolotti, Santiago; Boggio, Silvana B; Valle, Estela M

2007-02-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening implies that chloroplastic proteins are degraded and new proteins are synthesized. Supplementary nutrition is frequently required when tomato plants begin to fruit and continues until the end of the plant's life cycle. Ammonium assimilation is crucial in these fruit maturation and ripening processes. Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2), the main ammonium-fixing enzyme in plants, could not be detected in red fruits of several tomato varieties when growing under standard nutrition. In this paper, we analyze the influence of the nutritional status on the ammonium assimilation capacity of ripe tomato (cv. Micro-Tom) fruit. For this purpose, GS expression and protein profiles were followed in mature green and red fruits harvested from plants grown under standard or supplemented nutrition. Under standard nutrient regime (weekly supplied with 0.5 x Hoagland solution) GS activity was found in chloroplasts (GS2) of mature green fruits, but it was not detected either in the chromoplasts or in the cytosol of red fruits. When plants were shifted to a supplemented nutritional regime (daily supplied with 0.5 x Hoagland solution), GS was found in red fruits. Also, cytosolic transcripts (gs1) preferentially accumulated in red fruits under high nutrition. These results indicate that mature green Micro-Tom fruits assimilate ammonia through GS2 under standard nutrition, while ripe red fruits accumulate GS1 under high nutrition, probably in order to assimilate the extra N-compounds made available through supplemented nutrition.

Assessment of Salinity Effect on Germination, Growth and Yield of Solanum lycopersicum (L.

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Joshua D. BUAH

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This study was aimed at unraveling the morphological effect of salinity on germination, growth and yield of S. lycopersicum, through inducement of salinity (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g NaCl. All the parameters considered: germination percentage, leaves number, stem girth, plant height and fruit quality, were significantly affected by NaCl treatments (salinity compared with the control (no salinity. 100% germination was recorded only in control and 4 g NaCl concentration, though the percentage of germination was faster in control than within the 4 g NaCl. ‘Tomato UC-83-B’ plants’ growth till maturity, shed leaves, chlorosis and leaf burns around edges occurred due to osmotic imbalance and water deficit caused by salinity, which invariably had effect on leaf area, although the reduction in leaf area varied among tested NaCl concentrations. Fruits yield and quality of ‘Tomato UC-83-B’ treated with NaCl was poor and relative to the degree of saline inducements, with 10 g NaCl treatment producing the least fruits. Chlorophyll contents were also significantly reduced by increasing saline concentrations. Ca and K were the predominant elements found in the digested fruit samples observed under Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS at different NaCl concentrations, while Mg, Na and P were significantly less. Salinity is a major abiotic factor that hampered the overall performance of tomato crop in salient ways and must therefore be curbed in order to meet its increasing global demand.

Effect of reciprocating agitation thermal processing (RA-TP) on quality of canned tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) puree.

Science.gov (United States)

Pratap Singh, Anubhav; Singh, Anika; Ramaswamy, Hosahalli S

2017-06-01

Reciprocating agitation thermal processing (RA-TP) is a recent innovation in the field of canning for obtaining high-quality canned food. The objective of this study was to compare RA-TP processing with conventional non-agitated (still) processing with respect to the impact on quality (color, antioxidant capacity, total phenols, carotenoid and lycopene contents) of canned tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) puree. Owing to a 63-81% reduction in process times as compared with still processing, tomato puree with a brighter red color (closer to fresh) was obtained during RA-TP. At 3 Hz reciprocation frequency, the loss of antioxidant, lycopene and carotenoid contents could be reduced to 34, 8 and 8% respectively as compared with 96, 41 and 52% respectively during still processing. In fact, the phenolic content for RA-TP at 3 Hz was 5% higher than in fresh puree. Quality retention generally increased with an increase in frequency, although the differences were less significant at higher reciprocation frequencies (between 2 and 3 Hz). Research findings indicate that RA-TP can be effective to obtain thermally processed foods with high-quality attribute retention. It can also be concluded that a very high reciprocation frequency (>3 Hz) is not necessarily needed and significant quality improvement can be obtained at lower frequencies (∼2 Hz). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. of different doses of organic fertilizer bocashi under agroecological conditions

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Ana Boudet Antomarchi

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The research work was carried out in areas of the Agricultural Production Cooperative "Carlos Bastida Argüello" in Cauto Cristo municipality of Cuban province of Granma in the period between November 2013 and February 2014, on a fluvisol soil at a plantation distance of 0.90 x 0.30 m, in order to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic manure bocashi on the productive response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. variety "Vyta". The treatments consisted of the application of three doses of manure "bocashi" and a control without application. A randomized complete block design with three repetitions was used and the evaluated variables were: the yield and its components (number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, mass of fruits per plant, polar and equatorial diameter of the fruit and mesocarp thickness. The data obtained were submitted to a variance analysis of double classification with the use of SPSS version 22. In case of significant differences between treatments a Tukey test was performed for comparison of means. The results showed that treatment with application of organic manure had a positive influence on the yield and majority of yield components values. The yields values were higher in the three doses of organic manure than in the control treatment and yield increased with the increase of dosage of organic manure.

Adaptive Automation Design and Implementation

Science.gov (United States)

2015-09-17

with an automated system to a real-world adaptive au- tomation system implementation. There have been plenty of adaptive automation 17 Adaptive...of systems without increasing manpower requirements by allocating routine tasks to automated aids, improving safety through the use of au- tomated ...between intermediate levels of au- tomation , explicitly defining which human task a given level automates. Each model aids the creation and classification

Qualidade de tomate 'Débora' minimamente processado armazenado em dois tipos de embalagens Quality of minimally processed tomato cv. Débora stored in two types of packages

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Ana Carolina A Miguel

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de tomates cv. Débora minimamente processados acondicionados em dois tipos de embalagens. Os frutos foram lavados e sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio (200 mg L-1. A polpa destes frutos foi cortada em cubos (1 cm³ com posterior enxagüe em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (20 mg L-1, acondicionada em sacos de polipropileno (PP ou copos de tereftalato de polietileno (PET e armazenada a 5°C por 8 dias. Durante esse período foram retiradas diariamente amostras para determinação da perda de massa, coloração interna, textura, pH, conteúdos de sólidos solúveis (SS, acidez titulável (AT e ácido ascórbico. Os teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação SS/AT e o pH se mostraram significativamente afetados pela embalagem. Os cubos acondicionados em copos PET apresentaram maiores teores de SS e menores teores de AT, o que resultou em uma relação SS/AT maior que os mantidos em sacos PP. O acondicionamento em copos PET mostrou-se o mais indicado para a produção de tomates cortados em cubos.The quality of minimally processed tomatoes cv. Débora conditioned in two types of packages was evaluated. The fruits were washed and sanitized with a 200 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite solution. The pulp was cut in cubes (1 cm³, rinsed with a 20 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite solution, packed in polypropylene (PP bags or polyethylene terephthalate (PET cups and stored at 5ºC for eight days. During this period samples were daily retired to evaluate the loss of fresh mass, internal color, texture, pH, contents of soluble solids (SS, titratable acidity (TA and ascorbic acid. The soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and pH were significantly affected by the packing type. The cubes packed in cups showed greater content of SS and lower of TA, resulting in a better ratio when compared to the cubes packed in bags. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET cups were the best package for

Efecto del acibenzolar-s-metil sobre el desarrollo de la virosis causada por potyvirus en tomate de árbol

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Mejía A. Diana Marcela

2009-04-01

Full Text Available

El principal limitante del cultivo de tomate de árbol en Colombia es el ataque de virus, el cual reduce la producción y calidad de la fruta. En condiciones de invernadero se evaluó el efecto del inductor de resistencia Acibenzolar-S-metil- ASM (Boost® sobre la incidencia y severidad de la virosis en plantas inoculadas con extracto de hojas naturalmente infectadas con virus, mediante aplicación foliar de 0,08% de producto comercial por planta cada 20 días. La incidencia de la virosis se redujo en 50% cuando el inductor se aplicó antes de la inoculación con el virus, seguido de dos aplicaciones adicionales de ASM, comparado con 100% de incidencia en las plantas inoculadas solo con el extracto de plantas infectadas con el virus, tendencia encontrada también en la curva de desarrollo de la enfermedad. Se observó un retraso de 7 días en la aparición de síntomas cuando se aplicó el inductor antes de la inoculación así como se observó una reducción significativa en el grado de severidad de la enfermedad. El potyvirus fue detectado mediante la prueba ELISA; sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en su concentración entre los diferentes tratamientos.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Plants Subjected to Boron Toxicity

Science.gov (United States)

Cervilla, Luis M.; Blasco, Begoña; Ríos, Juan J.; Romero, Luis; Ruiz, Juan M.

2007-01-01

Background and Aims Boron (B) toxicity triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species in plant tissues. However, there is still a lack of knowledge as to how B toxicity affects the plant antioxidant defence system. It has been suggested that ascorbate could be important against B stress, although existing information is limited in this respect. The objective of this study was to analyse how ascorbate and some other components of the antioxidant network respond to B toxicity. Methods Two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars (‘Kosaco’ and ‘Josefina’) were subjected to 0·05 (control), 0·5 and 2 mm B. The following were studied in leaves: dry weight; relative leaf growth rate; total and free B; H2O2; malondialdehyde; ascorbate; glutathione; sugars; total non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate oxidase and l-galactose dehydrogenase. Key Results The B-toxicity treatments diminished growth and boosted the amount of B, malondialdehyde and H2O2 in the leaves of the two cultivars, these trends being more pronounced in ‘Josefina’ than in ‘Kosaco’. B toxicity increased ascorbate concentration in both cultivars and increased glutathione only in ‘Kosaco’. Activities of antioxidant- and ascorbate-metabolizing enzymes were also induced. Conclusions High B concentration in the culture medium provokes oxidative damage in tomato leaves and induces a general increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. In particular, B toxicity increased ascorbate pool size. It also increased the activity of l-galactose dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in ascorbate biosynthesis, and the activity of enzymes of the Halliwell–Asada cycle. This work therefore provides a starting point towards a better understanding of the role of ascorbate in the plant response against B stress. PMID:17660516

Gynogenesis with high doses of gamma radiation in tomatoes -Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dryanovska, O.A.

1983-01-01

The behaviour of male chromatin at the germination of gamma irradiated pollen from the stigma to the embrio sac in tomatoes was investigated in connection with the induced gynogenesis and the transfer of genetic information from one species to another. Two male-sterile longistil varieties of Deva and Hera were used as mothers, while mixed pollen from cultivated varieties and Lycopersicum peruvianum (L.) was irradiated at doses of 1, 5, 10 and 200 Kr with a dose rate of up to 1500 R/min. The experiment was carried out in 6 replications, with between 3 and 15 flowers for each variant and variety. The irradiated male chromatin of L. peruvianum remains in the pollen tube that has grown close to the embryo sac and stimulates the development of the embryo and endosperm. The absense of anthocyanin and the normal diploid chromosome count were the two markers for characterizing the plants obtained at high doses of gamma radiation as secondarily diploidized gynogenetic diplo-haploids during embryogenesis. It is assumed that the highly damaged male chromatin and the cytoplasm of the pollen tube retain their stimulating function under the influence of the high doses. A decisive role may be placed by certain fragments with genes from the male chromatin. The mitochondria which retain their respirative capacity and are promptly restored even after irradiation may have a stimmulating influence at the induced haploidy. The secondary diploidization normalizes the development of the organism of haploid origin and makes it possible to overcome the poor viability and the higher sterility. The genes responsible for the synthesis of anthocyanin in the irradiated male chromatin are restroyed by the high radiation doses, and this is the reason for the absence of anthocyanin in the diplo-haploid plants

Efecto de la proteína harpin y el fosfito de potasio en el control de mildeo polvoso (Frysiphe polygoni D.C. en tomate, en Sutamarchán (Boyacá

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Marisol Salamanca-Carvajal

2012-07-01

Full Text Available La proteína harpin y el fosfito de potasio fueron evaluados para el control del mildeo polvoso, causado por Frysiphe polygoni D.C,en el híbrido de tomate “Pietro”. Se hicieron aplicaciones de proteína harpin días después del trasplante (ddt; los tratamientos fueron los siguientes: T1: 5, 20, 35, 50; T2: 20, 35, 50, 65; T3: 35, 50, 65 ,80; en una dosis 0.3 g.L-1; el T4 corresponde al testigo absoluto, al cual no se le aplicó nada; el T5 fue tratado con fosfito de potasio. Las aplicaciones se realizaron a los 45, 60, 70 y 90 ddt, con una concentración 1cm3.L-1. Se empleó un diseño estadístico en bloques al azar, con cinco tratamientos y quince unidades experimentales. A partir de los resultados se concluyó que: en altura de plantas se presentaron diferencias estadísticas a los 60 y 90 ddt. La mayor altura la obtuvo el T3 (164cm, y la menor, el T4 (160cm; la evaluación de producción y calidad no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas, sin embargo, se puede destacar el T5 con la mayor producción (5.9 kg.planta, y el T4 obtuvo la menor (4.9kg.planta. El valor registrado de mayor incidencia fue el T4 (98.3%, y el menor fue el T5 (94.3%. Por otra parte, la severidad arrojó como mayor dato del T4 (98%, y el menor, el T5 (95%. El trabajo realizado demostró que existe una correlación entre las aplicaciones de la proteína harpin y el fosfito de potasio en las plantas de tomate, pues se logra un mejor estado fisiológico y una mediana resistencia al ataque del hongo del mildeo polvoso. 

CONSERVACIÓN POSCOSECHA DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm. CON Y SIN CÁLIZ

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Oscar Cruz-Álvarez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo fue observar la influencia del cáliz en la vida poscosecha de frutos de tomate de cáscara bajo diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento (4 y 20 °C con presencia y ausencia del cáliz. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con estructura factorial 2 x 2. Se determinaron la tasa de respiración, la producción de etileno, la acidez titulable, la pérdida de peso, los sólidos solubles totales, la vitamina C, la firmeza, el color y la clorofila total. Los tratamientos con presencia del cáliz tuvieron el mayor contenido de clorofila total, con valores que fluctuaron de 0.147 a 0.161 μg.100g, a los 0 y 20 días después de cosecha (ddc, manteniendo la brillantez, cromaticidad y tonalidad del color sin cambios importantes. Los frutos almacenados a temperatura de 4 °C mantuvieron (P ≤ 0.05 el comportamiento de la firmeza y los sólidos solubles, en tanto que los frutos con 20 °C presentaron 5 % de pérdida de peso. Asimismo, el contenido de clorofila fue mayor con valores 0.142 y 0.158 μg 100 g, lo que coincidió con lo observado para los componentes de color. Los cambios manifestados en firmeza, pérdida de peso, contenido de clorofila y color estuvieron relacionados con las temperaturas de almacenamiento, más que con la presencia o ausencia del cáliz.

Effect of irrigation and fertilization on the distribution and fate of nitrogen in greenhouse tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.)

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Wang, X.; Xing, Y.

2017-01-01

A greenhouse experiment using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. 'Jinpeng 10') was conducted to investigate the fate and transport of nitrogen using different methods of irrigation and fertilization. Three treatments were designed with two irrigation methods (drip irrigation and furrow irrigation) and two fertilizer application methods (fertigation and conventional fertilization). Tomato fruit yield and biomass in the fertigation treatment were significantly higher than those in the conventional fertilization treatment. The highest total uptake of nitrogen by tomato was obtained with drip fertigation and increased significantly in the conventional fertilization and CK treatments. With an increase in nitrate uptake by the fruit, the uptake of the leaf nitrogen also increased in both years of the study. The distribution of the soil nitrate-N concentration tended to be symmetrical along the center of the emitter for drip irrigation and the furrows. The nitrate-N concentration in the CK treatment was 2.85-fold higher than that in the drip fertigation treatment. The proportion of nitrogen uptake of the total nitrogen input varied from 25.38% and 53.73% in two consecutive years, and the residual nitrogen in the fertigation treatment was 48.20% and 44.64% lower than that in the CK treatment in the same two respective years. (author)

Avaliação de coberturas comestíveis compostas por quitosana e argila no revestimento em tomates sob refrigeração pelo método dipping

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Tamara Lorena Eufrazio da Costa

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O tomate é um fruto muito perecível e com curta vida de prateleira, demonstrando uma necessidade do desenvolvimento de tecnologias que reduzam estas perdas. Na indústria de alimentos, a quitosana se destaca por ser de origem natural, renovável, biodegradável, atóxico e propriedade de formação de filme. A argila possibilita uma maior aderência do filme na superfície do fruto, e é utilizada para fechar vacâncias existentes na rede polimérica. Tendo em vista as características da quitosana e da argila, no presente trabalho é abordada a síntese e utilização de filmes compostos por quitosana e argila, com aplicação em revestimento em tomates, visando o aumento da vida útil dos frutos e assim diminuir as perdas pós-colheita. O filme foi sintetizado com 1% de quitosana e 1% argila. Para a caracterização, os filmes foram preparados e deixados secar pelo método casting, e em seguida foram realizadas as análises de espessura, solubilidade, opacidade e permeabilidade ao vapor de água. Para as análises físico-químicas, o filme foi preparado e aplicado sobre o fruto, pelo método dipping. O armazenamento foi realizado sob refrigeração a 13 ± 1°C e umidade relativa de 80 ± 5% durante 12 dias, sendo feita as análises a cada três dias. As análises foram: perda de massa, firmeza de polpa, coloração da casca, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, ácido ascórbico e a relação sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Nas análises de caracterização dos filmes foram obtidos valores de acordo com a literatura. Já para as análises físico-químicas, não foi obtido efeito significativo para a interação entre tratamento e tempo, tendo a perda de massa efeito isolado para tratamento e tempo e efeito significativo do tempo para as demais características em condições de armazenamento.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene affects photosynthesis and chlorophyll content in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants.

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Bettini, Priscilla P; Marvasi, Massimiliano; Fani, Fabiola; Lazzara, Luigi; Cosi, Elena; Melani, Lorenzo; Mauro, Maria Luisa

2016-10-01

Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, hormone balance and defence. However, beside the current research, the overall transcriptional response and gene expression of rolB as a modulator in plant is unknown. Transformed rolB tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Tondino has been used to investigate the differential expression profile. Tomato is a well-known model organism both at the genetic and molecular level, and one of the most important commercial food crops in the world. Through the construction and characterization of a cDNA subtracted library, we have investigated the differential gene expression between transgenic clones of rolB and control tomato and have evaluated genes specifically transcribed in transgenic rolB plants. Among the selected genes, five genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein, carbonic anhydrase, cytochrome b 6 /f complex Fe-S subunit, potassium efflux antiporter 3, and chloroplast small heat-shock protein, all involved in chloroplast function, were identified. Measurement of photosynthesis efficiency by the level of three different photosynthetic parameters (F v /F m , rETR, NPQ) showed rolB significant increase in non-photochemical quenching and a, b chlorophyll content. Our results point to highlight the role of rolB on plant fitness by improving photosynthesis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs in Solanum lycopersicum: Diversity, Evolutionary History and Expression Profiling during Different Developmental Processes.

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Daniele Rosado

Full Text Available Although the importance of light for tomato plant yield and edible fruit quality is well known, the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs, main components of phytochrome-mediated light signal transduction, have been studied almost exclusively in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, the diversity, evolution and expression profile of PIF gene subfamily in Solanum lycopersicum was characterized. Eight tomato PIF loci were identified, named SlPIF1a, SlPIF1b, SlPIF3, SlPIF4, SlPIF7a, SlPIF7b, SlPIF8a and SlPIF8b. The duplication of SlPIF1, SlPIF7 and SlPIF8 genes were dated and temporally coincided with the whole-genome triplication event that preceded tomato and potato divergence. Different patterns of mRNA accumulation in response to light treatments were observed during seedling deetiolation, dark-induced senescence, diel cycle and fruit ripening. SlPIF4 showed similar expression profile as that reported for A. thaliana homologs, indicating an evolutionary conserved function of PIF4 clade. A comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary and transcriptional data allowed proposing that duplicated SlPIFs have undergone sub- and neofunctionalization at mRNA level, pinpointing the importance of transcriptional regulation for the maintenance of duplicated genes. Altogether, the results indicate that genome polyploidization and functional divergence have played a major role in diversification of the Solanum PIF gene subfamily.

Genetic cytological and biochemical study of a tomato chlorophyll mutant of the xanthic type, obtained by irradiation of the seeds; Etude genetique, cytologique et biochimique d'un mutant chlorophyllien de tomate du type xantha, obtenu par irradiation de graines

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Lefort, M; Duranton, J; Galmiche, J M; Roux, E [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1958-07-01

Irradiation of Lycopersicum aesculantum seeds with increasing doses of X-rays and thermal neutrons leads to the appearance of chlorophyll mutations in the descendants of the irradiated seeds. A genetic study of one of these mutants of the xanthic type showed that it was a recessive mutant with typical mono-genetic separation, while the cytological study demonstrated that the differentiation of the plast stopped at the stage of elementary lamella. Finally it is shown that in the light, the mutation brings about a very large deviation of the carbon metabolism towards the synthesis of amino acids and proteins, at the expense of that of glucosides. (author) [French] L'irradiation de graines de Lycopersicum Aesculantum avec des doses croissantes de rayons X et de neutrons thermiques entraine l'apparition de mutations chlorophylliennes dans la descendance des graines irradiees. L'etude genetique d'un de ces mutants du type xantha a montre qu'il s'agissait d'un mutant recessif a disjonction monogenique typique, tandis que l'etude cytologique a revele que la differentiation du plaste s'arretait au stade de lamelles elementaires. Il est apparu enfin qu'a la lumiere la mutation entrainait une deviation tres importante du metabolisme du carbone vers la synthese des acides amines et des proteines, au detriment de celle des glucides. (auteur)

Crescimento e produção de tomate cereja em sistema hidropônico com rejeito de dessalinização Cherry tomato growth and yield in soilless system using wastewater from desalination process

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Jonath Werissimo da Silva Gomes

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A produtividade agrícola sustentável é o maior desafio nas regiões áridas e semiáridas por causa da escassez de água para irrigação, sendo comum o uso de água salobra para irrigação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a resposta do tomate cereja (Lycopersicon esculentum L., cv. Samambaia sob quatro níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva com adição de rejeito salino em sistema de produção hidropônico. As plantas de tomate foram cultivadas em vasos com substrato de fibra de coco e irrigadas com soluções nutritivas preparadas com água de abastecimento e com águas salinas preparadas diluindo-se água de rejeito coletado em um dessalinizador a 75%; 50% e 25% e 0%, correspondendo à condutividades elétricas de 2,1; 3,55; 4,88, 6,02 e 6,96 dS m-1, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos (níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva e quatro repetições. A altura e a massa seca das plantas reduziram com o aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação. O consumo hídrico da cultura foi influenciada pela adição de rejeito salino na solução nutritiva e a salinidade limiar, considerando-se a produtividade da cultura, ficou em torno de 3,51 dS m-1. A adição de até 25% de rejeito de dessalinizador (diluição de 75% à solução nutritiva permite o cultivo do tomate cereja, cv. 'Samambaia', sem haver redução na produtividade.Sustainable agricultural production is the most challenge facing many arid and semiarid regions due to the severe shortage of water for irrigation, thus the use of saline water for irrigation is common. The aim of this research was to examine the response of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L., cv. Samambaia under four levels of salinity of the nutritional solution with added water reject from desalting under soilless conditions. Plants were grown in pots filled with coconut fiber and irrigated with nutrient solutions prepared with tap

Microorganismos benéficos como biofertilizantes eficientes para el cultivo del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill Beneficial microorganisms as efficient biofertilisers for tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill

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Hernández Annia

2005-12-01

Full Text Available En el uso y manejo de biofertilizantes en la agricultura, uno de los principales problemas es el desconocimiento de las especies presentes en los agroecosistemas y en la rizosfera de los cultivos, para su posible utilización eficiente. Desde el punto de vista ecológico, es importante conocer los integrantes de la comunidad bacteriana que favorecen su aplicación como inoculantes y propician un efecto agrobiológico positivo en los cultivos agrícolas. Esta investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad agrobiológica de Azospirillum sp, en el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento en el cultivo del tomate. Para ello, se partió de seleccionar el género microbiano predominante en la rizosfera del cultivo y posteriormente se evaluó el efecto de su inoculación a partir de la respuesta del cultivo. Los resultados demostraron que los géneros Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus y Streptomyces, forman parte de la comunidad microbiana de la rizosfera del tomate, en las condiciones estudiadas, y que Azospirillum es el género dominante. La inoculación artificial de esta rizobacteria causó un efecto positivo sobre el crecimiento de las plántulas, así como en el estado nutricional de las plantas, con un rendimiento agrícola superior a un 11 % con respecto a las plantas testigo. Se obtuvo un alto nivel poblacional en la rizosfera de las plantas inoculadas. Palabras clave: rizosfera, inoculante, crecimiento, rendimiento.One of the main problems regarding the efficient use and management of biofertilizers in agriculture lies in the unknown species present in agro-ecosystems and crop rhizospheres. From the ecological point of view, it is important to know the members of the bacterial population allowing them to be applied as inoculants and enable a positive agro-biological effect on agricultural crops. This investigation was aimed at evaluating the agro-biological effectiveness of Azospirillum sp. on tomato

Biología de Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, parasitoide del complejo Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae, en condiciones de laboratorio Biology of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci complex (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae under laboratory conditions

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Yerlin Chacón Castro

2010-06-01

Full Text Available La estimación de los atributos biológicos de un enemigo natural, previa a su empleo en el campo, constituye un aspecto de importancia en todo proyecto de control biológico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los principales parámetros biológicos de Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, parasitoide de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, bajo condiciones de laboratorio.La emergencia del adulto, longevidad y fecundidad de la hembra, proporción sexual de la descendencia, tasa intrínseca de crecimiento poblacional (r m, tasa neta de reproducción (Ro y tiempo generacional (T; se estimaron mediante la técnica de tabla de vida y fecundidad, utilizando el pimiento (Capsicum annuum L. y el tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. como plantas hospederas. Los resultados obtenidos en pimiento y tomate fueron respectivamente: supervivencia pupal: 86.86 ± 1.94 y 83,45 ± 2,13%; longevidad de la hembra: 18,19 ± 1,61 y 17,00 ± 0,92 días; proporción sexual: 0,34 ± 0,06 y 0,47 ± 0,05 hembras/(machos + hembras; l x50: 21 y 18 días; r m: 0,226 ± 0,061 y 0,228 ± 0,057 ninfas parasitadas/hembra/día; Ro: 189,71 ± 24,25 y 154,65 ± 17,58 ninfas parasitadas/hembra; T: 25,88 ± 0,42 y 24,03 ± 0,34 días. Los resultados obtenidos son una contribución al conocimiento de la población local del parasitoide y su posible papel como agente de control biológico de B. tabaci.The estimation of biological attributes of natural enemies prior to its use in the field is an important tool in a biological control program. The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the main biological parameters of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, under controlled laboratory conditions. Parasitoid survival, female longevity, fecundity, sex rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m, net reproductive rate (Ro and generational time (T were studied using life tables, with pepper (Capsicum annuum L. and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. as host plants. Results

The Solanum lycopersicum WRKY3 Transcription Factor SlWRKY3 Is Involved in Salt Stress Tolerance in Tomato

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Imène Hichri

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Salinity threatens productivity of economically important crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.. WRKY transcription factors appear, from a growing body of knowledge, as important regulators of abiotic stresses tolerance. Tomato SlWRKY3 is a nuclear protein binding to the consensus CGTTGACC/T W box. SlWRKY3 is preferentially expressed in aged organs, and is rapidly induced by NaCl, KCl, and drought. In addition, SlWRKY3 responds to salicylic acid, and 35S::SlWRKY3 tomatoes showed under salt treatment reduced contents of salicylic acid. In tomato, overexpression of SlWRKY3 impacted multiple aspects of salinity tolerance. Indeed, salinized (125 mM NaCl, 20 days 35S::SlWRKY3 tomato plants displayed reduced oxidative stress and proline contents compared to WT. Physiological parameters related to plant growth (shoot and root biomass and photosynthesis (stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a content were retained in transgenic plants, together with lower Na+ contents in leaves, and higher accumulation of K+ and Ca2+. Microarray analysis confirmed that many stress-related genes were already up-regulated in transgenic tomatoes under optimal conditions of growth, including genes coding for antioxidant enzymes, ion and water transporters, or plant defense proteins. Together, these results indicate that SlWRKY3 is an important regulator of salinity tolerance in tomato.

EFEITOS DAS APLICAÇÕES DE CÁLCIO E DE BORO NA OCORRÊNCIA DE PODRIDÃO APICAL E PRODUÇÃO DE TOMATE EM ESTUFA

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PLESE L.P.M.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos das aplicações de cálcio via foliar e de boro via solo na produção e ocorrência de podridão apical em tomate em estufa, conduziu-se um experimento no município de Regente Feijó, SP, com solo classificado como Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, fase arenosa. Os tratamentos consistiram de três doses de boro (0, 1 e 2 g cova-1 e três freqüências de aplicação foliar de cloreto de cálcio a 0,6% (sem aplicação, aplicação semanal e quinzenal. Os resultados obtidos sugeriram que a aplicação de 1 g cova-1 de boro e freqüência de aplicação quinzenal de CaCl2 a 0,6% e a aplicação semanal de CaCl2 a 0,6% na ausência de boro constituíram-se nas melhores opções no sentido de conciliar maior produtividade e menor número de frutos com incidência de podridão apical.

Evaluación del crecimiento y productividad del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill bajo cultivo protegido en tres localidades de Costa Rica

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Carlos Ramírez Vargas

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Mediante un experimento, se evaluó el crecimien- to y la productividad de tres genotipos de tomate en tres localidades de Costa Rica con un sistema de cultivo protegido (San Blas de Carrillo en la pro- vincia de Guanacaste; Santa Clara de San Carlos en la Provincia de alajuela y también en Zapote de Zarcero en la provincia de alajuela. Se evaluaron 19 variables fisiológicas de crecimiento y produc- tividad para nueve tratamientos o interacciones. A los datos obtenidos se les hizo un análisis de com- ponentes principales y como resultado de este aná- lisis se seleccionaron los dos primeros componentes que explican más del 70% de la variabilidad total, también se determinó que el componente princi- pal 1 explica el crecimiento del cultivo, y su variable representativa fue el peso seco de tallos; mientras que el componente 2 representa el rendimiento, y su variable representativa fue el peso seco de frutos. Se encontró también interacción de los genotipos con los ambientes pese a ser cultivados en inverna- dero, lo que demuestra una adaptación específica de los genotipos a las localidades que mostraron datos climáticos diferentes. La productividad de los geno- tipos también fue influenciada por los ambientes, sin embargo, no superaron los diez kilogramos de fruta fresca por planta.

One-Pot Fabrication and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Solanum lycopersicum: An Eco-Friendly and Potent Control Tool against Rose Aphid, Macrosiphum rosae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhattacharyya, A.; Prasad, R.; Buhroo, A. A.; Yousuf, I.; Khanday, A. L.; Duraisamy, P.; Umadevi, M.; Bindhu, M. R.; Govindarajan, M.

2016-01-01

The espousal of nano technology is a current come-up of the present revolution. As we know that the rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a key pest on rose plant in Kashmir Valley, India, it exhibits a worldwide distribution. In the present study, we have synthesized biologically silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from Solanum lycopersicum and characterized them by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, and X-RD analysis. The experiment was performed by leaf dip method. Insecticidal solutions of different Ag NPs concentrations, namely, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm, were tested on M. rosae. For assessment purposes, leaves were treated with distilled water (used as control). Aphid mortality data revealed that the Ag NPs were effective at 500 ppm concentration. As the concentration and day’s treatment increased, the aphid mortality rate also increased. There were statistically significant differences in M. rosae mortality between concentrations by LSD at 5%. In wrapping up, the use of Ag NPs in pest control processes will be the most novel eco-friendly approach in the Kashmir Valley, India, in future.

Productivity of determinate growth tomato lines tolerant to heat under the organic system Produtividade de linhagens de tomate rasteiro tolerantes ao calor sob o sistema orgânico

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Cândido A da Costa

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of the present work was to evaluate the productive response of heat tolerant lines of determinate growth tomato under the organic production system. The experiment was carried out in the Instituto de Ciências Agrárias of UFMG, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of eight heat tolerant processing type tomato lines obtained from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC, China: CLN1621L, CLN1621F, CLN1621E, CLN1466P, CLN2026E, CLN2026D, CLN2026C and CLN2001C. There was an inverse relationship between the average weight of the fruits and the number of fruits per plant. The highest average fruit weight of some lines was compensated by the lowest quantity of fruits, in such a way that there were no significant differences among the lines. Symptoms of nutritional deficiency and incidences of pests and diseases were not verified in any of the studied lines. All lines presented potential for genetic improvement research and cultivation using organic production systems under higher temperature conditions.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de linhagens de tomate rasteiro tolerantes ao calor sob o sistema orgânico de produção. O experimento foi realizado no Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, Montes Claros-MG. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de oito linhagens de tomate do tipo rasteiro tolerantes ao calor obtidos na Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC, China: CLN1621L, CLN1621F, CLN1621E, CLN1466P, CLN2026E, CLN2026D, CLN2026C e CLN2001C. Houve uma relação inversa entre o peso médio dos frutos e o número de frutos produzidos por planta. O maior peso médio de frutos de algumas linhagens foi compensado pelo menor número de frutos, de tal

Efeito da densidade e proporção de plantas de tomate industrial e de maria-pretinha em competição Density and proportion effects of industrial tomato and nightshade plants under competition

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D.D. Hernandez

2002-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de quantificar as interações competitivas e os índices de competitividade entre plantas de tomate industrial (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Heinz 9553 e maria-pretinha (Solanum americanum. Usou-se como método um experimento substitutivo, com densidade total de 40 plantas m-2 e 11 proporções, além das monoculturas em densidades, que variaram de 20 a 100 plantas m-2, em intervalos de 20 plantas, conduzidos no delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados pelo método convencional de análise de experimentos substitutivos e pela produção recíproca total. A maria-pretinha mostrou ser um competidor mais agressivo que o tomate, sendo mais importante a competição interespecífica para a planta cultivada. Para a biomassa seca total, as duas espécies não competiram pelos mesmos fatores de crescimento. Já para a área foliar, as duas espécies se mostraram competidoras pelos mesmos fatores de crescimento, mostrando ser essa a característica mais sensível à interferência.This work aimed to quantify the competitive interactions and the competitiveness indexes among plants of industrial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Heinz 9553 and nightshade (Solanum americanum. The methodology used was a replacement series experiment with a total density of 40 plants m-2 and 11 proportions, besides the monocultures in densities varying from 20 to 100 plants m-2, in intervals of 20 plants, conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results were analyzed by the conventional method of analysis of replacement series experiment and for total reciprocal production. The nightshade plant was shown to be a more aggressive competitor than the tomato, with inter-specific competition being more important for the cultivated plant. For the dry aboveground biomasses, the two species did not compete for the same natural resources

Efeito do paclobutrazol sobre o crescimento de plantas e produzção de tomate (Solanum lycopersicumL. em ambiente protegido

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Alexsander Seleguini

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The objective was to study, for hybrid AF 7631, the effect of three concentrations of paclobutrazol (0, 50 and 100 mg ai L-1 and two application methods (soaking seeds and seedlings application on the development of plants, production and fruit quality of tomato in greenhouse in the spring / summer period. The trial was conducted the Finance Teaching, Research and Extension UNESP -Ilha Solteira (SP. Application methods and the increase in PBZ concentrations did not significantly alter the productivity, however, the treatment of seedlings, via irrigation, 15 days after sowing, with increasing concentrations of PBZ induced linear reductions in plant height evaluated at 17, 34, 51 and 65 days after transplanting (DAT in absolute growth rate of height in the range between 17 and 34 DAT at the time of first cluster of insertion and dry weight of leaves and stems. Regardless of PBZ applicationmethod, the concentrations significantly reduced the effect of side shoots and increased production of small fruit. The climatic conditions, especially temperature, prevented the expression of the maximum yield potential of the crop.

Kinetic Super-Resolution Long-Wave Infrared (KSR LWIR) Thermography Diagnostic for Building Envelopes: Scott AFB, IL

Science.gov (United States)

2015-08-18

structures. The system software au- tomatically analyzes the thermal imagery and provides a custom report for each building that recommends cost-effective...possible using traditional thermogra- phy. This includes building facade data and building orientation. The au- tomated data processing system also

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

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Luis Daniel Ortega-Martínez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill is the world's second most important vegetable. In Mexico, the crop gains economic and social relevance by the generation of foreign exchange and jobs, the production systems of this vegetable have been diversified in order to increase performance, incorporating innovative technologies such as plastic covers, drop irrigation and hydroponics. One of the main factors determining the success of the crop is the substrate, being the medium in which roots were developed which have great influence on the growth and development. In thisstudy, we evaluated during the crop season 2008-2009, the effect of substrate: pine sawdust, compost of sheep manure, agricultural land and red volcanic rock, on growth and yield of tomato. The experimental design used was randomized complete block with four repetitions and ten treatments were evaluated results from a combination of substrates in a volume of 1:1, each experimental unit consisted of four plants, the studied variables were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA using the statistical package Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS. The genotype used was Sun 7705. Significant differences between substrates, composting with sawdust mixing affected to a greater response for the variables height 4.61 m, 2.1 cm thick of stem, the fruits of greater weight 107.8 g, yield per plant and 4 kg and 25 kg/m-2. However, the number of flowers and clusters was higher in the sawdust substrate, so the composting with sawdust mixture may be a viable option for greenhouse tomato production.

Genome-wide analysis of intraspecific DNA polymorphism in 'Micro-Tom', a model cultivar of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Science.gov (United States)

Kobayashi, Masaaki; Nagasaki, Hideki; Garcia, Virginie; Just, Daniel; Bres, Cécile; Mauxion, Jean-Philippe; Le Paslier, Marie-Christine; Brunel, Dominique; Suda, Kunihiro; Minakuchi, Yohei; Toyoda, Atsushi; Fujiyama, Asao; Toyoshima, Hiromi; Suzuki, Takayuki; Igarashi, Kaori; Rothan, Christophe; Kaminuma, Eli; Nakamura, Yasukazu; Yano, Kentaro; Aoki, Koh

2014-02-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is regarded as a model plant of the Solanaceae family. The genome sequencing of the tomato cultivar 'Heinz 1706' was recently completed. To accelerate the progress of tomato genomics studies, systematic bioresources, such as mutagenized lines and full-length cDNA libraries, have been established for the cultivar 'Micro-Tom'. However, these resources cannot be utilized to their full potential without the completion of the genome sequencing of 'Micro-Tom'. We undertook the genome sequencing of 'Micro-Tom' and here report the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (indels) between 'Micro-Tom' and 'Heinz 1706'. The analysis demonstrated the presence of 1.23 million SNPs and 0.19 million indels between the two cultivars. The density of SNPs and indels was high in chromosomes 2, 5 and 11, but was low in chromosomes 6, 8 and 10. Three known mutations of 'Micro-Tom' were localized on chromosomal regions where the density of SNPs and indels was low, which was consistent with the fact that these mutations were relatively new and introgressed into 'Micro-Tom' during the breeding of this cultivar. We also report SNP analysis for two 'Micro-Tom' varieties that have been maintained independently in Japan and France, both of which have served as standard lines for 'Micro-Tom' mutant collections. Approximately 28,000 SNPs were identified between these two 'Micro-Tom' lines. These results provide high-resolution DNA polymorphic information on 'Micro-Tom' and represent a valuable contribution to the 'Micro-Tom'-based genomics resources.

Biogenic synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using multani mitti (fullers earth), tomato (solanum lycopersicum) seeds, rice husk (oryza sativa) and evaluation of their potential antimicrobial activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dar, P.; Hina, A.; Anwar, J.

2016-01-01

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles of three different biogenic materials Multani mitti (Fullers earth), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds, Rice Husk (Oryza sativa) was carried out. The possible presence and variability of comprehensive biomolecules in these materials turned as capping and reducing agents which optimize the reduction rate and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Characterizations were determined by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Stable silver nanoparticles of average size 4.6, 41.1 and 10.6 nm were obtained for Multani mitti, tomato seeds and rice husk respectively. Phenolic and carboxylic biomolecules were identified as active reducing agents of Ag+2 to Ag0. The antimicrobial activity was carried out against Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains by using well diffusion method. Maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) was found against Staphylococcus aureus by all of the three biogenic materials. (author)

Capítulo VI: evaluación de la resistencia al pasador del fruto de tomate Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Gueneé en materiales L. hirsutum Humb y Bonpl y L. pimpinellifolium (Just mill y su transferencia a materiales cultivados de tomate L. esculentum Mill

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Salinas Helbert

1994-12-01

Full Text Available

La investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar el ciclo de vida del pasador  del fruto del tomate, N. elegantalis y evaluar la resistencia genética en diferentes accesiones de Lycopersicon y en poblaciones derivadas de cruzamientos interespecíficos entre L. esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium y L. hirsutum. La evaluación se realizó en condiciones de campo, utilizando un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Se midieron los siguientes caracteres: estados del ciclo de vida, número de posturas, cantidad de frutos dañados, número de perforaciones de entrada, número de larvas por fruto e intensidad del daño. Se determinó el ciclo de vida del insecto plaga. Las especies silvestres fueron calificadas como muy resistentes o resistentes. Las variedades comerciales fueron calificadas como susceptible o medianamente susceptibles. Las poblaciones segregantes provenientes de los cruzamientos interespecíficos fueron calificados como resistentes o ligeramente susceptibles, indicando la posibilidad de introgresión genética de la resistencia. El insecto plaga  tiene mayor preferencia por fenotipos con frutos de mayor peso promedio y pericarpio duro.

The research was carried out to study the life cicle of N. elegantalis, and the identification of resistence to the insect among Lycopersicon accessions and derivated populations from crossing between L. esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium and L. hirsutum. The life cicle of N. elegantalis was determinated. The wild species L. hirsutum and L. pimpinellifolium were very resistant and resistant, respectively. The Lycopersicon cultivars were susceptibles and derivated populationes from interspecific crossing were resistant or intermedium susceptible. There were associations between the fruit size, fruit firmness, fruit weight and susceptible expression in the plants from crossing between L. hirsutum, L. pimpinellifolium and commercial cultivars.

Caracterización de los ácidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos y su efecto sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz Zea mays L., algodón Gossypium hirsutum y tomate Lycopersicon esculentum L.

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Gómez Zambrano Jairo

1996-12-01

Full Text Available

The work perfomed to characterize the elemental composition and functional groups of humic acids extracted from four lombricompost cow dung, filter press cake of sugar cane, coffee pulp and grass residue the total content of essential elements and its distribution in the humic and no humic fractions were determined. It was evalued the effect of two concentrations of humic acids (150 and 300 ppm upon seed germination of maize, cotton and tomat. There were found differences in the elemental composition (CHON and functional groups (COOH, OH phedic and carbony of the humic acids atributed to variations in composition of the original substrates. The lombricompost of cow dung showed higher oxidation values (O/H = 0.49 than the lombricompost of filter press cake of sugar cane (0.40 sugering a higher grade of humification of the first. The grass residue showed higher contribution to the CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O me/g than the coffe pulp (7. 1 me/g the total essential elements were concentrated in the remanent residue, with lower content in the water and 0.1M HCL solutions; the fulvic and humic fractions had very low content of these elements. The humic acid at the concentrations tested did not have any effect on the germination of maize and cotton, and depressed the germination of tomato seeds.

El trabajo se realizó con el fin de caracterizar por su composición elemental y contenido de grupos funcionales, los acidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos (bovinaza, cachaza, pulpa de café y residuo de prado. Se determinó el contenido y distribución de los elementos esenciales totales en las fracciones húmicas y no de acidos húmicas. Se evaluó el efecto de dos concentraciones de acidos húmicos (150 y 300 ppm sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz, algodón y tomate. Se encontraron diferencias en el contenido elemental (CHON y grupos funcionales (COOH, OH fenólico y carbonilo atribuido a variaciones en la composición de los

Controle automático do fluxo de água na etapa de limpeza em unidades de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa Automatic control of water sistems in the cleaning step in fresh market tomato packing units

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Marcos D. Ferreira

2011-10-01

Full Text Available A água é um recurso cada vez mais escasso e também de alto custo em várias regiões. O beneficiamento de frutas e hortaliças, em geral, apresenta elevado consumo de água durante o processo de limpeza. A linha de beneficiamento e de classificação do tomate de mesa é constituída de: recebimento, limpeza, seleção, classificação e embalagem. Normalmente, o recebimento dos tomates em uma linha de beneficiamento ocorre com taxa de alimentação constante, porém com interrupções frequentes dos operadores, ocasionando desperdício de energia e água, e a eficiência de limpeza dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um sistema de limpeza dos frutos, equipado com um controle automático de fluxo de água, visando ao uso racional de água. Para a avaliação da eficiência do processo de limpeza, aplicou-se uma metodologia que utiliza o turbidímetro. Observou-se que o índice de limpeza foi, segundo critérios estatísticos, semelhante nos sistemas automatizado e tradicional, todavia o consumo de água no sistema automatizado foi quatro vezes inferior quando comparado ao sistema tradicional, indicando o potencial de aplicação comercial deste sistema.Water is a natural resource becoming scarce in many regions. Cleaning fruits and vegetables, generally demands high water consumption. A fresh market tomato packing-line is composed of: receiving, cleaning, sorting, classifying and packing. Normally, the receiving process for tomatoes in a packing line happens in a constant flow, however often interruptions of operators cause loss of water, energy and also fruits cleaning efficiency. The main goal of this study was to develop an automation system for cleaning fruits, with a rational water use. For evaluating cleaning efficiency it was developed a methodology using a turbidimiter. The results showed that the cleaning efficiency index was statistically similar between the two systems; however, water consumption for the automated

Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum)

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Jaouhra Cherif; Chamseddine Mediouni; Wided Ben Ammar; Fatma Jemal

2011-01-01

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum).Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10 μmol/L CdCl2 associated to different concentrations of ZnCl2 (10, 50, 100, and 150 μmol/L).Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration.Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level and chlorophyll breakdown.Furthermore, compared with control, Cdtreated plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas, catalase (CAT, EC 1.111.1.6),ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition.Zn supplementation, at low level, restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants.The beneficial effect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content.However, when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress, which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments.These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.

Herencia de la resistencia a Phoma andina var. Crystalliniformis en tomate Resistance hederabillty of Phoma andina var. Eristalliniformis in tomato

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Cortina Guerrero Hernando Alfonso

1988-12-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de estudiar la herencia de la resistencia a Phoma andina varo crvstslliniformis en tomate Lyeopersieon esculentum Mill. derivada de la especie silvestre L. hirsutum se desarrolló la presente investigación durante los meses de mayo a septiembre de 1987 en el Centro Regional de Investigación "La Selva" del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (lCA, situado en Rionegro, Antioquia.
Se estudiaron cuatro familias derivadas del cruzamiento de tres genotipos de L. hirsutum resistentes a Phoma andina varo erystalliniformis y tres genotipos de L. esculentum
susceptibles a Phoma. Las familias incluyeron los padres, la Fl, la F2, el retrocruzamiento al padre susceptible y el retrocruzamiento al padre resistente. El trabajo se realizó con un diseño de bloques al azar con tres replicaciones. Las
plantas se evaluaron individualmente de acuerdo a una escala de 0-7, donde cero son plantas inmunes y siete plantas muertas. La evaluación se hizo, en alqunas familias, a los
60 y, en otras, a los 80 días. Con los datos originales y con los datos transformados se estimaron los siguientes parámetros: 1. Componentes de media, usando el test de escala y el método de Cava" i, 2. Componentes de varianza por el método de Mather. 3. Heredabilidad en sentido amplio,
usando la Fl como estimativo de la varianza ambiental y por el método de Mahmud y Kramer; heredabilidad en sentido
estrecho, por el Método de Mather y por el de Warner, 4. Número de genes, usando los métodos de Castle, de Wright y de Mather. Se encontró que todas las familias tenían una varianza de dominancia cercana a cero y una baja varianza ambiental, lo cual resulta en una alta heredabilidad de la resistencia a Phoma andina varo erystalliniformis, tanto
en sentido amplio como estrecho. El número mínimo de genes que controlan la resistencia fue de 3 a 4. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se concluyó que era posible transferir, sin mayores

Communication Dependent Control of Multi-Vehicle Formations

Science.gov (United States)

2016-05-11

On Maximizing the Second Smallest Eigen- value of a State-Dependent Graph Laplacian,” IEEE Transactions on Au- tomatic Control, vol. 51, no. 1, pp...Collective Motion With Limited Communication,” IEEE Transactions on Au- tomatic Control, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 706–719, 2008. [Online]. Available: http

Effectiveness of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on Incidence of Fungal Rot on Tomato Fruits ( Solanum lycopersicum L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Vásquez-López, Alfonso; Villarreal-Barajas, Tania; Rodríguez-Ortiz, Gerardo

2016-10-01

We assessed the effect of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) on the incidence of rot on tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum , Galactomyces geotrichum , and Alternaria sp. at sites with lesions. The inoculated fruits were treated with NEW at 10, 30, and 60 mg liter -1 active chlorine, with copper oxychloride fungicide, and with sterile distilled water (control) for 3, 5, and 10 min. In the experiment with F. oxysporum , 50 to 80% of the control fruits and 50 to 60% of the fruits treated with the fungicide exhibited symptoms of rot at the inoculated sites. The lowest incidence recorded was 30% for fruits treated with NEW at 60 mg liter -1 active chlorine with an immersion time of 5 min. In the experiment with G. geotrichum , incidence of rot on control fruits was 70 to 90%, and for treatment with fungicide rot incidence was 50 to 90%. NEW at 60 mg liter -1 active chlorine significantly reduced incidence of symptomatic fruit: only 30% of the inoculated fruits washed for 5 min had damage from rot. In the experiment with Alternaria sp., 60 to 90% of the fruits in the control group and 60 to 70% of the fruits in the fungicide group were symptomatic. The lowest incidence was recorded for the treatment in which the fruits were submerged in NEW with 60 mg liter -1 active chlorine for 3 min. In this group, 40 to 50% of the fruits exhibited symptoms of rot. These results were obtained 8 days after inoculation. NEW, with 60 mg liter -1 active chlorine, significantly reduced incidence of rot symptoms on fruits inoculated with one of the experimental fungi relative to the control (P ≤ 0.05). NEW at 60 mg liter -1 is effective in the control of fungal rot in tomatoes.

Physiological and Proteomic Analysis in Chloroplasts of Solanum lycopersicum L. under Silicon Efficiency and Salinity Stress

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Sowbiya Muneer

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Tomato plants often grow in saline environments in Mediterranean countries where salt accumulation in the soil is a major abiotic stress that limits its productivity. However, silicon (Si supplementation has been reported to improve tolerance against several forms of abiotic stress. The primary aim of our study was to investigate, using comparative physiological and proteomic approaches, salinity stress in chloroplasts of tomato under silicon supplementation. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L. were grown in nutrient media in the presence or absence of NaCl and supplemented with silicon for 5 days. Salinity stress caused oxidative damage, followed by a decrease in silicon concentrations in the leaves of the tomato plants. However, supplementation with silicon had an overall protective effect against this stress. The major physiological parameters measured in our studies including total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were largely decreased under salinity stress, but were recovered in the presence of silicon. Insufficient levels of net-photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were also largely improved by silicon supplementation. Proteomics analysis of chloroplasts analyzed by 2D-BN-PAGE (second-dimensional blue native polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed a high sensitivity of multiprotein complex proteins (MCPs such as photosystems I (PSI and II (PSII to the presence of saline. A significant reduction in cytochrome b6/f and the ATP-synthase complex was also alleviated by silicon during salinity stress, while the complex forms of light harvesting complex trimers and monomers (LHCs were rapidly up-regulated. Our results suggest that silicon plays an important role in moderating damage to chloroplasts and their metabolism in saline environments. We therefore hypothesize that tomato plants have a greater capacity for tolerating saline stress through the improvement of photosynthetic metabolism and chloroplast proteome

Transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory networks underlying differential susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in response to nitrogen availability in Solanum lycopersicum.

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Andrea eVega

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Nitrogen (N is one of the main limiting nutrients for plant growth and crop yield. It is well documented that changes in nitrate availability, the main N source found in agricultural soils, influences a myriad of developmental programs and processes including the plant defense response. Indeed, many agronomical reports indicate that the plant N nutritional status influences their ability to respond effectively when challenged by different pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in N-modulation of plant susceptibility to pathogens are poorly characterized. In this work, we show that Solanum lycopersicum defense response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is affected by plant N availability, with higher susceptibility in nitrate-limiting conditions. Global gene expression responses of tomato against B. cinerea under contrasting nitrate conditions reveals that plant primary metabolism is affected by the fungal infection regardless of N regimes. This result suggests that differential susceptibility to pathogen attack under contrasting N conditions is not only explained by a metabolic alteration. We used a systems biology approach to identify the transcriptional regulatory network implicated in plant response to the fungus infection under contrasting nitrate conditions. Interestingly, hub genes in this network are known key transcription factors involved in ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling. This result positions these hormones as key integrators of nitrate and defense against B. cinerea in tomato plants. Our results provide insights into potential crosstalk mechanisms between necrotrophic defense response and N status in plants.

Modelling central metabolic fluxes by constraint-based optimization reveals metabolic reprogramming of developing Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit.

Science.gov (United States)

Colombié, Sophie; Nazaret, Christine; Bénard, Camille; Biais, Benoît; Mengin, Virginie; Solé, Marion; Fouillen, Laëtitia; Dieuaide-Noubhani, Martine; Mazat, Jean-Pierre; Beauvoit, Bertrand; Gibon, Yves

2015-01-01

Modelling of metabolic networks is a powerful tool to analyse the behaviour of developing plant organs, including fruits. Guided by our current understanding of heterotrophic metabolism of plant cells, a medium-scale stoichiometric model, including the balance of co-factors and energy, was constructed in order to describe metabolic shifts that occur through the nine sequential stages of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit development. The measured concentrations of the main biomass components and the accumulated metabolites in the pericarp, determined at each stage, were fitted in order to calculate, by derivation, the corresponding external fluxes. They were used as constraints to solve the model by minimizing the internal fluxes. The distribution of the calculated fluxes of central metabolism were then analysed and compared with known metabolic behaviours. For instance, the partition of the main metabolic pathways (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, etc.) was relevant throughout fruit development. We also predicted a valid import of carbon and nitrogen by the fruit, as well as a consistent CO2 release. Interestingly, the energetic balance indicates that excess ATP is dissipated just before the onset of ripening, supporting the concept of the climacteric crisis. Finally, the apparent contradiction between calculated fluxes with low values compared with measured enzyme capacities suggest a complex reprogramming of the metabolic machinery during fruit development. With a powerful set of experimental data and an accurate definition of the metabolic system, this work provides important insight into the metabolic and physiological requirements of the developing tomato fruits. © 2014 The Authors The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Interactions between 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and ascorbate in autophagosome formation during the heat stress response in Solanum lycopersicum.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Fei; Yin, Ling-Ling; Zhou, Jie; Xia, Xiao-Jian; Shi, Kai; Yu, Jing-Quan; Zhou, Yan-Hong; Foyer, Christine Helen

2016-03-01

2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-CPs) function in the removal of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides but their precise roles in the induction of autophagy have not been characterized. Here we show that heat stress, which is known to induce oxidative stress, leads to the simultaneous accumulation of transcripts encoding 2-CPs and autophagy proteins, as well as autophagosomes, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Virus-induced gene silencing of the tomato peroxiredoxin genes 2-CP1, 2-CP2, and 2-CP1/2 resulted in an increased sensitivity of tomato plants to heat stress. Silencing 2-CP2 or 2-CP1/2 increased the levels of transcripts associated with ascorbate biosynthesis but had no effect on the glutathione pool in the absence of stress. However, the heat-induced accumulation of transcripts associated with the water-water cycle was compromised by the loss of 2-CP1/2 functions. The transcript levels of autophagy-related genes ATG5 and ATG7 were higher in plants with impaired 2-CP1/2 functions, and the formation of autophagosomes increased, together with an accumulation of oxidized and insoluble proteins. Silencing of ATG5 or ATG7 increased the levels of 2-CP transcripts and protein but decreased heat stress tolerance. These results demonstrate that 2-CPs fulfil a pivotal role in heat stress tolerance in tomato, via interactions with ascorbate-dependent pathways and autophagy. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Sample (S): SE40_S24 [Metabolonote[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available SE40_S24 Solanum lycopersicum Kyotemari fruit Solanum lycopersicum NCBI taxonomy:40...81 Solanum lycopersicum Kyotemari fruit are grown in greenhouses of the Experimental Farm of Kyoto University (Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan) from winter 2013 to spring 2014. ...

INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTÁDIO DE MATURAÇÃO E DA COBERTURA COM POLIETILENO NA CONSERVAÇÃO DE TOMATES FRIGORIFICADOS

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R.A KLUGE

1996-01-01

Full Text Available O efeito do estádio de maturação (verde, rosa e vermelho e da embalagem (com polietileno perfurado, com polietileno selado e sem polietileno sobre a conservação por refrigeração de tomates `Santa Clara', foi estudado em frutos armazenados por 7, 14 e 21 dias a 13 ± 0,5oC e 80 ± 10% UR (+ 2 dias de comercialização simulada sob temperatura ambiente. A coloração dos frutos aumentou ao longo do armazenamento e comercialização para os três estádios, independente da embalagem utilizada. O uso de sacos de polietileno, principalmente selado, foi importante para a redução das perdas de peso dos frutos, não havendo efeito do estádio de maturação sobre esta variável. As podridões aumentaram substancialmente aos 21 dias de armazenamento para os estádios rosa e vermelho.The effects of ripening stages (green, pink and red and packing (polyethylene tighted, polyethylene with holes and without polyethylene were studied on tomatoes `Santa Clara', stored for 7, 14 and 21 days at 13 ± 0,5oC and 80 ± 10% RH (+ 2 days of marketing simulation. The colour of fruits increased during cold storage and marketing for three ripening stages without packing effect. The use of polyethylene bags principally sealed was important for the reduction of fruit weight loss and there was no effect of ripening stages on this parameter. The decay of fruits increased substancially after 21 days for pink and red ripening stages.

TÉ DE COMPOSTA COMO FERTILIZANTE ORGÁNICO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. EN INVERNADERO

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E. Ochoa-Martínez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la aportación de nitrógeno (N y otros nutrimentos en el té de composta para producir tomate en invernadero. Se evaluaron cuatro tipos de fertilización en tres genotipos. Los tipos de fertilización fueron: solución nutritiva, té de composta, té de composta diluido y aplicación fraccionada de composta. Los genotipos fueron Bosky, Romina y PX01636262. La evaluación se realizó hasta el octavo racimo cosechado. El efecto del tipo de fertilización y del genotipo fue significativo en el rendimiento, en tanto que la interacción de ambos factores no fue significativa. Las plantas con solución nutritiva obtuvieron el mayor rendimiento con 21.8 kg·m-2, mientras que el té de composta rindió 17 % menos; esta reducción se relacionó con una mayor conductividad eléctrica (CE en la solución del sustrato. El té de composta también redujo 21 % el peso por fruto y aumentó 19 % los sólidos solubles. Las variedades Bosky y PX01636262 rindieron cerca de 20 kg·m-2, en tanto Romina rindió significativamente menos, debido a un menor peso por fruto. La concentración de N foliar al inicio de floración e inicio de cosecha fue similar con solución nutritiva y con té de composta; además, no se observaron síntomas de deficiencia de nutrimentos, lo que significa que el té de composta abasteció las necesidades de N y otros nutrimentos, logrando producir más de 18 kg·m-2 de fruto extra grande con más de 4 oBrix de sólidos solubles, a un menor costo de fertilización.

Evaluación de distintas materias primas para la producción de almácigo de tomate

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Fernando Richmond

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron mezclas de materias primas naturales en diferentes proporciones y en el siguiente orden: fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera, aserrín de melina (Gmelina arborea y abono orgánico Coope Victoria, para utilizarlos como sustrato en la etapa de almácigo de tomate híbrido FBM-17. Se hicieron mezclas entre sí de fibra de coco y aserrín de melina en diferentes proporciones (30%, 40% y 50% de cada material, para un total de 9 tratamientos; el abono orgánico se agregó para completar el 100%. Se evaluó la variable porcentaje de germinación 7 días después de la siembra (dds y porcentaje de plantas trasplantables a 27 dds en cada parcela útil. Además, en 10 plántulas escogidas al azar dentro de cada parcela útil (a 27 dds se evaluó: altura de plántula, grosor del tallo, peso seco de raíz y parte aérea, relación raíz/parte aérea y calidad de adobe. Del total de tratamientos, los mayores valores para las variables evaluadas se obtuvieron en los 3 tratamientos donde la proporción de aserrín de melina fue 30%, junto con el tratamiento de 40% de fibra de coco + 40% de aserrín de melina + 20% de abono orgánico Coope Victoria; entre ellos el sustrato con tendencia a dar mejores resultados en todas las variables fue la mezcla 30-30-40. Los valores inferiores para las variables evaluadas se obtuvieron en el tratamiento donde no se incluyó en la mezcla abono orgánico (50-50-0, excepto para las variables porcentaje de germinación y relación raíz/parte aérea. La inclusión de abono orgánico en la mezcla del sustrato favoreció la obtención de valores satisfactorios.

Sample (S): SE3_S02 [Metabolonote[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available SE3_S02 Solanum lycopersicum House Momotaro fruit Solanum lycopersicum NCBI taxonom...y:4081 Solanum lycopersicum House Momotaro (ref: http://www.e-taneya.com/item/914.html) are grown at agricultural field under normal film in natural conditions. ...

Calidad postcosecha de tomates almacenados en atmósferas controladas Postharvest quality of tomato fruits stored under controlled atmospheres

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Perla A. Gómez

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Las atmósferas controladas alargan la vida en estante del tomate, permitiendo su cosecha en estados de madurez más avanzados y a su vez afectando su calidad. El objetivo de este experimento fue estudiar los efectos que atmósferas controladas con bajas concentraciones de oxígeno y libres de dióxido de carbono y etileno, producen sobre el color, la firmeza y los principales componentes del sabor de frutos de tomate cultivar Diva. Durante abril de 1998, frutos cosechados con grado de color 3 (USDA en INTA Balcarce (Argentina fueron almacenados en frascos herméticos de 3 L a 12°C durante 36 días. El diseño fue completamente aleatorizado con tres repeticiones. Cada frasco poseía cuatro frutos, los que constituyeron la unidad experimental. Los tratamientos fueron cuatro, consistiendo en un flujo continuo de: a 1%, b 3%, c 5% y d 21% de O2 (testigo completando con N2 hasta 100%. El color, medido con un colorímetro, evolucionó más lentamente y la firmeza se retuvo por más tiempo a medida que se redujo la concentración de oxígeno. Con 5% de oxígeno el color final no difirió del testigo, con 3% sólo fue igual al exponerlos luego a 20°C, no alcanzándose una coloración normal con 1%. Por otra parte, y en todos los tratamientos por igual, los sólidos solubles y la acidez fueron menores y el pH fue mayor que al inicio. El color y la firmeza preferidos por los consumidores (Índice de color »12 y firmeza » 65 KPa fueron alcanzados a los 7 días de almacenamiento con 21% de O2, a los 12 con 5%, a los 14 con 3% y a los 21 con 1%, correspondiéndose con valores decrecientes de la relación sólidos solubles/acidez titulable. Esto indicaría que frutos externamente semejantes poseerían propiedades organolépticas diferentes. Los efectos observados estarían asociados no sólo a la menor tensión de oxígeno, sino también a la ausencia de etileno.Controlled atmosphere extends tomato shelf life, allowing them to be harvested them at later

Effect of Blue Light on Endogenous Isopentenyladenine and Endoreduplication during Photomorphogenesis and De-Etiolation of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Seedlings

Science.gov (United States)

Bergougnoux, Véronique; Zalabák, David; Jandová, Michaela; Novák, Ondřej; Wiese-Klinkenberg, Anika; Fellner, Martin

2012-01-01

Light is one of the most important factor influencing plant growth and development all through their life cycle. One of the well-known light-regulated processes is de-etiolation, i.e. the switch from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. The hormones cytokinins (CKs) play an important role during the establishment of photomorphogenesis as exogenous CKs induced photomorphogenesis of dark-grown seedlings. Most of the studies are conducted on the plant model Arabidopsis, but no or few information are available for important crop species, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). In our study, we analyzed for the first time the endogenous CKs content in tomato hypocotyls during skotomorphogenesis, photomorphogenesis and de-etiolation. For this purpose, two tomato genotypes were used: cv. Rutgers (wild-type; WT) and its corresponding mutant (7B-1) affected in its responses to blue light (BL). Using physiological and molecular approaches, we identified that the skotomorphogenesis is characterized by an endoreduplication-mediated cell expansion, which is inhibited upon BL exposure as seen by the accumulation of trancripts encoding CycD3, key regulators of the cell cycle. Our study showed for the first time that iP (isopentenyladenine) is the CK accumulated in the tomato hypocotyl upon BL exposure, suggesting its specific role in photomorphogenesis. This result was supported by physiological experiments and gene expression data. We propose a common model to explain the role and the relationship between CKs, namely iP, and endoreduplication during de-etiolation and photomorphogenesis. PMID:23049779

Estudios de eficacia de trichoderma cepa G008 sobre el complejo “marchitez del tomate” (lycopersicon esculentum mill)

OpenAIRE

Cevallos Maridueña, Soraya Efigenia

2010-01-01

El tomate Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., es uno de los cultivos de importancia económica entre las hortalizas en Ecuador. Datos estadísticos en el país del año 2006 dan a conocer que la superficie sembrada con tomate fue 677.59 ha, con una producción de 1848.123 Tm (INEC, 2006).

Passivity-Based Automated Design of Stable Multi-Feedback Distributed Power Delivery Systems

Science.gov (United States)

2017-03-01

power ility criterion tomated desi designing a shown in Fig gulator is syn ogy and desig is used durin ber and lo upplies in th stem. During livery...Nu co ,736 318 578 776 ng scenario i y system. Th ted system i rent loads. I power supplie ocation of th fies the qualit the distribute tomated

EFECTO DEL VERMICOMPOST Y QUITINA SOBRE EL CONTROL DE Meloidogyne incognita EN TOMATE A NIVEL DE INVERNADERO

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Leida Castro

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Meloidogyne incognita es un nematodo endoparásito sedentario, de penetración total y formador de nódulos radicales; tiene una amplia distribución geográfica y causa pérdidas agrícolas importantes. Recientemente se han utilizado abonos orgánicos y compuestos como la quitina en la supresión de plagas y enfermedades de plantas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de vermicompost de estiércol bovino y su enriquecimiento con quitina, sobre la infección de M. incognita en plantas de tomate var. Hayslip bajo condiciones de invernadero. Para esto se inocularon las plantas con 5000 unidades de inóculo (huevos+juveniles en segundo estado por maceta y se compararon con controles que fueron sembrados en suelo sin enmienda orgánica o quitina. La evaluación se llevó a cabo 60 días después y se midió el peso fresco aéreo y radical, peso seco aéreo, población total de nematodos en raíz y suelo, índice de nódulos radicales (INR, índice de masas de huevos (IMH, el factor de reproducción del nematodo (FR y recuento de grupos funcionales (hongos, bacterias y actinomicetes. La adición al suelo de vermicompost provocó un incremento en las variables peso fresco y seco foliar y peso fresco radical: a mayor porcentaje de vermicompost, mayor incremento; así mismo, la aplicación del vermicompost redujo la cantidad del nematodo en raíz y en suelo. La aplicación de quitina acentuó estos resultados, obteniéndose el menor factor de reproducción de M. Incognita, con un valor de 3,76 para la dosis de 50% vermicompost+quitina, mientras que en el testigo este factor fue de 93,20. La aplicación de quitina como enmienda única solo afectó la población de hongos en el suelo, mientras que la de actinomicetes aumentó en los tratamientos enmendados.

ÍNDICE DE ESTRÉS HÍDRICO DEL CULTIVO DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.

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R. López- López

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El uso de la termometría infrarroja para medir el índice de estrés hídrico de cultivos (IEHC es una herramienta confiable en la programación de riegos, combinado con sistemas eficientes de riego permiten maximizar la productividad de cultivos. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron determinar el IEHC en tomate de cáscara (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. producido con riego por goteo, su relación con láminas de riego y acolchado plástico en la programación del riego y predicción del rendimiento de frutos. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se estudiaron los efectos de cinco láminas de riego (reposición del 40, 60, 80, 100 y 120 % de la evapotranspiración de referencia de Penman-Monteith (ET0. El IEHC fue calculado a partir de mediciones de temperatura del cultivo y del aire, y de la humedad relativa con una pistola de rayos infrarrojos. Después el déficit de presión de vapor (DPV se estimó. La ecuación que define el límite inferior del IEHC expresa la relación entre el DPV y la diferencia de temperatura del cultivo y del aire (Tc-Ta. Cuando el cultivo transpira, esta relación es: Tc -Ta = 1.21 - 131 DPV (r2 =0.68, P<0.01, n=42 y el límite superior fue de 2.8 °C, cuando el cultivo no transpira. El rendimiento de frutos se correlacionó directamente con valores promedios de IEHC y se obtuvo la ecuación lineal: Y = 52.53-69.7IEHC (r2 = 0.65, P<0.01 y n = 30. Los modelos que predicen el IEHC a partir de la lámina de riego y efecto de acolchado plástico se ajustan con r2 de 0.87 a 0.96, P<0.01 y n=30. El IEHC aumenta linealmente cuando disminuye el potencial del agua.

Evaluación y selección de un protocolo para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate Unapal-Arreboles Evaluation and selection of a protocol for in vitro regeneration of tomato variety Unapal-Arreboles

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Hernando Ramírez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se compararon tres medios de cultivo para seleccionar el apropiado para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate UNAPAL-Arreboles. Se evaluó la producción de callos/explante, brotes/explante y plántulas /explante. El análisis de varianza y la prueba de Duncan permitieron concluir que el medio M3 presentó los mejores promedios para las variables evaluadas.The main objective of this research was to carried out the comparison of three culture medium of major use for in vitro regeneration of tomato, to select the more appropriate medium for in vitro regeneration of tomato, variety UNAPAL-Arreboles. The analysis of variance and media comparison was made based on the callus, shoots and plantlets production. The highest efficiency of callus, shoots and plantlets production was obtained with the M3 media.

A GC-ECD method for estimation of free and bound amino acids, gamma-aminobutyric acid, salicylic acid, and acetyl salicylic acid from Solanum lycopersicum (L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Meher, Hari Charan; Gajbhiye, Vijay T; Singh, Ghanendra

2011-01-01

A gas chromatograph with electron capture detection method for estimation of selected metabolites--amino acids (free and bound), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), salicylic acid (SA), and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) from tomato--is reported. The method is based on nitrophenylation of the metabolites by 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene under aqueous alkaline conditions to form dinitophenyl derivatives. The derivatives were stable under the operating conditions of GC. Analysis of bound amino acids comprised perchloric acid precipitation of protein, alkylation (carboxymethylation) with iodoacetic acid, vapor-phase hydrolysis, and derivatization with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in that order. The metabolites were resolved in 35 min, using a temperature-programmed run. The method is rapid, sensitive, and precise. It easily measured the typical amino acids (aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, leucine, lysine, and phenylalanine) used for identification and quantification of a protein, resolved amino acids of the same mass (leucine and isoleucine), satisfactorily measured sulfur amino acid (methionine, cystine, and cysteine), and quantified GABA, SA, and ASA, as well. The developed method was validated for specificity, linearity, and precision. It has been applied and recommended for estimation of 25 metabolites from Solanum lycopersicum (L.).

Evaluation of the Water Requirements for a Greenhouse Tomato Crop using the Priestley-Taylor Method Evaluación del Consumo de Agua de un Cultivo de Tomate en Invernadero Usando el Método de Priestley-Taylor

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Héctor Valdés-Gómez

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The Priestley-Taylor (PT model was evaluated for estimating the real evapotranspiration (ETreal of a drip-irrigated greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. crop. The net radiation incorporated in the PT model was estimated using meteorological variables. For this experiment, an automatic weather station (AWS was installed inside the greenhouse to measure solar radiation (Rgi, net radiation (Rn, air temperature (Ta and relative humidity (RH. Another AWS was installed over a grass cover to measure atmospheric conditions outside the greenhouse. The experiment was carried out at the Panguilemo experimental station (35°23' S, 71°40' W, 110 m.a.s.l. from August to December 2000. The PT model was evaluated using the ETreal obtained from the water balance (WB method. In this case, values of ETreal by PT model were calculated using: a Rgi and soil heat flux (G = 0; b Rgi and G ≠ 0; c solar radiation measured outside the greenhouse (Rge and G = 0; and d Rge and G ≠ 0. For these cases, results indicated that PT model was able to compute ETreal with errors less than 5%. Also, Rn was calculated with a relative absolute error and a mean deviation lower than 6% and 0.07 mm d-1, respectively, using Rgi or Rge. Daily soil heat flux values equal to zero did not affect the calculation of ETreal values. Thus, the PT model evaluated in this study could be used for scheduling irrigation for a greenhouse tomato crop, using internal measurements of air temperature and relative humidity, and external measurements of solar radiation. In this case, PT model predicted the ETreal with an error of 6.1%.Se evaluó el comportamiento del modelo de Priestley-Taylor (PT para la estimación de la evapotranspiración real (ETreal de un cultivo de tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. en condiciones de invernadero. La radiación neta incorporada en el modelo de PT fue calculada usando variables meteorológicas clásicas. Para este experimento, una estación meteorol

Des pratiques culturales influent sur les attaques de deux ravageurs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La culture de tomate est attaquée par plusieurs ravageurs dont Helicoverpa armigera et Tuta absoluta. Dans le but d'évaluer l'effet des pratiques culturales de la tomate sur ces principaux ravageurs dans les Niayes (Sénégal), un échantillonnage de 98 parcelles est effectué, sur quatre cycles de culture en saison sèche, de ...

Generación de anticuerpos policlonales para la detección de la variante genotípica GIII de PVY, en cultivos de tomate de árbol y papa de Colombia

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Yuliana Gallo García

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Título en ingles: Generation of policlonal antibodies for detection of the PVY genotypic variant GIII in tamarillo and potato crops from Colombia Resumen: El potyvirus PVY es uno de los agentes causales más frecuentemente asociados a problemas virales en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol en Colombia. Dada la importancia económica de las enfermedades causadas por PVY y a la necesidad de generar material de siembra certificado por su sanidad viral, es fundamental la generación de herramientas de diagnóstico que permitan la detección temprana de este virus. En este trabajo se reporta la obtención de anticuerpos policlonales específicos, útiles para la detección del genotipo III de PVY (GIII, una de las tres variantes que recientemente han sido reportadas en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol de la región Andina de Colombia. Como antígeno, se utilizó un péptido sintético diseñado a partir de la región variable del extremo N-terminal del gen de la cápside viral. La sensibilidad de los anticuerpos fue evaluada mediante pruebas de ELISA y dot-blot utilizando péptidos sintéticos. Se realizó una prueba piloto para validar el uso de los anticuerpos a partir de plantas sintomáticas y asintomáticas obtenidas de una región donde confluyen cultivos de ambas solanáceas, encontrándose que los anticuerpos generados ofrecen mayores niveles de detección que los anticuerpos comerciales comúnmente utilizados para detectar los serotipos PVY-O,C y PVY-N de este virus. Palabras clave: anticuerpos policlonales; ELISA; potyvirus; RT-PCR; virus Y de la papa Abstract: PVY is one of the potyvirus more frequently associated with viral infections in tomato and tamarillo crops in Colombia. Due to the economic impact of PVY and the need to certify seeds as virus-free it is important to develop diagnostic tools that allow its premature detection. In this work, the obtention of antibodies detecting the genotype III of PVY is reported. This genotype

INTENSIDAD DE LOS SABORES BÁSICOS DEL TOMATE (Lycopersicon esculentum EN SEIS ESTADOS DE MADUREZ INTENSITY OF BASIC TASTES OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum IN SIX MATURITY STAGES

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KATHERIN CASTRO

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, la hortaliza más sembrada en Colombia, es considerada una de las más importantes por su volumen de producción y demanda. La exigencia del consumidor en sus características organolépticas hace necesario un estudio detallado acerca de sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales. El análisis sensorial se realizó con un panel entrenado de cinco jueces y las muestras de tomate fueron escogidas de acuerdo con parámetros físicos de color (Cuadro 1 y calidad en los seis estados de madurez del fruto. Se empleó el método de perfil descriptivo, con una escala de respuesta de 0 a 10 puntos, con el fin de cuantificar la intensidad de los sabores básicos (dulce, ácido, amargo, salado y umami. Se realizó un diseño aleatorizado en bloques con seis réplicas por cada tratamiento y un nivel de significancia del 5%. Este indicó la inexistencia de diferencias significativas en las intensidades para cada estado de madurez (p≤ 0,05, y la existencia de diferencias significativas en las intensidades para cada sabor básico evaluado (p>0,05. Mediante el perfil sensorial, se logró establecer que en los estados de madurez 1 y 2, el atributo de mayor intensidad fue el ácido, en los estados de madurez 3, 4 y 5, el atributo que sobresalió fue el dulce y en el estado 6, el atributo percibido en mayor grado fue el umami. Los sabores amargo y salado, se percibieron en una baja intensidad, en los diferentes estados de madurez.The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, the vegetable more seeding in the country, is considered one of most important by its volume of production and demand. The exigency of the consumer in sensory characteristics makes necessary a detailed study about its physicochemistry and sensory properties. The sensory analysis was made with a trained panel of five judges and the tomato samples were chosen according to parameters of color and quality in the six ripeness stages of the fruit. Was made using the

Avaliação de substratos para a produção de mudas de tomate e pepino

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Luiz Antonio de Mendonça Costa

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar mudas de pepino e de tomateiro em relação a diferentes composições de substratos orgânicos, formulados com composto de resíduos do abate de aves, podas de árvores e areia. Os experimentos foram realizados em bandejas com 200 células, em blocos casualizados. Para mudas de tomateiro, os tratamentos foram: T0 (Plantmax® HT; T1 (composto; T2 (composto + areia, proporção 3:1 peso; T3 (composto + areia, proporção 1:1 peso e T4 (composto + areia, proporção 1:3 peso. Para mudas de pepino, os tratamentos foram: T0 (Plantmax® HA e as mesmas composições de substratos orgânicos adotadas para as de tomate. Avaliaram-se a emergência de plântulas (EP, o comprimento de raiz (CR, a massa seca de raiz (MSR e da parte aérea (MSPA. Os substratos T0 e T4, que proporcionaram emergência rápida das plântulas de tomateiro, propiciaram maior CR. Mas os valores de CR nesses subtratos não diferiram daqueles observados em T2 e T3, aos 20 dias após a emergência (DAE. Houve aumento da MSPA do tomateiro, cultivado em T4, em relação à dos cultivados em T0 e T3. A MSR do tomateiro, em T2, T3 e T4, foi superior à observada em T0 e T1. Para a MSPA do pepino, aos 30 DAE, houve acúmulo de massa seca das plantas cultivadas em T3 e T4, em relação à dos tratamentos T0 e T1. Em relação à MSR, os substratos à base de composto proporcionaram resultados superiores aos de T0, destacando-se T3 e T4. Assim, para produção de mudas de pepino, recomendam-se os substratos T3 e T4 e, para tomateiro, o substrato T4.

Condições de trabalho associadas ao uso de agrotóxicos na cultura de tomate de mesa em Goiás Work conditions associated to the use of pesticides in the tomato crop in Goiás

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Sueli Martins Freitas Alves

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O Estado de Goiás, em 2005 foi o maior produtor de tomate do Brasil. Para garantir a produção e controlar as pragas que atacam essa cultura, o tomaticultor apóia-se em pacotes tecnológicos utilizando a aplicação sistemática de produtos químicos. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, conhecer o cenário no qual os trabalhadores da cultura de tomate em Goiás estão inseridos. Foram selecionados, por meio de amostragem sistemática, seis municípios: Bonfinópolis, Corumbá de Goiás, Goianápolis, Leopoldo de Bulhões, Pirenópolis e Silvânia. Os dados foram obtidos a partir das visitas de campo realizadas no período de dezembro de 2004 a outubro de 2005 e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: entrevista, questionário proposto aos trabalhadores que manipulam os agrotóxicos e a técnica da observação livre. A partir da análise das informações foi possível concluir que esses trabalhadores estão constantemente expostos aos agrotóxicos e há uma falta de preparo para a manipulação dessas substâncias.In 2005, Goiás state was the greater tomato producer in Brazil. To improve the harvest and to keep the tomato disease under control, the tomato producer makes use of a technological packing kit with systematic application of many chemical substances. The major purpose of this thesis is to describe the daily conditions that the tomato plantation workers are subordinated in Goiás State. The research was obtained through systematic sampling directly in the tomato plantation in a period range from December 2004 to October 2005 in six selected cities: Bonfinópolis, Corumbá de Goiás, Goianápolis, Leopoldo de Bulhoes, Perenópolis, and Silvânia. The data were collected from interview, questionnaire to be answered by the workers that manipulate pesticides, and making register of the facts observed during visitation in the tillage. From the data analysis it is possible to conclude that the tomato tillage workers are exposed for long

Determinação em tempo real da magnitude de danos físicos por impacto em linhas de beneficiamento e em condições de laboratório e seus efeitos na qualidade de tomate Real time determination of physical impact damage in packing lines and under laboratory conditions and its effects in tomato fruits quality

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Marcos D. Ferreira

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O tomate de mesa é uma das principais hortaliças consumidas no Brasil e apresenta elevados índices de perdas pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a magnitude dos impactos verificados em linhas de beneficiamento para tomate de mesa, bem como determinar, em laboratório, as alterações na qualidade de tomates submetidos a danos físicos controlados em diferentes superfícies. Para a avaliação dos pontos críticos e registro da magnitude dos impactos, foi usada uma esfera instrumentada. Os pontos críticos de transferência demonstraram valores de aceleração entre 30 e 129 G (m s-2. Os testes laboratoriais evidenciaram que superfícies acolchoadas reduziram em até 31% a magnitude de impacto. A incidência de danos físicos internos foi crescente e atingiu 79% em superfícies rígidas para a maior altura de queda livre. Por outro lado, observou-se redução na incidência de danos físicos nos frutos quando superfícies protetoras foram utilizadas, verificando-se na altura de 10 cm um limite mínimo de 5% de danos severos, enquanto para superfície rígida o mínimo correspondeu a 10%. As variáveis de qualidade foram alteradas, verificando-se maior perda de massa, maiores valores de acidez total, menores valores de ácido ascórbico e sólidos solúveis para maiores alturas de queda livre sobre superfícies rígidas.Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and are among the crops that have one of the highest post-harvest losses indexes in the country. The present work aimed at evaluating impact damage observed in packing lines of fresh tomatoes as well as to determine, under laboratory conditions, quality alterations of tomato fruits submitted to impact damage in different surface types. Critical points evaluation was accomplished using an instrumented sphere. Critical transference points found showed variations in acceleration levels from 30 to 129 G (m s-2. Tests carried out under laboratory

Effect of Post-Infiltration Soil Aeration at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Fruit Quality of Drip-Irrigated Potted Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum).

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yuan; Jia, Zongxia; Niu, Wenquan; Wang, Jingwei; Zhang, Mingzhi

2015-01-01

Soil hydraulic principles suggest that post-infiltration hypoxic conditions would be induced in the plant root-zone for drip-irrigated tomato production in small pots filled with natural soil. No previous study specifically examined the response of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) at different growth stages to low soil aeration under these conditions. A 2 × 6 factorial experiment was conducted to quantify effects of no post-infiltration soil aeration versus aeration during 5 different periods (namely 27-33, 34-57, 58-85, 86-99, and 27-99 days after sowing), on growth and fruit quality of potted single tomato plants that were sub-surface trickle-irrigated every 2 days at 2 levels. Soil was aerated by injecting 2.5 liters of air into each pot through the drip tubing immediately after irrigation. Results showed that post-infiltration aeration, especially during the fruit setting (34-57 DAS) and enlargement (58-85 DAS) growth stages, can positively influence the yield, root dry weight and activity, and the nutritional (soluble solids and vitamin C content), taste (titratable acidity), and market quality (shape and firmness) of the tomato fruits. Interactions between irrigation level and post-infiltration aeration on some of these fruit quality parameters indicated a need for further study on the dynamic interplay of air and water in the root zone of the plants under the conditions of this experiment.

Effect of Post-Infiltration Soil Aeration at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Fruit Quality of Drip-Irrigated Potted Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum.

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Yuan Li

Full Text Available Soil hydraulic principles suggest that post-infiltration hypoxic conditions would be induced in the plant root-zone for drip-irrigated tomato production in small pots filled with natural soil. No previous study specifically examined the response of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum at different growth stages to low soil aeration under these conditions. A 2 × 6 factorial experiment was conducted to quantify effects of no post-infiltration soil aeration versus aeration during 5 different periods (namely 27-33, 34-57, 58-85, 86-99, and 27-99 days after sowing, on growth and fruit quality of potted single tomato plants that were sub-surface trickle-irrigated every 2 days at 2 levels. Soil was aerated by injecting 2.5 liters of air into each pot through the drip tubing immediately after irrigation. Results showed that post-infiltration aeration, especially during the fruit setting (34-57 DAS and enlargement (58-85 DAS growth stages, can positively influence the yield, root dry weight and activity, and the nutritional (soluble solids and vitamin C content, taste (titratable acidity, and market quality (shape and firmness of the tomato fruits. Interactions between irrigation level and post-infiltration aeration on some of these fruit quality parameters indicated a need for further study on the dynamic interplay of air and water in the root zone of the plants under the conditions of this experiment.

Viabilidade técnica e econômica da caixa Embrapa para comercialização de tomate para consumo in natura Technical and economic viability of the Embrapa crate for marketing of fresh tomatoes

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Nirlene J. Vilela

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliadas as vantagens econômicas da nova embalagem desenvolvida pela Embrapa Hortaliças para comercialização de tomate para consumo in natura. A caixa tipo "K", embalagem mais usada no Brasil, tem grande número de características indesejáveis. Considerando os problemas da caixa tipo "K" e o alto índice de perdas pós-colheita na cadeia produtiva de hortaliças, a Embrapa Hortaliças iniciou um programa de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de uma nova embalagem para tomate. O trabalho culminou com a definição da nova embalagem de plástico nomeada caixa Embrapa. Além de outras vantagens técnicas a nova embalagem, comparada com a caixa tipo "K", apresentou redução de perdas pós colheita (17%, considerando a conservação e integridade dos frutos. Para um horizonte de 5 anos, os indicadores econômicos para ambas embalagens, mostraram viabilidade econômica superior para a caixa Embrapa, sendo o valor presente líquido de, aproximadamente, R$ 60,7 mil e R$ 90,0 mil para a caixa tipo "K" e Caixa Embrapa, respectivamente. A taxa de benefício/custo foi de 4,80 e 7,80 para a caixa tipo "K" e caixa Embrapa, respectivamente. Considerando preços correntes e custos totais, a caixa Embrapa apresentou-se técnica e economicamente viável.The economic advantages of a new crate developed for commercialization of fresh tomatoes was evaluated. The Box type "K", name of the package for fresh vegetables crops mostly employed in Brazil, has many undesirables features. Considering the problems of box type "K" and the high index of post harvest losses in the production chain of vegetables, Embrapa Hortaliças started a research program focusing on the development of a new container for fresh tomatoes. This work ended with the adaptation of a new crate model made of plastic. This Embrapa crate showed comparative physical advantages of approximately 17% reduction in postharvest losses when compared to the box type K, considering conservation and

Eco-Friendly Nets and Floating Row Covers Reduce Pest Infestation and Improve Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Yields for Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

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Elisha O. Gogo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. is an important vegetable for supplying vitamins, minerals and fiber in human diets worldwide. Successful open field production of tomato in the tropics is limited by insect pests among other constraints. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya with the objective of evaluating the effects of agricultural nets (agronets herein called eco-friendly nets (EFNs and floating row covers (FRCs on pest population and yield of tomatoes. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Tomato plants were protected with either fine mesh EFN (0.4-mm pore diameter, large mesh EFN (0.9-mm pore diameter or FRC. The EFN and FRC were maintained permanently closed or opened thrice a week from 9 am to 3 pm. Two control treatments were used: open unsprayed (untreated control or open and sprayed with alpha-cypermethrin based insecticide (treated control. The use of EFN and FRC helped to manage pests with the lowest pest population obtained under FRC maintained permanently covered and the highest population recorded in the untreated control. Covering tomato plants with EFN or FRC also resulted in more marketable fruit and lower yield losses compared with the unprotected systems. The EFN and FRC offer great potential as part of integrated systems for pest management and yield improvement in tomato production in regions with a tropical climate.

Semi-determinate growth habit adjusts the vegetative-to-reproductive balance and increases productivity and water-use efficiency in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

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Vicente, Mateus Henrique; Zsögön, Agustin; de Sá, Ariadne Felicio Lopo; Ribeiro, Rafael V; Peres, Lázaro E P

2015-04-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) shows three growth habits: determinate, indeterminate and semi-determinate. These are controlled mainly by allelic variation in the self-pruning (SP) gene family, which also includes the "florigen" gene single flower TRUSS (SFT). Determinate cultivars have synchronized flower and fruit production, which allows mechanical harvesting in the tomato processing industry, whereas indeterminate ones have more vegetative growth with continuous flower and fruit formation, being thus preferred for fresh market tomato production. The semi-determinate growth habit is poorly understood, although there are indications that it combines advantages of determinate and indeterminate growth. Here, we used near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) with different growth habit to characterize semi-determinate growth and to determine its impact on developmental and productivity traits. We show that semi-determinate genotypes are equivalent to determinate ones with extended vegetative growth, which in turn impacts shoot height, number of leaves and either stem diameter or internode length. Semi-determinate plants also tend to increase the highly relevant agronomic parameter Brix × ripe yield (BRY). Water-use efficiency (WUE), evaluated either directly as dry mass produced per amount of water transpired or indirectly through C isotope discrimination, was higher in semi-determinate genotypes. We also provide evidence that the increases in BRY in semi-determinate genotypes are a consequence of an improved balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, a mechanism analogous to the conversion of the overly vegetative tall cereal varieties into well-balanced semi-dwarf ones used in the Green Revolution. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Balance de energía en cultivos hortícolas a campo en Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina

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J. Denoia

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la gestión de la energía en cultivos de papa, tomate y lechuga en un área próxima a la ciudad de Rosario (Argentina. Se consideraron todos los ingresos de materia al sistema y su producción transformándolos en energía al multiplicar las cantidades de insumos por sus contenidos energéticos. Se analizó tanto la energía directa como la indirecta. Se estudió la gestión energética dentro de los límites físicos del sistema. Los indicadores empleados fueron: eficiencia energética (EfE y productividad energética (PE. Los balances energéticos de papa y tomate fueron negativos, mientras que en lechuga, la energía producida fue menor que la ingresada. La mayor eficiencia energética se registró en tomate (3,54, seguida por papa (2,69; la menor fue en lechuga (0,25. La energía ingresada en tomate resultó la más eficiente (88,6 kgMS/100 Mj, seguida por la de papa (16 kgMS/100 Mj y la de lechuga (10,8 kgMS/100 Mj.

Response to nitrate/ammonium nutrition of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants overexpressing a prokaryotic NH4(+)-dependent asparagine synthetase.

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Martínez-Andújar, Cristina; Ghanem, Michel Edmond; Albacete, Alfonso; Pérez-Alfocea, Francisco

2013-05-01

Nitrogen availability is an important limiting factor for plant growth. Although NH4(+) assimilation is energetically more favorable than NO3(-), it is usually toxic for plants. In order to study if an improved ammonium assimilatory metabolism could increase the plant tolerance to ammonium nutrition, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv P-73) plants were transformed with an NH4(+)-dependent asparagine synthetase (AS-A) gene from Escherichia coli (asnA) under the control of a PCpea promoter (pea isolated constitutive promotor). Homozygous (Hom), azygous (Az) asnA and wild type (WT) plants were grown hydroponically for 6 weeks with normal Hoagland nutrition (NO3(-)/NH4(+)=6/0.5) and high ammonium nutrition (NO3(-)/NH4(+)=3.5/3). Under Hoagland's conditions, Hom plants produced 40-50% less biomass than WT and Az plants. However, under NO3(-)/NH4(+)=3.5/3 the biomass of Hom was not affected while it was reduced by 40-70% in WT and Az plants compared to Hoagland, respectively. The Hom plants accumulated 1.5-4 times more asparagine, glycine, serine and soluble proteins and registered higher glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities in the light-adapted leaves than the other genotypes, but had similar NH4(+) and NO3(-) levels in all conditions. In the dark-adapted leaves, a protein catabolism occurred in the Hom plants with a concomitant 25-40% increase in organic acid concentration, while asparagine accumulation registered the highest values. The aforementioned processes might be responsible for a positive energetic balance as regards the futile cycle of the transgenic protein synthesis and catabolism. This explains growth penalty under standard nutrition and growth stability under NO3(-)/NH4(+)=3.5/3, respectively. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Generación de anticuerpos policlonales para la detección de la variante genotípica GIII de PVY, en cultivos de tomate de árbol y papa de Colombia

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Yuliana Gallo García

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Título en ingles: Generation of policlonal antibodies for detection of the PVY genotypic variant GIII in tamarillo and potato crops from Colombia Resumen: El potyvirus PVY es uno de los agentes causales más frecuentemente asociados a problemas virales en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol en Colombia. Dada la importancia económica de las enfermedades causadas por PVY y a la necesidad de generar material de siembra certificado por su sanidad viral, es fundamental la generación de herramientas de diagnóstico que permitan la detección temprana de este virus. En este trabajo se reporta la obtención de anticuerpos policlonales específicos, útiles para la detección del genotipo III de PVY (GIII, una de las tres variantes que recientemente han sido reportadas en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol de la región Andina de Colombia. Como antígeno, se utilizó un péptido sintético diseñado a partir de la región variable del extremo N-terminal del gen de la cápside viral. La sensibilidad de los anticuerpos fue evaluada mediante pruebas de ELISA y dot-blot utilizando péptidos sintéticos. Se realizó una prueba piloto para validar el uso de los anticuerpos a partir de plantas sintomáticas y asintomáticas obtenidas de una región donde confluyen cultivos de ambas solanáceas, encontrándose que los anticuerpos generados ofrecen mayores niveles de detección que los anticuerpos comerciales comúnmente utilizados para detectar los serotipos PVY-O,C y PVY-N de este virus. Palabras clave: anticuerpos policlonales; ELISA; potyvirus; RT-PCR; virus Y de la papa Abstract: PVY is one of the potyvirus more frequently associated with viral infections in tomato and tamarillo crops in Colombia. Due to the economic impact of PVY and the need to certify seeds as virus-free it is important to develop diagnostic tools that allow its premature detection. In this work, the

Genome-wide systematic characterization of the bZIP transcriptional factor family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

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Li, Dayong; Fu, Fuyou; Zhang, Huijuan; Song, Fengming

2015-10-12

Transcription factors of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family represent exclusively in eukaryotes and have been shown to regulate diverse biological processes in plant growth and development as well as in abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, little is known about the bZIP family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The SlbZIP genes were identified using local BLAST and hidden Markov model profile searches. The phylogenetic trees, conserved motifs and gene structures were generated by MEGA6.06, MEME tool and gene Structure Display Server, respectively. The syntenic block diagrams were generated by the Circos software. The transcriptional gene expression profiles were obtained using Genevestigator tool and quantitative RT-PCR. In the present study, we carried out a genome-wide identification and systematic analyses of 69 SlbZIP genes that distributes unevenly on the tomato chromosomes. This family can be divided into 9 groups according to the phylogenetic relationship among the SlbZIP proteins. Six kinds of intron patterns (a-f) within the basic and hinge regions are defined. The additional conserved motifs and their presence of the group specificity were also identified. Further, we predicted the DNA-binding patterns and the dimerization property on the basis of the characteristic features in the basic and hinge regions and the leucine zipper, respectively, which supports our classification greatly and helps to classify 24 distinct subfamilies. Within the SlbZIP family, a total of 40 SlbZIP genes are located in the segmental duplicate regions in the tomato genome, suggesting that the segment chromosomal duplications contribute greatly to the expansion of the tomato SlbZIP family. Expression profiling analyses of 59 SlbZIP genes using quantitative RT-PCR and publicly available microarray data indicate that the tomato SlbZIP genes have distinct and diverse expression patterns in different tissues and developmental stages and many of the tomato bZIP genes

Estabilidade de molho de tomate em embalagens metálicas com baixo revestimento de estanho Stability of canned tomato sauce in tinplate cans with a reduced tin layer

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Sílvia Tondella Dantas

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O desempenho de latas de três peças eletrossoldadas com corpo produzido em folha de flandres com camada de estanho de 2,0 g.m-2 no lado interno, contendo 340 g de molho de tomate, foi avaliado por meio da estocagem por 24 meses a 35 °C, tendo sido determinadas periodicamente: a concentração de estanho, ferro e cromo no produto; a condição de vácuo/pressão e a composição gasosa do espaço livre, além da aparência interna da embalagem. A partir dessa avaliação, pode-se concluir que essa embalagem é uma opção viável para 18 meses de estocagem do produto na temperatura ambiente de até 35 °C.The performance of three piece welded cans produced in tinplate with an internal tin layer of 2.0 g.m-2, containing 340 g of tomato sauce, was assessed by means of a storage test carried out for 24 months at 35 °C. The concentrations of tin, iron and chromium in the product, the vacuum/pressure condition and the headspace gas composition were periodically determined, as well as the internal visual appearance of the pack, allowing to conclude that such packaging was a viable option for 18 months of storage of the product from ambient temperature up to 35 °C.

Dosis de polvo de roca y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento del tomate

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C. R. Enciso Garay

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La agricultura sustentable juega un rol muy importante en la producción continua de alimentos, donde se busca reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes minerales y el incremento del uso de fuentes naturales de nutrientes, con bajos impactos en el medio ambiente. Se ha evaluado el efecto de diferentes dosis de polvo de roca de origen basáltico en las características productivas del tomate cultivar Carina, a través de un experimento en el municipio de Caazapá, Departamento de Caazapá, Paraguay, en el periodo de 11/2012 a 04/2013. Los tratamientos consistieron en testigo sin fertilización, testigo experimental con fertilización química (basado en el análisis de suelo y diferentes dosis de polvo de roca de 0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,25; 1,5 y 2,0 t ha-1. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental estuvo constituida de 24 plantas, de las cuales fueron evaluadas ocho. Las variables medidas fueron masa media de frutos, rendimiento comercial y número comercial de frutos por planta (> 50 g. La comparación de medias por la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad arrojó que la fertilización química resultó en mayor rendimiento, masa media de frutos y número de frutos por planta. A partir de la dosis de polvo de roca de 1,0 t ha-1, se encontró efecto significativo sobre el número de frutos por planta y desde 0,75 t ha-1 sobre la masa de frutos y rendimiento, obteniéndose, los mejores resultados con las dosis más elevadas. El análisis de regresión realizado con las dosis de polvo de roca muestra una respuesta lineal creciente para las variables evaluadas.Rock dust dose and its effects on commercial performance of tomatoAbstract: Sustainable agriculture plays a very important role for continuous production of food, where it seeks to reduce the dependence of mineral fertilizers and the increase in the use of natural sources of nutrients, with low impact on the environment. The effect of

Potencial alelopático de Cyperus rotundus L. sobre espécies cultivadas Allelopathic potential of Cyperus rotundus L. upon cultivated species

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Heloísa Monteiro de Andrade

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Metabótitos secundários produzidos em algumas plantas podem provocar alterações no desenvolvimento de outras plantas ou até mesmo de outros organismos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar possíveis efeitos alelopáticos de extratos aquosos de folhas de Cyperus rotundus na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de Brassica campestris, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Brassica oleracea var. italica, Brassica rapa, Lactuca sativa cv. Grand rapids, Lycopersicum esculentum e Raphanus sativus. Foram utilizadas sete concentrações do extrato aquoso (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 e 100%. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de dez sementes das espécies cultivadas, constituindo a unidade amostral. Os extratos aquosos de C. rotundus evidenciaram potencialidades alelopáticas na germinação das sementes e no crescimento das duas partes vegetais (raiz e parte aérea, de todas as espécies testadas, exceto na germinação de sementes de tomate e de alface, sendo que a redução aumentou com o aumento das concentrações dos extratos aquosos utilizados. A estrutura vegetal mais afetada em presença dos extratos aquosos foi o sistema radicular das plântulas.Secondary metabolites produced in some plant species may promote changes in the development of other plants or even in other organisms. The aim of this work was to identify the possible allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Cyperus rotundus leaves on germination and growth of Brassica campestris, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Brassica oleracea var. italica, Brassica rapa, Lactuca sativa cv. Grand rapids, Lycopersicum esculentum and Raphanus sativus seedlings. Seven aqueous extract concentrations were used (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100%. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized desing, with five replications of ten seeds of each cultivated species

1882-IJBCS-Article-Samba Ndiaye

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Après l'oignon, la tomate est le plus important légume au Sénégal. Elle est très sensible au virus. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl (TYLCV). Quatorze variétés de tomate ont été testées pour évaluer leur productivité et leur résistance au TYLC à différents stades phénologiques (floraison, fructification et maturité) dans un dispositif ...

Row spacing and pruning regimes on organically grown cherry tomato Espaçamento e sistema de condução de tomate cereja em cultivo orgânico

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Vlamir F de Azevedo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The effects of branch number and plant densities on organically grown cherry tomato yield and fruit quality were studied. Labor costs for pruning were also assessed. The essay was conducted at the experimental fields of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from September 2004 to January 2005. A factorial design was used combining three row spacings (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m, two cherry tomato cultivars (hybrid 'Super-Sweet' and a local self pollinated 'Perinha' and three pruning regimes (free growth, one branch per plant and two branches per plant. The row spacing treatment of 0.6 x 1.5 m resulted in lower number of fruits when compared to the 0.4 x 1.5 m treatment, however, producing fruits with higher individual average mass, which resulted in similar final yield. These yields were higher than the 0.8 m treatment. Yield increases due to the higher number of plants per area were mostly due to the increase of fruit number, which compensated for the decrease of fruit size and mass. The 'free growth' treatment yielded similarly to the two branches per plant treatment. The labor costs were lower under 'free growth' due to the absence of pruning. Both cultivars responded similarly to plant population and pruning regimes.Com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito do manejo e da densidade de plantio na produtividade de frutos e no custo com mão de obra em sistema orgânico de produção de tomate cereja, foi realizado um experimento no Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFRRJ, Seropédica-RJ, de setembro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005. Foram avaliados os efeitos da combinação de três sistemas de condução (sem tutoramento e sem limitação do número de hastes por planta; tutoramento com condução de uma haste por planta e, tutoramento com condução de duas hastes por planta, três espaçamentos entre plantas (0,4; 0,6 e 0,8 m e duas cultivares de tomate cereja (Perinha Água Branca e Super Sweet. O tratamento com espaçamento de 0,6 x 1,5 m

Characterizing nutrient uptake kinetics for efficient crop production during Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Alef. growth in a closed indoor hydroponic system.

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Lee, Ju Yeon; Rahman, Arifur; Azam, Hossain; Kim, Hyung Seok; Kwon, Man Jae

2017-01-01

A balanced nutrient supply is essential for the healthy growth of plants in hydroponic systems. However, the commonly used electrical conductivity (EC)-based nutrient control for plant cultivation can provide amounts of nutrients that are excessive or inadequate for proper plant growth. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of major and minor nutrient uptake in a nutrient solution during the growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Alef.) in a closed hydroponic system. The concentrations of major and minor ions in the nutrient solution were determined by various analytical methods including inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ion chromatography (IC), ion specific electrodes, and/or colorimetric methods. The concentrations of the individual nutrient ions were compared with changes in the EC. The EC of the nutrient solution varied according to the different growth stages of tomato plants. Variation in the concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ was similar to the EC variation. However, in the cases of PO43-, Na+, Cl-, dissolved Fe and Mn, Cu2+, and Zn2+, variation did not correspond with that of EC. These ions were generally depleted (to 0 mg L-1) during tomato growth, suggesting that these specific ions should be monitored individually and their supply increased. Nutrient uptake rates of major ions increased gradually at different growth stages until harvest (from 15 mg L-1 d-1). Saturation indices determined by MINEQL+ simulation and a mineral precipitation experiment demonstrated the potential for amorphous calcium phosphate precipitation, which may facilitate the abiotic adsorptive removal of dissolved Fe, dissolved Mn, Cu2+, and Zn2+.

Evaluación de algunos insecticidas para el control de la «polilla del tomate», Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae y su efecto residual sobre el parasitoide Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae

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María B. RIQUELME VIRGALA

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La «polilla del tomate», Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, es una plaga clave de este cultivo en Argentina. Su manejo integrado debería incluir una selección de productos fitosanitarios que sean eficaces para su control y, al mismo tiempo, selectivos respecto de sus enemigos naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de control de los insecticidas triflumurón, clorfenapir, abamectin y una cepa experimental de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt sobre la plaga, y el poder residual de los mismos sobre Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja. Se registró la mortalidad de la polilla cada cuatro días, desde la aplicación hasta la emergencia de los adultos. El efecto sobre el parasitoide, se evaluó a través del número de huevos parasitados por hembra expuesta durante 48 horas a folíolos tratados, y su mortalidad luego de 1, 3, 7, 14 y 30 días de la pulverización. Todos los productos ocasionaron una mortalidad de T. absoluta mayor al 65% después de 12 días de aplicados. El Bt fue el único insecticida que no afectó la supervivencia y el parasitismo de T. bactrae . Estos resultados aportan información de interés para la selección de plaguicidas, a emplearse en programas de manejo integrado.

Relaciones nitrógeno-potasio en fertirriego para el cultivo protegido del tomate en suelo Ferralítico Rojo Nitrogen-potassium ratios in fertirrigation for protected cultivation of tomato in Red Ferralitic soil

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María Isabel Hernández Díaz

2009-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de soluciones nutritivas en el fertirriego, con diferentes relaciones entre el nitrógeno y el potasio, en la productividad y calidad de los frutos del tomate (híbrido Hazera 3019, en suelo Ferralítico Rojo. La experiencia se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (La Habana, Cuba. Se estudiaron cuatro soluciones nutritivas, que se diferenciaron en su relación NO3-+NH4+/K+ en términos de meq L-1 (N/K, con una relación K+/Ca2++Mg2+ en todas las variantes de 0,75. Los tratamientos resultantes (T1, 1:0,45; T2, 1:0,60 o testigo de producción, T3, 1:0,75 y T4, 1:0,90 fueron distribuidos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro réplicas. La variación de la relación N/K en la solución nutritiva influyó en el rendimiento, la calidad externa y la vida en anaquel de los frutos de tomate, sin afectar la calidad bromatológica. La mejor combinación entre estructura del rendimiento y calidad de los frutos se obtiene con la relación N/K 1:0,75, al presentar rendimientos superiores en las categorías de calidad comercial extra, primera y extra más primera, así como frutos con mayor firmeza y grosor del endocarpio, menor porcentaje de frutos fuera de norma y valores inferiores de pérdidas postcosecha.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of nutrient solutions in fertirrigation, with different nitrogen-potassium ratios, on yield and quality of tomato fruits (hybrid Hazera 3019 in Red Ferralitic soil (Oxisol. The trial was performed at Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (La Habana, Cuba. Four nutrient solutions were studied, which were different in their NO3-+NH4+/K+ ratios in terms of meq L-1 (N/K, keeping a K+/Ca2++Mg2+ ratio of 0,75 in every variant. The resulting treatments (T1, 1:0.45; T2, 1:0.60 or production test control, T3, 1:0.75 and T4, 1:0.90 were distributed in a completely randomized

CAMBIOS COMPOSICIONALES Y MICROBIOLÓGICOS ASOCIADOS A CICLOS SUCESIVOS DE DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA DE TOMATE DE ÁRBOL COMPOSITIONAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESSIVE OSMODEHYDRATION CYCLES OF TREE TOMATO

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CRISTIAN CAMILO VILLA

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La Deshidratación Osmótica (DO es uno de los procesos más interesantes de aplicar en la industria alimentaria porque que permite la conservación de los productos, al disminuir su actividad de agua, usando la fuerza osmótica de una solución de azúcar, sal u otros materiales. La aplicación de esta técnica a frutas de origen tropical ricas en aromas exóticos como el tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav Sendth, muestra tener gran potencial; sin embargo, se ha visto limitada por el problema económico y ambiental que representa el manejo de grandes volúmenes de la solución osmodeshidratante. En este artículo se establece la posibilidad de reutilizar la Solución Osmótica (SO, en el proceso de DO de cubos deformados de tomate de árbol durante 240 minutos, en una SO de 65°Brix y con una relación solución:fruta de 5:1. En cada ciclo de DO se renovaron los frutos y se reutilizó la SO sin reconcentrar, filtrando cada 4 ciclos. Se analizaron la pérdida de peso y humedad, la ganancia de °Brix, y la disminución de a w, de los frutos en cada ciclo de DO. Se realizaron recuentos microorganismos mesófilos aerobios, hongos y levaduras a la SO luego da cada ciclo de DO impar. Se encontró que la SO mantiene un carácter deshidratante similar al del primer ciclo de DO durante 7 ciclos sucesivos del proceso y es estable microbiológicamente hasta el noveno ciclo de DO.Osmotic Dehydration (OD is one of the most interesting processes to be applied in the food industry because it allows the preservation of products, by reducing their water activity, using the osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of sugar, salt or other materials. The application of this technique to tropical fruits rich in exotic flavors such as tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav Sendth, have shown great potential, but has been constrained by the economic and environmental problem that represents the management large volumes of the osmotic solution. This article

Correlation indices physical space of soil and productivity of fruit tomato industry = Correlação espacial de atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de tomate industrial

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Danilo Gomes de Oliveira

2018-03-01

Full Text Available With mechanization at all stages of crop management, the soil began to receive a higher surface load, which causes changes in its physical properties with possible production impacts. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the variability and spatial correlation of the physical attributes of a Red Latosol with the productivity of industrial tomatoes. For this, a sample mesh was assembled using a global receiver positioning system (GPS, with 84 pairs of spaced apart 80 x 80 m points. After the mesh construction, samples in the 0.00-0.20 m layer were collected in the field to measure the physical attributes of the soil and plant data. The variables measured were: soil density (Ds, soil penetration resistance (PR, soil texture and tomato productivity. The values obtained were analyzed using geostatistics, and were classified according to the degree of spatial dependence. Then, using the ordinary kriging interpolation method and ordinary cokriging, the values for nonsampled sites were estimated, allowing the mapping of isovalues and the definition of management zones in the field. The spatial correlation of the physical attributes with the production components by the ordinary Cokriging method verified spatial correlation only between attributes (soil x soil density and sand content. The use of geostatistics and the construction of the maps by means of kriging and ordinary cokrigation allowed to identify different management zones, that is, the variability of soil attributes and productivity. = Com a mecanização em todas as etapas de manejo das culturas, o solo passou a receber maior carga superficial, o que provoca mudanças em suas propriedades físicas, com possíveis reflexos na produção. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a variabilidade e a correlação espacial dos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho com a produtividade de tomate industrial. Para isso, montou-se uma malha amostral utilizando um receptor global

Rendimiento de plantas de tomate injertadas y efecto de la densidad de tallos en el sistema hidropónico Yield of tomato crop as a result of grafting and shoot density in hydroponic system

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Roberta M.N. Peil

2004-06-01

Full Text Available El cultivo de tomate en primavera con baja densidad inicial de plantas y luego aumentar-se la densidad efectiva mediante el desarrollo de tallos laterales, cuando las integrales diarias de radiación son altas, parece ser una manera prometedora de incrementar el número de frutos m-2 y uniformizar el tamaño del fruto; y presenta la ventaja adicional de requerir-se un menor número de plantas para la superficie de cultivo. Por lo tanto, se ha llevado a cabo un ensayo cuyo objetivo ha sido evaluar los efectos de la densidad de tallos sobre el rendimiento y la uniformidad de los frutos de un cultivo de tomate injertado y no injertado. El cultivo se realizó de marzo a julio de 1998, en las condiciones de invernadero en Almería (sudeste español. La densidad inicial de plantación fue de 2,4 y 3,0 plantas m-2, en el caso de las plantas no injertadas, que presentaban un único tallo en el transplante; y 1,2 plantas m-2 en las plantas injertadas, que tenían dos tallos (2,4 tallos m-2. A partir del mes de abril, mediante el desarrollo de tallos laterales (cuando el tratamiento así lo exigía se pasó a tener las siguientes densidades: 2,4; 3,0 y 3,5 tallos m-2 (plantas injertadas y no injertadas; y 3,0 plantas no injertadas m-2 a un tallo durante todo el ciclo. Los resultados muestran que plantas de tomate injertadas y transplantadas a dos tallos tuvieron igual producción total, pero frutos de tamaño más uniforme, que plantas no injertadas transplantadas a un tallo y con doble densidad de plantas. Dentro del rango de 2,4 a 3,5 tallos m-2, una mayor densidad de tallos aumentó la producción precoz y dio un tamaño más uniforme de frutos, no afectando su peso promedio y la producción total. La adición de tallos laterales (3,0 tallos m-2 supuso una reducción de un 20% en el rendimiento total, pero vino acompañada por un ahorro de un 21% y de un 39% en el número de plantas no injertadas e injertadas, respectivamente, necesarias para la misma

Efeito de diferentes métodos de preparo na germinação de sementes de tomate Effects of different methods of seed preparation on the germination of tomato seeds

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Antônio Augusto do Lago

1976-01-01

Full Text Available Sementes de tomate, extraídas mecanicamente dos frutos e após diferentes métodos de preparo, tiveram seu poder germinativo determinado após 0, 4 e 12 meses de armazenagem. Ao todo, foram estudados os efeitos de 30 métodos de preparo conseguidos com a combinação de cinco tipos de fermentação, dois de desinfecção e três de secagem. O poder germinativo das sementes diminuiu com o aumento do tempo de fermentação e, principalmente, quando se utilizou ácido acético glacial na massa de fermentação. A desinfecção das sementes com sublimado corrosivo proporcionou melhores resultados, o mesmo ocorrendo quando da secagem das sementes à sombra. Os efeitos de interações entre as variáveis foram também analisados.Tomato seeds mechanically extracted from the fruits were subjected to different methods of preparation, i.e., five types of fermentation, two of desinfection, and three of drying. Viability of such seeds was determined after 0, 4, and 12 months of storage. Germination of tomato seeds decreased with the increase of time of fermentation, and, mostly when acetic acid was added to the mass being fermented. The best product for seed desinfection was HgCl2, and shade-drying was the most adequate for tomato seeds.

Desafios e perspectivas para a cadeia brasileira do tomate para processamento industrial Some challenges for the Brazilian chain of processing tomatoes

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Paulo César T. de Melo

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo descrever alguns dos desafios para maximização da eficiência técnica e socioeconômica da cadeia do tomate para processamento industrial no Brasil. Na década de 1990 observou-se um expressivo desempenho deste setor. Entretanto, no âmbito dos sistemas de produção, observam-se uma série de fatores limitantes à otimização da produção. Dentre esses, cultivares inadequadas à colheita mecanizada e suscetíveis às doenças e pragas que depreciam a qualidade industrial dos frutos, causando quebra na relação matéria prima/massa processada. Ocasionalmente, observam-se ocorrência de fungos na polpa concentrada, extratos e em outros derivados, que poderiam ser evitados com manejo cultural, como maior eficiência das técnicas de irrigação (sistema convencional com pivô central e irrigação por gotejamento, níveis de adubação, rotação de cultivo, preparo do solo e dos canteiros adequados ao transplante e à colheita mecanizados, controle de plantas daninhas e manejo ecológico de pragas e doenças.The purpose of this work is to provide information about technological problems that constitute challenges to the maximization of technical and the economic efficiency of the Brazilian chain of tomato processing. In the 90's the Brazilian chain of the processing tomato showed expressive performance. However, there are several factors involved in the tomato production systems that still impair the optimization of the processing tomato production. Among those factors we detected not well adapted tomato cvs. to mechanical harvest besides being susceptible to diseases and insects, depreciating the fruits quality for processing causing decline indexes in the relationship matter/ processed products. In addition, the presence of fungus was observed in the concentrated pulp, tomato extracts and in other tomato derived products. These problems could be solved through better cultural practices, including

Efeito da aplicação de película de fécula de mandioca na conservação pós-colheita de tomate

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Damasceno Simone

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade e a vida útil pós-colheita de frutos de Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill utilizando recobrimento com película de fécula de mandioca. Após a seleção os frutos foram mergulhados em suspensões a 2 e 3% de fécula de mandioca, secos ao ar e armazenados em condição ambiente, onde a temperatura e a umidade relativa do período variaram de 16 a 21ºC e 51 a 91%, respectivamente. O experimento foi constituído de dois lotes de frutos, sendo o primeiro o grupo não-destrutivo (avaliação de perda de massa. O segundo lote de frutos, constituiu o grupo destrutivo no qual analisou-se textura, pH e sólidos solúveis totais. Os frutos foram avaliados aos 0, 4, 8, 11, 14, 18 e 22 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições para o primeiro grupo e três repetições para o grupo destrutivo. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram submetidos à analise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos não influenciaram significativamente a perda de massa e a textura. Entretanto, os frutos recobertos com película a 3% apresentaram melhor aparência do que os frutos testemunha e com película a 2%. O efeito das películas portanto, não foi prejudicial, apenas estético.

Na-smectite s in the Cala de Tomate bentonite deposit (Spain): a natural analogue of the salinity effect on the bentonite barrier of a rad waste disposal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez del Villar, L.; Pelayo, M.; Fernandez, A.M.; Cozar, J.S. [CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT/DIRE/CEAGP), Madrid (Spain); Delgado, A.; Reyes, E. [Ciencias de la Tierra y Quimica Ambiental Estacion Experimental del Zaidin Dpt., Granada (Spain); Fernandez-Soler, J.M. [Granada Univ., Dpt. de Mineralogia y Petrologia (Spain); Tsige, M. [Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Dpt. de Geodinamica, Madrid (Spain)

2005-07-01

Within the framework of the ENRESA programme for the assessment of the long-term behaviour of the bentonite-engineered barrier for a deep radwaste geological repository, analogue studies on several bentonite deposits are conducted at CIEMAT. Among these analogue studies, the thermal effect induced by volcanic intrusions on bentonite deposits is highlighted. In the Cabo de Gata volcanic region, there are several analogue scenarios where these studies have been performed, such as the Cala de Tomate bentonite deposit that was intruded by a pyroxene andesite volcanic dome. However, geological, mineralogical, physicochemical, geochemical and stable isotopic data obtained from the smectites do not allow to establish any analogy with the thermal effect expected on the bentonite-engineered barrier of a deep geological repository after burial. Thus, the bentonitisation processes took place after the intrusion of the dome, as a result of meteoric diagenesis intensively developed on faulting zone affecting the parent pyroclastic acid tuffs. This faulting process occurred after the dome intrusion. However, the physicochemical characteristics of these smectites, specially the exchangeable cations, allow to consider this bentonite deposit as a natural analogue of the saline effect on the clayey barrier. This analogy has been established because Na-smectites are present in this deposit and, up to our present knowledge, it is the first time that these smectites occur naturally in the Cabo de Gata-La Serrata de Nijar volcanic region. As a consequence, the main objectives of this work are: i) to characterise these smectites; ii) to establish their genesis and processes affecting them after their formation and iii) to identify the effects on the bentonite-engineered barrier should it were affected by a Na-rich saline waterfront. (authors)

Phytohormones enabled endophytic fungal symbiosis improve aluminum phytoextraction in tolerant Solanum lycopersicum: An examples of Penicillium janthinellum LK5 and comparison with exogenous GA3.

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Abdul Latif; Waqas, Muhammad; Hussain, Javid; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Hamayun, Muhammad; Lee, In-Jung

2015-09-15

This work investigates the potentials of fungal-endophyte Penicillium janthinellum LK5 (PjLK5) and its inherent gibberellic acid (GA3) as reference to enhance aluminum (Al) induced toxicity in tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Initial screening showed significantly higher uptake of Al by PjLK5. Aluminum stress (100 μM) significantly retarted plant growth in control plants. Conversely PjLK5 and GA3 application significantly increased morphological attributes of Al-tolerant tomato plants with or without Al-stress. PjLK5 inoculation with and without Al-stress maintained the plant growth whilst extracting and translocating higher Al in shoot (∼ 1 92 mg/kg) and root (∼ 296 mg/kg). This was almost similar in GA3 treatments as well. In addition, PjLK5 inoculation extended protective effects to tomato plants by maintaining reduced cellular superoxide anions in Al stress. Al-induced oxidative stress was further reduced due to significantly higher activity of metal-responsive reduced glutathione. The functional membrane was less damaged in PjLK5 and GA3 treatments because the plants synthesized reduced levels of malondialdhyde, lenolenic and linoleic acids. Defense-related endogenous phytohormone salicylic acid was significantly up-regulated to counteract the adverse effects of Al-stress. In conclusion, the PjLK5 possess a similar bio-prospective potential as of GA3. Application of such biochemically active endophyte could increase metal phytoextraction whilst maintaining crop physiological homeostasis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estrés oxidativo y otras respuestas fisiológicas inducidas por el alpeorujo transformado por hongos saprobios en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

OpenAIRE

García Sánchez, Mercedes

2013-01-01

El cultivo del olivar y la obtención industrial de aceite de oliva tienen una extraordinaria importancia económica y social en España y, particularmente, en Andalucía. Actualmente, el sistema de extracción de aceite de oliva es la centrifugación de dos fases tras el que se obtiene una fase oleosa o aceite y un residuo semisólido denominado alpeorujo. Se ha observado, que el alpeorujo presenta un elevado contenido en materia orgánica, nutrientes minerales y un pH ligeramente ácido lo que plant...

Criterios de liberación de Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae para el control de Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae en tomate

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Aragón Sandra

2008-08-01

Full Text Available

Para la toma adecuada de decisiones en el manejo de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos, se han propuesto diferentes criterios que buscan reducir el impacto producido por el uso indiscriminado de insecticidas. Sin embargo, estos criterios de decisión son aplicables principalmente al control químico de plagas y no se conoce su uso en programas de control biológico. Por lo tanto, con este trabajo se propuso generar unos criterios de decisión para el control biológico de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos T. vaporariorum con el parasitoide Encarsia formosa, teniendo en cuenta su respuesta funcional y porcentaje de control. En un diseño completamente al azar se ubicaron 18 plantas de tomate de 8 semanas de edad infestadas con 500 ninfas de mosca blanca y 3 plantas como control absoluto. En cada planta se liberaron 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 y 50 adultos de E. formosa, con tres repeticiones por densidad. Se registró el número de ninfas melanizadas por efectos del parasitismo de E. formosa a los 12; 19 y 26 días después de la primera liberación y, al finalizar la cosecha, se realizó un conteo de las ninfas de mosca blanca totales. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que para obtener un control cercano a 80% se debe liberar un parasitoide por cada 17 ninfas de mosca blanca de tercer instar, evaluando el control después de 35 días. Se pueden realizar nuevas liberaciones de E. formosa dirigidas al control de las nuevas ninfas encontradas en los muestreos periódicos del cultivo.

Evaluation of the transfer and the accumulation of microcystins in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cultivar MicroTom) tissues using a cyanobacterial extract containing microcystins and the radiolabeled microcystin-LR ("1"4C-MC-LR)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corbel, Sylvain; Mougin, Christian; Nélieu, Sylvie; Delarue, Ghislaine; Bouaïcha, Noureddine

2016-01-01

Microcystins are the most common cyanotoxins and may be expected wherever blooms of cyanobacteria occur in surface waters. Their persistence both in the irrigation water and in the soil can lead to their transfer and bioaccumulation into agricultural plants. The aim of this work was to investigate microcystin accumulation in Solanum lycopersicum cultivar MicroTom. The plant was exposed to either Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts containing up to 100 μg eq. MC-LR L"−"1 in a soil–plant system for 90 days or pure radiolabeled "1"4C-MC-LR in a hydroponic condition for 48 h. Toxin bioaccumulation in the soil and different plant tissues was assessed both by the PP2A inhibition assay and by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). After 90 days of exposure, microcystins persisted in the soil and their free extractable concentrations accumulated were very low varying between 1.6 and 3.9 μg eq. MC-LR kg"−"1 DW. Free MC-LR was detected only in roots and leaves with concentrations varying between 4.5 and 8.1 μg kg"−"1 DW and between 0.29 and 0.55 μg kg"−"1 DW, respectively. By using radioactivity ("1"4C-MC-LR), the results have reported a growing accumulation of toxins within the organs roots > leaves > stems and allowed them to confirm the absence of MC-LR in fruits after 48 h of exposure. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was 13.6 in roots, 4.5 in leaves, and 1.4 in stems. On the other hand, the results highlight the presence of two radioactive fractions in different plant tissues. The non-extractable fraction of radioactivity, corresponding to the covalently bound MC-LR, was higher than that of the extractable fraction only in roots and leaves reaching 56% and 71% of the total accumulated toxin, respectively. Therefore, results raise that monitoring programs must monitor the presence of MCs in the irrigation water to avoid the transfer and accumulation of these toxins in crops. - Graphical abstract: Bioconcentration factors in organs of the

Evaluation of the transfer and the accumulation of microcystins in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cultivar MicroTom) tissues using a cyanobacterial extract containing microcystins and the radiolabeled microcystin-LR ({sup 14}C-MC-LR)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Corbel, Sylvain [INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France); AgroParisTech, UMR1402 ECOSYS, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France); Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, Univ. Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Mougin, Christian; Nélieu, Sylvie; Delarue, Ghislaine [INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France); AgroParisTech, UMR1402 ECOSYS, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France); Bouaïcha, Noureddine, E-mail: noureddine.bouaicha@u-psud.fr [Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, Univ. Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France)

2016-01-15

Microcystins are the most common cyanotoxins and may be expected wherever blooms of cyanobacteria occur in surface waters. Their persistence both in the irrigation water and in the soil can lead to their transfer and bioaccumulation into agricultural plants. The aim of this work was to investigate microcystin accumulation in Solanum lycopersicum cultivar MicroTom. The plant was exposed to either Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts containing up to 100 μg eq. MC-LR L{sup −1} in a soil–plant system for 90 days or pure radiolabeled {sup 14}C-MC-LR in a hydroponic condition for 48 h. Toxin bioaccumulation in the soil and different plant tissues was assessed both by the PP2A inhibition assay and by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). After 90 days of exposure, microcystins persisted in the soil and their free extractable concentrations accumulated were very low varying between 1.6 and 3.9 μg eq. MC-LR kg{sup −1} DW. Free MC-LR was detected only in roots and leaves with concentrations varying between 4.5 and 8.1 μg kg{sup −1} DW and between 0.29 and 0.55 μg kg{sup −1} DW, respectively. By using radioactivity ({sup 14}C-MC-LR), the results have reported a growing accumulation of toxins within the organs roots > leaves > stems and allowed them to confirm the absence of MC-LR in fruits after 48 h of exposure. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was 13.6 in roots, 4.5 in leaves, and 1.4 in stems. On the other hand, the results highlight the presence of two radioactive fractions in different plant tissues. The non-extractable fraction of radioactivity, corresponding to the covalently bound MC-LR, was higher than that of the extractable fraction only in roots and leaves reaching 56% and 71% of the total accumulated toxin, respectively. Therefore, results raise that monitoring programs must monitor the presence of MCs in the irrigation water to avoid the transfer and accumulation of these toxins in crops. - Graphical abstract: Bioconcentration

Eficiência de extratos vegetais e urina de vaca no controle de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae e Bemisia sp (Hemiptera: Aleurodidae em tomateiro orgânico

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Maria Socorro Rocha Melo Peixoto

2013-05-01

Full Text Available O cultivo do tomateiro (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill ocupa o segundo lugar entre as culturas oleráceas no Brasil (IBGE, 2008, GRAVENA, 1998. Com a expansão da cultura, devido suas qualidades organolépticas, fonte natural de vitaminas, sais minerais e outros metabólitos entre eles o licopeno, os problemas fitossanitários vêm-se agravando. Assim é que, desde a semeadura até a colheita, grande número de pragas e doenças ocorre na cultura do tomateiro. Considerando-se a carência de estudos voltados para utilização de plantas com ação inseticidas e urina de vaca, esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar suas eficiências no controle de N. elegantalis e Bemisia sp na cultura do tomate. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em área experimental da Escola Agrícola “Assis Chateaubriand” e no Núcleo de Manejo de Pragas pertencentes a Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Resultados: Constatou-se que a associação dos produtos químicos com dipel apresentou maior eficiência no controle para N. elegantalise Bemisia na fase pupal de 95 e 93%, respectivamente em relação aos demais produtos testados. Dentre os tratamentos alternativos a melhor eficiência para N. elegantalis foi obtida com extrato de faveleira (53,6% e extrato de óleo de neem (43,9%, já para a fase pulpal da Bemisia o extrato de óleo de neem apresentou 66,3% de eficiência, em aplicações a cada 4 dias.  Palavras - chave: pragas, extratos vegetais, tomateiro.

Effect of different rootstocks on growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence and mineral composition of two grafted scions of tomato

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Goto, R.; Miguel, de A.; Marsal, J.I.; Gorbe, E.; Calatayud, A.

2013-01-01

Two tomato scions (cvs. ‘Raf’ and ‘Gorety’) were grafted on three different rootstocks: S. torvum, ‘Beaufort’ (Lycopersicum esculentum × Lycopersicum hirsutum) and intermediate grafting of eggplant ‘Cristal’ between tomato and S. torvum (double graft). Plants were grown in Mediterranean greenhouse

Quantitative resistance to Botrytis cinerea from Solanum neorickii

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Finkers, H.J.; Bai, Y.; Berg, van den P.M.M.M.; Berloo, van R.; Meijer-Dekens, R.G.; Have, ten A.; Kan, van J.A.L.; Lindhout, P.; Heusden, van A.W.

2008-01-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Quantitative resistance to B. cinerea was previously identified in a wild relative, S. neorickii G1.1601. The 122 F3 families derived from a cross between the susceptible S. lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker and the partially

Comparison of color indexes for tomato ripening Comparação dos índices de cor para maturação do tomate

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Andrés F. López Camelo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Color in tomato is the most important external characteristic to assess ripeness and postharvest life, and is a major factor in the consumer's purchase decision. Degree of ripening is usually estimated by color charts. Colorimeters, on the other hand, express colors in numerical terms along the L*, a* and b* axes (from white to black, green to red and blue to yellow, respectively within the CIELAB color sphere which are usually mathematically combined to calculate the color indexes. Color indexes and their relationship to the visual color classification of tomato fruits vine ripened were compared. L*, a* and b* data (175 observations from eleven cultivars from visually classified fruits at harvest in six ripening stages according to the USDA were used to calculate hue, chroma, color index, color difference with pure red, a*/b* and (a*/b*². ANOVA analysis were performed and means compared by Duncan's MRT. Color changes throughout tomato ripening were the result of significant changes in the values of L*, a* and b*. Under the conditions of this study, hue, color index, color difference and a*/b* expressed essentially the same, and the color categories were significantly different in terms of human perception, with hue showing higher range of values. Chroma was not a good parameter to express tomato ripeness, but could be used as a good indicator of consumer acceptance when tomatoes are fully ripened. The (a*/b*² relationship had the same limitations as chroma. For vine ripened fruits, hue, color index, color difference and a*/b* could be used as objective ripening indexes. It would be interesting to find out what the best index would be if ripening took place under inadequate conditions of temperature and ilumination.A cor do tomate é a característica externa mais importante que permite determinar a maturação e estimar a vida pós-colheita, sendo por sua vez um fator importante na decisão de compra por parte do consumidor. O grau de matura

Oligonucleotide array discovery of polymorphisms in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. reveals patterns of SNP variation associated with breeding

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Zhu Tong

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. has narrow genetic diversity that makes it difficult to identify polymorphisms between elite germplasm. We explored array-based single feature polymorphism (SFP discovery as a high-throughput approach for marker development in cultivated tomato. Results Three varieties, FL7600 (fresh-market, OH9242 (processing, and PI114490 (cherry were used as a source of genomic DNA for hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays. Identification of SFPs was based on outlier detection using regression analysis of normalized hybridization data within a probe set for each gene. A subset of 189 putative SFPs was sequenced for validation. The rate of validation depended on the desired level of significance (α used to define the confidence interval (CI, and ranged from 76% for polymorphisms identified at α ≤ 10-6 to 60% for those identified at α ≤ 10-2. Validation percentage reached a plateau between α ≤ 10-4 and α ≤ 10-7, but failure to identify known SFPs (Type II error increased dramatically at α ≤ 10-6. Trough sequence validation, we identified 279 SNPs and 27 InDels in 111 loci. Sixty loci contained ≥ 2 SNPs per locus. We used a subset of validated SNPs for genetic diversity analysis of 92 tomato varieties and accessions. Pairwise estimation of θ (Fst suggested significant differentiation between collections of fresh-market, processing, vintage, Latin American (landrace, and S. pimpinellifolium accessions. The fresh-market and processing groups displayed high genetic diversity relative to vintage and landrace groups. Furthermore, the patterns of SNP variation indicated that domestication and early breeding practices have led to progressive genetic bottlenecks while modern breeding practices have reintroduced genetic variation into the crop from wild species. Finally, we examined the ratio of non-synonymous (Ka to synonymous substitutions (Ks for 20 loci with multiple SNPs (≥ 4 per

Cultivar e adubação NPK na produção de tomate salada Cultivar and NPK fertilization on yield of fresh market tomato

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Paulo Renato Z. Santos

2001-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito de cultivar, da adubação NPK e da interação desses fatores na produção de tomate salada tutorado. O experimento foi conduzido em Pelotas (RS no ano agrícola 1995/96. Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares (Flora-Dade, Max, Empire, Pacific e Diva e três níveis (2,0, 3,5 e 5,0 t/ha de adubação NPK (3,6-7,2-10. Os tratamentos foram dispostos sob esquema fatorial em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As cultivares Empire e Pacific apresentaram frutos com maior peso médio do que Flora-Dade, Max e Diva. O número de frutos por planta aumentou com a elevação do nível de adubação de 2,0 para 3,5 t/ha, enquanto que o peso médio de frutos diminuiu, sem alterar a produção. As cultivares apresentaram respostas diferenciais aos níveis de adubação, em relação ao peso médio de frutos.The objective of this work was to study the effect of cultivar, NPK fertilization and the interaction on yield components of fresh market tomatoes. The experiment was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil, in 1995/96 season. Five cultivars (Flora-Dade, Max, Empire, Pacific and Diva and three fertilization levels (2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 t/ha of NPK (3.6-7.2-10 were used. The treatments were displayed under a factorial scheme, in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions. Empire and Pacific cultivars showed higher average fruit weight than Flora-Dade, Max and Diva. The number of fruits per plant increased with the elevation of fertilization levels from 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha, while the average fruit weight diminished, without changing yield. The cultivars showed differential response to fertilization levels, in relation to average fruit weight.

Evaluación de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento vegetal en tomate (solanum lycopersicum) variedad Santa Clara, aislados de residuos lignocelulósicos de higerilla (Ricinus communis)

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Rodríguez, Christian Alonso

2013-01-01

Tesis (Especialista en Microbiología Industrial). Universidad Católica de Manizales, 2013. En las últimas décadas ha surgido una tendencia hacia la producción limpia, cuyo fin es reducir el uso de insumos químicos para la fertilización y control de fitopatógenos que producen pérdidas agronómicas no solo en cultivos anuales sino también en cultivos perennes. Estos agroquímicos están implicados en la alteración de la microbiota natural del suelo, de manera que la reducen considerablemente y ...

Resposta de fêmeas de Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae aos odores do hospedeiro e da planta-hospedeira em olfatômetro de quatro vias Response of female Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae to host and plant-host odors

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Kátia Maria Medeiros de Siqueira

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A crescente importância da mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci raça B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae como praga agrícola tem incentivado a busca de inimigos naturais que possam ser utilizados em programas de controle biológico. Estudou-se a atração de fêmeas de Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae aos odores emanados pelo seu hospedeiro - a mosca-branca B. tabaci raça B - em plantas de tomate, em olfatômetro de quatro vias. O parasitóide não apresentou atração aos odores da planta de tomate nem ao complexo planta de tomate-ninfas de B. tabaci.The increasing importance of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci race B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae as one of the major agricultural pest of this century, has resulted in a search for natural enemies that can be used in biological control programs. The response of naive females of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidaeto volatiles from its hostspecies: insect (B. tabacci race B and plant (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill. were tested using 4-nose olfactometre. Parasitoid was not attracted by neither or insect hostspecies volatile.

Desenvolvimento e atividade do fitocosmético contendo licopeno para o combate à aceleração do envelhecimento cutâneo

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Cefali, Letícia Caramori [UNESP

2009-01-01

O licopeno é um carotenóide com poderosa ação antioxidante, encontrado em maior quantidade no tomate, utilizado no combate a inúmeras doenças como vários tipos de câncer, dentre eles o de próstata, e doenças cardiovasculares. Sua ação tópica é pouco explorada e, por isso, a proposta de ser utilizado no combate à aceleração do envelhecimento cutâneo, incorporado em uma emulsão. Um estudo preliminar foi realizado para a escolha do tipo de tomate que apresenta maior concentração de licopeno e/ou...

Effect of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles on the growth and development of Lycopersicon lycopersicum (tomato plants).

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López-Moreno, Martha L; Avilés, Leany Lugo; Pérez, Nitza Guzmán; Irizarry, Bianca Álamo; Perales, Oscar; Cedeno-Mattei, Yarilyn; Román, Félix

2016-04-15

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthetized and studied to be incorporated in many industrial and medical applications in recent decades. Due to their different physical and chemical properties compared with bulk materials, researchers are focused to understand their interactions with the surroundings. Living organisms such as plants are exposed to these materials and they are able to tolerate different concentrations and types of NPs. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) NPs are being studied for their application in medical sciences because of their high coercivity, anisotropy, and large magnetostriction. These properties are desirable in magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, and cell labeling. This study is aimed to explore the tolerance of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) plants to CoFe2O4 NPs. Tomato plants were grown in hydroponic media amended with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in a range from 0 to 1000mgL(-1). Exposure to CoFe2O4 NPs did not affect germination and growth of plants. Uptake of Fe and Co inside plant tissues increased as CoFe2O4 nanoparticle concentration was increased in the media. Mg uptake in plant leaves reached its maximum level of 4.9mgg(-1) DW (dry weight) at 125mgL(-1) of CoFe2O4 NPs exposure and decreased at high CoFe2O4 NPs concentrations. Similar pattern was observed for Ca uptake in leaves where the maximum concentration found was 10mgg(-1) DW at 125mgL(-1) of CoFe2O4 NPs exposure. Mn uptake in plant leaves was higher at 62.5mgL(-1) of CoFe2O4 NPs compared with 125 and 250mgL(-1) treatments. Catalase activity in tomato roots and leaves decreased in plants exposed to CoFe2O4 NPs. Tomato plants were able to tolerate CoFe2O4 NPs concentrations up to 1000mgL(-1) without visible toxicity symptoms. Macronutrient uptake in plants was affected when plants were exposed to 250, 500 and 1000mgL(-1) of CoFe2O4 NPs. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The influence of salinity and drought stress on sodium,potassium and proline content of solanum lycopersicum l. cv. rio grande

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, S.; Rab, A.

2017-01-01

The influence of salinity and drought stress on sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and proline content of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) cv. Rio Grande was investigated by exposing the plants to five salinity levels i.e., 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl and four drought regimes i.e. 0 (Control), 2, 4 and 6 days, applied from seedling (4-5 true leaves) to the harvesting stage. The means across salinity levels showed an increase in proline content and Na+ concentration but a reduced K+ concentrations, resulting in high Na+/K+ ratios in shoot and root tissue. In contrast, drought stress decreased the Na+ and K+ content, Na+/K+ ratio but increased the proline content in both the root and shoot tissue. The interaction of salinity and drought significantly affected the sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) contents, Na+/K+ and proline content of the shoot but K+ content and proline accumulation were not significant. The root and shoot tissue of control plants (0 mMNaCl + 0 Days drought stress) had the minimum Na+ content (2316 and 3490 mu M/g D.wt.), Na+/ K+ ratio (0.399 and 0.364) and proline content (0.72 and 1.91 mu M/g F.wt.) but the highest K+ content (6399 and 9603 mu M/g D.wt.). Whereas, the Na+ content increased with salinity, the K+ content declined. It resulted in the maximum Na+/K+ ratio of the root (1.26) and shoot (0.76) with 200 mMNaCl + 0 Days drought stress. The drought stress also increased the Na+/K+ ratio. Thus, the highest Na+/K+ ratio of root (0.78) and shoot (0.77) was recorded in plants grown under 200 mMNaCl+ 6 Days drought stress. The proline content of the root and shoot were 0.462 and 1.904 mu M/g F.wt. respectively in control plants which increased with increasing salinity and drought stress duration. Thus, the maximum proline content of root (10.61 mu M/g F.wt.) and shoot (28.05 mu M/g F.wt.) was recorded in plants exposed to 200 mMNaCl + 6 days drought stress combination. (author)

Identification of tomato introgression lines with enhanced susceptibility or resistance to infection by parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa).

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Krause, Kirsten; Johnsen, Hanne R; Pielach, Anna; Lund, Leidulf; Fischer, Karsten; Rose, Jocelyn K C

2018-02-01

The parasitic flowering plant genus Cuscuta (dodder) is a parasitic weed that infects many important crops. Once it winds around the shoots of potential host plants and initiates the development of penetration organs, called haustoria, only a few plant species have been shown to deploy effective defense mechanisms to ward off Cuscuta parasitization. However, a notable exception is Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), which exhibits a local hypersensitive reaction when attacked by giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa). Interestingly, the closely related wild desert tomato, Solanum pennellii, is unable to stop the penetration of its tissue by the C. reflexa haustoria. In this study, we observed that grafting a S. pennellii scion onto the rootstock of the resistant S. lycopersicum did not change the susceptibility phenotype of S. pennellii. This suggests that hormones, or other mobile substances, produced by S. lycopersicum do not induce a defense reaction in the susceptible tissue. Screening of a population of introgression lines harboring chromosome fragments from S. pennellii in the genome of the recurrent parent S. lycopersicum, revealed that most lines exhibit the same defense reaction as shown by the S. lycopersicum parental line. However, several lines showed different responses and exhibited either susceptibility, or cell death that extended considerably beyond the infection site. These lines will be valuable for the future identification of key loci involved in the perception of, and resistance to, C. reflexa and for developing strategies to enhance resistance to infection in crop species. © 2017 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

SlMAPK3 enhances tolerance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by regulating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

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Li, Yunzhou; Qin, Lei; Zhao, Jingjing; Muhammad, Tayeb; Cao, Hehe; Li, Hailiang; Zhang, Yan; Liang, Yan

2017-01-01

Several recent studies have reported on the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3) in plant immune responses. However, little is known about how MAPK3 functions in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) infected with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). There is also uncertainty about the connection between plant MAPK3 and the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) defense-signaling pathways. The results of this study indicated that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response against TYLCV. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TYLCV to investigate the possible roles of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 against this virus. Inoculation with TYLCV strongly induced the expression and the activity of all three genes. Silencing of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 reduced tolerance to TYLCV, increased leaf H2O2 concentrations, and attenuated expression of defense-related genes after TYLCV infection, especially in SlMAPK3-silenced plants. Exogenous SA and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) both significantly induced SlMAPK3 expression in tomato leaves. Over-expression of SlMAPK3 increased the transcript levels of SA/JA-mediated defense-related genes (PR1, PR1b/SlLapA, SlPI-I, and SlPI-II) and enhanced tolerance to TYLCV. After TYLCV inoculation, the leaves of SlMAPK3 over-expressed plants compared with wild type plants showed less H2O2 accumulation and greater superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Overall, the results suggested that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response of tomato to TYLCV, and that this process may be through either the SA or JA defense-signaling pathways.

SlMAPK3 enhances tolerance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV by regulating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.

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Yunzhou Li

Full Text Available Several recent studies have reported on the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3 in plant immune responses. However, little is known about how MAPK3 functions in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. infected with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV. There is also uncertainty about the connection between plant MAPK3 and the salicylic acid (SA and jasmonic acid (JA defense-signaling pathways. The results of this study indicated that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response against TYLCV. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TYLCV to investigate the possible roles of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 against this virus. Inoculation with TYLCV strongly induced the expression and the activity of all three genes. Silencing of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 reduced tolerance to TYLCV, increased leaf H2O2 concentrations, and attenuated expression of defense-related genes after TYLCV infection, especially in SlMAPK3-silenced plants. Exogenous SA and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA both significantly induced SlMAPK3 expression in tomato leaves. Over-expression of SlMAPK3 increased the transcript levels of SA/JA-mediated defense-related genes (PR1, PR1b/SlLapA, SlPI-I, and SlPI-II and enhanced tolerance to TYLCV. After TYLCV inoculation, the leaves of SlMAPK3 over-expressed plants compared with wild type plants showed less H2O2 accumulation and greater superoxide dismutase (SOD, peroxidase (POD, catalase (CAT, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity. Overall, the results suggested that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response of tomato to TYLCV, and that this process may be through either the SA or JA defense-signaling pathways.

Agronomic efficiency of intercropping tomato and lettuce

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Arthur B. Cecílio Filho

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Four experiments were carried out at the São Paulo State University, Brazil, with the aim of determining the agronomic viability of intercropping tomato and lettuce, under greenhouse conditions. The studied intercropping systems were established by transplanting lettuce at 0, 10, 20 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT tomato and by transplanting tomato at 0, 10, 20 and 30 DAT lettuce. Intercropped tomato and lettuce were evaluated during two seasons and compared to their sole cropping. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with nine treatments. The productivity and the classification of the tomato fruits were not influenced by having lettuce intercropped with it, but lettuce production was lowered when tomato was intercropped with it. The longer the delay in lettuce transplanting, the greater the reduction in its productivity. There was an effect of cropping season on the extent of the agronomic advantage of intercropping over sole cropping. In the first cropping season, intercropping established by transplanting lettuce during the interval between 30 days before up to 20 DAT tomato yielded land use efficiency (LUE indices of 1.63 to 2.22. In the second period, intercropping established with the transplanting of lettuce up to 30 days before tomato yielded LUE indices of 1.57 to 2.05.Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos na Unesp, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a viabilidade agronômica de cultivos consorciados de alface e tomate em ambiente protegido. Consórcios estabelecidos por transplantes da alface aos 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT do tomate e de tomate aos 0, 10, 20 e 30 DAT da alface, foram avaliados em duas épocas e comparados às suas monoculturas. Cada experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos. Verificou-se que a produtividade do tomate e a classificação dos frutos não foram influenciadas pela alface, mas a produção da alface foi menor em cons

Efeitos do estádio de desenvolvimento da antera e da radiação gama na formação de calos derivados de anteras de tomate Anther development stage and gamma radiation effects on tomato anther-derived callus formation

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Ana Christina R. Brasileiro

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido visando: (I determinar a influência do estádio de desenvolvimento de anteras de tomate sobre a formação de calos e (II analisar o efeito da radiação gama no cultivo in vitro de anteras. No primeiro experimento, anteras de híbridos de tomate IPA 5 x Rotam 4 (F1 foram cultivadas em três meios nutritivos. Apesar da formação de calos ter sido induzida em todos os estádios de desenvolvimento, variando de prófase I à micrósporo mononucleado, a freqüência de calos produzidos decresceu com o avanço do estádio de desenvolvimento e se apresentou de forma semelhante nos meios testados. Anteras contendo meiócitos em estádio de prófase I mostraram maior freqüência de formação de calos. Tanto o comprimento da antera quanto o do botão floral apresentaram correlação significativa com o estádio de desenvolvimento. No segundo experimento, sementes e botões florais dos híbridos IPA 5 x Rotam 4 (F2, IPA 6 x Rotam 4 (F2 e IPA 8 x 217.1 (F2 foram submetidos à radiação gama e suas anteras foram cultivadas em dois meios descritos por Gresshoff & Doy (1972, contendo 2,0 mg L-1 de ANA + 5,0 mg L-1 de cinetina e 2,0 mg L-1 de ANA + 1,0 mg L-1 de cinetina. Não foram constatadas diferenças significativas, no que se refere à formação de calos, para os genótipos e doses estudadas - 200 Gy, para sementes e 20 Gy, para botões florais.Two experiments were carried (I to determine tomato anther development stage influence on callus production; and (II to investigate gamma radiation effects on anther culture. In the first experiment, anthers of a tomato hybrid (IPA 5 x Rotam 4 - F1 were grown on three media. Although calli were induced at all stages of anther development, varying from prophase I to mononucleate microspore, callus frequency decreased as anther development progressed and calli induction were not significantly affected by all media tested. Anthers containing prophase I meiocytes produced the highest

The Epl1 and Sm1 proteins from Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma virens differentially modulate systemic disease resistance against different life style pathogens in Solanum lycopersicum

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Miguel Angel eSalas-Marina

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma, commonly found in soil or colonizing plant roots, exert beneficial effects on plants, including the promotion of growth and the induction of resistance to disease. T. virens and T. atroviride secrete the proteins Sm1 and Epl1, respectively, which elicit local and systemic disease resistance in plants. In this work, we show that these fungi promote growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum plants. T. virens was more effective than T. atroviride in promoting biomass gain, and both fungi were capable of inducing systemic protection in tomato against Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst DC3000. Deletion (KO of epl1 in T. atroviride resulted in diminished systemic protection against A. solani and B. cinerea, whereas the T. virens sm1 KO strain was less effective in protecting tomato against Pst DC3000 and B. cinerea. Importantly, over-expression (OE of epl1 and sm1 led to an increase in disease resistance against all tested pathogens. Although the Trichoderma WT strains induced both systemic acquired resistance (SAR- and induced systemic resistance (ISR-related genes in tomato, inoculation of plants with OE and KO strains revealed that Epl1 and Sm1 play a minor role in the induction of these genes. However, we found that Epl1 and Sm1 induce the expression of a peroxidase and an α-dioxygenase encoding genes, respectively, which could be important for tomato protection by Trichoderma spp. Altogether, these observations indicate that colonization by beneficial and/or infection by pathogenic microorganisms dictates many of the outcomes in plants, which are more complex than previously thought.

Adubação verde em tomateiro cultivado em sistema de agricultura orgânica / Green fertilization in tomato plant tilled in organic agriculture system

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Cristiano André Pot

2008-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de tomate-cereja em sistema de agricultura orgânica cultivado sob diferentes doses e épocas de aplicação da fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira, ervilhaca comum e crotalaria spectabilis. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Guarapuava, PR, no período de outubro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006 em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram: ØFT – sem adição de resíduos de adubos verdes; 3EF – 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira (Pisum sativum var. arvense; 6EF – 6,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira; 9EF – 9,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira; 3EF+3EC – 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira + 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilhaca (Vicia sativa; 3EF+3EC+3CS – 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira + 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilhaca + 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis. Houve resposta crescente linear nos tratamentos ØFT, 3EF, 6EF, 9EF para as variáveis produtividade de tomate, número de tomates por planta e massa média do fruto de tomate-cereja. Os resultados evidenciaram que a adição de fi tomassa de leguminosas foi efi ciente para aumentar a produtividade de tomateiro-cereja em sistema de agricultura orgânica. A aplicação de fi tomassa em uma única aplicação foi mais eficiente do que o parcelamento da fi tomassa ao longo do ciclo da cultura.

INFLUENCIA DE COBERTURAS EN SUELO SOBRE LA SELECCIÓN DEL HOSPEDANTE POR Bemisia tabaci, EN CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO

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Luko Hilje

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Aunque varios tipos de coberturas en suelo (inertes o vivas pueden reducir la afluencia de adultos de B. tabaci en plantas de tomate, se desconoce el mecanismo específico de acción de cada una de ellas. Por tanto, se realizó un experimento en un invernadero en Turrialba, Costa Rica, para determinar su respuesta tanto a coberturas inertes (metal verde y plástico plateado y amarillo como vivas: maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi, Fabaceae, cinquillo (Drymaria cordata, Caryophyllaceae y culantro (Coriandrum sativum, Umbelliferae. Se les comparó con un testigo (suelo desnudo. Hubo 4 repeticiones de cada tratamiento. Cada cobertura se sembró en una maceta grande, rodeado de una plántula de tomate de 15 cm de altura. Las macetas se colocaron sobre el piso del invernadero, espaciadas 40 cm entre sí. Cada experimento se repitió en 4 días consecutivos, para lo cual los tratamientos se aleatorizaron todos los días. Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas, con las coberturas como la parcela principal y las fechas como las subparcelas. La víspera de cada repetición se liberaron 1200 adultos de B. tabaci (biotipo A en el área experimental y al día siguiente se registraron sus datos tanto en la planta de tomate como en cada cobertura. Los números de adultos fueron mucho mayores (p0,05. Aunque todas interfieren con la habilidad de los adultos para localizar las plantas de tomate, el mecanismo específico de acción difirió según la naturaleza de cada una, excepto en las coberturas vivas, que parecen compartir el mismo mecanismo.

Effect of plant diversification on abundance of South American tomato pinworm and predators in two cropping systems Efeito da diversificação de plantas na abundância da traça-do-tomateiro e predadores em dois sistemas de cultivo

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Maria A Medeiros

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Several studies have demonstrated that the diversification of the agroecosystem may reduce insect pest infestation using the strategy of companion planting. We studied the effect of the presence of coriander and Gallant soldier as companion plants in the tomato crop under organic and conventional management on abundance of the tomato pests and predators. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, at Distrito Federal, Brazil, from July to October, 2004. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with three replicates in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement [Three crop diversification levels: tomato in monoculture, tomato intercropped with coriander, and tomato intercropped with coriander and Gallant soldier; and two cropping systems: organic and conventional]. Each plot had 80 plants of the tomato and the pest-insects and predaceous arthropods were collected every week in five tomato plants/plot. Tuta absoluta (Meyr. was the commonest pest species in both cropping systems. The tomato intercropped with coriander and Gallant soldier in organic cropping system had lower abundance and higher diversity of pests, and higher abundance and diversity of predaceous arthropods, mainly at 80 days after the tomato transplanting, coinciding with the population peak of T. absoluta (eggs and adults. The more abundant predators were spiders, lady beetles and ants. The spiders were abundant and uniformly distributed in both systems. The lady beetles appeared lately in the organic system, at the flowering season of the coriander. The ants were more abundant in the conventional systems.Vários estudos têm demonstrado que a diversificação do agroecossistema pode reduzir a infestação por insetos-praga pelo uso da estratégia do estabelecimento de plantas companheiras. Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito da presença do coentro e botão-de-ouro como plantas companheiras na cultura do tomate sob manejo orgânico e convencional, na abundância das pragas

Producción in vitro de pectinasas por Colletotrichum acutatum

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Carlos Patiño Torres

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Los hongos del género Colletotrichum son reconocidos productores de sustancias fifitotóxicas de bajo peso molecular y de enzimas que juegan papeles clave en su interacción patogénica con varios cultivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la naturaleza de las sustancias fitotóxicas producidas por C. acutatum en los medios de cultivo líquido Czapeck-Dox, Fries y MS, que estuviesen implicados en su interacción patogénica con el tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceae. Los procedimientos y resultados de la evaluación permitieron descartar que la actividad fitotóxica observada sobre los frutos de tomate inoculados con los extractos de los medios de cultivo se debiera a metabolitos de bajo peso molecular. Por el contrario, utilizando la prueba de placa de pozos (Dingle et al., 1953 se estableció que C. acutatum produce en los medios de cultivo evaluados enzimas con actividad pectinasa, tanto liasas como hidrolasas, las cuales podrían estar implicadas en la enfermedad de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol. Los resultados demostraron además que la producción de las enzimas se ve influenciada por el pH del medio de cultivo.

Producción in vitro de pectinasas por Colletotrichum acutatum

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Patiño Torres Carlos

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Los hongos del género Colletotrichum son reconocidos productores de sustancias fifitotóxicas de bajo peso molecular y de enzimas que juegan papeles clave en su interacción patogénica con varios cultivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la naturaleza de las sustancias fitotóxicas producidas por C. acutatum en los medios de cultivo líquido Czapeck-Dox, Fries y MS, que estuviesen implicados en su interacción patogénica con el tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceae. Los procedimientos y resultados de la evaluación permitieron descartar que la actividad fitotóxica observada sobre los frutos de tomate inoculados con los extractos de los medios de cultivo se debiera a metabolitos de bajo peso molecular. Por el contrario, utilizando la prueba de placa de pozos (Dingle et al., 1953 se estableció que C. acutatum produce en los medios de cultivo evaluados enzimas con actividad pectinasa, tanto liasas como hidrolasas, las cuales podrían estar implicadas en la enfermedad de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol. Los resultados demostraron además que la producción de las enzimas se ve influenciada por el pH del medio de cultivo.

Composição em ácidos graxos de líquidos de cobertura de sardinhas brasileiras (Sardinella brasiliensis em conserva - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v26i1.1535

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César Ricardo Tarley

2004-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição em ácidos graxos nos líquidos de cobertura com óleo de soja ou molho de tomate de diferentes marcas de sardinhas comercializadas no Brasil. Os teores percentuais dos ácidos graxos EPA e DHA em óleo de soja como líquido de cobertura variaram de 0,95 a 3,96% e 0,63 a 1,09%, respectivamente. Para a cobertura molho de tomate os resultados indicaram que as migrações dos ácidos graxos EPA e DHA foram superiores em relação à cobertura em óleo de soja. Os percentuais encontrados para os ácidos graxos EPA e DHA na cobertura molho de tomate variaram de 2,95 a 13,29% e 1,25 a 4,67%, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que há diferenças em relação à qualidade das sardinhas utilizadas bem como no processamento. Embora exista diferença entre as duas formulações, com relação à composição de ácidos graxos, ambas podem ser consideradas boas fontes de ácidos graxos, principalmente os ácidos ômega-3

Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultivo do tomate caqui cultivado em ambiente protegido Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of Kaki tomato cultivated in greenhouse

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Ligia S. Reis

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Os parâmetros aerodinâmicos de uma cultura cultivada em ambiente protegido podem ser considerados dependentes do nível de radiação global, temperatura do ar e umidade do ar, com base em leis exponenciais. Assim sendo se propôs com este trabalho, estimar a evapotranspiração e o coeficiente de cultivo da cultura do tomate caqui em ambiente protegido, sob irrigação por gotejamento, utilizando-se o modelo de Penman-Monteith. Os parâmetros aerodinâmicos foram medidos com sensores conectados à estação automática instalada dentro do ambiente protegido. A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc foi determinada experimentalmente por meio de lisímetros de drenagem e a umidade do solo foi medida através de sensores instalados a uma profundidade de 20 cm. O desempenho do modelo de Penman-Monteith foi comparado aos valores decendiais do balanço hídrico nos lisímetros; já a evapotranspiração de referência foi calculada com dados externos e utilizada para o cálculo do Kc da cultura; enfim, os resultados indicaram que o modelo de Penman-Monteith subestima os valores de evapotranspiração encontrados pelo balanço hídrico nos lisímetros.The aerodynamic parameters of a crop cultivated in greenhouse can be considered dependent upon the level of global radiation, air temperature and relative humidity, based on exponential laws. Consequently, this work intends to estimate the evapotranspiration and the crop coefficient of Kaki tomato in greenhouse, under drip irrigation, using the Penman-Monteith model. The aerodynamic parameters were measured with sensors connected to the automatic station installed inside the greenhouse. The ETc was determined experimentally through drainage lysimeters and the soil water content was measured through sensors installed at a depth of 20 cm. The performance of the Penman-Monteith model was compared to decennial values of the water balance in the lysimeters, while the reference evapotranspiration was calculated

Effect of biologically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles on metabolism and antioxidant activity to the crop plants Solanum lycopersicum and Brassica oleracea var. botrytis.

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Singh, Ajey; Singh, N B; Hussain, Imtiyaz; Singh, Himani

2017-11-20

Study on the ecological effect of metal oxide nanomaterials (NMs) has quickly amplified over the precedent years because it is assumed that these NMs will sooner or later be released into the environment. The present study deals with biologically oriented process for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by using Morus alba leaf extract as reducing agent. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis revealed the monoclinic phase and 20-40nm size respectively. The presence of reducing and capping agents revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis and Solanum lycopersicum were exposed to 10, 50, 100, and 500mgL -1 concentrations of CuO NPs in the sand medium. Bioaccumulation of Cu was also investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Plant exposure to 100 and 500mgL -1 of CuO NPs has resulted in significant reduction of total chlorophyll and sugar content in the two test plants while 10mgL -1 of NPs slightly increased the pigment and sugar content in tomato plants only. Augmentation of lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed in a dose dependent manner upon plants exposure to CuO NPs. Deposition of lignin in roots of both plants treated with the highest concentration of CuO NPs was observed. Histochemical analysis of leaves of treated plant with nitroblue tetrazolium and 3 ' 3 ' diaminobenzidine showed a concentration dependent increase in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation in leaves. The green synthesis of CuO NPs was carried out by using Morus alba leaf extract. Accumulation of NPs more actively by tomato plants as compared to cauliflower was possibly due to the difference in root morphology. The histochemical visualization highlights the spatial organization of oxidant biochemistry occurring in response to metal stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Basic, Applied and Innovative Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2014-12-31

Dec 31, 2014 ... Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections, Asymptomatic UTI, Personal hygiene, Transport .... transport workers and those on antibiotic treatment were excluded. ..... Asymp-tomatic Significant Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in.

Metabolic and molecular changes of the phenylpropanoid pathway in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum lines carrying different Solanum pennellii wild chromosomal regions

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Maria Manuela Rigano

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Solanum lycopersicum represents an important dietary source of bioactive compounds including the antioxidants flavonoids and phenolic acids. We previously identified two genotypes (IL7-3 and IL12-4 carrying loci from the wild species Solanum pennellii, which increased antioxidants in the fruit. Successively, these lines were crossed and two genotypes carrying both introgressions at the homozygous condition (DHO88 and DHO88-SL were selected. The amount of total antioxidant compounds was increased in DHOs compared to both ILs and the control genotype M82. In order to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the positive interaction between the two wild regions pyramided in DHO genotypes, detailed analyses of the metabolites accumulated in the fruit were carried out by colorimetric methods and LC/MS/MS. These analyses evidenced a lower content of flavonoids in DHOs and in ILs, compared to M82. By contrast, in the DHOs the relative content of phenolic acids increased, particularly the fraction of hexoses, thus evidencing a redirection of the phenylpropanoid flux towards the biosynthesis of phenolic acid glycosides in these genotypes. In addition, the line DHO88 exhibited a lower content of free phenolic acids compared to M82. Interestingly, the two DHOs analyzed differ in the size of the wild region on chromosome 12. Genes mapping in the introgression regions were further investigated. Several genes of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway were identified, such as one 4-coumarate:CoA ligase and two UDP-glycosyltransferases in the region 12-4 and one chalcone isomerase and one UDP-glycosyltransferase in the region 7-3. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated a different expression of the detected genes in the ILs and in the DHOs compared to M82.These analyses, combined with biochemical analyses, suggested a central role of the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase in redirecting the phenylpropanoid pathways towards the biosynthesis of phenolic acids in the

Eficácia do indoxacarb para o controle de pragas em hortaliças Efficacy of indoxacarb in the control of vegetable pests

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Samuel Martinelli

2003-09-01

Full Text Available A eficiência do indoxacarb foi avaliada no controle dos lepidópteros-pragas em hortaliças: Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponeumatidae, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae e Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em três locais diferentes nas culturas do repolho e tomate. Os inseticidas utilizados foram indoxacarb (no tomate de 2,4 a 6,0 g i.a./100 L e no repolho de 18 a 42 g i.a./ha, esfenvalerate (apenas no tomate de 1,75 g i.a./100 L, metomil (no tomate na dose de 21,5 g i.a./100 L e no repolho a 172 g i.a./ha, deltametrina (apenas no repolho na dose de 6 g i.a./ha e triflumuron (apenas no tomate na dose de 15 g i.a./100 L. Adotou-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em todos os experimentos. Todas as doses avaliadas do produto indoxacarb apresentaram excelente desempenho no controle de P. xylostella e T. ni. Assim, a menor dose avaliada (18 g i.a./ha pode ser recomendada para o controle dessas pragas. Todos os produtos avaliados alcançaram níveis de eficiência maiores que 80% no controle de H. zea na cultura do tomate. Indoxacarb foi tão eficiente quanto o produto padrão adotado (triflumuron. N. elegantalis foi eficientemente controlada pelos inseticidas avaliados após nove aplicações, sendo que indoxacarb pode ser recomendado na menor dose utilizada (2,4 g i.a./100 L.The efficacy of indoxacarb was evaluated for controlling lepidopterous pests on vegetables: Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponeumatidae, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. The experiments were carried out at three different sites on cabbage and tomato crops. The utilized insecticides were indoxacarb (for tomato from 2.4 to 6.0 g a.i./100 L and for cabbage from 18 to 42 g i.a./ha, esfenvalerate (only for tomato at 1.75 g a.i./100 L

Contaminação da microbacia de Caetés com metais pesados pelo uso de agroquímicos Heavy metals contamination of a watershed in Caetés by the use of agrochemicals

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JAIR FELIPE GARCIA PEREIRA RAMALHO

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a contaminação do solo, sedimentos, água e plantas por metais pesados, decorrente do uso de agroquímicos, na microbacia de Caetés em Paty do Alferes, RJ, amostras de solo foram analisadas, em 1996, para obter os teores totais de Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn de duas áreas com diferentes declividades (25% e 45% tendo, ambas, como cobertura vegetal, capoeira, pasto e olericultura. Os resultados referentes aos solos sob pastagem (antiga área de olericultura mostraram maiores teores de metais pesados do que a área de capoeira. Entretanto, esses valores não atingiram níveis críticos no solo, e esses elementos estavam presentes em formas químicas pouco disponíveis para absorção pelas plantas, como foi constatado na análise de metais pesados em tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum L., pimentão (Capsicum annuum L., repolho (Brassica oleracea L. e pepino (Cucumis sativus L., que apresentaram níveis baixíssimos desses elementos. Nas amostras de sedimentos, o comportamento dos metais pesados foi semelhante ao obtido nos solos, estando esses elementos distribuídos em maior porcentagem nas frações residual, ligadas a óxidos de Mn e Fe e ligadas à matéria orgânica. As amostras de água do córrego e do açude que cortam a microbacia apresentaram valores acima dos padrões internacionais com relação a Cd, Pb e Mn.To evaluate heavy metals contamination of soil, sediments, water and plants of the Caetés watershed, in Paty do Alferes, RJ, Brazil, by the use of agrochemicals, samples from two areas with different declivities (25% and 45% were analysed, in 1996, for total contents of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The results for the soils under pasture (lately horticulture showed higher heavy metals contents in comparison to the brushwood area. However, these contents didn't reach the critical levels for soils, and these elements were present in chemical forms of low disponibility for plant absorption, as it was seen

Soil organisms in organic and conventional cropping systems Organismos do solo em sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional

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Wagner Bettiol

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Despite the recent interest in organic agriculture, little research has been carried out in this area. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare, in a dystrophic Ultisol, the effects of organic and conventional agricultures on soil organism populations, for the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum and corn (Zea mays crops. In general, it was found that fungus, bacterium and actinomycet populations counted by the number of colonies in the media, were similar for the two cropping systems. CO2 evolution during the cropping season was higher, up to the double for the organic agriculture system as compared to the conventional. The number of earthworms was about ten times higher in the organic system. There was no difference in the decomposition rate of organic matter of the two systems. In general, the number of microartropods was always higher in the organic plots in relation to the conventional ones, reflectining on the Shannon index diversity. The higher insect population belonged to the Collembola order, and in the case of mites, to the superfamily Oribatuloidea. Individuals of the groups Aranae, Chilopoda, Dyplopoda, Pauropoda, Protura and Symphyla were occasionally collected in similar number in both cropping systems.Apesar do crescente interesse pela agricultura orgânica, são poucas as informações de pesquisa disponíveis sobre o assunto. Assim, num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico foram comparados os efeitos de sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional, para as culturas do tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum e do milho (Zea mays, sobre a comunidade de organismos do solo e suas atividades. As populações de fungos, bactérias e actinomicetos, determinadas pela contagem de colônias em meio de cultura, foram semelhantes para os dois sistemas de produção. A atividade microbiana, avaliada pela evolução de CO2, manteve-se superior no sistema orgânico, sendo que em determinadas avaliações foi o dobro da evolução verificada no

POLPA ÚMIDA DE TOMATE: EFEITOS SOBRE O DESEMPENHO DE BOVINOS CONFINADOS WET TOMATO POMACE: EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CALVES

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Hélio Louredo da Silva

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de níveis crescentes de polpa úmida de tomate (PUT, em substituição ao feno de braquiaria decumbens (Brachiaria decumbens Staf, sobre o desempenho de bovinos confinados. Foram utilizados vinte bovinos mestiços E x Z com 12 meses de idade e peso inicial de 161 kg, alojados em grupos de cinco em baias de 60 m2. Os quatro tratamentos empregados foram: A Feno de braquiaria decumbens (FHRAQ 100% da matéria seca proveniente da forragem (MSF; B FBRAQ 73% + PUT 27% da MSF; C FBRAQ 46% + 54% PUT da MSF; D FBRAQ 19% + 81% PUT da MSF. Quatro concentrados compostos por farelo de soja, grão de milho triturado e minerais foram usados para manter as rações isocalóricas e isoprotéicas. O ganho de peso médio diário (GMD foi avaliado em intervalos de 28 dias. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o GMD (kg/dia: A 0,88; B 1,07; C 1,04 e D 1,21. Dessa forma, foi possível substituir até 80% da MS do FBRAQ com PUT sem efeitos negativos sobre o GMD.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Feno; subprodutos; ruminantes; nutrição.

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of increasing levels of tomato pomace (TP, substituting hay, on performance of feedlot calves. Twenty crossbred calves with 161 kg of initial body weight allocated in pens in groups of five were used. The four treatments empregated were: A Brachiaria decumbens hay (BRAD 100% of rougaghe dry matter (DM; B BRAD 73% + TP 27%; C BRAD 46% + TP 54% and D BRAD 19% + TP 81%. Four concentrates, composed

Rendimento de cultivares de tomate para processamento em Goias Yield of processing tomato cultivars in Goiás State, Brazil

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Nei Peixoto

1999-03-01

Full Text Available Seis ensaios de competição de cultivares de tomate para processamento industrial foram conduzidos nos municípios goianos de Anápolis, Jataí, Porangatú e Santa Isabel, em 1990, e Anápolis e Porangatu, em 1991. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, tendo as parcelas 80 plantas em 1990 e 70 em 1991. Em Porangatu, em 1990, as plantas foram mais precoces, florescendo 35 e 41 dias após a semeadura e iniciando-se a colheita 38 dias após a antese. Em Anápolis, também em 1990, a floração iniciou-se de 54 a 60 dias após a semeadura e, a colheita, 46 dias após a antese. As cultivares Petomech, IPA 6 e Topmech Melhorado destacaram-se entre as mais produtivas, apresentando frutos firmes, seguidas das cultivares IPA 5 e Agrocica 72. As cultivares Roma VFN, Rossol e Agrocica 08, por outro lado, revelaram-se produtivas, mas com frutos pouco firmes, sendo impróprias para o transporte a longa distância. Com exceção da cultivar Itaparica, que apresentou melhor desempenho relativo nos ambientes menos favoráveis, os genótipos apresentaram, para rendimento, resposta diretamente proporcional à melhoria do ambiente, caracterizado pela média geral dos genótipos dentro de cada experimento. As cultivares Agrocica 08, IPA 5, Nemadoro e UC 204, foram as mais influenciadas pelas variações do ambiente, enquanto as cultivares Agrocica 33, Calmec VF, IPA 6, Rio Fuego, Santa Adélia, Topmec Melhorado e UC 82 foram as mais estáveis.Six field trials were carried out to evaluate processing tomato cultivars in four counties in the State of Goiás, Brazil (Anápolis, Jataí, Porangatú and Santa Isabel, in 1990, and Anápolis and Porangatu, in 1991. The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design, with four replications, and plots of 80 plants in 1990 and 70 plants in 1991. The plant cycle was shorter in Porangatu (1990, where temperatures were higher than Anápolis. In Porangatu, plant flowering

Development of a real-time PCR method for the differential detection and quantification of four solanaceae in GMO analysis: potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and pepper (Capsicum annuum).

Science.gov (United States)

Chaouachi, Maher; El Malki, Redouane; Berard, Aurélie; Romaniuk, Marcel; Laval, Valérie; Brunel, Dominique; Bertheau, Yves

2008-03-26

The labeling of products containing genetically modified organisms (GMO) is linked to their quantification since a threshold for the presence of fortuitous GMOs in food has been established. This threshold is calculated from a combination of two absolute quantification values: one for the specific GMO target and the second for an endogenous reference gene specific to the taxon. Thus, the development of reliable methods to quantify GMOs using endogenous reference genes in complex matrixes such as food and feed is needed. Plant identification can be difficult in the case of closely related taxa, which moreover are subject to introgression events. Based on the homology of beta-fructosidase sequences obtained from public databases, two couples of consensus primers were designed for the detection, quantification, and differentiation of four Solanaceae: potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and eggplant (Solanum melongena). Sequence variability was studied first using lines and cultivars (intraspecies sequence variability), then using taxa involved in gene introgressions, and finally, using taxonomically close taxa (interspecies sequence variability). This study allowed us to design four highly specific TaqMan-MGB probes. A duplex real time PCR assay was developed for simultaneous quantification of tomato and potato. For eggplant and pepper, only simplex real time PCR tests were developed. The results demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of the assays. We therefore conclude that beta-fructosidase can be used as an endogenous reference gene for GMO analysis.

Indel Group in Genomes (IGG) Molecular Genetic Markers1[OPEN

Science.gov (United States)

Burkart-Waco, Diana; Kuppu, Sundaram; Britt, Anne; Chetelat, Roger

2016-01-01

Genetic markers are essential when developing or working with genetically variable populations. Indel Group in Genomes (IGG) markers are primer pairs that amplify single-locus sequences that differ in size for two or more alleles. They are attractive for their ease of use for rapid genotyping and their codominant nature. Here, we describe a heuristic algorithm that uses a k-mer-based approach to search two or more genome sequences to locate polymorphic regions suitable for designing candidate IGG marker primers. As input to the IGG pipeline software, the user provides genome sequences and the desired amplicon sizes and size differences. Primer sequences flanking polymorphic insertions/deletions are produced as output. IGG marker files for three sets of genomes, Solanum lycopersicum/Solanum pennellii, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Columbia-0/Landsberg erecta-0 accessions, and S. lycopersicum/S. pennellii/Solanum tuberosum (three-way polymorphic) are included. PMID:27436831

Efficacité de l'agent antagoniste Trichoderma harzianum sur ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Efficacité de l'agent antagoniste Trichoderma harzianum sur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciagent pathogène de la tomate. LS Gnancadja, DHE Tonon, EMO Faton, KO Douro Kpindou, E Dannon, A Akoegninou ...

Large-scale analysis of full-length cDNAs from the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom, a reference system for the Solanaceae genomics.

Science.gov (United States)

Aoki, Koh; Yano, Kentaro; Suzuki, Ayako; Kawamura, Shingo; Sakurai, Nozomu; Suda, Kunihiro; Kurabayashi, Atsushi; Suzuki, Tatsuya; Tsugane, Taneaki; Watanabe, Manabu; Ooga, Kazuhide; Torii, Maiko; Narita, Takanori; Shin-I, Tadasu; Kohara, Yuji; Yamamoto, Naoki; Takahashi, Hideki; Watanabe, Yuichiro; Egusa, Mayumi; Kodama, Motoichiro; Ichinose, Yuki; Kikuchi, Mari; Fukushima, Sumire; Okabe, Akiko; Arie, Tsutomu; Sato, Yuko; Yazawa, Katsumi; Satoh, Shinobu; Omura, Toshikazu; Ezura, Hiroshi; Shibata, Daisuke

2010-03-30

The Solanaceae family includes several economically important vegetable crops. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is regarded as a model plant of the Solanaceae family. Recently, a number of tomato resources have been developed in parallel with the ongoing tomato genome sequencing project. In particular, a miniature cultivar, Micro-Tom, is regarded as a model system in tomato genomics, and a number of genomics resources in the Micro-Tom-background, such as ESTs and mutagenized lines, have been established by an international alliance. To accelerate the progress in tomato genomics, we developed a collection of fully-sequenced 13,227 Micro-Tom full-length cDNAs. By checking redundant sequences, coding sequences, and chimeric sequences, a set of 11,502 non-redundant full-length cDNAs (nrFLcDNAs) was generated. Analysis of untranslated regions demonstrated that tomato has longer 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions than most other plants but rice. Classification of functions of proteins predicted from the coding sequences demonstrated that nrFLcDNAs covered a broad range of functions. A comparison of nrFLcDNAs with genes of sixteen plants facilitated the identification of tomato genes that are not found in other plants, most of which did not have known protein domains. Mapping of the nrFLcDNAs onto currently available tomato genome sequences facilitated prediction of exon-intron structure. Introns of tomato genes were longer than those of Arabidopsis and rice. According to a comparison of exon sequences between the nrFLcDNAs and the tomato genome sequences, the frequency of nucleotide mismatch in exons between Micro-Tom and the genome-sequencing cultivar (Heinz 1706) was estimated to be 0.061%. The collection of Micro-Tom nrFLcDNAs generated in this study will serve as a valuable genomic tool for plant biologists to bridge the gap between basic and applied studies. The nrFLcDNA sequences will help annotation of the tomato whole-genome sequence and aid in tomato functional

Large-scale analysis of full-length cDNAs from the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Micro-Tom, a reference system for the Solanaceae genomics

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Kikuchi Mari

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The Solanaceae family includes several economically important vegetable crops. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum is regarded as a model plant of the Solanaceae family. Recently, a number of tomato resources have been developed in parallel with the ongoing tomato genome sequencing project. In particular, a miniature cultivar, Micro-Tom, is regarded as a model system in tomato genomics, and a number of genomics resources in the Micro-Tom-background, such as ESTs and mutagenized lines, have been established by an international alliance. Results To accelerate the progress in tomato genomics, we developed a collection of fully-sequenced 13,227 Micro-Tom full-length cDNAs. By checking redundant sequences, coding sequences, and chimeric sequences, a set of 11,502 non-redundant full-length cDNAs (nrFLcDNAs was generated. Analysis of untranslated regions demonstrated that tomato has longer 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions than most other plants but rice. Classification of functions of proteins predicted from the coding sequences demonstrated that nrFLcDNAs covered a broad range of functions. A comparison of nrFLcDNAs with genes of sixteen plants facilitated the identification of tomato genes that are not found in other plants, most of which did not have known protein domains. Mapping of the nrFLcDNAs onto currently available tomato genome sequences facilitated prediction of exon-intron structure. Introns of tomato genes were longer than those of Arabidopsis and rice. According to a comparison of exon sequences between the nrFLcDNAs and the tomato genome sequences, the frequency of nucleotide mismatch in exons between Micro-Tom and the genome-sequencing cultivar (Heinz 1706 was estimated to be 0.061%. Conclusion The collection of Micro-Tom nrFLcDNAs generated in this study will serve as a valuable genomic tool for plant biologists to bridge the gap between basic and applied studies. The nrFLcDNA sequences will help annotation of the

Chemical and physical characterization of fruits of different tomato accessions in the greenhouse. = Caracterização química e física de frutos de diferentes acessos de tomateiro em casa de vegetação.

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Ataiza de Andrade Sousa

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon is cultivated on a large scale in Brazil and worldwide. Due to the fact that it has a relatively short cycle and higher yields, the tomato crop has good economic prospects and the cultivated area is increasing dayle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of different tomato accessions in the greenhouse conditions in Boa Vista-RR. The following accessions were evaluated: 18 (cherry tomato, 209 (cherry tomato,243 (CNPH 738, 101 (tomato Santa Cruz - KADA, 102 (tomato Yoshimatsu, and 246 (CNPH 0171. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The fruit at the point of harvest, were collected properly identified and evaluated for the following characteristics: vitamin C content, pH, acidity, soluble solids, soluble solids /acidity, fresh, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruit, the pericarp thickness and dry matter content. The data were subjected to variance analysis and means were compared by Duncan test at 5% probability. Except for the variable content of soluble solids, the other variables showed statistical differences. All accesses have attributes suitable for eating raw. With the exception of access 101 and 102 due to high pH (Access 101 and low dry matter content (access 101 and 102, others have attributes suitable for industrial processing.=O tomate (Solanum lycopersicon é cultivado em grande escala na agricultura brasileira sendo uma das culturasmais difundidas em todo mundo. Por se tratar de uma cultura de ciclo relativamente curto e de altos rendimentos, a culturado tomate tem boas perspectivas econômicas e a área cultivada vem aumentando a cada dia. Objetivou-se com este trabalhoavaliar as características físicas e químicas de frutos de diferentes acessos de tomateiro nas condições de casa de vegetação emBoa Vista-RR. Foram avaliados seis acessos, sendo: 18 (tomate cereja

Plantas de cobertura no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do tomate em plantio direto Cover crops used to control weeds under the no-tillage tomato production system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.C. Silva Hirata

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O plantio direto do tomateiro é um sistema que busca maior sustentabilidade, porém são escassas as informações sobre o manejo de plantas daninhas nessa nova modalidade de cultivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cinco tipos de cobertura do solo (Brachiaria decumbens, B. ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum, comunidade infestante e tratamento sem cobertura vegetal para plantio direto do tomateiro rasteiro, conduzido no sistema meia estaca, em complementação ao controle químico com herbicidas. P. glaucum foi a espécie que proporcionou maior cobertura do solo até a colheita do tomate; todavia, a taxa de decomposição da palha foi maior que a das demais coberturas. As coberturas de solo compostas pelas gramíneas forrageiras B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis e Pennisetum glaucum reduziram a densidade e a massa seca das plantas daninhas. O uso da comunidade infestante para obtenção de palha promoveu reduzida cobertura do solo e elevada emergência de plantas daninhas, semelhantes às do solo sem cobertura. B. decumbens apresentou rebrota durante o ciclo do tomateiro, o que não ocorreu com B. ruziziensis.Tomato no tillage system is a more sustainable system. However, information about weed management in this new cultivation modality is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate five vegetation covers (Brachiaria decumbens, B. ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum, community weed and the treatment without vegetable covering for no tillage system of the staked processing tomato crop combined with weed chemical control. P. glaucum provided the most soil cover to the tomato crop, although straw decomposition rate was higher than those of the other covers. The soil cover by the forage grasses B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum reduced the density and dry mass of the weeds. The use of the community weeds for straw obtaining promoted reduced covering of the soil and larger emergency of weeds, similar to the treatment without

Plaadid / Valner Valme

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Valme, Valner, 1970-

2002-01-01

Uutest heliplaatidest "Golden Boy With Miss Kitten", las Ketchup "Hijas Del Tomate", Patricia Kaas "Piano Bar", Charles Mingus "Finest Hour", Jimmy Somerville "The Very Best of", The Coral "The Coral", Ozzy Osbourne "Live At Budokan", Absolute "Absolute"

Nutritional survey, staple foods composition and the uses of savoury ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-05-02

May 2, 2008 ... Cassava paste with sauce Cassava paste meal, leaves of Gnetum Africanus. Soft pieces. Corn meal .... Maggi oignons epices. Maggi tomate epices ... Etude de la biodisponibilité du fer et des apports en quelques minéraux ...

et du neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 nov. 2015 ... Mots clés : tomate ; ravageurs, extraits végétaux, activité insecticide. ABSTRACT. Objective: ... obtained with the decis unlike Lippia that has been mitigated. Indeed, neem extract can be recommended as an alternative against ...

Bootstrapping in language resource generation

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Davel, MH

2003-11-01

Full Text Available by Schultz [1]. Bootstrapping approaches are applicable to various lan- guage resource development tasks, specifically where an au- tomated mechanism can be defined to convert between vari- ous representations of the data considered. In the above ex...

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a plant subtilase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rose, Rolf; Huttenlocher, Franziska; Cedzich, Anna; Kaiser, Markus; Schaller, Andreas; Ottmann, Christian

2009-01-01

The first crystallographic study of a plant subtilase, SBT3 from S. lycopersicum, is reported. The subtilase SBT3 from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) was purified from a tomato cell culture and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. A native data set was collected to 2.5 Å resolution at 100 K using synchrotron radiation. For experimental phasing, CsCl-derivative and tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane (TAMM) derivative crystals were employed for MIRAS phasing. Three caesium sites and one TAMM site were identified, which allowed solution of the structure

Caracterização parcial de um Tymovirus isolado de tomateiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Cristina Batista

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Um Tymovirus isolado de sementes de tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum 'Paronset' com sintomas de necrose, denominado TyToRS08, foi caracterizado quanto ao círculo de hospedeiras, propriedades físico-químicas, sorológicas e moleculares. O vírus foi transmitido mecanicamente a partir de folhas, frutos e sementes infectadas. A gama de hospedeiras incluiu espécies de Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae e Solanaceae, induzindo sintomas local e sistêmicos na maior parte das espécies, exceto para Nicotiana sylvestris, N. tabacum 'Samsun', 'White Burley' e 'Xanthi' que não manifestaram sintomas. Em tomateiros 'Alambra', 'Thomas', 'Diva', 'Romana' e 'Graziela', o vírus induziu sintomas de mosaico e necrose branca. A presença do vírus foi detectada, nas sementes infectadas de todas as cultivares avaliadas, porém não se notou em plântulas após a germinação destas sementes. Foi obtida uma preparação purificada com concentração de 1,04 mg mL-1, empregada na produção de um antissoro policlonal que reagiu em PTA-ELISA com um título de 1/32768. Utilizou-se um par de oligonucleotídeos degenerados, desenhados para anelar na ORF 1 de espécies de Tymovirus, que permitiu a amplificação por RT-PCR de fragmentos com cerca de 700 pb. Após o alinhamento e a análise das sequências, verificou-se que o isolado TyToRS08 possuía valores abaixo de 70% de identidade com as espécies de Tymovirus, indicando que pode se tratar de uma espécie distinta das descritas no gênero, com potencial epidemiológico, pela sua estabilidade e disseminação por sementes de tomate.

Condicionamento osmótico de sementes de hortaliças visando a germinação em condições de temperaturas baixas Vegetable seed priming to improve germination at low temperature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Warley Marcos Nascimento

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Baixas temperaturas por ocasião do plantio podem atrasar ou inibir a germinação das sementes de várias espécies de hortaliças, incluindo berinjela, melancia, melão e tomate. O condicionamento osmótico de sementes tem sido utilizado com o objetivo de acelerar a germinação e uniformizar a emergência das plântulas em campo, especialmente em condições adversas. Sementes de berinjela 'Ciça', melancia 'Crimson Sweet', melão 'Top Net SR' e tomate 'Heinz 9425' foram osmoticamente condicionadas. A metodologia utilizada no condicionamento osmótico foi dependente da espécie, isto é, a solução osmótica, a temperatura bem como o período de condicionamento variou entre as diferentes espécies estudadas. Após o condicionamento osmótico, as sementes foram lavadas e secas. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em condições de baixas temperaturas (10; 15; 15 e 17ºC para tomate, berinjela, melancia e melão, respectivamente e em temperaturas normais (20 e 30ºC para tomate e 25ºC para as demais espécies. Baixas temperaturas diminuíram a velocidade e a percentagem de germinação das sementes das quatro espécies. Sementes osmoticamente condicionadas de todas as espécies testadas apresentaram maior germinação do que aquelas não condicionadas, principalmente em condições de baixas temperaturas. O condicionamento osmótico pode ser utilizado para melhorar a germinação de sementes de cucurbitaceas (melão e melancia e solanaceas (berinjela e tomate, principalmente nestas condições adversas de baixas temperaturas.Under low temperatures, seed germination of several species, including eggplant, watermelon, melon and tomato can be erratic or completely inhibited. Seed priming has been used to increase germination rate and seedling uniformity, mainly under unfavorable environmental conditions. Seeds of eggplant, cv. 'Ciça', watermelon 'Crimson Sweet', melon 'Top Net SR' and tomato 'Heinz 9425' were osmoconditioned. The

Composição físico-química e valores energéticos dos resíduos de goiaba e tomate para frangos de corte de crescimento lento Physicochemical composition and energy and nutritional characteristics of guava and tomato residues for free range broilers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edney Pereira da Silva

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se determinar a composição físico-química e o valor energético dos farelos de goiaba e de tomate para frangos de corte de crescimento lento. Analisou-se a composição químico-fisica e, em seguida, realizou-se ensaio de metabolismo utilizando-se 60 frangos da linhagem Caipirão, com 65 dias de idade, distribuídos ao acaso em três tratamentos e cinco repetições de quatro aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração-referência e duas rações-teste, formuladas com 70% da ração-referência e 30% de farelo de goiaba ou tomate. O experimento teve duração de dez dias, cinco para adaptação das aves às rações e cinco para coleta total das excretas. A composição químico-física dos farelos de tomate e de goiaba (na matéria natural foi: 90,81 e 91,96% de matéria seca (MS; 10,09 e 21,74% de proteína bruta (PB; 11,71 e 12,01% de extrato etéreo (EE; 1,25 e 4,76% de matéria mineral (MM; 55,62 e 43,66% de fibra bruta (FB; 64,06 e 51,53% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN; 57,38 e 42,22% de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA; 6,67 e 9,32% de hemicelulose; 4.290 e 4.368 kcal/kg de energia bruta (EB, 576,32 e 201,90 g/L de densidade; e 1.271,56 e 1.092,66 µm de diâmetro geométrico médio, respectivamente. Para os aminoácidos, os valores encontrados foram: 0,17 e 0,33% de metionina; 0,32 e 0,30% de cistina; 0,16 e 1,12% de lisina; 0,23 e 0,75% de treonina; 1,47 e 1,57% de arginina; 0,32 e 0,78% de isoleucina; 0,71 e 1,27% de leucina; 0,39 e 0,90% de valina; 0,25 e 0,43% de histidina; 0,44 e 0,93% de fenilalanina; 0,85 e 1,08% de glicina; 0,42 e 0,99% de serina; 0,30 e 1,05% de prolina; 0,35 e 0,945 de alanina; 0,97 e 2,19% de ácido aspartico; 1,91 e 3,105 de ácido glutâmico, respectivamente. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida, com base na matéria natural, foram 1.436 e 1.969 kcal/kg, respectivamente.The objective of this work was to determine the physicochemical composition

Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and of Casearia sylvestris Sw. on cropsEfeito alelopático de extratos aquosos de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. e de Casearia sylvestris Sw. sobre espécies cultivadas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grasielle Soares Gusman

2011-10-01

mostarda (Brassica campestris L., repolho (Brassica oleracea L. cv. capitata, brócolis (Brassica oleracea L. cv. italica, couve (Brassica pekinensis L., alface (Lactuca sativa L. cv. grand rapids, tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, nabo (Brassica rapa L., rúcula (Eruca sativa L. e rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.. Foram testadas seis concentrações de cada extrato aquoso (10, 30, 50, 70, 90 e 100% e comparadas com controle (água destilada, com cinco repetições cada, sendo distribuídas dez sementes das espécies cultivadas em cada repetição. Os extratos aquosos de E. globulus e C. sylvestris reduziram significativamente o percentual de germinação das sementes, o índice de velocidade de germinação, o crescimento inicial da parte aérea e do sistema radicular de todas as espécies cultivadas, com redução nestes parâmetros com aumento das concentrações utilizadas e, acarretando raízes mais espessas, atrofiadas e com maior número de pêlos absorventes. Assim, os resultados indicam a existência de potencial alelopático de E. globulus e C. sylvestris.

Effet de la Saison de Culture et de la Densité des Plants sur les ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

rendement de la cucurbite, excepté le nombre de fruits à l'hectare (NFHa), diminuent avec la densité de semis. Cette ... épaississant de sauces et riches en nutriments. Les analyses ... le manioc, le taro, les légumes (tomate, aubergine, piment ...

Text-based language identification for the South African languages

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Botha, G

2006-11-01

Full Text Available -crawling ap- proach described in [2]. That method employed an early language-identification system for au- tomatic selection of Web pages, and turned out to suffer from two limitations, namely wrongly identified web pages and web pages with mixed text (i...

Detecting land cover change by evaluating the internal covariance matrix of the extended Kalman filter

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Salmon, BP

2012-07-01

Full Text Available - fective way to monitor and evaluate land cover changes. An operator making an image-to-image comparison is still a com- mon method in most organizations when mapping land cover change, which is time consuming and resource intensive. Au- tomated change...

From where we intervene when we intervene? The case of the "Tomato Platense Project" ¿Desde dónde intervenimos cuando intervenimos? El caso del "proyecto Tomate Platense"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan José Garat

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This work proposes a critical thought on an intervention experience [the "tomato platense" project] in which the authors of this article have participated since its beginning. Such thought implies to put in evidence and discussion, the "what" and the "how" of the intervention for rural development. For this, we work the concepts of: models of development and intervention, technology, hegemony and family farming; and we propose at the same time, a case study methodological strategy. Subsequently, we carry out a description of the intervention process, identifying stages and highlighting aspects that we consider significant. In that regard we envision a process of legitimization of an alternative proposal, which means in a sense a break-up of the technology spiral dominant present in horticultural belt of La Plata. The initial formulation of the proposal arises from a diagnosis made in Cabinet, in the Faculty of Agricultural and Forest Sciences of the UNLP, which has a later participatory becoming, involving partial and periodic reformulation of the initial proposalEste trabajo se propone una reflexión crítica sobre una experiencia de intervención [El Proyecto Tomate Platense] en la que los autores de este artículo hemos participado desde su comienzo. Dicha reflexión implica poner en evidencia y en discusión, el qué y el cómo de la intervención para el desarrollo rural. Para esto, trabajamos los conceptos de: modelos de desarrollo e intervención, tecnología, hegemonía y agricultura familiar; y planteamos a su vez como estrategia metodológica, al estudio de caso. Posteriormente, realizamos una descripción del proceso de la intervención, identificando etapas y poniendo en relieve aspectos que consideramos significativos. En ese sentido visualizamos un proceso de legitimación de una propuesta alternativa, que implica en un sentido un quiebre del espiral tecnológico dominante presente en el cinturón hortícola de La Plata. La

Research Article

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ph.D Student in Biology - Plant Physiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of. Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 4. Quality Control Manager of Tomate Agro-Industry Company of Khoshab factories. Published online: 15 May 2016. ABSTRACT. In recent years, the use of synthetic antioxidants and the degradation ...

Effect of pruning and trellising of tomatoes on red spider mite ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Key Words: Arthropod pest, Lycopersicon esculentum, Tetranychus evansi. RÉSUMÉ La petite araignée rouge, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Prichard accidentellement introduite en Afrique Australe vers 1980 est une peste relativement nouvelle pour la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) de l'Afrique. Depuis lors l'espèce ...

PRIMARY NOCTURNAL ENURESIS: A CLINICAL URODYNAMIC ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Results Monosymptomatic enuresis was diagnosed in 329 patients, while the remaining 144 patients had polysymp-tomatic enuresis. Detrusor instability was detected in 36% of the monosymptomatic patients and in 93% of the polysymptomatic patients. Bladder capacities at the first sensation (FS), at normal sensation and ...

Untitled

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Results Monosymptomatic enuresis was diagnosed in 329 patients, while the remaining 144 patients had polysymp- tomatic enuresis. Detrusor instability was detected in 36% of the monosymptomatic patients and in 93% of the polysymptomatic patients. Bladder capacities at the first sensation (FS), at normal sensation and ...

El acontecimiento en el cuento: nueva lectura de José Jiménez Lozano

OpenAIRE

Martínez-Illán, A. (Antonio)

2010-01-01

Se reseña un libro que estudia como un todo los cuentos de Jiménez Lozano publicados hasta la fecha (y, en particular, La Piel de los tomates) a la luz de una teoría del cuento desde la categoría del acontecimiento.

ESPECIES NATIVAS DE Trichogramma (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE COLECTADAS EN CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS DEL NORTE DE MÉXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabián García-González

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman y Platner, T. deion Pinto y Oatman, T. exiguum Pinto y Platner, T. fuentesi Torre y T. pretiosum Riley, fueron determinadas de 27 muestras colectadas en los siguientes cultivos: algodonero, caña de azúcar, chile serrano, col, girasol, maíz, naranjo, nogal, soya y tomate, establecidos en ocho estados del norte de México. T. pretiosum se determinó en algodonero, chile serrano, col, girasol, maíz, naranjo, nogal, soya y tomate; T. fuentesi en muestras de maíz y nogal; en muestras de maíz a T. exiguum y T. deion; y T. atopovirilia en caña de azúcar. T. pretiosum fue encontrada en 19 de las 27 muestras revisadas, en contraste T. atopovirilia y T. exiguum se determinaron en una muestra cada una. La determinación de T. deion y T. fuentesi en las muestras de maíz, se consideran como nuevos reportes para México.

Integrated effect of nutrients from a recirculation aquaponic system and foliar nutrition on the yield of tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum L. and Solanum pimpinellifolium.

Science.gov (United States)

Gullian Klanian, Mariel; Delgadillo Diaz, Mariana; Aranda, Javier; Rosales Juárez, Carolina

2018-04-20

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of tomato plants to efficiently use the nitrogen (N) of a recirculation aquaponic system (RAS) and to evaluate the effects of foliar fertilization as a complement to the water nutrition on the growth of the two tomato cultivars. The significant effect of six macro- and seven micronutrients was evaluated on the plant growth and on the fruit yield. Two experiments were performed in a nutrient film aquaponic unit. The first experiment was designed to study the effects of foliar fertilization on the seedlings of two tomato cultivars Costoluto Genovese (CG) (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Currant tomato (Ct) (Solanum pimpinellifolium) with 8% of weekly water exchange (WE8%-RAS). The foliar fertilizer was formulated with N restriction in the last 11 weeks (TF1). In the second experiment, two other foliar fertilization treatments (TF2 and TF3) were applied with a concentration of nutrients twice and triple that in TF1, but with a lower proportion of NPK ratio. These treatments were tested on the cultivar CG in a RAS with zero water exchange (WE0%-RAS). The data from the 1st experiment showed a positive effect of the foliar fertilization on the yield of both cultivars. The fertilization markedly influenced the dry matter weight of the CG; however, this effect was not observed in the Ct. The root length of both cultivars was positively influenced by the P content, whereas the plant height was affected by the excess of Co and S. According to the results from the 2nd experiment, the TF2 plants had the highest number of fruits with a high mean weight. The system was efficient in utilizing N from fish tank; the water K favored the yield of the CG fruit and the foliar K favored the growth of the TF2 plants. With a decrease in the foliar N, the CG plants were able to absorb 27.5% of the NO 3 - and 7.06% of total ammonia nitrogen from water. The absolute and relative growth rate of Nile tilapia was not affected by the rate

Mise en évidence d'une variation intra spécifique chez Botrytis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

25 avr. 2013 ... 2 Présidence de l'Université Ibn Tofaïl, Kenitra, Maroc. Auteur correspondant .... ambiante et sous lumière continue afin de favoriser davantage la .... formation de sclérotes sur les disques foliaires de tomate est observée chez ...

2614-IJBCS-Article-Zakari Abdoul Habou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

(Biobit 2X) sur la dynamique de la population de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius ... en place un essai GIPP (Gestion Intégrée Protection Production) de la ... 80% le cas d'attaque du TYLC et le biobit dans le contrôle de la noctuelle de la tomate.

Compiler Driven Code Comments and Refactoring

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Per; Ladelsky, Razya; Karlsson, Sven

2011-01-01

. We demonstrate the ability of our tool to trans- form code, and suggest code refactoring that increase its amenability to optimization. The preliminary results shows that, with our tool-set, au- tomatic loop parallelization with the GNU C compiler, gcc, yields 8.6x best-case speedup over...

CRESCIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE HORTALIÇAS ADUBADAS COM DIFERENTES PARTES MORFOLÓGICAS DA MUCUNA PRETA / GROWTH OF SEEDLING OF VEGETABLES FERTILIZED WITH DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL PARTS OF THE BLACK MUCUNA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. M. Brandelero

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Visando a melhoria das mudas hortícolas há possibilidade da suplementação mineral dos substratos comerciais com a finalidade de contribuir com a nutrição destas plantas. Entretanto, as constantes irrigações sobre as bandejas acabam por lixiviar os nutrientes, causando a redução no crescimento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de plântulas de hortaliças submetidas a adição de diferentes partes morfológicas da mucuna preta. Os tratamentos consistiram na adição de resíduos vegetais de folhas, caules e raízes da mucuna preta cultivados previamente e ausência de resíduos, adicionados sobre o substrato de produção de mudas de quatro espécies de hortaliças (cebola, tomate, alface e beterraba, conduzidos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados com três repetições. Constatou-se que a adição de folhas de mucuna preta contribuiu para aumentar a matéria seca da parte aérea entre 67 e 242% a mais em relação ao controle, e de 32 a 163% a mais na altura das plantas. Entretanto, a adição das raízes da mucuna preta reduziu o crescimento das plantas de tomate e beterraba, assim como os caules reduziram o crescimento da beterraba. As folhas da mucuna preta adicionadas sobre as bandejas semeadas proporcionaram maior aporte nutricional e por sua vez maior crescimento das plântulas de alface, tomate e beterraba.

Polihidroxialcanoatos de cepas de Azospirillum spp. aisladas de raíces de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “tomate” y Oryza sativa L. “arroz” en Lambayeque

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katty Baca

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se determinó la concentración de polihidroxialcanoatos (PH As de cepas de Azospirillum aisladas de raíces de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “tomate” y Oryza sativa L. “arroz”, como una alternativa ante la acumulación de plásticos derivados del petróleo. R aíces previamente desinfectadas se sembraron en medio Nfb se misólido, donde las bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno se reconocieron por una película blanquecina bajo la superficie y el viraje del indicador al azul. El género Azospirillum se identificó en medio rojo de Congo, obteniéndose 96 cepas de A. lipoferum y A. brasilense en tomate y arroz. Se realizó una fermentación discontinua con caldo Azotobacter modificado, alimentando con una solución saturada de ácido málico cada 12 horas y se realizaron tinciones con Sudán Negro B. Se seleccionaron las cepas con mayor nú mero de gránulos de PHAs (en tomate , 18 de A. lipoferum y 2 de A. brasilense y en arroz, 10 de A. lipoferum y 10 de A. brasilense y se cuantificó la biomasa y PHAs. La concentración de PHAs alcanzó 0 . 661 gL - 1 en A. lipoferum KM(T - 73 y 0 . 738 gL - 1 en A. br asilense KM(T - 19. Las cepas de A. lipoferum y A. brasilense aisladas de tomate alcanzaron una mayor concentración de biomasa y PHAs frente a las cepas aisladas de arroz.

Papel dos tricomas glandulares da folha do tomateiro na oviposição de Tuta absoluta Role of tomato leaf glandular trichomes on oviposition of Tuta absoluta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elsa Gilardón

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Os tricomas glandulares presentes nas folhas e ramos das plantas do gênero Lycopersicon são responsáveis pela secreção de metabólitos de diferentes naturezas. A presença de alguns desses compostos tem sido associada à resistência do tomate a diferentes insetos. A traça-do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, é uma das pragas mais nocivas da América do Sul. O adulto oviposita sobre as folhas do tomate e suas larvas abrem galerias no mesófilo das folhas, ramos, flores e frutos. As espécies silvestres do tomate conservam a capacidade de biossintetizar compostos químicos que lhes conferem resistência a esta praga. No presente trabalho, foi avaliada a preferência para oviposição desse inseto sobre folhas com e sem tricomas glandulares de L. esculentum (Mill. cv. Uco Plata, suscetível, e de L. hirsutum f. glabratum (Mull. PI 134417, espécie silvestre afim ao tomate, e resistente à traça. Os resultados sugerem que as fêmeas ovipositam indistintamente sobre as folhas de ambas espécies, independentemente da presença, ou não, dos tricomas glandulares. E a presença destes e de seus exsudatos não têm efeito inibidor na oviposição do inseto.In the genus Lycopersicon, different metabolites are secreted by the glandular trichomes of leaves and stems. These compounds have been associated to different tomato pests resistance. The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, is one of the most harmful pests in South America. The females oviposit on tomato leaves and the larvae mine the leaf mesophyl, stems, flowers and fruits. Some wild accessions of Lycopersicon keep their capacity to synthesize allelochemicals that protect them from the pest. In this paper a comparison was made between the tomato pinworm oviposition on leaves with and without trichomes of L. esculentum (Mill. cv. Uco Plata, a susceptible cultivar, and L. hirsutum f. glabratum (Mull. PI 134417, a resistant wild accession. Results suggest that the female

2543-IJBCS-Article-Rabo Youmoussou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

détermination des cultures maraîchères associées au M. oleifera, la durée ainsi que l'arrangement spatial des composantes ... préparation de soupe, de sauce et du couscous en Afrique. .... cultures, suivie de l'oseille, la tomate et l'oignon à ...

in Malawi

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2002-11-11

Nov 11, 2002 ... tomatic cases, which disproportionately occur in wom- en withSTIs. .... Of the available data, those concerning pregnant wom- en and male ..... cation [e ve/. Source — National antenatal surveillance 2003. Access to adequate d'agnosrls and treatment. Several studies (all in STI clinics) have shown that be—.

An analysis of sensitivity of CLIMEX parameters in mapping species potential distribution and the broad-scale changes observed with minor variations in parameters values: an investigation using open-field Solanum lycopersicum and Neoleucinodes elegantalis as an example

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva, Ricardo Siqueira; Kumar, Lalit; Shabani, Farzin; Picanço, Marcelo Coutinho

2018-04-01

A sensitivity analysis can categorize levels of parameter influence on a model's output. Identifying parameters having the most influence facilitates establishing the best values for parameters of models, providing useful implications in species modelling of crops and associated insect pests. The aim of this study was to quantify the response of species models through a CLIMEX sensitivity analysis. Using open-field Solanum lycopersicum and Neoleucinodes elegantalis distribution records, and 17 fitting parameters, including growth and stress parameters, comparisons were made in model performance by altering one parameter value at a time, in comparison to the best-fit parameter values. Parameters that were found to have a greater effect on the model results are termed "sensitive". Through the use of two species, we show that even when the Ecoclimatic Index has a major change through upward or downward parameter value alterations, the effect on the species is dependent on the selection of suitability categories and regions of modelling. Two parameters were shown to have the greatest sensitivity, dependent on the suitability categories of each species in the study. Results enhance user understanding of which climatic factors had a greater impact on both species distributions in our model, in terms of suitability categories and areas, when parameter values were perturbed by higher or lower values, compared to the best-fit parameter values. Thus, the sensitivity analyses have the potential to provide additional information for end users, in terms of improving management, by identifying the climatic variables that are most sensitive.

Dry matter production and nutrient accumulation after successive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogongrass in a substrate with zeolite Produção de matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes após cultivos sucessivos com alface, tomate, arroz e capim andropogon em substrato com zeólita

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Alberto C. de Campos Bernardi

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Zeolites are hydrated crystalline aluminosilicate minerals of natural occurrence, structured in rigid third dimension net that can be used as slow release plant-nutrient source. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth substrate under zeolite application, enriched with N, P and K, on dry matter yield and on nutrient contents in consecutive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with 3 kg pots with an inert substrate, evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four types of enrichment of concentrated natural zeolite: concentrated zeolite (Z only, zeolite + KNO3 (ZNK, zeolite + K2HPO4 (ZPK and zeolite + H3PO4 + apatite (ZP, and a control grown in substrate fertilized with a zeolite-free nutrient solution. Four levels of enriched zeolite were tested: 20, 40, 80, and 160 g/pot. Four successive crops were grown on the same substrate in each pot: lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. Results indicated that N, P and K enriched zeolite was an adequate slow-release nutrient source for plants. The total dry matter production of above-ground biomass of four successive crops followed a descending order: ZP > ZPK > ZNK > Z.Zeólitas são minerais aluminossilicatos cristalinos hidratados de ocorrência natural, estruturados em redes cristalinas tridimensionais rígidas que podem ser usados como fonte de liberação lenta de nutrientes para as plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adição de zeólita enriquecida com N, P e K ao substrato de cultivo sobre a produção de matéria seca e o acúmulo de nutrientes pelas culturas sucessivas de alface, de tomate, de arroz e de capim-andropogon. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos em casa de vegetação, em vasos contendo 3 kg de substrato inerte. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A zeólita natural

SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM QUANTITATIVE THING LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF CAROTENOID COMPOSITION OF TOMATOES SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM

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N. A. Golubkina

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tomatoes carote-noid composition is considered to be the basis of tomato selection. Among known methods of identification and carotenoid content determination thing layer chromatography (TLC is characterized by inexpensive, quick and availab-le method of analysis. Comparison of individual tomato carotenoid content data obtained using wellknown empirical formulas and based of TLC separation on chromatoraphic paper was achieved. Empirical formulas for the determination of lycopene and beta-carotene concentrations were shown to give high variations in beta-carotene content and decreased values of total carotenoids concentration values. Developed conditions of chromatographic separation and identification of selected carotenoids are based on different polarity of individual pigments and specific absorption spectra of the latter. Method of thin layer chromatography may serve as a quick and effective method for quality evaluation of tomato fruit of different color and determination of beta-carotene, ζ-carotene, neurosporene, lycopene and lutein content.

Yield and fruit quality of industrial tomato under saline irrigation Rendimento e qualidade de fruto do tomate tipo industrial sob irrigação salina

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Carlos Alberto Brasiliano Campos

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Industrial tomato is the most important vegetable crop of the Brazilian agribusiness. Few researches have evaluated the tolerance of this crop to saline stress. In this study, the effects of five levels of salinity of the irrigation water (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 dS m-1 and two equivalent proportions of Na:Ca:Mg (1:1:0.5 and 7:1:0.5 were tested on yield and quality of fruits of industrial tomato, cultivar IPA 6. Seedlings were transplanted in rhizotrons and grown under plastic covering until fruit ripening. Volume of water for daily irrigations was determined by the difference between the applied and drained volume in the previous irrigation. Unitary increase of water salinity above 1 dS m-1 reduced the commercial and total yield by 11.9 and 11.0%, respectively, and increased the concentration of soluble solids and the titratable acidity of the fruits by 13.9 and 9.4%, respectively. The increase of the proportion of sodium reduced the total and marketable yield, the number of marketable fruits and pulp yield. Water of moderate salinity, with low concentration of sodium, can be used in the irrigation of the industrial tomato, without significant yield losses.O tomate para processamento industrial é a hortaliça mais importante da agroindústria brasileira. Poucas pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas para avaliar a tolerância da cultura ao estresse salino. Neste estudo, foram testados os efeitos de cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 dS m-1 e duas proporções equivalentes de Na:Ca:Mg (1:1:0,5 e 7:1:0,5 sobre a produção e a qualidade dos frutos de tomateiro tipo industrial, cultivar IPA 6. As mudas foram transplantadas em rhizotrons e o cultivo foi conduzido sob cobertura plástica até a maturação dos frutos. O volume de água necessário para irrigações diárias foi determinado pela diferença entre o volume aplicado e o drenado na irrigação anterior. O aumento unitário da salinidade da água acima de 1 dS m-1

CHEMICAL ESSAY ON TOMATO FRUIT BORER Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guennée, 1854 ENSAIO PARA O CONTROLE QUÍMICO DA BROCA PEQUENA Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guennée 1854 (Pyralidae Lepidoptera DO TOMATE

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Tarciso Albuquerque de Farias

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

A trial was carried out in Goiânia-Go, Brazil, to verify the effect of several insecticides on tomato fruit borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenné, 1854. The treatments and active ingredient per hectare were: 1-cypermethrin, 130 g; 2-diclorvos, 312.5 g; 3- diazinon 250 g; 4- diazinon 30 g and 5- cartap 312.5 g. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications being each plot constituted of two rows with 10 plants. The insecticides were applied four times at seven days intervals. The results showed that all the treatments were efficient to control the tomato fruit borer. The best results were obtained with cartap, 90.9% of the control, followed by cypermethrin with 88.2% of control.

Para controle da broca pequena do fruto do tomate Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guennée, 1854, foi realizado no campo experimental da Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, um experimento em tomateiro, cultivar Kadá, visando a avaliar em campo a eficiência dos inseticidas: cypermethrin (Polydial 20 CE – 130 g. i.a./ha; diclorvos (Nuvan 1000 CE - 312,5 g. i.a./ha; diazinon (Diazinon 40 PM 250 g. i.a,/ha; diazinon (Diazinon 600 CE 300 g. i.a/ha, comparados com cartap (Cartap BR 500 - 312,5 g. i.a. e uma testemunha. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída de duas linhas com dez plantas. Foram realizadas quatro aplicações, sendo uma a cada semana, a partir do surgimento dos primeiros frutos. A avaliação dos resultados foi realizada por ocasião da primeira produção, quando todos os frutos das parcelas foram colhidos para se detectar quantos estavam brocados. Os resultados obtidos no presente experimento mostraram que houve diferença estatística significativa entre os produtos

Resistência de genótipos de batata a Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller

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Lopes Maria Teresa do Rêgo

2001-01-01

Full Text Available A traça Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller é considerada atualmente uma das principais pragas da batata. O uso de resistência varietal para controle desse inseto é uma alternativa promissora, mas que ainda precisa ser melhor pesquisada. A resistência de genótipos de batata à traça foi avaliada, em condições de laboratório, analisando-se o efeito de folhas e tubérculos sobre a biologia do inseto. Comparou-se também o desenvolvimento da traça em folhas de batata e tomate. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com os clones de batata NYL 235-4 e N 140-201 (ambos com tricomas glandulares tipo A nas folhas, as cultivares Aracy, Apuã e Itararé e a cultivar de tomate Santa Clara. Os insetos foram criados em folíolos e tubérculos dos genótipos, avaliando-se a duração e a viabilidade das fases larval e pupal e o peso de pupas. O desenvolvimento do inseto não foi afetado nas folhas dos genótipos de batata, mesmo nos materiais com tricomas glandulares. Entretanto, em folhas de tomate houve aumento do período larval e diminuição do peso de pupas, sendo este substrato menos favorável ao desenvolvimento da traça quando comparado às folhas de batata. Em testes com tubérculos, o clone NYL 235-4 apresentou resistência a P. operculella, provocando redução significativa na viabilidade larval e alongamento desta fase. O clone N 140-201 afetou o desenvolvimento do inseto de forma menos pronunciada, alongando a fase larval.

Territorial calls in the Little Owl (Athene noctua): spatial dispersion and social interplay of mates and neighbours

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jacobsen, Lars Bo; Sunde, Peter; Rahbek, Carsten

2013-01-01

observations, but did not appear to be related tomate distance.With a sound pressure level of 82 dB(A) at 1-m distance, the territorial calls were estimated to be audible to a distance of 4.4 km. Call posts were on average 4.1 mabove the ground, which probably maximizes the transmission distance....

Caracterização de dois equipamentos de beneficiamento e classificação de tomates para mesa Cleaning efficiency in packing lines for fresh market tomatoes

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André T. O. Franco

2007-12-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, nos últimos anos, tem aumentado o beneficiamento e a classificação de frutas e hortaliças em equipamentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a etapa de limpeza de dois equipamentos de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa, um nacional e outro importado, instalados na região metropolitana de Campinas - SP. A caracterização foi realizada quanto ao número, tipo e velocidade de rotação das escovas, aplicação de água, tempo de permanência dos frutos e eficiência de limpeza. O tempo de permanência foi mensurado com relação ao tamanho dos frutos, segundo os padrões da CEAGESP. Para mensurar a eficiência, foi desenvolvido um equipamento composto de um anel deslizante envolvido por um pano branco. As amostragens foram realizadas antes e após a etapa de limpeza e avaliadas utilizando colorímetro HUNTER Lab. Por meio dos resultados, observaram-se diferenças entre os dois equipamentos, em que o importado apresentou menor número de escovas, rotações mais baixas e maior consumo de água que o nacional. No equipamento nacional, o tempo de permanência dependeu do tamanho dos frutos, não sendo encontrada essa correlação no equipamento importado, e ambos tiveram a mesma eficiência de limpeza. Conclui-se que a limpeza está relacionada à interação entre os parâmetros estudados, sendo também necessário realizar manutenções nos equipamentos das unidades para a melhoria no funcionamento.On the last years, in Brazil, sorting and classifying fruits and vegetables using packing lines have increased. This work aimed at characterizing the cleaning process for fresh market tomatoes at two packing lines, one imported and one national located at Campinas, São Paulo State. Characterization included data, number, types and brushes velocity, water use, fruit standing time and cleaning efficiency. Standing time was measured correlating to fruit diameter (CEAGESP. For measuring cleaning efficiency an equipment was developed

Grado de especificidad de tres formas especiales de Fusarium oxysporum mediante inoculacion cruzada (bajo condiciones de invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia

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Diana Angélica Guerrero Higuera

2006-01-01

investigaciones encaminadas a tratar de estimar sus efectos reales donde se han encontrado porcentajes de infección en plantas no hospederas. En el presente estudio se evalúa el grado de especificidad de tres formas especiales de F. oxysporum con el fin de ampliar el conocimiento acerca del comportamiento de la especie. Se inoculó al suelo una suspensión de esporas (1,5 x 10-6/ml de las formas especiales dianthi, erythroxyli, y lycopersici en plantas de tomate, rábano, y clavel, encontrando porcentajes de infección en tomate por la f sp. Dianthi de 33%, lycopersici de 46% y erythroxyli 53%. En clavel, por dianthi 46%, lycopersici 30% y erythroxyli 43% y 53%. En rábano por dianthi de 40%, lycopersici 50% y erythroxyli 46% y 56%. De este trabajo se concluye que las formas especiales de F. oxysporum utilizadas no son específicas puesto que con todas se encontraron porcentajes de infección en plantas no hospederas.

Capítulo VIII: heredabilidad del rendimiento y sus componentes en tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.; correlaciones genéticas y ambientales

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Lobo Arias Mario

1994-12-01

Full Text Available

El presente estudio se desarrolló con el fin de determinar la heredabilidad, en sentido amplio, del rendimiento y sus componentes en tomate y a la vez describir las relaciones genotípicas y ambientales para dichos componentes en una población constituida por tres líneas endocriadas (Ponderosa Red, Chonto y Red Cherry como progenitores y las F₁ provenientes de los cruzamientos entre los progenitores en una sola dirección. La heredabilidad se estimó en base a los cuadrados medios esperados del análisis de varianza y las correlaciones genotípicas y ambientales en base a los cuadrados medios esperados del análisis de varianza y productos cruzados medios del análisis de covarianza. Para el rendimiento se estimó una heredabilidad de 79.3%, para el número total de frutos de 93.107%, para peso promedio de de fruto de 4.25%. Los coeficientes de correlación genotípicos estimados fueron: para número de frutos por planta y peso promedio de frutos de -0.985; para número de inflorescencias por planta y número de frutos por inflorescencia de 0,541; para número de lóculos por fruto y peso promedio de lóculos de 0.826. Los coeficientes de correlación ambiental estimados fueron: para número de frutos por planta y peso promedio de frutos de -0.512; para rendimiento y número de frutos por planta de -0.065; para rendimiento y peso promedio de frutos de 0.613; para número de inflorescencias y número de frutos por inflorescencias de -0.878; para número de lóculos por fruto y peso promedio de lóculos de -0.779. Lo anterior indica que el método de mejoramiento para rendimiento, dentro de la población estudiada, seria la selección, tomando como índice de selección apropiado el peso promedio de frutos pero sin descuidar el número de frutos. Se debe maximizar las condiciones favorables de suelo y manejo de cultivo para permitir una adecuada manifestación de los dos componentes primarios del rendimiento.

This study

The use of 65Zn in the study of Heliothis armigera larva's behavior on tomatoes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saour, George.

1987-01-01

Short communication. A summary of a DEA report submitted under the title ''Etude au moyen du Zinc Radioactif 65 Zn du comportement des chenilles d'Heliothis armigera hubner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) sur Tomate.'' Univ. de Droit d'Economie et des Sciences d'Aix-Marseille-III. Faculte des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jerome. INRA-MONTEAVET, Station de Zoologie

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dannon, E. Vol 9, No 2 (2015) - Articles Efficacité de l'agent antagoniste Trichoderma harzianum sur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciagent pathogène de la tomate. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about ...

Diversity between and within farmers' varieties of tomato from Eritrea

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

2011-03-21

Mar 21, 2011 ... Key words: Farmers' varieties, genetic diversity, genetic purity, rapid rural appraisal, Solanum lycopersicum, seed mixing ... expressed sequence tag; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; ...... Yam and cowpea diversity manage-.

Carbón activado de semillas de tomate para adsorción de vapores de amoniaco, benceno y gasolina//Activated coal of tomato seeds for adsorption of vapors of ammonia, benzene and gasoline

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Francisco Márquez-Montesino

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue comprobar las posibilidades de adsorción de amoniaco, benceno y gasolina en carbones activados, de semillas de tomate. Se realizó un análisis inmediato a la biomasa. Se concluyó que la adsorción de vapores de amoniaco, está relacionada con la adsorción física y con la presencia de gruposfuncionales de carácter ácido en la superficie activa de los carbones, que forman enlaces débiles con las moléculas de amoniaco. Se realizaron experimentos de adsorción de benceno y gasolina, que no tienen grupos funcionales como el amoniaco, siendo menos adsorbidos, confirmándose una adsorción preferentemente química. La temperatura de activación, la relación de impregnación (RI y laconcentración de la disolución ácida, no tuvieron una influencia significativa en la capacidad de adsorción de benceno, pero sí en la adsorción de amoniaco y vapores de gasolina, de gran aplicación para la eliminación de los vapores de escape en los motores de vehículos.Palabras claves: carbón, activación, adsorción, vapores, amoníaco._______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe objective was to prove the adsorption possibilities of ammonia, benzene and vapors of gasoline in activated coals with phosphoric acid, of tomato seed. An immediate analysis to the biomass was carried out. It was concluded that the vapors adsorption of ammonia, is related with the physical adsorption andthe presence of functional groups of acid character in the active surface of the coal that form weak connections with the molecules of ammonia. Experiments of adsorption of benzene and gasoline were carried out, these substances haven't functional groups as the ammonia, so they were less adsorbed, and it was confirmed a chemical adsorption preferably. The activation temperature, the relationship of impregnation (RI and the concentration of the acid dissolution haven't a significant influence in the capacity of

Biocidal effects of Piper hispidinervum (Piperaceae) essential oil and synergism among its main components.

Science.gov (United States)

Andrés, M F; Rossa, G E; Cassel, E; Vargas, R M F; Santana, O; Díaz, C E; González-Coloma, A

2017-11-01

In this study we evaluated the effect of a pressure gradient (1-2 atm) in the extraction and composition of the essential oil (EO) of Piper hispidinervum by steam distillation. We also evaluated the insect antifeedant effects (Spodoptera littoralis, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi) and nematicidal activity (Meloidogyne javanica) of the oils, their major components and their synergistic interactions. Safrole was the major component (78-81%) followed by terpinolene (5-9%). The EOs tested were effective insect antifeedants. Safrole, explained most of the insect antifeedant action of P. hispidinervum EOs. When safrole and terpinolene were tested in binary combinations, low ratios of safrole improved the antifeedant effects of terpinolene. P. hispidinervum EOs caused higher mortality of M. javanica juveniles than their major components. In binary combinations, low ratios of terpinolene increased the nematicidal effects of safrole. The EO treatment strongly suppressed nematode egg hatching and juvenile infectivity. P. hispidinervum EOs affected the germination of S. lycopersicum and L. sativa mostly at 24 h of treatment, being L. sativa the most sensitive. Safrole moderately affected germination and root growth of L. sativa, S. lycopersicum and L. perenne. Terpinolene only affected S. lycopersicum root growth. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of weed locations in leaf occluded cereal crops using a fully convolutional neural network

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dyrmann, Mads; Nyholm Jørgensen, Rasmus; Midtiby, Henrik Skov

2017-01-01

This pap er presents a metho d for au tomating weed detectio n in colour images despite heavy lea f occlusion. A fully convolu tio n al neural network is used to detect the weed s. The netwo rk is trained and validated on a tot al of more than 17,000 ann otations of w eeds in images from wint er w...

Pesticidrester i fødevarer 2013

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Bodil Hamborg; Andersen, Jens Hinge; Petersen, Annette

afgrøder, som meget ofte ender i danskernes maver, har de generelle tendenser været stabile gennem årene. Analysen sammenholder indholdet af sprøjterester i gulerødder, jordbær, pærer, tomater, æbler og hvede. Mange forhold har indflydelse på, hvor meget sprøjtegift, der er brug for i produktionen af frugt...

The relationship between available P and selected biological properties in the rhizosphere of ten crop species under glasshouse conditions Relación entre el P disponible y algunas propiedades biológicas en la rizosfera de diez especies vegetales cultivadas en invernadero Relação entre o P disponível e um conjunto de propriedades biológicas selecionadas na rizosfera de dez espécies vegetais cultivadas em estufa

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Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani

2012-07-01

Full Text Available

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation of 10 agronomic plant species on selected biological activities and bioavailability of phosphorus (P in different sampling zones. The lowest available P was measured in the planted soil with Solanum lycopersicum. Helianthus annuus, Zea mays and Phasaeolous vulgaris had a relatively larger effect on the decrease of available P in the rhizosphere soil and in the soil adhering to the root mats. S. lycopersicum and P. vulgaris had the highest P concentration (> 980 mg kg^-1 and H. annuus and Z. mays had the highest P uptake (17.62 mg pot^-1 and 13.13 mg pot^-1, respectively. The mean soil microbial biomass P (MBP was significantly high in the rhizophere soil and in the soil adhering to root mats of T. aestivum, Z. mays, S. tuberosum and S. lycopersicum (> 16 mg kg^-1. The mean spore numbers of glumales (SNG were significantly high in the rhizophere soil and in the soil adhering to root mats of P. vulgaris, S. lycopersicum, T. aestivum and Z. mays (> 167 N/10 g soil. The negative correlations of available P and soluble P with soil biological properties like SNG and alkaline phosphatase activity and the positive correlation with soil pH shows the importance of rhizomicroorganisms and glumales on P nutrition by plants in calcareous soil. Thus rhizosphere acidification of calcareous soil may not be as important as the improvement of biological properties in P uptake and acquisition by plants.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del cultivo de 10 especies de plantas vegetales sobre determinadas actividades biológicas y sobre la biodisponibilidad de fósforo (P en diferentes zonas de muestreo. El valor más bajo de P

Diagnóstico do cultivo hidropônico de hortaliças na região do Distrito Federal Diagnosis of the horticultural crop production in hydroponical facilities in the Distrito Federal region

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Juliana S Costa

2000-03-01

Full Text Available De outubro de 1997 a maio de 1998, foram realizadas entrevistas com produtores de hortaliças em cultivo hidropônico, na região do Distrito Federal, com o objetivo de verificar a situação atual, bem como identificar os pontos de estrangulamento no sistema de produção. Foram identificados 18 produtores em um raio de 50 km de Brasília. As principais culturas são alface e tomate, ocupando uma área de 2,7 ha e de 0,5 ha, respectivamente. Foi verificado que as estruturas são, na sua maioria, de madeira e arcos de ferro, com custo médio de R$ 26,00/m², para produção de alface e de R$ 20,00/m², para tomate. O custo por unidade de alface está em torno de R$ 0,25 e o preço médio de venda ao mercado de R$ 0,45, enquanto que o tomate está sendo vendido a R$ 1,20/kg. Devido à produção recente, os produtores de tomate não conseguiram ainda calcular os custos. As produtividades médias observadas foram de 300 t/ha/ano de alface e de 104 t/ha/ciclo de tomate. Os principais compradores são Ceasa, supermercados, restaurantes, sacolões e mercearias. Um dos produtores exporta alface para Manaus (AM. Metade dos produtores não usa agrotóxicos. Assistência técnica, ocorrência de "tipburn", análise da solução nutritiva, aquecimento interno da estrutura, doenças e pragas são os principais problemas citados pelos produtores de alface e, na produção de tomate, frutos rachados, doenças e pragas. O cultivo hidropônico de hortaliças está sendo visto como uma alternativa para viabilização do agronegócio na região, além de permitir uma sensível redução na utilização de agrotóxicos. Aproximadamente 44% dos produtores estão sem assistência técnica e produzindo por meio de tentativas, demandando uma atuação mais efetiva dos órgãos de ensino, pesquisa e extensão rural da região.From October 1997 to May 1998, several interviews with producers of hydroponic crops took place in Distrito Federal with the objective of not

Sample Set (SE): SE14 [Metabolonote[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available SE14 Effect of agricultural films for tomato fruit metabolites Investigation of Sol...anum lycopersicum fruit metabolites. 3 growth conditions (covered with normal or UV cut agricultural film or no agricultura

Postharvest fungal deterioration of tomato ( Lycopersicum ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives ... tomatoes and pepper were sourced from Mile 12 Market in Lagos state. ... the ingestion of mycotoxins that are usually associated with fungal species), ...

Developing an Effective and Efficient Real Time Strategy Agent for Use as a Computer Generated Force

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-01

Coello, Carlos A., Gary B. Lamont, and David A. Van Veldhuizen . Evolution- ary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems (Genetic and...Practice. Oxford Univer- sity Press, 1996. 4. Bakkes, Sander, Philip Kerbusch, Pieter Spronck, and Jaap van den Herik. “Au- tomatically Evaluating...Pieter Spronck, and Jaap van den Herik. “Phase-dependent Evaluation in RTS games”. Proceedings of the 19th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial

POTENCIAL DE PROPAGACIÓN in vitro PARA EL TOMATE DE ÁRBOL PARTENOCÁRPICO Cyphomandra betacea Cav. (Sendt POTENTIAL OF in vitro PROPAGATION FOR THE TOMATO TREE PARTENOCARPIC Cyphomandra betacea Cav. (Sendt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Alexander Espinosa Orrego

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron 10 medios de cultivo para el establecimiento y la multiplicación in vitro de tomate de árbol partenocárpico, los cuales contenían sales de MS, BAP de 0,17 a 5,82 mg/l, y AIA de 0,19 a 2,31 mg/l y una mezcla de tres sustancias antioxidantes: cisteína, ácido ascórbico y caseína hidrolizada (100 mg/l de cada una. Los explantes utilizados fueron esquejes de nudo de 1,5 a 2,0 cm de longitud. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó un diseño central compuesto triplicado con dos repeticiones del punto central. Los resultados fueron: en el material proveniente del altiplano Norte de Antioquia, Colombia, se determinó el punto óptimo para la variable longitud de brotes con reguladores de crecimiento (0,17 mg/l de BAP y 0,19 mg/l de AIA; en el material procedente del Oriente de Antioquia-Colombia, no se pudo determinar el punto óptimo. Las sustancias antioxidantes no fueron efectivas para evitar la oxidación fenólica, la cual fue mediana a alta. Las tasas de multiplicación fueron bajas (0 % y 20 % para los genotipos del Oriente y Norte de Antioquia, respectivamente y el desarrollo de los brotes en el material del Norte fue muy lento (cuatro meses.Ten tissue culture medias were evaluated to establish and multiply in vitro the tomato tree partenocarpic, that contained MS salts, BAP from 0,17 to 5,82 mg/l, and IAA from 0,17 to 2,31 mg/l and a mix of three antiozidant substances : cistein, ascorbic acid, and hydrolized casein (100 mg/l each. The explants employed were nodal stems of from 1, 5 to 2,0 cm in length. For the statistical analyses, a triplicated central composite design was employed with two repetitions of the central point. The results were: in the material from the high plains of northern Antioquia, Colombia , the optimal point was determined for the variable shoot length with growth regulators (0,17 mg/l of BAP and 0,19 mg/l of IAA; for the material from eastern Antioquia-Colombia, it was not possible to determine

Patogenecidad de agrobacterium tumefaciens en algunas especies de plantas de flóres de exportación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ovalle Germán

1984-12-01

Full Text Available Tres aislamientos de tumefaelens Agrobaeterlum de rosa de las plantas afectadas con agalla de la corona en la Sabana de Bogotá se han caracterizado e identificado por pruebas de laboratorio y mediante la inoculación en plantas de tomate, zanahoria y remolacha. Patogenicidad fue probado en el campo de rosas, claveles, limonium, chrysanthermum y plantas gipsophila que son especies importantes en el país para la producción de flores de exportación. Su patogenia se ha probado también en las plantas de eucaliptus, remolacha, tomate y geranio, anfitriones común de las bacterias, estas pruebas se llevaron a cabo en 45 plantas de día y el material de propagación. Los aislamientos fueron altamente patógena de plantas de rosa y eucallptus, moderadamente patógenas de clavel y de hielo y estadísticas presentados pathogeneclty muy bajo en chrysanthemun. No hubo infección en gypsophila. Las plantas de tomate, la remolacha y el geranio presente una alta susceptibilidad a la bacteria y pueden ser de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico.Three isolates of Agrobaeterlum tumefaelens from rose plants affected with crown gall in the Savanna of Bogota have been characterized and identified by laboratory test and by inoculation in tomato plants, carrot and beet root disks. Pathogenecity was tested in the field on rose, carnation, statice, chrysanthermum and gipsophila plants which are important species in the country for the production of export flowers. Their pathogenecity was also tested on eucaliptus, beet, tomato and geranium plants, common hosts of the bacteria; these tests were carried out on 45 days old plants and propagation material. The isolates were highly pathogenic on rose and eucallptus plants, moderately pathogenic on carnation and stat ice and presented very low pathogeneclty on chrysanthemun. There was no Infection on gypsophila. Tomato, beet and geranIum plants present high susceptibility to the bacteria and can be of great usefuiness for

EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICA Y FINANCIERA DEL CULTIVO DE LECHUGA EN INVERNADERO, COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA INVIERNO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerardo Martínez Carrillo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Los cultivos que se producen en invernadero sin calefacción en el Altiplano de México y específicamente en Jerez de García Salinas, Zacatecas, no se adaptan en invierno, época en la que no se usan los invernaderos. Con el fin de encontrar una opción de producción que sea económicamente rentable en la época invernal para los productores de esta región, se evaluó la producción de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L. posterior a un cultivo de tomate. La investigación se realizó en un invernadero tipo multitunel con control pasivo del clima, el cultivo fue establecido en suelo. Se evaluó la combinación de tres variedades (Durango, Orejona PX y EZ-1 y tres densidades de plantación (20, 6.6 y 5 plantas m-² en la producción y la rentabilidad. El rendimiento con la variedad Durango fue superior en 1.22 y 1.18 veces a EZ-1 y Orejona PX, respectivamente; la densidad de 20 plantas m-2 presentó un rendimiento en kg m-2 de 2.1 y 2.7 veces mayor que con 6.6 y 5 plantas m-2, respectivamente; sin embargo, el peso por planta tuvo comportamiento inverso al peso por metro cuadrado; con cinco plantas m-2 el peso por planta fue mayor en 1.01 y 1.49 veces respecto a 6.6 y 20 plantas m-2, respectivamente. La relación beneficio/costo con el cultivo de tomate fue de 1.28 y con tomate + lechuga fue de 1.37, 1.30 y 1.29 con 20, 6.6 y 5 plantas m-2, respectivamente; por lo cual el cultivo de lechuga, principalmente con la variedad Durango y la densidad de 20 plantas m-2, es una opción recomendable.

Cameroun

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 juin 2014 ... yohimbe, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Solanum lycopersicum,. Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Voacanga africana, Voacanga thouarsii, Zingiber officinale. Les espèces exotiques sont : Acanthus montanus,. Ageratum conyzoides, Aloe vera, Allium sativum,. Apium graveolens, Amaranthus hybridus, Ananas.

Tomato strigolactones are derived from carotenoids and their biosynthesis is promoted by phosphate starvation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lopez Raez, J.A.; Charnikhova, T.; Gomez-Roldan, M.V.; Matusova, R.; Kohlen, W.; Vos, de C.H.; Verstappen, F.W.A.; Puech-Pages, V.; Becard, G.; Mulder, P.P.J.; Bouwmeester, H.J.

2008-01-01

Strigolactones are rhizosphere signalling compounds that mediate host location in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and parasitic plants. Here, the regulation of the biosynthesis of strigolactones is studied in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Strigolactone production under phosphate starvation, in

Alterations of the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities are not General Characteristics of the Colonization Process by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alteraciones de las Actividades de Enzimas Antioxidantes no son Características Generales del Proceso de Colonización por Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yakelin Rodríguez

2012-09-01

antioxidante durante la colonización radical por los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares, se evaluaron las actividades de enzimas antioxidantes claves en raíces de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. inoculadas con seis cepas diferentes: dos Glomus mosseae, Glomus cubense, Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp. y A. scrobiculata. Las cepas G. cubense y A. scrobiculata alcanzaron los niveles de infectividad superiores con valores máximos de colonización e intensidad de 29-10,88% y 18-9,20%, respectivamente; las cepas G. mosseae mostraron una infectividad intermedia, ambas con 15% de colonización e intensidades máximas de 7,64-7,06%, respectivamente; mientras que los niveles de infectividad de las cepas Glomus sp. y G. intraradices fueron inferiores con colonización del 13% e intensidades de 5,07 y 5,41, respectivamente. Algunos patrones de actividad de las enzimas peroxidasa, superóxido dismutasa y polifenol oxidasa no resultaron específicos para los niveles y estadios de colonización, temprano o tardío, ni tipo de cepa. No obstante, la única banda de superóxido dismutasa presente en la colonización temprana y el bajo nivel de actividad guayacol-peroxidasa en estadio tardío presente en todos los tratamientos micorrizados indican que estas respuestas antioxidantes son independientes de la cepa y el grado de colonización. En conjunto, los datos sugieren que las alteraciones de las actividades enzimáticas antioxidantes no son características generales del proceso de colonización por los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares, teniendo probablemente el rol clave sobre estas respuestas las características específicas de cada cepa más que la colonización per se.

Disponibilidade de ferro em misturas de alimentos com adição de alimentos com alto teor de vitamina C e de cisteína Iron availability in food mixtures including foods with high vitamin C and cysteine contents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Fantini

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A disponibilidade do ferro é fator importante na dieta, pois a anemia ferropriva atinge grande parte da população mundial. A cisteína e a vitamina C são fatores que melhoram sua absorção. A pesquisa teve por objetivos avaliar a disponibilidade de ferro em carne, feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris e a combinação de arroz e tomate ao feijão, bem como analisar se o ácido fítico, o ácido oxálico e os taninos das combinações contendo feijão influenciam na disponibilidade de ferro de forma significativa. Os alimentos foram preparados para consumo e as amostras obtidas com a combinação de carne, feijão, arroz e tomate foram: A1 - carne bovina; A2 - feijão comum; A3 - feijão comum e tomate; A4 - feijão comum e arroz; e A5 - feijão comum, arroz e tomate. Foram realizadas as análises de taninos, ácido fítico, ácido oxálico, vitamina C e teor e diálise de ferro in vitro. Os teores de taninos, ácido fítico e ácido oxálico foram baixos para influenciar a disponibilidade do ferro. A diálise de 5,73 a 13,61% indicando que a adição de cisteína e vitamina C em conjunto tem efeito maior do que quando presentes separadamente.Iron availability is an important factor in the diet because iron deficiency anemia affects many people in the world. Cysteine and vitamin C are factors that increase its absorption. The research had the objectives of evaluating iron availability in meat, common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris and the combination of rice and tomato with beans and to analyze if phytic acid, oxalic acid and tannins in the mixtures with beans affect iron availability significantly. The food was prepared as for consumption and the samples obtained by combining meat, beans, rice and tomato were: A1- meat; A2 - common beans; A3 - common beans and tomato; A4 - common beans and rice; and A5 - common beans, rice and tomato. Analyses of tannin, phytic acid, oxalic acid, and vitamin C contents and of in vitro iron content and dialysis were

Marker list: QM109927 [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ulation VWP2 x VWP4 and pseudo-F2 population ... Chr12 ... 10.1007/s00438-005-1149-2 16021467 ... QM109927 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae L16L Others ATAGTGTCTACTTCAGGG CCATCAAACAGTTCTCT S. peruvianum pop

Marker list: QM109928 [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available GATGGCGTT S. peruvianum population VWP2 x VWP4 and pseudo-F2 population ... Chr12 ... 10.1007/s00438-005-1149-2 16021467 ... QM109928 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae DH8R Others TAGAGAGACTATCCTTTA CACATTCAGT

QTL list: SpRg-7 [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available entage concerning shoot regeneration 2 ME10-141 ... Chr07 19.51 6.84 ... 10.1186/1471-2229-11-140 22014149 ... QT73653 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae SpRg-7 In vitro plant regeneraion bud perc

Uptake of 2,4-D in higher plants from artificial rain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lokke, H.

1984-01-01

Sinapis alba L., Lapsana communis L., Achillea millefolium L., Brassica napus L., Lactuca sativa L., and Lycopersicum esculentum L. were exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxy [2- 14 C]acetic acid (2,4-D) at 10 micrograms liter-1 in artificial rain, pH 6.5 and 3.3. The 2,4-D was absorbed in all species tested. Concentrations of parent 2,4-D appeared at the highest level in Achillea (0.1 mg kg-1 dry wt), and at zero level in Lycopersicum. Twenty-one daily treatments at pH 6.5 for 30-min periods increased dry-matter concentrations in the leaves of Achillea and decreased those in Brassica. No change in dry-matter concentration was observed in the leaves of Brassica by seven daily treatments for 30-min periods at pH 3.3

The mismatch repair protein MLH1 marks a subset of strongly interfering crossovers in tomato

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lhuissier, F.G.P.; Offenberg, H.H.; Wittich, P.E.; Vischer, N.O.E.; Heyting, C.

2007-01-01

In most eukaryotes, the prospective chromosomal positions of meiotic crossovers are marked during meiotic prophase by protein complexes called late recombination nodules (LNs). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a cytological recombination map has been constructed based on LN positions. We

Effets des extraits ou de la poudre de Spirulina platensis et Jatropha ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 juin 2015 ... générale, les extraits ou la poudre de Spirulina platensis ont eu des ... Mots clés: Biostimulant, croissance, Spirulina platensis, Jatropha curcas, Solanum lycopersicum .... Le test de ..... in antioxidant metabolites, enzymes, and.

QTL list: RXopJ4 resistance locus [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT62244 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae RXopJ4 resistance locus resistance to bacterial spot... disease resistance to bacterial spot disease (Xanthomonas perforans (Xp)) 3 J350 ... Chr06 ... 10.1007/s00122-012-2004-6 23117718

Gestion des apports organiques en systèmes de culture maraîchers sous abri

OpenAIRE

Bressoud, miss Frédérique; Parès, miss Laure

2003-01-01

Afin d’améliorer les pratiques de fertilisation en maraîchage biologique, la minéralisation de 2 types de composts est évaluée par différentes méthodes sur plusieurs cultures salade-tomate successives. Les premiers résultats montrent une contribution de ces composts à l’alimentation de la culture estivale, sans incidence sur les rendements récoltés.

1384-IJBCS-Article-Mohamed Soumanou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

pc

travers un prétraitement avant séchage par la technique de Déshydratation par Immersion-. Imprégnation (DII). MATERIEL ET METHODES. Matériel végétal. Les études ont porté sur les fruits de tomate (Lycopercicon esculentum Mill.), variété locale "Tounvi ", reconnue par la présence de 3 à 5 lobes, de forme aplatie et de.

2328-IJBCS-Article-Dr Oscar E.M Faton

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Botrytis cinerea à une température de 24 °C. Cet effet bénéfique est obtenu même en absence de tout agent pathogène. En effet,. Windham et al. (1986) ont montré que l'addition de T. harzianum et de T. koningii à un sol préalablement autoclavé a augmenté le pourcentage de germination des semences de tomate et du ...

Cross-species BAC-FISH painting of the tomato and potato chromosome 6 reveals undescribed chromosomal rearrangements

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tang, X.; Szinay, D.; Ramanna, M.S.; Vossen, van der E.A.G.; Datema, E.; Klein Lankhorst, R.M.; Boer, de J.M.; Peters, S.A.; Bachem, C.W.B.; Stiekema, W.J.; Visser, R.G.F.; Jong, de J.H.; Bai, Y.

2008-01-01

Ongoing genomics projects of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) are providing unique tools for comparative mapping studies in Solanaceae. At the chromosomal level, BACs can be positioned on pachytene comple-ments by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on homoeologous

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75069 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination rate mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2 ... Chr06 101.1-107.3 3.68 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75066 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination rate mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2 ... Chr04 65.1-81.9 2.15 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75072 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination rate mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2 ... Chr08 72.6-87.8 2.32 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75075 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination rate mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2 ... Chr12 49.5-63.0 2.54 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

Circumscription of the anthracnose pathogens Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and C. nigrum

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Liu, F.; Cai, L.; Crous, P.W.; Damm, U.

2013-01-01

The anthracnose pathogen of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is usually identified as Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, while anthracnose of potato (Solanum tuberosum), peppers (Capsicum annuum), tomato (S. lycopersicum) and several other crop plants is often attributed to C. coccodes. In order to

Parameter estimation in tree graph metabolic networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Astola, Laura; Stigter, Hans; Gomez Roldan, Maria Victoria; Eeuwijk, van Fred; Hall, Robert D.; Groenenboom, Marian; Molenaar, Jaap J.

2016-01-01

We study the glycosylation processes that convert initially toxic substrates to nu- tritionally valuable metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. To estimate the reaction rates we use ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to model the enzyme

A role for differential glycoconjugation in the emission of phenylpropanoid volatiles from tomato fruit discovered using a metabolic data fusion approach.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tikunov, Y.M.; Vos, de C.H.; Gonzalez Paramas, A.M.; Hall, R.D.; Bovy, A.G.

2010-01-01

A role for differential glycoconjugation in the emission of phenylpropanoid volatiles from ripening tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) upon fruit tissue disruption has been discovered in this study. Application of a multiinstrumental analytical platform for metabolic profiling of fruits from a

Study of radiation in fresh tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and in the levels of sauce lycopene; Estudo da radiacao ionizante em tomates in natura (lycopersicum esculentum Mill) e no teor de licopeno do molho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fabbri, Adriana Diaz Toni

2009-07-01

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of ionizing radiation in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and at the same time to evaluate the influence of irradiation on the content of lycopene in a sauce made with these fruits irradiated. For this reason tomatoes were subjected to five treatments: control, T1 (0.25 kGy), T2 (0.5 kGy), T3 (1.0 kGy) and T4 (2.0 kGy) and evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 days after irradiation, for the following analysis: maturity, texture, color, soluble solids, pH, acidity and total mass. Measurements were made of lycopene in fresh tomatoes and sauce by open column chromatography according to the ripening of them. The results showed that only the mass was not significantly different (p> 0.05). Treatments 1 and 2 proved to be effective in delaying the maturation and in the maintenance of firm texture (p <0.05). While T4 caused chemical reactions in the structure of tomato, compelling it to mature earlier because of pectin degradation. The completion of a sauce made from tomatoes irradiated to 0.25 kGy, didn't show a significant difference (p> 0.05) when compared to control. However, it didn't indicate lycopene degradation, as the doses of 1.0 and 2.0 kGy. Thus we can conclude that low doses are effective for maintaining pH, firmness, delayed senescence, mass and, in addition to not degrading the major bioactive compound of tomato, lycopene, suggest a higher bioavailability of this one, depending on the radiation application. (author)

Lycopene: Senyawa Fitokimia Pada Tomat dan Semangka

OpenAIRE

Siagian, Albiner

2010-01-01

Lycopene is the predominant carotenoid in tomatoe and watermelon. It contributes to the brilliant hue-especially red-of many fruits and vegetables. It gives the red colour of tomato, watermelon, and pink grapefruit. Growing evidence suggests that lycopene has significant antioxidant potential. Other studies showed that low concentration of serum lycopene associated with the increased risk of atherosclerosis. Also, clinical and epidemiological evidence have showed that lycopene...

Expression of Two Functionally Distinct Plant Endo-ß-1,4-Glucanases Is Essential for the Compatible Interaction Between Potato Cyst Nematode and Its Hosts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Karczmarek, A.; Fudali, S.; Lichocka, M.; Sobczak, M.; Kurek, W.; Janakowski, S.; Roosien, J.; Golinowski, W.; Bakker, J.; Goverse, A.; Helder, J.

2008-01-01

For the proliferation of their feeding sites (syncytia), the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis is thought to recruit plant endo-ß-1,4-glucanases (EGases, EC. 3.2.1.4). Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) indicated that the

Naturally occurring broad-spectrum powdery mildw resistance in a central American tomato accession is caused by loss of Mlo function

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bai, Y.; Pavan, S.N.C.; Zheng, Z.; Zappel, N.F.; Reinstadler, A.; Lotti, C.; Giovanni, de C.; Ricciardi, L.; Lindhout, P.; Visser, R.G.F.; Theres, K.; Panstruga, R.

2008-01-01

The resistant cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) line LC-95, derived from an accession collected in Ecuador, harbors a natural allele (ol-2) that confers broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici). As both the genetic and

The Tomato Hybrid Proline-Rich Protein regulates the abcission zone competence to respond to ethylene signals

Science.gov (United States)

The Tomato Hybrid Proline-Rich Protein (THyPRP) gene was specifically expressed in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flower abscission zone (FAZ), and its stable antisense silencing under the control of an abscission zone (AZ)-specific promoter, Tomato Abscission Polygalacturonase4,significantly inh...

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75103 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination time reciprocal of time to 10% of germina...tion of viable seeds (h-1) 2 ... Chr06 102.7-108.3 5.59 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75102 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination time reciprocal of time to 10% of germina...tion of viable seeds (h-1) 2 ... Chr06 38.9-56.2 3.42 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75104 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination time reciprocal of time to 10% of germina...tion of viable seeds (h-1) 2 ... Chr09 100.8-112.7 2.78 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

Overexpression of homologous phytochrome genes in tomato: exploring the limits in photoperception

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Husaineid, S.H.; Kok, R.A.; Schreuder, M.E.L.; Plas, van der L.H.W.; Krol, van der A.R.

2007-01-01

Transgenic tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum (=Solanum lycopersicum)] lines overexpressing tomato PHYA, PHYB1, or PHYB2, under control of the constitutive double-35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) have been generated to test the level of saturation in individual phytochrome-signalling

Genetic difference in macro-element mineral concentrations among 52 historically important tomato varieties

Science.gov (United States)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit quality and yield are highly dependent on adequate uptake of nutrients. Potassium, magnesium and calcium are essential elements that influence fruit quality traits such as color, uniformity of ripening, hollow fruit, fruit shape, firmness, and acidity. Sodium is n...

Flexible tools for gene expression and silencing in tomato

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fernandez, A.I.; Viron, N.; Alhagdow, M.; Karimi, M.; Jones, M.; Amsellem, Z.; Sicard, A.; Czerednik, A.; Angenent, G.C.; Grierson, D.; May, S.; Seymour, G.; Eshed, Y.; Lemaire-Chamley, M.; Rothan, C.; Hilson, P.

2009-01-01

As a genetic platform, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) benefits from rich germplasm collections and ease of cultivation and transformation that enable the analysis of biological processes impossible to investigate in other model species. To facilitate the assembly of an open genetic toolbox designed

Three-dimensional microscale modelling of CO2 transport and light propagation in tomato leaves enlightens photosynthesis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ho, Q.T.; Berghuijs, H.N.C.; Watté, R.; Verboven, P.; Herremans, E.; Yin, X.; Retta, M.A.; Aernouts, B.; Saeys, W.; Helfen, L.; Farquhar, G.D.; Struik, P.C.; Nicolai, B.

2016-01-01

We present a combined three-dimensional (3-D) model of light propagation, CO2 diffusion and photosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves. The model incorporates a geometrical representation of the actual leaf microstructure that we obtained with synchrotron radiation X-ray laminography,

Identification of QTLs for Botrytis cinerea Resistance in S. Habrochaites LYC4

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Finkers, H.J.; Heusden, van A.W.; Have, van der A.J.; Kan, van J.A.L.; Lindhout, P.

2006-01-01

BOTRYTIS cinerea Pers:Fr (teleomorph: Botryotina fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel) is a necrotrophic pathogenic fungus with an exceptionally wide host range of at least 235 species. Modern hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars are susceptible to B. cinerea although there are cultivars with some

Height suppression of tomato plug seedlings by an environment ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Experiments were conducted to investigate appropriate concentrations of plant growth retardants (PGRs) and duration of seed soaking in order to suppress hypocotyl length and plug seedling height of 2 tomato cultivars ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Seogeon and Seokwang). Daminozide (B-9), uniconazole ...

RNA interference silencing of chalcone synthase, the first step in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, leads to parthenocarpic tomato fruits

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schijlen, E.G.W.M.; Vos, de C.H.; Martens, S.; Jonker, H.H.; Rosin, F.M.A.; Molthoff, J.W.; Tikunov, Y.M.; Angenent, G.C.; Tunen, van A.J.; Bovy, A.G.

2007-01-01

Parthenocarpy, the formation of seedless fruits in the absence of functional fertilization, is a desirable trait for several important crop plants, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Seedless fruits can be of great value for consumers, the processing industry, and breeding companies. In this

Compatibility of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae with Commercial Products Under Laboratory Conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennifer Barrera Mojica

2013-05-01

La mosca blanca de los invernaderos, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, es una de las principales plagas de cultivos de tomate bajo invernadero y es controlada principalmente con insecticidas químicos. Sin embargo, existen estrategias alternativas de control como hongos entomopatógenos (Beauveria bassiana y enemigos naturales como parasitoides (Encarsia formosa. En el presente estudio se evaluó la compatibilidad de productos comerciales con adultos y pupas de E. formosa bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Se evaluaron ocho tratamientos para pupas y adultos del parasitoide, incluyendo dos concentraciones del hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana (5 x 107 y 5 x 109 conidios/ml, dosis comerciales de cuatro productos comúnmente usados para el control de plagas en cultivos de tomate y dos controles. Estos tratamientos fueron aplicados directamente sobre los parasitoides y se registraron a diario mortalidades de pupas y adultos. No se presentaron diferencias significativas entre el control relativo con el producto con ingrediente activo Bacillus thuringiensis (p > 0,05, indicando que este es compatible con pupas del parasitoide bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Finalmente, se encontró que los productos con ingredientes activos de Tiocyclam hidrogenoxalato y B. thuringiensis son incompatibles con adultos de E. formosa bajo condiciones de laboratorio.

MicroRNA396a-5p and -3p induce tomato disease susceptibility by suppressing target genes and upregulating salicylic acid.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Lei; Meng, Jun; Zhai, Junmiao; Xu, Pinsan; Luan, Yushi

2017-12-01

Plants have evolved a variety of mechanisms to perceive and resist the assault of pathogens. The biotrophs, necrotrophs and hemibiotrophs are types of plant pathogens that activate diverse salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. In this study we showed that the expressions of miR396a-5p and -3p in Solanum lycopersicum (S. lycopersicum) were both down-regulated after infection by hemibiotroph Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) and necrotroph Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) infection. Overexpression of miR396a-5p and -3p in transgenic tomato enhanced the susceptibility of S. lycopersicum to P. infestans and B. cinerea infection and the tendency to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathogen-related biotic stress. Additionally, miR396a regulated growth-regulating factor1 (GRF1), salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (SAMT), glycosyl hydrolases (GH) and nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) and down-regulated their levels. This ultimately led to inhibition of the expression of pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), TGA transcription factors1 and 2 (TGA1 and TGA2) and JA-dependent proteinase inhibitors I and II (PI I and II), but enhanced the endogenous SA content and nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) expression. Taken together, our results showed that negative regulation of target genes and their downstream genes expressions by miR396a-5p and -3p are critical for tomato abiotic stresses via affecting SA or JA signaling pathways. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Análisis nutricional y estudio de la actividad antioxidante de algunas frutas tropicales cultivadas en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Moreno Gómez, Elizabeth

2014-01-01

El objetivo principal de este trabajo consistió en realizar el análisis nutricional que incluyo: porcentaje de humedad, cenizas, proteína, grasa, fibra dietaria total, minerales y carbohidratos, además se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de extractos de pulpa de gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims.), curuba (Passiflora tripartida var. Mollissima), aguacate (Persea americana Mill.), uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.), tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendt.) y lulo (Solanum quitoense...

EVALUATION DE LA SENSIBILITE A Bemisia tabaci (GEN) DE 13 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

champ, le comportement de 13 variétés de tomate contre la pression de Bemisia tabaci (Gen), une mouche vecteur du virus de la jaunisse en cuillère des ... en saison sèche il y a une vingtaine d'années atteignaient 100 % et les pertes de production ... semaines. Le semis s'est effectué sur une planche de 9 m2 (9 x 1 m2).

Partial stem and leaf resistance against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in wild relatives of tomato

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Have, ten A.; Berloo, van R.; Lindhout, P.; Kan, van J.A.L.

2007-01-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of many greenhouse crops that can be infected by the necrotrophic ascomycete Botrytis cinerea. Commercial cultivation of tomato is hampered by the lack of resistance. Quantitative resistance has been reported in wild tomato relatives, mostly based on leaf assays.

Sugar and acid interconversion in tomato fruits based on biopsy sampling of locule gel and pericarp tissue

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schouten, R.E.; Woltering, E.J.; Tijskens, L.M.M.

2016-01-01

This study deals with quantifying sugar and acids levels important for the perceived taste of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Sugar and acids levels were measured repeatedly on the same tomato using tissue samples obtained with a biopsy needle in combination with HPLC protocols. Biopsies of

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75157 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_salt stress Salt I_mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2,3 ... Chr09 106.5-112.7 2.41 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75239 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_osmotic stress Osmotic I_mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2,3 ... Chr12 39.4-64.0 2.02 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75106 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_germination time reciprocal of time to 50% of the ger...mination of viable seeds (h-1) 2 ... Chr04 65.1-80.4 2.29 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75274 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_osmotic stress Osmotic II_mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2,3 ... Chr02 15.4-31.3 2.94 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75205 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_salt stress Salt II_mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2,3 ... Chr02 15.4-26.6 3.43 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

QTL list: [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available QT75233 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae ... Seed quality_osmotic stress Osmotic I_mean germination... rate (reciprocal of the mean germination time; MGT-1) 2,3 ... Chr02 7.6-23.7 3.5 ... 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02463.x 22074055

Tomato whole genome transcriptional response to Tetranychus urticae identifies divergence of spider mite-induced responses between tomato and Arabidopsis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Martel, C.; Zhurov, V.; Navarro, M.; Martinez, M.; Cazaux, M.; Auger, P.; Migeon, A.; Santamaria, M.E.; Wybouw, N.; Diaz, I.; Van Leeuwen, T.; Navajas, M.; Grbic, M.; Grbic, V.

2015-01-01

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is one of the most significant mite pests in agriculture, feeding on more than 1,100 plant hosts, including model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. Here, we describe timecourse tomato transcriptional responses to spider mite

System-Wide Hypersensitive Response-Associated Transcriptome and Metabolome Reprogramming in Tomato

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Etalo, D.W.; Stulemeijer, I.J.E.; Esse, van H.P.; Vos, de R.C.H.; Bouwmeester, H.J.; Joosten, M.H.A.J.

2013-01-01

The hypersensitive response (HR) is considered to be the hallmark of the resistance response of plants to pathogens. To study HR-associated transcriptome and metabolome reprogramming in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we used plants that express both a resistance gene to Cladosporium fulvum and the

First report of Colletotrichum nigrum causing anthracnose disease on tomato fruit in New Jersey

Science.gov (United States)

Anthracnose fruit rot is one of the most serious diseases affecting the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the United States and is typically incited by Colletotrichum coccodes, C. gloeosporioides or C. dematium (Farr and Rossman 2016). During the summer of 2013, symptoms characteris...

SIDREB2, a tomato dehydration-responsive element-binding 2 transcription factor, mediates salt stress tolerance in tomato and Arabidopsis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hichri, I.; Muhovski, Y.; Clippe, A.; Žižková, Eva; Dobrev, Petre; Motyka, Václav; Lutts, S.

2016-01-01

Roč. 39, č. 1 (2016), s. 62-79 ISSN 0140-7791 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/11/0774 Institutional support: RVO:61389030 Keywords : Arabidopsis thaliana * Solanum lycopersicum * DREB2 Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 6.173, year: 2016

Identification of microRNA targets in tomato fruit development using high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Karlova, R.B.; Haarst, van J.C.; Maliepaard, C.A.; Geest, van de H.C.; Bovy, A.G.; Lammers, M.; Angenent, G.C.; Maagd, de R.A.

2013-01-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant development through regulation of gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. Despite the fact that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the model system for studying fleshy fruit development and ripening, only a few experimentally

Structure-function analysis of the Fusarium oxysporum Avr2 effector allows uncoupling of its immune-suppressing activity from recognition

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Di, X.; Cao, L.; Hughes, R.K.; Tintor, N.; Banfield, M.J.; Takken, F.L.W.

2017-01-01

Plant pathogens employ effector proteins to manipulate their hosts. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), the causal agent of tomato wilt disease, produces effector protein Avr2. Besides being a virulence factor, Avr2 triggers immunity in I-2 carrying tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Fol

Biological control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum by Encarsia formosa on tomato in unheated greenhouses in the high altitude tropics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vis, de R.M.J.; Lenteren, van J.C.

2008-01-01

Biological control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) by Encarsia formosa Gahan was tested during three consecutive production cycles (16-28 weeks) on a beef tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop in a glasshouse and a plastic greenhouse on the Bogota Plateau in Colombia. During the course of

Identification of miRNAs with potential roles in regulation of anther development and male-sterility in 7B-1 male-sterile tomato mutant

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Omidvar, Vahid; Mohorianu, I.; Dalmay, T.; Fellner, Martin

2015-01-01

Roč. 16, OCT 28 (2015), s. 878 ISSN 1471-2164 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LO1204 Institutional support: RVO:61389030 Keywords : 7B-1 mutation * Solanum lycopersicum * Male-sterility Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 3.867, year: 2015

Biochemical and molecular analysis of pink tomatoes: deregulated expression of the gene encoding transcription factor SlMYB12 leads to pink tomato fruit colour

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ballester, A.R.; Molthoff, J.W.; Vos, de C.H.; Lintel Hekkert, B.; Orzaez, D.; Fernandez-Moreno, J.P.; Tripodi, S.; Grandillo, S.; Martin, C.; Heldens, J.; Ykema, M.; Granell, A.; Bovy, A.G.

2010-01-01

The color of tomato fruit is mainly determined by carotenoids and flavonoids. Phenotypic analysis of an introgression line (IL) population derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum 'Moneyberg' and the wild species Solanum chmielewskii revealed three ILs with a pink fruit color. These lines

Quantifying lycopene synthesis and chlorophyll breakdown in tomato fruit using remittance VIS spectroscopy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schouten, R.E.; Farneti, B.; Tijskens, L.M.M.; Algarra Alarcon, A.; Woltering, E.J.

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of chlorophyll breakdown and lycopene synthesis at a quantitative level in Solanum lycopersicum fruit. To accomplish this, a kinetic model is proposed describing the transition from chloro- to chromoplast. Remittance VIS spectroscopy was used

Alternate partial root-zone drying irrigation improves fruit quality in tomatoes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sun, Y.; Holm, Peter Engelund; Liu, Fulai

2014-01-01

Alternate partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation and deficit irrigation (DI) are water-saving irrigation strategies. Here, comparative effects of PRD and DI on fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated. The results showed that the irrigation treatments had no effect o...

Isolation and characterization of beneficial indigenous endophytic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Plant-associated bacteria that live inside plant tissues without causing any damage to plants are defined as endophytic bacteria. The present study was carried out to analyze the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of endophytic bacteria associated with Amaranthus hybridus, Solanum lycopersicum and Cucurbita maxima.

Marker list: QM183663 [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CG GCTCCAACTTCAATGCCTGT Gold Ball Livingston x Yellow Pear|San Marzano x Gold Ball Livingston|T1693 x Yellow Pear ... chr11 fruit shape 1 10.1038/hdy.2013.45 23673388 ... QM183663 Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae 11EP186 CAPS/dCAPS TGGAAGCTTTAAACTTGTCGTT